iiiiw^^ E 207 .L2 L24 mm jiSfli !•■!«, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 0DDD35Sfl5EA (^ % iO'7^ ^-^^^ .**\c:^.% /.iSJ.u:'>o .**\c;^.\ /..^^j^."^ ^. 1.0 v*. "w* •^^= \^/ 'A\ "w" •^'. "-^/ s' .v^Pi-. "^_./ -*/5^:-. %.„/ .'^0i-- %,.*■* z,^-. Lafayette Day, September 6,1919 Call issued by the Lafayette Day National Committee and Report of the National Observance in the United States of the double anniversary September 6, 1918 of the Birth of Lafayette (1 757) and the Battle of the Marne (1914) This book contains the first pubHcation of the full text of the address dehvered by Theodore Roosevelt on Lafayette Day, 1918, (one of his last notable utterances dealing with Americanism and Peace) as also of the addresses deliv( red on the same occasion by His Excellency, the French Ambassador, Secretary Daniels, Count de Chanrbrun, Major-General Crozier (on the Battle of the Marne), M. Stephane Lauzanne, Hon. Alton B. Parker, Hon. John J. Bates, Mr. Justice de Courcy and M. Louis Mercier. Li. . 4 <3j < ^AAe< « LAFAYETTE DAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1919. ANNIVERSARY OF LAFAYETTE (1757) AND THE MARNE (1914). Call issued by the Lafayette Day National Committee In August, 191 5, this Committee upon its formation commended to the nation the opportunity to celebrate on September 6th of that year the anniversary of the birth of Lafayette in 1757 and that of the Battle of the Marne in 1914. On July 14th of each succeeding year since that first call, this Committee has renewed its appeal to the American people to honor the memory of one of the noblest heroes of the American Revolution, thanks to whose efforts France's sympathy for the cause of freedom was given effec- tive expression at the crucial period of the struggle for American Independence, and to commemorate the victory of the Marne in 1914 when world freedom was saved from a deadly peril. To these four successive calls the press and public have responded with ever increasing readiness and enthusiasm and, last year, the President of the United States att'ended 'the exercises of the double anniversary at the Lafayette Monument in Washington, while Col- onel Theodore Roosevelt, who joined in every call heretofore issued by this Committee, was its spokesman at the principal exercises held in the City Hall. New York; and simultaneously, in hundreds of cities, towns and villages throughout the land, the day was fittingly observed. The movement thus initiated and carried on represents possibly the earliest expression on a national scale of the hope of America, now happily fulfilled, that liberty and justice might triumph in the greatest of human struggles which with our co-operation has been l)rought to a victorious end. Wq gladly avail of this occasion to express publicly on our be- tialf and that of the numerous committees and' societies throughout the land which have co-operated with us deep appreciation of the action of the governors of the States of Tennessee, Nevada, Ohio, Massachusetts, Georgia and Indiana and of the Governor of Porto, Rico who, in response to our preceding call when brought to their attention by the American Defense Society issued special proclama- tions for the fitting observance of Lafayette Day in 1918. Our report for last year includes these proclamations and, showing as it does that the patriotic observance of the day has become truly national, we trust it may induce the governors of the same states to take similar action this year and that their example may be fol- lowed by their colleagues in the other states. Again issuing our call on July 14th, when France commemorates lier age-long struggles for liberty which eventually brought the whole civilized world to her support and its defense, we venture anew to remind our people that in honoring Lafayette upon his anniversary, made doubly memorable for all mankind by the Battle of the Marne. we shall be giving expression to the feeling of fraternal regard for our sister republic, our ally of old and of today, which exists among all elements of our people, and shall be celebrating with her the day which turned the tide of battle for freedom and the right, giving us time to organize our forces on land and sea and to provide the factor which proved decisive. Charles W. Eliot (Mass.) Henry Watterson (Ky.) Moorfield Storey " Charles J. Bonaparte (Md.) ♦Joseph H. Choate Caspar F. Goodrich (Conn.) Joseph H. Choate, Jr. (N.Y.) W. R. Hodges (Mo.) Henry van Dyke (N.J.) Charles P. Johnson « *Theodore Roosevelt (N.Y.) Judson Harmon (Ohio) Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. « Myron T. Herrick " George W. Wickersham « Charles Stewart Davison (N.Y.) Hon. Sec George Haven Putnam ton Seaman Mr..;. William G. Slade Mrs. George Wilson Smith Mi-s. Frai k A. Vanderlip Mr^. \\lut;i-'> Warren lO Officers and Special Committees of Lafayette Day Exercises held in New York /;/ coiiiuieiiioration of the double anniversary of the birth of Lafayette and the Battle of the Marne September 6th, ipiS. TllEODORE ROOSEVEf/r Honorary Prpsideiit CiiARi.Ks Stewart Davison" Honorary Secretary VUToi: J. Dowi.iXG Clidirmav VV. REnjioxn Cko^s Treasurer Maurke Leon, Uecurdiny Secretaiii 60 Wall Stieet, New York Fjank A. Vanderlip Honorary Chairmen Mauiice Leon Chairman EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Peter T. Barlow William A. Coffin William Curtis Deinorest Charles DeRliam Jul. !•;. Hedges J. Pierpont Morgan Carlisle Norwood Jolm Qitinii Charles Howlantl Russell (Jeorge T. Wilson RECEPTION COMMITTEE Frank A. Vanderlip, Honorary Chairman George T. Wilson, luce-Chairman August Belmont William A. Coffin E. Mora Davison William Curtis Dernorest Charles A. Downer Henry Russell Drowne Richard P. Enright J. Montgomery Hallowell A. Barton Hepburn Hon. Charles E. Huyhes Hon. John F. Hyhin Will H. Low Alexander T. Mason John G. ililburn J. P. Morgan Samuel H. Ordway Hon. Francis K. Pendleton ('harles Howland Russell William B. Van Ingen fJeorge W. Wickersham William G. Wilkox HaWii Stephen S. Wise IT I- wo CO t, 0-- bi*-' .5 c J3 O o '^ t- &£^ ^ o TO en -, ° s bu- u <5 rt Ll, 'E ij < bo-" u- H-1 i- 13 Report in extenso of the principal Lafayette Day Exercises Held at the Aldermanic Chamber, City Hall, Sew York September 6th, igiS. Present: Hon. Victor J. Dowling, Chairman; His Excellency, the French Ambassador, Chief guest of honor and Mme. Jusserand ; Colonel Theodore Roosevelt; John Jay Chapman, Esq., the officers and members of the Lafayette Day Citizens' Committee (see b'st at pp. TO and 1 1 ) and the following officially invited guests : France: Rear- Admiral Grout, Commanding Atlantic Division of the French Xavy; Capt. Loyer; Capt. de Rocquefeuil; Com- mander LeGall, chief of staff ; Lieut, de Mandat-Grancey, aide ; Lieut. Commander Rebel; Lieut, de Chevigne; General Vignal, Military Attache of the French Embassj'; ^Ir. Gaston Liebert, Consul General of France ; Mr. Henri Goiran, Consul of France ; Comptroller Johaimet of the French High Commission; Mr. Marcel Knecht; Mr. Daniel Elumenthal; Maitre Frederic Allain ; Mr. Andre Cheradame. Belgium: Major Osterreith of the Belgian Army. British Empire: .Sir Henrj' Babington Smith, Acting High Commissioner; Commodore L. Wells, R. X.; Brig. General L. R. Kenyon, C. B. ; }kIajor Xorman G. Thwaites, Geoffrey Butler, C. Qive Bayley, Consul General; Lieut. CoL G. Mait- land Edv/ards, Capt. B. S. Evans, R. X. ; Capt. Kenneth Hend- erson, R. X.; Major Eric Lankester, Capt: C. P. Metcalfe, R- N.; Lieut H. C. Treweets, R. X. Italy : General Emilio Guglielmotti, Militan.- Attache, and Capt. Vannutelli, Xaval Attache of the Italian Embassy ; Mr. Romolo Tritoni, Consul General of Italy ; Col. Bindo Binda, Lieutenants Tappi and Tantimorri, ^f r. Felice Ferrero. Japan: Capt. Yakura, Xaval Attache; Chonosuke Yada, Consul General ; Y. Hatada. Russia : Col. A. !M. Xikolaieff, and two aides ; Lieut. Commander G. P. Piotrovsky, Xaval Attache of the Russian E^.bassy; Lieut. Ccrannander M, Gardeneff, Michael Oustinoff, Consul General 15 Lafayette Day in Neiv York— Principal Exercises Czecho-Slovakia: Trof. T.J. Masaryk, General Stefamk, Capt Hurban, Poland: Ignace Paderewski ; T. M. Helinski; Dr. Sparzynski. Portugal: Alfredo de Mesquinth, Consul General. Haiti: Charles Moravia, Consul General. United States: Rrig.-Gen. Theodore A. Bingham, U. S. A., and Aide ; Rear- Admiral W. R. Usher, U. S. N., and Aide ; Rear- Admiral C. F. Goodrich. These guests were met at the Bar Association Building, West 44th Street, by the Reception Committee, which accompanied them to City Hall, attended by an escort of motor cycle police. The city was profusely decorated with flags, particularly along the route followed by the ]xarty. City Hall was suitably decorated for the occasion ; the decoration of the Aldermanic Chamber centered about Morse's portrait of Lafayette which had been placed over the plat- form. As the gnests entered the "'Marseillaise" was played. ADDRESS BY HON. VICTOR J. DOWLING (Chairman). Ladies and Gentlemen : It is my privilege as Chairman of the Lafayette Day Citizens' Coniuiittee of New York, to welcome this distinguished gathering, assembled to commemorate two events inseparably connected with the history of human liberty — the birth of Lafayette and the .first battle of the Marne. Sei)arated though these happenings were by more than a century and a half, they are logically connected, for the ardent and chivalrous love of freedom, which was the dominating force in the life of Lafayette, was the inspiration of French valor that made possible the first great overturn of the invaders at the Marne. Few are the names that thrill the hearts of men for more than n generation. Fewer still those that can wield a power beyond the confines of their native land. Yet here is one whose memory is 16 Address of Hon. Victor J. Dozding, Chairman revered uy two great republics, after the lapse of a century, and at whose grave in Paris today our military leaders voice the gratitude of millions across the ocean which he found so sure a pathway to glory. It is singularly appropriate that immortal fame should have come to one of the most unselfish figures in history. The youth who could say of the American Revolution, "At the first news of this quarrel, m}- heart was enrolled in it," soon proved the sincerity of his affection. He risked everj'thing in the cause, with all the ardor and the devotion which characterize a true Frenchman. His earnestness was irresistible and disarmed even the most suspiciou<:. but defeated his desire to serve as a volunteer without command and without pay. And so, a Major General at 19, he entered on the career which made him one of the last heirs of the ages of chivalry, and a new Chevalier Bayard, "sans peur et sans reproche." What a destiny was his, to see the birth of the new Republic of the West, to view the death of autocracy in France, to witness the end of the attempt at world domination by Napoleon, and as well to have been the belowed confidant of Washington and to live to receive the homage of the fast growing republic which he had done so much to aid. His patent to fame may rest securely upon the motive which impelled him to risk all for America — "This