B()()k__ /fvS U 5 PHKSKNTliU BY HOW NEWPOET'S NEWS ^ GOT ITS NAME. cm BONO? B. W. GREEN RICHMOND: WM. ELLIS JONES, BOOK AND JOB PRINTER. 1907. 'A5 twenty two left the Bay, or Cape Henry a sterne. . . . Supplies for Virginia. [Pp. 120-129]. . . . Ships and People. [Pp. 143-144]. . . . [1020.] The Governours [Sir George Yeardley] arrivall in Virginia, at the end of the last Summer, with nine ships, and neere seven hundred people all safely, and in good health. The admirable deliverance of divers ships; and namely of the Tiger, [p. 145]. . . . [1021.] Patents granted this yeere . . . No. 10. To Mas- ter Daniell Gookin. . . . Newes from Virginia in Letters sent thence 1021. In the three last yeeres of 1619. 1020. 1021. there hath been pro- vided and sent for Virginia two and fortie saile of ships, three thousand five hundred and seventie men and women for Planta- tion, with requisite provisions, besides store of Cattle, and in those ships have beene above twelve lumdred Mariners imployed: . . . In which space have been granted fiftie Patents to particular per- sons, for Plantation in Virginia, who with their Associates have undertaken therein to transport great multitudes of peojiflp and cattle thither, which for the most part is since performed, and the residue now in preparing, as by several Declarations of each yeere in their particulars, (manifested and approoved in«pur. generall and publike Quarter-Courts) and for the fuller satisfacuon of all desirous to understand the particularities of such proceedings, hath 53 beene by printing commended to the understanding of all. Sir Prancis Wiat was sent Governour into Virginia, who arrived there in November, 1621. with Master George Sandys Treasurer, Master Davison Secretarie, &c. In the nine ships sent in that Fleet died but one Passenger of seven hundred, in whose roome there was another borne at Sea. [p. 149]. . . . Master Gookin arrived also out of Ireland with fiftie men of his owne, and thirtie Passengers well furnished."^ . . . The Massacre so affrighted all that it was concluded, that all the pettie Plantations should be left, to make good a few places (some says five or six) whither for want of Boats their goods and cattell could not be suddenly conveyed, but that much was exposed to the Savages cruell gleanings. Master Gookins at Nuports newes, having thirtie five of all sorts with him refused that order, and made good his part against the Savages. . . . Cap- taine Nuse and Captaine Crawshav/e are much for providence and valour commended. Waters and his wife were kept prisoners by the Nansamuds . . . they found opportunitie to get into a Canoa, and escaped to Kecoughtan. Captaine [Thomas] Nuce [at Ke- coughtan] called his Neighbours together when he heard of the Massacre, entrenched himselfe, and mounted three Peeces of Ord- nance, so that in foure dayes hee was strong enough to defend him- selfe against all the Barbarian forces, [p. 169]. -^ John Newport and Gookin may have been Associates in this Plan- tation, as reference is made to the two in nearly the same words. The name Newport's News was given before and Gookin settled above "New- port's News,' towards Maries Movmt. 54 XI. E. D. NIELL— VIRGINIA VETUSTA. "George Sandys, the treasurer of the Colony, wrote to Deputy Ferrar that Sir William Newce" in October, 1G22, had come 'with a very few of weak and unserviceable people, ragged, and with not abo'^^e a fortnight's provision, some bound for three years, a few for five, and most upon wages.' "'^ . . . "Xewce died in a short time, and Sandys mentions that for the five men that should have been delivered to him, he was glad to receive 'a page dead, before de- livered,' and 'another little boy hardly worth his victuals.' "'* Afterwards in 1622, Smith speaks of Master Gookins at "Nu- ports-newes.""^ "Letter of William Capps. Elizabeth City. 31 March, 1623. To Deputy Ferrar. . . . You would make all men forsweare yo'r deal- ing for you know I was awarded xxx lb and ])y yo'r means I was not to have it my selfe but was to adventure it w'tli Sr Wyllm Naughtworth (Sir William Newce) He dying in Virginia the Threar (George Sandys) seizeth of all and there is an end of that and my 7 yeares toyle in breeding of Swyne and Capt Newce [? Thomas] hath Avth his Company devowered them almost all ^ 'Newce had served as a captain against the Spaniards at Kinsale, and was one of the English colonists in Ireland. Captain [who was afterwards (1622) Sir] William Newce was in 1613 chosen first Mayor of Bandon. He laid out a town opposite Bandon called Newce's Town and the conjecture that Newport, Va., v/as first called Newce's Port may be true. In April, 1621, he offered to plant a Colony in Virginia. His relative Thomas Newce, was a Councillor, and he [Sir William] was Marshal of Virginia.' Note by Neill. Virginia Vetusta. Edward D. Neill. Albany, N. Y., 1885. [There is no record that the place was ever called Newce's Point; only nineteenth century "conjectture."] ^ "Newport's newes. Mr. Daniell Gookines Muster. 1624-25." Hotten's Original Lists of Emigrants, 1600-1700, p. 243. ^ Neill. Virg. Co. of Lond., pp. 284-295. ^=Capt. John Smith. Works, Arber's edition, p. 584. Called "New- port's Newes" on Fry and Jefferson's Map, 1787. See Virg. Co. of Lond., p. 294. See also map in the Dinwiddle Papers, Virg. Hist. Soc, Rich- mond, 1883. Neill. Virginia Vetust., p. 119. 55 wtli himselfe and those men you sent to him & there is an end of that, . . . Captainc Newce he cutts our throates on the other side and he letts in the Indians and that while the other provides to kill all the sw^^ne as it were of sett purpose to overthrow all who must make this good againe.'"* "... Next for Sr Wm. Newce he came indeed into the Contrey and dyed and Mr. Sandys he gripes all for the Companie for all yo'r Order of Court and if you looke well ahout you may see the just hand of God on that very place. For by true Report since the day it was torne from us there have dyed above a hundred more by halfe than ever dyed there in eleaven yeare before and one him- selfe.'"' . . . "In March, 1G32, Rolfe died ... His lands near Mul- berry Island were given to his wife during her life, and then to his daughter Jane. (Xote: He had by patent 400 acres in Tappahan- nock and with his father-in-law and others, 1700 acres near Mul- berry Island.'"'* ^''Neill. Virg. Vetust, pp. 128-129. "Neill. Virg. Vetust, p. 132. ^^ Neill. Virg. Vetust, p. 141. 56 XII. E. D. NEILL— VIRGINIA CAROLORUM. "16 May, 1631. Among those prominent at this period in colon- izing Virginia was Daniel Gookin"* of Carrigaline/" a few miles south of Cork, on the shores of Cork Harbor, Ireland. In 1621, he determined to begin a plantation in Virginia, near that of his friend Sir William Newce'^ and his brother Thomas Kewee." "Xote: Gookin in ISTovember, [1621] arrived at Newport News in the ship Flying Hart, Cornelius Johnson, a Dutchman, being master thereof, and established a plantation where he made a brave stand against the Indians the following March. [1622] Soon after the massacre Governor Wyatt and wife paid him a visit, and he returned to England in the ship, which brought news of the slaughter of more than three hundred of the settlers. In 1623, the ship "Providence" again brought more servants for his land, and he may have been a passenger, but after this time he does not ap- pear to have been a resident, for any long period. It is probable his son Daniel, attended to his affairs in Virginia, while he looked after his interests in England and Ireland. In a petition dated March 11, 1631, he mentioned that he has been 'for many years a great well wisher to new plantations, and planter and adven- turer in most of them' and asks for a grant of a certain island which he is credibly informed lies between the 50th and 65th degree of north latitude, named St. Brandon or Isle de Verd, about three leagues from the Blasques of Ireland." "... De Vries, the Dutch Captain, writes that on the 20th of March, 1633, he an- -*Neill. Virginia Carol., p. 81. "Note: He was the sou of John Gookin of Ripple Court, Kent County, England, and with his brother Sir Vin- cent, settled in Ireland; Vincent settled at Bandon, Cork County. '"' Another Carrigallen is put down in the Century Atlas in Leitrim in the north of Ireland. ^^ Neill. Virg. Carol., p. 81. "Captain, afterwards Sir William Newce, laid out a suburb of Bandon called Newce's Town, and in 1613, was mayor of Bandon. He appointed marshall of Virginia, and in October, 1622, arrived there at Newport News, and soon died." 57 chored at evening, before Newport Sniiw, where lived a gentle- man of the name of Goegen (Gookin).' "^^ "Note : The Governor and Council of Virginia under date of January, 1622, wrote to the London Company: 'There arrived here about the 22 of November, a shipp from Mr. Gookin out of Ireland wholly upoun his owne Adventure, without any returne at all to his contract w'th you in England, w'ch was soe well fur- nished with all sortes of p'visions as well as with Cattle as we could wyshe all men would follow theire example, hee hath also brought with him about 50 men upon that adventure, besides some 30 other Passengers, we have accordinge to their desire sented [? seated] them at Newport's News, and we do conceive great hope yrff the Irish Plantation p'sper, yt from Ireland great multitude of people will be like to come hither. . . . Mr. Pountis hath had some conference with ye Mr. of the Irish shipp, a Dutchman, who is so far in love with this Countrey, as he intendeth to returne hith- er.' "'' «-Neill. Virg. Carol., pp. 82-83. '^ Neill. Virg. Carol, p. 82. 58 XIII. VIRGINIA AND VIRGINIOLA. "On the 19tli of December the vessels started down the Thames, but owing to the weather, did not sail from the Downs until the 1st of January, 1606-7. Newport in command of the fleet, sailed in the 'Susan Constant,' a ship of one hundred tons, with seventy- one passengers. The zealous promoter of the project. Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, and fifty-two colonists in the 'Godspeed,' [Goodspeed] a small vessel of fifty tons; and Captain Eatcliffe, with twenty others, sailed in the 'Discovery,' a pinnace of only twenty tons burthen.'"'* "In the autumn of the year 1608 he [Newport] completed his third voyage'" to Jamestown bringing seventy passengers, among them Francis West, brother of Lord Delaware, Daniel Tucker, and Ealeigh Crashaw.™ For the fourth time he left England for JamestoAvn with Gates and Somers, but was wrecked at Bermudas, and did not arrive until the 23d of May, 1610, at Jamestown. On November 8, 1610, Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Maurice Berkeley, Sir George Coffin and the distinguished law- yer Eichard Martyn, styled on his portrait "Praeco Virginiae ac Parens," attorney and founder of Virginia, entered a book at Sta- tioners' Hall, praising the soil and climate of Virginia, and con- fronting scandalous reports. When Sir Thomas Dale (in 1611) arrived at Jamestown he was much disappointed in the appear- ance of the country and prospects of the Colony; and the authori- ties of Virginia, in a communication to the London Company, stated that 'he pulled Captain Newport by the beard and threat- ened to hang him for that he affirmed Sir Thomas Smith's relation to be true, demanding of him whether it were meant that the people in Virginia should feed upon trees.' In the autumn of 1611 the ship Star, of 300 tons, fitted and prepared in England, with scup- per-holes^ to take in masts, sailed from Jamestown with forty fine ^* H. D. Neill. Virginia and Virginiola, p. 4. ^ H. D. Neill. Virginia and Virginiola, p. 14. ^ Strackey, in Hakluyt Society Publications, Vol. VI, p. 132. He car- ried back on his return iron ore which was smelted and sold to the East India Company. ^ Timber-ports in the bows. 59 and large pines. In this vessel Newport was probably a passenger. John Chamberlain, of London, on December 18, 1611, writes to Sir Dudley Carleton : 'jSTewport, the Admiral of Virginia is newly come home.' Soon after this he was appointed one of six Masters in the Koyal Navy, and was employed by the East India Company to carry Sir Eobert Sherley to Persia. He was then a married man, as that company allowed £24 to his wife during his absence. On the 13th of June, 1613, he was in the ship Expedition at Saldanha, on the coast of Africa. He returned to England in the summer of 1614, and was much commended by his employers for his ser- vice to Sir Eobert Sherley and the explorations of the Persian Gulf. Before making another voyage to the East Indies Newport re- quested a salary of £240, but the Company advised him to ^rest awhile,' and at length he accepted a salary of £120 a year; one half of what he desired. Captain Thomas Barwick was also em- ployed by the Company at this time, and a request of Captain Ar- gall was referred to Newport for consideration.^^ Before he left Gravesend in January, 1615, the East India Company raised his salary to £180 a year, with the understanding that he was not to trade upon his own account with the people of India, China and Japan. On the 16th of May, 1617, Newport was at Saldanha ready to sail for Bantam, on the isle of Java. In January, 1618, the ship Hope, Captain Newport, was cruising in Asiatic waters. He arrived in August at Bantam, and soon died there. He had but one child, named John."^* "At a meeting of the Virginia Com- pany, of London, held on the 17th of November, 1619, the fol- lowing minute was made : 'Wliereas, the Company hath formerly granted to Captain Newport a bill of adventure for 400 pounds, and his son now desiring order from this court for the laying out of some part of the same, Mr. Treasurer [Sir Edwin Sandys] was authorized to write to Sir George Yeardly and the Counsell of State for the effecting thereof.' The land selected was probably called Newport's News. Mrs Mary Tue, a daughter of Hugh ^P. 15. ^ He had two sons, Christopher, and John, and two daughters. 60 Crouch, did assign, in 1()22, one Imndrcd and fifty acres of lands at "Newport's News" to Daniel Gookin. Captain Thomas Bar- wick, who had heen in the same fleet with Newport in the P^ast Indies, in 1619, in a fight with the Hollanders near Bantam, gave up the ship Bear, says an old letter, either 'out of cowardliness or sincerity of religion.' Upon his return to England, in 1620, he was sent to Newgate and then to the Marshalsea." . . . "John 0. Halliwell, whose painstaking research has thrown much light upon the writings of Shakespeare, discovered a poetical tract, 'Newes from Virginia,' published in A. D. 1610, in the library of the Earl of Charlemont, in Dublin, and knowing of no other copy in existence, in 1865, he had twenty-five copies printed, of which fifteen were destroyed, and ten were distributed." (On August 16, 1611, John Wright, bookseller, entered at Stationers' Hall 'A Bal- lad.' The last ncM's from Virginia, being an encouragement to all others to follow that nol)le enterprise,) As the earliest narrative which was ])uljlished of tlie wreck of the Sea Venture, upon the Island of Devel's, otherwise called Berraoothawes, it is of interest to the students of early English colonization of America.^" The writer, 1'. Eich, was one of those on board tlie Sea Venture, at the time of the wreck, and in a brief preface to the poem calls himself a 'soldier blunt and plain.' In the list of the adventurers of the Virginia Company appear the names of Sir Eobert Eich, who con- tributed seventy-five pounds, and one Eobert Eich, who paid twelve pounds and ten shillings. ... In 1619, Eich, now become the Earl of Warwick hired Captain Thomas Jones to go to A'irginia." . . . "The poem of Eich is of interest not only on account of its great rarit}'-, but also of its being the first printed account of the wreck of the Sea Venture. It was introduced to the reading public in a small quarto with the following title : Newes From Virginia. ! The Lost Flocke Triumphant; | With the happy Arrival of | that famous and worthy Knight Sr Thomas | Gates : and the well re- puted and valient | Captaine Mr. Christopher Newporte, and | others into England. With the manner of their distresse in the Hand | of Devils (other wise called Bermoothawes) | where they *'* See Rich's poem in Virginia and Virginiola, p. 17, et seq. 61 remayned 42 weekes, and | builded two Pynaces, in which | they returned into | Virginia. | By R. Ricli, Gent., one of the voyage. | London : Printed by Ewd. Allde, and are to be solde by John | Wright, at Christ-Church dore. 1610."" . . . ''To the Header: Are full eight hundred worthy men, some noble, all of fashion." . . . "From 'Early Settlement of Virginia and A'irginiola, as no- ticed by Poets and Players.' Rev. Edward D. Neill. A. B. 1878." "Captain Newport's Discoveries, Virginia, May 21 — June, 1607. A Relatyon of the Discovery of our Eiver, from James Forte into the Mayne; made by "Captain Christopher Newport, (a mariner well practiced for the western parts of America) and sincerely written and observed by a Gentleman of the Colony.*' "Captain Newport was one of the Council." . . . "May 21, [1607] Thursday, the 21st of May, Capt. Newport (having fitted our shallop with provision and all necessaryes belonging to a dis- covery) tooke five gentlemen, four maryners, and fourteen saylors; with whom he proceeded, with a perfect resolutyon not to returne, but either to finde the head of this ryver, the laake mentyoned by others heretofore, to sea againe, the mountaynes Apalatsi, or some issue. The Names of the dyscoverers are thes : — Capt. Christop. Newport. George Percye, Esq. Capt. Gabriell Archer. Capt. Jhon Smyth. Mr. Jhon Brooks. Mr. Tho. Wootton. Maryners Francis Nellson, John Collson, Robert Tyndall, Mathew Fytch. 1. Jonas Poole. 2. Robert Markham. 3. John Crookdeck. 4. Olyver Browne. 5. Benjamin White. G. Rych. Genoway. 7. Tho. Turnbrydg. 8. Tho. Godward. !). Robert Jackson. 10. Charles Clarke. 11. Stephen [sic]. 12. Thomas Sk3^nner. 13. Jeremy Deale. 14. Danj^ell [sic]." ". . . June 21. Sondaye. We had a communyon." "Capt. New- port dyned ashore with our dyet, and invyted many of us to supper as a farewell." . . . "Newport then sailed for England, and prob- ably carried this full and intersting journal with him." "Some of the earlier writers sa}^ Newport sailed on the 15 [June, 1607] ; but the date is clearly wrong." p. 21. ■^Virginia and Virginiola, p. 17, p. 18, et seg. ... p. 23. *- The "Gentleman of the Colony" is supposed to be Gabriel Archer. Captain John Smith. Works, Arber's edition, pp. xl-xlv. 62 From Transactions of the American Antiquarian Society. VoL IV, 1861. "Popham Side, — north side of James Eiver. Salisbury Side — • south side." "Arahatec's Joye"; "Powhatan's Tower"; "Pa- maunche's Pallace." 63 XIV. RECORDS VIRGINIA CO. OF LONDON. London, Nov. 17, 1G19. "Wliereas the Company hath formerly graunted to Captaine Xewporte a bill of Adventure of fower hun- dred pounds, and his sonne*'' now desyringe order from this Courte for the layinge out some parte of the same, Mr Treasurer was en- treated and Autliorized by this general Assembly for to write to Sr George Yeardley and the Counsell of State for the affecting hereof."" "May 17, 1620. Deputy to governe the publique Land in Vir- ginia . . . Mr Thomas Nuce, touchinge whome it was agreed that hee should take charge of the Companies Land and Tennentes in Virginia whatsoever and for his entertaynmt have ordered that hee and such as shall succeed him shall in that place have 1200 Acres of Land sett out belonging to that office, 600 att Kiquotan, now called Elizabeth Cittie 400 Acres at Charles Cittie, 100: att Henrico, att [ ? and] 100 : att James Cittie, and for the menaginge of this Land, have further agreed that hee shall have 40 : Ten- nentes to be placed ther vppon, whereof 20 to be sent presentlie and the other 20; in the 2 Springs ensuinge all w'ch beinge now putt to the question receaved a generall approbation of the Quarter Courte who gave also to Mr Nuce loOli towards ye furnishinge of himselfe out for that place"*"" June 23, 1620. . . . Sr Edwin Sandys farther moved that where- as itt is allredie agreed yt ye Gourm't of the Companies particularr Land is taken from Sr George Yeardly not that hee held him vnfitt for the menaginge therof butt by reason of his many other buisi- nisses, vnto w'ch place they have deputed Captaine Nuse agreeinge to send 20 men wth him presentlie for his owne benefit, and 20 more herafter, . . . desyringe those that shall succeed him to send *^ John Newport. ** The Records of the Virginia Company of London. The Court Book, from the Manuscript in the Library of Congress, 2 Vols. Washington. Government Printing Office, 1906. Vol. L, p. 274. ^^ Records Virginia Company of London, Vol. I, p. 349. 