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ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS IN THE YEAR 1904 BY J. PERCY HART, CADWALLADER. PA. IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON. D. C. ^ ^3 ^33 Preface IX this abridged history of Fayette County, of Western Pennsylvania, and of the Three Towns of BrownsviUe, Bridgeport and West Browns- \-ille particularly, it has been the aim of the author and compiler, to devote more time to the writing, assembling and systematic arranging of facts and incidents of the early settlement and life, social and industrial, than to the portrayal of the ]:)resent. It is around the things of the past that memory most fondly clings, and to place them upon the pages of history that old and young may pore over them, the former with fond recollections and the latter with awakened interest in the life and trials of our forefathers, is the incenti\-e that prompted the writing of these pages. With more recent history, all are more or less familiar. The history of the world, of today, is being made and comes to us daily through the columns of newspapers and magazines; it is being graven upon marble and granite and upon the everlasting hills, in a manner that it will never be erased, but the history of the past centuries, we must gather from tradition or from musty A'olumes of ancient and almost forgotten lore. And, it is from these that we have gathered what we here present and we assure you that it was as inuch a pleasure as a task' to gather much of what we haw written from the trembling lips of beautiful old age, and emljellish it by the aid of the 'l)hotographer and illustrator. All who took part in making the earlier history of this part of Pennsyl- vania, have long since gone to their reward but their works live after them and will result in manifold blessings to generations yet unborn; while many of the others who came U].)on the scene from a half to three-f|uarters of a century later, are still with us bearing U];)on their brows the silvery crown of interesting and instructive old age, but their memory of things seen and heard is a rich storehouse from which an historian delights to draw, and it is to these as well as to the ancient chroniclers of history, that we are indebted for much that enters into this volume, Veech, Ellis, Searight, Nelson, Crumrine and other writers of the early history of Pennsylvania, have been drawn upon and we believe in most instances credited with their contributions, while the vast number of others who have generously aided us in om- search for historic incidents, is such as to preclude the possibility of individual mention. Among them, how- ever, are J. D. S. Pringle, D. M. Hart, William Graham, Thomas Benton Wilgus, (now in Morgantown), James Risbeck, James Mitchell, and a diary of Robert Rogers, kindly furnished us by Roland C. Rogers. We also desire to express our thanks to Hunter Beall, and Mrs. Morgan West, now at Damascus, O., the former for the ])rivilege of ]Dhotographing an old snuffbox and the latter for a picture of an old mirror both of which came over in the Mayflower, as well as others for interesting and valued heirlooms that deserve a place in this work. There are no doubt manj' other relics if they were unearthed but some are buried away in obscure garrets to be dug up by later generations while others are in the hands of people with whom we have not been able to communicate. We are in- debted to our efficient photographer W. D. Pratt, for pictures of many of the old landmarks which it would have been impossible to secure had he not had the negatives carefully laid away for just such an emergency. While we have pictures and biographies of nearly all of our borough and county officials, still there are a few that we have been unable to secure. This we regret very much but feel that we are not to blame as we made every reasonable effort to do so. We realize that while we have brought the record of Fayette County's progress down to the present time and the record of the Three Towns as well, and that while that record is one of which any county or community might well feel proud, it will be but a few more years at the present rate of progress when our proud position in the industrial world, will seem to those who look back, as exceedingly primitive. The future of Fayette County and of the Three Towns particularly, is as promising as the dawn of a new day and all the past achievements will seem primitive and prescribed com- pared with what we shall have before the present generation takes its place in the ranks of generations past. J. p. H. Index to Departments PAGK Earlv History ot Western Pennsylvania 014 Fayette County History (ilo Geology of Fayette County ()1() Fayette County's Part in Wars 017 Earlv and Present Modes of Transportation (US History of the National Pike OlS Slack-Water Navigation GHt Old Taverns Along the Pike ()2{) Railroad History 62 1 History of the Three Towns ()22 and 62."> Necrological Record of the Three Towns since August 10, 1869. 2r)() History of Brownsville 024 History of Bridgeport 025 History of West Brownsville 020 Financial Institutions of the Three Towns 027 Educational History 02S Religious History- 62U List of Telephone Subscribers — "Bell," "Federal," "Mononga- hela Valley" and " Home-Mutual. " 420 History of Uniontown 630 Business Directory of Uniontown 404 Directory of the Three Towns 47.") Brownsville 47") Bridgeport 520 West Brownsville 579 Business Directory of the Three Towns 000 Index to Illustrations 031 Index to Advertisements 030 Large Map of the Three Towns Back of Book. Early History of Western Pennsylvania What is now Fayette County the Seat of Early Contention — French Invasion — The Hanguard and Other Old Forts — Washington at JUMONVILLE and THE GrEAT MeADOWS BrADDOCK's DISASTROUS Expedition — Buried in Fayette County — Expedition of General Forbes — French Abandon Fort Duquesne — Mounds and Mound- Builders — Redstone Old Fort and Fort Burd — Gist's Plantation Called Monongahela — Division of Westmoreland County^ — Trials of First Settlers. FRENCH INVASION. There is probably not a county in the state of Pennsylvania nor in any other in the United States, that can justly lay claim to greater historical interest than Fayette County. Located as it is, in the most prominent path that marks the course of the aborigines from the east to the west, that was afterward trodden by the pioneers, the trappers and traders, the colonial forces that came across the Alleghcnies to cross swords with the French, and that from a blazed way through almost untrodden and seem- ingly unbounded forests, became the highway of commerce long before the iron rails of the Pennsylvania or Baltimore & Ohio had pierced the fertile hills or spanned the still more fertile valleys of this vast region, it has ever been prominent in the eyes of the nation and in the eyes of the world. It is not our purpose in this Avork to enter into a detailed history of Fayette County, as its history has been written many times by abler men who in their works exhausted the stibjcct and gave to those interested all that there is to know about this section of the state and particularly of Fay- ette County, but to deal more particularly with what has long since become familiarly known as the Three Towns and by which name Brownsville, Bridgeport (Cadwallader P. O.) and West Brownsville are known. How- ever, as the links are all intact between the gradual transition of Wendell Brown and his two sons, Manus and Adam, from nimrods to husbandmen, in 1751, to the present time, it will not be ovit of order nor consume much time of the reader to follow the trail of the trader till it develops into the modern, steel highways that now vie with the ever-rolling rivers, as the arteries of commerce. The French had explored virtually all that vast scope of country between the Allegheny mountains and the Mississippi river from the Great Lakes south to the Ohio river, long before the advent of the English and had established forts and trading places along many of the rivers, but they had made no definite effort to hold the territory until 1749 when Marquis de la Gahs- soniere, then Governor-General of Canada, sent one Celoron by way of the Great Lakes, down the Allegheny and Ohio rivers to take possession of the Washington's Mission to Le Boeuf country m the name of the king of France. Ho.v this expedition started from LaChme near Montreal, June 15, 1749, following the St. Lawrence the shores of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie and then crossed over to the Allegheny strikmg It at a point near where Warren, Pennsylvania, now stands and contmued down that stream to the Ohio, down the Ohio to the Miami up that stream to near its head waters thence overland to the Maumee which river they descended to Lake Erie and returned to Montreal bv way ,,f the route they had come, planting leaden plates all along the route x\hich bore m scriptions setting forth the claims of France to the territory, are all matters of history too well known to merit repetition here. It was this mo^•e on the part of France, however, that led the English to greater activity and it was partly to circum^'ent the French that the Ohio Company formed in Virginia by Virginians and Marvlanders in 1748 commenced active operations shortly afterward. Subsequent to the expedi' tion of Celoron, the visits of the French to this section of the country became frequent and m 1753 another expedition under a French commander made Its way into the territory now comprising Western Pennsvlvania following closely the route that Celoron had taken, and built a number of forts WASHLNGTON'S MISSION TO LE BOEUF. These mox-ements on the ]jart of the French alarmed the Governor of Virginia, who urged on by the middle colonies, sent George Washington then a young man, to inquire of the French the motive of their movements' Washington with seven other men among whom was Christopher Gist who figures largely m the subsequent history of this section of the country set out on his mission late in the fall of 1753 and after a long and tedious journey reached Venango, an old Indian town which was an outpost of the French forces or rather an advance post. Here he foimd Joncaire and stated his mission. Joncaire referred him to his superior officer who was stationed at Le Boeuf, one of the forts but recently built by the French. Thither Wash- mgton made his way and was courteously received by Legardeur de Saint Pierre who in turn said that he would forward Governor Dinwiddie's message to the Governor-General in Canada, but that in the meantime he had orders to hold the territory and that he would obey his orders to the best of his ability. Washington could do nothing more and with this answer he re- turned to Virginia and reported to Governor Dinwiddle at Williamsbure January 10, 1754. In the meantime the Ohio Company had planned to establish a fort and colony at the forks of the river or where Pittsburgh now stands, had received consignments of goods from England and on his way back to Virginia Washington met a number of these people then en route to the head waters of the Ohio. The Ohio Company had already estabhshed trading posts along the route namely at Wills creek, at the mouth of Turtle creek (whither Frazier had gone after being driven from Venango by the French) , and William Trent was at the time engaged in building the Hanguard a kind of fort or blockhouse at the mouth of Redstone just below Brownsville. Washington The Haiiguard, l'"orl I'itl and I'"orl I)U(|uesne on his way back to Virginia, after his mission to the French cornmandcrs, sto])|ii'(l for a tinu' at the plantation of Gist, known then as Monongahela, a name wliieli was ajiplied to the territory froni the motith of Redstone to the- \'(>ugli, (iist's ]ilantation, however, was within wdiat is now Fayette Coimty and nion' defmitcly speaking in Wliarton townshi]). THl-: II.\X(UAR1), FORT PITT AND FOR'I' DUQUFSNF. Early in January, 17o4, the Ohio Coni])any realizt-d that they needed a stronger arm than they wit'lded to jn'otect their interests in this section of the country and seeinx'd from Virginia, authority to organize a com])any of militia to co-operate with them. Oox-ernor Dinwiddie commissioned William Trent captain of this comjiany, John Frazier lieutenant, and Edward Ward ensign. Trent, as stated before, was at the time engaged in building the Hanguard at the movith of Redstone but on recei\-ing orders from the Go\"ernor of \'irginia to jjrticeed to the Old Dominion and raise a company of 100 men. he left the work and went on his mission. After securing about forty men. he started for the Forks (now the city of Pittslmrgh) hoping to fill out his company on the way. He proceeded to Gist's and thence to the mouth of Redstone where he hrst completed the Hanguard after which he went on to the Forks where in company with Gist, George Croghan and a nuniber of others, he commenced the work of building the fort. After laying ottt the groimd and getting some of the logs in position, Ca])t. Trent was forced to retiu"n to Wills creek across the mountains for provisions. Lieutenant Frazier was called to his trading i^ost at Turtle creek and the work at the Forks was left in charge of Ensign Ward. About this time the French under Contrecoeur appeared in force and demanded the surrender of the post. W^ard saw that resistance would be suicidal and on the following day, February 17, 1754, surrendered the post and with his men ascended the Monongahela river to Brownsville where the Hanguard had already been completed. The French hax'ing gained possession of the Forks of the Ohio, at once set about to Ijuild what has since been known as Fort Du(|uesne where or near where over a year afterward, to be exact, July 9, 1755, General Braddock met w4th disastrous defeat and received the wound that terminated his life at the Great Meadows in Fayette County about eight o'clock Svmday even- ing, July lo, 1755. WASHINGTON AND JUMONVILLE. Unaware of the surrender of the "Forks of the Ohio" by Ward, the Gov- ernor of Virgittia was raising and organizing troops to go forward and occupy the position. The first detachment of these troops was sent forward under the command of Lieut. Col. George Washington who had already received his commission from the Governor of Virginia as Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment of Virginia, Col. Joshua Frye being in command. Washington was ordered to take the troops then ([uartered at Alexandria, Virginia, consisting of two companies of infantry properly olificered, and proceed TheudtJie RoosL-vtlt, Tresident of the United States George \\ d^hin.uto". First I'resideut of the ITniteil States Washington and Jumonville to the Ohio and there help Captain Trent to build forts and protect the rights or possessions of His Majesty against the French. On the second day of April, 1754, Washington left Alexandria with the two companies consisting of about 100 men besides the officers and we next hear of him at Jacob Pearsoll's where he received word by an express, from Captian Trent at the Ohio, stating that he was hourly expecting an attack by a body of 800 French troops, and asking reinforcements. W^ash- ington's force had in the meantime been augmented by Captain Stephen and fifty men thus bringing his troops up to a total of 150 men in the ranks. On the 20th Washington received word from Ensign Ward of the surrender of the Forks. This was the first intimation he had of what had transpired at the head waters of the Ohio river. After holding a council of war at Wills creek, Washington decided that the proper thing to do was to pvish forward to the mouth of Redstone and there fortify to meet the enemy, having in the meantime received word that LaForce with a number of French and some Indians had advanced up the Monongahela river and were in the neighborhood of Gist's place. On the 12th of May Washington received word by carrier that Colonel Frye was at Winchester Virginia with 100 men i.n-l would start in a few days for the front to join him. He also received word that Colonel Innis was on the way with 350 Carolinians. On the 17th Ward who had gone on east, rettirned and joining Washington in- formed him that Captain Mackay with a compan}' of 100 independents was on the wav to join him and that he might expect them any day. The same evening two friendly Indians came into camp and informed Washington that the French at Ft. Duquesne were expecting reinforcements any dav, that would increase their force to abotit 1,600 men. However, Washington moved his troops forward and after experiencing some difficulty in crossing the Youghiogheny and hesitating as to whether the Yotighiogheny or the Monongahela were the better point at which to make a stand decided in favor of the latter and at two o'clock in the afternoon of the 24th of May, 1 754 we find hiin at Great Meadows. Just before reaching Great Meadows two In- dian runners met him with a message from Half-King (Tanacharison) stating that the French army was already on the road from Fort Duquesne to meet the English and that Half-King and the other chiefs would soon be with him to hold a council of war, as it seems Washington had requested them to do. by messenger, prior to this time. That same evening a trader came into cainp at Great Meadows, from Gist's and reported that he had seen two French- men in that neighborhood and that he also knew there was a strong French force in the vicinity of Stewart's Crossing of the Youghiogheny. From this and the news he had received from Half- King, Washington decided to remain at the Meadows, at least for a time, and if needs be, fortify himself against the enemy. Of this place Washington wrote prior to his encounter with the French, that it was " A charming place for an encounter" but it seems that he after- wards found it anything else but a " Charining place. " On the morning of the 27th Christopher Gist arrived at Great Meadows direct from his plantation and told Washington that on the previous day a Washington's Defeat at Great Meadows 9 detachment of the French had visited his place and had committed variolas de])redations, and further informed Washino;ton that he had seen their tracks witliin live miles of Fort Neec>ssit>-, Ihi' name Washington had given to his intreneliments. On reeei])t of lliis inforniation, Washington sent out about 70 men to reconnoiter and if possible to locate the Fi-ench troo])s. From the following accounts it does not seem that they located the iM-ench, l)ut the same evening Washington received word from Half-King who was then en- camped only abotit six miles away, that he had seen two Frenchmen and following them stealthily had discovered the camp of the French forces in a dee]) and secluded ravine \-ery dilTicult of access and only about half a mile from the trail. After putting the camp or fort in order, Washington with those of his men not left to protect the stipplies, set out in the darkness for the camp of Half- King, which they reached just before daylight on the morning of the 2Sth of May. A short council was held with the old Sachems and it was decided to at once attack the French who were not far away. Accordingly they marched in single tile, early that May morning, to the French camp and forming in line of battle with the English troops on the right and the Indians on the left, the attack was made withotit any further preliminaries. While Washington did not succeed in surprising the French, the attack was so strdden and they had so little time to prepare that though they flew to arms, they were soon thrown into confvision and after about fifteen minutes' fight- ing during which time ten of the French were killed and one wounded, while Washington lost only one man killed and one wounded, they surrendered. Among the French who were killed was Jtmionville who had command of the French forces. Twenty-one French were taken prisoners, from which it appears that there were only 32 French in the party. Among the prisoners was LaForce w^ho is sometimes credited with having had charge of the French forces. The French w'ho w^ere killed in the battle were scalped by Half-King's men and the prisoners were eventtially sent to Winchester. Virginia. The death of Jumonvillc and the cajiture of his company, occurred on the morning of the 2Sth of May, 1754, in the northwest part of what is now Wharton township, Fayette Cottnty. Pa., close to what is now known as Washington's Spring and not far from the National Road. This is the location given Half-King's camp by Judge Veech and the place where Tumonville and his men were encamped, could not have been very far away. WASHINGTON'S DEFEAT AT GREAT MEADOWS— FT. NECESSITY. On the 30th, a few days after his encounter with and defeat of Jumon- ville's companv, Washington commenced to build a small fort with palisades at Great Meadows where some w'ork had previotisly been done. Washing- ton feared that as soon as the news of Jumonville's defeat and death reached the French at Fort Duquesne they would come out in great force, hence the strengthening of this unforttinate position, for that is what it certainlv proved to be. To get the benefit of two natural embankments 10 Fort Necessity and the little stream of water, Fort Necessity was btiilt on low, open ground with wooded heights or elevations practically on two sides of it where the French and Indians should they come to attack the American forces, could, under cover of the timber and from the elevations, pour volley after volley into the fort whose occupants not being able to see the enemy, would be absolutely helpless. The work on Fort Necessity could not have been very extensive, for history informs us that it was finished by the second day of June and religious services were held in it. Aboitt the time that Fort Necessity was finished Half- King and his men came into camp and brought with them a number of families of Indians who had fled from the lower Monongahela river fear- ing the vengeance of the French when they heard of Jumonville's defeat and death. The number of these refugees was augmented from time to time, till they became quite a burden to Washington from the fact that the provisions in camp were not sufficient to feed such a large number of people very long and as most of them were non-combatants, there was no possible benefit to be derived from keeping them in camp and Washington made an effort to get them to go into camp some distance away at the mouth of Redstone creek but did not succeed in doing it. Among these refugees was Queen Alliquippa and her son. It was only about a year before this when Washington had given the "Queen" a bottle of rum when he was on his first mission to the French, and she was located over on Turtle creek, and she no doubt hoped for more of the "fire-water," but history does not record whether she got it or not. Christopher Gist arrived at Fort Necessity on the 6th of June, from Wills creek with the information that Colonel Frye had died at Wills creek on the 30th of May. This put Washington in full command of the regiment. On the 9th of June Major Muse arrived from Wills Creek with the remainder of the regiment, nine swivel guns and a lot of ammunition. Washington now had a total force of six companies but in all there were only three hundred men besides the officers. Major Mtise on his arrival also brought word that Captain Mackay of the South Carolina Royal Independents had arrived at Wills creek a few days before and that he was then on his way to Fort Neces- sity, and in fact he arrived the next day, June 10th, with about one hundred men, supplies and ammunition. Captain Mackay does not seem to have been of much service to Washington, however, as he and his men, being Royal troops felt too aristocratic to take part in the, to them, menial duties of frontier warfare, such as building roads, forts, and moving supplies and ordnance, though they were not really guilty of serious insubordination. After some scouting for reputed French and Indian forces that it after- wards transpired were nine French deserters who were captured and brought into camp, Washington commenced a movement towards the mouth of Red- stone, taking the Nemacolin trail towards Gist's. He [took with him all his own men, ordnance, ample ammunition and most of the wagons. He left at the fort. Captain Mackay and his company. Though the distance to Gist's from the fort is only thirteen miles, it took them thirteen days to make a passable road over the distance. Before reaching Gist's a force was Fort Necessity 11 sent ahead to open up the way from Gist's to the Redstone. It was the 29th of Jtme when Washington reached Gist's where he received information that a strong French and Indian force was advancing up the Monongahela river from Fort Duquesne. A cotmcil of war was held and it was decided to con- centrate all the forces at Gist's and there take a stand against the approach- ing foe. The detachments that had been sent ahead to open the way from Gist's to Redstone, were called in and Captain Mackay was ordered to move his company from Fort Necessity to Gist's at once, an order which he promptly olieyed. When all the forces had been concentrated at Gist's another council of war was held and this time it was decided to abandon the position taken at Gist's where already considerable work had been done on intrcnchments, and retreat to Fort Necessity. Then commenced a march that though it had taken Washington 13 days to make the distance froin Great Meadows to Gist's, he now made it back in two days. The officers tised their horses for pack animals, walking the distance and helping to drag the swivel guns and other munitions of war. In this march Captain Mackay and his men again played the aristocratic dodge or baby act, refusing to as- sist in any of the arduous work, most of which fell upon the Virginia regiment, Washington setting the example by leaving his own baggage behind and using his horse for a pack animal. On the first day of July, they reached Great Meadows and at once com- menced to strengthen Fort Necessity for the fray. It was at first intended to go on to Wills Creek but on reaching the Great Meadows, Washington saw that it would be impossible for them to go further, as the men were worn- out and could no longer drag the guns or carry their equipment. Besides, some of the troops had been eight days without bread and only a few bagg of flour were found at the Great Meadows, or Fort Necessity. Here they hoped for reinforcemments and supplies but, alas, they never came. A description of this fort is not essential to this stroy as descriptions are many and varied. Perhaps the best is that in Veech's " Monongahela of Old. " In the meantime while Washington was preparing to defend himself at Fort Necessity, a force of about five hundred French and a number of Indians had left Fort Duquesne under command of M. Coulon de Villiers, who, by the way, was a half-brother of M. de Jumonville who had been killed only a short time before as has been related, and were making their way up the Monongahela river. On the 30th of June they reached the Hanguard at the mouth of Redstone. Here they left some of their stores under a sufficient guard and then pressed on to the Great Meadows where they arrived on the 3d of July. According to history, the French camped at Gist's on the night of July second and arrived at Fort Necessity about eleven o'clock on the morning of the third, thus covering the distance between Gist's and Fort Necessity in about five hours while it took Washington and his forces two days to cover the same distance in their retreat a few days before. At any rate Fort Necessity was attacked by the French and Indians on the third of July from the wooded heights near the fort. Fighting was kept up all the remainder of the daj' and up till abotit eight o'clock at night or in the evening, when with the deadly fire of the French and Indians and the incessant downpour 12 General Braddock's Disastrous Kxpedition of rain it was found useless to continue the conflict any longer, negotiations for the surrender of Washington were commenced under a flag of truce, and concluded and signed about midnight amid a downpour of rain and with the dim and flickering light of a tallow dip. On the morning of the fourth of July Washington and his force marched out of the fort and made their way back to Wills creek. This was the first and the last time that Washington ever surrendered to an enemy and as a strange coincidence it occurred on the day that 22 years later became the greatest day in American history, the great and glorious Fourth of July. As soon as Washington had left Fort Necessity, the French took possession of it and proceeded to demolish the work and to break the cannon the British had left behind. They then returned to Gist's destroyed the works that Washington had thrown up there, burned all the houses within their reach, came on to the mouth of Redstone where they embarked for Fort Duquesne after destroying the Hanguard. They also destroyed everything in their reach as they went down the river and reached Fort Duqtxesne July 7th. GENERAL BRADDOCK'S DISASTROUS EXPEDITION. The news of Washington's defeat at Fort Necessity set England to think- ing and it was then that Braddock's invasion of the territory west of the Alleglienies which after Washington's defeat was entirely in the hands of the French, took place. For the preparations for Braddock's expedition and the details of the same, we refer the reader to Ellis' history of Fayette County, Veech's "Monongahela of Old," and "Frontier Forts of Western Pennsylvania," by George Dallas Albert. To preserve the connection of this story, however, we will give a synopsis of Braddock's movements. It was resolved by the English to reclaim the valleys of the Allegheny and Monongahela at whatever cost and they at once set about to do this. It was further determined to make the force a formid- able one for that day, and accordingly General Braddock was ordered to sail from Cork, Ireland for America to take charge of the expedition, which he did on the 14th day of January, 1755, with the two regular regiments, the Forty-fourth and Forty-eighth Royal regiments of Foot. These regi- ments were commanded respectively by Col. Sir Peter Halket and Col. Thomas Dunbar. All the preliminaries are set forth in Ellis' history of Fayette County. In this connection suffice it to say that after much preliminary work and no little display of "spleen" and lack of judgment on the part of General Braddock during which time he took every occasion to abuse the colonists, the forces arrived in the neighborhood of Fort Du- quesne and the famous battle of the Monongahela took place. The result was that when the English under Braddock were met between the mouth of Turtle creek and old Fort Duquesne, Braddock seeking to conduct the forces under his command on the principles of warfare on the plains of Europe, huddled his men all together in an open space while the French and Indians, very much after the order of the battle at Fort Necessity, assailed them General liraddock's Disastrous F!x])e(litioii 13 from ambiisli and killc-il llicni like slu'c]) in a rorral. Fourteen liundrcd and sixty Iroojis had fntrn-il tlu' tHrrst driili' undrr Hraddock on the ninth day of July, 17.")."). but only Uvc luuith'cd ami ri,i,'hty-thri'(.' I'sraj^'d imhurt, P'llis in his history of I'a\Hi [c (/omity sa\'s ; 'i'hc force.' which entered the fort-st dclile, \\as f(.iurleL'n hundi-ed ;md si.\t\- strong, including officers and ])ri\ates. Of this force, four lumdred and lifty- six were killed and four hundred and twenty-one wcjunded, making a total of eight hrmdred and sevcnty-se\-cn. Of eighty-nine commissioned officers, sixty-three were killed or wounded, including every officer abo\'e the rank- of ca])tain, except Colonel Washington. Of the captains, ten were killed and five were wounded. Of the lieutenants, fifteen were killed and twenty- two wounded. General Braddock had four horses shot under him and while mounting the fifth, received the fatal shot that resulted in his death four days later at Fort Necessity. Sir Peter Halket who was next in com- mand to General Braddock, was killed outright, while Washington had three horses shot from imder him. A number of women and officers' servants were also killed and scalped but it is said that ex'ery wagoner esca])ed. General Braddock's papers including orders, instructions, etc., about one hundred beeves, and the army chest containing about $1 ()().()()(). were also cajitured. The defeated and demoralized forces of Braddock returned over the course fhey had taken, reaching the Great Meadows and encamping near Fort Necessity on the night of the 1.3th of July, where General Braddock who had been brought with the retreating army by several of his faithful officers among them Washington, died at about eight o'clock. This was Stmdav night and about daybreak next morning the General was l:)uried. When the soldiers broke camp, the line of march was directly over the new-made grave so as to obliterate all traces of it and thereby prevent its desecration by the savages who were supposed to be in pursuit. We may l:)c excused here for digressing sufficiently to say that the conduct of Colonel Dunlxu" was to say the least. re]:)rehensiblc. While it seems that in after years he claimed that General Braddock who was then in the throes of death (July 1 1th) gave the orders for the destruction of all munitions of war and in fact e\-erything that could not be carried, and a precijiitous retreat be made to Fort Cumberland, there is no doubt that the order was issued by Dunbar. At any rate it was done, and as it is recorded, there was never in the annals of history, a more disgraceful scene enacted than that rout. Imagine about 1,000 soldiers with plenty of provisions and ammunition, located where they could have made an almost impregnable defense, fleeing from a much smaller force that was miles away and in fact going in an opposite direction, and you have the pictin-e that was enacted in what is now Wharton township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, July 14, 1755. All these things have been related here in the beginning because wdiat is now Faj-ette County w^as virtually the center of action and many who took part appear conspicuously in the subsequent history of the county. IJ^ General Forbes' Expedition GENERAL FORBES' EXPEDITIOx\— FRENCH ABANDON FORT DUQUESNE. The rout of Braddock as herein briefly related, left the French in absolute possession of all territory west of the Allegheny mountains. They came to Dunbar's camp several weeks after he had left it and destroyed whatever they found which was certainly not much, and within sixty days there was not left in all this section a settler or trader not friendly to the French. "Braddock's Grave," in Wharton township, a few rods north of the National Road and about two miles from Fort Necessity, is supposed to be the last resting place of the brave but indiscreet General Braddock, but there is no certainty about it. It does appear that in 1812 while a party of men were excavating for the National Road in that section, they exhumed parts of a human skeleton and some military trappings! These were supposed to be the remains of General Braddock. Some ^of the bones were carried away by relic hunters but it seems were afterwards collected by Abraham Stewart, father of Hon. Andrew Stewart, who had charge of the men who dug them up, and in 1820, reinterred at the spot now known as " Braddock's Grave." The taking of Fort Duquesne by the advance guard of General Forbes' troops commanded by Col. George Washington, or rather the abandon- ing of it by the French on the approach of the English, on the 25th of No- vember, 1758, its destruction by the retreating foe and the subsequent build- ing of Fort Pitt within a few hundred yards of the site of Fort Duquesne, are not matters directly connected with this work, hence we pass them over at a glance. The next step in this synopsis will be the colonial history of what is now Fayette County. MOUNDS AND MOUND-BUILDERS— REDSTONE OLD FORT. Between the events related in the preceding pages and the formation of Fayette County in 1783 or perhaps more properly speaking, February 17, 1784 (for the cotinty lines as formed or established in 1783 were extended in 1784), there transpired many things that will be of interest to the readers of this book, and with these we will now deal. In doing this, however, we will have to go back into the dim aisles of the ages, first; back to a date' perhaps, when the foundations of the pyramids were not yet laid, and how far back of that no history has ever told nor is there any other record save the mounds the builders left behind them. Certain it is that some time subsequent to the glacial period a strange people inhabited this part of North America. It may have been long before there was a sign of civilization on the plains of Babylonia. The first existence of human beings or perhaps more properly speaking, the first communities of human beings seem to have made their appearance on the earth about the time that the diluvial rivers of the northern hemisphei-e subsided into their present, or approximately, their Mounds and ^Moinid-r.uildcrs 15 Old Relic of Monnd-builders present channels, and that, according to the best information obtainable, was fully twenty-five thousand years ago. Those jjcople who first left, or rather, established records of their lives and works whether tribal or national, were the Egyptians in the \-alley of the Nile, the later Babylonians, and the Chinese along the Hoang-Ho. Btit while all this was being done in what is to Its the Old World, there is no reason to believe that there were not like signs of life and progress here in what is now called the New World. At any rate, it is not taxing the imagination too much to concltide that while the Children of Israel were making bricks without straw, under the lash of the Egyptian taskmasters, the progeny of the mound-builders, were gather- ing shells along the verdant shores of some placid water, to use with clay in making the pottery found in the only other records, the mounds, that this ancient people left behind them. There is every reason to believe that ages elapsed during the building of these mounds. It would be hard to find shells enotigh along the banks of the Monongahela river now to do much in the line of making pottery and the probability is that when the mounds that now mark Fayette County, were built, the waters of the Gulf of Mexico were laving the foothills of the Alle- ghenies in this latitude and the foothills of the Rockies as well, or that neither the Alleghenies nor Rockies existed. Gradvially receding during seem- ingly interminable ages, the great Mississippi valley, the great plains west of the Mississippi and the arid deserts of the west, were laid bare, and this 16 Redstone Old Fort ancient civilization no doubt followed the receding waters for many cen- tviries, gathering shells for their pottery and building their mounds. The fact that some of the mounds stand on high ground and some on low, is no indication that they were not all on a level at the time they were built. The internal disturbances of the earth during the centuries that ha^•e passed since these mounds were built will readily account for this Upon this hypothesis, one we have never heard advanced, it is easy to believe that they were built close to what was then the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, and were built to protect their builders against high tides or just such waves as recently rolled in and destroyed Galveston. There is another thing that bears out this theory and that is that there has never been discovered in any of these mounds, a trace of anything that would show a most primitive knowledge of navigation. They had no need to cross the streams that were slowly forming in the valleys, if indeed there were valleys then, or if they had, these streams were at that time so small that they could easily cross them without other means than that with which nature endowed them ; they had no foe from which to flee nor whom to pursue; they had no knowledge of the world beyond the waters, a world that in fact was at that time as primitive as the one in which they lived ; they had no need for means of na\-igation, no desire to ]>iercc beyond the \'eil that hung upon the great waters they were following down the earth. Therefore, is it not possible that the beautifull valleys through which these rivers now flow, were very shallow bays or inlets on the shores of which these mounds were built and that their builders for ages followed the receding waters, building their mounds as some great storm or high tide indicated a necessity for them, making their crude utensils from the shells of the shore and finally from their own inactivity and from non-coinpetition, or ennui, went out with the last tide and ceased to be ? There is not a:nong all the relics taken from these mounds, an implement of war; they had no competition, they fought no battles, there was no strife and no need of protection save against the ebbing and the flowing of the tide, and against this they built their mounds. Having no foe to face, no need of energy and no victory to gain, existence itself became the burden that crushed them and the hand of time wiped them from the face of the earth which is a field for action, centtiries before another race of people came tipon the scene. The relics of these ancient mound-builders in Fayette County are numer- ous but of no material importance to the history of the county, except that in some instances they ha\-e been used by the early settlers in which or on which to build their early settlers' forts, and in some instances, military forts, as was the case when Col. J. Burd, in the fall of 1759 built Fort Burd on the site of Redstone Old Fort at or near where the Bowman mansion now stands, and whose parajjct may be seen from far up and down the Monongahela river. This mound, known as Redstone Old Fort or Fort Old Redstone, was one of the largest and most important in Fayette County and requires no description here. It has been described and illustrated in almost e\-ery history 18 Conditions of Penn's Charter that has ever been ptibhshed of Western Pennsylvania. Suffice is to say, however, that it was so well known that notwithstanding Colonel Burd gave his name to the fort he had built, the name Old Fort or Redstone Old Fort, has ever clung to it. But the cause that led to the building of Fort Burd, is of inore interest and more directly concerns this story than does the fort or its dimensions. When the English had finally expelled the French from this section of the country and had taken possession of it, the next thing for them to do was to prepare to hold it and this could not be done without forts properly garrisoned, as bases of supplies, and roads over which soldiers could march or merchandise be transported, hence Fort Btird was built as an inter mediate station between Fort Cumberland and Fort Pitt, the latter having been hastily constructed the previous year after the destruction of Fort Duquesne. The opening of the road from Cumberland through to Wheeling, and the contemporaneous and subsequent history has been told so often and so well in Elhs' "History of Fayette County," in "Old Westmoreland" by Edgar W. Hassler, in "The Monongahela of Old" by James Veech and in "The Old Pike" by T. B. Searight, that we need not repeat it here. However, the people who came here during this time and settled in what is now Fayette County, the development of the country, its commercial and social interests, are of more interest and of these we will write. CONDITIONS OF PENN'S CHARTER. That the reader may more fully comprehend the following, a backward glance may not be out of order at this point. Notwithstanding that the charter of Pennsylvania, granted William Penn by Charles II of England, in 1681, virtually conveyed the land to him and his heirs in fee simple, there being, it is true, a stipulation that the Penns should pay to the crown two beaver skins annually and one-fifth of the gold and silver ore, it is well known that it was always the poHcy of Penn to buy the land of the Indians who occupied it, before allowing or at least sanctioning settlements on it. WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA BOUGHT OF SIX NATIONS. This is how it came that in November, 1768 at Fort Stanwix, N. Y., the Penns bought of the Six Nations, the following land in southwestern Penn- sylvania: "All lands lying within a boundary line extending from Canoe Point, on the west branch of the Sesquehanna river, west by north to the site of the Indian town called Kittanning, on the Allegheny river, thence down along the Allegheny and the Ohio rivers to the western limits of the province, while its western and southern boundaries were to be the western and southern boundaries of the " Province, " then not definitely known, but which are now defined bv the state line. William Penn 20 Settlement of Western Pennsylvania SETTLEMENT OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. Up until 1771 all this territory was included in the county of Bedford. During these years the population grew very fast, west of the mountains, and particularly during 1772, so that the seat of county eovernment wi'.s getting too far from too many people and those west of the mountains com- menced to clamor for a new county just as many in Pennsylvania and in many other states are still doing. There was just as much opposition to cut- ting up this \'ast county then as there is now to cutting up the larger cotmties of the state, bvit it was done, nevertheless. There was also another factor that assisted the settlers in their demand for a new county and that was the fact that in 1772 the British troops were withdrawn from Fort Pitt which necessitated a stronger and closer civil organization. Accordingly on Friday February 26, 1773, the county of Westmoreland was formed Vjv the Assenibly of the Province of Pennsylvania by an act signed by Lieutenant Governor Richard Penn. This was the eleventh county erected under the proprietary government. INFLUENCE OF THE OHIO COMPANY— GIST'S PLANTATION It was through the Ohio Company that many were induced to come over the mountains and it seems that most of these settled within the confines of Fayette Covmty. The Ohio Company was formed by Thos. Lee, a Mr. Hanbury, Lawrence and John .Augustine Washington, brothers of George Washington and about ten others. The object of this company as before stated, was to checkmate the settlements of the French and to form permanent English settlements. The objective point of these settlers was Fort Pitt and their course to that point led them directly through Fayette County. The operations of this company brought into this county, as their agent, Christo- pher Gist who seems to have been the next permanent settler after the Browns. We find Mr. Gist here located at what is now Mt. Braddock as early as 1753 when Washington made his ti'ip to Fort LeBoevif. and being already estab- lished then at Mt. Braddock, he must have landed there as early as 1752. Gist's place was located in what is now Dunbar township near the line of North Union township. Gist called his place or plantation as they were wont to call these settlements, " Monongahela. " According to the best information we can gather, he had with him at that time, his two sons, Richard and Thomas and his son-in-law, William Cromwell. It also appears that he induced a number of other families to settle about him, probably those whom Washing- ton met on his return from Fort LeBoeuf and who were no doubt en route to Fort Pitt. Judge Veech in his ' Monongahela of Old" says that there is some doubt as to these settlers being at or around Gist's, but that from the notes of the French commander, Dc Villicres who after destroying Fort Necessity, says that he ordered all the houses round about Gist's to be destroyed, he is inclined to believe that they were there. Col. James Paull whose father, George Paull, was early upon the scene and intimate with Gist, says that he never heard of these families, but Judge Veech adds that inasmuch as Colonel Westniorelaiul Coiintv Formed 21 Paiill was not l)i)rn till six yrars aftrr the (k'slructidii of Fort Necessity and his father ilid not eonie into this section till after that, the families inight well have been located thi-re and he not hear of it. WESTMORELAND COUNTY FOR.MED. ^^'hen Westmoreland County was created it included all of the Pro\inee west of the Laurel Hill, vaguely called Southwestern Pennsylvania. It in- cluded the present counties of Westmoreland, Fayette, Greene, Washington, that part of Allegheny and Beaver counties south of the Ohio river, abovit two- thirds of the county of Indiana and one-third of the county of Armstrong. Its area was about 4,700 square miles. Many Scots came from the Cumberland valley and other points east of the motm tains and made their homes in the Ligonier Valley and all along the hne from there to Pittsburgh. These were triie to Pennsyh'ania frc^ri which Pro\-ince they had obtained their grants. Other Scots came across the mountains from the \-alley of Virginia and settled along the Monongahcla. the Voughiogheny and along Chartiers creek in what is now Washington county. These latter believed that the land upon which they settled was in the Old Doininion as it had not yet been determined how* far west Penn- sylvania extended. This dispute of boundary is a matter of history that need not be repeated here suffice is to say that it resulted in no end of trotible and led to the troublesome Mason and Dixon Line with the history of which all readers are familiar. DIVISION OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY. However this vast territory was not destined long to remain as West- moreland County. March 28, 1781 Washington County was created from Westmoreland County territory and February 17, 17S4, Fayette County as before stated was trimmed off Westmoreland. Her domain was again invaded September 24, 1788 when Allegheny County was formed, a part of Washington Comity being pressed into service to f(.)rm the now famous county of Allegheny. The next year a little more was taken from Wash- ington County and added to Allegheny. The next division of the broad ex- panse originally Westmoreland County, was w'hen on the 9th day of February, 1796, Greene County was carved out of Washington, Init in 1802 a part of Greene was rettirned to Washington. Again on the 2t)th day of March, 1800 Beaver County was erected from parts of Washington and Alle- gheny. This was the last change made and what was left of Westmoreland as well as the counties formed from its original territory, have since re- mained as they were then. Long before any real permanent settlements were made in what is now Fayette County, before the first expedition of Washington or of Braddock, Frenchmen had come into this part of the country and intermarrying with the Indians had formed villages at various points. Among these villages was said to be one on George's Creek in what is now George's township. 22 First Settlers in Fayette County They were not permanent settlers, however, and whence they eame or whither they went, is not definitely known. There is really no absolute certainty as to who the first acttial settlers of Fayette County were. We can only quote from the various compilation of facts or alleged facts that we have at hand and that come to us by tradition. Judge Veech who is probably the best atithority, says that Wendell Brown and his two sons, Manus and Adam with possibly a third son, Thomas, were the first actual settlers in what is now Fayette County and that they first settled in Province Bottom just below Jacobs Creek in what is now Nicholson town- ship, in 1751-2. They were afterwards led to abandon this location by the Indians who persuaded them to select a location where now some of their descendants still reside and which is near the mouth of Redstone. It is said that when Washington was at Fort Necessity, they furnished him provisions but Veech rather discredits this. FIRST SETTLERS IN WHAT IS NOW FAYETTE COUNTY. Early in 1753 we also find William Stewart located on the Youghiogheny at what was for a long time known as Stewart's Crossing but is now New Haven, in Dunbar township. In 1761 we find both William Colvin and William. Jacobs located on Red- stone near Fort Burd. About this time the settlements at Redstone, Gist's, Turkeyfoot and on the Cheat, commenced to grow rapidly. These were all under the impression that the land on which they were settling was within the domain of Virginia. It was at this time that the controversy came up as to what Province the land belonged or rather as to who had jurisdiction over it, because it seems that both the Province of Virginia and Pennsylvania conceded that it as yet belonged to the Six Nations. Prior to the influx from the east, the Indians had been committing no end of depredations on the western border, btit the chastisement that General Bouquet gave them on the Muskingum over in what is now Ohio, brought them to their senses and the security that followed accounted for the rapid growth of the above-named settlements. ATTEMPT TO REMOVE THE FIRST SETTLERS. Howexer the holders of real estate in Fayette County were compelled to do more fighting for their possessions. They found that the savages were not the only ones that wished to dispossess them. About this time the King of England through the Governor of the Province of Virginia, made an effort to stop further settlements in Fayette Covmty and to remove those who had already settled. This was done on the grounds that the Indians were com- plaining of encroachments, whether with or without foundation, we will leave to the closer student of history, but it seems from information at hand that The Mason and Dixon Line 23 the King and the Governors were making more Iroubk' than the savages just then, as will he seen later on. At any rate Captain Alex. Mackay with a de- tachment of troops, was sent to Fort Btird to order the settlers away. Very few of them left, however, and the mihtia soon withdrew This was in ITdr). However, in ITdT troops were again sent to Fort Burd to warn settlers out of the forbidden territory and this time many were actually dri\'en away but as soon as the troojis were withdrawn, they returned. They seemed determined to stay with the soil of old Fayette County or what afterwards became Favette Count v. THE MASON AND DIXON LINE — PENNSYLVANIA AND VIRGINIA. The extension of the Mason and Dixon line to the second crossing of Dunk- ard Creek driring 1767 disclosed the fact that this territory was in Pennsyl- vania and not in Virginia, and the Governor of Pennsyh'ania then issued an ironclad proclamation threatening death without even the solace of a clergy- man, to those who did not \'acate. To ex])lain the law and the ultimatum, Governor Penn sent Rev. Captain Steele of the Presbyterian chiu-ch of Car- lisle, Cumberland Cotmty, John Allison, Christopher Lewis, and Captain Porter, into the valleys of the Monongahcla, A^oughiogheny and Redstone. These gentlemen held a meeting at Fort Burd or near it, March 27, 17G7, at which they read the Governor's proclamation and explained the reasons for it but just about this time a number of Indians came on the scene as representa- tives of their great men and said that the settlers should not go till the con- clusion of a treaty then ]_iending. This virttially settled it and the settlers did not go. Another meeting was held at Gist's, however, Ijut with no better results and shortly afterward the commissioners rettrrned home. In their report of the mission, they gave the names of the settlers at the different points which as it shows virtually the entire population or the heads of families then in Fayette County, we here append the list as it appears in Ellis' Historv of Favette Countv. LIST OF SETTLERS AT REDSTONE OLD FORT, GIST'S, TURKEY- FOOT. "The names of inhabitants near Redstone: — John Wiseman, Henry Prisser, William Linn, Willianr Colvin, John Vcrvalson, Abraham Tygard, Thomas Brown, Richard Rogers, Henry S\vatz (Swartz), Joseph McClean, Jesse Mar- tin, Adam Hatton, John Verwall, Jr., James Waller, Thomas Douter (Douthet who owned a part of the site of Uniontown), Captain Cobvirn, John Delong, Peter A'oung, George Martin, Thomas Down, Andrew Gudgeon, Philip Sute, James Crawford, John Peters, Michael Hooter, Andrew Linn, Gabriel Conn, John Martin, Hans Cook, Daniel McKay, Josias Crawford, one Province." "The names of some who met irs at Giesse's (Gist's) place: — One Bloom- field (probably Brownficld), James Lynn, Ezekiel Johnson, Richard Har- rison, Phil Sute, Jed Johnson, Thomas Geisse (Gist), Charles Lindsay, James 24 List of Settlers at Redstone Old Fort Wallace (Waller), Henry Burkman, Lawrence Harrison. Ralph Hicken- bottom. " Names of the people at TurkeyFoot: — Henry Abrahams, Ezekiel DeWitt, James Spencer, Benjainin Jennings, John Cooper, Ezekiel Hickman, John Enslow, Henry Enslow, Benjamin Pvirsley. " In a supplemental report, Steele set forth the fact to the Governor that the people at Redstone alleged that the removal of them from the unpurchased lands was a scheme of some gentlemen and merchants at Philadelphia to get hold of the lands as soon as the purchase was made from the Indians and thus get the benefits of the im]n-ovements they had made. He cited the fact, in confirmation of their opinions, that they said a gentleman named Harris in company with another named Wallace and one named Friggs, the latter a pilot, had spent considerable time that summer in viewing the lands and creeks thereabouts. Continuing, the Rev. Mr. Steele said: "I am of the opinion from the appearance the people made, there arc about an hundred and fifty families in the different settlements of Redstone, Youghiogheny, and Cheat." This estimate was intended to include all the settlers in what is now Fayette County and the, about eight, families on the east side of the Youghiogheny at Turkey Foot. It will be noticed that the list of these commissioners did not include many settlers who are known to have been here and to have been of more than ordinary prominence. Among them may be named Christopher and Richard Gist, W^illiam Cromwell, William Stewart of the "Crossings," Captain William Crawford, who had been settled near the ' 'Crossings' ' for about three years; Htagh Stevenson, on the Youghiogheny; Martin Hardin (father of Colonel John Hardin), on Georges Creek; John McKibben, on Dun- lap's Creek, and others. About a month after the commissioners had met with tlic people at Red- stone and at other places in this vicinity, they met with the government's agents and representatives of the Six Nations in what is now Pittsburg and made a desperate effort to get the Indians to join them in ordering the whites from their homes here in Fayette County, but it seems that the Indians had more honor in the matter than the government representatives and finally absokitely refused to have anything to do with it, telling the government's agents and representatives that they did not desire the white settlers driven from their homes because they would only comeback as soon as the govern- ment had bought the lands from them (the Indians) and then would not feel kindly towards them for having taken part in driving them away. Thus ended the effort to expel the settlers from their chosen domain. ,9 G"Z) Fayette County History Growth of Population — Organization of Courts — First County Offi- cials AND Attorneys — Present County Officials — Present At- torneys OF Fayette County— The Poor Farm — Names and Number OF Townships and When Erected — First Coal Discovered and Used IN Fayette County — First Manufacture of Coke — Iron Industry in Fayette County — Various Societies — Geology of Fayette County. GROWTH OF POPULATION. From 17(t7 to the erection of the county in 17S3 the increase of population in the county or in what is now Fayett Count)-, was phenomenal. This w-as partly due to the fact that it was directly on the line of travel from Cumber- land to Fort Pitt or what is no^v Pittsburg, and because what is now Fayette County, was singularly free from the incursi(_)ns of the Indians that committed so many and such atrociovis depredations in other sections of what was then Westmoreland County, particularly that portion east of the Monongahela river. There were also other causes among them the fact that the country abounded in game, in springs and streams of |.)ure water, the soil is rich and last, but by no means least, becatise the men who settled here first were men of energy and ability and their judicious enthusiasm was contagious. The lines of Fayette County as established in 1783, were extended in 1784 to include all that portion of the present county that lies north and east of the Yotighiogheny river. Immediately after the organization of the county there was consideral:)le trouble about the coUectitMi of the taxes that had already been levied when the county was formed. It was ruled that these taxes should be collected and paid into the treasury of Westmoreland County. This trouble was most manifest in what is now Menallen townshij^ and in the cotmtry along Georges Creek. All these things, however, were more the result of the transition from the free-and-easy methods of frontier life to the more circumspect man- ner of civil procedure than anything else and soon disappeared. SLAVERY AND SERVITUDE IN FAYETTE COUNTY. Of the people who emigrated from the east to settle west of the Lavirel Hill prior to 1780, a large proportion were from Virginia and Maryland, and many of those who had held slaves east of the mountains brought those slaves with them to their new homes in the west, for at that time the laws of Pennsyl- vania recognized and tolerated the "])eculiar institution" as fully as did those of Virginia. Among these were the Crawfords. Stevensons, Harrisons, 26 Slavery in Fayette Count}' McConnicks, Vance, Wilson, and others. A most distinguished (though non- resident) holder of bondmen in Fayette County was George Washington, whose improvements on his large tract of land in the ]jresent township of Perry near Perryopolis were made principally by their labor. Frequent al- lusions to these "servants" are found in letters addressed to Coloiiel Washington in 1774 and 1775 by Valentine Crawford, who resided on Jacob's Creek, and acted as general agent in charge of Washington's lands and affairs of improvement in this region. On the first of March, 1780, the General Assembly of Pennsylvania passed "An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery, " which provided and declared "That all persons, as well as Negros, and Mulattoes as others, who shall be born within the State from and after the passing of this act, shall not be deemed and considered as servants for life or slaves; and that all servitude for life or slavery of children in consequence of the slavery of their mothers, in the case of all children born within this State from and after the passing of this act as aforesaid, shall be and hereby is titterly taken away, extinguished, and forever abolished. Provided always, and be it further enacted. That every Negro and Mulatto child born within this State after the passing of this act as aforesaid (who would in case this act had not been made have been born a servant for years, or life, or a slave) shall be deemed to be, and shall be by virtue of this act, the servant of stich person, or his or her assigns, who would in such case have been entitled to the ser\4cc of svich child, until such child shall attain unto the age of twenty-eight years, in the inanner and on the conditions whereon servants bound by indenture for four years are or may be retained and holden." The passage of the law for the gradual abolition of slavery in Pennsylvania was very offensive to most of those who had come into this region with their servants from the other side of Mason and Dixon's line. It has been said (but with how mtich of truth is not knoAvn) that General Washington was greatly displeased by the enactment, and the story even goes so far as to as- sert that he regarded it as a personal affront, and that this was the cause of his disposing of his real and personal property in Fayette County. How- ever this may have been, it is certain that a large proportion of the Virginians and Marylanders who had settled with their slaves west of the Laurel Hill be- came so incensed at the adoption of this measure, and the establishment at about the same time of the boundry line, by which, to their surprise, they found themselves in Pennsylvania and not within the bounds of Virginia, as they had supposed, that they sold out their possessions in the Monongahela country and removed with their slaves to the Southwest. This was one of the principal causes for the commencement of the very extensive emigration from this section of the country to Kentucky, which set in about 1780, and continued during a succeeding period of ten or fifteen years. Among the number of residents of Fayette County who registered slaves under the requirements of the law of 1780 are found the following-named persons : Edward Cook, registered Oct. 12, 1780, seven slaves, viz: James, aged 45; Sail, 35; Davy, 24; Josvia, 22; Esther, 17; Nelly, 10; and Sue, 1 year. Courts Ort^anized — iMrst Attorneys 27 Zachariah Cunncll, Oct. 2S, 17- Home Nothing is found showing the action taken by the sheiiff in pursuance of the notification. On the 12th of December, 1823, "the Poorhouse Directors met to estimate the expense of erecting the poorhouse and of keeping the poor for one year, " and on the 7th of January next following, the Directors pvirchased from Peter McCann a tract of land for a poor farm. The tract contained one hundred and thirteen acres and ninety-nine perches, situate on the National Road, northwest of Union town, in Union township, near its western boundary. On the 26th of April following, an order for one thotisand dollars was issued in favor of William Livingston, Frederick Shearer, and Isaac Core, Directors of the Poor, to be by them applied to the erection of a hotise upon the poor farm. August 14th in the same year another order of the same amount was issued by the Commissioners to the Directors of the Poor, " to be appropriated in paying for the poorhouse thereon." A further sum of six hundred dollars w^as appropriated for the same purpose in 1825 '"for repairs and ad- ditions. " On the 2d of June, 1834, the poor farm was enlarged b}' the ])urchase from Alexander Turner for eight hundred and eighteen dollars of sixteen acres and sixty perches of land adjoining the original tract. The present poor house s on the original tract of land and is one of the finest structures for the purpose in the state. First Coal Used in I''avctle Countv 33 FIRST COAL USED IN FAYETTE COUNTY. As is well known, Fayette County embraces a part of the great Appalachian coal field and is rich in iron, limestone and fire clay. The great Pittsburg bed of coal vmderlies this entire section, that in the Connellsville basin being pectiliarly adapted for coke while that along the Monongahcla river, while it also makes the best of coke is sufficiently hard to bear shipping and millions upon millions of bushels of it are shipped by rail and river to the sovith. The first vise of coal west of the Allegheny mountains of which we have any authentic account is in a journal of Col. James Burd. The entry was made Saturday September 22, 1759 while in camp abtnit four and a half miles from the mouth of Dunlap's creek (Nemacolin creek) . He says : " The camp moved two miles to Coal Run. This run is entirely paved in the bottom with fine stone coal, and the hill on the south of it is rock of the finest coal I ever saw. I burned about a bushel of it on my fire." From this it is inferred that Colonel Burd was familiar with the use of coal and it is an accepted fact that coal was mined and -ased east of the AUeghenies, in Virginia, as early as 1750. But, of the untold millions of wealth that lay hidden beneath the rugged surface of Western Pennsylvania and that has not reached the zenith of its development, neither Colonel Burd nor any one else for many years subseqvient, had the faintest conception. Even now the extent and value of this depository of nature is comprehended but by few, if in fact bv anv. COKE FIRST MADE AND USED IN FAYETTE COUNTY. Following the building of furnaces and rolling mills, came the discovery of the use of coke and as a result, that industry that has now made Fayette County, and particularly the Connellsville region, famous as well as rich, sprang up. The making of coke in the United States and in fact in the western hemi- sphere, originated in Fayette Cotuity, without doubt, and as before mentioned. Colonel Meason was in all probability the pioneer, though he made but little and used but little. IRON INDUSTRY IN FAYETTE COUNTY. The iron ore of Fayette Coimty early attracted attention and in fact the first iron that was produced west of the mountains was in Fayette County and from Fayette County ore. The blvie lump ore was the first discovered. This lies directly below the bed of the Pittsburg coal in the Connellsville basin. Other beds of ore were soon discovered, however, and it was not long till the county was dotted with furnaces that were the forerunners of the acres of seething furnaces and rumbling steel mills that now make the Monon- gahela Valley famous the world over. The first ftu-naces of Fayette County were of necessity small and for many vears used charcoal for smelting though Col. Isaac Meason used some 34 Iron Industry in Fayette County coke at his Plumsock furnace as early as 1817, and F. H. Oliphant run his Fairchance furnace with coke for a time as early as 1836, making a good grade of iron. The first iron furnace west of the Alleghenies was the Alliance Iron Works on Jacobs Creek and from court records must have been built prior to 1789. It is further evident that shot and shell were furnished General Anthony Wayne in his expedition against the Indians, by the Alliance Iron Works. The Alliance furnace was soon followed by Union Furnace, by Meason, Dillon & Co., Spring Hill Furnace, Hayden's Forge and Fairfield Furnace, Redstone Furnace, Fairchance Furnace, and many others. The first rolling mill in Fayette County, from the most authentic records, was erected by Jeremiah Pears, at Pkimsock in Menallen township. Exactly when it was built is not known but from court records it must have been built prior to 1794. It is conceded that the first puddling and rolling of bar iron west of the Allegheny mountains was done at this place after it became the property of Col. Isaac Meason. The mill was erected and put in operation by Thomas C. Lewis, a Welshman who had worked in rolling mills in Wales. It is related by his son Samuel C. Lewis that he visited many iron manufacturers in the cast and made every possible effort to induce them to erect mills for rolling bar iron, but without success. He then came west. At Conncllsville, he met Col. Isaac Meason who took kindly to the idea immediately, at once seeing the feasibility of the plans of Mr. Lewis. He entered into a contract with Mr. Lewis at a certain salary for three years with the proviso that if the mill proved a success he (Lewis) should be taken into partnership and should receive one- third of the profits. The place selected for the mill was at Upper Middletown, then better known as Plumsock, on Redstone Creek, about midway between Brownsville and Conncllsville, as Mr. Meason already had some forges there. The e'recting of that mill was attended with a great deal of difficulty, as pattern makers and molders were not very plenty, so that a great deal of this work fell on Mr. Lewis, who made nearly all the patterns. Taking everything into consider- ation, the mill was completed in a very short time, having been commenced some time in 1816, and started about September, 1817. His brother came over when the work was pretty well on, and as he was also a first-rate mechanic, helped the work on very much. An incident is given here, as showing the opposition he met with in the erection of this mill. Two ironmasters from Lancaster County, by the names of Hughes and Boyer, rode all the way on horseback, nearly two hundred miles, went to Mr. Meason, and tried to con- vince him that it was impossible to roll iron into bars. Mr. Meason told them to go and talk to Mr. Lewis about it, which they did, and told him it was a shame for him to impose on Mr. Meason, as it might ruin the old gentleman. Mr. Lewis replied to Mr. Hughes, "You know you can eat?" "Why, yes," he knew that. "Well, how do you know it?" He could not give a reason why, but he knew he could eat. "Well," says Mr. Lewis, "I will tell you how you know it — you have done it before; and that is why I know I can roll bar iron. I have done it before!" "Very well," said Mr. Hughes, "go ahead, and when you are ready to start let us know, and we will come Fayette County Agricultural Associations 35 and see the failure." According to jiromise they did come on, but left perfectly satisfied of its success. The persons engaged in starting the works -were Thomas C. Lewis, engineer; George Lewis, roller and turner; Sam Lewis, heater; James Lewis, catcher. Henry Lewis was clerk in the oi^ice. They were all brothers. James Pratt worked the refinery, and David Adams worked the pttddling furnace. It is not certain how long this first puddling and rolling mill continvied in o]K'ration, nor when its fires were finally extinguished. FAYETTE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL ASSOCL\TIONS. As the agricultiuist was the lirst to recijrd his name on the pages of the history of the county, so he was among the first to promulgate organiza- tions for the exhibition of products and the furthering of agricultural inter- ests. As early as 1822, we find the records of an agricultural association. Of this Ellis says, in his History of Fayette County, issued in 1SS2 : "The existence of a society for the promotion of agriculture in Fayette County over eighty years ago is proved by an entry in the records of the Com- missioners of date Sept. 2, LS22, at which time the board issued $150 to Hugh Thompson, Treasurer of the Society for the Promotion of Agriculture and Doniestic Manvifactures in Fayette County, which sum the said Society are entitled to receive out of the County Treasury agreeable to an Act of the General Assembly passed March 6, 1820.' ' Again March 10, 1823, we find in the Brownsville Western Register, an advertisement of Col. Samuel Evans, Secretary of the Agricultural So- ciet}', announcing the premiums to be awarded at the exhibition that year. In this advertisement it is stipttlated that articles must have been manu- factured in Fayette County otherwise they would not be entitled to premiums. No further notice is of record concerning this organization. The next record we find of any such organization is in 1852. This was formed in Jefferson Township and a fair was held on the farm of Robert Elliott. It seems that after this William Colvin of Redstone and citizens of Brownsville and Luzerene townships, conceived the idea of organizing a county association which they accordingly did and a fair was held on the farm of Eli Cope, Esq., near Brownsville. Along in 1857 or 1858 it seems that the various agricultural societies (several others had been formed in the meantime) combined and organized one at Uniontown. Fairs were held at or near Uniontown several times btit the Civil War seems to have broken up this society and the next organization of the kind we find was in 1869. The grounds of this were located on the farm of William Brit- ton above Brownsville, but it too, proved a faikire. Ten years later, or to be exact, July 21, 1S79, the Fayette County Agri- cultural Association was chartered by E. B. Dawson, Robert Hogsett, William Beeson, Josejjh M. Hadden, and John Snyder. 36 Fayette County Medical Society FAYETTE COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. The first medical society organized was known as the Union Medical Society and was organized some time prior to Oct. 9, 1809, because there appeared a notice in the Genius of Liberty, of that date calling a meeting of this society at the house of Mr. James Gregg in Uniontown, for Tuesday, the 7th day of November at 11 a. m. There appears no account of the meeting except that a committee that seems to have been appointed at the time makes a report vmder date of Sept. 1, 1810, in which it recommends a schedule of compensations for medical services. This report is signed by Robert D. Moore, Lewis Sweitzer, and Lewis Marchand. The Fayette County Medical Association was formed at a meeting of the physicians of the county, held for that purpose at the Town Hall in Uniontown, June 25, 1844. The physicians present were, Drs. Campbell, Stanley, John- son, Thompson, Roberts, Worrak, Miller, Fleming, Jones, Lindley, Robinson, Post, Fuller, Neff, Penny, Marchand, Lafferty, Fitter, Mathiot, and Shugart. Dr. Abraham Stanley was made chairman, and was assisted by Drs. Lindley and Campbell, the latter delivering the address. Dr. Smith Fuller and Dr. H. F. Roberts reported a constitution and by-laws which were adopted by the meeting. Among those who signed this document were Dr. Abraham Stanley of Bridgeport, and Drs. W. L. Lafferty and Lewis Marchand of Brownsville. Dr. Hugh Campbell was elected president; Dr. Smith Fuller, treasurer; Dr. A. H. Campbell, corresponding secretary; Dr. H. F. Roberts, recording secretary. The last record of this society is dated Dec. 19, 1844. Another medical society was organized in Brownsville, May IS, 1869. There were present at the organization of this society, Drs. J. S. Van Vorhees, W. H. Sturgeon, H. F. Roberts, W. P. Duncan, S. A. Conklin, J. B. Ewing, Knoz and Hazlet. Drs. Dtmcan, Ewing, Conklin and Sturgeon, submitted a constitution based on one of the Allegheny County medical society's, and by-laws were signed by the above-named physicians and the following ad- ditional ones: Dr. F. C. Robinson and Dr. B. F. Conklin. The first officers of this society were, Dr. Wm. S. Duncan, president; Dr. J. S. Van Vorhees, vice president; Dr. J. B. Ewing, recording secretary; Dr. H. F. Roberts, coi- responding secretary; Dr. W. H. Sturgeon, treasurer. At a meeting held the following July, the constitution was also signed by Drs. Lindley, FtiUer, Groonet, Phillips, Rogers, Patten, Mathiot, Carey, Finley, and Eastman. This organization still exists with a membership of 77. The names of the pi^esent officials are, Drs. George O. Evans, President; Wm. H. Means, Vice President; Levi S. Gaddis, Secretary and Treasurer: John D. Sturgeon, Assistant Secretary. The stated times of meeting are the first Tuesdays of January, April, July and October, at Uniontown. Pa. Geologv of Fayette County Geological Location of Fayette County — The Great Connellsville Basin — The Monongahela Basin — Lower Productive Coal Meas- ures — Laurel and Chestnut Ridges — Something About the Geo- logical Structure — The Laurel Ridge Anticlinal — The Upper Barren Series — Economic Geology of Fayette County — The Great Coke Industry — Horizon of Iron Ore in Fayette County — Loca- tion AND Extent of the Connellsville Coke Region — Tabulated Coke Statistics. In Nelson's Biographical Dictionary and Historical Reference Book of Fayette County, we find the following condensed geological description of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, and also a brief sketch of the oil, gas, coal, iron and coke industries, that will prove interesting in years to come ; GEOLOGICAL LOCATION. "From Prof. J. P. Lesley's geological decsription of Fayette County in 1884 we condense the following: Fayette County lies in the second, third and foiurth bituminous coal basins of Pennsylvania. The second or Ligonier Valley basin, is lined with the lower productive coal measures, supporting numerous isolated hills of Barren measures, none of which are lofty enough to preserve the Pittsburg (Connellsville) coal bed. In the Youghiogheny river gaps is the Catskill (ix) , but containing Chemung fossils (viii) . On the Ijroad summit of Laurel Hill and Chestnut Ridge remain plates of the conglomerate, tifty to seventy feet high, composed of a friable whitish sand- stone, cleft in vast cubical masses, and weatherworn into shallow caves. The "Elk Rock" is near Connellsville, and the "Cow Rock" on the edge of the precipice is covered with Indian sculpture. THIRD OR CONNELLSVILLE BASIN. The third or Connellsville basin carries the Pittsburg bed four miles wide and thirty-three miles long through its center. It also carries the upper productive coal measure consisting of four principal coal beds and many massive limestone strata. In two or three places its small hilltops have preserved some of the LTpper Barren measures. THE FOURTH OR MONONGAHELA BASIN. The fourth or Monogahela basin occupies all the western townships, with a multitude of collieries on the Pittsburg bed facing the river pools. The 38 Lower Productive Coal Measures Upper Barren measures are in Jefferson, Redstone, Luzerene and German Townships, while the Washington County series are not well exposed and the Greene County series not preserved. LOWER PRODUCTIVE COAL MEASURES. The Lower Productive coal measures cover all the west half of the county. and so do the Lower Barren measures except along Redstone Creek at upper Middletown. The former are principally under ground, but where coming, up on the flank of Chestnut Ridge, they show five coal beds. The lower coal beds have not been much worked yet on account of the outcrop of the Pitts- burg coal bed. Important beds of iron ore lie at five different horizons in Fayette County, and have been mined a good deal for the use of local blast furnaces. (1) First five beds of lump and flag clay- iron-stone, within twenty-five feet txnder the Pittsburg coal bed; (2) two overlying the Mahoning sandstone at Lemont; (3) the local Norris, Jacobs Creek or Pridevale beds under the Mahoning sandstone ; (4) the Stanford on top of the conglomerate ; and (5), most important of all, the Honeycomb, Kidney and Red ores of No. XI, in the ravines of Chestnut Ridge. LAUREL AND CHESTNUT RIDGES. In the structural geology of Fayette Cotmty we find that the last two great viplifts of the Appalachian chain are marked by Laurel and Chestnut Ridges. A minor uplift parallel to Chestnut Ridge enters the county at the sovithwest and extends into Westmoreland County. It is known as Brush Ridge, has a thin soil, and is destitute of coal, which has been swept away. Between Laurel and Chestnut Ridges, is the first or Ligonier basin, which holds the two lower groups of the coal-bearing rocks. The second or Connellsville basin is between Chestnut and Brush Ridges and holds three groups of coal- bearing rocks. GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE. The geological structure of the county. Prof. John J. Stevenson states, helps to make it prominent as a producer of iron, coal and coke. Prof. Stevenson explains that the great fold of Chestnut Ridge has brought to light in Deep Creek cuts, rocks that are 2,500 feet below Uniontown, and thrown high above water level in deep ravines, on both sides, are important series of iron ores, that, had this fold been absent, the Connellsville coaking coal bed would have been 1,800 feet below Uniontown. He also explains that Brush Ridge is just as important as the other ridges, that it brings to light again the great coal bed sinking under the surface at the western base of Chestnut Ridge, and that in rising up to lose its own coal, brought to light the Pittsburg bed, which otherwise would have been 600 feet deep at Jennings Run, 1,400 feet at Searights, and 1,500 feet at Brownsville. That it also separates the coke and gas basins, and while it is the same bed on each side, Laurel Ri(ly,e Anticlinal 39 yet the physical structure is different, the partings in the coke field being irregular and thin, but in the gas coal field are regular and of slate. That in chemical composition the gas coal field has a larger increase of volatile matter, and while it prodtices good coke, yet it is recognized as a typical gas coal with no superior in the market. FINE BUILDING STONE. An excellent building rock is found in different parts of Fayette County, and especially at J^Ionroc where bluestone quarries are opened, and their products transported over a short branch railroad to the B. & O. road at Hutchinson Station. The systemic or structural geology of Fayette County, shows that its exposed, stratified rocks belong to the carboniferotis age, and the geological column which they form is about 2,750 feet in thickness, according to ex- posures along the three anticlinals and three synclinals of the three typo- graphical valleys of the county. LAUREL RIDGE ANTICLINAL. The Lavirel Ridge anticlinal is the eastern mountain boundary of the county and the Ligonier Valley, whose synclinal crosses Indian Creek near the motith of Laurel Run, the Youghiogheny between the mouths of Jona- than's and Bear Runs and the National Road, two miles west of Farmington. Next westward comes the Chestnvit Ridge anticlinal separating the Ligonier and Blairsville Valleys or troughs and the Blairsville synclinal crosses the Youghiogheny between Broad Ford and Connellsville, Redstone Creek at Uniontown and Cheat River near the Line Ferry. The Blairsville or Connells- ville trough, for its western boundary, has the Saltsburg anticlinal (sometimes called the Fayette County axis or Brush Ridge), which runs west of Flat- woods, and three miles west of Uniontown crosses Georges Creek near the Old Crow mill, and reaches Cheat river a short distance above its mouth. The next valley west, the Libston or Irwin trough, is but partly in Fayette County, and its synclinal crosses little Redstone near Red Lion, Redstone at Park's Mill, Dunlap's Creek a mile below the German Township line and the Monongahela river a mile from the mouth of Middle Run. Formations. Measures. Feet. XIII. The Coal Measures. 1. Upper Barren Series 236 2. Upper Productive Coal Scries 437 3. Lower Barren Series 491 4. Lower Productive Coal Series 313 XII. Pottsville Conglomerates (serai) 235 XI. Mauch Chunk Red Shale (Umbral) 200 X. Pocono Sandstone (Vespertine) S3S IX. Catskill (Ponent) Rocks Approximates 2,750 40 The Upper Barren Series THE UPPER BARREN SERIES. The Upper Barren Series are poorly represented in Fayette County, lying oricipally in the Libston trough. The Washington limes and coals are important, the Waynesburg and JoUytown coals almost wanting^ and its base, the Waynesbtirg sandstone, is over 70 feet thick. The sandstone forms a roof of the Upper Productive coal series, which contain the great Pittsburg coal bed with its Connellsville coking coal basin and forms a large part of the Libston and Blairsville troughs or valleys. The Washington, Waynesburg, Redstone, Sewickley and Uniontown coals and limes are present while the fishpot and great limestones are important. The Lower Barren series have the Pittsburg coal for a roof and the Mahoning Sandstone for a floor, and mark the course of the anticlinals by bands of poor soil, these series carrying the Little Pittsburg, Elk Lick, Berlin, Piatt, Coleman and Philson coal beds in the Ligonier Valley, varying from four to twenty-four inches, and the Barton and a couple of other twelve-inch coal in the Blairsville trotigh. They have the Morgantown sandstone and some valuable limes and fire clays. The Lower Productive coal series lie along the slopes of Chestnut and Laurel Ridges, and are between Lower Barren Shales and the Piedmont sandstone. These series carry the Upper and Lower Freeport and Kittanning coals and limestones, and the Clarion and B rook ville coals. Mahoning sandstone is the important rock, while the coal seams vary from one to five feet, and limestones and fire clays are good. The Pottsville (serai) conglomerate, is exposed on the slopes of Chestnut and Laurel Ridges and along the whole gorge of the Youghiogheny river in the Ligonier Valley. The Pottsville rests on the conglomerate, and carries the Mt. Savage coal bed in Wharton and Stewart Townships. The Mauch Chunk red shale (umbral rocks), are along Chestnut Ridge and the Youghiogheny river, and one of the series of rounded knobs of this series is Sugar Loaf moun- tain, south of Ohiopyle. Fragments of a coal bed exist, but its im- portant beds are the Mountain and Siliceous limes, the inountain increasing southwestward to ninety feet, and the Siliceous gaining northward until reaching fifty feet. The Pocono (Vespertine) sandstone forms nearly all the valleys of the streams in the Ligonier Valley and fringes the western base of Chestnut Hill Ridge; while the Catskill rocks appear in the deep movmtain gorges near Monroe, and on the Youghiogheny at the mouth of Indian Creek and where the river ct;ts through Laurel Hill Ridge. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY pF FAYETTE^,COUNTY. J In discussing the economic geology of Fayette County, Prof. J.J. Stevenson says: "The iron ores of Fayette County have played a great part in the history of iron manufacturing in America, and among the men who must be recognized as contributing both to the honor and the prosperity of the county one of the highest places must be assigned to Fidelio Hughes Oliphant ; while still a lad he practically revolutionized the process of refining iron at Fair- chance furnace, he was first of Americans to manufacture iron with coke as Horizons of Iron Ore in Fayette County 41 the fuel; at the same furnace he used the first hot blast; at the same furnace he first of all recognized the advantage of uliUzing tin' rurnace gases, and his was the plan of placing the engine house on the top of the stack — a cumbrous plan indeed, but sufficiently economical in the days of small furnaces. Fifty years ago the OU])hant iron was without superior in the county. " HORIZOxNS OF IRON ORE IN FAYETTE COUNTY. There are two important horizons of iron ore in Fayette Cotmty. 1. The coal ore, a persistent carbonate ore. 2. The mountain ore, an irregular but heavy yielding ore. The coal or upper groviptmderlies the Pittsburg coal bed, and is confined to the Connellsville basin, the northern part of Spring Hill Township and the Monongahela river north to Cat's Run. It has four beds, the Blue Lump, the Big Bottom, the Red Flag, and the Yellow Flag, whose combined thick- ness averages two feet within a vertical distance of twelve feet. A late estimate places the amount of coal ore yet unmined in the eastcni part of the basin at one hundred and eighty millions of tons. The coal ores contain from thirty to thirty-three per cent, of iron, and from 13 to 20 per cent, of phosphorus. The Blue Lump was the ore first discovered and worked west of the Allegheny mountains. The mountain (umbral) ore or lower group, is at the base of the column of the coal-bearing series, and lies in the underlying shales of the great con- glomerate. It underlies a large area on each side of Chestnut Ridge. It has four beds, the Little Honeycomb, the Big Honeycomb, the Kidney and the Big Bottom, which are irregular in thickness, and have many gaps, but yet average 2 feet 6 inches, and yield enormous amotmts of ore. The mountain ores contain from thirty-two to thirty-nine per cent, of iron, from .03 to .025 of phosphorus, and .08 to .04 of sulphur. A mixture of Blue Lump and mountain ores by F. H. Oliphant produced the famous Fairchance neutral iron of extraordinary strength which proved by test at Washington to l)e twice as strong as the standard. Iron ore, limestone and coking coal can all be fotmd in the same hill along the western base of Oiestnut Ridge, while but two miles away is a compact fire clay of excellent equality for oven bricks and fvirnace linings. The closeness of these ores, limestones and clay give great advantages to iron manufacturers in the Connellsville basin. LIMESTONE. "Limestone is abundant, though there are narrow strips running longi- tudinally through the country where no limestone is exposed. Thin beds only exist in the valley between Chestnut and Laurel Ridges, but an ample supply for all purposes can be obtained from the great mountain limestone which is exposed in deep hollows in the sides of both ridges. The great lime- stone is exposed also in the hollows along the western side of the Chestnut 42 Fire Clay— Oil and Gas Fields Ridge, and it has been quarried at many localities, especially in the northern part of the county. Some of these beds yield lime as white as the celebrated Louisville brand. Good lime is found nearly everywhere within the Connells- ville basin, in the hills covering the Pittsburg coal bed. This rock is in great part clean enough to be used as a fitix in the iron furnaces, but contains more or less oxide of iron, and therefore the lime is not pure white. The limestone exposed along the river and lying above the Pittsburg bed is thick, and some of it is very pure. It is quarried at more than one locality for shipment to Pitts- burg, where it is used in the manufacture of glass and iron. FIRE CLAY. "Fire clays are abundant in different parts of the county. An excellent plastic clay occurs at Greensboro and New Geneva, on the Monongahela river. It is employed largely in the manufacture of pottery, which has a high reputation, and can be found almost everywhere in the southeastern states. Good brick clay is abundant everywhere in the subsoil. An excellent non-plastic clay exists along the east slope of Chestnut Ridge, and lies not far above the great conglomerate. It is manufacttired into brickat Lemont, Mount Braddock, Dunbar, and on the Youghiogheny River above Connells- ville. The bricks are decidedly good, and but little, if at all, inferior to the bricks made at Motint Savage. Another non-plastic clay occurs in Henry Clay and Stewart Townships, and is the same with the celebrated Bolivar fire clay of Westmoreland County. No attempts have been made to utilize this clay here, but in chemical composition it approached closely to the Motmt Savage clay. " A good quality of lire clay is foimd along Chestnut Ridge and is now being shipped to some extent. Some of the thicker sandstone beds when crushed and washed give a fine plate glass sand, and the Pt. Marion and XJniontown glass works are using home sands. OIL FIELDS. Petroleum was fotind as early as 1845 at Brownsville, in a well which was being drilled for salt water. Gas came in at 786 feet and the oil was reached at the Dunkard Creek horizon. Prof. J. J. Stevenson states that the oil-bearing rocks of Fayette County are above water level in the deep creek cuts in Chestnut Ridge, and are 2,000 feet below the surface at Upper Middletown, and 2,500 feet at Brownsville. German Township seems to be the heart of Fayette County's main oil field, and a full account of its avcIIs may be found in the German Township chapter of Nelson's work. GAS FIELDS. The gas in Fayette County seems to accompany the oil, and the greatest productive gas fields surround Masontown and McClellandtown, and are fully described in the history of German Township which is so wonderfully rich with oil, gas and coal. Fayette County Klondike 43 COAL FIELDS. In the family of the carbons — diamond, graphite, coal, lignite and peat — the coal or "black diamond," is the most tisefvil member. American coals are classified as anthracite and bitmninous, and the latter consists of carbon, volatile matter, water and ash, its value depending largely upon the relative percentages of these elements in its physical strvicture. Bituminous coal is divided into classes, steaming and gas coals. Fayette County lies in the Appalachian or second of the seven great bittiminous coal fields of the United States, whose yearly output is 159,000,000 tons of coal prepared for con- sumption by a force of 250,000 men, and valued at $115,000,000. Fayette County really has three great coal fields or regions, the Upper Freeport bed and lower coal measvire of the Ligonier Valley, the Connellsville and kindred beds of the Pittsburg bed in the Blairsville valley, and the harder coals of the Pittsburg bed in the Libston Valley, while someone has classed them as the movmtain, the valley and the river coals. The Ligonier Valley coals have never been mined only for home consumption, but large bodies of coal on Indian Creek have been optioned. BITUMINOUS COAL FIELDS, The bitiiminous coal region of Pennsylvania is divided into ten mining districts, and the territory of Fayette County is included in the second, fifth and ninth of these districts. FAYETTE COUNTY KLONDIKE. Klondike is a name applied to the coal fields of German and Menallen. and parts of Georges, Nichols and Sovith UjiionJTywnsliips up the Mononga- hela river from the Three Towns, from a fancied resemblance of their sudden coal and coke development in 1S99 to the rapid development of the Alaskan gold fields of the Klondike district. Latenr forces not yet developed, un- known conditions and rapid and continual changes will make the writing of its history difficult for some time to come. It seems to be largely a western development of an eastern field, a Chicago invasion of Carnegie's Pittsburg fuel field and the utilizing of a coal for ftirnace coke that was formerly pro- nounced very inferior for that purpose. The Klondike east of Brush Ridge contains a considerable area of the Connellsville coking coal. COKE DEVELOPMENT IN FAYETTE COUNTY. Four great companies are developing the Klondike and now own over 12,000 acres of coking coal. W. J. Rainey's heirs, the National Steel Company, and the Continental Coke Company, are working the eastern Klondike, while the Federal Steel Company, through the Eureka Fuel Company, and the American Steel and Wire Company, through the American 44 The Pioneer Coke Company Company, are operating west of Brush Ridge or in the western Klondike, while a number of smaller companies are erecting works on small coal tracts throtighout the Klondike. THE PIONEER COKE COMPANY. The pioneer company in the western Klondike is the Federal Steel Company, whose main factor is the Illinois Steel Company and which acts through the Eureka Fuel Company, which was chartered Sept. 14, 1899, with a capital of $1,000,000, and whose officers are Charles H. Foote, president; T. J. Hyman, vice president; C. P. Parker, secretary and treasurer, and John P. Brennen, general manager. On August 3, 1899, they had bought 2,000 acres — the Dupuy and Hillman tracts — in Nicholson, German and Menallen Town- ships, for over $1,000,000, and afterwards added 4,000 acres more to these tracts. It is said that these companies selected these coal lands because the coal could be worked from the slope and without sinking shafts. Leckrone, on the farm of James Leckrone's heirs, and Footdale, named for the president of the company, are to be two of the four towns to be built with light and water system, and at which will be located the four great mining plants to be worked by electricity and compressed air. Each town will have five hundred houses and four hundred ovens, except Leckrone, where 1,000 ovens are to be erected. All the works on this nine-mile tract are to be supplied from a great 4,000,000 gallon reservoir, now being completed near McClelland- town, on the divide 1,000 feet high, by the Huron Water Company, organized Sept. 14, 1899, with a capital of $50,000, and having the same officers as the Eureka Fuel Company. A large pumping station has been completed at the mouth of Brown's Run, and double engines will pump the water for four miles through great mains into the reservoir from which pipes will carry it to the different works. The Eureka Fuel Company, by the Masontown and New Salem Railway, will connect with the Pennsylvania and B. & O. Railways, and thus gain an outlet for their product. The huge water plant will cost over $200,000, and the works over $2,000,000. AMERICAN STEEL AND WIRE COMPANY. Next in the Western Klondike was the American Steel and Wire Company, acting through the American Coke Company. They located on Middle Run and back of McClcllandtown, buying in October, 1899, nearly half a inillion dollars' worth of land, to which body they have added largely since, until they now have over 3,000 acres of coal. They have three great plants of over 400 ovens each, which are being built at the three new towns of Gates, Edenborn and Lambert, named for officers of the company. Gates is at the mouth of Middle Run, Edenborn south of it and Lambert some three miles up the stream. Shafts some 300 feet deep are being sunk to the coal and all modern methods of mining will be introduced by this great company. 46 The Coke Industry THE BESSEMER COMPANY. The Bessemer Company are building the Griffin coke works on Catt's Run, Reeder & Fitzgerald are erecting the Shamrock works east of New Salem, Kiester is building a coke plant at the head of Whippoorwill Valley in the north of Menallen, and numerous small companies have sectired considerable coal tracts on which to erect coke works. THE NATIONAL STEEL COMPANY. In the Eastern Klondike the National Steel Company was the pioneer of the whole bottom. Acting through the Continental Coke Company on May 8, 1900, it bought from J. V. Thompson and others 717 acres of coal lands in LTniontown stibtu-bs and South LTnion and Georges Townships at $1,000 per acre, and also took vip a previous purchase of 1,250 acres in Georges and German at $800 per acre. The company are erecting three great plants and three villages between Lhiiontown and Walnut Hill, which are now known as Continental No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3. THE W. J. RAINEY COMPANY. The W. J. Rainey Company in August, 1899, purchased from the S. W. Connellsville Coke Company the Revere coal tract of 1,132 acres in Georges, German and Menallen Townships, for $1,075,000, and are constructing a four- mile bi^anch railroad, a mile west of Uniontown, from the Coal Lick Run Rail- road to their Revere works, now in course of erection, with several hundred ovens. The company is also building a mining town, in the Eastern Klondike. Robert Snead was given a contract to put eight miles of wire fencing along the Coal Lick Run road and its branches. THE COKE INDUSTRY. Uncertainty marks the accounts of the few experimental coke ovens erected in Fayette County between 1830 and 1841 in which latter year the firms of Province McCormick, James Campbell and John Taylor, from sug- gestions of an Englishman', built two beehive ovens and made several hundred bushels of coke which they boated to Cincinnati, where they could not sell it, and bartered it off at almost a total loss. Two years later came Mordecai Cochran and his two nephews. Sample and James Cochran, and they were successful pioneers of coke manufacture in the Connellsville region, and the ultimate coke development of every coking coal region of the United States. They rented McCormick's two ovens and made twenty-four hour coke, which they introduced into the Cincinnati market, but had to wait for railroad transportation before building works upon an extensive scale. Tabulated Coke Statistics 47 THE CIVIL WAR RETARl)!':i) THE COKE INDUSTRY. TIk- Civil War also held back coke manufacture in tiie Connellsville region, which did not coiumence actively until 1871. By 1S76 there were 3,000 ovens in operation, three years later they numbered 4,000 and in lcS82 had increased to S,400 while in 1899 19,089 ovens had an output of over 1 0,000,000 tons of coke, which sold for over $20,000,000. Add to this the product of the thousands of ovens being erected in the Klondike and the possible works of the Ligonier Valley, and the twentieth century coke industry of Fayette County may reach in annual product value — the hundred-million-dollar mark. Veechsaid: " Coal, if not king, is becoming one of the princes of the land, and its scat of empire was the Monongahela Valley. ' ' Ellis added : " But if coal is mighty like Philip of Macedon,its offspring, coke, is like the mightier Alexander, and the seat of its empire is the Connellsville coal basin;" while now comes gas, the greatest offspring of coal, like the mightier Ca\sar. who ruled alike Philip of Macedon's home kingdom and Alexander's foreign realms, and the seat of its empire bids fair to be Southwestern Pennsylvania and West Virginia. T A B U L AT E D STAT I ST ICS . The following tabulated statement shows the total number of ovens in the Connellsville region at the close of each year, the annual output, average price and gross revenue of the district from 1880 vtp to and including 1899: Total Tons Av. Gross Year. Ovens. Shipped. Price. Revenue. 1880 7,211 2,205,946 $1.70 $3,948,643 1881 8,208 2,639,002 1.63 4,301,573 1882 9,283 3,043,394 3,552,402 1.47 1.14 4,473,889 1883 10,176 4,049,738 1884 . . 10,543 3,192,105 1.13 3,607,078 1885 . . 10,471 3,096,012 1.22 3,777,134 1886 10,952 4,180,521 1.36 5,701,086 1887 11,923 4,146,989 1.79 7,437,663 1888 . . 13,975 4,955,553 1.19 5,884,081 1889 14,458 5,930,428 1.34 7,974,663 1890 . . 10,020 6,464,150 1.94 12,537,370 1891 17,204 4,760,665 1.87 8,903,454 1892 . . 17,256 6,329,452 1.83 11,598,407 1893 17,513 4,805,623 1.49 7, 141,031 1894 . . 17,834 5,454,451 1.00 5,454,451 1895 17,947 8,244,438 1.23 10,140,658, 1896 . . 18,351 5,411,602 1.90 10,282,043 1897 . . 18,628 6,915,052 1.65 11,409,835 1898 . . 18,643 8,460,112 1 .55 13,113,179 1899 19,689 10,129,764 2.00 20,259,528 48 Coal One of the Great Forces of the Future MANY COKE OVENS BUILT SINCE 1899. Btit, it should be remembered that vast areas of coal have been opened up since 1899, particularly along the Monongahela river above Brownsville, and that thousands of coke ovens have been built since then and are now in ftill operation, and the ntnnber is being atigmented almost every day. Some idea of this, new development can be had by a trip over the Monongahela Railroad, while the Connellsville central railroad now building from Brownsville to Connellsville, promises to add many more mines and doubtless many more coke ovens. COAL ONE OF THE GREAT FORCES OF THE FUTURE. Coal has passed into the twentieth century with electricity and natural gas as one of the great forces of the future. Divested in oven or retort of its ashes, smoke, soot and dust, and with its noxious gases scrubbed and purified, it has become a fuel gas of high grade to be delivered from central plants to home and shop and mill and factory for everj' purpose of heat and power. COKE AND IRON INDUSTRIES CLOSELY ALLIED It is interesting to note how closely the coke industry follows the iron markets. Contracts for coke are not made for long periods, and a sudden rush in the pig iron market always has its immediate effect upon the Con- nellsville coke region. In fact, sometimes the orders sent out to the different plants for the week have to be changed or modified to meet hurried orders that come in from large furnace districts. On this account shipments vary much from month to month, as will be noticed from the various table, show- ing the shipments in cars by months during 1899 and the average number of cars shipped each w^orking day in the month. LOCATION AND EXTENT OF THE CONNELLSVILLE COKE REGION. The Connellsville coke region is contained within a long narrow strip of the best farming lands in Fayette and Westmoreland Cotmties, stretching from Connellsville, which is in the center of the basin, a distance of twenty-one miles in either direction, north and sotith. The northern boundary is at Latrobe, Westmoreland County, and the southern boundary is not so well defined, but is about ten miles south of Fairchance, although undeveloped to that southern limit. Beyond Latrobe, on the north, the coal becomes hard and the percentage of sulphur, which is an objectionable quality in coke, becomes too high. The district is about forty- three miles long and ranges from one to five miles in width. It contains a total area of 87,776 acres, about 27,000 acres of which have been mined and 683 acres reserved for buildings and other purposes, leaving a total area of 60,000 acres of solid coal yet to be mined. It is calculated that the region is being tmdcrmined at the Extent of Connellsville Region 49 present time at the rate of 1,2(10 aeri's a year, so ihiit ])rovicled the jiresent rate were kejit up eoiitinually, the Hfe of Ihe region might yet be plaeed at fifty years. In the region there are 95 plants, at whieh are located collectively 20,992 coke ovens. These plants are usually large, but vary on the whole from 20 ovens at Home to 905 at Standard. There are now about 90 mines, some of which are slopes, some drifts and some shafts. The shafts indicate the depth to which the coal is covered in the region, and it is an interesting fact that while Adelaid and Leisenring No. 3 plant are within five miles of each other, both being in the heart of the basin near Connellsville, these two show the extreme depths of shafts in the region, Adelaid shaft being only 81 feet deep, while Leisenring No. 3 shaft is 542 feet deep. (1/ \^) Fayette County's Part in Wars Dunmore's War With the Indians — The Revolutionary War — The Infamous Whisky Insurrection — The War of 1812-15 and the Mexican War — The War of the Rebellion — The Famous Ringgold Cavalry — Eighth Regiment "Memorial" — "Will Soon Answer ■Taps' " — List of Deceased Soldiers — "Greater Love Hath No Man " — Spanish and Filipino Wars. In the Indian hostilities of 1774, known as " Dunmore's War, " the territory now Fayette County saw little, if anything, of actual fighting and bloodshed; yet, in the universal terror and consternation caused by the Indian inroads and butcheries along the Monongahela, it came near being as completely depopulated as it had been twenty years before by the panic which succeeded the French victory over Washington. The Dunmore War was the result of several collisions which took place in the spring of 1 774, on the Ohio river above the mouth of the Little Kanawha, between Indians and parties of white men, most of whom were adventurers, who had rendezvoused there preparatory to passing down the river for the purpose of making settlements in the then new country of Kentucky. Immediately afterwards occurred the murder of Logan's people at Baker's Bottom and the killing of the Indians at Capatina Creek. The so-called speech of Logan fastened the oditmi of killing his people in cold blood, on Capt. Michael Cresap, of Redstone Old Fort. That the charge was false and wholly unjust is now known by all people well informed on the subject. Cresap did, however, engage in the killing of other Indians, being no doubt incited thereto by the deceitful tenor of Dr. Connelly's letters, which were evidently written for the express purpose of inflaming the minds of the frontiersmen by false information, and so bringing about a general Indian war. The settlers along the frontier, well knowing that the Indians w^ould surely make war, in revenge for the killing of their people at Capatina and Yellow Creek, immediately sought safety, either in the shelter of the "settlers' forts," or by abandoning their settlements and flying eastward across the mountains. In the meantime (upon the retirement of George Rogers Clarke from Wheeling to Redstone) an express was sent to Williamsburg, Va., to inform the governor of the events which had occurred upon the frontier, and the necessity of immediate preparation for an Indian war. Upon this, Lord Dunmore sent messengers to the settlers who had already gone forward to Kentucky to return at once for their safety, and he then without delay took measures to carry the war into the Indian country. One force w^as gathered at Wheeling and marched to the Muskingum country, where the commander. Col. McDonald, surprised the Indians and punished them suffl- cientlv to induce them to sue for peace, though it was believed that their Dunmore's War Witli the Indians 51 reqticst was but a treacherous one, designed only to gain time for the collcetion of a large body of warriors to renew the hostilities. But the main forces mustered by Dunmore for the invasion of the Indian country were a detachment to move down the Ohio from Pittsburg, tmder the governor in person, and another Ixuly of troo])s under General Andrew Lewis, which was rendezvoused at Camp Union, now Lewisburg, (ireen- brier County, Va. These two columns were to meet for co-operation at the mouth of the Great Kanawha River. Under this general plan Governor Dunmore moved from Williamsburg to Winchester and to Fort Cumberland, thence over the Braddock road to the Youghiogheny, and across the territory to the present county of Fayette on his way to Fort Pitt, which in the mean- time had been named by his partisans, in his honor. Fort Dunmore. From there he proceeded with his forces down the Ohio ri\-er, Maj. William Crawford of Stewart's Crossing of the Youghiogheny, being one of his principal officers. The force under General Andrew Lewis, eleven hundred strong, proceeded from Camp Union to the headwaters of the Kanawha, and thence down the valley of the river to the appointed rendezvous at its mouth, which was reached on the Gth of October, 1774. General Lewis, being disappointed in his expectations of finding Lord Dunmore already there, sent messengers up the Ohio to meet his Lordship and inform him of the arrival of the column at the mouth of the Kanawha. On the 9th of October a dispatch was received from Dunmore saying that he (Dunmore) was at the motith of the Hocking, and that he wottld proceed thence directly to the Shawanese towns on the Scioto, instead of coming down the Ohio and that he should march to meet him (Dunmore) before the Indians towns. But on the following day (October lOth), before General Lewis had com- menced his movement across the Ohio, he was attacked by a heavy body of Shawanese warriors under chief Cornstalk. The light (known as the bat- tle of Point Pleasant) raged nearly all day, and resvilted in the complete rout of the Indians, who sustained a very heavy (though not definitely ascertained) loss, and retreated in disorder across the Ohio. The loss of the Virginians under Lew4s was seventy-five killed and one hundred and forty w^ounded. Dunmore and Lewis advanced from their respective points into Ohio to "Camp Charlotte," on Sippo Creek. There they met Corn- stalk and the other Shawanese chiefs, with whom a treaty of peace was made ; but as some of the Indians were defiant and disinclined for peace, Maj. William Crawford was sent against one of their villages, called Seekunk, or Salt Lick Town. His force consisted of two htmdred and forty men, with which he destroyed the village, killed six Indians and took fourteen pris- oners. These operations and the submission of the Indians at Camp Charlotte, virtually closed the war. Governor Dunmore immediately set out on his return and proceeded by way of Redstone and the Great Crossing of the Youghio- gheny to Fort Cumberland, and thence to the Virginian capital. Major Crawford also returned to his home in the present county of Fayette. The Revolutionary War The "settlers' forts" and blockhouses, which by affording shelter and protection to the inhabitants prevented an entire abandonment of this section of the country in Dtmmore's War, were nearly all erected during the terror and panic of the spring and svminier of the year 1774, though a few had been built previously. REVOLUTIONARY WAR. Conspicuous as Fayette County has been in the history of Pennsylvania and in fact in the earlier periods of the nation, she stands out still more proudly when it comes to the defense of the nation against internal or external foes. When the news of the battle of Lexington, came across the Alleghenics, the hardy frontiersmen were not long in getting ready for action. Money was at once raised to equip troops and in an incredible short time. Capt. Michael Cresap of Redstone Old Fort, now Brownsville, had been commissioned to raise a company in Maryland, and about twenty young men from this section of the country marched across the motmtains and joined his company. The names of these young men cannot be ascertained now but they were from Fayette County. The next body of troops that joined the eastern forces from west of the mountains, was raised in the Monongahela country. It was a battalion that was afterwards known as the Seventh Virginia. It was chiefly raised through the efforts of William Crawford whose headquarters for recruiting was at his home at Stewart's Crossing, on the Youghiogheny in what is now Fayette County. He afterv.'