was the last struggle of liberty ; its defeat would have left it without a refuge and without a hope." And it was animated by that same spirit of Lafayette's devotion, that the heroic French soldiers, after sustaining burdens seemingly beyond human endurance, and when the breathless world dared hope for no more from them, stood at the word of command from the great leader, Marshal Joffre and then leaped forward and de- livered the blow for which they seemed to have gathered force from the soil of France itself, since mortal strength could do no more. But they knew it was not France alone that they were defending, nor even the homes and families so dear to their hearts. They were fighting for human liberty and human civilization, and with them fought the spirits of every hero who had drawn the sword to defend the right. What wonder that the exhausted but indomitable soldiers saw in the clouds above them, leading them into the fray, the vjsion of Jeanne d'Arc with glittering sword and shining armor, pointing the way into the heart of the foe? What wonder that 17 Lafayette Day in Nezv York — Principal Exercises others saw with equal clarity, St. Genevieve, who had intervened to save by her prayers her beloved city of Paris from the threatened assault of Attila and his earlier horde of Huns? With them went forth the hopes and prayers of every man and woman and child in the world who feared God and loved his neighbor. And where could the fate of civilization be more fitly determined than on the soil of France, already consecrated by the blood of those who had died to save it once before, when Charles Martel dealt the mortal blow to Saracen supremacy at Poitiers. But since we met a year ago to celebrate these glorious anni- versaries, history has been in the making. Where then wc were determined and hopeful, now we are confident and certain. The beast that has wallowed in the fairest fields of France is slov;ly drag- ging its wounded bulk back toward its lair, and while it still shov.'S its reddened tusks and gory lips, it is bleeding from every pore. Soon it will be surrounded by a ring of steel from which escape Vv'ill be impossible, and while its death struggle may be violent, its end is assured. What the invaded countries have suffered during the past year, no one can realize and I doubt if any one v^-ill ever dare to record. Attila boasted that no grass ever grew again on the spots where his horse had trod. The modern Huns have sought h\ insane fury to destroy the very ground itself. To destroy the homes of a people seemed commonplace to them ; they sought to annihilate everything that spoke of past or present glory. The shrines which the devotion of centuries had reared to God and which had since been the inspiration of every age and land, were no more sacred to them than those whose lives had been devoted to God's service. They destroyed everything of historic value that they could not carry away, and then they killed the fruit trees, as the last monument of their valor. And when they had disposed of evervthing living within their reach, they violated the sepulchres of the dead. As they are retreating now, in impotent rage they crush evervthing within reach, for they know that they are going, never to return. But above the ruined, shell torn, corpse-strewn fields of France, there is a halo wdiich never hovered there in her days of greatest glory, and for all time the soil of France will be sacred ground to every lover of human freedom. (Applause). The situation in wl-.ioh the Allied nations find themselves today i8 Address of Hon. Victor J. Dowling, Chairman is one to which each has contributed its share, nobly and unselfishly. What a glorious page in history will be written, when the full story ccmes to be told of the British Gran^ Fleet, that gallant, stalwart, heroic guardian of the seas, the skill and the dauntless courage of whose officers and men have caged the German navy in confessed impotency. Without that fleet, the transportation of reinforcements would have been impossible and the issue Vv'ould have been settled adversely long ago. And behold the "contemptible little army" now grown to such proportions that it seems the spontaneous growth of an aroused nation, rather than the heroes remaining after four years of titanic struggle. Belgium, one of the most pathetic figures in all history, is still undaunted and unconquered. Small though the part may be which still remains uninvaded, a Belgian army is in the field, steadily growing in numbers, holding its ovrn section of the com.mon line, and preserving the best traditions of the valorous "Lion of Flanders." Xot only has it been her mission to furnish one of the most heroic pictures in all history, but she has given to the world two great figures, typifying the spiritual courage which defies brute force, in King Albert and Cardinal Mercier. (Applause). Portugal has sent its full quota of gallant soldiers who have paid the price of freedom to the full. Japan has faithfully and loyally kept the faith (Applause), and her soldiers are fighting side by side with ours to save from itself that betrayed and helpless Russia, whose troops by their inroads into East Prussia, in the early stages of the War, kept busy many German divisions that otherwise would have been hurled against the W^estern line. And when has the v/orld ever witnessed a more inspiring spectacle than that of gallant Italy, aroused and irresistible, triumphantly indicating her title to her heritage of valor by the glorious victory of the Piave. (Applause). It is with reason that the United States will tomorrow launch a Q.ooo ton ship to be christened the "Piave," not only in recognition of that victory, but of the brilliant exploits of the Italian Navy as well. Greece, Serbia and all the other countries which are allied with us in the common c;^use. are enually bearing their share of the rom.mon burden. The call to arms for the preservation of human freedom has raised the hopes of all the oppressed throughout the world. New nations are in the making. Poles, Czecho-Slavs, Jugo- slavs — all find hope for escape from tyranny in the triumph of the 19 Lafayette Day in New York — Principal Exercises Allies and under their own banners they are fighting to earn that national independence which they have proven their worthiness to attain. The hopes of mankind are centered on a victory so decisive that there will be no disposition left to contest, at a peace confer- ence, the grant to every oppressed pople of the fullest possible meas- ure of freedom, in order that whatever is settled then may be settled rightly, and for all time. And of course that includes the restora- tion to France of Alsace-Lorraine (Applause), whose people not only are determined to be re-united to the motherland, but have proven it by the numbers of their sons who have distinguished themselves among the bravest of the French fighting forces. One hundred and seventy-one of its generals came from these provinces, for whose annexation to Germany there is not the slight- est excuse save the German desire to exploit their natural resources — particularly coal, iron and potash — in the struggle to subdue the rest of the world ; which is very good reason why their opportunity so to do should be ended forever. We in America have special cause to be proud of the contribu- tion we have made and shall make to the Allied cause. It is not merely because of the 1,600,000 men we have been able to send abroad, but chiefly by reason of the indomitable pluck, the reckless daring, the steadfast courage, which have marked their career thus far. Who has read unmoved the account of the combined opera- tions of the Marines and of the New England and Rainbow divi- sions in the earlier days of the second Marne victory? I have been told of one instance in July of this year, when the Prussian Guards were given orders to carry at all costs a section of trenches held by a battalion of a certain New York regiment which is giving fresh demonstration of the old friendship between France and Ireland. Nine successive times the Guards advanced in force against this unit, each time being repulsed, and after the ninth assault the Amer- ican boys went "over the top" and routed the Guards with the cold steel, over 700 of their number lying dead or seriously wounded on the field. The refusal of a commanding General to order his men to retreat will find a place in our annals with the reply which John Paul Jones made to the demand for the surrender of his almost dis- mantled ship, "I have not yet begun to fight." One of the most heartening things which the past year has 20 Address of Hon. Victor J. Dowling, Chairman brought about has been complete unity among the Allied nations. X'ot only unity of command, but unity of purpose, of aim, and of effort. If to this is added real unity of resources, now on the way to accomplishment, the ideal will have been realized. There is not a sign of dissension or mistrust among the Allies. Labor has done its full duty, while women have done wonders, alike in the industrial and the welfare field. Money has been ungrudgingly given, both for governmental and war service purposes. A united nation has given its best to the greatest of all causes. Truly has President Wilson said that this is a "war of emancipation" and that "we solemnly pur- pose a decisive victory of arms." Nothing short of that can end the constant menace to human rights from Prussian militarism, nor compel Germany to realize that the rules of morality apply to the relations between nations as well as between individuals. How the lesson can best be brought home to her, the future must unfold. Whether it is to be by indemnities for some of the wrongs she has committed; whether it is to be by international disarmament; or whether she shall be punished by industrial and commercial ostra- cism for a period proportioned to the duration of war; — all these things are still in the future. The German people have willingly lent themselves to this sordid scheme of aggression. They should be made in some way to pay a price which will deprive them — and every other people — of all desire to engage in any future adventure in international piracy. A.t the present moment, so favorable is the prospect that there is but one thing to fear, and that is over-confidence. The foe is watchful, acute and vindictive. He is still too strong to be held cheaply, nor can our vigilance relax for a moment. It would be a calamity were we to slow up our preparations or curtail our efforts in the mistaken idea that the war is now won. Glaring headlines do not capture towns, nor do extravagant claims win battles. As long as there is an Allied soldier left in the field, let us support the cause with every bit of energ\' and every element of force that we possess. The victorious end is crtain : let us help to hasten its arrival. It is a great joy to Americans that we are at last able to repay our debt to France. Her influence was felt in the discovery, explora- tion, colonization and civili^at^on of many sections of our country. 