64 no base men.""' "June 28, 1620. Vppon notice from Sr George Yeardley y't the Councellors in Virginia must needs be supplyed, the Court hath now chosen Mr. Thorpe, Mr. Nuse, Mr Pountus, Mr Tracy, Mr Dauid Middleton, and Mr Bluett to be of the Councell of Estate in Virginia.'"' . . . "Likewise the Councellors of Estate in Virginia propounded in the forenoone were againe by the erreccon of hands confirmed, namely Mr Thorpe, Mr ISTuce, Mr Tracy, Mr Pountus, Mr Middleton, Mr Bluett and to them was now added Mr Horwood*' the eheife of Martines Hundred.'" "April 12, 1621. Whereas Captaine William Newce out of a generous disposicion and desire to advance the generall Plantacion in Virginia (being induced herevnto by reason of a good successe he had in Ireland vpan the like worthy Action) hath freely offered vnto the Company to transport at his owne costes and charges 1000 persons into Virginia betwixt this and midsomer, 1625: to be there planted and imployed vpon a perticular Plantacion : and intendeth to goe over himselfe in person, the better to direct and governe his owne people over whome he prayes, he may be appointed their Gen- erall and to that end desireth a Patent w'th that proporcion of land, and w'th such large and ample priviledges besides, as are usually srraunted to others in the like kind. And further aswell in con- sideration of the Chargebleness, of the enterprise he vndertakes, as also for his better encouragem't therevnto, he desireth the Com- pany would please graunt him the place of Marshal in Virginia, which office he effecteth the rather, because he hath ever been exer- cised in Military aif aires and Armes (as may appeare by his many worthy services performed in Ireland, well knowne to divers hono'ble : persons of this kingdome, who have testified the same sufficiently vpon their owne knowledge to his exceedinge great Com- mendacion) : And desires likewise that he may be allowed 50 : men to be placed as Tenants vpon the landes to be allotted vnto the said office Vch he vndertakes to transporte and furnish w'th apparell and necessary implementes for 81i: the person charge vnto the *'' Records Virginia Company of London, Vol. I, p. 371. *' Records Virginia Company of London, Vol. I, p. 379. ^"The name Harwood used to be called Horrod; the a is very broad. *" Records Virginia Coinpany of London, Vol. I, p. 383. 65 Company (whereof the Moytie he desires present payment) w'ch persons beinge there arryved he will maintaine and vphoiild at his owne charge from tyme to tyme duringe his continuance in the said office : The Court havinge therefore duely considered of his proposicions (concerning w'ch the Counsell had also treated w'th him formerly) were pleased to giue order that a Patent should be drawne for him, as ample as any other, with all manner of privi- lidges, saving the Tytle of Generall, w'ch they could not graunt him, because it was a tytle properly belonging to the Gouernor only. And forasmuch as Captaine Newce hath given so large a testimony of his experience and skill in Marshall discipline wherein he hath been exercised and imployed a long tyme, vpon many services in Ireland, as allso in matters of fortification and other warlike ex- perimentes no whitt inferior to any (as hath been also testified) and for that he hath also promised to imploy his best endeavors and service, to the good of that Plantacion (w'ch is like to proue a mat- ter of great consequence vnto it) in consideracion whereof allthough there be no present necessity or vse of such an officer in Virginia ( in reguard of the perpetuall league lately made betweene the Gou- ernor there and the Indyan Kinge) yet to gratifie his worthy vnder- takinge the Company are pleased to grant him the said place of Marshall, w'th 50 men to be his Tenantes.'""' "April 30, 1621. Whereas it hath been taken into consideration howe importantly necessary it is to establish two such officers in Virginia as Marshall and Treasurer whereby the one might take into his care and charge aswell the fortificacon Armes and forces of the Colony there, and to cause the people to be duely trayned vp in military services and in the use of Armes, and so from time to time mayntaine the greatest strength that may be against all forraigne invasions, . . . And for asmuch as Captaine William Newce hath been specially recommended vnto this Company by divers hono'ble : persons of this Kingdome the said office and service of Marshall as having ever been exercised in military affaires and Armes :^^ . . . And first for the place of Marshall the said Committees have allotted ^"Records Virginia Company of London, Vol. I, pp. 446-447. " Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 453. 6Q 1500: acres of land to be appropriated to that office forever;'^' And the number of 50 : persons to be placed as Tenants vpon the said landes which the said Captain William Newce hath vndertaken w'th one yeare after his arrivall in Virginia to procure and place vpon the said landes well furnished w'th all thinges necessary for the cultivatinge thereof and the same number to maintaine and keepe, and so to leave to his successor. In consideracion whereof they have agreed to pay vnto him the said Captaine Newce SOOli: in hand at the sealing of his Commission for that place and other SOOli : towards the discharge of his shipping and Marriners wages vpon their returne from Virginia, or in default thereof vpon Cer- tificate of the landing of his people in Virginia."^ . . . And con- cerning Captain Thomas Newce (the Companies deputy in Vir- ginia) aswell in discharge of a former promise made vnto him as also to thend his reward might be no lesse then others whose paines and desertes they doubted not but he would equall they have agreed to add 10: persons more (when the Comp: shalbe able) to make up his former number 50." The Committee thought meete also, that for all officers thus settled, the same priviledges (graunted vnto the said Captaine Thomas jSTewce deputy) should in like sort be given vizt: that whosoever for their sakes should bringe in any ad- venture of 12li 10s: the money so brought in, might be imployed for encreasing the numbers of men belonging to their places and likewise the hallf of all such old debtes due vnto the Company vpon subscription that shall be procured and brought in, by their meanes."^° ". . . The Court vpon like request passed these other shares fol- lowing vizt : . . . 3 shares from Mr Downes to Mr. John Smith. . . . Mr Capps having put a peticon to the Counsell and Committees at their last meeting, for satisfaccon of Certaine land w'ch he said ^- The land was attached to the office, and not to the holder of the office. ^ Captain William Newce was present, in London, at the meeting of a Praeparatiue Court for Virginia, 30 Aprilis, 1621. Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 453. '^Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 454. ^^ Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, pp. 454-455. 67 was taken^^ from him by the Gouernor : in Virginia at the arrivall of Captaine Newce [ ? Thomas] because the said land fell in that parte where the Companie had appointed and ordered there land should be sett out: The Counsell and Committees thought it not fitt vpon his report to make any such satisfaccion but to leave the matter to be fully examined by the Newe Governor : and therein they promised Justice and equity.^' . . . The Patent of Captaine Newce [ ? William] likewise reade and recommended.""' Capt. Wm Newce was present "At a Great and Generall Quarter Court held for Virginia on Wednesday the second of May, 1621 :"^ . . . "The patente to Captain Willm Newce being read and approved of by the Preparative Court, and nowe put to the question was con- firmed and ordered to be sealed." [May 2, 1621.]'"' "It being moved that two such eminent officers as the Marshall [Captain William ISTewce] and Treasurer wherevnto so worthy Gentlemen are now elected might be admitted both of his Ma'ts : Counsell here as also of the Counsell of State in Virginia. The Court conceaved it very fitt and ordered vnto them both accordingly""^ "Comittees to treat with Mr John Berkly about the Iron Workes . . . Capt W'm: Newce, Mr. lohn Smith. . . . The said Committee are likewise de- sired to drawe vp a Commission for Captain William Newce [Cap- tain Newse in margin] for the office of Marshall of Virginia to be ready for the Seale against the next Court, vnto w'ch authority is given by this Quarter Court [May 2, 1621] to applie the Seale vnto the said Commission being once approved.""'' May 23, 1621. "Mr John Smith acquainted the Company that there was a Gentleman of good Account and sufficiency whome he could name who would vndertake to procure and transport to Virginia at an easie rate (if so the Company please) a good number of men and maydes able to do them good service there to plant and to be imployed to ye ^ Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 460. " Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 461. ^Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 462. ^Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 463. ^"Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 466. " Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. 1, p. 468. •^ Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 472. 68 Companies behoofo w'ch offer tlie Court did very well approve as de- serving thankes but findinge themsellves vnable in Cash to go through witli so great a charge, thought fitt to respite the same till they might have better meanes to per forme it.""* . . . "June 11, 1621. Sr Edwyn Sandis signified that some of the Counsell had met at my Lo: of Southampton's howse, had conference of many howers together, about waightie buissinesses concerning Virginia: M'here they first tooke into tlicir consideratibn the establishing of the Counsell of State there as likewise concerning the Gouernor: and Secretary : whose Commissions continuing but for three yeares in certaine, did both expire in Novemb : next. In supply of the first they have allready made choyse of a worthy gentleman to be their Gouernor : namely Sr ffrauncis Wyate who was shortly to sett out to Virginia and to take his place at the expiration of Sr Geo: Yeardlyes Commission and not before : It was allso well knowne vnto them the choyse that had been made of two N^ewe officers namely of Mr George Sandys to be Treasuror of Virginia : and Sr William Newce to be their Marshall.'"'"' "June 11, 1621. Sr Edwin Sandys further signified that it was then allso taken into considera- tion and thought fitt that the Counsell of State in Virginia should assemble fower times a yeare each Quarter once for one wholl weeke together to advise and consult vppon matter of Counsell and of State and of the generall affaires of the Colony and as there shalbe cause to order and determine the greater matters of controversie growinge and arysinge betweene the Plantations their beinge now added a good nomber of new Counsellors to the former, namely. Mr Thorpe. Mr Tho: Newce. Mr. Pountis .Mr Tracye. Mr Dauid Mid- dleton. Mr Bluett. Mr Horwood. And now of late Mr William Newce, Mr George Sandys, and Mr Oulsworth.""" . . . "Itt was moved y't for soe much as his Ma'ty: had bestowed the honour of Knighthood vppon Sr William Nuce whome his Ma'ty was pleased to call his Knight Marshall of Virginia and hopeth to have a better Accompt of his doings then he hath had of others hetherto that hee "''Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 477. "Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 478. "^Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 479. 69 mifflit have a new Patent w'th that addicion of honor which his Ma'ty: had given him w'ch was graunted.'""' "July 2, 1621. Mr Deputy signified of a letter hee had receaved from Mr Gookin in Ireland. . . . And lastly y't accordinge to Mr Gookins request in his said letter they had promised y't hee should have a Pattent for a particular r Plantacion as large as that graunted to Sr William Newce.'"*' "July 10,^1621. Vppon the humble peticion of Mrs Newporte widdowe, the Court ordered that Sr Frauncis Wyat thelect Gouernor and the rest of the Counsell of State of Virginia should be treated to sett out 32 shares of Land in A^irginia heretofore be- stowed vppon Capt. Christo : Xewporte her late husband deceased in reward of his service with an addicion of three wholl Shares for the persons of 6 men transported at her charge in the Jonathan Anno., 1G19 [It should be noted that Mrs Newport had sent men to Virginia two or three years before the grant] in any place not already disposed of w'ch is commended to the care of Captain Hamer to see itt done accordinge to Mrs Xewportes desire."^* "3 July, 1622. ^Irs Mary Tue Daughter of Hugh Crouch beinge the heire and Executrix of Lieutenant Richard Crouch did sett and assigne oner in this Court 150 Acres of land, w'ch he said Leui- tenant Crouch did bequeath unto her by the name of Mary Younge his Sister w'ch land was for three Servantes personal Aduentures, and lyes at Newports Newes, the said land Shee assigned ouer to Mr Daniell Gookin.'"^ "July 3, 1622. Mrs Mary Tues assignement of 150 acres personal Shares (bequeathed vnto her by Leiutenant Crouch) lyinge at Newport Newes w'ch Shee nowe passed ouer vnto Mr Daniell Gookin was conlirmed.'" "October 7, 1622. Mr Wm. Caps an auncient Planter in Virginia in his peticion made 3 requestes vnto the Companie : 1 : That Sr W'm Newce might be required to deliver him the five ilen for whose transportation he paid him 301i here in Towne. . . . Wherevpon it was ordered that it should be certified that the Companie had bestowed on the Petitioner 30li »" Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, pp. 482-483. ^ Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, pp. 501-502. "* Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 509. ""Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 74. ™ Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 89. 70 w"ch Mr lo. ffarrar testified to liaue bin paid to Sr W'm Xewce to the intent expressed (vizt) for the transportacion of those fiue men w'ch they doubt not he will performe.'' "February 4, 1623. Mr. lo : Smith said hauinges spent vpon Virginia a verie great mat- ter, he did by Godes blessinge hope to receave this yeare a good quantity of Tobacco w'ch he would not willingly haue come vnder the handes of them that would performe the buissiness for loue and not vpon a good and competent Salary, and his opinion was, the imployment of these Casheires would be so great as they should be enforced to keepe Servantes vnder them, for from them must come the Instruccions to sue out Processe, Billes, Informacions, Declarations, etc." "February 12, 1623. Some of the Summer Ilande Court, said that although they were members of the Virginia Companie yet hauinge there no other Adventures than their land and lookinge for no goodes they would not meddle one way or other therein as members of the Virginia Companie, for since the Salaries Avas to be raised vpon the goodes they did not thinke itt fitt to medle with imposinge any charge, whereof themselues should not beare a part, wherefore as in a Virginia Court they would say nothinge but in a Summer Ilande Court, in which Plantacion they were verie deeply engaged they would declare themselves freely.'"" . . . "And it was further alledged that the land in Virginia beinge held in free Soccage it could not by the lawes of the Eealme be forbidden, but a man might sell and put ouer his land to whome he pleased, and therefore the Companie could not deny to admitt any man [to the freedom of the Company.]'* "March 7, 1623. . . . The Commodi- ties in Virginia had three seuerall sortes of Owners vizt first the Companie, Secondly particular Hundredes belonging to Adventurers here [that is, in London.] Thirdly priuate Planters there residinge, ouer w'ch two later sortes the Companie had noe power at all to restraine them by lawe, and diuers of them hauinge Shippes of their owne, it was not in the Companies power to prevent them to " Record Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 105. "Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 233. "Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 267. ^* Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 276. 71 carry their goodes whither they please/"" ". . . The Companies for Virginia and the Summer Hands . . . Yo'r lordships may be pleased to be aduertised that the Companies by expresse wordes in his Ma'ts Letters Patents are equalled in their priuiledges and immunities to any other Companie or Corporacion for trade or discovery and it is well knowne that both the Muscouy and sundrie other Companies haue alwaies injoyed the liberty of carryinge their Commodities to the best marketes at their pleasures and haue vsed the same ac- cordingly. Thirdly the Companies haue graunted diuers Sub- patentes with the same liberties and priuilidges as they them- selves enioye whereby the Patentees have bin induced to goe ouer in person to those Plantations (sundrie of them beinge of noble and worthie tfamilies) and to expend some of them great Sommes and others their whole estates in the said Plantations And it is not nowe in the Companies power to revoake or restraine their former Graunts.™ . . . "April 30, 1623. As for Boggs wee knowe of none in all ye Country and for the rest of the Plantacions as Newports News, Blunt poynt."" . . . "April 30, 1633. And three peeces mounted at Kiccoutan and all of them serviceable, there are likewise att Newporte Xewes three all of them serviceable."" . . . "May 7, 1633. 'Lett me tell you air at home this one thinge.' "" "May 13, 1633. Mr. lohn Newport moued that whereas Cap't Christopher Newport had vnder the scale of ye Counsell foure hundred pounds allowed him for his Adventure in Shares of Land to ye nomber of Thirty two shares, that the said shares might be confirmed vnto him, being his only sonne and heire, as also such Personall shares as are due vnto him for ye transport of men heretofore, as that hereafter he shall transport at his owne charge. W'ch request the Court hath graunted vnto him : and to this pur- pose there being a draft of a Patent presented & read; the same was approued and ordered to be engrossed against the Quarter '» Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 323. ■'"Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, pp. 325-326. " Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 381. "Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 383. " "You all" is idiomatic in Virginia, and still in use. *" Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 399. 72 Court.'"' "A Virginia Quarter Courte the 14 of May, 1623. . . . AUso a Confirmation of 32 Shares to Mr Ino Newport Discended vnto him by the death of his ff'ather Cap't Christopher Newport, w'ch confirmation beinge read and approved in ye Preparative Court as allso in tlie morninge by the Committee was now putt to the question and ordered to be sealled.'"'' . . . "June 18, 1623. That such as goe in person or shall otherwise transport anie Pas- sengers thither doe provide and carry with them such a due pro- porcon of Victuall and other necessaries as are particularly sett downe in the printed Bill w'ch the Company haue hertofore pub- lished."** "June 23, 1623. A mocion was made in the behalfe of Cap't Bargraue that aswell in reguard to his longe attendance and sufficiencie as also for that hee had spent a good part of his estate to advance the Plantacion in Virginia hee might therfore haue that favour afforded him as to succeed Sr William Nuce deceased in the place of Marshall of Virginia, w'ch mocion and request the Courte thought fitt to referr to the further Consideration of the Counsell."^ . . . "Sr lohn Danuers mouvinge the Court in the be- halfe of Mrs Nuice late wife of Deputy Nuice deceased in Vir- ginia touchinge his request into the Companie.'"^ "August 6, 1623. Sr John Danuers acquainted the Court that he had re- ceaued from Mrs Nuice the late wife of Deputy Nuice deceased wherein shee requested that the Companie in tender regard of her great losse by the late Death of her said Husband (beinge nowe left Desolate and comfortles in a straunge Country farr from all her frendes) therefore would please to graunt her fauor that shee might still enioy the moytie of those Tenantes labors that belonge to her Husbandes place w'ch if he had lined had of right bin Due vnto him vntill such time as they shall Dispose of the said place : Mr Deputie also signified that Mr Pountys in his letter to him comendinge much the Gentlewomans good carriage and charity to diners in that Countrie, did Av'th much earnestnes ^ Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 421. "" Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, pp. 428-429. ^^ Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 440. ^ Records Virginia of London, Vol. II, p. 448. *^ Records Virginia of London, Vol. II, p. 456. 73 desire the same fauor of the Companie in her behalfe : "Wlierevpon the Court takinge it into their eonsideracion conceaued her re- quest to be verie reasonable and did tlierefore generally agree it should accordingly be remembered in the generall letter to the Counsell there. W'ch beinge inserted therein the said letter was read and beinge approued was ordered to be signed by Mr Deputy and witnessed by the Secretary in the name of the Companie and so sent by the Hopewell now ready to Depart for Virginia."** "No- vember 12, 1623. Mr Deputie acquainted the Court with two thinges, first with the good newes^ that was come from Virginia by the Shipps lately returned . . . w'ch newes is also confirmed by diuers that come home in the said Shipps.'"