-ards became Colonel. The ' ' West Augusta Regiment ' ' was afterwards raised in the same section by Colonel Crawford . This regiment in the service was known as the Thirteenth Virginia. The fact that by the summer of 1777 two regiments had been raised and equipped, speaks well for the patriotism of this section of the covnitry . The Eighth Pennsylvania was perhaps the most famous in the Revolution. It was organized under a resolution of Congress, dated July 15, 1776, and was made up principally from Westmoreland Cotinty and largely from that part of Westmoreland that is now Fayette. It was tinder the command of Col. Aneas Mackey, sometimes called McCoy, and Lieut. Col. George Wilson of New Geneva, now in Fayette Cotmty. The conditions under which the regiment was organized was that they were to remain here in the west and defend this section of the country against the Indians, bttt, if it became necessary for them to go east and join Washington's forces, they were to do so. On the fourth day of November, the regiment Avas ordered to march with all possible dispatch to Amboy, New Jersey, or to join Washington wherever he might be when they reached that section of the country. The regiment set out at once and many of them died during the winter from ex- posure, among them being both the Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel. The roster of this and other regiments is found in Ellis' History of Fayette County, issued 1882. The Whiskv Insurrection 53 'rill-: WlllSKV INSTRRKCnoM. All readers of history are familiar witli ihe (liHieiilties experienced l)y the government in its early i-fforts to collect a revenue on whisky and other spirits which linally culminated in what is known as the Whisky Insin'riction. While all the territory west of the mountains was \-irlually in open rebellion against the collection of this tax, the chief depredations were committed in Washington County, where the revcntie officers were held up, stri^iped. tarred and feathered and stibmitted to all kinds of indignities. r As manv years have passed since the people of this section of the State so strenuoush^ opposed the government in this revenue measure, it may not be out of order to state briefly here the grounds on which this resistance was based. It was argued that this law bore more heavily on the people west of the mountains than on any other section of the State or of the Union. Here at that time a principal part of the product of the farmers, was rye. For this there was little home demand, and it could not be transported across the mountains at a profit except in the form of wdiisky. A horse could carry but four bushels, but he cotild carry the product of twenty-four bu.shels in the shape of alcohol. Whisky therefore w^as the most important item of re- mittance to pay for their salt, sugar and iron. As a result of these peculiar circumstances, there was in this section of the State a greater number of stills and a larger amount of w^hisky made than in any other region of the same population in the whole country. A large per cent, of the population of this section of the country was Scotch or Scotch- Irish or of that descent, whose earlier homes or the homes oi their ancestors had been in a land where whisky was the national beverage and where excise laws and excise officers were con- sidered the most odious of laws or of officers, and the very embodiment of tyranny. These and various other causes to mention all of which we have not room, account for the bitter opposition to the collection of taxes on whisky. The revenue laws were enacted and repealed time after time but the continued efforts to collect these taxes finally resulted in open revolt. The first step toward this open revolt was a meeting held at Redstone Old Fort near Brownsville, July 27, 1791. At this meeting it was resolved that county committees should be formed in each of the four counties, Fayette, W^estmoreland, Washington and Allegheny, to meet at the county seats of each covmty to take steps to the end of successftiUy resisting the law. These steps were carried otit and everybody who accepted a position under the government to collect these taxes or had anything to do with their collection in any way, was placed under a ban. Each of the four covinties appointed three members of the committee to meet with others at Pittsburg in the foUow^ing vSeptember for the pvirpose of expressing the sense of the peopile of the four counties in an address to Congress on the sul>jeet of the excise law and other grievances. The meeting was held at Pittsburg on the 7th day of September, 1791, and Fayette County was represented by Edward Cook, Nathaniel Breading, and John Oliphant. A series of resolutions were passed at this meeting, censuring Congress for passing the law. The result was that the law was modified shortlv afterward but it was still far from 54 The War of 1 812-15 satisfactory to the people, the revenue officers were still subjected to all kinds of indignities, and on the 21st and 22d days of August, 1794, following the passage of the new and modified law, there was another meeting held in Pittsbtirg to further remonstrate against this, to the people, obnoxious law. Fayette County was represented at this meeting by Edward Cook, Albert Gallatin, John Smilie, Bazil Bowel, Thomas Gaddis, and John McClellan. All this finally led to armed rebellion against the government, the robbing of the mail and destruction of property, notably that of General Neville's and Major Kirkpatrick's at Pittsbtirg. The leaders of the opposition to the excise laws, called a meeting at Braddock's Field of the militia officers and their men on the first day of August, 1794. They were instructed to come with their arms and accouterments, with ammunition and provisions, which though the order came from no recognized authority, they did. And while Fayette County was represented at Braddock's Field, it is to her everlasting credit to say that her representation was small. Pittsburg was also repre- sented at Braddock's Field more, it is thought, to conciliate the insurrection- ists than anything else, as it was feared the mob, for it was little less, would march to that city and burn it because General Neville lived there. It afterwards transpired that their fears were well foimded, for after various harangues by the leaders the force was organized after a manner, David Bradford and Edward Cook were chosen generals, other officers were ap- pointed and the next day the troops, if that name may be applied to the assembly, marched to Pittsburg. There they were filled tip with whisky to conciliate them and some of the leaders who it seems joined them more to get control of them and if possible prevent them from doing devilment, than from any sympathy they had with the movement, succeeded in getting them over onto the South Side where after all they succeeded in burning a barn belonging to Major Kirkpatrick. Other depredations were committed in Pittsburg, but throtigh the efforts of Col. Edward Cook, they were pre- vented from burning Kirkpatrick's and Gibson's residences in Pittsburg. The result of all this was that the government sent troops into this section to quell the insurrection, though the frenzy seems to have died ovit before the troops got here. General Lee, the Governor of Virginia had charge of the troops and with his division camped for a time at Uniontown. In the end a general pardon was issued for all offenders except a few of the ring- leaders and in fact none were severely pimished for the part they took in the whisky insurrection. Various committees met at Brownsville during the negotiations between the representatives of the government and the insur- rectionists, and it was here that the first and last meeting of the leaders of the insurrection were held. The restilt of course was that the people at last submitted to the collection of the whisky tax. THE WAR OF 1812-15. Again when the war of 1812 broke out, Fayette County responded promptly and nobly. Twelve companies were raised and at once hustled to the front. They were commanded by Captains Thos. Collins, John Phillips, James War of the Rebellion Whalcy, Andrew Moore, Joseph Waclsworth, Peter Hertzog, James Mc- Clelland, John McClean, Williani Craig, Isaac Linn, James Piper and Valentine Giesey. Captain Giesey and most of his mm were from Brownsville and the immediate vicinity and just Ijefore they went to the front, Rew William Johnson, pastor of the Presbyterian ehnreh ]>reachi'd a jiatriotic sermon from the text: "Cursed be he that doeth the work of thi' Lord deceitfully; and cursed be he that keepeth back his sword from l>lood.' ' THE WAR WITH MEXICO. When war was declared with Mexico the response was just as prompt but not so many men were needed. Ca])t. William B. Roberts \vho afterwards became Colonel of Co. H 2d Regiment and Lieut. William Qtiail who was promoted to Captain of Co. H, went to the front in the Mexican War, with a company of Fayette Cotmty boys, and a part of Capt. P. N. Guthrie's company was made up of Fayette County boys. WAR OF THE REBELLION. If ]:)rompt response to the call for troops marked the course of Fayette County in previous wars, Lincoln's call for troops in the si)ring of LStil, was n^et still more promptly. Within six days after the call for 75,000 men, the "Fayette Guards," the hrst company organized in the county, was made up and on its way to Pittsburg. The commissioned and non-commissioned ol^cers of the "Fayette Guai'ds" were Capt., S. Duncan Oliphant; First Lieut., Jesse B. Gardner; Second Lieut., J. B. Ramsey; Third Lieut., Henry W. Patterson; Sergeants; First, John Bierer; Second, Henry C. Dawson; Third, James H. Springer; Fourth, Peter Heck; Corporals: First, B. L. Hunt; Second, O. P. Wells; Third, J. O. Stewart; Fourth, Joseph White. The company was afterwards reorganized and mustered in for three years as "G" Company of the Eighth Reserve Regiment. When the President's call was made there were in existence in Favette County se\'eral militia organizations, armed and equipped, viz: The Lnion Volunteers, Dunlap's Creek Cavalry, Georges Creek Cavalry, Springfield Blues, Youghiogheny Blues, and Falls City Guards. A meeting of the officers of these companies was held at the courthotise in Uniontown, where it was voted unanimously to tender their services to the Governor. This was done, but the offer was declined, for the reason that the quota of the State had already been filled. During the six or seven weeks next following the President's call a company of cavalry was raised by Capt. William A. West, of this county, a veteran of the Mexican war. Of this company sixty-seven were Fayette County men, and the remainder were raised principally in Morgantown and Clarksburg, W\ Va. As the Pennsylvania qviota was filled, the company could not secure acceptance in this State, and was therefore joined to the First Cavalry Regiment of West Virginia, Colonel Sansel, afterwards commanded by Colonel Richmond. The officers of this company were Captain W-'est; First 56 War of the Rebellion Lieut., H. N. Mackey; Second Lietit., Isaac Brownfield; Ord. Sergt., Dennis Delaney. In May and June a company of infantry was rccrtiited in Fayette County, principally in Wharton, Henry Clay, and Stewart Townships, and was for the same reason as mentioned above, incorporated with the Third Regiment of West Virginia. The officers of this company were Capt., C. E. Swearingen; First Lieut., H. C. Hagan; Second Lieut., C. B. Hadden. On the organi- zation of the regiment at Clarksburg, W. Va., July the 4th, ISGl, Captain Swearingen was elected Major and Lieutenant Hagan proinoted to the captaincy. Fayette County furnished during the war large numbers of troops for the armies of the United States. They served in various commands, but were most numerous in the Eighth and Eleventh Reserves, the Eighty-fifth, One Hundred and Sixteenth, and One Hundred and Forty-second Infantry Regiments, the Fourteenth and Sixteenth Cavalry, and the Second Heavy Artillery of Pennsylvania. Besides the soldiers serving in the organizations above mentioned, there w^as also raised principally in Fayette County a company of men who joined the Sixth Artillery (Two Hundred and Twelfth Pennsylvania Regiment). Of this company the captain Avas Joseph Keeper and the First Lieut. Thomas M. Fee, of Connellsville, at w^hich place thirty-fotir men of the company w'cre enlisted. The Eighth Reserve, or Thirty-seventh Regiment of Pennsylvania was raised in the counties of Fayette, Washington, Allegheny, Greene, Armstrong, Butler and Clarion. Tw-o of its companies w^ere enlisted from Fayette County These were Companies D and G, the former under Capt. C. L. Conner of Brownsville and the latter under Capt. S. D. Oliphant of Uniontown, who later became a brigadier-general. This famous regiment did valiant service all through the war taking part in many of the most terrible battles, among them being Mechanicsvillc, Gaines' Mill, Charles City Cross Roads, Malvern Hill, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Spottsylvania, and others equally as bloody. The Eleventh Reserve or Fortieth Pennsylvania w^as also partly made up of Fayette County men and was in the heat of the fray from the beginning of the war to its close. This regiment was captured at Gaines' Mill while fighting away unconscious of the fact that the right and left wings of the army had retreated or fallen back. It was thus surrounded and amid the smoke of battle did not know it till a galling fire commenced to pour into it from the left and right. Major Johns w^ho supposed that the lire came from some of the Union troops who in the smoke of battle had mistaken them for the enemy, rode quickly to the left to stop the fire w^hen he found that he was surrotmded and there was nothing to do but surrender. They w^ere after- wards exchanged and returned to the ranks. The Eighty-fifth Regiment of Infantry was raised by Joshua B. Howell of Uniontown. The Regiment rendezvoused at Camp LaFayette near Uniontown. Of this Regiment, three companies, C, 1 and K were Fayette County men. Part of Comi^anies E and G were also Fayette County men. The Riiij^s^old Ca\alry 57 Joshua B. Howell was made Colonel; Norman Giffm, Lieutenant-Colonel; Absalom Guiler, Major, and Andrew Stewart, Adjutant. Adjutant Stewart was a son of "Tariff" Andy Stewart who served in Conj^ress from this distriet for many years. Battery K of the Second Artillery, 112th Regiment enlisted from Fayette County, as did also Co. K llfith Regiment of Infantry. One Company of the 142d Regiment likewise enlisted from Fayette Cotmty. The Fovirtecnth Cavalry or the 159th Regiment of the Pennsylvania Line imder Col. James Sehoonmaker was largely from Fayette, three companies being wholly made up from this county. They were Co. B, Capt. Zadock Walker; E, Capt. Ashbel F. Duncan; F, Capt. Calvin Springer. Cos. B and G of the Sixteenth Cavalry or IGlst Regiment, Pennsylvania Line, Capts. John F. Hurst and John K. Fisher, were also Fayette County men. Col. A. J. Greenfield THE RINGGOLD CAVALRY No history, sketch or synopsis of the Rebellion would be complete without reference to the famous Ringgold Cavalry many of the members of which were Fayette County boys and a few of whom still live to tell of the terrible conflicts throtigh which they passed. 58 Dies Rescuing a Comrade For several years before the outbreak of hostilities between the North and South there had been a cavalry company composed of young men from Fayette and Washington Counties, under the command of Capt. John Keys. As this company tisually assembled for drill at Beallsville, it was commonly known as the " Beallsville Company." Captain Keys was a fully competent leader and under his direction the company soon acc^uired a high degree of efhciency in tactics, and became the pride of this entire section. The mem- bers were mostly young men from the farm — the material from Avhich good soldiers are made. They fvirnished their own horses, and entered into the spirit of the exercise with a vim and enthusiasm which always assures suc- cess. While the quarrel between the two sections was becoming more bitter, and while each side was struggling in Congress to sectire an advantage over the other Captain Keys' Company was quietly training, little dreaming then that the time was close at hand when they would be called upon to test their military accomplishments on the battlefield, in defense of country and flag. The news of the bombardment of Fort Sumter thrilled the North like an electric shock; party lines vanished and Democrats and Republicans alike rallied to the defense of the flag. Next day Lincoln called for 75.000 volun- teers. This call was responded to by 300,000 men. Captain Keys at once tendered his company to the United States Govern- ment. The offer was promptly accepted and Co. A was mustered into service as an independent company, being one of the very first cavalry companies to enter service in defense of the flag. Shortly after this Lieutenant-Colonel Greenfield received permission to organize another company in the vicinity of Beallsville, and Company B also entered the Army of the United States as an independent company. In June, 1862, Captain Keys was directed by Secretary of War Stanton to come home and raise a battalion, according to instructions he raised five other companies which after enlistment were assembled on the Island of Wheeling as a camp of rendezvous, and on the 13th of September, 1862, were mustered into service as the Ringgold Battalion, U. S. Vol. Cavalry. This battalion became part of the Army of West Virginia and at once did valiant service in preserving that section of the Union. In April 1863 the Ringgold Bat- talion was consolidated with another battalion, raised in the eastern part of Pennsylvania by Col. Jacob Higgins. This union of the two battalions formed a regiment known as the 22d Reg. Pa. Vol. Cavalry, and occurred on Cemetery Hill near Cumberland, Md. When we state that the Ringgold boys took part in 47 battles and heavy skirmishes it is scarcely worth while commenting on the service they did for the country. DIES RESCUING A COMRADE. The first soldiers from this section to lay down their lives vipon the altar of their countrv were Samuel Drum and William Hartranft. Young (irealer Love Hath No Man ^'GREATER LOVE HATH NO MAN/ 59 ]>,\ W. II. I'.KicnT. Two soldiers sleeping side by side, our country's pride were they, Who bravely fought and early fell amidst the bloody fray. Some forty vears or more ago, near Romney both were slain And by their comrades carried from the sodden battle plain. Brave vSanniel Drumm was first to die, pierced by a Minie ball Then William Hartranft gave his life in answer to the call ; For when Drunmi fell, Hartranft returned his fallen friend to shield And with the brother of that friend, to bear him from the field. Tenderly upon the brother's steed, they placed the fallen brave And sought to bear him from the fray, perchance his life to save ; But ere the task was half complete, Hartranft was shot and fell To die with him he sought to save and whom he loved so well. Comrades returned and bore them thence and sent them home to rest, And side by side they slumber now, b}' all their country blessed ; Year after year as time rolls on, each Thirtieth day of May, Old comrades strew with flowers, the graves of those who fell that day, 60 Fayette County Veterans' Association Drum was a member of the Washington Cavalry and Hartranft belonged to a Ringgold Company. On November 13, 1861, there was severe fighting near Romney and the boys in blue were compelled to retreat before the fierce and fatal fire of the enemy. Just as the Union forces began to withdraw, Samuel Drum was struck by a musket ball and fell from his horse; his brother saw him fall and at once wheeled his horse and rode back to carry him from the field. William Hartranft had also seen his friend fall from his saddle and at once rode back in the face of the enemy's fire. The brother and the friend reached the fallen trooper at about the same time. Hartranft dismounting, picked up the body and attempted to place it on the horse in front of the brother, while in the act he was struck by a bullet and fell dead. The bodies were brought to Brownsville. They were the first soldiers brotaght back from the field and the whole community turned otit to pay the last token of respect to the young soldiers. Hundreds were present, representing this entire community. After im- pressive services the bodies were laid side by side in Bridgeport Cemetery, their resting place being marked by the stone shown in our cut. On each 30th of May, the G. A. R. and patriotic people generally assemble abotit the graves of these young martj-rs for the principal Memorial of the day. FAYETTE COUNTY VETERANS' ASSOCIATION. This Association was organized on Thtirsday, October 17, 1901, at a meeting held at the courthouse at Uhiontown. Jtidge E. H. Reppert and Burgess Frank Rutter delivered addresses of welcome, and Col. C. S. Reed of Vanderbilt made the response. Short impromptu talks were made by Judge Edward Campbell of Union- town, Capt. T. M. Fee of Connellsvillc, Samuel G. Brown of Lock No. 8, J. A. Rankin of Smithfield, J.J. Barnhart of Dunbar, and others. A Committee on Resolutions was appointed consisting of Col. Edward Campbell, J. B. Wiggins and J. J. Barnhart. It was decided to hold the next meeting of the organization in Uniontown, October 16, 1902. A permanent organization was effected by the election of W. T. Kennedy of Uniontown as president; Lieut. Solomon G. Krepps, Sr., of Bridgeport and Capt. Ed. Dunn of Connellsvillc vice presidents; Joseph O. Miller secretary; A. I. Ellis of Uniontown, treastxrer; Rev. T. M. Cunningham, chaplain. A long list of names were sent in by soldiers who were unable to attend requesting that their names be placed on the roll, which was done. 1^1 1^ Will Soon Answer Taps 61 WILL SOON ANSWER '* TAPS." Bv W. H. Bright. "After the din of the battle's roar, " The valiant soldiers meet once more : But many a time the sear leaves fell Since thev faced the hissing shot and shell. ^ Their ranks are thinned and other men ^ Are filling the places they filled then, While those who still sm-vive today. Rehearse with comrades, the bloody fray. 'x^ «?? !^ They tell of deeds of valor done, ^ m Of marches made and battles won, © W> 'Tillthey seem to be in the ranks once more, ^ j(^ As in the tm-bulent days of yore. ^ s , is W They neither remember scars nor years, -^ iijif Decrepit age with its train of fears, W S Nor one of the ills they have to bear, «(J? W But step with the old-timc martial an". ^ ^ But, alas! their thinning locks of gray, ^ "^ Tell of the years that have passed away, j^ i^ And soon, as the young men fill the gaps, W n. The last old soldier will answer "Taps. " ^ 1 W ?g&&6&&i^&§;g&&&&©©&&g^i-:§^S^^^S§r§:-§§S33SS:-i^-:§§? 62 Roster Company D, Eighth Pennsylvania Reserve Corps EIGHTH REG. CO. D PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE VOL. CORPS. (From "The Soldiers' Memorial" throvigh courtesy of S. G. Krepps.) C. L. Connor, Capt., resigned Dec. 25, 18G2. Adam Jacobs, Jr., 1st Lieut., resigned Jan. 22, 1SG2. Robert Clark, 2d Lieut., commissioned in U. S. A. Sept. 28., 1861. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Sergeants. 1 — Solomon G. Krepps, promoted to 2d Lieut. Oct. 1, 1861; transferred to 4th U. S. Infantry, Feb. 14, 1862. 2 — George W. Miller, promoted to Orderly Sergt. Oct. 1861; promoted 1st Lieut. Feb. 1, '62; killed Dec. 13, '62. in battle. 3 — Jos. J. Bail, promoted 2d Lictit. May 1, '62; resigned July 13, '62, dis- ability. 4 — Samuel B. Bennington, promoted 1st Sergeant May 1, 1862; 2d Lieut. July 13, 1862; to Capt. Dec. 28, 1862. Wounded at Fredericksburg. Corporals. 1 — William Wilkinson, promoted Sergeant, July 1, 1861. Killed at Charles City Cross Roads. 2 — James Binch, promoted Sergeant Aug. 5, 1862. 3 — Henry J. Gormley. 4 — Thomas McGee, promoted to Sergeant, Oct. 1, 1861 ; Quartermaster Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1861; 1st Lieut., Dec. 14, 1862. 5 — W. F. Chess, detached on gunboat Feb. 1, 1862. 6 — John H. Gue, wounded; honorable discharge. Jan. 26, 1863. 7 — ^Josiah M. Anawalt, promoted to Sergeant, May 1, 1862; Orderly, July 13, 1862; 2d Lieut., Dec. 28, 1862. 8 — William Fullerton, promoted to Sergeant, April 1, 1863. Musicians. James S .Roher, Fifer. H. Clay Gapin, commissioned in U. S. A., June 20, 1861. William Lucas, Drummer. Regimental Field Officers. Colonel, George S. Hays, resigned, July 16, 1862. Colonel, S. M. Bailey, commissioned Sept. 14, 1862. Lieutenant-Colonel, S. D. Oliphant, resigned, Dec. 29, 1862. Lieutenant-Colonel, William Lemon, commissioned, Dec. 29, 1862. Major, John W. Duncan, resigned, Nov. 21, 1861. Major, R. E. Jounston, commissioned Sept. 14, 1S62. Adjutant, J. G. Swearingen. Privates. Adams, David Archabald, Jacob, killed at Charles City Cross Roads. Booth, John, wounded in battle at Antictam. Baker, William N., detached on Signal Service. Roster Compaii}- I), Kighth Pennsylvania Reserve Corps 63 Beckley, Eugene, discharged for wounds, Jan. 28, 18()3. Burke, John Brawley, John D. Brawlcy, Charles E. Bane, William Barbour, James M., wounded at Fredericksburg. Craft, D. L., detached on Signal Service. Conley, Peter Calvert, Enoch Clark, Jacob Clark, William Campbell, Daniel Daubbert, Frederick Dean, William P., dicharged for wounds in battle at Mechanicsville. Devlin, James, promoted to Corporal, Oct. 1, 1861, dicharged, >.\ug. 1, 1862. Dawson, Elias H. Ebbert, John H. Evans, Fleming Evans, James, promoted to Corporal, May 1, 1862; Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1862. Fetistcr, Thomas Gaskill, James E. Gregg, William K. Hare, James, discharged, Oct. 31, for disabiUty. Haddock, Abraham S., promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1863. Haddock, Worcester, discharged Nov. 20, 1862, for wounds at Charles City Cross Roads. Hill, Ashbold F., promoted Corporal, Oct. 1861; Sergeant, May 1, 1862; wotmded at Antietam. Hazen, David, died of disease at Manassas, Apr. 12, 1862. Haught, Robert, killed in battle at Fredericksburg. Hughes, David C, promoted to Corporal, Nov. 1, 1862. Hughes, John C. Hoffman, WilHam H. Hoffman, Benjamin A., detached on gunboat Feb. 17, 1862. Hasson, James, wounded at Fredericksburg. Jefferies, Hamon, promoted to Corporal, Jan. 1, 1863. Jacob, Janxes, taken prisoner at Fredericksburg. Kisinger, John W., discharged for disability, Oct. 7, 1861. Levitre, George W. 64 Roster Company D, Eighth Pennsylvania Reserve Corps Lucas, James, discharged for disability, Jan. 11, 1861. Malone, David, killed at South Mountain. Mitchell, William C, killed at Charles City Cross Roads. McWilliams, Dennis, transferred to 6th U. S. Cavalry. MeWilliams, Daniel, wounded at South Mountain. Dis. Nov. 30, 1862. McCourt, Robert, discharged. Mayhorn, Isaac, transferred to 6th U. S. Cavalry. Montonia, William. McWilliams, William, killed at Charles City Cross Roads. Morgan, Edward, Jr., promoted to Corporal, Nov. 1, 1862. Ort, George. Page, G. W., killed at Antietam. Ritchcy, William A., transferred to 1st Penna. Cavalry. Rhyn, Nicholas C, died of typhoid fever, Jan. 8, 1862. Rhyan, James Raum, George, taken prisoner at Fredericksburg. Rhyn, Rudolph Rhyn, Henry, taken prisoner at Fredericksburg. Roland, James H. Stewart, William, wounded at Antietam. Simmons, John Seese, David, wounded at Antietam. Shaw, Issachar, promoted to Corporal, May 1, 1862; sergeant, July 1, 1862; 1st Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1863. Simpson, Thomas, wotmded at Fredericksburg. Smith, William Swearer, John, wounded at Antietam: honorabh^ discharged. Swearingcn, John G., promoted sergeant, Feb. 1862; Adjutant, Dec. 14, 1862. Sprowls, William Swearer, Nicholas C, wounded at Gaines' Mill; honorably discharged. Scott, George W. Smith, James, taken prisor at Fredericksburg. Strawn, Enos K., discharged on account of disability. Taylor, John L., discharged on account of disabihty. Trump, Philip W., wounded at Fredericksburg. Troth, James, hon discharged. Underwood, William H., deserted. Waggoner, George List of Deceased Soldiers— Hrownsville, Peiura 65 Waggoner, O. A. Watkins, John W. Wiggle, Simeon B., detached on gunboat, Vch. 17. 1S()2. Whitmer, Elliot F. Woodward, John, killed at Antietani. Winder, David C, deserted. Williams, Estess. Yomig, John Young, Robert., transferred to Gth U. S. Cavalry. Engagements. Mechanicsville, June 2(), 1S62. Gaines' MiU, Jtinc 27. isr)2. Charles City Cross Roads, June 30, 1eeified height, if it should be found necessary to do so. The company were em- powered " to for m, make, erect and set up any dams, locks or any other device whatsoever which they shall think most tit and convenient to make a com- plete slack-water navigation between the points aforesaid (Pittsburg and the State line) so as to admit the safe and easy passage for loaded barges, boats, and other crafts up, as well as down, said river," and to use the water power created by their dams for the propulsion of machinery, or to sell or lease such water power, but not so as to injure, impede, or interrupt navigation on the river. It was provided by the act "that as soon as the eight first-named dams and locks shall be erected and completed," and the Governor should have proper evidence that they had been so completed in a workmanlike manner, he should theretipon issue his license or permit to the company to collect tolls from boats passing that part of the river. Owners of dams which had been erected at certain points on the river for mill purposes prior to the passage of the act were required to raise such dams to the specified height (if they were not already up to it), and to keep them in repair; and for so doing they were empowered to collect tolls from boats and other crafts passing them. THE STATE TAKES UP THE WORK IN 1822. It appears, however that this company did not comply with the require- ments provided in the act except to open a set of books and secure svifficient subscriptions to get the state appropriations. Accordingly we lind that in the spring of 1822 a few days after the expiration of five 3'ears from the pas- sage of the act authorizing the Monongahela Navigation Company, an act was passed by the Assembly (approved April 2d of the year named) taking the impro\-ement of the Monongahela into the hands of the State, and pro- viding "That Solomon Krepps and Joseph Enochs of Fayette County and William Leekey, of Pittsburg, be and they are hereby appointed commis- sioners, who shall have power, and it shall be their ckity, to cause to be re- moved all obstructions which impede or injui-e the navigation of said river Monongahela, by making a slope or inclined navigation from the Virginia State line to its junction with the Allegheny river, and said improvement to commence at the mouth of Dtmlap's Creek, in Fayette County, and for that purpose to employ suitable persons to perform said work;" and "That ten thousand dollars of the stock subscribed by the Governor on behalf of this Commonwealth in the stock of the Monongahela Na\-igation Company be and is hereby appropriated to defray the expenses of removing the said obstructions. " Bv another section of the act it was provided and declared "That this act shall not go into operation until the Monongahela Na\'igation Company have first settled all accoimts of said company, and have paid into the treasury of Fayette County all the unexpended balance of money in their hands, if any be due, for the purpose of being applied agreeably to the pro- visions of this act, * * * and until then the Monongahela Navigation 80 Second ]\Ionongahela Navigation Company Company shall also have relinquished their shares in the stock of said conipany, as ■well those held by individuals as those held by companies, which relinc)uishmcnt shall have been certified and transmitted tmder the hand and seal of the ])resident and managers of said company, or a majority of them, to the Go\'ernor, stating that thej' relinquish all the rights, powers and privileges in and to the river Monongahela vested in thein by an act passed the 24th of March, 1817, entitled, 'An act to authorize the governor to incorporate a company to make a lock navigation on the Monongahela river,' and from thenceforth said company shall cease and determine as if the said act had not been passed." SECOND MONONGAHELA NAVIGATION COMPANY. This company as the one before it, accomplished nothing of any conse- (jtience and it was not till 1S36 that any material progress was made. March 31, 1S3G, under an act of assembh^ the Monongahela Navigation Company (the second of the same name and style), Avas authorized and accordingly incorporated. A capital of $300,000 was authorized in 6,000 shares each of $50, with power to increase the number of shares to whatever extent was necessary to eoirijjlete the work. COMMISSIONERS TO RECEIVE SUBSCRIPTIONS APPOINTED. The persons appointed as commissioners to receive suVjseriptions to the stock were Thomas H. Baird, Aaron Kerr, Ephraim L. Blaine, William Briant, Sheshbazzer Bentley, Andrew Gregg, John Bowers, William Vanlvirk, Samuel Beatty, Williain Hopkins, and James Gordon, of Washington County, George Dawson, Benedict Kimber, George Hogg, James L. Bowman, Israel Miller, David Gilmore, E. P. Oliphant, Jermiah Davison, Thomas Wilson, Tazwell P. Martin, George Cramer, Yates S. Conwell, Thomas Beatty, Aaron Bucher, John Harslie, Andrew Stewart, Isaac Crow, George Vance, James C. Etingon, Robert Brown, James C. Ramsey, David B. Rhodes, William. Everhart, Westley Frost, and Samuel J. Krepps. of Fayette County; and a number of gentlemen from Greene and Allegheny Counties. When two thousand shares were subscribed the company was entitled to a charter, and might organize in not less than twenty days. Upon organization the company was empowered "to form and make, erect and set up any dams, locks or any other device whatsoever which they shall think most fit and. convenient to make a complete slack-water navigation between the points herewith mentioned, to wit: the city of Pittsburg and the Virginia State line; and that the dams that they shall so construct for the piirpose of slack-water naviga- tion shall not exceed in height fotxr feet six inches; and that the locks for the purpose of passing stearaboats, barges and other crafts up and down the river shall be of sufficient width and length to admit the safe and easy passage for steamboats, barges, and other crafts up as well as down said river. " This act, like that which was passed for the creation of the old company in 1817, authorized the company to use, lease or sell the water power from the dams The Conipaii)- Comes to CJrief aiul Work is Suspended Si U t(, previousl}^ built, (if by them raised to the re(|uirrd height) the ri,i;lil collect toll from lioa's passing down or u]> tin- ri\er. Hy the terms (^i the act the eiim])any was recpiired to eonimenee work within li\-e years. annnells\"ille in 1855, and later under their recharter privileges, ^vhich had Ijcen repealed in 1864 and restored in 1868, they completed their road from Connellsville to Cum- berland, April 10, 1871. THE FAYETTE COUNTY RAILROAD COMPANY. The Fayette County Railroad Company was incorju.irated May 1, 1857, and com])leted its road from Uniontcnvn to Connellsville on January 1, 1860. The road was sold by the sheriff in 18(iL', and ])urchased l)y the stockholders, who reorganized the eomjiany, and in 18(i4 leased the road for ninety-nine years to the Pittsburg & Connellsville Company, which also leased the Mt. Pleasant and Broad Ford railroad opened February 18, 1871 . BRANCH LINES OF RAILROAD. In 1875 the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Com])any partly secured by lease what thev failed to accomjilish by legislation half a century f)efore. They leased the Pittsbui-g & Connellsville, the Mt. Pleasant & Broad Ford and the Fayette County roads for ninety-nine years, thus gaining an outlet to Pitts- Inirg and a road into the coke region of Fayette County. Twenty years later they pushed their Fayette County road to Morgantown, W. Va., \inder the name of the Morgantown & Fairmont Branch of the Pittsburg division, and in 1900 built a branch from Smithfield into the Klondike. The second great trtxnk line to secure a branch into the countv was the 96 Earlv History of the B. & O. Pennsylvania, which obtained the Southwest Pennsylvania road, which was completed frmn Greensburg to Uniontown in 1876, and later extended to Fairchance by bvtying the Uniontown and West Virginia railroad. It also secured the partly finished Redstone Branch of the Pittsburg, Virginia & Charleston road from West Brownsville to Uniontown, completing it in 1882, and now operating it under the name of the Monongahela Division, while in 1900 it opened the Coal Lick Run Branch road from Uniontown to Leckrone in the Klondike. It also practically controls the Masontown and New Salem road of that region. EARLY HISTORY OF THE B. &- O. And those who now see the fruits of their progressive tactics shown each day have good reason to be proud of the old Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. It is the oldest railroad in the world, and if the policy of those in control is but kept up it will soon be the best in the world, for it has the territory, the monev and the brains. In almost all things the Baltimore & Ohio was the pioneer. It was the first line to be operated for passengers or freight, the first to utilize locomotive power, the first to come over the Allegheny mountains, the first to employ electricity as a motive jjower, and the first to employ electricity as a means of commtmication. It had the first telegraph line in the world, for it was over the line from Baltimore to Washington, in 1844, that Prof. S. F. B. Morse sent his famous message, "What God hath wrought" and in that message gave the world the telegraph. And the route followed from Baltimore to Pittsburg is historical. A century and a half ago the route now traversed by the road across the moun- tains was known as the "Great Nemacolin Path," the Appian Way of the savages. Later George W^ashington, surveyor in laying otit the route of the stage road across the mountains to the Ohio Valley followed this same path. Later still the French, under Pierre Duquesne, who had been usurping much of the territory which was claimed by Great Britain, were called to account by England, and Washington was again sent over the territory to warn the French to leave. On the 2d day of Febrviary, 1827, the citizens of Baltimore conferred upon the adoption of proper measures for the commencement of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, a work of deep and vital interest to the American people, by facilitating its commerce, diffusing, and extending its social intercourse and perpetuating the happy union of the Confederate States. An act of incor- poration by the State of Maryland was granted February 28, 1827, and con- firmed by the State of Virginia March 8, 1827, and the construction of the road was commenced July 4, 1828. THE EVENT CELEBRATED AT BALTIMORE. The ceremonies attending this great event were conducted by the Masonic Fraternity. The city of Baltimore was in gala attire and strangers from distant points began arriving in town a day or two before the celebration. IMr. Samuel Rea Vice-rresident Moiiongahela R. R. am Fourth A'ice-Pres. Penusv Ivania R. K, Col. J. M. Schoonniaker President ^Monongahela R. R. and Vice-Pres. Pittsburg & I^ake Erie R. R. 98 The Pennsylvania Railroad — Its Growth The leading event was the laying of the corner stone of this first railroad of the land. The venerable Charles Carroll, of Carrolton the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, cast the first spadeful of earth for the beginning of the railroad, saying; " I consider this among the most important acts of my life, second only to that of signing the Declaration of Independence, if, indeed, second to that. " This remarkable stone was placed in the earth and the laying of the wooden track of the railroad was then begun. Strange as it may seem, in the natural shifting of position of the track this stone was forgotten and its exact location in the earth remained only a matter of conjecture for nearly forty years. The interest was revived in July, 1S9S, when a resurvey was made and the stone located six feet under the svirface of the ground. The entire masonry was then carefully raised above the earth and inclosed in a steel cage, so that the famous relic will remain in public view f(jr all time. THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD— ITS GROWTH. There is much to admire in the history of the growth of the Pennsylvania Railroad system. It has been likened to the growth of the United States. Demand for communication between the early settled Atlantic slopes and the communities formed by those who had penetrated beyond the Alle- gheny mountains caused the rails to be spread to Pittsburg, placing this section in communication with New York, Philadelphia, and all points there- abouts. It gave the railroad, too, at this end the advantage of the rare and rich territory on which they have spent millions in opening up and from which they have also taken millions in products. INVASION OF NEW YORK. An effort to grasp the amount of energy and capital invested yearly by the Pennsylvania system would l:)e futile. No one seenis to know how mitch capital is invested, for it is past counting. It has been claimed that the line between Pittsburg and New York cleared $165,000 per mile last year. What an amount of money must be invested to have brought anything like this return. The fact remains that there is nothing too large for the Pennsylvania to tackle. Those back of it will stof) at nothing in the way of money or trouble to accomplish their ends. The Pennsylvania road is tunneling imder the East ri\-er from New Jersey right into the heart of New York, and at an expense of something like $50,000,000 W'ill soon come above ground at Thirty-fourth street and Sixth avenue. And there, is being erected now one of the most handsome depots in the country. This act of tunneling under the river and under a great part of New York, in order to get right to the millions of people who are on the streets of New York daily has been considered one of the most wonderful engineering feats, as well as one of the most nervy things ever attempted. Col. Joseph U. Crawford Engineer of Branch Lines P. R. K. and Chief Engineer Monongahela Railroad Oeorge Dorsey Right-of-Way Man for P. R. R., Monongahela and Connellsville Central Railroads Joseph C. Grooms Land and Claim Agent Pittsburg & Lake Erie R. R. Robert W. Ta\ lor Assistant Engineer P. R. R. and Engineer in Charge Monongahela R. R. 100 Early History of the Pensylvania With the New York tunnel through, under the river, the next problem to be attacked is the Allegheny mountains, and there are those of us who, with an even chance in life, will live to ride through the tunnel under the moun- tains. The fearful grade is the one drawback to the road. Already have surveys been made for the tunnel. It will be a giant under- taking. It will be the biggest ttmnel in the world, but what of that? The New York tunnel under the ri\'er will be the biggest of its kind. During the present year not less than a million dollars will be spent b}^ the Pennsylvania in improvements along the smaller lines in Western Pennsyl- vania which it owns. Such as the Chartiers Valley Road, leading from Carnegie to Washington, Pa., and the Pittsburg, Virginia & Charleston cut- ting into the coke region of West Virginia. Miles and miles of double track are scheduled for the Pittsburg, Virginia and Charleston line. This is a line which makes but little fuss, btit quietly it brings in more money to the common coffer than most other lines with more pretension to fame and prestige. It is to be extended farther into the Southwest in order to tap some virgin fields which promise coal and coke in large quantities. It may not be out of order here to state that the Pittsburg, Virginia and Charleston railroad was first organized as the Monongahela Valley railroad but the name was changed to Pittsbtirg, Virginia and Charleston, January 15, 1870. The first officers and directors were, B. F. Jones, president; Wm. Price, vice-president; Henry F. Voigh, treasurer; Chill W. Hazard, secretary. The directors were, T. W. Briggs, Geo. Black, Jos. Walton, Jos. Dilworth, Dr. A. Patton, John C. Risher, H. B. Hays. EARLY HISTORY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA. The Pennsylvania Railroad is a monument to the perseverance of John Stevens, of New York, who had an idea that there was a great future for the tramway, which was then in use but lightly. Bands of iron were nailed to the top of wooden rails, and horses pulled loaded wagons along these. As early as 1812, Stevens, who was a steamboat man, appealed to the legisla- ture of New York for help in working out his railroad ideas but was refused after being told he was a crank. Filled with sorrow at the way in which he had been treated, Stevens in 1823, then tottering on the verge of fourscore years, turned his face hope- fully toward Pennsylvania, and after some trouble, got the legislatttre to agree to franchise a railroad from Philadelphia to Columbia, Pa. This franchise was given for fifty years, but Stevens was not able to raise the capital to construct the line. It was at Columbia that those coming from Philadelphia toward the head waters of the Ohio took the canal, and as the years passed, the problem of how to better the travel from Philadelphia to Columbia, became a pressing one. In the fall of 1828 the legislature, having become satisfied Chris. S. PriiiRle Joint Agent at Brownsville Union Station Harry A. Shank Trainmaster Monongahela K. K. John Krniire Snperintendent of ISIonongahela Railroad 102 Early History of the Pennsylvania that nothing would be done by corpoi"ations or individuals, decided to eon- struct a line itself, and the line from Philadelphia to Columbia by way of Lancaster was authorized. The work was then begun, btit there was great opposition, and it w'as not until almost seven years after that the little line was opened. This was the initial step toward a railroad system, the Pennsyl- vania, which has since grown into the greatest in the world. Manj^ are the amusing stories told of the initial trip over the new line. It occurred April 15-16, 1834. There was a select party, and an engine called Black Hawk, thought to be the acme of mechanical skill, was brought into play. The start was made from the Columbia end of the line, and on the 15th the party went from Coltimbia to Lancaster. W. A. Cobiini Veteran Railroad Man of the Three Towns But, continue the railroad jottrney at niglit? Not they! They dis- embarked, and put tip at a hotel, and stabled their horses for the night. Yes, they had horses, and a tram car following the train to pick up the party in case the engine should play out, and such a contingency was expected every minute of the way. Those who risked life and limb behind Black Hawk knew what the real horses could do, but they were not so sure abovit the iron horse, so, to make sure of getting hoine properly should anything happen, they took the horses along with them. Kennedy Crosson J. C. Keller Contractors for the Construction of the Monongahela and Connellsville Central Railroad through Brownsville and Bridgeport 104 Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad But the horses were not needed. Until death, however, those who went on the memorable trip told with great glee of how they had at times to get off the little train and put their shoulders to the wheel and help Black Hawk tip the grades. On the next day the trip was resumed, and Philadelphia was reached early in the evening. It required 9i hours to make the trip from Lancaster. And, thotigh now started, the trials of the railroad were not yet over. They, in fact, had, like the road, only just begun. There was a world of opposi- tion to' the railroad, and the gi'eatest opposing factor was the teamster. For years great six-horse teams had traveled the highway leading over the mountains from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, and they resented anything which might be constructed as liable at any time to oppose them. And the team- sters, besides, being of themselves powerful, had friends just as powerful, and the combination fought hard. There were hundreds of small wagon taverns along the pike, they being necessary for the accommodation of the hundreds of six-horse teams which passed, hauling freight to or from Pittsburg. These tavern keepers were strong now, and they saw in the coming of the railroad the killing of their good trade, and they joined hands Avith the teamsters to block the progress of what is now the Pennsylvania railroad. Public meet- ings were held, and the railroad was scored roundly. In many districts the railroad was made the bone of contention at elections, but it had come to stay. Out of this small beginning the Pennsylvania road grew to its present proportions, though it was not until almost the middle of the century when the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. took shape, and later traversed practically the route taken by the old line years before from Columbia to Philadelphia. THE PITTSBURGH &- LAKE ERIE RAILROAD. The Pittsbtu-gh & Lake Erie Railroad Company, now one of the most im- portant roads in the country, was organized May 11th, 1875, with a capital stock of $2,000,000. The first board of directors were : Wm. McCreery, President; directors, Wm. McCreery, Joshua Rhodes, James Westerman, George C. Reis, John Bissell, John F. Dravo, Wm. H. Short, P. W. Keller, A. J. McKinley. Secretary, John Bissell; Treasurer, Wm. M. Short. The railroad was first constructed from Pittsburgh to Yotmgstown and New Castle, a distance of 70 miles. The construction of the road was let to Contractor P. J. McGann of Lan- caster, Pa., who built it from the mill of Jones & Laughlin on the South Side to Haselton Furnace in Ohio. In 1877, through the President of the Company, two important contracts were made for traffic with the L. S. & M. S. Ry., through its President, Wm. Vanderbilt, and the Atlantic and Great Western, through its President, J. H. Davereux. The Lake ]\rie Never Killed a Passeiifier 10-") In 1S7S the first locomotive crossed the Ohio River Bridge, and in this year the following officers were elected; James 1. Bennett, President; Jacob Ilenrichi, David Hostctter, John Reeves, M. W. Walson, James M. Bailey, Josliua Rhodes, Wm. M. Lyon, John F. Dravo, lames M. Schoonmaker, J. H. Davereux, John Newell, Jacob Painter, Directors. The Board elected John Reeves, Vice President; Samuel George, Jr., Treasurer; Sebastian Wimmer, Chief Engineer; Samuel Rhea, Secretary; fames H. McCreery, General Solicitor; Wm. Stearns, Superintendent of Construction. October 15, 1878, the following officers were elected: Chas. A. Chipley, General Freight Agent; A. D. Smith, Auditor and General Passenger Agent; John G. Robinson, Secretary and Treasurer. Nov. 22, 1878, a contract was made with the Western Union Telegraph Company for the telegraph service, and with the Pittsburgh Transfer Com- panv for its transfer service. In 1879 a contract was made with the Union Express Company for ex- press traffic. Passenger and freight trains began running February 24th, 1879. PITTSBURG, McKEESPORT & VOUGHIOGHENY The Pittsburg, McKeesport & Yotighiogheny Railroad, under the manage- ment of the P. & L. E. R, R. Co., was organized in 18 — , and its construction was finished to New Haven with its connecting branch lines in 18 — . This road also purchased the McKeesport and Belle Vernon Railroad, which had been constructed from McKeesport to Belle Vernon in 1890, and extended its lines over this distance. This line was extended to Fayette City in 1895, where the constrtiction was stoj)ped until the extension to Brownsville which was made in 1903, and the road opened August 31st, of that year. THE LAKE ERIE RAILROAD NEVER KILLED A PASSENGER The Pittsburg and Lake Erie Railroad is the Pittsburg end of the immense Vanderbilt system, or New- York Central lines, which ha\-e an aggregate mileage of 12,000 and of the many lines controlled by the Vanderbilts there is none which gives better results to its owners or better satisfaction to its patrons than this same "Little Giant," a sturdy member of the Vanderbilt family. And, the "Little Giant" never killed a passenger. No, not in the 25 years in which it has carried millions of passengers has the life of one in- trusted to its care been lost. This is a record of which any line in the world might well be proud. It is the truthful record of the Pittsburg & Lake Erie. 106 Vice President and General Manager J. M. Schoonmaker Monongahela River Bank Back of "Neck" Before Fill VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL MANAGER J. M. SCHOONMAKER Bvit since the day uf its initiation there has been connected with the "Little Giant" one who has ever watched. He is Col. J. M. Schoonmaker, now vice president and general manager of the line. Much of the success of the "Little Giant" can be traced directly to this wide-awake man, who can be found at his office all hours of the day. There is not a move made over the entire system of Avhich Vice President Schoonmaker is not familiar, and most of them are made under his direct supervision. No higher tribute can be paid Colonel Schoonmaker than in the state- ment that it was he who put in and perfected the block system which has made the Pittsburg & Lake Erie the most envied of roads. There is a block approximately for every half mile of the main line of track, and its leased lines are being fitted out with a similiar system as fast as the people handling this equipment can jnit it in. The advantage of a block on each half mile of track cannot be overesti- mated. One train cannot enter on a half mile block when a red Hght is shown. That means danger in the half mile covered by the block on which the train is entering, and the engineer stops dead. If, however, a green light be shown, \'icf Presitkiit and Creneral Manager J. M. Schoonmaker 107 MonongaliL-la River Bank Hack of "Neck" After Fill that means that there is something in the seccind block ahead, and the train moves cautiously. If both of the arms of the semaphore, the red light and the green light, arc down, it means a clear track, and that the train can rush ahead. And all this is handled by electricity. Shovtld a rail break on the line the red light and the green light for several succeeding blocks on either side of the track will be shown, and all trains must come to a dead stop. If there is foreign substance on the track enough to disarrange it, such as the falling of a slide — this means that the red light and the green light will be shown, for the circuit has been broken. This is one of the systems installed by Colonel Schoonmaker, and to its complete workings may be attributed much of the success of the line and its freedom from accidents. Since Colonel Schoonmaker assumed control of the Pittsbtu-g &- Lake Erie its bvisiness has trebled, and more. In his work he has been ably as- sisted by a force of officials second to none in the country. In every depart- ment the "Little Giant" prides itself that it has the right man in the right place, and perhaps to no department more than any other is particular credit due. To the outsider is noticeable the esprit du corps of the official force. They pull together, always together, and from beginning to end this is also a 108 INIonongahela Railroad Company -^ 1 view of Point Before Cut at Mouth of Redstone Creek feature of the rank and file of the men. Perhaps the fact that they are well looked after will aceount for this. Their health is thought of, their personal comforts while on duty are taken care of, and when they are off dut3^ they have provided for their entertainment Y. M. C. A. rooms and places of amuseinent uplifting and highly moral in their character. This particular feature is one of the things forever in the minds of the management. MONONGAHELA RAILROAD COMPANY. The Monongahela R. R. and the one that will eventually make of the Three Towns one metropolis was organized in 1900, and the stock of this company is owned jointly by the P. R. R. Co., and the P. & L. E. R. R. Co., in equal proportions. It operates from Redstone Creek extending up the Monongahela River and around to Redstone Junction and Uniontown with various branches extending into the "Klondike Region," and at present covers a distance of about 37 miles, all in the county of Fayette. The officers are: Col. J. M. Schoonmaker, of the P. & L. E. R. R. Co., President; Samuel Rea, Munon^;ihel;i Railroad Compaii; 109 view of I'oiiit After Cut at ;\Iout}i of Redstone Creek of the P. R. R., Vice President; T. Ashton, Treasurer, and F. W. Swartz, Secretary. It was concluded to Intild this road after the t\\'(j great corportions had about decided to extend their lines into this section of the country, and as they would have conflicted with each other's locations at several points, they wisel)' decided to build one line, on the east bank of the river, both roads to participate in the construction, operation and inaintenance of the same. There were many obstacles to meet and overcome as the topography of the cotmtry is such as to require skillful engineering to locate a line so as to do the least harm to the property owners and yet get a proper location for the safe operation of the railroad. This has all been accomplished, and the engineering and rights-of-way matters have been carried throtigh with slight recourse to the courts. The line has already a double track from Dunlap's Creek to Redstone Creek, and in its entire distance through the two t<_>wns of Browns\'ille and Bridgeport there are only two grade crossings. It can readily be seen that this railroad is of inestimable advantage to this region, as it gives us the complete service of both the P. & L. E. R. R. and the P. R. R., with one system of tracks and having a passenger schedule of thirty-two trains daily to Pittsburg where connection is made with the lines of the P. R. R. and the 110 Program of Opening of the Monongaliela Railroad P. & L. E. east and Avest and with other roads to all points of the compass. There are two passenger trains each way, daily on the Monongahela railroad that in addition to the above connection also make connection at Redstone Junction and Union town, with the Sovithwestern Pennsylvania lines. The Monongahela railroad also has the traffic of two express lines, the Adams of the Pennsylvania lines and the American, of the P. & L. E. Although it is operated and maintained entirely separate and apart from either of the big systems, it connects with the P. & L, E. R. R. at a point a few hundred feet north of Redstone Creek, and with the P. R. R. at a point about equal distance sotith of Redstone Creek, affording ample facilities for freight and passenger traffic in this vicinity. These roads already have an enormous tonnage coming out of the "Klondike Region" in the way of coal and coke and other minerals as well as a very good passenger traffic. To handle the freight traffic of the region traversed by the Monongahela railroad, it requires at present, twenty-five trains daily or about six hundred cars. The traffic is mostlv coal, coke and merchandise, principally the first two named, as the road traverses the Klondike or lower Connellsville region which is one of the richest in the western part of Pennsylvania if not in the world. There are (3,000 ovens with a capacity of 60,000 tons per day, and 25 mines with a capacity of 80,000, tons daily already in operation on the Monongahela Railroad. PROGRAM OF OPENING OF THE MONONGAHELA RAILROAD While both passenger and freight traffic actually commenced on the Monongahela railroad on Monday, August 31, 1903, the formal opening did not occur till Friday, September 4th. This day was celebrated by a grand banquet tendered the officers of the P., V. & C, the Lake Erie and the Monongahela railroads, at the new Pennsylvania Hotel. The tempting viands were prepared and served in royal style under the supervision of the genial host of the new hostelry, James H. Risbeck, and was a fitting climax to the completion of the road by Keller & Crossan and D. F. Keenan, the most prominent railroad builders in the country. The weather was perfect, every detail of the arrangements for the celebra- tion had been carried out to the letter; except that Judge LTmble was master of ceremonies instead of Judge Reppert who for some reason could not attend. PROGRAM. 10:30 a. m. — Concert by the Bulger Band, at Brownsville Station. 12:00 noon — Lunches for visitors at the various hotels. 2:00 p. m. — Public exercises at the Pennsylvania Hotel, with addresses as follows : Address by President George L. Moore in behalf of the Board of trade. Address by Burgess T. A. Jefferies in belialf of the people of the munici- jjalities. -^^l^^^^^^^K ^P...^^(:^IHHK ' ^ ■ m IK 1 %; «■ M ii 1' 112 Program of Opening of the Monongahela Railroad Address by Gcn'l Supt. J. B. Yohe, representing the P. & L. E. railway. Address by Colonel Crawford in behalf of the P. R. R. Address by Major G. W. Neff in behalf of the county and the Monongahcla Valley. Address by T. Jeff Duncan, Escp, of Washington, Pa. 7 ;30 p. m. — Band concert at the Union Station. 8:30 p.m. — Band concert at the Barr House. 9:00 p. m. — Board of Trade banquet at the Pennsylvania Hotel, with Judge Umbel master of ceremonies. There was delightftil music by the Bulger band throughout the day. The visiting railway men were met by a committee and entertained at luncheon at the Barr House. At 2:00 p. m. on the veranda of the Pennsylvania Hotel, George L. Moore called the public meeting to order. He said in part: "We are met to celebrate what should have been done half a century ago. The historian, when asked what has taken the first part in the develop- ment of this country will answer, 'transportation. ' There can be no growth without transportation. The first route was the river, the next the trail and stage line. Colonel Burd came over the trail made by Nemacolin near historic Redstone. Brownsville was laid out and plotted as a town in 1784, Bridge- port in 1795. Bridgeport was incorporated by act of legislature Mar. 9, 1814, and Brownsville, Jan. 9, 1815. The Dunlap bridges were built in 1794, 1809, 1821 and 1835. The river bridge was built in 1833. Among ovir earliest industries Avas boat building. The building of the National Road was a historic event of 1818. Soon after this the place was offered railroad facilities by the B. & O. but the offer was dec ined. A little later the Smithfield street bridge, Pittsburg, was built and placed so low that our shipping and manufacturing declined. Such, in brief, was our history. During no time have we actually retrograded. Farming and educational interests have been fostered and we have sent out some men who have held high positions. Our banking business has been a matter of great pride. We have furnished one of the most logical thinkers that the country has produced and another who now holds a national portfolio. We are met to celebrate an important event in our history. It is my wish to see these old corporations united. We con- gratulate you, men of the Lake Erie, the P. R. R. and the Monongahela railroad on the manner in which you have overcome many difficulties. " T. A. Jefferies, burgess of Bridgeport, was introduced. He welcomed the visitors in the name of the towns. He said: "Representatives of the various railroads and my feUow-citizens: It has been said that we are met to celebrate what ought to have been done 50 years ago. We feel joyful and with cause. The railways have given an imptxlse to business, and property which a few years ago went begging, now is locked up at most prohibitive prices. Why should we not celebrate? The day is passed when it was considered no hardship to straddle a horse and ride miles over the country. Gentlemen of the railroads, we recognize your difficulties and are grateful to you. We are also pleased that the river route was chosen rather than one farther inland that would have damaged the place even more. We recognize the work of the right-of-way man and his difficulties. Our Proij;rcss of ()])cniii.<;" of Moiionyaliela Railroad 113 Ureal Curvt- on MonuiiKaheln Railroad troubles are over and we welcome and congratulate you. The town is yours. We are sorry the president of the M. R. R. cannot be here but we are pleased over his personal interests and glad of the choice of such courteous men in charge of the road's interests. We are especially suited with Mr. Ermire and are ready to join hands with him." Mr. Jefferies mentioned J. C. Grooms, C. S. Pringle and other townsmen who have been chosen for railway positions as specially fitted for the places. J. B. Yohe, general superintendent of the Lake Erie then replied for his road. He said: " I am unaccustomed to juiblic speaking and were it not for the fact that I am among so many old friends, I would hesitate to address j'ou. Inasmuch, however, as on the banks of this river I first saw steamboats as they plied the Monongahela river, and note the improved methods of transportation and the wonderful development of your commvmity, why should I not feel at home ? "As one of President Schoonmaker's lieutenants and as an ofiticial of the Pittsburg and Lake Erie railroad company, I acknowledge with grateful thanks the hearty welcome and splendid ovation tendered us here today. I know that it will be a difficult task indeed for us to meet or e\-en approach the 114 Superintendent J. B. Vohe's Speech splendid service afforded yovi by our friends and neighbors, the Pennsyl- vania railroad. I would ask for no prouder distinction for the Pittsburg and Lake Erie Railroad Company than to ha\-e you say for us that our service measured up to that of the Pennsylvania railroad. It is largely due to the personal efforts of my friend Colonel Crawford and his able assistant, Mr. Taylor, that you are today enjoying the facilities afforded by two great railroads. "The woi'k of extending our lines from Fayette City to your territory has been a difficult task, but throvigh the pluck and energy of our management our hopes are today fully realized and we bring to your commercial world, a modern railroad, one fully equipped to meet all conditions, furnishing yovi 13,630 miles of railroad, having formed a connection with our system, under a working arrangement, whereby your products may be speedily and safely transported. "This new railroad whose completion you are welcoming today will be an important factor in your industrial development. Coal, which for j^ears has remained undeveloped, will be ojjened up and on what are now pasture fields there will soon be built great rows of coke ovens. Towns will be built, industries encotiraged and your towns will enjoy and reap the benefits and advantages of the great improvements thus made. "The operations of this road will be suju-rvised by Mr, John Ermire, one of your own fellow-townsmen and well kncjwn to you all. He is one of the best known transportation men in the country thoroughly familiar with your local conditions, courteous and kind and understanding all the wants of your people. He will endeavor to see that they are fully met. "We extend to you ovir hand in grateful acknowledgment of the broad- minded spirit of co-operation with which you have received us. " Colonel Crawford, chief engineer of constrtiction of the P. R. R. rejilied for that line. He said: "When the New York Central interests met Mr. Cassatt the question for a route for the railway extension here was qtiickly settled. As a mark of progress, I note that 52 years ago $20 would buy an acre of coal. Now $600 is the lowest price Mr. Grooms can get it for from our best friends. Every- thing comes to him who waits. There is no telling what may be accomplished. I hope to come back in twenty years and find even greater stirprises. You are surrounded by about 30 coal and coke plants with thirty million of dollars invested and a pay roll of a million a month. Now is the time to plan sanitary sewerage and a pure water svipply for the future so you can reach out and take care of the industries. " Major G. W. Neff, the Tenth Regiment veteran, was called upon. He paid tribute to the Three Towns' history. The first engine and boat that plied the waters to New Orleans took a Brcnvnsville cargo and was built in Bridgeport in 1814. He said; , "If I owned the Monongahela Valley 1 wouldn't trade it for any kingdom in Europe. Untold millions lie dormant here, ^'our |)e()])le have always been ingenious and enterprising." At night the first annual Board of Trade dinner in honor of the visiting Three Towns Board of Trade IJaiuiucl 115 Moiiongahela Railroad Crane No. ! railway men was given. Landl(_)rd Risbeck served a tine menu. More tlian one htnidred persons sat down to the bancjuet in the elegant dining room of the new hotel. President Moore of the Board introduced the toastmaster of the e\-ening, judge Umble, who announced the formal speeches between courses. The judge is a tactful master of ceremonies and each theme was enriched with a good story. Mr. L. A. Robison, general passenger agent of the P. & L. E., was the first s].ieaker. He admitted that he represented the spectacular element of railroading but took the credit of hrst ]:)lacing Browns- \'ille on the railway maj). His department tights the ]:)eo])le's battles and he asks for cordial co-o]ieration to make the local station and service the best possible. J. B. Yohe expressed the thanks of the railway men for the dinner tendered them and voiced their admiration for the beautiful, new hotel. At 11 ]).m. the special train was scheduled to leave and the railroaders had to go without enjoying the greater part of the dinner. Attorney Wooda N. Carr, of Union- town spoke humorously and elorjuently of the "Past, present and future of Fayette County. " He said nothing was dearer to him than the Monongahela valley. He considered Fayette the greatest county in the greatest state. T. Jeff Duncan of Washington, Pa., spoke of "The boys of Brownsville." He held that events rather than men make history and he related some of the notable events of his bovhood here. IIR Three Towns Board of Trade Banquet Pennsylvania Railroad Bridge at Point Hon, L. F. Arensbcrg responded to the toast "The greatest state in the Union." He told of the state's marvelous strength in resources. W. E. Crow spoke of "Things I saw at Atlantic City. " Major Neff spoke on the Tenth Regiment. Chas. F. Kefover, Esq., and Attorney George Jefferies of Uniontown spoke of county and local themes and the mellowed words flowed like honey from the lips of these well-known orators. The Pennsylvania Hotel, though not in eomjjlete order nor fully furnished ^ was in splendid array for the banquet and Mr. Risbeck, proprietor, and R. L. Aubrey, owner, received many compliments on the success achieved. The P. & L. E. officials and representatives included J. B. Yohe, general superintendent of transportation; C. H. Bronson, L. A. Robison, L. H. Turnier, R. Evans, W. A. Terry, J. A. Atwood, C. L. Gist, J. C. Grooms, Myron Wood and R. M. Fulton. Colonel Crawford and Engineer Taylor represented the P. R. R., and John Ermire, superintendent of the M. R. R. also was present. Among those present from down the river, were noted, from Belle Vernon, C. F. Eggers, E. L. Sears, R. J. Linton, Samuel Jones, M, J. Clifford, C. L. Donahoe, T. O. Nichols, J. B. Biles, Dr. J. S. Van Voorhis, John Irons, J. A. Alon.y; the Mononjiahela I.iiie 117 Cook and T.. M. Truxall, of tin- luitcriJi-isi-; l'rcsi(U-nt Noss of the California Normal and i'-dilor Moses of the "Sentinel;" from Charleroi, Sam Todd; from Monessen, P. E. Uonner and W. C. Fishburn. ALONG THE MONONGAHELA LINE. The following are the names of the stations along the Monongahela line from Brownsville Junction to Redstone Junction near Union town, a distance of about 72 miles including the sjiurs that run out from a number of places: Brownsville J unction Brownsville Bridgeport Lock No. 5 Rush Run Big Meadow Run Maxwell LaBelle Fredericktown East Millsboro Rices Landing Arensberg East Riverside Gates Lambert Gates Huron Ron CO Masontown Grays Landing Martin Grays Landing Infield Grays Landing Masontown Ronco Huron Lardin Moser Rvm Junction Edenborn Moser Rim Junction Leckrone Ache Junction Footedale New Salem Footedale Ache Jvmction Redstone Jiinction It will be observed that several of the stations are repeated. These are points where the train leaves the main lint' running out branches and re- turning to the Junction station. Ache Junction on the Coal Lick end of the line is under the Monongahela jurisdiction. Concrete culverts wide enough for two tracks ha\-e Ijcen constructed all along the line and the hundred-foot right of way traverses one of the prettiest and most promising valleys on earth. Cokes is the thing and it is no longer Peaceful Valley. Already thousands of ovens are smoking and in other places the long rows of furnaces are in place or being started. The develop- ment is on a scale that is almost beyond comprehension. LaBelle is making coke and extensions go busily forward. At Millsboro a water tank has been placed with a windmill and S H. P. Morse gasoline ])umping engine. The Hustead-Semans Coke company has started digging a slope at this point and has a force of surveyors and laborers on the ground. McLanc's Ferry is the site of a new brewery. Two coke plants ap])ear near that point. The Ri\-erview company is on the right with 400 ovens and the Masontown Coal and Coke company on the left of the track going up. The Cats Run branch of the Pennsylvania meets the Monongahela line at that point. The Coal Lick and Lambert branches, still further above, also join the valley route. Gates is the location of the American Steel and Wire com})any's coal ])lant with a great, modern equipment for shaft mining and loading by rail or river. Alonir the ]Monoii<^ahela Line 119 Connellsville Central Railroad I!ri run through the county seats of successive counties; the eastern terminus to be the western shore of Lake Sttperior, near the present site of Duluth. Also that it shtnild cross the Rockies where the present road crosses, and its western terminus be the Bay of San Francisco. Drawing a map and plan of his proposed railroad, he wrote a letter detailing the plans and methods, the reasons for the same, and forwarded the whole to Hon. Andrew Stewart who was then a member of Congress from Union town. I'a. The plans and details were shown to a numlier of Congressmen, who were favorably impressed, bvit thought it advisable to have any proposition relating thereto, come from a western man. Accordingly Senator Benton who was nearing the zenith of his glory, was selected. He arose in his place in the Senate on the following day and proposed the building of a road to the Pacific. In the later years of Mr. Stewart's life he wrote a letter to Mr. Wilgus rec- ognizing him as the first to projiose the road, and complimenting him upon the grand consummation of his early hopes, as the road was, at the time Mr. Stewart wrote, nearly completed. It is related of Mr. Wilgus, that he used to sit in his office, in the then littel village of Perryopolis, and entertain a score or more of young men, who had learned to love and respect him for his ready and profound answers to all kinds of ciuestions. He was a very entertaining conversationalist and his character for integrity was unimpeachable. "Why," the reader may ask. " did he not make himself known?" Simply because he was modest. Com- ])limented on his great learning and intellectual grasp, by the learned of his time, urging him to preach, practice medicine or the law, from time to time, he ])referred to keep on attaining the highest of knowledge, and then, as if despising the dross and empty honors of earthly success, he sought the com- panionship of children who were delighted to call him "Grand-pap." Siich a man projjosed the building of the Pacific Railroad. .LETTER OF "TARIFF" ANDY STEWART. The Wilgus family ha\'e the original letter above referred to, written by Hon. A. Stewart. We present a part of it: Uniontown, Pa.. Jime 25, 1869. John Wilgus, Esip'., Brownsville, Pa. Dear Sir: I have just reed, your letter of yesterday, inclosing com- munication to the "Commercial" of Pittsburg, in reference to a corre- spondence between trs relative to the "Pacific Railroad" between 20 and ;10 years ago. I have a perfect recollection of having numerous letters from you urging me as a member of the committee on railroads and canals, to call the attention of Congress to this subieet in which vou took so much interest. 122 Letter of "Tariff" Andy Stewart Your first route was from Lake Michigan, by the Columbia River, to the Pacific, but after the acquisition of Cahfornia, you changed it from St. Louis to San Francisco. Of this route, you sent me a very handsome map, following, according to my recollection, very nearly the route on which the road has lately been built, which map I had suspended in the Hall of the House of Representatives, for the inspection of members. I drew ttp a resolution authorizing the President to employ a corps of engineers of the V . S. Army, to examine and report the practicability of the proposed project, which resoltition I submitted to a number of members of Congress, especially to those of the west, who were most favorably disposed. Upon consideration and reflection, however, I concluded that the resolution had better be first offered in the Senate, that being a smaller body, and where smaller western states were comparatively much stronger than in the House. I therefore took the resolution, with your map, to the Senate w^here I was advised by those friendly to the project, to hand the papers to Senator Benton of Missouri. I did so and he promised to attend to the matter. I advised you of this arrangement with which you expressed yourself satisfied and said you wotild write Benton on the subject. He afterwards informed me that yoti had done so. Should I find anything further material to your inquiry, I will let you know. Very respectfully your friend, Andrew Stewart. Biographies of Some of the Railroad Officials. Col. Jamks M, Schoonmaker, though a native and resident of PittsVjurg, was once kirgely interested in the develoj>ment of the vast coal and coke interests in Fayette County, and his popularity here, and prominent position in the management of the railroads, that have done so much for Fayette Coimty and are still advancing her interests, makes special mention of him in this work, most appropriate. James Schoonmaker, the father of Colonel Schoonmaker, mo\-ed to Pitts- burg from Ulster County, New York, in 1836, where he entered the drug business when but twenty-three years of age. In 1841 , he married Miss Mary Stockton, a daughter of Rev. Joseph Stockton of Pittsburg. To this union there were born nine children, five sons and four daughters, James M. lieing the oldest. In 1862 I\Ir. Schoonmaker received his commission as colonel being then only a little o\'er twenty years of age and believed to be the yotmgest officer of his rank in the Federal army. Colonel Schoonmaker was conspicuous for his activity and bravery throughout the war, taking part in the campaign in the Shenandoah Valley with the army of the Shenandoah under Phil. Sheridan during the fall of 1864. After the war Colonel Schoonmaker returned to ci\-il life and was for a number of years actively engaged in the coal and coke business with his father-in-law, William H. Brown, but of late years has devoted himself almost exclusively to railroad business, more extended mention of which is made under the head of "Railroads and Transportation," in connection with the Pittsburg & Lake Erie. Colonel Schoonmaker is Vice President of the P. &- L. E., President of the McKeesport iS: Yotighiogheny, and also President of the Monongahela Railroad, the new line just opened uj) into the Klondike. He is a man of remarkable executive ability, phenomenal energy and is verv popular in railroad circles and there is perhaps not a man among the armv of his sub- ordinates who is not an enthusiastic admirer of the Colonel. There is no discord or dissension in the ranks of his men and it is to this as well as to Colonel Schoonmaker's unqticstioned ability, that the P. & L. E. and the other roads with which he is connected, owe their poptrlarity and success. Colonel Schoonmaker is a director of the Union Trust Company and also a director of a number of other like financial institutions of Pittsburg. He has a palatial residence at the corner of Ellsworth and Morewood avenues. East End, Pittsburg, where he and his family reside. He also has a fine cottage in Spring Lake, N. J., where they usually spend the summer. Joseph U. Crawford was l)orn at Ury Farm, Philadelphia, August 25, 1842, and educated at John \A'. Faires' school, from which he went to the University of Pennsylvania in the class of 1862. He enlisted and went out with the Washington Grays of Philadelphia in 124 Robert W. Taylor, Jr. April, ISni; was appointed Second Lieutenant of Company B, Sixth New Jei-sey, September, 1861; was made First Lieutenant of the same company at the battle of Williamsburg, May 5, 1862; Captain Company A, Sixth New Jersey, at the battle of Seven Pines, June, 1862; engineer officer, field fortifica- tions, General Hooker's staff, at Fair Oaks, upon the Peninsula, in 1862; served with his company as captain through the Pope and Gettysburg campaigns; engineer officer on Major-General Gershom Mott's staff through the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and Petersburg campaigns, and was honorably mentioned in United States Army Re])orts for good conduct at Seven Pines, 1862, and Morton's Ford in 1863. He followed engineering since the war, and was first identified with the Pennsylvania railroad system as Senior Assistant Engineer of the Alex- andria &' Fred crick sbiirg railroad during 1871 and 1872. He was Principal Assistant Engineer, and afterwards Engineer, of the California Division of the Texas & Pacific railroad under Col. Thomas A. Scott, and on his recom- mendation Mr. Crawford was appointed consulting engineer to the govern- ment of Japan in 1878, at the close of which engagement he was decorated by the Emperor of Japan with the Order of the Rising Sun. After his return to America he was employed by the late Jay Gould to make transcontinental examinations and surveys between the Pacific coast and Salt Lake City, as well as in Wyoming and Nebraska Territories. In the fall of 1882 he again entered the service of the Pennsylvania railroad company as Chief Engineer of the Pennsylvania Schuylkill Valley railroad, and built the Piedmont and Cumberland railroad in 1886 and 1887. He was appointed assistant to Mr. J. N. DuBarry, Second Vice President of the Pennsylvania railroad company, in August, 1S8V), and, vx])on the death of that officer, was appointed Engineer of Branch Lines. In addition to the above positions he is a director of various companies associated with the Pennsylvania system. He was appointed Chief Engineer of the Southwestern and Atlantic rail- road company, now the Norfolk and Porstmouth Belt Line railroad company, and the New York, Philadelphia and Norfolk Railroad company, on the 2Sth of July, 1897. Upon the recommendation of Mr. Frank Thomson, then President of the Pennsylvania railroad company, he was appointed by the Secretary of War, Consulting Engineer for the United States Government to examine into and report tipon the transportation facilities in Cuba, which position he held from October, 1898, to May, 1899. The standing of Colonel Crawford as a civil engineer, and the confidence in his superior ability, is shown Ity the great Pennsylvania Railroad company in the fact that he has charge of all new lines constructed by that company or in which that company is interested. He is chief engineer of the Monon- ofahela River road and the Connellsville Central. Robert W. Taylor, Jr., was b(.)rn in Muskegon, Michigan, July 4, 1872, and is a son of R. W. and Josephine (ChoUette) Taylor. While he was yet quite young his parents moved to Chicago and it was in the schools of that J().sej)h C. ( ■. rooms 125 rity that lir received his early echieatidii. He afterwards took a coiirst' in the Toledo (Ohio) Manual Trainint;- School and at Lal'^ivelte College, ]'2aston, Pa. After conii)leting his education he accepted a ])osition with the Lehigli \'alley railroad as draftsman, where he remained from 1S',)4 to 1897. His office was located at Delano, Pa. From 1S97 to IS'.)'.) he was assistant engineer of the Cincinnati, Hamilton cK: Dayton railroad with headi [uartcrs at Cincinnati. He then acccptctl the i)osition of assistant engineer in charge of construction on the Lackawanna railroad with hcadfiuarters at Holx)ken, N. J., where he remained till some time during 1900 when he went to the B. & C). as assistant engineer with headijuarters at Baltimcjre. He remained here till 1901 when he accepted his present position, that of assistant engineer of the P. R. R. Mr. Taylor was engineer in charge of construction for the Monongahela railroad and occupies the same position on the Connellsville Central and deserves great credit for the excellent work done (m the Monon- gahela railniad and on the Connellsville Central in and around the Three Towns. November 14, 1895. Mr. Taylor married Miss Sara B. Wenner, daughter of Reuben and Elizabeth (Walton) Wenner. They ha\-e two children, Eliza- beth and Evlyn A. Taylor. While Mr. Taylor is yet a young man he stands high in railroad circles and is rapidly winning his way to deserved prominence. Joseph C. Grooms, the subject of this sketch, is one of our self-made men, and it is with pleasure and justifiable pride that we include a short sketch of his remarkably successful career among those of other prominent men of the Three Towns. Perha])S no greater or more deserved mark of respect can be shown Mr. Grooms than by quoting the following from the Pittsburgh Press in its report of the grand opening and gala day held in Brownsville at the formal opening of the Monongahela Railroad for traffic. Of that oc- casion the Press says: "The official in \vhom the citizens of Brownsville and Bridgeport felt most greatly and directly interested, and whom they did their best to royally entertain, was Joseph C. Grooms, the Land and Claim Agent of the Pitts- btirgh & Lake Erie Company. Mr. Grooms is probably as well known in the Monongahela Valley as any other railroad man. His biography is largely a history of the construction of railroads in this \'alley, and having been born and raised in Browns\'ille, the residents feel that the bringing of a railroad to Brownsville, and through to points beyond, is largely the result of Mr. Groom's jiersonal efforts." He is a son of the late Dr. Jas. B. Grooms, and was l)orn at Carmichels, Pa., March 7th, 1859, and came to Brownsville in bSIW;, where he entered the 126 Joseph C. Grooms public schools, taking the full course, and afterwards attending the Eden- btrrg State Norinal, and for several years taught in the public schools. He got an early taste for business in selling newspapers Avhich at that time were brought to Brownsville on the old packet lines, where he would get them at four o'clock in the morning to be distributed among his various customers. After this he was connected with numerous enterprises. When the Pennsylvania Railroad was completed to West Brownsville in 1881, he went into the office under Mr. W. A. Coburn, as clerk. From this position he was promoted to that of agent for the same company at East Eliza- beth station, where he remained tmtil the McKeesport and Belle Vernon Railroad was constructed. This road did not do much business at first and had a hard struggle for existence for a time. Mr. Grooms cultivated the acquaintance of the offi- cials of this new road, and later, when they offered him the position of General Passenger and Freight Agent, his friends thought it would be an injudicious move for him to relinquish the opportunities for advancement with a great system like the Pennsylvania for the not OA^er- brilliant prospects and pos- sibilities of the new" road, but Mr. Grooms did not think so, and accepted the position. As the titled official of a new road he soon came in contact with other railroad officials, among them Col. J. M. Schoonmaker and ex-Judge J. H. Reed. Their associations soon warmed into a friendship that has ever since continued, and a short time afterwards, when the McKeesport & Belle Vernon R. R. was taken over by the P. & L. E. R. R., Mr. Grooms was made General Agent in the Monongahela and Youghiogheny Valleys of the latter corporation, and in 1895 was appointed to the position of Land and Claim Agent of that compan3% which office he still holds with credit, both to him- self and the company. When the Pittsburg and Lake Erie and the Pennsylvania, determined to build the Monongahela railroad, Mr. Grooms was selected to purchase the right of way through this section of the country and particularly through the Three Towns. Owing to the vast amount of valuable property that had to be botight, particularly throtigh the "Neck" in Brownsville and further down the river, this was a Hurculean task, but no better man than Mr. Grooms could have been found. It certainly speaks volumes for him to state the fact that notwithstanding the extent and value of the property the railroad had to have, up to the present time but one lawsuit has resulted. While he is an affable and pleasant gentleman, he is active and ever alert to the interests of the corporation he represents. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, a Shriner, and a member of the M. E. Church. He is also a director of the Fourth National Bank of Pittsbtirg. In 1884 Mr. Grooms was married to Miss Jessie Ferguson, and they Avent to hovisekeeping in West Elizabeth. He now lives in the Oakland district, Pittsljurg, but has never forgotten his old friends nor the scenes of his early days. Mr. Grooms is not only popular with the people but stands high with the officers of the P. & L. E. and in railroad circles generally. George Dorsey — John l^rinire 127 George Dorsey is one of Washington (^ounty's most ]iromincnt and most highly respected citizens. He was bnrn in ]iast BcthU'hcnn Townshi]), that county, November 11, 1S33, and is a son of James and Elizabeth (Elder) Dorsey who came to Washington Cotmty from Maryland in an early day. His grandparents were both born near Elicastle City which is about twenty miles from Baltimore, and came across the mountains and settled in Wash- ington County in 17S2, Ideating on l.oOO acres nf land (a tomahawk claim) 375 acres of which Mr. 'Dorsey still owns. Mr. Dorsey received his education ]irincipally in the West Brownsville schools and has followed farming, stock-raising and trafficking in wool and coal all his life except such time as he has devoted of late to railroading being now one of the right-of-way men for the P. R. R., the Monongahela railroad and the Connells\'ille Central. His sons now run the farm. January 1, 1854, Mr. Dorsey married Miss Martha Phillips, a daughter of Solomon and Mariah (Garrett) Phillips. To this tuiion there were born nine children, six of whom died in infancy. The living are Mariah Elizabeth, now the wife of W. S. Grimes who resides in East Pike Run Township, Wash- ington County, Pa,.Cashius A. and Charles I., who as before stated now live upon and run the home farm. The two sons married sisters, daughters of Mr. and Mrs. John Watkins. John Ermire, the present efficient superintendent of the Monongahela railroad, with -headquarters in Brownsville, is a native of Pennsylvania and was born in Wilmore, Cambria County. He is a son of Peter and Mary (O'Neil ) Ermire, and was educated in the jiublic schools of his native borough. He early evinced a taste for railroading and at the age of twelve years, learned telegraphy at the station of his home town. He held his first y)osition where he had learned the business, in 1S72. Stibscqucntly he held the position of operator at Johnstown, Irwin, Derry vStation and was ])romoted to yard- master on the P., V. & C. at Thompson, in October, ISSo. The next position to which Mr. Ermire was called was that of yardmaster and assistant trainmaster of the Sotithwestern Pennsyh^ania railroad at TJniontown being later pi'omoted to train dispatcher on the Pennsylvania railroad at Altoona. July 1, 1900, he was again promoted, this time being inade assistant trainmaster of the Monongahela di\-ision of the P. R. R. (South Side) , later coming to West Brownsville. When the Monongahela railroad was opened tip for traffic, without any I'xpectation on his part or any effort for such a consummation. Col. J. M. Schoonmaker, President of the road, tendered him the position of Super- intendent of the new road, Avhich he accepted. The position was tendered Mr. Ermire by Colonel Schoonmaker, as a surprise, he having arranged the whole matter with the other officers of the P. R. R. at Philadelphia. It was a merited mark of appro\-al and one of which Mr. Ermire may well feel proud. Some years ago Mr. Ermire was married to Miss Mary Moran, daughter of Captain John and Ellen (Owens) Moran of Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. In August, HH)2 thev moved to Brownsville where thev still reside. 128 Harry W. Shank — W. A. Coburn Harry W. Shank was born at Renova, Centre County. Pennsylvania, February 17. 1S75 and is a son of Jacob and Annie E.(lrvin) Shank. He received his early education in the Eagleville and Beech Creek schools and afterwards took a course ni ci\-il engineering in the International Correspond- ence schools, at Scran ton. Pa. In 1891 he accepted a position as telegraph operator on the Beech Creek railroad where he remained till 1893 when he went to the Monongahela Division of the P. R. R. In 1899 he was promoted to train dispatcher on the same road, which position he tilled in the most satisfactory manner till 1903 when he was given the position of trainmaster on the Monongahela railroad with headquarters at Brownsville. Mr. Shank is a popular young man, in railroad as well as in social circles and no doubt has a brilliant career before him. Atigust \r>, 1897, he married Miss .Clara M. Hayes, a popular and accompUshed young lady of Pittsburg. They have one child, a little daughter, Edna, and reside in Bridgeport, Pa. W. A. CoBV-RX who is at present and has for many years been station agent of the P., V. & C. at AYest Brownsville, was born in Monroe, Pennsylvania, Augvist 24, 1849, bvit his parents moved to Bridgeport when he was quite small and it was here that he received his education under such teachers as Gibbons, Langdon and Horner who were considered the best and most pro- gressive teachers of their day. He is a son of Gary D. and Phoebe (Ran- dolph) Coburn. For some time he conducted a mercantile business in the building that is now the P., V. &' C. Railroad depot. Mr. Coburn learned the cabinetmaking trade tmder Isaac Stevens in Frankfort Springs, Pennsylvania, and contintted in that business for seven years when he returned to Brownsville and again entered the mercantile business having a shoe store in the " Neck. " In connection with this he also handled the business for the Adams Express Company. In 1880 he accepted a position with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company as express messenger and to handle the freight between Belle Vernon and Brownsville. This was before there was any passenger traffic opened up on the road. May 1 5, 1881 he was appointed station agent at West Brownsville, which position he has continuously held since then. He was also for a time in charge of the scales of the P., V. & C. at West Brownsville Junction. About twenty-three years ago he married Miss Martha B. Porter a daughter of Elias and Margaret (Kclley) Porter of Rostraver Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. They now reside in Bridgeport. C. S. Pringle is a son of J. S. and Sarah Ellen (Snider) Pringle and was born in West Brownsville, Washington Coimty, Pa.. July 10, 1864, and educated in the West Brownsville schools which at that time were under the efficient management of Prof. E. W. Dalbey and were efjual to any high school in the Monongahela valley. C. vS. Pringle 129 After com])lcting his edvication, Mr. Pringle went to -work in his father's lioat yards in West Browns\-ille, w liere lie eon tinned for three years. He then worked at the same business for Axton & Pringle when the ])artnershi]) was formed by Pringle and Axton, after which he commenced working for the P. R. R. first taking a position on the construction train. When that train was taken off the road, he returned to the boat yards where he remained some time and then accepted the position of warehouseman at the West Browns\'ille station of the P. R. R. or what is more familiarl}- known as the P., \'. & C assuniing the duties of that ]:)osition in Deceml.)er, 1SS(S. He continued in this position till July (i, lUOo when he was ap])ointed agent at the Union station, Browns\'ille \\diere he is joint agent for the P., V. & C, the P. & L. P". and the Monongahela raih^oad. Mr. Pringle is not only popular in railroad circles l)Ut in church and lodge as well. He has been an active and consistent luember of the Cumberland Presbyterian church since 1879 and a member of the choir for the last twenty- one years. He is a niember of the Royal Arcanum, the B. P. O. E., the Jr. O. U. A. M., the K. of P. and the Modern Woodmen of America. November 20, 1895 he married Miss Elizabeth E. Duerner, a daughter of William and Mary (Stoll) Duerner of Titusville, Crawford County, Pennsyl- ^■ania. They have no children. k='i3tj=iiii;^ ^.rjr HON. JAMEvS G. BLAINE. Horn at West IJrownsville, Wasliiiigtoii Comil.v. Pa., .Iamiar\' M, 1S30. History of the Three Towns Location and Description — Early Settlers and Business Men — Steam- boat AND Keel-Boat Building — History of the Old Wooden Bridge — The Monongahela National Bank — Newspaper Enterprises — Long List of Pioneer Manufacturing Industries — Biography and Pictures of Many Prominent Citizens in the Past and Present — History of the Distilling Business — First and Present Borough Officials With Biography and Pictures — Large Map of the Three Towns — Interesting Reminiscences. SKETCH OF THE THREE TOWNS. Nestled among the hills of Fayette County, on the banks of the historic Mo- nongahela river, Brownsville on the one side of the no less historic Nemacolin creek (now called Dunlap's creek) and Bridgeport on the other side, and close to the banks of the Monongahela river on the Washington County side. West Brownsville, are the three towns that have come to be known far beyond their own -environments as the Three Towns. So closely are they connected and so inseparable are their interests that whatever degree of prosperity comes to the one is shared by the others. The main street of Brownsville is the main street of Bridgeport, the connecting link between them being the iron bridge across Nemacolin creek, that was bviilt by the government in 183(5 under the super\-ision of Gen. G. W. Cass. The castings of this bridge were made from iron ftirnished by the go\-ernment, at the Vulcan Iron and Steel Works first established in 1S24 by John Snowden, Jr. Prior to this there had been several bridges across this creek, the lurst one being carried away by the great flood of 1808. The next bridge of which we have any account, was a chain bridge that went down under a heavily loaded wagon and fotir horses, in March, 1820, which was about the time the National Road was completed. The contract for another bridge was then let to Samuel Story of Bridgeport, and the plans for it were drawn by Solomon G. Krepps. This Inidge was finished in 1821. EARLY SETTLERS AND BUSINESS MEN. Among the early settlers of the Three Towns, particularly those who were in business, maj' be noted the naines of some whose descendants are still here, though many of them have entirely disappeared. We name a few of the most prominent. Jacob Bowman who, by the way was postmaster in Brownsville for thirty- four years from the time it opened, William Hogg, Geo. Hogg. Adam Jacobs, John Snowden, Henry Switzer, Henry J. Rigden, Nathan Chalfant, Chad Chalfant, Robert Clarke, George Kinnear, Thos. McKibben, Elijah Clarke, rXlTKD STATES SENATOR, PHILANDER C. KNOX. ISoni at Brownsville. Fa.\ettt- County, Pa. Steamboat and Keel- Boat Buildintf 133 William Crawford, Valentine Giesey, George (iraff, George Johnston, Eli -Vbranis, (leorge Dawson, James W. Jefferies, C. L. Snowden, Samnel Steele, Dr. C\ C. Richard, George W. I'V-ar, T. S. Wright, Mrs. Jani' Ferguson, Cajn. ]\1. G. Corey, Dr. J. A. Huston, Ca].t. M. A. Cox, J. G. Sanl'nrth, J. Wallace, A. M. Thompson, Capt. A. C. Cock. (leorge W. Jones, Ca])t. A. li. Gaskill, James Risbeck, James S. Bench, Edward Herd, Iv Chanilierlain, E'^rank Long, C. L. Gummert. M. D., Jacob Mark, C. P. Acklin. K. J. Shui)e, Thos. N. Gmnmert, Fred S. Chalfant, John N. Honesty. R. \\ Hatfield, Wm. H. LeClcre, A. A. Carmack, Dr. U. L. Clemmer, W. H. Bulger, R. R. Bulger, C. Watkins, J. M. Bowell, William Chatland, George AV. Lenhart, Isaac L. Burd, Capt. J. L. Hendrickson, S. A. Phillips. G. S. Moorhead, E. Kaiser, Wm. B. Burd, W. Carlyle, John Herbertson, Judge Thomas Duncan, I). O. Allen, Samuel Thompson, W. H. Hiller, Patrick Watson, S. J. Adams, Robt. Buffington, John Allison, S. Voorhes, G. L. Moore, G. W. Springer, (). R, Knight, Neal Gillespie, Ephraim Blaine, John S. Pringle, J. D. S. Pringle, James Moffitt, Samuel Adams, Richard Watkins, Joseph Smith, Patrick Gormley, Morris Russell, Jacob Bennett, Dvmcan Campbell, Frank Dawson, Thos. Aubrey, Oliver C. Cromlow, E. N. Coon, Rcibert McKinley, J. D. Woodfill, H. D. Porter, J. U. Elwood, George Wheatley, J. T. Burton, Grant Siverd, H. B. Baker. Among the physicians of long ago, we iind, Drs Jesse Pennel, H. W. Stoy, Thos. G. Lamb, Caleb Bracken, Abraham Stanley, Matthew Oliver Jones, Charles Hubbs, W. G. Hubbs, J. A. Hubbs, William Stevens Duncan, J. B. Grooms, J. W. Worrell. Some of the above have gone hence and cast their lots with other peo])le while others have gone to that bourne from which no traveler ever returns. Elsewhere in this work will be found more extended mention of many in the above list and of others who have come vipon the scene in later years and are still actively engaged in business or with their professional duties. STEAMBOAT AND KEEL-BOAT BUILDING. As the Three To\\-ns was for a long time the head of slack-water navigation and the jiioneer p)oint in l;)oat bixilding west of the Allegheny mountains, we deem this subject worthy of considerable space. It is here that the first steamboats that ever navigated the Monongahela and Ohio rivers, were built, as well as many noted and historic craft that followed the " Enterjwise" and the "Dispatch," and here it was that hundreds of fiat and keel boats were built for the vast army of ])eoi)]e who came through o\-er the ])rimiti\'e ]iaths from Wills Creek (now Cumberland) and later over the National Pike, on their way to Kentucky, Ohio and the West and South, and who invariably stopped here, bought or built boats to carry their families and household goods as well as other merchandise and farming im]>lements, to their desti- nation. In consequence of the vast importance of the boat-building industry of this place, which is to this day still of no small import, we f[uote the following from Ellis' Historv of Favette Countv: 134 Daniel French's Enterprises steamer Columbia on Monongahela River DANIEL FRENCH'S ENTERPRLSES. "About 1811 Daniel French came from Philadelphia to Bridgeport, 'with big schemes of manufactmnng, steamboat building and navigating western waters. ' Some of the most influential and well-to-do citizens of Bridgeport, Brownsville and vicinity became so impressed with the apparent feasibility of his projects that they subscribed liberally to the stock of two companies which were formed, one for manufacturing, and the other for the building and running of steamboats. THE ENTERPRISE AND DISPATCH. "The latter company commenced operations withovit much delay, building two steamboats, the 'Enterprise,' and the 'Dispatch.' The former was built under the supervision of Israel Gregg, Henry M. Shreve, and Daniel French, on the bank of the river above Dunlap's Creek where Gregg, the next year, built the warehouse which afterward came into possession of the borough. The ' Dispatch ' was built on the spot where the ' Monument Mills' of Mason, Rogers & Co., was afterwards built (now the 'Eclipse Mills 'V The engines PROiNlINKNT STEAMBOAT CAPTAINS. Capt. Adam Jacobs. Dec'd. Capt. Isaac C. Woodward, Dec'd. Capt. M. A. Cox, Dec'd. Capf. I.saac M. Mason. Capt. Adam Jacobs, Jr. 136 First Steamer Between Pittsburg and New Orleans of both the 'Entcqn-ise' and the 'Dispatch' were bnilt by Daniel French. The career of the former boat is thus mentioned in the iovirnal of Mr. Robert Rogers : FIRST STEAMER BETWEEN PITTSBURG AND NEW ORLEANS. "In 1814 the larger of the two boats (the Enterprise) was sent to New- Orleans with Henry M. Shreve as captain. She arrived there when General Jackson's army was there, and was pressed into government service to carry troops and stores and contintied to do so till the close of the war. Then Shreve started with her to Pittsburg with considerable money, but on the way up the boat was robbed (so he said) of all her money. She finally ar- rived at Pittsburg.and the company got possession of her again. Then they employed Israel Gregg as captain. He ran her for a time, but made no monev though freight and passage was high. The company then chartered her to James Tomlinson who put his son-in-law, Daniel Worley, on as her captain, but he made no money, and let the boat sink a short distance below the fahs of the Ohio, so the company lost both the money and the charter. The 'Enterprise' of Bridgeport, was the first steamer that ever made the trip from Pittsbiirg to New Orleans and return. ROBERT ROGERS' DESCRIPTION OF THE DISPATCH'S TRIP. "The company's other boat, the 'Dispatch, ' is described by Mr. Rogers who was employed on board of her in her first trip down the river, as follows: "Our engine was on the low-pressure principle, codensing the steam, and the fires were made inside the boilers. We had two boilers laid on the bottom of the boat. She was open hull, and was SO feet keel and 11 feet beam. The water wheel was only eight feet in diameter, and worked inside the boat, the rudder being aft of it. * * * * I was second engineer with Israel Gregg as captain. The boat started on her trip in December, 1815. Part of the load was taken on at Brigdeport, and this having been done, it was announced that she would take her departure the next morning; but no watchman was kept on board and during the night the river fell, so that her bow grounded at the bank and her stern sank and filled, so that several days more elapsed before she could be raised and made ready again. This was finally accomplished and she proceeded down the river without further accident, to Pittsburg where she remained a few days and then went on down the Ohio. ICEBOUND FOR TWO WEEKS. "At the mouth of Big Beaver the river was fiUed with fioating ice and a furious gale sprvmg up, which obliged Captain Gregg to tie up to the shore, with the intention of only remaining till the next morning, but as the river I'cll rapidly during the night, he was compelled to stay there for about two weeks. At the end of that time the ice disap]ieared, the weather became S M G rt C O I C ?^ K til ^ s .^ o 138 Whole Winter on the River good and the 'Dispatch' proceeded down the river, but struck on the bar at WheeHng, on the island side, and having no 'niggers' on board (says Rogers) 'we were compelled to jump into the river, full of floating ice as it was, and pry her off with rails. ' From there no accident occurred till the boat reached Walker's bar, below Cincinnati, and there she stuck fast and remained for two weeks before the river rose sufficiently to float her off.' ' Mr. Rogers proceeds: 'At Louisville, Captain Gregg left the boat, leaving the engineer in command. I then became first engineer, and had to clerk as well as act as steward, there being none on board. Passing from the Ohio into the Mississippi, the boat's company frec^uently saw Indians who came down to the river bank and sold them venison. For fear of these savages they dared not run at night but laid up and employed the hours of darkness in cutting wood for the next day's fticl, as there was then no wood for sale along the river. WHOLE WINTER ON THE RIVER. Thus the entire winter was passed on the river, and early in the spring of 1816, the "Dispatch" arrived at New Orleans. There she was boarded by Edward Livingston, United States marshal for that district, who notified the engineer in charge that he, Livingston, and Robert Fulton, had the ex- clusive right to navigate the waters of Louisiana with steamboats, and they would not iiermit that right to be infringed. But the master of the "Dis- patch' ' pleaded ignorance of that fact, and promised to leave Louisiana and not return, upon which he was permitted to depart with the boat without prosecution. But it appears that they did not live up to the agreement, for the journal says they then took in freight and passengers and started for Alexandria at the rapids of the Red River, whence after discharging, they started on the return trip to Pittsburg. The boat was small and weak and so made slow progress against the current of the Mississippi, though soiiae advantage was gained by her light draft of water, on which account she "covild run close inshore and around the willow banks." Arriving at the falls of the Ohio, the water was fotmd to be low, so that the boat was hauled by a slow and laborious process, up the rapids close in to the Kentucky shore. "It was late in the summer," says the journal, "when we arrived at Pitts- burg, and our trip being so long in making, we did not save any money. I acted as clerk and first engineer on the trip from Louisville to New Orleans and back to Pittsburg. On the whole route from New Orleans to Pittsburg, we were not passed by a steamboat, nor did we meet a boat on^the Ohio. There w^ere then in existence the following boats: New Orleans, Aetna, Vesuvius, and Buffalo, on the Mississippi river. I do not remember of seeing any on the Ohio.' ' And in writing of the trip he made two years later (1818) down the Monongahela and Ohio, on a flatboat, Mr. Rogers says, ' I saw no steamboat from the time 1 left Brownsville till I reached Louisville.' 140 History of the Reindeer HISTORY OF THE REINDEER. "In 1825, Robert Rogers, Cephas Gregg, Abram Kimber and others, built the steamboat 'Reindeer. ' She was built in John Cock's boat yard, a short distance above where Mason, Rogers &' Co.'s flouring mill then stood (now the Eclipse mill), and was launched on Christmas day in the year named. Upon her completion she was placed tinder command of Capt. Abram Kimber, and ran for some years on the Ohio, between Pittsburg and Louisville, Ky. KEEL-BOAT BUILDING. About 1826, Abel Cofhn and Michael Miller commenced the building of keel boats in Bridge]:)ort, on an extended scale, and an almost incredible number of them were turned out by these builders. John Cock also built a large number of them, and he as well as Coffin and Miller, btiilt some steamboats. In 1827, Mr. Cock built for James May of Pittsburg, the two Ohio river steamers, "Erie" and "Shamrock." Coffin and Miller built the "Reindeer" (second of that name), the "Mountaineer,'' the "Cham]non" (Capt. Thomas Sloan ), and many others.' ' PRINGLE'S FLAT-BOTTOM BOATS. Boat building at this place reached its zenith, however, under John S. Pringle, father of J. D. S. Pringle, who came here from Bedford County in 1826. He first worked for Joseph Allen. The first steamboat on which he worked was the "Highlander," built by Robert Rogers, opposite the saw- mill on Water street, Bridgeport. John Herbertson also worked on the same boat. In the early part of 1828, John S. Pringle built a flat-bottom boat for Robert Rogers and Samuel Clark, called the "Visitor," which ran the following suinmer from Pittsburg to Louisville, and made a remarkable success, earning $2,000 more than her entire cost during that one season, and was then sold at $2,000 advance on her entire cost. The success of this boat caused the building of others of similar construction by Mr. Pringle. He then established a boat yard in West Bro\\ns\-ine. There he built a great number of steamers and other river craft, and continued in the business at that place until 1843 after which he purchased from Ephraim Blaine, father of the Hon. James G. Blaine, in West Brownsville, a large tract of land in- cluding his residence and sawmill, and established thereon the boat yard that he ran so many years with such phenomenal success. It is estimated that during his time Mr. Pringle built on both sides of the Monongahela river more than five hundred steamboats besides a great number of barges and other craft. The largest boat ever built by him was the "Illinois." This boat was 380 feet long and 72 feet beam. She was floated down the river on high water, to Pittsburg where her engines were placed aboard. Mr. Pringle also built the first towboat that ever plied on the Monongahela river. She was named the "Coal Hill." Vl'Tl'RAN P.()AT r.riLDKRS OF THIv MONoNCAIII'.LA VALLEY Joliii I'rinylt Aiuluw Axtini, FOUNDERvS OF HAMBURGER AND THOMPSON DLSTn.LF;RIF:S Geo. W. Jones. Samuel Thompson. 142 The Prin^le Boat Buildint; Co. (Md Prill gle Boat Yard THE PRINGLE BOAT-BUILDING CO. In 18G4 Mr. Pringle admitted W. W. AuU to partnership and in the follow- ing year the Pringle Boat-Building Company was organized. The members of this company were, John Wilkinson, James Storer, John S. Gray, James H. Gray, William Patterson, John Starr, A. K. McKee, A. J. Smalley, A. S. Starr, James Blair, U. G. M. Perrin, Joseph Weaver, James Patterson, A. C. Axton , E. F. Wise, Danier French, John Wiegel, Henry Minks, Robert Huston, Geo. McClain, Wm. Gray, Finley Patterson, John S. Pringle, and J. D. S. Pringle, the latter two being the principal parties to the organization. Three years later, John S. Pringle bought ottt the company. January 1, 1879, John S. Pringle retired from the btisiness and was succeeded by his son, J. D. S. Pringle and his son-in-law, C. Axton. On the first day of January, 1883, J. D. S. Pringle bovtght out his brother-in-law, Mr. Axton and became sole proprietor. COCK & LENHART, BOAT BUILDERS. Another boat yard was established in West Brownsville in 1848, by John Cock and Leonard Lcnhart. This they operated successfully for twelve years. At the end of this time T. F. Cock and D. D. Williams took charge ;2 1^ 0) 144 Herbertson & Co. 