21 Lafayette Day in Nc'i.u York — Princil-al Exercises Her aid was vital in the achievement of our independence. Our historical association with Germany is mainly that of the Hessians whose services a German princeling sold to help to defeat us — a memory which not even a few isolated, patriotic figures of similar blood can efface. That sale was in line with German tradition, for there is now existent today a single nation whose freedom Germany has helped to win. With the France of yesterday and today, we are bound by memories of Lafayette, Rochambeau, De Grasse and d'Estaing. (Applause). It was on the prophetically named "La Victoire" — an auspicious omen — that Lafayette arrived in America. It is an equally happy omen that American arms have helped to carry victory to France in the second battle of the Marne. The union between these two great republics is now closer and more tender than ever, for our hearts shall ever deem that a second moth- erland under whose sod, stained with their heart's blood, so many of our noble boys have found a resting place. For all time, we shall venerate as shrines those places which the gallantry of our soldiers has made sacred to us. Fresh landmarks for freedom are being blazed every day. Grateful France is affixing American names to many and widely scattered public monum.ents. Grateful America within a few days will launch the "Marne" at the Kearney shipyards, and when that vessel has taken the water, a new super- dreadnaught will be on the ways, to be christened the "Lafayette,"' both to be sponsored by the gracious wife of the distinguished French Ambassador. Thus shall again be demonstrated the at- tachment of these two countries to each other and to the cause of human freedom. The noble self-eflFacement of Lafayette, in his proffer of his services to Washington, has found a parallel in Gen- eral Pershing's tender of his entire army for the disposal of General Foch. (Applause). The generous, sincere and devoted comrade- ship in a great cause which ensured immortality for the names of Washington and Lafayette is evident today in the loyal cooperation of Foch and Haig and Diaz and Pershing, as well as of all their efficient commanders. May that spirit soon win its reward in the complete triumph of the cause of justice, liberty and civilization. And when that day arrives, resplendent on the rolls on which a grateful world wdll record in letters of gold the debt it owes the heroes of the two great battles of the Marne. will appear a fresh 22 Reading of Messages by Mr. Leon tribute to the memory of the chivalrous Lafayette, whose spirit animated every participant in those decisive struggles. (Great ap- plause). The Chairman : Mr. Maurice Leon, Chairman of the Committee in charge of the celebration of the anniversary, will novv^ read several messages : Reading of Messages by Maurice Leon. The first message is from Raymond Poincare, President of the French Republic: (Applause.) "The French people, which feels itself, day by day, more closely united to the American people, is deeply touched by and grateful for the warm feeling once again shown by the citizens of the United States in honoring the double anni- versary of the birth of Lafayette and the victory on the Marne. "Tile celebration of these two events has now the gran- deur and the lustre of an historical symbol. "On the Marne France defended not only her own threatened libert}'-, but the injured rights of mankind itself. She has acted as the vanguard of the nations whom enemy imperialism had dreamed of subjugating. She gave the world time to prepare itself for the necessary struggle and thus saved it from slavery. "It was for liberty, too, that Lafayette fought by the side of Washington. The names of these two brothers in arms are inseparable, as are forever inseparable the hearts of America and of France. "If America has not forgotten Lafayette, if she has not forgotten Rochambeau, De Grasse, La Luzerne, and so many Frenchmen who had the proud joy of fighting for her at the dawn of her independence, how could France ever forget the wonderful influence that so many American soldiers bring her now? Every day I am witness of their magnificent ardor, of their courage and of their enthusiasm for the com- mon cause. "In the name of France, I send America a message of fidelity, afifection and admiration." (Signed) Raymond Poincare." (Applause). The second message is from Marshal Joft're: (Applause.) "At the hour when you are celebrating at the same time 23 Lafayette Day in New York — Principal Exercises the anniversary of the Battle of the Marne and that of the birth of Lafayette I join myself whole heartedly with you, happy to be able to applaud on this great day the first suc- cesses of the American Army upon the soil of France." (Signed) "J- Joffre." (Applause). The next message is from Marshal Foch: (Applause.) "It is in perfect communion of sentiment that I am with you today in the celebration of 'Lafayette Day.' Once more the union of our peoples will make our strength; the valor of the American soldiers testifies to it. "Those who fall die as brave men before God. If their eyes could open they would see the blue sky." (Signed) "Focn." (Applause). The next message is from General Pershing: (Applause.) "On this fourth anniversary of the great battle all people who love liberty and hate oppression unite in admiration and gratitude to those gallant soldiers of the French and British armies whose heroic acts turned back the advancing hordes of the enemy and made possible the progress of allied armies now gloriously advancing toward the final victory that will save the civilization of the world to future generations. It is with deep emotion that today we of the American Expedi- tionary Forces offer our homage to those brave men, both the living and the dead, and again confirm our devotion to their cause and again declare it to be our fixed purpose that their sacrifice shall not have been in vairi." (Signed) "Pp:rshing." (Applause). The next message is from Admiral Sims: (Applause.) "Today we rejoice in the celebration of two momentous events in our world's history, the birth of General Lafayette, September 6, 1757, and the fourth anniversary of the Battle of the Marne, which was so brilliantly fought September 6, 1914. Those two events have not only co-related us to date, but more so in the effect upon the happiness of our two great countries, "General Lafayette, true general and talented officer, through the ceaseless vigil at N^alley Forge and the trying times to come, lent his priceless energy and ability without stint and from those beginnings have sprung our great de- mocracy, whose might, desire and willingness are today di- 24 Reading of Messages by Mr. Leon rected toward securing for France the return of these same blessings. "Had not the victorious Battle of the Marne been fought no one can say to what extent we could have succored or aided France, but because it was a victory, because it stopped, then turned back, the invading hordes, we today are able to take our part. "Let us not forget that debt of gratitude which we owe France nor falter in our deLermination to assure to her the return of her territory and the outlook of continuing and prosperous peace. "While the world has France, the world will have liberty." (Signed) Sims." (Applause). The next message is from Ambassador Sharp, our Ambassador to France, who was our guest at the celebration held in 1916: The incomparable courage and genius of the French Arm.y v/as never more splendid than during these momentous days. We have added new lustre to the immortal fame of the battlefields of the Marne. A ruthless foe has made his last advance, and, except the wanton destruction in his retreat, has burned and plundered his last village on French soil. From today all his steps, recently so accelerated by the helj; of the gallant British troops and our own brave Americaii boys, will be directed toward the Fatherland. The great • generals of the allied armies have so decreed, and their de- cision is inexorable." (Signed) Sharp." (Applause). The following m.essage was received from Sir David Beatty, Admiral of the British Grand Fleet, too late to be read; the an- nouncement that it was on the way was greated with applause : "Grand Fleet desires you to express its pride and satis- faction at being so closely associated with American Fleet whose officers and men are bound to us by ties of closest comradeship. They typify spirit in which American nation has rallied to the cause of right and justice. Our union is a happy augury for peace of world." (Signed) "Beatty." The Chairman : Among the spiritual and literary products of this war, nothing so far has been more striking than the number of 25- Lafayette Day in New York — Principal Exercises very beautiful poems to which this struggle has given rise. The poets hav^e done their full duty in the Avar by services as well as with their pens, from the days of Rupert Brooke down to the latest loss v/hich literature has sustained in the death of Sergeant Joyce Kilmer, of the 165th United States Infantry. The Committee upon this occa- sion have been able to obtain for you a distinguished writer and loyal American, who has made the great sacrifice of his heart's blood for his country, — Mr. John Jay Chapman. (Applause). Mr. John J. Chapman. Again we gather here, Beneath the aegis of a sacred name, To hold our feast, and with our altar-flame Signal the passage of the furtive year. Alas, how small our gifts, how light appear Our vows, our songs, the words that we declaim ! While o'er the tortured nations from afar Rolls the hot breath of universal war. Yet must I speak : Again we dedicate Ourselves, our children and our country's fame To Her from whom our earliest welcome came. Once more — but now in arms — we kneel, Like Joan of Arc in shining steel A Sword to consecrate. To France, and to the Cause that makes her great ! And even while we hold our holiday, The Allied ranks in fierce array Press on the foe, like huntsmen on the prey. The Wild Boar of the North is brought to bay ! Hark, did you hear the triumph in the air? Horns and halloos — a universal shout. The hunters have him ; he has turned about ; The Teuton beast is lurching towards his laii The boar is sorely wounded ; but beware ! Strike, when you strike, to kill ! For in his eye Cunning and Hatred shine, a ghastly pair. Which of these passions is the last to clie. When both are linked together by despair? 'Tis not alone the havoc ; but his breath Spreads desecration o'er mankind. 