^ "November 12, 1623. Mr. lohn ffarrar moued that whereas the Companie had out of their loue & approbacion of his seruice bestowed vpon him 20 great shares It would nowe please the Court to confirme them vnto him in the next Quarter Court vnder their Seale. And whereas likewise there was due vnto him shares of land for about 40 persons sent, those personall shares might be reduced vnto great shares vizt euery two persons to make one great share [100 acres] of old Adventure.'"' "November 17, 1623. . . . And so ended their letter, whereat the Companie did much reioyce praisinge God for soe good newes.""" "November 19, 1623. Mr. Deputie made knowne to the Court that since May last there haue gone to Virginia ffourteen saile of Shipps most of them laden w'th Provisions wherein haue been transported about the number of 340 personns, as more partieularlie appeares by the note hee then pre- sented and read w'ch is here inserted." "A note of ye shippinge men and Prouisions sent and prouided for Virginia by ye Eight Hono'ble : Hen : Ea : of Southampton and ye Comp'a & other pri- uate Aduenturers since May last, 1623, vnto this 19th of No- vember — 1623." ... In all 14: Sayle of Ships with sundry Pro- ** Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 466. " The word "newes'' was often used in connexion with the early his- tory of Virginia. *^ Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 478. *» Record Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 480. »» Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 483. 74 uisions and with 340 Persons" . . . "No. 6 : Mr Gookin Ship — 080: Timns ... 7 Shipps."" "February 2, 1624. Mr Garrett Weston petitioninge the Court for 300 : Acres of Land whereoff 100: is Due vppon his bill of Adventure of 121i: 10s: OOd: paid into the Companies Treasurie and the rest for the transport of fower servants att his charge. The Court hath ordered that if itt shall appeare by the husbands booke that hee paid for the Transport of soe many persons he shall together with the share of Land due him for the said Adventure haue the aforesaide per- sonall shares allowed him."* The last Court was held "on Munday in the Afternoone the 7th of Ivne, 1G24." The Company was dissolved by the King, James I. "Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 496. * Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, 5. 511. 75 XV. RECORDS VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON. Persons present at meetings of the Court of the Virginia Com- pany, London, Vol, I. Persons present: Mr John March 15, 1619-1620 Smith. March 29, 1619-1620 April 3, 1620 April 8, 1620 May 17, 1620 do. May 31, 1620 do. June 28, 1620 do. July 18, 1620 do. Nov. 13, 1620 do. Nov. 15, 1620 do. Jan. 29, 1620 April 12, 1621 do. April 30, 1621 May 2, 1621.... 3 committees do. May 12, 1621 do. June 13, 1621 2 com'ts do. July 2, 1621 do. July 16, 1621 11 Persons present: Mr John Smith Oct. 22, 1621 Oct. 24, 1621 do. Oct. 31, 1621 Nov. 14, 1621 do. Nov. 19, 1621 Nov. 21, 1621 do. Dec. 4, 1621 Dec. 19, 1621 do. Jan'y. 30, 1622 do. Feb. 27, 1622 Mar. 13, 1622 do. Mar. 13, 1622 (com't) do. Mar. 27, 1622 do. Mr Capt. Capt. wporte . Nuse [T]. W. Newce do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Mr Newporte do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Capt.Wm. Newce 76 April 10, 1622 do. May 8, 1622 May 20, 1622, Vol II do. May 22, 1622 do. June 5, 1622 do. June 19, 1622 July 1, 1622 do. 13 Persons present: Capt. Jo: Smith July 3, 1622 do. July 17, 1622 (com't) do. Oct. 7, 1622 Oct. 23, 1622 do. Nov. 6, 1622 do. Nov. 13, 1622 do. Nov. 18, 1622 Nov. 20, 1622 do. Nov. 22, 1622 do. Nov. 27, 1622 do. Jany. 29, 1623 do. Feby. 3, 1623 do. Feby. 4, 1623 (com't) do. Feby. 5, 1623 do. Feby. 12, 1623 do. Feby. 19, 1623 do. Feby. 22, 1623 do. Mar. 19^ 1623 April 2, 1623 April 12, 1623 (com.) do. 16 Persons present: Capt. Jo: Smith. April 17, 1623 do. April 23, 1623 do. April 25, 1623 April 30. 1623 May 7, 1623 do. May 12, 1623 do. May 14, 1623 May 17, 1623 June 9, 1623 do. do. do. do. D. Gookin do. do. do. 15 2 Mr Newporte Daniel Gookin do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do do do, do do. do. do. do. do. 15 4 Mr Newporte Mr Daniel Gookin do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do, do. do. 77 June 13, 1623 June 25, 1623 July 1, 1623 . . July 4, 1623 July 9, 1623 Aug. 6, 1623 Nov. 12, 1623 Nov. 17, 1623 Nov. 19, 1623 Jan'y. 14, 1624 (com't.) do. do. do. do. do. 10 Mr Jo: Smith. Feb'y. 2, 1624 Feb'y. 4, 1624 do. Apl. 21, 1624 Apl. 26, 1624 Apl. 28, 1624 do. June 7, 1624 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 16 1 Mr Newporte. Mr Daniel Gookin do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 2 6 1 June 7, 1634, was the last Court held. There were several Smiths — George, Eobert, and others — at- tending the Courts; but in the above list Captain John Smith is not noted as present except when the name is "lo : Smith" ; "lohn Smith"; "Mr lo: Smith"; or "Captaine lo: Smith." In the above list only the persons nearly connected with the early settling of Virginia, and the naming of "Newport's News" are noticed. Samuel Purchas, writer of Purchas His Pilgrimes, occasionally attended the meetings of the Court. George Nuce was at a Court. And at Elizabeth City on February 16, 1623. Examination of the Eecords of the Virginia Company of Lon- don, the Court Book, 2 Vols., Washington, D. C, 1906, will show that beginning with 28 Aprile, 1619, to the 7th of June, 1624, there were 159 meetings of the Court. Captain lo: Smith"^ was present at 50 meetings; [John] Newporte'* present at 60 meet- ings ; Thomas Nuse, at 3 ; W. Newce,'* at 3 ; and Daniell Gookin** at 7. ^^ Smith, first meeting Mar. 15, 1619; last, April 28, 1624. *" Newporte, first meeting Mar. 29, 1619; last, June 7, 1624. "Wm. Newce, first meeting May 2, 1621; last, June 13, 1621. •^Gookin, first meeting June 19, 1622; last, June 7, 1624. 78 Gookin on November 22, 1621, arrived in Virginia and settled at Newport's News.°* "Mr Eawleigh, [Carew, born in 1604.] son of Sir Walter Eal- eigh, admitted into the freedom of the Company, at the Court of April 12, 1623, in reguard his father was the first discoverer of Virginia"; and frequently attended the meetings,"' It is difiicult to realize that the tradition of the naming of New- port's News that has at least the support of reasonable probability should be dismissed to make way for another legend started at least two hundred and fifty years later, "'Neill, E. D. Virginia Co. of Lond., p. 196. •'Records Virginia Co. of London, Vol. II, p. 362. 79 XVI. STRACHEY HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. "Letter from Lord Delawarr, Governor of Virginia, to the Patentees in England. 1610. Sir Thomas Gates entered into con- sultation with Sir George Sumers and Capt. Newporte, calling unto the same the gentlemen and counsaile of the former gov- ernment, entreating both the one and the other to advise him, what was to be don: . . . This consultation taking effect the 7th of June [1610] Sir Thomas Gates having appointed to every pin- nass his complement and number, and delivered likewise there- unto a proportionable rate of provision, caused every man to re- paire aboard; and because he would preserve the towne (albeit now to be quitted) unburned, ... he sett sayle, and that night, with the tide, fell down to an island in the river, which our people here call Hogg Island; and the next morning the tide brought them to an island which they have called Mulberry Island, at which time they discovered my long boat. For I, having under- stood of the resolution by the aforesaid pinnas, which was some 4 or 5 days come away before, to prepare those at Pointe Com- forte, with all expedition I caused the same to be man'd, and in it, with the newes"' of our arrivall, dispatched my letters by Cap- taine Brewister to Sir Thomas Gates, which meeting to [gether] before the aforesaid Mulberry Island, the 8th. of June aforesaid, upon the receipt of our letters, Sir Thomas Gates bore up the helm againe, and that night (the wind favourable) re-landed all his men at the forte." James Towne, July 17th, 1610. Tho Lawarre. Tho. Gates. Ferd. Wenman. George Percy. William Strachey.*" "1614 was sent to New England, reaching Manhegin Island on the 30th of April. . . . When Captain Smith returned to Eng- land, he left one of his ships behind, with instructions to the ^' Here is the same combination of words in the same connexion. ®« The Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia; William Strachey, Gent. London, 1849, pp. xxiii-xxxvi. 80 master, whose name was Thomas Hunt, to sail for Malaga when he had laden his vessel with fish that he might catch on the coast. This 'wicket varlet,' as Hubbard rightly calls him, kidnapped twenty-four of the natives, whom he carried to Malaga and sold as slaves."^ Five years before negro slaves were sold in Virginia. ^ Strachey, p. xvii. 81 XVII. HISTORICAL MSS. COMMISSION. "Early in 1633 Sir George Sandys (who was treasurer in Vir- ginia when Sir E. Sandys was treasurer or governor in England) wrote a letter [below] describing the arrival of Sir William ISTuce in the previous October. He came 'with a very few of weak and unserviceable people, ragged, and with not above a fortnight's pro- vision, some bound for three years, a few for five, and most upon wases.' After his death eleven men were all that remained for the Company, and those, says George Sandys, "I was for want of provisions, enforced to sell." The price was not paid in money but in tobacco, and 2 cwt. per man was all that they would fetch, unless credit was allowed to the purchaser. Four men were placed on Sandy's own plantation, but two of them ran away (to the In- "dians he believed), and the other two would have followed "if sickness had not faltered them." Sandys also considered himself much aggrieved because Sir W. ISTuce had brought him, instead of certain five men he expected, only two little boys "hardly worth their victuals," and one of them was a page "dead before de- livered.'" "March, 1623. Copy of a letter from George Sandys, sent (according to endorsement) to Mr. Farrer, by the 'Hopewell.' Sir William Nuce had arrived about the beginning of October [1622] "with a very few weak and unserviceable people, ragged, and with not above a fortnight's provisons, some bound for three years, a few for 5, and the most upon wages." After his death [ ] 11 men were all that remained for the Company, and those "for want of provision, was enforced to sell." Three were sold to Capt. Wilcocks for 6 cwt, of tobacco, two to Capt. Smyth for 4 cwt., and one to Capt. Tucker for 1 cwt. in hand, 2 cwt. the next crop, and one to Capt. Croshaw for 2 cwt. Four were sent to the writers own plantation, but two of them ran away (to the Indians he feared), and the other two would have done likewise "if sickness had not fettered them." For the five which Sir W. Nuce should have delivered to him he was glad to have a page 'Hist. MSS. Com. Append. (Part II) to 8th Report, p. 6, col. a. 82 "(dead before delivered) and one other little boy hardly worth their victuals." There was a little tobacco left which the maga- zine had not received or the merchants and seamen not gleaned for their sacks and strong waters." Sir George Yeardley would pay the overplus for those which he had reserved for himself, and had behaved very nobly in the service of the country though he had lost two-thirds of his estate.'"" . . . "1592, Sept. 29. These captains were present the night the Carrack was taken : . . . Cap- tain Newport of the Golden Dragon.* "Eobert Rich, the second Earl of AVarwicke, took a very promi- nent part in the colonization of Virginia and Bermuda. Sir Na- thaniel Eich was also one of the chief holders of shares in both enterprises, and his brother Eobert not only^held shares, but him- self became one of the colonists.^ . . . 1619. The two hostile fac- tions: the chief leaders on one side were the Earl of Warwick, Sir Nathaniel Eich, and Alderman Johnson; and on the other side the Earl of Southampton, Lord Cavendish, and Sir Edward Sack- ville. One party [ ? the first] had supported Sir Thomas Smith, who had been Governor or Treasurer of the Company for the previous twelve years, the other Sir Edwin Sandys, who was elected his successor.* . . . [1620 ? March ?] The ships despatched be- tween August, 1620, and February, 1620-'21 were the Bona Nova, the Elizabeth, the May Flower, the Supplie, of Bristow, the Mar- garet and John, and the Abigail, with (in the aggregate) 600 persons. Preparations were made to "transport the Governor, Treasurer and Marshal of Virginia with their companies, together with other private plantations to the number of 400 persons." There were "sent and in sending" 500 persons "for public uses, for the increase of the number of the Company's tenants, and for the maintenance of ofRces, whereof besides the new Governor, "there are six principal sent & chosen." To Sir George Thorpe, the "Deputy of the College land," belonged 10 tenants; to Capt. ^Hist. MSS. Com. Append. (Part II) to 8th Report, p. 39, col. a. * Calendar of the MSS. of the Marquis of Salisbury. Hatfield House. Part iv, p. 233. London, 1892. ^Hist. MSS. Com., 8th Report, Append., Part II, p. 3a. " Hist. MSS. Com. 8th Rep., Append. Part II, p. 4, col. b. 83 Thomas Nuce, Deputy for the Company's land, 50; to the place of the Secretary of State, 20; to Dr Bohun, physician to the col- ony, 20; to George Sands, Treasurer of Virginia, 20; and to Capt. William Nuce, as Marshal of Virginia, 50/ . . ." 1623, April. Mr. Gookin, at whose plantation the Governor [Sir Francis Wyatt], and his wife were staying, had but seven men left; it was unsafe to go out to labour without an armed guard.* , . . Mar. 2. "It was believed that Capt. Newce had died heartbroken from the loss of his people."^ ^Hist. MSS. Com. 8th Report, Append., Part II, p. 37, col b. ^ Hist. MSS. Com. 8th Report, Append., Part II, p. 41, col. a. *Hist. MSS. Com. 8th Report, Append., Part II, p. 41, col. b. 84 XVIII. ALEXANDER BROWN— GENESIS OF THE UNITED STATES. 1592. January 25, Captain Christopher i^ewport sailed from England with three ships and a pinnasse for the West Indies, where 'he took and spoyled Yguana and Ocoa in Hispaniola and Truxillo, besides other prizes.^" . . . July 28, Sir John Borough, being then near the Azores, entered into an agreement with Cap- tain jSTewport 'to be partakers in lawfull pryses,' and on the 3d of August their vessels, together with the vessels of the Earl of Cum- berland, captured the Great Carrack, the Madre de Dios, and Cap- tain Newport was placed in her as captain and carried her to Dart- mouth, where he arrived September 7, 1592." Edwards, in his "Life of Ealeigh," says : The capture of the Great Carrack of 1592, and the proceedings which ensued in relation to the parti- tion of her spoils, have an interest Avhich extends far beyond the mere occurrence itself. It was in one sense the most brilliant feat of privateering ever accomplished by Englishmen, even in the days of Queen Elizabeth. It w^as a piece of mercantile enterprize, — pregnant with results, — and the history of which throws light, alike on some curious points connected both with our admiralty law and with the growth of our commerce and colonies.* Instructions. "Whereas the good ship Sarah Constant and the ship called the Goodsjjeed,'^ with a pinnace called the Discovery are now ready victualed, riged, and furnished for the voyage; w^e think it fit and do so ordain and appoint that Capt. Christopher Newport shall have the sole charge to appoint such captains, sol- diers, and marriners, as shall either command, or be shipped to ^'' Alexander Brown. Genesis of the United States. 2 Vols. Boston, 1890, p. 21. " Brown. Genesis, p. 22. * Brown. Genesis, p. 22. "There is confusion among writers of the names of these ships; the first is sometimes called Susan Constant; and the Goodspeed is spelt God-speed. The latter is simply the old English form of god, gode for the Modern English good. Good Speed, a very proper name for a ship. 85 pass in the said ships or pinnace, and shall also liave the charge and oversight of all such munitions, victuals, and other provisions as are or shall be shiped at the public charge of the adventurers in them or any of them. And further that the said Capt. jSTewport shall have the sole charge and command of all captains, soldiers, and marriners and other persons that shall go in any the ships and jjinnace in the said voyage from the day of the date hereof, until such time as they shall fortune to land upon the said coast of Virginia, and if the said Captain N^ewport shall happen to d3^e at Sea, then the masters of the said ships and pinnace shall carry them to the coast of Virginia aforesaid. And whereas we have caused to be delivered unto the said Captain Newport, Captain Barthol. Gosnold and Captain John Ttatcliffe, several instruments close sealed [the names of his 'Majesties Counsel in Virginia' were Christopher Newport, Bartholomevr Gosnold, John Eatcliffe, Ed- ward Maria Wingfield, John Martin, John Smith, and George Ken- dall, with Gabriel Archer as secretary and recorder] with the Coun- sels seal aforesaid containing the names of such persons as have been appointed to be his ]\Iajesties Counsel in the said country of Virginia, we do ordain and direct that the said Captain Christopher Newport, Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, and Captain John Eat- cliffe, or the survivor or survivors of them, shall within twenty four hours next after the said shall arrive upon the said coast of Virginia and not before upon and unseal the said Instruments and declare and publish unto all the Company the names therein set down, and that the persons by us therein named are and shall be known, and taken to be his Majesties Counsel of his first Colony in Virginia aforesaid. And further that the said Counsel so by us nominated, shall upon the publishing of the said instrument proceed to the election and nomination of a President of the said Counsel, and the said President in all matters of controversy and question that shall arise during the continuance of his authority where there shall fall out to be equality of voices, shall have two voices, and shall have full power and authority with the advice of the rest of the said Counsel, or the greatest part of them to govern, rule and command all the captains and soldiers, and all other his Majesties subjects of his Colony according to the true meaning of 86 the orders and directions set down in the articles signed by his Majestie and of these presents." . . . And finally that after the arrival of the said ship upon the coast of Virginia and the Coun- sellor's names published, the said Captain Newport shall with such number of men as shall be assigned him by the President and Counsel of said Colony spend and bestow two months in discovery of such ports and rivers" as can be found in that country, and shall give order for the present laiding and furnishing of the two ships above named, and all sucli principal comodities and mer- chandize as can there be had and found, in such sort as he may return with the said full laden with good merchandizes, bringing with him full relation of all that hath passed in said voyage, by the end of May next, if God permit/^ . . . Wlien you have made choice of the river on which you mean to settle be not hasty in landing your victuals and munitions, but first let Captain New- port discover how far that river may be found navigable that you make election of the strongest, most wholesome and fertile place. . . . You may perchance find such a place a hundred miles from the river's mouth, and the further up the better, for if you sit down near the entrance, except it be in some island that is strong by nature, an enemy that may approach you on even ground may easily pull 3'ou out, and if he be driven to seek you a hundred miles in the land in boats you shall from both sides of the river, where it is narrowest, so beate them with your muskets as they shall never be able to prevail against you. And to the end that you be not sur- prized as the French were in Florida by Melindus, [Menendez in 1565] and the Spaniard in the same place by the French, you shall do wx'll to make tliis double provision, first erect a little stoure [a place for defence] at the moutli of the river that may lodge some ten men, with whom you shall leave a light boat, that when any fleet shall be in sight they may come with speed to give you warning." Browne says in a note: 'This little stoure may have been first stationed at Newport News point.' More likely at " Brown. Genesis U. S., pp. 7G-77. " Captain John Smith. Works, Arber, p. xl. "Brown. Genesis, p. 79. i" Brown. Genesis, pp. 81-82. 87 Poynt Comfort that is at the entrance to Hampton Eoads, in sight of Chesapeake Bay and the sea; and they were directed to "erect a little stoure" at the month of the river on which they decided to settle. Stoure, n. Is an old English word for battle, conflict. . . . On Saturday the twentieth of December in the yeere 1606, the first expedition sent out for the First Colony in Virginia sailed from London in three vessels, viz., the Sarah (or Susan) Constant, Captain Christopher Newport, the commander of the voyage, the Godspeed (or the Good Speed), Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, vice-admiral, and the Discovery (or the Discoverer), Captain John Eatcliffe." "Letter to ye Lord Salisbyrie from Captain Newport ye 29th of Julie, 1607, from Plimouth." ... So I must humbly take my leave. From Plimouth this 29, of Julie, 1607. Your Lordships most hum))ly })ounden. Christopher Newport."^* . . . [Mem. — Captain Newport arrived at Plymouth on July 29, 1607, on his way from Virginia, and reached London, it seems, between the 12th and 18th of August. He brought with him the first docu- ments ever written by Englishmen on the banks of the James Elver in America].^" . . . "Coppie of a Letter from Virginia, dated 22d of June, 1607. The Councell there to the Couneell of Virginia here in England.""" . . . "Captaine Newport hath seen all and knoweth all, he can fully satisfy your further expectations, and ease you of our tedious letters. We most humbly pray the heaventy King's hand to bless our labours with such counsailes and helps as we may further and stronger proceed in this our King's and countries service. James- towne in Virginia this 22th of June An'o 1607. Your Poore Friends. — Edward — Maria Wingfield. John Smith. John Martine. Bartholomew Gosnold. John Eattcliffe. George Kendall."'