's Foundry and Machine Shops Thos. Faull's Steam Engriiie of it and ran it for four years. J. M. Htitchinson and T. C. S. Williams then bought the yard and conducted it for about five years when they sold out to H. B. Cock & Co. They continvied the business till 1875 when the yard was discontinued. THE HERBERTSON & COMPANY FOUNDRY AND MACHINE SHOPS. The foundry and machine shops of Herbertson & Co., was established in 1838 by John Herbertson and Thomas Faull, Mr. Herbertson having been the superintendent of Snowden's foundry when the castings were made for the Dunlap's Creek bridge. In 1842 the partnership between Herbertson and Faull was dissolved, Mr. Herberston continuing the business. The establish- ment w'as at first a small one compared with wdiat it is now. Almost every year since then new departments, new machinery and more space has been added, till now the business is one of gigantic proportions. It is still conducted by William H. and George S. Herbertson, under the lirm name of J. Herbert- son's Sons. THE VULCAN IRON AND MACHINE WORKS. One of the most important, if not the most important manufacturing establishments in Brownsville in the eai^ly days, was the foundry, forge, VKTERAN KNGINK BUILDKRS AND MACHINISTS. J. Nelson Snowdon. Thos. Faull. John Snowdon. John Herbert.son. 146 Vulcan Iron and Machine Works rolling mill and machine shop of Capt. John Snowdon known as the Vulcan Iron and Machine Works. It was located on Water street where the Connells- ville Central R. R. is now cutting through the hill across Market and Front streets for its tracks. In consideration of the many descendents of Capt. John Snowdon, who are still prominent citizens of Brownsville, an extended notice of this industry that did so much for Brownsville, may not be con- sidered out of order. John Snowdon came to Brownsville from Yorkshire, England, in 1818, bringing with him his wife and two children. He was a blacksmith by trade and a man of stiperior ability. He commenced work at his trade for John Weaver at one dollar a day which was more than was being paid to any blacksmith in Brownsville at that time. One of the first things he did outside of his regtilar work in the shop, was to make a stove or what was called an English oven for George Hogg. This work not only proved so satisfactory that he received orders for several more stoves but served to show Mr. Hogg who was a man of means, that Mr. Snowdon was more than an ordinary workman and ]>rompted him to furnish him with the means for starting a shop of his own which in time grew to the magnificent proportions herein- after described. The principal building was of brick, two stories high and 150x50 feet. This was used as a finishing shop. It was admirably constructed with a view to the convenience of the workmen and facilitating the work. Its two floors were the full size of the building and well lighted. These rooms were filled with the best machinery then known for the work, among which :nay be named 19 turning lathes, six planing mills, four boring machines, and eight drill presses. On the lower floor were ten blacksmith forges with all their necessary ecjuipmcnts, such as cranes steam forge hammers etc. The foundry adjoined the machine shop and was connected with it. It was 50x50 feet and equipped with two cupolas with a capacity of twelve tons each and was fitted out with all the other appliances of a first-class foundry. Adjoining the latter was the pattern shop 60x40 feet, two stories high. These three buildings were of brick and virtually formed one building two stories high, 230 feet long and with the exception of the pattern shop, 50 feet wide. In the rear of these buildings was the rolling mill and forge in a building 180x50 feet, one story high. The rolling mill was equipped with six pairs of rolls, two pvtddling furnaces, two heating furnaces, one spike and one rivet machine, and turned out about 600 tons of bar iron yearly. The forge was supplied with the ustial appliances for bloom making. The boiler yard was also well equipped for the rapid execution of work. The machinery of this whole establishment was propelled by four steam engines, one with a five-inch bore, one 12 inches, one 14 inches and the other 20 inches (stroke not given). The entire cost of the plant was about .1125,000 and the annual product was valued at about $150,000. A hardware or iron store was also run in connection with the works at which the products were sold. For many years there were employed regularly about two hundred men in these shops. Here were made annually the engines and all other machinery for about fifteen steamboats and as many other engines. ¥•5 Snowdon Machine Shops and Two ( am boats built by Snowdon's duriiiR the War. for the Goveniinent. 148 The French Cotton and Woolen Mills At these shops Mr. Snowdon built the engines and all the other ironwork for steamers for Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Michigan, California and many other states. He also built boats to run on the Rio Grande, for the government, during the Mexican war as well as two gunboats for the gover- ment during the Rebellion, though we understand the latter two were built at his shops in Pittsburg where he had a plant of about the same capacity as the Brownsville plant. He built the tii"st steamboat that ever ran on the Sacramento river and as has been stated before, built the iron bridge across Dunlap's Creek which was the first iron bridge built in America and which is still standing seemingly as solid as adamant. The old metal niile- posts that may yet be seen at a .ew places along what was once the National Pike, were made by Mr. Snowdon in this shop. Capt. John Snowdon was e\-er mindful of the welfare of those whom he employed, was liberal in giving to all worthy individuals or causes, and there was not in him a drop of penurious blood. Starting as he did in 1818 without a dollar, by persistent application, gttided by phenomenal wisdom and guarded by prudence, in 18G7 he had accumtilated an independent fortune and this, too, in spite of the fact that in 1S41 he lest more than $40,000 by the bankrupt law; that in IS.jo his entire plant including machinery, patterns and stock was totally destroyed Ijy tire entailing a loss of over 180,000 with but $5,000 insvirance, and that he lost over .fL'5,000 during the Rebellion Ijy the failure of contractors in consequence of the war. Captain Snowdon was an F. and A. M. for many years before his death. In 1816 he married Miss Mary Smith and to them were born the following Children: Ann who afterwards became the wife of Adam Jacobs, of Browns- ville; Elizabeth, wife of Walter Smith of Cincinnati, Ohio; Samuel S. of St, Louis, Mo.; I. W. S. of Brownsville; and Sarah M. wife of 1. H. Roberts, Allegheny, Pa. Towards the latter part of his business career, his two sons engaged in bttsiness with him. He died at Brownsville, Januaiw 25, 1875, but the history of his life, his labors and his triumphs, will be read and held up as an incentixe to indvistry and perseverance for many generations yet unborn . THE FRENCH COTTON AND WOOLEN MILLS. It was also about the year is 11 that Daniel French of whom mention is made elsewhere in this volume, came here and organized a company lor manutacturing various articles among them cotton yarn, woolen yarn and the like. We have been unable to learn the exact date when the building Avas commenced or finished but the following advertisement of the manager, that appeared in a newspaper (Pittsburg paper) under date of Augtist 15, 1814, shows that it was about completed at that time. The advertisement an- nounces to the public that "the factory is nearly ready to go into operation, which will be drove by steam, where we intend keeping a constant supply of cotton yarn of various descriptions, which we will sell at the most reduced prices. And, in addition to the above we have two new wool carding machines with first-rate cards, and having engaged an experienced carder, we hope. 150 The First Glass Plant from our detcrniined intentions, to do our work with neatness and dispatch, and at the usual prices, to merit a share of the patronage. (Signed) Enos Grave, Manager of the Company." The incorporators of this company were John Krepps, James Tomlinson, Elisha D. Hunt, William Grififith, John McClure Hezlip, Morris Truman and Enos Grave. The factory was not a success from a financial standpoint and was afterwards used as a carriage factory. It was eventually destroyed by fire. THE FIRST GLASS PLANT. In ISll, John Troth, Henry Minehart, Isaac Van Hook and others, formed a stock company and erected the first glass plant in Bridgeport. The manufacture of glass was continued here for a period of about thirty years with varied success. The site of this glass plant was afterwards occupied by the John Hopkins distillery. GEO. HOGG GLASS WORKS. Between the. Vulcan Iron and Machine Works and the brewery, was the Brownsville Glass Works started in 1827 by George Hogg. The works ran IS pots, employed about 100 people and turned out anntially about 20,000 boxes of the various grades of window glass. The last vestige of this plant was removed by Kelley & Crosson, contractors, in building the Monongahcla railroad in 1902. ANOTHER GLASS FACTORY. In the year 1828, George Hogg & Co. bixilt a glass factory and ran it about a year when they sold it to John Taylor & Co., the members of which companj- werc John Taylor and Edward Campbell. Taylor sold out to William Camp- bell and the firm name became E. Campbell & Co. E. Campbell sold out to Robert Forsythe and the name of the firm was again changed to Campbell & Forsythe. They sold out to Gue & Gabler who ran the plant for several years when it was sold out by the sheriff. It then fell into the hands of the original owners, George Hogg & Co. It was then started again by a co- operative firm styled Burke, Sedgwick & Co,. but after running it several years they failed. Carter, Hogg & Co. then took a turn at it but without success. Benedict Kimber was the next to take it up and at first made some money out of it but he embarked in the steamboat business', and taking charge of the boat he had botight, he left the glass factory in the hands of other parties to manage for him. He took the cholera while on the Illinois river and died and the glass factory again went to the wall Haught, Swearer & Co., then bought the property and started an eight-pot factory, but they failed in a year or two, and Robert Rogers bought the property. He leased it to P. & I. Swearer who ran it a while and failed. They finally started it up again and made a success of it. Finally, in 18(34, George W. Wells bought the 152 The Culbertson & Rowe Foiindrv Peoples Coal Company's Works, lirownsville property and increased the capacity to eight pots and later to ten. He was doing a good business until the panic of 1S73 caused him to lose money and he sold it to Schmertz & Quimby who ran it for some time when it again changed hands. It was then run by different parties tintil abotit five or six years ago when it was closed down and has not been started up since. The Monongahela Railroad finally wiped it off the face of the map. THE CULBERTSOX &- ROWE FOUNDRY. John Krep]is and a numl)er of other men started a foundry about 1S27. William Cock was foreman in this foundry for a time, and afterwards ran it for himself. It was then rented to Culbertson & Rowe and next to John Snowdon who had taken the contract for making the castings for the iron bridge across Dunlap's Creek. As noted elsewhere, the government furnished the metal and Mr. Snowdon made the castings THE FRENCH MACHINE SHOPS. The first machine shop in Bridgeport was also established by Daniel French. In this shop the engines for the " Enterprise" and the " Dispatch, " g .5 ° T 154 The Thomas Faiill Foundry were built. Mr. French was also the inventor of the oscillating cylinder for steam engines. He left here about 1820, going to Jcffersonville, Indiana where he and his sons engaged in boat building. THE THOMAS FAULL FOUNDRY. Thomas FauU, after severing his connection with the firm of Hcrbcrtson & Faull, established a foundry on Water Street above the Montiment Mills (now the Eclipse Mills) . He was succeeded by his son. THE REESE CADWALLADER MILL. In the latter j.iart of the ISth century, Reese Cadwallader built a mill on Dunlap's Creek, a short distance above Bridgeport, or rather where Bridge- port now stands, and on the site of this mill the Prospect Mill was built. This mill was at one time owned Ijy Rogers & Truman and was sold by them to William Miller. It is now the property of George Wolford. THE VALLEY MILLS. A short distance above the last-named mill, there was another known as the Valley mill. This was built in 1834 by Samuel G. Krepps who operated it for many years. It was sold to Eli Leonard who ran it for about ten years. THE KREPPS & CARTER PAPER MILLS. Solomon G. Krepps and Zephaniah Carter built a paper mill on Water Street and put it into operation in 1832. Mr. Krepps died shortly after the mill started and his interest was sold to Robert Clarke. This paper mill continued in operation for many years, and was then, in 1857, sold to Mason, Rogers & Co., who converted it into a flour mill. This flour mill is now owned and operated by the Eclipse Milling Co. THE LANNING PLANING MILLS. The "Steam Planing Mill, Cabinet and Chair Factory," of W. H. Lanning, was located in "The Neck," opposite the Monongahela House, and did an extensive business. THE SHOE INDUSTRY. Shoes were extensively manufactured in Brownsville in the early days. They were of course made by hand as there was but little known then of the present method of manufacturing shoes. b '■*■• > « 3 -; 1^ jL( X > 0( - g ii c P r: 156 The First Brewery FIRST BREWERY. Not far below the Vulcan Iron and Machine Works along in 1825, there stood a brewery. It was an irregular rambling mass of buildings but in the whole contained all the departments of a first-class brewery at that daj\ In 1857 this plant was enlarged by Teece & Toynbee and still more thoroughly equipped for the business. This brewery used from 40,000 to 45,000 bushels of barley each year. It had two steep tubs of 118 barrels capacity each, the one perhaps of a little less capacity. They made all the varieties of ale, beer and porter and had a good sale for their brew. One of their brands, the " Star Ale, " was a favorite and had a wide repvitation. THE BROWNSVILLE AGRICULTURAL WORKS. The Brownsville Agricultural Works were not in Brownsville but in Bridgeport, and were conducted by Carver, Wood & Crawford. They manufactured thrashing machines that at that age were of course run by horse power, cleaners, separators, corn shellers, cutters, cultivators, fanning mills, double and single shovel plows, horserakcs, and other agrictiltural implements. In connection with this they ran a jilaning mill and sash factory. The Bridgeport Agriculttiral Works, conducted by Aaron Bronson, also manufactured all kinds of agricultural implements. THE HARVEY LEONARD SAWMILL. Harvey Leonard had a sawmill on Dunlap's Creek above the Valley Mill and near the borough line. It seems, however, that prior to this (about 1814) Jonah Cadwallader had a sawmill on the same site, and the water both for the Valley Mill and the sawmill of Harvey Leonard, was for years taken from the creek at the same ]5lace where Reese Cadwallader had built his mill inany years before. The sawmill of Gibbons, Wood & Crumlow, on Water Street, was m its day a very important industry. THE TRUMAN STEEL MILLS. About the year ISll, Morris Truman and his three sons, Morris, Jr., Joseph and James, came to Bridgeport, from Philadelphia, and built and put in operation, works for the manufacture of steel. Afterwards they also built a machine shop where steam engines were built. They also manufac- tured the best of steel for edged tools and the like. THE RIVER COAL COMPANY. Of all the gigantic coal mines or plants along the Monongahela river, there is no gainsaying the fact that the River Coal Company's new plant located < X a '> 158 The River Coal Company just up the Monongahela river from Bridgeport, leads them all, or Avill as soon as it is completed. This company has 1,600 acres in one body and is now erecting a plant that will employ between 500 and 000 men and turn out about 8.600 tons of coal per day. Work was coinmenced last fall and is being pushed as fast as money and men can push it. One slope 322 feet through the rock, for manway, is completed and one shaft 85 feet deep for hoist way, are already completed. Both are lined with concrete. The tramway and tipple are of steel, both built on concrete foundations on solid rock. The tramway from the shaft and slope to the river is 725 feet long and has three tracks. The loaded cars are to traverse the center track while the empty cars will return on the side tracks. All machinery will be run by electric power to fui'nish which, two dynamos are being placed in position. They are of 200 kilowats capacity, or more plainly speaking, 275 horsepower each, and steam to drive the giant engines for running these dynamos will be taken from a battery of four boilers of 250 horsepower each. A smaller dynamo is used to furnish electric lights for offices, shops and mines. The company now has finished and in course of construction, forty double houses for miners, each in itself a handsome structure and good enough for the domicile of any man; also si.x. single houses for foremen a:id a large store building. The boiler house, engine house, machine shops, office and all other buildings about the mines except the coinpany houses, are of brick and of the most substantial structure. The company has ample room for trackage on its grounds and many of the switches and tracks are already in place, while the tramway is nearing completion. The air shaft is also well down and like the other shaft and slope, is lined with concrete. F. A. McDonald is the chief engineer, bvit the work here is under the super- vision of W. A. Smith, division engineer. Mr. Smith is yet a young man in years Ijut ripe in experience and deserves great credit for the excellent and rapid work that is being done on this gigantic plant. J. F. Anderson is mine foreman and is one of the best in the State. This mammoth plant is of no inconsiderable consequence to the Three Towns, to Fayette County and to the Monongahela Valley, and is but the forerunner of others in the same line and in other lines that are stu'e to follow. THE BROWNSVILLE BREWERY. Those wh(j are familiar with the construction of brewery plants and their e(|uipment, emjihasi/.e the declaration that the Brownsville Brewery is one of the most conveniently constructed and best and most modernly e(|uipped of any along the Monongahela Valley It certainly stands among the leading enterprises of the Three Towns, and to Mr. George J. Edel, is largely due the credit for ihe jierfection and i-i)n\'i-nienees of the plant. Mr. Edel is 16U The Brownsville Brewery president of the company and has served since the company was orga- nized as building superintendent and general manager. The promoters and organizers of the Brownsville Brewing Company, are Geo. J. Edel, W. H. Calvert and John Monier, of Charleroi; J. L Thornton and George Rathmell, of Bridgeport, with whom are associated many promi- nent business men of Brownsville, Bridgeport, Uniontown, Connellsville, Fayette City, Belle Vernon, Charleroi, Monessen and other river and inland towns. The company secured a charter January 12, 1903 and steps were at once taken to secure a site and erect a plant. A plot of ground 261 by 241 feet, on Water Street, Bridgeport, Pa., was bought from George D. Thompson and ground was broken, March 25, of the same year, and the first beer was brewed February 7, 1904. The buildings are all substantial brick structures each built for an express purpose and all are thoroughly eriuipjied with the most modern machinery and the most up-to-date methods are tised in the production of the seductive amber fluid. It niay be interesting for those who care to observe the manner in which the beverage they use, is made, to follow the grain from the car throtigh the various processes to the kegging and Ijottling rooms. Svich a journey is instructive as well as interesting. From the car on the siding which runs along one side of the main btiilding and the ice plant, the grain is run auto- matically into an elevator by which it is conveyed to the top of the five- story main building and dumped into the storage bins which have a capacity of eight car loads of barley malt. From here the grain is taken directly into the clearing bins passing through fans, sieves and over a number of powerful magnets which free it from all dust or other foreign matter, eliminating everything that could be deleterious to absolute ptirity. The malt then goes through the mill where it is crushed and passed on into the malt hopper scales where it is weighed, exactly 8,000 pounds being required for each brew. It is next conducted to the mixing kettle where it is steeped with water and the desired substance extracted. The refuse grain falls from the niixing kettle into the wet-grain bin thence into the drier from whence it is carried to the top of the building into the dry-grain bin, and discharged into sacks ready for shipment as horse feed. The Brownsville Brewing Company has a contract with the German army for all the feed of this kind it turns ottt, and conse{|uently it is shi]jped directly to Bremen, Germany. At this stage the ]u-oduct that is eventually to become beer, is conveyed to the mash tub or mixing kettle where they get from it what is known as extract of malt after which it is carried to the brew kettle, an immense copper rece-[5tacle, the one in the Brownsville lirewery lia\'ing a ca|)acity of 185 barrels. Here it is boiled for three and a half hours when it is again conveyed to an u|)]H'r floor and allowed to descend over a series of copper jiipes that are kej)! as cnld as ice by currents of cooling vapor which reduces the li(iuid from a boiling to a freezing point almost instantaneously. This liquid is then carried by ])i])es into the immense vats in the fermentation 162 The Brownsville Brewery room at the to]) oi the stoek hovise where it is allowed to remain for twenty- four hours to let all albuminous and nitrogenous substanees precipitate. After this the beer is conducted by pipes to the fermenting room below where are tw^enty tubs of 185 barrels each. Here it remains for from Ki to 18 days till it is thoroughly fermented. After complete fermentation it is taken to the story below, the storage room, where there are twenty large vats with a capacity each of 350 barrels, or a total capacity of 7,000 barrels, where it is left for from three to four months. It is then taken to the next story below where it is put into 20 immense casks of 250 barrels each, or 5,000, and kept wider ])ressure for from five to six weeks so as to insure a good and solid foam; the grand total of beer on hand is 14,000 barrels. This gives the plant an annual capacity of 75,000 barrels. After this it is taken to the kegging and bottling room where it is filled into kegs or bottles for shipment or use. At every step the most diligent care is taken to insure absolute cleanliness and purity. Every receptacle is thoroughly washed and cleaned wdth hot water and the kegs are taken through a bath of hot water by an ingenious machine for that purpose after which they are scrubbed by a machine, rinsed with cold mater and then thoroughly inspected before they are used. The bottles go through a similar process of cleaning and inspection. Another ingenious machine is that which drives the hoops onto the kegs if they are not already tight. The ice plant is one of the largest in this part of the State, and is one of the most modern, making ice in cakes 22 feet 6 inches by 12 feet S inches and 16 inches thick, weighing 19,000 pounds. The plant is capable of making six of these cakes of ice each day which is a grand total of 54 tons. The company has three fine artesian wells within its building and none btit this water is used for any purpose. The prime motive power of this immense ])lant is furnished by a battery of three boilers of 200 horsepower each fired by gas, though coal may be used, ample bins for which are provided. The gas is automatically fed by a steam-pressure regulator and supplied wdth a high and low water whistle or alarm, the water also being fed to the boilers automatically, thus dis- pensing wdth the services of a fireman. All the machinery is run by electricity each machine having a separate or individual motor. The cvirrent is furnished these motors by two direct- connected generators or dynamos, the one a 65 horsepower and the other a 22 horsepower. The entire plant and all the buildings connected with it are also lighted by electricit}^ generated in the power hotise of the building. The ice plant alone is run by steam direct and the motive power is furnished hv two magnificent Corliss engines, the one 195 horse-power and the other 125. The capacity of the ice machines is about 200 tons per day, much of the capacity being utilized in cooling the variovis departments of the plant. The exhaust steam is used in a retort for heating all the water that is used in the boilers and about the ])lanl. An air compressor is vised to force the licjuid, in making beer, from one vat to another. As noted elsew'herc, the btuldings are all <<( brick, the main Inulding being 100x261 fec't, part of it five stories high ; the ice plant Imilding containing 3 H \ 164 The Ph. Hamburger Distillery the tanks, is 60x125 feet two stories high. They also have a stable that accommodates 16 horses, sheds for wagons, an elegant office and handsome modern residence for the resident manager and president of the company. The present board of directors are George J. Edel, President and Super- intendent; Sam C.Todd, Secretary; John Monier, Treasurer; W.H.Calvert, Vice-President; J. I. Thornton, George Rathmell. THE HAMBURGER DISTILLERY, LIMITED. In the upper part of Bridgeport stands a mass of imposing brick buildings that form the center of one of the most extensive and widely known business enterprises in the Monongahela Valley, and the output of this enterprise is not only known from ocean to ocean, but in every civilized country on the globe. We refer to the Hamburger Distillery, Limited, and its famous brands of pure whiskey, among the latter being the "Old Bridgeport Pure Rye," "Bridgeport Pure Malt" and "G. W. Jones Monongahela Rye." Western Pennsylvania has always been noted for the amount and the excellency of its whiskey, even in the days prior to the famous Whiskey Insur- rection, of which mention is made in the historic part of this volume. The Hamburger Distillery, Limited, is one of the largest plants of the kind in the world, covering about fourteen acres of ground. Almost all its buildings are of brick, of the most modern style of architecture for the purpose to be served, and its warehouses are thoroughly equipped with all the latest im- provements and devices, thoroughly ventilated and heated by steam, which manner of storage is equivalent to twice the same length of natural storage. The capacity of the warehouses is about 60,000 barrels. Every modern device that will make whiskey better is put into the distillery the moment it is proven to be of excellence. None but the best grain is used, and the utmost care is taken at every step of the process of making whiskey to produce only the best that can be made. Since 1885 this property has been in the hands of and owned principally by Ph. Hamburger, whose honesty and integrity is proverbial. In Janu- ary, 1901, the Hamburger Distillery, Limited, was organized and bought the Ph. Hamburger Distillery property from its former owners. Mr. Ham- burger then retired from business altogether and has since spent his time in traveling and in philanthropic work. To those who use or handle whiskey the name of "Hamburger" is a guarantee of purity and excellence. For many years this business has been under the direct supervision and management of W. V. Winans, at present president of Brigeport council, and a man who thoroughly understands the business, and who has done much to make the business what it is. Not a year passes that important additions and improvements are not made, all of which are made necessary by the growing business, a growth that is due to the excellency of the prod- uct and the efficiency of the management. 16(5 The Thompson Distilling Company THE TH(3MPSON DISTILLING CO. A history of this section of Pennsylvania would not be complete without some reference to the Thompson Distillery, or what is now known as the Thompson Distilling Company. It is one of the leading industries in this section of the country and has been for over half a centtiry. The business was established by Samuel Thompson long before the war and has e\-er since borne his name. In fact, the name of Sam Thompson in connection with a brand of whiskey is worth more than most modern plants of today. It may not be out of order to state here that the old stone structure now used as a bottling house was once the home of the late illustrious James G. Blaine, and it was here that he rccei\-ed his first instructions, which, followed up with the Blaine persistency, made of him the leading statesman of the nation. But it is not of Blaine that we wish to write here. It is not essential in this article to go into the details of making whiskey, as all readers, particularly those who are interested, are familiar with that; but something about the output and the capacity of the plant will be of interest. The Thompson Distilling Comjiany's plant consists of three large brick storerooms, one five, one six and one eight stories high, besides the distillery proper and many other outbuildings. The capacity of the distillery is about fifty barrels per day, and e\-ery step in the process of making whiskey, from handling the grain as it comes in to storing the whiskey and putting it on the market, is watched and directed by men of years of experience and unciues- tioned integrity, and this is why "Sam Thompson Whiskey" is so well and so widely known. The three huge storerooms before mentioned ha\'e a capacity of about 36,000 barrels, and are both constructed in the most modern manner, being thoroughly ventilated and heated by steam. In addition to this they have a 50,000 bushel grain storage house and are at present erecting a new pro- cess drying house where the slop or mash, after use, is dried and prepared for feed. A full description of the plant cannot be given, for the reason that constant additions and improvements are being made, so that a description of the I)lant today would in a few months be inadequate and unjtist. y The entire business is and has for many years been under the direct super- vision and management of .llgernon B. Donahey, who not only thoroughly understands the business in all its details, but who has the confidence of the company and of the wide and growing circle of patrons. There are few places in the civiUzed world where "Sam Thompson Whiskey" is not known and appreciated by those who use or handle spirituous liquors. The Sam Thom])Son Distillery is conspicuously situated in the vipper part of West Brownsville, on the west bank of the Monongahela River, and has been seen and heralded abroad by the hundreds and thousands of people who have passed U]) and down this historic stream for the past half century. TIIRKK WlvIJ.-KNOWN COLORI'I) PI{()I'I,E Chas. Cox, Who Died at llu- Auc of 107 Years W. H. "Tip" I'loreiice Veteran Teamster of the Three Towns Henrietta Hamilton liest-Known Chambermaid on the Monon- gahela, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers 168 El wood Natural Gas and Oil Company Elwood Gas Co.'s Derrick, Elwood Farm ELWOOD NATURAL GAS AND OIL COMPANY. One of the most enterprising corporations in the Monongahela Valley, today and one with the most flattering prospects, is the Elwood Natural Gas and Oil Company that was organized May 9, 1903, and secured its charter November 18th of the same year. TIIRKR GKNKRATIONS Jno. S. Wilgiis For a Number of Years Postmaster at Brownsville T. B. Wilgus, of Morgantown, W. Va. At Otie Time a Prominent Citizen of Bridgeport John Wilgus The Man Who First Proposed the Pacific Railroad 170 Public Library This company has now leased in Washington County, Pennsylvania, cle\-en hundred acres of land, has three wells down that by actual test yield 10,0UU,- 000 cubic feet of gas per day. The company already has franchises for furnishing gas to the boroughs of Centreville and West Brownsville in Wash- ington County and Bridgeport and Brownsville in Fayette, and will no doubt extend its territory rapidly both for consumption as well as for production. All the work on their plant including the lines they have laid and are still laymg, is done in the most modern and approved manner, and the manage- ment and the stockholders are all men of exceptionally strong financial standing and good business judgment. The stockholders are Joseph S. Elliott, Robert W. Thompson, George D. Thompson, William H. Fisher, James I. Thornton, J. W. Breckenridge, Thomas H. Thompson, A. L. Milliken, R. M. Poletz, O. S. Bedall and George C. Steele. The present officers are, Joseph S. ElHott, President; Robert W. Thompson, Vice President: George C. Steele, Secretary and Treasurer. The Board of Directors, Joesph S. Elliott, Robert W. Thompson, George D. Thompson, J. L Thornton and A. L. Milliken. PUBLIC LIBRARY. The Ladies of the Brownsville Women's Christian Temperance Union, believing they could exert a substantial moral influence in the community by placing good literature within the reach of everyone, decided, in January, 1885, to establish a public library by organizing a company or association and disposing of 100 shares of the stock at three dollars. each. This was ac- cordingly done, the entire amount being taken by residents of the Three Towns. The first officers of the W. C. T. U. Library were Miss Anna E. Cox, Presi- dent; Mrs. Sol. G. Krepps, Vice President; Miss Mamie Armstrong, Correspond- ing Secretary; Miss Sadie H. Miller, Recording Secretary; Mrs. A. L. Duncan, Treasurer. A circular letter was writt<;n to many friends and former residents, solicit- ing co-operation and a number of handsome contribtitions in books and money were received. Among the otit-of-town contributors were, Hon. J. A. Martin, Governor of Kansas; Messrs. T. M. and R. C. Rogers, of Philadelphia; Capt. Isaac M. Mason of St. Louis; Wm. Clark Breckenridge of Uniontown; Samuel J. Krepps of Oklahoma; Messrs. John L. Moorhouse Wm. C. Lilley, Wm. H. Holmes, George W. Acklin, and Prof. John A. Brashear, all of Pitt- Inirg. The library was opened in rooms in the post office in Brownsville, known as the "Rdund Corner," the evening of July 2, 1885, with rehgious exercises conducted by the ministers of the Three Towns among them being Revs. S. D- Day and Charlton. The President, Miss Anna E. Cox delivered an ad- dress which was followed by a book reception and ice cream sale. The library opened with 800 volumes which very much encouraged its ])rojectors. Prof. I,. I'. Parker First Principal liridgeport Piiblic ScluKils Miss Knieliiie I,ind> l"or 51 Years a Teacher in the Brige- port Pntilic Schools J. Stanley Lincl\- Street Commissioner of the Borongh of Bridgeport John J. Kathmell For 18 Years Toll Taker at the River Bridge 172 Newspaper Enterprises The first bool-c committee was composed of tlie following members; Miss Anna E. Cox, Miss Sadie H. Miller, Mrs. R. C. Miller, Mrs. Sol. G. Krepps, Mrs. S. S. Fishburn, Dr. W. S. Duncan and Mrs. J. D. Armstrong. The W. C. T. U. library was controlled and supported by that organization till 1899 when a Public Library Association was formed. The library which had grown to 1,304 volumes, with the book cases, etc., was then turned over to the new association in the hope that it would grow niore rapidly and become a permanent and valued institution. The officers of the new Public Library Association were, Rev. W. S. Bow- man, President; George W. Wilkinson, Vice President; Miss Jane Ewing, Secretary; George W. Lenhart, Treasurer; Directors: Miss Harriet E. Abrams, Mrs. Isaac R. Beazell, Roland C. Rogers, Rev. W. E. Rambo and C. L. Snow^- don. The book committee were, Roland C. Rogers, Chairman; Miss Jane Ewing and Mrs. Isaac R .Beazell. The library under the new association was for- mally opened in the Library Room in the Odd Fellows building or hall, Tuesday evening, March 14, 1899, with a book reception. This library now contains about 2,000 volumes. NEWSPAPER ENTERPRISES. Among the newspapers that have been ijublished in the Three Towns, coinmencing as far back as 1810, may be mentioned, in the order of their succession, as near as we can ascertian, there being differences in the dates of past historians, the following: The Western Repository, The Western Palladium, The Western Register, The Brownsville Gazette, The Western Spy, The American Telegraph, afterwards consolidated with the Genius of Liberty at L^niontown, The American Observer, also later merged with the Genius of Liberty, The Browns- ville Galaxy, The Browmsville Intelligencer, The Brownsville Free Press, The Brownsville Clipper established by Seth T. Hurd. Mr. Hurd was succeeded by E. A. Hastings from whom its present editor and proprietor, W. F. Aplegate, purchased it in 1878. Following the establishment of the Clipper came the Brownsville Times, Greenback Banner. The Better Times, which suspended after three weeks of adversity, The Labor Advance, The Star that only twinkled one week. The Comet was next launched by the same men who published The Star and while it was a daily, strange as it may seem, the Comet lived longer than The Star, surviving for a period of three weeks. After this came The Free Lance, The Three Towns and The Regulator. Then The Monitor was started and rvm for about twelve years by J. E. Mc Kinney when it changed hands, D. M. and J. Percy Hart taking it up. After running it about a year they sold it to Edwin P. Couse, the present editor and proprietor. This, so far as we have been able to learn, completes the list of journalistic enterprises in the Three Towns. WI'LL-KNOWN JX'STICKvS OI' THE PKACK .cmirc lU-nry J. Ridden S^nirc Albert G. Booth TWO PROMINENT iTALIANvS OF OUR TOWNvS Robert Patriello Rosy P°'etz Railroad Construction Contractor Notary Public and Banker 174 Pliysiciaiis of the Three Towns PHYSICIANS OF THE THREE TOWNS. Many eminent physicians have practied in the Three Towns since the old Hanguard was built. Among them w-ere Drs. Mitchell and Chester, Edward Schull, James Roberts, Thomas Blodgett, Pi]ier, John ]. Steele, Lewis Sweitzer, Samuel Shuman, Henrs W. Stoy, R. W. Plavford, William L. Lafcrty. W. S. Duncan, Isaac Jackson, C. C. Richard, U. L. Clemmer, Benjamin Shoemaker, O. P. Dearth, N. W. Tnixall. C. L. Gummert and others. In 1S31 an attempt was made to estaljlish a medical college here but further than a notice to the effect that it was to commence in November of that year, no record of it can be found. The present physicians of Browmsville are Drs. C. C. Reichard, Lewis N. Reicherd, Dr. CoUey Miller. Dr. Isaac Jackson still does some office practice. Not least ainong ..le many prominent men of Bridgej^ort were in earlier as well as its present practitioners of medicine. Among the most prominent of the old-time physicians, we find Drs. Jesse Pennel, H. W. Stoy, Thos. G. Lamb, Caleb Bracken. Abram Stanley, Mathew O. Jones, W. S. Duncan, Chas. HtibV), W. G. Hubl), J. A. Hubb, J. A. Nelan, J. B. Grooms, Jno. W. Worrell. Physicians who are now^ practicing in Bridgeport are Drs. Alfred Smith, Henry Eastman, Wilbur Lilley, and F. S. Hoover, the latter just recently located here. PIONEER LODGES OF THE THREE TOWNS. BROWNSVILLE LODGE, No. 60, F. and A. M. The record of this lodge begins with an entry dated January 22, 1794, at whiclT time John Bowles, John McDowell, Joseph Asheton (of Pittsburgh Lodge, No. 45), James Chambers, Jr., William Arbutton, John Faraker, James Chambers, Sr., and Jonathan Morris (of Washington Lodge, No. 54), James Long (of No. 3, Philadelphia), and Ready McSherry (of No. 660, Ireland), opened the new lodge No. 60, in due form, John Bowles being appointed secretary. Applications were received from James Elliott, Jonathan Hickman, and Charles Ford for initiation. John Christmas, Michael Sowers, Ready McSherry were appointed a committee to inquire and to report to the lodge the next evening. January 23, 1794, the lodge commenced work under a dispensation of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, dated December 9, 1793, Chads Chalfant, W. M.; John Chambers, S. W.; Michael Sowers, J. W. Twenty-seven members were added to the lodge in 1794. In 1799 the first building owned by the lodge was erected for its use. On the 6th day of May in that year "Bros. Rogers and Miner agreed to furnish 700 plank at the lodge for use; Bro. Gregg, lime; B. Hezlip to have doors and windows." June 14, 1811, Chads Calfant sold for fifty dollars the lot of ground on the southwest side of Cliurch Street, on which the Masonic Hall building was erected in 1834. 176 Pioneer Lodges of the Three Towns On the 2d of February. 1N2'.). Andrew Jackson, President-elect of the United States, arrived at Brownsville by stage over the National Road from the West, and stopped at George Gibbon's inn. There he was waited on by Henry PiefEer, Valentine Giesey, Robert Patterson, John Blythe, andN. Isler, who had been appointed a committee to invite him to visit the lodge. He accepted the invitation, and was intrcditced by Brother John Davis. Brownsville Lodge, No. 60, and Pittsburgh, No. 45, were the only lodges west of the mottntains which did not surrender their charters dviring the anti- Masonic excitement a little over half a century ago. From the Brownsville Lodge have sprung the following-named lodges, viz; Fayette City, Union- town, California, Greensborough , Connellsville, Carmicheal, and Clarksville. BROWN.SVILLE CHAPTER, No. 164, R. A. M. Chartered in June. 1S49. The following were the first cfficers: M. E. H. Priest, W. L. Lafferty; King, C. P. Gumm.ert; Scribe, Thomas Duncan. ST. OMER'S COMMANDERY, No. 7, F. T. Application was made June 10, 1862, to the Grand Commandery of Penn- sylvania to revive St. Omer's Commandery, which had been organized at Uniontown in LSoS, and susyjended work in the following year. The appli- cation was granted. E, vSir William Chatland was installed E. Commander. The commandery was ordered removed from LTniontown to Brownsville, where the first meeting was held October 23, 1862. The number of charter members was tweh^e. WESTERN STAR LODGE, No, 3(1 F. and A. M. Chartered December 27, 1866. The Fairfax (Washington), Ecolite (LTnion- town) . and Golden Rule (Waynesburg) Lodges were taken at different times from this lodge. BROWNSVILLE LODGE, No. .51, L O. O. F. Original charter August 20, 1832. N. G., William Corwin; V. G., John Garwood; Secretary, Thos. S. Wright; A. S., Daniel DeLaney, Jr.; Treasvirer, Thomas Duncan. Brownsville Lodge No. 5L L O. O. F. is one of the oldest lodges of the order in the United States. Odd Fellowship was introduced into this country' from England in 1819, the first American lodge ha\'ing been organized in Baltimore by Thomas Wildey and a ftw associates who had been made Odd Fellows in England. In 1872 Brownsville Lodge was visited by a (lestruclixc lire which de- stroyed all the books of record, hence but lillle of ils early history is known. The older members, however, speak of many difficulties and trials which beset the early years of the organization. Joseph '1". Rosicis One of the Karly Settlers and Business Men of the Three Towns Hon. Thomas Duncan Twice Judge of I'ayette County and Prominent Business Man Geo. W. I.enhart Veteran Insurance Agent of the Three Towns Wni. Chatland The Originator of the "Famous Brownsville Water Cracker" 178 Brownsville Lodge, No. 51, I. O. O. F. First Iron Bridge in United States. Across Duulap s Creek Between Brownsville and Bridgeport The first meeting place was in the upper end of Brownsville. After several years they moved to a room in a building situated on the now vacant lot between the Monongahela Bank and the Railroad station. After a time the Union Grocery building was purchased; another story was added and thus the present Odd Fellows building came into existence. "While these re]niirs were being completed the lodge met in the Wilkinson Building. At the time of purchasing and reinodeling the grocery property consider- able debt was incvirred but by ])rudent and conservati\-e management every dollar of the obligation has been paid, while the treasurer's statement shows ;) very satisfactory cash balance. The lodge is now in a very prosperous condition and has bright prospects for a future continuance of the success which has marked its past history. Within a few years the last two surviving Charter members passed away namely, Brother Morrison and Brother J. A. Hill. Of those who joined shor dy after the institution inany have died; among them Thomas Duncan, H. j. Rigden, William S. Lafferty, J. W. Jeffrey. James Cope, S. Roberts, Henry Delaney, J. H. Bulger. J. M. Hutchinson, and Joshua Mechem. Among the survivors whose membership dates back fifty years more or less are Jacob Grasier, Daniel Delaney, William B. Burd, A. D. Lockhart. :)nd L. C. Waggoner. The present officers are: G. W. Hall, N. G.; Frank Wright, V. G.; Albert WcUer, Warden; Daniel Delaney, Secretary; L. C. Waggoner, Treasurer; H. H. Griggs, Chaplain, and Trustees, E. S. Delaney. W. B. Burd. and H. C. Fox. Prof. Jiio. A. Biashfar 'I'he Wcll-Rnowii Maker of Astronoinical lnstr\iiuent.s. Who Spent His ICarlx I)a>s in Hrowiisville Percival PhiIli|)S War Correspondent of the riigaliL-la River MONONGAHELA LODGE, No. 1305 G. U. O. of O. F. The first lodge of the G. U. O. of O. F., west of the Allegheny mountains, was established in Brownsville, Pennsylvania, June 20, 1866, by Joseph C. Bustle of Lhiity Lodge, of Philadelphia, with a charter membership of twenty- one, as follows: ^» N. G. Terrell, T. T. Baker, B. W. Arnett, Henry Smith, Baker Moore, Phenton Plummer, Sydney Banks, S. C. Honesty, Moses Bolden, Samuel Jackson, Jerry Cain, Wilbert Craig, R. R. Bolden, Jas. E. Simpson, Loyd Demus, Samuel Mossett, Samuel D. Honesty, William Crable, Chas. Mossett, Wm. Johns, and J. C. Alexander. The first officers were: B. W. Arnett, N. G.; S. C. Honesty, V. G.; N. T. Terrell, P. N. G. ; J. Cain. O. G. ; T. T. Baker, E. S.; S. Mossett, P. S.; Wm. Crable, treasurer; R. R. Bolden, warden; J. C. Alexander, L G. Monongahela Lodge No. 1305 has established several lodges in Pittsburg and other points west of the Allegheny mountains and is styled the mother of all lodges this side of the moimtains, which at this time number between three and four thousand. In 1894 the lodge purchased a lot and erected thereon a building 27x56 feet, three stories high, consisting of a fully equipped kitchen, pantry and dining room on the Hrst floor; an entertainment hall on the second floor and James Mitchell Hridgepoi-t, Akc S9 Years Wm. Graham Brownsville, Ajre 93 Years Squire Rob't McKinley West Brownsville, Age 84 Years 182 Redstone Old Fort Encampment, No. 70, I. O. O. F. lodge room on the third floor. The building cost about $3,000, and at this time is used by several lodges. The present officers are, J. M. Lanon, N. G. ; Roy Smith, V. G. ; Benj. Tilghman, P. N. G.; T. Carson, N. F.; H. W. Mossett, P. N. F.; C. Hinton, A. D. v.; T. W. Wood, treasurer; Benjamin Arnett, P. vS.; A. Davis, E. S. ; Wm. Stewart, chaplain. Trustees, J. Yates, R. Kennedy, H. "W. Mossett. REDST(3NE OLD FORT ENCAMPMENT, No. 70, I. O. O. F. Original charter granted December 29, 1847. First officers: John J. Rathmell, C. P.; Jacob Grazier, H. P.; James Storer, S. W. : Thomas Shuman, J. W. ; Daniel Delaney, Secretary; Thomas Duncan, Treasurer. TRIUMPH LODGE, No. (H.'i I. O. O. F. Chartered November H), 1S(')7. First officers; U. L. Clemmer, N. G. ; Florence Bernhert, V. G.; J. R. Thornton, Secretary; John R. McCixne, A. S.; Chas. T. Hurd, Treasurer. Later officers: T. S. Wood, N. G. ; Charles Gabler. V. G.; G. B. Clemmer, Secretary; H. H. Hawley, Asst. Secretary; C. T. Hurd, Treasurer. Charter surrendered long since. NEMACOLIN TRIBE, No. lli>, IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN. Twentieth Sun of the Buck Moon, G. H. D. 379. Charter memljcrs: J. M. Hutchinson, D, P. Swearer, E. N. Coon, James B. Vandyke, A. V. Smith, R. I. Pat ton, BROWNSVILLE LODGE, No. 357, K. of P. Chartered May 28, 1872. S. B. P. Knox, James M. Hutchinson, James B. Vandyke, Thomas Duncan, Nathan Crawford, Van B. Baker, John L. Wise, Samuel A. Clear, James A. Hill, charter members. KEYSTONE TEMPLE of HONOR, No. 4. Chartered May 9, 1850. Charter members: John S. Pringle, Oliver C. Cromlow, Robert K. Coulter, Hugh Kennedy, Henry C. _^/um, George C. Ishcrwood, Freeman Wise, D. W. C. Harvey, Williani England, John H. Lindey, James M. Hutchinson, Samuel Voorhis, Charles T. Hurd, James Corwin, Moses Moorehouse, Thomas B, Mur])hy, William L. FauU, A. G. Minehart, Thomas Craven, Thomas Banks. Templar's Hall was Imuglit by the Keystone Tem])le of Honor in 1857. and destroyed by fire in 18()1. Present building (Wilkinson Building) was erected the same season and was used liy K. of P., Red Men, I. O. O. F~. and others for some time. The Compact Si^j^ncd in the Cabin of the "Mayflower," Nov\ iith, Old Style, Nov. 21st, New Style, 1620. " In the naVnc ot God, amen, we whose names arc underwritten, the loyall subjects ot our dread soveraigne Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britaine, Franc an(1 Irchind k'ing, detendcr oi the taith, tvrc, haveing undertaken, for the glorie of God, and advancemente of the Christian faith, and honor oi our king and countrie, a vo)-age to pLant the (n'st colonic m tlie nortlicrnc jiarts of Virginia, doe b)' these presents solemnly and mutualy in the presence of God. and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civill body pnjitick, for our better ordering and preservation and iurthcrcncc ot the ends aforesaid: and bv vertue hereof to enactc, consti- tute and frame such just and equall laws, ordenances. acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meete and convenient lor the general good of the colonic, unto which w-e pronn'se all due subnnssion and obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cap-Codd the 1 1 of November, in the year ot the raigne of our soveraigne lord, King James of England, Franc and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth, ANo Dom 1620." DEGORY PRIH6T. THOMAS WII.LIAMS. GII.BERT Wi: BGESON. Kiiulb loaned us by .Mr. Ki)laiul C. Ri.iior- 184 Keystone Temple of Honor, No. 4 KEYSTONE TEMPLE OF HONOR, No. 4, UNION SOCIAL DEGREE. Chartered December 13, 1850. Charter members as follows: C. Harvey, Emma Minehart, D. Cromlow, Lydia Voorhis, John S. Pringle, F. Wise, G. C. Isherwood, Martin H. Kennedy, R. K. Coulter, J. Corwin, M. Moorehouse, C. Drum, W. L. Faull, J. C. Lindsay, C. F. Hurd, A. G. Minehart and O. C. Cromlow. TEMPLE OF HONOR, No. 4, COUNCIL. Original charter December 15, 1851; re-chartered May 19, 1853: John S. Pringle, Freeman Wise, G. C. Isherwood, John S. Lindsey, charter members. JOHN E. MICHENER POST, No. 173, DEPT. OF PA., G. A. R. This post was chartered May 13, 1880, with the following-named charter members: B. F. Campbell, William A. Barnes, N. W. Truxal, William Mc- Coy, Daniel Campbell, Samviel Wright, William H. Shaffer, James Smith, George W. Jenkins, John G. Jackson, Charles E. Eckles, Thomas Feuster, N. P. Hormell, William Wright, Henry Minks, George W. Arrison, J. W. Mc- Intyre, R. N. Chew, Henry Drake, S. WilHams, F, T. Chalfant, Hugh Mc- Ginty, W. A. Hatight, J. H. Gibson, J. T. Wells, J. D. S. Pringle, John D. Hart, Enoch Calvert. MIRROR THAT HUNG IN THE MAYFLOWER. The old mirror from which the picture on opposite page was made is now the property of Mrs. Morgan West of Damascus, Ohio. It was brought over in the Mayflower in 1620 by one of Mrs. West's remote ancestors and has been hannded down through many generations, as a precious heirloom. The faces that were reflected in this mirror as it hung on the walls of the cabin of the Mayflower as she was rocked on the waves of the Atlantic, have long since passed away, as have many generations after them, but the religious liber- ties that were dearer than life to them, and the ])rinciples to maintain which they crossed the stormy Atlantic, have grown and flourished until today they are as a mantle of protection spread over this glorious nation. f- . SNUFF BOX THAT CAME OVER IN THE MAYFLOWER. Another old heirloom that is now in the hands of Hunter Bcall and that is highly prized, is an old snuff box that was brought over in the Mayflower by Moses Fletcher in 1620 and has been handed down through many genera- tions, coming to Mr. Beall from his great-grandmother, Nancy Beall whose maiden name was Fletcher, and who was also the great-grandmother of J. Percy Hart, the publisher of this book. Mr. Beall prizes it so highly that he remained at the art gallery or studio of our artist, W. D. Pratt, while it was being photographed and when a good negative had been obtained, took it away with him. Mirror that hung: in Cabin of the Mayflower Snuff Box that was brought over on the Mayflower 186 Peter Hunt's Famous Skatina: Rink PETER HUNT'vS FAMOUS SKATING RINK. One of the most famous pleasure resorts here some forty or more years ago, was the skating rink of Peter Htmt who was himself a unique and interesting character. This rink was located on what was for manj^ years known as the second bottom and stood near the fill and stone bridge of the Connellsville Central R. R., now building up Dunlap's Creek. Mr. Hunt flooded his rink every day during the winter taking water from the mill race and thus provided an excellent skating surface. He had a little house well provided with stoves in which skaters could warm and ]:)Ut on or take off their skates. The old Grooms Band led by Dr. Grooms furnished excellent mtisic, and many was the merry lad and lass who glided over the smooth surface of that rink to the enchanting strains of Dr. Grooms' mtisic, who would now be much at a loss on the steel runners, while many others who were then the gayest of the gay, like Mr. Hunt and his rink, have wandered away to other lands or passed down over the great divide. Outside the door of the little house, Mr. Hunt kept a thermometer and an old Scotchman who usually swept the rink, attached mtich importance to this thermo:Ticti-r. If it indicated extreme cold he would go in often to warm but if the mercury was above freezing he was positive it was not cold William Dodds James Campbell Secretary United Mine Workers of Horn at Albanj-, one mile below Brownsville. America. District Xo. 5 Was Pres. of the Universal Federation of Window Class Workers of the World John Mitchell National President United Mine Workers of America Patrick Dolan Theodore J- ShaiTer President United Mine Workers of Pres. Amalgamated Assn. of Iron and Steel America. District No. 5 Workers of America. Once lived in Krown.sville and was Pastor of M. H. Church 188 The Old Wooden Bridsce no matter how he felt. Not infrequently the boys played tricks on the old man. They wonld hold the bulb of the thermometer in their hands till the mercur}- would climb up into the sixties and it is said that one cold day the old man was almost frozen but when he looked at the thermometer and saw that the mercury stood far above freezing, he shambled, shivering, back to his work murmuring that he did not know what was the matter with him as he could not stand the cold as well as he once did. THE OLD WOODEN BRIDGE. There was no commvmication by bridge across the Monongahela river from West BrownsN'ille to Bridgeport until the year 1833, all the traffic across the stream at this point being accommodated by the ferries up to that time. More than twenty years earlier, however, the project of bridging the river at some point near the mouth of Dunlap's Creek was agitated by some of the most prominent men of the vicinit}^ on both sides of the river. In 1810 an act was passed (approved March 20th in that year) "to authorize the Gover- nor to incorporate a company for erecting a bridge over the Monongahela river at or near where the road leading from Brownsville to the town of Washington crosses the same," thus authorizing the location of the bridge at Brownsville or Bridgeport, as might be decided on. The act designated and appointed '' Neal Gillespie, Jr., Parker Campbell, and Thoinas Acheson, of the count)' of Washington, Jacob Bowman, Thomas Mason, Charles Shaffner, Samuel Jackson, David Ewing, and Michael Sowers, of the county of Fayette," commissioners to receive subscriptions to the stock of the company to be formed. It was provided and rcciuired by the act that the bridge should be so constructed as not to obstrtict navigation (except so far as might be done by the erection of the two abutments and three piers in the river), ""or in any manner to obstruct the passage over the usual fording place, which shall at all times be open as heretofore to persons desirous of passing through the same." The company was of course authorized to collect tolls. The bridge to be commenced in three years and finished in seven years from the passage of the act, tmder penalty of forfeiture of rights and franchises Reference to the probable early commencement and completion of the bridge are found in the newspapers of that time; but no work was ever acttially done on it, nor does it appear that the bridge site was definitely determined on or the neccsarv amount of stock subscribed. On the 16th of March, 1S30, the Monongahela Bridge Company was in- corporated, with a capital of $44,000. The corporators were George Hogg, James L. Bowman, Valentine Giesey, and Robert Claii<:e, of Fayette Cotinty: Daniel Moore, Jesse Kenworthy, Ephraim L. Blaine, John Ringland, and Thomas McKennan, of W^ashington County. By the terms of the incor- poration William Davidson, George Craft, Isaac Meason, and Andrew Oli- phant, of Fayette Cotmty, and John Park, Jr., WiUiam Berry, and John Watson, of Washington County, were appointed commissioners to locate the site of the liridge. These men. taking into consideration the great amount of travel and traffic then coming to the river over the National Road, fixed 190 Visit of General lyaFayette the location at the point where that road strikes the ri\er in Bridgeport, and where the bridge now spans the stream. Books were opened for subscriptions to the stock in July, 1830, and the requisite amount was soon obtained. The contract for building was awarded to Messers. LeBaron & DeMond, at $32,000, with $5,000 additional for the approaches. They commenced work in the fall of 1831, and on the 23d of November received the first payment of $500 on the contract. Apparently the work was not pushed very vigorously, for the bridge was not completed until 1833, the first tolls being received on the 14th of October in that year. The bridge is a covered structure, of wood, six hundred and thirty feet in length, in three spans, standing on two piers in the river between the abut- ments. For nearly three-quarters of a century it has stood firin against the ice and numerous great floods in the Monongahela, the most remarkable of which was, perhaps, that which reached its most dangerous point on the 6th of April, 1852. The bridge has always been a very profitable investment to the stockholders, but more particularly so in the jjalmy days of the National Road, before the railways had di\'erted its travel and traffic into other channels. The first officers of the company were George Hogg, president ; Thomas McKenna, secretary; James L. Bowman, treasurer. The present officers of the bridge company are, George W. Lenhart, President; W. A. Edmiston Secretary and Treasurer; C. L. Snowdon, S. S. Graham, Chas. W. Bowman. M. R. Jacobs, Roland C. Rogers, Joseph Bailey. VISIT OF GENERAL LAFAYETTE. The visit of the Marquis de LaFayette to Brownsville, in May, 1825, was a memorable event in the annals of the borough. Having started in 1824 from the eastern cities on an extended tour of the United States, he was at that time mentioned moving eastward from the Ohio on his return. On the evening of the 25th of May, he arrived at Washington, Pa., where he was to pass the night, and in the morning proceed to Brownsville and Uniontown. The reception committee of the last-named place were at Washington to meet him, and it appears that he considered himself as in their charge from the time of his leaving Washington. The message sent forward from that place in the evening of the 25th was, "He will leave here tomorrow morning earl}', will breakfast at Hillsborough, dine at Browns\"ille, and stip and lodge at Uniontown . ' ' In accordance with this arrangement, General LaFayette, accompanied by his son, George Washington LaFayette, and his private secretary, set out froni Washington at a very early hour in the morning of the 26th, and took the road to the Monongahela river, escorted by the reception committee and others from Fayette County. The scenes attending the arrival of the partj- at Brownsville were described in an accotmt written a few years later by one who witnessed them, as follows: "The citizens of Brownsville had also made preparations to give the General a very warm reception. At that time there was no bridge over the 192 \'isit of General LaFavette Fred. S. Chalfaiit, Deed, Ex-SherifT of Fayette County Monongahcla at Brownsville, and communication was kept up between the two counties of Fayette and Washington by means of a flatboat ferry. This ferryboat was magnificently fitted up by the citizens of Brownsville for this grand occasion, being nicely carpeted and decorated with beautiful arches. A comjiany of volunteers, commanded by Capt. Valentine Giesey, was present, each member of the company having the following appropriate motto printed and attached to his cap, 'Welcome General LaFayette. ' Al)out the time of LaFayette's arrival on the opposite side of the river, the volunteers, accompanied by twenty-four ladies dressed in white, representing the then twenty- four states in the Union, entered the ferryboat, and were sf)()n landed on the opposite side of the river, where the first general reception given to LaFayette by the citizens of Fayette County took place, on the ferry- boat on the west side of the Monongahela River. "After a general welcome was extended to General LaFayette by the large concourse of peo])le assembled on the shores, the ferryboat returned to the Brownsville side of the river, and the distingtiished visitor was escorted, amidst the most tmbciunded enthusiasm, to what was then called the Brashaer Letters from Andrew Jaekson 193 Hotel, kept by Colonel Brashcar, whc-re a most suin])tuous dinner had been prepared for the oeeasion. ba Fayette's reeeption at Brownsville, in the language of one of the survixors of that memorable oeeasion, was afU'Ctionate and touching. So urgent were ihe citizens of that ])lace lor the (icneral to remain that the committee from Uniontown, of whom Cicorge ("raft, then sheriff of Fayette County, was one, were compelled lo r^nnnd him that a very large concourse of the citizens of the county was awaiting his arrival at Union- town. Upon being thus reminded, the General very i)leasantly remarked to the citizens by whom he was surrounded that he was now in the custody of the shcritT, and that they must excuse him. ' LETTERS FROM ANDREW JACKSON, The following letters from Andrew Jackson to a committee that had charge of the reception tendered the General when i)assing through the Three Towns, is well worth a ])lacc in any history. Though written nearly a quarter of a century before the riuestion of state rights, inflamed by the agitation of the slavery (luestion, involved the country in a l)loody war, it will be ol.iser\'ed l)y the tenor of the letter, that there was in the mhid of General Jackson a fear or premonition that at some time there would be an attempt made to disrupt the Union, and also that Jackson who is the patron saint of Democracy, stood phil(iso]:)hically and hrmly for the Union. We are indebted to our fellow- townsman James Risl;>eck for Jackson's letter and the comments on members of the committee. Steamboat " Wm. Wirt," OJiio River, March 17, bS37. Gentlemen: I seize the first leisure moment, to ex]n-ess my gratitude^ to my fellow-citizens of Brownsville and Bridgeport for the warm and flattering manner in which I was received by them, through you as their organ, during the few minutes I had the pleasure to spend with them on the 14th inst. on my journey to the Hermitage. If my public services have contributed in and degree, to elevate the char- acter of our country, or to perpetuate our liberties, it will be the cherished and proudest consolation of my declining years, during the few remaining days, which may under Divine Providence, be allotted to me on earth. Relieved as I now am, of the cares of public life, and retiring into that retirement, to which I have looked forward with so much anxiety and anticipated pleasure, I shall not cease to feel an ardent attachment to niv country, and an anxious desire for the preservation in all its purity and vigor of that constitution under which these states are united. That constitution, under a wise administration of public affairs, must continue to make us in all future time what we now are. a jtrst, prosperous and happy people. I have long entertained the opinion, that upon the preservation of the Union of the States depends the last hope of the world, for rational self- government among men. This opinion is not weakened by a long life of experience and observation of the ]iractical operation of our system. 194 Letters From Andrew Jackson And it is with pleasure that I bear my testimony to the fact, that no por- tion of my fellow-citizens, have manifested a more firm attachment to the Union, than the people of the great State of Pennsylvania, a portion of whom yovi represent, and my parting admonition to all my countrymen is, to preserve the Union at all hazards. The testimonial which my fellow-citizens of Browmsville and Bridgeport, have given me through you, of their approbation of my efforts to serve my country, and of their personal esteem, is more gratifying to me, now that I have become a private citizen, and have ceased to exercise authority; and I beg you to assure them, that I will bear with me to the Hermitage the recollection of the kind opinions which they have been pleased to convey to me. I cannot forbear with grateful feelings, to reciprocate the kind benediction you have invoked from the Almighty disposer of events, for the restoration of my health, and my eternal happiness, and beg to assure you that I am with great respect your friend and fellow' citizen, Andrew Jackson. To Messrs. Henrv T- Rigden, W. Y". Roberts, Eli Abrams, Benedict Kimber, Commiitce. Wm. Y. Roberts was a prominent Democrat and was (the fourth) post- master (in 1S3S), and I think was also sent to the Legislature from Fayette County. Eli Abrams was associate judge of this county, and taught school in Brownsville in his young days. He also was a Democrat. Benedict Kimber was engaged in the glass business here and for a time was commander of some of the boats rtmning on the Monongahela River, son, I believe, lived and probably still lives in Morgan town, W. Va. Henry J. Rigden was the sixth postmaster of Brownsville (in 1845), was for many years a justice of the peace here and died in 1887 at the age of 99. Rigden was also in the war of 1812 and had charge of the work at Presque Isle harbor from Nov. 25, 1839 to Nov. 21, 1840. He was a Democrat of the old school. I am not sure about Kimber' s politics but am told by all the old people here who knew the Kimber family that they were all Democrats. I give you this short sketch of the committee to show that " Old Hickory" was not forgotten by the Democrats of Brownsville. Very respectfully yours, James Risbeck. OUR rOvSTMASTURvS Win. C. Steele, Brownsville J. Bennett Moffitt, West Brownsville Solomon G. Kreeps, Sr., Cadwallader BI^RGESSEvS OF OUR TOWNvS Win. H. Fisher, Brownsville Christian Snyder. West lirownsville Thomas. A. Jeffries, Bridgeport rRi:SII)F,NTS ()!• COUNCILS W. \"iiil. Wiiiaiis, r.ridueport Byron Moffitt. West Brownsville Harr,\- Kisinser. lirovvnsville SECRETARIES OF COUNCILS Chas. W. Coulter, Brownsville Edward Gregg, West Brownsville Kdwin P. Couse, Bridgeport PRKSIDKNTvS OF vSCHOOT, BOARDvS Oeo. I.. Moore, Bridgeport Wni. A. Ediniston, Brownsville Thomas. H. Moffitt, West Brownsville OUR AvSSESSORS Edw. S. Del,aiie\-, lirowiisvillc William I)ellV\cv of Altnrney T. S. Lackey of L'nionlown and on July 13, 1903, was admitted tn jiraeliee at the Fayette County l)ar. He located in Browns\ille in August, 1903, and has already built up a lucrative practice. .MAX KLEIX, Merchant Tailor Among the most active and successful lousiness men fif the Three Towns, is the irrepressible Max Klein, now a large investor in real estate as well as proprietor of one of the best and most pojiular merchant tailoring estab- lishments in Brownsville. For si >me time after coniing here Mr. Klein devoted himself exclusively to his trade, that of tailoring, and at which he is an expert, first working for S. H. Minehart as cutter and eoatniaker, and later commencing business for himself. Mr. Klein has always had an eye to windward for any opportunity that might come his way and when it was assured that the Monongahela railroad would be built, he commenced to cast about for desirable investment in real estate. The result was that he soon accumvilated considerable valuable real estate, doing so before the prices commenced to soar skyward and while others were yet hesitating as to whether it was good policy to enter the market and as a result has found his ])roperty rapidly increasing in value. His holdings are quite extensive and well selected and on some of his lots in desirable residence localities he is now ha\'ing a number of very handsome houses built. In the meantime his mei'chant tailoring establishment is not neglected and continues to prosper and increase in business and popularity. Mr. Klein is a busv man bi;t is never too busv to show everv courtesv to his friends and 216 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company those with whom he does business and it is with pleasure that his contem- poraries note his success. The story of Mr. Klein's life reads almost like a romance and the fact that he started out in the world lone-handed at the age of eight years and without any monetary assistance has achieved the degree of success he now enjoys, is almost incredible. Max Klein was born at Tisa Corod in Hungary. January 17, 18G9 and was imbued with a migratory spirit prompted by a desire to see something of the great wide world about him, from his infancy. Accordingly when he was only eight years old, he crossed the paternal threshold, ttirned his back upon the' scenes of his childhood days and alone faced the world to do battle for himself. Nothing daunted by his yovith or rather infancy, for he was little more than an infant, nor by the obstacles that confronted him he went forth confident of success, and though his parents had means to assist him, he never called upon them for aid or ad\-ice. At the age of ten, he entered a tailoring establishment as an apprentice and served there five years for his board and clothes. At the end of this time his close application to business and natural aptitude had given him a good practical knowledge of the business and he went to Glasgow, Scotland where he worked at his trade sixteen months, but in the meantime his thoughts and attention had been directed to the \'ast area of the new world on this side of the water and he accordingly set sail for New York landing in Castle Garden in May 1883. From there he went direct to McKeesport where he remained for two years. He then visited Chicago, Kansas City, St. Lotiis, Dallas, Texas and many other points in the west and south and finally returning north worked a short time at Youngstown, Ohio, after which he came to Brownsville. With his career here every citizen of the Three Towns, is familiar and an admirer. METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK. Assets, $105,656,3n.(i0. Ed. Taylor, Assistant Superintendent, Brownsville, Pa. The company r>f the people, by the people, for the people. Proof of jjublic confidence: The number of ])olicies in force is greater than that of any other company in America, greater than that of all the regular life insurance companies put together (less one) and can only be appreciated by comparison. It has a greater number of policies in force than the combined population of Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Delaware, Florida, Colorado, Oregon, Washington, W'yoming, Nevada, Montana, Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Alaska, Arizona, New Mexico, District of Columbia, Indian Territory, Oklahoma and Hawaii; or, as to cities it has as many as the population of Greater New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, and St. Louis, combined. This company has more premium paying business in force in the United States than any other company, and for each of the last ten years has had morc^ new insurances accej.ited and issued than any other company in tlie wcirlii. Ivdward Taylor, Insurance Agent 217 Edward Ta\ Asst. Siii)t. Metropolitan I,ife Insurance Co. sr;xificaxt facts. This company's policy claims paid in I'.lOo average in number one for each minute a third of each business day of S hours each and in amount, $St).()() a minute the year throttgh. 'idle following is the daily a\-erage of business for 1903: 359 per day in number of claims paid. 6,297 per day in number of policies issued. $1,303,559.06 per day in new insurance written. $98,582.76 per day in payment to policy h(.)lders and addition to reserve. $33,841.18 per day in insurance of assets as to the home trade at Browns- ville. Mr. Tavlor located here two years and six months ago, startin.g with some 400 ])olicy holders. During this time there has been added to this number of members of over 1 ,400 on Mr. Taylor's books. They write policies on people from one year to seventy years old, and fr(.)m $800 to $100,000-00. If you wish hfe insurance of any kind, and an insurance of which you need not be ashamed, call on Mr. TayL.ir at Room 1 Monongahela National Bank Building, or incpiire of any of his agents and they will be pleased to explain any of their many contracts about wdiich you wish to learn. and you will find out to your satisfaction, that they do business with an honesty and a fairness that is excelled bv none. 218 Howard B. Johnston, News Dealer Howard B. Johiistuu Howard B. Johnstox, the subject of this sketch, is a native of Browns- ville, Pennsylvania, having been born in the house w^here he now resides, April 21, 18G3. He is a son of William Henry and Eliza J. (Brown) John- ston, who were among the most prominent and highly respected citizens of Brownsville. Mr. Johnston rccci\'ed his early education in the public schools of Browns- ville and in the Brownsville high school and the State Normal at Kutztovvn, Pa., graduating from the latter two with the highest honors. On completing his education Mr. Johnston took his position in the ranks of our leading educators and was a prominent figure in educational circles for about ten years, six years of which time he w-as principal of the Johnstowm, Pennsyl- vania, high school, filling the position to the entire satisfaction of all con- cerned and with great credit to himself. While Mr. Johnston has ahvays affiliated with the Republican party and taken an active interest in the work and success of his party, he has never aspired to political office. Two years ago Mr. Johnston Ijought and assumed control of the news agency of the Pittsburgh papers at this place and has since conducted the business with marked success, rendering efficient and highly appreciated service to the hundreds of readers he daily supplies. He is an active, ener- getic man, w-ith progressive ideas, and is ever ready and willing to lend a helping hand in promoting the welfare of the community in which he lives. April 28, 1897, he man-icd Miss Amanda Brixner, the popular and accom- plished davighter of Christian and Anna B. (Sammatt) Brixner, of Johns- towm, Pennsylvania. To this union there have been born two children, Howard Brixner Johnston and Edna Lillian Johnston. Mr. Johnston is an honored and active member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Brownsville. Biographical Skktches ok thk Livhs ok Many ok Our Eaki.v Citizens, Now Djc- ceased; Also ok vSome of Our Present Residents, and a Numhivr Who Now Claim Other Places as Their Homes. luDGE Thomas Duncan. — Among the venerable men of Bridgeport, highly esteemed by all who knew him, and identified with the interests of the borough and its twin sister, Brownsville, by over half a eentury's residence and active business life within their limits, and participating in the best measures, well performing the duties and dignifiedly bearing the responsi- bilities of good citizenship therein, watchful over the weal and social good order of the place where he so long made his home, was J udge Thomas Duncan. He was of Scotch-Irish extraction. His father. Arthur Duncan, emigrated from County Donegal, Ireland al:)out 17i)3, to America, and found his way into Fayette Countv as a soldier in the service of the Vnited States among the troops sent hither by the government to suppress the Whisky Insurrection. After the troops were disbanded he settled in Franklin Township, near Upjier Middletown (then known as " Plumsoek"), Menallen Township, and mari'icd Sophia Wharton, daughter of Arthtir Wharton, of Franldin Township, but a nati\-e of England, who held a large tract of land in that township, and was a man of strong individuality. Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Duncan passed the greater portion of their lives in Uiijier Middletown, l)Ut Mrs. Duncan died about 1845, in Pittsburg, to which yilace the family had removed, and Mr. Duncan, about in IS.jO, in Moundsville, Va., at the residence of one of his daughters, Mrs. Nancy Rosell. Mr. and Mrs. Duncan were the ])arents of ten children, the second in number of Avhom was Jvidge Thomas Duncan, who was born in Franklin Township, August 22, 1S07. He received his early education in the Thorn Bottom schoolhousc, in those days often ].)ompously or ironically dubbed "The Thorn Bottom Seminary," on Buck Run, in his native township. During his boyhood he wrought more or less in the Plumsoek Rolling Mill, and at eighteen years of age was a])])renticed to a cabinetmaker, Thomas Hatfield, an expert mechanic, with whom he remained three years, and three more as a partner. He then removed to Bridgeport, where he resided until his death, February 21, 1S1)4, carrying on as his prineijial Inisiness that m which he hrst engaged. Note.— We regret that we are unable to print biographies of all of the prominent citizens of the Three Towns, both living and deceased, but it is practically impossible to do .so. Were we to attempt such a thing it would require not less than two years to complete the work. — En. 8 220 Ji^it^ge Thomas Duncan Judge Duncan always took an active part in public affairs. He was a member of the first board of school directors in Bridgeport chosen under the present law organizing the common schools, and earnestly advocated the enactment of the law long before it was made. He was frequently a member of the Common Council, and several times burgess of Bridgeport. He also took prominent part as a Democrat in the politics of the county, was county commissioner from 1841 to 1843, both inclusive, and was elected in 1851 associate judge of Fayette County for a period of five years, and re- elected in the fall of 185G for a like term, and fulfilled the duties of his office throughotit both terms. In 1837, Judge Duncan joined the Masonic order, tiniting with Browns- ville Lodge No. 60, and filled all the offices of the lodge. He was a member of Brownsville Chapter. He was also a member of St. Omer's Commandery No. 7, of Brownsville, and also a member of Brownsville Lodge, No. 51, of the Order of Odd Fellows from 1834 to his death. Judge Duncan was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church from the last-named year until his death. In May, 1829, he married Priscilla StcA'cns, daughter of Dr. Benjamin Stevens of Union town, whose father, Benjamin Stevens, came to Fayette County from Maryland, and was also a physician. Mr. and Mi's. Duncan became the parents of five children, two of whom are living — Mrs. Elizabeth Worrell, of Bridgeport, and Thomas J. Duncan, a lawyer practicing his pro- fession at Washington, Pa. Dr. W. S. Duncan, of Bridgeport, was the son of Judge Thomas Duncan. Dr. Duncan was born May 24, 1834; and here it may quite as properly as anywhere else be noted that the date of his birth Avas the only fact or item of the following biographical sketch which the doctor has independently furnished, he being decidedly averse, as he expressed it, to countenancing any "representation of himself in such manner as shall seem to have been stiggested in whole or part by himself," or, "through favorable facts which, it will be obvious, were furnished by himself." So the interviewer was ad- vised to refer to others, and if there are found any errors of opinion or state- ment in this sketch they must be attributed to the writer's source of infor- mation. Dr. Duncan, though long since gone to his reward, merits more emphatic notice in a work of this kind than is usually acccnxled to the living of any profession or vocation, for he occujjied a place not only in the front rank of the physicians of Fayette County, but among the profession at large. He was a very careful and comprehensive investigator, and a progressive man, keeping pace with the advance in medicine and its allied sciences by the only means feasible and practicable, especially to a country physician at a dis- tance from the colleges, lecture rooms, and hospitals, namely, books. The caller-in at Dr. Duncan's office, though he came from the city, where the best private medical libraries exist, was surprised at the extent of the doctor's library which contained the most valuable standard medical Avorks of the past, and was richly supplied with the most approved works newly issued in this country and Europe. Probably not a score of physicians in such cities as Dr. W. S. Duncan 221 New York or Phil;ulel])hia, individually jxisscss libraries comjjarablc in \alue to that 111' Dr. Duncan, and it was prol)al)le that out of all the other nu'dieal libraries in Fayette County not one-half as many se])arate works, or works bv different authors, eould be ii;leaned as were contained in liis. Meilical books are just as much a positive necessity for the inte.Ljral understanding and seientilic practice of medicine as are good sound "horse sense," an ex- cellent fundamental c-ducation in medical science, ])rudenee, etc., which were too ajit to ])v sujijiosed all that a physician needs. Hi- must kec]) up with the ad\-aneement of medical science if he would be trtily sueei'ssful and great, and he should be unwilling to be less. Books were ])raetically his only source of information. No one physician's "experience," though it cover a half century of practice, and comitlcss cases of ex])eriment and speculation, can afford any consideral)le information or "scientific facts." in comparison with what books supply, made up as they are out of the ex- Ijcriences and stttdies of armies of doctors and professors of medical science. The sick e\-erywhere should consider these things, and the physician of large practice, it may be, but who is too indolent to read, or too penurious to provide himself with l>ooks, or he who is too jxior, it may hv, to be ^^■ell eqtti]i]ied with l)ooks, should be shunned; the former as dangerous, sjiecula- tive, and who indolently "sets himself up" above the ripest l:)ooks and the l)est ])hilosophers, and so deliberately defrauds his patients by failing to fur- nish what they have a right to ex|)eet; the latter as a subject of ])ity, of too weak parts to know his duty U> himself and the ]ml)lie, and so willing to trille with human life and subject it to risks rather than undertake to borrow what he cannot do without, and be what he pretends to be. a "doctor," or learned man in medicine. It is no more than honorably due to Dr. Duncan to sav that he did loyal and royal honwr to the profession by ])roviding himself in an unstinted manner with the pr(.)])er a]ipointments and equipments for jiractice, and the universal credit which was accorded him as a strong man in his ])rofession im]ilies the fact; for such a man as he was, is ever ready to acknowledge that much of whatever he is he owes to his silent, richly endowed friends, af^le b(.)r)ks. For what follows posterity is indel)ted to two books m which professional notice (.)f Dr. Duncan is made, one of which was entitled, "Physicians and Surgeons of the United States." edited by William B. Atkinson, M. D., 1S7S; the other a record of the "Transactions of the Rocky Mountain Medical Association," with biographies of the members, by J. H. Toner. M. D., a leading physician of Washington, D. C. (1S77): " Dr. Dttnean was liberally educated at Mount Union College, vStark County, Ohio. His medical stttdies were commenced in bS,55 with Dr. M. O. Jones, then of Bridgeport. Matriculating in the tmiversity of Pennsyl- vania, he took a full course of lectures, and received his degree of M. D. therefrom in March, 1858. During the last year of his medical course he was a member of the private class of Dr. J.J. Woodward (one of the medical attendants of President Garfield in his last illness), in the special study of pathology, anatomy, and microsco])y. In June, 1858. he formed a part- nership with his preceptor in Bridgeport and commenced practice. The 222 Dr. James B. Grooms partnership continued for about two and a half years, when the doctor entered upon business alone, and remained by himself, in the office where he wrote his first prescription, until his death which occurred May 16, 1892. " Dr. Duncan served as a volvmteer surgeon at Gettysburg, was captured by the Confederate troops, but succeeded in escaping. In the latter part of his life, his labores were occasionally interrupted by excursions, the winter months being spent in Florida or other parts of the South, and part of the summers in New England and Canada. Like most country practitioners, he engaged in general practice, including surgery, and performed a ntunber of important operations — for hernia nine times, and treacheotomy seven times, and successfully performed the operation of excision of the head of the humerus, and of the lower part of the radius. Dr. Dtmcan was a member of the Fayette County Medical Society, and held in turn all its offices; also a member of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, and was one of its censors. He was a member of the American Medical Association, and of the Rocky Mountain Medical Association, and was an honorary member of the California State Medical Society." Dr. Duncan was a close student, and contributed quite extensively to medical literature. Among his numerous and able papers are those entitled as follows, and that merit special mention: "Malformation of the Genito- urinary Organs " (American Journal of Medical Science, 1859) ; "Belladonna as an Antidote for Opium Poisoning" (Ibid., 1862); "Medical Delusions" (a pamphlet published at Pittsburg, 1869); "Reports of Cases to Pennsyl- vania Medical Society" (1870-72); "Iliac Aneurism Cured by Electrolysis" (Transactions of the same society, 1875); a paper on "The Physiology of Death" (1876). Dr. Duncan was married March 21, 18(il, to Miss Amanda Leonard, of Browns\-ille. They had one child, a daughter, Helen Dvmcan, who married T. Holmes Patton. Mr. Patton died Mav 3, 1898. Dr. James B. Grooms who died March 10, 1895, still lives in the hearts of the people of the Three Towns, and for generations yet to come his memory will be cherished for his magnanimity his kind heart and Avilling hand in sympathizing with and helping those in pain and distress, for in his practice he never turned a deaf ear to the call of the worthy, and many are the grate- ful hearts that gladly testify to his kindness. Dr. Grooms was born in Carmichaels, Washington County, Pa., July 2, 1827, and was a son of Benjamin and Mary B. (Keer) Grooms. He was the eldest son of Benjamin Grooms, Avho was one of the earlier settlci^s of Greene Cotuity, coming from Maryland, and who married Mary B. Keer. In youth he was noted for his industrious, studious habits. His religious inclination led him early to vinite himself with the church, and at the age of 17, was a member of the church of his choice — the Methodist Episco- pal. His Christian experience was a beautiful realization of faith, hope and charity. He was a self-educated man, using the money he earned himself to fit him for the profession he loved so well. He taught school several years, Dr. Nerval W. Truxal 223 till he finally cnmj-ilctecl his medical edncatitm in Cleveland, Ohio. On completing his i-oiu'sc in materia mediea. \\v settled, to ]iractiee his profes- sion in Carmichaels, Pa. In 1853 he married ]'>lizabelh J. Wiley, dau.iihler of William Wiley, of Carmichaels, who with Ulysses C., now in l)nsiness in Peoria, 111.; Joseph C, land and claim a^ent of the P. &■ L. Iv R. R., Pittsburg, Pa., Cliarles E.. in business in Brownsville. Pa., and Misses Mary B. and Mattii' (i.. at home sur\'i\'e him. \\'hen the nnn-mur of discontent was heard in our land, and the dark days of civil strife caused cheeks to lilanch with fear for the safety of om- Union, he enlisted with the Ringgold l)attalion, a comjiany Ijcing formed in Greene and Washington Counties, and which was afterward merged into the 22d Penn'a. calvary. He served se\-eral years, and vipon coming home the in- delible stamp of decrepitude was ])lainly visil)lc upon his former iron frame. The doctor was of an inventive turn, and he, with his father, patented one of the first re])eating magazine rillcs in existence; also a rotary steam engine, in ISGO, he, with his family moved to Bridgeport, where he practiced his profession till death called him in his (iSth year. Dr. Norv.\i. Wilson Trl'.x.xl, one of the ])rominent physicians who prac- ticed medicine here in Brownsville some thirty-odd years ago, was 1>orn at Greensburg, Pa., June 14, 1.S22, and died in Brownsville, July 11, 1893. When a boy in his native town, he entered a jirinting oftice as an a])prentice and learned the art preservative, afterwards ])ul)lishing a ].)aper for a time in Mt. Pleasant, Pa. In the meantime, how-e\er, he had studied medicine, and early in life commenced the practice of that ])rofession, which he continued till his death. It was about the year 1868 when he located in Bnnvnsville. When the war of the rebellion broke out, he responded to his country's call and served as captain of Company I. Fifth W^est Virginia cavalry, till the close of the war. L. M. Truxal, editor and proprietor of the Enterprise a wide-awake and uji-to-date newspaper at Belle Vernon, is a son of Dr. Truxal. JOSEPH T.\LB(JT Rogers. — The history of Brownsville presents many ex- amples of successful business men. One of the best of these is the late Mr. Rogers. His character, industry and business abilities are especially worthy of commendation. Mr. Rogers preferred old Brownsville to all other places. He came here as early as 1830, and from that time until 1SU3, when he retfi-ed from busi- ness, was actively engaged in the commerciiil interests of our town. With one exception, he w^as the oldest resident of the two towns, and of the pioneers who were his contemporaries, only a very few survived him. He was born on a farm near the Westland meetinghouse, in the neighborhood of Centerville. Washington County, Pa., on the 2()th day of April, iSdCi. The Rogers family was one of the earliest to settle in Bucks Coiinty, the home of William Penn and one of the three original comities of the State. Mr. Rogers's grandfather moved from Bucks to Chester Ccninty, settled 224 Joseph Talbot Rogers there, and married Mary, daughter of Joseph Talbot, of that eormty. His son, John Rogers, Mr. Rogers's father, came from Chester County to Wash- ington County. His early boyhod was spent vipon the farm. At the age of 24 years, he came to this place and engaged in the manufacture of woolens. The facory was situated at the place where Miller's flouring mill afterwards stood. After a few years he quit manufacturing to enter mercantile life. While in the latter he took part in other local enterprises, including the building and furnishing of steamboats for the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. In this business he was associated with his cousin, Robert Rogers, one of the well-known ]jioneers of western steamboat building. Mr. Rogers was a shareholder and director in the Monongahela Bridge Company, and the Second National Bank owes its existence more to him than any other person. This Bank, as is shown by its charter number 135, was one of the first to organize under the laws of 1863. The government was then endeavoring to establish a uniform currency throughout the ccnmtry, b}' the organization of national banks. This was for the pvirpose of assisting the government in its struggle against the. Rebellion. It was at this time that Mr. Rogers displayed most, his ability as an organizer of financial concerns. Many difficulties were en- countered, but his determination overcame them all. When organized, this bank was called the First National Bank, and Mr. Rogers was its First Vice President. He afterwards became its President, and held the position twenty-seven years, resigning it in 1893. According to the Banker's Mag- azine, he was the oldest bank president in America. He seemed, in his old age, to have retained all his faculties intact. Mr. Rogers married Priscilla Mercer, daughter of Rev. Boyd Mercer, of Washington County. He resided here continuously from 1S39 to the time of his death. He was a man of regular habits and was particularly fond of his home, he suffered the loss of his wife in 18G8, but continued to live happily with his children, upon whom all his affection and interest seems to ha\'e centered, in his old age. Foiu" children sur\-ive him: Roland C, of this ])laee, retired; Talbot M., a retired business man of Philadelphia; Mary, wife of Rev. R. M. Wallace, D. D., of Lewistown, Pa., and Annie, wife of Rev. T. D. Ewing, D. D., of Corning, Iowa. Mr. Rogers left an ample forttme and a naine of which his children may well feel proud. John S. Wilgl's, the subject of this sketch, was born in Perryopolis, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, October 28, 1823, and was the son of John and Deadamia (Donnelly) Wilgus, the former of whom was born in New Jersey, September 12, 178(). vSamuel Wilgus, grandfather of John S., was also a native of New Jersey ^\■here he was reared and educated. He married Miss Rhoda Whitney who bore him four childnn, William, James, Edmund and John. He died in his native state. John S. Wilgus passed his youth at the old home in Perryopolis, Pa., and there received a liberal education. He commenced his business career as a clerk in a grocery store and afterwards eml)arked in that business for hini- self. JdIiii vS. Wil.uus 225 September 21, 1845, he nuirricd Barbara Hunter, a daughter of Samuel Hunter of AVestnioreland County, Pa., and to this ha]>])y luiion -were born seven children, as follows: T. B., Melissa A. (Mrs. D. M. Hart), Jane (de- ceased), Eva (Mrs. William Beatty), Dora (Mrs. Krepps), Blanche (Mrs. Fred L. Mason), Ettie (Mrs. Dr. Crawford). Barbara Hunter's mother was a Miss Nancy Fletcher, leneal descendant of Moses Fletcher, who came over in the Mayflower in \C)2i). John Wilgus, father of John S.. was educated by his mother and by elost' application to books, became, considering his inferior advantages, a remark- ably good scholar. He afterwards moved to Pennsylvania and located at Perrj^opolis of which ])lace he was one of the justices of the ■[)eace, an office at that time of no inconsiderable importance. He always took a deep and active interest in the ]iolitical movements in his section and was ])rominent in his ]>arty, lirst as a Democrat and later as a Whig. He was a consistent Christian and an active, progressive member and local ])reacher of the Meth- odist Episcopal Chin-ch. In New Jersey he had married Deadamia Donnelly, daughter of Jose])h Donnelly who came to Pennsylvania with Mr. Wilgus in 1806. The children born to this union were Josejjh, Lorenzo, Melissa, Louisa, Charlotte, Emily, John vS., Deadamia, Rhoda and Hulda. He died near Perryopolis, Pennsylvania, in October 1S71. While a resident of Perry- opolis, he read medicine and law, and for several years practiced as a physi- cian. He was the first one to suggest the building of the Union Pacific Rail- road in a letter to James K. Polk who was at that time President of the L^'nited States, as will be seen elsewhere in this vokune under the head of "Rail- roads." John S. Wilgus was originally a Whig, casting his first vote for Henry Clay. When the Rejniblican ])arty was formed, he enrolled himself under its banner and continued with it till his death. He held warious offices of honor and trust during his life, among theni being that of postmaster at Brownsville, to which position he was appointed in 1873. In 1880 he went into the grocery business in Monongahela City, which he continued till 1890 when he was elected alder- man of that city. He was an earnest and acti\'e memlier of the Disci])le Church and took a deep interest in all matters for the ad\-ancement and betterment of his town, coitnty and state. He died at Browns\'ille. Pa., Jtmi- l(i, HU)1, at the ripe old age of 77 vears months and 1(1 davs. Mr. Willi. -^m Chatlaxd, of Brownsville, was born at Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, England, June 1), 1811. He is the son of William Chatland of Meriden, a borough six miles north of the city of Coventry, in the same shire, and of Pricilla (Green) Chatland, of Brier Hill, Staffordshire. Mr. William Chatland, Sr., died in London about 1819, at the age of forty years, and some five years subsequent to the death of his wife, which occttrred in 1814. Mr Chatland, who was but three years of age at the death of his mother, was placed in the charge of his grandmother, Mrs. Ann Chatland, by whom he was reared until about his tenth year, when his grandmother died. He was then taken by his imcle, Jf)seph Chatland, a pros])erous baker of 226 William Chatland Coventry, with whom he resided until about his thirteenth year, and was then apprenticed to Daniel Claridge, a famous baker of Coventry at that time, to learn the trade of baking in all its branches. He remained with Mr. Claridge for seven years. After the expiration of his apprenticeship he went to London, and there, during a period of three years and a half, occupied positions in two first-class houses of that city. After finishing his stay in London he rettu^ned to Coventry, established himself in the baker's btxsiness, and married Miss Elizabeth Manton, the daughter of William Manton, a farmer of Berkwells, W^arwickshire. He conducted business in Coventry for some six years, after which, selling otit, he migrated with his famih' — wife and three daughters — to the United States, arriving in New York April 20, 1S44. In a few days thereafter he took the old "Bingham Line" for Pitts- burgh, Pa. Tarrying there a while prospecting, he eventually moved to the county seat of Washington County, where he resided, carrying on both the baking and confectionery business, for about eight years, and in 1852 organ- ized a company of fifteen persons to go with him by the overland route to California, where, at Sacramento, he bought out a baking business, which he conducted with great success until he was seized by a fever and ague, and was compelled to leave the country. He retttrned to his family, who had re- mained meanwhile at Washington. Failing to find a suital)le location for business in that town, he betook himself to Brownsville in 185-i, where he has since resided, carrying on business by himself for about eighteen years, when he took into partnership his son-in-law, George W. Lenhart. the hus- band of his daughter Sarah. Lender the firm name of Chatland & Lenhart they do an extensive business, and enjoy the re])utation of making the best water cracker now in use. The word "Brownsville" stamped upon a cracker means it is the best. In 1866 George W. Lenhart became a member of the firm and he continued a partner till 1895 when he withdrew and his son AA'illiam L. Lenhart took his place. The younger Lenhart, like his father before him, and his grandfather in the earlier days, is a wide-awake, progressive man and the business has continually grown and flourished until the products of the Chatland & Len- hart cracker factory are favorites in many states. Mrs. Elizabeth Chatland died at Brownsville, January 28, 1874, in the sixty-first year of her age, leaving a husband and three davightcrs, Elizabeth. Mary Ann and Sarah Ann Kate, the latter being the yovmgest and as before stated the wife of George W. Lenhart. Mr. Chatland and his family were members of the Protestant Episcopal Church in which Mr. Chatland was for many years a vestryman. From ] 884 Mr. Chatland was a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity. He was District Deputy Grand Master for Pennsylvania for fifteen years. District Deputy High Priest for sixteen years and also Eminent Commander of St. Omer's Commandery No. 7, held at Brownsville, for about eighteen years. Mr. Chatland was an old and honored citizen and was justly proud of his record as a Mason. He died April 11, I'JOO, in his 89th year. John IlL-rbertson 227 ic ot loiiN Herbertson. of Bridgeport, ^vho was for over sixty years om Ihc most active bvisiness men and suV)stantial eitizens of the borough in whieh he resided, was l.<-rn in (^hisgow, Scotland, Sq.tember 10, ISOo. In his chil.lhood he attended llie e(.nHn<.n schools, and ha law at that time forbidding mechanics to leave the realm, young Herbertson got his tools smuggled on board the •■Commerce," the sliip on which he took ]iassage, and which, after a voyage of hve weeks and two days, landed him in New York, m July, 1823. He soon proceeded to Marietta, Ohio, to enter upon farming under the misrepresentations of one Nahum Ward, a great scamp, who Vjv misrey.- resentations induced many people of Glasgow and elsewhere to lea\e then- homes and settle upon his lands. At Marietta, Mr. Herbertson "acquired" little else than fever and ague, and moved, after a few months, to Pittsburg, Pa., where he arrived in April, 1 S24. He lived in Pittsburg about five years, meanwhile learning the trade of steam-engine building. In 1829 he en- gaged with John Snowdon, of Brownsville, as foreman in his engine shop. He remained with Mr. Snowdon aljout seven years. During this time Mr. Snowdon took the contract for putting up the iron bridge across Dunlap's creek, the first ever built in America, as it is the first of its kind ever built in any country. For this bridge Mr. Herbertson did all the headwork, and, in fact, all the mechanical work. He designed the bridge, making the first drawing which was sent (..n to West Point, and there accepted by the government construction engineers. He made the patterns, supervised the molding, and also the erection oi the bridge. After the expiration of his engagement with Mr. Snowdon he went into the business of engine building with Thomas Faull, the firm name being Faull & Herbertson. This was in 1837 or 1838. He continued in business with Mr. Faull till 1842, when the latter ^vithdrew, and Mr. Herbertson continued the business on the same site until his death August 1 (\. 1 8i)(). He built a large number of steamboat and mill engines. His work was ordered from distant parts of the United States and from Mexico. As a skilled mechanic and designer of mechanical work, but few men, if any, in his line excelled him. Up'until his death he took an active interest m his business, and with the aid of his sons, all thoroughly instructed in the business and competent to take their father's idace and let him wholly retire, if he would, he still carried on an extensive work, which, however, after September,^ 1880, was conducted by him in partnership with his sons, George S. and William H. Herbertson, and his son-in-law, William H. Ammon, and Mr. A. C. Cock, under the firm name of John Herbertson & Co. The business is now con- ducted by his sons under the firm name of J. Herbertson's Sons. No man's reputation for integrity and the other virtues which go to make a noble and honorable man, stood higher m his community than that of Mr. Herbertson. ToHX S. Prixgle.— A history, though abridged, would be incom]ilete, even in that form, without siiccial mentirises to which he has not and does not continue to contribute. Mr. Rogers is a son of Jose])h Talbot and Priscilla (Mercer) Rogers, who were among the oldest and most prominent families of the Three Towns, their ancestors having settled near here early in the nineteenth century. In fact it is to his father Joseph T. Rogers more than to any other man that the First National Bank (now the Second National Bank) owes its existence as well as its prosperity. Roland C. Rogers was educated in the Bridgeport public scho(.)ls and at vSchwickley academy, and early in life eml:)arked in the mercantile business. This he followed in Philadelphia from bS()4 to 1884 with gratifying success, when he wisely decided to retire from bvisiness and return to his native town and spend the rest of his days enjoying the fruits of his labor and quietly furthering the interests of the municipality in which he makes his home. Mr. Rogers like many worthy men, is rather reticent about himself and avoids publicity as much as possible, -[ireferring to do (|uietly and without ostentation what his jitdgment dictates and his hands find to do. To a casual observer, he is a courteous, affable gentleman, Intt to those who by constant association with him have learned to really kudw him, his depth of character and breadth of generosity, have endeared him bey(^nd that degree ordinarily called friendshi]^. While Mr. Rogers has ne\-er asi^ired to jjolitieal ])referment, he has been called upon to fill many positions of honor and trust and has always made a record that is a credit to him and his friends. For three years he was a mem- ber of the Bridgeport council and during most of that time served as its president. He was also chairman of the light committee during his term as councilman and one of his firmest characteristics, that of self-sacrifice for the pubhc good, was strongly brought out at that time. The borough was then lighted by manufactured gas and the r|uestion of changing to electric lights was up to the connnittee. Mr. Rogers was a large stockholder in the gas company, and notwithstanding the fact that it was directly against his own financial interests, as chairman of the light committee, believing it for the best interest of the public, he recommended the adoption of the electric light and it was accordingly done. And, it is scarcely digressing to say that if the Congress of the United States was made up of such men, the people would get their dues and the lobbyist would be out of a job. He has served as a director of the Second National Bank of Brownsville, the Bridge company, the Electric Light company, the Bridgeport Cemetery company, only taking stock in the later company when it was assured him that it would not be conducted for the benefit or profit of the stockholders. He is now and has 234 Solomon Gillespie Krepps for the past thirty years, been a member of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and was for many years Vice President of the Second National Bank of Brownsville. Mr. Rogers is also a member of the Pennsylvania Forestry Association, and with his usual characteristic of j^racticing what he preaches, he has of his own accord, planted 170 trees in the Bridgeport ceme- tery. He is a great admirer of art and is a life member of the Fairmont Park Art Association of Philadelphia. While not a member, he has always been affiliated with the Presbyterian church, and with the apostle of old believes, and demonstrates his belief, that it is more blessed to give than to receive. Solomon Gillespie Krepps, the present efficient postmaster of Bridgeport (Cadwallader Postoffice), is the son of Samuel J. and Elizabeth (Brooke) Krepps, davighter of Clement and Ann (Dillon) Brooke of Baltimore, Maryland. He is of Welsh and German descent. His great-grandfather, Christian Krepps, was born in Germany in 1701 and came to New Jersey about 1760 and subse- quently, about 1775, came to Western Pennsylvania and bought a tract of land in what is now Washington County, from the Indians, beginning at what is now West Brownsville and extending toward Maiden. When the Indians, incited by the French, became so hostile in Western Pennsylvania, Mr. Krepps with many other settlers of this section, left his land and went back east, settling for the time at Philadelphia. He served during the Revo- lutionary War as did also two of his sons. In 17S2 he returned to the "Knob" farm and commenced the culti\'ation of his land bvit he only enjoyed this home a short time, for in 1784 he died from the effects of a gunshot wound he received at the battle of Brandywine. John Krepps, then a young man of twenty years, took charge of the estate and lived on the old home farm. The adjoining farm east, was owned by Neal Gellespie who had bought it from Indian Peter as recorded elsewhere in this volume, and on this farm lived the lo\'ely Mary Gillespie, to whose charms John Krepps fell a willing A'ictim. They spent the remainder of their days on their farm living at the foot of Krepps' Knob. The following chil- dren were born to this union : Christian, Solomon Gillespie, Samuel Jackson, Eleanor and John. Samuel J. Krepps, the father of the subject of this sketch, married Miss Elizabeth Brooke as above stated, and they settled do\\-n in the \-allev. For a time Mr. Krepps operated a sawmill which was run by water power, the water being taken from a dam then across the Monongahela river. In 1832 he built a house in what is now known as "The Neck," in Brownsville, for a residence and storerooms, and which is now the popular Monongahela house. Here they lived for many years and here their children were born. There were born to them here, John Brooke, Mary Ellen, Anna Eliza, Clement Dillon, Charles Wycliff, Samuel AV., Solomon Gillespie, and Christian C. Krepps. In 1847 Samuel J. Krepps returned to the Indian Hill farm where he and his estimable wife spent the remainder of their days. The children attended the district schools and later took collegiate courses, Solomon G. William C. Steele 235 Krep]is, the subject i>f Ihis sketch, selectin.tj: as his ahiia mater the laninus old Jefferson ccihegc, then at Canonsbin-g, Pa., but now tlie \Vashini,non and lelTcrson coUet^n', at Washin.gton, Pa. in the si)rin,iLi; of ISCil, Solomon (i. Kre]iiis n-sponded to the eaU of his country for \ohmteers to ])reserve llie Union and inhsted witli the first company that left liere for tlie front, and wlneli by the way was the lirst in the L'nited vStates to resi)ond to Lincohi's first caU. In Jul\' of the same year he was mustered into the service at ^h■rridan llih, D. C. January (>, 18G2,liewas made second lieutenant of Comjiany 1), Pennsylvania Infantry Corps. February HI, ISIiL', he was appointed by Abraham Lincoln to the rank of second lieutenant in the Fourth Infantry, United States Regulars. At the close of the war. Mr. Kre])])s returned home and in lS(iU he married Miss Margaret Moi^itt, daughter of James and Katharine (West) Moffitt of Bridgeport, Pa., and they took uji their home in the house on Water street, Bridgeport, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, that had been built for his tmcle, Solomon G. Krepps, in 1813, where they still reside. To this happy union there have been born two children, Katharine, now Mrs. James Colvin Higin- botham, and Solomon Gillespie Krep])s, Jr. Mr. Solomon G. Krepps, Sr., was burgess of Bridgej)ort in 1S7.8, a member of the board of education in 1885 and was appointed postmaster of Cad- wallader post office, Bridgeport, January 17, 1899, which office he still holds ably assisted by his most estimable wife William C. Steele, the present efficient ])ostmaster of Brownsville, and a son of Samuel and Elizabeth A. (Conwell) Steele, was born in Brownsville, Pa., May 23, 1857, and has resided here continuously since then. He received his education in the Brownsx'illc schools and in the Southwestern Noi-mal. In 1878 he became a partner of his father in the tannery business, the firm name being Samuel Steele & Son. In 1S88, Mr. Steele closed up the tannery business and entered into the mercantile business, dealing in boots, shoes, hats, caps, etc. Eleven years later or in 1899, he sold out his business to take the position of postmaster of Brownsville to wdiich position he had been appointed by President McKinley. He assumed the duties of the office Febrviary 15, 1899 and has continued as postmaster ever since to the entire satisfaction of the patrons of the office. December 14, 1881, WiUiam C. Steele and Miss Ahce, datrghter of Capt. E. D. Abrams, of Brownsville, were married. The result of this happy union, was fotrr children, namely Bessie (deceased), Helen J., William Conwell, Jr. (deceased), and Lawrence. Politically Mr. Steele is a Republican and has always stood high in his party and as a member of the community. He served for twelve years in the borough council, and for six years as a member of the board of educa- tion, during all of which time he was secretary of that body. He is a vestry- man in Christ Episcopal church and a poptrlar and progressive citizen. 236 John B. Moffitt — Squire Rob't McKinley John B. Moffitt, the present efficient postmaster of West Brownsville, is a native of that borough and received his education in the common schools. He is a son of James and Eliza J. (Bennett) Moffitt and followed blacksmith- ing from 1861 to 1897 when he was appointed postmaster and has served con- tinuottslv since then. Robert McKinley, the subject of this sketch, is the oldest citizen of West Brownsville, and one of the oldest of the Three Towns. He was born in what is now a suburb of Cumberland, Allegany County, Maryland, April 4, 1820, and is a son of James and Nancy (McCaslin) McKinley. Robert Kinley's father was a subcontractor under his brother, Henry McKinley, in building some of the eastern sections of the National Pike, and it was probably this that led Robert's parents at an early day to come west and settle near Beallsville, Washington County. After remaining there some time, Robert McKinley came to Brownsville and learned the cooper trade under Edward Stone. Some years later, but while still a young man, he went back to his native State and entered into partnership with his brother Henry, who w^as a printer. They bovight the Cuinberland Alleganian, a newspaper published at Cumber- land. This they successfully published till the death of his brother, which occurred about three years after the partnership was formed. On the death of his brother Mr. McKinley sold out the newspaper and, settling up his btisincss, returned to Washington Cotmty, Pennsylvania. In the mean time, howe\er, he had met and surrendered his heart and hand to Miss Zillah Clark, a most charming and estimable yoting lady of Cumberland, and the daughter of George and Nancy (Price) Clark. They were married December 11, 1845. It was shortly after their marriage that they came to West Brownsville, where Mr. McKinley embarked in the grocery business, his store being lo- cated on the corner where the P. V. & C. depot and offices are now^ located. During the more than half century that he has lived in West Brownsville he has been engaged in various lines of business, always meeting wdth grati- fying success. He served as Justice of the Peace for about thirty-five con- secutive years and has filled every municipal office in the gift of the people with entire satisfaction to his constitutents and honor to himself, only retiring from the office of Justice of the Peace about five years ago. Mr. and Mrs. McKinley, who arc now qvxietly enjoying the fruits of a long life of industry and frugality, in their handsome home in West Brownsville on the banks of the Monongahela River, are the happy parents of ten children, seven of whom are still living, and all of whom have long since grown to man- hood and womanhood. The living are, William Henry, George Clark, Annie, Addison Kirk, Mary E. (now the wife of Gordon Jones of Cincinnati), Sarah E., and Margaret (now the wife of James F. Blair, of Pittsburgh). William Graham 237 Mr. McKinley is a lifelong Democrat, having cast his first vote for James K. Polk and voted for every Democratic Presidential candidate since then. He has always taken a deep and actixc intcrt'st in all matters pertaining to the good of the community in which he li\ed, and has the satisfaction to spend his declining years in the midst of those who ha\'e known hiin all their li\-es and learned to respect him for his many sterling (pialities. He has been a lifelong member of the I^resbvlerian Church. WiLLi.