26 Poem by Mr. John J. Chaptnan Address by Col. Theodore Roosevelt Eev/are lest in his gasp of death The German leave behind A sting to hurt the heart of man Worse than his living fury can — The poison of his mind. (Applause). When shall the shepherd sup in peace once more, Or tend his trellis unafraid While children play about the farmhouse door, Or cows at even' watch the river Beneath the elm-tree's shade? Is heart's ease gone forever? Must there be newer anguish, endless strife? Ah, huntsman draw thy knife To kill the creature at the core ! Plunge thy bright tnmcheon and restore The bloom to human life. (/\pplause). The Chatrmak: On anv occasion which the speaker who is about to address you has honored by his presence, it has become of international importance. It is particularly fortU!:!ate for us all that the Committee has been able to secure his presence, and he has promised to speak at a time when conditions are such that construc- tive statesmanship and a clear prophetic vision of the future are necessary for the complete accomplishment of our aims. An ideal American, as he is in word and action, he has been able to com- municate those same sentiments to the m.embers of his family, and we deem him and his sons the picture of devotion and patriotic ardor that is offered, such as few families have had the opportunity of presenting at any time for the admiration of the world. I pre- sent to you, as the speaker of the day. Col. Theodore Roosevelt. (Applause). Address by Col. Theodore Roosevelt. Mr. Chairman, Mr. Ambassador, guests from the Allied nations to whom we owe so much, and you, men and women of New York, mv fellow citizens : I felt a great privilege as well as a duty in accepting the invitation to speak here today, especially, Mr. Chair- man, when I knew that you were to be the Chairman. (Applause.) 27 Lafayette Day in New Y.ork — Principal Exercises For I wish to take this opportunity of saying that from the outset of the great war you have never faltered in your conviction as to where the right stood and as to the duty of this nation. (Applause.) I am about to say that after listening to your remarks I really might just as well tear up my speech and say ditto in just a word. Of course, Lafayette Day commemorates the services rendered to America in the Revolution by France. (Applause.) I wish to insist with all possible emphasis that in the present war France, England, Italy, all the Allies, have rendered us similar services. The French at the Battle of the Marne four years ago, and at Ver- dun, and the British at Ypres, in short the French, the English, the Italians, the Belgians, the Serbians — all the Allies were fighting our battles exactly as much as they were fighting their own. (Applause. ) Our army on the other side is now repaying in part our debt, and next year, we have every reason to hope, and we must insist that the fighting army in France from the United States shall surpas.s in numbers the fighting army in France of either France or Britain. I hope they may smash the Hun as hard. It is now time, and it has long been time, for America to bear her full share cf the common burden, the burden borne by all the Allies in the great fight for Liberty and for Justice. (Applause). We must win this war as speedily as possible. But we must set ourselves to fight it through no matter how long it takes (Ap- plause), with the resolute purpose and determination to accept no peace until, no matter at what cost, we win the peace of over- whelming victory. (Applause.) Let me make an interpolation. I every now and then meet one of those nice gentry in whom softness of heart has spread to the head, who say, "How can we guarantee that everybody will love one another at the end of the war?" The first step in guaranteeing it is to knock Germany out — that will guarantee it. (Applause). The peace that we win must guarantee full reparation as you have said, Mr. Chairman, for the awful cost of life and treasure which the Prussianized Germany of the Hohenzollerns has inflicted on the entire world ; and this reparation must take the form of action that will render it impossible for Germany to repeat her collossal wrong- doing. Germany has been able to wage this fight for world domination 28 Address by Col. Theodore Roosevelt because she has subdued to her purpose her vassal allies, Austria, Turkey and Bulgaria. Serbia and Roumania must have restored to them what Bulgaria has taken from them. (Applause.) The Aus- trian and Turkish Empires must both be broken up, all the subject peoples liberated and the Turk driven from Europe. (Applause). We do not intend that German or Magyar should be wronged by others or oppressed by others, but neither do we intend that they shall oppress and domineer over others. France, as you have said, Mr. Chairman, must receive back Alsace and Lorraine. (Great ap- plause.) We cannot go into any peace conference where everybody did not accept that before we entered it. Belgium must be restored and indemnified. (Applause.) Italian Austria must be restored to Italy, and Roumanian Hungary to Roumania. The heroic Czecho- slovaks must be made into an independent commonwealth, and the southern Slavs must be united in a great Jugo-Slav commonwealth. Poland as a genuinely independent commonwealth must receive back Austrian and Prussian Poland, as well as Russian Poland, and have her coast-line on the Baltic. Lithuania, Livonia and Finland and the Baltic Provinces must be guaranteed their freedom and inde- pendence, and when I speak of independence, I mean independence of Germany as well as of Russia, and no part of the ancient Empire of Russia must be left under the German yoke, or subject in any way to German influence, even the slightest. Northern Schlesv.-ig should go back to the Danes. Britain and Japan should keep the colonies they have conquered. Armenia must be free. Palestine made a Jewish state and the Syrian Christians liberated. It is sometim.es announced that part of the peace agreement must be a League of Nations which will avert all war for the future and put a stop to the need of this nation preparing its own strength for its own defense. Many of the adherents of this idea grandilo- quently assert that they intend to supplant nationalism by inter- nationalism. In deciding upon proposals of this nature it behooves our people to remember that competitive rhetoric is a poor substitute for the habit of resolutely looking facts in the face. Patriotism stands in national matters as love of family does in private life. (Applause). Nationalism corresponds to the love a man bears for his wife and children. Internationalism corresponds to the feeling he has for 29 Lafayette Day in New York — Principal Exercises his neighbors generally. The sound nationalist is the only type of really helpful internationalist (Applause), precisely as in private relations it is the man who is most devoted to his own wife and children who is apt in the long run to be the most satisfactory neighbor. (Applause). If 1 met a new neighbor and he told me he loved me as much as he did his own family, I'd watch him. (Laughter). To substitute internationalism for nationalism m.eans to do away with patriotism, and is as vicious and as profoundly demoralizing as to put promiscuous devotion to all other persons in the place of steadfast devotion to a man's own family. Either effort means the atrophy of robust morality. The men in this coun- try who have stood the staunchest for the performance of inter- national duty are the men who have most keenly felt nationalism and Americanism in their blood, in their veins. (Applause). The man who loves another nation as much as he loves his own, un- pleasantly resembles the over-affectionate individual who loves other women as much as his own wife. (Laughter.) The man who prac- tices either is just as worthless a creature as the other and the pro- fessional pacifist is as undesirable a citizen as the professional inter- nationalist. The American pacifist has in the actual fact shown himself to be the tool and ally of the German militarist. (Applause.) They were screeching for peace three years ago and telling us that we must not prepare, because preparation invited war, and they were playing the game of the alien militarist — were playing the game of the men who by force of arms intended to win dominion over all the peace-loving nations of mankind. (Applause). The profes- sional internationalist is a man who under a pretense of diffuse at- tachment for everybody hides the fact that in reality he is incapable of doing his duty by anybody. We Americans should abhor all wrongdoing to other nations. W^e ought always to act fairly and generously by other nations. We ought always to act fairly and generously by all other nations, and in inter- national matters I hold that we should have the same standard of morality that we have in private matter^. But we must remember that our first duty is to be loyal and patriotic citizens of our own iVation, of America. These two facts should always be in our minds in dealing with any propf^sal for a League of Nations. Ky all means let us be loyal to great ideals. But let us remember that unless we 30 Address by Col. Theodore Roosevelt show common sense in action, loyalty in speech will amoimt to con- siderably less than nothing. Test the proposed future League of Nations so far as concerns proposals to disarm and to trust to anything except our own strength for our own defense, by what the nations are actually do- ing at the present time. Any such League would have to depend for its success upon the adhesion of nine nations which are actually or potentially the most powerful military nations : and these nine nations include Germany, Austria, Turkey and Russia. The first three have recently and repeatedly violated, and are now actively and continuously violating not only every treaty but every rule of civilized warfare and of international good faith. Russia played a heroic part for the first three 3'ears of the war (during the fi.rst two and a half years her conduct was in shining contrast to ours). But during the last year Russia, under the domin- ion of the Bolshevists, has betrayed her iVllies, has become the tool of the German autocracy, and has shown such utter disregard of her national honor and plighted word and her international duties that she is novv' in external afifairs the passive tool and ally of her brutal conqueror, Germany. (Applause.) Germany stands among nations as a man-eating wild beast stands, and Russia as an infectious plague, ^^'hat earthly use is it to pretend that the safety of the world would be secured by a ]-eague in which these four nations under the Hohenzollerns and the Hapsburgs, under the Sultan and the Bolshevists would be among the nine leading partners? Long years must pass before we can again trust any promises these four nations make. As regards tv/o of them I hope they won't be there to make any promise. I hope Germany will be in such a condition that we won't care whether it makes a promise or not. (Laughter). A^ny treaty of any kind or sort v>rhich we make wnth them should be made with the full understanding that they v/ill cynically repudiate it when- ever they think it is to their interest to do so. Therefore, unless our folly is such that it v/ill not depart from us until we are brayed in a mortar, let us remember that any such treaty will be worthless unless our own prepared strensrth renders it unsafe to break it. After this war the wrongdoers will be so punished and ex- hausted that they m.ay for a number of years Vvish to keep the peace. 