^ ... "A Eelatyon of the Discovery of Our river, from James Forte into the maine: made by Capt. Christopher Newport, and sincerely written and observed by a gentleman of the Colony." 'A " Brown. Genesis, p. 85. ^'^ Brown. Genesis, pp. 105-106. " Brown. Genesis, 106. -" Brown. Genesis, p. 106. =* Brown. Genesis, pp. 106-108. journal from 21st May to 21st June, 1607."' . . . Mem.: The John and Francis, Caj^tain Newport, and the Phoenix, Captain Francis Nelson, sailed from Gravesend on Thursday, October 8, 1607, reached Plymouth the following Thursday (15th), where they remained untill Monday (19th), and as the wind was not favorable it was necessary on the next day (20th) to make port at Falmouth, where until Friday (23d) morning they suffered much from a great storm. On Friday, October 23, 1607, they sailed from Falmouth for Virginia. . . . His Majesties council in England send over at this time an additional member for the council in Virginia in the person of Matthew Scrivener."^ "Ealeigh to Salisbury. From Life of Sir Walter Ealegh, by Edwards, Vol. II, pp. 389-391. . . . The Jurney may go under culler of Virginia, for Neuport will shortly return." Note : . . . This letter, if writ- ten in 1607, it was probably written in September, as Newport returned on October 8 of that year.'* Captain Newport arrived at Blackwall on Sunday, May 21, 1608. Captains Edward-Maria Wingfield and Gabriel Archer returned from Virginia with him, and he brought the following documents, viz : . . . A large Journal of Newport's Journie to Werowocomico. . . . "This Draught of Virginia by Robarte Tindall, Anno 1608, probably accompanied the 'Large Journal of Newport's Journie to Werowocomico. The York Eiver and most of James is evidently drawn from actual survey." "Werowocomoco," strangely enough, still bears its old name of "Poetan) (i. c. Portan) Bay, although it has been fre- quently, if not always, located elsewhere. "This 'Draught of Vir- ginia' is the earliest drawn by an Englishman now known to be in existence. It has never been engraved before."* This "Draught of Virginia" is printed in Brown, Genesis, p. 150, and seems to be a tracing from another map. It begins with "Cape Henneri," "King James his River," "Cape Comfortt," "Che- chotanke," "Tindalls Shouldes," "James towne"; then we have ^^Brown. Genesis, p. 109. Capt. John Smith. "Works, Arber, xl-liii. "The gentleman of the Colony" is thought to be Gabriel Archer. ^ Brown. Genesis, pp. 124-125. -^ Brown. Genesis, p. 143. * Brown. Genesis, p. 151. 89 "Prince Henncri liis Eivcr"; now the York; then "Tendales porte," now Gloucester Point. "Tindalls Shoulds," and "Tendales porta," the name is spelled differently by the man whose name it is said to bo. Curiously enough while there is no name written at what is now "Newport's News," the name "Newporte poynte," is written on the southern point at the mouth of York River. . . . "Percy's Discourse, 1606.'"'" . . . "Where wee found a channell, and sounded six, eight, ten or twelve fathom: which, put us in good comfort. Therefore wee named that point of Land, Cape Comfort.'"' . . . "Munday the two and twentieth of June, in the morning Captain Newporte in the Admirall departed from James Port for England.'"" "Cap- tain Newport being gone for England, leaving us (one hundred and foure persons) verie bare and scantie of victualls, further- more in warres and in danger of the savages. We hoped after a supply which Captaine Newporte promised in twentie weekes.""* . . . "Newport arrived at Jamestown on Saturday evening Janu- ary 2, [1608] landed on Monday, the 4th, and Jamestown was burnt on Thursday, the Tth.""" . . . "January 1, 1608, Powhatan sent [Captain John] Smith home with iowv men, etc. ; he arrived at Jamestown early on the morning, of Saturday, January 2d, and 'Nuport arrived the same night.' "^° [Letter September 10, 1608]. . . . "There is no other harbour but this which they call 'Jamestowne' [Jamestown], which means Jacob's Town; Raley discovered this land perhaps some twenty years ago. Captain 'Niuporte' [Newport] discovered the rivers perhaps some two years ago.'"" . . . JMem. — Capt. Newport, who had left Virginia in December, 1608, arrived in England in Janu- ary, 1609. Captain John Eatcliffe, returned with him, and they brought the following documents, which are now probably lost. 'A Diarie of the Discoverie of the Bay' (2 June to 21 July, 1608), and 'A Diarie of the second voyage in discovering the Bay' (24 July to 7 September, 1608). Purchas (see Vol. iv, p. 1712) had ^ Brown. Genesis, p. 152. -" Brown. Genesis, p. 158. " Brown. Genesis, p. IGG. "* Brown. Genesis, p. 166. ^ Brown. Genesis. '"' Brown. Genesis, pp. 187-188. ^ Brown. Genesis, p. 195. 90 these Diaries; but did not jmblish them. They were probably Hakhiyt manuscripts. Captain John Smith, who was President of the Council in Virginia, when Newport left, says he sent at this time Ixiv. ["The Copy of a letter sent to the Treasurer and Councell of Virginia from Captaine Smith]. Published in Smith's History of Virginia (1624) ;" and a "Mappe of the Bay and Rivers, with an annexed Eelation of the countries and Nations that in- habit them/' which has generally been supposed to be the Map (CCXLII) and Description (CCXLIV), but this is not certain. ... A coat [matchcoat ?] made of two deer skins, is mentioned. *It may be that this coat of Powhatan's was taken back by Newport at this time, being one of the articles given in exchange for the Bed, etc.']" . . . "The Copy of a Letter sent to The Treasurer and Councell of Virginia from Captaine Smith." 'It was first pub- lished in Smith's History of Virginia (1624), pp. 70, 72. [Smith. Arber, 442-445.] Smith doubtless reported to the Council of Vir- ginia in England at this time, as it was his duty to do so, but it is not probable that the document, as published in 1624, was writ- ten in Virginia in 1608.' "The copy of a Letter sent to The Treasurer and Councell of Virginia" ( Note by Brown : This title, "The Treasurer and Councell," was not granted by the first charter to the two companies of April, 1606 ; but by the second or special charter to the South Virginia Company, which did not pass the seals in England until 23 May, 1609, and was not known in Vir- ginia before the following July.)"" "Eeturn of Newport in Januar}^, 1609, to the return of the re- mains of the fleet in November, 1609.'"' "The Second Charter to The Treasurer and Company, for Virginia, for erecting them into a Corporation and Body Politic, and for the further enlargement and explanation of the privileges of the said Company and first Colony of Virginia. Dated May 23d, 1609.'"* "Members of the Company. . . . Captain Edward-Maria AVing- field. Captain Christopher Newport, Captain John Sicklemore, alias Ratcliffe, Captain John Smith, Captain John Martin."^ . . . "- Brown. Genesis, p. 199. ^ Brown. Genesis, p. 205. ^ Brown. Genesis, p. 20S. ^^ Brown. Genesis, pp. 213-214. 91 "In that part of America, called Virginia, from the point of land, called Cape or Point Comfort, all along the sea coast, to the North- ward and two hundred miles, and from the said point of Cape Comfort, all along the coast to the Southward two hundred miles, and all that space and circuit of land, lying from the sea coast of the precinct aforesaid, up into the land, throughout from sea to sea, west and northwest.'"" . . . General Archives of Simancas. Letter of D. Pedro de Zuniga, to the King of Spain, xA.pril 12, 1609. . . . Captain 'Christoval Xuport."' . . . ["A letter of M. Gahriel Archer, touching the voyage of the fleet of ships which arrived at Virginia, without Sir Tho. Gates and Sir George Sum- mers, 1609]. [Aug. 31, 1609.]'' "From Woolwich the fifteenth of May, 1609, seven saile weyed anchor, and came to Yarmouth the twentieth day, where Sir George Somers, with two small ves- sels consorted with us. . . . About sixe days after we lost sight of England, one of Sir George Somers Pinnasses [The Virginia] left our Company, and (as I take it) bare up for England; the rest of the ships, viz ; The Sea Adventure Admirall, wherein was Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Somers, and Captain Newport: The Diamond, Vice-Admirall, wherein was Captaine Eatcliffe and Captaine King; The Falcon, Eare-Admirall, in which was Cap- taine Martin and Master Nelson: The Blessing, wherein I [Gabriel Archer] and Captaine Adams went: The Unitie, wherein Cap- taine Wood and Master Pett were: The Lion wherein Captaine Webb remained: And the Swallow of Sir George Somers, in which Captaine Moore, and Master Somers went. In the Catch went one Matthew Fitch, Master: and in the Boat of Sir George Somers, called the Virginia, which was built in the North Colony, went one Captaine Davis and one Master Davies. These were the Cap- taines and Masters of our Fleet. . . . Upon Saint James Day, [25 July] being about one hundred and fiftie leagues distant from the West Indies, in crossing the Gulfe of Bahoma, there hapned a most terrible and vehement storme, which was a taile of the West Indian Horacano; this tempest separated all our Fleet one from another, ^ Brown. Genesis, p. 229. =" Brown. Genesis, p. 261. ^' Brown. Genesis, p. 328. 92 and it was so violenl that men could scarcely stand upon the Deckes, neither could any man heare another speake being thus divided every man steered his owne course, and as it fell out about five or sixe dayes after the storme ceased (wliich endured fourtie foure houres in extremitie) The Lion first, and after the Falcon and Unitie got sight of our Sliippe, and so we lay away directly for A^irginia, finding neither current nor winde opposite, as some have report to the great charge of our Counsell and Adventures. . . . [The Blessing, The Lion, The Falcon, and the Lenity] we foure consorting fell into the King's River haply the eleventh of August. [1G09] . . . When we came to James Towne, we found a ship which had bin there in the river a month before we came. . . . her Commander was Captaine Argoll (a good Mariner, and a very civill Gentleman) and her Master one Robert Tindall. [Smith says the master's name was Thomas Sedan. Smith, for some reason, avoids mentioning Robert Tindall, who made the first maps of Vir- ginia.]'" . . . After our foure Ships had bin in harl)our a few days, came in the A'ice-admirall. [The Diamond] having cut her maine Mast overboard, and many of her men very sicke and weake; but she could tell us of no nevres of our Governour, and some three or four days after her, came in the Swallow, with lier maine Mast over board also, and had a shrewd leake, neither did she see our Admirall. . . . Six ships had now arrived. The Sea Venture was wrecked on the Bermudas, a catch went down at sea, and The Vir- ginia had not come in.^" "Mem. Late in November, [KSOS] the remnant of Sir Thomas Gates his fleet, returning from Virginia reached England. Two of the Ships returning home perished upon the point of Ushant, in one of which. The Diamond, Capt. W. Iving, was master, and one man alone left to bring home news of their pei'ishing. The rest of the fleet came ship after ship, laden with nothing but bad reports and letters of discouragement : and the which added more to our crosse, they brought us newes ■■"'Brown. Genesis, pp. 329-330. [The map in Smith's History of Vir- ginia is marked: "Discouered and Discribed by Captayn John Smith, 1606 Graven by William Hole." Smith's Exploration of the Bay was from 2 June, to 21 July, 1608.] *" Brown. Genesis, pp. 330-331. 93 that the Admiral Ship, with the two Knights and Captaine New- port were missing, severed in a mightie storme outward, and could not be heard of. Capt. John Smith, who had been sent back from A^irginia, [4 October, 1609] and never returned to A'irginia again." . . . "Eadcliffe to Salisbury. [From Jamestownc. 4th of October, 1609.] Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Summers Captaine New- porte and 180 persons or ther about arc not yet arrived and we much feare they are lost and alsoe a small pinnace. The other Shipps all came in, but not together, we were thus separated by a storme, two shipps had great loss of men by the Calenture, and most of them all much weather beaten.'"^ A True and Sincere Declaration. December 14, 1609. ... In the yeare 1606, Captaine Newport Avith three ships, discovered the Bay of Chessiopeock in height of thirty-seven degree of Northerly latitude, and landed a hundred persons of sundry qualities and Arts, in a Eiver falling into it." We gave our Commission to a worthy Gentleman, Sir Thomas Gates, whom we did nominate and appoint sole and absolute Gov- ernor of the Colony [Gates was the first sole and absolute governor of the colony] under divers limitations and instructions expressed in writing : and with him we sent Sir George Summers Admirall, and Captaine Newport vice-Admirall of Virginia, and divers other persons of rancke and quality, in seven ships and two pinnaces." "A Publication of the Counsell of Virginia, touching the Plan- tation there. . . . The fleete of 8 shipes, lately sent to Virginia, by meanes the Admirall, wherein were shipped the chiefe Gov- ernours. Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Sommers and Captaine Newport, by the tempestuous windes and forcible current, were " Brown. Genesis, p. 333. *- Brown. Genesis, p. 334. [Tlie "Calenture" was ship-fever, jail-fever or typhus fever. Yellow fever does not originate aboard a ship at sea, though it may make its first appearance there; the germs are carried from port. These ships sailed from England, where no yellow fever originates, and had not touched at any West Indian port.] "Brown. Genesis, p. 341. (Newport returned from Virginia the third time in January, 1609. Brown, note), p. 342. *• Brown. Genesis, p. 345. 94 driven so farre, to the Westward, that they could not in so con- venient time recover Cape Henrie. Imprinted at London, 1610."*" Captain jSTewport sailed from Virginia 10 April, 1608, and arrived in England May 21, 1608. ]S"ewport returned to Virginia about July, arrived there about the last of September, 1608. Brown, note p. 396. "Mem. — Sir Thomas Gates and Captaine Newport left Virginia in July, and arrived in England in September, leiO."'" "Letter of the Governor and Council of Virginia to the Virginia Company of London." [July 7, 1610.] . . . "You shall please then to know, how the first of April, 1610, in the good Shipp the De-la-Warr, admirall, accompanied with the Blessing of Plimmouth, viz — admirall, and the Hercules of Ey, reere-ad- mirall, we weyed from the Cowes, getting out of the Needles, and with a favourable passage, holding consort, the 12th day we fell with the Treseras, and recovered that evening (within three leagues) the Westermost part of St. George's Island, where we lay that night becalmed; but the next morning with the sunrise, did the wind likewise rise, west and west-by-South, a rough and lowde gale, at what time the master of the Eeere-admirall [Hercules of Ey] told me of a roade fitt for that winde at Gratiosa, whereupon I willed him to go before and I would follow, and so we stood for that roade; but it was my fortune to lead in it, where we came to an ancor at fortie fathom, when it blew so much winde presently that our ancor came home, and we were forced to sea againe, the same time the Blessing was compelled to cutt her cable at haulfe, for in the weying it the pole of her capstan brake, and dangerously hurte 12 of our men; The Hercules was likewise forced from the roade, and brake her ancor; yet the next day we met al together againe. The 15th, we lost sight of the Hercules, betweene the Treseras and Gratiosa, and we saw her no more untill the 6th of June, at what time we made land to the Southward of our har- bour, The Chesiopiock Bay, where running in towards the shoare, steering away nor-west, before noone we made Cape Henry, bear- ing nor-west and by West; and that night came to an ancor under the Cape, where we went ashoare, as well to refresh ourselves as *^ Brown. Genesis, pp. 354-356. "Brown. Genesis. Note, p. 399. 95 to fish, and to set up a cross upon the pointe (if haply the Hercules might arrive there) to signify our coming in. ... As we were re- turning aboard againe, our master, descried a sayle close by the pointe at Cape Henry, wliereupon I commanded him to beare up the helme, and we gave it chase, when within an hower or a little more, to our no little [joy], we made her to be the Hercules, our reere admiral, whome we had now lost . . . weekes and odd dayes; and this night (all praise be to God for it) came to an ancor under Pointe Comfort; from whence the Captaine of the fort, Captain James Davis, repaired unto us, and soone had unfolded a strange . . . tion of a double quallitie, mixed with joy and sorrow. He let us to understand first (because thereof I first inquired) of the ar- rivall of Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Sumers, in 2 pin- nesses, with all their company safe from the Bermudas, the 21. of May (about some fortnight before our now coming in), whome he told us, were now up our river at James Town. I was heartily glad to heare the happiness of this newes; but it was seasoned with a following discourse, compound of so many miseries and calamaties (and those in such horrid chaunges and divers formes), as no story, I believe, ever presented the wrath and curse of the eternall ofl^ended Majestic in a greater measure. I understood moreover, by reason I saw the Virginia to ly then in Eoade, before the pointe ridg, and prepared to sett sayle out of the river, how that Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Sumers were within a tide or two coming downe again, purposing to abandon the countrie whilest they had meenes yet left to transport them and the whole company to Newfoundland. . . . Sir Thomas Gates . . . then entered into consultation with Sir George Sumers and Capt. ISTew- porte, calling unto the same the gentlemen and Counsaile of the former government, intreating both the one and the other to advise with him, what was to be done; the provision which they both had aboard, both Sir George Sumers and Capt. Newporte, was examined and delivered, how it being rackt to the uttermost, extended not above 16 dayes, after 2 cakes a day. The gentlemen of the towne (who knew better of the countrie) could not give them any hope, or wayes how to recover oughts from the Indian. It soone then appeared most fitt, by a gencrall approbation, to 96 preserve and save all from starving, there could be no readier course thought on, then to abandon the countrie, accomodating themselves the best they might in the present pinnasses then in the roade (as, namely, in The Discovery, and The Virginia, the 2 brought from, and builded at, tbe Bermudasi the one called The Deliverance of about 70 tonn, and the other, The Patience, of about 30 tonn) with all speed convenient to make for the New-found- land, where, it being then fishing time, they might meete with many English ships, into which happily, they might disperce most of the Company. This consultation taking effect the 7th of June [1610], Sir Thomas Gates having appointed every pinnass his com- plement and nomber, and delivered likewise thereunto a pro- portionable rate of provision, caused every man to repaire aboard; and bycause he would preserve the towne (albeit now to be quitted) unburned, which some intemperate and malitious people threat- ened, his owne company he likewise cast ashoare, and was him- self the last qf them, when about noon, giving a farewell with a peale of small shott, he sett sayle, and that night, with the tide, fell down to an island in the river, which our people here call Hogg Island; and the next morning the tide brought them to an- other island, which they called Mulben-y Island, at what time they discovered my long boat. For I, having understood of the resolu- tion by the aforesaid pinnas, which was some 4 or 5 days come away before, to prepare those at Pointe Comforte, with all expe- dition I caused the same to be man'd, and in it, with the newes*^ of our arrivall, dispatched my letters by Captain Edward Brew- ister to Sir Thomas Gates which meeting to [gether] before the aforesaid Mulberry Island, the 8th of June aforesaid, [1610] upon the receite of our letters Sir Thomas Gates bore up the helm againe, and that night (the wind favourable) re-landed all his men at the Forte; before which, the 10th of June being Sonday, I brought my shipp, and in the afternoon went ashoare when after a sermon made by Mr Buck, Sir Thomas his preacher, I caused my commission to be read, upon which Sir Thomas Gates delivered up " "With the newes of our arrival." That is where we think the name comes from. 97 unto me his owne commission, both patents, [of office] and the counsel! seale . , . heartening them with the knowledge of what store of provisions I had brought for them; and after, not finding as yet in the towne a convenient house, I repaired aboard againe, where the 12th of June, I did constitute and give place of office and chardge to divers Captaines and gentlemen, and elected unto me a counsaile, unto whome I administered an oath of faith, assistance and secresy; their names were these: Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, Lieutenant General Sir George Sumers, Knight, Admiral. Capt. George Percy, Esq, [and in the Fort Captaine of Fifty.] Sir Ferdinando Wenman, Knight, M [aster of Ordnance] Capt Christopher N^ewport, [vice-admiralL] William Strachey, Esq. Sec- retary [and Eecorder.]