\M Gr.\ham, the oldest and one of the most respected citizens of Browns\-ille, and in fact the oldest man in this section of the country, was born in Brownsville, September 19, 1S12, and received his education in the primitive schools of that day. He is a ship carpenter by trade and followed that business most of his life, though in his early days he worked for a time at shoemaking. His first wife was Elizabeth Burd and to this union there were T)orn five children, Susan, Isabel (now dead), John, Sarah, and Robert now in the drug business in the "Neck." Mr. Graham's second wife was Lydia Vorhees and to this second union there were born two children, "William and [ames. Mr. Graham has lived in and near Brownsville all his life and has seen this country change from what was \-irtually a wilderness to one of the richest and most jn-osperous in the Union. AA'hen the National Pike was built he worked on it as a water boy and often relates with mtich satisfaction the fact that as the go\-ernmcnt had established the wages at STJc and did not stipu- late whether this ^\•as to be paid to men or boys, he got the same wages as the men, which at that time was considered a princely :;um. Though o\-er ninety-two years old, he is still spry and his memory and sight is still good, and it is a rare treat to sit and hear hmi tell of the incidents that trans]:)ired over three-c|uarters of a century ago. James Monroe Mitchell, now the oldest man in Bridgejxjrt, was born at Hagerstown, Maryland, November 22, 1S16, and is a son of John and Mary Ann (Ashton) Mitchell. When he was qtiite young, he came with his parents to Brownsville where, and in Bridgeport, he has since resided with the exceptions of about tweh-e years during which time he lived in Perryopolis, Pennsylvania. Mr. Mitchell attended the public schools of Brownsville and Bridgeport and after quitting school, took up shoemaking which he followed all his life. During the time he was in Perryopolis, or to be exact, December 28, 183G, he married Miss Charlotte Page who was a faithful and lo\-ing 238 Stephen I. Gadd wife till her death which occurred March 1, 1891, when she was 85 years and one month old. Mr. Mitchell now lives with his son Joseph on Bridgeport Hill, and is re- markably spry for a man of his years. Stephen 1. Gadd, a highl}' respected citizen of Brownsville Townshij), and a blackswith l)y trade, was born in German Township, Fayette County, Pa., Maixh 7, 1S24 and is a son of Elijah and Mary (Haney) Gadd. His father was also a blacksmith by trade and a native of Redstone Township, Fayette County, Pa. His mother, Mary Haney, a daughter of Samuel Haney, was born in German Township, Fayette County, Pa., as was also Samuel Haney, who died there. Stephen I. Cxadd, was educated in the schools of German township, and learned his trade with his father. He has been twice married. Elizabeth Blasinger, his first wife, was a daughter of William Blasinger, born near New Salem, Menallen township, and was married July 17, 1866; Mary A. Moss, his second wife, was the widow of Cunninghain Moss, of Luzerne Township, to whom he was married the fourth of June, 1868. He is the father of nine children, of whom six are living: Sarah, the wife of Wellington Reynolds; Mary, the wife of James Ball, Jr., of Luzerene Township; Curtis, born in Menallen Township, April 1, 1S51 ; Jennie was born July 14, 1855; Stephen, Jr., born May 4, 1869, in Luzerne Township, and Frank born in the same town- ship, July 31, 1873. Stephen Gadd is a mcml)er, and is now treasurer, of Lodge No. 613, Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows, and is a strong Deinocrat and an efhcient worker in his party. Adam Jacobs was born in Brownsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, August 8, 1840, and is a son of Adam and Ann (Snowdon) Jacobs. He re- ceived his education in the Brownsville schools, in Merrittstown academy and in Kenyon College at Gambria, Ohio. For ten years Captain Jacobs was engaged in the mercantile business with his father in Brownsville. When the War of the Rebellion broke out, he enlisted in the 8th Pennsylvania Reserves, Company B, and served to the close of the war. He then returned home and commenced steamboating at which business he continued till 1901, riinning on the Monongahela, Ohio, Mississippi and Missouri rivers. In 1864 he married Miss Myers, a daughter of H. H. and Eliza Myers of Canton, Ohio. To this union there were born five children, A. M. R., Helen, Ann. Laura and Ledanow dead. Mrs. Jacobs died and some years later, in 1893, Mr. Jacobs married Belle S. Stoner, a daughter of Harry and Elizabeth Stoner of the East End, Pittsburg. To this latter imion there were born two children, Katherinc and Edward. \V. II. Uriglit 239 \V. H. Brtgiit, the subject of this sketch, is a son of Geort^e and Nancy (Saville) Britjht and was born near I-5ndge\vater, Rockingham County, Vir- ,L,nnia, |unc L'S. ISoi'. Tbs fathc-r died wlii'n he was abdut six years old and he was taken to raise k>v John and Anna ((irabill) Sent:;er witli whom he remained till he was seventeen years old, and who were as dear to liini as his own ]ian-nts could have lieen. He had grown U]) on the farm and up until this time had spent but little time in school. At the age of se\-enteen he badi- the old liome good-liye and turned his faei- toward the great west. He stO].)])ed at Dayton, Ohio, and went to work on a farm in Montgomei-y County, where he s]:ent his spare time in studying, euid so diligently and persi.stently did he ]iroseeute the task he had set himself that in a few years we find him as prinei]ial of the Centre schools in that county and a few years later as principal of one of the schools in Dayton. He taught here for several years and then went to Iowa where he taught school and learned telegrap)hy on the Burlington & Quincy railroad. It was about this time he fell hi with George R. Ste])hens at Mt. Ayr, Iowa and commenced a newspapier career that has co\-ere(l more than a quarter of a century and has been remarkable for the extent of his operations. He has owned and operated new^spapers in Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee. In all of these states he would fre(|uently occupiy the jjosition of ];rinci])al of the school or one of the schools while publishing and editing the jjaper, l:)ut his time has been devcjted princi])ally to newspaper work since 188U. In the interim he traveled all over the west and south, in fact visited every state and territory in the Union and followed the Mississippi from lake Itasca to the Gulf of Mexico, and the Missotn-i f(.ir many hundreds of miles along its lower course. In 1S7'.) he commenced to turn his mind in the channel of in\'ention, and along with his other enterpirises, invented and patented many novel and use- ful mechanical devices among them being a recipjrocating electric motor, a rotary steam engine, a coml)ination s])rocket wheel for bicycles, a combi- nation hand piece for dental engines, a combination lock on which he was allowed a patent in February of this year, a copy-paper holder for ty])ewriter and a twin hose coupler, considered the best ever yet produced. Mr. Bright is the author of many serial stories, column sketches or short stories and poems of exceptional merit; am(.)ng the latter may be named "The Old Monongahela Still," written ex])ressly for this book, and several shorter ones that appear duly credited. His "Moonlight on the Floor," "The Old-Fashioned Hollyhock," and "Thoughts of the Past," are excep- tionally good and have appeared in many ]>ublications. February 1, 1877 Mr. Bright married Miss Anna V. Musselman, a daughter of Henry and Lena (Bright) Musselman of Montgomery County, Ohio. To this union there were born five children, Clyde S., Walter R.. Homer. Pxlith Pearl, and lola May. Clyde is now a passenger brakeman on the P., \'. & C. and resides in West Brownsville; Edith Pearl is the wife of Gilbert Monroe and resides in Portsmouth. Ohio, while the other three are dead. Homer died in Iowa at the age of one year. Walter at Portsmouth, Ohio at the age of twentv-one and lola Mav died at Oakdale, Pennsylvania, aged sixteen. 240 J. Perc.v Hart Mr. Bright is now engaged in literary work and in company with J. Percy Hart the pubhsher of this book and Harry Marshall, merchant of Brownsville, is engaged in ])ronioting a corporation for the development of vast industries in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia. J. Percy Hart was born in Brownsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1870, and was educated in Bridgeport and Monongahela City schools, attending school during the day and clerking in the grocery store of his grand- father. John S. Wilgus, in the evening and Satvirdays, at Monongahela City. He is the son of David M. and Sarah Melissa (Wilgus) Hart who are among the oldest and most prominent citizens of the Three Towns, and their ances- tors were among the pioneers of Western Pennsylvania, James G. Hart, grandfather of J. Percy, having been associate judge of Washington County, Pennsylvania, being first elected in 1856 and again in ISOl , serving two terms. The Wilguses were also very prominent, John Wilgus, the great-grandfather of [. Percy Hart being the man w^ho first proposed the building of the Union Pacific Railroad. J. Percy Hart took early to the newspaper business, first carrying papers and afterwards learning the iirintcr's trade in the Monitor oihce where he continued about nine years serving most of the time as foreman, but after- ward becoming editor and publisher. He is a staunch Reptiblican and has always taken an active interest in the work of his party. He has served as secretary of the council of Bridgeport, and also as secretary of the board of health. He is at present engaged in the real estate business as junior partner of the firm of Marshall & Hart, the firm doing an extensive business, and is secretary of the Buckskin Gulch Mining and Milling Company, a corporation operating a gold mine in Park County, Colorado. Mr. Hart is of an inventive turn of mind and has perfected a number of ingenious mechanical devices among them being the Humane Check Rein, a device by which the driver can rein or unrein the horse he is driving without getting out of the buggy or carriage, and on which he obtained letters patent of the United States, in 1S99. January 16, 1893, Mr. Hart married Miss Finley Z. Taylor, a daughter of John W. and Katherine (Wherry) Taylor of West Brownsville. Pennsylvania. To this union there have been born four children, Russell W., Melissa M., T. Benton, and J. Percy, Jr. Russell W. and T. Benton died in infancy. Mr. Hart with his family resides in the Dr. Grooms homestead on Second Street, Bridgeport, Pa. Robert Petriello while a native of Italy, is a citizen of the United States and has been prominently identified with many gigantic enterprises. He was born at Torre le Noeello. Avellino, Italy, April 5, 1863, and came to America in 1S7S. He is a son of Baggo and Rose Petriello and was raised en a farm. When he set out for the New World, he determined to do what ever his hands found to do that was honorable and in this he has persevered and has met with flattering success. On landing at Castle Garden, the first work that offered, was picking old lia])er and rags, and while it lield forth to him no flattering inducements, he Robert Petriello 241 took hold with that vim and (.-lUTt^y Uiat has c-haracterizcd his subse(|uent carccT. At tlio end of one week he st'evm-d a posiliim with a gang of men who were working on a raih-oad vi]) the St. Lawrenee river to \\'inni])eg, where he handk'd the pick and shovel for nine months. We next lind him at Pottsville, Pa., as foreman of a gang of men that he furnished for a contractor at that ])lace. He n-mained here about three yi'ars and during that time in addition to handling a gang of men, he also run a bakery, fm-nishing bread for the men, as well as other supplies. From here he went to Upper Tyrone to superintend the woi-k of building stone arches for a liridge at that place that Contractor H. E. Gaines was erecting. When this work was completed he went to Wilkesbarre as foreman for Charles McFadden, in railroad construction wcirk. After eighteen months of work at Wilkesbarre he went with McFadden to Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where he owned the commissary and also built a large Liakery. Mr. Petriello only remained at Poughkeepsie three months when he went to Philadelphia and opened up a wholesale grocery house. His good nature and faith in his fellow-men, however, was his undoing here for after trusting out about $1 0,000 worth of goods, and not being able to realize on his accounts, he went to the wall losing everything he had. This was only an episode, how- ever in the life of Mr. Petriello for he had not emb(.)died in his vocabulary, the word "fail," so we next tind him at Pottstown with George Potts, for whom he furnished a nvimber of men, and from whoni he also secured sub- contracts amotmting to about $9,000. The work went on all O. K., l)ut abotit pay time. Potts ran away and Mr. Petriello again found himself loser. This was a little discouraging, but Mr. Petriello took it philosophically and at once went to Laughan at Philadel])hia wdiere he furnished Keller &- Crosson a lot of men and was made foreman over a number of crews, or a kind of general boss. This was in ISSS. After nineteen months of work here he went with the same lirm to Loretta, Cambria Cotmty wdiere he fvu-nishcd them a number of men and also secured a sub-contract from Chas. McFadden for five miles of grading and another sub-contract for grading about two miles for McManus & Riley. During this time he was running a bake shop and fm-nishing bread for the men on the works. Here, however, Mr. Petriello again found himself up against it, for what he supposed was black dirt that was to be remo\-ed, turned out to be S(.)lid rock and at the end of a year he found himself $14,000 worse off than when he started the work. He then set about to make good the deficiency to his men and piarted with the last dollar and the last dollars' ^vorth of projserty he had in order to pay his just debts. His wife's jewelry, valued at about $1,000 went with the rest, bringing only about $150. He then went to Ebensburg, and when he had raised all he could, which was about $5,000, he started for Loretta but missed the train and getting a friend to help him they walked eight miles carrying the $5,000 in silver. This paid the men all off with the exception of three dollars each, but when they found wdiat sacrifices he had made they exonerated him from paying the rest. Here then he fovind himself after many years of hard work, wdthout a dollar, but he still had his indomitable will and once more gathered up the tangled threads of fortune and started in to win. 242 Robert Petriello He again joined Keller & Crosson at Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia, where he remained for two years ftirnishing thena men, bossing a gang and run- ning a commissary and bakery. His next work was for Filbert, Porter & Crosson at Queen Lane Reservoir in Philadelphia. This reservoir covered about ninety acres of ground. It took three years to complete the work, but before it was quite finished, he went to Mt. Joy, leaving his brother Sylvester, in charge of his men and the commissary. At Mt. Joy he secured a sub-con- tract from Filbert, Porter & Crosson for laying the trolley line all over Fair- mont Park. It took him about a year to complete this work, when he secured another sub-contract from the Franklin Engineering Co., for building a trolley line all over Strawberry Mansion Park, and also another sub-contract for luiilding a ninety-foot driveway through the same ]_)ark. When this work was completed, Mr. Petriello secured a contract from the city of Philadeli)hia for sewering, paving and like w-ork amoiinting to over $100, 000. It tonk him five years to complete this work. He then secured a contract for putting in seven miles of sewer in Morristown, New^ Jersey. This work was done by the firm of Petriello Bros. & David Peoples. Here Mr. Petriello remained thirteen months when he left the work in charge of his brother Sylvester and came to Brownsville where he took a sub-contract from Keller & Crosson to build six miles of the Monongahela railroad being that section from Bridgeport to LaBelle. He also furnished men for Keller & Crosson and run the commissaries. His brother, Sylvester, has been a jiartner in all his undertakings since the latter came to this covmtry in 1889, and at present they have a contract and are building oOO coke ovens at Orient on the Connellsville Central Railroad, up Dunlap's Creek, and also a lot of railroad track. These contracts cover about $90,000. While Mr. Petriello and his brother Sylvester, have lost several fortunes, they have never stirrendered to circtxmstances, but have pushed ahead and are now worth about $100,000, owning $25,000 worth of property in Italy. Robert Petriello is a director in the Italo-American Trust Company of Phila- delphia. Robert Petriello married Miss Ella Ritslow of his native home, December 24, 1899. Sylvester Petriello, the brother and partner of Robert, was born in Torre le Nocellio, Avellino, Italy, May 15, 1805, and married Miss Annie SkoceUa of his native town. Robert Petriello and his wife visited then- home in Italy last year sailing from New^ York December 10, and rettxrning to this country this year arriving in New York on the steamer Princess Irene March 31, last. Both Robert and Sylvester Petriello are naturalized American citizens, and are affiliated with the Republican party, always taking an active part in the work of their ])arty as well as lending substantial financial aid. Their permanent home is one of the most elegant residences in Queens Lane, Philadelphia. lohn Alfred linishear 243 IniiN Ai.FKKi) Brasiihar.— Prof, jdliii Alfred Brashcar who now resides in Pittsliurt,'- and who is one of the most imminent astronomers and nianulae- lurers of astronoirneal instruments in the Unitccl States, if not in the world, is a s.)n of B. B. and |ulia l^rashear, and was liorn in Brownsville, Xoxember 24, IS-IO. His father, Basil Brown Brashear was the son of Basil Brown Brashear, Sr., whose father, Otho Brashear, eame to Brownsx'ilU' in 177.'). Otho Brashear, the great-grandfather of I'rof. John Alfred Brashear, married a sister of Thomas and Basil Brown who were among the earliest settlers in this seetion of the country, the former being the founder of the town ot Browns\-ille, an<.l as elsewhere stated, was buried in what was known as [effries' liurving ground, and on whose tita|>h; "Here lies the body of Thomas Brown, who onee was owner of this town." Professor Brashear's grandfather on his mother's side, was Nathaniel H, Smith, who was well known in the early days of Brownsx'ille for his remark- able mechanical skill. He constructed, while living here, one of the first telegraphic instruments e\-er made, and also an electric engine or motor that was run liy a l)attery and that worked nicely. It is authentically stated that Mr. Smith made S( )me ( )f the tirst Daguerreotypes in this state. He was a man of exceptional mventive ingenuity and mechanical skill and it is prob- ably from him that Professor Brashear inherited his taste and ability for mechanics and science. It was he wdio taught the now illustrious astrono- mer and scientist. Professor Brashear, the constellations, as he w-as also the first person to obtain for his apt ])Upil, \iews of the moon and of Saturn, with a telescope which was brought here from McKees])ort about the year 1840, by "S(piire" Wami)ler. Professor Brashear attended the public schools of Brownsxille where he received a good common-school education and laid the foundation lor the future achie\-ements that have marked his career. Among his teachers were William Chalfant, Mrs. Lucy Rheasa, an aunt of Mr. Brashear, and finally Mr. George Wilkinson, of whom Mr. Brashear says, "He was the best teacher I ever knew." After finishmg his school work under Mr. Wilkinson, he kept a store for Joseph Price for some time, when he acceiited a position in the grocery store of Thomas Murj)hy. This was not to his liking, however, so he secured a position with the Snowden Engine Manufacturers as an a])])renticc and here learned the trade of pattern maker. Here he was more in his element and had an opportunity to gratify, to some extent, his taste fe)r mechanics. He was much attached to his employers and says of them that they treated him more like a son or brother than like an employe. After comjileting his trade he spent a year at Louisville, Ky., at engine Iniilding and then removed to Pittsburg, where for twenty years he had charge of the machinery of se%-eral of the largest rolling mills in that city. During all this time he never forgot the lessons in science his grandfather had given him, nor did his love of scientific studies abate. He was still gazing at the upper deep with an admiration only exceeded by his determination to 244 John Alfred Brashear bring it closer to earth for the purpose of deeper and more effective research. It was this determination and his love for science, particularly in the domain of astronomy, that led him in 1875, to make his first telescope. This was followed in 1877 with a tweh-e-inch telescope of ten feet focus with which many of his svibsecjuent studies of the moon and comets were made. In 1880, he gave up his position in the mill and commenced the manufac- ture of astronomical instruments at which he has ever since been engaged, and the fame of which has long since circled the globe. If evidence of this was necessary it could be fotind in the fact that he has made instruments for almost everj^ astronomical observatory and every physical laboratory in the world. Nearly all the large and important astronomical spectroscopes and s])ectrographs have been made by him or tmder his direct supervision, as well as many of the more imjiortant astrophysical instruments for original research. Further e\-idencc of the superiority of Professor Brashear's in- struments is found in the fact that the optical instruments used by the army and navy, such as " Range Finders," " Gtm Sights," " Meridian Instruments," etc., were made in his workshop. While Professor Brashear has been active and untiring in his research along scientific lines as well as in the prosecution of his chosen profession, he has not been without reward financially, nor has honor justly earned, been withheld. He has been elected to honorary and active membership in the following societies: "Royal Astronomical Society" of Great Britain, "British Astronomical Society" of Great Britain, "Royal Astronomical So- ciety" of Canada, " Societe Astronomique de France," " Soeiete Astro- nomiqtie de Belgique," "American Philosophical Society," ''American Society of Mechanical Engineers," "American Association of Science," "American Astrophysical Society," "Astronomical Society of the Pacific," "Academy of Science and Art," and "Engineer Society of Western Pennsylvania," besides many others of less import. He has been given the degree of LL. D. by Wooster University and Washington and Jefferson College, and the degree of Sc. D. by the Western University of Pennsylvania. Among the more important positions he has held may be mentioned, that of Chancellor of the Western University of Pennsylvania; Acting Director Allegheny Astronomical Observatory; Past President of the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania ; Past President of the Academy of Science and Art ; Past Vice President of the American Association of Science. Notwithstanding the strenuous life Professor Brashear has led and the many honors that have been bestowed vipon him, he has never forgotten the scenes of his childhood nor the good people of his native town, and often expresses regret that he cannot see more of them and more fretjuently visit the scenes of his early trials and triumphs, and gaze down upon the placid waters of the historic M'rinongahela from the hills of old Fayette, from one of which, in 1858, he looked tipon that grandly magnificent sight, Donati's comet, of which he still speaks with enthusiasm. September 25, 1802, John Alfred Brashear married Miss Phoebe Stewart, a most estimaV)le and accomplished lady of l-'airchance, Fayette Cotmty, Is;iac M. Mason 245 whoso anct'stors wxti- jiri )iniin'nl iii the early history of Western Penns\'l- \'ania, and hke many other men who haxt' seamed lame and fiirtuiie. owes mneli to tlie Spartan hraxery and eonstant helji and encouraj,'cmenl of his wife. IsAAi" M. Mason. — It is ah\ays a pleasnre to note the pronnnenee and success of tliose who were onee eiti/.eiis of Hrownsxille, and wlio in after yein\s cast their lot in other lands or in distant eilies. ( )f tlu.se, and there are niany of them. C'a])t. Isaae M. ^hlson stands ])recniinent. And, while o\-er forty years have i)assed away sinee ("a])tain Ahison removed his familv from the hanks of the Monon.i^ahela Ri\-er to those of the (".reat I'ather of wati'rs, the older citizens remember him well and tlu' ])resent i^eneration is as familiar with his name as if he were still here', for almost every dav they see his nanu' on one of the boats, that ])eantifiil and ])o])nlar excursion steamer, the "Isaac M. Mason," and many is the merry I'xeursion party that this boat still carries up and down the Monongahela Ri\"er durin,£j the summer season. Isaac M. Mason was born in Brownsville, Pa., March 4, INol, and recei\-ed his education in the prinhti\-e schools of tliat day, l)nt, notwithstanding the limited and ])rimiti\e facilities for aci|uiring an education, that were at his coiumand, his close a])phcation and ol)ser\-ation amjily ipialiiitd him to lill the many high positions that he has been called uixm to till since then. After leaving school, he clerked for al)out a year in the store of Z"phamah Carter and then commenced the long career of steamboating that has not only Ijrought him fame Init fortune as well. He served first as second clerk and next as first clerk on tlie Brownsville ]iackets, for about four vc^ars and then commenced miming from Pittsburg to vSt. Louis and from St. Louis to St. Paul, in which serx'iec he continued till lSt);>. He was general freight agent of the Northern Line for eleven years and serx'cd as Marshal first, then as sheriff of St. Louis wliich forms what is known as ("ity of St. Louis County, for eight years. After this Ca])tain Mason was, for owr ten yeai's, general su]i(.'r- intendent of the St. Louis and Xew ( )rleans Anchor Line of packets and also president of the com])any. He then retired from the river Inisincss and was elected auditor of St. Louis in which ca])acitv he ser\ed for four years. His po])ularity is shown 1iy the fact that in this election he received L';),- Minnia " " 5 1878 Lide Cunningham " " 15 1878 Sara Cunningham " " 16 1878 Sammy Chew " " 16 1878 Minty Williams " 19 1878 MoUie Cunningham " 19 1878 Dorcas Adams " Mar. 30 1877 Christian Snider Jan. 28 1876 Emaline Cornell " July 13 1878 Elizateth Walters 15 1878 Iohns(.)n Gregg — 1876 Ollie Gue Aug. 22 1875 Willie Blair Nov. 1 1878 Maud Wilgus " " 3 1878 Sadie Blair " " 4 1878 Jno. Williams (2 children) 9 1878 Lester Leclare died Oct. 25 1878 Child of Jno. Williams " Nov 18 1878 John Williams (little boy) " 18 1878 Child of S. Chawplevesky " " 25 1878 Mrs. Mary A. Huston " Aug. 3 1876 John Jackson Dec. 23 1878 Al Theakston Jan. 1 1879 Child of Wm.Kicholls " 2 1879 Herbert Crawford " 1 1879 Alex Shaw, Sr. " 17 1879 Mr. Winn " Feb. 5 1879 Samuel Eckels " " 22 1879 James Chalfant " 16 1879 Son of Joseph Connell Nov. 24 1878 Annie Hebertson " Sept 26 1878 Mrs. Winn " Mar. 26 1879 Minty Snider " Apr. 3 1879 Maggie Fuester " " 22 1877 Joshua Armstrong " May "4 1879 Charles Page " June 26 1879 Annie Richards July 6 1879 Bessie Bevard " Aug. 1 1879 Hannah Moffitt Sept 21 1879 Katie Reynolds " " 23 1879 Kate Smith " 6 1879 Rhebe Woods " Oct. 2 1879 Kate Smith's baby " 10 1879 Isaac Brenton July 11 1877 Henry Smalley " Oct. 27 1879 Laura Norcross " Dec. 9 1879 Harriett E. Stitzell 11 1879 S;,ille Chalfant " 17 1879 Mary A. Woods " 18 1879 Necrological Record of the Three Towns 251 Georse Calvert liied Dei-. 24, 1S79 Mary Booth d ed Ma>- 8, 1882 Etta Haddock 21 1879 William Woodward J rule 7, 1882 James Dales 29 1879 Mrs. John Buffington 9, 1882 Mrs. Thomas Gumniert Jan. 4 1880 Betsy Smart " " 14, 1882 Lizzie Faulls 11 1880 Mrs. Hester Simman " ii 15 1882 James Patterson, Sr. IG 1880 Isaac Bailey 26, 1882 James Drake (lirouRht home) I'cb. 7 1880 Sanuiel P. Knox ' Ma>' 1^8, 1882 Louise Brenton clieii Mar. 15 1875 Mrs. Samuel P. Knox " Huie 30, 1882 Elizabeth Bcatty Feb. )4 1 880 Samuel P. Nnox's child July 30 1882 William Benton 19 1 880 lane Tate " 17, 1882 Reynolds Deems 23 1880 "Belle Mitchell 29, 1882 Larry Gabler 25 1880 Clark Mitihell 21, 1882 Harrv Howard , Sr. Mar. 4 1880 Mrs. Joseph Wilkins " Aug. 3, 1882 Martha Moffitt 15 1880 Margaret McDonough 11 1882 Mrs.Chas. EUiott 27 1 .S,SO Robert G. Mason 14, 1882 Mrs. Mary E. Cox A,;r. 5 18S0 Mrs. Catharine Cc )rnell 17, 1 882 George Marker 6 1880 Mrs. Martha Williams 30 1882 Annie Thistlethwaite " 10 1880 William Woods, Sr. •■ Se,,t 30, 1882 Sophia Stevens " May 7 1880 Jennie Brillan's bab\- ;; Oct. 3 1882 Mrs. Frank Jeffries " 23 1880 Joshua Gibljons 4, 1882 " Granny ' ' Watkins 27 1880 John J. Walters " 30 1882 James Cannon 2 1880 Mrs. William Taylor Nov. 6 1882 Jno Johnson Jime 3 1 880 Josiah Reed 15, 1882 Mrs. Haman leffers 9 1880 Leonard Worrell Dec. 15 1882 Mrs. Eliza Motfitt 22 1880 Eliza McDonald " 20, 1882 Harry Minehart 17 1880 Mrs. Betsey Dorsey Jan. 28 1883 William Bane, Sr. 23 1880 Ellen Massev 24 1883 Willie McKinlev 25 1880 Walter This'tlethwaite 27 1883 Ella Reynolds lulv 31 1880 Sam J. Rice Feb. "3 1883 F. Chris Lineman " Aug. 19 1 880 Mrs. Elmira McCoy " " 8 1883 Henrv Mof^tt Sept 14 1880 Loviisa Byland 22 1883 Gilbert Storer Oct. 10 bS.SO Harvev Shrover Mar. 1 1883 Mrs. Robert Hormell 28 1880 Mrs. D<.rcas M.Wallace 7 1883 Marv Bell Theakston Nov. 2 1880 Stephen H. Ward 16 1883 Ella Albright 4 1 880 James V. Dorsev 17 1883 Sadie Livingston " 10 1 880 'Nellie Wright Smith 26 1883 Mrs. Sallie Hnbbs " 20 1880 David McGill Apr. (i 1883 William Grimes 24 1880 Rebecca J. Cornell 21 1883 Annie Xelan 27 1880 Mrs. Mary Bakewell 24 1 883 Samuel B. Snider 11 1880 Mary Crawford ;; May 4 1883 James Patterson Jr. Dec. 23 1880 Jacob Jetfries 17 1883 "Bertha M. Houston " Jan. 5 1881 Grace "Dorsey June 17 1883 John B. Krepps 9 1881 Jesse Calvert 23 1883 Ellen Lockhart 26 1881 Kate Walley " 21 1883 John Patton, Sr. Feb. 1 1881 Ann Mayhorn Julv 25 1883 Mrs. Dr. Hubbs 25 1881 Da\-id Thistlethwaite " Aug. 28 1883 Dr. W. G. Hubbs Apr. 6 1881 William ClayVjaugh 20 1883 John BuffinRton " 16 1881 Mrs. Jos. Armstrong Dec. 11 1883 Joseph Welch '' " 23 1881 MariaJ.McCollan 3 1883 Grace Axton " 25 1881 Isaac Hamilton 14 1883 Mrs. Marearet Faull May 9 1881 Thos. C. Gummert Esf|. 16 1883 Isaac Dillo'i 2 1 SS 1 Capt. Adam Jacobs 18 1883 John Bevard June 22 1881 Mrs. Polly Williams 26 1883 Mary Marker 14 1881 Adam N. Ailes Jan 24 1884 John Paxton " July 22 1881 John Devanev Feb. 9 1884 Wm. R. Brit ton 25 1881 Kenneth H. Patton Mar. 11 1884 Henry Storer Mav 29 1881 Lena Spinawebber Apr. 17 1884 Mrs. Phebe Coburn lulv 29 1881 Mrs. Joshua Gibbons " " 20 1884 Ann Crawford Aug. 3 1881 G. D.'Coburn " May 23 1884 Tohn S. Fluke Jan. 23 1881 John S. Pringle " June 6 1884 Sallie Howden Sept 25 1881 Mrs. Ruth Gregg July 5 1884 Mrs. Swan Oct. 19 1881 Joseph Scott 8 1884 Capt. Steven Loomas Nov 2 1881 Mrs. Clear ;; Sept 4 1884 Sammy Elwood " '■ 9 1881 Charlev Norcross 18 1884 Eliza Watkins 15, 18S1 Thornton Phillips 19 1884 Dr. Wm. Patton Sr. 23 1S81 Sophia Coburn I Oct 11 1884 Richard Snider Dec. 4,1881 Jennie Starr 12 1884 Elizah OfTord 10, 1881 Samuel Fulton " 13 1884 Henry Lucas 31,1881 George Jarrett " 14 1884 Eliza Chew Jan. 26, 1882 Conrad Hartranft Dec. 1 1884 John Worrell. Sr. 26. 1882 John Bvron Horner 1 1884 Rebecca Woods Feb. 9 1876 Dr. A. Patton, Sr. .5 1884 Mollie Grav 9. 1882 Albert Johnson Jan. 27 1885 Tom C. McDonald 14, 1882 Thomas Herd 28 1885 Mrs. Millie Worrell 20, 1882 Edward Riggs '• " 29 1885 Elizabeth Johnson Mar. 18, 1882 John Holly Feb. 2 1885 John Hormell, Esq. Apr 5,1882 Annie C. Walker Jan. 21 1885 Thomas Fergiison 8,1882 Eilza B. Walker Mar. 3 1885 Mrs. Amanda Hutchinson May 3, 1882 Jane Richey u 6 1885 Mrs. Ann M ffitt 5 1882 Grace Harrison Feb. 16 1885 252 Necrological Record of the Three Towns Annie Steele Mary H. Ammon Mrs. Mary Garrett Mrs. Ella Yovmg Mrs. Hannah Claybaugh Sanimv Roland Mrs. Ruth Elwood J. Will Porter Amos Jeffries Belle Morton Robert Wilson Mrs. Joseph Watkins William Lanning Gen. U. S. Grant Annie Mathews Mrs. Jane Cock Mrs. John Garwood James Bowman Hellen Taylor Matilda Dorsey Myrtle Springer Mrs. Betsy Chrisman John Starr, Sr. Annie Berry Mrs. Eliza Woods Flora Watkins John Wilkins, Sr. William Williams Charles Haught Carrie Springer Charles E. Dunlevy Georges W. Jones Lizzie Riley John Kaufman William Drake Elisha Gibbons Rebecca Woodward Henry Heler Emmor Gregg John R. Button H. Britton'sbaby Frank Bennington Mrs. Susan Hormell Mame Williams Samuel Steele Bertha Mayhorn Samuel J. Tilden Cora Moffitt James Gamble Samuel Cropp Mary Gregg Belle Woodfill Campbell Sarah J. Kidney Ada Moffitt 's Baby Lucy L. McKee Mrs. Will Worcester Joseph Dickinson Clem Krepps Lizzie Krepps Robert Skinner Lewis Abrams Margaret Rhorer Sarah Annstrong Arthur Moffitt Mamie MofRtt _ Lydia Ann Smith Milton Woodward Henry Bulger Capt. Elmer Watkins Isaac Burd George Fluke Neal Watkins Johhny Malone Samviel Thistlethwaite Mrs. James Ghrist Elizabeth McCrory Mrs. Dales Joshua Norcross Caroline Bowers Lelia Bvland died Mar. 15, 1885 " 21,1885 Apr. 3, 1885 " 22,1885 June 4, 1885 7, 1885 " 12, 1885 " 12,1885 " 15,1885 " 26, 1885 July 5, 1885 6, 1885 8. 1885 " 23, 1885 Aug. 11,1885 " 19,1885 " 27, 1885 vSept. 1,1885 " 10,1885 " 14, 1885 Oct. 7 1885 ■' 10, 1885 Dec. 26,1885 " 24, 1885 " 30, 1885 Jan. 8, 1886 " 27, 1886 " 28, 1886 Feb. 11,1886 Mar. 7, 1886 " 11,1886 " 24, 1886 " 30, 1886 Apr. 11,1886 " 12, 1886 Mav 4, 1886 5, 1886 " 10, 1886 " 22, 1886 June 24, 1886 " 29, 1886 Julv 6, 1886 ■' — , 1886 •' 13, 1886 Aug. 4, 1886 S, 1886 4, 1886 " 20, 1886 Sept. 25, 1886 Oct. 2, 1886 " 20, 1886 " 24, 1886 " 29, 1886 " 25, 1886 Nov. 1,1886 3, 1886 " — , 1886 " 15, 1886 " 26, 1886 Dec. 6, 1886 " 13, 1886 " 11,1886 " 19, 1886 " 29, 1886 Jan. 1,1887 " 19, 1887 " 25, 1887 " 31,1887 " 31,1887 Feb. 24. 1887 " 24, 1887 Mar. 4, 1887 Apr. 2, 1887 " 9, 1887 " 11,1887 " 22, 1887 ■' 29, 1887 Mav 12,1887 ■■ 21,1887 June 10, 1887 Elizah Byland Samuel W. Krepps Mrs. Norcross Garnett Shallenberger Martha Brenton Haddie O'Harra Smith Rex Cecelia Aubrey Jolliff Bell Herrington Poweh Mrs. Ephraim Crawford Edward Melchi, Esq. Mrs. Mariah Avibrey Mamie Baker Ralmetto Jeffries R. p. Marcy J. K. Perrin William Sweitzer Mrs. Theakston Wihiam Hatfield Mell Drake Holly Anna Belle Cropp Mrs. Harry Mason William Michael, Sr. Sallie Elwood Capt. John L. Rhodes Mrs. R. Corwin James Peden, Sr. Joseph Beggs Frank Smith Mrs. George Lemon Mrs. Samuel Milliken Mrs. Jimmy Brown, Esq. Annie Winn Dr. U. L. Clemmer Dutton Brashear Mamie Dorsey Ross Blair Miss Belle Sweitzer Williamson Beatty George Livingston Bell Gregg Conner Leroy Hands Mrs. "Hanna Worrell Andrew A. Hendrix John M. Hendrix Elmer Gregg Mrs. Samuel Cropp Charles E. Boyle Mr. Isaac Mason Stewart Hand Lizzie Porter Eri Moffitt Mrs. Sallie Wise Mrs. Jenie Minehart Joseph Weaver Lide Snider Dwyer Joseph Williams, Sr. Mrs. L. Carter Amos Smith Mrs. Nelson Bowman John T. Gregg George Michener Newton Coon Jo.seph Booth, Sr. Roland O. Patton Grant Danlev Capt. J. M. Bowell Willie Reese Jennie Gaskill Johnston Henry Snider Mrs. Abram Black Thomas Minehart Mrs. Isaac Mason Paul Hough George W^. Harrison Samuel Milliken, Sr. Mrs. Sarah O'Hara William McAndrews Mrs. Thos. Sutton Nathan Mavhorn Aug. died June 13, 1887 July 5, 1887 8, 1887 28, 1887 19. 1887 " 19, 1887 " 18, 1887 " 30, 1887 Sept. 18, 1887 Oct. 2, 1887 " 11, 1887 " 13, 1887 " 23, 1887 " 24, 1887 Nov. 12, 1887 Dec. 2, 1887 3. 1887 7, 1887 7, 1887 8, 1887 9, 1887 20, 1888 25. 1888 Feb. 25.1888 28, 1888 6, 1888 14, 1888 21,1888 25, 1888 20, 1888 7,1888 7, 1888 '■ 25,1888 " 26, 1888 June 10, 1888 30, 1888 11,1888 7. 1888 2, 1888 Jan. Jan. Mar Apr. Mav July Sept. Oct. 3.1888 6. 1888 Sept. 21,1888 Nov. 29, 1888 Dec. 9, 1888 Apr. 5. 1884 Dec. 16, 1888 '• 17, 1888 " 15, 1888 " 21,1888 " 17, 1888 31,1888 1, 1889 19, 1889 19, 1889 13,1889 22, 1889 28, 1889 5, 1889 11, 1889 June 16, 1889 Tuly 29,1889 30, 1889 8. 1889 24, 1889 29, 1889 31,1889 31, 1889 6, 1889 19,1889 1 , 1 889 2, 1889 30, 1889 3, 1890 3, 1890 5, 1890 23, 1890 26, 1890 5, 1890 18, 1890 16, 1890 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Aug. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Necrological Record of the Three Towns 253 Mrs Ellen Jeffries died Feb . 17, 1890 Mrs. Mary Cannon " Mar . 1 , 1 890 John H. Murry " 4, 1890 Thomas Vaughn " 20, 1890 Sadie Wilkins Layton " 21, 1890 James W. Hendrix 25, 1890 James Marsh 25, 1S90 Henrv G. Tate 25,1890 Mrs. Elisha Mitchell 27.1890 Mrs. Nora Leonard West " " 28, 1890 Henry Minks " Apr. 26, 1890 Capt. Peter Donaldson " May 4, 1890 Mrs. Jennie Chew Malay 4, 1890 John Maley " " 6, 1890 Sarah E. Pringle " 22, 1890 .Martha Worcester 26, 1890 Joseph Wells " June ! 1,1890 Mrs. Catharine Gray 22, 1890 Mary Fitzgerald Livingston" 23,1890 Joseph W. Williams " •' 28, 1890 Phebe Booth July 17, 1890 Frank Bayne " 13, 1890 John Herbertson, Sr. Aug, . 12,1890 Abram Black 13,1890 Hamilton Mundell " " 19, 1890 William Minehart " Tuly 18,1890 Rebecca G. Minehart '■' Oct. 2, 1890 Ed Clear 20,1890 Annie M. Johnson " Nov, . 17, 1890 Catharine Vance Jan. 3,1891 Mrs. Alex Rush 11,1891 Alfred Clear. Sr. 11,1891 George Xealan . Sr. " 26 1891 Joseph Wright 26. 1891 Mrs, Carrie Booth Feb. 24, 1891 Mollie Wright Gribble Mar. 12,1891 James Slocitm '■ 15,1891 Willie Lopp 26,1891 Simeon McCoy Apr. 5,1891 Amanda Lopp 13,1891 Hugh McGinty May 1 1891 Thomas McDonald, Sr. 8,1891 Eliza Hartranft " 8, 1891 Thomas Ward, Sr. " 18,1891 A. G. Minehart " July 16,1891 Samuel Martin " 23, 1891 Newton Springer " " 25,1891 Sallie Rice DeLaney '' Aug. 1, 1891 Dr. C. L. Gummert 16,1891 Albert G. Store\- 18,1891 EwingTudd 19, 1891 Lewis Marker " 31, 1891 Jyouisa Marker White Sept, . 15,1891 Thomas Sutton 20, 1891 Mrs. Margaret Playford Oct. 10,1891 Marv R. Acklin 11.1891 Elva Clark Moffitt 15,1891 Cousin Smith " 20, 1891 Effie Moffitt Taylor 21,1891 Wm. G. Forsythe 16, 1891 Jane Horton " " 20,1881 Silva Hopes " Jan. 13, 1892 Rev. B. M. Kerr 16, 1892 Michael A. Cox, Jr. 17, 1892 Jacob Ramage " 26, 1892 Anna Ramage 25, 1892 William Richey " 27. 1892 Mrs. A. A. Carmack 28. 1892 Sadie Johnson " Feb. 2, 1892 May Dawyer " 4,1892 James Wamock " Jan. .30, 1892 Andrew A. Pringle Feb. 7,1892 Pualine Failing " 20, 1892 Dale Johnsf jn " 26, 1892 Sarah Buffington 5,1892 Hellen Bakewell Mar. 8, 1892 •Marv Burd 7, 1892 WW. S. Fluke 15, 1892 Lvdia Chew 15. 1892 Prof. Thos. A. Wood 18, 1892 Ivil Soulsby died Mar . 21.1892 Nancy Scott " " 18,1892 Elizal)eth Pursglove " " 29, 1892 Cleveland Michener " Apr, . 3,1892 S?nith Gamble " " 11, 1892 Jabez French " " 21, 1892 Mary Garwood " " 16, 1892 Clarence McMullen " " 18, 1892 Bertha B. Hays " " 26 1892 James Brown, Esq. " " 28, 1892 Kate McAndrews " " 23, 1892 Josie Bakewell " " 25,1892 Eliza Wilkins ;; Mciv 2. 1892 C. J. Springer, Esq. 2. 1892 Harry Dwyer " " 3, 1892 Belle Stewart Moorchouse 8, 1892 Solomon Burd " •■ 15,1892 Dr. Wm. S. Duncan 16,1892 Andrew Helmick " " 22, 1892 Bake Burd " Jan. 17,1892 Wm. Hoover 17, 1892 John L. Snowdon June : 17.1892 John Connell " •^"'^• 15, 1892 Harry Springer 20, 1892 Mrs. Marv Deems " ^^^^ . 3,1892 Chris Bakewell, Jr. 7, 1892 Adda Johnson " " 27, 1892 Elmer M. Pringle Oct. 8, 1892 Darwin S. Waterall " " 7 1892 Elmer W. Pringle " 17, 1892 Osmond Johnson " •• 3, 1892 Mrs. O. M. Johnson " •■ 21,1892 Mrs, Maria S. Leonard '• " 23, 1892 Jas. A. Cromlow " '• 25, 1892 Mrs. Seth T. Hurd 22,1892 Nelson B. Bowman " 28, 1892 Harry McKee Dov. 9,1892 Mrs. Margaret Drake " Jan. 5, 1893 Mrs. Marv Gue 7, 1893 Mrs. Jessie Fitzgerrald " '• 1, 1893 Mary Stewart Weaver " " 10, 1893 James G. Blaine " " 27. 1893 Albert G. Booth " .. 16, 1893 Wm. Goughenovir " 20,1893 Samuel Voorhees " Mar. 6, 1893 Geo. W. Jolliff 11,1893 Alizabeth Hopkins 28, 1893 Sarah Porter " ^H.^' 20, 1893 Geo. E. Hogg 23, 1893 Emily S. Wilkinson '•■ " 21,1893 Al . Woodward " J"iy 6, 1893 Willie Havs " " 18,1893 Dr. N. W.Truxal " '• 12, 1893 Daniel Dougherty " " 12, 1893 Jacob Sechrist " Aug. 1, 1893 Annie E. Maderia 4, 1893 John Hopes " Julv 28, 1893 Catherine Booth Aug. 20, 1S93 Joshua Haddock 16, 1893 Jane Harris '■ 13, 1893 William Allen " " 23, 1893 Ephram Crawford Sept 9, 1893 Lacv Dearth " 9, 1893 Willie W.ilf " Oct. 12, 1893 John Rhorer " 2, 1893 Harrison Bishop 15, 1893 Wm. H. Holmes Nov. 8, 1893 Thos. S. Wright 8, 1893 Henry M. Crawford " " 17, 1893 Mrs. Jocab Marks 30,1893 Louise Ramage Theakston Dec. 9, 1893 Rad McClurg " •' 10,1893 Harrison Mason " " 10,1893 Harvey Milliken II It 10.1893 Mrs. Pierce " '• 9, 1893 Isabel Clever " '•' 13, 1893 Henry Dales " J^'^- 4, 1894 Jennie Stickle 8. 1894 John Jacobs " " 16, 1894 F. M. Myers Feb. 14, 1894 254 Necrological Record of the Three Towns Jane A. Thornton died Feb r0,]894 Thomas Duncan 21,1894 Ehza Colvin 22. 1894 F. C. S. Wilhams Mar 15,1894 Wm. Piersoll 16,1894 Ellen England " " 20, 1894 Ada Porter 28, 1894 Jessie Fit'^.gerrald u -^""^ 17,1894 Willard Wilkins 30, 1S94 Thos. FlanniRan July 6, 1894 Thos. D. Hoover " June 25, 1894 Mrs. Taines Slocum " July 8, 1894 R. R.'Winn June 29, 1894 Dr. Henrv Eastman, Sr. " ^^y 1.3.1894 Josepliine Welch Winters 31.1894 John F. Martin Aug 2. 1894 Mrs. Henry Delaney .'.' ^^P* . 12,1894 James Benton 29, 1894 Resin Woodfill Oct. 3, 1894 Lydia Thistlethwaite Nov 7,1894 Prof. Robert H. Jamison 20, 1894 E. H. Baird 25,1894 Joseph L. Rogers Dec. 5, 1894 J. M. Carver Nov 29, 1894 Wm. Hurford Dec. 19. 1894 Thomas Bricker " 18, 1894 Thos. F. Cock " " 28, 1894 Gertrude Michener " " 24, 1894 John G. Fear " " 29. 1894 Ida B. Woodward " Jan. 9, 1895 Samuel A. Lopp, Sr. 20,1895 Donna Bell Elliott Dec. 6, 1894 Chads W.Chalfant Feb. 11,1895 James V. Dwyer " 20, 1895 Mary Chew 28, 1895 Dale Bevard Mar. 4, 1895 Otha Crawford " " 6, 1895 Ethel Bevard Feb. 16, 1895 Dr. J. B, Grooms Mar. 10, 1895 Samuel B. McCroy 27, 1895 Rose E. Chew 27, 1895 Mrs. Eliza Herbertson 30, 1895 Ellen Smith Apr. 3. 1895 Henry B. Cock, Jr. May 12, 1895 Elizabeth J. Grooms 16,1895 Edward Moorehouse, Sr. 13,1895 Harry L. Bevard 31,1895 Charles Coburn June 9 1895 lames M. Smith " 3,1895 William Shaffer ;; July 15,1895 James Britton 16, 1895 Lewis Marker, Jr. " 27, 1895 Annie M. Johnston .30, 1895 Orlando W. Brash ear ." '^^.*^- 24,1895 Annie Clark 24 1895 Lelia Patton " ^^P* 15. 1895 Harry Bane 15,1895 Rebecca Johnson 18.1895 Martha J. Barr Oct. 6, 1895 Chas. Dorsev's child 7,1895 Prof. A. C. Lyons " " 24, 1895 William Claybaugh " " 19, 1895 James Hardwick " " 27,1895 Mamie Taylor " Nov. 8,1895 Hananah Gue 9, 1895 Lizzie Pursglove " " 20, 1895 Mary M. Tate " " 29, 1895 Ril'ey Eckles Dec. 14, 1895 0. R. Knight " " 11, 1895 Mathew Davis " " 8 1895 Jesse P. Twigg " Jan. 14, 1896 Mollie Reese " 29,1896 Jacob Marks " 27, 1896 Thomas Aubrey " Feb. 6, 1896 Sarah Stewart " Ian. 31,1896 Eliza B. Cox " 15.1896 Amanda S. Duncan Apr. 2, 1896 George .Stewart, Sr. " " 2,1890 Charles Minehart " 14,1896 Mary Irons w 19, 1896 George E. Hatfield Mrs. W. S Haddock Mrs. Wm. Hafman Archie Dwyre Mrs. Amm Leonard Mrs. Orella C. Harrison Abraham B.Gaskill Kate Crawford Hilton Johnson Jennie Byland Britton Mrs. Heisterman Moses Moorehouse Eliza J. Johnson Jeannette McWilliams Mrs. Robert Demain Leonard Lenhart Dearth Marker Joseph Stroup Percey Smith Wm. P. Searight Myrtle G, Allison Callie M. Dorsev Dr. J.B. Barclay Wm. H. Rhodes Jane Marshall Frank Shallenberger Charles O'Donnell Dudlev Chalfant Elizabeth A. Hyatt Roger Chew Dr. Robert Playford Marv M. Wood J.R.Htmt Harry B. Swords J. Truman Wells Ruth Marshall Mary M. Jones Mrs. Ann Haines Josephine McDonald William Cornell Cornelia Day Martin Dougherty Laura P. Elliott Isaac S. Crall Charity A. Armstrong John Springer Mrs. Elizabeth E. Truxal Fred Snider Wm. S, Hatfield Eliza Pursglove Belle Byland Theakston James L. Bowman Clarence P. Springer Mrs. H.M.Wright Daniel Campbell Robert Blaine Dora Starr Anna Krepps Wornock Simon Johnston Charlotte Benton Maria Minehart Martha J. Blair Lidie K. Booth Joseph Gibbons Emma Allison League Eli Bailey John Acklin David Martin Mrs. E. A. Hastings Sarah Jane Graham Benjamin Thornburg Ruth Houston Frank P. Stewart Moses Wright Harrold G. Booth Mrs. Annie Kisinger Jennie Long Gertrude B. Owen George Livingston, Sr. Marv A. Vanhook died Apr. 18, 1896 " 23, 1896 ■■ 14, 1896 Mav 7, 1896 '■ 30, 1896 June 21 1896 July 5, 1896 5, 1896 •' 20, 1896 •• 19, 1896 31, 1896 5, 1896 3, 1896 2, 1896 17,1896 24, 1896 5,1896 6, 1896 14, 1896 13, 1896 6, 1896 2,1896 Sept. 27,1896 Oct. 11,1896 '■ 11,1896 " 15, 1896 " 11,1896 22, 1896 29, 1896 7,1896 18,1896 18,1896 27, 1896 22, 1896 5. 1896 16, 1896 18, l.«96 21, 1896 18, 1896 25, 1896 28, 1896 31,1896 30. 1896 18,1897 27. 1897 27, 1897 1,1897 8. 1897 8, 1897 15, 1897 20,1897 2, 1897 4, 1897 2, 1897 6, 1897 10, 1897 16, 1897 18,1897 19, 1897 26, 1897 14, 1897 20, 1897 24, 1897 30, 1897 19, 1897 19, 1897 28.1897 29, 1897 1,1897 28, 1897 June 11,1897 14, 1897 30, 1897 1,1897 5, 1897 5, 1897 11, 1897 31,1897 1,1897 2,1897 Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec Jan. Feb. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Mav June Mav July Aug. Sept. Necroloyical Record of tlie Three Towns Mrs. Ann Leonix Mrs. John Bricker Virtue Fox Mrs. Moses Wright James Dudgeon Frank Barnhart Mrs. M.C, Griffin Rebecca S. Goe Malissa M. Carter John \X . Thompson George Mormell John McMahon Annie Chew Johnson Robert D. Houston Nancy S. Houston J. Holmes Patton John R. Knight Thomas Brawler John D. Bakewell.Sr. Robert J. Thompsun Adam Livingston Wm. Anderson George J. Wilkinson Mrs. Anna Cramer Mrs. Robinet Crawford Capt, I. C. Woodward John Weigle, Sr. Geo. W. McClain John Bennett Harry Hagar James Hall John Cartwright Wm. Pritchard John Hastings (colored) S. Hastings (colored) Robert Davis Joseph Ridge Maria Brock- John Hormell Walter Smith Zackariah Powell William Bricker Noah Speer Warren Ailes D. D. Williams Margaret Cooney Harriett Chew John Weston Thomas Lilley, Sr. George Miller Sainuel Pope Ellen Chew- Nathaniel Bird Andrew Peyton Joshua Speer Nathan Crawford Oliver Wells William Barr Hugh T. Boley William Ailes Geo. W. Wilkinson Kate Roher Ruth A. Carmack Jack Harrison Wilbur Taylor Johnny Gray, Sr. Victoria Ax ton Col. Robt. G. Ingersoll Col. Alex. Leroy Hawkins James Palling Ellen Williams Andrew Smith John S. Cunningham John Pratt Nancy Ann Snider James Dorsev James A. Hill Bridget Thompson Ed. Butler Isaac W. Richard died Sept . Oct. Nov Mar. Dec. Pel). Mar. MaN- Julv Feb. Aug. Sept. Nov. Dec. Dec. 10,1897 James L. McDonough died 12,1897 Isaac F. Thompson 1.5,1897 LettitiaBevard 17.1897 Mrs. Ann Weston 10,1897 Capt, Sam VanHook 21,1897 Mrs. S. A. Mundell 21,1897 Wallace Garwood " 20,1897 Alfred Hamilton 18.1897 Robert G. Taylor 0,1898 Joseph E. Adams 23.1897 Charles Cox (colored) 18, 1:al eth Dorsev ■• 13,1899 lolm Albright •■ 13,1899 J. Rollin Nelan.M. D. •• 13,1,899 'o^.eph Horner " Apr. " 15,1.899 Harriett Clavbaugh Britten" " 19,1899 Ashbel F. Smith " 20,1899 George Lopp.Sr. Sept. 1,1899 Lucius M Theakston " " 4,1,899 Mrs. Morgan 4 1.S99 'esseP.Crpwford '■ 14,1899 Cornelia Bolden (colored) " May Sept 28, 1899 Oct. 9 1899 " 10,1899 25, 1899 27, 1899 13, 1899 10,1899 10,1899 20, 1899 20, 1899 20, 1899 5, 1899 6, 1899 7.1899 " 15, 1899 " 17, 1899 " 19, 1899 miles east of 23,1899 23, 1899 23, 1899 23. 1899 23, 1899 23. 1899 23, 1899 23, 1899 23, 1899 23, 1899 23, 1899 23, 1899 23, 1899 23, 1899 23, 1899 23, 1899 23. 1,S99 1,1900 4, 1900 0, 1900 8,1900 1, 1900 0,1900 2, 1900 3, 1900 9, 1900 12. 1900 13, 1900 15, 1900 20. 1900 20, 1900 23, 1900 22, 1900 29, 1900 28. 1900 0, 1900 1 1 , 1 900 28. 1900 — , 1900 — , 1900 21.1900 20, 1900 23.1900 20, 1900 2(i 1901 28. 1901 28, 1901 1901 1901 1901 1901 1901 3. 28. 1901 4, 1901 0. 1901 11, 1901 14 1901 17, 1901 17, 1901 19. 1900 22, 1901 256 Necrological Record of the Three Towns William J. Rice died May 23 1901 John L. Nelan " " 24 1901 William Husenman " " 28 1901 Elizabeth Lopp " " 30 1901 Robert T. Dales *' 31 1901 Ida Wilkins Layton June 6 1901 George W. Waggoner " 7 1901 James Martin " '■ 8 1901 Joseph Farquhar " " 8 1901 James S. Binch " " 8 1901 Mrs. Marj- Richey " " 10 1901 Mrs. Jennie Patterson Lopp" 12 1901 Martha Houston " 14 1901 Isaac Coleman Ailes " 15 1901 John S. Wilgus " " 16 1901 James Miller " July 5 1901 Jesse H. Bulger " " 9 1901 Belle Deems Yorty " 9 1901 Oliver Allen, Sr. " 15 1901 Thomas Hill " " 16 1901 Mrs. Lucinda Eckles " 25 1901 Mrs. Amy Sargent " Aug. 9 1901 William McKinley " Sept 13 1901 Charles Hormell " " 25 1901 Mrs. Nancy Burd " " 26 1901 Jos. D. Armstrong * " 29 1901 Joshua Hand " '* 18 1901 Anna Axton Manges " Oct. 25 1901 Mrs. Mary Montgomery " Nov. 5 1901 Alexander Wilson " " 5 1901 Amanda Livingston " '•' 14 1901 Benjamin Crall " " 18 1901 John L. Province " " 23 1901 Capt. A. Carl Cock Jan. 5 1902 Parker Pyle " 7 1902 Mrs. Morgan Pierce " " 10 1902 Carrie Calvert " " 14 1902 Alonza Calvert " " 16 1902 Jesse Smith " " 20 1902 Elvy Grimes " Feb. 18 1902 Mrs. Jane Jackson " " 21 1902 Jacob Lilley " Mar. 15 1902 John Williams " " 18 1902 Prof. E. F. Porter Apr. 5 1902 Fletcher F.Chalfant " 21 1902 Robert Miller May 14 1902 Anna Grimes Miller " " 16 1902 Samuel H . Smith , Esr| . " 23 1902 Frank A. Gribble " 25 1902 Amos Carlson June 11 1902 Minnie Brenton " " 30 1902 W.H.Thomas July 23 1902 Benjamin Shoemaker " 25 1902 J mesM.Abrams " Aug. 9 1902 Erasmus Kaiser " " 10 1902 John Pallent " 11 1902 Kate Hurd Graham " " 13 1902 Mrs. Ella Bailey " — 1902 James W. Claybaugh " Sept 3 1902 Morgan Pierce " 3 1902 Leonard Swords " " 4 1902 Wilson Simpson " " 4 1902 William L. Guiler " " 13 1902 Mrs. MoUie Blair " " 17 1902 Isaac Linn " Oct. 10 1902 Charles Marker " Nov. 7 1902 Isaac N. Burson " " 2 1902 John Reynolds " " 11 1902 Louis Grafinger " " 13 1902 Joshria Mechem " " 24 1902 Wm. H. Amnion " " 25 1902 Lint Dutton " " 26 1902 J. Shannon McCutchion " " 29 1902 Henry Delaney " Dec. 27 1902 Fred Grover's baby " Jan. 9 1903 Wm. M.Linn " 20 1903 U. G. M. Perrin " 99 1903 Frank Martin " " 29 1903 James M. Hutchinson " Feb. 1 1903 Simon Lilley " " 6 1903 Hanna J. Porter Mary A McGinty Charles A. Frost George W. Black Samuel H. Piersol Harriet Calvert Fletcher Thomas M. Hopkins Miss Blanche Springer Charles Jadinsky Mrs. Lucinda C. Swearer Robert Moorehouse Isaac Smothers Adolphus Chew William Hazen Anna Ridge Christiana Lindv William Parkhill James Simpson John Rama.ge Seaborn Crawford James Ghrist S. E Miller killed William Gately " Child of S. Theakston died Miss Eva J. Murray " John Sorrell (colored) " Jack Hall Seaborn Crawford " John Dean " Agnes Selden " Mike Adams " Mrs. Fletcher F, Chalfant " Mrs. Sarah Wright " Mrs. Jane Van Kirk " Child of Thos. Williams " Child of Totko William Bravley " William Gordon " Nicholas C. Swearer " Mrs. Caroline Wheeler " Unknown (died of smallpox) Mrs. Brown died Infant (Geo. Locatta) " Infant (Hvmgarian) " Infant (Hvmgarian) " Alexander Jordan " Mrs. Anna Marie Wilson " Ettie Isler " Jeremiah Cane " Steve Martinota " Mrs. Mike Edecon " Mrs. Mary Vernon " Ignatz Nigy " Joe Watto (Italian) " Mrs. Martha D. Calvert Ada L. Springer " Robert H.Acklin Joclin Moyer " Viola Crable (colored) " Ivy Kelley " S. Green " Silas B. Drum " Mr. Rosec (foreigner) " Tony Kesfofe (foreigner) " Lewis Stovey " Infant of Isaac Frank " Wm. Robinson " Unknown Italian (blown up at tunnel) " Unknown Italian (blown up at tunnel) Katherine CJraham Mrs. Lizzie Crable and child (smallpox, colored) died Henry Lancaster (colored) " John Smith " Caroline Briner " Killed at Briar Hill shaft • Domino Cafosse Frank Cafosse Feb. 28, " 28, " 28- Mar. 3, 6, Apr. 10, " 23, " 24, " 27, " 28, " 30, May 31, June 5, July 1, " 23, " 31, Aug. 11, Sept. 9, " IS, " 20, " 20, " 24, " 29, 3, " 14, 9, 3, " 26 " 28, " 29, Oct. 11, " 12, " 20, " 29, " 23 " 25, 2, 3, 3, " 21, " 26, " 27, '• 27 " 27, " 24, Nov 22, " 11, " 12, " 12, 9, " 10 " 16, Dec. 5, " 13, " 27, " 21, Jan. 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1900 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1903 1904 1904 Jan. 9, 1904 9, 1904 16, 1904 16, 1904 18, 1904 26, 1904 26, 1904 28, 1904 28. 1904 Necroloeing the first house so constructed west of the Allegheny mountains. On the strength of this he secured a Virginia title to a large tract of land including the old fort of the mound-builders known as "Redstone Old Fort, on the site of which Colonel James Burd, in 17o9. built Fort Burd. 260 Cresap's Ferry CRESAP'S FERRY. Febrtiary 23. 1775, Michael Cresap was authorized by the Virginia court to keep or run a ferry on the Monongahela River at Redstone Old Fort or rather between that place and the land of Indian Peter on the opposite side of the river where West Brownsville now stands. Cresap seems to have established the ferry but as he died that fall, the ferrjr fell into other hands, whose is not definitely known, but the records of the Fayette County courts in 1788 disclose the fact that at that time it was in the hands of one of the Gillespies. The landing on this side of the river was at a point in front of the United States Hotel, now the Albion Hotel. The ferry continued here till the National Road was completed in 1S20 when it was moved up the river to Bridgeport where the present steaniboat landing now is and where it continued to ply till the wooden bridge was finished in 1833. It may not be ovit of order here to mention that there was another ferry located farther up the river, that plied between a point in front of where Solomon G. Krepps, Sr., now resides, in Bridgeport, and the old stone house on the West Brownsville side, located near the Sam Thompson distillery. The old stone house was then a tavern and was the property of the Krepps'. The ferry was established by John Krepps in 1794 and continued till some time after the Monongahela bridge was completed. Towards the end of its davs it was run bv steam. CRESAP EXONERATED OF KILLING LOGAN'S FAMILY. Mr. Cresap is the man who was accused of killing the family of Logan, the Indian chief. Captain Cresap took active part in the Indian troubles about Pittsburg and Wheeling in 1774 and in the svimmer of 1775 led a company of riflemen froiTL Maryland to Cambridge, Mass., to join General Washington. A part of this company was enlisted from Fayette County or what is now Fayette County. Captain Cresap took sick shortly after reaching Cambridge and started home bttt when he reached New York he was unable to proceed farther. He remained in New York till October of that year when he died. His son Michael and John J. Jacob who had been a clerk in his store and who afterwards married his widow, were the executors of his estate, and it was largely throvigh them that his name has been entirely cleared of the odium that attached to it on account of the murder of the Logan family. They proved conclusively that he was not in that section of the country when the murder occurred. THOMAS AND BASIL BROWN. Michael Cresap sold his land to Thomas and Basil Brown some years later, who in 1785 laid out the original town of Brownsville. A public square was left open on the south side of Front street and between this and the river a Hrowiisvilk- Laid < )ul and Incorporated '261 burial ground was rcscrvi'd. In this burial ground Thomas Brown was linally laid to rest in 1707 and until «|uitc' recently the stone marking his grave was still standing and engraved on il were these words: "Here lies the body ol Thomas Brown, who was once the owner of this town, who dejiarti'd this life March S, 1797, aged 89 years." In this same ancient cemi'tery weri' buried two brothers of George Washington. BROWXSVILLK LAID OUT AM) LXCORPORATED. While Brownsville was laid out in 17sr) and at once commenced its ])he- nomenal growth both hi iio])ulati(m and industry, it was not incorjxn-ated till 18L3. The Act of Assemldy by which it was incorporated was ])assed December 14, 1814, and ajiproved January 9, bSL'). An election was held at the house of Jacob Coplan on the lirst Tuesday of Ajiril of the lattt-r year and the following borough officers were elected: FIRST BOROUGH OFFRTALS. Thomas McKibben, chief burgess: Phih]) Shaffner, assistant burgess: William Hogg, Basil Brashear, John S. Duncan, John McCadden, George Hogg, Jr., Israel Miller and George Dawson, councilmen: John Jaques, high constable. In 1817 Brownsville township was constituted being taken from Redstone townshi]). The numl)er of taxpayers at the time Brownsville was incorporated is given as L'o4. PRESENT BOROUGH OFFRTALS. Burgess: William H. Fisher. Council: Harry Kisinger. president: Benj. Hil)bs, Charles L. Snowdon. Edgar T. Brashear, A. A. Carmack, \V. A. Griffin, Jas. F. Collier. Secretary of Council: Charles W. Coulter. Treasurer: Monongahela Bank. Assessor: Edw. DeLaney. Auditors: W. A. Griffin, J. Howard Snowdon, Edw. DeLaney. Tax Collector: George C. Steele. Policemen: A. C. Patterson, chief: Alex. Lal;)in, Clyde Worcester. Constable: George N. Porter. Street Commissioner: Jesse Johnson. School Directors: W. A. Edmiston, president; W. L. Lenhart. secre- tary: J. A. Hoviston, Harry Kisinger, C. L. Snowdon, Frank Gabler, Frank Gadd, Charles M. Gregg, William Acklin, Charles Storey, Benj. F. Hibbs. Justice of the Peace: Charles W. Bowman, William L. Lenhart. Health Board: Dr. C. C. Reichard, President : Dr. Louis X. Reichard. Secretary; Dr. Colley ^Miller. S. S. Graham, Samuel E. Taylor. 262 Postmasters Wlio Have Served Brownsville POSTMASTERS WHO HAVE SERVED BROWNSVILLE. The post office at Brownsville was established January 1, 1795. The following is a list of the postmasters with the date of their appointments; Jacob Bowman, Jantiary 1, 1795. Martin Tiernan, April 29, 1829. Margaret Tiernan, December 6, 1834. William G. Roberts, December 12, 1838. William Sloan, July 10. 1841. Henry J. Rigden, June 4, 1845. William vSloan (second time) May 11, 1849. Isaac Bailey, May 18, 1853. Samuel Snowden, March 13, 18(U. OHver P. Baldwin, March 7, 1805. Henry Bulger, April 9, 1869. John S. Wilgv:s, April 9. 1873. J. Nelson Snowdon, January 23, 1878. Holmes Patton. W. A. McCormick. W. C. Steele, Fcbruarv 15, 1899. EARLY FIRE PROTECTION. Brownsville has ne\-er had a fire department, nor has there ever been in the borough any efficient organization furnished with adequate apparatus and appliances for the extinguishment of fires, though at least three of the old- style hand fire engines have been purchased. The date of the purchase of the first of these has not been ascertained for the reason that no borough records can be found covering the period from March, 1821, to August, 1840, as before mentioned. That the borough was in possession of the engine house, and therefore, presumably, an engine, prior to the latter date, is shown by the fact that at that time a bill was presented and allowed by the board "for painting the engine house." On the 12th of October, 1842, the petition of about fifty citizens was pre- sented "praying the council to provide suitable means to guard against the accident of fire, and to take a loan for the purpose of defraying the necessary expenses thereof." At the same time a committee was appointed to examine the three springs at the head of the town with a view to the construction and supply of a reservoir, and to report on the same. On the 17th of the same luonth the committee reported that to "construct a reservoir, at the spring above Workman's, thirty feet sc[uare and twelve feet deep, to cover the same and to bring the water through iron ]npes to Brashear's Alley, will cost about one thousand dollars; and for each additional foot of pipe, and laying the same, one dollar thirty-seven and a half cents." Also that fire plugs should be jntt in at each square, costing, Ijy estimation, forty dollars. George Dawson was instrticted by Earl}- Fire Protection •jb:? Chas. liowiuaii s \ anl — Nnnacoliii Castle the council to confer with the heirs of Neal Gillespie to ascertain what they would charge for land f(jr the reservoir. On the l24th of October, Mr. Dawson reported that permission to Iniild the reservoir could not be obtained. October 17th, 1S42, council resolved "that Robert Rogers and Edward Hughes be and they are hereby appointed a committee to contract for a fire engine." October 20th, Robert Rogers was appointed to coniract for four ladders — two of twenty feet and two of sixteen feet in length — and f(.)r six fire hooks. January 12, 1843, "the president, Mr. Roljert Rogers, was a]>])ointed to contract with some one to build an engine house at the west end of the market house." On the 17th of the same month, "Robert Rogers, president, re- ported that he had articled with FauU & Herbertson for a fire engine for three hundred and fifty dollars," and two days later he reported that he "had contracted with Jiihn Johnson to build the engine house. " The Mechanics' Fire Company, of Brownsville, petitioned the covmcil Nov. 7, 1843, to furnish them with one hundred feet of rope and two axes, which was done. June 27, 1851, "the large fire engine" was placed under control and in charge of a company who had recently organized and petitioned the council for that purpose. 264: Old Cemeteries Subsequently, at different times, when by the occurrence of fires, the attention of the citizens had been called to necessity of taking measures to prevent widespread disaster from that cause, new fire companies have been formed and organized, but as often have they become disorganized and disbanded after a brief period of activity and enthusiasm. OLD CEMETERIES. On the hill adjoining the "public square" on Front Street is Brownsville's oldest burial place, but now, and for some years past, inclosed with the grounds of J. W. Jeffries. Within the inclosure until recently, may have been seen the headstone which once marked the grave of Thomas Brown, the founder of the town. Upon it is the following inscription, still legible: "Here lies the bodv of Thomas Brown, who once was the owner of this town. De- parted this life March 8, 1797, aged 89 years." There was also a stone sacred to the memory of Basil King, who died in 1805, and three others, which, were respectively erected over the graves of John H. and Archibald Wash- ington, brothers of George Washington, and Edward B. Mechem, all of whom died in 1818. These three men (of whom the latter was a native of South Carolina, and the other two of Southampton, Va.), were members of a party who came through from Baltimore, Md., having with them a gang of negro slaves, manacled and chained together, and bound for Kentuck}^ which they expected to reach by flatboat from Brownsville, down the Monongahela and Ohio. Arriving at Brownsville they were compelled to wait for some time for means of transportation down the river, and during the period of this delay the "jail fever" (declared by many to have been smallpox) broke out among the negroes, several of whom died and were buried in the south part of the public ground. The disease was communi- cated to the white men; the two W^ashingtons took it, and both died on the 10th of April in the year named. Mechem was also a victim, and died three days later, April 13th. All three were interred in the old burial ground, and stones erected over their graves, as before mentioned. These stones as well as all others in the old ground, have been removed from their places at the graves which thej^ once marked, and none are now left standing. Many years have passed since any interments were made here, and there is nothing seen upon the spot to indicate that it was ever used as a burial place. Connected with the churchyards of the Episcopal and Methodist churches are grounds set apart many years ago for burial purposes, and containing a great number of graves. These were in general use as places of interment until the opening of the cemetery outside the borough limits, about twenty years ago. The Catholics have a cemetery connected with their church. REDSTONE CEMETERY ASSOCIATION. The "Redstone Cemetei^y," sittiated on the high land on the south side of the National Road, abovit three-fourths of a mile southwardly from Brownsville. Rt'dstoiie CeinettTV Association 265 Birlliplace of Senator P. C. Knox, Brownsville was laid out and established as a burial ground by an association formed in 1860, and composed of William L Lafferty, Rev. R. Wallace, William H. Clarke, James Slocum, William M. Lcdwith, William Parkhill, Thomas C. Tieman, John R. Button, David Knox, and Capt. Adam Jacobs. They purchased the cemetery tract (about nine acres) of Daniel Blubaker for $!,()()(). The soil is underlaid, at the depth of about two feet, with a bed of soft sand- stone, and this, in the case of each interment, is cut through to the recpiired size of the grave, thus forming a sort of vavilt, which in making the burial is covered by a flagstone, of which a large supply is constantly kept on hand by the association. The cemetery is located on a spot which was made attractive by nature, and its beavity has been greatly enhanced by the laying out, which was done in the modern style of cemeteries, with winding paths and graded carriage- ways, and all embellished by the planting of ornamental trees, with an abundance of evergreens. There has been many handsome and expensi\-e montiments and memorial stones erected in this ground, and in regard to these and other particulars, few cemeteries can be found more beautiful than this. FIRST AND PRESENT OFFICIALS. The cemetei-y association, formed in 1860, was not chartered until Feb. 24, 1S77. The first president was Dr. Wm. L. Lafferty; secretary and 266 First and Present Officials treasurer, William M. Ledwith. In 1865, Dr. Lafferty was svicceedcd by John R. Button, now deceased. The present officials are; H. W. Robinson, president; William A. Edmis- ton, secretary: S. S. Graham, H. W. Robinson, W. A. Edmiston, T. M. Rogers and C. L. Snowdon. directors. RULES OF THE CEMETERY ASSOCIATION. From the Rules and Regulations of the Redstone Cemetery Company of Brownsville. Favette Countv, Pa., chartered February 24th, 1877, we copy the following: ' 1. The Corporation shall be known as the "Redstone Cemetery Company, and by that name shall have perpetual succession. , „^ ^ . ^ , ... . r .i,„ 2 The purpose ot the Company shall be the mamtenance of a public cemetery for the burial of the dead, under such conditions, rules and regulations as the Board of Directors or Managers mav from time to time establish. , . t, ■„ t^ r> 3 The place of business of the said Corporation shall be m Brownsville, l-ayette County, Pa ' (The grounds of said Company being in Brownsville Township, Fayette County, Pa.) 4 The regular annual meeting of the stockholders shall be held on the first Monday of Mav in each year, at which time an election shall be held for five directors of said Company, and in case of the failure or neglect of the stockhloders to meet and hold the election as herein pro- vided then the old Board of Directors shall continue to hold office and perform the necesssary duties of the same until their successors are duly elected, and any vacancy in the Board caused bv death, resignation or otherwise, may be filled bv a ma.iority of the directors in office. The directors shall have full power to put in execution all laws, rules and regulations, as may be necessaryand proper for the government of the Corporation, its officers and affairs. 5 No certificate of title or ownership to any lot in this Cemetery, shall issue until the pur- chase money is wholly paid up, and any purchaser of a lot who is in arrears for any balance of purchase money and who has refused or neglected to pay the remainder thereof, for a term of one vear f'-om the date of purchase, shall forfeit his rights to any further occupancy of said lot. and no permit for anv interment shall be granted to him or any of his heirs until all arrearages, both principal and interest are fully paid, and if said person shall neglect to pay said arrearages for a further term of one vear after being served with a notice of said arrearges, said lot shall be absolutely forfeited, and if there have been interments therein the graves may be leveled and the lot resold, or it may be set apart as a portion of the ornamented nart of the Cemetery, as the managers may decide in each case. REGARDING INTERMENTS. 1 Whenever an interment is to be made and before the ground can be broken for any grave, a permit shall first be obtained from the President, authorizing the Sexton to prepare the same, and application for such permit should in all cases be made in ample time to allow the work to be properly done. ,. , , . . • -u- i . -u u i 2. Any lot owner allowing a friend to make an interment m his lot, shall leave a written request or order with the President before a permit for said interment can be issued. 3. All interments must be paid for to the President, when the permit is given and before the interment is made. DISINTERMENTS. 1. No disinterment either for removal from the Cemetery or for reinterment in another part of the same, can be allowed during the month of April, May, June, July, August or Sep- tember, but from the first of October to the 31st of March, disinterments may be made at the discretion of and by permission from the President (see act of assembly). No allowance shall be made for a grave vacated by disinterment. VISITORS. Visitors will be admitted on all days of the week (except Sunday) subject to such regula- tions as the Board mav from time to time prescribe. , , , , . , , Visitors must retire and the gates be closed and locked at 7:30 o clock during the long evenings of the summer, and 4 o'clock during the balance of the year. Children will not be admitted, unless attended by some person who will be responsible for their good conduct. ..,.., , , i Schools or other large assemblages or parties with refreshments, persons on horseback or with a dog, will positively not be admitted at all. No visitors will be admitted to the cemetery grounds on the Sabbath day, except owners (jf lots and their families, and they will be required to present a pass, to be obtained from and signed by the president and reads as follows: "Redstone Cemetery." Lot Owner's Sunday Ticket. NOT TR.\NSFERABI.E. Admit Pres. This ticket will admit none but cwncrs of lots and their families. Children must be accom- panieil by an aduh, who will be held responsible for their good conduct while on th:- ground. Not Run for Ik-nefit of Stock holik-rs 267 ENDOWMENT FUND. In order to comply with the urgent demand of nuinerous owners of lots for some method by which permanent means can be supplied to secure and insure the perpetual care and preser- vation of their lots, etc., the following plan is proposed: ARTICLES OP AGREEMENT. This agreement, made this day of A. D. IS. . . . between of the one part and Board of Directors of the Redstone Cemetery Company, of Brownsville, Fayette County, Pa., of the other part. Witnesseth, that the said has deposited with said Cemetery Company the sum of $50.00, in consideration of which the said directors, for themselves and their successors, hereby agree to receive and hold the same sum in trust forever and invest it with other funds of like character, and to apply the income arising therefrom, from time to time, under the supervision of the directors, for the time being, to the repair and preser- vation of any headstone, tomb, or monuments, or for planting or ctiltivating trees and shrubs upon or in Lot No in Sec in the said Redstone Cemetery, and the surplus, if any, at the end of each year, to remain as a sinking fund, to be applied solely and exclusively to the repair and keeping in order said Lot . in Sec PROVI DED , that the said directors shall not be responsible for their conduct in the discharge of said trust except for good faith, and such reasonable diligence as may be required of mere gratuitous agents; and provided further, that the said directors shall in no case be obliged to make separate investment of the sum so given, and that the average income derived from all funds of like nature, belonging to the Corporation, shall be divided annually and carried proportion- ately to the credit of each lot entitled hereto. In witness whereof, the said has hereto set his hand, and the directors of Redstone Cetnetery Company have hereunto set their corporate seal, together with the signature of president and treasvirer. this day of A.D. IS. .. . Pres Treas NOT RUN FOR THE BENEFIT OF STOCKHOLDERS. While it does not appear in the foregoing, it is nevertlieless true, that the Brownsville Cemetery is not run for profit, as the stockholders, in ISSS nitttually, and unanimottsly agreed to cease paying di^'ide^ds. The company or incorporation was $1,000.00 in debt when it ceased paying dividends, but now has in its endowment fund about $9,000.il(). LADIES OF THE ROUND TABLE. One of the interesting literary clubs of Brownsville, is known as the "Ladies of the Rotmd Table." Weekly meetings have been held for more than a year, at the homes of the members who now numljcr twelve. LTp to the present time the work of the club has been C(.)niined to the study of Shakespeare and his dramas, but other English authors will be discussed later. The elulj colors are royal jnu-ple and gold, and the motto is "Knowledge Di.tfused Immortalizes Itself," and reflects in some measure the spirit of the organization. Mary Joseph Johnston is secretary of the club. D G~^ Biographies of Borough Officials (Brownsville^ William H. Fisher is a son of William and Mary Ann (Horton) Fisher and was born in East Bethelehem township, Washington County, Pennsylvania, September 25, 1862. He was raised on the farm that he now owns and that has come down throtigh three generations, first having been bought from Joseph Woodfield who sectired the patent for it from the government and who sold it to Mr. Fisher's grandfather, William Fisher, in 1803. He left it to his son, William, and he in tvirn to William Fisher the subject of this sketch. Mr. Fisher received his education in the public schools of East Bethlehem township and in Washington and Jcfiferson college. After finishing his educa- tion he remained on the farm till he was twenty-nine years of age when he moved to Brownsville where he has since resided. On leaving the farm and coming to town he took up the real estate and insurance business and has followed that with excellent success ever since. Mr. Fisher is a Republican and has always taken an active part in the deliberations and work of his party. From the time he reached his majority till he left Washington County he attended every county convention as a delegate. He was continuouslj' a member of the county and a number of times chosen as chairman of the township committee. Mr. Fisher was twice a member of the congressional conferee committee of this congressional district both times being for Hon. E. F. Acheson. One of these times was after he came to Fayette County and before this congressionl district was changed. He was also a member of the senatorial committee during the Hawkins- White contest which resulted in both men running and ultimately in the election of Dunlap, a Democrat. When Mr. Fisher came to Faj-ette County he at once joined the local political forces and continued his activity to such an extent that four years after he landed here he was chosen councilman and has served continuously since then until he was elected burgess, which office he still holds. For the past eight years he has been a member of the Fayette County central committee and stands high in the ranks of his party. April 14, 1892, he married Miss Anna Buffington, daughter of Hon. Jackson L. and Elizabeth (Taylor) Buffington, and a sister of O. K. Taylor of the National Deposit Bank of Bridgeport. To this tinion there have been born three children, namely. May Elizabeth, Florence and William Fisher. Harry Kisinger is a son of John W. and Margaret (Lenox) Kisinger and was born in Brownsville, ]nne 11, 18G6. He received his education in the Brownsville schools and after leaving school started in the livery business at which he has been engaged continuously since then. \V. A. Ivlinislon — C. L. Snowdon 269 Mr. Kisinger has for the past twelve of thirteen years been a member of the borough council of Brownsville and most of that time has been president of that body. He is also at present a member of the board of education, where he has served for nearly seven years, lie is also a director of the Monongahcla National Bank. Mr. Kisinger is just com]ileling one of the finest anught [jolilical prck-rnu'iU. llowrxrr bis fririids baxx' Iwicc elected liim memljer of the hoard ol\.(liu-ation of Hrownsxillc and lie is now a juslirc of the ]ii';u-e. In 1S".)1 Mr. Lenhart, married Miss Aim jai-obs, dauglilcr of John X. and Sarah (Colvin) Jacobs of Brownsville. To them liaxe been born tive children, Sara McD., Ann J., Georgia, Wm. Challand. and John j . Since the death of his grandfather, Wm. C'hatlanil, Mr. I^t'nhart lias had entire charge of the manufacture of the famous Bntwnsvillc water crackers, and it was he who conceived the idea of having the word "Brownsville" moulded into the Crackers. George Conwell Steele is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Conwell) Steele (see sketch of Wm. C.Steele). He was born February 2S, 18G5, in Browns- ville, Pa., and was educated in the ]iublie schomma (Moudy) Pogue of Jefiferson, Greene County. They ha\e three children. Homer ]., Fannie and Hazel Ross. Frank M. Gadd of Brownsville, was born in Hcistersburg, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, July 21, 1874 and is a son of Stephen I. and Mary A. (Ridge) Gadd. When he was ([uite yotmg his parents moved to Merrittstown where they resided till he was fifteen years of age and where he received his early education in the old academy that is famous for the men of mark who laid the foundation of future greatness within its walls. 276 Chas. H. Storey — Joseph Grafinger Mr. Gadd learned the trade of blacksmith and horseshoer luider his father and is one of the most expert horseshoers in this part of the State. The}- condticted the business in Sandy Hollow for about fifteen years when they came to Brownsville where Frank now conducts a good business, his father having been compelled to quit the business on account of old age, he now being over SO years of age while his wife is past 72, her mother having recently died at the ripe old age of 94. Mr. Gadd has an excellent business and during the winter season when it is icy often drives as high as a hundred shoes a day. Five years ago Mr. Gadd was chosen as a iuryinan in the United States court at Pittsburg, being then only 24 years old and the yovmgest man that up to that tiine who had served on svich a jury. He is a staunch Democrat and last year was a delegate to the. State convention at Harrisburg, and was selected as member of the committee on resolutions. October 2, 1902, Mr. Gadd married Miss Bessie L. West, a daughter of Frank and Priscilla (McLain) West, her father being proprietor of the cooper shop near the Hamburger distilleiy. Mrs. Frank M. Gadd is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal church and has for several years been leader of the choir. Mr. Gadd is also at present a member of the school board of Brownsville. Ch.\s. H. Storey is a son of Capt. Matthew and Julia E. (Baker) Storey, and was born in Bridgeport, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1873. He was educated in the Brownsville public schools, graduating with the class of 1891. After quitting school, Mr. Storey learned the trade of glass cutter at the Brownsville factory where he continued to work for two years. He then spent one year in Philadelphia, two years at Latrobe, and two years at Browns- ville to which point he had returned. He then became proprietor of the Brunswick Billiard and Pool Parlors in which business he continued till the Connellsville Central railroad bottght the property up in securing right of waj'. He then sold out and the building was demolished. Since that time he has been in the hotel business with his father, running the old and ]iopular Storey House. He was elected last spring as a school director. November 25, 1903, Mr. Storey married Miss Elizabeth Cox, a daughter of Edward and Margaret Cox, of Brownsville. They reside at the Storey House. Joseph Grafinger was born in Belle Vernon, Fayette County, Pa., July 5, 1877, and is a son of Louis and Elizabeth (Reider) Grafinger. He was educated in the schools of Belle Vernon and Brownsville, and worked for some time in the Brownsville Clipper office. He then went into the drug store of H. W. Robinson and commenced studying for a drtiggist. He continued there till 1901 when he accepted a position with the Pennsylvania railroad as car tracer. He was next a clerk in the auditor's office of the same road, and is now clerk in the car record office of the Monongahela railroad at Brownsville. Last February he was elected auditor of the borough of Brownsville for a term of three years. A. Huston — l';(l\v. vS. Del.anev 271 luiu- H), l'.)()L', Mr. (.iraiin,L;cr niarrictl Miss I'li )rcnc(.' L. CouU'.t, a davit,'hUr (]|' |()hn and Mary (Smith) CmiltiT of Bro\vns\-ilU'.. They liavc one fhild. l-^anu'sl. Dr. josKiMi A. HrsM'ox who has iiracticcd driitistr\ here lor thr ])ast twenty-live years lirst with Dr. |. M.Ahranis. and siner tlien l)y In'msell". is one of the oldest and best known dentists in this part of the eonnty. He is a son of lohn and EU/.a (McCreadt) Hnston and was born in Petersburg'. Oliio, I'ebruary S, IsriO. He received his early education in tlie common schools of (_)hio and in Richmond College and Harlem Springs College, ( )hio. Dr. Hiiston has never aspired to ])ublic office though he is now a member of the school board of Brownsville and is always interested in thi' advance- ment of the conrniunity ni which he lives. He is also a member of the Health Board. August 2o, ISSS. Dr. Huston married Miss Elizabeth bishlium, at Wash- ington, Pa. She is a daughter of William C. and jane Elizabeth (Entrikin) Fishburn. To this union there has been Ijorn three children. Holmes, McCrcady and Smith Huston. Edward S. DeLaney was Irani in Bridgeport, Fayette County, Pennsyl- vania, October 10, IStUi, and was educated in the ])ul;)lic schools of the borough. He is a son (jf Daniel and Bathiah (Redman) DeLaney, and isatiirescnt serv- ing his fourteenth year as assistant iiostmaster in Brownsville, Mr. DeLanev is a Reptiblican and has been honored a number of times with mtmicipal offices by his fell(nv-townsmcn. He has served as school director and has been one of the auditors for the past five years, and assessor from lUOl to l',)()4. In lS9o Mr. DeLaney married Miss Fdla W. Moorhousc. daughter of Robert P. and Dora ( [ohnson) M(.)orhousc of Brownsville, and to them ha\-c l)een born two children, Kathrvn E. and Rol)ert P. William Graham Acklix is a son of Charles P. and Sarah (Graham) Acklin, and was born in Browns\-illc, April 1 1, 187U. He was educated in the Brownsville and Pittsburg schools and is now engaged in the bakery business with his father. He is also a member of the school board of Brownsvil'.e. Alexander Labin was born in Sunderland, England, March 18, 1858, and is the son of John and Ann (Tenent) Labin. He was educated in the common schools of England and then went to work in the coal mines of that country where he continued till September U), 1881, when he came to this country. He lirst settled at Danville, Montour County, Pa., and worked in the blast furnaces. He did not remain there long, however, but moved to Snow Shoe, Center County, Pa., where he remained working in the mines till 1886 when he went to Philipsburg, same county, and continued in the mines till Jnly of that year. He then came to Dunbar, Fayette County, where he was employed in the mines for about two inonths when he moved onto the farm of Richard Braithwaite near Brownsville and commenced gardening. He 278 Robert Johnson — Frank Gabler followed this for two years and then came to Browns\"ille to live and returned to work in the mines. In 1898, Mr. Labin was elected a member of the council of Brownsville for one year and lilled the jjostion with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. He is now a member of the police force and also health and truant officer. October 24, 1883, he married Miss Jeannett Howie, daughter of Robert and Mary (Pope) Howie of Snow Shoe. They have eight children living and two dead. The names of the living are, John, Robert, Mary, Matthew, Alexander, Thomas Lewis, James, George Poundstone. Robert Johnson of Brownsville is a son of O. M. and Elizabeth (Smith) Johnson, and was born here October 7, 183(3. He received his education in the public schools of his native borough and for a number of years after leaving school he followed steamboating, being an engineer. From 1864 to 1884 he was engaged in the lumber business part of the time with his father and part of the time by himself. After this he again engaged as engineer on the river Imt later took a position with the Home Natural Gas Co. wdiere he remained for fi\'e years. Mr. Johnson next took the position of engineer for the Brownsville Water Co., continuing with them till the first of Noveniber, 1903, when he resigned. In April of this year he was elected street commis- sioner of Brownsville. December 22, 1859, Mr. Johnson inarried Miss Ehna Virginia Gaskill, daughter of Albert and Sarah (Jacobs) Gaskill. To this union there have been born six children, Monroe B., Mary, now the wife of Robert Gillis; residing at Latrobe; Olive, now the wife of John McCormick, residing at Beaver Falls; Ida, now Mrs. John M. Meese of Brownsville Township; Charles S. of Belle Vernon, and Robert D. of Bridgeport. Frank Gabler is a son of P. E. and Ellen M. (Sowers) Gabler, and was born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania, July 11, 1864. He received his education in the Brownsx'ille schools and has lived all his life in his native town where he enjoys the csteein and confidence of all who know him. Mr. Gabler is a blacksmith and pipe fitter by trade, and is at present a mem- ber of the board of education of Brownsville. Mr. Gabler inarried Miss Eva M. Burd, daughter of I. L. and Nancy J. (Fitzgerald) Burd, at Uniontown, Pennsyh^ania. They have two sons, Ravmond B. Gabler and Harold S. Gabler. Thomas C. Worcester, now a member of the police force of Browns\-ille, was born March 9, 1878, in Bridgeport, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, and was educated in the pttblic schools of his native town. He is a son of Samuel and Hettie (Polls) Worcester, and has spent most of his life in the borough where he was born. After leaving school, he commenced working in the glass factories where he continued ofT and f)n, till the works closed or were rtm so irregular lliat it was necessary to seek olher employment. History of Bridgeport Reese Cadwallader Founder of Bridgeport — First Borough Officials — Present Borough Officials with Biographical Sketche — The Old Market House, Warehouse and Wharf — Bridgeport Improve- ment Society — Reading Circle — Bridgeport's Public Fountain — The Old Red Pump — Bridgeport Cemetery — Other Pictures and Reminiscences. Reese Cadwallader Ixjiitiht the land wliere Bridgeport now stands, in 17S3 and laid out the town in 1 7*.U . The land had ]ire\'iously 1 )een held 1 )y ditTeren t parties, first having been jnvempted or taken up l)y Capt. Lemuel Barrett and Angus McDonald under a military ]iermit, but it seems they ne\'er had a title to it. WHEN INCORPORATED. After passing through several hands, Mr. Cadwallader bought it and laid out the town as before stated, in 17t)4. The town was incorporated by an Act of Assembly approved March '.), 1814. The election of officers for the borough, it seems, was not held, however, till May of the next year, at which time the fnllowing ofticers were elected: FIRST BOROUGH OFFICIALS. Samuel Jones, biu'gess; John Cock, Jose])h Truman, Enos Grave, IMorris Trvmian, John Bently. and William Cock, councilmen. Bridgeport Town- ship was formed in ISlo. Samuel Jones was the first justice of the peace for Bridgeport Township and borough of which there is any record and he was appointed February 17, 1817. Justices were regularly appointed after this until 1840 when All^ert G. Booth and James Truman were elected. PRESENT BOROUGH OFFICIALS. Burgess: T.A.J eff erics . Council: W. V. Winans. President; Harry Marshall, Geo. M. Rathmell. Jas. I. Thornton, A. M. Sargent, O. K. Martin, B. R. A. Tilghman. Secretary: Edwin P. Cousc. School Directors; Geo. L. Moore, Pres.; Daniel H. Pearsall, Geo. L. Stewart, U. F. Higginbotham, Alex. Lockhart, R. R. Bulger, Jas. H. Gray, Sec'y; Caleb J. Miller, Jas. Herbertson, Win. Levy, Rev. Richard H. Bumry. Borough Treasurer; National Deposit Bank. 280 The Old Market House Assessor: L. C. Waggoner, retiring; Wni. DeLaney, elect. Auditors: Henry Mossett, Jas. Herbertson, Robert Buffington. Tax Collector: Eli Cope. Policemen: Eli Cope, chief. Constable: John Thompson. Street Commissioner: J. S. Lindy. Justices of the Peace: David M. Hart, retiring: Edw. L. Mooi-ehouse, C. T. Baldwin, elect. Board of Health : Henry Eastman, M. D., Pres. ; Alfred C. Smith, M. D., Sec: Geo. L. Moore, Geo. S. Herbertson, Alex. Lockhart. THE OLD MARKET HOUSE. Long before Bridgeport became a borough, it had a market house which stood where the ptiblic park or grass plat now is. Its existence is evidenced by the fact that on the 22d day of July, 1814, the same month in which the town was incorporated, an ordinance was passed declaring "that from and after the first day of the ninth month next a market shall be established and held in the market house of this borough, and on the fourth and seventh days of each week, and from daylight until nine o'clock a. m., on each of the said days in the first, second, third, tenth and eleventh and twelfth months, and from daylight tintil eight o'clock a. m., on each of said days in the fourth fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth months." An addition was after- wards built to this market house. In 1829 the old market house was sold to D. H. Chalfant for ten dollars twelve and one-half cents. In the fall of 1832 it appears that a new market house had been built. Its dimensions are given as 62 ft. (> in. Viy .'>0 ft. The main part nf this l)uilding was after- wards occupied as a town hall and council chamlier. It was burned some years later. THE WAREHOUSE AND WHARF. A part of the public ground was rented to Israel Gregg, in 1815, for a term of ten years, on which he erected a warehouse 50x20 feet, one and a half stories high. It was stipulated that this building should revert to the. borough at the end of ten years which it did. It was then rented to different parties till 1844 when it was sold and removed and a wharf was built on the site. The wharf was built in 1845 by Henry Marshall at a cost of $903.54. In August of that year the borough council fixed the first rate for wharfage of steamboats. The rate was $1.00 per trip and 50c per day when lying over in a navigable stage of the river, and $5.00 per month in winter. Keel boats were charged 25c per landing or the same per day. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. On the 29th of November, 1842, the council of Bridgeport, in accordance with "the will of the people, expressed at a town meeting called for the Bridgeport Improvement Society 281 old l-alling Rocks. Bridgeport. Keller & Crossan, Contractor.- of the.se rocks down with one massive blast purpose," subscribed one hundred dollars for the purchase of a tire engine for the use of the borough. Afterwards the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars was subscribed by the citizens, when, as one hundred dollars more was necessary, that additional amount was subscribed by the council. An engine was then built for the borough by Faull & Herbertson, and a company was raised and orga,nizcd to take charge of and work it. The subsecjuent history of Bridgeport with regard to the extingviishmcnt of fires has been the same as that of Brownsville. Fire companies have been raised from time to titue, and have as often gone down and disbanded, and at the present time Bridgeport, like Brownsville, is without a fire depart- ment or any effective means of preventing serious disaster to the borough from the ravages of fire. BRIDGEPORT IMPROVEMENT SOCIETY. For some time prior to 1895 a sentiment had prevailed among the most active and progressive people of Bridgeport in favor of a regularly organized society, the object of which should be to improve and beaittify the town, but no definite action was taken until April, 1895. 282 First Meetin^f FIRST MEETING. On the 9th day of April, 1895, there was a meeting held at the hoine of Mrs. A. L. Duncan with a view to perfecting an organization. There were present at this meeting, Rev. W. C. Davis, Mr. and Mrs. Holmes Patton, Mrs. H. L. Fishburn, Mrs. Frank Culbertson, Roland C. Rogers, Mrs. A. L. Duncan, C. K. Porter and Miss Irene Bar. Roland C. Rogers was made president of this meeting and Miss Irene Bar secretary. The objects of the meeting were then discussed and the laws governing the lrn])r()vement Society of Lewistown, Pennsylvania, an organization similar to the one projjosed, was read by Mr. Rogers, and informally discussed. Roland C. Rogers, W. C. Davis and Mrs. J. Holmes Patton were then selected as a committee of three to make arrangements for the next meeting and to nominate candidates for the various offices of the society, which was to be known as the "Bridge- port Improvement Society." SECOND MEETING. The next meeting was held at the Cumberland Presbyterian church. Jitly 2, and was well attended and considerable enthusiasm was manifested. Roland C. Rogers, who was chairman of the previotis meeting and also chairman of the committee that had been appointed at that meeting, opened the session by reading the mintites of the previous meeting. Miss Irene Bar was selected as secretary pro tern. Re\'. W. C. Davis, Rev. H. B. Emsworth, E. F. Porter, who was the county sviperintendent of schools, and others, delivered addresses on the prospects and on the good the society could accomplish. Rev. Emsworth in his address paying Mr. Rogers a very high and deservnig comjjliment f(ir originating and first agitating the cjuestion. At this meeting the rules and by-laws of the Lewistown society were adopted with such changes as to make them conform to the name of Bridgeport, or rather it was decided to do this and a committee was appointed to make +he changes and report to the next meeting which it did and the whole was then adopted. The committei' on nominations then rejiorted the following: FIRST REGULAR OFFICERS. President, Roland C. Rogers; Vice Presidents, Rev. W. C. Davis and Rev. J. G. Patton; Secretary, Miss Irene Bar; Treasurer, Mrs. D. Fred Robinson; Executive Committee, R. L. Aubrey, Wm. H. Herbertson, George L. Moore, Levi C. Waggoner, Mrs. J. Holmes Patton, Mrs. Wm. Cock, Miss C. K. Porter, and Mrs. Robert D. Mason. The report of the committee was accepted and the nominees thus became the first officers of the Bridgeport Ini])rove- mcnt Societv. Iiiipruvciinetit of Market House Lot 283 Thr next meeting of the society was held at the call of the committee, luly lllh at the home of Roland C. Rogers. The eominittce reported the following changes in the regulations and by-laws of the hewistown society ; Bi'idgcport Improvement Society instead of Lewistown. Two \'ice presidents instead of four. Ten instead of thirty on exectrtive committee. Seaborn t'rawford and Mrs. U. F. Higinbilham added to the executive committee. Secretary and treasurer authorized to ]Hirchase suitable bor)ks for re- cording secretary's reports and keeping treasurer's accounts, the same to be paid for otit of the societj^'s treasvny. Orders to be duly signed by the secretary and treasurer. Regular meetings shall be held the second Thtu'sday of each month. Membership fee one dollar per year, instead of obligation for three years. Sixteen instead of fourteen years the age limit. Annual meeting the second Thursday of each March for the election oi officers. IMPROVEMENT OF MARKET HOUSE LOT. The first move toward improvement was. a resolution introdviced at this meeting by Rev. Davis to the effect that the first work of the society be to improve and beautify Market House Lot. This motion carried and they adjourned to meet at the call of the committee on rules and regulations, after appointing the following soliciting committee : Bessie Wright, Ettie DeLaney, Eva Pearsall, Kittie Krepps, Nell Cock, Lizzie Jones, Kate Britton, and Sarah Ghrist. For some reason, that is not recorded, there were no meetings after the one recorded above, for two years, or to be exact, till the first day of Jtme, 1897. But. in the meantime, Roland C. Rogers, Seaborn Crawford and Wm. H. Herbcrtson. the committee of three, who had been appointed at the meeting of Tnlv 11, ISDo. it seems, had accomplished the work assigned them, and the Market Hotrse Lot had been cleared of rubbish and a neat fence built around it. This work was finished and from the language of the minutes of the meeting of June 1, 1897, it seems that it was done principally through the generosity of Roland C. Rogers who was chairman of the committee. HISTORY OF THE PUBLIC FOUNTAIN. At this meeting, Mr. A. G. Leonard acting as chairman, the following officers were elected: Mrs. S. S. Fishburn, president; Miss Irene Bar, secretary; Mrs. R. D. Mason, treasurer, with two assistants, Mrs. Howard Bulger and Miss Sarah Ghrist. It was also agreed not to collect dttes for the time that had lapsed, but to only collect for that year. It was also at this meeting that the question of a drinking fountain was taken up. The question as to where to locate the fountain, should it be erected, how to raise funds for accomplishing the work, and the advisability of asking the 10 284 History of the Public Fountain Roland C. Rogers, Esq. borough council to co-operate with the society, were all discussed at some length. Several locations were proposed and in fact at a meeting of the society held August 12, 1897, a motion prevailed to locate the fountain in front of Seaborn Crawford's lawn on High Street, but this was afterwards reconsidered and the foiintain was finally placed where it still stands. At first it was intended to limit the cost of the fountain to be pvirchased to $200, and the soliciting committees worked to that end. The fund grew slowly till it had reached $150, when at a meeting, August 9th, Roland C. Rogers proposed that if they would make the fund $350, he would add another donation in addition to what he had already given ($25) sufficient to make the total fund $500, or in other words he would contribute $150 more. No immediate action was taken on this proposition, though it was highly ap- preciated, for the reason that the society had some doubts about being able to raise the difference between the $155 then in the treasury and the $350 required. Another condition of Mr. Rogei's' contribution w^as that the fountain be placed in the vicinity where it now stands. In the meantime committees had been appointed to get prices on foun- tains and C. L. Snowdon president of the Bridgeport Water Co., had agreed to furnish water free, and to make a liberal contribtttion towards buying the ^M ffMm ill!r»!a "^^ yr^ ^ -rjf J.W.FI5KE. N.Y. Bridgeport's Public Fountain Dedicated Tuesday, November 9, 1897 286 Dedication of the Fountain fountain. The sohciting committee had been authorized to sohcit sub- scriptions from other sources than from citizens and to their solicitations Capt. Isaac Mason, Samtiel S. Brown, Philip Hamburger and the Connellsville Brewing Co., responded liberalh^ At a meeting of the society held Septem- ber 9, it was found that the fund had reached $200 and then Roland C. Rogers again came to the front with a still more liberal proposition and that was to the effect that if the society would raise |50 more he would make his first offer of $150 good provided the committee did not ask council for aid. This offer the society accepted and committees were appointed to proceed with the work of buying and erecting the fountain, the committee appointed to select a design, at a previous meeting, having already made their selection of a fountain that came within the price, $400, which they had decided to pay. DEDICATION OF THE FOUNTAIN. Withovit going into further details it is sufficient to say that on Tuesday, November 9, 1S97, the fountain was dedicated and presented to the borough of Bridgeport and its people by appropriate ceremonies originally designed to be held at the fountain but which adjourned to the Cumberland Presby- terian church owing to a downpour of rain. The exercises were opened at the fountain by Rev. J. G. Patton who after appropriate introductory remarks suggested the name of Roland G. Rogers as presiding officer of the day and he was accordingly unanimously elected. Mr. Rogers opened his remarks in a downpour of rain when it was thought best to repair to the Cumberland Presbyterian church which had been kindly oft'ered and where he continued his address, reviewing the work of the society and the manner in which the fountain had been secured, not forgetting to give the ladies of Bridgeport due credit for the active interest they had taken in the work. Prayer was offered by Rev. W. Scott Bowman followed by the singing of "America, " led by Prof. E. E. Tombaugh. County Superintendent of Schools E. F. Porter delivered the presentation speech, and the gift was received by W. C. Bar in behalf of the town council. Rev. Rambo, Rev. Chalfant, Rev. Bowman and by I, L. Smith, who was then principal of the Bridgeport schools. The fountain stands at the head of Bridge Street where it intersects High Street, is 44 inches square at the base, 6 feet 2 inches high and is mounted by a statue of Hebe 5 feet 4 inches high making the entire height of the fountain IH feet. It is provided with a drinking basin for horses and one for man while there are two small basins nearer the ground for smaller animals. It is made of metal and weighs 2,100 pounds. The base is of a brownstone color and the statvie was originally bronzed. Its total cost, in place, was .'ii;r)95, all of which the society paid out of its total funds after which it still had a small sum in the treasury. PRESENT OFFICERS OF IMPROVEMENT SOCIETY. At a meeting held March 10, 1,S9S. the following officers were elected and whom we suppose are still the nominal officers as the last meeting recorded Present Officers of Iin])rovcnient vSociety 287 Residence of Daniel H. Pearsall, Bridgeport was held May 12, 1S9S at which it was decided not to disband but to meet again at the call of the president. The officers elected at the meeting March 10, 1898, were Mrs. S. S. Fishbnrn, president; Seaborn Crawford and George L. Moore, vice presidents; Miss Irene Bar, secretary; Mrs. R. D. Mason, treasurer; Thomas Connelly, W. H. Ammon, Roland C. Rogers, Mrs. J. W. Worrell, Mrs. D. Fred Robinson, together with the officers already named, executive committee. That the Bridgeport Improvement Society has already accomplished much good for the borough there is ample evidence, and that it will again spring into active life and still further Ijeautify the town, there is little doubt. THE READING CIRCLE. On December 1, 1883 several ladies met at the Old Manse, the home of Solomon G. Krepps, to organize a society for self-culture, something that would be within the reach of those who had household cares and yet time for reading. They decided to call the society to meet on Monday of each week at the homes of the members in alphabetical order, from seven to nine P. M. The ladies to whom the honor is due for this organization, are Mrs. Wm. S. Duncan Mrs. S. Smith Fishburn. Mrs. Isaac M. Mason, Mrs. Solomon G. 288 The Reading Circle Krepps, Mrs. Robert Graham, Mrs. U. S. Grooms, and it certainly is an honor to have given such impetus to this circle of readers, that they have met each Monday evening for twenty years or more. The simplicity of its menage of the Circle is the secret of its success. They began with the Home College Series, a set of one hundred small books including history, art, science, biography, literature, etc. The study of these books covered a period of two years. Then came the Abbott Series. In 1887 the class commenced with the current Chautauqua Course reading the prescribed books and graduating with the Chautaviqua Class of 1890, with the exception of Mrs. Solomon G. Krepps who (with Mrs. I. B. Beazell) is a graduate of the pioneer Chautaugua Class of 1882. The class also read the "Tourist Series" and some misccUaneotts books from standard authors. In 1902 they began the study of Shakespeare's plays on which they are still engaged. Each meeting is opened by every member asking two ciucstions on Bible history. Some of the ladies are well versed in this part of the work. Another feature of the work is ctirrent events. The evening's work is finished with spelling. The ladies enrolled for the first three months of the Circle's history were, Mrs. William Duncan, Mrs. S. Smith Fishburn, Mrs. Ada O. Krepps, Mrs. H. C. Krepps, Mrs. Wm. Cock, Mrs. Robert Graham, Mrs. J. C. Greenlee, Mrs. Wm. C. Armstrong, Mrs. J. C. Grooms. Mrs. Solomon G. Krepps, Misses E. E. Fishburn and Annie Worrell, Mrs. Celia Minehart. Mrs. Duncan, Mrs. A. O. Krepps and Mrs. Fishburn were college-bred women and their help from that source has been of untold value to the other members, the three serving as presidents in turn until Mrs. Duncan's death. Mrs. Wm. C. Armstrong was chosen president in 1900, and Mrs. Ada O. Krepps was elected to take her place and has served since that time. She is untiring in her efforts to make the meetings instructive and pleasant. With her brilliant mind that reftises to be dimmed by the passing years, she proves to the class that age is no obstacle to self-culture. The Circle from the beginning wotild not allow any political matters dis- cussed. They have had papers on different subjects, reproductions of poems and debates. One, "Resolved that the horse is of more importance toman than the cow.'' The cow won the laurels in that race. Again, "Resolved that Julius Ctesar was a greater man than Napoleon Bonaparte, but the negative was not able to prove Shakespeare was wrong in saying that "Caesar was the foremost man of all the world." There are only six of the original members living here at present. Mrs. Duncan and Mrs. Graham are dead; Mrs. Fishburn is in Pittsburg, an honored member of the Monday Night Club of that city; Mrs. John WoiTell, Mrs. A. V. Nelan, and Mrs. E. F. Porter later members also in Pittsburg; Mrs. Isaac M. Mason is in St. Louis; M. C. Minehart is in Cleveland, Ohio and Mrs. U. S. Grooms is in Peoria, 111. The members now (1904) are, Mrs. Ada O. Krep]js. Mrs. Wm. C. Armstrong. Mrs. Wm. Cock, Mrs. H. C. Krepps, Mrs. Annie Worrell Connelly, Mrs. Chas. The Old Rfd rump 289 Harmon, Mrs. Carrie Porter, Miss Sarah Ghrisl. Mrs. J, M. Spnngcr, Mrs. R. C. Miller, Mrs. R. D. Mason, Miss Ettie Delaney, Mrs. Amy Cox, Mrs. Wm. Todd, Mrs. M. H. Milligcn, Mrs. Samuel (^-awford. Mrs. T. D, Hann, Mrs. Caleb J. Miller and Mrs. Chas. Sawyer. THE OLD RED la'MP. Among the old public wells of the borough, the oldest was the "factory well, " and was sittiated on the lot opposite the residence of D. Fred Robinson, and was fed by a large and never-failing spring of pure water. Many of the older citizens remember it well. It was not a public well, its real purpose being to su])])ly water for the use of the Bridgeport cotton factory, erected on the lot abo\-e mentioned, aliout the year ISlo. Several years after this well was put down, lohn Riley dug one on the lot which is now included in the public park at the foot of High Street. It was riscd by the ]}ublic for many years. This was the " Market House well. " Both wells have ceased to be, but thei-e is still in existence a third one, which is almost as old as the oldest and as excellent as any — the Red Pump well. For this useful gift the people are indebted to Joel Oxley, a Qtiakcr who came to Bridgeport from Lotidon Covmty, Vii'ginia, in the year 1805. This public-spirited and generous citizen burned the 1:>riek and built the house now the home of Mrs. Har\-ey Milliken; and in front of his home he dug the well which for fourscore years has, in the words of the old citizen, "been a mighty txseful thing." It was in the year ISlO that the well was comiileted and a pump placed therein. This ptxmp was in every way like the one now in use, except that the spout was made of wood instead of iron. It is probable that Mr. Oxley himself made the ])um]), for he was a cabinetmaker and had a shop in the frame house between the residence of Mrs. Milliken and John Weston. About forty years ago Amos Griffith a ])um]> maimer of Bridgeport, made the pump which is now used. Longer than the oldest living citizen can remember, these pum])s ha\-e always been dressed in a coat of red jiaint, and of course each has always been known as theredpuni]). In time of drought the well has been sought by people from all parts of the town, and its water source has never been known to fail, though at times its su])i)ly has not been equal to the demand. TUTOR OF JAMES G. BLAINE. It is interesting to note here, that Mr. Oxley was a famous school-teacher of the olden time. For many years he taught a private school at his home and many of his pupils became great men — Jermiah S. Black and James G. Blaine, for example. Mr. Oxley also taught in the stone schoolhouse which stood where the Porter residence now stands. In the borough records we read that on April 24, 1824, Joel Oxley "requested the privilege of the use of the schoolhouse as a schoolroom for two years from the tirst day of May next," and on this application "the burgess was directed to lease the 290 Bridgeport Cemetery same to Joel Oxley for the above term, reserving the customary privileges of the council, and to the Methodists as a meetinghotise." In these records we find, too, that he was a member of the borough council in the years, 1830, 31, 34, 35, and 36. He was in fact, a man interested in every good work to be done in the community. It is not strange, then, that he has left the public something wliich causes his name to be mentioned with praise today. Besides its usefulness, the old red ynimp has a fame, widespread among Bridgeport boys, old and young, here, there and everywhere. Near it many a raid upon the neighbors' h'tiit trees and grape arbors has been jilanned, many a fishing and hitnting excursion has been arranged. On . manj' a Hallow'een it has been the center of operations against the vehicles, gates, steps and other available movable property in its vicinity. Indeed its vicinity has been a stamping ground for the boys of Bridgeport for many generations. BRIDGEPORT CEMETERY. Situated on an eminence on the southeast part of Bridgeport, sloping gently to the north and overlooking the valley of the Nemacolin and in plain view of the National Pike where it passes over the Blubaker hill, is the Bridge- port cemetery, one of the most delightful plots of ground and one of the best kept cemeteries along the Monongahela ri\'er. Summer or winter, whenever you go to it, you find it in perfect order and neat and clean as the lawn of the most pretentious private residence. In this cemetery there rest many of the old-time citizens who lived, loved and labored, and who went to their reward long before the present generation or the one before it came upon the stage of action, and here as the years glide by, many of the descendants of those who now sleep beneath its sod, will go to take up their abode in the silent city of the dead. WHEN ESTABLISHED. The old cemetery was first set aside or established by an act of council passed December 28, 1847 and the btirial lots were free. July 14, 1891, the Bridgeport Cemetery company was organized and acquired eight acres of grotmd lying north and west of the old cemetery. October 22d of the same year, council relinquished all its rights in the cemetery, to the company as will be seen in the following excerpt froni the minutes of council. The new company was not chartered, however, till February 1, 1892, though an appli- cation for the charter was on file for said charter when the action of council was taken, as it refers to the company as "chartered. " "Bridgeport, Pa., October 22nd, 1891. "Regular Meeting of Council: — Motion made and tmanimously passed that the Cotmcil relinquish any and all interest they may have in the Bridge- port Cemetery Co., Chartered, with the understanding that said Company List of Incorporators of Cemetery Coiiijjaiiy 291 fence llic same. t;illantmg or cultivating trees and shrubs, upon or in Lot No Section , in the said Bridgeport cemetery, and the stn-plus, if any, at the end of each year, to remain as a sinking fund, to be applied solely and exclusively to the repair and keeping in order, said Lot Section PROVIDED, HOWEVER, That the said Directors shall never be responsi- ble for their conduct in the discharge of such trust, except for good faith, and such reasonable diligence as may be required of mere gratuitious agents and provided further, that the said Directors shall in no case be obliged to make seperate investment of the sum so given, and that the average income derived from all funds of the like nature belonging to the Corporation, shall be divided annually, and cai-ried proportionately to the credit of each lot entitled thereto. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, The said has heretmto set .hand, and the Directors of the Bridgeport Cemetery Company have heretmto set their corporate seal, together with the signature of the President and Treasurer, this day of President. Tre'tsnrer. As the income of the company will cease when the lots are all sold, a sinking fund has been created from the interest of which the cemetery will then be maintained. This sinldng fund already amounts to $2,000 and it is hoped that it will be increased by donations, and from the surplus on the sale of lots after deducting current expenses, as the years go by. NOT ORGANIZED FOR PROFIT. , As will be seen by article sixth, this cemetery company was not organized for prohtand the business of the corportion is done under the provision of an act of assembly approved the 14th day of May, 1S74. Many public men of the Three Towns among whom the most prominent was Roland C. Rogers, donated liberally to the fund for the erection and maintenance of the ceme- tery in the earlier days of its existence and still continue to do so. It is a fact worthy of comment and commendation that while Bridgeport has always been active in promulgating ptiblic institutions and enterprises for the better- ment and benefit of the living, it has not neglected to provide a peaceful, quiet and withall a beautiful home for the repose of the ashes of those who have passed down over the great divide and beyond the vale that divides time from eternity. Biographies ot Borough Officials (Bridgeport^ Thomas A. Jeffries is a son of William and Rachel (Dixon) Jeffries and was born at Searights, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, Augtist 5, 1868. He received his education in the New Salem public schools and at Waynesburg College. On completing his edtication. Prof. Jeffries selected the profession of teaching, which he followed with the most flattering success for ten years. He was principal of the public schools of New Salem two years, Masontown two years, Fayette City four years, and Belle Vernon two years. When Prof. Porter died in 1 902, Prof. Jeffries came to Bridgeport and bought out his real estate and insurance business, at which he has since been engaged. While Prof. Jeffries has always taken an active part in politics he has never sought public office. However, in the spring of 1903 he was prevailed upon by his freinds to accept the nomination for burgess of Bridgeport on the Republican ticket and was elected by a large majority and is still serving with credit to himself and satisfaction to the people of Bridgeport. In Waynesburg, August 7, 1893, he married Miss Emma J. Goodwin and to them have been born the following children: Helen G., Thomas A., Jr., Margaret M., and Joseph A. Prof. Thomas A. Jefferies is a man of exceptional ability, a^deep and close student, a fluent and forceful speaker and the ranks of pedagogy lost a valued member when he sought other fields of labor. William Vincent Winans was born at Florence, Washington County, Pennsylvania, July 21, 1857. He is a son of J. V. and Elizabeth (Cannon) Winans. He received his education in the ])ublic schools of New Brighton and on leaving school learned the printing trade which he followed for a niunber of years. He served for eight years in the government printing office in Washington, D. C, and three years with the New York Times. In 1889 he came to Bridgeport and in 1891 became manager of the Ph. Hamburger Distilling Co., which position he still occupies. He is a Re- publican and an active worker in his party and is now serving his second term as a member of the council of the bo^o^^gh of Bridgeport, being chosen president both terms, and was elected as delegate to the State convention in 1896. George L. Moore is the son of William B. and Eliza Ann (Sharp) Moore, and was born in Luzerne Township, Fayette County, Pa., October 30, 1843. At the age of twelve years he accepted a position of errand or cabin boy on one of the steamboats plying on the Monongahela river and continued in this position for five years, except in winter when he attended school at home. He subsequently attended the State Normal School then located atMillsboro, Dr. llcnry Hastiiiaii — Levi H. Waggoner 297 Washington County, and at \hv age of eighteen years commenced teaching district school in Fayette County, at which he continued during the winter for al)out eight years. In ISCiS lie entered the niereantile business with his brother at Millsboro but sold out his interest to his brotlu'r in 1S73 and came to Bridgeport where he entered into ])artnership with C. W. Wanee, the firm name being Moore il- Wanee, dealers in hardware and agricultural implements. In 1875 Mr. Wanee died and Mr. Moore liecame sole i)n)prietor. He- has continued in this business ever since and has met with flattering success. Mr. Moore was one of the prime movers in organizing the first company to drill for natural gas at or near Bridgeport, and since then has been inter- ested in several companies that have operated here, or near here, with varied degrees of sticcess. In 1873 Mr. Moore married Miss Emma F. Gibbons, daughter of E. P. Gibbons of Ltizerne Township. To this union were born i\\e children namely Guy G., Frank D., Charles L., Carl F., and Elisha P. Mr. Moore has always been a staunch Reptiblican but has never sought i^olitical oftice. He has been a member of the school board for many years and is at present president of that body. While he is conservative in business matters he is liberal in aid of all worthy jmblic enterprises and active in promoting the best interests of the community in which he lives. Dr. Henry Eastm.^n is a son of Dr. Henry Eastman, .Sr., and Mary E. (Porter) Eastman, and was born at Merrittstown, Fayette County, Penn- sylvania, September 17, 1809. His great-grandfather. Ebenezer Eastman was a son of one of the pioneer settlers of New Hampshire and served as a captain in the battle of Bunker Hill during the Revolution. Dr. Henry Eastman was educated at St. Vincent's Academy, Latrobe, Pa. From there he went to Mt. Union College at Alhanee, Ohio. He entered Jefferson Medical College in 1888 and graduated with the class of 1892. He was immediately appointed surgeon of the Northern Pacific Railroad with headquarters at Missoula, Montana. He remained there about two years when he came to Bridgeport, where he has since practiced medicine with marked success. ;,.."' i'^ In February, 1903, he formed a partnershiji with Dr. Wilbur M. Lilley and the two have built up a ktcrative practice in and around the Three Towns. He is surgeon for the Monongahela Railroad and also for the P. tt L. E. and the Pennsylvania. Dr. Eastman has large coal interests in Greene and Washington Coimties, Pennsylvania, and extensive mining interests in Montana and Alaska. ]\\[y 2. 1902, Dr. Eastman married Miss Evelyn Gates, davighter of D. O. and Flora (Cooper) Gates of Buffalo, New York. They now reside on Second Street, Bridgeport. Dr. Eastman is now serving as president of the board of health. Levi Craft Waggoner was born in Brownsville, Fayette County, Penn- sylvania, December 28, 1851, and is a son of George and Mary M. (Craft) Waggoner. He is of German extraction, his great-grandfather, George 298 David M. Hart Waggoner having been born in Germany bnt came^^to this country abotit the middle of the eighteenth century. Levi C. Waggoner received his education in the Brownsville and Grindstone schools and afterwards learned the trade of marble ctitting with the firm of M. & T. S. Wright at which he continued for ten years in Brownsville and two years in Pittsburg. In 1880 he embarked in the mercantile business opening a grocery and provision store in Brownsville, which he sold several years ago. In September, 1875, he married Miss Ella W. Aubrey, daughter of the late Thomas and Maria (Boyd) Aubrey. They have four children, Thomas A., teller of the Monongahela National Bank; Leroy C, Carrie and Nellie. Mr. Waggoner is a memlier of the I. O. O. F. and Royal Arcanum. He is one of the projectors of and for a long time president of the Brownsville Natural Gas Company. He has always been actively identified with the Republican party and has served a nmnber of times as central committeeman and as delegate to conventions. He was burgess of Bridgeport where they now live, for three years, and assessor four years, retiring last spring. He is also a director of the Monongahela National Bank of Brownsville, and is senior member of the firm of Waggoner & Lilley, paving and sewer contractors. D.wiD MoFFiTT Hart who came to Bridgeport in 18C9, is a native of Washington County, Pa., and was born near Centreville, September 15, 1832, and is the son of James Gibson and Isabel (Mofhtt) Hart. His father was born in Chester Cotmty, Pennsylvania, January 2, 1807, and moved with his parents to Washington County where he learned the trade of weaver and fuller of woolen cloth. He was prominent in politics, being a Whig until the Republican party was formed when he joined its ranks. He served two terms as associate judge of Washington County. He died in 1885. David M. Hart, after completing the common-school course in the schools of Centreville, Washington County, studied the higher branches under the tutorship of Samuel Linton and his brother. Having completed his educa- tion he devoted himself to farming for the next four years. He then accepted a position as clerk in a drug store in Jefferson, Greene County, where he continued till 1854 when he pttrchased a sawmill in West Bethlehem Town- ship, Washington County. With this he was eminently successful. He also operated a sawmill near Brownsville and one in Preston County, West Virginia. He retired from the lumber business in 1880. Mr. Hart has always been an active and progressive citizen, and taken a deep interest in all commendable public enterprises. He has always been a staunch Republican and was elected burgess of Bridgeport in 1880 in which official capacity he served two terms. He has twice been elected member of the borough council serving as president and was also a member of the school board for three years, and is now a justice of the peace. September 12, 1862 he enlisted in Company E, 14th Regiment, Pennsvlyania Volunteers. .. Mr. Hart has been married twice. May 1, 1856 he married Miss Peria Rex, daughter of Charles Rex, of Jefferson, Greene County. W^hile on their wedding tour, Mrs. Hart was stricken with ty])hoid fever in St, Louis and died Daniel II. Pearsall ^^ there Her remams were brouRht home and buned ni Greene ^~"^>"^y-. ^^'■ S \va?n.arried a second >nne Jnly .H, 18..) to Miss Sarah M. Xu^^ daughter of John S. and Barbarelta (Hunter) A\ dgus. baiah M. ^^ dgus '!^t n n. Favette City. Fayette Cnnty, Pa., ^hn• 1 1S4S. She .-as he ^'^nd in a famUv of seven children. Her lather was l.,rn n. Perry,,,.^^ p. -Hte Conntv. Pa.. October 28. 182o and n..ved U> Pr.lKe,...-t -n IS.U and Uc-a h. the n.anufaeture of l,,.ots and shoes and m U.e ,enera^ l^cantn: business. In , ST. he was app.nnted postmaster of Bn.wns.dl n which office he continued hve years. ,See further no.jee .n h.s ^^^]^ To David M. and Sarah Hart were born ten clnldren, j . Pe.c> ^ aUa c A Peria A., Ru.ssell, Lawrence W., Kenneth M.. James G.. ^f '^^ ^\ ' ^l,us, and David M., Jr., all of whom are hvmg except Russelh , . Ha has retired from business and though in h,s seventy-second yeat .tdl takes 1; a"tt.^ mterest in pubhc affairs and is one of the best-,,oste.l men n SnSepon'particulari; conccrmng the early history of the Three 1 owns and Fayette County. Danifi H Pharsali. is a son of Daniel and Sarah (Hingley) Pearsall. He was born at South Staffordshire. England. August 4. 1 S.vJ^ Dan el Pearsall was a miner in England, where he died. H,s wife came to An^ca m July, 1880. and eight years later died at Brownsville m the s,xt>- '° D Wl H I^^J^ttended pay schools m England until thirteen years of ag^when he learned the trade of puddler. After hve years o -p^nei-e af a puddler. he came to the United States, ocatmg at Saw Mi 1 Run m Alleehenv Countv. and engaged in mining coal for seven years. In 18m he ^ved'to Cahforma, Washington County, and continued m coal mmmg '°'X'Sbt years' hard labor, by i^rudence and economy he acuired a snmll sum of money. He mvested this money, assisting to organize the Knob Coal Compan^^ ' The Knob Coal Comi^any was organized m Februaiy. ^I?::!c^piated for hve years. The coal banh is one-halt nide n^h of West Brownsville. In 1S82, with llfteen others, ^'^^'."^^ ^^""^ christened it "The Knob Coal Works." They are well equipped w, h the late machinery for the mining, breakmg. screening and shipping of coal, mnfel and Samuel Pearsall owned eleven of the sixteen shares. The company °^7oled f;om 125 to i:,.. men. and their vearlv output was about one milhon and a half bushels of coal. a.^neral In 188-^ he was elected bv the company to take charge of then geneial store at Bridgeport, and as such still-continued until the^ sale of the work m IQOO to the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal and Coke Company. ■ In 187- Mr Pearsall married Miss Tillie Leadbater of band Creek Alk- ghc^iv County. They have four children. Henrietta, Eva, Sarah -^ mnie. He is a K of P.. a member of the Royal Arcanum and Masomc fiateimt>. and is now a member of the school board of Bridgeport. Mr Pearsall has large coal interests, being treasurer tor about a dozen dif- ferent companies. He has one of the finest greenhouses in the Monongahela 300 Uriah F. Higinbotham Valley, and takes great delight in working among the flowers, where he spends all of his leisure moments. Uriah F. Higinbotham is a son of Uriah and Tabitha (Edington) Higginbotham and was born in Redstone Township, Fayette County, Penn- sylvania, November 30, 185S. He was educated in the common schools of his township, in Dmilap's Creek Academy and in the Southwestern State Normal College. He has served several terms as school director. Mr. Higinbotham has always been actively engaged in business, having taken up many different lines and prosecuted each successfully. On leaving school, he returned to the farm where he remained till 1884 when he went to Kansas and formed a partnership with A. G. Miller. They purchased 1,000 acres of land, well improved, and stocked it with fine cattle. In 1888 he sold out his interest and returned to Bridgeport where he bought the Pros- pect Flouring Mills and adjacent lands. In 1892-3 he was proprietor of the famous Barr House in Bridgeport. He next bought Seaborn Crawford's furniture store in Brownsville, and after running that business for three years, he sold it to Steele & Ross. He is at present engaged in farming and stock raising. In 1889, Mr. Higinbotham was elected a member of the Bridgeport borough council and is at present serving his second term as a member of the board of education. He has always affiliated with the Republican party. In 1880 Mr. Higinbotham married Miss Emma V. Miller, daughter of Oliver and Mary (Gibson) Miller and to this union there ^^•cre born two daughters, Ethel M. and Margaret T. Henry Warner Mossett is a son of Charles and Louisa (Warner) Mossett and was born in Luzerne Township, April 8, 1852. He received his educa-' tion in the common schools and in the California Normal, attending the latter two terms. Mr. Mossett followed the river from 1862 to 1871 as cabin boy first and later as cook and as striking engineer. In 1876 he commenced teaching school and followed that profession for five years teaching eleven terms (svimmer and winter). He served as janitor of the Bridgeport High School for one year and is now janitor of the Monongahela Railroad tmion station. He was twice elected as school director of Bridgeport and is at present serv- ing his second term as auditor of the borough. Mr. Mossett is the first colored man who ever served as inspector of elections in Luzerne township. February 29, 1871, he married Miss Annie Honesty, daughter of Nelson and Rithener (Butler) Honesty of Bridgeport, and to this union were born three children, Oliver N., Charles E. (deceased), and William S. Harry Marshall is a native of Bridgeport, and was bom Nov. 8, 1862. He is a son of Thomas R. and Jane (DeLaney) Marshall. He received his education in the Bridgeport common and high schools but at the age of thirteen he quit school and commenced clerking in a grocery store for his (;cor"C j\I. Ralluiifll — (). K. .Alartiii 301 mother on Bridgeport hill. Here he eontinued till February 12, 1894, when he went into the meat business with Wm. Garred. At the end of the lirst year he l^ought out Mr. Garred and has since continued the business at the same stand Tn the "Neck." In connection with this he has also been con- ducting a real estate business for the past two years, tlu- linn name now being Marshall &■ Hart. He served one term as mercantile appraiser of Fayette County. IK- has also served his party as central committeeman, being a staunch Republican. The borough has honored him with the oftice of member of the board of edvica- tion and he is at present serving his sixth year as a cottncilman. He is a man of exceptional energy and executive ability and endowed with that degree of public spirit that fosters every commendable public enterprise that is for the betterment of the community. On October 1, 1890. he married Miss Emily, daughter of William and Jane Swan of Luzerne Township, Fayette County. Pa., and to them have been born live children, namely Jane, Henry, William, Harold, and Ruth, (deceased) . ^^__^ George M. Rathmell is a son of John Jacob and Anna (Mathews) Rath- mell, and was born March 9, 1865, in Bridgeport, Pa., where he received his education and where he has always resided. After completing his education he secured a position as clerk in the drug store of H. W. Robinson where he remained for about ten years. He then commenced the drug business for himself at his present place of lousiness with his brother A. Ross Rathmell as partner, and success has crowned their efforts. George M. Rathmell has taken an active part in the politics of his town and county and is at present a member of the Repviblican C\-ntral Committee. He has served as member of the board of education and is at present a member of the Bridgeport borough council. Oliver Knight Martin was born in Bridgeport, Fayette County, Penn- sylvania, February 14, 1874, and is a son of James and Kate (Norcross) Martin. He received his education in the public schools of Bridgeport and after finishing the common-school course, he commenced working at the carpenter trade at which he has ever since been engaged. While Mr. Martin has never aspired to office, his popularity is shown m the fact that his fellow-citizens honored him with the position of councilman in 1898 and have kept him in that position ever since, having re-elected him again for a three-year term in the spring of 1904. He is a young man of energy and ability and is bound to make his mark in the world. B. R. A. TiLGHMAN, was born in Bridgeport, Fayette County. Pa., May 10, 1862, and was educated in the public schools of the borough. He is the son of Richard and Mary E. Tilghman. For some years Mr. Tilghman followed mining but for the last twenty years he has been engaged as cook at the different hotels and is an expert in that line. Mr. Tilghman is a Re])uVilican in politics and has always taken an active 302 Edwin P. Couse — Dr. A. C. Smith interest in public affairs. He is now serving his fifth year as councilman of the borough of Bridgeport and has served as clerk of elections, inspector of elections and in other minor elective and appointive offices. Edwin Philips Couse was born in Sandy Creek Township, Mercer County Pa., February 20, 1868, and received his education in the common schools at Grove City and at Allegheny College graduating with the class of 1889. He is a son of William P. and Sarah (Philips) Couse. Mr. Covise spent his early days on the farm and in the lumbering business and subsequently taught school several terms. He then entered the field of journalism at which he is still engaged. For ten years he was telegraph editor of the Pittsburg Leader. He was also on the reportorial staff for two years. In November, 1902 he came to Brownsville and purchased the Monitor which he has since conducted with great success. Mr. Couse is a Republican but has never aspired to public office though he is now serving as clerk of the Bridgeport council. In 1894, Mr. Couse was married to Miss Henrietta Emma Miller, daughter of the late Squire James and Ruth (Cannon) Miller, and now resides a't the old palatial Miller Homestead in Bridgeport. Mr. and Mrs. Couse have three children, Catherine Emily, James Miller, and Edwm Philips, Jr. Dr. Alfred C. S.mith is a son of James R. and Mary J. (Rvburn) Smith and was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, Septcmper 29, 1864. He was raised on the farm and received his early education in the common schools of his neighborhood, afterwards graduating from Sterling Medical College at Columbus, Ohio, and from the Kentucky School of Medicine at Louisville. Dr. Smith continued working on the farm till 1886 when he went into the drug business and commenced the study of medicine attending and gradu- ating from the colleges above named. In 1898 he commenced the practice of medicine at which he has since continued and at which he has met with phenomenal success. He is a RepubUcan but has never sought political preferment, being too closely wed to his profession. He is now serving as a member of the Bridge- port board of health, served for a time as president of the board and. 'is now secretary. James H. Gr.^y was born in Bedford County, Pennnsylvania, October 15, 1844, and is the son of John S. and Catharine S. (Izer) Gray. ' When he was yet ^luite young his parents moved to West Brownsville where he re- ceived his early education. On leaving school, he learned the trade of ship carpenter and worked at that business with John S. Pringle, Pringle & Axton and with S. S. Brown in Pittsburg, till December 1897, when he quit ship- building and went into the grocery business in A\-hich he is still engaged on Front Street, Bridgeport, Pa. He served as school director from 1894 to 1899 and was again elected in A. 31. Sarj^^eiit — (tL'o. ],. Stewart :j03 1902 and is still serving in thai ra,.aeily. Ik- also scrvc-d as health officer for Bridgeport from 1S9S to l',)()2. In 18l)() Mr. Gray married Miss May E. Wood, daughter ot Aaron and Lhza (Stewart) Wood To this union there was born one ehild, George M. Gray. Mr Gray's llrsl wife died and m 18SC. he marric.l Hattie W.-slon, daughter „f |ohn an.l (Gertrude (Seholl) Weston. They have one c-hild, a daughter, lulna G. Gra>-. VtKisox M. Sargent of Bridgeport, is a son of James and Isal.ella Sar- crcnt He was born January U), 1800, m Zollersville, Washington Ce.unty, Pa. In 1881 he came to Bridgeport, and engaged for two years in the grocery business. After selling his grocery he began teaming. In the spring of 1885 he engaged in the livery business, m the stable owned bv E H Bar; it burned in 1880. In 1 S87 Mr. Sargent erected in Bridgei)ort a large livery stable. It Avas one of the hnest livery stables in the country, was weU stocked with a large lot of excellent horses, and was furnished wi th a large number of line carriages and buggies. The site was inirchased by the Monon- -ahela Railroad Companv when that road was built through Bridgeport and the building was removed . Mr. Sargen t then erected a still finer building farther up Dunlap's Creek where he still continues business. The upper story of this new building is fitted tip as a Ijilliard and pool room and is one of the finest m the Monongahela Valley. Mr. Sargent is now serving his second term as councilnian. Atrgust 20, 1881, Mr. Sargent married Miss Ella Allen, a daughter of Oliver Allen, a farmer residing near Brownsvihe, They hiiw one child, Annie M.. now the wife of Ray Rush. George L. Stewart was born in Bridgeport, Fayette County, Pa.. August 17, 1851 and has made his home here ever since. He is a son of James and Sarah (Leaman) Stewart and received his education m the Bridgeport schools. After leaving school he entered the carriage painting shop of J. N. House in Washington Pa., and learned the trade of carriage painting at which he continued for twenty-four years, principally in Bridgeport. He is now con- tracting house and sign painter and is both successful and popular. Mr. Stewart is a Republican and while always interested in matters politic, has not aspired to rffice and has held no office outside of the municipahty in wrhich he lives. Here, however, he has freciuently been selected by his neigh- bors and friends to do public duty, having served for some time as councilman and for the last ten or eleven years as member of the school board. He married Miss Mary Ehzabeth Mclntire, and to them have been born four children, Robert J., Hazel D., Floe and May Agnes Fleming. William DeLaney is a son of Daniel and Bathia (Redman) DeLaney, and was born in Bridgeport March 10, 1 800. He received his early education in the Bridgeport schools and worked at marble cutting with the firm of T. S. Wright from 1883 to 1894. From 1890 to 1899 he was a partner with his brother Chas. R. DeLaney in the steam laundry that stood on High sot A. D. Lockhart — J. S. Lindy Street near the Cumberland Presbyterian church, which was destroyed bv firein]899. In 1900 he commenced working for the Hamburger distillery and is still engaged with them. Mr. DeLaney is a Repviblican bvit has never taken a very active part in politics. ' In the sjiring of 1904 he was elected assessor to succeed L. C. Waggoner. Alexander Duncan Lockhart is a son of John S. and Margaret (Neblo) Lockhart and was born in Jefferson Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, March 2, 1846. He received his education in the little brick schoolhouse in the village of Luzerne and has followed farming and vegetable gardening most of his time. Mr. Lockhart is a Republican and is at present a member of the school board and also a member of the board of health. John Stanley Lindy is the son ot John and Christine (Mathties) Lindy and was born in Bridgeport, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, January 1, 1844. He was educated in the Bridgeport schools and has followed carpentering most of his time. He is a Republican bvit has never aspired to office though he is now serving as street coiTimissioner of Bridgeport. In 1SS2 he married Miss Catharine Willard, daughter of Samuel and Lcatha (Hamilton) Willard. To this union were born William and Peria AHce. Rev. Richard Henry Bumry is a native of King George County, Virginia, and was educated for the ministry in Howard's University, Washington, D. C. He is now pastor of the A. M. E. Church in Bridgeport and is a well-posted man and a leader of his people. While Rev. Bumry is a Republican, he has never sought political pre- ferment, devoting all his tiine to the ministr^^ bvit without solicitation on his part, he was last spring elected a member of the board of education for one year. February 20, 1884, in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, he married Miss Jennie B. Hogan, and to this union there have been born four children, Richard H., Arnold A., William C, and Julia. Eli Cope is a son of Israel and Susan (Patton) Cope and was born in Jefferson Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, April 24, 1856. Mr. Cope is of English descent his remote ancestors having come from W^iltshire, England, with William Penn in 1681 or 1682. Oliver Cope, who came over with William Penn, had before coming, bought about five hundred acres of land from Penn, in the eastern part of the state and it is from Oliver Cope that all the Copes of Pennsylvania seem to have descended. Eli Cope, the direct subject of this sketch is of the sixth generation of the Cope family and the 1,137th member of the Cope family in direct descent from Oliver. Robert Buffington — Win. Lev}- 305 Eli (.'oiK' ivcrisi'il his ('(hication in \])c \\>]<\-av IIill stDiic sclioolhousc in IcfftTscni Townshi]), and rcnu-iini'd on the farm until \\c was 2(1 years of a<^t'. In 1X77 he was eleeled eonstable nf Ji'fUTson 'i"N. (^y ^V U/ \\S xM \h ^^^ ^ Financial Institutions of the Three Towns THE NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK. The National Deposit Bank was first oi^ganized in 1872 as the Brownsville Deposit and Discount Bank, with the following officers: William Cotton, President; Samuel Thompson, Vice President; O. K. Taylor, Cashier. The first Board of Directors were, William Cotton, Samuel Thompson, O. K. Taylor, W^illiam Worrell, Samtiel VanHook, Joseph Farquhar, Joseph B. Wells, Joseph S. Elliott and William H. Miller. In 1880 the institution was reorganized under the title of the National De- posit Bank, with the following officers: William Cotton, President; Samuel Thompson, Vice President; O. K. Taylor, Cashier. Directors: William Cotton, Samuel Thompson, O. K. Taylor, Joseph S. Elliott, Paul Hough, William H. Miller and Joseph Farquhar. In 1872, they commenced business on Bank Street, Bridgeport, adjoining the site of the present elegant home of the bank, which was rebuilt in 1900 and fitted up in the most convenient manner and fvirnished with all the modern ecjuipments of a first-class banking house in the larger cities, including an impregnable vault on the inside of which double security is afforded valuables by strong boxes and safes of the most modern design and where there are also numerous safe deposit boxes, the same as you will find in metropolitan banks. While the policy of the National Depost Bank is liberal, its interests are guarded by experienced financiers, chief among them being O. K. Taylor, for a long time cashier and now vice president, and his son, Samuel E. Taylor, the present cashier, father and son having held this imj.iortant position to the entire satisfaction of the stockholders continuously since the bank com- menced business, a little over thirty-two years ago. That the policy of the bank has not only been safe, but exceedingly progressive, is shown by the fact that while it has only been in business a little over thirty- two years, in the Roll of Honor of national banks in the United States, it today stands first in the town, second in the county, seventh in the state of and thirteenth in the United States. The significance of this rating or standing will be more fully comprehended after reading the following explanation: The "Roll of Honor" of the National Banks of the United States is a table prepared by "The New York Financier" from the statements made by the Comptroller of the Currency, the date chosen being September, the state- ments made then being published in a large volume by the Government. To secure a place on the Roll of Honor, a bank must show surplus and tmdividcd profits equal to or in excess of its capital stock^ — that is, assuming the capital The National Deposit liank 319 to be one hundred per cent., the profits and surplus must exceed that per- centage. In other words, a Roll of Honor bank has on hand, in the form of surplus and profits, an amount larger than its capital. A bank's numerical order on the Roll, is based on the percentage of surplus and pi^ofits to capital. According to the last annual report of the Comptroller of the Currency, there were 4,G01 banks in operation, under National Charters. Of these, only 592 are entitled to positions on the Roll, and to find the National Deposit Bank occupying the thirteenth place in this Roll after a career of only thirty- two years, is a record of which the officials of the bank and the people of the Three Towns may well feel proud. The present officials of the bank are, Joseph S. Elliott, President; O. K. Taylor, Vice President; Samuel E. Taylor, Cashier; James R. Taylor, Assist- ant Cashier. The directors are, Joseph S. Elliott, O. K. Taylor, T. H. Thomp- son, E. S. Hackney, Robert W. Thompson, George M. Rathmcll, Jackson L. Thompson. As further evidence of the flattering resttlts of the management of the affairs of the National Deposit Bank, we publish the following which is the report of the bank at the close of business September G, 1904: RESOURCES. Loans and Discounts $935,251 . 02 Overdrafts 3,41 1 . 23 IT. S. Bonds to Secure Circulation 50,000. 00 Real Estate, Furniture, etc 35,000. 00 Other Real Estate 2,198.42 Cash and Exchange 189,487 . 01 Redemption Fund with U. S. Treasurer 2,500 . 00 Total $1,217,847.68 LI.-\BILITIES. Capital Stock ' $ 50,000 . 00 Surplus Fund 250,000.00 Undivided Profits 31,031.29 National Bank Notes Outstanding 50,000. 00 Dividends Unpaid 2,000. 00 Deposits 834,816.39 Total $1,217,847.68 PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL DEPOSIT BANK. Joseph S. Elliott is the son of James Elliott, whose father, William, came into Fayette County from AVestmoreland County at an early day, and had what is now called "the Old Elliott homestead," in Jcft'erson Township, President of Xational I )e])().sit Ikink 321 Joseph S. Klliott patented. His wife was Ruth Crawford. They had eleven children. James was the fifth child and only son who grew to manhood, and was born in Jefferson Township, April 25, 1785, and was a farmer. June 3, 1813, he married Mary Ctmningham, of Rostraver Township, Westmoreland Cotmty. They had ten children, Wilham, James C, Edward J., Robert, Mary A., Joseph S., Alexander, Sarah R., and Martha, all of whom grew to mattirity. Joseph S. ElHott, was born in the old Elliott homestead, Jefferson Township, Fayette Co., Pa., April 18, 1827. His business education gathered from ob- servation and contact with bvisiness men, is excellent. He was married Oct. 7, 1852, to Nancy J. Forsythe. They have six children — William F., married to Laura A. Wells; Violette H., married to Joseph A. Cook; Oliphant P., married to Dora Graser; Ida J., married to W. H. Graeser; Eva M., now dead, and Gracie F., married to Wm. Woods, Republican nominee for the Legislature in this county. Mr. Elhott spent his early life upon his father's farm. In 1850 he began work for himself upon the farm where he now resides, and has ever since 322 The Monongahela National Bank been engaged in farming and stock dealing. He is a shrewd, energetic, successfvil business man, one of the real business men of the county. He makes money and enjoys it, and has one of the most comfortable homes in the county. He has no church record, but is a liberal supporter of all causes which he deems worthy. His business status among those who know him is as good as need be. He has held the usual township offices intrusted to business men in a business township, and is at present presi- dent of the National Deposit Bank of Brownsville. His possessions are chiefly stocks and lands. He owns a thousand acres of as good land as there is in Westei-n Pennsylvania. He has made his own fortune, with the assistance of a most excellent wife, who died in 1903. Mrs. Elliott was a lady of rare general intelHgence, and had a wider knowledge of the require- ments of business life than have most ladies, and had always eagerly united with her husband in his various enterprises, while at the same time paying special attention to domestic affairs. A lesson for the young men of Fayette County may be gleaned from Mr. Elliott's career in the fact that he began with but little means, and contrary to Horace Greeley's well-known advice to young men, refused to " go West, " he holding that a dollar earned here in a settled country is worth two wrought out in the far West. So he settled down in Jefferson Township, and went into debt in the purchase, against the judgment of his neighbors one and all, of the "Tark farm, " feeling that if he could not make a great sum of money on it he could at least so manage as to make of it a good practical savings bank, which would on sale render up whatever deposits he might make in if, and by ex- treme industry, by tact in management, and by possessing himself of and applying the best arts of agriculture, under a system of mixed farming, in- cluding the raising of sheep for their fleeces, etc., demonstrate that Fayette County is as good a land as any in the West, or an^'^vhere else, to be at home in and grow up to fortune. THE MONONGAHELA NATIONAL BANK. The Monongahela National Bank had its inception May 12, 1812, when 156 business and professional men and farmers of Brownsville and adjacent territory, met and signed articles of agreement, binding themselves to "raise a fund to assist the farmer, manufacturer, trader, mechanic and exporter in the purchase of such articles as they raise, manufacture, deal in and ex- port, and to associate and form themselves into a company to be called the Monongahela Bank of Brownsville." Under this agreement the business of the bank was carried on until Sep- tember 14, 1814, when a charter was obtained from the state. The first election under the charter was held October 6th of the same year, and later, all the business of the old association was transferred to the chartered in- stitution, which retained and did business tmder the old name. Jacob Bowman was the first president and William Troth the first cashier. The bank began business vmder the new charter, December, 1814, in a build- Presidents and Cashiers 323 ing on Front Street, which it occupied for nearly sixty years, removing to a more commodious banking house in 1873. PRESIDENTS. Jacob Bowman served as president of the bank until 1S4:5. when lie re- signed on account of advanced age, and was succeeded by h,s son, James L. Bowman, who held the position until his death, in 1857. Goodloe H. Bow- man served from '57 to '74, and was succeeded by George E. Hogg, who served until 1888, when Gibson Bmns was elected and filled the position until 1893, when the present incumbent, C. L. Snowdon, was elected. CASHIERS. Wilham Troth, the first cashier, died m 181G, and was succeeded by John T McKenna who served until his death, in 1830, when Goodloe H. Bowman was elected and served until 1842, when he resigned. His successor was David S. Knox, father of our present United States Senator Knox. In 187-:> Mr Knox died, and was succeeded by William Parkhill, who filled the position until 1880, when William Ledwith was elected and served until 1888 W. A. Edmiston was elected July, 1888, and stih retains the position. BECOMES A NATIONAL BANK. In January 18G4. the institution was reorganized under the requirements of th^ National Banking Law, as the Monongahela National Bank, with an authorized capital of $500,000.00 and a paid-up capital of $100,000.00, WELL-KNOWN PEOPLE CONNECTED WITH IT. Manv illustrious names have been connected with the bank as officers, directors, shareholders, and depositors. The Blames, Bowmans, Hoggs. Conwells, Abrams, Breadings, Ewings, Millers, Browns, Brashears, McKen- nas Baileys, Binns, Crafts, Crawfords, Clarks, Dawsons, Gallaghers, Snow- dons Goes Hawkins, Higinbothams, Hancocks, Krepps, Knoxs, Jacobs, Tohn'stons, Lilleys, Marchands, Philhps, Rogers, Stewarts, Sowers, Shumans, Stephens Sweitzers, Thorntons. Taylors, Wests and Woodwards, have more than a local reputation as merchants, financiers, lawyers, doctors, educators, poHticians and statesmen, and ah have taken a pride in, and given their best efforts to make the Monongahela Bank the strong financial institution that it is today. NEW HOME. The crradual shifting of the commercial interests of Brownsville to the Neck i^ade it necessary for the bank to change its location, and m order to accommodate its patrons the present handsome home was erected right m the bvisiness center. 324 Second National Bank A MAGNIFICIENT RECORD. The Monongahela National Bank is justly proud of its record. Financial storms have swept the country time and again during the ninety years of its existence, but while other institutions went' down in the gales, the old Mo- nongahela stood firm as a rock. The bank, since it was chartered in 1814, until the present time, has always redeemed its notes in gold. The bank began the payment of dividends in May, 1813, and they have been paid continuously, without a single break. The bank has paid $1,049,- 000,00 in dividends during its existence, and in addition, has accumulated a surplus fund nearly equal to its capital stock. The present officers are, C. L. Snowden, President; H. W. Robinson, Vice President; W. A. Edmiston, Cashier; T. A. Waggoner, Teller; the directors are C. L. Snowden, H. W. Robinson, Dr. H. J. English, William Cock, Harvey J. Steele, Eli Bar, W. A. Edmiston, L. C. Waggoner, M. A. Cox. SECOND NATIONAL BANK OF BROWNSVILLE. The Second National Bank was first organized as the First National Bank, on the 19th day of August, LSGo, for 19 years. The law under which the bank was organized was approved February 25, 1863. Banks chartered under its provision were to run 20 years. But it was ruled by the Treasury Department that the 20 years were to run from the day the Act became a law, hence some of the banks first organized were chartered for 19 years, and among these were the First National Bank of Brownsville. Afterwards the Department reversed its ruling and banks thereafter were chartered for the full 20 yeai-s. The charter therefore of the First National Bank would have expired by limitation on the 19th day of August, 1882. The bank, however, went into voluntary liquidation on the second day of May, 1882. Though the bank was organized in August, as above stated, it did not begin to do any business until in November, 1863, on the 24th day. The reason for the bank going into voluntary liquidation was to save the expense of appointing a receiver to wind up its affairs. This step was taken at the suggestion of the Comptroller of Currency. By this plan the entire expense of winding up its affairs was only $250, while if a receiver had been appointed it would no dovibt have cost the stockholders several thousand dollars. From this it will appear that the policy adopted was a wise one. There was another reason, however, for this step, which may as well be stated here. No law at this time was passed by which banks could extend their charter. The session of Congress was far advanced and it was the opinion of those who were in position to know best that no law would be passed dtiring the re- mainder of the session. The Comptroller of the Cvirrency declared that such was his opinion, and the one generally accepted in the Treasury Depart- ment. These were the reasons that led the Directors to put the bank in process of licpiidation. The bank did business for about 18 vears and six Italian Bank 325 months, durins^ which tinu' il nuulc aiuJ (ln.'hu\(l lo llic stccl^liuldcrs o7 scini- anntial dividends, fourteen o{ whieh were (i ]:er cent., lifteen 5 per cent., five 4 per cent, and three 'A jjcr cent. 'I'lie ."i ]K-r eint. di\'idends were made dm"ing the time (iccupied in l>niler cent, paid to tin- slcclsholdi-rs dm'inj^ its intire existence was ten and one- twelftli i)er cent. Il nexcr jjassed a di\-id(.ntl jurictl witliout making a divi- dend. And in adthtion thereto a large surplus fund was laid by. The nominal sur])lus fund accumulated was $48, 000, but from losses it was re- duced to $42,500. This large sum was laid l.)y nut of its earnings after paying expenses, the dixidends made and the losses ])aid, on a capital stock of $75,000, with only $50,000 for the first two years of its existence. The losses were not light, being $44,547.26. Its expense account for the entire period of its existence for taxes, salaries, and incidental expenses was $75,601.62. When it closed U]), it paid liack to each stockholder $156.61 for each $100 of stock owned. The Second National commenced business in 1882 and has made a wonder- ful record of safe, efificient and profitable banking since that time. It now has a eajiital of $1(10, (100 and a surplus and undivided profit account of $55,000. The present officers of the 1)ank are, S. S. Graham, Prtsidtnt; W. J. Stew- art, Vice President; M. G. Bulger, Cashier; C. B. Edmiston, Teller. ITALIAN BANK. Rosie Poletz, Notary Public and Italian banker is also located in the "Neck," Brownsville, and does a good liusincss in steamship tickets and foreign exchange among his many cotmtrymen. He has been located in Brownsville for many years and is (juite ]u)])ular among Americans as well as his own people. He also conducts an extensix-e fruit business, wholesale and retail. The fruit business is principally conducted or managed by his most estimable wife. HUNGARIAN BANK. Peter Rvitsek's Hungarian Bank recently estaljlished does a good business among the people of that nationality in this section of the comity and there are many of them. He is located in the " Neck. "' It is a branch of a similar banking institution at Uniontown. SLAVISH BANK. J . C. Majerchak caters to the Avants of the Slavish people in banking busi- ness and is also agent for variotts steamship lines. He does a large exchange business as do all the foreign bankers. His bank is located in Postofifice building, Brownsville. Educational History First Schools and Early Educators — Inconveniences of our Fore- fathers IN Securing an Education — Brownsville Schools in Olden Times — Present Schools, School Buildings and Teachers — List of Pupils Now Attending Schools in the Three Towns with Group Pictures of all the Rooms — Pictures of County Superintendents AND Teachers. BROWNSVILLE SCHOOLS A CENTURY AGO. On the spot which is now occupied by the rectory of Christ Church, there stood, about a century ago, a small frame building, erected by subscription as early as 1805 or perhaps even earlier than that, which was the first house in Brownsville erected expressly for school purposes. Previous to this, small schools had been taught in private residences. The earliest of whom we can learn, was a Mr. DeWolf, who seems to have been succeeded by Rev. Wheeler, a Baptist ininister. A Mr. Scott also seems to have taught school in Brown- ville about that time. Robert Ayers, James Johnston, a Mr. McConnell, Edward Byrne, Dr. Samuel Chalfant, Joshua Gibbons, and William Y. Roberts were also among the early teachers in Brownsville. FIRST SCHOOL HOUSES. The first school house erected for exclusive school purposes under the school law of 1834, was built in 1836. It was located on Church Street near the present Union school building. Another schoolhouse was built on the public grounds on Front Street, opposite the residence of N. B. Bowman. The Town Hall was also used for school purposes as appears by the records. YOUNG LADIES' SEMINARY. A Miss Crawford had a Young Ladies' Seminary in the Town Hall about the year 1843. The first Union school building was erected about the breaking out of the war of the rebellion at a cost of over $10,000. G. L. Osborne was the first principal in the new building. Mrs. Charlotte Smyth conducted a Young Ladies' Seminary in the old stone house once occupied by George Boyd. She commenced in 1866 and continued for about five years. 328 List of Teachers and Pupils PRESENT TEACHERS AND PUPILS. ROOM No. L Teacher, Miss Jessie Robinson. Addis, Lizzie Addis, Francis Barish, Charley Burkhart, Howard Cross, Jones Calleus, Elmer Crable, Russell Crable, Wallace Crable, Wendall Cushenberry, Eddie Chew, Ray Claybaugh, Louis Cross, Charlie Crable, Flo Cline, Agnes Cunningham, Agatha Cherry, Pauline Crable, Cassy Crable, Jane Davis, Charlie Frank, Chas. Fisher, William Gabler, Harold Glover, Harry Hicks, Stanley Hill, Mathew Hall, Eliza Horkey, Anna Hill, NeUa Harrison, Effie Iker, Harry Iker, Clarence Johnston, Lizzie Jones, Lizzie Koon, Flo Labin, James Luda, Elizabeth Luda, Matilda Lash, Margaret Meese, Louis Madera, Bruce McMillan, Cora Marchon, Lizzie Rankin, Cary Rankin, Francis Stawn, Cathryn Sekedo, Mary Smith, Leuda Schaffer, Helen Wetzel, Robert Watson, Hobart Wyley, Priscilla Yates, Bert ROOM No. 2. Teacher, Miss Nora Craft. Bennett, Lea Crable, Audley Crable, Kennedy Crable, Orziela Davis, James Davis, David Duff, James Fredina, Peter Falcone, Batist Falcone, Mary Frank, Wendall Fox, Jane Garrad, Bernard Glover, Clarence Greaves, Athel Hormell, Graham L,i.st of Teachers and l'ii])ils 329 Hyatt, Kathryn Hotkey, Velma Inghram, George Inghrani, Grace Inghram, Pearl Jones, Joe Johnston, Andy Jones, Dave Lash, Ellen Miller, George Muler, John Meese, Lottie Meechem, Helen Marks, Helen McCoy, Nora Niel, Frank Patterson, Howard Pastorius, Ellen Roher, Charlie Spiker, Elmer Strawn, Caroline Smith, Mary Stannard, Margaret Swan, Katie Swan, Martha Vickers, Nellie ROOM No. 3. ' Teacher, Mrs. Effie Shaw. Brashear, Donald Crable, Evert Carmack, Graham Chalfant, Alex Coulter, Carolin Coulter, Margaret Cullens, Gertie Cox, Grace Cushenberry, Madeline Dulualy, Kathrj^n Gregg, Flint Fisher, Florence Hicks, Acle Herky, Steve Inghram, Anna Joliff, Fallie Lynch, Bernard Long, Sarah Ledwith, Mary Meese, Frank Moorhouse, Eddie Marchion, John Marchion, Mary Mardorff, Mary Meese, Helen Madera, Helen Marks, Wilda Pastorious, MoUie Ross, Hazel Ramage, D ester Smith, Steven Smothers, Espy Stevenson, Martha Scott, Mary Smalley, Lillian Taylor, Nevil Wiley, George Wordman, Thos. Wheeler, Charlie Whetzel, Edna Watson, Helen ROOM No. 4. Teacher, Miss Kate Mechem Baker, Rea Burkhart, Bessie Barish, Ausly Daugherty, George Dusenberry, Ina Fox, Willie BROWNSVILLE SCHOOL TKACHRRS Kate Mechem Mary Johnson Jessie Robinson Prof. C. Gregg: Lewellyn Flora McGiiity Mrs. Effie Shaw- Nora Craft List of Teachers and Pupils 341 Fox, Sarah Hardwick, AiuUcv Harrison, Russell Honesty, Adam Hibbs, Silvia Hall, Mary Harrison, Elizabeth Iker, Anna Johnston, George Jones, Dave Jacobs, Kathryn Long, Charlie Long, Willie Long, Fred Labin, Thomas Linn, Mable Luft, Katie Meechem, Frank McManus, Leo Meese, Isaac Mason, Roljert Marshall, Celia McAlleese, Clara McManus. Theresti Mason, 1'] lean or Porter, Eli/aljelh Richie, Helen Snowdon, Mary Smallcy, Ruth Sleicker, Dot Spiker, Anna Sharratt, Katie Smothers. Ada Thomas, Grace Thomas, William Whetzel, Claud Whetzel, Winnie Whetzel, Nelson Wheeler, Mary Watson, Marie ROOM No. 5. Teacher, Miss Flor.\ McGinty. Ambrose, Temp. Bowman, John Bea, Jonny Barish, Mary Bowman, Ella Curl, Sadie Claggett, Martha Crable, Ellen Fear, Hazel, Greaves, Nora Huston, Smith Hicks, Hettie Hormell, Sara Johnston, Annie Kennedy, Stanley Kisinger, Lillian Labin, Alex Labin, Richard Ledwith, Margaret Moyers, Karl Madera, Mary Roher, Wallace Snowdon, John Smith, Elgia Snowdon. Rosa Trelish. Wm. Taylor, Oliver Thomas, Bessie Murray, James Tredius, Rosa Underwood, Aquilla Underwood, John Vickers, George Vickers, John Washington, Lawrence Waugaman, Ezra Williams, Mamie Williams, Kitty Webb, Bessie Zimmcr. Edna 342 List of Teachers and Pupils ROOM No. G. Teacher, Miss Anna Kisinger. Baird, Helen Cox, Lillian Chew, Lucy Ctillens, Frank Caryell, Frank CraiDle, Rob Campbell, Earl Campbell, Carl Crable, Clara Corey, Beatrice Fisher, Mary Gabler, Louise Gregg, Marie Grafinger, Blanche Hibbs, Margaret Hibbs, Genevieve Hick, Howard Inghram, Elta Inghram, Ruth Jones, Tommy Koon, Russell Kirker, Duncan Kirker, James Ledwith, Wm. Mason, Margaret Meese, Theresa Meechem, John McAleese, James Moorhouse, Nelson Porter, Alice Paluig, Dale Pastorius, Frank Shaw, Helen Spiker, Clyde Whetzel, John Williams, Russell ROOM No. 7. Teacher, Miss Margaret Fishburn. Baird, Charley Baker, Nellie Claggett, Helen Cullens, Chella Chadwick, Mattie Dawson, Beatrice Fox, George Gribble, Allison Gabler, Willie Hut ton, Earl Hyatt, Hazel Hawkins, Gertrude Kisinger, Arlie Labin, Mathew Marshall, Katie Mardorff, Paul McMillan, Katie Porter, Duncan Polety, Thomas Pastorious, Pearl Ross, Fanny Roberts, Blanche Snyder, Elmer Snowdon, Junior Steele, Lawrence Thomas, Jessie Whetzel, Homer Zunier, Bertha ROOM No. 8. Teacher, Miss Mary Johnson. Bricker, Olive Bowman. Marv Breckenridge, John Cherry, Marv Two IvCaves I'roni a I^edger 343 Donaldson, Thomas Gablcr, Raymon Gabler, Elsie Garrad, Albert Gribble, Ina Gregg, Aubrey Hibbs, Edith Htiston, Holmes Huston, McCready Hyatt, Walter Long, Mary Medley, Edith McCullough, Charlotte McAleese, Anna Meechcm, Blanche Power, Elsie Stiveson, Bessie Taylor, Alan Whetzel, Ada ROOM No. 9. Teacher, Prof. C. Gregg Lewellyn, Principal. Graduating Class. Coldren, Will Movers, Goldie Hawkins, Delia Risbeck, Frank TWO LEAVES FROM A LEDGER. The following from a ledger of Daniel N. Robinson, shows entries during 1833 and from it some idea can be formed of the princely salaries paid teachers at that date. The entries are self-explanatory: 1835. DR. To Cash paid Misses Crawford for three Mo. teaching $60.00 Mrs. Coulter ' 30.00 Miss Craven " " " " 36 . 00 David Clark • " " " " 72 . 00 W. B. Rose " " " " 72.00 I. C. Gamble " " " " 48.00 Rent of School Room to Mrs. Rogers 5 . 25 D. Clarke Ditto 6 . 25 Mrs. Coulter " 3 . 25 Misses Crawford " 5 . 38^ Miss Craven " 3 . 75 Geo. Hogg & Co. for two Blank Books 37h Cash remaining in Treasurv 38. 11 $380.37 1836. April 25. To allowance for disbursing at the rate of ten dollars per year to be computed only for the length of time the School continues for three months, this vear $2.50 344 Two Leaves From a Ledger 1835. CR. By this term from W. Wilkinson $ 1 . SO " from E. Abrams, Coll 43.00 " 27.00 " 25 . 00 " donation from Thispian Societj^ 5.00 " from Crawford County Treas. State Appropriation 83.07 " from Crawford County in part of County Appropriation. . 100 . 00 " E. Abrams, Coll 31 . 00 * 5.00 " 28 00 " 31.50 380.37 1836. April 25. By cash remaining in Treasurj^ $38 . 1 1 Dan N. Robinson, Treasurer, E. E. April 25th, 1836. BIOGRAPHY OF PRINCIPAL Prof. C. Gregg Lewellyn, now the popular and efhcient principal of the Brownsville public schools, was born in Masontown, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1874, and is a son of L. E. and Sarah Ellen (Hague) Lewellyn. He received his education in the public schools of his native borough, in the California, Pa., Normal schools and in the Indiana, Pa., Normal, and has followed teach- ing continuously since graduating from the latter institution. Professor Lewellyn has successfully held the position of principal in the schools of Elco, Granville, West Newton High School, and is now serving a three-year term as principal of the Brownsville schools. IvXClvLvSIOR I,ITI<;R.\RV SOCIirrV— i86S See list of names on next page 346 Excelsior Literary Society EXCELSIOR LITERARY SOCIETY. One of the most popular and active literary societies that ever held the boards in this section of the countrj-, was the Excelsior Literary Society that was organized in Brownsville in 1868. Shortly after the societj- was organized they repaired to the art studio of John Henr}^ Rodgers where W. D. Pratt is now located, and had a group picture taken. For one of these pictures we are indebted to Misses Emeline and Annie Lindy, now Mrs. Welch. T. Jeff Duncan was principal of the schools at that time and was President of the society. Miss Emeline Lindy was Secretary. They had a large and well selected library for the use of members of the society and met each week in the school building to discuss the leading topics of the day and settle with eloquence and logic, inooted questions. The following are the names of the members at the tine the above picture was taken, and now : Row 1. Top reading^ from left to right: 1, Bennet Moffitt; 2, Roland Nelan (Deceased); 3, Albert Swiiigler. Row 2. 1, Miss Celia Patterson; 2, Ed Winn; 3, Jos. Waggoner: 4, Albert Coburn; 5, John Brown; 6, Miss Jennie Adams, now Mrs. Frank Adams. Row 3. 1, Miss Sadie Huston, now Mrs. Joe Patton; 2, M. C. Mitchell; 3, William B\laud; 4, Miss Emeline Lindy; 5, Miss Annie I.indj-, now Mrs. Robert Welsh; 6, "William Porter (Deceased); 7, Miss Caroline Porter. Row 4. 1, Charles Crawford; 2, Miss Lizzie Wright, now Mrs. Arthur Swearer; 3, T. Jeff Dinican; 4, Newton Porter; 5, John Wi.se. Row ,'). 1, Miss Kate Herd, married Robert Graham (Decea.sed); 2, John Winn: 3, Seaborn Crawford (Deceased); 4, William Weaver (Deceased); 5, James 'SI. Aubrey; 6, Charles Crawford; 7, Miss Mary Huston, now Mrs. John Booth. Row 6. 1, Miss Carrie Bell; 2, James Bell; 3, Jeremiah Dawson: 4, John Booth; 5 .Samuel Crawford; 6, Miss Lizzie Wilkinson. Row 7. 1, Bowman Shuman; 2, J. D. S. Pringle; 3, Charles Church. BIOGRAPHY OF PRINCIPAL Prof. J. F. Snyder, the present efficient principal of the Bridgeport schools, is a son of I. B. and Mary (McCall) Snyder, and was born in Foxburg, Clarion County, Pennsylvania, June 21, 1872. Shortly after this his parents moved to Cooperstov^m, Venango County, Pennsylvania, where he attended the public schools and laid the foundation for his ftiture educational work. After completing the course in the common schools, he took a course in the Clarion County Normal school, graduating froin that institution in 1893. He then taught school for several terms and next entered Bucknell University from which he gradtiated in 1899. In 1900 Professor Snyder was principal of the Monongahela schools and in 1901 he came to Bridgeport and assumed the duties of the principalship of the schools of this borough which position he has ever since filled with entire satisfaction to the patrons of the schools and honor to himself. Professor Snj^der is a close student and devotes much of his time to re- search. He has also invaded the field of invention and has developed several useful and ingenious mechanical devices. Bridgeport Schools For some years after small schools had begtm to be taught al irregular intervals in Brownsville, Bridgeport had none, and consequently during that period such of the scholars of the last-named place, as attended school at all, were compelled to ci'oss Dunlap's Creek to do so. QUAKERS THE PIONEERS IN SCHOOLS. The first schools of Bridgeport were opened under the auspices of the Friends who lived there, and the earliest teacher of whom any knowledge can be gained at the present day was Joel Oxley, a Quaker, and a man of no little fame as a mathematician, who taught in a building that stood near the site of the Eclipse Mill. Another very early teacher was Eli Haynes. Joshua Gibbons spent fulh^ sixty years of his life in educational employment, teach- ing every year except when serving as county superintendent of schools, which office he filled for four terms of three years each, commencing as the first superintendent of the county tmder the school law of 1850. Two of his sons, James W. and Henry, are also successful teachers. FIRST SCHOOLHOUSE. Not only were the Quakers of Bridgeport the first to open a school in the town, but the fact is also to be recorded that the first building erected here especially as a schoolhousc was built by metnbers of the Society of Friends, on their grounds on Prospect Street. One of the teachers in this old stone house was Eli Haynes, above mentioned. The earliest reference to a schoolhouse found in the borough records of Bridgeport is under date of Jan 1st, 1815, being mention of the amount to be paid "to Israel Gregg for the expense of purchasing a lot and building a schoolhouse on Second Street, and to procure a deed and have it executed on behalf of the corporation.'' The schoolhouse here referred to was on the 29th of May, 1823, rented by the Council to John Stmnp for the term of three months, to be used for teaching a "subscription school," and on the 8th of September in the same year the borovigh schoolhouse (withotit doubt the same building referred to above) was rented to Charles VanHook for the term of six months. March 25, 1824, the schoolroom was rented to James Reynolds for three months; but, on the 21st of April following, he declined using it, and re- signed the privilege which had been granted to him. Three days later, Joel Oxley "requested the privilege of the use of the schoolhouse as a schoolroom for two years from the first day of May next," and on this application "the Burgess was directed to lease the same to Joel Oxley for the above term, reserving the customary privileges of the Council and to the Methodists as a Meetinghouse." 12 348 School Directors Appointed I'nder Law of 1S34 October 8, 1828, "Major King and James Reynolds applied for the tise of the schoolhovise " and the privilege was granted Reynolds. SCHOOL DIRECTORS APPOINTED UNDER THE LAW OF 1834. Under the public school law of 1834 the courts of the several counties in the state appointed school directors for each township district. At the January term of Fayette County Court, in 1835, Caleb Bracken and Joshua Wood were appointed as svich officers for Bridgeport. On the 15th of Jvtne following the Borough Council took action, ordering a tax of twenty-five cents on the $100, to be levied for the use of public schools, in addition to the tax levied by the cotmty comniissioners for that purpose. August 13, 1835, the township of Bridgeport complied with the requirements of the law, and so notified the county treasurer. The amotmt of money received from the State in that year for school ptirposes in Bridgeport was $39.78; received from the county of Fayette, $97.56. SECOND SCHOOLHOUSE. On the 6th of May, 1837, the Cotmcil took into consideration the question "of erecting a building on the west end of the Market House, to answer the double purpose of a Town Hall and School-House for the Borough," and a committee was appointed to act with the school directors in the matter, the Council agreeing to pay $200 toward the erection of the building. The committee contracted (June 0, 1837) with Joel Armstrong to build the hall and schoolhouse and on the 23d of April, 1838, the Council transferred the schoolhouse and lot to the school directors. V THE UNION SCHOOL BUILDING. In this old building the schools of the borough were taught until they were transferred to the present Union Schoolhouse, which was built in 1852-53, on a lot which was ptirchased for $400, located on Prospect Street, and being part of the grounds occupied by the old Friends schoolhouse. The cost of the Union Schoolhouse was $2,948.90, and of the furniture and fixtures, $1,150.85; making with the cost of the lot a total of $4,499.75. From No- vember 1854, the old stone schoolhouse was used for the schooling of colored pupils \intil 1875, when it was demolished and a new brick schoolhouse erected on the same lot. BRIDGEPORT HAS FIRST GRADED SCHOOLS. A history of the Three Towns schools woiild not be complete without special mention of the fact that here were organized the first graded schools west of the AUeghenies, except in Pittsburg and that immediate vicinity, and that grand and efficient teacher, Prof. L. F. Parker,' presided over them. ]5ri(l!4L'port Has l-irst ('.raded School :549 The first graded schools of Bridgeport commenced in September, lSo3, with Prof. Parker as principal. The move attracted universal attention and no little adverse criticism. Bridgeport was not a large town at that time and there were many who predicted failure. They said that if you get such a large crowd of boys together in one building they would Ijc immanage- able, and in fact would tear the building down. Their ])redictions did not prove correct, however, as Prof. Parker held the reins with a steady hand and the result was a grand success. He was backed by such men as the large hearted John Herbertson, the quiet, clear-headed Quaker, Dr. M. O. Jones; J. M. Carver, who thought much and said little; Mr. Leonard, the hard- working miller down on Dunlap's Creek; Robert Jones, who had time for his paper, for politics and for the school; and manj'' other equally good and true men. Those named were directors, however, and were more closely identi- fied with the estal)lishing of the graded schools. The assistant teachers in this first graded school also deserve much credit* Among them w^ere Mr. Thos. Page an elderly man who did excellent service; in the more advanced rooms were such young ladies as Miss Jones from Brownsville, as cheery as a sunbeam; Dorrie Jones, who could exhibit the best that was in her pupils: Rebecca Krepps, dignified as a princess, exact and compact in every word and thought; Virginia Morgan of Morgantown, and Mary Jane Henderson, all remembered with lionor. There was also Sabina Hopkins, whom the scholars liked so ^^'c]l that they asked the privilege to call lier " Bina," but finally compromised on "Teacher," and Mrs. Parker, who was a universal favorite. Bridgeport, herself, sent into the upper rooms of this graded school, many pupils who have rose to prominence. Among them may be mentioned, Harry S. Bennett, later and for many years a college professor; John Mason, afterwards a Chicago business man; J. Gibson Wood, later a lawyer in Topeka; William Bennett, two of the Gormleys, Thomas Hopkins, still in btisiness at Iowa Falls, Iowa; Michael Drum, the elocjuent orator, and others. There graduated from the upper room, too, such prominent young ladies as Mary Bennett, Sarah Bennett, Edith Bennett, Emeline Lindy, who shortly afterwards commenced teaching in the Bridgeport schools and continued with unparalleled success for fifty-one years, and finally refused to accept the position any longer, retiring last year. There was also Martha Fuller and a long list of others that can not here be named. From abroad came such scholars as Boyd Crumrine of Washington County, Thomas H. Wilkinson and Samuel Knox of Brownsville, Emmon Miller and his sister Ruth Anna Miller, the Darlingtons from the south edge of town, Helen Robinson, daughter of Dr. Robinson of Uniontown. -^ Prof. Parker was urged to run for County Superintendent in 185-i when that ofifice was first established. While he had not been in the State long enough to fill the office having come here fromOberlin, Ohio, the previous September, it was argued that the question could be delayed till he had completed a year's residence in Fayette County, and then get the State Superintendent to appoint him. He accepted the nomination but was TEACHERS. UNION SCIIOOT., I'.RIl X tI'-PORT Margaret Sproul Anna Wilkiiis I^ucy Homer Prof. J. K. Snyder May vSmiley Etta IJel.aney Elizabeth Bakewell Mrs. T. A. Jeffries Hilary Martin 362 List of Teachers and Pupils defeated by Joshua V. Gibbons, who thus became the first county sviperin- tendent of schools of Fayette county, and who is well remembered by many of the older people of this section and particularly in educational circles. Prof. Parker is now in Grinnell, Iowa, where he has been ever since he left here in 1856, after holding the position of principal of the Bridgeport graded schools for three years. And while many years have passed since he and his most estimable wife turned their faces toward the setting sun, they are still remembered and honored by many old friends among the hills of the Keystone State. LIST OF TEACHERS AND PUPILS. ROOM No. 1. Teacher, Miss Anna Wilkins. Arnette, Wayne Acklin, Rubie Adams, Redas Ansley, Samuel Alcorn, Merle Borsodi, Lizzie Borsodi, Andy Borsodi, Joe Bowman, Irvin Brown, Irvin Bakewell, John Cumpson, Caroline Cock, Hettie Crabel, Jane Cope, Russell Cibrickle, Frank Dillon, Catharine Dewar, Clara Davis, Margaret Douglas, Helen Daugherty, Olivia Daugherty, Allen Everly, Nova Florence, Deuayne Free, Charles Gue, Mary Gillon, Sadie Gribble, Eleanor Gombar, Thomas Gristofinal, Ida Higgins, Mae Honesty, Belle Hacket, McKinley Hutlas, Mary Harm , Virginia Higinbotham, Colvin Joliff, George Johns, Hugh Jones, Carrie Johns, Helen Jeffries, Margaret Jackson, Celia Krieg, Arthur Larue, Elmer Lucus, Thomas Lucus, Andrew Manning, Delia Manning, Ora Mitchell, Mildred Milliken, Fredrick Marinelli, Frank Moffitt, Marjorie Moffitt, Durbin Mcintosh, William Minehart, Willie Montsier, Garret Orr, Robert Robinson, Harry Robinson, Leland Rickard, Pauline Rickard, Lenore Renolds, Harry List of Teachers and Pupils 363 Ross, Arthur Ross, Luc a Secrest, Blanche Sorrell, Sheridan Smith, Willie Smith, Lela Simpson, Wallace Strickler, Naomi Thompson, Samuel Taylor, E. Elizabeth Vincqueirro, Charley Vlict, Edna Vliet, Lydia Winwood, Henrietta Weston, Frank AV alters, Clarence Willson, Wilbur Wargo, John ROOM No. 2. Teacher, Miss Mary Martin. Allison, Willard Artman, Irvin Bm-nett, Aubrey Bulger, Kenneth Black, Joseph Berry, Samuel B olden. Grant Butler, Matrrice Brown, Olive Cumpston, Paul Chalfant, Helen Cock, Lin a Carpenter, Blanche Doriguzsi, Joseph Davison, Jennie Dillon, Rebecca Datigherty, Sarah Eckles, Jesse Free, Bertha Gue, John Gribble, Elizabeth Gray, Celia Gue, Mamie Gille, Ruth Guesman, Ethel Higgins, Sheridan Harden, Ohie Hitlas, Martin Hart, Mehssam Johns, Carlton Johns, Orpah Kisner, Elmer Leonard, Sara Mull, Lewis Marshall, Henry Minehart, George Marnelli, Alfred Magee, Charles Moore, Ellen McHale, Marie Martin, Garnet O'Donnell, Florence Pendleton, Cornelius Pierce, Ruth Pirl, Elmer Robinson. Carlton Rathmell, John Sampson, Wendell Smith, Susie Secrest, Holmes Smith, Harold Stef?er, Emile Springer, WiUiam Smith, Marie Smith, Helen Simpson, Emma Stevenson, Jennie Underwood, Elliott Wilson, Dearth Woods, Willie Winwood, Edith Winwood, Anna Woods, Helen Wetzell, John 364 List of Teachers and Pupils ROOM No. 3. Teacher, Mrs. T. A. Jeffries. Anderson, Williard Berry, Joseph Black, Lewis Black, Rebecca Baker, John Carpenter, Catherine Couse, Catherine Cope, Clyde Coco, Alice Crawford, Margaret Cumpston, Minnie Dyson, Rose Dyson, Cora Davis, William Davis, Eva Florence, Olive Fen wick, Joseph Gray, Clarence Gregg, Bertha Greene, Jessie Guc, Agnes Gombar, Albert Hackett, Jean Hackett, Henry Hackett, Georgia Haikin, George Inghram, Anna Jeffries, Helen Jeffries, Thomas Kisner, Sarah Kenney, Thomas Lancaster, Joseph League, Charellotte Levy, Julius McGaroy, Willie Mason, Robert O'Donnell, Lotiis Patton, Duncan Patterson, Myrtle Prunty, Harry Rockwell, Ollie Simpson, Miller Smith, Jean Smith, Robert Smith, Margaret Story, Earl Underwood, Harry Whetzel, George Wilhams, Adda Williams, Riley Williams, Francis Worcester, Lelia Worcester, Walter Wright, Playford Washington, Urvie ROOM No. 4. Teacher, Miss Lucy Horner. Anderson, Fred Annett, Charles Alcorn, Edith Bulger, Lawrence Bowman, Anna Bumry, Julia Clawson, Ralph Cain, Levon Cock, Vcrie Dillon, John Douglas, Mary Darby, Helen Ford, Irwin Florence, Mattie Gould, Thomas Gillie, Ernest Garwood, Earle Guesman, Lawrence List of Teachers and Pupils 365 Gains, Mary Honesty, Robert Hackctt, Lottie Hall, Ethel Hawkins, Mary Hurst, Adelaide Jones, Mildred Kirk, Harold Kisner, Elsie Kaiser, Martha Leonard, Frank Latighery, Lida Levy, Bennie Manning, B olden Minos, Espy Mitchell, Russell Mason, Robert Miles, George McKenney, Katherine McLitosh, Alice MarinelU, Mary Mason, Eleanor Orr, Marjorie O'Donnell, Mary Polleck, Harry Reynolds, Frank Ritz, Harry Smith, Arthur Stiveson, Joseph Secrest, Robert Smith, Clyde Steele, Jane Tynes, John Thompson, Mary Taylor, Allice Vincqueirro, Gaetina Wick, Bert Williams, Donald ROOM No. 5. Teacher, Miss Elizabeth Bakewell. Aubrey, Thomas Arnett, George Arnett, John Anderson, Romola B olden, Bessie Brady, Lizzie Brady, Ada Carter, Beulah Christopher, Edgar Cock, Irene Crawford, Watson Deangillis, Theresa Dusenbery, Alice Davis, David Everly, Earnest Far son. Myrtle Gould, Boyd Gray, Wa ter Gaines, Olive Hart, David M., Jr. Harden, Fred Kenny, Bessie Kisner, Effie Kisinger, Ella, Kirk, Freda League, Russell Labin, Sarah Livingston, Sarah, Levy, Jessie McKenney, Eugene Mason, Gertrtide McClelland, Anna Magee, Mazie McHale, Lillian Patterson, Perry Pearsall, Lydia Smith, Janet Smith, Jessie Smith, Harold Stephenson, Andrew Simpson, Eddie Simpson, Birdie VHet, Mamie Wilson, Emmitt Weston, Carl Whetzel, Louis Wood , Clarence 366 List of Teachers and Pupils ROOM No. 6. Teacher, Miss May SMiLKv. Berry, Charley Brown, Lacey Brisbane, Agnes Butler, Maggie Conelly, Margaret Craft, Edgar Crawford, Britten Davis, John Dusenberry, Josiah Farson, Laura Flood, WiUie Flood, Wylie Garwood, Frank Hart, Wilgus Henshaw, Lewis Higgins, Bert Ingram, Ruth Johns, Leola Keefer, J.D. Kenny, Verner Lockeridge, Ruth Mason, Harry Massy, Laura Manning, Ellen Mcintosh, Albert Magcc, Lee Minehart, Holmes Milliken, Louis Moorhouse, Rose Mitchell, Eva Patton, Katherine Pearsall, Floe Pearsall, Hazel Perry, Mary Pierce, Elgie Rathmell, Walter Roberts, Charley Robinson, Fred Sargeant, Marshall Springer, Wallace Springer, Anna Steele, Alice Thompson, Chester Thompson, John Thornton, Mamie Vogt, John Vleit, Jocob Witt, Florence Wagoner, Nellie ROOOM No. Teacher, Miss Margaret Sproul. Alcorn, Ethel Anderson, Nora Arnette, Sarah Brown, Lacey Bulger, Florence Bumry, Arnold Connelly, Margaret Cock, Alma Chamberlain, Paul Dusenberry, Howard Fenwock, John Gregg, Edward Hvirst, Julia Higginbotham, Margaret Jones, Bertha Jones, Campbell Lanon, Charles Labin, Matthew Leonard, Ellen Mitchell, OUie Milliken, Louise Marshall, Jane Mc Alpine, Leta O'Donnell, Helen Perry, Maud Pierce, Elgie I^ist ot Teachers and Pupils 367 Province, David Rathmcll, Waller Springer, Myrtie Springer, Ellen Steele, Alice Todd, Carrie Vliet, Viola Wagoner, Nellie Worcester, Robert Wright, Nannie Wilson, Ethel ROOM No. 8. Teacher, Miss Etta Delaney Adams, Lizzie Bumry, Richard Conelly, William Darby, Viola ElUott, Ray Florence, Charles Green. Florence Henshaw, Martha Harrison, Fannie Herbertson, Edgar Jones, Moses Kirk, George Lockridge, Russell McGarvey, Anna McAlpine, Karl Moore, Elisha Allison, Carrie Burnett, Fred Craft, Clara Daugherty, Nellie Gray, Edna Hart, Isabel Hibbs, Margaret Hibbs, Elma Miller, Charles McGill, Denny Polleck, Ralph Parks, Josephine Pringle, Dixon Roberts, Flo Risbeck, Earl Stewart, Mircia Steveson, Bessie Steele, Sara Stewart, Ray Thornton, Deuane Wick, Jessie Wick, Charlie Wells, Boyd Wilson, Charlie ROOM No. 9. Teacher, Miss Alta Curry. Kisncr, Lizzie Lockridge, Ethel League, Lizzie Leagvie, Sara League, Fannie Mcintosh, Edna Merray, Alfred Smith, Emma ROOM No. 10. Teacher, Prof. J. F. Snyder. Davis, Andrew Darb}^ Lossie Dusenberry, Charles Gray, Bessie Hatfield, Eh Mason, Lelia Porter, Louise West Brownsville Schools EARLY SCHOOL HISTORY. In common with the other towns around. West Brownsville originally taught her schools in such buildings as could be rented for the purpose. Subsequently two small buildings were erected for School purposes. For many years scholars from that side of the river attended school in Brownsville and Bridgeport. THE PRESENT SCHOOL BUILDING. The present commodious and convenient public school building was erected in 1870 at a cost of $6,000. It contains six class rooms besides a school hall, has a cupola and bell and is handsomely furnished and properly equipped with the modern aids for teaching. LIST OF PRESENT TEACHERS AND PUPILS. ROOM No. 1. Teacher, Miss Fannie Eckles. Baird, Ray Bevard, Freda Cross, Kathryn Cross, Margaret Dales, Walter Dowler, Verner Dowler, Russell Edwards, Charles French, Samuel Gwyn, Kirk Harrison, Sarah Hardwick, Robert Holliday, Bertha HoUowood, Willie Hormell, Alfred Hollowood, Ruth Johnson, Ida Jones, Helen Kar, Rose Kennedy, Edith Kay, George Kay, Mary Kress, Margaret Lacotta, Joseph Leonard, Harrj'^ Lilley, Ruth Lopp, Jessie Lopp, Charles Lunden, Richard Myers, Mary Moffitt, Addie Morgan, Bryan McCullough, Roy Nicholls, Leona Nicholls, Willie Patterson, Margaret Phelps, Row Phelps, Miller Pastorius, Howard List of Teachers and Pupils 369 Pastorius, Richard Reese, Sara Rcsco, Mary Storcr, Sarah Storer, Blanche Taylor, Irene- Taylor, l^lward Troy, Karl Van Riper, Hugh Ward, Louise ROOM No. Teacher, Miss Etta Storek. Axton, Kathryn Bakewell, Freda Bevard, Eva Carlson, Clifford Charlton, Katie Dent, Virginia Dowler, Ethel French, Mamie Garwood, Helen Gwyn, Harry Horniell, Linnie Holt, Harry Hutton, Edna Leonard, Harvey LiUey, Willie Lesner, Katie Lunden, Carl Morgan, Dudley Moffitt, Louie Morris, Walter McAllister, Edith McAndrews, Harry McCuUough, Earl Patton, Wilda Porter, Ruth Pui'sglove, Josephine Pursglove, Farnsworth Sargeant, Martha Stapleton, Clyde Snider, Willie Taylor, Eva Taylor, Dearth VanRiper, Sara VanRipper, Ellen ROOM No. 3. Teacher, Miss Ethel Sheplar. Baird, Edith Baird, Bertha Bevard, Alice Charlton, Elizabeth Cross, Arthur Fulton, Carrie Gwyn, John Harrison, Rebecca HoUiday, Jennie Holliday, Olive Hormell, Naomi Johnson, Louella Leonard, Eva Lilley, Elizabeth Marker, James Moffitt, Adelaide Moffitt , Bertha Morris, Virginia McCuUough, Edward Patterson, Gussie Province, George Pursglove, Hester Reese, Stacy Stapleton, Howard Statham, Nellie VanRiper, Margaret WKST RR()WNS\'ILLR SCHOOL TKACHKRS Miss Ktta Storer Prof. Thos. I.. Pollock Miss F.thel Sheplar 376 List of Teachers and Pupils ROOM NO. 4. Teacher, Prof. Thomas L. Pollock, Principal. Clerbois, Lena Cunningham, Warren Dewier, Nellie Herrington, Belle Harrison, Fannie Leonard, Elsie Marker, Ethel Marker, Anna McLain, Anna McGill, Denny Province, David Province, Wanda Snider, Charles Snider, Louise Stapleton, Ida Troy, Walter Wells, Boyd BIOGRAPHY OF PRINCIPAL. Thomas Lazear Pollock is a son of Thomas W. and Harriet Jane (Sutterly) Pollock and was born in California, W'ashington County, Penn- sylvania, April 18, 1880. He received his education in the California common schools and in the State Normal at the same place. Mr. Pollock represented the California Literary society in the oratorical contest with the Philothenian society and won the prize. Prof. Pollock has followed teaching ever since he graduated from the California Normal. During the winter of 1900-1 he was the principal of the AUenport schools. He was vice-principal of the North Belle Vernon schools dtiring the winter of 1902-3 and has since then been principal of the West Brownsville schools and has met with flattering success. Prof. Pollock is a young man of exceptional ability and is not only active in educational work but very popular in educational circles. Religious History Brief History of Some of the Leading Churches — Bbownsville, Bridgeport, West Bbownsville, Uniontown and Country Dis- tricts — Pictures of Pastors and Church Edifices — Pioneers in Christian Work in Western Pennsylvania. BROWNSVILLE CHURCHES. CHRIST church. The district and country about Brownsville was settled originally by emigrants principally from Maryland and Virginia, many of whom had been reared in the principles and forms of the Episcopal Church, and hence brought with them their predilections for the same. This is evident from the fact that several log churches were built by the early settlers in this section for the purpose of retaining the services of the church among them, and trans- mitting the same to their descendants. As these buildings, however, were never occupied except by itinerating clergymen, and rarely at that, the in- terests of the people gradually declined, the buildings decayed, and the families whose preference had once been given to the Protestant Episcopal Church, sought elsewhere for the word of life. With regard to the church in Brownsville the case appears to have been rather more favorable. Services were held from time to time with more frequency, and the temporal interests of the church especially sustained with inore ability and zeal, though many untoward circumstances have in tiine past retarded materially the progress of the church. Among these the reseinblances of her forms and ceremonies to those of the Church of England excited great prejudice against her in Revolutionary times. It is now nearly a century and a half ago that Prayer-book services were used for the first time within the limits of what is now the borough of Browns- ville. In the year 1759, Rev. Mr. Allison is said to have come as Chaplain to the soldiers who were then stationed at Fort Burd. At that time Browns- ville was but a frontier fort or post known as " Redstone Old Fort." Even before very regular services began to be maintained in Brownsville, five log churches had been built in the surrounding country, affording re- ligious homes to the many church families that originally settled this vicinity, having come principally from Maryland and Virginia. Today, Grace Church in Menallen township, six miles out on the national road, is the sole survivor, in which the service of the church is still heard, of that early effort to plant the church in the country districts of Western Fayette County. The present brick structure replaced the primitive log building at least fifty years ago. In Brownsville itself several itinerant clergymen officiated from time to time in the early days. First came the Rev. Mr. Mitchell, in 1785. He was followed by the Rev. Robert Davis in 1795, who seems to have remained till 1805. w w Christ Church 379 Thru came the Rev. Roljcrt Ayrcs who in Lurn was succeeded by the Rev. Jackson Kemper, a man of truly apostolic character and zeal, who became, vears afterwards, missionary Bisho]) of the Northwest, and still later, the first Bishop of Wisconsin. Mr. Ki'm])er ser\-ed the Clun-ch lierc- in ISll. He made a subsequent visit in 1814 when the following persons were baptized: William Hogg, Ann Bowman, Harriet E. Bowman, Louisa Bowman, Matilda Bowman, William Bowman, Goodloe H. Bowman, and Nelson B. Bowman. Although as early as 1796 the ground on which the church now stands, was purchased from one, Samuel Jackson, by Dr. Charles Wheeler, William Hogg, and Jacob Bow^man, for the sum of 20 pounds sterling, no especial effort seems to have been made up to the year 1813, toward the organization of a parish or the erection of a church building. Of the three gentlemen w^ho originally purchased the church ground, an old chronicle of the parish says that they were "mainly instrumental, under the w4se providence of God, in the preservation of the Church in early years, and in the transmission of the same, a precious heritage to posterity." In the year 1813, the Rev. J. C. Clay succeeded the Rev. Mr. Kemper as missionary of the Church "Society for the Advancement of Christianity in Pennsylvania," in the western part of the state. He arrived July 20th and shortly afterward urged the people to build a church on the lot they then had. The suggestion was favorably received, a meeting of the congregation was held, seven trustees were appointed to consider the matter, and $500 was subscribed toward the new church. On August 26th, 1813, the first Vestry was organized with these gentlemen members; Jacob Bowman, William Hogg, Robert Clarke, Charles Wheeler, John Nin, Basil Brashear, Basil Brown, Charles Ford, George Hogg, Henry Stump, Thomas Brown and H. B. Goe. A building committee was appointed, plans and proposals for the new church were considered, and finally adopted by the Vestry. The walls of the building had been raised and paid for, when the work suddenly ceased, and was not resumed for several years, during which time occasional services, only, were held by visiting clergymen. The Rev. Mr. Clay had left some time before. He afterwards was for many years the honored, rector of Gloria Dei Church, Philadelphia. The Rev. John Bausman was invited to take charge of the parish in con- nection w^ith the work in Uniontown and Connellsville, and he began his labors March 22, 1823. The church edifice being still unfinished, the services were held for some months in the Presbyterian hotise of w'orship. By No- ve:nber 3()th of the same year, the building was ready for use. It was not until June 22, 1825, however, that the First Christ Church was consecrated. Then, u^pon the occasion of the first visit of the Right Rev. Dr. William White, first Bishop of Pennsylvania, to that portion of the diocese lying w'est of the Alleghenies, the new building was formally set apart to the service and. worship of Almighty God. A class of ten persons was confirmed by the Bishop the same day, the first time that confirmation had ever been administered here. The Rev. Mr. Bausman continued his labor in the parish with signal suc- 13 Rrv. Win. }•'.. Kanilxj, Rector — Christ Church, Brownsville Christ Church 381 cess vintil March 8, 1827, when the Rev. li. I'hiffer, a brother-in-law, was elected to succeed him. In August, 1829, the parish ai^niin l)ecanie vacant, and remained so until the following spring, when the Re\-. ]>. N. Freeman, (April 4, 1830), was elected to the rectorship. In 1841 stt'])S were taken toward the erection of a suitable rector}'. "A part of the land l)elonging to the church was exchanged for a certain piece of land belonging to Mr. George Hogg," and upon this grovmd the present coinmodious rectory was built. On the 20th of September, 1841, the Rev. Mr. Freeman resigned, and was succeeded by the Rev. Enos Woodward. During Mr. Woodward's ministry, the parish was regularly incorporated under the name and style of "The Rector, Church Wardens and Vestrymen of Christ's Church, Brownsville." Of the seventeen persons whose names appear as petitioners for the granting of a charter to the parish, Mr. James W. Jefferies was the last to die, being past ninety at his death. The Rev. Samuel Cowell became rector of the parish June 6, 1845. At this time the congregation numbered some forty-eight families, with a total of 183 individuals. To the Rev. Mr. Cowell belongs the credit of carefully compiling, from various sources, the history of the Church's effort in this community from the earliest days until the year 1852, when he severed his connection with the parish. His painstaking and faith- ful efforts have made it a comparatively- easy task to prepare this accotmt of this venerable parish. About the year 1852 a suitable house for the Sexton's use was added to the church property at a cost of $1,200. Two clergymen declined the call to the rectorship, but in April, 1853, the place was filled by the election and acceptance of the Rev. Richard Temple. Ill health compelled the resignation of Mr. Temple in July, 1854. In Decem- ber of the same year, the Rev. James J. Page, of Virginia, accepted an unani- mous election to the rectorship, taking charge in January, 1855. The winter of 1855-56 proved to be a very cold one, " and the church building then occupied being very open, many of the people suffered severely from the cold. It seemed impossible to get the chtirch warm enough for comfort." The result was that a fund for the erection of a new building was soon started through the active efforts of Mrs. Mary M. Gummert. Mr. James L. Bowman was perhaps the first subscriber to the fund, giving $3,000 for himself and $1,000 for Mrs. Bowman. At the meeting of the vestry held April 11, 185(3, Messrs. G. H. Bowman, N. B. Bowman and John Johnson were appointed a building committee, and to act in an executive capacity for the rector and vestry in the matter of a new chuch, and Mr. J. L. Bowman was appointed treasurer. The church then built cost about $20,000. It was consecrated by the Right Rev. Samuel Bowanan, D. D. LL. D., July 12, 1859. After a suc- cessful rectorship of six years the Rev. Mr. Page resigned his charge in the winter of 18Gl-'62. The next'rector was Rev. John F. Ohl, who came from New Castle, Pa., and began his labors in the parish in July, 1802. Mr. Ohl's ministry of three years and nine months seems to have been very efficient. In July, 1866, the'Rev. H. H. Loring, of Olean, N. Y., became rector of 382 The Presbyterian Church Christ Church, and after an incumbency of nearly six years, he closed his ministry here at Easter, March 31, 1872. Within the time of Mr. Loring's rectorate, St. John's Church, West Brownsville, was built and became an independent work, the outgrowth of years of mission effort carried on under the care or the auspices of the parent cMirch. At present this work is under the care of the rector of Christ Church. On May 14, 1872, the Rev. Mr. Ohl, then at Zanesville, O., was again invited to become their rector, but he de- clined. The Rev. S. Denman Day, of Rockford, 111., was called to the rec- torship in June, 1872, and after some delay, the invitation was accepted, and he began work January 16, 1873. Mr. Day's ministry at Christ Church lasted some twelve years. In the year 1882, the neat, substantial parish house and Svmday-school building was finished. It is btiilt of native stone and cost about $3,000. The interior of this Vjuilding has been much improved within the last summer. The Rev. Henry B. Emsworth came from Chicago in the winter of 1 885-' 86 to succeed the Rev. Mr. Day, and after a ministry of more than eleven years, he resigned April 18, 1897. During Rev. Mr. Emsworth's rectorship, and largelv through his efforts, many of the beautiful memorial windows, the memorial pulpit, altar, cross, vases, lecturn, prayer desk and chancel rail were given and placed in the church. The Rev. Mr. Emsworth died at Lis- bon, N. D., March, 1902. The present rector, the Rev. William E. Rambo, was unanimously elected and took charge in October, 1S97. Since that time the entire church property has been thoroughly repaired and improved at a cost of several thotisand dollars, and the membership has been largely increased. St. John's Chapel, West Brownsville, has also been placed under the rector's care and its ex- cellent work has materially strengthened the parish life. The parish activities are: The Women's Auxiliary, Aid Society, Sewing Guild, St. John's Guild, Daughters of the King, and the Sunday School which meets every Sunday at 9:30 a. m. The hours of church services are, Sun- days, 10:45 a. m. and 7:00 p. m.; Holy Days, 9:00 a. m.; Fridays, 7:00 p. m. At St. John's Chapel, West Brownsville, Thursday at 7:15 p. m. The present Church wardens are: Messrs. C. L. Snowden, William B. McCormick, J. N. Snowdon, C. Bakewell, I.R. Beasell, William C. Steele, C. W. Bowman, M. R. Jacobs, and W. B. McAlpine. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Presbyterian church of Brownsville is one of the oldest organizations on this side of the Allegheny mountains. It came gradually into existence near the beginning of the last century. The earliest mention of Presbyterian preaching in this old historic town is found in the minutes of the Presbytery of Redstone to which it yet belongs. The record made there under date of October 15, 1811, shows that "the Rev. Boyd Mercer, of the Presbytery of Ohio, applied for permission to preach to the people of Uniontown and Brownsville." This fact is especially interesting to us because of the con- nection of one of the oldest and most esteemed families of Brownsville with The rreshvterian Church 383 Presbyterian Church, Brownsville— Rev. W. Scott Bowman. Pastor this venerable pioneer of the Presbyterian faith in this part of the state. Rev. Boyd Mercer was the grandfather of Mr. Roland C. Rogers of Bridge- port. Thus the first seed of Presln'terianism was sown. In the vcar 1S13, on the 20th of April, a young man by the name of Rev. William Johnston, a licentiate under the care of the Presbytery of Ohio, made application to the Presbytery of Redstone for admission and was re- ceived on the following day. On the same day a call was placed into his hands from the congregations of Brownsville and Dtinlaps Creek. "On the 20th of October of the same year he was installed pastor over the united congregations." His pastorate lasted for 25 or 26 years. When in 1839 Brownsville and Little Redstone Churches were separated from Dunlaps Creek, Rev. Mr. Johnston remained with Brownsville and Little Redstone congregations and continued to do so until his death, which occurred on De- cember 31, 1841. The successor of Rev. Johnston was Rev. Thomas Martin who served the church until 1848. The Rev. Robert M. W'allace then became the pastor, and served until 1864. In 1864 the Rev. Joseph H. Stevenson became the pastor over the churches of Brownsville and Little Redstone. In 1866 the Presbytery granted leave to both of the churches to be organized into separate and individual congregations. W'hen this separation took place, the pastor remained with the church of Brownsville and continued his work until April, 1868, when he i-esigncd the charge. 384 The Presbyterian Church Svicceeding this pastorate was the work of the Rev. E. P. Lewis, who served the church as stated supply. His ministry continued for two or three years. From 1874 to 1878 was the pastoral service of Rev. W. W. McLane. The Rev. A. S. MilhoUand, D. D., now pastor of the First Church of Union- town, served the congregation as stated supply from September 18,1878, tintil the spring of 1880. From March 9, ISSl, until July, 1883, the church was under the care of Rev. A. B. Fields, who served in the capacity of stated supply by appointinent of Presbytery. Then followed the ministry of Rev. W. G. Nevin, which continued from July, 1883, until some time in 1884, or early in 1885. The congregation was then ministered to by Rev. Himler for one year. The name of Rev. B. M. Kerr appears upon the sessional records of the church for the first time under date of April 2, 1887. His faithful work is fresh in the memory of the older members of the church. He died early in 1892, while pastor of this people. The present pastorate is that of the Rev.W. Scott Bowman, who will soon close the twentieth year of his ministry. Rev. Bowman took charge of this church on the first of July, 1892. Under this pastorate the church has risen to a place among the first of the Presbytery. It is thoroughly organized with a session of six elders, one deacon and four trustees. Every branch of church work moves quietly along accomplishing its work The church has a good Sabbath School, Young People's Society, Ladies' Aid Society, and Home and Foreign Missionary Society. The church is also in good financial con- dition, and in spite of many losses, the church has had a steady growth during the past twelve years. The following brief account of the property of the church is taken from the history of Fayette County, by Franklin Ellis, 1882, page 443; ''Until after 1815 (probably 1813, for the first sermon in that church was preached by Rev. Johnston to the Brownsville volunteers of the war of 1812) the Presbyterians of Brownsville had no regular hotise of worship. On the 14th of June in that year Joseph Thornton, John Steele and John Johnston, trustees of the Presbyterian congregation of Brownsville, purchased for two hundred dollars and five shillings, annual ground rent, lot No. 3, on Second Street, being sixty feet front on that street, and one hundred and eighty feet deep to Market Street. It was conveyed to them in trust for the Presbyterian congregation of Brownsville, for the purpose of erecting a meeting-house thereon for the benefit of the congregation aforesaid." Soon afterwards there was built on the Second Street front a brick edifice which was used as a house of worship until the second bviilding was completed on the same lot, but fronting on Market Street. This second church building was dedicated in May, 1850, and after serving as a place of worship for forty-five years, was taken down in May, 1895. The present building, which occupies the site of the second building, is the third edifice erected by the church on the same lot. The auditorium of the present building was first occupied on the morn- ing of the first Sabbath of January, 189G. The following services are held every Sabbath: Sabbath School at 9:45 a. m.; Morning Worship at 11:00 a. m.; Y. P. S. C. E. at 6:15 p. m.; Evening Worship at 7:00 p. m. The doors of this church are always open to all. The I'irst .Methodist l';pi.sct)pal Church 385 TllF. FIRST MKTIIoniST KIMSCOPAT, ClllRlll. The First Methodist Episcopal Church, of which, Wilhani Mcdky D. D. is pastor, is one of the oldest, and most commodiovis stnulures in the three towns, used for pubUc worship. The present, a two-story edifice of stone and brick, occupies a site once occvipied by a smaller stone building of un- certain date. But, from the fact that in 1S7C), during the i)astorate of Rev. W. A. Stuart, its centennial was celebrated, we gather that its origin was con- temporary with that of the Republic. However, its early rcccnxls hax^- been lost^ and the earliest available history carries us back no further than 1815, when Asa Shinn, of pious memory, and the no less famous Thornton Fleming, were the pastors in charge of the work, then known as the Browns- ville and Uniontown circuit. As such, it was continued until the year 1833, when Uniontown became a station, and Bridgeport, now the second Metho- dist Episcopal Church of Brownsville, was united with the first church, and both together were known as the Brownsville and Bridgeport Station. This arrangement continued until the year 1S44, when the tmion was severed, and each of the churches became a station. Early in its history the tirst church became one of the important charges of Methodism in this part of the state, and in 1S49 was selected as the seat of the Pittsburgh Conference, under the Presidency of the sainted Bishop Waugh. Its pulpit has been filled by leading men of the conference, some of whom have gone up higher, and some who are remaining until this day. While the i.)residing elder of the district, within sight of the church he loved, lames G. Sansom, "The Old Man Eloquent, " whose last pubHc utterance was from its pulpit, to the heroes assembled for worship, prior to their de- parture to take part in the tremendous struggle for the preservation of the Union, laid down the weapons of his earthly warfare and reported on the camping grotmd of the Eternal. The Rev. James Green Sansom was born of German parents, in Bedford County, Pa., in the year 1794, and died at the home of the late Peter Swearer, in Brownsville, Pa., May 4, 1861. Early in Hfe he became affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and entered the itinerant ranks in the year ISIS, long before what is now known as the Pittsburg Conference of "that church had an existence. For forty-three years he faithfully and successfully discharged the duties of the ministerial office, and at the time of his death, was the presiding elder of the then, Uniontown district. He was a self-made and a self-taught man; a man with many, and marvelous natural talents. He was a deep thinker, and acute reasoner, and a keen logician. He had a broad, clear mind, and a voice of wonderful volume and penetrative jiower. In short, he was a man speciaUy fitted for the olhcc to which he was called. A fjright, genial, loving, lovable man, to whom Methodism owes much. There are those still living to whom his memory is as "ointment potired forth." He is gone, but he still is, "and. being dead, yet speaketh." For eleven years, as the presiding elder, and the pastor, the Rev. C, R. Beacom, ministered, followed by others, whose names we ha\e not space to mention. First M. E. Churcli, Brownsville— Rev. \V:n. :\Ieaiey. Pastor The Roman Catholic Church 387 The roll ('>f the church contains honored names, such as those of Dr. John A. Brashear, llie world-famed astronomer; Philander C. Knox, of more than national reputation; \V. F. Knox, a popular physician of McKecsport, Pa., and S. Page Knox, of Santa Barbara, California, all of whom received their lirst lessons in sacred truth witliin lier walls. The first church is represented in varitms departments, and in various lields in Methodism by those whose early training was in the Sabl)ath classes, who ha\-e heard the call of their Master, and have gone forth to the service, among whom are F. H. Wilkenson, the associate editor of the Pittsburg Christian Advocate; James Mechem, the present presiding elder of the Washington district; Wilbur C. Swearer, the presiding elder of a Missionary District in Korea, and four others who are still in the active work of the pastorate; W. K. Marshall, a member of the Kansas conference; George A. Cecberc, a member of the Texas conference; and C. A. Sheets, and W. J. Low- stuter, still in the Pittsburg conference. On the whole, the histor}- of the first church is an honored one, and while many who have rejoiced in her fellowship are now in the "Church Trium- phant," there are yet evidences of the worth of her work in the higher lay and ministerial circles. THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. \A'e are indebted to the Rev. A. A. Lambing, L. L. D., of Pittsburg, for the following sketch of the Catholic Church at Brownsville : "The natural position which the site of the future Brownsville occupied, and the fact that it was at a very early day connected by an Indian trail with the mouth of Will's Creek on the Patomic, east of the nioun tains, and later by the extension of Braddock's road, early drew attention to it as the most suitable place for embarking for the west on the Monongahela River, or of crossing that stream to strike the Ohio in the neighborhood of Wheeling. Exploration, trade and pioneer settlement brought with them an clement of religion; not very pronounced, it may be in the beginning, l:)ut destined to develop with the lapse of time. A brief glance at this, so far as the Catholic Church is concerned, will be the ])urpose of this ])aper. "As early as the summer of 1754, when the French came out from Fort Dufiuesne to meet the advancing forces of the colonists under George Wash- ington, on the Chestnut Ridge, those who went up the Monongahela were accompanied by a chaplain, whose name, however, has not been recorded, but who celebrated Mass at the mouth of Redstone Creek on the early morn- ing of June 30, which appears to have been the first religious service of any kind held in that section of the country. Bttt this was only a passing visit such as the people of a later day became accustomed to, when permanent settlement was begun. Whatever the faults of the first settlers, they were, as a rule, :nen not altogether devoid of religion, and were desirous of its con- solations as often as their isolated coutlition would permit. A few families having settled in the ])rcsent Greene County near the ri\-er, a man by the name of Felix Hughes, who seems to have lieen the most influential among Roman Calluilic Church, ])ro\vns\ illc — Kcv. Thus. !•'. Gbnii, Keclnr TliL' RoiiKiii Catholic Cliurcli 389 them, went to Philadelphia in 1785 to see if he could not induce a priest to pay them an occasional visit. But, so small was the number of clergymen at that time, and so wide the fields of their labors, that he docs not appear to have succeeded. But an occasional- missionary would pass through to Kentucky and would delay for a fe^\• days to minister to the scattered fami- lies. Religious services were generally held by these jmssing missionaries in the house of Neil Gillespie, whose name is familiar to every student of the early historj^ of this section • of cotmtry. So matters continued till near the end of the eighteenth century, when a priest was stationed at St. Vincents arch abbey, near Latrobe, who visited the people at distant intervals. Aboitt 1798 Rev. Patrick Lonergan tried to establish a colony near Waynesburg, from which he visited Brownsville, and even Pittsbttrg at times. "In the fall of 1808, Rev. "William F. X. O'Brien was appointed first resi- dent pastor of Pittsburg; and from that time the scattered Catholic families in the vicinity of Brownsville could calculate on a visit about every two months, a condition of affairs which continued with gradual improvement till some time before 1830, when Rev. Patrick Rafferty was made first resi- dent pastor. What fruit he was able to reap in the line of spirituals is not distinctly recorded; certain it is that his pecuniary recompense was meager enottgh; for, after laboring a year he only received $3.62^, and left, conclud- ing that zeal did not require such sacrifices. Rt. Rev. Francis P. Kcntrick, of Philadelphia, visited the town in January, 1834, and writes of it; 'On my visit to Brownsville, a little village on the Monongahela River, I was much edified,' etc. * * * 'The faithful of this mission are to be pitied, being able only four times a year to enjoy the presence of a priest, the pastor of Blairsville, Rev. James A. Stillenger, who visits them thus, till I can place a pastor here.' But in 1836 Rev. Patrick Waters was stationed here for a time, bttt just how long it is impossible to determine. "The date of the building of the first chttrch has not been ascertained, but it was most i3robably before the visit of the bishop, just referred to. The circumstances were these: Neil Gillespie donated three acres of ground, that now occupied by the church, and two other persons, not members of the Catholic Church, J. J. Workman and E. L. Blaine undertook to have the church built, traveling as far as Baltimore to collect the necessary funds. Rev. Michael Gallagher was appointed pastor in 1837, bitt had a wide tract of the surrounding country also under his charge. The church was destroyed by fire in 1839, and Rev. Mr. Gallagher set about the erection of the present stately edifice, the plans of which, as well as a considerable part of the funds, he secured in his native Ireland, and it was solemnly dedicated, April 7, 1844. The congregation was then at the zenith of its prosperity, but the opening of the Pennsylvania Canal some time before and of the Patomic Canal, and later of the through lines of railroad gradually drew the current of trade and travel from it, and it experienced a reverse of fortune, improving but little from the river trade. Though generally having a resident priest, the con- gregation never gained that degree of independence which would command his entire services. Changes, too, were frequent in pastors, so that it would be difficult to give the entire list. Such was the condition of the church in 390 Rev. Thomas F. Glynn Blaine Monument. Catholic Cenieter\ , Brownsville this section of country till the coke industry infused new life into Fayette Cotinty; but even then, Brownsville was slow in reaping much benefit from it. This brings us down to within less than a quarter of a century of the present, when the history is within the personal recollection of most people, and will not be pursued further." Rev. Thom.\s F. Glynn, the popular and indefatigable rector of the Ch\irch of St. Thomas of Aquin, Coal Centre, Pa., and St. Peter's at Browns- ville, was born in Roscommon, Ireland, on February 6, 1860, and came to this country with his parents when btit one year of age. The family settled The I'irst liaptist Church :}9] in St. John's parish, Johnstown, Pa. After completing his primary educa- tion he entered St. Charles' College, Baltimore, where he went through his classics, besides finishing in the sixth Latin class with the highest honors, being first in Latin and first in English, and receiving the premium for Chris- tian Doctrine from Cardinal Gibbins himself. Then he went to St. Vincent's Seminary, where he completed his philosophical and theological studies. He was ordained in St. Paul's Cathedral, Pittsburg, on April 25, 1893, and was immediately appointed assistant to the Church of St. John the Evangelist, S. S., under the late Father O. P. Gallagher. After about two years he was transferred to St. Andrew's, Allegheny, where he remained for about three years. Then he went as pastor to St. Joseph's, North Oakland, where he remained for five years until, on November 16, 1902, he was appointed to his present charge. Geographically it is the largest in the Diocese. Coal Centre includes the mission of St. Peter's, Brownsville; and California, Woods Rtm, Lucyville and Stockdale are flourishing towns connected \\ith the parish. Affairs have so progressed under his energetic administration that the town of LucvA-ille will very shortly have its own church. While at St. Vincent's Father Glynn was the editor and bvisiness manager of St. Vincent's Journal, and he has also been contributor to various Catholic newspapers and magazines. When Father Glynn first took charge of the Coal Centre parish he found it in anything but a flourishing condition financially, but by hard work and able administration he has placed it in a most satisfactory condition in this iinportant respect, and the same can be said of St. Peter's, at Brownsville. Father Glynn is of an inventive turn of mind. Recently he has taken out a patent for an ingeniovisly contrived safety fender for street cars, and another for an indestructible railroad caboose. Rev. Joseph Galewski has been appointed assistant to Father Glynn, owing to the great increase in the Catholic population under his zealous spiritual care. It was also necessary to have an assistant who could speak several foreign languages, and this is an accomplishment which Father Galewski possesses in a remakable degree. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. The First Baptist Chui^eh of Brownsville was organized in 1841, with nine- teen constituent members, none of whom are now living. It was formerly recognized as an independent Baptist chtirch by a cottncil of neighboring Baptist churches convened in the Presbyterian Church November 16, 1841. Rev. WiUiam Wood (father of the late Rev. W. S. Wood, of Mt. Pleasant) was chosen as the first pastor. Mr. Evans, Mr. Morgan Mason, and Mr. Fillsom were chosen as the first board of trustees. The Church was admitted to membership in the Monongahela Baptist Association in September, 1842. Having no church building the congregation rented the lower part of the Freemason's Hall on Church Street, and worshiped there for two years. 392 The First Baptist Church Ktv, J. ]■•. MillLi- Pastor First Baptist Church, Brownsville The first church building was erected on Church Street in 1843, and was dedicated November 19, of that year. This building is still standing. The Sunday School in connection with this church was organized in 1844. The church rapidly increased in membership from the beginning. In 1849 the records show 143 incmbers in good and regular standing. This church is the parent of two neighboring Baptist Churches. On NoTi;. — We were unaljle to secure a satisfactory picture of Rev. Miller's church owing to the unfinished condition of the same, hence the absence of the cut of that church. Bridgeport Churches 393 January 13, 1850, Lhirl}- u£ its niciubcrs were dismissed tu organize the Red- stone Baptist Church, a building having been erected there by the church in 1849. In 1889, eight of its mernbcrs together with a few others organized the California Baptist Church. In July, 1898, the church purchased what was then known as the Jeffries' Hall, on Market Street, and proceeded to erect the present handsome building. Work on this building was begun in March, 1899. The basement being com- pleted and temporarily roofed, the congregation vacated the old chuch on Church Street and occupied the basement of the new building March 18, 1900, and continued to worship there until December 13, 1903, at which time the congregation moved into the newly completed Svmday School room, building operations having been actively resumed in April 1903. The old church property on Church Street was sold February 27, 1901. The following-named ministers have served the church as regular pastors: Revs. William Wood, Fisdale, Penny, Edward Miles, J. C. Cole, Williain Wood, R. H. Austin, W. W. Hickman, Daniel Kelsey, W. H. Hughes, Wil- liam Barnes, B. F. Fish, Ross Ward, D. H. Lehman, G. B. N. Clouser, E. E. Woodson, and J. F. Miller the pi'esent pastor. The following-named ministers have supplied the church: Revs. W. S. Wood, James Jones, H. G. Mainwaring, C. H. Coligrove, M. R. Laning, E. G. Zwayer, Dr. L.M. Hughes, H. J. Ritenour, D. W. C. Harvey. The following-named persons have been licensed by the church to preach the gospel: H. J. Ritenour, W. B. Skinner, W. R. Patton, C. A. Gilbert, James F. Rush. It has ordained to the ministry Rev. B. N. Clouser. BRIDGEPORT CHURCHES. FRIENDS OR QUAKER CHURCHES. In an early period, before 1820, the ntmiber of the Society of Friends in Bridgeport outnumbered those of all other denominations, and their meetings for divine worship were held here many years before any other churches were organized in the place, beginning as early as abotrt the year 1790. For a few years they met in private dwellings. On the 28th of February, 1799, a lot of three acres of land was purchased from Rees Cadwalader, and soon afterwards a meetinghouse was built upon it. It was a stone building, low, but nearly or quite one hundred feet in length. Some years afterwards, when the Hicksites seceded from the regular congregation, this old meetinghouse was partitioned across in the middle so as to accommodate both meetings. This was continued for some years, but graduallj^, by reason of removals and the death of members, the congregation became reduced in number, and finally religious worship, after the manner of the Quakers, ceased to be held in Bridgeport. Besides the old stone meetinghouse built by the Friends on the lot pur- chased from Rees Cadwalader, they also built on it a stone schoolhouse (the first schoolhouse in Bridgeport), and set apart a portion of the ground 394 Cumberland Presbyterian Church for a burial place. Upon the lot purchased by the Friends from Cadwalader there now stands the residences of Mrs. Geo. Black, James Allen and others, and the Union School hoiise of the borough. CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. In the spring of 1832, the Revs. A. M. Bryan and Milton Bird, ministers of a new denomination, called Cumberland Presbyterians, came to Browns- ville. Services were held for a few days in the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Prostestants Episcopal Church, with marked results. Many of the lead- ing people of town made a profession of religion. No effort was made, how- ever, at this time, to organize a church. Among the early Cumberland Presbyterian preachers who visited Browns- ville were John Morgan, Leroy Woods, S. M. Sparks, I.N. Cary, John Cary, S. E. Hudson and WiUiam E. Post. In 1830 Rev. Post held services in what was called Black Horse Tavern, a store building belonging to the Sweitzer property. A few years later, Cumberland Presbyterians held services in Masonic Hall. Twelve years after the visit of Bryan and Bird, a petition by a number of prominent citizens, of Brownsville and vicinity, was presented to the Union Presbytery begging that a Cumberland Presbyterian Church be organized. The Presbytery granted the request and Rev. S. E. Hudson with Rev. Wil- liam Post organized the church September 10, 1S44. There were thirty names on the original roll of the church with Josiah Waggoner and William Robinson as Ruling Elders. Rev. J. T. A. Henderson, who was present when the church was organized became the stated supply. The Rev. Isaac Hague preached from April 1847 to April 1848. During Rev. Heague's pastorate the membership increased to sixty. In June, 1847, William H. Bennett and J. H. Alirams were elected Ruling elders. The Rev. A. B. Brice D. D., took charge of the church in 1848 and re- mained six years as pastor, while at the same time he edited the Cumberland Presbyterian. This paper was the organ of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Pennsylvania and Ohio. Services were held for a while in the school hall in West Brownsville. During Rev. Brices first year a neat brick building was erected in the upper part of Bridgeport. This church was dedicated by Rev. Hiram Hunter of Uniontown. In 1855, Dr. William Campbell took charge, serving the congregation two years. During his pastorate, he also edited the Cumberland Presbyterian. The Rev. A. J. Swain became pastor in April of 1857 and remained till 1 8()1 . At the ])reaking out of the Civil War there were about ninety members on the church roll. In 1859, Freman Wise was elected Ruling Elder. Revs. N. D. Porter, Henry S. Bennett and G. P. Wright held a very suc- cessful revival meeting during the spring of 1862. In this same year J. D. Armstrong, a young inan of promise, was elected and ordained a Ruling Elder. Cumberland I'resbyteriau Church, Briclgcport Rev. Chas. R. Harmon, Pastor 396 Cumberland Presbyterian Church From 1862 to 1868 the Rev. J. T. A. Henderson was pastor. After Mr. Henderson's resignation Rev. J. H. Coulter took charge of the field. It was while Mr. Coulter was pastor that Rev. A. J. Bird, D. D., of Nashville, Tenn., assisted in a meeting that resulted in a large addition to the church. Rev. Coulter's pastorate covered a period of about two years. In December of 1872, Rev. J. M. Howard D. D., took charge of the congre- gation. There were many things to discourage and few things to encourage the friends of this struggling chvirch. To add to the heavy adversities of the congregation, came the fire on the morning of October 8, 1874, which left in its track falling walls and a heap of ashes. For so few members with so little wealth, it seemed almost an impossibility to recover from this loss, but Rev. Howard went to work with a will and results followed. Eliza Johnson, a devout Christian woman who had very little of this world's goods, gave the first ten dollars toward the new church. The present location was selected and the corner stone laid. The lecture room was ready for service by February 20, 1876. On that day Dr. A. B. Miller of Waynesbtirg College, assisted by Dr. Henry Melville of Uniontown, opened the room with appropriate services. In the spring of '76 and the fall of '77 there were extensive revivals. The Murphy Temperance movement came in 1877, doing much good work for the town and community. Following the activity of the temperance people came a marked revival in 1881. Among the many converts at this time was that of Seaborn Crawford, who was much interested in temperance and reform. He had been and continued to be a strong supporter of the church and was an honored deacon at the time of his death which occurred in Sep- tember, 1903. In September, 1874, John S. Pringle, John Springer and George L. Moore were elected ruling Elders. Through all the financial struggles of the church in this part of the history, she had a few men and women who were true and loyal, as is true of all church organizations. No one knew this better than Dr. Howard. Rev. Howard resigned in 1883 and Rev. P. R. Danley was chosen as his successor. During Mr. Danley's pastorate of about two years the church building was completed.but because of a very heavy indebtedness, the congregation was not able to dedicate the house. Mr. Danley was succeeded by Rev. G. N. Wall, who only rem.ained a few months. After Mr. Wall the Rev. F. T. Charlton filled out the remainder of the year. In October, 1886, the Rev. G. W. Van Horn was called to the pastorate. During the first year of Mr. Van Horn's ministry the church was much strengthened by a revival held by Dixon C. Williams, ably assisted by pastor and people. Rev. and Mrs. Van Horn, always most conscientious and consecrated workers, now thought it their duty to go to the foreign field. They accord- ingly offered themselves to the board and were accepted and set apart to work in Japan, where they are still our honored and successful missionaries. The resignation of Mr. Van Horn to go to the foreign field left the church vacant. Cumberland Presbyterian Churcli .'597 The Rev. J. H. Patton was then called and entered upon his duties as pastor on the second Sunday of October, 1888. While the church had been much strengthened spiritually and otherwise during the former pastorate, there remained much to be done. It had never been freed from debt. This was the one discouraging feature of the work when Mr. Patton took charge. $3,500.00 must be raised. A campaign was inaugurated, which lasted three 3'ears,when abovit $4,000.00 was actually paid into the church treasury, in addition to the running ex- penses. This paid off the old debt and covered the expenses of some needed repairs. The church was dedicated from debt October 11, 1891. Dedicatory serv- ices were held by Rev. J. M. Howard D. D., Nashville, Tenn., who was at that time editor of the Cumberland Presbyterian. Dr. Howard was assisted in the service by the pastor, Rev. J. G. Patton, Rev. J. T. Neel, pastor at Hopewell, Rev. Jas. Hamilton pastor of Charleroi Chtirch, and Rev. O. H. P. Graham of the Second M. E. Church. This was a great day for Cumberland Presbyterians in Brownsville. Mr. Patton continued his work as pastor to the close of the year 1898, thus completing a successful pastorate covering over ten years. He left the church well organized with a mcmbci-- ship of 195. Immediately on the resignation of Rev. Patton the session corresponded with Rev. Chas. R. Harmon, then located in Ohio, who preached two sermons on the first Svmday in the year 1899, receiving a unanimotis call to become pastor. On the first Sunday in March, 1899, Mr. Harmon entered upon his duties as pastor. On the evening of the 24th of May, a Presbyterial Commission, consisting of Revs. G. G. Kerr and A. B. Elliott, conducted the installation services. 