31 Lafayette Day in Nezv York — Principal Exercises But the surest way to make them keep the peace in the future is to punish them heavily now. And don't forget that China is now use- less as a prop to a League of Peace simply because she lacks effec- tive military strength for her own defense. Again I wish to make an interpolation. If we had not gone into this war, when the war ended we would have been as helpless as jellytish before even the weakest of the combatant powers, and we would have lost our own self-respect and the respect of every other nation, great or small. That would have been the penalty we would have paid. Thank heavens we went in in time, quite near the elev- enth hour, but it was not the twelfth. (Applause). The one sure way to make these wrongdoers desirous of keeping the peace in the future is to punish them heavily now for having broken in. (Ap- plause.) Look across the Pacific ! China is not an aggressive power, she is disarmed, and she is not a valuable prop to a League of Nations. Xo nation can help another unless it can help itself. If France had been disarmed and helpless when Germany treated the treaties that protected Belgium as scraps of paper — if France had been dis- armed and helpless, if she would have listened to the teachings of the pacifists and internationalists, we in this Chamber now would hold this meeting only if men in spiked helmets permitted us to do so. Let us support any reasonable plan, whether in the form of a League of Nations or in any other shape, which bids fair to lessen the probable number of future wars and to limit their scope. But let us laugh out of court any assertion that any such plan will guarantee peace and safety to the foolish, weak or timid creatures who have not the will and the power to prepare for their own de- fense. Support any such plan which is honest and reasonable. But support it as an addition to. and never as a substitute for, the policy of preparing our own strength for our own defense. To follow any other course would turn this country into the China of the Occident. We cannot guarantee for ourselves or our children peace without efifort or safety without service and sacrifice. We must prepare both our souls and our bodies, in virile fashion, alike to secure justice for ourselves and to do justice to others. Only thus can we secure our own national self-respect. Only thus can we 32 Address by Col. Theodore Roosevelt secure the respect of other nations and the power to aid them when they seek to do well. In sum then I shall be delighted to support the movement for a League to enforce Peace, or for a League of Nations, if it is developed as a supplement to and not a substitute for the prepara- tion of our own strength, and the cultivation of the intense Ameri- canism which will make us able to use that strength for ourselves and for the well behaved peoples of. the world. (Applause.) And I hold it, the duty of self-defense is a duty that no man ought to be permitted to shirk. If a man is too conscientious to fight for the country, he is too conscientious to see any good in the country. (Applause.) Therefore, let us base the defense, the defense of this nation, not on a small professional class of men trained to fight while the rest of the people are taught to think of money getting as their only serious pursuit, and sentimentality as a form of indulgence to offset the material aid of the others ; let us introduce the principle of universal military training and universal service in this country (Ap- plause) — the principle as practised in Switzerland, modified of course both along the lines indicated in Australia, and in accordance with our own needs. Let us accept the theory that a democracy can only be justified if exactly as each man receives certain privileges, so he pays for them by the performance of certain essential and vital duties. Let us cultivate our moral sense, so that we shall abhor doing any international wrong, exactly as an honorable private man, no matter hoAV strong, abhors the thought of wronging another man in private life. But let us prepare our strength so that never again shall we have to sit by and see the rights of mankind jeopardized b^- brutal wrongdoers and saved by the valor of other nations to whose strength and to whose aid we only came after the loss in blood had been such as never before in the history of the world had ever been seen in anv war. (Applause.) There will be no taint of Prussian militarism in such a system. It will merely mean the acceptance by democracy of the principle that it must possess the ability to fight for self-defense so as to secure the continuance of liberty, of law and of order within its own limits, and so far as it can, to extend to other nations the rights that it has itself. We come here today to celebrate the Pjirthday of Lafayette. 33 Lafayette Day in New York — Principal Exercises He did not come here w ith an olive branch ; he came with a sv/ord. Vv''e come here today to celebrate the fourth anniversary of the Battle of the Marne. A distinguished Bishop, an American Bishop, was quoted not \'ery many months ago — I trust wrongly — as saying that the way to avoid a war was not to fight. If four years ago at the Marne the soldiers of Joffre had acted on that principle, the whole v;orId would have been under Prussian thraldom at this moment. Let us set our faces toward justice; let us prize peace as the hand- maiden of justice; let us stand for right within our own borders; let us recognize our duty to make the world a little better place for all liberty-loving and well-behaving nations in the future ; and let us remember that today we must show ourselves to possess both strength and courage, and that is the strength which is effective, the courage which makes itself felt, which are evidenced by the cocl, far-sighted and resolute purpose of a free people to prepare in ad- vance its own strength for its own self-defense and for the cause of justice among the peoples of mankind. (Prolonged applause.) The Chairman : It was one of the fortunate episodes of the Revolutionary War that this struggling Republic was represented at the court of France by one who was not merely a lover of his kind, but a great literary genius and philosopher, and one as v/ell whose knowledge of human natiire, whose suavity of manner and force of character did so much for the early recognition of the rights of the Colonies and the grant of aid to them. It was said of Benjamin Franklin while representing America at the French Court that he was worth to the Colonies more than an army in the field. It has been the great good fortune of the French Republic to have been represented during these critical four years by one who was not merely a trained diplomat but a man of the highest literary gifts, which had led him to an appreciation, not only of the beauties of the writings of England but of the character of her people and rulers besides. The revelations of the past year have given us a clearer idea of the difficulties with whirh he struggled and which must have made his lot at times hard indeed, but he bore these plots and coun- terplots from the outset without a word of complaint. Courteous, dignified, suave, respectful, he has given us during these trying days, both before and after the entry of this nation into the war, the 34 speech of the French Ambassador greatest possible example of what skilled and honest diplomacy can do for the interests of a free people. I take pleasure in presenting the chief guest of the Lafay- ette Day National Committee, his Excellency, the French Ambassa- dor. (Applause). SPEECH OF THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR When more than a century and a half ago, that event took place which we are commemorating today, the name of Lafayette was only known in the world of letters, to the select few who had been able to enjoy a brief novel of 2CO pages, "La Princesse de Cleves," written by one who bore that name only through marriage. The name is now of world-wide renown, a magic name to con- jure by; at the sound of which only great and noble images come to the mind, the image of Washington, the souvenir of a people who wanted to be free, reached freedom and is th American Re- public of today, the remembrance of a long life devoted from the earliest to the last years to the cause of independence. That magic name has once m.ore brought us together, celebra- tions are held in a number of cities, the greatest in the land take part in them. President Wilson does so in Washington ; President Poincare of France has sent us a m.essage ; Justice Dowling ad- mired and respected by all, irrespective of party, presides over our meeting; he has just coupled my name with one so famous and so sacred that I blushed for my lack of deserts; and if you did not see the color, take it for granted that it was an inward blush, of deepest hue. A former President of the United States has come, the type of American forcefulness and generosity; a poet, a thinker, a writer has come too, wdio, like the former President has given to the world and to the good cause, besides his writings, a beloved son. Both belong of right to that association we have in France of the countless fathers and mothers w'ho have lost a son in the war, and who, on the fourth of July, sent here what is perhaps the most memorable of all testimonials that ever cam.e from France for your nation's birthday. They said: "The union of the fathers and irx.thers whose sons have fallen 35 Lafayette Day in Neiv Yprk — Principal Exercises for France, on this day, the anniversary of the birth of the free and noble American Nation, wishes to send, as the most touching tribute that exists, the homage of the gratitude of the dead who have fallen during the last four years for the v/orld's sake. "While on the graves where they await victory resound the footsteps of the 3^oung and proud American legions, our dead heroes are thrilled with hope and faith. They feel that, in common with their brothers in arms of all the Allied Nations, America's soldiers are as mvincible as the ideal for which they fight. And they sec before them, as clear and pure as this ideal, the glorious day of the triumph of independence and justice, dawning in the folds of the Star-Spangled Banner." (Applause). Since today's anniversary was celebrated last year, many events have taken place, the chief one being the ever-growing part played by this nation, with the firmest will to win, in the world conflict. Anything that is asked of it is granted at once : be it subscription to immense loans, the giving up of the accustomed food, or the accus- tomed auto ride on Sunday, the acceptance of new taxation (4 billion dollars is the report), or the increase of the draft age, which will include boys of 18 and men of 45. And this increase has just come to pass owing to a unanimous vote of the two Houses. With their thousands of spies, and their million dollars for what the\' were pleased to call propaganda (which included murder), the Ger- mans had no idea that this could be. There was one spot opened to us all, but in which German spies could not pry, that was the American heart. One of the best French cartoons ]3nblished during the wnr ap- peared recently, the work of Abel Faivre. It represents the Kaiser staggered at the sight of an immense host arriving in the distance. Before him stands an armed angel whose open wings show stars in their upper part, while the long feathers below simulate stripes. Says the Kaiser : "But what is the fleet