*' . . . "James Towne. July 7th, 1610. Tho. La Warre. Tho. Gates. Fer'd Wenman. George Percy. William Strachey.** ". . . Indorsed: Lord De La Warr to my Lord from Virginia. Eeceived in September, 1610.'' Addressed: "To the right honourable my most worthy and speciall Frend the Earl of Salisbury, Lord Treasurer of England. Give thes."°° ". . . The 6, of June I came to an ankor under Cape Comfort when I met with cold comfort, as if it had not binne accompanyed with the most happie newes of Sir Thomas Gates his arrival! it had binne sufficiente to have brooke my hart and to have made me altogether unable to have Donne my King or countrie anie service. Sir Thomas likewise being in Despaire of anie present supplie had prepared himselfe and all his companie for England and ment to quite the Countrye; uppon which advertisement I presentlie sent my skife awaie, to give him notice of my arrival!, which newes"^ I know would alter that resolution of his, myselfe witli all possible speede followed after, and met him comminge downe the river havinge shipped the whole companie and Colonic in two small pinnasses with a determination to stale some tenn Dales at Cape Comfort to expect our Commings, otherwise to goe for England having but 30 Dales vittualles left him and his ^ Brown. Genesis, p. 407. ** Brown. Genesis, p. 413. ^ Brown. Genesis, p. 413. ^^ Here we have the word "newes" connected with the incident. 98 houngrie companic, so iippon the tenth of Jvme [1610] I landed at James Towne."'"' [Tract]. . . . "A Discovery of the Barnmdas, otherwise called the He of Divels : By Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Sommers, and Captayne ISTewport with divers others. Set forth for the love of my Country; and also for the good of the Plantation in Virginia. London, Printed by John Windet, and are to be sold by Eogers Barnes. . . . 1610."=* [Pamphlet]. "Nevves from Virginia. The Lost Flocke Trium- phant; with the happy Arrival of that famous and worthy Knight Sr Thomas Gates : and the well reputed and valient Captaine ]\Ir Christopher Newporte, and others into Virginia. With the man- ner of their distresse in the Hand of Devils (otherwise called Ber- moothawes) where they remained 42 weeks, and builded two Pynaces in which they returned unto Virginia, By R. Rich, Gent., one of the voyage. London. Printed by Edw. Allde, and are to be solde by John Wright, at Christ-Church dore. 1610.'"* ". . . Two others of 70 and 50 tons, which were built two years ago in 'la Bermuda,' (for the purpose of bringing from there to Virginia, in the Spring, 150 persons, who had been wrecked there in a ship, • which was of 200 tons, that went in charge of Captain 'Nio- porte.""' ". . . Deceml^er 18, 1611 . . . A^ewport the Admirall of Virginia is newly come home, and brings word of the arrival there of Sir Thomas Gates and his Companie; but his Lady died by the way in some part of the West Indies, he hath sent his daughters back againe." [Mem. — In last December, Captaine Newport in the Starre and since that [prior to May, 1612] five other Shippes are arived heere from the Colonic.] Gondomar to Philip iii. Lon- don. March 17, 1614. "It is three years since the English have had a footing in Bermuda, by the accidental loss of a ship on that coast. It was coming from [ ? going to] Virginia ; the Cap- tain was called 'ISTeoporte,' a famous sailor.'""^ ''Commons Jour- nal. 17 May, 1614. . . . This Plantation began 1606. Religion. Captain Newport. Sir Tho. Gates. . . :"' "Howes' Chronicles. ^" Brown. Genesis, pp. 414-415. ^ Brown. Genesis, p. 419. *' Brown. Genesis, p. 420. ^^ Brown. Genesis, p. 520. '^ Brown. Genesis, p. 681. ^' Brown. Genesis, p. 693. 99 London. 1615. . . . [Queen Elizabeth called it Virginia] . . . The third year of King James. . . . there were yeerely supplies of men, women and children, sent thither with all necessaries, under the conduct of Captaine Newport. ... In the moneth of May [1609] there were sent thither 9 ships witli five hundred men, women and children, with all necessarie provision, under Syr Thomas Gates, Knight, a grave expert souldier, now appoynted Lieutenant Generall of Virginia, Sir George Somers, Knight, a man very industrious and forward, was now made Admirall of Virginia, and Captain Newport an excellent Navigator was made vice-Admirall.^^ . . . Captain Newport seeing the necessary yeerely supplies for this plantation, not to proceed as was requisite for so honorable action, he left ye service, being chosen one of the 6 Mas- ters of the Navy royall, and being imployed by the Company of the East India ]\Iarchants : he transported Sir Kobert Sherley into Persia.^ ... In the yeere 1609 the Adventurers and companie of Virginia sent from London, a fleete of eight shippes with people supplie and make strong the Collonie in Virginia, Sir Thomas Gates, being generall in a shippe of 300 tun, in this ship was also Sir George Somers, who was Admirall and Captaine New- porte vice-Admirall, & with them about 160. persons, this ship was Admirall and kept Companie with the rest of the Fleet to the height of 30. degrees and being then assembled to consult touch- ing divers matters, they were surprised with a most extreme violent storme which scattered the whole fleete, yet all the rest of the fleet bent their course for Virginia, where by God's speciall favoure they arrived safely, but this great shippe, though new, and far stronger than any of the rest, fell into a great leake, . . . Sir George Sommers, sitting at the Stearne, seeing the shippe desperate of re- liefe looking every minute when the shippe would sinke, hee espyed land, which according to his and Captaine Newports op- pinion, they judged it should be that dreadfull coast of the Ber- modes."^" . . . "They builded there two vessels, went to Virginia in 1610." . . . The Company named these Islands by the name ^° Brown. Genesis, p. 749. ^^ Brown. Genesis, p. 750. '" Brown. Genesis, p. 753. " Brown. Genesis, p. 754. 100 of tlu^ Soincrs Islands: they lie in -12. flef;roes of the Xorth Lati- tude.'"" Xote by Brown. ("The origin of the name 'N^ewport Xcws' in Virginia is a mooted question. It Avas named about the same time as Nieuw Port Mey, which was named for Cornelius Jacobsen Mey, and was possibly named New Port Xewse, for one of the Xewee (or Newse, or Xuce) family. In addition to the foregoing, two others of this family emigrated at an early day, namely: Capt. Tliomas Xewse, deputy for the Company's land and member of the council, arrived in the winter of 1620-21, and died aboiit the 1st of April, 1623, leaving a widow and child, and Capt. William Xewse, who had served in Ireland at the siege of Kinsale. . . . He was the first Mayor of Bandon; laid out a town opposite called Xewce's ToAvn, offered to transport a colony to Virginia, April 12, 1621 ; patented lands there ; chosen marshal of Vir- ginia, May 2, 1621 ; knighted at Theobald's, May 31, 1621 ; added to the Virginia Council, Jvine 13, 1621 ; went over with "Wyat, ar- rived there early in October, 1621 ; and died two months after. . . . Xewce — Xewse — Xuce, George. Came to Virginia, and was living at Elizabeth City in 1624.""= "Xewport, Captain Christopher. Was probably born between 1560 and 1670, and entered the sea service at an early age. Went to West Indies, in command of four vessels, January 11, 1592. The other voyage was made in 1604-'05. January 11, 1606, Sir Eobert Mansell, Sir John Trevor, and others, recommended Cap- tain Xewport to Lord Admiral Xottingham for the reversion of the office of one of the principal masters of the navy. January 13, 1606, the Lord Admiral wrote to Sir Rob. Mansell, Sir Henry Palmer, Sir John Trevor, and Sir Peter Buck, the principal offi- cers of the Eoyal Xavy, that he granted to Capt. Chris. Xewport the reversion solicited, after the placing of Capt. John King. De- cember 10. 1606, he was commissioned and given by the Council of Virginia the sole charge and command of all the captains, sol- diers, and mariners, and other persons that shall go in any the said ships and pinnace in the said voyage from the day of the date hereof until such time as they shall fortune to land upon the said "Brown. Genesis, p. 756. "^Brpwn. Genesis, p. 956. 101 coast of Virginia. Thus was lie in tlie 'sole charge and command' of the first expedition of Englishmen that landed in James River." JSTewporfs voyages to Virginia : He left England : December 19, 1606, to July 29, 1607, his first voyage to Virginia. October 8, 1607, to May 30, 1608, his second voyage to Virginia. July, 1608, to January, 1609, his third voyage to Virginia. June 2, 1609, to September, 1610, his fourth voyage to Vir- ginia. March 17, 1611, to December, 1611, his fifth voyage to Vir- ginia. In 1612 he was appointed one of the six masters of the royal navy, and employed by the East India Company to carry Sir Rob- ert Sherley to Persia. January 7, 1613, to July 10, 1611, his first voyage to the East Indies in command of the good ship 'the Ex- pedition of London, of about 260 tunnes burthen.' He landed the ambassador's party in 'the River of Sinde, India, Septembei 26, 1613,' and returning well laden anchored in 'The Downs,' July 10, 1614. Sir Robert Sherley wrote a letter to the East India Co., highly recommending the deserts of Captain New- port.' Capt. Walter Peyton's account of the voyage, in Purchas, . . . speaks highly of Xewport, and he was much commended by the East India Company for his good ser- vices, delivering his charge safely, discovering unknown places (in the Persian Gulf and elsewhere) brings home his ship well laden, his men in health, and dispatching the voj-age in so short a time, and they resolved to gratify him with a present of fifty Jacobuses.' [pounds.] September 20, 1614, the East India Co. resolved 'to entertain Captain Xewport as Admiral,' and he entered into the service of the great company; January 24, 1615, to about September, 1616, on his second voyage to the East Indies, in which he commanded the Lion in the fleet accompanying "Sir Thomas Roe, Embassadour from the King of England (James I) to the Great Mogoll of India*' (Shah Jehan). Early in 1617 he sailed from England on his third voyage to India in command of the Hope, with the Hound as escort. August 15, 1617, the Hope ar- rived at Bantam on the isle of Java, 'commander Captain New- port, who reported that seven ships were sent this year from Eng- 102 land to Surat.' A few days after (prior to September 1, [1617] 'there dyed out of the Hope, Cajitaine Newport, that worthy Sea- man and Commander.' The Hope was loaded at Bantam, and on Tuesday, January 20, 1618, sailed thence for England, arriving there September 1, 1618, bringing (I suppose) the first account of Newport's death. From 1593 to his death in 1617, we find Capt. Christopher Newport commanding in active services at sea of special confidence and trust. He brought tlie first English colonists to Virginia, and supplied them for years. He carried back the first Persian ambassador (to England) to Persia." . . . He was one of the first Englishmen to explore the Chesapeake Bay, and James Eivcr. . . . We find him commanding in the water of the AVest Indies ; we leave him as he sinks to rest beneath the far- off waters of the East Indies. He was one of the founders of English colonies and English commerce; and he was not the least among those who laid the ground-work of Great Britain's present greatness. The admirall of Virginia lived on the ocean; the ocean is his tomb, and his admirable monument, and the city of New- port News, whether named for him or not, will be his memorial in America."'* November 17, 1619, the following minute was made at a meet- ing of the Virginia Company of London: 'Whereas the company hath formerly granted to Captain Newport a bill of Adventure for four hundred pounds, and his son now desiring order from court for the laying out of some part of the same, Mr T^reasurer, was authorized to write to Sir George Yeardley and the Councill of State for the effecting thereof.' These lands are supposed to have been located at Newport News on James River.*" "July 10, 1621, the Virginia Company of Eondon, as a further "* How can this be reconciled with the idea that the place was named after Sir William Newce, or Nieuw Port Mey, and Cornells Jacobsen May? ""* The History of Virginia. Robert Beverley. London, 1722, p. 37. "It was October, 1621, that Sir Francis Wyat arrived Governor, and in November Captain Newport arrived with fifty Men imported at his own Charge, besides Passengers; and made a Plantation on Newport's News, naming it after himself." 103 acknov.'ledgment of Captain Newport's services in the enterprise, gave his widow thirty five shares of hind (3500 acres) in Virginia. j\Ir Christopher Newport was one of the patentees of land in Vir- ginia in 1622-'23. Edward ISTewport, gent., and Eichard New- port, gent., both died in Xorthampton County, Virginia, in 1642, 'of a contagious disease called the plague.' "" . . . "Wee have this Saterday night receved the cunifortabell newse of Sir George Summers' arrivall.""' "" Brown. Genesis, pp. 956-958. Newport's family. Diet. Nat. Biog., Vol. p. . *" Brown. Genesis, p. 1018. 104 XIX. ALEXANDER BROWN— FIRST REPUBLIC IN AMERICA. "^On Saturday, December 20-30, 1606, the first expedition sent out for '^'the First Colony in Virginia" sailed from London, under the sole charge and command for the voyage of Captain Christo- pher Newport, in three vessels, namely: 'The good Ship called the Sarah Constant (Captain Newport Admiral), and the ship called the Goodspeed (Captain Bartholomew .Gosnold, vice-ad- miral), and a pinnace called the Discovery (Captain John Eat- cliffe).' Statements differ as to the number of people in the expe- dition; but the Advice of the King's Council (which is the offi- cial statement) places the number of emigrants at 'six score' (120). There were also about forty or fifty sailors.'"'* ..." 'January 15, 1607, they anchored in the Downs,"; but the winds continued contrarie so long, that we were forced to stay there sometime, where we suffered great storms, but by the skillfulness of the Captain, we suffered no great loss or danger. "They left the coast of England about the 18th of February. On the 22d they saw 'a blazing star' (a comet, an ill omen), and soon after then was a storm. They reached the southwest part of the Great Canaries late in February, or early in March. Here they remained several days taking on wood and water, and then sailed for Virginia via the West Indies. About March 21, there were rumours of a meeting by Stephen Galthropp, Captain John Smith, and others, of which we have no detailed account; but we know that Newport had ample au- thority in such matters at sea." . . . May 1 there was a vehement tempest, which carried the Captain beyond his reckoning so that he had 'to tackle back,' sounding their way, on May 2, 3, 4 and 5. 'On Sunday, April 26, (May 6) "about foure a clocke in the morn- ing we descried the land of Virginia: the same day wee entered into the Bay of Chesapioc directly without any let or hindrance; there we landed and discovered a little way, but we could finde *' Alexander Brown. The First Republic of America. Boston, 1898, p. 12. 105 nothing worth tlie speaking of, but fairc meadowes and goodly tall trees, with such fresh waters running through the woods, as I was almost ravished at the first sight thereof.""* "At night, on May 6, when the English were going aboard, the Indians made an attack on them, wounding Captain Gabriel Archer and Matthew Morton. That night the box containing the "several instruments close sealed" was opened, and the orders read, in which Bartholomew Gosnold, Edward Maria Wingfield, Christopher Newport, John Smith, John Eatcliffe, John Martin, and George Kendal were named to l^e "His ]\[ajesties Council for the first Colony in Vir- ginia. . . . May 7, they began to build up their shallop. They ate some oysters in 'Lynnliaven Bay' which were very large and of delicate taste." [as they continue to be to this day.] "May 8, [1607] They launched the shallop, and Captain Kewport and some gentlemen went in her, and discovered up the bay, under the advice given them by His Majesty's Council. Entering James Eiver (which they named for the King) on the south side, they were dis- appointed in finding the water so shallow as to put them out of all hopes for getting any higher with their ships ; but towards night the}^ rowed over to a point of land, where they found an excellent channel, which put them "in good Comfort. Therefore they named that point of Land, Cape Comfort." . . . May 10, they brought their ships into the river at Cape Comfort, and ^STewport, causing the shallop to be manned rowed to the shore. "Leaving ten men as centinel at the river's mouth," they went to Kecoughtan, and so on from day to day along up "King James, his river, looking for a suitable seating place"; the ships following after the shallop with the tide, and Newport sometimes going back to them for the night. May 14, [13] they came to the region where they finally selected their "seating place." . . . May 18, [1607] they were view- ing the localities about the mouth of the Appomattoc. [Chicka- hominy?! May 23, on their way back to the ships, they discovered a point of land, which they called Archer's Hope, and "if it had not been disliked, because the ship could not ride near the shore, we had settled there to all the colonies contentment." . . . May •» Brown. First Republ., pp. 21-22-23. 106 13-23. The ships came up — on tlie evening tide, I suppose — to the place selected for their seating place in the Paspiha country, some eight miles from Archer's Hope, where our ships do lie so near the shore that they are moored to the trees is six fathoms water." May 14-24 "we landed all our men which were set to work about the fortifications, and others some to watch and ward, as it was con- venient. . . . within this fair Eiver of Paspiheigh, which we have called the King's River, they selected an extended plaine and spot of earth, which thrust out into the depth and middest of the chan- nel, making a kind of . . . Peninsula. . . . the colony dis-imbarked, and every man brought his particular store and furniture, together with the generall provision ashore : for the safety of which, as likewise for their own security, ease and accommodating, a cer- taine canton and quantity, of that little halfe Island of ground was measured, which they began to fortifie, and thereon in the name of God to raise a Fortresse, with the ablest and spediest means they could." 'They named their town, or fort, in honor of their King, James-town or James-fort. It was located "on the north side of James his river." . . . "It seems quite certain that Newport landed here May 4-14, from his shallop, while on his exploring voyage up the river, and that the actual landing of the colony was on May 14-24. The custom of celebrating IMay 3-13 is probably due to ' Smith's history. This history, which used the old style date, states that Newport left Jamestown, June 15, when we know the correct date was June 22, and that its dates are frequently wrong, and not as safe to be relied on as Percy's. But it does' not really differ from Percy on this point. It simply says, until the 13 of May they sought a place to plant in, then [i. e. after that] the councell was sworne [4-24], M. Wingfield was chosen President, & an oration was made, whil Captaine Smith was not admitted to the Councell as the rest."'" ". . . Captain Newport arrived at Plymouth on his way from A^irginia on Wednesday, August 8, 1607. . . . On Friday following he sailed from Plymouth to London. . . . He sailed up the Thames on or about August 18.^^ '* Brown. First Republ., pp. 25-26. "Then the councell was sworne," means, at that time, loth of May. ■" Brown. First Republ. 107 ". . . October 4, 1G07. Tlie John and Fi'ancis, Captain jSTcwport, and the Phoenix, Captain Nelson, sailed from London with the first supplies for A'irginia.'"'' . . . "The John and Francis reached Jamestown on Saturday evening, January 12 [1G08]."" After making trial of 'all the wayes' for relieving the colony, and after consulting with his Council, on or before June 11 [1610] Governor Gates reached the conclusion that there was no way before him save to abandon the colony; sent the Virginia down to Algernoune Fort to take on Captain Davis and his men, while he began making preparations for leaving Jamestown. "Our governor having caused to be carried a])oard all arms, and all the best things in the store; having buried the ordnances lief ore the Fort gate ; having appointed to every pinnace likewise his complement and numljer and delivered thereunto a proportionable rate of provision, on June 17th com- manded every man at the beating of the Drum to repair aboard. And because he would preserve the Towne (albeit now to be quit- ted) unburned, wliicli some intemperate and malicious people threatened, he caused his own Company (which he had brought from the JSTetherlands, under the command of his Lieutenant, Capt. George Yeardley,) to be last ashore, and was himself the last of them to get aboard, when about noon giving a farewell, with a peal of small shot, they sail in the Discovery, the Deliverance and the Patience. "That night they fell down with the tide to Hogg Island, and the next morning the tide brought them to ]\Iull)erry Island, where they met the Virginia, in which Lord De la Warr had sent Captain Edward Brewster, with letters to Sir Thomas Gates, instructing him to return to Jamestown." "And Gates the very next day, ... as wind and weather gave leave, returned his whole company Avith charge to take possession again of those poor ruinated habitations at Jamestown which he had formerly aban- doned. Himself in a boat proceeded downward to meet his Lord- ship, who making all speed up, arrived shortly after at James- town."'