'the chvirch has had a steady growth in all lines of Avork during the five years of the present pastorate. Some of the things accomplished dtiring these five years are : A deepening of the si^iritual life of the members. Growth of membership to 270 resident members. The church put on a financial basis that enables her to pay all bills by check, monthly, including pastor's salary. The church auditorium made more attractive by an expenditure of $1,300. A new Manse, just erected, and deficiency being provided for so that it was dedicated in May. "Truly the Lord hath done great things for tis Avhereof we are glad." The present Board of Officials are: Elders: George L. Moore, Thomas H. Cline, John M. Springer, Levi P. Shriver, Solomon G. Kreeps, Sr., E. B. Wells and Joseph W. Sullivan. iJeacons: James O. Springer (Secretary and Treasurer), I. V. Kin- der, C. L. Kennedy and James S. Craft. Trustees: Charles H. Vorhees, Thomas A. Shai-pnack and W. W. Cramer. 398 Second Methodist Episcopal Church SECOND METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Bridgeport was originally a part of what was known as the Redstone Circuit, then of the Uniontown and Brownsville Circuit. Later Browns- ville and Bridgeport were constituted a pastoral charge. In 1837, Bridgeport was served by D. L. Dempsey for six months, bttt being unable, financially, to support a pastor, it was again united to Brownsville, where it remained until 1849, when it was made a separate pastoral charge and has remained so ever since. In 1880 the name was changed to Second Church. The following pastors have served this church since 1849-50, Josiah Mansell; 1851, P. M. Gowan; 1852-3, Robert Hamilton; 1854-5, D. A. McCreary; 1856-7, William Stewart; 1858, B. F. McMahon; 1859-60, A. E. Ward; 1861, John Mclntire; 1862-3, Charles W. Smith; 1864-5, J. J. Hays; 1866-7, J. B. Mills; 1868-9, S. W. Horner; 1870-1, C. W. Scott; 1872, Homer J. Smith; 1873-5, John C. Castle; 1876-7, Theodore N. Eaton; 1878-9, Albert Cameron; 1880-2, C. L. F. Cartwright; 1883, R. C. Wolf; 1884-6, D. M. Hol- lister; 1887, H. J. Alt.sman; 1888-92. O. H. P. Graham; 1893-6. William C. Davis; 1897-9, Harry M. Chalfant; 1900-2, J. E. Kidney; 1903, Calvin H. Miller who is still in charge. On the 12th of June 1820 at a meeting of the Trustees of the Methodist Episcopal "Meeting House" of Brownsville, it was unanimously decided to build a frame "Meeting House" in Bridgeport. For some reason, not stated, this project was abandoned at the next meeting in July, but, "Re- solved, that all subscriptions paid for this house shall not be applied to Brownsville, but kept until a meetinghouse can be built in Bridgeport." In the fall of the year 1833, the Trustees, namely, Joseph Reynolds, Adolph Minehart, Charles McFall, Thomas Gregg, and Edward Draper purchased a lot almost opposite the present parsonage. The deed was delivered to the Trustees September 7, 1833, and a foundation for a church was immediately begun and finished. For some reason nothing was done for a year, when the brickwork was put up by John and James Auld. The building was, however, not finished until 1837, when it was dedicated by Rev. S. E. Bab- cock. This building was used by the congregation tmtil the summer of 1863, when under the pastorate of Rev. Charles W. Smith, now editor of the Pitts- burgh Christian Advocate, it was torn down and some of the material used in the building of the present structure. The Sunday School room of the new church was dedicated October 30, 1864, under the pastorate of Rev. J. J. Hays, who was assisted by Charles W. Smith. The auditorium was not completed until July 22, 1866, when it was dedicated under the pastorate of J. B. Mills, now of the East Ohio Conference. He was assisted at the dedica- tion by George Loomis, D. D., Prof. A. B. Hyde, and Rev. A. J. Endsley. In- 1874, a pipe organ was ptirchased under the pastorate of John C. Castle and placed on the platform in the rear of the church. In 1881 under the pastor- ate of Rev. C. L. F. Cartwright, the entire church building was renovated and repaired. The auditorium was frescoed, woodwork painted and grained, pulpit railings added, and platform built on the right-hand side of the pulpit and the organ placed on this platform. During the present year (1904). " 1 ■*« ** .— ■v *. "^T" " '" »^. m i^ ^^a Second M. E. Church, Bridgeport Rev. Calvin H. Miller, Pastor 400 Methodist Protestant Church extensive repairs have been made and a beautiful pipe organ, costing fifteen hundred dollars, has been purchased, one-half of which (seven hundred and fifty dollars) being the gift of Mr. Andrew Carnegie. The repairs, including organ, cost about three thousand dollars. In 1834, the Sunday School of Bridgeport was organized. Charles McFall was elected as superintendent. The school has had continued existence since that time. In 1884, the semi-centennial was celebrated, appropriate exercises were held and a history of its fifty years was written by Miss Irene Barr, to whom the writer of this article is indebted for important data. This school meets every Sunday at 9:20 a. m., under the superintendency of Mr. Thos. D. Hann. It has an enrollment of two hundred and twenty. A Christian Endeavor Society was organized in 1889, which continued until June 16, 1897, when it was changed to Epworth League. This young peoples' society meets for devotional services every Sunday evening at 6:45. Mr. John G. Percy is its president. November 14, 1874, a number of ladies met in the parsonage for the pur- pose of organizing a Pastor's Aid Society. It has had a continuous existence since that time and was a large factor in the building of the present parson- age and kept it repaired since it was built, besides doing a great deal towards repairs on the church. It meets every month at the homes of its members, and besides doing a great deal toward the material support of the church, is a great help to the pastor in keeping him in touch with those who need him, as well as a social factor in the congregation. Preaching every Sunday morning, 10:45. Preaching every Siinday evening, 7:30. Prayer meeting Wednesday evening, 7:30. Reopening of church took place Sunday, April 17, 1904. METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH. This church was organized in Bridgeport in 1830 by the Rev. William Collins, who was its first preacher. In the following year a stone building was erected as a house of worship on lot No. 46, which was at that time bargained to the trustees of this church, but was not transferred by deed until October 16, 1849. The location was on the side of the hill, where the residence of James Kidney now stands. This old church edifice was used by the society until 1866, when the building of the Wesleyan Methodist was purchased. The old meetinghouse was then sold, and the Wesleyan build- ing was then known as the Methodist Protestant house of worship. The Rev. William Collins, above mentioned as the organizer of this church, was succeeded by the Rev. John Lucas, after which time there were a great number of preachers serving the congregation, among whom are recollected John Wilson, George Hughes, William B. Dunlevy, and Zach- ariah Ragan in the old church, and the Revs. Stillwagon, Caruthers, Mark Taylor, J. Simpson and Henry Lucas, during the occupation of the house pur- chased from the Wcsleyans. 402 West Brownsville Churches WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH. The date of the organization of this church has not been definitely ascer- tained, but it is known that it was in existence some years prior to 1848, at which time it had a membership of about seventy-five, and in which year also its meetinghouse (the same which was the Methodist Protestant house of worship) was erected. During its existence the chtirch was served by the Revs. Smith, John P. Bedker, Lyell, Laughead, Tolgen, Planet, McBride, and A. D. ('arter, who was the last of its preachers. ZION A. M. E. CHURCH. Mt. Zion A. M. E. Church was organized by Bishop Paul Quim in 1835 in Brownsville, Pa. The organization removed to Bridgeport in 1837, and after holding services for a considerable time in the schoolhouse, it procured a small brick structure on its present site. Its oldest living members are Rebecca King, Julia Johns, Louisa Mossett, William Johns and Thomas Sorrell. It at present has a commodious frame building with a lecture room and atiditorium with a seating capacity of 450, and a good parsonage of eight rooms and a lot 31 ft. front, back 214 ft. to 51 ft. The church has a inembership of 112 and is one of the oldest churches in the Pittsburg Con- ference. The following ministers have served as pastor: Bishop B. W. Arnett, Bishop Paul Quim, Bishop C. L. Smith, Charles Hebert, W. G. Ralph, Jesse Divine, Solomon Thompson, Jerimiah Lewis, Isaac Coleman, David Conyard, A. R. Green, Jesse Divine, Isaac Coleman, S. T. Jones, Solomon Thompson, Richard Hill, Leven Gross, Jerimiah Lewis, William Brown, G. G. Skinner, L. Clinghorn, T. A. Green, William Jones, Richard Brown, G. W. Webster, J. M. Morris, R. H. Morris, Nelson Terrell,- T. T. Baker, S. C. Honesty, Carter Wright, B. Wheeler, James McTerry, A. E. Walden, C. A. McGee and the present pastor, R. H. Bumry. Its services are as foUow^s : Preaching Sunday at 10:30 a. m. and 7:15 p. m.; Sunday School, 2:30 p. m.; Christian Endeavor Society, 6:00 p. m., with Prayer Meeting on Wednesday even'ng. The church is in a flourishing condition. WEST BROWNSVILLE CHURCHES. SAINT John's church. Saint John's Church, West Brownsville, was consecrated November 25, 1873, by the Rt. Rev. Dr. John B. Kerfoot, Bishop of the Diocese, who was assisted in the service by the Rev. Messrs. Horace E. Hayden, rector of the parish; S. D. Day, R. S. Smith, of St. Peter's, Uniontown; David C. Page, St. John's Chapel, West ]?rownsviIle 404 Some Uniontown Churches of Pittsburg; C. N. Spalding and the Rev. Dr. Spalding, then rector of St. Peter's Church, Pittsbtirg. The Rev. Mr. Page preached the sermon. For many years before this time, mission work had been carried on in West Brownsville under the fostering care of Christ Church, Brownsvi le. It was, owing largely to the generosity and personal interest of Miss Isabella Sweitzer, and a few others, that St. John's Church, a substantial frame structure, capable of seating about 250 people, was built. The Rev. David C. Page ministered to the good people of St. John's for some time, prior to 1873, and took a lively interest in the building of the chtu-ch. In 1873, the Rev. Mr. Hayden became the first and only rector of the parish, assisted by such capable workers as Miss Sweitzer, Jacob McKenna, Esq., and others. Mr. Hayden labored very successfully for the Master here until the close of 1879. During the most of the time from the year 1882, until December 1889, the Rev. Dr. John P. Norman, rector of St. Paul's, Monongahela City, has ministered here most faithftilly and efficiently. For a number of years past, the late Mr. John Bakewell and Mr. James Wilhams have done much, by personal services, to maintain the work. Quite a large Sunday School assembles each week in the lecture room of the church, under the superin- tendence of Mr. Williams and a corps of excellent teachers. Rev. WilUam E. Rambo of Christ Church, Brownsville, is also rector of St. John's Chvirch and under his ministration it has of late shown reviving influences, and activity is again springing into life. SOME OF THE UNIONTOWN CHURCHES. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. It is quite certain that Uniontown was occupied by Presbyterian ministers, as a place for preaching the gospel, a centviry and a quarter ago. This is inferred because there were Presbyterian churches in this county with the regular ministrations of the Word as early as 1774. We have authority for the statement that in 1776 Uniontown was included in the bounds of the Dunlap's Creek Church. When ministers were so near they would not neglect this point. But, we have no recorded nor verbal information in regard to the formative period of the church's history until near the be- ginning of the past century. The first statement to be found anywhere is in the minutes of the Redstone Presbytery. The following extract gives the first reference in these minutes to this church: "At the meeting of the Presbytery at George's Creek, October 11, 1799, application for supplies was made by the vacant congregation of Uniontown. Rev. James Powers was appointed for one Sabbath, and Rcw Samuel Porter for another," both eminent ministers. During the following twel\-c years, application was made at irregular intervals for sujiplies, which were a])pointed. About 1812, Dr. James Dun- First Pre.sbvteriaii Cluiirh 405 lap, a man of considerable ability, cx-y)residL'nt of JflTcrstJU College, came here and u'lnained about two years. He lived in a small log house on the lot immediately to the cast of the court-house. Hi' was jirincipal of an academy, which was condvicted in Madison College Iniilding. Dr. Dunlap preached occasionally in the old court-house, but left in 1S16. In 1817 the Rev. William T. Wiley, a native of Washington County, com- menced preaching and continued as stated su])i)ly for two years, wht'U he was called bv the congregation and became the first regular pastor. He con- tinued until October, 1822. For a period of live years, after this, the church was suppUed by the Presbytery, Dr. A. G. Fairchild preaching frequently. We trace briefly a history of the buildings erected at dift'erent dates, show- ing the progress made in the material interests of the church since its organi- zation, and the gradual architectual development which culminated in the present beautiful and imposing edifice. Of the circumstances attending the building of the first house of worship erected bj^ the Presbyterian Church of Uniontown, but little is know-n. It was located on Morgantown Street, a few feet north of the lot on which the Epis- copal Church now stands, and not far from the old market hottse. This was a plain, one-story brick house with the old-fashioned high-back pews and elevated pulpit. For some reason, doubtless as a matter of economy, it was located on public ground; to this objections were subset [uen fly made. The agitation of the ciuestions of its removal because of these objections, was probably the chief reasons for its early abandoment as it seems to have been occupied and allowed to stand but about ten years. The erection of this building was begun some time in the year 182-i but was not completed and dedicated — if formally dedicated at all — until Janu- ary, 1827. Previous to the date of entering this house the congregation worshiped, for the most part, in the old court-house. The Rev. J. H. Agnew w^as called to the pastorate of this church about the time of the completion and dedication of this first church building, and remained with the congrega- tion until April 12, 1831, when, on account of ill health, he was released by the Presbytery. The Rev. Joel Stoneroad, having received a call from the congregation, was ordained and installed by the Presbytery in this house on the 14th day of December, 1831, and continued his pastoral relations, thus formed, until April 14, 1842. It was therefore during Mr. Stoneroad's pastorate that the second sanctuary was erected in 1837 and '38. This house, which was comjdeted in the sj)ring of 1838, stood back a little from the street on the lot now occu])ied by the new Central Presbyterian Church, and is said to have cost about $5,500. The Rev. Joel Stoneroad, being in charge at the time the church was built, was the first pastor to occupy the new pulpit; this he contintied to do until April 14, 1842. Five ministers, after Mr. Stoneroad, occupied the pulpit of this second building as regular pastors of the church, namely; Rev. Andrew Ferrier, D. D., from Novem- ber, 1842 till August 6, 1844; Rev. Mr. Owen from June 26. 1845, to Novem- ber 20, 1852; Rev. James H. Callen from April 27, 1853, to April 10, 1855. Rev. William F. Hamilton from October 1855, vmtil the building, which was 406 First Presbyterian Church considerably damaged by fire in the spring of 1857, was torn away to give place to a new and still better house. The third edifice erected by the congregation was completed and dedicated to God on the 10th day of April, 1860. This was a two-story brick house, 47 by 75 feet in size. The auditorium was at one time handsomely frescoed and fairly well ftirnished. The windows were stained glass, which were renewed and improved in 1881. In this house, in the fall of 1881, the last session of the old Synod of Pittsburg was held and the Synod dissolved. In the nearly 35 years' occupancy of this house by the congregation they were served by four pastors, namely: Rev. W. H. Hamilton, who was the pastor at the time the church was erected, and who resigned his office here on the 31st day of May, 1866. The Rev. W. W. Ralston was installed as pastor on the 28th day of April, 1867. He resigned October 1, 1867. Mr. Ralston was succeeded by Rev. S. S. Gilson, who was installed May 1, 1874 — resigned in June, 1879. A call was made for the services of Rev. A. S. Milholland on the 17th of April, 1880. He preached his first sermon to the congregation, after locating here, on the second Sabbath in May, and was installed on the 15th of June, following. A congregational meeting was called by the advice of the session for the purpose of considering the question of repairing the old house or building a new one, and was held on Saturday, July 5, 1890, when, on motion made by Judge Nathaniel Ewing, seconded by Judge Edward Campbell, it was re- solved that "It is the sense of this congregation that a new church building be erected." Pending a pretty thorough discussion of the question. Judge J. K. Ewing, in answer to a question, proposed by Capt. W. A. McDowell, as to the character, style and probable cost, expressed himself in favor of a handsome edifice, preferring a substantial stone building with all the modern improvements. This seemed to meet the approval of the congregation and the resolution was unamiously adopted. On motion of Judge Edward Campbell, seconded by Judge J. K. Ewing, the presiding officer of the meeting was empowered to appoint a building committee. The committee was immediately appointed, consisting of Judge Edward Campbell, Judge John K. Ewing, Captain W. A. McDowell, Dr. I. C. Hazlett and Mr. M. H. Bowman. Other names were subsequently added. A soliciting committee was in like manner appointed, consisting of Judge Nathaniel Ewing, M. H. Bowman, D. W. McDowell, WilHam M. Thompson, J. M. Core, W. L. Robinson, Ross B. Reed, Miss Anna L. Ewing, Mrs. Capt. Schoonmaker and Mrs. A. D. Boyd. Soon after this meeting a subscription paper was in due form prepared by the chairman of the soliciting committee, and the subscription headed with SI 0,000 by a member of the congregation. This Avas shortly after supple- mented by other subscriptions ranging from $500 to $5,000 and later larger and lesser amounts were given. After a number of meetings had been held liy the building committee, a special committee was appointed, of which Judge J. K. Ewing was the chair- man, to secure the best possible design for the building, receive proposals and direct the general construction of the new church edifice. Judge Ewing accordingly thereafter gave the matter all due attention, and was indeed First Presbyterian Church 407 most assiduous in his efforts to secure the most suital)lc i)lans, the most chaste and beautiful architecture, ornamentation, decoration, finish and furniture; the most substantial construction and withall the most economical, con- sidering the character of the house, the quality of the material, style and excellence of workmanshi]i. To his generous efforts, more than to any other, is the congregation indel)ted for the present most commodious and idegant edifice. On the 20th day of June, 1892, a congregational meeting was held, at which Mr. William Kauffman, architect, of Pittsburg, st:bmitted plans which were adopted. Sealed proposals by four or five contractors and builders were subsequently submitted and the contract awarded to the lowest bidder, who was Mr. H. L. Kreusler, of Pittsburg. The stone and brick work was sublet by Mr. Kreusler to Mr. Rces Lindsley & Co., of Pitts- burg. At a meeting of the congregation which was dtily con\-ened on the 5th day of April, 1893, the deacons were authorized to make sale of the lot and church Iniildings, which were then still occupied. This property was accordingly subsequently sold for $14,000, to Prof. Griffith, to be used by him as an academy, but soon after passed into the hands of the new Central Presbyterian Church. But shortly before being made ready for occupancy by that congregation — extensive repairs having been made upon the building — it was entirely destroyed by fire. After the selling of this house in Sep- tember, 1893, the congregation contintied to occupy it — holding full ])0sses- sion — until September 2, 1894, when it held its last services in, and vacated the house to which, through years of hallowed associations, many of the older memlaers esjiecially, of the church, were reverently attached. From this time iintil the chaiiel of the new church building was ready for occupanc}', the congregation, through the kindness of the pastor and people of the Methodist Episcopal Church, held services jointly with them in their comfortable and commodious house. This fraternal arrangement, which seemed to be very much enjoyed by all concerned, was continued tmtil January 27, 1895, when they held their first religious services in the chapel or Sabbath-school room, of their new Iniilding. (They continued thus to occupy the chapel until the first of March, 1896.) In the meantime work on the other portions of the edifice had progressed without interruption under the general supervision of Judge J. K. Ewing, assisted by Mr. John D. Carr, who had been employed from the time the building was begun, for the pvir- pose of overseeing the mechanical execution of the work. The corner stone was laid June IG, 1894. The Rev. W. W. Ralston, D. D., (at that time one of the only four surviving pastors of this church) had been invited, and was expected to make the address on the occasion, but was suddenly taken sick, and unable to be present. In his absence the Rev. Dr. Y. N. Boyle, pastor of the M. E. Church, of Uniontown, was invited and kindly consented to make the address, which was a very happy and appro- priate one and was delivered and enthusiastically received by the large assembly present. The day of the dedication of the new chtu-ch building — the 8th day of March, 1896 — though the ground was covered with a deep snow, and the temperature was far below freezing, was a happy day to the people of the 408 Second Presbyterian Church First Presbyterian Church, of Uniontown. The event which occurred was of far more than ordinary interest to them all. They were on that day privileged to witness the culmination of their labors for the past several years, or since the first congregational meeting was held in July, 1890, look- ing toward the erection of this building. As they contemplated the very complete, commodious, handsomely finished edifice, they felt their expecta- tions had been more than realized, their prayers more than answered, and with glad and grateful hearts for the goodness and loving kindness of the Lord in thus crowning their efforts with so great success, they solemnly set apart their beautiful buildings to the worship and services of the Almighty God. Rev. A. S. Milholland, D. D., the present pastor, was installed June 15, 1880. Present officers of the church are, present session: Rev. A. S. Milholland, D. D.; elders, Hon. John K. Ewing, L. L. D., Hon. Nathanael Ewing, Ross B. Reid; clerk, William M. Thompson; Albert J. McDowell, John C. Fulton, Daniel Gans, John M. Taylor, Daniel H. Thompson. Deacons, M^illiam H. Miller, M. H. Bowman, D. W. McDowell, Dr. L. S. Gaddis, John M. Care, T. R. Wakefield, Judge R. E. Umble. SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Central Presbyterian church was organized September 14, 1893, and the congregation worshiped in Commercial hall from September, 1893, to September, 1894. On September 9, 1894, they went into the old church building and worshiped until November 12, 1894, when the building was burned. The congregation worshiped a short time in the Cumberland church and on December 9, 1894, went into the opera house, where they held services for about a year. The first meeting held to consider the building of a new church was November 13, 1894. The charter members of the church who are still with it and in good stand- ing, are Retta C. Bierer, John A. Bryson, Mrs. Anna B. Bryson, Mr. and Mrs. John C. Beatty, Mr. and Mrs. S. H. Brehm, Mrs. Joseph Beatty, Miss Florence Beatty, Mrs. Rebecca Craft, Miss Maggie Elliott, Mr. and Mi's. John E. Finley, Mrs. Thomas W. Holland, Mrs. George Green, Mr. and Mrs. William Hen- shaw, Mrs. Maria J. Henshaw, Mr. and Mrs. EHas B. Jefferies, Mr. and Mrs. John S. Jvmk, Mrs. Almira Longanecker. The present modern building was begtm in 1895 and the first service was held in the Sunday-school room in November, 1895. Rev. Dr. S. R. Gordon began his work as pastor of the church January 1, 1894, with 56 members and a debt of $12,500. There are now almost 300 members, 297 persons have been received since Dr. Gordon came, 165 have been received on confession of faith in Christ. 81 adults have been baptized and an average of 30 each year have been added to the church since its organization. Just 29 of the original 56 members are in the church now. It is the youngest church in the city and yet in its membership it stands fovirth. The chuxxh Dr. S. R. Gordon 409 cannot boast of age but it can of rapid growth, vigor, influence, size and re- sults. The present officials of the church are, Elders. — ^John R. Willson, Esq., John E. Finley, Saimiel H. Brchm, Wm. J. Dickson, C. L. Smith, Wm. A. Rankin. "Trustees. — S. H. Brehm, John S. Jtink, William Henshaw, Wm. J. Dick- son, J. M. Silbaugh. Treasurer. — John A. Bryson. S. S. Officers. — S. H. Brehm, superintendent; J. A. Bryson, assistant superintendent; John Lackey, secretary; Miss Cora C. Willson, treasurer; Miss Retta C. Bierer, primary teacher; Chas. L. Smith, Bible class teacher. Prof. E. K. Heyser has led the choir and has had full charge of the music for about six years, to the entire satisfaction of the whole congregation. There has not been so much as a "ripple" in the choir since he has had charge of it. The choir consists of Miss Anna R. Downs, Miss Mm-iel Crawford, sopranos; Miss Cora C. Willson, Mrs. W. E. Isensee, alto; Frank Hurst, tenor; James E. Cook, M. G. Russell, bass. The new church was erected at a cost of about $25,000, built when materials and work were very low. The same building would now cost $40,000. The old church building cost $14,000. The repairs on the old church building cost $2,500. Interest on money borrowed, current expenses, exclusive of benevolences and general expenses for the last 10 years have amounted to about $32,500, making a total of $75,000, all of which has been paid. This has been done by a church but ten years old and with a membership ranging from 56 to 275. It is true material help was given by friends outside of the church membership, all of which has been very greatly appreciated by the members of the Second Church. It shows the standing this church has in the eyes of the good business men of the city. The large south window of the auditor! vim was placed there by the memlocrs in recognition of the services of their first pastor. Dr. Gordon. The window on Church street was put in by John R. Willson, Esq., and Miss Mary J. Will- son in honor of their brother, the late James Willson. The church is in a more prosperous condition now than it has been since its organization and the handsome new building which the congregation now occupy will compare favorably with any of the modern churches about the town. The dimensions of the church are 80x102 and the seating capacity is 500. DR. S. R. GORDON. Rev. 'Dr. S. R. Gordon, pastor of the Second Presbyterian church, was born in 1852 near Mercer, Pa. " His early life was spent on the farm and at the age of 14 he entered Westminster college, from which he graduated in 1874 with great credit to himself. He spent one year in Auburn Theological Seminary. In 1875 he entered the Western Theological Seminary at Allegheny, from which he graduated in 1877 with honors. On his graduation he settled at Pulaski, Pa., where he was ordained and 410 Bethel Baptist Church installed in May, 1877. He remained there four years and was very successful in his work. It was during his pastorate there that he married Miss Fannie Torrence of Xenia, Ohio, and Dr. and Mrs. Gordon recently celebrated their silver wedding anniversary. In the fall of 1880 Dr. Gordon accepted a call to the Sharon church, one of the largest country chtirches in the presbytery of Pittsburg, to be the successor of Father Jennings, who had closed his fifty years pastorate the previous summer. A few years later Parnassus gave him a call which was accepted and his labors there were signally blessed. The structiu-e gave way to a splendid new one, the congregation increased and many were added to the chtrrch. From Pai'nassus Dr. Gordon was called to the Church of the Covenant, in Pittsburg, which was later merged into the Third Presbyterian church. During his pastorate the congregation grew and the church building was enlarged twice. Twice he was honored with the presidency of the ministerial association of Pittsburg and Allegheny, and was sent by his presbytery as a delegate to the general assembly in 1893, which was made famous by the trial of Prof. Briggs. In 1888 he was elected a member of the board of directors of the Western Theological Seminary and was twice reelected. In 1893 he was chosen president of the Allegheny County C. E. association, which then ntmibered 6,000 members. In 1894 Dr. Gordon accepted a call to the Central Presbyterian church of Uniontown, now the Second Presbyterian. He accepted the responsible position and withovit a house in which to worship preached to his people in a hall until they could enter their edifice. His work here has been very effective, as will be noted by a reading of the history of the church . In 1 894 Dr. Gordon received his honorary title of D. D. BETHEL B.\PTIST CHL'RCM This organization was founded in the year 1770, and is evidently one of the first religious societies established within the boundaries of Fayette County, and can be traced by its own records as a distinct organization down to the present time. In the oldest book of records now in the possession of the church the follow- ing entry is made on the first page: "The Regular Baptist Church of Jesus Christ at Uniontown, Pa., unwilling that their origin should be lost in ob- security, and apprehending, from the decayed state of the annals respecting the institution and progress thereof, and that they will shortly become un- intelligible, have by an unanimous resokition passed on this 12th day of November, 1812, ordered that the first book of said church should be tran- scribed line for line in the same words and the same manner in which it was written, and that our brother, Samuel King, be appointed for this service." From the transcript made by Mr. King, in ])ursuance of that resolution, the following letter is copied verbatim, viz: "The Chui-ch of Jesus Christ Bethel, Constituted as is supposed in Province of Pennsylvania, holds Believes, Baptism, &c., &c., sindeth greeting. To Bethel Baptist Church 411 all Christian People to whom these may Concern, Know ye that Isaac Sutton is in full communion with us, and is of a Regular and of a Christian Conversation, and for aught we know is approved by us in general as a gifted Brother, and we do tmitedly agree that he should Improve his Gifts as a candidate for the ministry where Ever god in his Providence shall Call him. sign'd by us this Eighth day of November, in the year of our lord Christ — 1770. "Witness our hands, Jacob Vanmetre. Richard Hall. Zepheniah Blackford. Because we are few in number our Sisters are allowed to sign. Rachel Sutton. Lettice Vanmetre. Sarah Hall. "N. B. — That this Church was Consti- tuted by me, Nov. 7th, 1770, and that the Bearer was licensed to Preach before me, or in my Presence, as witness my hand this Sth day of Nov., 1770. Henry Crosbye." Associations:- — The Redstone Association, according to Benedict's "His- tory of the Baptists," was organized in 1776. In 1777 Great Bethel Church sent the following messengers to that body, viz: Isaac Sutton and Philip Jenkins. Owing "to the difficulty of the times," it did not suit to hold the Association that year at Muddy Creek, and it was agreed that it should be held at the house of Isaac Sutton. It is obvious from this that Great Bethel was one of the original members of the Redstone Association, with which it continued until 1836, and the branch which still clung to Rev. William Brownfield continued to send delegates until 1846, when William Brownfield, I. Hutchinson and S. Davis were sent to Indiana Creek Church, where it met that year. The other branch of the Church soon after their separation sent messengers to the Pittsburg Association, and were admitted to that body, of which this church remained a member until 1856. On the 26th of April, 1856, a letter was sent to the Pittsbtirg Association requesting dis- missal from them, with a view of uniting with the Monongahela Association. Their request was granted, and the same year, on applying to the Mononga- hela Association for admission, they were received into that body, with which they still continue. Sabbath School: — The first Sunday school in connection with this chvarch was organized in July, 1845, on motion of Rev. Isaac Wynn. As near as can be ascertained by reliable data the first church building was erected about 1788 or 1789 and Rev. Isaac Sutton was the first minister. Several houses of worship have been built in the years that have passed, but 14 412 Cumberland Presbyterian Church the present structure was completed in 1902, and is located on the comer of West Fayette and Union Streets. It is of Cleveland stone, after the Ro- manesque style of architecture, with a corner tower. There are two cloisters and a parsonage connected. The auditorium is octagonal, dome-lighted and there are three galleries. The auditorium is furnished with a magnifi- cent pipe organ and is separated from a large and well- equipped Simday- school room by a hoisting partition. The members belonging to Great Bethel Church, living near and beyond the Youghiogheny, were permitted to organize as a branch of the chiirch on the 20th of September, 1783, but we have no further record of this organiza- tion. October 16, 1784, the church at George's Creek was dismissed by re- quest and has since become one of the leading members of the Monongahela Association Many other organizations also sprang from Great Bethel Church, in consequence of which, it is very appropriately termed the mother of Baptist chtirches in this section of Pennsylvania. Among those who early ministered to the spiritual wants of the members of Great Bethel Church we find the names of Revs. David Loofborrow, William Brownfield, John Thomas, Dr. James Estep, William Penny, Wil- liam Wood, and Israel D. King. Following these were Revs. Dr. John Boyd, James Sutton, William Loveberry, Milton Sutton, Seymour, Isaac Wynn, E. M. Miles, S. H. Ruple, B. P. Ferguson, C. E. Barto, W. W. Hickman, F. B. LaBarrer, J. O. Critchlow, and Rev. H. F. King, D. D., who was installed September 1, 1888, and still continues to the present time. The present officers of the church are: Clerk, D. M. Hertzog; assistant, Ralph Hickman; treasurer, J. S. Douglas; deacons, N. P. Cooper, Samuel Hatfield, J. S. Douglas, D. M. Hertzog, George L. Sloan; trustees, J. S. Douglas, G. W. Semans, J. V. E. Ellis, D. P. Gibson, N. P. Cooper, O. J. Sturgis, J. Q. Van Swearingen. CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. "A brief narrative of the rise and organization of the Cumberland Presby- terian Church at Uniontown, Penn'a: "In that vast series of events arising in the administration of Divine Provi- dence, such events occurred as directed the labors of the Cumberland Presby- terian missionaries to this place. In the month of December, 1831, a pro- tracted meeting was held by the Revs. A. M. Brien and Milton Bird, which continued five days. Although it commenced under very inauspicious cir- cumstances, yet it closed with quite favorable auspices. Owing to the numerous and imperious calls elsewhere, another was not held tmtil the latter part of January, 1832, a third was held dtu-ing the month of February, both by the above-named ministers. Those two last occasions were in- creasingly signalized with displays of Divine influence in the conviction and conversion of sinners, and iii exciting the attention of many who had hitherto been thoughtless to serious reflection and decision on the subject of Chris- tianitv. St. Peter's Protestant Ki)iseopal Church 41.'] "A desire having been and still being expressed by sundry individuals for the formation of a Cumberland Presbyterian congregation, and God in his providence having opened an effectual door in this borough and adjacent neighborhood, the above desire was accomplished by the formation of a Cum- berland Presbyterian congregation in 1832. It having been manifested that sttch an event would meet the Divine approbation, additions were made from time to time, and in 1832, this congregation was regularly organized. The names of the original members are not given in the record. The first name that appears with dates are Sabina Campbell, Lewis Marchand, Sarah Marchand, and Ann Maria McCall, who appear to have been admitted as members on the 23d of December, 1832. The first pastor of the chtirch was the Rev. Milton Bird. We have been unable to get any record of the chtirch from 1832 to 1883. The pastors in the order of their succession since the latter date are Revs. M. R. Baugh, W. S. Danley, H. C. Bird, and the present pastor, Rev. James Douglas Gould, Ph. D., who became pastor on the first of December, 1903. The present officers of the church are. Elders: H. C. Jeffries, W. H. Barnes, W. T. Kennedy, John M. Campbell, J. P. Adams, C. W. McCann, C. F. Green, T. T. Sembower, John L. Huston, Dr. J. F. Hackney, and Levi Frances. The beacons are: J. W. Dawson, G. B. Jeffries, W. H. Moore, Jacob Newcomer, Dr. M. L. Johnson, and WilHam Jacobs. The present church edifice was built in 1883 and stands on the corner of Beeson Avenue and Church Street. It is a Gothic structure built of brick with stone trimming, has a tower on one corner and a tall, graceful steeple on another. It stands in a large, well-shaded grassy yard which extends from the street in front to the street in the rear. The interior arrangement is excellent for church work, having a good pipe organ, choir and organ rooms to the rear, a spacious gallery, reading and conversation rooms, ban- quet hall, kitchen, lavatories, bathroom for men and Stmday-sehool room, and is handsomely finished and furnished throughotit. ST. Peter's protestant episcopal church, St. Peter's Church edifice at Union town was built in 1842, and being furnished with temporary seats and benches (the legs of which were made of spokes from old stage wheels) , was opened and consecrated in October of the same year by Bishop Onderdonk. Before that time services were held periodically, first in the (old) court-house, and next in the Reform Methodist Church, the walls of which the Episcopals plastered, and furnished in part with the aforesaid temporary seats, the Rev. W. W. Arnett officiating for the Episcopalians, and continuing rector of the parish till December, 1844, when he resigned. Capt. John Sowers and Hon. R. P. Flenniken were, at a vestry meeting held March 21, 1842, appointed wardens of said St. Peter's Church, then building, and L. W. Stockton, Daniel Smith, Daniel Huston, Dr. A. H. Camp- bell, and William P. Wells were the other vestrymen. On Mr. Arnett's resignation the Rev. S. W. Crampton accepted a call, but resigned in May, 414 St. John's Roman Catholic Church 1845, after which Mr. James Mcllvaine (then a vestryman) held services as lay reader once every Lord's Day till March, 1846, when Rev. Norris M. Jones took charge of the parish, and resigned in October, 1848. November of the same year. Rev. Mr. Lawson was appointed to the parish by Bishop Potter. He resigned in 1849, and Rev. Dr. Rawson had charge of the parish till 1851, when Rev. Theodore S. Rumney succeeded him, and resigned the charge in the fall of 1855, when Rev. Hanson T. Wilcoxson took charge of the parish, which he resigned on accotmt of impaired health in November, 1856. In July, 1857, Rev. Faber Byllesby (then a deacon), took charge of the parish, which he resigned in October, 1859, after which occasional serv- ices were held by Rev. John Seithead, Jubal Hodges, and others till April, 1862, when Rev. R. S. Smith took charge of the parish. He was fol- lowed by Rev. John S. Wightman. After Rev. Wightman, Rev. John S. Lightburn took charge. In June, 1903, the present pastor, Rev. F. E. J. Lloyd, D. D., was installed. The present church edifice was built in 1883 of sandstone at a cost of $40,000, and is handsomely finished and furnished. The present officials of the church are John N. Dawson, senior warden; John Thorndell, junior warden and treasurer, and is also superintendent of the Sunday School; Dr. A. P. Bowie, secretary of the vestry; WilHam C. DuComb, organist and choir master. The church also has a fine parish house on Church Street, in which all of the organizations of the church have their headquarters and where they meet. For a period of nearly thirty-five years from the erection of the edifice of St. Peter's Church, in Uniontown, there hung in its tower an ancient bell, bearing the device of a crown and the date 1711, it having been cast in Eng- land in that year, during the reign of Queen Anne, and by her presented to Christ Church of Philadelphia. It was used by that church for almost fifty years, and in 1760 was transferred to St. Peter's Church of Uniontown, where it remained more than eighty years, being displaced in 1842 by a chime of bells which had been presented to that church. The old bell was returned to Philadelphia. ST. John's roman catholic church. About the year 1850 a Roman Catholic house of worship was erected on Morgan town Street in Uniontown. The first mention which is found of its congregation is by the Rev. Malachi Garvey in 1856, when he reported six- teen families and forty-two communicants at the Easter Commtmion in that year. On the 5th of September in the same year Bishop O'Connor, of this diocese, administered confirmation to fifteen persons. In June, 1881, the Uniontown Mission and adjacent districts were set off as the Uniontown District, with the Rev. C. T. McDermott as pastor. He continued in the pastorate till June 24, 1885, when he was succeeded by Rev. Edward Dignam whose pastorate commenced June 28, 1885, and continued till December of the same year. The charge was then supplied from January First Methodist Episcopal Church 415 1, 1886, to May 16th of the same year by Revs. Alexander Hughes C. P. and Bernardine C. P. Rev. Wilham Kittell served from May 30, 1886, to Decem- ber 12, 1893. Rev. B. P. Kenna commenced the pastorate December 13, 1893, and still continues the work. The present church edifice is a cruciform 122 by 70 feet, built of brick and trimmed with Cleveland stone and is of the Romanesque style of architecture. The building was commenced in the fall of 1893, the corner stone was laid June 10, 1894, and the church was dedicated May 19, 1895. It is located on Jefferson Avenue. FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. At the session of Conference held in Baltimore May 28, 1784, Redstone Circuit was formed, which included all of Pennsylvania west of the Allegheny Mountains. John Cooper and Samuel Breeze were appointed to this circuit. They came to Uniontowri, probably in June, as Bishop Asbury preached in Uniontown Jtily 7, 1784, to a congregation of seven hundred persons, and it is probable that Cooper and Breeze came with him. But the pecuHar polity of Methodism in working the laymen as local preachers and exhorters had forestalled the appearance of the regular circuit preachers, who found in the vicinity of Uniontown Robert Wooster, a local preacher from England. Wooster, according to the best authority attainable, came to America about the year 1771, and commenced preaching in the neighborhood of Uniontown about 1780. Many traditions have been handed down in Methodist families concerning Wooster and his work, from which it is thought to be more than probable that he organized classes at several points in and around Union- town. The early records of the society at Uniontown were not preserved, so that a correct list of the persons forming the first class or society cannot be furnished, although many of them are known. The oldest record now in the possession of the church (prior to 1881) is a treasiirer's book opened in 1807. Cooper and Breeze remained on Redstone circuit but one year under the custom of annual changes, which was then the rvilc. They were followed by Peter Moriarity, John Fitler and Wilson Lee. It is probable that Bishop Asbury came to Uniontown with the new preachers as he writes that he exhorted in Beesontown, July 19, 1785. It is not known exactly when the first meetinghouse was erected, but as Asbury preached in it July 1, 1786, it is probable that it was built in 1785. This first church was built of logs and was 35 by 70 feet, including a school- house at the west end, which, however, seems to have been built on at a later date. Bishop Asbury commenced the annual session of conference in this house August 22, 1788. During this session of conference, Michael Leard was ordained and it is said that he was the first Methodist preacher ordained west of the Allegheny mountains. Owing to some inconvenience and at the in- vitation of Mrs. Ann Murphy, the place of meeting of the conference was changed from the primitive church to the home of Mrs. Murphy, who not only furnished a place for the meeting of the conference but entertained the whole 416 African Methodist Episcopal Church body, including the Bishop, during the entire conference. Mrs. Murphy was a great power in the church for good, and many of her descendents are still living in Fayette County, btit few of them, it seems, now belong to the Methodist Church. Many able and eloquent men have presided over the destinies of the First Methodist Episcopal Church at Uniontown and there is perhaps not another point Avest of the Allegheny mountains where the associations and memories of Methodism concentrate as at Uniontown. The early planting of Method- ism, its well-sustained efforts in hehalf of liberal education, the prominent position held by the denomination in its earlier days, and the great and good men who have been connected with the appointment, have conspired to make Uniontown an historical center in Western Methodism. The present church building is of brick, two stories high with slate roof and was erected in 1877-8. It has a seating capacity of about 700 and is located on Morgantown Street. The trustees at present are, A. D. Conwell, J. A.' Strickler, J. F. Detwiler, F. C. Keighley, J. V. Williams, Elijah Crossland, A. E. Jones, R. S. McCrum, and J. V. Graft. The stewards are, H. F. Detwiler, R. F. Hoopwod, H. L. Robinson, Harry Whyel, W. C. Black, R. I. Patterson, Frank Lewellen, C. H. LaClair, W. H. Miller, I. H. Brownfield, J. K. Ritenour, T. S. Lackey, and C. H. Dickson. Superintendent of Sunday school, R. F. Hopwood; presi- dent of Epworth League, A. E. Jones; local preacher, R. F. Sutton; class leader, H. L. Blackburn. The pastors since 1881 were Revs. N. P. Kerr, WilHam Lynch, W. P. Ttimer, T. N. Boyle, T. F. Pershing and E. G. Loughry, D. D., the present pastor, who was installed October 20, 1901. AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. In the year 1822 a class of colored Methodists was formed at Uniontown, under charge of the Rev. George BoUar, a regular minister, sent out by the Annual Conference of the African M. E. Church. The members of that class were Mrs. Hannah Burgess, John Woods, Henrietta McGill, John Webster, Sarah Woods, Sarah Griffin, David Lewis, Betsy Pritchard, Hannah Webster, and Barney Griffin. Meetings were held in the house of Mary Harman for two years, when they moved to Joseph Allen's house, on the same street. A lot was bought for $75, June 10, 1835, of Zadoc Springer, and on this lot a log building was erected as a place of worship. In 1855 the old building was demoHshed, and a brick edifice was erected on the same site. Among the preachers were Revs. Noah Cameron, Charles Gray, Paul Gwin, Samuel Clingman, Thomas Lawrence, A. R. Green, Charles Peters, S. H. Thompson, Coleman, Hargrave, Fayette Davis, J. Bowman, William Zuman, S. H. Thompson, N. H. Turpin, William Ralph, Severn Grace, R. A. Johnson, C. R. Green, Daniel Cooper, J. W. Asbury, W. C. West, W. J. Phillips, S. T. Jones, W. S. Lowry. Some of the Karl}- Couutr}- Churches 417 ZION CHAPEL OF THE A. M. E. CHURCH. A colored class of this denomination, composed of five persons, was organ- ized by the Rev. Isaac Coleman in the fall of 1848. The class was under a mission charge, and for several years was supplied by- the Rev. Isaac Cole- man, J. B. Trusty, and T. S. Jones. It became a separate charge under Rev. Charles Clingman. His successors have been J. P. Harner, William Burley, Charles Wright, William Johnson, N. H. Williams, D. B. Matthews, William J. McDade, H. H. Blackstone, W. A. McClure, and J. W. Tirey and others. In February, 1857, a lot was purchased of Joseph Benson, on the National Road, east of Redstone Creek, and an old building standing on it was fitted up as a house of worship during the following summer. This was done while the church was under charge of the Rev. Charles Wright. On the 27th of April, 1869, additional land was purchased and added to the lot, and a brick church edifice of the society was erected on it soon afterwards. A branch of this church was organized at George's Creek, and a church building was erected for its use on the Baxter farm. METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH. In the fall of 1830 several members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Uniontown withdrew from it, and at a iTieeting held by them at the court- house, were organized into a class of the Methodist Protestant denomination by the Rev. Zachariah Hagan. In March 1840, a lot was purchased of John Philips, located on the corner of Bank Alley and Church Street, and on this a brick edifice of the society was erected soon afterwards. The first preacher was Moses Scott. He was succeeded by Jaines Robinson, Williain Marshall, Joseph Burns, and others, while the society was yet served by circuit preachers. The Rev. John Scott was appointed to the charge when it was first made a station. SOME OF THE EARLY COUNTRY CHURCHES. SEVENTH-DAY BAPTIST. George Township was the home of the only congregation of this faith ever organized in the county. The Woodbridgeton Church was organized prior to 1790, by Rev. Samuel Woodbridge, who came here in 1779. The congre- gation served by Revs. Woodbridge and Enoch David, went down some time after the war of 1812, and the old log church was torn down years ago. The old graveyard, however, escaped the fate of the old church, and is well fenced and neatly kept, and has been enlarged. A Union church stands near, but no Seventh-day Baptist remains to worship within its walls. 418 Free-Will Baptist Church FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCH. This denomination was intrdouced in Fayette County, at Fayette City, by Elder John AViUiams about 1820, and flourished up to 1853, when dissatis- faction with Elder Williams led to the downfall and dissolution of the church in 1860. The next Free-Will Baptist Church was organized at Belle Vernon in 1843, and its constituent members were from the jordon, Free and Sprin- ger families. Over a half a century in age it has grown and prospered. EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. The German element of pioneer population was distinctively Lutheran in religion, while some of its later accessions were Mennonites and Dunkards, and among their descendants were founded three of the later German churches of America. The Germans formed a larger and smaller settlement area in the county. They occupied the very Egypt of the county's richest farming lands in the West, giving name to German township, and a second but later settlement center was made by Germans in the northwest, in Salt- lick Township. From German Township, their settlement extended into Nicholson and Springhill. The first church, a rude log structure, was built prior to 1785. The Franks, Masons, Hartmans, Pocks, Everlys, Huhns, Fasts, Barrickmans and others, were the founders. This mother church was known for 3^ears as the "Dutch Church." and has a baptism record of over fifteen hundred, while its membership for many years has always been over two hundred. The second settlement, which was Saltlick, contained some German Re- formed Church members, but both elements were under the same Lutheran pastor for many years. This church, now Good Hope, w-as organized about 1788 and a log house w-as built. Among its founders were the Dumbaulds, Millers, Snyders and Immels. St. John's Church, near Morris' Cross Roads, was organized in 1865 as a branch of the old Dutch Church, by the Bakers , Emerys and others. The Connellsville Church was established in 1874 by the Hertzels, Wilhelms and Snyders. The membership reached nearly two himdred. Preaching is both in English and German. St. Paul's was or- ganized at Uniontown, December 18, 1885, with Rev. J. A. Warers, pastor, and forty-one of a membership. It has now a membership of nearly one hundred and fifty. Within late years churches were established at Chalk Hill and at Jumonville through the labors of Rev. A. W. Watters. The Lutheran Church has always stood as the mother church of Protes- tanism, and her great mass of German followers have always been noted for their industry, frugality, economy and material prosperity, being generally more useful than ambitious members of society, though patriotic and very capable of the discharge of all public duties. CHURCH OF GOD. The Church of God, or Winebrenarains, was founded in Saltlick Township by the Fousts, Pritts and Hostetlers, over forty years ago. Diinkards or (ieniian Baptists 419 BRETHERN IN CHRIST. About 1868 George Shoemaker introduced this ehurch at Markleysburg, and it was generally known as the Shoemaker Church. DUNKARDS (TUNKERs) OR GERMAN BAPTISTS. Martin Stuckman and Ludwing Snyder came in 1799 froin Maryland and formed the Tyrone Church in 1812. Fairview Church in Nicholson was or- ganized in 1835; Markleysburg, about 1850; Bethel in Warton, 1850; Groves in Georges, 1837; Masontown, before 1870; and Uniontown, in 1884, with additional congregations. The Bakers, Gans, Mosiers, Aches, Covers, Sterlings, and Longaneckers were among the prominent and early members in German Township and along the river, while the Workmans, Thoinases and Knoxes were among the early pioneers of the faith in the mountains. Of late years dissensions on the subject of dress, and other matters, have led to a division of the church into three bodies, the Conservatives, the large majority, and the Progressives, who ignore all dress restraints. Like the members of all other German denominations the Dunkards are peaceable and industrious citizens. THE MENNONITE CHURCH. The Mennonite Church, near Masontown, was fotmded about 1790 by the Johnson fainilies and a few others. But few, if any, of this denomination are now to be found in the neighborhood of Masontown, but in other parts of the state there are still several congregations. In West Virginia and in Virginia, particularly in the Shenandoah Valley, there are many Mennonites. They are a peace-loving, industrious and prosperous people, and are universally respected wherever they are known. Complete List of Telephone Subscribers in the Three Towns C. D. & P. T. CO.— BELL. 34-L Acklin, C. P., Bakery. 60 Adams Express Company. 2-5 Albany Mines. 66-W Albright & Meese, Meat Market. 19-L Alexander Hotel. 68-W. . . .Anderson, Mary, Residence. 125-L Applegate, W. B., Clipper Office. 11-R . . . .Abrams, J. H., Residence. 54 Armstrong, J. C, Residence. 41-3 Armstrong Drug Company. 55-R Armstrong, W. C, Grocery. 126-R Atwood Hotel. 61 Aubrey, R. L., Residence. 42-2 Aubrey Lumber Company, West Brownsville. 42-3 Avibrey Lumber Company, Bridgeport. 25-2 Axton, Andrew, Residence. 25-3 Axton, Andrew & Son. 14-J Bar House. 68-J Black, Mrs. George, Residence. 80-J Bowman, Rev. W. Scott, Residence. 79-R Brashear, E. T., Residence. 121-W. . . .Britton, William, Residence. 95 Brownsville Brewing Company. 1-J Brownsville Ice & Storage Company. 4-2 Brownsville Supply Company. 62-R Brownsville Light, Heat & Power Company. 14-R Bulger, H. H. & Company, Druggists. 79-L Burd, Ida L., Residence. 66-R Carlysle, Wilson, Residence. 80-R Carmack, A. A., Residence. 21-W. . . .Carston, Mrs. F. A., Residence. 73 C. D. & P. Telephone Company, Operator. 34-J Chalfant, Ella, Residence. 74-L Chalfant, S. B., Residence. 6-2 Champion Milling Company. 50-2 Chatland & Lenhart, Bakery. 34-W. . . .Clemmer, E. L., Residence. 26-J Coburn, W. A., Residence. "Bell" Telephone Subscribers 421 51_\Y. . . .Collier, James H., Residence. 19-R Covilter, J. H., Hardware. 65-J Couse, Edwin P., Residence. 16-J Craft Supply Company. 29-J Craft, J., Dry Goods. 133-R Craft, U. T., Residence. 26-R Crawford, Mrs. S. 'E. 126-J Cunningham,. O. M., Residence. 58-L Ctmningham, Jesse, Residence. 10 Dalby, J. W., Residence. 127-J . . . .Daugherty, S. H., Residence. 86 Diamond Coal & Coke Company. 76-J Douglas, A. W., Residence. 18-J Eastman & Lilley, Physicians. 14-W. . . .Eastman, Dr. Henry, Residence. 78-R Eckles, Charles, Residence. 37-3 Eclipse Milling Company. 48-J Edmiston, C. B., Residence. 123-J Farson, J. L., Residence. 63 Fayette Engineering & Construction Company 121-J Fear, George E., Residence. 31-J Fear, George E., Hardware. 58-W. . . .Fisher, W. H., Residence. 12-J Fisher, Steel & Brashear, Office. 17-J Florence, Joseph, Residence. 62-L Foreign Exchange. 55-J Freeman, Harry, Restaurant. 122 Gabler, J. S., Office. 48-W Garlotts, C. C, Grocery. 66-L Girard House. 51-J Glynn, Rev. Thomas J., Residence. 133-J Gould, Sterling H., Residence. 39-R Graham, Robert, Druggist. 45-4 Graham, S. S., Residence. 12-L Graham, H. D., Residence. 51-R Gregg, C. W., Residence. 78-W. . . .Gregg, John S., Residence. 78-J Gregg, John S., Machine Shop. 27 Greensboro Natural Gas Company. 10-L Grifan, W. A., Residence. 2-2 Griffin, E. C, Residence. 2-4 Griffin, E. C, Dry Goods. 51-L Griffith, John, Residence. 94-W .... Hakin, William, Residence. 36 Hamburger Distilling Company. 24 Hann, T. D., Residence. 53-J Harmon, Rev. Charles R., Residence. 123-L Hart, J. Percy, Residence. 422 "Bell" Telephone vSubscribers 52-L Herbertson, J. & Sons, Machine Shop. . 128 Herbertson House (Automatic). 72-J Hibbs, B. F., Residence. 64-W. . . . Higinbotham, James C, Residence. 83-R Hoover, F. S., M. D. 54-L . . . .Hormell, W. C, Residence. 79-J Hughes, W. E., Residence. 11-W. . . .Jacobs, M. R., Residence. 11-L Jacobs, A. M. R., Residence. 84-J Jacobs, Mrs. Ann, Residence. 83-L Jeffries, T. J., Residence. 82-W Jeffries, T. J., Office. 68-R Jones, Israel, Residence. 22-2 Kaiser, W. F., Jeweler. 22-3 Kaiser, W. F., Residence, 7 Keller & Crosson, Contractors. 81-J Kisinger, Harry, Livery. 80-W. . . .Knox, Harriet, Residence. 16-R Krepps, S. G., Jr., Livery. 65-W. . . .Krepps, S. G., Jr., Residence. 83-J Layton & Sturgis, Meat Market. 94-L League, D. M., Residence. 44-J Ledwith, Mrs. A. B., Residence. 84-J Ledwith, Mary, Residence. 46-2 Lenhart, G. W. & Son, Insurance. 46-3 Lenhart, G. W., Residence. 26— W. . . .Leonard, John, Residence. 74-J Levy, Morris, Residence. 9-J Levy, Morris, Dry Goods. 53-W. . . .Levy, William, Residence. 132-L Lindsey, J. A., Residence. 125-R Long, James, Residence. 132-J Long, James, Office, Coal. 11-J Lowstutter, Daniel, Meat Market. 21-J Lynch & Heeman, Groceries. 81-W. . . .Mansour, Nicola, Assyrian Supplies. 78-L Marker, James, Residence. 33-L Marshall, Harry, Meat Market. 17-R Marshall, Harry, Residence. 72-R Mason, James, Residence. 56-W Mason, R. D., Residence. 56-L Mason, W. B., Residence. 12-R McMillcn, Charles, Restaurant. 59-J Medley, Rev. William, Residence. 41-W. . . .Michener & Hormell, Shoes. 58-J Miller, Sarah J., Residence. 9-L Miller, Dr. Colley, Office. 17-L Miller, C. J., Groceries. "Bell" Telephone Subscribers 423 74_W. . . .Miller, Rev. C. H., Residence. 71-J Milliken, F. C, Residence. 121-R Milliken, H. Mary, Residence. 53-L Mitchell, M. C, Residence. 33-W Mitchell, M. C, Restatirant. 68-L Mitchell, Joseph, Residence. 3-2 Monongahela Club. 49 Monongahela House. 47-L Monongahela National Bank. 100 Monongahela Railroad Company. 96 Monongahela Railroad Ticket Office. 15 Monongahela Railroad Trainmaster. 69 Monongahela Railroad. 57-2 Monongahela River C. C. & C. Company. 57-3 Monongahela C. C. & C. Company, WiUiam Hencey, Residence. 57-4 Monongahela C. C. & C. Company, Knob Mines. 57-5 Monongahela C. C. & C. Company, William GilHe, Residence 83-W. . . .Mvilar &- Cooper, Groceries. 130 National Deposit Bank. 92-L Patrielle, S., Contractor, Office. 20-2 Patton, Mrs. Helen Dvmcan. 29-L Patton, T. H., Dentist. 64-L Patton, T. H., Residence. 5S-R Patton, C. E., Residence. 17-W. . . .Pearsoll, D. H., Residence. 91 Pennsylvania Hotel. 90 Pennsylvania Railroad Company, West Brownsville. 32-3 Pennsylvania Railroad Company, West Brownsville. 132-W. . . .Peoples Gas & Coal Company. 4-3 Peoples Coal Companjr. 94-2 Percy, Michael, Residence. 52-3 Pittsburg & Morgantown Company. 121-2 Percy, John, Residence. 33-J Poletz, M. R., Fruit Store. 41-L Power, J. P., Grocery. 132-R Power, J. P., Residence. 76-L Pringle, C. S., Residence. 18-L Rathmell Bros., Druggists. 67-3 Redstone Cemetery Company. 80-L Reichard, Dr. C. C, Residence. 39-J Reichard, Drs. C. C. and L. N., Office. 129-L Richey, Mrs. C. S., Boarding House. 76-W. . . .Roberts, J. W., Residence. 31-L Ross, J. T., Residence. 92-W Ross, J. T., Furnitiire Store. 66-J Rose, Samuel, Residence. 31-R Rutsek, Peter, Banker. 127-R Saben, William, Residence. 424 Federal Telephone Subscribers 88 Sargent, A. M., Livery. 45-3 Second National Bank. 88 Shank, H., Residence. 39-L Sharpnack & Conelly, Furniture Store. 14-L Sharpnack, T. A., Residence. 16-W. . . .Shelton, George A., Plumber. 21-L Shupe, H. L., Residence. 126-L Smith & Bakewell, Groceries, West Brownsville. 44-L Snowdon, Mrs. Edward, Residence. 47-3 Snowdon, C. L., Residence. 47-4 Snowdon, J. H., Insurance. 133-L Steele, Samttel, Residence. 2-3 Storey House. 81-R Strawn, P. P., Residence. 72-L.. . . .Swearer, A. M., Residence. 40 Taylor, R. W., Office. 74-R Taylor, R. W., Residence. 125-J Thomas, J. K., Residence. 76-R Thompson, T. H., Residence. 64-J Thompson, George, Residence. 43 Thompson Distilling Company. 67-R Thornton, J. R., Residence. 65-L Thornton, James I. & Sons, Pop Factory 56-J Todd, W. H., Residence. 59-W Troth, O. J., Tailor Shop. 26-L Waggoner, L. C, Residence. 59-R Watson, Foster D., Residence. 16-L Weekly Monitor. 28-J West Brownsville Boiler Works. 38 Western "Union Telegraph Company. 59-L Wilkenson, Mary, Residence. 71-L WilHams, F. M., Restaurant. 82-R Winans, W. V., Residence. 53-R Wood, Mary, Residence. 127-L Vogt, John, Residence. FEDERAL TELEPHONE COMPANY 142 Abraham, Dr. A. C, Dentist. Ill Acklin's Bakery, Market Street. 98 Adams, Lloyd, Barber Shop (Automatic). 60 Albion Hotel, J. Will Gribble, Proprietor. 14G Altman, John, Residence. 71 Arensberg Brothers, Residence. 27 Armstrong Drug Company. 81 Atkins, H., Residence. 148 Atwood Hotel, Rob't Byland, Proprietor. Federal Telephone vSubscribers 425 52 Atwood Hotel, West Brownsville (Pay Station). S Ban- House, J. E. Rickard, Proprietor (Automatic). 37 .... Bridgeport Pviblic Schools. 48 Bowman, Charles W., Justice of Peace, Office. 70 Bowman, Charles W., Residence. Gl Brownsville Public Schools. 1 Brownsville Ice & Storage Company, West Brownsville. 29 Brownsville Union Station. 95 Brownsville Brewing Company, Office. 32 Bitrgess Office, Bridgeport. 31 Burgess Office, Brownsville. 78 ...... Camino, Joseph, Bakery, Grant Avenue. 38 Camino, Mike & Company, Bakery, Coal Road. 92 Campbell, W. L., Groceries, 64 Cope, Eli, Chief of Police, Bridgeport. 91 Conelly, Thomas, Residence. 20 Coulter, John H., Hardware. 79 Crayble, Maude, Residence. 110 Craft, James, Dry Goods. 24 Craft, W. S., Meat Market. 74 Cunningham, O. M., Residence, West Brownsville. Darby, William M., Residence, Brown Farm. 9 Daugherty, W. T., Barber Shop. 49 Daugherty, W. T., Residence. 84 Daugherty, John, Residence, West Brownsville. 99 Dearth, William, Residence. 87 Devault, W. D., Residence. 67 Douglas, A. W., Residence. 51 Garlotts, C. C, Grocer. 43 Girard Hovise (Pay Station). 55 Gottesman Brothers, Groceries. 113 Graham, H. D., Dentist. 45 Greensboro Natural Gas Company. 34 Gregg, Dr. Ira M., Veterinary Surgeon. 93 Gribble, E. Baird, Residence. 25 Griffith, Sherley, Residence. 14 Hann, T. D., Residence. 28 Hart, J. Percy, Residence. 41 Hart, David M., Residence. 44-1 Hazelton, Thomas, Residence. 36 Herbertson, J. & Sons, Machine Shop. 56 Herskovitz, Ignatz, Groceries. 77 Hibbs, B. F., Residence. 63 Higinbotham, James C, Residence. 83 Hoover, Dr. F. S., Office. 26 Hormell, H. H., Clothing. 105 Hornbake, Herburt, Residence. 65 Hotel Good (Automatic) , West Brownsville. 426 Federal Telephone vSubscribers 125 Ingrain, Walter, Residence. 58 Jacobs, M. R., Residence. 75 Jones, George W., Residence. 85 Kenney, C. L., Residence. 59 Kisinger, Harry, Livery. 68 Klein, Max, Residence. 62 Lenhart, George W. & Son, Insttrance. 12 Levy, William, Clothing. 72 Levy, William, Residence. 73 Lutes, Elgie, Residence. 54 Marshall, Harry, Meat Market. 4 Martinelli, Ltigi, Residence. 47 McKenney, J. E., Residence. 13-3 . . . .Meese, John M., Residence. 57 Mitchell, M. C, Restaurant. 147 Moore, P C, Residence. IS Monongahela National Bank. 13-2 . . . .Murray, Sam'l T., Residence. 3 National Deposit Bank. 72 0'Hara, M. M., Residence. 116 Pastoris, Mrs. Hugh, Residence. 69 Patterson, A. C, Chief of Police, Brownsville. 50 Pennsylvania Hotel, James Risbeck, Proprietor. 15 Pennsylvania Hotel (Automatic). 11 Pittsburgh, Brownsville & Morgan town Packet Company. 88-2 . . . .Pratt, W. D., Photographs. 88-3 . . . .Pratt, W. D., Residence 94 Province, David J., Residence. 86 Pumping Station, Brownsville Water Company. 35 Rathmell Brothers, Druggists. 6-2 Robinson, H. W., Druggist, Brownsville. 6-3 Robinson, D. Fred, Druggist, Bridgeport. 30 Ross, J. T., Furniture and Undertaking. 53 Sargent, A. M., Livery. 96 Sargent, A. .M., Residence. 7 Second National Bank. 10 Sharpnack & Conelly, Furniture and Undertaking. 16 Shelton, George A., Plumber. 5 Shelton, George A., Residence. 82 Smith, Dr. Alfred C, Office. 19 Snowdon, J. H., Insurance and Real Estate. 23 Star Meat Market, Chadwick & Anderson, Proprietors. 39 Stewart, Robert J., Plumber. 17 Swan, Alfred, Residence. — Theakston, F. B., Jeweler. 40 Thornton, James I. & Sons, Pop Factory. 21 Thornton, James I., Residence. 33 Union Stables, Gregg & Syphens, Proprietors. Monongahela Valley Telephone Subscribers 427 46 Weekly Monitor, E. P. Couse, Editor. 42 Wells, E. B., Bakery, West Brownsville. 44-2 West Brownsville Council Chamber. 109 White, John, Residence. MONONGAHELA VALLEY TELEPHONE COMPANY. The following is a list of the Monongahela Valley Telephone Company's subscribers, to which the subsciibers of the Federal Telephone Company of the Three Towns have free access : 65- H . . . .Acklin, R. H., Residence. 58-4 Acklin, Joseph, Residence. 65-A Acklin, Geo. W., Residence. 59-2 Ainsey, E A., Residence. 65-4 Arensberg, Dr. Lewis P., Residence. 65-3 Arensberg, J. R., Residence. 6-1 Aukerman, Rev., Residence. 56-2 Baird's Farm, Residence. 65-B . . . .Baker, Robert, Residence. 67-B . . . .Barber, John, Residence. 66-1 Browmsville Toll Line. 53-4 Childs, Thomas, Residence. 70-H . . . .Christopher, Newton, Residence. 64-C . . . .Christopher, Will, Residence. 58-C . . . .Comvell, J. W., Residence. 58-2 Conwell, N. E., Residence. 8-1 Conwell, Jehu, Residence. 61-3 Craft, Capt. W. S., Residence. 54-2 Dearth, G. W., Store. 58-L . . . .Dearth, Walter, Residence. 1-1 Dvmaway, James, Residence. 60-F . . . .Finley, T. W., Residence, New Salem. 67-2 Gadd, L. S., Store. 56-4 . . . .Gadd, William, Residence. 63-4 Gallaher, John, Residence. 62-2 Garwood, O. J., Residence. 65-0 .... Garwood, Obed, Residence. 69-4 . . . .Garwood, Wm., Residence. 14-1 Gilmore & Hantz, Store. 57-G .... Gray, John, Residence. 67-G . . . .Guseman, William, Residence. 65- .' Hackney, Jehu, Residence. 62-3 Hess, Ira, Residence. 7-1 Hess, Virgil, Residence. 53-3 Hibbs, Ross, Residence. 60-4 Hibbs, Aaron, Residence. 64-3 Hibbs, Vankirk, Residence. 428 Monongahela Valley Telephone Subscribers 57—2 Hibbs, James, Residence. 64-2 Hogsett, William, Residence. 5-2 Hurst, Rev., Residence. 67-3 Jacobs, M. R., Residence, East Riverside. 59-0 . . . . Jubilirer at Orient, Coal Works. 58-H . . . . Husted-Seaman's C. & C. Company's Store. 59-K . . . .Keener, J. B., Meat Market. 58-K . . . .Krepps, George, Residence. 67-L .... Leighty Brothers, Residence. ()3-L . . . .Lynn, Clarence, Residence. 11-1 Mcllinger, Dr. K. S., Office. 62— A . . . .Merriman, A. J., Residence. 69-2 McClelland, A. M., Residence. 5t)— M . . . .McCormick, Jesse, Residence. 57-3 McMullen, J. R., Residence. 2-1 McMullen, Dr. Uriah, Office. 63-2 McDougal, John, Residence. 58-M, . . .Miller, C. L., Residence, Ormond. 70-4 Miller, Richard, Residence. 61-4 Moore, Frank, Residence. 62-4 Newcomer, Newton, Residence. 58-3 Newcomer, Hamilton, Residence, Heistersburg. 60-3 Noble, L. J., Residence, Orient. 3-2 Orient Coal & Coke Company, Office. 3-3 Orient Supply Company, Store. 59-2 Ormsby, E. O., Agent Monongahela R. R., New Salem. 57-4 Parks, J. J., Residence. 70-A . . . .Percy, J. A., Residence. 61-2 Porter, Nat E., Residence. 70— C .... Porter, Cephus, Residence. 53—2 Rhoadaback, William .Residence. 65— G .... Ridge, George, Residence. 65— A . . . .Ridge, John, Residence. 63— H .... Roberts, Huston, Residence. 67-4 Rose, Smith, Residence. 61— S . . . .Sliger, Orvis, Residence. 64-4 Stuart, George A., Residence. 57— C . . . .Stuart, Charles, Residence. 61— W. . . .Stuart, William J., Residence. 5-3 Swearer, T. J., Residence. 56-3 Tower Hill — Hogg Farm, Residence. 4^1 Vankirk, J. R., Residence. 63-3 Vankirk, J. D., Residence. 69—3 Wilkinson, Ephriam, Residence. 11-1 Woods, T. L., Residence. Additional phones to be installed soon: Allen, Charles, Residence. Home :\Iutual T(.'U'])lione Sul)scribcrs 429 Lynn, Daxul, Residence. Porter, Ewing, Residence. Richards, Charles, Residence. Vernon, John G., Residence. HOME MUTUAL TELEPHONE COMPANY. The following is a list of the Home Mutual Telephone Company's sub- scribers, to which the svibscribers of the Federal Telephone Company of the Three Towns have free access: Allen, Mr., Residence. Baker, F. D., Residence. Binns, W. H., Residence. Bitner, W. E., Residence. Brenton, William, Residence. Chew, John, Residence. Deems, Mrs. M. E., Residence. Dorsey, Cash, Residence. Dorsey, Charles, Residence. Duvall, George, Residence. Dwyer, T. V., Residence. Elwood, Robert J., Residence. Gillis, David, Residence. Gillis, Lindsay, Residence. Griffith, Dr., Residence. Griffith, L. M., Residence. Grimes, W. S., Residence. Hancock, George, Residence. Hamer, John, Residence. Hannen, H. H., Residence. Hill, J. G., Residence. Hill, J. W., Residence. Hill, Ora, Residence. Hormell, Cleaver, Residence. Hormell, R. P., Residence. Horton, J. W., Residence. Kenney, J. W., Residence. Kenney Sisters, Residence. Kinder, I. V., Residence. Linton, O. M., Residence. McEldowny, William, Residence. Moffitt, Clyde, Residence. Moffitt, Hopkins, Residence. Moss, W. C, Residence. Nelan, Harry, Residence. Nelan, Robert, Residence. 430 Home Mutual Telephone Subscribers Neihouse, Henry, Residence Nixon, A. J., Residence. Nixon, I. B., Residence. Nixon, James, Residence. O'Donnell, Eliza, Residence. O'Donnell, W. C, Residence. Pepper, John, Residence. Pepper, William, Residence. Pike Run Mill, Jesse Hornbake, Proprietor. Ruble, Maggie, Residence. Ruble, H. L., Residence. Smith, Charles, Residence. Smith, Henry L., Residence. Smith, R. G., Residence. Taylor, J. T., Residence. Taylor, Ollie, Residence. Theakston, Annie, Residence. Theakston, T. H., Residence. Theakston, J. L., Residence. Theakston, L. L., Residence. Theakston, T. B., Residence. Thistlethwaite, E. T., Residence. Thistle thwaite, Russell, Residence. Thistlethwaite, Samuel, Residence. Ward, John, Residence. Ward, Oscar, Residence. Walker, S. G., Residence. Watkins, Archie, Residence. Watkins, Charles, Residence. Watkins, John, Residence. Williams, R. H., Residence. Williams, William, Residence. Willock, Frank, Residence. Witherow, C. M., Residence. Woodfill Brothers, Residence. Wright, Charles, Residence. Wright, Luke, Residence. History of Uniontown Where, When and By Whom Laid Out — When Incorporated — Beeson's Mill — Letter of Ephraim Douglass Describing the Town in 17S4 — Two Widows, Several Reputed Old Maids and a Stillhouse — Land-poor — Uniontown of Today- — Financial Institutions — The Sky-scraper — History of the First National Bank and Josiah Vankirk Thompson — Newspaper History — Biography and Illus- trations. THE COUNTY SEAT AND WHERE LOCATED. Uniontown, the CDimty seat of Fayette County, is located a little west of the center of the countj^ between North and South Union townships, near thehead waters of Redstone, and its history proper dates back to about 1767, when the land on which the town is now located was taken tip by Henry Beeson and Thomas Douthet. Mr. Beeson was a Quaker and came here froin Virginia. Beeson was evidently a man of energy and ability from the facts that afterwards transpired. Some time prior to 1774, the date cannot be ascertained, he botight Douthet's land and it seems from the first, conteiTi- plated starting a town. The tract on which Beeson settled was called by hiin '"Stone Coal Run," and was surveyed to hiin by Alexander McClean in 1769. It contained 355 acres, lying west of Morgantown street, which was the eastern boundary. The tract he bought from Douthet contained 314^ acres, was called by Douthet " M4II vSeat" and lies east of what is now Mor- gantown street. The patent for this tract was not issried to Mr. Beeson till August n, 17S6, though he had bovight it of Douthet about eleven years previous. BEESON'S MILL— BEESON TOW^N. One of the first things Mr. Beeson did was to erect a mill on the ground bought from Douthet, which stood, and proved a godsend to the people between the Youghiogeny and the Monongahela for over fifteen years. In fact it is not many years since the last traces of the old. raceway disappeared. This was known as Beeson's mill and this Avas the naiue he gave to the first town plot he laid otit in 1776, which was also located on the lands purchased from Douthet. The plat consisted of .'54 lots and they are said to have been raffled off on the day the Declaration of Independence was signed in Phila- delphia. "Beeson's Mill" soon gave way to "Beeson's Town," by which latter name it was principally known till 1800, though it was sometimes called Union Town as early as 17S0. For many years the town grew bvit little, and was of little consequence, as is shown by the following letter to Gen. James Irvine by E])hraim Dotiglas early in 1784: V. S. Senator M. S. Quay, Deceased U. S. Senator Bois Penrose Letter of Kphriain Houglas 433 LETTIiR OF I':PHRAIM DOUGLA.S. "My Dear General: "ir my promise were not engaged to write to you, my inelinations are suflicientl_v so, to embrace with alacrity any opporttinity of expressing the gratitude so justly due to yotir friendship, of declaririg the sincerity of mine. "This Uniontown is the most obscure spot on the face of the globe. I ha\'e been here seven or eight weeks without one opportunity of writing to the land of the living, and, though considerably south of j^ou, so cold that a person not knowing the latitude would conckide we were placed near one of the poles. Pray, have yon had a severe winter below? We have been frozen up here for more than a month past, but a great many of us have been bred in another state, the eating of Homany is as natural to tis as the drinkine of whiskv in the morninc:. WIDOWS, MAIDS AND A STILLHOUSE. ''The town and its appurtenances consist of our president and a lovely little family, a court-house and school-house in one, a mill, and conse(.|tiently a miller, four taverns, three smith shops, five retail shops, two tan-yards, one of them only occupied, one saddler's shop, t^A'o hatters' shops, one mason, one cake woman (we had two, but one of them having committed petit larceny is upon banishment), two widows, and some reputed maids, to which may be added a distillery. The upper part of this edifice is the habi- tation, at will, of your humble servant, who, beside the smoke of his own chimney, which is intolerable enough, is fumigated by that of two stills below, exclusive of the other effltivia that arises from the dirty vessels in which they prepare the materials of the stills. The upper floor of my parlor, which is also my chamber and office, is laid with loose clapboards or punch- eons, and both the gable ends entirely open; and yet this is the best place in my power to procure till the weather will permit me to build, and even this I am subject to be turned otit of the moment the owner, who is at Kentucky, and hotirly expected, returns. PLENTY OF LAND BUT NO MONEY. " I can say little of the country in general but that it is very poor in every- thing biit its soil, which is excellent, and that part contiguous to the town is really beautifiil, being level and prettily sittiated, accommodated with good water and excellent meadow-ground. Bttt money we have not, nor any practicable way of making it; how taxes will be collected, debts paid, or fees discharged I know not; and yet the good people appear willing enough to run in. debt and go to law. I shall be able to give you a better account of this hereafter. "Col. Maclean received me with a degree of generous friendship that does honor to the goodness of his heart, and continues to show every iTiark Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker Governor of Pennsylvania Frank M. Fuller, of Uniontown Secretary of the Commonwealth I'niontown of To-day 435 of satisfaction at my appointment. He is determined to act under the commission sent him b}^ C?otmcil, and though the fees woiild, had he dechned it, have been a considerable addition to my profits, I cannot say that I regret his keeping them. He has a ntmierous small family, and though of an am^ile fortune in lands, has not cash at command. * * * DISSENSION OVER PUBLIC BUILDINGS. "The general course of the country, disunion, rages in this little mud- hole with as much fierceness as if they had eacli pursuits of the utmost im- portance, and the most opposed to each other, when in truth they have no pursviits at all that deserve the name, except that of obtaining food and whisky, for raiment they scracely use any. The commissioners — trustees, I should say — having fixed on a spot in one end of the town for the pubhc buildings, which was by far the most proper in every point of view, exclusive of the saving expense, the other end took the alarm and charged them with partiality, and have been ever since uttering their complaints. And at the late election for justice, two having been carried in this end of the town and none in the other, has made them quite outrageous. This trash is not worth troubling you with, therefore I nDeg your pardon, and am with unfeigned esteem, dear general, am "Your very humble servant, "Ephraim Douglas." UNIONTOWN OF TODAY. Many years have elapsed since that letter was written and many things have transpired since then. Uni4)ntown has grown from an insignificant village to one of the most important and one of the most progressive towns in Western Pennsylvania. Almost every branch of commercial industry is today represented within her bounds; magnificent brick blocks have re- placed the log cabins ; the National Pike took the place of the more primitive roads and was in turn sitcceeded by the steel rail and the locomotive; money is no more scarce, but plentiful, if you have an equivalent, the town boasting one of the finest banking houses in the State, a magnificent " sky-scrai)er," and one of the strongest banking institutions in the United States; one court-house after another has occupied the site sold to the county by Henry Beeson in 17S4,,.as he says in the transfer "for and in consideration of the love I bear for the inhabitants of Fayette County and for the further con- sideration of sixpence to me in hand well and truly paid," till the result is the present group of magnificent public buildings. The little insignificant shops of which Prothonotary Douglas wrote, have vanished and in their place we find metropolitan stores where each hour of the day more people are served than then constituted the entire population of the town. President JudRe E. H. Reppert Judge R. E. t'mbel Supreme Judge S. 1,. Mestrezat Tlie T'liion liank of IViinsylvania ' 437 THE UNION BANK OF PENNSYLVANIA. The lirst banking institution established in I'niontown was named "The Union Bank of Pennsylvania," which commeneed operation (though then unchartered), in the autvimn of 1.812. The promoters of the project were a numljer of gentlemen, whose names are embraced in the following list, it being that of the first directors of the bank, viz: John Kennedy, Nathaniel Breading, J. W. Nicholson, Jesse Evans, Joseph Huston, Samuel Trevor, Thomas Meason, Hugh Thompson, Ellis Bailey, Jacob Beason, Jr., John Campbell, Reuben Bailey, John Miller, David Ewing. George Ebbert. The articles of association were signed May 1. 1812, and the bank (or rather the tmchartered association which so designated itself) commenced business in October of that year, in an old frame building which stood on the site of Mr. Z. B. Springer's present store. By the tenor of the following letter (copied from the old letter book of the bank") , it will be seen that the amount paid in was less than one-eighth of the nominal capital : " Union l^Bank of Pennsylvania, 7th Dec, 1813. "Sir, — -The directors of this institution have tmanimously agreed to accept the Composition mentioned in the act of Congress laying duties on notes of Banks, bankers and certain comjxanies, on notes, bonds, and obligations discounted by banks, bankers and certain companies, and on bills of exchange of certain descriptions passed August 2nd, 1813, and I have been directed to write you on the Subject. As we have rcc'cl no letters from you we are at a loss to know precisely^ the information that may be reqtiired. "This bank w^ent into operation in October, 1812, on a capital of only $60,000, and declared a dividend on the first day of May last of five per Cent. An additional sale of Stock was then made of 4,000 shares of $10 each, and on the first of November last a Second Di\-idend was declared of five per cent. At present our capital is $100,000 actually paid in. According to the Articles of associations the directors may sell stock until the Capital shall be $500,000, btit it is not contemplated by them at this time to make any addition to the present amount. Should they do so, you shall be regularl}^ advised. Any further information you may wish, I will ^^•ith pk^astu'e com- municate, and am, "With much respect, " ^\;nn- Obt Servant, "John Sims, Cashier. "Hon. Wm. JoxVes, "Acting Sec'y of the Treasury, U. S." The institution became a chartered bank in 1814 tmder a legislative act of incorporation approved March 21st of that year. On the 28th of May, 1814, Cashier Sims wrote to a correspondent: " * * * \Ye expect in a few days to move into a new banking house now finished for our occupation." This is found in the old letter book of the bank. The new building referred to in the letter was the depot of the Southwest Railroad Company. It was afterwards purchased by the bank of Favctte Countv. Congressman Allen K. Cooper Assemblyman Andrew A.Thompson State Senator B. N. Freeland Assemblyman Lewis F. Arensberg: National Bank of I'-ayette Coiuitv 439 It has been often stated, and seems to be the general belief, that the Union Bank of Pennsylvania failed and went out of business in 1817. The exact date of the final closing of the bank has not been ascertained, but it is certain that it was not long after the date of the above notice. NATIONAL BANK OF FAYETTE COUNTY. By an act of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, approved December 5, 1857, the bank of Fayette County was incorporated. The corporators were Isaac Beeson, John Huston, Henry W. Beeson, Armstrong Hadden, Joshua B. Howell, Ewing Brownfield, Joseph Johnson, John K. Ewing, Alfred Pat- terson, William Bryson, Asbury Strtible, Evcrard Bierer, Sr., Josiah S. Alle- baugh, Henry Yeagley, Isaac Franks, Jacob Overholt, Thomas B. Searight, Jacob Murphy, Joseph Hare, Joseph Heaton, John Morgan, and Farrington Oglevee. The charter was dated July 9, 1858. f The first board of directors was composed of John Huston, Daniel Sttirgeon, Isaac Beeson, Everard Bierer, John Murphy, James Robinson, Robsrt Finley, Isaac Skiles, Jr., Henry \V. Gaddis, J. Allen Downer, Joshua B. Howell, Alfred Patterson, Daniel R. Davidson. President, Alfred Patterson; Cashier, W. Wilson. h The first meeting of directors was held August IG, 1858, and the bank commenced business on the first day of September following. PEOPLE'S BANK OF FAYETTE COUNTY. This bank was chartered March 21, 1873, the following-named gentlemen being the corporators: S. A. Gilmore, Alfred Howell, C. E. Boyle, William McCleary, Eli Cope, J. D. Roddy, Ewing Brownfield, E. M. Ferguson, J. H. McClelland, J. A. Searight. The board of directors was composed of the following: Ewing Brownfield, President; Alfred Howell, James Robinson, James A. Searight, Cashier, John D. Roddy, James Beatty. The bank commenced business July 14, 1873. On the 12th of August in that year the cashier, Mr. Searight, resigned, and was succeeded by M. H. Bowman. DOLLAR SAVINGS BANK OF UNIONTOWN. This bank commenced business January 1, 1870, with the Hon. A. E. Wil- son as president, and Armstrong Hadden as cashier. Upon the election of Mr. Wilson as judge of this district in 1873 he retired from the presidenc}'' of the bank, and was succeeded by Robert Hogsett, Esq. In October, 1872, C. S. Seaton was appointed to the cashiership made vacant by the death of Mr. Hadden. Mr. Seaton remained cashier until April, 1878, when he retired, and was succeeded by Henry McClay, who had previously been teller. The business of the bank closed Julv 10, 1878. District Attorney Alfred E. Jones Sheriff Samuel E- Frock Asst. District Attorney Thos. H. Hudson County Detective Alex. McBeth Fayette County Mutual iMre Insurance Coui})any 441 FAYETTE COUNTY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. This company was organized Sept. 2, 1844, the corporators being Isaac Beeson, John Dawson, Alfred McClelland, Andrew Bycrs, AVilliam B. Roberts, James T. Cannon, Ewing Brownfield, John Huston, Robert T. Flenniken, Daniel Kaine, James Piper, Samuel Y. Campbell, and Everard Bierer. Isaac Beeson was chosen president, and Daniel Kaine secretary. During the first year of the company's business fifty-three policies were written, aggregating a risk of $107,000. The total amount of risks from the organization of the company in 1844 to Jan. 1, 1881, was $5,259,505. Total number of premitim notes taken, 3,317, aggregating $444,2()0.21. UNION BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATION. On the 2d of April, 1870, a number of citizens convened at Skiles' Hall in Uniontown, for the purpose of organizing the above-named association. Officers were elected as follows: President, Jasper M. Thompson; secretary, A. C. Nutt; treasurer, John H. McClelland; directors, John H. Miller, A. M. Gibson, J. A. Laughead, John K. Ewing, W. H. Bailey, D. M. Springer, and Hugh L. Rankin. On the 18th of April a constitvition and by-laws were adopted. Section 2 of the former declares that "The object of this association shall be the ac- cumulation of money to be loaned among its members for the purchase of houses^'or lands, or for building or repairing the same and acquiring home- steads, L J FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF UNIONTOWN. In April, 1854, a private banking office Avas opened in Uniontown by Mr. John T. Hogg. Prior to that time, and after the closing of the old Union Bank of Pennsylvania, the financial business of the borough had been done principally with the bank of Brownsville. Mr. Wilson was its first cashier. In August, 1858, he resigned to accept the cashiership of the Bank of Fayette County, and James T. Redburn succeeded him in Mr. Hogg's bank. Soon afterwards the bank passed into possession of Isaac Skiles, Jr., by whom it was continued as a private institution until 1864, when, in conformity with the provisions of the National Banking law, it became the First National Bank of Uniontown, with a paid-up capital of $60,000, increased January 1, 1872, to $100,000. The corporators of the National Bank were Robert Finley, C. S. Seaton, Jasper M. Thompson, Eleazer Robinson, William Hurford, Isaac Skiles, Jr., James T. Redbtirn, Hiram H. Hackney, and John Wilson; articles of associa- tion dated January 2, 1864. The bank commenced btisiness May 3, 1864, in the banking rooms which it occupied until it moved into its commodious and elegant rooms in the sky-scraper. The first board of directors was composed of Messrs. Skiles, Robinson, Seaton, Thompson, Redburn, and Finley. Pres. Isaac Skiles, Jr.; Cashier, Jarnes T. Redbttrn. In January, 1870, Jasper M. Thompson was elected president, and in the following May, Josiah V. Thompson was elected cashier on the death of Mr. Redburn. Thos. Scott Dunn Prohibition County Chairman Wooda N. Carr Democratic County Chairman D. W. Henderson Republican County Chairman I'liiontowirs "Sky-.Scraper" 443 THE PRESENT FIRST NATIONAL HANK — THE SK V-SCRA I"EK. " On the corner of Union and Pitishuri^ streets, Uniontown. Pa., the I'irst National Bank buildin.u, rears its ele\-en stories skyward. It is one of the luiost "sky-scrapers" in Western Pennsylvania, contains .")()'.) rooms and has a floor sj^ace of 1()2,S45 sciuare feet. It is the first structure of its kind e\-er built in a town the sixe of V'niontown and stands as a lasting monument to the energy and acumen of joshia V. Thompson, President of the First National Bank, a sketch of whose remarkably successful career appears else- where. The building has a south frontage of 145 feet on Main Street and an cast frontage of OS feet on Pittsburg Street; also a north frontage of 102 feet on Peter Street and adjoins the McClelland House on the west, extending l.")l feet fronr Main Street. The building consists of eleven floors, basement and attic, built after the most improved pattern of modern steel frame con- struction, and is absolutely fireproof throughout. The exterior finish is of solid granite tx\) to the third lloor, and above this buff brick and terra cotta. The interior finish is handsome and expensive. All corridors and toilet rooms arc wainscoted in marble and ha\-e floors of mosaic tile, while a staircase with marble tread runs from basement to attic. Plate glass is used in all the windows, and there is an unobstructed view above the third floor. A large court, o.'i by oO feet, in the center of the build- ing, admits an abundance of light to all the rooms. The woodwork is of mahogany and quartered oak. There are i)ri\'ate elevators and entrances to the apartments and flats. The first floor is occupied by the First National Bank and seven store rooms of various descriptions; three of these store rooms facing on Main Street and four on the Arcade. The second and third floors, excepting rooms fronting on Main Street, are arranged for apartments with handsomely c(| nipped bathrooms. There are offices, tailoring shops and lodge room on the third floor front. The fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh floors are arranged for offices. Vaults, hot and cold water, coat closets, wash basins and electric-light fixtures are placed in all these offices. The eighth, ninth and tenth floors are arranged for apartments, with bath- rooms, and the appointment of these is iinsurpassed in elegance and con- venience. The eleventh floor is arranged for flats. These rooms have been ])laced in suites suitable for families desiring kitchens, dining rooms, etc., with all the modern conveniencies. These flats are arranged in rooms of four to eleven rooms, including everything for the comfort and con\-enience of tenants. Special arrangement of floor space has beeni made for the C. D. & P. Tele- phone Exchange, two lodge rooms, a clubroom and a business college. There arc- four main entrances to the building proper, besides store-room entrances, bank entrances, corner Main and Pittsburg streets. Apartment entrance, Main Street; Arcade entrance, Peter Street. 15 liliilllffliiE i 11 IB I Josiah V. Thompson — First National Bank Bnilding. X'liiontown Josiah Vankirk Thompson 445 There are two artesian wells of excellent Avatcr located in the building, insuring an abtmdance of pure water at all times. The building is equipped with four rapid elevators, steam and electric plant and mail chute. A refrigerating plant furnishes ice water to all the rooms and offices in the building. Lavatories and toilet rooms are located on the third floor for the use of the offices. Also on this floor, under capable managment, is a well-appointed barber shop, with bath and showers. Special toilet rooms for ladies arc provided on the second and seventh floors. Janitor service is the best that can be had, and everything is done to make the building as fine in its appointment as it is in construction, finish and modem convenience. However, the building with all its magnificences in proportion and aixhi- tecturc, as an index to Mr, Thompson's businesss tact and judgement, pales into insignificance when compared with the history of his management of the banking institution that has its home in the stately structure. In this construction a brief sketch of Mr. Thompson's career may not be out of order and will certainly be interesting to all who seek a closer knowledge of men whose lives are worthy of emulation. JOSIAH VANKIRK THOMPSON. Foremost among Fayette County men who have achieved notable success in the business world, stands Josiah Vankirk Thompson, president of the First National Bank, of Uniontown. Like a majority of the other leaders in the business and professional life of Uniontown, Mr. Thompson was a country lad, born and reared on a farm along Jennings Rtm in Menallen Township, the youngest of the four children of the late Hon. Jasper Markel and Eliza (Carethurs) Thompson. As a boy he engaged actively in farm Avork, mastering all its phases and cultivating a taste for the pursuits of agriculture which even the more exacting demands of complicated business enterprises have not dulled. Mr. Thompson's early education was acquired at the short winter terms of the Hague and Poplar Lane public schools of South L^^nion Township, and at Madison College, Uniontown. With this equipment he entered Wash- ington and Jefferson College in 1868 and graduated in 1871, and has been a trustee of that institution since 1889. In the same year in which he gradu- ated he entered the First National Bank of Uniontown as a clerk, and so thoroughly did he master the details of banking that in eighteen years there- after he had passed through successive promotions until, though but thirty- five years of age, he was at the head of the leading financial institution of the county. On April 3, 1872, he was made teller; on June 5, 1877, he became cashier, succeeding the late James T. Redburn; and at the death of his father in March, 1889, he Avas elected president to succeed him. Mr. Thompson soon developed banking capabilities of a high order, and he adopted a policy which has rapidly brought this bank to a front position in the honor list of banks published by the Comptrollers of the Currency. 446 Statements of First National Bank. The First National Bank of Uniontown now ranks first in the county, third in Pennsylvania and fifth in the United States. In addition to his banking business Mr. Thompson has borne a leading part in the industrial development of the county. He has bought direct from the farmers of Fayette County more coal, and paid them more money, than any other one man or company or corporation operating in the county. Mr. Thompson's rare business judgment received high recognition in his appointment as one of the seven government viewers to view and condemn the locks and dams, franchises, etc., of the Monongahcla Navigation Company in the proceedings taken by Congress to make the Monongahela river free to navigation. The other members of that commission were William Metcalf, George W. Dilworth, Stephen C. McCandless and William McConway, all of Pittsburg; Charles N. Andrews, of New Bethlehem, and ex-State Treasurer S. M. Jackson, of Armstrong County, Pa. They were appointed on Novem- ber 26, 1 896 ; held meetings and made views along the river through the winter months and made their final report on March 26, 1897, fixing the price to be paid by the Government at $3,761,615.46. Other awards had been made in former years, but did not stand. This award was accepted by both the United States Government and the Navigation Company, and the river was formally thrown open to the free passage of boats on July 4, 1897. Mr. Thompson is a Republican in politics, and takes a keen interest in that party's success. His counsel and aid are always sought and generously given, thottgh he has never sought political preferment for himself, nor accepted any office save such as carried plenty of work and no salary. On December 11, 1879, Mr. Thompson was married to Miss Mary Anderson, daughter of John and Sarah (Redburn) Anderson. To them were born two sons, Andrew A. and John R. Mrs. Thompson died August 8, 1896 and no death in Uniontown has been more sincerely mourned than was hers by all those who enjoyed her acqviaintance. This sketch is a very inadequate representation of the impress which Josiah V. Thompson's remarkable personality has stamped upon the business community of Western Pennsylvania, but it would be still more so if it omit- ted to record certain lines of policy in the development of the First National Bank of Uniontown for which he is responsible. STATEMENTS OF FIRST N.\TlONAL. While Mr. Thompson did not become ])resident of the bank until 1889, his ])ractical direction of its affairs began with his assumjition of the cashicr- shi]) in 1887. His father, the president, was engaged in extensive and varied business enterprises and in his later years left the managment of the bank largely to his son. The latter was elected cashier on June 5, 1877. On June 22, of the same year the quarterly statement of the bank showed these items: Sttn)lus fund $20,181. 01 ln(li\-i(hial deposits 143,255.54 Loans and discounts 176,186.98 Rules Respecting Employes 447 in llic ([uarterly statement of the bank on September 5, 1 <)()(), on the same eajMlal slock of $100,000, the correspondmg items were: Surplus fund $44(5,000.00 Individual dejrosits 2,198,478.70 Loans and discounts 1 ,947,049 . (34 The complete quarterly statement of this tinancial institution, rendered September (J, 1904, follows and gives a more adeiiuate idea oi the un- paralled success of this liank : RESOURCES. Loans and discounts $1,584,208.32 United States bonds 25,000.00 Other stocks and bonds 182,750.00 Banking house and other real estate 913,235.39 Due from U. S. Treastircr 406.05 Cash and due from bank 707,352.4C> Total $3,472,952.82 LIABILITIES. Capital stock $100,000.00 Stirplus 800,000.00 Undivided profits, (net) 20,090.40 Circulation 24,900.00 Bills pavablc 200,000.00 Deposits 2,327,902.42 Total $3,472,952.82 RULES RESPECTING EMPLOYES Once on being asked by a bank examiner what bond he recjuired of his em- ployes, Mr. Thompson rephed "None. I would not have an employe in this bank Avho had to give bond. " Mr. Thompson's rules respecting his employes are deserving the widest publicity and they rank him as a practical philanthropist of high order, and as one furnishing inwalualjle services to the community in lessons of industry, sobriety, clean character and correct habits. He is himself, strictly temjier- ate. using tobacco in no form and never drinking any thing stronger than cold water, not e\-en cotTec or tea. He will have no employe in his bank who, either during or out of banking hours, will use intoxicating liquors of any kind, or smoke or chew tobacco. He wants only men who have the full use of all their powers of mind and body, and he believes that no man can have this who is addicted to drink or tobacco, or to any of the vices of dissipation or riotous living. 418 Present Bank Officials PRESENT BANK OFFICIAIvS Mr. Thompson's standard of fitness for service is that a j^oung man must be bonded by his character, and his freedom from vices and habits that en- slave and enfeeble. The following are the present officers and directors of the bank: Josiah V. Thompson, president; Edgar S. Hacknej-, cashier; Francis M. Seamans, Jr., as.sistant cashier; Thomas B. Seamans, teller. Directors, Joshia V. Thompson, Harvey C. Jeffries, James M. Hnstead. Daniel P. Gibson, George W. Hess. Wilham Hunt, John D. Ruby. NEWSPAPERS OF UNIONTOWN. The newspapers of Uniontown have been as follows: — "Fayette Gazette and Union Advertiser," 1797-1S05; "Genius of Liberty," 1805-1904; Fayette andGreene "Speculator," 1811; "Western Register," 1816; "Pennsylvania" Democrat," 1827-1854; "The American Banner," 1832; "Democratic Shield," 1834-1837; "Harrisonian Conservative," 1840; "Cumberland Presbyterian," 1847; " Fayette Whig, " 1849; " Democratic Sentinel, " 1850- 1855; "American Standard," 1854-18; "American Citizen," 1855; "Our Paper," 1782; "Uniontown Enterprise," 1896; "Temperance Radical," 1878; "Uniontown Democrat," 1878-1899; "Fayette County Republican," 1878-1879; "Republican Standard," 1879-1893; "The National," 1879; "The Amateur," 1879; " Western Pennsylvania, " 1884-1885; "Uniontown News," 1885-1893; "News Standard," 1893-1904; "Peoples Tribune," 1893- 1904. The above is copied from Nelson's Biographical Dictionary and we believe is atithentic. PHYSICIANS OF UNIONTOWN. . Among the early physicians of Uniontown were Drs. Samuel Sackett, Henry Chapese. Lewis Manchland, Robert McClure Yotmg, Solomon Drown, .\dam Simonson, Daniel Marchand, Benjamine Stevens, Benjamine Dorsey, Daniel Sturgeon, Robt. McCall, Hugh Campbell, C. N. J. McGill, H. C. Martherns, Alexander Hamilton, David Porter, John F. Braddce, who scarcely deserves mention with honorable physicians as he ended his career in the penitentiary lor robbing the mail at Uniontown in 1841, H. T. Roberts, Frederick C. Robinson, Robert M. Walker, Smith Fuller, A. P. Bowie, homeop- athist, and S. W. Hickman, W. J. Hamilton, M, D. Dunbar and S. C. Bosley of the same school at Conncllsville. For a list of the present physicians of Uniontown, see the business directory. BURIAL GROUNDS. In the old Methodist churchyard on Peter Street (the most ancient burial place in Uniontown) the oldest slab which bears a legible inscription is that Old Raptist Cburch\ard 449 which stands "Sacred to the memory of Suky Yoimg, who departed this hfc the 20th of Sept., A. D. 1790, aged 2 yrs., 1 mo., 17 days." It has been stated, however, that a son of Jacob Murphy was btiried here soine j^ears earlier. In this ground was buried John Wood, who was for many years a justice of the peace, and who died Nov. 12, 1813. Among other inscriptions are found those of the following-named persons : Rev. Thornton Flcmming, an itinerant preacher in the M. E. Church for 01 years, died Nov. 20, 1840, aged 82 years. Hannah, wife of the Rev. Mr. Blackford, died Oct. 10, 1845. Daniel Limerick, for eighteen years in the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Chvtrch, died April 28, 1837. Rev. Alfred Sturgis, died Nov. 4, 1845. He had been for fourteen years an itinerant preacher of the Methodist Church. The "Oak Hill Cemetery" is a burial ground lying on the northeast side of Redstone Creek, and formed of a graveyard fully ninety years old, with a later addition. The original ground was set apart for the purpose of burials by Henry Beeson some time before 1793. An addition was afterwards made to it by Mr. Gallagher. Many of the old citizens of Uniontown were interred here, among whom were Henry Beeson, the donor of the ground and proprietor of the town ; Jacob Beeson, his brother, who died Dec. 10, 1818, in his seventy- seventh year; Jesse Beeson, son of Henry, who died June 8, 1842, aged seventy- three years and eleven months; John Collins, died Nov. 3, 1813, aged seventy- two years; Capt. Thos. Collins, his son, died Nov. 1, 1827, aged fifth-one years; Joseph Huston, died March 5, 1824, aged 01 years; Dr. Adam Simmons, died Feb. 4, 1808, aged forty-nine years ; Alexander McClean, the veteran surveyor, who took the leading part in the extension of Mason and Dixon's line. and in the establishment of the disputed boundary between Pennsylvania and Virginia, who was bom Nov. 20, 1740, and died Dec. 7, 1834. On his head- stone is inscribed, "He was a soldier in the Revolution from Westmoreland County, in the Legislature of Pennsylvania at the time Fayette County was established, and was register and recorder of this county from its organiza- tion until his death. In his departure he exemplified the virtue of his life, for he lived a patriot and died a Christian. " OLD BAPTIST CHURCHYARD. The ground on which the old Baptist Church and graveyard are located was purchased in the year 1804, but it had been used as a burial place several years before that time, as is shown by some of its headstones. The earliest of these which has been found is that of Priscilla Gaddis, who died Feb. 17, 1790, aged 78 years. One, marking the grave of Anna Gaddis, tells that she died, aged 17 years, on the 29th of March, 1790. Another, of Sarah Gaddis, gives the date of death Jan. 7, 1802, aged 50 years, and that of James Allen records his death on the 8th of April, 1808, at the age of 37 years. Among those interred here in the earlier years of the borough were Levi Springer, died March 20, 1823, aged 80 years; Dennis Springer, died April 0, 1823, aged 75 years; Morris Morris, died Feb. 1, 1825, aged 51 years; John Gaddis, 450 Union Cemetery died April 12, 1827, aged 27 years; and Jonathan Downer, died June 8, 1833, aged 79 years. The location of this old burial ground is on Morgantown Street, in the southwest part of the borough. UNION CEMETERY. In the year 180G a number of gentlemen, whose names are gi\-en below, associated themselves in the purchase of a tract of nearly seven acres of land lying south of the National Road, and just touching at one point the northwest corner of the Ijorough boundary, for the purpose of laying out a cemetery upon it. The land was pt:rchased of Daniel Sharpnack, the deed bearing date November 5th in the year named. A stock company was organized and incorporated Feb. 12, 1807, as the Union Cemetery Company of Fayette County, with the following-named corporators: Smith Fuller, John K. Ewing, Elezer Robinson, F. C. Robinson, William H. Bailey, Hugh L. Rankin, Alfred Howell, E. B. Wood, Daniel Sharpnack, R. M. Modisett, Eli Cope, John H. McClelland, Andrew- Stewart, L. D. Beall, Daniel Kaine. The company caused its grounds to be laid out in burial lots, with walks and carriage ways on the modern plan, and handsomely embellished with trees and shrubbery. This cemetery is now the principal burial ground of Uniontown. Many tasteful and elegant inemorial stones are found within its inclosure, and near its northwest corner there has been erected an imposing and appropriate Soldiers' Montmient. SCHOOLS IN UNIONTOWN. The earliest reference found in any record or other document to schools or to places where they were taught in Uniontown is in the act erecting the county of Fayette, passed Sept. 26, 1783, which directs that the court shall be held "at the schoolhouse, or some fit place in the town of Union, in the said county," and in the letter elsewhere written a few months later by Ephriam Douglass to General Irvine, describing the new cotmty seat, he says it con- tains "a court-house and schoolhouse in one," etc. Several deeds of about that date mention in their description of boundaries, a schoolhouse lot evidently near the present court-house grounds. In a deed of lot No. 43, executed in 1783, Colin Campbell is given the title " teacher, " which probably, but not as a matter of course, had reference to his occupation in Uniontown. A school was organized in Uniontown before the year 1800 tmder the auspices of the Methodist Church. That school will be found more fully mentioned in the history of that church. Miss Sallie Hadden, who was born in Uniontown in the year 1800, and always lived on the spot of her nativity, said the first school she remembered was taught by an Irishman named Burns in a log house which stood on the north end of lot No. 39, afterwards the property of Mrs. David Porter. After- wards she attended the Methodist school on Peter Street, taught by a Mr. Cole. Pioneer I.odi^es of Uniontowii 451 Jesse Beesoii, grandson of the original proprietor of the town, was bcjrn in 1806. He first attended school in a log house where the Methodist Episcopal hotise of worship later stood. The school was taught 1 ly a Mrs. I)aughert}^ He afterwards attended at the schoolhouse on Peter Street mentioned by Miss Hadden. A teacher in the Peter Street school about that time was Salias Bailey, father of William and Elias Bailey. At that time, and for more than twenty years afterwards, Unionlown, like most other villages of its size and importance, (particularly county seats) was prolific of "select schools," and so-called "academies," some of them having merit, but the greater part being poor and of short duration. Gener- ally thev were quite pretentious in their announcements, and nearly ever}^ scholar whose parents were able t(j incur the ex|)ense (which \\'as not heax'v) attended some one of them for a " term " of three months if not more. In the Genius of Liberty of Jtme 6, 1820, are fotxnd the advertisements of two of these schools. One is to the effect that " Mr. and Mrs. Baker present their respectful compliments to the people of Union Town, soliciting their support of a school for the instruction of Young Ladies in all the usual branches of an English education. Also plain sewing, marking cotton-w'ork of all kinds. Embroidery, Tambour, Filagree, Fringe, Netting, Drawing, Painting, and Mvisic, Vocal and Instrumental. " The following notice, which appears in the Genius of Liberty in April, 1817, is given here as indicating the progress which had then begun to be made towards the free-school system which was adopted in the State some years later: "Mar. 25, 1817. "To the Assessors of the County of Fayette: "You are hereby atxthorized and required to notify the parents of the children hereinafter named that they are at liberty to send their children to the most convenient school free of expense, and also transmit a list of the names of the children as aforesaid to the teachers of schools within your township, agreeably to the eleventh section of an act of General Assembly passed April 4, 1809." L^niontown now has four magnificent school buildings, the Central High and Grammar School building, the White Building, the Berkley Street Building and the Craig Building. Prof. H. F. Brooks is at present the efificient principal. There are 1,710 pupils enrolled and the town employs a corps of forty teachers. PIONEER LODGES OF UNIONTOW^N. A Masonic lodge was chartered in Uniontown April 2, 1802, with the fol- lowing-named officers: Abraham Stewart, W. M.; George Manypenny, S. W.; Christian Tarr, J. W. ; John Van Houten, Tyler. This lodge continued until 1817. LAUREL LODGE, No. 215. F. and A. M. This lodge was instituted June 30, 182S, under charter granted b^- the R. W. Grand Lodge of Pcnnsvlvania, June 2, 1828. Its first officers were 452 Fayette Lodge, No. 228, F. and A. M. Thomas Irwin, W. M. ; L. W. Stockton, S. W. ; Gabriel Evans, J. W.; William Salter, Treasurer; M. Hampton, Secretary. The lodge existed for a short period only, closing its work February 11, 1S31. FAYETTE LODGE, No. 228, F. and A. M. Upon the petition of John Irons, Zalmon Ludington, James Piper, John Keffer, P. U. Hook, John McCune, William Doran, Moses Shehan, Rev. S. E. Babcock, and Samuel Bryan, the R. W. Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted a warrant or charter to open a lodge in the borough of Uniontown, to be known as Fayette Lodge, No. 228, John Irons to be first W. M.; Zalmon Ludington to be first S. W.; James Piper to be first J. W. UNION R. A. CHAPTER, No. 1G5. A petition was forwarded to the Grand Holy Royal Arch Chapter of Penn- sylvania, signed P. U. Hook, John Irons, S. E. Babcock, William Searight, Daniel Sturgeon, and John McCune, praying that a charter be granted them to open and hold a chapter of Royal Arch Masons at Uniontown. The Grand Chapter, having taken favorable action upon said petition, directed S. McKinley, Esq., D. D. G. H. P. for Western District of Pennsyl- vania, to convene the petitioners and constitute them into a chapter of R. A. Masons, which he did on the 15th day of May, 1849, when Union R. A Chapter, No. 165, was duly constituted and its officers elected, viz: P. U. Hook, H. P.; William Searight, K.; John Irons, S.; William ThorndeU, Treasurer; Richard Huskins, Secretary. ST. OMER'S COMMANDERY, No. 3, KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. Organized at Uniontown, December 14, 1853, under charter granted by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. The first officers were: Eminent Com- mander, John Bierer; Generalissimo, Andrew Patrick; Captain-General, William Thomdell, Jr.; Prelate, James Piper; Treasurer, William ThorndeU, Jr. ; Recording Scribe, Richard Huskins. The commandery was discontinued October 17, 1854, but was afterwards revived and removed to Brownsville. UNIONTOWN COMMANDERY, No. 49, KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. This commandery was chartered May 13, 1874. Its first officers were Nathaniel A. Baillie, Eminent Commander; Charles H. Rtish, Generalissimo; William Hunt, Captain-General; William C. Snyder, Prelate; Clark Breading, Treasurer; William H. Hope, Recorder; Silas M. Bailey, Senior Warden; William T. Moore, Junior Warden; John F. Gray, Standard Bearer; J. Austin Modisett, Sword Bearer; Thomas Brownfield, Warden. I'ort Necessity Lodge, No. 254, I. (). (). F. 453 FORT NECESSITY LODGE, No. 254, L O. O, F. liLsliltUed Augvist 6, 1847. The first ofiicer.s of the lodge were Samuel Bryan, N. G. ; M. Keely, V. G. ; H. W. S. Rigdon, Secretary; M. Runion, Asst. Secretary; D. Clark, Treasurer; The lodge first met in Madison Col- lege building, afterwards in Bryant's Building, and now holds its meetings at its rooms in Concert Hall Block. FAYETTE ENCAMPMENT, No. 80, L O. O. F. Chartered July 31, 1848. The first officers of the encampment were Daniel Bryan, C. P.; James Piper, H. P.; H. W. S. Rigdon, S. W.; D. Merchand Springer, J. W.; James A. Moi'ris, Secretary; James McDermott, Treasurer; David Clark, S. TONNALEUKA LODGE, No. 365, L O. O. F. This lodge was chartered June 18, 1849, and organized on the 11th of July following, with the following-named ofificers: James Piper, N. G. ; Daniel Smith, V. G. ; John K. Fisher, Secretary; William Barton, Jr., Asst. Secretary; Robert T. Galloway, Treasurer. ROYAL ARCANUM COUNCIL, No. 388. Organized in September, 1879; chartered May 3, 1880. MADISON LODGE, No. 419, K. of P. The charter of this lodge dates December 10, 1873. The charter members were G. W. K. Minor, H. Delaney, J. M. Hadden, J. W. Wood, J. S. Roberts, J. S. Breading, G. B. Rutter, L. Francis, J. D. Moore, and George H. Thorn- dell, Sr. WILL F. STEWART POST, No. 180, G. A. R. This post of the Grand Army of the Republic was organized May 20, 1880, with twenty charter members. RISING STAR LODGE, No. 533, I. O. G. T. This lodge was organized June 21, 1880, by George Whitsett, and the fol- lowing-named oiBcers were then elected and installed: W. C. T., P. C. Baxter; W. V. T., Miss M. V. Jackson; W. Secretary, Joseph B. Jackson; W. F. Secretary, Susan Moxley; W. Treasurer, William Albert Henry; W. Chaplain, C. A. Jenkins; W. Marshal, Eli Ti-uly; Inner Guard, Samtiel Miller; Sentinel, James Carter. Note — A complete history of the Uniontown Churches will be found under the caption of "Religious History." Biographical Sketches Hon. Stephen Leslie Mestrezat, LL. D., Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, is a son of Jean Louis Guillaume and Mary Ann (Hartley) Mestrezat, and was born in Mapletown, Greene County, Pennsylvania, February 19, 1848. His father was French and his mother of English and Scotch-Irish descent and Judge Mestrezat has inherited the better traits and characteristics of both nationalities. Charles Alexandre Mestrezat, the grandfather of Judge Mestrezat, was an intimate friend of Albert Gallatin and was induced by the latter to come to America, in 1794. He settled in Greene County near Mapleton on the banks of the Monongahela River almost directly opposite the Gallatin man- sion in Fayette County. In France he had married Miss Louise Elizabeth Dufresne, but their children, ten in all, were born at Mapleton. One of these was the father of Judge Mestrezat. Jvidge Mestrezat was taken into partnership by Hon. Charles E, Boyle when the former was yet quite a j^oung man and the partnership continued uninterrupted for thirteen years, the firm being one of the most prominent that ever practiced at the Fayette County bar, or elsewhere, for that matter. To the early and careful training of his parents, Jtidgc Mestrezat ascribes, more than to anything else, his great success in life. They had decided in his childhood that their son, Leslie should be trained and educated for the law, and neither he nor they, lost sight of that resolution. After ccmpleting his common and high school courses he graduated from the Waynesburg College with the highest honors. Soon after this he entered the law department of Washington & Lee University of Virginia, of which Gen. Robert E. Lee was president. Judge Mestrezat graduated from this institution in 1871 with the degree of LL. B. He then returned home and was at once admitted to the bar at Waynesburg, Greene County, Pennsylvania. Shortly after this he went west, expecting to settle there if he could find a suitable location, but after some time spent in looking for what he considered a good place, he concluded that his chances were better in the cast than in the west so after teaching school one term or one winter in LaSalle County, Illinois, he came back and opened an ofifice in Uniontown which has ever since been his home and where all his political honors took root, grew and still flourish. In 1877 he was elected District Attorney of Fayette County on the Demo- cratic ticket. In 1884-5 he was chairman of the Democratic Committee of Fayette County, and a member of the Democratic State Executive Com- mittee. He was a delegate to the Democratic State Convention of 1882, that nominated Robert E. Pattison for Governor; to the Convention of 1886 which named Chauncey F. Black for Governor; and to the National Demo- cratic Convention of 1892 that nominated and afterwards elected Grover Cleve- land President. In 1893, Judge Mestrezat was elected Judge of the Fourteenth Hon. Edmund Homer Reppert 455 ludicial District coniin-isini,' the counties of Fayette an(] (ireene, l)y a ma- jority of nearly two thousand. When Hon. Nathaniel ICwinsj; retired from the bench in 1S9S, judjjc Mcstre/.at became President judge of the District. November 7, ISUi) judge Mestrczat was elected Judge of the Supreme Covirt of the State of Pennsylvania over many deep and brilliant jurists, and is today filling that exalted and responsible position with great credit to him- self and to the bench. Hex. Edmund Homer Reppert, President Judge of the Fourteenth Judi- cial District of Pennsylvania, was bom October 28, 1855. He is a son of the late Benjamin F. and Rhoda Kendall Reppert, the former a native of Greene County, the latter of Fayette County, Pa. Christian Reppert, Judge Rep- pert's paternal grandfather, came from Alsace, Loi-raine, in 1791. Shortly thereafter he located in Greensboro, Crecne County, and became interested in the tanning and glass indvtstries. He died in 1851. His son, Benjamin F., the father of the subject of this sketch, became a resident of Nicholson Township, Fayette County, in 1854, and lived there until he died in 1890. He was a farmer. His w'idow, Rhoda Kendall Reppert, now resides in Mt. Pleasant, Pa. The first comer of the Kendalls to this section w^as Jeremiah, a great-grandfather of Jtidge Reppert. He was a Virginian and settled in German Township shortly after the close of the Revolutionary War, in which he participated as a soldier of the patriot army. In 1787 there was issued to him a patent for a tract of land called "The Twins," situated on Brown's Rim, and containing two hundred and sixty- four and one-fourth acres and an allowance, the greater portion of which is still in the hands of the descendants. His son, also named Jermiah, the father of Rhoda Kendall Reppert, was a soldier in the war of 1812. Edmimd H. Rep- ])crt prepared for college at Georges Creek Academy, Smithlield; then entered Bucknell College, from which institution he was graduated with the class of 1877. The following two years he spent on the farm, then going to Union- town to take up the study of law under the preceptorship of Hon. Nathaniel Ewing. During the latter period he taught school, one year in South Union Township, and three years at Uniontown, serving as principal of the Union- town schools for two years. He was admitted to the bar in 1883. In 1884 he formed a law partnership with A. H. W^ycoff which was dissolved in 1887. He then became associated with George D. H. Howell, which connection was not severed tmtil Judge Reppert's accession to the bench, January 1, 1898. He was a candidate for District Attorney in 1892, when he was de- feated by George W. JefTeries. He was a candidate for the judgeship in 1893, when he received Fayette County's indorsement, but being vmable to obtain the district nomination (Fayette and Greene Counties then com- prising the judicial district) was withdrawn. He remained in active par- ticipation in the Reptiblican party work, and was nominated and elected judge in 1897. He was married June 12, 1889, to Ellen, daughter of the late Alfred Howell, a leading member of the Fayette County bar. Judge and Mrs. Reppert have one child, Elizabeth, and reside in Fayette Street, Uniontown. Judge Reppert is a member of the Baptist Chtirch, Smithfield, with which he united in his youth. 456 Robert Etneroy Umbel Robert Emeroy Umble, judge of the 14th Judicial District, is a native of Henry Clay Township, Fayette County, Pa., where he was born over thirty-six years ago and is therefore now in the very prime of life. His early years were spent in the quietude of the country near the village of Markleys- btirg, and the physical vigor that has encouraged his years of toil was devel- oped by the simple custoins, quiet life and healthful climate of his mountain home. The Umbles came originally from Wales and settled in New Jersey in 1770, later moving to Pennsylvania in 1802, the grandfather of Robert E. was born in Henry Clay Township ; the other branch of the family name was Thomas, and they were of Welsh extraction also; coming to America about 1772, they located in the Conemaugh Valley. The elder Umble's wife was of German descent, while the wife of the elder Thomas was a native of Ire- land. Thus was the Anglo-Saxon blood predominant in their family, which was among the pioneers in the settlement of the mountainous part of Fayette County. His mother's maiden name was Brown and her people were of English descent. S. C. Umble, father of Robert E., was bom in 1835, in Henry Clay Township. In 1856 he was ordained into the ministry. Ap- preciating the value of a good education, he attended to the early instructions of his children. The school facilities of that mountain district were neces- sarily limited. Yoving Umble attended the public schools in the winter and spent the summer in working among the farmers for twenty-five cents per day, doing such work as was expected of a boy of his years. His last year in the public school was 1878-'79, under the instruction of John A. Artis of Dunbar, Pa. The young man's ambition was to secure an education and what he lacked m money he made up in pluck, and so determined to work during the winter of 1 879-' 80 and earn sufficient ftmds to attend school the next spring, and prepare himself for a teacher, and accordingly he spent the daj^s of that winter chopping and hauling timber, working on a portable steam sawmill ctnd digging coal in a country mine at fifty cents per day. The next spring he was a student at the Georges Creek Academy at Smithfield, Pa., with O. J. Stitrgis, now editor of the Uniontown News- Standard, as his teacher. At the end of the term he obtained a teacher's certificate and secured a school in his native township. Here he was employed several years as a teacher and spent the summer months clerking in a country store, always spending his spare moments with his books. At that time he taught 22 days each month and received a salary of twenty-two dollars per month. In the spring of 1883, he entered the Western Pennsylvania Institute at Mt. Pleasant, Pa., and after examination was made a member of the class that would graduate in June, 1885. While a student in 1884 he entered the competitive examination for a vacant cadetship at the United States Military Academy at West Point, and secured the appointment. In the class were twenty-one aspirants for military honors. His mother having serious objections to his entering upon a military course and in consequence of their close family ties and of his regard for his parents he yielded to her wishes, and gave up what was a most prom- ising prospect. Frank M. l-uUer 457 In September, 1885, Mr. Uniblc registered as a law student in the office of Boyle & Mestrczat. His legal course was completed in 1887, when he was admitted to the bar. In January, 1888 Hon. Albert D. Boyd, one of Fayette's ablest lawyers, tendered Umble desk room in his office along with the position of assistant. This offer was gladly accepted. Boyd's large and varied practice furnished Umble with an excellent opportunity to win jjubli'c recognition. His clear comprehension of the law, sotmd judgment and capacity for work brought him immediately into prominence. In 1889, the borotigh council of Connellsville elected him solicitor, and in Atigust of the same year he formed a partnership with Mr. Boyd. The firm of Boyd & Umble has continued ever since and is known to the legal profession through- out the State, and the Svipreme and Superior Courts reports contain scores of cases in which it has been interested. Mr. Umble is a member of the bar of the United States Circuit and District Courts, and in 1894, on motion of Hon. William E. Maury, then First As- sistant Attorney- General of the United States, was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the United States, the highest legal tribtmal in the world. In all lines of practice Mr. Umble is strong. He is a fluent and effective speaker, gaining the confidence of his hearers by his earnestness and winning verdicts by his logic and array of facts. Entertaining the broadest views upon all subjects, narrow in nothing, possessing a big brain and a big heart, Mr. Umble is a fit representative of the character of men that should wear the judicial ermine. Robert E. Umble comes from a family of Democrats. Since the birth of the Republic, his ancestry has been among the firm defenders of those principles which made possible the stability of American instittitions and the grandeur of the American government. The first contest in which Mr. Umble took any interest was in 1881, in the election of county superintend- ent of public schools, which both parties have always insisted shovild be non-partisan, and true to his convictions, he companioned the cause of his late teacher and friend, Prof. O. J. Sturgis, although not agreeing with him politically. Frank M. Fuller was born in Uniontown, Fayette Comity, Pa., April 7, 1853. He was educated in the public schools, Chambersburg Academy and La Fayette College, taking a special course in the latter institvition . He read law with the Hon. Nathaniel Ewing, subsequently president judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County, and was admitted to the bar in 1879. He followed the legal profession only a short time, and for the past twenty-five years has taken an active interest in Republican political affairs. He has been secretary and chairman of the Fayette Covmty committee re- peatedly, and has been a delegate several times to Republican State Con- ventions, has been a member of the Republican State Committee continu- ously for about fifteen years, was a delegate to the Republican National Convention which nominated Harrison for President of the United States in 1892, and an alternate delegate to the National Convention which placed in nomination the late William McKinlev. 458 Allen Foster Cooper Mr. Fuller was supervisor of the census for the Seventeenth District of Pennsylvania at the last enumeration and declined to accept the proffered position of United States Marshal for the Western District of Pennsylvania. January 20, 1903, Mr. Fuller was appointed Secretary of the Common- wealth bv Governor Pennypacker, and his nomination was unanimously confirmed by the Senate. Allen Foster Cooper, attorney at law, was born in Franklin Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, June 16, 1862. He is a son of Joel and the late Eliza Jane (Fetz) Cooper, also natives of Fayette Cotmty, the former of English and the latter of German descent. Joel Cooper is a farmer of Franklin Township and a member of the Baptist Church at Flatwoods. His wife died August 24, 1874. A. F. Cooper attended the public schools of his native township, was graduated from the State Normal school at California, class of 1882, attended Mount Union College at Alliance, Ohio, during the spring and summer of 1883, taught school for six years, latterly (two years) as principal of the Belle Vernon Schools, and during this time took partial post-graduate courses at California and Lock Haven. His law studies were begun vinder the precep- torship of Hon. A. D. Boyd, at Uniontow.n. He entered the law department of Michigan University, Ann Arbor, in 1886, and was graduated from that institution with the class of 1888, and admitted to practice in the Circuit and Supreme Courts of Michigan. Returning to Uniontown, he reentered the office of his preceptor and was admitted to practice December 4, 1888. January 1, 1889, he formed his present partnership association with J. Q. Van Swearingen, under the firm name of Cooper & Van Swcaringen, with present offices at 25 East Main Street. They have been solicitors and clerks of Uniontown since March, 1891, and have at various times acted as soUcitors for Brownsville, Belle Vernon, Fayette City, Dunbar and other boroughs and townships. Mr. Cooper has been actively identified with the work of the Repubhcan party in Fayette County, having served for a number of years as a member of the County committee, of which he was secretary through several campaigns. He has also represented the county in several State conventions as a delegate, and has been a member of every Congressional conference save one, since the formation of the 24th district. He has served twice as chairman of the county convention, in 1894 and 1898. In the fall of 1902, Mr. Cooper was elected to Congress from the 24th dis- trict'which is composed of Fayette, Somerset and Greene, on the Republican ticket by a handsome majority and is now the nominee of his party for re- election this fall. Mr. Cooper was married March 26, 1890, to Miss Alice C. Lackey, a daughter of the late Thomas and Cynthia A. Lackey. They reside at 6.5 Wilson avenue, Uniontown, Pa. Benjamin N. Freelanu, State Senator from the 40th senatorial district of Pennsylvania, which is composed of Fayette and Greene counties, was I.ouis 1'". Areiisl)er54 -^59 born in Mt. Morris, Greene County, Pa., March ]S, 18,58; he was edticated in the iniliUe schools of his native town and at Eastman's Business College, Poughkeejjsie, N. V., from Avhich institution he was graduated in 1876. At fifteen years of age he commenced teaching in the public schools of Greene County and continued in that work for a ntimber of years. In 1893 he was a]i])ointed United States storekeeper in the Twenty- third District of Penn- sylvania, which position he held till 1890, when he was elected clerk of courts of Greene County, and reelected to the same office in 1899. In 1902, as before stated, he was elected to the vState Senate from the 4()th senatorial district. Louis F. Arensberg was born in what is now the Second Ward of Pitts- burg, October 11, 1842. and was educated in the schools of that city and at the University of Michigan. The day after Fort Sumter was fired on he joined the Iron City Guards, afterwards enlisting in Hampton's Battery, "Third Independent Battery F." He took part in several battles, and was captured by General Early in 1864, and recaptured shortly afterwards by General Averill's command. He served several terms in the cit}^ councils of Pittsburgh. Mr. Arensberg practiced medicine in Pittsburgh from the close of the war until 1886, with marked success, when he was com- pelled, owing to ill health, to give up his practice. He removed to Fayette County, where he engaged in farming. He is Master of County Grange and President of the Southwestern Penn Mutual Fire Association. The doctor was elected on the Republican ticket to the Hovise of Representati\-es of Pennsylvania in 1900, and again in 1902. Andrew A. Thompson was born in Uniontown, Fayette County, Pa., October 25, 1880; attended the public schools of that place and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in 1902, since which time he has assisted his father, Josiah V. Thompson, in the First National Bank of Uniontown. He was elected to the House of Representatives in November, 1902, on the Republican ticket, polling the largest vote cast for any Assembly- man. Mr. Thompson has the honor of being the youngest member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania. He is a candidate for re-election this fall. Samuel E. Frock, the present popular and efficient Sheriff of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, was born in Carroll County, Maryland, November 8, 1861, and is of German descent. He received his education in the common schools of his native county and the first seventeen years of his life were spent on his father's farm. He then worked for a time in a stone quarry at Mt. Pleasant, Pennsylvania, whither he had come from Maryland. He then came to Bullskin Township where he worked for some time on a sawmill. About the year 1880 he went to Connellsville and for the first four years drove a team for John D. Frisbec. In 1891 Mr. Frock was selected tax col- 460 Biographies of County Chairmen lector of Connellsvillc by the largest majority, up to that time, that had ever been given a candidate for any ofifice in the county. After completing his term as tax collector he became one of the lessees of the Central Hotel, Uniontown, which he successfully conducted for some time, when the lease was sold to Charles Rtish. After selling the lease of the Central Hotel, Mr. Frock returned to Con- nellsville and accepted the position of manager of the Connellsville Brewing Company, which position he retained till about two years ago, when that plant was absorbed by the Pittsburg Brewing Company. After that he pur- chased and operated the South Water Street coal yards and also dealt ex- tensively in real estate. In 1901, Mr, Frock was selected by the Democrats of Fayette County as their candidate for sheriff and after one of the most hotly contested elections ever held in Fayette County he was elected over his opponent, Martin A. Keefer, by a majority of only 56 votes. While the majority was very small, considering the strong and popular opponent Mr. Frock had, the victory was a great credit to him. Mr. Frock married Miss Louie Balsley in 1889 and to them were born two children, a son and daughter. The daughter is dead. Samuel E. Frock is a gentleman whom it is a pleasure to know and his geniality has made for him many friends. He has never been known to turn away the worthy who have applied to him for succor, and has made a most efficient officer. BIOGRAPHIES OF COUNTY CHAIRMEN. Davis W. Henderson, a promising young attorney of Fayette County, practicing his profession with eminent success in Uniontown, was bom in Franklin Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, December 25, 1875, and is a son of Stewart and Harriet (Woodman) Henderson. He was raised on the farm and received his early education in the township schools. Subse- quently, he attended the California Normal school and graduated with the class of 1894. He then entered Waynesburg College and graduated from that institution of learning with the class of 1897. After completing his education, Mr. Henderson taught school one term in Redstone township and one term in Jefferson township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, after which he took up the study of law in the office of D. M. Hertzog in Uniontown. He was admitted to the bar December 4, 1900, and has practiced his chosen profession continuously since then. Mr. Henderson is a staunch Republican and served as Secretary of the Republican Central Committee under W. E. Crow, succeeding him, as County Chairman in 1902, and was reelected in 1903. On the 24th day of Jime, 1903, Mr. Henderson married Miss Knox, a step- daughter of Martin A. Keefer, present Republican candidate for Sheriff of Fayette County. Wooda Nicholas Carr 461 Mr. Henderson is associated in the practice of law, with Alfred E. Jones, District Attorney of Fayette County, and for the past three years has been attorney for the directors of the covinty home. Mr. Henderson has the dis- tinction of being the youngest county chairman in the State as well as one of the most active and efficient, and is rapidly winning his waj' to the front as a lawyer and a politician. He is a member of the Chapter, Blue Lodge and Commandery of the Masonic fraternity of Uniontown and a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. WooDA Nicholas Carr, now a prominent attorney at Uniontown, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, was born in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, February 6, 1872. He is a son of John D. and Amanda M. (Cook) Carr, both natives of Pennsj'lvania and of English, Irish and Scotch descent. Mr. Carr attended successively Fayette City public schools, Knox School (Pittsburg), Uniontown public schools, Redstone Academy, Madison College, and finally Jefferson College, from which he gradtiated with the class of 1891. He was then engaged editorially on the Uniontown Democrat and Daily News until 1893, and during this period took up the study of law, which he continued under the preceptorship of D. M. Hertzog. He was admitted to practice in Jttne, 1895. He is a Democrat and has been an active participant in the work of his party in Fayette County. He was secretary of the com- mittee in 1894 and 1895. During the campaign of 1896 he accompanied the Democratic National Committee on a tour of the Eastern States, and was in that year, Deinocratic nominee for the legislature. He is a member and Past Master of Fayette Lodge No. 228, F. and A. M.; P. E. R. of Uniontown Lodge No. 370, B. P. O. E., and of the Royal Arcanum. Mr. Carr is at present Chairman of the Democratic County Committee of Fayette County and active and prominent in his party, in legal circles and as a citizen. Thomas Scott Dunn, county chairman of the Prohibition party, is a son of the late Thomas and Eleanor (Scoft) Dunn, and was born in Franklin Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, January 7, 1848. Mr. Dunn's great-grandfather secured the original patent for the land on which he now resides and built the hotise in which he lives, in 1796. It is the old Dunn homestead. Mr. Dunn was raised on his father's farm and for many years followed farming. He received his edttcation in the common schools of Franklin Township. For the past twenty-five or thirty years he has been engaged in the lumber business, sawing much of the lumber he handles. In his earlier days, Mr. Dunn was a Republican, but being a teetotal abstainer and a Prohibitionist in principles, he affiliated himself with the Prohibition party and has ever since not only voted with that party, but has been an active worker in the cause of prohibition and temperance. He is also an active worker in the Presbyterian Church, of which he is a member, and has for many years been superintendent of the Sabbath school. In 1869, Thomas Scott Dunn married Miss Jane A. Murphy, a daughter 462 Albert Gallatin of Robinson and Margaret (Frasher) Murphy of Franklin Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Six children have blessed this tmion; they are, Clarence E., Olive B., now Mrs. Dr. J. O. Arnold of Philadelphia; Thomas B., William R., James H., and Harriet. Mr. Dunn is a musician of more than ordinary ability and has taught vocal music in various places in the county. His home is a place where one is always delighted to go. He started in life wnth little or nothing and by industry and frtigality has made for himself a fortune and a home. He owns a handsome farm of three hundred acres with two dwellings and two barns on it, and it is otheriwse handsomely improved. TWO MEN WHO HELPED MAKE FAYETTE COUNTY Albert Gallatin, a distinguished statesman of the United States and one of the illustrious citizens of Fayette County, was a native of Switzerland, born January 29, 1761, and was baptized on the 7th of February following, by the name of Arbaham Alfonze Albert Gallatin. In 1755 his father, Jean Gallatin, married Sophia Albertine Rolaz du Rosey, of Rolle. They had two children, Albert and a datightcr, who died young. Albert Gallatin was graduated in May, 1779, from the University of Geneva, first of his class in inathematics, natural philosophy' and Latin translation. He declined the commission of lieutenant-colonel in a German command, and emigrated to America and landed at Cape Ann, Mass., Jtily 14, 1780. In November of the same year he served his adopted country as commandant of a sinall fort at Machias, Maine; afterward taught the French language at Harvard University; soon removed to Richinond, Va., where he acted as interpreter for a commercial house. At Richmond he becaine ac- quainted with many eminent Virginians, and, acting upon their advice, purchased lands in the Valley of the Monongahela, became the proprietor of " Friendship Hill" and a resident of Springhill Township, Fayette County, Pa. In 1786 he purchased land, and in 1789 located here as a resident. He nained the small village of New Geneva, in remembrance of his trans-Atlan- tic birthplace, and was largely engaged in the manufacture of glass. In 1789 he was a member of the convention to revise the constitution of Pennsylvania, and served two terms as a member of the Pennsylvania as- sembly. In 1793 he was elected to the Senate of the United States, but by a strict party vote was excluded on the ground of constitutional ineligibility, as he had not been a naturalized citizen of the United States for nine years. He became somewhat involved in the "Whisky Insurrection," but fully acciuitted himself of all intention to oppose the enforceincnt of the laws. From 1795 to 1800 he served as a member of Congress, where he was recog- nized as the Republican leader and regarded as a logical debator and a sound statesman. May 14, 1801, President Jefferson appointed him Secretary of the Treastiry. lieiirv Clav I'rick 463 He sticcessftiUy managed the financial affairs of the nation during Jefferson's administration, and muler Maihson's until ISi;!, wlu'n he resigned to aeeept service tmder his adopted country as minister in ICvin)])ean courts. In 181 o he was sent to St. Petersburg as one of the envoys to negotiate with Great Britain tmder the meditation of the Czar, and later was one of the commissioners who negotiated a treaty of peace with England in 1814, at Ghent. From 181() to 182o he was resident minister at the court of France, and during this period was em].iloyed successfully on im]iortant mis- sions to Great Britian and the Netherlands. In diploinatic services he never lacked in skill and judgment, and was always successful in protecting the rights of America. President Madison offered him the secretaryshijj of State, Monroe offered him the navj^ department, but Gallatin refused them both. In 1824 he refused the second highest office within the gift of the American people, by declining the noinination of Vice President of the United States oft'ered him by the Democratic party. In 1824 he returned to " Friend- ship Hill" and there received and entertained his warm friend, the Marquis de Lafayette. In 1826 he was sent as minister plenipotentiary to England. His mission to the court of St. James was successful, and was the close of his long, arduous and successful political career. It was also the termination of his thirty- three years of residence in Fayette County. In 1828 he became a resident of New York City, became president of a bank, assisted in found- ing the New A'ork Historical Society, the American Ethnological Society, and, a few days before his death, was elected one of the first members of the Smithsonian Institute. His long and eventful life came to a close at Astoria, Long Island, on August 12, 1849, at the age of over eighty-eight years. Henry Clay Frick of the celebrated firm of H. C. Friek & Co., manufacturers and dealers in coke, and whose name is familiar in every quarter of the civilized world, while not a native of Fayette County, has for many years been prominently identified with her most valued industry. Mr. Friek was born in West Overton, Westmoreland County, Pennsyh-ania, and first commenced active and extensive operations in coke at Broad Ford in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, and has prosecuted it ever since till it is today of such gigantic proportions and of such vast extent that it is almost mcomprehensible. His enterprises are not confined to coke alone, however, out are as numerous and varied as they are prominent and successful. He IS a man of superior intelligence and business acumen, is ever active and tire- less in keeping in touch with his numerous interests, and is in short, a man worthy of emulation in every respect and one whom Fayette County may well honor for the im|)etus he has lent to her prime industries. ^^^h ^' QJ' Uniontown Business Directory (Taken from L,ant's Directory of Uniontown) Agents, Express. Adams Express Co., opp. P. R. depot. United States Express Co., Pittsburg. Agents, Insurance and Real Estate. Blackburn, Edward J., 80 E. Main. Caramer, Chas. T., First National Bank Building. Dawson, L. M., 37 W. Main. Douglas, J. S., 17 E. Main. Frank, Isadore, HE. Main. Herskovitz, Adolph, 20 E. Church, opp. High School. Knotts, Arthur K., 37 E. Main. Markle, O. P., 11 E. Main. McCormick, C. J., 32 E. Main. McCormick, Geo. A., SO E. Main, McCrum & Ingles, 51 W. Main. MetropoUtan Insurance Co, First National Bank Building. Porter, George, 32 E. Main. Prudential Insurance Co., 51 W. Main. Rockwell, S. Lindsey, 14 Title and Trust Building. Seaton, C. H., 2 E. Main. Searight, James A., 9 E. Main. Wolf, Joseph, 10 F. Title and Trust Building. Agricultural Implements. Keener, J. I., Market, cor. Arch. King Bros., 10-12 N. South. Architects. Cooper, Andrew P., First National Bank Building. Fulton, John C, 51 W. Main. Bakers and Confectioners. Bausch, Ernest, 25 S. Mt. Vernon. Bolus, Joseph, 157 W. Main. Denk, Joseph, 130 E. Main. Ellis, J. V. E., 30 Morgantown. Forzlv, Charles, 14 N. Gallatin. Hagan, Chas. F., E. Main. Hagan, Isaac N., Beeson Ave., cor. South. Ktith, L., 14 W. Main. Monahan, Frank C, 38 E. Fayette. Nicholas, Geo. L., Commercial Block. Sanson, M., Commercial Block. Sottis, Jas., 10 Morgantown. Wood, J. S., 5 Morgantown. Uniontown Business Directory 465 Banks. Citizens' Title and Trust Co., 24 W. Main. Fayette Title and Trust Co., 15 W. Main. First National Bank, Main cor. Pittsburg. Second National Bank, 21 W. Main cor. Beeson Ave. People's Bank of Favette County, 24 W. Main. The National Bank "of Fayette County, 12 E. Main. Billiards. Cornish, Fred, 90 W. Main. Cornish, Wm., 23 W. Peter. Pegg, Samuel. 04 W. Main. Jolliff, James N., 3 Morgantown. Blacksmiths and Carriages. Gadd, Geo. P., 123 W. Main. Hibbs, Ewing A., 7 E. Peter. Howard, J. M., & Son, hd. W. Peter. Keener, J. I., Market cor. Arch. King, Frank, 10 W. Peter. Kramer, Geo. H., W. South. Kramer, Theo. P., Mill cor Rav. Lewellen & Son, 112 W. Main. " Mathews, Thos., 41 N. Arch. Murphv, J. P., 100 E. Main. Rogers, A, J. .95 E. South. West .David H., 103 E. Main. Boots, Shoes, Hats and Caps. Boston Shoe Store, 20 Morgantown. Campbell, Hathaway & Co., 73 W. Main. Coffin, Thos. T., 53 W. Main. Hagans & Conn., 37 W. Main. Harah, John S., 19 W. Main. Stern, Joseph, 31 W. Main. Bottlers. Marshall, E. W., 199-201 E. Main. Sweeney, D. J., 134 E. Main. Uniontown Bottling House, 73 S. Gallatin. Brewers and Maltsters. Fayette Brewing Co., 30 E. Fayette. Pittsburg Brewing Co. (Uniontown Brewery), 08-74 N. Beeson Ave. Brick Manufacturers. Uniontown Brick Co., McCormick Co. WilHam. J. V & Co., 240 Derrick Ave. Patterson, R. I., & Co., Lebanon. 466 Uniontown Business Directory Brokers. The Van Dusen Brokers, 34 E. Main. Business College. Douglas Business College, First National Bank Building C.-^RPENTERS, Builders and Lumber. Baird & Baer, 34 Jefferson. Eggers & Graham, 70-78 E. Fayette. Frankenberrv, Jas. D., Title and Trust Building. Uniontown Ltimber Co., Pittsburg cor. Coal Lick Run. Civil Engineers and Surveyors. Boyd, F. R., 15 Fayette Title and Trust Building. Henshaw and Mechling, Second National Bank Building. Whyle & Crawford, First National Bank Building . Coke and Coal. Barnes, J. R. & J. E. , Second National Bank Building. Continental Coke Co., B. & O. R. R. Crow, Geo. W., Second National Bank Building. Frick, H. C. Coke Co. Leith. Hepplewhite. Thos., 9 E. Fayette. Hero Coal & Coke Company, Second National Bank Building. Hibbs, Geo. L., Title and Trust Building. Lafavette Coal & Coke Co., First National Bank Building. Penn Coke Co., Second National Bank Building. Percv Mining Co., 22 W. Main. Wells Creek Coal Co., limited. First National Bank Building. Uniontown Coke Co., Second National Bank Building. Dentists. Allen, James W., 12 Pittsburg. Hess, F.B., 51 W. Main. Howard, A. C, Second National Bank Building. Jaco, J. W., Commercial Block. Johnson, M. L., 23 W. Main. "Kramer, A. M., Ill E. Main. McKay, A. C, N. Bceson Ave. Robinson, Frederick C, First National Bank Building. Distillers. Johnson, D., E. Penn, cor. B. & O. R. R. Dressmakers. Dalzell, Margaret and Bessie, 34 Iowa. Dutton, Katie C, 51 Union. Henderson, Emma, 210 E. Main. Keys, Milla, Mrs.. 90 S. Mt. Vernon. rnioiilown Business Directory 467 Kininul, .M. F., Miss, 87 W. Fayette. Sheets, Ella, )'8 S. Beeson. Trader, Annie M., 23 W. Main. Walker, Marv E., 44 Iowa. Wilderman, Marv, 241 E. Main. Wood, Martha E., 90 W. l-avette. Druggists, Booksellers and St.xiioxrrs. Beal, L.C., E. Main. Beeson, Harrv, 71 W. Main. Clark, H. S., 7 Pittsburg. Crawford, L. L., 4 Broadway. Huston, Frank, 39 W. Main. Moser & Springer, 11 W. Main. Ritenour, J. K., 24-20 Morgantown. Union News Co., P. R. R. Station. Dry Goods .\nd Carpets. Crisholm, Daniel, 27 W. Main. Davis, Jacob, 7-9 Broadway. Feldstein, A., 17 Broadway. Friedman, Simon, 10-14 Pittsburg. Goodstein, D., 14 Bi-oadwav. Hankins tS: Hogsett. 20-24 E. Main. Levine, SamuetcS: Co., 120 E. Main. Rosenbaum Bros., 34 W. Main. Roth, George, 39 E. Main. Silverman, Geo. M., 10 W. Main. Silverman, Isaac, First National Bank Building. Thomson, T. N., 17 W. Main. Dyeing .^nd Scouring. Miller, M. W., 15 W. Peter. Manager &- Wahler, 17 Broadway. Electricians. Walters, Geo. E., Blackstone Building. Weller. C. J.,34E. Main. Fire Stone. Delaney Fire Brick Co., 27-28 Second National Bank Building. Savage Hill Fire Brick Co., First National Bank Btrilding. Uniontown Fire Stone Co., 22 E. Main. Florists. Barton Bros., ft. Grant. Brown, Thomas N., 323 Morgantown. Trader, E. H., Cleveland cor. Eudid. Furniture, Upholsterers and Undertakers. Barber & Sharp, N. Gallatin, cor. Peter. Beeson, A. G., E. South, cor. S. Gallatin Ave. 468 Uniontown Business Director)^ Cohen, Solomon & Sons, 19 Broadway. Credit Furniture Co., 64 Morgan town. Hall, Wm., 07 S. Beeson Ave. Johnson, A. D., 33 W. Main. Johnson, J. Haary, 23 E. Main. People's Furniture Store, 20 Broadway. Shuman, Samuel R., 107 W. Main. Glass Manufacturers. Fry, Geo. W & Co , Franklin. National Glass Co., operating Rochester Tumbler works, factory B, ft. S. Mt. Vernon. Uniontown Flint Glass Co., E. Penn, cor. B. & O. R. R.. Grain, Flour Feed and Produce. Clark, Moses H., South' n Borough scales. Enterprise Flouring Mill, 17 E. Penn. Craig, A. M. & Co., 8 Market. Gaddis, A., 42-40 Mill. Hagan, Robert & Son, 19 E. Fayette. Kimmel, Peter, 241 E. Main. King Bros., 10-12 South. McClain, M. H., 7 E. Fayette. Groceries and Crockery. Andreus, Michael, 73 Lawn Ave. Breading, Clark & Co., 1 S. Mt. Vernon. Burnworth, Robert P., 228 E. Main, Butler, Edward, Commercial Block. Chicago Dairy Co., 9 Morgantown. Cooper, N. P., 13 E. Main. Darby, J. T., 15 E. Main. Davis Bros., 237 S. Mt. Vernon Gerard, Mary, 177 E. Main. Gothold M., 25 Broadway. Grimes, Geo. W., 97 Morgantown. Hagan, Percy D., 17 Morgantown. Harford, Joseph, 190 S. Mt. Vernon. Hartman, John M., 101 S. Gallatin. Henderson, Wm. P., 216 E. Main. Hinebaugh, John W., 200 E. Main. Heyers ,John H., 126 E. Main. Johnson, I. H., 72 W. Main. Johnson, Wm. M., 130 E. Main. Kacur, Joseph, 113 E. Main. Kremer, A. C. ,125 E. Main. McCann, Chas. W., 30 N. Gallatin. McPherson, Jas. F., 49 E Winona. Miller, George H., 232 E. Main.. Moser Bros., 70 Morgantown. Moser, Geo. A., 11 Morgantown. Moyer, Thos. J., 42 E. Fayette Newcomer, J. J., 240 Derrick Ave. Rinehart, Bertha, 224 Derrick Ave. Unioutown Business Directory 469 Robinson, James M., 03 Morgantown. Rodham, John, 78 S. Mt. Vernon. Ruby, J. D., 41 W. Main. Rutter, George W. Sons, 84 W. Main. Rutter, John, 84 Stewart Ave. Springer, James E., 20 Lenox. Stone, Jas. F., 4 W. Wine . Swearingen, WiUiam, 210 E. Fayette. Trader, E. Wilmont, 23 Morgantown. Trax, W. S., 105 Morgantown. Union Supply Co., Leith. Union Supply Co,. No. 43 S. Mt. Vernon. Guns and Locksmith. Dice, Andrew W., 82 S. Gallatin Ave. H.1IR Dressers and Barbers. Artist, John W., 05 W. Main. Balsley, Geo. E., Second National Bank Building. Bowers, A. J., 222 E. Main. Chilton, Wm. A., 91 W. Main. Coughenour, Irwin H., 10 Pittsburg. Jenkins, C. A., 3 Morgantown. Jenkins, John M., First National Bank Building. Johnson, Philip, 28 E. Main. Lape, Harry R., 92 W. Main. McClure, A. Patterson. 41 W. Main. Smothers, John N., 13 Eroadway. White, Geo. C, 12 E. Main. Hardware, Stoves and Tinware. Carothers, John R., 23-25 N. Beeson Ave. Fields, Enos R., 19 W. Peter. Frey & Gilmore, 9 W. Main. Huston, John C. 2 W. South. Kefover, George B., Commercial Block. Malcolm, J, L., 11 and 13 Pittsburg. Miller, U. Grant, 28 Pittsburg. Miller, Arthur L., 95 W. Main. Snead, Robert H, 22 W. Peter Harness and Saddles. Hibbr, T- Newton, 91. W. Main. Smith,"!. M., E. Peter. Wood, John W., 01 W. Main. Hotels. Central Hotel, 2, 4 and W. Main. Frost House, 90 W. Main. Hotel Brunswick, 77 and 79 W. Main. Hotel Lafayette, 20 and 28 W. Main. Hotel Titlow, 88 and 94, W. Main McClelland House, 50 to 02 W. Main. 470 Uniontown Business Directory Moran House, 70 to 74 E. Main. New Hotel Mahaney, 14, 10 and 18 E. Main. Teed House, 35 Morgantown. West End Hotel, 74-78 W. Main. Ice Manufacturer. Hygeia Ice Co., W. Main. Interpreter. Herskovitz, Adolph, 20 E. Church, opp. High School. Laundry. Uniontown Steam Laundry, 147 E. Main. Lawyers. See Fayette County History, page 29. Livery and Boarding Stables. Ache, John M.. 89 S. Gallatin Ave. Ansel, Alfred, 12 Market pi. Friedman, Abram, 42 W. Peter. McClean, Wm. H., 17 E. Peter. Prentice, Walter L., South cor. Mill. Tedrick & Williams, Peter, W. of Arch. Todd, Springer, 08 Pittsbvirg. Machinists and Founders. Evans Mould and Machine Co., r 03 S. Beeson. Jaquett, Nathaniel H., 54 Robinson. Johnson Machine Co., 128 W. Main. Keystone Foundry Co., P. R. R., n. Berkeley. Miller, U. Grant, 28 Pittsburg. Uniontown Acme Radiator Co., hd N. Beeson Ave. Uniontown Machine Co., N. Arch. Machinists' Supplies. Johnson Machine Co., 128 W. Main. Marble, Granite and Stone. Marshall, Joseph H., 30 N. Arch. Marshall, J. R., & Son, 32 Morgantown. McCormick, Gibson & Co., 30 Jefferson. Nixon & Weaver, P. R. R. White, Joseph, 24 W. South. Meat Markets. Guvton, Ed.. 220 E. Main. Kiefcr, M. A., 29 W. Main. McCarty. Frank, 17 N. Gallatin. McCormick, Chas. K., 22 Morgantown. Uniontown Business Directory 471 Rider, J. W., 7 Morgan town. Ruhcl, Paul R., W. Main, cor. Fayette. Spurgcon, Lucian, 51 Morgantown. Wilson, Wm., 108 E. Main. Merchant Tailors and Clothiers. Allen, R. M., 55 W. Main. Baum, Max. & Son, 3(;-38 W. Main. Brtmibcrg & Bergman, 5 W. Main. Bulger, Thos. W., 7 E. Main. Cohen, Morris, IS W. Main. Craig, Alex W., G Morgantown. Fife, WiTi. H., Fayette Title and Trust Building. Kraus Bros., 30 Broadway. Levinson Bros., 12 Main. Lynch, Maurice, 1-5 E. Main. Montgomery, T. B., 2-4 Fayette Title and Trust Building. Reis, M. L., First National Bank Building. Rosenzweig, Jacob, 72 W. Main. Rubin, Lewis, 10 Broadway. Stern, Joseph, 31 W. Main. Zand, Philip, 24 Broadway. Milliners. Chisholm, Daniel, 27 W. Main. Couganour, Arabell, 10 Morgantown. Hockheimer, Carolin, (J W. Peter. Mvers, D. M., Mrs., 1 Morgantown. Smith, H. P., Mrs., 19 Morgantown. Music Stores. Ehis, A. J., 29 Morgantown. Frederick, W. F., First National Bank Building. Newspapers and Printers. Farwell, Wm. H., First National Bank Building. Fayette Publishing Co., Broa iway cor. Peter. News Publishing Co., Peter cor. Pittsburg. News Standard, Pittsburg cor. Peter. Stansbury & McCormick, Blackstone Building. The E^'ening Genius, Broadway cor. Peter, e hePToples Tribune, Morgantown. Notary Public. Herskovitz., Adolph, 20 E. Church op]). High School Oil Dealers. Buttermore, Chas. H., rear Gaddis' Mill. Optician. Herskovitz, Rose, Dr., 20 E. Church opp. High School. 472 Uniontown Business Directory Painters. Altman, John P., 143 E. Main. Jackson, Chas. E., & Bro., 40 Iowa. Photographs and Picture Frames. Auslander, Sol., 30 Broadway. Barber & Sharp, N. Gallatin cor. Peter. Downs Bros., 9 W. Main. Kough, 10^ W. Main. Middleton & Hellen, 70 W. Main. Ritenour, Edith A., First National Bank Building. Physicians. Batton & Hatfield, 7G Morgan town. Baum, S. A., 25 S. Galladn Ave. Beal, L. C, 21 E. Main. Bowie, A. P., 87 W. Main. Detwiler, John F., 32 W. Fayette. Eastman, thos. N., 24 W. Church. Evans, Geo. O., 50 S. Gallatin Ave. Ewing, J. B., 84 E. Main. Fuller, John M., 8 N. Beeson Ave. Gaddis, Levi S., 8 Pittsbtirg. Hackney, Jacob S., 3(5 W. Church. Hemington, J. Glenn, 87 W. Main. Herskovitz, Rose, (optics), 2(3 E. Church, opp. High School. LaClair, Chas. H., 2 E. Church. Larkin, Peter A., 18 E. Chturch. Marshall, F. J., (Osteopath), First National Bank Building. Parshall, James W., First National Bank Building. Robinson, F. C, 8 Pittsburg. Smith, C. H., 54 S. Gallatin. Smith, P. F., 47 S. Gallatin. Sturgeon, John D., 22 N. Gallatin. Taylor, Frank H., 70 E. Main. Whitson, James T., 29 E. Main. Plumbers and Supplies. Hathway, Harold, 95 W. Main. Johnson Machine Co., 128 W. Main. Litman, Fred W., First National Bank Building. Robinson & Walters, 30 Morgantown, Titus, Chas. L., 15 Market. Williams, Oscar E., Gallatin Ave., cor. South. Restaurants. Biddle, Alonzo, G S. Beeson Ave. Brownfield, John C, 22 Broadway. Bunting, Frank, South cor. Market. Carter, Silas S., 10 W. Peter. Collins, Daniel, 137 E. Main. Uniontowii Business Directory 473 Hagan, I. N., Sons, Beeson cor. South. Hair, Thomas, 42 Morgantown. Martin, Jas. B., 139 E. Main. Morss, E. D., Broadway cor. Peter. Ramsey, J. D., 134 E. Main. Steamship Agency. Herskovitz, Adolph, 20 E. Church, opp. High School. Sewing Machines. Singer Manufacturing Co., 33 Morgantown. Telegraphs. Postal Telegraph Cable Co., 20 W. Main. Western Union Telegraph Co., Thompson & Ruby Building. Telephones. Central District and Printing Telegraph Co., First National Bank Building. Maryland, Pennsylvania and West Virginia Telephone and Telegraph Co., 12 E. Main. Tobacco and Cigars. Bygate, Chas. S., First National Bank Building. Divvens & Co., 31 E. South. Divvens, Nathan, 59 W. Main. Foster, John W., 26 E. Main, Moore & Wood, G7 W. Main. Perry, Skiles R., 31 Iowa. Variety Stores. Gettleman, Andrew C, 202 E. Main. Michal, Joseph J., 14 Morgantown. Murphy, G. C, 25 W. Main. Scott, M. A. T., 15 Morgantown. Stumpf, T. R-, 7 E. Craig. Weninger, E. E., Jr., 38 E. Main. Veterinary Surgeons. Magee .George, 33 Pittsburg. Waldron, T. N., 192 E. Main. Watchmakers and Jewelers. Bailev, George M., 21 W. Main. Hunt & Collins, First National Bank Building. Hunt, WilHam, 7 W. Main. Miller, Wallace H., 6 W. Main. Ogusky & Meyer, 15 Broadway. 474 Miscellaneous MISCELLANEOUS. Borough Officers. Chief Burgess, Frank Rvitter. Clerks and Attorneys, Cooper and Van Swearingen. Treasurer, S. M. Graham. Council, John Gallagher, Pres; T. N. Eastman, Kenneth R. Hagan, George H. Miller, Theop. Bowie, John G. Wildy, Jas. Parkhill, George Baily. Police — Chief, Judson Sisler; A. J. Doran, Jesse Shaffer, Morgan H. Kendall, Henry Douglas and John H. Scese. Weighmaster, George Collins. Masons' and Odd Fellows' Lodges. Fayette Lodge No. 228, F. & A. M., meets second Monday evening in each month in their hall F. Title and Trust Building. Union Chapter No. 1C5, R. A. M., meets first Tuesday evening in each month in their hall. Uniontown Commandery No. 49, meets third Thursday e\'ening in each month in their hall. Fort Necessity, L O. O. F., meets in O. F. Hall every Friday evening. Tonnaleuka, I. O. O. F., meets in O. F. Hall eyery Thursday evening. Fayette Encamp:nent, L O. O. F., meets in O. F. Hall second and fourth Monday evinings of each month. Churches. First Presbyterian — Fayette Corner Morgan town Street; Rev. A. S. Mil- holland, pastor. Cumberland Presbyterian — East Church Street; Rev. H. C. Baird, pastor. Central Christian — South Gallatin Avenue; Rev. C. H. Plattenburg, pastor. Episcopal — Morgan town Street; Rev. J. S. Lightbourn, pastor. Baptist — West Fayette Street; Rev. H. F. King, D. D., pastor. First German Baptist Brethren — Morgantown Street; Rev. J. C. Johnston, pastor. Lutheran — North Gallatin Avenue; Rev. A. E. Trabert, pastor. Central Presbyterian — West Church Street; Rev. S. R. Gordon, D. D., pastor. Methodist Episcopal — Morgantown Street; Rev. E. G. Loughrey, pastor. First Methodist Protestant — Church Street cor. Beeson Ave. ; Rev. Alex Steele, pastor. Methodist Protestant — Collins Avenue; Rev. E. J. Headley, pastor. Roman Catholic — Jefferson Street; Rev. B. P. Kenna, pastor. German Baptist Brethren — Robinson Street; Jasper Barnthouse, Alpheus DeBolt, elders. African Methodist Episcopal Zion — East Main Street; Rev. J. M. Snow. pastor. African Methodist Episcopal St. Paul — Morgantown Street; Rev. George C. Sampson-, pastor. Mt. Olive Baptist — Stewart Avenue; Rev. P. H. Thompson, pastor. Mt. Rose Baptist — E. Main; Rev. Thps. Ford, pastor. Miners — Collins Avenue; Rev. H. J. Headley, pastor. Brownsville Directory 475 James H. Gray Water StreeL, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Abrams, Dr. J. H., Dentist, Market. " Hattie. Mar}-. Abrams, E. D., retired, Market. " Dorotha, wife. " Anna. Acklin, Chas. P., baker, Front. " Sara, wife. Acklin, H. B., widow. Arch. " Lizzie, maiden. Acklin, Sarah, widow. Water. Edward, miner. Water. Addis , Wm . S . , miner, Walnut . " Nellie, wife. " Sarah K. Grace N. " Clarence W. Addis, Mary, with James Bennett, Redstone. James, carpenter, with James Bennett, Red- stone. Albright, Wm., gas fitter. Market. Kate, wife. Albright, Wm. B., butcher. Market. Mahnda,wife. " Rebecca. Mildred. Allison, Clarence, bartender, Albion Hotel. Ambros, John T., school, with E. Smith, Redstone. X Directory of the Three Towns P BROWNSVILLE ^ n ^ O m n C/5 n = n O Qi CT 3 a a. 3 Q. C/) < r" — 1 S a m O" > OD — 1 (D 3 a a. s Q. C/5 r- (a H S Qi m 2 > — 1 (fi (75 480 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. The Up-To-Date Drug Store. ^ Brill, Margaret, dressmaker. Market. Brown, Louis, miner, b R. Giles, Water. Bulger, Miles G., cashier, Sec. Nat. Bank, Market. Maud. " Miles, Jr. Burd, Ida B., dressmaker, Market. Burd, John, miner, Market. Burd, Wm. B., blacksmith. Market. " Anna, wife. " Mary L., clerk. Pearl E., clerk. Burd, Harry, blacksmith, Market. '' Annie, wife. Burnett, Jennings, plumber, b B. Madera. Burns, Mark A., Telegrapher, b Alexander Hotel. Butch, Emanuel, miner, b T. Rose, Redstone. Butcher, Alick, laborer, b J. W. Gribble, Water. Butcher, Bessie, domestic. Water. Buttner, Wm., painter, Redstone. " Ruble, wife. " Margaret S. Buzz, John, glass worker. Water. " Lizzie, w^ife. Mary. " Andrew. " Charley. " Annie. " Lizzie. Bvers, Wm., miner, b J. Chad wick. Water. Calderhead, Margaret, widow, b R. Giles, water. Calderhead, William, miner, b R. Giles, Water. Carlvsle, Wilson, painter, Cass. Mary A., wife. " Margaret, nurse. James. " Frank. Carmack, A. A., retired. Front. " Ruth, wife. Brownsville Beer At all Hotels^ Brownsville Directory 481 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. Groceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE ^ -V. Carmack, Graham. Lucv. Martha. Carpenter, Chas., laborer, Second. " Georgia, wife. Carsten, Frank, broker. Market. " Annie, wife. Helen. Frank. Carter, Charles C, clerk, Mon. House. Cathern, Wni., carpenter, Baltimore. . " Rosa, wife. Stella. Chadwick, Joseph, laborer. Water. " Eunice, wife. " Lena. Martha E. Chadwick, Joseph, miner. Market. " Francis, wife. Chalfant, M. R., drv goods merchant, Market. E.H., widow. " S. H., widow. L. F. A. H. Mary R., with W. M. Albright. Chalfant, John B., engineer electric light plant. Front. " Elizabeth A., housekeeper. " Florence E., chief operator Bell Tel. Co. " Myrtle M., telephone operator. " Lovd G., lineman, electric light companv. Chalfant, Josephine, domestic, M. S. Griffin, Market. Chatland, Mary A., Market. Cherry, Cummings, Freight train conductor, Front. Mary A., wife. . " Minerva. " Earl. Mary E. " Barbara L. n O o C/5 C/3 Qi 3 —I C/3 ""fA^^ BROWNSVILLE BEER. 482 " Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co, Prescription Specialists. 'O y I Cherry, Thomas S. ^ / " Joseph C. *5 y " Pauline O. (Q / " Mabel C. *O0 Chew, Newton, laborer. Front. ws r* " Hattie J., wife. Jn ,J3 " Claude. •is ^ ; " Lucy. *2 '^ j Chytracek, Anna, servant, W. C. Hormell, Front. 5 (d Claggett, Helen L., Front. (0 {^ " Martha. O fli Clark, George, storekeeper. Market. *~< J " Margaret, wife. CJ ^ i " George. " WiUie. Clark, Harry, R. R. engineer, b Joe Luft, Market. ^ML Claybaugh, Mary, widow, Girard House, Market. "^^ ] " Ira J., clerk. J^ " Elsie. ^^ " Jennie. " Clayton. Leslie M. Claybaugh, Haddin, clerk, Front. " K. A., widow. Clemmer, Mrs. V. L., widow. Market. " George B . , carpenter. Valley V. DoraM. " Lizzie W. AdeHaB: I Clemmer, Fannie, housekeeper. Church. " E. Louis, civil engineer, I " AdaC. Cline, Wm. L., painter. Market. " Mary A., wife. " Agnes A. Coats, Mary, Widow, with Jennie Hartranft, Market. Coldren, John, merchant, Market. Brownsville Beer tm m, Brownsville Directory 483 James H. Gray Groceries^ •TMAAA^W • •• -w- ^^ PROVISIONS and Bridgeport. i|| Water Street, PROVISIONS and PRODUCE "v r^ Coldren, Anna, wife, dressmaker. Jessie Samuel O. William. Cole, Nicholas, mine foreman. Church. " Sarah, wife. " Mary. Collier, James, plumber, Church. " Ellen, wife. Colvin, Eli, laborer, Church. " Nora, W' if e. " Herman E. " Mable F. " Adelia A. Conn, J. H., laborer, Market. " Mattie, w^ife. Conw^ell, Wm., bookkeeper, b'Mr. Stevenson, Neck. Copeland, Wm., motorman. Market. " Lilian, wife. Copeland, Wm., motorman coal mine. Market. Lillian, wife. Corati, Angelo, miner, Baltimore. " Celesta, wife. Flora. " Louie. " Marino. Corey, Maud, housekeeper. Market. M. Beatrice. Coulter, Chas., store manager, Front. " Mamie, wife. " Margaret " Caroline. Coulter, John H., hardw^are dealer, Church. " Mary E., wife. " Emma V. H., school. Cox, Peter, miner, Second. " Tilda, wife. Cox, Edward, w^atchman. Front. O n 7S O m o cr a> 3 •^ rv' Qi (t 3 a Q. s a. C/5 -** > O r" ;fi H 2 Q) m a; > (fi c/5 Brownsville Beer fp^ Family ^^^^^^^^^^^= Use 481 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Boolis and Stationery. Cox, Margaret, wife. " Nannie G., nurse. " George P. , surveyor. " Bruce M., plumber. " Anna L. " Grace A. Coyne, John, boss R. R., b Mrs. Annie Mechem, Cass. Crable, Nancy, widow (col.), Second. " Lem, laborer. " George, laborer. " Dan, laborer. Crable, Sarah, widow. Market. " Gertie, doinestic. " Laura, domestic. " Ellen. " Clara. " Audley " Louis. Crable, Georgia A., widow, Second. Crable, Sam (col.), laborer. Spring. " Maggie L., wife. " Albert F. " Paul. " Flora. " Russell. " ■ Lem. " Lillie. Crable, James (col.), laborer. Paradise Row. " Mary L., wife. Crayble, Maude, widow, with Mr. Howe, Market. Cullin, Frank, laborer. Front. MarvJ.,wife. " Chelli R. Frank E. " Gertrude. Elmer. " Lillian. Cunningham, Margaret, Church. Try^^ Brownsville Beer. Brownsville Directory 485 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Cunningham, Jas., R. R. fireman. Front. Delia, wife. " Agatha. " Margaret. " Catherine. Cunningham, Georgiana, Church. " Margerie. Cunningham, Jessie H., Church. Mary S. Cunningham, Samuel, glass worker, Baltimore. Mvrtle, wife. MaryC. Curlett, Wm., tinsmith. Market. Cushenbery, Caroline (col.), widow. Second. Chas., laborer. Cushenbery, Nevill (col.), cook, Front. ZoraE.,wife. " Madeline. " Edward. Arthur. Dalbey, H. M., grocer, Front. " Harriett, wife. " Elizabeth. Dalbey, W. E., clerk. Market. " Lillian v., wife. Dalbey, Fred, miner, with R. Giles, Water. Daugherty John (col.), laborer, Baltimore. " Lafayette. Davis, Joseph E., R. R. flagman. Market. " Adelia, wife. Chas. E. Mary E. " Agnes M. Davis, Wm. M., laborer. Market. Ella M., wife. " James F. Davis, Mariah, widow. Market. " Joseph, mate on river. O) < ct> (£3 CD CD CD Pd P3 CD Brownsville Beer £^ 486 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. The Up-To-Date Drug Store. •IN 2 ^ Davis, Joel, deck hand Davis, Guy, R. R. fireman, with Joe Luft, Market. Dearth, L. H., widow, Second. " Harry A., glass worker. " Lou, cashier. Bessie H. DeLanev, E. S., P. 0. clerk. Market. " ^ Ella, wife. " Catherine. Robert. Demain, George, steamboat engineer. Market. " Elizabeth, wife. Sue A. Denney, Conrad, miner, Baltimore. " Annie D., wife " Mary. Deviney, R., housekeeper, Market. Dillon, Wm., miner, Baltimore. " Bessie, wife. Donaldson, Thomas, laborer, Front. " Annie. John W. " James R. Thomas H. Dorn, Sarah, widow, with Jacob Schaffer, Market. Duer, Harriet, widow. Front. Duff, Andrew, miner. Walnut. " Mary J., wife. " Jennie. " WilHam P. " James. " John J. Dunn, Claude, river man, Redstone. " Mary, wife. " Margaret. Dunning, Joseph, lineman for R. R., Market. Elizabeth, wife. Durban, James, miner, Water. Ptipest Best fs'"^ BpouJDSuille Beer. Brownsville Directory 487 James H. Gray Water Street., Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRCDUCE Durban, Nannie, wife. Dusenberry, Olie, school-teacher, with W. D. Pratt, Baltimore. Dutton, Susan E., Market " George S., painter. " John T., tailor. Dutton, Mrs. J. R., widow, Market. Elizabeth. " Kate. Eaglen, Wni., miner, Redstone. Alice, wife. Edmiston, W. A., Cashier Mon. Nat. Bank, Market. Virginia, wife. Helen V. " Clarence B. Eicher, Joe, miner, Lynn. Lillian, wife. John W. Chas. R. AnnaM. Harry. Clarence. Catherine. Bub. Eisters, Peter, Tel. operator, b Ed. Mardorff , Front. Ada, wife. Elliott, Jose|;)h, contractor and builder, b Storey House. Ermire, John E., Supt. Mon. R. R., b Monongahela House. " Mary, wife. Ewart, Esther, domestic, C. P. Acklin. Falkner, S., laborer. Spring. Falsthoozi, Julia, domestic, Water. Fargo, Lizzie, domestic, Water. Fave, B., R. R. fiaginan, b Mr. Losh, Front. Fear, M . M . , widow , M arket . DoraL. " Hazel K., school. If! n X O m O C/) n n ft r— A — 1 O) e-t- :^ Qi m C" > O — 1 (/) (yj ^rintt IBrownsvillc fficer. 488 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists, ^^ Feister, Margaret, widow, Church. %^^ Feister, Mary, housekeeper. Church. (^^^^ Ferguson, J., housekeeper, Church. f^^ L., housekeeper. Field, MolHe, domestic, Mr. Carsten, Market. •o • Fink, EHzabeth, domestic, Mary A. Hogg, Front. e a • Fishburn, Martha M., school-teacher, b M. R. Jacobs, K^W^ Front. Wg Fisher, Wm. H., burgess. Church. Cleanii Repair " Anna, wife. Mary E. Florence B. William, Jr. •» Fisher, Mary, domestic, J. W. Gribble, Water. z Flander, Mike, miner, Redstone. " Mary, wife. < Flanty, John, laborer, Jeffries Row. " Susie, wife. T " WiUiam. Edward. 5 Florence, Nancy (col.), widow, Spring. " William H., laborer. " Harvey B., laborer. < Matilda, Forgarty, Daisy, housekeeper, E. Snyder, Redstone. Fox, Joseph, electrician, Redstone z Annie, wife. " Thomas. X o Fox, Thomas, miner, Stony Road. " Sarah, wife. " Asbury. Fox, John, miner, Stony Road. " George, school. r^^^n " William. 7(^*^ Lizzie. i^ML " Sarah. w^^ " Jean. l^kSl " EHza. TRY A Brownsville Rcer. CASE OF ^ ^ Br()\vn.s\illc I )irect()rv 489 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Frank, Joseph, miner, Baltimore. " Mary, wife. " Charlie. " Vedo. " Lizzie. Frank, Sebastian, miner. Water. " Barbriana, wife, " Ambrosia, blacksmith. " Baptiste. " Fannie. Mary. Franks, John, laborer. Market. " Mvrtle, wife. Wilbur H. Frederick, Jacob, with Wm. L. Lenhart, Front. Frediani, R., fruit dealer. Front. Marv, wife. Rosfe. " Peter. Frediani, Wm., Front. Julia. Frost, Charlotte, widow. Market. " EmmaL. " Matilda P. Frost, Alfred, bartender. Market. Mary E., wife. Fuller, Miss Martha, Church. Miss vSarah. Fulton, John O., clerk R. R., Market. " Mollie, wife. " _ Mildred. Fulton, Robert, R. R. master mechanic. Market. Gabler, E. M., widow, Redstone. Gabler, Frank, laborer. Second. " Eva M., wife. " Raymond. " Harold. Gabler, E. A., widow. Market. <5> n > p ^ P Brownsville Beer At all Hotels«^ 490 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Books and Stationery. h Gabler, John S., broker. " Ollie, wife. " . Elizabeth. " , Elsie. " Louise. " Maggie. " OHve. Gadd, Frank, M., blacksmith, Market. " Bessie, wife. Gadd, Stephens 1., blacksmith. Church. " Mary. " Stephen W., blacksmith. " Caroline, Gallaway, C. A., bookkeeper, with Mrs. Shoemaker. Garletts, C. C, grocer, Market. Gertrude, wife. Nannie C. Garred, Geo. P., engineer, Front. " Ada C, wife. " Albert P., school. " Bernard L. Garred, Wm. J., Train Crier, Union Station, Front. Ada P., wife. Garred, Albert, steamboat engineer, b Fannie Clemmer, Church. Gibeons, Sam, S. B. engineer, b K. Shupe, Market. Giles, Richard, checkweighman, Water. " Jennie, wife. " Willie. " Agnes. " Margaret. Gladstone, Wm., miner, b J. Chadwick, Water, Goe, Josiah W., laborer. Paradise Row\ " Alwilda, wife. " Josiah W., Jr., miner. " James E., miner. " Frank N., miner. Gofanna, Chas., R.R.engineer, b J. W. Gribble, Water. CALL FOR.. Brownsville Beer Brownsville Directory -191 James H. Gray Water Street., Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Gofanna, Richard, laborer, b J. W. Gribble, Water. Golden, Wm., stable boss of.brewery, Second. Mary, wife. Goss, C, passenger conductor Mon. R. R., Market. " Minnie, wife. " Mary K. " S. Margaret. " Minnie A. Gracick, John, miner. Water. " Victoria, wife. " Andrew. Marv. Steve, (xracick, Leadniore, miner, b John Gracick. Gracick, Tony, miner, b John Gracick. Grafinger, Elizabeth, widow. Front. " Phillip, glass worker. " Evert C, college student. " Blanche L., school. Grafinger, Joseph, clerk, b J. H. Coulter, Church, " Florence L., wife. " Earnest C. Graham, S. S., President Second Nat. Bank, Market. K. T.,wife. Miss A. J. " MissM. B. Adam T. S. S. ,Jr. Graham, H. D., dentist, with Mrs. Shoemaker, Market, Graham, Wm., retired. Second. MissS. B. Grantz, Jacob, miner, Redstone. Ida, wife. " Herman. Madge. Jacob. Graves, Marv, widow, Second. " AdaL. o ^ n ?0 o m o C/5 CO o Qi (t 3 Qi o. a o. C/3 -^ >► 1— « ■H (t r+ ^ a m o* > rt -H • C/3 Brownsville Beer*^ marf MADE 492 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug: Co. The Up-To-Date Drug Store. z ^ < y zo =:z C E < o Graves, Frank. Gray, Margaret, domestic, A. M. R. Jacobs, Front. Gray, Sarah, widow, Market. Greaves, Thomas, miner, Church. " EHzabeth, wife. WilHam. Martha. Nora. EtheL Gregg, Chas. W., store manager. Church. " Jennie, wife. " Harrv C, schooh " EllaB. " R. Aubrey, schooL FHnt. " Marie C. " Jean. Greene, Robert B., laborer. Water. " Susan, wife. Green, Elizabeth, housekeeper, Church. Green, Wm. S., grocer, Water. " Sarah A., wife. " Allison B., clerk. Greto, Bambeno, widow, Market. Gribble, J. Will, Prop. Albion Hotel, Water. Ada v., wife. Chas. G., clerk. Ina J. " Allison, school. Griffin, Shelbv, government storekeeper. Market. " M.S., wife. " Adelaide. Griffin, Willard A., store manager. Front. " Sarah, wife. Griffiths, John S., Supt. People's Coal Co., Church. " Jennie, wife. Gue, James, stone mason, b Wm. Hudson, Lynn. Gue, Sarah, domestic, Chas. Thomas, Market. BROWNSVILLE BEER. FOR FAMILY USE. Brownsville Directory 493 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Gusky, Kate, clerk, b Rosa Polets, Neck. Hagen, Jennie, domestic, James Long, Market. Hall, Joseph Jr., Baker, Lynn. " Susan, wife. " MavV. " Annie E. " Chas. V. Hall, Joseph, Sr., retired, Lvnn. " Eliza. Hall, Daniel, rmi steam shovel, b Frank Long, Red- stone. Hardwick, Thomas, miner, Water. " E. Sylvia, wife " W. Earl, iceman. Harry O. Harrison, Thomas, S. B. engineer, Church. " Annie P., wife. " Russell D., school. " Elizabeth y., school. EffieM., school. Grace F. Wm. H. " Margaret I. Harris, Steve, miner, Baltimore. " Kate, wife. " Steve, Jr. " Katie. Hartranft, Jennie, widow, Market. Hatfield, James, clerk. Market. " Lena, wife. " Frederick, clerk. Eli, school. Haught, Anna, domestic, Mrs. E. Kaiser, Neck. Hawkins, F. S., civil engineer, b Storey House. Hawkins, Delia, telephone operator, b Mrs. Pastorus, Market. Hawkins, Chas., waiter at Albion Hotel. Heenan, S. P., grocer, Market. ffi •-1 c:^ ^ r-t t-5 cn ^ Brownsville Beer 494 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. PRESCRIPTION SPEX:iALISTS. c^ Hendrickson, Geo., S. B. captain, b Bruce Madera, Front. Hertzog, Sadie, domestic, John O. Fulton, Market Hertzog, Thomas H., R. R. conductor, Second. RavB.,wife. Beulah. Hess, Martin, druggist, b Joe Stivenson, Neck Hibbs, B. F., coal merchant, Church. " Anna B., wife. " Delia B. " Margaret S. " Genevieve C. " Sylva C. " Benjamin K. " Millie E. Hicks, Wilson, river man, Market. " Annie, wife. " Mamie. " Howard. Etta. " Hazel. " Stanlev. " Wilson. Margaret. Hicks, William, miner, Cass. " Lizzie, wife. Hicy, Sophia, domestic, Pearl Strawn. Market. Hill, James, school, b C. H. Chalfant, Market Hogg, Sara, housekeeper. Front. " Mary A., housekeeper. Holmes, Ed, miner. New. " Flora, wife. Honesty, Eliza (col.), domestic, A. M. Jacobs, Market. Hooper, John, miner, b P. Cox, Market. Horkie, Steve, miner. Water. " Julia, wife. " Steve, Jr., school. " Wilma, school. Z < -J < Z E O 5rownsville Rccr IS P0R6. Brownsville Directory 495 James H. Gray Water Street*, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Horkie, Annie, school. John. Rosy. " Mary. Hormell, C. P., civil engineer, b Storey House. Hormell, H. G., clothier, Market. " Katheryne C, wife. Hormell, Walter C., shoe merchant, Front. Lizzie E., wife. '' Sara E., school. " Graham P., school. Hornbake, Emma, widow, b Wm. Golden, Second. Hoshe, Steve, miner, Water. Honore, wife. Hough, Mary, housekeeper. Front. Howe, Chas. E., boss mine driver. Market. MarvE.,wife. " Lulu. " Ella. " Coulter. Howell, Geo., miner, Water. Rosa, wife. " Rosa. " George. Hudson, Wm., miner, Lynn. " Susan. Hughes, W. E., painter. Market. Ruth E., wife. Mary. Hunt, Wm., paper hanger. Paradise Row. '' Carrie, wife. " Everet, school. " MaryH. Huston, J. A., dentist, Market. Elizabeth, wife. " Holmes. McCreadv. Smith. a n SO o m o C/5 o n (V Qi (/> 3 a CU 3 Q. C/3 <- >► n r~ a ■H ro r+ ^ Qi m 2 > (/) C/5 PUREST and BEST is . . . ffirownsvilk Ifficcn 496 Brownsville Director)' J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Books and Stationery. TJ • Hvatt, Chas. A., laborer, Front. , MollieT.,wife. " Walter E. (D . " Hazel E. " Catherine. m m Inghram, Geo., clerk, Mon. R. R., Market. " Lenora, wife. c c Ruth. — " Annie. c L. Tnghrani, Geo. W., laborer, Walnut. "(0 Daisy, wife. ID " Pearl I., school. Q) Q " Grace v., school. Ida May. ^^ Minnie J. ff Incrram, Walter, teamster, Church. ■MB Belle, wife. " George W., school. ■^ Irnosky, Mike, laborer, b Steve Hoke. c Irwin, Elizabeth P., domestic, Mr. Oberlander, Pront. (0 Jackson, Andrew (col.), miner. Spring. " Susan, wife. f" Jacobs, A. M. R., clerk, Pront. >■ " Bessie L., wife. k. " Elizabeth B. ^J Jacobs, M. R., trvistee Jacobs estate, Pront. i^^ " Virginia E., wife. < " Ann S., school. Jacobs, Mrs. Ann, widow. Market. Jacobs, Adam, S. B. captain. Market. Bell S., wife. £ " Cathryn G. " Edward S.S. £ Jacobs, Mrs. Sarah, widow. Market. Mary. o Jefferies, Clara, housekeeper, Pront. " Bella C, housekeeper. "^ Jeffery, Lida H., telephone operator, widow. Neck. ^S Brownsville Beer Brownsville Directory •197 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. Groceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE V Tr. Jennings, Jacob, glass worker, Water. Dora, wife. " Glenn. " Claud, R. R. brakeman. " Malinda, school. " Earl, school. " Harry. Johnston, Thomas B., school-teacher, b Howard John- ston, Front. Johnston, Mary J., school-teacher, b H. Byers. Johnston, Robert, street com., widower. Front. Johnston, Howard B., news dealer, Front. " Amanda, wife. Howard B., Jr. EdnaL. Johnston, Henry, Prop. Alexander Hotel. Georgia, wife. Alex. " Anna. " . Andrew, father. Johnston, C. G., merchant, Market. Louise, wife. Johnston, Andy, miner, Redstone. " Mary, wife. " Annie. " George. Andy, Jr. " Lizzie. Mary. Johnston, Henry (col.), barber. Market. " Matilda, wife. " Lincoln. Jones, Lizzie, Housekeeper, Second. " Joseph. " David. " Thomas. Jones, Margaret G., clerk. Church. " Lerov B. C^ y ^ Hi L» ' ■>* ^^ r^' P «o 3 ?ij O- ;s ^ C/2 ^ p ^^ ft ^ s TRY A CASE OF ^ Brownsville Beer ^ 498 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug: Co The Up-To-Date Drug Store. ~ ce, < Jones, Lizzie E., b Mr. Griffith, Market. Jones, James, miner. Spring. " Martha, wife. Kaiser, Catherine, widow. Neck. Kallen, Hilda, domestic, Adam Jacobs, Market. Kantner, Paul, R. R. clerk. Front. " Mae, wife. Rexford. Kelley, Michael, miner, b G. Giles, Water. " Irene. Kelley, Francis M., domestic, Harry Kisinger, Market. Kennedy, Chas., plumber, b Girard Hotel. Kennedy, Stanley, Market. Kensel, Cal, miner, b Mrs. Meese, Redstone. Kensel. Isaac, miner, b Mrs. Meese, Redstone. Kerr, B. M., widow, b Mrs. A. B. Leadwith, Market. Kinney, John, carpenter, b Mrs. Annie B. Mechem, Cass. Kisinger, John W., plumber. Market. " Margaret, wife. Alice. " Ann, school-teacher. " Jane, school-teacher. " Bessie E. Margaret L. Kisinger, Harrv, livervman, Market. OUie.' Knox, Harriet, housekeeper. Front. Kolinsky, Agusta, miner, b John Gracick, Water. Kolinsky, Steve, miner, b John Gracick, Water. Koon, James, miner. Market. " Maggie, wife. Russell. Flora. " Georgie. " Grace. " Frank. Kreeps, Ada 0., housekeeper, Market. H -J < z E O ^BROWNSVILLE BEER ^ AT ALL HOTELS* Brownsville Directory 499 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. Groceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE "V- -^ Kreeps, John, clerk. Labin, Alex., policeman, Paradise Row. " Jeannette, wife. " John, glass worker. " Robert, R. R. brakeman. " Mary, school. " Mathew. " Alex, Jr. Thomas S. " James. George P. Lancaster, Leona, widow, b I. Wheeler, Paradise Row. Charles H. MaryE. Lash, Lorenza, tinner, Front. " Martha, wife. " Ellen F. " Margaret. " Willard G. " Chas. Lawrence. Laughlin, iVnnie, domestic, with Ca])t. Lsaac Beazell, Church. Leaman, Maria J., chambermaid, S. E. Taylor, Front. Ledwith, Mary M,. housekeeper, Front. Ledwith, Mrs. A. B., widow. Market. " Wm. L., school. Margaret A. MaryM. " Andrew B.. Jr. Leighty, John, baker,. b Chas. W. Tunstall, Second. Lenhart, Wm. L., Mfr. of crackers, Front. " Ann y., wife. SaraMcD. " Georgia. Ann J. " Wm.'Chatland. John J. Lenhart, George W., insurance agent, Church. C5 -T1 n 70 O m n C/5 CD n o Oi (ft 3 a Q. 3 a. C/5 <• ^ fl f— Cfi -H a> f-f ^ Oi m > (/) C/5 Call for Brownsville Beer 500 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. Q ' Z < z z z q: < < 111 Q. J y [L Lenhart, Sarah E., wife. Lewellyn, C. Gregg, principal Brownsville schools, b Storey House. Lillard, John, barber, b Johnston's, Market. Logan, Marcus, invalid, b John Mitchell, Arch. Long, Mary E., widow. Front. " John W., miner. Long, James, coal dealer Market. '• Mary E. " Chas. V. " William. " Sarah. Long, Frank, teamster, Redstone. " Marv, wife. " Fred. Long, William, b B. F. Bowman, Market. " Elvy, plumber. " Harvey, laborer. Loshevic, Mary, domestic, Front. Lowe, Rasean, widow, Redstone. " Frank, bartender, Water. Lowstetter, Daniel, butcher. Water. Annie M., wife. " Jacob, mine foreman. Luder, Ludwig, miner. Church. '' Mary, wife. " Elizabeth, school. Matilda. " Amanda. " Felix. " George. Mary. Luft, Andrew, shoemaker, Market. Margaret A., wife. " Harry C, laborer. " Thomas A. , miner. " David. " Catherine. C E < c o ^ Brownsville Beer ^ IS UNION MADE. Brownsville Directory 501 James H.Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Luft, Josei)h, miner, Market. " Maud, wife. " Margaret M. Lynch, J. F., grocer. Market. " Sarah, wife. Lynn, Frank, section boss R. R., Church. " AHce,wife. " Mabel C. " Albert E. Madera, Henry, stone mason, Market. Ella.' Madera, Bruce, harness maker. Front. Edith, wife. Mary E. Helen L. Bruce H., Jr. Makepeace, Robert, miner, Chvirch. Maranda, Joe, miner, Baltimore. " Consetta, wife. " Winchester. Mardorff, Edw. M., plumber. Front. HattieB., wife. " Paul H., school. " Mary A., school. Marshall, Robert, junk dealer. Baltimore. " Maggie, wife. " Katie, school. " Celia, school. Massey, Elsie E., clerk, b Thomas Storer, Front. Mash, Dominick, foreman R. R., Market. Mason, James H., R. R. conductor. Church. " Anna H., wife. " Lelia. " Margaret. " Ellen. " Robert C. " Albert. Mason, Kate, hottsekeeper. Market. C^ r^ c^- P Cl^ ^ p grownsville ^zzr [o^ iP^mw^ 502 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Boolts and Stationery, ~ Q£ |SS«^'^ Mason, Clara, stenographer, Market. Mason, Mary L., clerk, Church. " L. M., housekeeper. Maucheck, Joe, miner, Baltimore. " Jennie, wife. " Mary, school. " Maggie, school. " Helen, school. Clemeth. McAleese, Patrick, laborer. Second. " Bridget, wife. " Kate, tailoress. " Annie, school. " James. " Clara. McBurney, Ann, widow, b Ann Jacobs, Market. McCauley, Virginia, servant, O. K. Taylor, Front. McCollough, Charlotte B., school, Cass. McCormick, W. B., agent. Front. " Eliza J., wife. " William J., school. McCormick, Mike, R. R. engineer, Albion Hotel. McCoy, Chas. V., laborer, Market. " Emma C, wife. " Nora R. " Glen J. " Chas. Lawrence. McCracken, Margaret, grocer, Market. McCune, Mary J., widow. Front. " William H . , laborer. McDonough, John I., laborer. Front. '' Jane, wife. " Isaac v., teamster. Kate C. " Richard, laborer. John L. McFarland, Ben, clerk at Monongahela House. McGinty, S. Florence, school-teacher. Front. ti 'BvoAMxvsmVVe Tieev Brownsville Directory 503 James H. Gray Water Street*, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE McKnight, Jane, housekeeper, Redstone. McKnight. Hallie, domestic, W. S. Green, Water. McMillin, Chas., restaurant. Neck. " Martha v., wife. " Cora, school. " Katie, school. Mechem, Mrs. Mary F., Baltimore. " Blanche E., school. John T. Frank. Helen V. Mechem, Annie B., widow, Cass. Mechem, Mary, widow, Church. Mechem, George W., bricklayer, Baltimore. Mary R., wife. " A. Kate, school-teacher. " Ollie J., laborer. Medley , AVm . , minister M . E . church , Church . " Emily, wife. " William, clerk. " Emma A. Edith M. Meese, Nancy, domestic, Front. Meese, Thomas, laborer. Second. " Rachael, wife. " Isaac T. " Rebecca. " Louis. " Margaret. " John. " Charles. Meese, Annie, widow, Redstone. Tressa. " Frank. " Lottie. " Carroll. Mega, Andrew, banker, b Monongahela House. Melchahna, Dominick, miner. Front. n ?0 O m n C/5 ro n O a (f> 3 a a. s a C/5 ■< > n r— (O ■H 2 Qi m O" > (V H (/) C/5 Brownsville Beer is Bure. 504 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug: Co The Up-To-Date Drug Store. C (0 E < c o • z < z z z q: < < 111 Q. J u q: Melchahna, Rosie, wife. Mary. John. Ralph. " Mary. " Losie. Menefee, Vinia, servant, S. E. Taylor, Front. Miller, Sarah J., widow, b Mrs. Philips, Church, Miller, Fred, lather. Water, b Albion Hotel. " James, lather, Water, b Albion Hotel. " Charles, lather. Water, b Albion Hotel. Milliken, Walter B., pilot. Front. " Mary, wife. " Sara. Mills, Henry F., carpenter. Market. " Susan E., wife. Mills, Harry, bookkeeper, National Deposit Bank, b Alexander Hotel. Minehart, Larry, laborer, Redstone. Minehart, Harry, painter, Redstone. Mishel, John, Miner, b John Garick, Water. Mishel, John, miner, b John Grasick, Water. Mitchell, Frank, fireman, Redstone. Mary M., wife. William L. M. Julius. Mitchell, Chas., carpenter, r Mrs. Corey, Market. Mitchell, John, miner, Arch. " Gertrude, wife. " John P., miner. " Charles, miner. " Edwin, fireman. Monsour, Nicholos, merchant, Front. " Eva, wife. " Josephine. Morgan, Wm. (col.), miner. Market. Mary, wife. " Indiano. Purest and Best is . . . RROWNSVILLE BEER. Brownsville Directory Mo James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Moor, Orion, carpenter, Water. Ella A., wife. " Minona. " Hazel. Moore, Pinkey (col.), teamster. Front. " Bessie, wife. Moorhead, Geo. S., jeweler. Front. " Maggie E., wife. Moorhouse, Wm., butcher. Front. " Anna R., wife. " J. Nelson, school. " Edward C, school. Annie S. Morrison, John, watchman on R. R., b Frank^Lynn, Church. Morrison, James I., employee Water Co., Market. " Nellie, wife. Movers, Alvin J., carpenter, Market. " Kate, wife. Goldie. Roval S. Kari, A. J. Mular, George, meat market. Front. " Lizzie, wife. " George, ]v. John. Steve. " Margaret. Mundorf, Lovetta, b Mrs. A. E. Sheets, Church. Murphv, Allie, plasterer, b Albion Hotel. Neal, Alex (col.), minister, Baptist, b W. M. Dillon, Baltimore. Nifert, John, hostler, Market. " Anna, wife. " Clair. Oberlander, Ervin J., draughtsman, Market. " Florence, wife. " Coreda. o ^ rD en 3 p a- ^ ^ -< P rD QTQ ro CO 2 rD p 2L!iiiiBrownsville Beer. 506 Brownsville Directory J, D. Armstrong Drug Co, Prescription Specialists. c^ O'Neal, Frank, b AV. M. Albright, Market. " Lydia. Orris, Michael, miner, Lynn. " Viona, wife. Orris, John, miner, Lynn. " Joe. " Steve. " Mary. Orris, Andy, miner, b Mike Tatko, Baltimore. Orsina, Felix, laborer, b F. Rose, Redstone. Palmer, Wm. (col.), laborer, Second. " Lizzie, wife. Ethel. " Catherine. " Annarie. Wilbur. Parkin, Ferdinand, miner, Redstone. " Ruth, wife. " William T. " Ferdinand J., Jr. " Walter C. " Elmer G. " Bennett A. Edith M. " Raymond A. " Wilbur B. " Ruth. Parson, Niles W., foreman Keller & Crosin, Front. " Ida L., wife. Edith M. Pasgate, Robert, miner. Church. Nora M., wife. Pastorius, Eliza, Water. Adda. Pastorius. Frank, blacksmith, Albany Road. " Maggie-, wife. Frank. Pearl, TRY A case: OF" ^ BrownevtUc Beer ^ Brownsville Directory 507 James H. Gray Water Street*, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Pastorius, Mar}^ E. Ellen. Patchen, Paul, engineer, b Albion Hotel. Patterson, Alvin C, chief of police. Grog Lane. " Almeda P., wife. Howard R. Almeda F. Patton, Mrs. C. E., widow, Church. Patton, Helen, widow. Neck. " Duncan, school. Pellegrino, Jennie, clerk, b R. Frediana, Front. Phillips, Mrs. Anna C, music teacher, Church. Percival, War Cor. London Times. " J. C, bank teller. Phillips, D. R., music dealer. Neck. Phillips, John, music dealer. Neck. Piattelli, George, miner, Baltimore. " Clara, wife. Pogue, Chas., undertaker. Market. " Bertha, wife. Marie. Isabel. Poletz, Rosa, fruit dealer and banker. Neck. " Mary, wife, " Lucretia. " Frank. " Thomas, clerk. Pomroy, Thonaas, teamster, Redstone. Pomroy, Martha, widow, Redstone. " Lavera. " Margaret. Martha. Pomroy, John, teamster, Redstone. " Ruth, wife. Porter, Geo. N., watchman, Cass. " Sarah J., wife. " Chas. B., clerk. " JeanD. C5 ^1 n 70 O m o C/5 ro Oi (r 3 a O. 5. C/5 > r" H 2 a m > — 1 (f> C/) Til Brownsville Beer. 17 508 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. 1 Porter, Alice L. " Sarah L. Poundstone, Mary, widow, Water. Power, James B., grocer, Front. " Emma McC, wife. ! " Elsie McC. Pratt, H. M., carpenter, Baltimore. Mary E., wife. Pratt, Wm. D., photographer, Baltimore. Rebecca, wife. Puncert, Leon, miner, Water. Antionet, wife. Purcell, Elizabeth, housekeeper. Church. Pyksia, Lizzie, Redstone. : Quinn, Lucy, nurse, Front. Ramage, Moses, miner, Walnut. Sarah, wife. " Dester, school. Rambo, Wm. E., Rector Christ Church, Church St. I " Mary G., widow. Mary L. Reagan, Michael, tipple boss, Redstone. " Elmira, wife. Reichard, Dr. C. C, Front. " Mary L., wife. " Mary K., school. " Lewis, doctor. Richardson, Jacob (col.), miner, Front. - Belle, wife. Richie, L. C, merchant, Front. " Carl W., merchant. " William, bartender. " Helen, school. Richie, G. Lena, housekeeper, Market. Robinson, Owen (col.), miner. Second. " Lillie, wife. Robinson, H. W., druggist, Market. I " Anna L., wife. Brownsville Beerpl! Pure Brownsville Directory 509 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Robinson, J. A., grocery store, Market. " Jessie M., school-teacher. Lulu v., clerk. Nellie, clerk. Roher, Chas. E., bartender, Church. " Annie B., wife. " Nellie. " Wallace. Rose, Samuel, fruit dealer, Market. " Charles, Jr. Roseo, Frank, miner, Redstone. Georgiana, wife. Frank, miner. Ross, J. T., furniture and undertaking, Market. " Martha, wife. " Homer, bookkeeper. " Fannie, school. " Hazel, school. Roxby, John, electrician, Church. Lyda, wife. Ronal. " Earl. " Eugene. Ethel. Rush, J. S., proprietor Monongahela House. " Margaret E., wife. Russ, Geo., laborer. Front. Sabitano, Talleo, laborer, b Frank Roseo, Redstone. Salliman, John, R. R. conductor, b Mrs. Cora Smalley Market. Sanforth, J. G., undertaking and furniture, Market. " Lavenia, wife. Sapsey, Steve, laborer. Front. " Annie, wife. " James. Sarver, Wm., glass worker. Front. Mollie, wife. " Henry, retired. O n 70 o m o C/) n Qi ij> 3 a CL a. C/5 ■< > n> r— (£l -H fV p+ ^ O) m 2 > C/5 (/5 Purest and Brownsville Beer Best IS • • • 510 Brownsville Director}' J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Books and Stationery. < o o z t-H < < z o Sature, Joe, miner, Stony Road. " Lucv, wife. " Mary. " Dellis. Sawyer, Jacob, retired. Market. Mary, wife. Schneider, F. W. L., supervisor P. V. & C, Front. Addie, wife. " Mary A., school. Adelaide C. " Joseph C. Seekers, Andy, miner. Spring. " Lizzie, wife. Marv. Willie. Andy, Jr. Seddon, Wm., contractor. Spring. " Anna, wife, " Percy, bookkeeper. Sellers, Henry, carpenter, b Annie B. Mechem, Cass. Shaffer, Jacob, R. R. conductor, Market. Katie A., wife. Helen B. James M. Ruth. Sharatt, Thomas, miner. Water. MollieD.,wife. Kate M. Bertha A. Willie G. Ruth L. Lillie E. Shaw, E. G., school-teacher, Front. " Mary B. " John N. " Annie. " Helen R. Shawn, Ed., jeweler, b Alexander House. £!M Brownsville Beer. Brownsville Directory 511 James H. Gray Water Street*, Bridgeport.. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Shearer, H. B., foreman, Front. Irene, wife. " George D. Sheets, Margaret, widow, Market. " Elizabeth, tailoress. Sheets, Ida, with K. J. Shupe, Market. Sheets, Miss Anna, housekeeper. Church. Shelton, Minnie, domestic, Mr. Hudson, Lvnn. Carl. Sherriden, Martin, R. R. foreman, b Frank Long, Red- stone. Shingle, Mr., freight Ijrakeman, b Elizabeth Grafinger Front. Shipley, C. A., foreman work train. Market. " Katie, wife. Shoemaker, Martha, widow. Market. Mary Martha, music teacher. Shookler, Manervia, clerk. Front. Shrout, G. W., R. R. conductor, Redstone. " Birdie, wife. Shupe, K. J., merchant. Market. Melia,wife. Harry L., brick maker. Simmons, Eliza, maiden, with Mr. Mechem, Church. Carrie, maiden, with Mr. Mechem, Church. Simpson, John, carpenter, b Frank Long, Redstone. Sinclair, Dvmcan, plumber. Market. " Louie, wife. " Duncan, Jr. Slicker, J. A., glass worker, Baltimore. Louise, wife. Haddie. " Dott. Sloan, Chas., miner. Water. Smallev, Cora, housekeeper, Market. " ' Ruth. Lillian. Smith, Margaret W., widow, Baltimore. ro PI =C Qi 3 Q. ■H C/5 Try a Case of "O ,t< ID = DrownsviUe E) eer* 512 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong: Dru^ Co. The Up-To-Date Drug Store. Smith, Elgie, b Mike Reagan, Redstone. Smith, Jeannette, widow, Front. Melrose " John. " Maggie. Essa. Smith, C. H., carpenter. Market. " Blanche H., wife. Smith, S. M., miner, Cass. " Elizabeth, wife. " JohnM. " Margaret W. " Alice R. Smith, Lucy, servant, M. R. Jacobs, Front. Smock, Adam, glass worker, b Ed. Snowdon, Stony Road. Smothers, Chas. (col.), laborer, Second. Mary J., wife. Smothers, Wm. (col.), laborer. Spring. " Casey E., wife. " Lyman, laborer. Willie, Jr. Marv R. Ada'. Snider, Bert, laborer, Redstone. Elmer, school. Snider, James H., laborer. Church. Snider, Elijah, laborer, Redstone. " Phoebe, wife. •Snowdon, Mrs. Edward, widow. Stony Road. " Esther, telephone operator. Bertha. Snowdon, Ross, car inspector. " Lillie, wife. Snowdon, J. Nelson, retired. Market. " Eliza, wife. Margaret L. " J. Howard, real estate dealer. Brownsville Beer ^Ut. Hotels^ Brownsville Directory 513 James H. Gray Water Street. Bridgeport. Groceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE "V- r^ [arket. Snowdon, C. L., Pres. Mon. Nat. Bank, Market. " Eilizabeth, wife. Lida H. George H. " Carol vn. Felix B. Chas. N. Mary E. Sobolosk, Antonio, miner, Water. Sparling, Ida, with Jacob Shaffer, Spielman, Elizabeth, Church. Spiker, Isaac, sta. engineer, Front. Elnia, wife. " Clvde J. " Anna P. Elmer C. " Emerson. Earl. Sprule, Margaret, school-teacher, b T. Hertzog, Second' Stea, Katie, widow, Spring. " John, school. Steele, Geo. C, tax collector, Market. " Ella, wife. Steele, Geo., mining engineer, b Jas. Collier, Church. Steele, William C, postmaster, Church. Mary A., wife. " Helen J., school. " Lawrence, school. Stevens, John, operator, b Ed. Snowdon, Stony Road. Stivenson, Joe, cooper, Neck. " Kizzia. wife. " Bessie, school. " Martha, school. Storer, Thomas, carpenter. Front. " Keziah, wife. " Wm. C. R. R. timekeeper. Ellen D., clerk. " Shelby G., bricklayer. O O n C/5 < Qi 70 rn C/5 C/5 c/5 ^^^. BROWNSVILLE BEER, 514 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. ^3 y ' Storey, Chas. H., manager Storey House. ^ ^ " Elizabeth, wife. ^ y Storey, Matthew, proprietor Storey House. Q / I " Julia, wife. ^ I " Blanche. *QQ JJ I " Matthew, Jr. C»^ Storey, John H., stone mason, Market. ^ Elizabeth H., wife. Sarah K. Mary R. CO Ci ' Strawn, Pearl, contractor, Market. Ella, wife. " Caroline, school. " Katherine. " James. " Francis. Street, Priscilla, widow, b A. Underwood, Walnut. " Aquilla. " John, School. Swan, Fred, miner, Water. " Minnie, wife. " Katie. Martha. " Haddie. Sylvia. Swearer, A. M., merchant, Market. Emma, clerk. " Sadie. Swearer, Peter, carpet weaver, Church. Nettie, wife. Swearer, Pauline, widow, Redstone. Tatka, Michael, miner, Baltimore. Marv, wife. Tavlor, Oliver K., vice pres. Nat. Dept. Bank, Front. Tavlor, Mrs. J. H., housekeeper, Church. Hettie P. " Emily F., organist. Taylor, Sarah, b C. E. Patton, Church. Brownsville Beer if, Union Made Brownsville Directory r)15 James H. Gray Groceries^ „r ^ „ , •' PROVISIONS and Water Street, Bridgeport. PRODUCE v v» Taylor, Samuel E., cashier Nat. Deposit Bank, Front. " Ella, wife. Howard P., college student. " Allen K., school. " Oliver M., school. Thomas, Frank, sta. engineer. Market. Mahala, wife. Sadie. Grace. Thomas, Martha S., widow, b Frank Thomas. Thomas, John K., sta. engineer, Market. Alice, wife. Stanley E. Thomas, David, laborer, Lynn. Eliza, wife. William B. " Samuel. " George. Nancv. Thomas, Jessie, Lvnn. Bessie, wife. " Miss Amanda. Thomas, Charles, laborer, Market. Lucy, wife. " Arthur, school. Alice. Thomas, Elizabeth, widow, b Geo. Cox, Front. Thompson, George M., teamster. Market. " Annie, wife. " Arzilla. Todd, Margaret A., widow, Front. Lucy, milliner. " Cora, milliner. " Ewing B., bank clerk. Toy, John, R. R. brakeman, b G. W. Shrout, Redstone. Trebisak, Michael, blacksmith, Redstone. Mary, wife. " William. in ft C/) ?0 m = Qi 3 O. > m Brownsville Beer fpr Family ^^^^^^^^^^^= Use 516 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Boolis and Stationery. Trebisak, Katherine. Trembulvk, Marv, b Andy Johnston, Redstone. Troth, O". J., tailor, Market. " EHzabeth, wife. " George J., tailor. " Albert D., bookkeeper. " William H., clerk. Tunstall, Charles W., baker, Second. " Kate, wife. " Ensign. " Marion. Undermart, Ernest, upholsterer, b Storey House. Underwood, Aquila, pit boss. Walnut. " Anna, wife. Vandergrift, Wni., stationary engineer, b Isaac Spiker, Front. Viskers, George, miner. Coal Hill Road. " Ellen, wife. " Arthur. " George. John. Nellie. " Joseph. Eliza. " Emma. Vliet, Viola, domestic, William Bell, Market. Waggoner, Margaret, widow. Market. Wah, Lee, laundrvman, Market. Walker, Louis, Bank clerk, b Alexander Hotel. Walker, John, miner, h A. Underwood, Paradise Row. Wardman, Jones, miner, b S. Bennett, Redstone. " Carrie, wife. Wargo, John, miner, b Mike Talko, Paradise Row. Watson, C. J., miner, Baltimore. " Sarah, wife. . " Wesley G. Hobert. Try^^ Brownsville Beer. Hrownsville Directorv James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Watson, James, checkweighman, Church. " Ella, housekeeper. " Hannah, housekeeper. Watson, Foster, superintendent mine, Church. " Elizabeth, wife. Marie. Helen. " Margaret. Weaver, R. W., Adams Express agt., b Storey House. Weller, Albert S., electrical engineer. Front. Flo M., wife. West, F. D., M'g'r cooper shop. Church. " Priscilla, wife. " Roliert, manager cooper shop. Wetzel, Lou, miner, Lynn. " Annie, wife. Claud K. Winnie D. Robert H. " Dorice E. Wheeler, Isaac, miner, Paradise Row. " Martha, w^ife. Whetsel, Blanche, domestic, W. B. McCormick, Front. Whetzel, Mary, widow, Second. " Elmer M., miner. " William C, miner. Whetzel, Nelson G., miner, Church. " Harriett, wife. " Levada, tailoress. Mary, clerk. " Ada, school. John. " Nelson, Jr. Bella. Whetzel, Delmer, laborer, Redstone. " Mariah, wife. John H. Edna. C3 o -s -^ o CD CD C/J -i 3" CD ^ 3 SU a. s Ol CO ^ < CD i-H CD s fa CD »3 (/> Brownsville Beer ^'^^^^^- 518 Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstroi\g Drug Co. The Up'TO'Date Drug Store, n3 y y •OS •opC u c •P4 a a a (U o O ai o Whetzel, Robert. " Leoda. White, D. J., foreman construction, b E. Grafinger, Front. " Oney, wife. White, John H., coal hauler, Second. " Sarenia, wife. Maud E. Whiteyet, Joseph, miner, b Andy Johnston, Redstone. Wilkenson, Miss M. E., housekeeper. Church. " Frank V., gent. Williams, Steve, miner, Baltimore. " Berdie, wife. " Emmett D. " Victoria. Williams, Wilham, b R. Giles, Water. Williams, Haddie, widow. Water. William P., glass worker. " James G., miner. Robert L. Russell T. Williams, Joseph, laborer. Front. " Ellen, wife. D. Jennie. " Catherine. Willons, Mamie, school. Water. Kittie. Wilson, Edward, tobie roller, Redstone. " C. Viola, wife. Wise, B., merchant, Front. " Kate, wife. " Annie. " Ethel. " Herman. Woodockic, Stanley, miner, b John Gracick, W^ater. Worth, Elmer, R. "R. clerk, b L. H. Richey, Market. W^right, Frank, miner, Redstone. " Maggie, wife. Besns"' BpoWDSuille Beep. Brownsville Directory niii James H. Gray Water Street*, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRCDUCE Wright, Leon. Wvlie, George, miner, Front. Priscilla, wife. " Isabella. " Margaret A. George W. " Priscilla. '' Idaline. Yoder, Miss Florence B., with L. C. Richie, Front. Yoder, Walter, carpenter, b Frank Loney, Redstone. Zimmerman, W. H., fruit tree agent, Front. MoUie B., wife. Harry C. " Margaret L. Elmer E. Zinner, Jacob C, miner. Front. Mary, wife, Hildy M. " Howard L. Bertha. R Edna B. Brownsville fficcr. Wm\i 520 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. X o Directory of the Three Towns BRIDGEPORT Acklin, Elizabeth, widow, High. " Bertha V., dressmaker. " Rubie K., school. Adams, F. S., proprietor Herbertson House, Water. " Jennie S., wife. F. E., clerk. Winnie B. " Lizzie S. Adams, Lloyd, barber. Prospect. " Ella E., wife. Reggie. Margaret. Ailes, John W., carpenter, b C. J. Miller, Second. Ailes, John, carpenter, b Chris. Cock, Second. Alexander, John H. (col.), laborer, High. " Isabel, wife. Allen, James, farmer, Mill. " Isabel, wife. Allen, John, blacksmith, b Edward J. Carmack, Pros- pect. Allison, William M., laborer, Second. " Priscilla, wife. Willard J., school. Allison, John, farmer, Angle. " Cirilda, wife. " Carrie. Allison, Graham, clerk. High. " Georgia A., wife. TRY A Rrownsville Rcer. CASE OF ^ ^ Bridgeport Directory 521 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROViqONS AND PRODUCE Anderson, Anderson, Anderson Altnian, John, tailor, Hit:;h. Mrs. John, wile. John, Jr. Ammon, Cornelia N., widow, Water. Anderson, William (col.), miner, b John Alexander, . Hicrh. Martin V., carpenter. High. Nellie E., wife, nurse. Mary, widow. High. Willard, b Mary Anderson, High. Anderson, Thomas, laborer. High. Matilda, wife. Fred. Anderson, Charles, miner, b Frank Edison, Race. Anderson, J. F., mine boss, New Town. " Annie B., wife. " George T., engineer. " Ora B., fireman. Nora O. "' Romola, school. Anderson, William W. (col.), miner. Cemetery Road. " Josephine, wife. " George, school. " Louis, school. " Joseph, school. Arensberg, Conrad L., plumber. High. Blanche, wife. Arensberg, Lewis F., plumber, High. " Lida, wife. Rachel A. Lewis F., Jr. Armstrong, Margaret, widow, Prospect. Armstrong, Wilham C, merchant. Water. Mary E., wnfe. Armstrong, Louis, blacksmith, b Mrs. Corwin, Water. Arnett, Benjamin H. (col.), laborer, Clover. Mary M., wife. Frank L. ■-i ■si ru C^ ^ ^ N* *>» P 3 ^ rn p 0^ n- 2 ^;r^ P ^ r-t ^ C/D Brownsville Beer At all Hotels^ 522 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Books and Stationery. Arnett, George H. Arnett, John L. (col.), laborer, b B. H. Arnett, Clover. Arnett, Frank (col.)- retired, Second. " Lucinda, wife. '3 ^ Blanche. " Sarah. - Charlie. " Dewyane. Arnold, Lewis A., machinist, b Penn. Hotel. Atkins, Samuel (col.), miner, b William Prunty, Water. Atlee, John, asst. supervisor, P. R. R. b Penn Hotel. " Minnie, wife. Aubrey, R. L., manager Aubrey Lumber Co., Prospect. Katherine, wife. " * Robert L., Jr., bookkeeper. William M., college. ^ " Thomas, school. ^ xVubrey, Oliver C, bookkeeper, High. •> Baggi, Joseph, miner. Coal Road. Amelia, wife. " Lena, school. " Mario. " Annie. ^^ " Kuinto, miner. ■■ " Lodoviel, miner. 4^ Baker, John T. (col.), miner, Cemeter) ■ Road. " Katherine, wife. _^^ " Carrie J. ^ " George A., miner. 1 " Albert, miner. John, Jr. c Baker, H. L., clerk, b W. W. Cramer Water. Bakewell, John H., laborer. Second. ,^^" Ella, wife. o " James, laborer. William. Maud. ^^ John, Jr. CALL FOR.. Brownsville Beer Bridgeport Directory 523 James H. Gray Water Street*, Bridgeport,. GROCERIES PROVISIONS- AND PRODUCE Banks, Bar Bar Bar, Bakewell, Bennett, D. Roy. Baldwin, Clark T., justice of peace, Race. " Maggie E., wife. Bertie M. Svdner (col.), laborer, Pearl. Eliza, wife. Charles, porter. Jslancy J., housekeeper. Second. Ulvssus G., carpenter, Pearl. Minnie, wife. Virginia I. Martha J. Irene, housekeeper. High. " Laura B., housekeeper. " Jennie, housekeeper. " John F., gent. Barnes, Annie (col.), domestic. Water. Bendic, Mary, domestic, R. W. Taylor, Second. Berrv, Julia, servant, John Pierce, Coal Road. Berry, Samuel B., laborer. Coal Road. Lydia, wdfe. Thomas. Charlie. Joseph. Samuel, Jr. Berrv, Lera, domestic, H. B. Cock, Water. Berry, Neville, painter, b Wm. Devault, High. George, bartender, b Penn Hotel. Thomas, miner, High. " Bessie, wife. " Howard. Bicker, Jennie, school, b Samuel Smith, Second. Biesenknap, Rose, domestic, T. H. Patton, Water. Bishop, Miles, painter, b Chris. Cock, Second. Bivins, David, school, New Town. Black, Ada M., widow. Mill. " Rebeca N., school. Berry, Bevan, O O 3 a. < n Qi ?0 m C/5 Qi 3 Q. C/5 > C/3 rownsville Deer^ ^^Dl 524 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong: Dru^ Co. The Up-To-Date Drug Store. z ^ < y O =:z C (U E < c o Black, Cora N. Black, James (col.), laborer. Second. " Mary S., wife. " John T. , hotel waiter. " Minnie L., wife. Blair, Mary D., widow, Clover. Benjamin, painter. Blair, James, wagon maker. Second. Phoeba J., wife. '' Samuel G., carpenter. Bolden, Henrietta, (col.), widow, b Robert Kennedy, near A. M. E. Church. Bolden, Moses (col.), laborer. High. " Henrietta, wife. " Richard, laborer. Grant. Bolden, Caroline (col.), housekeeper. Bolden, Thomas G. (col.), laborer. Second. Bessie. Booth, Charles E., R. R. flagman. High. " Georgia A., wife. " • Thelma. Bowers, Albert, carpenter. New Town. Bowman, Alice, widow. Cemetery. " John H., laborer. " Mary A., school. " Jahu E., school. " Grace B., school. Boyd, Frank, carpenter, b Mr. Magee, Second. Boyd, W. H., timekeeper, b Mrs. C. N. Ammon, Water. Brady, Mamie E. (col.), b Sarah E. Workanan, Second. " Ada v., school. " Lizzie M., school. Brawley, Maria, widow. Water. Brawner, Charles, laborer. New Town. Bray, John (col.), laborer, High. " Cora, wife. Brazell, Harry, miner, b Thomas Williams, Second. BROWNSVILLE BEER. FOR FAMILY USE Bridgeport Directory 525 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Bremard, L. W., bookkeeper, b Penn'a Hotel. Bricker, Jennie, school, b Samuel Smith, Second. Bright, William, H. author, inventor, b J. Percy Hart, Second. Brisbane, Robert, civil eng., b J. C. Higinbutham, Water. Mary L.. wife. " Agnes B., school. Britton, William, distiller, Second. Malinda, wife. " Elizabeth. " Catherne. Britton, AVilliam, Jr., steamboat eng.. Second. '' Daisv, wife. Browai, J. Frank, foreman Monitor, Prospect. Sarah A., wife. Margaret C. Brown, Alva C, R. R. frt. conductor, Pearl. Cora M.; wife. " Ervin A. Olive M. " Francis H. '" Louis P. Orvil N. Brundege, Lottie, b Joe Davis, Coal Road. IvaM. " Lena. Buckley, Priscilla, widow, dressmaker. High. '' Margaret, clerk. Buffington, Robert, clerk. Water. " Margaret, wife. Robert E. Buffington, W. J., gent, b Penn. Hotel. Bulger, William H., tailor. Prospect. " Minerva vS., wnfe. Rinard R. " Holmes. " Florence. K ^ p Brownsville Beer 526 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. PRESCRIPTION SPECIALISTS. Z < H -J < Z E O Bulger, Mary, widow, Bank. Bulger, Rinard R., merchant tailor, High. Kate D., wife. Lawrence, school. " Kenneth S., school. Bulger, H. H., druggist, Water. " Eleanor, wife. Bumry, Rev. R. H. (col.), minister. Hill. Jennie B., wife. " Richard H., school. " Arnold A., school. " Julia E., school. William C. Burchett, E. A., fireman, b S. A. Minehart, Bank. Burnett, Levi H., Pearl. Lida, wife, clerk. MarvE. FredM. Thomas A. Burnett, Lvdia, widow, High. Burton, George, retired, b William Burton, Bank. Burton, William, miner. Bank. Elizabeth J., wife. '' Celia, school. " Margaret K. John R. " Chester. Butler, Emma J. (col.), widow. Cemetery. Maggie, school. " Thomson, school. " Morris, school. " Plummer, laborer. Butterfield, Harry C, b Mrs. Wm. Swan, Prospect. Byrne, Emma H., b Mrs. Joshua Speer, Prospect. Cain, Levenia (col.), widow. Bank. " Levon, school. Caine, Virginia Louise, b Penn. Hotel. Caine, George B., clerk Penn. Hotel. 5rownsville ^z^r IS PUR6. Bridgeport Directory 527 James H« Gray Water Street., Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Caine, Ethel L.,wife. Camino, Joseph, baker, Grant. Campbell, Richard, laborer, New Town. Sarah, wife. " Viola, school. " Julia, school. " Allen, school. Campbell, L. G., R. R. frt. conductor, High. " Laura, wife. Campbell, Mr., carpenter, b Ida M. Black, Mill. Carlson, Chas., miner, b Frank Edison, Race. Carmack, Jeremiah PI., clerk, Penn'a Hotel. Carmack, Zephaniah, steamboat agt., Prospect. " Rebecca, wife. " Charles, inventor. Carmack, Edw. J., carpenter. Prospect. Margaret M., wife. Carnelius, Leslie M., R. R. brakeman, High. Edith M., wife. Carpenter, Wm. H. (col.), waiter, High. " Eva, wife. " Catherne. " Blanche. " Jessie. Susie. Carpenter, Vincent (col.), cook, b Ann Peyton, Clover. Carpenter, Jas. H., cook, b Ann Peyton, Clover. Carpenter, Annie (col.), servant, T. D. Hann, High. Carrick, John, laborer, b Chris Cock, Second. Carson, Thomas (col.), stable boss, b Sara E. Work- man, Second. Carter, Bulah S., school, b Jas. S. Cropp, Bank. Carter, Cora, domestic, Ed. McCullcugh, Second. Carter, Geo. H., b H. B. Cock, Second. Cassidy, Horasha B., canvasser, High. " Levenia, wife. " Chisty, tobie maker. Cavanaugh, John, engineer, Green Lane. C5 n so O m n C/5 CD z ro Qi (/I 3 a CL 3 Q. C/5 <- >► Q P- ^ — i ro r* ^ Qi m O" > ro -H (/> (•5 PUREST and BEST is . . . ffirownsvllle fficer. 528 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Booics and Stationery. v 1 Cavanaugh, Carrie, wife. c 1 Rose. " Bridget, widow. (D , " James, laborer. Chalfant, Jas. A., retired, High. m dO Sarah B., wife. Helen, school. c c Chalfant, Samuel, traveling salesman, Water. Annie, wife. E L. " Dorotha. (D Chamberlain, Elgy, merchant, Prospect. Catherine, wife. ■ Q) a " Ceph D., merchant. Q) Paul. ^~ Check, Jackson (col.), teamster, Water. DC Childs, Morgan, driver pop wagon, High. '^" II Christopher, Leslie, emp. distillery, High. " Viola M.,'wife. ■* " Edgar, school. c Clark, Virginia, b U. G. Bar, Pearl. (D Clawson, Sarah, widow, Prospect. Orton, clerk. c^ Ralph. J- Clendemeth, Hiram, laborer. New Town. t Cline, Thomas H., glass worker. High. ^ " Elizabeth, wife. < Cobbs, William, miner. Water. Coburn, W. A., R.R. agent, West Brownsville, Prospect. Martha I., wife. Cock, WilHam R., druggist. Water. " Bessie, wife. c " Nelson W. " Howard B. £ Cock, Eli B., farmer. High. " Mary B. o " Eleanor L. " Stella M. "^ " AlmaE. ^K Brownsville Beer Bridgeport Directory .529 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. Groceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE ^ -v* Cock, Cock, Cock, Cock, William, retired merchant. Water. Margaret M., wife. Christian, carpenter, Second. Mary, wife. Peria. Alice. Hettie. Pauline. H. B., steamboat cajjtain, Second. Harriet, wife. John W., ship carpenter, High. " Grace F., wife. " Thomas F., asst. surveyor. " J. Fisher, R. R. employe. " Williard, emp. pop shop. " M. Irene, school. " Lena A., school. " Rebecca M. " Bracken O. Condon, Mr., clerk. Water. Condon, William, retired, W^ater. Margaret M., wife. Thomas, furniture dealer. Arch. Annie W., wife. William W., school. Margaret M., school. Margaret, widow. Prospect. Bertha, domestic, Harry Shank, Second. Eli, chief police, Water. " Lizzie, wife. " Paul, laborer. " Clyde. " Russell. " Ruth. Coratis, John, miner, New Town. Corwin, Mary A., widow. Water. " Everet B.. clerk. Costerlee, Joseph, R. R. laborer, b Jeo. Ross, Clover. Conellv, Conley, Cook, Cope, c^ :? •1 a ^ Vj r^ 1-i ' Ni ^* P ^ ? 5^ P- ^ ?^ CO ^ s 'v^ p TRY A CASE OF ^ Brownsville Beer ^ 530 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong: Drug: Co, The Up-To-Date Dmg Store. UQ£ -J < Z E O Costerlee, Tony, R. R- laborer, b Jeo. Ross, Clover. Couse, E. P., editor Weekly Monitor, Second. " Henrietta, wife. " James M. " Edwin. '' Catherine. Couzin, Edward (col.), waiter, Second. Covatch, Charles, miner, b Makasky, Clover. Co win, Frank E., steamboat mate, Second. " Margaret, wife. Earl. Cox, Katherine (col.), widow, Clover. " R. Henry, watchman. Crable, Roy (col.), hostler, Second. Craft, Emma K., widow. High. " Clara P., school. " Edgar W., school. Craft, James, dry goods merchant. Second. May, wife. Craft, Nathaniel G., merchant. Second. " Mary S., wife. " Williams., Jr. Craft, Walter, R. R. employee, Prospect. Cramer, W. W., R. R. weighmaster, Water. " Charlotte L., wife. Crawford, Geo. W., retired farmer. High. Lou M., wife. Crawford, Mary S., housekeeper. High. '' Margaret E. Crawford, Robert P., gent.. Prospect. Ruth E., wife. William B. Crawford, Edward F., carpenter, Water. " Jennie, wife. William D. Crawford, Mary J., widow. Second. " Thomas P., invalid. Crawford, Martha J., widow, Water. ^BROWNSVILLE BEER ^ AT ALL HOTELS. Bridgeport Directory James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. 5;u roceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE r^ r^ Crawford, Cephes L., carpenter, Water. " Lizzie, wife. Ralph B. Donald L. Crawford, John T., steamboat captain. High. " Annie, wife. Crawford, Howard J., car recorder, b Elizabeth Acklin, High. " Caroline B., wife. Robert E. Crawford, Edith R., widow. Bank. " Samuel C, clerk. Crawford, James G., laborer. Water. " Margaret A., wife. " Oliver B., cooper. " Watson E., school. " Margaret I., school. Cromlow, Diana, widow. Prospect. Cropp, Joseph S., blacksmith. Bank. Martha A., wife. " Samuel H., blacksmith. '' William B., blacksmith. " Milton L., school. Cropp, Mary E., hottsekeeper. Water. Lucius S., invalid. Cross, Charles, miner, New Town. '' Sallie. " James. " Charles, Jr. " Louis. Cumpston, H. R., freight conductor. High. EffieF.,wife. " Minnie M., school. Paul R., school. " Caroline H., school. Mary V. " Lawrence H. Cunningham, Wm. H., teamster, Bank. Q^ ^ ^ c ^ n ?0 O m n C/5 (V z n ft) Q) (f> 3 Si Q. 3 ■^ C/5 < >- ro r- A ^ 05 (H' r^ a> m cr > ro H (/) cy5 Call for Brownsville Beer 532 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. Q ' Z < z z z q: < < LJ Q. J iij q: c E < c o Cunningham, Jennie, wife. " Geo. A., teamster. Curtis, C. H. (col.), waiter, Penn'a Hotel. Cushman, Walter, civil eng., b Barr House. Dales, Geo., mining engineer, Mrs. Clawson, Prospect. Darby, William, clerk, b Mrs. Elma Swan, Prospect. Darwin, Edward, laborer, b Penn. Hotel. Daugherty, Silas H., blacksmith. Green Lane. " Eunice, wife. Mary, E. Daugherty, William T., barber, Water. Anna M., wife. Nellie. " Sarah. Daugherty, Lollie, b W. T. Daughertv, Water. Daugherty, Sarah C, b S. E. F. Davis, High and Mill. Daugherty, J. Frank, barber. High. " Sophie, wife. Ruth E. Daugherty, Enoch, steamboat mate. Second. " Margaret, wife. " Benjamin, plumber. Davis, Hiram, lumberman, High. " Emma, wife. " Birdie C. " E valine H. " Howard H Davis, Joseph H., laborer, Coal Road. Davis, Margaret, b Joe Davis, Coal Road. Davis, Andrew, b George S. Herbertson, Water. Davis, S. E. F., invahd, High and Mill. " Anabell, wife. " Miller, Em. marble works. Davis, Arthur, miner. Second. Davis, H. C, clerk. Water. " Emma J., wife. " John J., school. " David S., school. m: Brovt^nsville Beer ^ IS UNION MADE. Bridgeport Directory 533 James H.Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Davis, William L., school. '' James. Davison, Harry, tailor, High. Lizzie, wife. " Jennie. Charles. " Charlotte. Dawson, Bessie, b Dawson Reynolds, Water. Dawson, Mr., clerk, b Bar House. Dawson, Wni., bookkeeper, b Mrs. Clawson, Prospect. Dearth, William, farmer. High. " Myrtle A., wife. DeBolt, Haddie R., b Spencer Dusenberry, Second. DeLaney, Daniel, machinist, Prospect. Bathia, wife. William W. Charles R., clerk. Mvrtle M. DeLaney, John H., molder, b W. B. McAlpin, High. DeLaney, Samuel, machinist, Prospect. " Hannah J., wife. " Etta M., school-teacher. " Emma G. Dennis, Washington (col.), miner, Hill Road. " Minnie, wife. Detwiler, Annie, domestic, W. C. Nimon. Devault, Lula A., b Joe Davis, Coal Road. Devault, William, teamster. High. Adda, wife. " Plummer, teamster. Diodato, Panenzi, R. R. laborer, b Joe Ross, Clover. D'ivart, All)ert, bartender. Bar House. Doak, B. P., sawver. Pearl. " Elizabeth 'p., wife. " Charles T., bartender. Doak, Robert E., clerk, High. " Peria A., wife. " Barbara H. O. ^ ^ ■>^ r^* p ^ P ?ii Q- ^ S^ CO >^ P > ' rv, < rt- ^ 2 ^ p rt Rrownsville Recr for Family Use 534 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co, Periodicals, Boolis and Stationery, ^cc Doak, Frederick. Dominic, Frank, R. R. laborer, b Joe Ross, Clover. Donahey, Algernon, mgr. Thompson distillery, b Barr House. Donaldson, G. Presley, engineer, Water. Margaret E., wife. " K at her in e R. " James P. Donaldson, Eliza F., widow. Second. Doolittle, Hamilton, lineman. Bell tel.. Second. Doriguzzi, John, miner, Mill Road. Anna, wife. George. Douglass, Archie W., contracting carpenter. Second. " Lizzie B., wife. " Mary L., school. " Helen P., school. Douglass, WilUam, retired, b A. W. Douglass. Drake, Henry, shoemaker, High. " Amanda, wife. Drokem, William, contractor. New Town. Drotos, Mary, servant, Dr. Henry Eastman, Second. Dusenbery, Spencer H., distiller, Second. '• Marv, wife. Myrtle L. Lena P. William T. Charlie E. S. Howard. M. Alice. Dusenberry, Josiah, invalid, Mill Road. " Sarah J., wife. " William S., engineer. Edith A. " Josiah, Jr., school. Mary E. Dwyre, Clara B., b Mrs. Shoemaker, Coal Road. Eastman, Henry, physician, Second. ti 'B)To\»ws\)vV\.e ^eet Bridgeport Directory 535 James H. Gray Water Streets, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE [ill. Eastman, Evelyn Gates, wife. Eckles, John, blacksmith striker. High and Edel, George J., mgr. brewery, Water. " Euphenia, wife. " George H. Edison, Frank, miner. Race. " Annie, wife. " Wenner. Edmiston, William, R. R. ticket clerk. High. Eva, wife. Edwards, William, blacksmith, New Town. Edwards, Pinkney (col.), laborer, b Frank Arnett, Second. Edwards, John, laborer, Cemetery Road. " Nancy, wife. Ellsworth, E. J., civil engineer, b Bar House. Engle, James M., bookkeeper, b E. Morrison, Prospect. Emma E., wife. Ensley, Barton J., miller, Water. " Eva J., wife. Everly, Madison J., carpenter. Green Lane. " Minnie G., wife. " Emma E. Helen. Everly, Emma, 1) J. H. Hall, Cemetery Road. Fairfax, Mary J. (col.), widow. High. " Catharine. Farson, John L., mgr. Val. Sup. store. High. " Happie Z., wife. " John P., college student. " Laura L., school. Myrtle B., school. " Lena L. Helen G. Matthew A. Fear, George E., merchant. Water. " Anna E., wife. Fenwick, Joseph, miner, Second. Qi o ^ n 70 O m o C/) = o Qi (/) 3 a a. 3 a C/5 ■< > ro r— — 1 (/> C/) ^rownsvi//e S^eer is S^ure. 536 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug: Co. The Up-To-Date Drug Store. Q • ' Fenwick, Samuel. z . " Annie. John. < * " Joseph, Jr. ^K Andy. (5 Ferrel, Ed. (col.), waiter, b Pennsylvania Hotel. Z Finley, James E., gent, b Mary S. Crawford, High. Z Finley, William E., retired farmer. High. A^ " Kate, wife. z K Fisher, L. A., train dispatch., Mon. R. R., b Penn. — Hotel. < u < " Marie, wife. Q. a 1 Fletcher, Homer, clerk Bar House, b Bar House. Flood, Wilson (col.), invahd, Second. J Ul " Margaret, wife. (K " Edward. " Josephine. " Charles. ■* " Raymond. c " Willie. (U " Wvlie. Florence,' William M. (col.), teamster, High. E " Jennie, wife. " Louis H., barber. Florence, WiUiam H. (col.), teamster. Pearl. '^J John M. ■i^ Joseph S. < " Lvdia M., housekeeper. Florence, Leslie (col.), janitor. Clover. " Julia, wife. Walter, clerk. £ ! " Ada, servant. ! " Virginia, servant. £, " Charlie, school. " Mattie, school. o " Olive, school. " Con well, school. "^ " Dewayne, school. p B ure5 est 5t is ^"ti RROWNSVILLE BEER. Bridgeport Directory 537 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Florence, Josephine. Marv. Mabel. Florence, Ray (col.), b Dora Willis, Clover. Ford, Robert (col.), tunnel worker, High. " Rosa, wife. " Helen. Fortney, Philip E., frt. brakeman, Second. Lizzie E., wife. lonaV.- Fostina, Mastro, housekeeper, Clover. Fox, Arnetta M. (col.), b Mrs. Mossett, High and Angle. Freeman, Harry (col.), restaurant, High. Annie, wife. Odeal. " Nadine. Fynes, John R., miner. Second. " Elizabeth, wife. Martha A. John R., Jr. Elizabeth E. Olive B. " James D. " James, miner. " Howard. Gabler, Annie, b Margaret Conlev, Prospect. Gaines, Eugene (col.), laborer, Cemetery Road. " Marv 0., wife. Wilfiam K. " Olive. " Mary. Gaines, Kennedy (col.), laborer, b Dora Willis, Clover. Gallagher, Samuel, laborer, Clover. Florence, wife. Helen. Walter. Galloway, Clyde, druggist, b Bar House. ^^Brownsville Beer. 518 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co, Prescription Specialists. Gamble, Robert, mining engr., b Mrs. Joshua Speer, Prospect. Gardner, Daniel, miner. New Town. " Ina, wife. Richard. Pearl. Garrette, W. S., superintendent, High. M. P., wife. Garwood, Charles S., carpenter, High. " Florence H., wife. Mildred E. Garwood, John, carpenter. Clover. Garwood, William G., laborer. Ada, wife. " Frank. Emil. Gaskill, George S., blacksmith. Mill. " Emma F., wife. Gaskill, Sarah, widow. Water. Gaskill, Madeline, domestic, Mr. Cross, New Town. Geber, Steve, miner, b Steve Moskaska, Clover. Ghrist, Sara, dressm.aker. Second. Gibbons, Sarah L., widow, High. Gilbride, Gim, laborer, b Chris Cock, Second. Gillie, Robert, mine boss, Water. " Annie, wife. " Ernest, school. " Ruth. " Susan, school. " Annie. " Howard. Gilligan, Robert, carpenter. New Town. " Louella, wife. " Margaret. Goe, Myrtle A., servant, John L. Farson, High. Golden, Rebecca (col.), domestic, Ross Rathmell. Goldstein, Louis, merchant, Prospect. " Dinnie, wife. TRY A case: or ^ Brownsville :!Becr ^ Bridgeport Directory 539 James H. Gray Water Street., Bridgeport,. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Goldstein, Joe. Frank. Ober. Gombar, Steve, miner. High. " Annie, wife. Orby. Thomas. " Steve, Jr. Goodwin, John E., R. R. brakeman, High. Gordon, Mr., insurance agt., b Jas. J. League, Arch. Gould, Harry, watchman, b S.^Minehart, Bank. Graef , Edward, barber, b W. T. Daugherty, Water. Graham, Patrick, teamster, b John Harding, Second. Graham, Robert, druggist, High. Charles R., druggist. Gray, Joseph S., brakeman, P. V. & C., b R. Buffing- ton, Water. Gray, James H., grocery man. Second. " Hattie, wife. " Edna J. Gray, Joseph S., laborer, Coal Road. " J. Alice, wife. " LeliaM., school. " Joseph M. " Nellie E. Green, Ida E., domestic, Geo. W. Edel, Water. Green, J. C, cooper, Grant. Charity, wife. " Harry M., barber. Green, Florence L., Grant. Green, Matilda (col.), widow, Second. Gregg, Ira M., veterinary. Second. Jane, wife. " Edward A., school. " Bertha M., school. " Ralph B., school. Gribble, John W., barber, High. " LulaS.,wife. C5 -^ n ?0 O m o C/J (H "^ a> Qi (/> 3 a O. 3 D. on < r- H ^ a m C > ft H (/> (/) Try Brownsville Beer. 18 540 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co, Prescription Specialists. < << Gribble, Louis H. Gribble, John, retired, High. " MaUnda, wife. Gribble, E. Baird, steamboat captain. Second. " Sophia S., wife. EHzabethD., school " Eleanor M., school. Sophia W. Griggs, H. H., carpenter, Prospect. " Eliza J., wife. Grooms, Charles E., laundryman. Water. " Emma R., wife. Gue, George W., painter. Green Lane. Isabela, wife. " John A. " Mamie G. " Marv G. " Albert C. Gue, William, laborer, b William Devault, High. Guesman, Gary, laborer, Second. " Esther, wife. " Riley, laborer. " Howard, school. " Lawrence. Ethel. Guesman, Selena, domestic, Chris. Cock, Second. Hackett, George (col.), laborer. Hill. " Mary, wife. " James, laborer. " Elmer, miner. ■ " Clo. V. " Georgia. Lottie. " Henry. McKinley. " Lincoln. Sindv. Hadden, H. B., clerk, b W. S. Garrett, High. Brownsville Beerpi^e Bridgei)()rt Directory 541 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE H Hakin, William, miner, Second. " Martha, wife. " George. Hall, George G., retired, Cemeter}' Road. " Emiline, wife. Hall, George W., Insp. Port Pittsburg, Cemetery Road. " Marv, wife. " Ethel. Hamilton, Clarence. R. R. brakeman, High. Ella, wife. Hamilton, Lucinda, widow. Second. Hamilton, Elizabeth J. (col.), widow. High. " Charles T., carpet cleaner. ■ Alfred J., carpet cleaner. iv, Henry, laborer. New Town. " Jennie, wife. " Lawrence, school. " Jenevive, school. Hann, Thomas D., stipt. Gas and Water Co., High. " Cora E., wife. " Virginia, school. " Helen E. " Thomas D., Jr. Harden, Thomas, miner, Second. " Emma, wife. Freddie. Olive. " Louie. Harford, James H., baggage master, Blaine. " Olive, wife. Roy. Harmon, Charles R., minister C. P. church, High. Mrs. Charles R., wife. Ruth, school. Harris, Charles, carpenter, b Chris. Cock. Harshman, John A., teamster. Coal Road. " Bessie D., wife. Louis H. C5 -5 X o m o C/5 o ZL n (t Qi iS> 3 a Q. s a. C/5 <• > ro r- <£i H ft f* ^ a m O" > ft H (/I (/3 Purest and Brownsville Beer. Best IS . . . ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 542 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Books and Stationery. Q • Z • < • O o z l-H z 1— t < < w Oh hj m U 0^ O Hart, J. Percy, real estate dealer, Second. " Finley Z., wife. " Melissa M., school. " J. Percy, Jr. Hart, David M., justice of peace. High. " Sarah M., wife. " Kenneth M., R. R. employe. " James G., R. R. employe. " Isabel, school. " Lawrence W., clerk. " Wilgus, school. " David M., Jr., school. Hart, Wallace A., glass worker. High. Martha J., wife. " Margaret. Haught, William A., tobacconist. Second. Mary A., wife. Hawkins, Charles (col.), hotel emp., b Leveine Cain. Hawkins, Edward H., laborer, Clover. Mary F., wife. Delia I. " Mary A. Edgar H. Hawkins,. Mr., mining engr., b Mrs. Joshua Spears, Prospect. Hawslinger, Chas., cooper, b L. E. Smith, Prospect. Haylor, E. E., structural iron worker, r Sarah Grist, Second. Hedley, John, laborer, b H. Windrow, Coal Road. Henshaw, Frank P., farmer. Second. " Haddie G., wife. Martha J. Louis P. Herbertson, William H., mfg.,'AVater. Margaret D., wife. Herbertson, James R., bookkeeper, Arch. " Sarah P., wife. Herbertson, John M., machinist. Second. ^'^^"^ Brownsville Beer, Brid.y;eport Director}' 543 James H. Gray Water Street*, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Herbertson, J. William. Elizabeth. Herbertson, George S., mfg., Second. " Sarah, wife. Edgar J. Herskovitz, Ignatz, merchant. High. " Regena, wife. Harry. , " Herman. " Abraham. Herst, Julia, b Jas. Leamon, Water. Hess, W. D., brakeman. Second. " Emma, wife, Higgins, James B., miner, Prospect. " Louisa K., wife. " J. Bertie, school. " Sheridan, school. " . N. May, school. " Archie. High, Julius (col.), porter. Bar House. Higinbotham, James C, lumber dealer. Water. " Katherine B., wife. " J. Colvin, school. " Margaret K. " Louisa C. Katherine M. Higinbotham, U. Frank, farmer. Prospect. Emma V., wife. Ethel M. " Margaret T., school. Hill, John, school, New Town. Hill, Francis, mining engr., b Mrs. Joshua Speer, Pros- pect. Hilton, Eli (col.), porter. High. " Mary A., wife. " Clarence D. Hilton, John H. (col.), teamster, Second. " Louisa, wife. CO (TD CO m C/5 a Q. > C/5 Try a Case of TD *tt R ======= OrownsviUe D eer* 544 Bridgeport Directory J, D. Armstrong: Drug: Co. The Up-To-Date Drug Store. ^ Hilton, Blanche. Alice. " Louis. Hinton, Conelius (col.), janitor, b Rev. R. H. Bumry, Hill. " Harriett S., wife. Hockman, G. W., laborer, b Mary Anderson, High. Holland, Tony (col.), miner, b Wm. Prunty, Water. Holley, Thomas (col.), laborer, b Dave Willis, Clover. Honesty, John (col.), laborer, bet. Wall and Broad. " Ida, wife. " Lawrence N., laborer. " Ruthener M., servant. " John, Jr., school. Robert M., school. Honestv, Belle (col.), school, b John Alexander, High. " ' Oliver. Honesty, Margaret (col.), widow, High. " Herbert, laborer. " Martha, servant. Honesty, Louisa, b Levina Cain, Hill. Hoover, James, invalid, b Samuel Smith, Second. Hoover, F. S., physician. High. Hormell, H. H., merchant. Union. Minerva H., wife. Hornbake, Herburt, druggist, b Chas. Kisinger, Pros- pect. Hulbert, John, electrician. New Town. Hurford, Maria J., widow, Prospect. Hurst, George W., painter. Second. " Nettie, wife. " Julia. " Elizabeth. " Adelia. " Wilda. " Georgia. " Nannie. Huskins, Mr., saddler, b S. H. Minehart, Bank. Brownsville Beer At all Hotels*^ Bridgeport Directory 545 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. Groceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE ^- -v Hutlis, Martin, coal miner, Second. Marv,wife. " Martin, Jr. Mary. John. Inghram, Lulu 1., servant, A. M. Sargent, Prospect. Ingland, Wm., machinist, High. George, engineer. Ingram, Bertha, domestic, Eli Leonard, High. Irwin, Samuel R., school, b B. J. Ensley, Water. " Howard H. Jameson, Robert, telegraph lineman, High. Ella M., wife. Leta. Jeffries, T. A., real estate dealer. Second. *' Emma, wife. " Helen. Thomas A., Jr. " Margaret. " Joseph. John B. Jeffries, Zetus L., watchman, Second. " Sarah E., wife. " Charles L., laborer. " J. Robert, laborer. Jeffries, John, clerk, r C. J. Miller, Second. John, William L., laborer. Second. Elizabeth A., wife. " William P., telegrapher. " Mattie, stenographer. " Phillip C. Johns, Martha, widow. Hill. " Wallace. " Leola. Johns, William (col.), laborer, Prospect. " Julia, wife. Johns, Martha, widow. Pearl. " Ray, carpenter. re* C/5 Oi 3 Q. C/5 > —I C/5 ^^^R, BROWNSVILLE BEER. 5i6 Bridgeport Director}^ J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. •ay •00 ■ope -fl; Johns, Lena, wife. " William. Johns, Thomas G., laborer, Clover. " Cora M., wife. " OrphaM., school. " Mary F., school. " Thomas E. Johns, Horace G. (col.), servant, Hill. " Lucy A., wife. " Harold H., school. " Richard J. " Roland W. Johnson, Andrew (col.), hod carrier, b John B. Alex- ander, High. Johnson, Edward, miner, b Alice Bowman, Cemetery Road. Johnson, James, laborer, b Alice Bowman, Cemetery Road. Johnson, Robert B., engineer. Water. " Jennie M., wife. Wilbur D. Johnston, Oscar, miner, b Frank Edison, Race. Johnston, Louis E., R. R. engineer, Second. " Myrtle, wife. Johnston, Lon, stone mason, b Frank Carrion, Second. Johnston, W. H., merchant. Prospect. " Margaret, wife. JoUiff, Brice, painter, M. R. R., Prospect. " Mary, wife. " Fallie, school. " George, school. " Martha. " Thelma. Jones, Mrs. E. J., widow. Second. " George W. " Elizabeth J. Jones, Olevia (col.), widow. High. " H. Colvin. Brownsville Beer IS . . Union Made Bridgeport Directory 547 James H. Gray i Groceries^ Water Street, Bridgeport, !l PROVISIONS and PRODUCE -v. V Jones, Ra^^man H. Seward G. " Campbell S., school. " Bertha E., school. Jones, Thomas, miner. New Town. Ada, wife. " Thomas, Jr. Jennie. Jones, D. E., miner. New Town. " Sarah, wife. " Noel, school. " Mildred, school. " Hugh, school. " Caroline, school. " James. Jones, Israel (col.), teamster, Cemetery Road. " M. Louise, wife. " Albert R., miner. " Moses H., teamster. " Preston. Victor, invalid. Prospect. , William P., jeweler, Water. Clara Swan, wife. Frank, laborer, b A. E. Markley, Second. , W. D., labor boss. New Town.^ Susie, wife. Carrie, school. Henr3^ school. John, school. Ira, school. Annie. Alice. Charles W., fireman. New Town. Minerva, wife. Alvie C, school. John D., school. Frank, contractor, b Bar House. , C. N., R. R. engineer, Grant. Jones, Kaiser Kane, Keffer, Keifer, Keller Kellev o Ti n Jj O m n cr rp Oi Of) 3 a Q. 3 O. (/5 ■^ >► 0) r— (£i •H fV rt ^ a m O" > ft H (/) C/5 Brownsville Beer ^or Family ^^^^^^^^^^ Use 548 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Books and Stationery. Kellev, Marv W., wife. " " Thelma. Kelley, Martha C, b W. A. Coburn, Prospect. Kelley, G. W., laborer, b Mary Anderson, High. Kendall, Harry, carpenter, b Ed Taylor, Second. Kennedy, Joseph, miner, New Town. " Elizabeth, wife. " Josephine. Isabel. Kennedy, Robert (col.), laborer. Hill. " Doretta, wife. Kenney, C. L., civil engineer. Angle. " Margaret B., wife. " Clarissa. Kenney, Richard, miner. Second. " Katie, wife. " Verner. " Bessie. Thomas. Richard, Jr. " Jonnie. Kettle, Wm., blacksmith, b Gary Guseman, Second. Killday, Henry, tailcr, b John Harding, Second. Kimmel, John, carpenter, b Vernon's, High. King, Rebecca (col.), Hill. King, J. W., laborer, b Mary Anderson, High. Kirk, John, R. R. carpenter, Prospect. " Georgeanna, wife. " George B., school. " Freda B., school. " Harold D., school. Kisinger, Chas. E., gas fitter. Prospect. Elizabeth A., wife. " William P., laborer. " Maud H., stenographer. C. Edgar. Ella v., school. Kisner, S. Smith, fireman. High. Try^^ Brownsville Beer Bridgeport Directory 5i9 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Kisner, Annie L., wife. Ethel M. Lizzie M., school. William S., printer. Elsie M., school. Effie B., school. Sara L., school. Elmer L., school. Mabel A. Kissell, Kenneth K., carpenter, New Town. Kissell, William, carpenter. Grant. Kissell, Roy, boss carpenter, b Chas. E. Kisinger, Prospect. Knight, John W., retired, b William Roberts, Second. Sarah M., wife. Kotko, John, miner, Coal Road. Lizzie, wife. " Dora. " Lizzie. Kotko. Joe, miner, b John Kotko, Coal Road. Krepps, Solomon G., Jr., liveryman, Water. Bvrde, wife. Ada. Krepps, Harriett C, widow. Water. Krepps, Solomon G., Sr., postmaster. Margaret M., wife, asst. postmaster. Labin, John, laborer, Green Lane. Elizabeth A., wife. '' Margaret A. " Marv H. " WilfiamJ. " John T. " borotha J. " Sarah. " Carrol. LaBold, Cornelia, dome.stic. New Town. Lamon, Robert H. (col.), pit driver, Cemetery Road. Lancaster, Joseph (col.), miner. Cemetery Road. Q) o -5 O o -5 CD CD C/3 -5 =r CD P3 3 a> O. 2 Q. C/3 P9 < CD i-t- CO CD S sa CD CD P3 C/5 C/) Brownsville Beer '' ^^^^^- 550 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. The Up-To-Date Drug Store. 'Ofi ■ope •IN ,J3 Lancaster, Hannah B., wife. " James H. Jehue. Joe. Charles E. Adah . Lancaster, Owen (col.), miner, Clover. " Gertrude, wife. Joseph M. Landy, Frank, miner, b Frank Moskosky, Clover. Latimer, Harry, clerk, b Elma Swan, Prospect. Laughrey, Samuel W., fireman, AVater. " Margaret S., wife. " Lida L., school. NaimieE. Layton, Wm., meat market, b Mary J. Crawford, Second. Lazier, Walter E., clerk at Bar House. Leadbeater, Luke B., promoter. High. " Lina S., wife. League, Thomas A., carpenter, Clover. Nettie B., wife. " W. Dewayne. " Anna J. League, Sarah, b John Allison, Angle. League, Carl, b John Allison, Angle. League, Noah, carpenter, alley bet. Wall and Broad. " Martha, wife. " Fannie C, school. " Lizzie, school. " Charlotte, school. League, James H., carpenter. Arch. '' Dora, wife. League, Daniel M., contracting carpenter, Grant. Elizabeth M., wife. " Russell F., school. Leamon, James M., wagon niaker. Water. " Julia, wife. " Nan, cashier. Ptipest Besf l^^_ BroWDSuille Beer. liridgeporl Directory 551 James H. Gray Water Street*, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRCDUCE Leamon, Forest. Leonard, John E., steaml)oat captain, Bank. Mary A., wife. Eli P., mate. " Helen G., school. Sarah T. Leonard, Eli, contractor, High. " Mamie O. Levingston, Ella, widow. Second. " Howard J., laborer. " Julia, telephone operator. Wallace A. Ella. " Sarah. " Austin. Edith. Nina J. Levy, William, merchant. High. Nellie, wife. " Jessie. " borotha. " Bennie. " Julius. Levy, Morris, dry goods merchant, Water. " Belle, wife. " Mabel, school. " IraS. Levy, Harry, clerk, b Morris Levy, Water. Lewis, Albert, laborer. New Town. Lewis, Stella, b E. Chamberlain, Prosiject. " Sarah Catherine. Lilley, Dr. Wilbur M., b Bar House. Lindsay, James A., contractor, Prospect. " ^ Martha J., wife. " Effie B., school-teacher. Lindv, John S., street com.. Green Lane. " Catherine, wife. " William W., carpenter. ff5 -n n ?o O m o C/5 ri n o Oi (/) 3 a a 3 a. C/) ■< > ft r— <£i -H rp r* ^ a m cr — 1 (f) C/5 Brink IBrownsvllk fficcr. 552 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. < < z o Lindv, Emeline, storekeeper, High. Mary S., storekeeper. Linn, Jchn B., laborer. Second. Linn, Harrison, check weighman. Second. " Rachel, wife. " WiUiam M., clerk. Lipovsky, Barbara, domestic, J. C. Majerchak, Union. Lockhart, Alexander D., gardner,b Mrs. G. B. Shelton, Light Lane. Lockridge, Robert L., clerk. Prospect. " Cora, wife. Ethel J. Russell G. Ruth C. Logan, Patrick E., watchman, b Minehart, Bank. Long, R. W., teamster. New Town. " Lizzie, wife. " Hesther. Long, A. J., electrician, b Penn. Hotel. Louis, Pete, miner, b Jos. Baggi, Coal Road. Lowenstein, Lee, store mgr., b Wm. Levey, High. Lowstutter, Mr., ins. agt., b Jas. H. League, Arch. Lucas, Anna M., housekeeper, R. C. Rogers, Bank. Lutes, Elgie, R. R. employe. High. " Ella M., wife. " Clifton W., R. R. watchman. " Ralph. Lynch, Henry, laborer, b J. H. Alexander, High. Lynch, Trum'an, carpenter, b Mr. McGee, Second. Magee, F. L., contractor, Second. " Margaret, wife. " Florence B. Delia. Lee. Mazie. Charles E. Grace. Majerchak, J. C banker, Union. TRY A Rrownsvillc ?)Zzy. CASE OF ^ HridjieporL Directory 553 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Majerchak, Bertha, wife. " Bertha. " Joseph. " Frank, clerk, b J. C. Majerchak, Union. Malarka, Mr., contracting plasterer, b F. J. Orr, Water. M alone, Mary, b R. L. Aubrey, Pros])ect. Manning, James L. (col.), miner. Angle. Lizzie M., wife. " Miles, laborer. Annie D. Ellen. Bolden. Delia. Ora. " Joseph A. " James, Jr. Sherley. Marinelle, Ltiigi, shoemaker. Water. Laura, wife. " Christina. " Mary, school. " Alfred, school. " Frank, school. Rose. Markley, A. E., emp. Water Works, Second. " Reba L., wife. Clifford E. " George A. Marshall, Harry, real estate and merchant. High. " Emily S., wife. " Jane, school. " Henry, school. William. " Harold. Martin, Catherine, widow. Water. Oliver K., carpenter. " Mary W., school-teacher. " Anna W\, bookkeeper. P ^ ^ ^ c^ y (^ p ^ EL Brownsville Beer At all Hotels^ 554 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Booics and Stationery. y y CALL FOR.. Mason, H. G., groceryman, Spring. Sarah M., wife. " Albert M., car tracer. " Harry P., school. " Robert D., school. Mason, W. B., clerk, R. R. office. Mary C, wife. Mason, R. D., miller, Second. " Pauline B., wife. " R. Colvin, clerk. " Frank N., school. " Emma C. Mason, Burnie, miller. Water. " Isabel, wife. Mason, Frank D., clerk, Water. " Lou, wife. " Gertrude. " Louis. Massey, S. Frank, sheet iron w^orker. High. " Isabella, wife. " Thomas E., R. R. employe. Maud C. LidaB. " Skiles F., stenographer. " Laura C, school, b S. Frank Masse}^ Massey, Irine E., b Elliott & Finley, High. Mattes, George, miner, Second. " Rosie, wife. " Velma. " Gezela. Mattes, George, miner. New Town. " Gertie, wife. McAlpin, Wesley B., boat clerk. High. " Katherine, wife. " Harry, college student. " Carl S., school. " Leta D., school. Brownsville Beer Bridgeport Director}^ 555 James H. Gray Water Street*, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE D -< McCann, Cyrel J., civil engineer, b Mrs. C. N. Amnion, Water. McCann, Howard, teamster. New Town. McCarthy, Robt. (col.), miner, b Sara E. Workman, Second. McChale, Michael, carpenter. New Town. Angle, wife. " Lilian A., school. " Marie A., school. Hazel L. McClair, A. E., structal iron worker, r Sarah Ghrist, Second. McClelland, Levi (col.), laborer, Cemetery Road. '■ Luvena, wife. " Anna M., school. McClung, civil engineer, b Penn Hotel. McCullough, Joseph (col.), hod carrier, b John H. Alexander, High. McCullough, Edward, R. R. engineer, Second. " Mrs. Edward, wile. " Edward, Jr. Earl. Roy. McCune, Margaret A., widow. High. " Jessie B. McDermott, John, laborer, b Tom Harden, Second. McDonough, Adam, clerk, b N. G. Craft, Second. McEllese, Rose, milliner, b J. Cavenaugh, Green Lane. McFadden, F. T., laborer, b A. E. Markley, Second. McGarvey, William, laborer, Water. " Maggie, wife. Annie M. Willie J. Mcintosh, Howard H., eng. brewery. Coal Road. " Sarah E., wife. Myrtle S. Mildred F. Mcintosh, Joseph, retired. Coal Road. B.„ p . IS IMON C5 ^ -5 70 o m o C/5 = O a (r 3 Qi C 3 a. t/) 'f >► n -H (/) C/) 556 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Dru^ Co. The Up-To-Date Drug Store. z ^ < y o zO -z c (D E < c o Mcintosh, Susan, wife. Isaac, laborer. Mcintosh, Frank, teamster. Coal Road. " Marv, wife. " Jane. " Elias, miner. " Albert, school. " Joseph, school. Mcintosh, J. Henry, laborer, Coal Road. '' Hannah, wife. " Arthur. ' ■ Frank. Mcintosh, M. Luther, fireman. Coal Road. " Jessie, wife. Nellie E. McKenna, Harry, bartender. Water. Mary, wife. AnnaM. " James. Thomas. McKennev, J. E., printer, High. " ' AHce E., wife. " Mattie B., telephone operator. " V. Kate, school. " Eugene K., school. McManus, Alice, servant, E. B. Gribble, Second. McQueen, J., structural iron worker, r Sarah Ghrist, Second. McQueen, W. L., structural iron worker, r Sarah Ghrist, Second. McQuiston, Ella M. (col.), b Jones Simpson, Hill. McWilliams, Effte A., domestic, James Reynolds, Water. Meridith, William, stationar}" engineer, b John Hard- ing, Second. Merry, Alfred, b H. H. Swineloe, High. Miles, A. D., shoemaker. Water. " Mary E., wife. BROWNSVILLE BEER FOR FAMILY USE. l^rid.yeporl Directory 557 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Miles, John v., laborer. George H., newsboy. Miller, Oliver, retired merchant, Mill. Anna, wife. Miller, Joseph D., carpenter. Water. " Cai lie L., wife. Miller, Caleb J., merchant, Second. " Hannah M., wife. " S. Clyde, clerk. " Edna M., college. Miller, Melissa, widow, b C. J. Miller, Second. Miller, Calvin H., minister. Union. Mary M., wife. " Dora I., school-teacher. Charles S., school. Miller, Mrs. James, widow, Second. Miller, Joe, carpenter, b F. L. McGee, Second. Miller, James, carpenter, b F. Carreon, Second. Milliken, Mary H., widow, Second. " Nellie E., stenographer. " William H., civil engineer. " Louise K., school. Milliken, Fred C, manager. Prospect. Ethel, wife. Fredrick C, Jr. MiUion, Borrow (col.), fireman, b Dave W^illis, Clover. Mills, Geo. A., laborer, b Mary Anderson, High. Minehart, Frank A., surveyor, High. " Carrie G., wife. Minehart, Samuel H., mgr. store. Bank. " Kate D., wife, storekeeper. " Holmes B., school. " George W., school. " William D., school. Minnie, Joe (col.), miner, b Geo. Hackett, Hill Road. Minor, John, laborer. Cemetery Road. " Louis, wife. " John W., teamster. C^ c^' P ^ a 5^ a- ;s ?^ CO ^ ^ ^ "^ ^ ^~* <::>- n ^>^ p <^ r-t ^ C/D • • Try Brownsville Beer 558 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. PRESCRIPTION SPECIALISTS. T^ Minor, Washington, teamster. Coal Road. \^j)j " Daisy, wife. ^r\ " Louise. M^^j Mitchell, M. C, restaurant keeper. High. ^sSv_>5 " Alice J., wife. •o • " Robert C, waiter. c • " William C, laundryman. " Rav K., college student. 3^ — OllieW., school. 1^ " Russell M., school. <;f M.CJr. —1 UJ Alice J. C^Q£ Mitchell, Joseph, painter. Mill. •s " Catherine, wife. ^ Eva. Mildred M. < " James, retired. Mofhtt, Albert C, R. R. conductor. Second. 1^ " Ltdu D., wife. ^ " W. Durbin, school. Moffttt, Virginia, b S. G. Krepps, Sr., Water. Moffitt, Ella, b S. G. Krepps, Sr., Water. Molton, Maud, domestic, L. C. Kenny, Angle. < Moore, George L., merchant. High. " Emily F., wife. " Charles L., civil engineer. E O EhshaB., school. Moore, Carl P., clerk. High. May, wife. Moore, Guv, clerk, High. " Etta, wife. ■^ Ellen. Moorehouse, Rosa S., b Jas. Stewart, Pearl. ^ Moorehouse, Edw. L., justice. High. Moriwick, Louis, miner, b Geo. Mattes, Second. Morrison, Ethington, engineer. Prospect. ^ufF%k Elizabeth, wife. >^^3 Morrock, Mike, miner. New Town. 5rownsvillc ^zzx IS PUR6. liridgeport Directory 559 James H. Gray Water Street», Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Morrock, Annie, wife. Moskosk}-, Frank, miner, Clover. Julia, wife. " Maggie. Mossett, Louisa (col.) widow, High and Angle. " Lorena A. " Georgia E. B. Mossett, Henry W. (col.), laborer, High. " Annie J., wife. " Oliver N., drug clerk. '' William S., laborer. Mountsier, C. J., laborer, Second. " Maggie, wife. " Harriett. Mull, Louis, miner. High. Haddie V., wife. " Frank. " Louis. Murphy, Robert, plasterer, Water. Murphy, John, plasterer, b John C. Springer. Murry, Geo. (col.), laborer, b V. Still, Green Lane. Neal, Francis, miner, b H. Windrow, Coal Road. Neal, Harris, miner, b H. Windrow, Coal Road. Neal, M. H., engineer. New Town. " Rosa, wife. " Hazel. " Esther. Nessell, J. B., com. agt., P. & L. E. R. R., b Penn'a Hotel. Newman, G. Henry, engineer. Water. " Bertha D., wife. S. Margaret. John H. Nimon, W^illiam C, machinist, Water. Elizabeth J., wife. Nissleton, Louis, b William LevA^ High. Noble, Linsey, carpenter, High. Nutt, Louisa, b Nancv M. Peirsel, High. q; -< (/I C/5 a 3 C/5 C/5 PUREST and BEST is . . . ffirowttiville ffiecr. 560 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Books and Stationery. T) • C • (D ■ DS bd C c c 1. ID (D (\) Q Q) U a c (0 E < c o O'Donnell. James M., miller, Second. Miranda D., wife. " Helen M., school. " Mary 1., school. " Louis B., school. " Florence J., school. Ehza F. " Annie M. Mildred A. O'Hara, William, barber, b W. T. Daugherty, Water. Oliver, Jennie M., b John W. Cock, High. Ontoleg'e, Mike, miner, b Geo. Mattes, Second. O'Rilev,' Charles, bricklayer, b Ceph Crawford, Water. Orr, Frank J., cooper, Water. " Harriett, wife. " Margerie W., school. " Robert S., school. Orr, J. K., civil engineer, b S. G. Krepps, Sr., Water. Palmer, W. L., stationary engineer, New Town. Elva, wife. " Pauline. Patterson, George (cob), porter, alley, bet. Wall and Broad. " Georgeanna, w'ife. " Charley, clerk. " Perry, school. " Mirtie, school. " Bessie. " Harry. Patterson, Wm.'(col.), miner, b John H. Alexander, High. Patton, J. H., revenue man, b S. B. Krepps, Jr.,Water. Patton, T. Howard, dentist, Water. Amelia, wife. Catherine. Pauch. Frank A., mer. tailor. Second. Pavne, Vernon (cob), miner, b Sarah E. Workman, Second. ^M Brownsville Beer Bridgeport Directory 561 James H. Gray Water Street. Bridgeport. Groceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE V -^ Pearl, David, barber, Prospect. Pearsall, Joseph H., weighniaster, Prospect. " Kate, wife. Harry, clerk R. R. office. " Florence E., school. " Lydia, school. " Katherine. Pearsall, Martha, widow, Water. " Walter T., bookkeeper. " D. Bert, college student. Daisy M. " Elzy, college student. Hazel E., school. Pearsall, Daniel H., coal merchant, Pearl. Matilda, wife. Minnie N. Pearson, Isaac (col.), laborer, b V. Still, Green Lane. Mary, wife. Peirsel, Nancy M., widow. High. Peirsel, Jennie, b N. M. Peirsel. Percy, James W., miner. Grant. " ' Mary A., wife. " M.Ida. Percy, Robert, laborer. Grant. " Matilda, wife. Percy, Michael, shipping clerk. Grant. " Margaret M., wife. " RuthN. Perry, Albert J., cigar maker. Clover. "' Ella J., wife. " Albert W. Perry, Walter A., traveling salesman. High Maggie J., wife. " Eunice E., school. " Maud S. J., school. " Mar}- D., school. Peyton, Ann (col.), widow, Clover. " Lillie J., servant. C^ '-f ^ p «-5 en TRY A CASE OF ^ Bro^vnsville Beer "^ 562 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug: Co. The Up-To-Date Drug Store. UQ£ Peyton, Arthur, school. " Lovd. Pevton, Wi'lUam (coL), cook, b EH Hilton, High. Peyton, Charles, laborer, High. " Mary, wife. " Russell, clerk. SudieM. Phillips, C. P., chief clerk. Union Station, Second. MattieE. Pierce, McClelland, employe flour mill, High. " Lucretia, wife. " Blanche. " Elgie C, school. " Ruth, school. Pierce, John, engineer. Coal Road. " Maggie, invalid. " Luther, R. R. fireman. Pierce, John, boss R. R., Bank. Pinrod, Henry, teamster, b John Harding, New Town. Poindexter, Harriett (col.) servant, Mary Woods, Prospect. Pollock, William, foreman, New Town. " Mary, wife. " Ralph, school. " Henry, school. Porter, Emma, seamstress, b Mary J. Crawford, Second. Porter, Caroline K., clerk, b Robert Buffington, Water. Povey, Joseph, miner, b Frank Moskosky, Clover. Powers, Thomas, boss stone mason, b S. H. Minehart, Bank. Price, William, structural iron worker, r Sarah Ghrist, Second. Price, Thomas, laborer, b Tom Hardin, Second. Pringle, Simon P., carpenter, R. R., High. " Maggie M., wife. " DixonC.W., school. ^BROWNSVILLE BEER ^ AT ALL HOTELS. Bridgeport Directory .■')C,3 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. Groceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE ^ r^ Pringle, Chris S., agt. Union Station, Arch. EHzabeth, wife. Pringle, Arthur, clerk, Water. " Gertrude, wife. " Howard. Prunty, William (col.), laborer, Water. " Jttlia, wife. " William, Jr., miner. " Harry, school. Pvle, Eliza J., widow. Coal Road. Ragar, Caroline, domestic, Harriett C. Krepps, AYater. Ramage, Wilber M., laborer, Prospect. Hattie, wife. AlmiraC. Rathmell, A. R., druggist. Second. Gertrude, wife. Walter S. John R. Rathmell, Thomas J., carpenter, Bank. " Jennie M., wife. Thomas S. " Virginia M. Frank L. Rathmell, George M., druggist. Bank. Ellen M., wife. " A. Elizabeth, school. Rathmell, John J., retired. Second. Annie M., wife. " Harvey C, laborer. Ravnsley, Emma, servant, R. L. Aubrey, Prospect. Redman, Ellis A., miner, Clover. Nancy, wife. " Clarence R. Reed, Mr., postal clerk, r Jas. H. League, Arch. Rex, Alexander, laborer. High. Reynolds, Louisa, servant, R. E. Doak, High. Reynolds, George, miner. High. " Jane, wife. o n CO < in 70 m C/5 3 C/5 Call for Brownsville Beer 564 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. Q • Z < (5 Z (!) z Z ir < < UJ Q. J Ill ir c E < c o Reynolds, Alvin. John. " Frank. Reynolds, Dawson, toll taker, Water. Alice, wife. Harry D. Reynolds, James, molder, Water. Catherine, wife. Julia. Sarah H. William H. " George. Rheingans, F. P., engineer, b S. H. Minehart, Bank. Rhoades, Louisa, widow. High. Richards, Alice, widow, Clover. Richey, Caroline S., boarding house. Second. Rickard, J. E., proprietor Bar House. " Maud, wife. " Pauline. " Lenora. Ridenour, William, machinist. New Town. Hettie E., wife. Paul W. Ringer, Daniel, laborer. New Town. Risbeck, Jas., Propr. Penn Hotel. Laura V., wife. John M., druggist, b Penn. Hotel. Frank P. S., b Penn. Hotel. Carl Aston, b Penn. Hotel. Ritz, John, clerk, Water. " Mrs. John, wife. " Harry, school. Roberts, Albert M., employe distillery. High. " Haddie,wife. Flo H., school. " Charley J., school. Grace A. Alice M. m: Brownsville Beer ^ IS UNION MADE. Bridgeport Directory 565 James H.Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE- Roberts, Albert R. Roberts, William J., clerk. Second. Mary A., wife. Roberts, Jasper, stone mason, Second. " Viola, wife. Robinson, D Fred, druggist. High. " Blanche, wife. " Havden D., school. " Margery. Robinson, Mrs. Carrie (col.), widow, 1) Samuel Thomas. Robinson, James, laborer, b H. Winnard, Coal Road. Robinson, Alex, (col.), laborer. Second. Emma, wife. Harry. Robinson, Moses (col.), miner. Second. " Sarah, wife. Carl. Lelian. Robinson, Owen P. (col.), cook, Clover. " Harriet, wife. " Fred, school. Roebottom, William, miner, b Frank Mcintosh, Coal Road. Rogers, Roland C, retired merchant. Bank. Ross, Joseph, R. R. boss, Clover. Rush, Ray. M'g'r pool room, b A.M. Sargent, Prospect. " Annie M., wife. Ryan, James, R. R. engineer, Grant. Eliza, wife. " Mildred. " Ruth. " Helen. Sabin, William, cemeterv sexton. Pearl. " Sarah, wife. " John T., plumber. Sargant, William, R. R. fireman, Fligh. NenieM.,wife. Sargant, A. M., liveryman. Prospect. '-t r^- P ■Si i-t ^ ^^i ^:^ )^-- r^ rt ^ C/5 Brownsville Rccr for Family Use 566 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Books and Stationery. ^cc Sargant, Ella V., wife. Sargent, Charles F., R. R. fireman, New Town. " Alice, wife. Sawyer, Charles K., laborer, Second. Lizzie W., wife, dressmaker. " Charles C. Schmelco, Julie, domestic, Thomas Thompson, Water. Schnee, F. E., clerk, Water. " Elizabeth, wife. Robert B. Schroder, Charles, b Bar House. Schultz, Joe, barber, b W. T. Daugherty, Water. Scott, Mehssa C, milliner, High. Scott, Irvin, R. R. boss, b Mrs. Hamilton, Second. Scott, Wm. (col.), laborer, b Alex. Robinson, Second. Secrest, Lavina, widow. Hill. Secrest, George, fireman, Water. " Laura B., wife. " Robert, school. " Holmes, school. " Blanche. Seese, MoUie, domestic, James I. Thornton, Grant. Sestito, James, R. R. laborer, b Joe Ross, Pearl. Shaffer, Phoebe, widow. Prospect. " Louella, bookkeeper. " William, stationary engineer. " Rella, school. Shallenberger, W. Lee, carpenter. Second. " Pearl E., wife. Fredrick L. Shallenberger, EH F., Gov. storekeeper, AVater. " Anna J., wife. " Nora E., dressmaker. " Sara A., dressmaker. " Louis B., carpenter. Shallenberger, Walter, carpenter. Second. " Jessie, wife. t2 'Ti)TO>30TVsm\U "Beev Bri(l!L,re])ort Directory 567 James H. Gray Water Street*, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Shallenberger, Elizabeth, widow, 1) Ed. Crawford, Water. Shank, Harry, train master, Mon. R. R., Second. " Clara, wife. " Edna. Shanta, John, miner, b Geo. Mattes, Second. Sharpneck, Thomas A., furniture dealer. Second. " Mary L., wife. Bertha C. " Clarence B., school. Sheets, Luther, carpenter, Second. Lyda, wife. " Jessie. Alfred. " Ella. Sheldon, Isaac, miner, Second. '' Elizabeth, wife. Shelton, Mrs. Geo. B., widow. Light Lane. " Geo. A., plumber. " Reymond L. " Maggie L Hubert J. Shoemaker, Mahala, widow. Coal Road. Cora. " Samuel. " Lizzie. Willie. Walter. Martha. Shook, Frank S., R. R. frt. conductor. High. " Catherine, wife. " Margaret. Short, DeWitt, bai'ber. Water. " Matilda E., wife. " Clarence E. Shriver, Levi, miller. Union. Matilda W., wife. Nellie M. Qi Qi C/) C/5 H C/5 Brownsville Beer is Bure. 568 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong^ Drug: Co, The Up-To-Date Drug Store. Q Z < z z z 01 < < llJ Q. J UJ q: c (0 E < £ O Shriver, William S., clerk. " Georgie, wife. Shroe, Charles N., clerk, Water. Simpson, Wallace (col.). Cemetery Road. " Annie. " Harry. Simpson, John W. (col.), laborer. Pearl. " Sara V., wife. " Edward, school. " Miller A., school. " Wendel R., school. Simpson, Gilbert (col.), laborer, b Emma J. Butler Cemetery Road. Simpson, Gilbert (col.), barber. Cemetery Road. " Lucy, wife. " Bertella. " Emma, James M. (col.), barber, b Miss King, Hill. Elizabeth K., wife. James R., flagman. Water. Fannie E., wife. Smalladonai, Anna, servant, Morris Levey, Water. Smalley, Isaac J., painter, r C. J. Miller, Second. Smith, John (col.), shaft digger, High. " Mary, wife. " Roy, teamster. Smith, Mr., engineer Peoples Coal Co., b Bar House. Smith, Jos. G., conductor. Prospect. Sarah, wife. Harold E. " Margaret C. Smith, William, miner, Light Lane. " Annie, wife. " Jennie. " lean. Marie. William G. Thomas R. Simpson, Sincernev, Purest and Best is . . . RROWNSVILLE BEER. Bridgeport Directory 569 J ames H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Smith, Martha, domestic, T. A. Jeffries, Second Smith, Rollev, laborer. Second. a EUzabeth. tl Espy. " Harrold. " Cecil W. Smith, Alfred C, physician, High. Wavosia H., wife. a Arthur B., school. u Clyde F., school. Smith, L. E., blacksmith. Prospect. " Jennie M., wife. li James C, civil engineer. " E. Ray, laborer. Emma P., school. Jessie A., school. Smith, Robert W., school, b Jas. H. League, Arch. Smith, Samuel, miner, Second. Sally, wife. " Helen J., school. " James H. Smith, W. Atchison, civil engineer, b Mrs. C. N. Amnion, Water. Smothers, John (col.), laborer, b B. H. Arnett, Clover. Smothers, Emma (col.), housekeeper, V. vStill, Green Lane. Clifford. A " Schadrach S. Meshack D. Mildred. Snowdon, Nellie, domestic, Ed Taylor, Second. Sn3'der, J. S., principal Bridgeport schools, b Penn'a Hotel. Sorrell, Thomas A. (col.), shoemaker. High. " Mary J., wife. " Charles, barber. " John, laborer. " Sheriden. O O) ti en a orq ^ «^ r-t- ^ri^Brownsville Beer. 570 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. ^ Q£ Speer, Margaret, widow, Prospect. " Edwin, mining engineer. Spence, M. B., carpenter, b S. G. Krepps, Water. Spence, C. L., carpenter, b S. G. Krepps, Water. Springer, Frank, civil engineer, b Peter Syphers, Second. Springer, John C, laborer. Second. " Agnes, wife. " Lawson, clerk. Springer, Arch W., paper hanger. Second. " Mary A., wife. " Wallace C.-, school. Myrtle G., school. " William R., school. Nellie F., school. Ruth. Springer, John M., clerk. Angle. " Mary, wife. Ellen. " Anna. Paul. Charles. Springer, J. O., clerk, Second. " Lucy, wife. " Emma M. Springer, George W., merchant. Water. Ellen, wife. " Fred C, clerk. George, Jr., paper hanger. " Bessie. Springer, Sara A., widow. Water. J. Miller, tinner. Staples, J. Howard, laborer. Light Lane. Alice E., wife. Evelyn D. " Gertrude C. Steele, Samuel S., laborer, Second. " Olive M., wife. TRY A case: or ^ :55rown6villc iBccr ^ Bridgeport Directory 571 James H. Gray Water Street., Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Steele, Sara E., school. " Alice B., school. " Jane B., school. " Nelson W. Stephenson, Robert, miner, High. Matilda. " George, miner. " James, miner. " Andrew. " Margaret. " Jane. Stewart, George A., apprentice, b Vernon's, High. Stewart, Robert J., plumber, High. " Margaret E., wife. " Mamie L. " Velma L. Stewart, James, retired. Pearl. " Rose, housekeeper. " Fred, harness maker. Stewart, Mercia, b W. V. Winans, High. Stewart, Frank R., b W. V. Winans, High. Stewart, George L., painter, Light Lane. " Mary E., wife. Hazel D. Flo. " Mary A. Still, Vincent W. (col.), miner. Green Lane. Stivenson, J. Chas., cooper, Second. " M. Josephine, wife. " Joseph C, school. Stokes, Albert (col.), tunnel worker. High. Delia, wife. Viola. " Raymond. Storey, Sallie H., widow. High. Earl. Strathers, Fred, bookkeeper, b Sarah Ghrist, Second Striblin, Witliam (col.), cook. Water. n O n a C/5 3 C/5 > H C/) Try Brownsville Beer. 19 572 Bridgeport Directory ^9 M^< Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. Striblin, Maud, wife. " Bernice. Strickler, Lee, cook. Hill Road. Mary. Floyd. Strye, Albert, blacksmith. Second. " Pearl M., wife. Stubbs, Charles W., foreman at brewery, b Penn. Hotel. Sturgis, meat market, b Mary J. Crawford, Second. Sullivan, William J., clerk, Mon. R. R., Water. Swager, James, laborer. New Town. " Lucretia, wife. " Olive, school. " James O. Leslie C. Alice " MazieM., school. Floyd P., school. Swager, Reymond S., laborer. New Town. Swager, Charles B., laborer, b Tom Harden, Second. Swager, Charles, laborer, b Tom Harden, Second. Swan, Mrs. William, widow, Prospect. " Margaret. Swan, Elma, widow. Prospect. " Alford F., farmer. " Elizabeth P. " Susan E . " Ruth A. Swinelar, H. H., mail clerk. High. " Lottie, wife. Syphers, Peter, stable boss. Second. " Emma R., wife. Syphers, William S., mate on boat. " Ella, wife. " Louisa. Tavlor, Loudonna, clerk, b J. Percy Hart, vSecond. Brownsville Beer IS Pure Bridgeport Directory 573 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Taylor, James R., teller National Deposit Bank, r Robt. Graham, High. Taylor, Edward, life insurance agt.. Second. " Eliza, wife. Alice. Taylor, R. W., civil engineer, P. R. R., Second. " Sarah, wife. Elizabeth. Evelyn. Terra, Joseph, R. R. laborer. Pearl. Theakston, Frank, jeweler, b Bar House. Thomas, Samuel (col.), laborer. High. " Margaret, wife. Thomas, Mike, miner, New Town. Thomas, Evans, laborer. Second. '' Bessie, wife. " Margaret. Thomas, John S., laborer, b Tom Harden, Second. Thompson, John, constable, High. " Sarah E., wife. Cora. John A., Chester F. Mary. Thompson, H. G., R. R. baggage master, b W. S. Garrett, High. Thompson, George D., gent., Second. " Mary E., wife. Thompson, Thomas H., retired, Water. " Olive D., wife. " Samuel J. Ruth. T. Ross. Thompson, Robert W., farmer, b Barr House, Water. Thornberg, George, carpenter, Pearl. Thornton, Charles A., pop mfg.. Water. Eunice T., wife. Thornton, James I., pop mfg., Grant. CD C/5 3 Q. C/5 Purest and BrowHsville Bccr. Best IS . . . ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 574 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Boobs and Stationery. < o z I— ( H < Z o Thornton, James B., pop mfg. Dewayne. Mamie. Tilghman, Jane (col.), widow, High. " George, teamster. High. Tilghman, B. R. A., cook, b Jas, Black, Second. Todd, William, mail clerk. Second. " Margaret C, wife. " Carrie A. " Bracken C. " Louise H. Tot, John, miner, b Frank Moskosky, Clover. Troy, R. A., R. R. sec. foreman. Angle. " Lizzie, wife. " William B. " Edward P. " MaryL Turner, J. H., photographer, b Frank Adams, Water. Turrell, W. H. (col.), laborer, b Alex Robinson, Second. Ulery, Sarah A., servant, Mary Bulger, Bank. Underwood, Mrs. E., housekeeper. Race. " Rebecca, domestic. " Harry, school. " Elliott, school. " Robert. Vangilder, Wilham K., tailor, r Mary J. Crawford, Second. Vaughey, Adam, miner. New Town. Vernon, Elizabeth, housekeeper. High. " Mary L., housekeeper. " Rebecca J. Victor, Anna, housekeeper, b Victor Jones, Prospect. Vogt, John, baker, Green Lane. " Josephine, wife. " Josephine B. " John J Volalik, Andy, miner, b Geo. Mattes, Secono. ^^^"^^ Brownsville Beer. Bridgeport Directory 575 James H. Gray Water Streets, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Vorhes, Charles H., tinner, Water. " Annie, wife. Waggoner, Levi C, contractor. Prospect. '' Ella A., wife. " Leroy C, medical student. " Carrie E., college. Nellie B., school. Waggoner, Thomas A., teller Monongahela Nat. Bank, Water. " Elizabeth, wife. Mildred. Walker, Joseph, coal hauler, Second. Ruth. wife. Wallace, William, brakeman, P., V. & C, r Robt. Buffi ngton, Water. Walters, Delacy, laborer. Clover. " Caroline L., wife. WilHamE. Albert C. Walters, Charles E., carpenter. Cemetery Road. " Marv. wife. PerieV. Warner, George B. (col.), laborer, b Mrs. Mossett, High. Washington, Frank (col.), laborer, b Mrs. Hamilton, Second. Watson, Wessie, servant, Chris. S. Pringle, Arch. Weston, O. L., bookkeeper. Second. " Anna, wife. Floral. Leliah D. Carrol J. Frank R. Weston, William, stone mason, b O. L.Weston. Second. Whetsall, Stephen A., coal miner, Bank. Mary G., wife. " Andrew J., miner. " Elvin, miner. o -n n X O m o C/) (^ n t Oi C/) 3 Si Q. 3 a Cr*5 — 1 S Qi m 2! > V) C/J Try a Case of O ,ii "D = DrownsviUe D eer. 576 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong: Drug: Co. The Up-To-Date Drug Store. •^ Whetsall, Louis, school. " George B., school. " John W., school. Whetsall, Stephen, hivalid, b S. A. Whetsall, Bank. " Jane, wife. Whetsell, Rella, with Lavina Secrest, Bank. Whetzell, Maud, b George Secrest, Water. Whoolery, Robert J., expressman. Bank. " ^ LettieR., wife. Wick, Wilham F., miller, Water. " Sara E., wife. " Charles, laborer. " Jessie E., school. " Bert S. Wilkins, William, miner, b Rob. Stephenson, High. Wilkinson, W. H., engineer Mon. Crane No. 1. Wilhams, Frank C, pilot. Second. " Beryl A., wife. " Ada v., school. * Rilev D., school. Frank. Williams, Thomas, eng. work train, Second. " Ida, wife. " Francis C, school. Novella. Williams, Francis M., restaurant. High. Mary, wife. Willis, Wm., cooper, b Thomas Williams, Second. Willis, Pearl, b F. Corwin, Second. Wilson, Esther, b Victor Jones, Prospect. Wilson, Oliver M., laborer. Race. Martha A., wife. Wilson, Wesley (col.), porter. Race. " Mattie, wife. • " Emmett, school. " Wilbur, school. Olive. Wilson, Charles, asst. civil eng'r, b S. G. Krepps, Water. Brownsville Beer ^ho! tels^ l?ri(lgeport Directory 577 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. Groceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE V v Wilson, John D., tobacco store, Mill. " Annie, wife. Wilson, Esther, widow, b John D. Wilson, Mill. Wilson, Samuel B., teamster, Grant. " Flora, wife. " Charles G. " Etheline. " Dearth. Wilyard, Katherine, servant, Wm. Burton, Bank. Winans, W. V., manager Ph. Hamburger Distilling Co., High. " Sarah L., wife. Winnard, Horatio, miner. Coal Road. " Annie, wife. William. " Emma. " George. Edith. " Annie. " Henrietta. Robert. " Horatio, Jr. " Joseph. Winn, Mary J., widow. Second. Winn, Wm., b Mary J. Winn, Second. Witt, Charles (col.)', laborer. Hill. " Florence, wife. Wolford, George, miller, Coal Road. " M.Etta, wife. Sarah N. " Charles, eng. mill. Wood, Harry O., millwright, Light Lane. " Jane F., wife. " Clarence E. " Tillies. " Helen. " William H. " Elmer. CALL C5 n O o n Qi (/5 S 0) a. 3 Q. C/3 ■^ > rD r- ;fi H ^ Qi m O* > ft -H (T (/) C/5 FOR^ BROWNSVILLE BEER, 578 Bridgeport Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. -0 c (6 y y ^ ■op C •W4 u c •^ A a a a> o U d ^ Wood, Leliah. Wood, Mary G., housekeeper, Prospect. Wood, Aaron, carpenter. High. Woods, Albert B., laborer, b G. P. Donaldson, Water. Woodward, Allen, stone mason. Second. " Annie, wife. Worcester, J. Thomas, engineer, Union. " Rhoda A., wife. " Walter, school. Melvin. Worcester, Samuel T., carpenter, Water. " Henrietta, wife. " T. Clyde, policeman. " Harvey G., barber. " Robert P., clerk postofhce. " Margaret L. Workman, Sara E. (col.), boarding house. Second. Worrell, Mrs. E. D., dry goods. Second. Wright, Nancy, widow. High. " William D., mgr. marble works. " Moses B., marble cutter. • " Nannie, school. Wright, Charles D., stonecutter, Water. " Elizabeth, wife. Joseph F. Wright, William, laborer, b Ed Taylor, Second. Wright, Plavford, school, b John Pierce, Coal Road. Wright, John A., marble cutter. Water. M. Belle, wife. Yarsh, Steve, miner, New Town. Yates, John H. (col.), laborer, b Jas. Black, Second. Yockiskan, James, section hand. Second. " Sara, wife. Yost, John, carpenter, b John Harding, Second. Young, Robinson (col.), doctor, Hill. " Martha, wife. Zever, Joseph, miner, b Frank Moskosky, Clover. Brownsville Beer if, Union Made West Brovvn.sville Directory 579 James H. Gray Groceries-^ y PROVISIONS anri Water Street, Bridgeport. || PROVISIONS and PRODUCE -V ^ Adams, Mrs. Sarah, widow, Main. " Samuel, engineer. Arthur, T. H., miner, b M. J. McCafferty, Main. Atkins, Herbert, telegraph operator. Middle. Emma B., wife. " Athalia. " Virginia. Aubrey, John, carpenter, Main. " Anna E., wife. Aubrey, Samuel, flagman, Libertv. " ^ Mabel, wife. Axton, Andrew, boat builder. Bridge. Sarah, wife. " Thomas A., boat builder. Effie B. Axton, M. E., milliner. Main. Bailey, Wm., brakeman, b W. H. Cunningham, Main. Bair, D. S., lineman, Main. " Percy W., school. " Marcella, school. " Eliza, mother, widow. Baird, Edward, R. R. engineer. Main. " Jane, wife. " Harry, R. R. flagman. " Ada, wife. " Grace, school. " Edith, school. " Bertha, school. "X Directory of the I hree 1 owns jd WEST BROWNSVILLE ^ o ^ ■^ ?0 o m o C/5 ffi =C fD a C/) 3 a fi. 3 S. C/) ^ >- (Tt r~ (fi H 05 (-h ^ a m 2 > (15 C/5 Brownsville Beer T?*" ^^amiiy ^^^^^^^^^^^= Use 580 West Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Boo/ts and Stationery. Baird, Raymond, school. Bakewell, Chris, retired, Middle. " Josephine, wife. " Frank S., school. Bakewell, Joseph, bartender. Middle. " Nannie, wife. " Freda, school. " Josephine, school. " Ernest. " Edward. Bakewell, Sarah, widow, Water. " John L., nigr. of Packet Co. " Elizabeth M., school-teacher. Baldwin, Chas., freight conductor, Water. " Agnes, wife. " Chas., Jr., brakeman R. R. Baldwin, Annie. Main. Bamford, Joseph, R. R. brakeman. Main. " Bessie, wife. " Raymond A., school. Basic, Paul, laborer, Water. " Elizabeth, wife. "Bevard, Thomas, High and Vine. " Lettia, wife. Helen. " John, laborer. ■* Alice, school. " Eva, school. " Freda, school. " Mamie. Bevard, Earl, miner. High and Vine. " Ella, wife. Robert. Binns, Mrs. E. C, widow, Main. ' Bolev, Mrs. Belle, widow, Main. Booth, Edward, flagman, b Jas. Marker, Sr., Main. Brenton, Mrs. Jane, widow, Main. " James, R. R. engineer. Try^^ Brownsville Beer ■^Vest Urownsxille Directory 581 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Brenton, William, butcher. " Emily, clerk. " Elizabeth. Brenton, J. P., butcher, Main. '' Lena, wife. " Everett. " Bessie. " Virginia. " Robert Clayton. Brenton, Henry, engineer. Main. " Jessie, wife. Velma. Helen. Bright, Ch'de S., flagman, b Mrs. Anna Lopp, Main. Sadie, wife. " Charlotte Ann. Britton, Geo., engineer. Main. " Nellie, school-teacher. " Katherine. " Georgia, school-teacher. Brock, Geo., constable, b Ella Moffitt, Main. Brown, Nellie, b E. B. Miller, Main. Brown, Joseph, R. R. employe. Main. Minnie, wife. " Clara. Brown, baggage master, b Mrs. Dales. Brundege, Grant, miner, b Thomas Cross, Main. Bucev, John, carpenter, b Sallie McAndrew, Main. Byland, Norman, engineer, Main. " Virginia, wife. Nellie " Algernon. Curtis. Byland, Rob't, proprietor Atwood Hotel, Bridge. Carlson, Mrs. M. C, widow, Main. Clifford, school. Carmack, Oliver K., storekeeper. Bridge. " Cora, wife. Dk) o o o CO o (/i -i 3" CO ^ 3 03 O- s Q. c/> P9 <• CD i-H (O CD ^ fu CD 5J- c/> 3 a a. 3 a. (x '^ >■ fD r- ;a -H rt c* ^ S. m O" > o — 1 (i5 • C/3 • B-ii P . IS UNION 588 West Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong- Drug Co, The Up-To-Date Drug Store. z ^ < y Jones, Mary, wife. ^ 1 Kaufman, Earl, R. R. employee, Main. Kaufman, John, R. R. engineer, Main. " Luda, wife. Charles. o Kay, John, mine foreman, Water. EPAIRING Sarah, wife. " George, school. " Mary, school. " Wm., school. Kress, Harry, conductor. Main. May, wife. " Margaret, school. " Ehzabeth. Kress, John, engineer. Main. Ufi^ Clara, wife. " Emily. ■% Labva, John, miner, b John Lacotta, Main. C Lacotta, John, Sr., miner. Main. " Julia, wife. OS John, Jr. " Joe, school. c David. SI Paul. ^ Lambert, Edna, clerk. Main. Lanning, Miss Kate, dressmaker, with Annie Aubrev, _^^ Main. a Lansberry, W. B., train dispatcher, Mon., Main. ^^ " JuhaE.,wife. Leonard, John, conductor. Main. c Nelhe, wife. " Eva, school. £ " Harvey, school. " Harry, school. o , Lesson, John, miner. Water. ' " Annie, wife. "^ " Katie, school. BROWNSVILLE BEER FOR FAMILY USE. West Brownsville Directory o89 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Lesson, John. :' Joe. Lillie, George, sewer contractor, Water. " Martha, wife. " Frank, laborer. " Lilhe. " Lizzie. " Wilham. " Ruth. Liston, Wm., conductor. Main. " Jane, wife. " Marian. Livingstone, Roy, fireman, b John Garwood, Main. Long, T. D., R. R. fii-eman. Main. " Kate, wife. " Isabel. Lopp, Paul, carpenter. Main. " Ellen, wife. Lopp, Mrs. Ann, widow. Main. " Charley, school. " Jessie, school. ■ " Walter. Loub, Will, engineer, b Mrs. McClain, Main. Louks, Charles, painter, b Mrs. McClain, Main. Lowstetter, Wm., R. R. conductor. Main. " Bertha, wife. Marison, Alex, laborer, b Mr. Furgeson, Main. Marker, James, Sr., butcher. Main. " Annie, wife. " Josephine. Opheha. " Tames, Jr., school. " Pricilla.' Marker, George, R. R. fireman. Bridge. " Grace, wife. Marker, Samuel, carpenter, Water. " Susan, wife. ^^- a P t-3 C/D Try Brownsville Beer 590 West Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. PRESCRIPTION SPECIALISTS. 7M Marker, Frank, steamboat captain, Water. " Nannie, wife. ^ Irine. Wilber. Marshall, E. T., carpenter, Water. ■o • " Martha, wife. c * " Harry, laborer. ^i Martin, Mrs. N.'R., b. S. Williams, Main. ^5 " Walter, engineer. " Grace. McAlister, Edgar, conductor. Main. !uuj " Sadie, wife. <^£e: Edith, school. r^ McAndrews, Sallie, widow, Main. z < " Margaret, clerk. " William, fireman. " Harry, school. " Edith, school. ^ McCafferty, M. J., miner. Main. " ' Mattie F., wife McCann, J. Otis, clerk, b J. N. Starr, Main. J Myrtle, wife. McClain, Newton C, carpenter. Main. < " Nannie, wife. " Anna G., school. Z McClain, Mrs. L., Main. " Miss E., dressmaker. E McClelland, Charles, R. R. employe. Bridge. " Katherine, wife. O McCoy, Maggie, Main. " Minerva, tailoress. McCune, James, electrician, b Mrs. McCarston, Main. ■vsc-*^ McDonough, Lavton, flagman, Main. . t\ Clara, wife. WavneA. McGill, Martin, grocer. Main. 4jJ " Sarah A., wife. 5rownsville ^zzx IS P0R6. West I^rovvnsville Directory 591 James H. Gray Water Street., Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE McGill, Denny, school. McKenna, Clyde, R. R. brakeman, Water. Maud, wife. Edith, school. David. McKenn3% Haddie, Main. McKenny, John H., Jr., flagman, Main. Albert, R. R. employee. JohnH. " Rebecca, wife. McKenny, W. R., brakeman, b J. M. Fulton, Main. McKinley, Robert, retired. Water. " Ziliah, wife. " George C, riverman. " Annie, maiden. " Sarah E., maiden. McMullen, Ollie, engineer, Main. Leona, wife. Mike, Miss Mary, b M. J. Chew, Main. Mincks.Mrs. Mary Jane, widow. Main. Etta, dressmaker. " Anna, clerk. " Charley, R. R. employe. Mof^tt, Mrs. Ella, widow, Main. " Henry B., R. R. employe. Moffitt, Thomas H., carriage maker. Main. " Louisa, wife. " Wilbur S., engineer. " Louise. " Adalaide, school. Mofhtt, j. Bennett, postmaster, b Thos. H. Moffitt, Main. Moffitt, Byron, carpenter. Water. Ella, wife. " Walter, laborer. "• Eff^e. " Berd:a. " Louie. < o C/5 Qi 3 C/5 C/5 PUREST an^ BEST is . . . ffirownsville Seen 592 West Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Booiis and Stationery. T) 1 Moffitt, Addie. C , Morgan, Calvin, conductor. Main. Martha, wife. (D . " Dudley, school. Wm. J. B., school. QD cm Elsie M. Morris, Ellis, superintendent. Main. C c Lizzie, wife. — Virginia, school. c L. " Walter, school. '(D Q Morris Henry, engineer, b M. E. iVxton. Main. Mundell, Earl, teamster, b Sarah Adams, Main. 0) Nearhoff, Andrew, R. R. engineer, Main. Q) M. A., wife. ^~ " Laura. u d NichoUs, Chris, R. R. employe. Main. Etta, wife. " Leona, school. c" Willie, school'. " George. m " Amanda. Nicholls, Rachel, widow, Water. f- Wm. R., R. R. flagman. Water. P- Orchard, Geo., boiler maker, b Mrs. Ella Hays, Main. ^ " Lena, wife. ^ " Viola. " John, machinist. ^>< O'Rouke, John, engineer, b John Starr, Main. ^ Pall ant, James, fireman, Main. Mrs. 0.. wife. Pastorius, Wm., carpenter. Main. c " Sarah, wife. " Robert, flagman. £ Nellie. " Letta. o " Howard, school. " Richard, school. "^ Willie. ^S Brownsville Beer West Brownsville Directory 593 James H. Gray Water Street. Bridgeport. Groceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE v* V Patterson, Celia A., dressmaker, Main. Patterson, David, engineer. Main. " Agnes, wile. William R. Patterson, Finley, carpenter. Main. Clementine, wife. Amy E. Patterson, Carl, painter. Water. " Annie, wife. " Howard C. Patterson, W. D., R. R. engineer, Water. " Ella, wife. " Margaret, school. Boyd. Patton, Jas. S., tippleman, Main. " A. G., wife. Wilda G., school. Elizabeth F. Patton, Anna A., widow. Main. Pfeiffer, C. C, glass worker. Main. Phelph, Morris M., R. R. freight conductor, Water. " Margaret, wife. " Cicero L., schooh " Morris M., Jr., school. Leslie D. Phillips, Chas., R. R. fireman, Main. " Jennie, wife. Earl. Pitts, Robert B., brakeman, Main " Daisy, wife. Pomeroy, Abner, coal hauler, Main. " Belle, wife. " Walter, laborer. Porter, H. D., carpenter. Main. Lizzie, wife. " Annie, school-teacher. " Clifford, bookkeeper. Porter, Wm., hostler, Main. t-5 C/5 TRY A CASE OF ^ Bro^vnsville Beer ^ 594 West Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong: Drug: Co. The Up-To-Date Drug Store. Z < < z E O .am. Porter, Ella, wife. Blanche. Walter, carpenter. Raymond, carpenter. Henry, engineer. George, R. R. employe. " Ruth, school. " John. Pringle, J. D. S., justice of peace, Cornelia D., wife. " James Blaine, R. R. employe. " Lester, R. R. employe. Pringle, Ann, dressmaker. Main. " Isabel, dressmaker. Province, David J., prop. Hotel Aubrey, Bridge. " Margaret K., wife. Fred C, clerk. J. A. " Wanda, David J., Jr. G. W. Ptirsglove, David, R. R. emiiloye. Main. Mrs. M., wife. Willie. Pursglove, Wm. J., fireman. Main. '' Louisa A., wife. " Lawrence. Rager, Alex, miner, W^ater. .Julia, wife. Rasko, Steve, Sr., miner. Main. " Lizzie, wife. " Marv, school. " Steve, Jr. " August Victoria. " Lizzie. Reese, Geo. A., brakeman, Water. " Sarah, wife. " LeonaM., clerk. ^BROWNSVILLE BEER ^ AT ALL HOTELS. West Brownsville Direclorv 595 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. roceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE "v r^ Reese, Edgar L., railroader. '' Isabel, school. " Stacy I., school. " Sarah J., school. " LilHe. " George, Jr. Roberts, Albert, brakeman, b Jas. Marker, Sr., Main. Rohrback, M. P., foreman, Main. " Alberta, wife. " Harry, school. " Ellis, clerk. Rowe, Gordon, miner, b Thos. Cross, Main. Ryan, Jonathan, carpenter, Main. " Mrs. Jonathan, wife. " Cora. Sadler. Wm. E., engineer. Main. " Sabina, wife. Harry E. Sakovitch, Frank, miner, Main. " Marv,wife. Mary. Sargent, L. N., R. R. employe. Main. " Gertrude. Elda. " Martha, school. Schmidt, Henry, cooper, Main. " Anna, wife. John. Seeley, Michael, R. R. laborer, Water. " Rosa, wife. " James, school. " Katie. Sellars, Harry, flagman, b Jas. Marker, Main. Shogry, Mike, canvasser, b Mrs. Ella Hays, Main. Shopard, Leon, flagman, b Jas. Marker, Main. Sincerney, Geo., R. R. conductor. Middle. " Laura, wife. " George A., Jr., school. C/5 Call for Brownsville Beer 596 West Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. Q ' Z < z z z (T < < LJ Q. J UJ q: (U E < c o Sincernev, William W., school. " ^ Nellie M. Ruth G. Smalley, A. J., Main. " Anna, wife. " Carrie, school-teacher. Smith, J. B., laborer, b M. C. Clouse, Main. Smith, John E., miner, b Wm. Edwards, Main. Smith, Wm. A., watchman, Main. " Pearl. Smith, Jas. C, grocer. Middle. Mvrtle, wife. J.'Willard. S. Mehssa. Smith, Sarah, widow, Water. Snvder, Wm. H., Sr., carpenter, Main. Belle E., wife. " Louis F. WiniamH.,Jr. Warren C. Spengler, Harry, express messenger, b M. E. Axton, Main. Stapleton, John, niiner, Main. Mary, wife. " Howard, school. " Ida, school. " Clyde, school. " Harry. Starr, J. N., retired. Main. " Margaret, wife. Starr, Geo., conductor, Main. " Ivy, wife. " Norman. Starr, John T., riverman, Main. " Annie E., wife. " AHce A. Starr, A. A., carpenter. Main. " MarvE.,wife. ^ Brovi^nsville Beer ^ IS UNION MADE. West Brcnvnsvi'.k- Directory 597 James H.Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Starr, James, grocer, Main. " Lillian, wife. Statliam, Geo., engineer, Water. " Elizabeth, wife. • " Nellie M., school. Statham, John, fire boss, mine, Water. " Martha, wife. Stein, Frank W., R. R., l)rakeman. Water. " Mamie, wife. Storer, Gertrude, Main. " Sarah, school. " Blanche, school. " Martin. Thomas. Suter, Mrs. E. C, widow, grocer. Main. Swards, L., laborer, b T. D. Long, Main. Taylor, John W., fireman, Main. " Lizzie, wife. " Dearth, school. " Edward, school. " Irene, school. " James D. " Catherine. Taylor, James W., car inspector, Main. " Nan, wife. " Eva, school. Theakston, Samuel K., conductor. Main. " Cora, wife. " Anna May. Theakston, W. L., teamster. Main. " Lenora, wife. Townsman, Mr., fireman, b Norman Byland, Main. Trader, E. H., expressman, b M. E. Axton, Main. TroY, David, supervisor on R. R., Water. " Ellen, wife. " Norman, clerk. " Walter, school. " Margaret, school. C) ^ ^ '-t an ^wi r^' P «^, :3 5^ Ci- Ni St_ CO ,^ rt 0^ 2 to C/3 Brownsville Beer J^r Famiivj ^ Use 598 West Brownsville Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, BooliS and Stationery. = Q£ Troy, Carl, school. " James. Vanriper, J. O., miner, Water. " Ellen, wife. " Margaret, school. " Sarah, school. " Ellen, school. " Hugh, school. Lillie. " Jennie. " Arlanda. Victor, W. P., contractor, Main. " Margaret, wife. Ward, Willimore, flagman. Main. " Mary Ella, wife. " Hannah Louise, school. " Anna Elizabeth. " Arthur F. Wardy, John, miner. Main. " Susa, wife. " Julia. " Joe. Watkins, R. H., tinner, Main. Mrs. F. A., wife. Weaver, Anna Elizabeth, widow. Main. Wells, E. B., baker, Main. " Mrs. E. B., wife. " Boyd, school. Wells, Harry, teamster, b E. B. Wells. Wilkins, R. W., carpenter, Main. Mrs. L. A., wife. Harry E. Edgar E. WihiamH. Williams, S., retired, Main. " Miss Kate. " Miss Louise. Williams, James, grocer, Broadway and Main. ti "BTo^soTvsmVU 'B^et West Brownsville Directory 599 James H. Gray Water Streets, Bridgeport.. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE Williams, Ellen, wife. " Bessie, school-teacher. Williams, Mary Jane, widow, Main. Williams, Thomas, teamster, b Joe Bakewell, Middle. Wilson, Robert, miner, b David Furgeson, Water. Wolford, Homer, bookkeeper. Main. " Minnie, wife. Young, Geo. H., conductor, Main. Mrs. E. v., wife. " Luetta, stenographer. Young, Frank, conductor. Main. Mrs. M. C, wife. " Pearl. " Lizzie. " Nelhe. Zalva, John, miner, b John Lacotta, Main. C5 -n n ?0 O m o C/5 o Q; C/5 3 01 Q. 3 a C/5 ^ > O r- go ■H 2 D m > CT C/5 Brownsville Beer Is Bure. 600 Business Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug: Co, The Up-To-Date Drug Store. z < z z z q: < < UJ Q. J Ill (£ c (0 < Business Directory of the Three Towns. AGENTS— INSURANCE. Jeffries, T. A., High st., Bridgeport. Lenhart, Geo. W., & Son, P. O. Bldg., Brownsville. Snowdon, J. H., P. O. Bldg., Brownsville. Taylor, Edward, Monongahela Nat. Bank Bldg., Brownsville. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. Moore, Geo. L., Water St., Bridgeport. ARCHITECTS. Dawson, Silas & Son, Iron Bridge, Brownsville. AUTOMOBIlvE AGENCIES. Smith, Dr. A. C, High and Bridge sts., Bridgeport. BAKERS. Acklin, C. P., & Son, Market, Brownsville. Camino, Joseph, Grant ave., Bridgeport. Camino, Mike, & Co., Coal road, Bridgeport. Vogt, John, Greene lane, Bridgeport. Wells, E. B., Main st.. West Brownsville. WilHams, Mrs. Ida, Second .st., Bridgeport. BANKS AND BANKERS. Majerchak, J. C, banker, P. O. Bldg., Brownsville. Monongahela National Bank, Neck, Brownsville. Purest and Best is . . . RROWNSVILLE BEER. Business Directory (501 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE BANKS AND BANKERS-Con. National Deposit Bank. High and Bank sts., Bridge port. Poletz, Rosy, banker, Neck, Brownsville. Rutsek, Peter, banker. Neck, Brownsville. Second National Bank, opp. post office, Brownsville. BARBER SHOPS. Adams, Loyd, Bridge St., Bridgeport. Barker, Wm., Market st., Brownsville. Daugherty, W. T., Neck, Brownsville. Florence, Lou, Market st., Brownsville. Honest}', Frank, Water st., Bridgeport. Johnston, Henrv, Neck, Brownsville. Simpson, Gilbert, West Brownsville. BILLIARD AND POOL PARLORS. Florence, Lou, Market st., Brownsville. Rush, Ray, over Sargent's Livery, Bridgeport. BLACKSMITHING AND HORSESHOEING. Burd, Wm., National Road, Brownsville. Cropp, Joseph, Bridge St., Bridgeport. Gadd, Frank M., Market St., Brownsville. Smith, L. E., High st., Bridgeport. BOARDING HOUSES. Richey, Caroline, Second St., Bridge] >ort. BOOTS AND SHOES. Brownsville Supply Co., Neck, Brownsville. Diamond Coal Co., Bridge st., West Brownsville. Levy, William, Iron Bridge, Brownsville. Michener & Hormell, Neck, Brownsville. Richie's Racket Store, Neck, Brownsville. Springer, Geo. W., & Son, Water st., Bridgeport. Valley Supply Co. No. 25, Water st., Bridgeport. ■Wise, B., Neck, Brownsville. ^£i^B rownsville Beer. 602 Business Directory z < J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. BOTTLERS OF SOFT DRINKS. Thornton, James I., & Sons, Middle alley, Bridgeport. BREWERIES. Brownsville Brewing Co., Water st., Bridgeport. BRICK MANUFACTURERS. Brownsville Brick Mfg. Co., Office, Bridge st., Bridge- port. CARRIAGE MAKERS. Blair, James, Second st., Bridgeport. Leamon, James, Bridge st., Bridgeport. Moffitt, Thomas, Middle alley. West Brownsville. CARPET WEAVING. Swearer, Peter, Church st., Brownsville. CHICKEN FANCIERS. Cock, EH B., High st., Bridgeport. CIVIL ENGINEERS AND SURVEYORS. Favette Engineering and Construction Co., Iron Bridge Bldg., Brownsville. Kenney, C. L. & G. W., High and Angle sts., Bridge- port. CLEANING AND PRESSING. Altman, John, High st., Bridgeport. Bulger Bros., Iron Bridge, Bridgeport. Klein, Max, Neck, Brownsville. Pouch, Frank, Second st., Bridgeport. Troth, O. J., Market, Brownsville. CLOTHING AND GENTS' FURNISHINGS. Goldstein, H., Neck, Brownsville. Hormell, H. H., & Son, Neck, Brownsville. Levy, WilHam, Iron Bridge, Brownsville. Wise, B., Neck. Brownsville. < z E O XRY A case: of- ^ :fi5ro\vn6villc Beer ^ Business Directory 603 James H. Gray Water Street*, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE COAL DEALERS— LOCAL. Long, James, Cross St., Brownsville. Wollord, George, Coal road, Bridgeport. CONFECTIONS. Carmack, O. K., Bridge st.. West Brownsville. CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS. Aubrey Lumber Co., Penn st., West Brownsville. Aubrey Lumber Co., Spring alley, Bridgeport. Douglass, A. W., Second and Union sts., Bridgeport. Higinbotham, Jas. C, Water st., Bridgeport. League, D. M., Grant ave., Bridgeport. Rathmell & Worcester, Water st., Bridgeport. Spence, M. B., & Co., F. L. Magee, manager. Second st., Bridgeport. COOPERS. West's Cooper Shop, loth st., Bridgeport. CRACKER MANUFACTURERS. Chatland & Lenhart, opp. post office, Brownsville. DENTISTS. Abraham, A. C, Iron Bridge Bldg., Brownsville. Abrams, J. A., Abrams Bldg., Brownsville. Graham, H. D., Monongahela Bank Bldg., Brownsville. Huston, J. A., Neck, Brownsville. Patton, t. H., Post Office Bldg., Brownsville. DISTILLERIES. Hamburger Distillery, Ltd., Water st., Bridgeport. Thompson Distilling Co., Main st., West Brownsville. DRESSMAKERS. Acklin, Bertha V., Abrams Bldg., Brownsville. Britton, Kate, and Reynolds, Julia, I. O. O. F. Bldg., Brownsville. o ^1 n ?0 O m o C/5 « ■5 rp fi) fr 3 0) Q. Q. C/3 > r— 2 a m O" > rv ■H (fi (/) Try Brownsville Beer. 20 604 Business Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. DRESSMAKERS- Con. Coldren, Ann, Market St., Brownsville. Michaels, Celia, High St., Bridgeport. Sawyer, Mrs. Lizzie, Second st., Bridgeport. DRUGGISTS. Armstrong, J. D., Drug Co., Neck, Brownsville. Bulger, H. H., & Co., Water and Bridge sts., Bridge- port. Graham, Robert, Neck, Brownsville. Rathinell Bros., Bank St., Bridgeport. Robinson, D. Fred, Iron Bridge, Bridgeport. Robinson, H. W., Market St., Brownsville. DRY GOODS. Craft, James S., Neck, Brownsville. Griffin, E. C, Neck, Brownsville. Levy, Morris, Neck, Brownsville. Lydic, J. C, & Co., Neck, Brownsville. Wise, B., Neck, Brownsville. Worrell, E. D., Second an Arch sts., Bridgeport. ELECTRICIANS. Bell, J. M., Post Office Bldg., Brownsville. ELECTROPLATING. Kenney, C. L., High and Angle sts., Bridgeport. EXPRESS COMPANIES. Adams Express Co., Chas. Weaver, agent. Union Station. American Express Co., C. S. Pringle, agent, Union Station. FLORISTS. Pearsall, Daniel H., Pearl st., Bridgeport. Brownsville Beer IS Pure Business Directory (505 James H. Gray Water Street, Bridgeport. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE FLOUR, FEED, ETC. Champion Milling Co., Coal road, Bridgeport. Eclipse Milling Co., Water st., Bridgeport. FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC FRUITS. Fredianni, R., Neck, Brownsville. Monsour, Nicola, Market St., Brownsville. Poletz, Rosy, Neck, Brownsville. Rose, Sam., Market St., Brownsville. FURNITURE AND UNDERTAKING. Ross, J. T., Neck, Brownsville. Sanforth, Jos. G., Market St., Brownsville. Sharpnack & Conelly, Neck, Brownsville. GAS COMPANIES. Elwood Gas & Oil Co., I^on Bridge Bldg., Browns- ville. Greensboro Nat. Gas Co., High st., Bridgeport. GLASS MANUFACTURERS. Van Cleave Window Glass Co., Junction, West Brownsville. GRAIN, FEED AND PRODUCE. Brownsville Ice & Storage Co., Main st., Wes^ Browns- ville. GROCERIES AND QUEENSWARE. Anderson, Mary, High st., Bridgeport. Brownsville Supply Co., Neck, Brownsville. Bulger, J. H., & Son, Iron Bridge, Bridgeport. Campbell, W. L., Water st., Bridgeport. Carmack, O. K., Bridge st.. West Brownsville Coldren, Ann, Market st., Brownsville. Craft's Supply Store, High and Bridge sts., Bridge- port. CD *t C/3 t^ £^ ~^ C5 i ^1 ^ SO o m o C/) fD 3 n o ft (/) 3 a o. a. C/5 -< >► (t (— CO — i (TD r* ^ & m O" > (Si Purest and Best is . Brownsville Beer. 606 Business Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Books and Stationery. < O o z I— ( < < < < o GROCERIES AND QUEENSWARE— Con. Dauc:herty, John, Vine St., West Brownsville. Elliott, C. J., Tea Co., Market st., Brownsville. Garlotts, C. C, Market St., Brownsville. Gottesman Bros., Neck, Brownsville. Gray, James H., Water St., Bridgeport. Green, William, Neck, Brownsville. Haken, William, Second st., Bridgeport. Herskovitz, Ignatz, High St., Bridgeport. Johnson, William, Bridge st.. West Brownsville. Johnston, C. G., Market st., Brownsville. Lindv, Emeline, High st., Bridgeport. Lynch & Henan, Market st., Brownsville. Marshall, Harry, Neck, Brownsville. Mason, H. G., Spring alley, Bridgeport. McGill, Martin, Main st.. West Brownsville. McCracken, Margaret, Market st., Brownsville. Miller, C. J., High st., Bridgeport. Power, J. P., Neck, Brownsville. Robinson, John, Market st., Brownsville. Shupe, K. J., Market st., Brownsville. Swearer, Alfred C, Market st., Brownsville. Valley Supply Co. No. 25, Water st., Bridgeport. Williams, James, Liberty ave.. West Brownsville. GUN AND LOCK SMITHS. Kenney, C. L., High and Angle sts., Bridgeport. Peirsel, Arthur, High st., Bridgeport. HARDWARE, STOVES AND TINWARE. Coulter, John H., Neck, Brownsville. Fear, Geo. E., Neck, Brownsville. Moore, Geo. L., Water st., Bridgeport. HARNESS MAKERS. Madera, Bruce, Neck, Brownsville. -^^^"^^ Brozvnsville Beer. Business Directory 607 James H. Gray Water Street*, Bridgeport*. GROCERIES PROVISIONS AND PRODUCE HOTELS. Albion Hotel, J. Will Gribble, prop., Water St., Brownsville. Alexander Hotel, H. G. Johnson, prop., Neck, Browns- ville. Atwood Hotel, Robt. Byland, prop., Bridge st.. West Brownsville. Barr House, J. E. Rickard, prop., Water St., Bridge- port. Girard House, Market st., Brownsville. Herbertson House, F. S. Adams, prop., AVater st., Bridgeport. Hotel Aubrey, D. J. Province, prop., Bridge st., West Brownsville. Hotel Good, John Good, prop., Junction, West Browns- ville. Monongahela House, J. S. Rush, prop.. Neck, Browns- ville. Pennsylvania Hotel, Jas. Risbeck, pro]).. Water st. Bridgeport. Storey House, Matt Storev, prop., Market st., Browns- ville. ICE MANUFACTURERS. Brownsville Brewing Co., Water st., Bridgeport. Brownsville Ice & Storage Co., Main st.. West Browns- ville. INTERPRETERS. Gottesman, Max, Neck, Brownsville. Herskovitz, Ignatz, High st., Bridgeport. JEWELERS AND OPTICIANS. Kaiser, Wm. F., Neck, Brownsville. Moorhead, Geo. S., Neck, Brownsville. Theakston, F. B., Iron Bridge, Brownsville. X C5 O n o' at 3 a. < at) Qi CD 7S m = CL > —I C/) Try a Case of ID rownsvi UeB eer. 608 Business Directory J. D. Armstrong: Drug: Co, The Up-To-Date Drug Store. LAUNDRIES— AGENTS. Grooms, C. E., Water st., Bridgeport. Lee Wah, Main st., Brownsville. Mitchell, William, Neck, Brownsville. Yee Kim, Neck, Brownsville. LAWYERS. Cottom, H. A., Post Office Bldg., Brownsville. LIVERY, FEED AND BOARDING STABLES. Kisinger, Harry, Market st., Brownsville. Sargent, A. M., Coal road and Prospect st., Bridge- port. Union Stables, Gregg & Syphers, props., Bridge St., Bridgeport. LUMBER DEALERS. Aubrev Lumber Co., Vine st., West Brownsville. Aubrey Lumber Co., Spring alley, Bridgeport. Higinbotham, James C, Water st., Bridgeport. MACHINE SHOPS AND FOUNDRIES. Herbertson's Sons, J., Water and Bridge sts., Bridge- port. Gregg's Machine Shop & Foundry, Water st.. West Brownsville. MARBLE, GRANITE AND STONE. Wright's Sons, T. S., Water st., Bridgeport. MEAT MARKETS AND BUTCHERS. Albright & Meese, Market St., Brownsville. Brenton Bros., Bridge and Main sts., West]^Browns- ville. Craft's Supply Store, High and Bridge sts.. Bridgeport. Lowstetter, Daniel, Market st., Brownsville. Marker, James, Main st.. West Brownsville. Brownsville Beer "^h all otels^ Business Directory 609 James H. Gray Water Street. Bridgeport. Groceries^ PROVISIONS and PRODUCE -v- -^ MEAT MARKETS AND BUTCHERS— Con. Marshall, Harry, Neck, Brownsville. Mulvar & Cooper, High st., Bridge].ort. Star Meat Market, High st., Bridgeport. Urick & Zuzen, Market st., Brownsville. MERCHANT TAILORS. Altman, John, High st., Bridgeport. Bulger Bros., Iron Bridge, Bridgeport. Klein, Max, Neck, Brownsville. Troth, O. J., Market St., Brownsville. MESSENGER— CITY. Rice, Chas. E., H. H. Hormell c'l- Sons' Store. MILLINERS. Griffin, E. C, Neck, Brownsville. Scott, M. C, High St., Bridgeport. Todd, Cora, Neck, Brownsville. MUSIC DEALERS. Perrv, W. A., High st. and Perry ave., Bridgeport. Phillips, D. R., Neck, Brownsville. NEWS DEALERS. Brownsville News Co., Union Station. Johnston, Howard B., over Rathmell's drug store, Bridgeport. NEWSPAPERS AND PRINTERS. Brownsville Clipper, AV. F. Ap])legate, editor and publisher. Market st., Brownsville. Weekly Monitor, E. P. Couse, editor and publisher. High St., Bridgeport. C/5 ^ ^Ife^R, BROWNSVILLE BEER, 610 Business Directory J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Prescription Specialists. ii ^ y I NOTARIES PUBLIC. ^ / Brashear, E. T., Iron Bridge Bldg., Neck, Browns- ville. Jeffries, T. A., High st., Bridgeport. *QQ Poletz, Ros3% Neck, Brownsville. ^ C OIL DEALERS. Vn ^ I Devault, William, High st. and Woodward ave., *2 "fM i Bridgeport. (g S PAINTERS AND PAPER HANGERS. Cline & Gue, Greene Lane, Bridgeport; National Road, Brownsville. Patterson & Herrington, Main st., West Brownsville. Stewart, Geo. L., Light lane, Bridgeport. S PAVING AND SEWERING. Waggoner & Lilly, Prospect st., Bridgeport. PHOTOGRAPHS AND PICTURE FRAMING. Pratt, W. D., Abrams Bldg., Neck, Brownsville. PHYSICIANS. Eastman & Lilley, over Rathmell's drug store, Bridge- port. Hoover, F. S., Iron Bridge Bldg., Brownsville. Miller, Collev, over Wm. Levy's, Brownsville. Reichard, C. C, over Griffin's dry goods store, Brownsville. Reichard, L. N., over Griffin's dry goods store, Brownsville. Smith, Alfred C, High and Bank sts., Bridgep^ort. PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS. Arensberg Bros., under Dr. A. C. Smith's office, Bridgeport. Kennedy & Claybaugh, near Baptist Church, Browns- ville. Brownsville Beer i Union Made Business Directory 611 James H. Gray Groceries-^ •^ I PROVISIONS and Water Street, Bridgeport. i|| PROVISIONS and PRODUCE r^ -v PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS— Con. Shelton, Geo. A., Light lane, Bridgeport. Stewart, R. J., under Rathmell's drugstore, Bridge- port. RACKET STORES. Richie's Racket Store, Neck, Brownsville. REAL ESTATE AGENTS. Brashear, E. T., Iron Bridge Bldg., Neck, Browns- ville. Jeffries, T. A., High St., Bridgeport. Lenhart, Geo. W., & Son, P. O. Bldg., Brownsville. Marshall & Hart, Second st., Bridgeport; Neck, Brownsville. Snowdon, J. H., P. O. Bldg., Brownsville. RESTAURANTS. Freeman, Harry, Water St., Bridge|)ort. McMillan, Chas., over Wm. Green's grocery, Neck, Brownsville. Minehart, Kate, Bank st., Bridgeport. Mitchell, M. C, Neck, Brownsville. White & Tidball, Water st., Bridgeport. SEWING MACHINE AGENTS. Phillips, D. R., Neck, Brownsville. SHOEMAKERS. Drake, Henrv, High st., Bridgeport. Luft, Andrew, Market St., Brownsville. Marinelli, Lougi, Neck, Brownsville. Miles, A. D., Water st., Bridgeport. Rabe, George, Neck, Brownsville. Sorrell, Thomas, High st., Bridgeport. STEAMSHIP AGENCIES. Majerchak, J. C, P. O. Bldg., Brownsville. Poletz, Rosy, Neck, Brownsville. C5 -n "^ ?D o pn O C/5 rt» =c n (T» Q) f/i 3 a Q. 3 CL C/) ■^ ^ (0 P" ;fi H S Q) m 2 n > (ft C/) Brownsville Beer f<>»* Family Use 612 Business Directorv J. D. Armstrong Drug Co. Periodicals, Boolis and Stationery. STOCK BROKERS. Richmond & Co., Frank, Carsten, manager, Mononga- hela Bank Bldg., Brownsville. TEABdSTERS. Florence, Joseph, Pearl st., Bridgeport. Florence, John, Pearl st., Bridgeport. Ingram, Walter, Church st., Brownsville. Jones, Israel, Cemetery road, Bridgeport. Moore, P. C, Front st., Brownsville. Percy, John G., Water st., Bridgeport. TELEGRAPH COfilPAKIES. Western Union Telegraph Co., Grititin Bldg., Neck, Brownsville. TELEPHONE COMPANIES. C. D. & P. T. Co. (Bell), Monongahela Bank Bldg., Brownsville. Federal Telephone Co., Water and Bank sts., Bridge- port. TINNERS. Vorhes, Charles, Water st., Brigeport. TOBACCONISTS. Haught, W. A., Water and Bank sts., Bridgeport. Wilson, John D., Neck, Brownsville. TRUCK GARDENERS. Lockhart, Alex., Clover st.. Bridge] tort. VETERINARY SURGEONS. Gregg, Ira M., Union Stables, Bridge st., Bridgeport. WATER COMPANIES Brownsville Water Co., ITigh st.. Bridgeport. Try^^ Brownsville Beer. special Notice 613 Don't Lend Your Directory 614 Index EARLY HISTORY OF WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. PAGE French Invasion 3 Washington's Mission to LeBueof 4 The Hanguard, Ft. Pitt and Ft. Duquesne 5 Washington and Jumonville 5 Washington's Defeat at Great Meadows — Ft. Necessity 9 Braddock's Disastrous Expedition 12 Gen. Forbes' Expedition — French Abandon Ft. Duquesne. ... 14 Mounds and Mound-Builders — Redstone Old Fort 14 Conditions of Penn's Charter 18 Western Pennsylvania Bought of Six Nations 18 Settlement of Western Pennsylvania 20 Influence of Ohio Company — Gist's Plantation 20 Westmoreland County Formed 21 Division of Westmoreland County 21 First Settlers in what is now Fayette County 22 Attempt to Remove First Settlers 22 Mason and Dixon Line — Virginia and Pennsylvania . 23 List of Settlers at Redstone Old Fort, Gist's, Turkey Foot 23 Index 615 FAYETTE COUNTY HISTORY. PAGE Growth oi Population 25 Slavery and Servitude in Fayette County 25 Courts Organized — First Attorneys 27 Numljer and Names of Townships — When Erected 27 First County Officials 28 Present County Officials 29 List of Present Attorneys — Uniontown 29 List of Present Attorneys — Connellsville 30 List of Present Attorneys — Brownsville 30 Court House, Sheriff's Residence and Jail 30 Fayette County Poor House and Farm 31 First Coal Used in Fayette County 33 Coke First Made and Used in Fayette County 33 Iron Industry in Fayette County 33 Favette Countv Agricultural Association 35 Favette Countv Medical Societv 36 616 Index GEOLOGY OF FAYETTE COUNTY. PAGE Geological Location 37 Third or Connellsville Basin 37 Fourth or Monongahela Basin 37 Lower Productive Coal Measures 38 Laurel and Chestnut Ridges 38 Geological Structure 38 Fine Building Stone 39 Laurel Ridge Anticlinal • ■ 39 The Upper Barren Series -10 Economic Geology of Fayette County 40 Horizons of Iron Ore in Fayette County 41 Lime Stone 41 Fire Clav 42 Oil Fields 42 Gas Fields 42 Coal Fields 43 Bituminous Coal Fields 43 Fayette County Klondyke 43 Coke Development in Fayette County 43 Pioneer Coke Company 44 American Steel and Wire Company , 44 The Bessemer Company 40 The National Steel Company 40 W. J. Rainev Company 40 The Coke Industry . . .' 40 The Civil War Retarded the Coke Industry 47 Tabulated Statistics on Coke 47 Many Coke Ovens Built Since 1899 48 Coal One of the Great Forces of the Future 48 Coke and Iron Industries Closely Allied 48 Location and Extent of the Connellsville Coke Region 48 ,^' % Index 617 FAYETTE COUNTY'S PART IN WARS. PAGE Dunmore's War nO The Revolution 02 The Whiskey Insurrection 53 The War of "1812-1815 54 The War with Mexico 55 The War of the Rebellio.: 55 The Ringgold Cavalr>' 57 Dies Rescuing a Comrade 58 "Greater Love Hath No Man "—Poem 59 Favette County Veterans' Association 60 "Will Soon Answer 'Taps' " — Poem 61 Roster, Company D, Eighth Pennsylvania Reserve Corps 62 List of Deceased Soldiers — Brownsville ()5 List of Deceased Soldiers — Bridgeport 66 Died at Andersonville 68 Spanish- American War and Filipino Insurrection 68 618 Index EARLY AND PRESENT MODES OF TRANSPORTATION. HISTORY OF NATIONAL PIKE. PAGE First Wagon Load of Goods that Crossed the Mountains 70 Enormous Cost of Transportation 70 The Old NemacoHn Trail 71 The "Turkev-Foot" Road 71 The Cumberland Road or National Pike 72 A Narrow Escape for Uniontown 72 Work on the National Pike Commenced at Cumberland 72 Cost of the National Pike 73 Effect of the Pike on the Country— No Toll 73 Index to Slack-Water Navigation 75 Index to Old Taverns Along the National Pike 85 Index to Railroad Historv 95 Index 619 SLACK-WATER NAVIGATION. Slack-Water Navigation Agitated in 1782 75 "The Old Monongahela Still "—Poem 76 Slackwater Again Agitated in 1817 — Name of Company 78 Capital Stock, $78,000 ' 78 The State Takes Up the Work in 1822 79 Second Monongahela Navigation Company 80 Commissioners to Receive Subscriptions Appointed 80 $258,100 Subscribed but Many Subscriptions Not Paid 81 The Company Comes to Grief and Work is Suspended 81 Capitalists Buy Up Stock and Com])lete Work in 1844 81 Cost of River Tolls 82 Eight Years of Great Prosperity 82 B. &. O. and Slack-Water Navigation Benefit the Pike 83 Rejected the Baltimore & Ohio 83 > 620 Index OLD TAVERNS ALONG THE NATIONAL PIKE. PAGE Uniontown Taverns 85 Too Much Roast Pig 85 Anecdote of Manypenny and Jefferson 86 General Lafayette and General Santa Anna 86 General Jackson at the McCleary House 86 Old Taverns Along the Pike. . . . '. 87 The Half-Way House— Searight'3 87 Old Taverns in Brownsville 88 Thomas Brown's "Ordinary " 88 The Black Horse Tavern 88 The Old Workman Tavern — Now the Girard House 89 General Jackson Wanted Ham and Eggs 89 Anecdotes of Henry Clay 89 General LaFavette at the Brashear House 90 The Old Marshall House 90 The Old Clark Mansion— Now the Storey House 90 The Old Krepps Homestead — Now the Monongahela House. . 91 Old Taverns in Bridgeport 91 Old Taverns in West Brownsville 91 Old Pike Reminiscences 92 Visit of Jenny Lincl and P. T. Barnum 9S CLi), G Index 621 RAIT>ROAD HISTORY. PAGE The Pittsburgh & Connellsville Railroad Co 95 The Fayette County Railroad Company 95 Branch Lines of Railroads 95 Early History of the Baltimore & Ohio 96 The Event Celebrated at Baltimore 96 The Pennsylvania Railroad — Its Growth 98 The Invasion of New York 98 Early History of the Pennsylvania 100 The Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad 104 Pittsburgh, Mclveesport & Youghiogheny 105 "The Lake Erie Never Killed a Passenger" 105 Vice-President and General Manager, J. M. Schoonmaker 106 The Monongahela Railroad Company 108 Program of Opening of Monongahela Railroad 110 Superintendent J. B. Yohe's Speech 114 "Three Towns" Board of Trade Ban([uet 115 Along the Monongahela Line 117 The Connellsville Central Railroad 119 The Man Who First Proposed the Union Pacific Railroad 120 Letter of "Tariff," Andy Stewart 121 BIOGRAPHIEvS OF SOME OF THE RAILROAD OFFICIALS. PAGE. Coburn, W. A 128 Crawford, Joseph U 123 Dorsey, George 127 Ermire, John 127 Grooms, Joseph C 125 Pringle, Chris. S 128 Schoonmaker, Col. James M 123 Shank, Harry W 128 Taylor, Robert W., Jr 124 622 Index HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. PAGE Sketch of Our Boroughs — Early Settlers and Business Men .... 131 Steamboat and Keel Boat Building 133 Daniel French's Enterprises — The "Enterprise" and "Dispatch" 134 First Steamer Between Pittsburgh and New Orleans 136 Robert Rogers' Description of the "Dispatch's" Trip 136 History of the "Reindeer" — Keel Boat Building 140 Pringle's Flat-Bottom Boats 140 Pringle Boat Building Co. — Cock & Lenhart, Boatbuilders . . 142 The Herbertson & Company Foundry and Machine Shops 144 Vulcan Iron and Machine Works 144 The French Cotton and' Woolen Mills 148 First Glass Factory — The George Hogg & Co. Glass Factory . . 150 Another Glass Factory - 150 The Culbertson & Rowe Foundry — The French Machine Shops . 152 The Thomas Faull Foundry— the Valley Mills 154 The Rees Cadwallader Mills— The Krepps & Carter Paper Mills.. 154 The Lanning Planing Mills— The Shoe Industry 154 The Brownsville Agricultural Works — First Brewery 154 The Haryey Leonard Saw Mills — The Riyer Coal Company ... 156 The Brownsyille Brewery 158 The Hamburger Distillery, Ltd 164 The Thompson DistiUing Co 166 The Elwood Natural Gas and Oil Company 168 The Public Library 170 Newspaper Enterprises 172 Physicians of the Tlaree Towns 174 PIONEER LODCxES OF THE THREE TOWNS. Brownsville Lodge, No. 60, F. & A. M 174 Brownsville Lodge, No. 51, I. O. O. F 176 Brownsville Lodge, No. 357, K. of P 182 Brownsville Chapter,. No. 164. R. A. M 176 John E. Michener Post, No. 173, Dept. of Pa., G. A. R 184 Monongahela Lodge, No. 1305, G. U. O. of O. F ISO Nemacolin Tribe, No. 112, Improved Order of Red Men 182 St. Omer's Commanderv, No. 7, F..T 176 Western Star Lodge, No. 36, F. & A. M 176 MIvHCELLANEOUS. Mirror that hung in the cabin of the Mayflower 184 Snuff Box that came over on the Mayflower 184 Peter Hunt's Famous Skating Rink 186 The Old Wooden Bridge . . . '. 188 Index 623 PAGE Visit of General Lafayette 190 Letter from Andrew Jackson 193 SOME OF OUR RUvSINESS PKOPLK AND KSTAHLI8IIMENTS. Cottoin, Harry A., Attorney 214 Johnston, Howard B., News Dealer 218 Klein, Max, Merchant Tailor 215 Metropolitan Life Insurance Co 216 Pratt, Wm. D., Photographer 213 BIOGRAPHICAL vSKETCHEvS. Brashear, John Alfred 243 Bright, W. H 239 Brown, Capt. Samuel S 245 Bulger, Jessie H., 232 Chatland, Mr. William 225 Duncan, Judge Thomas 219 Duncan, Dr. W. S 220 Gadd, Stephen I 238 Graham. William 237 Grooms, Dr. James B 222 Hart, J. Percy 240 Herbertson, John 227 Jacobs, Capt. Adam 232 Jacobs, Adam 238 Krepps, Solomon Gillespie 234 Mason, Isaac M 245 McGee, Rev. Chas. A. (colored) 249 McKinley, Robert 236 Mitchell,^ James 237 Moffitt, Alexander 248 Mofilitt, John B 236 Patriello^ Robert 240 Phillips, Percival 247 Pringle, John S 227 Rogers, Joseph Talbot 223 Rogers. Roland Clay 233 Snow^den, J. Nelson 230 Steele, Mr. Samuel 229 Steele, William C 235 Thompson, Samuel 229 Truxal, Dr. Norval Wilson 223 Wilgus, John S 224 Wilgus, Thomas Benton 246 Wright, T. S 231 624 Index HISTORY OF BROWNSVILLE. PAGE Where Located — Early Settlers 259 Cresap's Ferry and Krepps' Ferry in Bridgeport 260 Thomas and Basil Brown 260 Brownsville Laid out and Incorporated 261 First Borough Officials — Present Borough Officials 261 Postmasters Who Have Served Brownsville 262 Early Fire Protection .• 262 Old Cemeteries — Redstone Cemetery Association 264 First and Present Officials 265 Rules of the Cemetery Association 266 Endowment Fund — Articles of Agreement for 267 Not Run lor the Benefit of Stockholders 267 BIOGRAPHIES OF BOROUGH OFFICIALvS. Acklin, William Graham 277 Bowman, Charles W 273 Brashear, Edgar T 2 < 2 Carmack, Amiriah A 270 CoUier, James F 273 Coulter, Charles W 273 DeLanev, Edward S 277 Edmiston, William A 269 Fisher, William H 268 Gabler, Frank .... 278 Gadd, Frank M 27^ ■Grafinger, Joseph 276 Gregg, Charles Walter 273 Griffin, Willard Atkinson 272 Hibbs, Benjamin Franklin 271 Huston, Dr. Joseph A 277 Johnson, Robert 278 Kisinger, Harry 268 Labin, Alexander 277 Lenhart, William L 270 Patterson, Alvin C 274 Reichard, Dr. Cyrus Clay 274 Reichard, Dr. Lewis Nvman 274 Ross, J. T '. 275 Snowden, Charles L 269 Snowden, J. Howard 271 Steele, George Conwell 271 Storey, Charles H 276 Worcester, Thomas C 278 IiKlex 625 HISTORY OF BRl DGEPORT. PAGE When Laid Out and Incorporated 279 First Borough Officials — Present Borough Officials 279 Old Market House— The Old Warehouse and Wharf 280 Bridgeport Improvement Society 281 First Meeting, Second Meeting, First Regular Officers. . 282 History of the Public Fountain 283 Dedication of Fountain — Officers Improvement Society 28G The Reading Circle 287 The Old " Red Pump "—Tutor of James G. Blaine 289 Bridgeport Cemetery 290 When Established — List of Incorporators 291 Officers of the Company — Rules and Regulations 291 Endowment Fund — Articles of Agreement for 29-t Not Organized for Profit 295 BIOGRAPHIEvS OF BOROUGH OFFICIALvS. Buffington, Robert 305 Bulger, Rinard Reece 306 Bumry, Rev. Richard Henry 30-4: Cope, 'Eli ' 305 Couse, Edwin Philips 302 DeLaney, William 303 Eastman, Dr. Henry 297 Gray, James H 302 Hart, David Moffitt 298 Higinbotham, Uriah F 300 Jeffries, Thomas A 29(3 Levy, William ^ 305 Lindy, John Stanley , 304 Lockhart, Alexander Duncan 304 Marshall, Harry 300 Martin, Oliver Knight 301 Miller, Caleb Johnson 306 Moore, George L 296 Pearsall, Daniel H 299 Rathmell, George M 301 Sargent, Ackison M 303 Smith, Dr. Alfred C 302 Stewart, George L 303 Thompson, John 306 Tilghman, B. R. A. (colored) 301 Waggoner, Levi Craft 297 Winans, William Vincent 296 626 Index HISTORY OF WEST BROWNSVILLE. PAGE Where Located 307 Indian Peter's Widow's Conveyance 307 James G. Blaine's Father 309 When and by Whom Laid out 309 When Incorporated and First Borough Officials 310 Present Borough Officials 310 Arrival of the P. V. & C. Railroad 310 First and Present Postmasters 310 Some of West Brownsville's Industries 311 BIOGRAPHIES OF BOROUGH OFFICIALS. Axton, Emmett Rvman 313 Baird, Edward R . '. 315 Brock, George W 315 Chamberlain, Harry Kirk 316 Dougherty, John 317 Dwyer, Wilbur 316 Eckles, Charles E 313 French, David W 312 Fulton, James M 316 Harrison, J. Will 314 Kaufman, John Clarence 314 Moffitt, Bvron L 314 Moffitt, Thomas H 312 Pringle, John D. S 315 Province, David Jefferson 314 Snyder, WilHam H., Sr ' 316 Williams, James 312 Young, George H 313 Index 627 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE THREE TOWNS. PAGE National Deposit Bank 318 Resources of 319 Liabilities of 319 President of 319 Monongahela National Bank 322 President of 323 Cashiers of 323 New Home of 323 Magnificent Record of 324 Second National Bank 324 Originally the First National Bank 324 Capital and Surplus 325 Present Officers of the Bank 325 Italian Bank 325 Hungarian Bank 325 Slavish Bank 325 628 Index . EDUCATIONAL HISTORY. PAGE Brownsville Schools Over a Century Ago 326 First School House — Young Lady's Seminary 326 Present Teachers and Pupils 328 Room No. 1 328 Room No. 2 328 Room No. 3 329 Room No. 4 329 Room No. 5 ... ". 341 Room No. 6 342 Room No. 7 342 Room No. 8 342 Room No. 9 : 343 Two Leaves irom a Ledger 343 Biography of Principal C. Gregg Lewellyn 344 Excelsior Literary Society 346 Biography oi' Principal J. F. Snyder 346 BRIDGEPORT. Quakers the Pioneers in Schools 347 First School House in Bridgeport 347 School Directors Appointed Under the Law of 1834 348 Second School House in Bridgeport 348 The Union School BuikUng 348 Bridgeport Has First Graded Schools 348 List of Teachers and Pupils 362 Room No. 1 362 Room No. 2 363 Room No. 3 364 Room No. 4 364 Room No. 5 365 Room No. 6 366 Room No. 7 366 Room No. 8 367 Room No. 9 367 Room No. 10 367 WEST BROWNSVILLE. Earlv School Historv 368 The Present School Building 368 List of Teachers and Pupils 368 Room No. 1 368 Room No. 2 ' 369 Room No. 3 369 Room No. 4 376 Biography of Principal Thos. L. Pollock 376 Index 629 RELIGIOUS HISTORY. RR( )WNSVIIJ.E CHURCHES. P.AGE Christ Church 377 The Presb}-terian Church 382 First Methodist Episcopal Church 385 The Roman Catholic Church 387 Rev. Thomas F. Glvnn 390 The First Baptist Church 391 BRIDGEPORT CHURCHES. Friends or Quaker Churches 393 Cumberland Presbyterian Church 394 Second Methodist Episcopal Church 398 Methodist Protestant Church 400 Wesleyan Methodist Church 402 Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church 402 WEST BROWx\SVILLE CHURCHES. St. John's Church 402 SOME OF THE UNIONTOWN CHURCHES. First Presbyterian Church 404 Second Presbyterian Church 408 Dr. S. R. Gordon 409 Bethel Baptist Church 410 Cumberland Presbyterian Church 412 St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church 413 St. John's Roman Catholic Church 414 First Methodist Episcopal Church 415 African Methodist Episcopal Church 416 Zion Chapel of the A. M. E. Church 417 Methodist Protestant Church 417 SOME OF THE EARLY COUNTRY CHI^RCHES. Seventh Day Baptist 417 Free Will Baptist Church 418 Church of God 418 Brethern in Christ - . . . . 419 Dunkards (Tunkers) or German Baptists 419 The Mennonite Church 419 630 Index HISTORY OF UNIONTOWN. PAGE The County Seat — Where Located — Beeson's Mill 431 Letter of Ephraim Douglas 433 Uniontown of Today 435 Union Bank of Pennsylvania 437 National Bank of Fayette Co.— People's Bank of Fayette Co. 439 Dollar Saving Bank of Uniontown 439 Fayette County Mutual Fire Insurance Company 441 Union Building and Loan Association 441 First National Bank of Uniontown 441 Present First National Bank — The Skyscraper 443 Josiah Vankirk Thompson 445 Statements of First National Bank 446 Rules Respecting Employes — Present Bank Officials. . . 447 Newspapers of Uniontown — Physicians of Uniontown 448 Burial Ground— Old Baptist Churchyard 448 Union Cemetery — Schools in Uniontown 450 Pioneer Lodges of Uniontown 451 The First Lodge— Laurel Lodge No. 215, F. & A.M.... 451 Fayette Lodge 228, F. & A. M.— Union R. A. Chapter 165 452 St. Omei-s' Commandery No. 3, Knights Templars 452 Uniontown Commandery No. 49, Knights Templars. . . . 452 Fort Necessity Lodge, No. 254, I. O. O. F 453 Fayette Encampment, No. SO, I. O. O. F 453 Tonnaleuka Lodge, No. 365, I. O. O. F 453 R. A. Council, No. 388— Madison Lodge, No. 419, K. of P. 453 Win F. Stewart Post, No. ISO, G. A. R 453 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Arensberg, Hon. Lewis F 459 Cooper, Hon. Allen Foster 458 Freeland, Hon. Benjamin F 458 Frock, Samuel E 4o9 Fuller, Frank M 457 Mestrezat, Hon. Stephen Leslie, L. L. D 454 Reppert, Hon. Edmund Homer 455 Thompson, Hon. Andrew A 459 Umbel, Hon. Robert Emeroy 456 BIOGRAPHIES OF COUNTY CHAIRMEN. Carr, Wooda Nicholas 461 Dunn, Thomas Scott 461 Henderson, Davis W 460 Two Men Who Helped Make Fayette County 462 Business Directory of Uniontown 464 Index to Illustrations PORTRAITS. Acheson, Hon. E. F., Congressman 24th District 311 Arensberg, Hon. Lewis P., Member General Assembly 438 Arnett, Bishop B. W. (colored) '. 378 Axton, Andrew, veteran Boat Builder 141 Axton, Emmett R., retiring Auditor, West Brownsville 201 Baird, Edward R., School Director, West Brownsville 209 Bakewell, Chris., Councilman, West Brownsville 20G Bakewell, Miss Elizabeth, School Teacher, Bridgeport 351 Bar, Ephraim, (dec'd) *" 165 Beacom, Rev. C. R. (dec'd) 378 Blaine, Hon. James G 130 Booth, Squire Albert G., (dec'd)- 173 Bowman, Rev. W. Scott • 383 Brashear, Prof. John A 179 Brashear, Edgar T., Councilman, Brownsville. . '?04 Bright, W. H 76 Brock, George, Constable, West Brownsville 203 Brown, Capt. Samuel S 179 Bumry, Rev. R. H., (colored) 401 Campbell, James, Labor Leader 187 Carmack, A. A., Councilman, Brownsville 204 Carr, Wooda N., Democratic County Chairman 442 Carroll, H. C ' Advertising Page 653 Carroll, J. S., present County Supt. of Schools 327 Chalfant, Fred. S., (dec'd) ex-Sheriff Fayette County 192 Chamberlain, Harry, Councilman, West Brownsville.' 206 Chatland, William, (dec'd) 177 Clay, John C, D. D., (dec'd) 378 Col:)urn, W. A 102 Collier, James F., Councilman, Brownsville 204 Cooke, W. H., fourth County Supt. of Schools 327 Cooper, Hon. Allen F., Congressman 23d District 438 Cope, Eli, Chief of Police, Bridgeport 203 Cottom, Harry A., Attorney 214 Coulter, Chas. W., Sec'y Council, Brownsville 198 Couse, Edwin P., Sec'y Council, Bridgeport 198 Cox, Capt. M. A., (dec'd) 135 Cox, Charles, (dec'd) colored 167 Craft Miss Nora, School Teacher, Brownsville 331 Crawford, Col. Joseph U 99 Crosson, Kennedy 103 Daugherty, John, Councilman, West Brownsville 206 DeLaney, Edward S., Assessor, Brownsville 200 DeLaney, William, Assessor-elect, Bridgeport 200 DeLaney, Miss Etta, School Teacher, Bridgeport 351 Dodds, Wilham, Labor Leader 187 Dolan, Patrick, Labor Leader -. 187 g32 Index ^ PAGE. 99 Dorsev, George , „„ Duncan, Hon. Thomas, (dec'd) ^'' Duncan, Dr. W. S., (dec'd) • ^ • •. "'1 Dunn, Thomas Scott, Prohibition County Chairman 44^ Dwver, Wilbur, Councilman, West Brownsville. • ^Ub Eastman, Dr. Henry, Pres. Board of Health, Bridgeport 212 Edel George T., Pres. Brownsville Brewery • • |Wi Edmiston, Capt. W. A., Pres. School Board Brownsville 199 Elliott, Joseph S., Pres. National Deposit Bank .^-^i Ermire, John, Supt. Monongahela Railroad ■ i^i FauU, Thomas, (dec'd) Fields, Al. G •• i'l Fisher, Wm. H., Burgess, Brownsville ||^'^ Florence, W. H., "Tip." (colored) ^ Freeland, Hon. B. N., State Senator. • • f'^^ French, David W., Councilman, West Brownsville -Ub French, David W., School Director, West Brownsville -OJ Frock, Samuel E., Sheriff -^ ■ ™ Fuller, Frank M., Secretary of the Commonwealth 4-3^ Fulton, James M., Tax Collector, West Brownsville -U^ Gabler, Frank, School Director, Brownsville -U^^ Gadd, Stephen I ^ • ■ .-,^,1 Gadd, Frank M., School Director, Brownsville ■ -^ ••-,•• " -;; Gibbons, Joshua V. (dec'd), First County Supt. of Schools. . . . 327 Glvnn, Rev. Thomas F • • \±^^ Grafinger, Joseph, Auditor, Brownsville -^^ Graham, WilHam, oldest man in the three towns Grafinger, Joseph, Auditor, Brownsville Graham, WilHam, oldest man in the three towns i^i Gray, James H., Secretary School Board, Bridgeport 2U8 Greenfield, Col. A. J _^ • , ' - Gregg, Charlers W., School Director, Brownsville. . -U/ Gregg, Edward, Sec'v School Board, West Brownsville 20 J Gregg, Edward, Sec'v Council, West Brownsville IJb Griffin, WiUard A., Councilman, Brownsville -^^ Grooms, Dr. J. B., (dec'd) /-^^ Grooms, Joseph C ; ' ' " -,\ 1 (^7 Hamilton, Harriett, (dec'd), (colored) .^^^ Harmon, Rev. Charles R ■ ■ '^^^ Harrison, J. W., Assessor, West Brownsville -^^ Hart, David M., Justice of Peace, Bridgeport p.o.tispiece Hart, J. Percy, ^ o^o Henderson, Rev. J. T. A., (dec'd) ■ • •. ;J',.^ Henderson, Davis W., Republican County Chairman 4-^- Herbertson, John, (dec'd) Ttt Tr t^ ' -' ' ' W '■ 0T9 Herbertson, Geo. S., Member Board Health Briagepo. l -12 Herrington, L. M., sixth County Supt. oi Schools '^-' Hibbs, B. F., Councilman, Brownsville • • • • • - Higinbotham, U. F., School Director, Bridgeport -U?> Index 633 PAGE. Moffitt, Byron L., Pres. Council, West Brownsville 197 Horner, Miss Lucy, School Teacher, Bridgeport :]rA Hubbs, Dr. Wm. G., (dec'd) ." 175 Hubbs, Dr. John A ] 75 Hudson. Thomas E., Asst. District Attornev 440 Hurd, Seth, T., (dec'd j ' 165 Huston, Dr. Joseph A., School Director, Brownsville 207 Jacobs, Capt. Adam, (dec'd) 135 Jacobs, Capt. Adam, Jr., 135 Jeffries, Thomas A., Burgess, Bridgeport 196 Jeffries, Mrs. Thos. A., School Teacher, Bridgeport .]51 Johnson, Miss Mary, School Teacher, Brownsville 331 Johnston, Howard B 218 Jones, Alfred E., District Attorney 440 Jones, George W., (dec'd) 141 Kellar, J. F 103 Kemper, The Rt. Rev. Jackson, D. D., (dec'd) 378 Kenney, C. L Advertising Pages 654-685 Kisinger, Harry, Pres. Council, Brownsville '. 197 Klein, Max 215 Knox, Hon. Philander C, U. S. Senator 132 Krepps, Solomon G., Sr., Cadwallader Postmaster 195 Labin, Alexander, Police Officer, Brownsville 203 Lenhart, George W 1 77 Levy, William, School Director, Bridgeport 208 Lewellyn, C. Gregg, Principal Brownsvihe School-, 331 Lindy , Miss Emeline 171 Lindy, J. Stanley, Street Commissioner, Bridgeport 171 Lockhart, Alexander, School Director, Bridgeport 208 Marshall, Harry, Councilman, Bridgeport 205 Martin, Oliver K., Councilman, Bridgeport 205 Martin, Miss Mary, School Teacher, Bridgeport ;'51 Mason, Capt. Isaac M 135 McBeth, Alexander, Couaty Detective 440 McGee, Rev. C. A. (colored) 378 McGinty, Miss Flora, School Teacher, Brownsville 331 McKinley, Squire Robert, oldest man in West Brownsville 181 Mechem, Miss Kate, School Teacher, Brownsville 331 Medley, Rev. William 386 Mercer, Rev. Boyd, (dec'd) 378 Mestrezat, Hon. S. L., Supreme Court Judge 436 Miller, Caleb J., School Director, Bridgeport 208 Miller, Dr. Colley, Member Health Board, Brownsville 211 Miller, Rev. Calvin H 399 Miller, Rev. J. F 392 Mitchell, James, oldest man in Bridgeport 181 Mitchell, John, Labor Leader 187 634 Index PAGE. Moffitt, J. Bennett, West Brownsville Postmaster 195 Moffitt, Thos. H., Pres. School Board, West Brownsville 199 Moore, Geo. L., Pres. School Board, Bridgeport 199 Moorhouse, Edw. L., Justice of Peace, Bridgeport 210 Mossett, Henry W., (colored) Auditor, Bridgeport 201 Parker, Prof. L. F 171 Patriello, Robert 173 Patterson, A. C, Chief of Police, Brownsville 203 Penn, William 19 Pennypacker, Hon. Sam'l W., Governor of Pennsylvania 434 Penrose, Hon. Bois, United States Senator 432 Phillips, Percival 179 Poletz, Rosy 173 Pollock, Thos. L., Principal West Brownsville Schools 371 Porter, E. F., (dec'd), seventh County Supt. of Schools 327 Pratt, WilHam D 213 Pratt, Rebecca D 213 Pringle, John S., (dec'd) 141 Pringle, J. D. S., Justice of Peace, West Brownsville 210 Pringle, Chris. S .' • 101 Province, David J., Councilman, West Brownsville 206 Quav, Hon. Mathew Stanlev, (dec'd) 432 Rambo, Rev. William E 380 Rathmell, John J 171 Rathmell, Geo. M., Councilman, Bridgeport 205 Rea, Mr. Samuel 97 Reichard, Dr. C. C, Pres. Health Board, Brownsville 211 Reichard, Dr. L. N., Secretary Health Board, Brownsville. . . . 211 Reppert, Hon. E. H., Pres. Judge Fayette County 436 Rigden, Squire Henry J., (dec'd) 173 Ritenour, R. V., fifth County Supt. of Schools. 327 Robinson, Dr. Daniel N., (dec'd) 175 Robinson, Miss Jessie, School Teacher, Brownsville 331 Rogers, Joseph T., (dec'd) 177 Rogers, Roland C, Esq 284 Roosevelt, Theodore, President of the United States 6 Ross, J. T., Member Health Board, Brownsville 211 Sargent, A. M., Councilman, Bridgeport 205 Schoonmaker, Col. J. M 97 Shaffer, Theodore J., Laloor Leader 187 Shank', Harry A 101 Shaw, Mrs. Effie, School Teacher, Brownsville 331 Sheplar, Miss Ethel, School Teacher, West Brownsville 371 Shoemaker, Dr. Benj., (dec'd) 175 Smiley, Miss May, School Teacher, Bridgeport 351 Smith, Dr. Alfred C, Sec'y Health Board, Bridgeport 212 Snowdon, John, (dec'd) 145 Index 635 Siiowdon, J. Nelson 145 Snowdon, Chas. L., Councilman, Brownsville 204 Snvder, Christian, Burgess, West Brownsville 196 Snvder, William, Councilman, West Brownsville 200 Snvder, J. F., Principal Bridgeport Schools 351 Sprou', Miss Margaret, School Teacher, Bridgeport 351 Steele, Samuel, (dec'd) 105 Steele, Wm. C, Brownsville Postmaster 105 Steele, Geo. C, Tax Collector, Brownsville 202 Stewart, Geo, L., School Director, Bridgeport 208 Storer, Miss Etta, School Teacher, West Brownsville '.\7\ Taylor, Robert W 00 Taylor, Edward 217 Thompson, Josiah V 444 Thompson, Hon. Andrew A., Member General Assembly 438 Thompson, Samuel, (dec'd) 141 Thompson, John, Constable, Bridgeport 203 Thornton, James I., Councilman, Bridgeport 205 Tilghman, B. R. A., (colored) Councilman, Bridgepoi-t 205 Truxal, Dr. N. W., (dec'd) ^ 175 Tubbs, Prof. D. C Advertising Page 675 Umbel, Hon. R. E., Judge of Fayette County 436 Waggoner, L. C, retiring Assessor, Bridgeport 200 Wanee, C. W., (dec'd), third County Supt. of Schools 327 Washington, George, first President of the United States 7 Wilgus, John, (dec'd) 169 Wilgus, John S., (dec'd) 169 Wilgus, Thomas Benton 169 Wilkins, Miss Anna, School Teacher, Bridgeport 351 Winans, W. Vint, Pres. Council, Bridgeport 197 Woodfill, Leroy Advertising Page 661 Woodward, Capt. Isaac C, (dec'd) 135 Worcester, T. Clvde, Police Officer, Brownsville 203 Wright, Thomas S., (dec'd) 165 Yeaglev, George, (dec'd), second County Supt. of Schools 327 Young, George, School Director, West Brownsville 209 HOTELS. Albion Hotel, Brownsville 157 Alexander Hotel, Brownsville 155 Atwood Hotel, West Brownsville 157 Barr House, Bridgeport 153 Girard House, Brownsville 155 Hotel Aubrey, West Brownsville 157 Monongahela House, Brownsville 153 Pennsylvania Hotel, Bridgeport 153 Storev House, Brownsville 155 636 Index SCHOOL HOUSES. PAGE. Brownsville Public School Building 330 Bridgeport Union School Building 350 West Brownsville Public School Building 370 SCHOOLCHILDREN. Brownsville School Room No. 1 332 Brownsville School Room No. 2 333 Brownsville School Room No. 3 334 Brownsville School Room No. 4 335 Brownsville School Room No. 5 336 Brownsville School Room No. 6 337 Brownsville School Room No. 7 338 Brownsville School Room No. S 339 Brownsville School Room No. 9 340 Bridgeport School Room No.l 352 Bridgeport School Room No. 2 353 Bridgeport School Room No. 3 354 Bridgeport School Room No. 4 355 Bridgeport School Room No. 5 356 Bridgeport School Room No. 6 357 Bridgeport School Room No. 7 358 Bridgeport School Room No. 8 359 Bridgeport School Room No. 9 360 Bridgeport School Room No. 10 361 West Brownsville School Room No. 1 372 West Brownsville School Room No. 2 373 West Brownsville School Room No. 3 374 West Brownsville School Room No. 4 375 CHURCHES. Christ's Episcopal Church, Brownsville 380 Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Bridgeport 395 Methodist Episcopal Church, First, Brownsville 38(i Methodist Episcopal Church, Second, Bridgeport 399 Methodist Episcopal Church, African, Bridgeport 401 Presbyterian Church, Brownsville 383 Roman Catholic Church, Brownsville 388 St. John's Chapel, West Brownsville 403 BANKING INSTITUTIONS. First National Bank (Sky Scraper), Uniontown 444 Monongahela National Bank, Brownsville 320 National Deposit Bank, Bridgeport 320 Second National Bank, Brownsville 320 Index ()37 FINE RESIDENCES. PACE. Bowman, Chas. W., Brownsville, Residence of 191 Hogg, Mary, Brownsville, Residence of H)l Pearsall, Samuel H., (dec'd), Bridgeport, Residence of ISl) Pearsall, Daniel H., Bridgeport, Residence of 287 Rogers, Roland C, Bridgeport, Residence of 191 Snowden, Chas., L., Brownsville, Residence of 189 Taylor, Samuel E., Brownsville, Residence c': 189 RAILROAD VIEWS. Connellsville Cen. R. R. Bridge across Dunlap's Creek 119 Cut Through Market Street, Connellsville Central R. R 118 Great Curve on Monongahela Railroad 113 Last Car Entering Tunnel at " Point. " 118 Monongahela R. R. Crane No. 1 115 Monongahela R. R. Train at Masontown Ill Monongahela R. R. Bridgeport Yards 159 Moving Steam Shovel Along High Street Bridgeport 118 "Point" before cut at mouth of Redstone Creek 108 " Point" after cut at mouth of Redstone Creek 109 Pennsylvania R. R. Bridge at " Point " 116 River Bank Back of "Neck" Before Fill 106 River Bank Back of " Neck" After Fill 107 Union Railroad Station, Brownsville 94 RIVER VIEWS. Busy Day at Mouth of Dunlap's Creek 137 First Iron Bridge in United States, over Dunlap's Creek 178 High Water on Krepps' Bottom 137 High Water in West Brownsville, July 1 1 , 1888 308 Ice Going Out on Monongagela River 180 Old Wooden Bridge 137 Old Steamer Chieftain 137 Steamer Columljia 134 PRESENT INDUSTRIES. Aul)rey Planing Mill, West Brownsville 149 Brownsville Brewery, Bridgeport 161 Derrick of the Elwood Nat. Gas. Co., Elwood Farm 168 Diamond Coal Works, West Brownsville 151 Gregg's Machine Shop, West Brownsville 149 Hamburger Distillery, Ltd., Bridgeport 149 Herbertson's Son's J., Machine Shop, Bridgeport 143 Old Mason Mill, now Eclipse, Bridgeport : 143 638 Index PAGE. Old Miller Mill, now Champion, Bridgeport 143 Peoples Coal Co's Works, Brownsville 152 River Coal Co's Plant, Bridgeport 159 Thompson's Distillery, West Brownsville 149 Wright's Marble and Granite Works, Bridgeport 143 OLD LANDMARKS. Birthplace of Hon. James G. Blaine, West Brownsville 309 Birthplace of Hon. Philander C. Knox, Brownsville 265 Historic " Falling Rocks," up Dunlap Creek 281 Jones' Old Distillery, Bridgeport 163 Krepps' Historic "Knob" Overlooking the Three Towns 151 "Little Brick" School House, Bridgeport 163 Nemacolin Castle-Charles W. Bowman's Yard, Brownsville. . . 263 Old Fort Brabill, Bridgeport 17 Old Pringle Boat Yard, West Brownsville 142 Old Snowdon Machine Shops, Bi'ownsville 147 Old Stone School House, Bridgeport 163 Old Warehouse, Brownsville 163 Old Fort Burd Well, Brownsville 17 Peter Hunt's Famous Skating Rink 186 OLD RELICS. Ground Plan of Old Fort Burd, Brownsville 17 Mayflower "Compact " 183 Mirror that hung in Cabin of Mavflower 185 Old Relic of the Mound Builders .' 15 Snuff Box that was brought over on the Mayflower 185 Thomas FauUs' Steam Engine 144 Two Gun Boats built by J. Snowdon & Son during the War. . . . 147 MISCELLANEOUS Blaine Monument, Catholic Cemetery, Brownsville 390 Bridgeport's Beautiful Cemetery 292 Bridgeport's Public Fountain 285 " Excelsior" Literary Society-1868 345 Fayette County Court House, Uniontown 31 Fayette County Home, near Uniontown 32 Large View of the "Three Towns" 131 Modern Coke Plant 45 Pen Sketch of the "Three Towns" 139 Tombstone of Hartraft and Drum, killed during the War 59 Tombstone of Jno. H. Washington 258 Tombstone of Archibald Washington 258 Tombstone of Thomas Brown, Founder of Brownsville 258 INDHX TO ADVnRTISEIHENTS. l>aKc. Adams, I.IomI, Barber 6S9 Abraham. Dr. A. C. Dentist 658 Acklin, Bertha V., Dress Maker 678 Alexander, Hotel 680 Altman, John, Tailor Side even Pages in Directory Armstrong, J. I)., Drug Co Top even Pages in Director} Atwood Hotel 6.S6 Barr House 649 Belle Vernon Enterprise 648 Bro\vns\ ille Brewing Co Map, bottom Directory Pages, and . 683 Bucher Engra\ ing Co. 686 Bulger Bros., Tailors 666 Cottom, H. A., Attorney at Law 6S8 Coulter, John H., Hardware 670 Craft, James S., Dr> Goods 681 Dunlap Coal Compan> 684 Elhvood Natural Gas and Oil Co 676 First National Bank, Uniontown 67.? Frisco Railroad 647, 679 Qadd, Frank M., Blacksmith 672 Graham, Dr. H. D., Dentist 6,S8 Gray, James H.. Groceries Top odd Pages in Directory Griffin, E. C, Dry Goods 669 Hagan's, I. N. Sons, Ice Cream M'f'g'rs, Uniontown 64(j Hamburger Distiller\, Limited 66,S Higinbotham, J. C, Lumber Map Hormell, H. H. & Son, Clothing 6.S 1 Huston, Dr. J. A., Dentist 658 Jeffries, T. A., Real Estate and Insurance Map Kenned\, R. P., Counselor at Law 684 Kennedy and Clavbaugh, Plumbers 674 Kennevi C. L., Electroplating 654, 685 Kenney. C. L. and C. W., Civil Engineers 668 Lenhart, Geo. \\ . & Son, Insurance Map Madera, Bruce, Harness Maker 668 Marshall & Hart, Real Estate 641, 655, 671 Marshall, Harry Side odd Pages in Directory Michener & Hormell, Shoes 64.? Mitchell, \\ m. C, Laundry 667 Monongahela House — 65« Monongahela National Bank Map Moore, Geo. L.. Hardware. 662 Moorhead, Q. S., Jeweler 664 National Deposit Bank Map Pennsylvania Hotel 645, 682 People's Lumber Co., Monessen 653 Perry, W. A., Pianos and Organs 678 Pratt's Studio, Photographs 657 Rathmell Bros., Druggists 66.? Ross, J. T.. Furniture and Undertaking 644 Sentinel Publishing Co., California ,, ^■^'* Second National Bank Map Sharpnack & Conellv, Furniture and Undertaking Map Smith, Dr. A. C, Physician 684 Spence, M. B. & Co , Contractors and Builders 677 Stewart, Robert J., Plumber Map Theakston, Frank B., Jeweler 660 Thornton, James I. & Sons, Pop Manufacturers 642 Tubb's Business College 675 Weekly Monitor <^^(> Woodfill Bros., Dairymen ■ . ■ 66 1 Wright's, T. S. Sons, Marble Works Map (339 \V MANUFACTURERS ^ f CV • AND SHIPPERS OF 'O ICE CREAM Made from Pure Jersey Cream. BRICKS AND FANCY SHAPES .... A SPECIALTY--— Tlie Quality of Our Cream is Unexeelled. IF YOUR LOCAL DEALER DOES NOT HANDLE IT, PHONE US ; WE LL DO THE REST. SPECIAL PRK ES TO SOCIALS AND FESTIVALS REME31BER, We are also Proprietors ot THE HAOAN RESTAURANT OPPOSITE P. R. U. OKPOT. "TriltS' 254. UNIONTOWN, PA. 640 IF YOU WANT A HOUSE A LOT A BUSINESS LOCATION A FARM ^^E HAVE IT THE ^WOOT)^V^ARD FLACE PLAN OF LOTS Can't be "beat in. the JVIonongaliela "\^alley for cheapness, taking into consideration size, location and. ternis. Only fifteen iiiinxxtes ■walk fi'om. the XJnion Station. Call on or -write MARSHALL & HART, BEAL, ESTATE EXCLUSIVE, Both Phones. CA.D^VA.LLA.IDER, PA.. 641 JAS. I. THORNTON. JAS. B. THORNTON. C. A. THORNTON. JAS. I. THORNTON &: SONS, MANUFACTURERS OF Pure Bottled Soda Water A BROWNSVILLE, PA. 042 FEET FIRST You always notice one's feet first. If they look well you take it for granted that they are well dressed. Our Special $o.(M) and $15. oO Shoes for Men, and Women permit them to DRESS THEIR FEET WELL AND AT A MODERATE PRICE. Honest leather and honest work by superior bench shoemakers. This is the way our Shoes are made. The best leather fashioned in the best forms. If you pin your faith to this Shoe Store you will never be disappointed. MICHENER & HORMELL "NECK." 643 FEDERAL, PHONE 30. BELL, PHONE 92 W J. T. ROSS, FURT^^ITXJRE Funeral Director and Enibalmer, '*NECK," BROWNSVILLE, PA. 644 Zbc lp>enn6^lvania. lAMES RISBECK. I'lopiictor '^(Un '-^'U;i/, 1 ***! t A NEW HOTEL AS GOOD AS THE BEST. BROWNSVILLE, PA. 645 ALL THE NEWS OF THE THREE TOWNS AND SURROUNDING TERRITORY The We ekly Monitor EDWIN P. COUSE EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR Issued Every Friday. $ 1 .OO a Year BROWNSVILLE, PA. Sworn Circulation, Exceeding 1 , 1 OO Copies Weekly Reaches Intelligent Buyers in a Productive Field JOB PRINTING IN BEST MODERN STYLES SPECIAL RULED WORK AND BINDING 646 r full Information, Literature, etc., write or call on D. H. Maloney, General Agent, Pittsburg, Pa. 647 IlBelle t)ernon ^Enterprise L. M. TRUXAL, Proprietor. Best Advertising' Medium in tlie 3[ononj>aliela Valley. It is a wide-awake Weeklj Paper at $1.00 per jear. Book and Commorcial Printing Neatly and Promptly Done SOCIETY PRINTING A SPECIALTY. 648 BARR HOUSE J. E. RICKARD, Proprietor. Near the POST OFFICE, at Bridgeport end of Monong-ahela Bridg-e, BRIDGEPORT, PA. Most Convenient Location in the Three Towns. First-Class in Every Respect. EXCELLENT BAR IN CONNECTION. 649 H. L. LAMB. A. H LAMB. ^Sentinel PublishingCompany PRINTS PUBLISHERS California Sentinel. FINE COMMERCIAL WORK A SPECIALTY. Sentinel Publishing Co. CALIFORNIA, PA. 650 If It's ( oi'irrt. Iloniioirs Have II. * It takes a bright man to be a shining crarnp/c.^' There's a Custom Look to our Overcoats and Business Suits that is attained by no other maker of ready-made clothing. This accounts for their popu- larity among men who have been in the habit of having their clothing custom made. If HoniK'irs Have It, It's Correct. H. H. Hormell & Son BROWNSVILLE, PA. 651 Monongahela House J. S. RUSH, Proprietor. STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS. CENTRALLY LOCATED. GOOD SAMPLE ROOMS. BROWNSVILLE, PA. DIRECTLY OPPOSITE UNION STATION. 652 Tlie Peoples Liiiiiber Co. Contractors & buu^debs, AVlioh'salc and Rotail Ikcalcis in all Kinds of WORKED AND ROUGH T^UMBER, BUTI.DERS' SUPPLIES, HARDWARE AND GLASS. H. (;. CARROLL, Maxagek We are not the only Lumber Co. on earth, but we are in the business — First. t(» phrase tlie people: Seeond, to make a fail- profit: and Third, to be lionest to all: and if you are thinking- of building-, give us a chance before letting your contract. OFFICE, YAKD AND MIL.L,, Cor. nth and Doiiiier Ave. MONESSEN, PA. 653 ELECTROPLATING Gold, Silver, NicKel, Copper and Bronze Plating and FinisKing. (CI < Z < (J) > r w > > Z H w w o GOLD PLATING on WatcHes and Jewelry. SILVER PLATING on all Kinds of Tableware, Toilet Articles, Ornaments, "Watch Cases, etc. NICH.EL PLATING on all Kinds of Tools, Bicycle Parts, Revolvers, Plumbers' Supplies, Carriage and Harness Trimmings, etc., in Iron, Steel, Brass or Copper. I also refinisb Gas and otKer Fixtures eitHer in natural brass color and lacquer, or tHe popular antique copper; also in oxidized nicKel, AvHicH is sometHing ne-w and -will not tarnisH. I also refinisH Bronze Ornaments. Statuary, Brass Beds, etc. CALL OR WRITL FOR PRICES. C. L. RENNEY, SHOP. BRIDGEPORT, on tHe Hill, near Miller's Store BROWNSVILLE, PA. FEDHRAL PHONE No. 85. G54 I — lEi I ci> d? >^^ -]- 1 cz> r^ U WOODWARD PLACE Plan of Lots ^^ ON TH MAP LOXS 50x120 FEIEIX PRICEIS $250 to $600 $10 DOWN AND $10 A MONTH. NO TAXES FOR TWO YEARS. WATER, GAS ^ ELECTRIC LIGHT RIGHT AT HAND. MARSHALL & HART, Agents. BOTH PHONES. CADWALLADER, PA, 655 Federal Phones 148 and 52. Rates Reasonable. ATWOOD MOTEL, R. M. BYLAND, Ffoprietor. Recently Refurnished under New Management. FIRST CLASS BAR ATTACHED. West Brownsville, Fa. 656 PHDTDBRAPH5 with a very few exceptions, the entire lot of Photo- graphs from which the engravings in this book were made, are the product of the ^— Pratt Studio — -^ WM. D. PRATT. REBECCA D. PRATT. We keep in stock everything the amateur needs. We do developing and toning. Complete line of Cameras. Our line of Picture Frames is unsurpassed. Frames made to order on short notice at reasonable fates. ABRAMS BUILDING, BROWNSVILLE, PA. PHDTDBRAPH5 657 DR. H. D. GRAHAM DENTIST MonongaHela BanK Bviilding, BroAvnsville, Pa. Bell PKone ie>7-L Federal PKone 113 Office Hours — 9 to 12 a. m., 1 to 5 and 7 to 7.30 p. m. Rooms 22 and 23 PHones— Federal 14-2 Bell 12-L DR. A. C. ABRAHAM Dentist Iron Bridge Building Bro-wnsville, Pa. Office Hours— 8 to 12 a. m., 1 to 5 and 6.30 to 7.30 p. m. DR. J. A. HUSTON DENTIST Over Madera's Harness Store, Bro-wnsville, Pa. Office Hours — 8 to 12 a. m. 1 to 5 and 6.30 to 7.30 p. m. TUESDAYS THURSDAYS SATURDAYS H. A. COTTOM Attorney-at-Law p. O. BUILDING BROWNSVILLE, PA. 658 LLOYD ADAMS, TONSORiAL Parlor 'i..f». HOT AND COLD BATHS. ONLY FIRST-CLASS BARBERS EMFLOYED. 'OPPOSITE BARR HOUSE. 659 r. B. THEAKSTON Watches Clocks Jewelry Sterling Silver and Plated Ware, Bric=a=brac Cut Glass and Everything Found in a First=Class Jewelry Store ^^ REPAIRING E/MGRAVI/MG a Specialty Free All Work Guaranteed Iron Bridge Building Brownsville, Pa. Federal Telephone 660 WOODFILL BROS., DAIRYMEN WEST BROWNSVILLE, PENNA LEROY WOODFILL. PURE MILK AND CREAM^^ Delivered right to your door every day in the year. If you are not already a customer of ours, give us a trial. Physicians recommend our Milk for infants. Our aim is to please every one of our customers, and we do it 365 times a year. FEDERAL PHONE. \VOODFILL BROTHERS. 661 BKLL l*HONE 3r-L GEORGE L. MOORE HARDWARE AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS Harvesting Machinery a Specialty Complete Line Woven AVire Fenee Exclusive Agents for tlie Celebrated LAWRENCE PAINTS We make a Specialty of ("ateriiig to the Wants of the Farmer, and believe we can fit yon (uit with most anytliing you desire. GEORGE L. MOORE, BROWNSVILLE, PA. 662 RathmellBros, Leading Druggists PRESCRIPTIONS FILLED DAY AND NIGHT. BEST ICE CREAM SODAS IN TOWN Dealers In Paints, Oils and Window Glass Both Phones. BRIDGE AND WATER STS. 663 C ORRECT TIME Railroad Standard Jewelry :: Silverware Diamonds G. S. MOORHEAD *^i^ EXPERT =-^^ Watchmaker and Optician BROWNSVILLE, PA. 664 ^Bridgeport The World's Most Famous Whisk ey.^.^^^-^ Unequal ed anyw/^ere The smiling sun-kissed rye fields are concentrated in this wfy'skey Joy in every drop, a laugh in every gtass and not a l^ead-ache in a barrel : : dAn American whiskey for Americans BOTTLED IN BOND G. W, Jones Monongahela Rye The wl^iskey your grand- fa t/^er grew young in drinking It will keep you in the best spirits The Hamburger Distillery, Limited BROWNSVILLE, PA. 665 WM. H. BULGER R. R. BULGER Bulger Bros trailers BFRO\A/rM3VIL.L-IB, F>A. ESTABLISHED 1883 666 WE GATHER LAUNDRY MONDAYS AND WEDNESDAYS WE DELIVER LAUNDRY WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS Wm. C. Mitchell and Albert Woods, Agents Leave Laundry at .^ Mitchell's Lunch Rooms in the "Neck." 667 C. L 'Iis, and liave an inexhaustible supply of tias. HOME COMPANY. EXCELLENT SERVICE. Office, Room .">, Iron Bridge Blrtg-. BROAVNSVILLE, PA. 676 M. B. SPENCE & CO. CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS 5 S. PLANS AND ESTIMATES FURNISHED PRAME WORK A SPECIALTY Room 32 Iron Bridge Building, p. O. Box 92 Cadwallader. Pa. BROWNSVILLE, PA. F. L MAGEE, Manager. 677 BERTHA V. ACKLIN, DRESS MAKER, ABRANI'S BUILDING, BROWNSVILLK, PA. W. A. PERRY, PIANOS AND ORQANS, CADW^AIvIvADKR, PA. Representing W^. K, FREDERICK, Of Un^iontowri emd Rittsburg. 678 For full Information, Literature, etc., write or call on D. H. Maloney, General Agent, Pittsburg, Pa. 679 aician^er Ibotel Brownsville, pa. Henry G. Johnson, propr. rates. $2.00 per day. 680 Sfmnrei^. Craft DRY GOODS, CLOAKS, SUITS, TRIMMINGS, CARPETS. Mr. Craft bought and took charge of this Dry Goods Emporium January ist, 1904, and thoroughly remodeled, refitted and restocked it. He has made it one of the most popular mercantile establishments in Brownsville. Mr. Craft was not new to the business, having served with A. A. Carmack, from whom he bought it, five years, making many friends. 681 Zhc (bcnne^lvanta. .TAMES RISBECK, Proprietor. A NEW HOTEL AS GOOD AS THE BEST. BROWNSVIT.LE, PA. 682 THE BROWNSVILLE BREWING COMPANY Has the largest and finest equipped Brewery in the Monongahela Valley . . . VISITORS ALWAYS CORDIALLY RECEIVED 683 ' LEA^VE YOUR ORDER won YOTJR "WINTER CO^!^L AVITH THE DUNL AP COAL COMPANY JAMES LONG, Manager. Coal Delivered to all parts of the Tom^ti. Nothing like a nice Coal fire to sit by on the cold winter evenings. Call lis on Bell Phone 135-11, or 133-J. R. P. KENNEDY, Counselor at Law, uniontown, pa. iVLFRED C. SMITH, M. 13. PHYSICIAN ^^ SUROEON HIGH & BRIDGE SXS. BRIDGEPORT. §84 ELECTROPLATING Gold, Silver, NicKel, Copper and Bronze Plating and FinisHing. < O < (^ r r w > > 2: w o GOLD PLATING on "WatcHes and Jewelry. SILVE.R PLATING on all Kinds of Tableware, Toilet Articles, Ornaments, "WatcH Cases, etc. NICKEL PLATING on all Kinds of Tools, Bicycle Parts, Revolvers, Plximbers' Supplies, Carriage and Harness Trimmings, etc., in Iron, Steel, Brass or Copper. I also refinish Gas and other Fixtures either in natural brass color and lacquer, or tHe popular antique copper; also in oxidized nicKel, -whicH is sometHing ne-w and -wrill not tarnisH. I also refinish Bronze Ornaments. Statuary, Brass Beds, etc. CALL OR W^RITL FOR PRICES. C. L. HENNEY, SHOP, BRIDGEPORT, on the Hill, near Miller's Store. FILDLRAL PHONL No. 85 BROWNSVILLE, PA. 685 How Do You Like The engravings in this book? They were all made by the BICHER ENGRAVING CO. 80H N. High Street, COLIMBIS, 0. Our prices are right. Give us a trial. Lnsurpassed equipment for turning out quick work . . m XI 22 686 -i. vl>' - v> ^^^V^^ s. " Ct- ft « 2> -i a^ oV' .V^/o - ^V. ^>^^.^/^■ .-^^ cO 4, *. '^^ ^" (.'1 '■*;'^ '^^^V ■'^ ,x^ « * V'o CP- > -%. 7-^ .0° r :-A ^ a-f \V -^^ "(b LIBRARY OF CONGRESS IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIM 014 312 688 2