which can have carried over the seas this numberless army? The Angel answers: "The Tusi- tania." (Applause). A valiant army, if any, the praise of which is on every lip, :i youthful, good-natured, cheery army, whose every soldier is wel- come in the castle and in the hut, and is offered just as heartily the best cake or the last crust ; an immense army that ceaselessly grows ; 36 speech of the French Ambassador for month after month you send over to France double the number of men Napoleon had at Waterloo. Many French names written on the map recall our presence here at the time of your fight for in- dependence, chief among them that of Lafayette. Many x\merican names will, in after time, recall the splendid part you are taking in ihe deliverance of France and of the world. The name of Presi- dent Wilson is already written there, and one of our woods which used to be called Belleau Wood, will be known henceforth as the "Bois de la Brigade de Marine," having been freed by your marines in the Cattle of Chateau Thierry. (Applause). The enemy is doomed. The day is unknown ; the fact is certain. The enemy feels anxious; when he feels anxious, he raises his eyes to heaven, deplores the slaughter, complains of his being friendless and lonely, and wonders at the heartlessness of us who will not desist ; he babbles of peace. Falstaff, on his deathbed, was, as you know, "babbling of green fields." They think they can lure us. having lured others ; but they are mistaken, our peoples know h(3w to read; they can even read between the lines. (Applause.) Who could believe that it is really a German who talks thus : "The time must come when between peoples and peoples something like an impulse of confidence shall germinate; when oppressed hu- man nature shall revolt against false doctrines, threatening to suf- focate the innermost human affinities." Yes, it is a German who is piping thus, an exalted one, but an anxious one. It is Dr. Solf, their Minister of Colonies (a man of leisure he must be just now) ; thus was he speaking not more than a fortnight ago. He was so good as to add : "We do not intend to retain Belgiumi in any form whatever." But it is a fact that for what Germans intend or do not intend on that score, we do not care. Noble Belgium shall owe nothing to her unspeakable tyrants. ( Applause.) In such cases, Germans rarely omit to refer to their grand offer V; the Entente Powers on Decembr 12, 1916, when they informed the world that "the four Allied Powers (that is themselves) pro- loosed to enter forthwith into peace negotiations." saying all the pos • sible good of the "propositions which they brought forward," What propositions? Giving the measure of their sincerity, they refused 10 tell. When the President of the United States asked us and 37 Lafayette Day in New York — Principal Exercises them for positive statements, we gave ours (January lo, 1917), but the Germans simply referred to their previous indeterminate offer which they had, however, embellished thus in a note to the Pope: "Europe, which formerly was devoted to the propagation of religion and civilization, which was trying to find solutions for social problems and was the home of science and art and all peace- ful labor, now resembles an immense war camp in which the achievements of many decades are doomed to annihilation." This from the very men who destroyed Rheims and Louvain, for the pleasiu'e of it, and who, as Ambassador Morgenthau has shown beyond the possibility of a doubt, had determined upon war wrecks before the Austrian Crown Prince had been assassinated by an Austrian subject. That death came opportunely for them ; if it had not come, something else would have been found. The Serbs would have been told, just as we v/ere, that they had bom- barded Nurenberg; any fairy tale would have been good enough. But now the enemy babbles of green fields. We are, however, more diffident than ever, for we are no longer reduced to suppositions, probable as those were, concern- ing" the kind of terms they intended to propose. They have signed, in the course of the present year, a series of peace treaties so that any one can judge: treaties with Ukraine, Bolshevik Russia, Fin- land, Roumania (February 9, IMarch 3, ISIarch 7, May 6). The animus inspiring Germany while signing those deeds is thus described by "green fields" Dr. Solf : Germany was deter- mined "not to bar the way now open to oppressed peoples — the road to freedom, order and mutual tolerance." This is on a par with the Kaiser's own words : "The sword has been forced into our hands," after he had declared war on everybody. For the facts are there, indisputable, confessed by the Germans themselves : all those theaties are treaties not of freedom but of bondage ; and each was violated at once, "scraps of paper" that they are, so as to make them worse in practice. All the world now knows what is the "re-inforced protection" bestowed by the Germans on Ukraine and how the "road to free- dom" open to that country led her oppressors to the banks of the Black Sea. The country is over-run with German troops, the 38 speech of the Freneh Ambassador peasants have risen in arms against them, and Ukrainians now realize what is meant by a German peace. The treaty^of B rest-Lit vosk (March 3) took from Russia territories vaster than Germany and Austria put together, one- third of the total Russian population, one-half of the total mileage of railways, nine-tenths of the total coal production, three-fourths of the total iron. And worse perhaps than all the rest, the treat/ prescribes the "orderly return to Turkey" of Russian Armenia and neighbouring provinces: so that it be possible to continue, until none be left, the orderly slaughter of the Christians in Armenia. Esthonia and Livonia are handed by the same treaty to "a German police force until order in the state is restored," the Ger- mans, of course, being the judges thereof. Awaiting a German King, as the best promoter of freedom, Finland has been "liberated," which consisted in placing her under a German protectorate. By Article I of their treaty of March 7. the Finns undertake "not to grant a servitude to any foreign power ■^vithout having first come to an understanding with Germany in the matter." What is a "servitude?" The Germans' it will be to say. And what can be thought of the treaty with Roumania, which gags a brave, highly civilized nation, tramples her under foot, sup- presses her army, transformed into a mere police force, takes from her the total of her sea coasts, introduces into each of her Min- istries a German adviser, gives to Austria her best forests, popula- tion included, to Germany her petroleum resources, imposes a mili- tary occupation which the Germans will be able to prolong at will ; places ports and railways in the hands of the Germans. In case of difficulties about petroleum, there will be arbitration : we think we can breathe; let us not: the umpire will be appointed by the Presi- dent of the Court of Leipzig. As usual, additional decrees or arrangements have aggravated conditions considered too lenient by the worshippers of Odin. One prescribes obligatory labor in the occupied territory, for all males from 14 to 60, under penalties including five years of prison and even death. Bessarabia was, by the same treaty, annexed to Roumania. Can we find in this a trace of generosity? not the slightest; it is 39 Lafayette Day in New York — Principal Exercises merely a way of submitting one more province to the "regime" of ihe Roumanian conditions. Were we right or were we not when we declined to lay down our arms, as the Russians did, before discussing the terms in store for them, and when we refused to walk into the trap laid out for us? If there had been any doubt, it would have been removed by a casual remark of the German delegates at Bukharest. When the Roumanians expressed their horror at the terms proposed to them, the Germans coolly answered (and that I do know) : "They are very moderate in comparison with what is in store for the .'\llies after the German victory. Very probably so if there w^as to be a German victory. We cannot forget that one of their papers, the "Rhinish and West- phalian Gazette" once gave us an inkling, unobjected to by their censor, of what they really contemplated. It fully agrees with the dictum of the delegates at Bukharest. in the present year. ''Our ultimate aim," that worthy sheet had said in November, 1916, "is to push through to the west and to the ocean. Whatever offer.s re- sistance is to be crushed. * * * What the victor gets, he holds. * * * Let us daily tell the French that every foot we conquer is ours. We need not waste words about Belgium. We need access to the Channel and we need Antwerp. Whoever wants Belgium may fetch it from it." The Germans follow their leader and what can we expect of siich a nation following such a leader? Few descriptions of him and of his deeds are better than this one, written by a man of his ov.'n race: "Superb in his attitudes, casting his glances right and left, the very movements of his body seem to reveal his pride of power. * * * He planned the conquest of the universe. * * * His power has risen in spite of all justice and his cruelty has had such a success as to inspire horror. * * * Where can we find the cause of this immense slaughter ? What hatreds can have incited so many nations to rush one against the other? That humanity could be but a tool in the hands of a king has been made evident when the mad folly of one man caused so many nations to be given over to carnage and the swelled fantasy of a monarch destroyed in an instant what it had cost nature so many centuries to produce." 