* "Lord De la Warr left London about ATarch 12, 1610, and '- Brown. First Republ., p. 50. '•'' Brown. First Republ., p. 55. '* Brown. First Republ., p. 127. 108 sailed from the 'Cowes' on April 11, in tlio Do la Warr, accompa- nied with the Blessing, of Plymouth, and the Hercules of Eye with supplies for the colony and about one hundred and fifty emi- grants. ... He found at Point Comfort the A^irginia, Avhich had been sent from Jamestown about June 11, to take aboard Cap- tain James Davis and the garrison of the fort there. June 17, De la Warr caused his pinnace to Ije manned and sent Captain Edward Brewster in her with letters to Sir Thomas Gates, with "newes of their arrivall.'"' Brewster met Gates at Mulberry Island on June 18, [1610] who u])on receipt of the letters, ordered his ships "to boar up the helm" for Jamestown, wliere all his men re- landed that night. Lord De la Warr reached Jamestown with his ships on Sunday, June 20, 1610, and in tlie afternoon went ashore."^' "June 22, 1610. The lord governor elected unto himself a Coun- cil, and constituted and gave place of off^ice and charge to divers captains and gentlemen, unto all of whom he administered an' oath of faith, assistance, and secrecy, 'mixed with the oath of Al- legiance and Supremacy to his Majesty.' " The Council were Sir Thomas Gates, lieutenant-general; Sir George Somers, admiral; Captain George Percy, esquire (and, in the fort, captain of fifty) ; Sir Ferdinando Weinman, captain of the ordnance; Captain Chris- topher Newport, vice-admiral; and William Strachey, esquire, sec- retary and recorder. The other officers were : Captain John Mar- tin, master of the battery works for steel and iron ; Captain George Webb, sergeant-major of the fort; captains of companies, Ed- ward Brewster (of the lord governor's own company), Thomas Lawson, Thomas Holcroft, Samuel Argall, and George Yeardley (who commanded the lieutenant-generars company). Among the other officers were: Master Ealf Hamor and Master Browne, clerks of the Council, and Master Daniel Tucker and Master Eob- ert Wilde, clerks of the store. Master Anthony Scott was ensign of Lord de la Warr's company. Dr Lawrence Bohun, Bev. Wil- liam Mease (or Mays), Eichard Kingsmill, Jane, daughter of '" This phrase, and the word "newes" have been connected always with this incident, and believed to give the name to "Newport's Xetves." '" Brown. First Republic, pp. 127-128. 109 William Pierce and the third wife of Jolin Eolf, William Julian, Joan Chandler, and Reynold Booth were of those who came to Virginia at this time.'"' . . . "Early in September, 1610, the Blessing, of Plymouth, and the Hercules of Eye, returned to England with Gates, New- port, Captain Adams, and others from Virginia.'"' "Sir Thomas Dale sailed from Land's End, March 37, [1611] with the Starr (Captain Newport, vice-admiral of Virginia, in charge of the voyage, and John Clark, pilot), the Prosperous, and the Elizabeth, and three hundred people and all things necessary for the colony, . . . and anchored before Algernoune Fort, at Point Comfort, at night. May 22, 1611." . . . May 30, Deputy-Governor Dale held a consultation with the Council, and they decided at once to repair the church and storehouse, to build a stable for their horses, a munition-house, a powder-house, and sturgeon-dressing house; to dig a new well; to make brick; to raise a blockhouse on the north side of the back river to prevent the Indians from killing the cattle; a house to store hay in, and lodge the cattle in winter, and to perfect a smith's forge; besides private gardens for each man, common (public) gardens for flax and hemp, and such other seeds, and lastly a bridge'" to land the good dry and safe upon. . . . Captain Newport with the mariners undertook the bridge. [At Jamestown].*^ "Lieutenant-Governor Gates selected From 300 to 350 men, and about the middle of September, 1611, set out from Jamestown with the tide, and in a day and a half landed at the site selected, . . . and by the middle of January, 1612, had made "Henrico much better and of more worth than all the work ever since the colony, therein done." The first story of these houses was of brick burnt there by the brickmen.'"" . . . Vice-admiral Newport sailed for England with this ship [The Starr] in No- vember, 1611.*'' ... "Newport had succeeded Sir George Somers as Admiral of Virginia but was afterwards appointed [1612] one " Brown. First Republ., pp. 131-132. '' Brown. First Republ., p. 140. '^ Brown. First Republ., p. 147. "" A landing-stage, a wharf. *^ Brown. First Republ., p. 150. **' Brown. First Republ., pp. 156-157. ''Brown. First Republ.. p. 157. no of the six masters of tlie royal niwy, and Argall then succeeded him as admiral of Virginia, to remain in the colony.**** "Argall located definitely [1617] the then hounds of the four great 'Incorporations and Parishes of James Citty, Charles Citty, the citty of Heuricus and Kiccautan."*° "On April 7, 1619, the governor issued the following proclama- tion: — 'To all to whom these presents shall come, I Samuel Ar- gall, Esq., and principal Governor of Virginia, do by these presents testify, and upon my certain knowledge hereby do make manifest the bounds and limits of Jamestown how far it doth extend every way — that is to say the whole island, with part of the main land lying on the East side of Argall town, and adjoining upon the said Island, also the neck of land on the north part, and so the further part of Archer's Hope; also Hog Island; from thence to the four mile Tree on the south, usually called by the name of Tappahannock, in which several places of ground I hereby give, leave and license for the inliabitants of Jamestown to plant as members of the corporation and parish of the same. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand the 28th day of March [Old Style] in tJie year of our Lord 1619, and on the 12th year of the plantation."'"" "In order to establish one equal and uniform kind of govern- ment all over Virginia, such as may be to the greatest benefit and comfort of the people, each town, hundred, and plantation was to be incorporated into one body corporate (a borough), under like laws and orders with the rest; and in orders to give the planters a hand in the governing of themselves each borough had the right to elect two burgesses to the General Assembly. The plantations were located in four large corporations or general boroughs which were laid out as follows : — I. The City of Henricus including Henrico (Farrar's Island), extending thence on both sides of James Eiver to the westward, the pale run by Dale between the said river and the Appomattox Eiver being the line of the south side. II. Charles City. From the said pale, including the neck of land ^ Brown. First Republ., p. 173. ''■^ Brown. First Republ., p. 254. ^ Brown. First Republ., p. 287. Ill now known as Jones JSTeck, eastward, down James Eiver, on both sides, to the mouth of the Chickahominy River. III. James City extended down on both sides of the river, with the same near the river of the present James City and Warwick (afterwards formed, and named after the Eaii of Warwick) counties on the north side, and the present Surry and Isle of Wight counties, or it may have extended to the Elizabeth River on the south side, as south bounds are not definitely defined. IV. "The Burrough of Kiccowtan" extended from James City corporation to the bay. All settlements were then on, or near, James River. I. The corporation of Henricus was then only one "burrough," the old planters at "Arrohattock," "Coxendale," and "Henrico," uniting, elected Thomas Dowse and John Polentine. II. The corporation of Charles City contained five burroughs which chose burgesses; but those from. Martin's Brandon (Mr. Thomas Davis and Mr. Robert Stacy) were not allowed, thus re- ducing the number to four: — 1. The old plantations of Bermuda Hundred, Sherley Hundred, and Charles City uniting elected Sam- uel Sharpe and Samuel Jordan. 2. Smythe's Hundred elected Captain .Thomas Graves and Mr Walter Shelley. 3. Plowerdieu [Flowerdew] Hundred elected Ensign Edmund Rossingham and Mr John Jefferson. 4. Captain Ward's plantation elected Captain Ward and Lieutenant John Gibbs. The last three buroughs were new plantations; the last two having been just settled. III. The corporation of James City, also, contained four bor- oughs: — 1. James City elected Captain William Powell and Ensign William Spence. 2. Argall's Gift elected Mr Thomas Paulett and Mr Edward Gourgaing. 3. Martin's Hundred elected Mr John Boys and John Jackson. 4. Captain Lawne's plantation elected Captain Christopher Lawne and Ensign Washer. The last two buroughs were new plantations recentl}'' settled. IV. The corporation of "Kiccowtan" was then only one bur- ough, which elected Captain William Tucker and William Capps.*^ The General Assembly, made up of the Governors, Council and " Brown. First Republ., pp. 313-314. 112 Burgesses, met in tlic churcli at James Town on the 30th of July, 1619, and adjourned 4th. of August, 1619. The first legislative assembly ever held within the limits of the United States. This first assembly changed the name of Kiccowtan to that of Eliza- beth City; after the King's daughter, Elizabeth, the Queen of Bo- hemia.^* ''The first share of land in Virginia, of which there is any record 'granted from the companie accordinge to the Ivinges letters Pat- tents' under the act of this court [Hilary term of the Virginia quarter courts, held on February 10, 1616] was issued to Mr Simon Codington on March 6-16, 161o-'16, and this was about as soon as any shares could have been issued by the company.'" "Apl., Nov. 1619. Justice must also be rendered to Sir George Somers. Captain Christopher Newport;, and their numerous co- laborers in the colony.""" "November 27, 1619, the Michaelmas quarter court met. . . . The company had formerly granted to Captain Christopher New- port a bill of adventure of four hundred pounds, and Sir Edwin Sandys [Treasurer, in England] was authorized by this court to write to the Governors and Council of State in Virginia to lay out some ])art of the same for the benefit of his son and heir, John Newport. """ "Cornells Jacobsen May, the Dutch sea-captain, was in the Chesapeake Bay in 1620, and probably about this time.""' "1620. The Jonathan, of 350 tons. Captain Thompson, which left England with 200 persons, including many maids for wives, after a tedious passage in which above sixteen died, arrived in Virginia in May or June [1620]. j\Irs Christopher Newport, the widow of 'Our Captaine,' sent"^ six men by this ship at her own charge, to be placed on her lands in Virginia.""* . . . "It cost the company about £12. 10s each to transport emigrants on specially employed ships; other ships agreed to take emigrants to Virginia at £6 each." «^ Brown. First Republ., p. 377. «• Brown. First Republ., p. 233. "" Brown. First Republ., p. 331. ""■ Brown. First Republ., p. 347, p. " Brown. First Republ., p. 375. "■'' So she must have been in England. ^ Brown. First Republ., p. 376. 113 "Nov. 1620 to Nov. 1631. Sir George Yeardley, Governor; Henry, Earl of Southampton, Treasurer. . . . The Bona Nova, of 200 tons. Captain John Hudleston, with 120 persons, arrived in the winter of 1620-21, probably in January .°''' . . . The sliip also brought the commissions of the recently appointed Councillors of State in Virginia : George Thorpe, Thomas Newce, John Pountis, William Tracy, David Middleton, Mr Blewit of the iron works, and Mr Thomas Harwood, the chief of Martin's Hundred. Cap- tain Thomas Newce, who came in this ship, was regarded by the Council in England as a "choice man." He was sent to take gen- eral charge of all 'the Company's land and tenants in Virginia whatsover,' and for his entertainment [wages] it was ordered that he and such as shall succeed him in that place shall have 1,200 acres of land set out belonging to that office: 600 at Kiquotan (now Elizabeth City), 400 at Charles City, 100 at Henrico, 100 at James City, and for the manuring [cultivation] of this land shall have forty tenants to be placed thereupon — whereof twenty to be sent presently, and the other twenty in the two springs ensuing."^ "January 31, 1621. Sir George Yeardley, George Thorpe, Thomas Newce, Nathaniel Poole, Samuel Maycock, John Pory, (secre- tary), John Eolfe, and John Pountis, wrote to the Earl of South- ampton, the Council and Company for Virginia in London, in- closing a petition to the King against his Late Proclamation against the Importation of Tobacco into England.^' . . . These documents were sent to England by the Temperance, which left Virginia early in February" [1621].°^ . . . "Easter Court, May 12, 1621. Henry, Earl of Southamp- ton, Treasurer; Mr John Ferrar, Deputy-Treasurer. The old offi- cers were generally re-elected. Mr George Sandys was elected to be treasurer in Virginia, and Captain William Newce, marshall. Each of them was then elected to the Council in England and to "■■Brown. First Republ., p. 409. »« Brown. First Republ., pp. 410-411. "'King James's (I) "Counterblast against Tobacco" was printed in London, in 1604. A Counterblaste to | tobacco | Imprinted at London ] by R. B. I Anno., 1604. "^ Brown. First Republic, p. 412. 114 the Council of State in Virginia, and to each office (treasurer and marshal in Virginia) was allotted 1500 acres of land and 50 tenants.'""" . . . "The court of July 20, [1621] gave Mrs Chris- topher Newport, the widow of 'our Captaine,' thirty five shares (being the largest number of shares given any one)."^ . . . "Gov- ernor-elect Wyatt arrived on the George (180 tons, Mr Wiseman's ship, William Ewers, master, with 120 persons), by which ship the Council in England sent to Governor Yeardley a letter dated August 4, 1621, telling him that 'they had sent Sir Francis Wyatt to be the future governor; j\Ir George Sandys to be the Treasurer in Virginia [an official that had been asked for l)y the General Assembly of August, 1619]; . . . Rev. Mr Bolton for Elizabeth City to inhabit with Capt. Tho. Newce.'" . . . "Sir George Yeard- ley's term expired November 28, 1621, and Sir Francis Wyatt succeeded him on that day. . . . An ordinance and constitution of the treasurer, Council and company in England for a Council of State and General Assembly, dated August 3, 1621. (The origi- nal was of November 28, 1618.) The Council of State inserted were: Sir Francis Wyatt, governor; Captain Francis West, Sir George Yeardley, Sir William Newce, (marshall of Virginia), Mr. George Sandys, (treasurer), Mr George Thorpe (deputy of the college), Captain Newce, (deputy for the company), Mr Paulett, Mr. Leech, Captain Nathaniel Powell, Mr Christopher Davison (the secretary), Dr Potts (the physician to the company in Vir- ginia), Mr Roger Smith, Mr John Berkeley, ]\Ir John Rolfe, Mr Ralph Hamor, Mr John Pountis, Mr Michael Lapworth, Mr. Har- wood, and Mr Samuel Maycock."^ . . . "In November, 1620, the company had agreed to pay Mr Daniel Gooldn (Goggin, Cockin, Cockayne, etc.) and Mr Thomas Wood 'to transport from Ireland to Virginia, after the rate of £11, the heifer of English breed, and she goats at £3 10s a piece.' In July, 1621, Mr Gookin desired that the words of the agreement might be ^uore clearly explained. This the company did; and, according to his request in his letter, they agreed that he should have a patent for a particular planta- "^ Brown. First Republ., p. 422. ^ Brown. First Republic, p. 426. - Brown. First Republ., pp. 453-454. * Brown. First Republ., pp. 455-456. 115 tion as large as that granted to Sir William Newce, On December 2, 1621, he landed in Virginia wholy uppon his owne adventure 'forty young cattle, well and safely, and fifty men, besides some thirty other passengers/ According to their desire the Governor seated them at Xew Porte Newce,* and he conceived great hope that if this Irish plantation prospered that from Ireland great multitude of people wilbe like to come hither." . . . "Captain Thomas ISTewce [IS^uce], Sir William Xewce, and LIr Daniel Gookin came to Virginia from Newce's Town, county Cork, Ire- land; but they were natives of England; I suppose, though, that some of those brought over by them were Irish. The Newce brothers proposed bringing over great numbers and forming a settlement. They had located in the corporation of Elizabeth City, evidently at a place called by them "ISTew Porte Newce," where Gookin joined them, and kept up the plantation after they died. [Note by Brown. 'I have always found this name spelled "New porte" in original documents; but in prints and copies it is some- times given as "Newport's; the last name, however, is spelled "Newce," "Newse," "Nuce," etc. See The Genesis of the United States, p. 956]. Gooking came in the Flying Hart, of which ship Cornelius Johnson, a Dutchman of Home, in Plolland, was master. The ship was probably the Flying Horse, of Flushing, which was in Virginia in 1615.^ . . . The Seaflower (140 tons, with 120 per- sons, including Captain Ealph Hamor, Eev. William Bennet, some of Mr George Harrison's servants, etc.) arrived in February [1622]. The company had formerly bestowed 32 shares of land in Virginia upon Captain Christopher Newport in reward of his services; the Virginia court of July 20, 1621, gave his widown three shares [300 acres] for having previousl}^ sent six men to Virginia, at her own charge, and ordered Sir Francis Wyatt and the Council to set out the land, and Captain Hamor was now to see this done according to Mrs Newport's desire."" ". . . After the Massacre, March 22, 1622, many of the settle- ments were abandoned; but it was determined to hold James City, * So it seems the place was already named, before December 2, 1621. ^ Brown. First Republ., pp. 458-459. " Brown. First Republic, pp. 463-464. 116 Paspaheigh, the various plantations over the river opposite James City, Kecoughtan, New Port iSTewcc, Southampton Hundred, Flowerdieu Hundred, Sherley Hundred, and the plantation of Mr Samuel Jourdan. All others were to be abandoned, and the re- maining cattle, as far as possible, to be gathered together on Jamestown Island, as the most secure place for them.''' . . .' "The Seafiower was despatched to England, about May 22, [1022] Avith letters from the governor and Council, Mr George Sandys, Mr George Harrison, and others, telling of the great massacre. Mr Daniel Gookin and others went over at the same time [May 22, 1622] to give in person the unwelcome news.'" Gookin was present at the meeting of the Virginia Court in Lon- don, on the 19 of June, 1622." . . . "On July 15, [? 1622] it was agreed by the Xew Engjand company that Mr Gookyn shall be admitted in ye new Grants upon payment of his Adventure." The massacre in Virginia may have turned him towards Xew Eng- land.'" Mr George Sandys sent a private letter, written a few days later than Mr George Harrison's of February 3, [1622] to Mr Ferrar, by the Hopewell; the following extracts: Ho tells of the arrival of Sir William Newce, in October, 1621, of his early death, and of the disposition of his. few surviving servants, to Cap- tain Wilcocks, Captain Eoger Smyth, Captain "William Tucker, Captain Crashaw, etc. ... "I am a little afraid there be little tobacco left which the magazine hath not received."'^ . . . "The governor and Council's letter of April 13, [1622], to the treasurer and Council in England, tell of the death of Captain William Newce (x4.pril 11, [1622]). . . . The Margaret and John, accounted a lost ship, after a long and tedious passage, arrived about April 14, [1623]. "A day or so after, Mr Gookin's ship, the Providence, with John Clarke as pilot, arrived at New Port Newce with forty men for him and thirty passengers besides. Which ship had also ' Brown. First Republ., p. 470. •* Brown. First Republ., p. 471. "Records of the Virginia Company. 2 Vols. Washington, D. C, 1906, Vol. II, p. 39. "> Brown. First Republic, pp. 482-483. " Brown. First Republic, p. 504. 117 been long out and suffered extremely in lier passage." "Of all Mr. Gookin's men which he sent out the last year we found but seven — the rest being all killed by the Indians, and his plantation ready to fall to decay.'"' 'Let the profits of the tenants belonging to Capt. Thomas Xuee's place be given to his virtuous widow this year.' "Given in a great and General Court held for Virginia August 16, 1G23, and ordered to be sent in the name of the Com- pany to the Governor and Council of State in Virginia.'"" . . . "IV. The Corporation of Elizabeth City. Private Lands Patents prior to 1621 (on the north side of the river) : Daniel Gookin and others at Xew Port jSTewce" 1300 acres planted." "Patents for land. Sealed between July, 1622, and May, 1623. no 68. (in the order of sealing) John (son of Captain Christopher) New- port.^" "On the next day, [June 18, 1610] Captain Edward Brewster (of Lord De la Warr's military company, which had served Mau- rice of Xassau, and, it may be, "William the Silent) met the de- parting colonists at Mulberry Island with orders from the lord- governor, who had so providentially arrived, for Sir Thomas Gates 'to bear up the helm and return to Jamestown, where all his men landed that night'; but Gates himself, in a boat, proceeded down- ward to meet his lordship, who making all speed up, arrived at Jamestown on Sunday, June 26, 1610.* . . . Gates and ISTewport sailed from Virginia on July 25, 1610, and arrived in England in September following, bringing the news of the discovery of the Bermudas.* ^- Brown. First Republ., pp. 511-512. " Brown. First Republ., p. 563. " That is the way Brown always spells Newport's News. " Brown. First Republic, p. 624. ^» Brown. First Republ., p. 630. * Alexander Brown. English Politics in Early Virginia History. Bos- ton, 1901, pp. 20-21. 118 XX. HUGH BLAIR GRIGSBY TO CHARLES DEANE. APRIL 4, 1867. Xame written and printed 'Newport's News'; so written in the first part of the letter [p. 1]. "Let me observe that, from the origin of the name to the present day, it has ever been pronounced ISTewport-Nuse, as if the word 'ISTews' was spelt Nuse, the hard sound of the "s" being always distinguishable." There was in the adjoining State of North Carolina a river called ISTeuse, and as our early associations with that State had been intimate, it was thought that there may have been some relation between Newport and that river, which, in the lapse of years, had been forgotten; and accordingly the name of our veteran admiral Newport and the name of the fair water-nymph of Carolina were joined together for a term of years in a most affectionate union.^* About this time some curious persons, who visited the spot, observed a curve in the shore; and connecting the curve with the image of a noose, such as a Mexican flings over the horns of wild cattle, thought that they had discovered the origin of the name. Indeed, as late as 1864, an eminent writer of the American Antiquarian Society says, "that an antiquarian friend told him that he was passing Newport's News thirty years ago on a steamer, and the old pilot told him that they called it Newport's Noose, and pointed to the cove at the northwest point of land as the noose"; the very noose that gave name to the place." " The u in Nuse being sounded ew, and never oo. "Foot-note: "At the great massacre in 1622, which happened a few months after the naming of Newport's News, some of the Virginia colonists took refuge in North Carolina." P. 2. Campbell. History of Virginia: "November, 1621, Gookin settled at 'Mary's Mount,' above Newport's News." P. 164. ^'^ The Mexican would have used reata, and not noose. Reata is not a Spanish word; it is made up of re — again and atar — to tie: and means the rope used to tie horses or mules, the head of one to the tail of another, so that they may follow in line. Popular etymology is a favourite employment; as most people would rather give a wrong solu- tion than to admit ignorance on any matter. 119 ". . . The story runs, that on the memorable occasion, when the starving colonists, reduced to a mere handful! of men, had in their four small vessels departed from Jamestown for good and all, they met the ships of Captain Newport, filled with fresh emi- grants and stores of provisions, off this very point of jSTewport's News, and joyfully returned with their deliverers to the deserted city. The misfortune of this narrative is that there is hardly a word of truth in it. It is, indeed, true that in 1610 the colonists did leave Jamestovvn; but instead of reaching Newport's News they had gone only as far as Mulberry Island, in the James, a long distance^" from the place in question ; and instead of meeting Cap- tain Newport, in command of the relieving fleet, they met a long- boat from the fleet, which was commanded by Sir Thomas West, Lord Delaware, and forthwith returned to Jamestown. Now Newport was really present on this occasion, . . . which, by the way, happened eleven years before New^port's News was named; but was one of the starving colonists himself, and returned with his fellow-sufferers to the settlement."' [pp. 3-4.] Let us trace the name in our histories and on the map. I would observe that the spelling of common, and more especially proper, names was, in the beginning of the seventeenth century, unsettled and arbitrary; and that our hero. Captain John Smith, seems to have spelt the names of men by the ear, and without any regard to their orthography. Thus Smith, as last [Plate] as 1621, spells the name of Newport, whom he had known so long and well, Nuport; and he spell the name of the same person differently at different times. The first mention of the name of Newport's News is in Smith's General History, first published in 1624, where it is printed Nuport's Newes." It is mentioned by Beverley and Stith, -" Some twelve or fifteen miles. ^^ They met the boat coming from towards Newport's News Point, called on Smith's map of 1G08 Poynt Hope. =* Note by Mr. Deane: "Newport News" is mentioned in a letter from Virginia, under date of Feb., 1622-'23. Another letter of April 8th, of that year; the same which speaks of the death of Captain [Thomas] 'Nuse,' referred in a note futher on; is dated from Newport News." (Sainsbury's Calendar of Colonial Papers, pp. 41-43. Cal. Col. Papers says: "Captain Nuse lately dead, an account will be taken of the state of his affairs. P. 41. Captain [Thomas] Nuce died very poor. . . . allowance to Captain Nuce's widow and child." 120 and in every instance the final word is spelt Xews; but no expia- tion, which tlie writer ought to have given if he could,"^ and would have given, and which, if the Avord had been designed to com- memorate some remarkable incident in our history, would have been reported, is given by Smith and Stith. Beverley, whose his- tory of Virginia appeared in 1705, alone alludes to its origin'* and says, 'It was in October, 1G21, that Sir Francis Wyat arrived gov- ernor; and in November, Captain Newport arrived with fifty men imported at liis own charge, besides passengers, and made a plan- tation on Newport's News, naming it after Ij'mseJf.'^^ Here, then, the important fact is stated that Newport named the place after himself, that is, that is he gave it his own name; but the historian is silent about "News," which is certainly not a part of Nuport's name; and which, if spelt correctly, Avas manifestly designed to commemorate something/* [p. 5.] On the map of Virginia, pub- lished in the middle of the eighteenth century, by Professor Fry and Mr [Peter] Jefferson, the father of the President, the word is spelt News. . . . George Sandys appointed treasurer; and he is to put in execution all orders of court about staple commodi- ties; to whom is allotted fifteen hundred acres and fifty tenants; to the Marshal Sir William Newce the same ... As marshal of the Colony, he was bound to live at or near Newport's News; and as we know that he lived in Elizabeth City, the county in which the point is situated, it is probable that he located his fifteen hun- dred acres at or near that place" ^ He might not have thought it necessary. ^'Beverley; Stith; Keith and Oldmixcn refer to it. "' Beverley's History of Virginia. Richmond, 1855, p. 38. -" But it was not spelt Newce, Nuce, or Nuse. "Note by Mr. Deane: — "Sir William Neuce," and "Captain Thomas Neuce," are both named in 'An Ordinance . . . for a Council of State and General Assembly' for Virginia, July 24, 1621. (Stith, App., p. 32.) Sir William was made "Knight-Martial of Virginia" by the King, and came over in 1621; "but died," says Stith (p. 189) "two days after the reading of his Patent and Commission." Captain Thomas Neuce (or Newce, for Stith spells the name both ways), who was "Deputy and Superintendent of the Company's Lands, probably came over at the same time. He resided at Elizabeth City, and was regarded as a person 121 ". . . Beverley, who, though he did not liunself live with the contemporaries of Newport, had lived with some of those who had lived with those who knew him/' and has deliberately recorded the arrival of Newport, with his fifty men and passengers in 1621, his settlement at Newporf s News, and his naming the place after him- self, has fallen into some mistake ; that Newport never visited the Colony after his departure in 1611;"' and that the person who of the highest character for efficiency and benevolence. (Ibid., p. 236). In a letter from Virginia, dated April 3, 1623, he is said to be "lately dead"; and another letter, five days later, mentions that "Capt. Nuce died poor," and speaks of an "allowance" to his "widow and child." She was a woman highly commended for her "virtue and desert." Note by Mr. Deane: 'Sainsbury's Calendar of Colonial Papers, pp. 41-43. Stith. History of Virginia, p. 237.' Was not the Marshal bound to live at James Town, the seat of gov- ernment, rather than at Newport's News? Elizabeth City was the name given to the Indian town, Kicotan, in honour of Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia, daughter of .lames I. "^ 'Note by Mr. Deane, p. 11: Beverley was probably born between 1650 and 1660, say thirty-five yearg after the reported arrival of New- port [this was .Tohn Newport]' in 1621, and the naming of the settle- ment. He tells us his "first business in the world was among the records of his country," doubtless in his father's office, who was long the clerk of the House of Burgesses, and in the office of his brother Peter, who was also the clerk of the House, and finally the speaker; and his opportunities for knowing the manners, customs, and traditions of the Colony were most favourable. He died in 1716. -"Note by Mr. Deane, p. 12: John Chamberlain, Esq., writing from London to Sir Dudley Carlton, Dec. 18, 1611, says: 'Nevv^port, the Ad- miral of Virginia, is newly come home, and brings word of the arrival there of Sir Thomas Gates, and his company, but his lady died by the way in some part of the West Indies. He (that is Gates) hath sent his daughters back again, which I doubt not is a piece of prognostication that himself means not to tarry long. This is the latest authentic notice we remember to have seen of Captain Newport in connection with the Colony of Virginia. He subsequently entered into another service — that of the East India Company. In a letter from the Rev. Thomas Lorkin to Sir Thomas Puckering, Bart., dated London, July 21, 1614, the writer says: 'Captain Newport, who undertook the conduct of Sir Rob- ert Shirley into Persia, hath, under 'one and the self same labour, made the voyage of the East Indies, and is here within these three or four 122 really did come over with the fifty men and passengers in 1621, the very month of the arrival of Sir William ISTewce, was none other than the famous Daniel Gookin himself, who did settle at that time, as we know that he did, at or near Newport's Xews,*° and we readily see how the place might have received its name." [P. 11, 12.] Xote by Mr. Deane: — ". . . Newport and Captain Smith were hostile to each other; and Smith, in an official letter, treats New- port with great harshness. He writes: "The souldiers say many of your officers maintain their families out of that you sent us; and that Newport hath a hundred pounds a year for carrying newes (Smith, I, 202) ; that is, for making trouble between the settlers and the London Company. Newport could not [have] perpetuated, ten or twelve years after the date of the letter, and after Smith had left the Colon}^, an odious character of himself, drawn Ijy an opponent; and the magnanimity of Smith forbids the suspicion that he substituted the word Newes for Newce, in the spirit of hostility to an old enemy." Pp. 14, 15. In Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society. May, 1867. "Newport News, so called after Captain Christopher Newport, the commodore of the little fleet of three vessels, of the aggregate burden of one hundred and sixty tons, which brought over the adventurers, and '^returned to England with newes' 'the 15 of June, 1607, is the sister promontory to Jamestown.' " Harper's Maga- zine, May, 1857, p. 749. days safely arrived, having brought a rich lading home with him, though the chief commodity be pepper.' ("The Court and Times of James the First," London, 1S49, Vol. I, pp. 154, 338). The journal of this voyage of Newport may be seen in Purchas, I, 488. It is interest- ing to connect the name of the old Virginia Admiral with that of the celebrated Robert Shirley, or Sherley, whose history, with that of his two brothers, savors more of romance than of reality. (See Baker's Chronicle, London, 1670, p. 435. Retrospective Review, Vol. II, p. 351." ^ Gookin settled at "Mary's Mount," five or six miles above Newport's News, on the north bank of James River, between Watts's creek and Newport's News Point. Campbell. Hist, of Virginia, p. 164. 123 XXI. VIRGINIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. "Abstract of Virginia land patents. Maurice Thompson/^ of Elizabeth City, gentleman; who has remained in the colony four years, 150 aereas midway between 'Newport's News,"' and Blunt Point. 1624." Kiccouglitan, in the Corporation of Elizabeth City: "Edward Waters, of p]lizabcth City, Gent. ; 100 acres near Blunt Point on Waters Creek." . . . John Powell was a memlier of the House of Burgesses in September, 1632, for the district 'from Waters' Creeke** to Marie's Mount.' '"* "Chaplain's Choice" vras named after Isaac Chaplin; not ckap- lain. "Major Robert Beverley came to Virginia about 1663, Clerk of the House of Burgesses in 1670. Died about March 16, 1687. His sons were Peter, Robert, Harry, John, William, Thomas."^ . . . "Jordon's Journey, now Jordon's Point, was the residence of Sam- uel Jordan." "Causey's Care," now known as Cawson's, was the residence of Nathaniel Causey, who came in 1609.^' "Robert Beverley, the second son of Major Robert Beverley, the Clerk of the House of Burgesses, was clerk of King and Queen county in 1699-1702 ; member of the House of Burgesses for James- town 1699, 1700, 1702, 1706, &c.; presiding justice of King and Queen in 1718. Clerk of the Council in 1697, &c., he accompanied ^ This may have been the land allotted to William Newce, and given after his death in 1623 to Thompson. ^ It is uncertain whether this place was so called in memory of some particular occasion when news was received from Captain Christopher Newport, or whether merely in accordance with the fashion of allitera- tive names then in vogue, of which Jordan's Journey, Chaplin's Choice, and Pace's Paines are examples. Virginia Historical Magazine, Vol. vi, pp. 188-190. ^^ "Water's Creeke" is now called Watts's Creek. The names change from Walters. Watts, Waters. Bray B. Walters used to keep the "City Hotel" in Norfolk; he was always called Waters. ^ Virg. Hist. Mag., Vol. V, p. 92. »• Virg. Hist. Mag., Vol. II, pp. 405-413. *^Virg. Hist. Mag., Vol. II, p. 419. 124 Governor Spotswood to the mountains, | ITIUJ and was therefore one of the Knights of the Horseshoe. During a visit to London in 1703, the writing of a history of Virginia was suggested to him, and the first edition of his "History of tlie Present State of Vir- ginia" was published in London in 1705, and a second in 1733."*' An edition in French was published in Amsterdam in 1707. "Jos- eph Stratton, 500 acres at a place commonly called Nutmeg Quar- ter in the County of Denbigh, bounded on the south west by a piece of land that did belong to Captain Jolin Smith, and now in the tenure of Percivall Champion and John Slaughter and on the north west by the land of John Layton, said land being a dividend formerly belonging to Sir Francis Wyat, and now due to said Strat- ton by sale from Captain William Pierce, the attorney of Sir Francis Wyatt. By West July Sth, 1G35."" Joseph Stratton was Burgess for Nutmeg Quarter lG39-'30, and for "from W^aters' Creek to Marie's Mount," 1G33. "Sir Francis Wyatt was Governor of Virginia from November, 1631, to August 36, 1625; he was again Governor from November, 1639, till February, 161:1." "At a Court at James Citty, the 13th day of January, 1636, . . . "Gather the woemcn & children and unserviceable People and all their cattle to gether & by their best means to repairs to Mathewes ^lan- nor,*" where they shall receive further order. ... It is also thought fitt y't ye Comander uppon any suspect as aforesaid of a forreine enemy, doe cause all the boats and Shalops to be filled w'th such provisions as ye people have & to send them pr'sently up to New- ports Newes, where they may be ready uppon order given to run up to Matthewes Mannor, there to be disposed and ordered for their Safetye."" . . . "Shareholders in London Company. July 10, 1621. Mrs Newport. 35 shares."-^ "Daniel Gookin of Cargoline, Cork, Ireland, commenced a plan- tation in Virginia in 1631. ... Of Eipple Court, Kent, and with '« Virg. Hist. Mag., Vol. Ill, p. 170. ^Virg. Hist. Mag., Vol. Ill, p. 177. ■"' ? At Blunt Point. "Virg. Hist. Mag., Vol. IV, p. 26. "^Virg. Hist. Mag., Vol. IV, p. 30G. Colonial Papers, British Public Record Office, Vol. 2, No. 33. 125 his brother Sir Vincent Gookin settled in Ireland. He came to Virginia in Xov. 1623, with fifty men, well provided, and settled at a place called Mary's Mount, near Newport News."*' "George Sandys to John Ferrar, 1623, April 8, From Newports ISTewes. . . . Has sent a Copy of his letter by the Hopewell in reference to his debts."" Sale of Sir William Nuce's tobacco." *' ". . . Annexed to a list of Shareholders in Va. Comp., M'ch. 1616 to June, 1623. List of Seventy-two Patents granted to as many persons, all having partners whose names and shares "we do not know." ... 16 Sr W'm Newce. ... 68 Christo Newport.^^ "Origin of the Name of Newport News. The Chairman next introduced President Lyon G. Tyler, of AVilliam and Mary College, who read a valuable and interesting paper on the origin of the name Newport News. He gave a carefiil study of the matter and produced strong evidence to prove that Captain Christopher New- port had nothing to do with the name, but that it was originally New Port Nuce, the latter name being derived from Sir William and Captain Thomas Nuce, who were prominent settlers of the vicinity."*' ^^Virg. Hist. Mag., Vol. VI, p. 240. ** ? Sir William Newce's. ^Virg. Hist. Mag., Vol. VI, p. 241. ^"Virg. Hist. Mag., Vol. VI, p. 372. "' Virg. Hist. Mag., Vol. VIII, p. xi. William and Mary College Quar- terly, Vol. IX, No. 4, pp. 233-237. 126 XXII. WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY MAGAZINE. "[Among the Liidwell MSS. (Virginia Historical Society) is the following, endorsed 'Mr. Claybourne's Eeturn of Lands laid out 1625. No. 2. Claiborne's Eeturn of Public Lands that were after- wards Patented.' " Editor.] "The Corporation of Henrico. On the Xortherly side of James river from the failes (?) Town to Henrico containing 10 miles in Length are the Public Lands reserved and Laid out, whereof 16,000 Acres for the University I^ands, 3000 acres for the Company's lands, with other lands belonging to the Colledge, to comon lands for the Corporation fifteen hundred acres. The Corporation of Charles City. Laid out for the company below Sherley Hundred Island 3000 acres. The Territory of Great Weyonoke. Upon the Eastwardly Side of Chepokes Creek is appointed 500 acres belonging to the Treas- urer. By order of Court. John Martin 100 "j Copie. George Harrison 200 > By Pattents. Sam'll Each 100 J On the Northerly side is the Land belonging to Southampton Hundred containing 100,000 acres*' extending from Tanks Weyo- noke down to the mouth of Chickohominy river. The Corporation of James Citty. Adjoining the mouth of Chickahominy river there are 3000 acres Land Laid out for the Company 3000 Laid out for the place of the Governor planted in which are Some Small Parcells granted by Sr Thomas Dale & Sr Sam'll Argall planted — Acres Mr Eich'd Buche, 750 ] The Gleab Land, 100 | ^y Pattent. *^ Charles City County now contains 94,G99 acres in all. Auditor's Report, 1899. Table 28. 127 In the Island of James City are many parcells of Land granted by pattents and by order of Court. The Corporation of Elizabeth City. On the Eastwardly side of Southampton river there are three thousand acres belonging to the Company, at Elizabeth City Planted, and 1500 acres comon Land. This Extract of all titles and Estates of Land was sent home by Sr Francis Wyatt (when he returned for England) unto the Lords of his Maj'ties privy Council according with their order in their Letter dated at Salisbury. W'm. Claibourne. 1625. A True Copy extracted from other things of this kind being on record. Test: Drury Stith, Jun'r. Mem. : There are severall more parcels of Land by pattent to private persons in each corporation in ye originall, but the design of this copy being only to shew ye lands reserved for publick uses which are since all parcelled out and granted by pattents as other lands [except ye Gov'rs lands] they are omitted here.""" "In 1624 John Powell,™ of Newport's Kews, yeoman, "^an antient planter,' received a patent for 150 acres. In September, 1632, he was a burgess for the district from 'Water's Creek to Marie's Mount.''' "Newports ISTews. There is a grant dated April 20, 1GS5, to Hon. William Cole, Esq. [Secretary of the Colony of Virginia], for 1,431 acres, of which 1,217 was situated in Warwick county, and 216, the remainder, in Elizabeth City county, commonly called ISTewports News, 'according to the most ancient and lawful bounds, thereof, being all that can be found upon an exact survey of 2,500 acres, formerly granted to Daniel Gookin, Esq., except 250 acres, formerly conveyed and made over to the said Gookin.' And the said Daniel Gookin conve3^ed the aforesaid 1,431 acres to John Chandler, who sold the same to Captain Benedict Stafford, from *»W. & M. Quart. Mag., Vol. Ill, pp. 201-202. =° There are Powells still there. °^W. & M. Quart, Vol. VI, p. 130. 