40 speech of the French Ambassador Accurate as this portrait is, the Kaiser did not actually sit for the painter: it was written in the sixth century by Jornandes, the Goth, who had for his original Attila, King of the Huns. "I am God's scourge," Attila had said. "I am the instrument of the Almighty. I am his sword, his representative. Disaster and death to all those who resist my will," said his imitator and ^- mirer, the Kaiser, in a proclamation to his army in the East, in December, 1914. In the Catalaunian fields, the first battle of the Marne was fought, and Attila defeated, A. D. 451. Those fields are the plains near the Marne about Chalons, the Catalaunum of those days. The second battle of the Marne was won four years ago to-day by one whom you saw and triumphantly received last year, Marshall Jofifre : and it becomes more and more certain, as time passes, that it will be one of the great dates in the history of the world. The third battle of the Marne still goes on. It offers this unique char- acter that American troops have played in it a splendid part; the first battle in Europe in which they have been associated. Starting from the Marne, the fight continues. Pershing's men win the admiration of all. Our English friends are doing wonders, and all acting together, led by that stout-hearted soldier, Marshal Foch, we bid fair to proceed from one river to another, until we pay the enemy the compliment of echoing on the spot one of his favorite songs: "The Watch on the Rhine." (Laughter and ap- plause.) The peace offensive of the enemy will fail as well as his other offensives. He chose and appointed the day when should begin what he himself now rightly calls "the atrocities of w-ar" (i) ; we shall chose and appoint the day for peace. Our terms are known to the v/hole world ; they aim at the destruction not of Germany, but of Germanism, at the liberation not only of our Alsace-Lorraine, but of all the Alsaces-Lorraines in the world. And we simply acted in accordance with our principles. Vv'ith the principles of the hero of the day, Lafayette, the principles set forth in admirable language by President Wilson, when we and our allies recognized, only the other day, the independence of those splendid Tcheco-Slovaks whose anabasis through Siberia will have been one of the memor- 41 Lafayette Day in Nezv Y.ork — Principal Exercises able deeds of the war, the United States having joined us this very week in this work of honor. Hand in hand when the day comes, after years of suffering and hope, having perfected their great task with an equal courage and abnegation, the honest nations of the world will walk towards the temple of Justice; two of them will look like twin sisters, the Re- public of France and the Republic of America. (Prolonged applause.) The Chairman : In declaring this meeting closed, and thank- ing you for your attendance, I trust it may be the privilege of the chairman of the next year's gathering to tell you of a complete victory for the Allied cause. (Applause) At the conclusion of the exercises, the Star Spangled Banner was played. (1) German note to the Pcwtrs Dee. 12, l»t(5, 42 ON THE STEPS OF CITY HALL, NEW YORK AFTER THE EXERCISES. (Left to Right.) 1st Row: Japanese Consul General, I'Vench Consul General. Frank A. Vanderlip, Honorary Chairman, French Ambas;;ador, Justice Victor J. Dovvl- ing, Chairman, Mine. Jusserand, Maurice Leon, Chairman Executive Com- mittee, Major Bastedo, Motor Corps of America, Geoffrey Butler, British Bureau of Information. 2iTd Row : George T. Wilson, Vice-Chairman Reception Committee, i^bnel Wilcox, U. S. A., Capt. Yakura, Japanese Naval Attache, Capt. de Mandat-Grancey (a descendant of Lafayette and aide of Rear-Admirai Grout), Rear-Admiral Grout, in command of French Naval forces in the Atlantic, Capt. LeGall, chief of staff, General Vignal, French Military Attache, Asa Bird Gardiner, Mrs. Leon, Miss Luisita Leland, Chairman of Fatherless Children of France, Major Lankester of the British Army, William D. Guthrie, Chairman Reception Committee. 3rd Row: Mrs. Frederick Nathan, Major Osterreith of the Belgian Army, Colonel Binda and General Guglielmotti of the Italian Army, Capt. Vannutelli, Italian Naval Attache, Brig. Gen. Kenyon, C. B., chief British Army representative, Sir Henry Babington Smith, acting British High Com- missioner. 4th Row : Richard Aldricli, Charles Stewart Davison, Honorary Secre- tary of Citizens' Committee (third from left). 43 45 LAFAYETTE DAY EXERCISES HELD AT THE STATUE OF LAFAYETTE, UNION SQUARE, NEW YORK CITY, SEPTEMBER 6th, 1918. At II :oo A. M., September 6th, 1918, exercises were held at the Statue of Lafayette in Union Square which had been appropriately- decorated for the occasion, as had also the Washington statue nearby. The marine band from the Battleship "Recruit", the Naval Recruiting Station built to resemble a battleship located in Union Square, a short distance from the Lafayette Statue, fol- lowed by a battalion of uniformed naval recruits from the "Re- cruit", as also a detachment of French blue-jackets and a detachment of U. S. soldiers from. Governor's Island marched to the Statue playing the Marseillaise and drew up in front of the platform erected to the west of the monument. Wreaths were placed upon the statue by numerous patriotic societies: Delegates from the Sons of the Revolution, Lafayette Post G. A. R., Society of the Cincinnati, Order of Founders and Patriots of America and the Y. M. C. A. were present on the plat- form representing these societies. A crowd of several thousand persons which had gathered around the platform and statue fol- lowed the exercises very closely and manifested its patriotic ap- preciation of the occasion by repeated applause of the sentiments expressed. The color guard of the Sons of the Revolution carried the flags which Major General Lafayette's command bore through its fight- ing in the last part of the i8th century. The chairman in charge of the exercises, Charles A. Downer, Esq., Professor of French in the college of the City of New York and President of the Alliance Francaise, introduced the speaker on that occasion, the Hon. Alton E. Parker. Address by Hon. Alton B. Parker. Mr. Chairman, and distinguished guests, soldiers and sailors, friends of Lafayette and of France : enthusiastic supporters of the Allies in their great struggle for world wide liberty: We are gath- 47 Lafayette Day in Nczv York — Union Square ered about this statue erected by the people of the City of New V'ork in honor of a distinguished son of France, who, in our strug- gle for liberty tendered to us his fortunes and his life — General Lafayette. We come on this i6ist Anniversary of his birth to pay our tribute of admiration and affection for his memory. In order to value the spirit which prompted him to cast in his fortunes with those who were struggling for the liberties of this people, it must be borne in mind that at that time France and Eng- land were at peace, and when the King of France learned that a young French nobleman was engaged in an effort to strengthen the Rebellion in America, he caused his arrest, to the end that those relations which were then friendly, existing between France and England, should not be broken. But Lafayette escaped, and by the aid of disguise reached a port in Spain where his own ship, which he had fitted out in order to come to the United States, ]iicked him up and at last, after a long and tedious voyage, he found himself in Philadelphia, and the first thing that he did was to address Congress then assembled, a letter tendering his services to the Congress without compensation and at his own cost, and further expressing the desire that at first he should be permitted to serve as a volunteer. The outcome of it was that a little after the age of twenty, he was made a major-general, and assigned to the staff of Wash- ington, and between those two great men there grew up an aflFec- tion which endured while life lasted. It is not necessary on this occasion for us to gather together the history that shows the great service which he rendered the people of the United States. We need not take the time to marshal the facts. We need not refer to his bravery shown on many a Held, and yet it would seem to me that this occasion should not pass without referring to the fact that on the field of Brandywine he fought after he had been wounded, with the blood gushing from his wounds; but the reason why T take the liberty of saying to you today that it is no longer necessary for us to marshal the facts having to do with that wonderful service which he rendered to the people of the United States, because it was done while he lived by the Government of the United States, and by this people; 48 Address by Hon. Alton B. Parker before — quite a little time before Iiis life passed away, the Congress of the United States invited him to come to the United States to be the guest of the United States, He accepted the invitation. He w^as with us just a little more than a year. Two of his birthdays were spent here — his 67 and his 68th birthdays. From one end of the countr}' to the other he visited. The thirteen states which we had when he was here, had grown to be twenty-four. We had no railroad trains in those days to take him from one place to another, and so, either by watercourse or by the ordinary roads and coaches, he visited every single one of those twenty-four states, and wherever he went the people were out to acclaim him. Wherever he went there v/ere receptions and fetes, and such honors as were never before or since bestowed upon any man in this country by its people. Ah ! But not only did we have in that great reception by the people of the United States the judgment of the people while he was living, as to the importance of his services, but we had the judgment of Congress, for you have not forgotten that Congress appropriated $200,000 — "in part pay- ment" — those were the words used in the "Appropriation Bill" — in' part payment for General Lafayette's services to the people of the United States; and when he came to go away, leaving, as he did, the White House after a wonderful reception and a speech by the President on the front steps of the White House, he went away by direction of the President of the United States upon a war vessel — a new one, just completed and named "The Brandywine" after that battlefield upon which he was so severely wounded. Therefore I say, my fellow citizens, we need not stop to discuss the facts. We have the judgment of the people of the United States, a judgment rendered by the Congress and the President of the United States, and such a judgment and such a token of respect and esteem as was never given by the United States to anv other lone resident of the United States. A great poet has said : "There is a destiny that shapes our ends, rough hew them how we will." I prefer, as presenting more nearly the situation as I understanrl it now, another sentence, familiar to you all : "God moves in a mysterious way his wonders to perform. 49 Lafayette Day in Xczi' York — Union Square Was it not wonderful that 54 American citizens, leading citi- zens, men of ability, education and character, should have taken upon themselves the responsibility of signing the Declaration of Independence Was it not wonderful that in that Declaration of Independence should have been written this sentence: "We hold these truths to be self evident : That all men are created equal" — a sentence destined to ring around the world for years and years and years, and to focus the attention of the people of the world upon a country where that experiment was to be tried, where it was to be demonstrated that men are, in fact, "equal", "created equal" at the beginning. Was it not wonderful, too, that for the first time in the history of the world, a form of government was created, the like of which the world had never seen? It is no small matter of pride to us that this constitutional form of government was created by tliose whom we are proud to call the fatfiers of the country. We know now why they adopted the constitutional form of Govern- ment. These men were in large measure descendants of England, familiar with the struggle in England for liberty, and they wished to secure for all time to come the benefit for themselves and those who were to come after them, of those great principles of English liberty which were the result of a struggle which took five hundred years to win. Was it not wonderful, too. that this country, without any great army, without remarkably trained soldiers, need- ing a great leader, could have found him in the form of a farmer on the banks of the Potomac, ready to lead the people in their effort for