128 whom the said land was found to escheat by a jury April 3, 1684, and is since granted to Col. William Cole and Capt. Koger Jones, but now belongs to Col. William Cole, to whom Jones made over his part. About 1790 Newport's News was owned by Col. William Diggs, who was a descendant from Colonel Cole's daughter, Su- sannah, who married Dudley Digges. Newport's News is now by legislative act wholly in Warwick County.'"' ["There are two kinds of facts; facts of direct knowledge and facts of inference." L. G. Tyler, AY. & M. Quart., Vol. VII, p. 64.] "John Smith of Warwicksquicke, planter, 150 acres on the south- ward shore, over against Marie's Mound, near the mouth of Nanse- mond Eiver, and abutting to the eastward upon Cedar Island. Granted Aug. 26, 1636."'^ "Newport News. One account attributes the name to Sir Wil- liam Newce, and the other to Capt. Christopher Newport, the ad- miral of the little fleet which brought the first settlers to James- i'own. . . . Sir William Newce was an English soldier of large means.^ He served in Ireland at the siege of Kinsalc. . . . He was the first mayor of Banton in County Cork, and was the founder of Newce's Town, a port and suburb of Bandon, on the Bandon Eiver."^ In April, 1621, he offered to transport a thousand imigrants to Virginia, and his offer was accepted by the London Company, who, on May 2, 1621, chose him marshal of A^irginia, and on June 13, 1621, added him to the Virginia Council. He went over to Virginia with Sir Francis Wyatt, reaching there on October, 1621." "1621. He was granted 2,500 acres of land, but died two days "^'W. & M. Quart., Vol. VI, p. 257. ^ W. & M. Quart., Vol. VII, p. 228. ^ He seems to have been an early example of Irish "promoter." "= "Bandon, or Bandon bridge, an inland town and parliamentary bor- ough of Ireland, in the county of Cork, and twenty miles by rail from the county town, is situated on both sides of the River Bandon, which is here crossed by a bridge of six arches. Encyclop. Brit., New York, 1878, Vol. Ill, p. 311. 129 after his patent was read in council and before it could have been located."" "He was preceded to Virginia by his brother, Captain Thomas Newce, who in May IT, 1620, was, by the London Company, made Superintendent of the Company's lands and tenants, and given *600 acres at Kequotan, now called Elizabeth Cittie, 400 acres at Charles Cittie, 100 acres at Henrico, 100 acres at James Cittie/ He arrived in the winter of 1621, and was made a member of the council the following July. He died about the 1st of April, 1623, leaving a widow and child in Virginia. . . . On July 2, 1621, the company, at Daniel Gookin's request, granted him a particular patent, 'as large as that granted to Sir William ISFewce.' The Gov- ernor and council under date of January, 1622, thus noticed Gookin's arrival in Virginia : 'There arrived here about the 22d of November a shipp from^' Mr Gookin out of Ireland wholly upon his own adventure, without any relation at all to his contract with you in England, which was so well furnished with all sorts of pro- visions, as well as with cattle, as wee could wyshe all men would follow their example ; hee hath also brought with him about fifty men upon that adventure, besides some 30 passengers. We have according to their desire seated them at Newport's News,"'^' and we doe conceive great hope, yff the Irish Plantation prospers, y't from Ireland great multitudes of People will like to come hither." "In the General History of Virginia, edited by Capt. John Smith, occurs this reference : 'Nov. 22, 1621, arrived Master Gookin out of Ireland, with fifty men of his own, and thirty passengers exceedingly well furnished with all sorts of provisions and cattle, and planted himself at Newport-Newes.'"" "The census of Virginia, taken 1625, showed that Newport News was occupied solely by 'Daniel Gookin's muster.' There is a grant dated April 20, 1685, to Hon. William Cole, Esq., secretary of the ^ How could the place be named after Newce before his land was located? and it was not located at Newport's News. ^"Not with. ^* So the place had that name, at that time; and the record says they settled "above Newport's News." ^Capt. John Smith. Works, Arber's Edition, p. 235. 130 Colony of Virginia, for land partly in "Warwick county and partly in Elizabeth City county, 'commonly called Newport's News.' "... "The Newces and Gookin, all three in Virginia in November, 1621, came from County Cork, Ireland, where there was a Newce's Town, Therefore, in the spirit of alliteration which then prevailed, and which found expression in such places as Pace's Pains, Jordan's Jorney, etc., they called it New Port Newce. Dr. Alexander Brown says in his noble and interesting work. The First Eepublic in America, "I have always found the name spelled 'New Porte' in original documents, but in prints and copies it is sometimes spelled Newports; the last name, however, is spelled 'Newce,' 'Newse,' 'Nuce.'™ "Soon after the massacre [March 33, 1633], Governor Wyatt and his wife paid Gookin a visit at Newport News, and he [Gookin] returned to England in the ship which brought the news of the slaughter of more than three hundred of the English. It is prob- able that he did not return to Virginia, but carried on his planta- tion at Newport News through his son, Daniel Gookin, Jr. . . . As to the other theory of the origin of the name, I have never seen any contemporary authority for it. The most respectable, and, in fact, the only authority, is Pobert Beverley, who, however, wrote with anything but exactness, and was separated from the event of M^hich he wrote by three-quarters of a century."^ "In his history we read : 'It was October, 1631, that Sir Francis Wyatt arrived governor, and in November Capt. Newport arrived with fifty, im- ported at his own charge, besides passengers, and made a planta- tion at Newports News, naming it after himself.' What is to be said of this authority when it is learned that prior to September, 1617, more than four years before his reported settlement at New- port News, Capt. Newport had died at Java, thousands of miles distant from Newport News.""' "The language used by Beverley "" Newse, newes, is the old plural form of newe, and is constantly found in Hakluyt, and Purchas's voyages. "^ The nineteenth century writers are separated from the event by two hundred and seventy-five years. "-Captain Christopher Newport died at Java in September, 1617, his son John Newport, had thirty-two shares given him by the Virginia Company of London, and John must have made the settlement and not his dead father, Christopher. 131 shows that he mistook Newport for Gookin.*" In almost the same words Captain Smith describes Gookin's settlement at Newport News. He came in the same month, and brought fifty men besides passengers."" "There is no evidence that Capt. Newport ever owned land in Virginia."'*^ "He died, in fact, two years before any allotment of land took place. The Virginia Company gave the noble old sea-dog a bill of adventure for 400 pounds in consideration of his service, but it was not till November, 1619, that his son an heir, John Newport asked leave to lay out some part of the same in land. On July 10, 1621, the company further ordered that Sir Francis Wyatt should be entreated to set out for Mrs Newport 33 shares of land hereto- fore bestowed upon Capt. Christopher Newport, her late husband, deceased, in reward of his service, with the addition of three whole shares, for the persons of six men transported in her charge in the Jonathan in 1619, in any place not already disposed of, and that Captain Hamer should see it done. But it is not believed that even these orders were consumated. We have a list in 1626, of all lands granted out, and there is no mention of either Mrs Newport or her son.™ Their interest in Virginia was probably assigned to others. We have lists of all persons living in Virginia in 1624 and 1625, and neither Mrs Newport nor her son is mentioned among them." "Authorities: Brown. Genesis of the IJnited States. Brown, First Eepublic in America; Neill, London Company; Neill, Vir- ginia Vesusta; Neill, Virginia Carolorum; Conway, Abstract of *^Gookin settled above Newijort's News, near "Marie's Mount." If settled by Gookin, how did it get the name of Newport's News? There is no record of New Porte Gookin! ^ If settled by Gookin, how did it come to be named after Sir "William Newce? "^The record shows that Mrs. Newport had 32 shares of land given her that had been given to Captain Christopher Newport; with an addi- tion of three shares for six men transported at her charge. Record of the Virginia Co. of London, Vol. I, p. 509. John Newport had land given to him also. •"Brown says that John Newport had a patent; No. 68. 132 the Proceedings of the London Company; Calendar of State Pa- pers, Colonial, 1574-1660; Hotten, Lists of Emigrants in Vir- ginia; Virginia Land Grants MSS. ; Smith, General History; Rob- ert Beverley, History of Virginia." From an article by Lyon G. Tyler, in \V. & M. Quarterly, Vol. IX, pp. 233-237. It is possible that John Newport never was in Virginia, but that did not prevent a place being named after him, as there are so many cases to show: — Elizabeth City, Smith's Hundred, South- ampton Hundred, Henrico, and other places named after people who never came to Virginia. There is a county named after every royal governour, down to the time of the last royal governor, Dun- more; who having made himself so obejctionable that his county was changed to Shenandoah. It was named Dunmore in February, 1772, and changed to Shenandoah in October, 1777. 133 XXIII. HENING STATUTES. "In Nov. [1621] Daniel Gookin arrived from Ireland with fifty settlers under his control and thirty-six passengers, and planted himself in Elizabeth City County,"' at Mary's Mount, just above Newport News.""' In a note it is said that Gookin was a Burgess from Elizabeth City. There is no record of that. "Captain Daniel Coogan [Goo- kin] was a Burgess from Upper Norfolk, in the Assembly of Janu- ary 12, 1641."" This must have been Daniel the younger, as the elder Daniel Gookin went to England in 1622^, just after the Mas- sacre ; and was in New England in 1644. "1634, ' The colony was divided into eight shires : — These Shires were James City, Charles City, Elizabeth City, Warwick Eiver, AYarrosquoyoke, Charles Elver, and Accomack, which were to be governed like the shires in England. The lieutenants to be ap- pointed the same as in England ; that is, by the governor. The lieu- tenants were called colonels, and were usually members of the Council and their functions were magisterial as well as military. Original counties in Virginia, formed in 1634, viz. : James City Henrico, Charles City, AVarwdck Eiver (changed to Warwick in 1642-'43),"' Warrosquoyacke (changed to Isle of Wight in 1637), Charles Eiver (changed to York in 1642-'43), and Accomack (changed to Northampton in 1642-'43), but afterwards resumed its original name. Upper Norfolk changed to Nansimum." "Warwick County shall be bounded as followeth : from the mouth of Keth's creek [now Skiff's creek], vpp along the lower side of the head of it, including all the divident of Mr Thomas Harwood (provided it prejudice not the antient bounds of James Citty county, with Mulberry Island, Stanley Hundred, Warwick Eiver, with all the land belonging to the Mills, and so down to " There were no counties until 1634. •«Nar. & Crit. History of America, Vol. Ill, p. 145. •* Colonial Virginia Register, p. 61. '"' Hening. Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 224. 134 Newports Xews with the families of Sko wen's damms and Per- simon Ponds.^ The four boroughs of Virginia: Henrico; Charles City; James City; Kecaughtan. Land to Thomas Nuce, fiOO acres at Kecaugh- tan; 400 at Charles City; 100 at Jamestown, 100 at Henrico; 1200 in all." Scawen, Scowen, means the elder-tree. " Hening. Statutes, Vol. I, p. 250. The surname Scoioen is found in Pepys's Diary, Vol. VIII, p. 23. The names of two persons named Scowen are found in the London Post Oflace Directory for 1901. " Bruce. Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, p. 229. XXIV. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE— J. M. D. MEIKLE- JOHN— DERIVATION OF PORT. Port: — Is from the latin word portiis, and means a harbour; a haven ; also a town. The Romans held England from A. D., 43, to A. D., 410, nearly four hundred years, and left behind them when they were forced to go only six words ; most of which became merely the prefixes or suffixes of the names of places. These six words were Castra, a camp; Colonia, a settlement (generally of soldiers) ; Fossa, a trench; Portus, a harbour; Strata, a paved road; and Vallum, a rampart. As place-names there are Poi tsmouth ; Port- land; jSTewport; Eastport; Westport; Northport; Southport. The word is used in place-names in all the Eomance languages, coming from the latin; as, Porto Praya, Portuguese; Port-au-Prince, French ; Puerto Bello, Puerto Rico, Spanish ; Porto Vechio, Italian. The word was first used as a place-name, then persons took their names from places where they lived. There must have been an old port, that went before the new port. There is a good example in the neighborhood of Newport's News to show how names grow; that is. Old Point Comfort. When the expedition to Virginia, after their stormy passage, anchored at the mouth of the river they found it so pleasant they called it "point Comfort." Later in their explorations up the Chesapeake Bay they found a good anchorage at the point between Mob Jack Bay and the Chesapeake ; that they called new Point Comfort; finally to distinguish the two places it became necessary to call the first one old Point Com- fort, which name it has at this day. It is on the Map dated 1606, page 485, of Captain John Smith's Works, edited by Edward Arber, Birmingham, 1884. 136 XXV. GRIGSBY— HISTORICAL MAGAZINE, VOL. Ill, P. 347, 1859. "Newport's ISTews. My attention has been called to the true mode of spelling Newport's News. It is Newport-Newce : a union of the name of Captain Christopher Newport, the commander of two early expeditions to the colony, and of Sir William Newce, the ilar- shal of the colony. I give 3^ou an extract from the instructions to Gov. Wyat [Sir Francis Wyatt] in 1619 : 'George Sandis (the trans- lator of Ovid) is appointed Treasurer, and he is to put into execu- tion all orders of court about staple commodities; to the Marshal, Sir William Newce, the same. The name is evidently a com- pound of the names of the chief commander of the fleet and of the marshal of the colony, who, as a knight held a higher social rank than any other colonist, just as we say Hampden-Sidney, Randolph- Macon. In England there are a hundred such imions in every parish. As for the story of news brought from England, or about ships having been first seen off that point at a particular time, it is wholly without foundation. Moreover, our earliest maps retain the proper sound and nearly the true spelling in the word "Neuse," it being a very slight corruption of "Newce." As the true signifi- caney of the name gradually died away, then came imaginary no- tions of what the spelling ought to be, and we had "Noose" and "News." H. B. G. Historical Magazine, Vol. Ill, p. 347. 1859. "George Yeardley (1579-1627) sailed for Virginia as 'Captain of Sir Thomas Gates his company' in June, 1609 ; Avrecked on the Bermudas; arrived in Virginia in May, 1610; . . . chosen governor of Virginia for three years of the 18th of November, 1618; was knighted by the King 26 of November, 1618, sailed for A'irginia in January, and arrived April 19, 1619; . . . continued governor three years, to Nov. 18, 1621, when he was relieved by Sir Francis Wyat. ... on the 14 of March, 1626, Charles I commissioned Sir George Yeardley to be governor of Virginia; he entered into that of&ce in May, 1626, and continued to serve until his death, in No- vember, 1627. He married in Virginia, about 1618, Miss Tern- 137 perauce vvlio caiiie to Yirgiuia in tlu' Falcon in 1(509. He left a widow, at Jamestown, and three children, one danghter and two sons, born in Virginia.'" "Brown. Gen. U. S., Vol. II, p. 1065. 138 XXVI. MAPS— LETTER FROM COAST SURVEY OFFICE. The name "Newport Xews.'" witli various spellings, as given on several maps, is as follows : 160t) Smith's maj). Pernt Hope. (Probab)}' a misprint.) 1608 Same Poynt Hope. 1655 Nova Virginia} tabula Poynt Hope. (Repr. of Smith's map.) 1670 (pub. 1673) Herman's map of Va. & Md. Newportnews. 1751 (pub. 1755) Fry & Jefferson's map of Ya. Newports news. 1761 English pilot, pt. 4. Newportnes. 1777 North American pilot, pt. 2. Newport Newse. 1794 English pilot, pt. 4. Newports News. 1826 Boyes's map of Ya. Newport News. 139 XVII, REMARKS. As these extracts are taken from many sources there are repeti- tions of the same incidents, but not always in the same words. That serves to make the matters clearer as they are described by several persons, and from different points of view. On account of the number of writers, many of whom were never in the places they describe, but have taken their descriptions from the stories of others, or their written sketches, there is confusion of names of persons and places. There is also confusion of dates for the same reasons; and in addition some of the more modern writers have not a clear idea of the old-style and the new-style; and do not seem to know that the new-style was adopted in Eng- land, and necessarily in the Colonies, in 1752, when the year begins the first of January, instead of the 25 of March as in the old-style. And the efforts made by writers to be very exact lead to a mixing of dates. Spelling of words differ in the same line, as there was not a settled spelling; everybody spelled to suit himself, and according to what the sound seemed to him. There is the same uncertainty about the names of persons and places. Sometimes reference is made to these discrepencies in the notes, but often they are left without change. B. W. GREEN, Warwick County, Virginia. October 19, 1907. BIBLIOGRAPHY Beverley, Robert. The History of Virginia. London, 1722. Brown, Alexander. The Genesis of the United States. 2 vols. Boston, 1890. Brown, Alexander. The First Republic in America. Boston, 1898. Brown, Alexander. English Politics in Early Virginia History. Boston, 1901. Calendar of State Papers. Colonial Series, Vol. I, 1574-1660. London, 1860. Collections of the Virginia Historical Society. New Series, Vol. VII, Pro- ceedings of the Virginia Company of London. Richmond, 1888. Campbell, Charles. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Vir- ginia. Philadelphia, 1860. Dictionary of National Biograpliy. 68 vols., 4 vols, of Index and Supple- ment. London, 1885-1901. Dinwiddie Papers. Map. Virginia Historical Society. 2 vols. Rich- mond, 1883-1884. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 9th Edition, 25 vols. 1878. Fiske, John. Old Virginia and Her Neighbours. 2 vols., Boston, 1897. Goode, John. Recollections of a Lifetime. New York, 1906. Grigsby, Hugh Blair. Historical Magazine. Vol. Ill, p 347. 1859. Grigsby, Hugh Blair. Letter to Charles Deane, April 14, 1867. In Pro- ceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society. May, 1867. Harper's Magazine. May, 1859. Hening, William Waller. The Statutes at Large; being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature in the Year 1619. 13 vols. Richmond, 1809-1823. Hotten, John Camden. The Original Lists of Emigrants from 1600-1700. London, 1874. Keith, Sir William, Bart. The History of the British Plantations in Amer- ica, Part I, Virginia. London, 1738. King James I. A Counterblast to Tobacco. Imprinted at London by R, B. Anno, 1604. Lefroy, Major-General J. H. Memorials of the Bermudas, 2 vols. Lon- don, 1877-1879. Letter from Coast Survey Office. Washington, D. C. Maxwell, William. Virginia Historical Register. 6 vols. Richmond, 1848-1853. Meiklejohn, J. M. D. The English Language. New York, 1887. 142 Neill, H. D. "Virginia and Virginiaola. From Transactions of the Amer- ican Antiquarian Society. Vol. IV, 1861. Neill, Edward D. History of the Virginia Company of London. Albany, New York, 1869. Neill, Edward D. Virginia Vetusta, During the Reign of James the First. Albany, New York, 1885. Neill, Edward D. Virginia Carolorum. A. D. 1625-A. D. 1685. Albany, New York, 1886. Oldmixon, John. The British Empire in America. 2d ed., 2 vols, Lon- don, 1741. Purchas, Samuel, B. D. Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes. 20 vols. Glasgow, 1905-1^)07. Records of the Virginia Company of London. Edited by Susan Myra Kingsbury. 2 vols. Washington, D. C, Government Printing Office, 1906. Koyal Historical Manuscripts Commission. London, 1874 . Skeat, W. W. Place-Names of Hertfordshire. Hertford, 1904. Smith, Captain John. Works. Edited by Edward Arber. Birmingham, June 10, 1884. Stanard, William G. and Mary Newton Stanard. The Colonial Register of Virginia. Albany, New York, 1902. Stith, William, A. M. The History of the First Discovery and Settlement of Virginia. Williamsburg, 1747. Strachey, William, Gent. The Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britan- nia. Edited by R. H. Major, Esq. London, 1849. Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. Richmond, 1893-1907. William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine. Lyon G. Tyler. Williamsburg, 1892-1907. Winsor, Justin. Narrative and Critical History of America. 8 vols. Boston, 1889. LEhgrm How Newport^s News Got Its Name B. W. GREEN