Liberty? Was it not just as Lincoln was found in the Presidential Chair, and ready when the struggle in this country took place, whether this should be a LTnion of States, one and inseparable, and just as ^Vilson was found in the Presidential Chair, and ready when the broader field was entered upon by the great nations of the world, which is to result finally in the settlement of this problem — not only are men free within their own country, but that nations hereafter sb.all be free (applause), little or big, to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences, and to work out their own national problems without hindrance, without fear that any other 50 Address by Hon. Alton B. Parker and a larger nation shall attempt to take their property and liberties from them and make them prisoners? (Applause.) My fellow citizens, was it not wonderful, too — how much of it may be attributed to Lafayette I do not know — but we know that he went home to France when our situation here was a very trouble- some one, when it seemed doubtful if we could win — he went over to France to plead the cause of the men here who were struggling for the equal rights of man, and we know what followed: Ro- chambeau. General Rochambeau and five thousand troops came over to the United States with a part of the French Navy, large enough to keep the English Navy at bay, and then the French troops under Rochambeau and the American troops under Wash- ington with the navy standing off to protect them raised the Siege at Yorktown, which resulted finally in breaking the back bone of the war. Oh, my friends, we have not forgotten France, nor will we ever forget France (applause). It is with the greatest pleasure that we are now contributing our quota toward driving the barbarous Huns out of France and Belgium (applause) ; but what was the result of this effort? Why, all the people of the world when they saw we had gained our liberty, began to fasten their attention upon the fact that we had gained it, and so, they came from every quarter of the earth and from every nation speaking every language, they came here to build their homes where men could enjoy the great principles of liberty and feel that they were free to contribute their part towards the creation of the Government ; and we trusted them, so that when this war broke out, we had over one hundred and eighty- seven billions of wealth, more than Great Britain and Germany put together. We had over one hundred million of people ; but when this war broke out, you and I and some of us did not quite appreciate our responsibilities. There were people in this country who seemed to think that God had been doing this all for us — not at all. It is all a part of the Divine plan to build up this country, so that this country would be all able in this great struggle for human righteousness which is now upon us, to perform an im- portant part and play a controlling part. We ought to have seen it : I am sorry that we did not. We just wer^t quietly along, quite 51 Lafayette Day in New York — Union Square a good many of us did. We ought to have seen earlier, you and I. that England was struggling, not alone for herself, she was strug- gling for Belgium. They knew over there better than we knew here, the situation. Our only excuse is that we did not understand Germany, and the German people, as we understand them now. (Applause.) Now, we know them; but at last we had to be forced in. The Supreme Ruler of the Universe did not intend that the program which had been worked out from the beginning, to make us a rich and popular nation, and a powerful one, should pass by without our doing our part ; and so Germany kicked us at last into the war. But when we came in, under the leadership of our great President, we came at last to a full appreciation of our responsibilities and duties to God, to the Nations of the World, and to ourselves. That duty, as we all see it now, is to fight until the last anned force expires, to fight until the barbarous Hun has been driven out of Belgium, and France, and into Germany — fight on until they are all well satisfied they do not want any more (ap- plause). No matter what it costs you and me, it is going to be done, is it not? (Cries of "Yes.") All the people of the United States are behind the President, and with those glorious Allies of ours — England, France, Italy and Belgium. Oh, yes, we are fighting together for the peace of the world hereafter, and when it is all done, my friends — when it is all done — what then? What is there to happen which will make it worth while? Now, I want to predict for you what I think will happen. 1 expect to see under the leadership of France and England, Italy. Belgium and the United States, a league of nations, formed strong enough to enforce the peace of the world hereafter (ap- plause) — a league of nations determined that never again shall any other monarch whether he be called Kaiser or by some other name — that never again shall any monarch, backed by a selfish people, be permitted to drag millions of good men to a soldier's grave, and strong enough to check at the outset any attempt made by any country for another preparation for a forty years' war. My friends, in conclusion, there was never a more brave and chivalrous knight than General Lafayette. He came to us. 52 Address by Hon. Alton B. Parker to the end, although he did not know it, that we should be pre- pared to contribute our qouta in this great contest for human rights. All he thought of then undoubtedly was that he was help- ing these men whom he could realize, whom he could see — he was helping them to gain their liberties; but whether he had a vision of the future or not, the fact is that he contributed his quota toward that great day when all the world shall be at peace, and the Allies shall have won the victory and the peace of the world is secured hereafter. So we do well to-day, aye, and we shall con- tinue it in the years to come to treasure the memory of the Marquis de Lafayette, and to occasionally meet as we do here, to pay our tribute to one who fought in this country for humanity's sake. (Great applause.) LAFAYETTE DAY BANQUET. In the evening the annual Lafayette Day Banquet was given at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel by the France-America Society in honor of His Excellency the French Ambassador, at which the principal address was delivered by Hon. Franklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior. METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART. In connection with the celebration of Lafayette Day there was shown at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, a small group of works of art associated with the name of General Lafayette. The exhibition was held in the recent accessions room near the main entrance and continued for two weeks. In the exhibition were portraits, engravings, miniatures, Staffordshire, printed plates, wedgewood plaques, medals, snuff-boxes and other small objects which show the widespread popular esteem in which Lafayette was held. S3 CHILDREN'S FETE, THE MALL CENTRAL PARK. Under the auspices of the Women's National Committee of the American Defense Society, several thousand children took part in a fete on the Mail in Central Park. A number of settle- ments and children's societies formed into line and marched from 59th Street through the Mall to the band-stand, led by boy scouts dressed in French costumes and carrying American flags. The Pelham Bay band rendered the music for the afternoon. Dr. George F. Kunz, President of the American Scenic Historical Society who was in charge of the celebration delivered an address which opened a carefully arranged program intended to inspire patriotism and reverence for the flag in the budding minds of an attentive juvenile audience. While the ceremonies were in progress 18 aeroplanes soared above the Mall and the City in battle formation headed by Major East of the Mineola Field. They dropped cards reading "Lafay- ette Day, Greeting from the French and American Aviators." Captain Jacques Boyriven, of the French Aviation Mission soared over the battleships in the North River in the evening. The fete which was in charge of Mrs. William S. Skinner and Mrs. McAllister Smith, offered a program contributed to by Lieutenant Adrien de Pachmann of the French High Commission, who was the speaker of the occasion. Rose LaHarte, Miss Sally Hamlin, great granddaughter of Hannibal Hamlin, Vice-President with Lincoln, the Police Glee Club and Miss Edythe Gibson. The Marine Band played the national airs of both countries. Lieutenant de Pachmann in his address explained to the children the history of Lafayette and why all France joins America in honoring his name and memory today. Among the women patrons of the celebration were Miss Elizabeth Marbury, Mrs. John Marshall Gallagher, Mrs. George Evans, Mrs. Eugene J. Grant, Misses Virginia Furman, Frances Tilghman, Florence Guernsey, Teresa R. O'Donohue, H. V. Boswell, Mrs. F. E. Bradner, Mrs. John H. Griesel, Mrs. Laurent Oppenheim, Mrs. William J. Smyth, Mrs. William Sporborg, Mrs. M. McAllister Smith, Mrs. Caspar Whitney and Mrs. E. D. Moseley. 54- u C32 • '^ 'S r-" ^ ^■t't o 55 Lafayette Day in Washington JOINT CELEBRATION by The National Society, Daughters of The American Revolution The Sons of The Revolution In The District of Columbia and The District of Columbia Society Sons of The Amei^ican Revolution of the One Hundred Sixty-First Anniversary of The Birth of MARQUIS De LAFAYETTE and The Fourth Anniversary of The Battle of the Marne Friday, September 6, 1918, at Five P. M. AT THE LAFAYETTE MONUMENT. WASHINGTON, D. C. The joint celebration by the National Society of the Daugh- ters of the American Revolution, Sons of the Revolution in the District of Columbia, and the District of Columbia Society Sons of the American Revolution, of the 161 st anniversary of the birth of Marquis de Lafayette, and the fourth anniversary of the Battle of the Marne, took place at the Lafayette Monument, Washing- ton. D. C, on Friday afternoon, September 6, 1918. There were present the President of the U^nited States and Mrs. Wilson ; the Secretary of the Navy, the Honorable Josephus Daniels; the Count de Chambrun, representing the Ambassador of France; -\Ir. Louis F. Brownlow. President of the Board of Commissioners of t-he District of Columbia, and various repre- sentatives from the Embassies of the Allied powers, and other distinguished guests as follows : 57 Lafayette Day iti Washington Commander de Blanpre, Xaval Attache of the French Embassy ; Honorable Thomas B. Hoehler, Charge d'AtTaires. British Embassy ; i\I. K. Debuchi, Secretary Japanese Embassy; Sr. and Mme. BeHsaris Parras, Panamanian Embassy ; Sr. Don. Ignacio Calderon, BoHvian Embassy; General and Mrs. J. D. Cormack, British War Mission ; ^I. O. Guerlac of the French High Commis- sion, and several members of the Belgian Embassy. Invocation. The Reverend Charles T. Warner, Rector of Saint Alban's Church, Washington. D. C. Presentation of the Colors. To the air of '"Stars and Stripes Forever"' by the Marine Band. Presiding officer, Air. Louis Annin Ames : We will have the reading of The American's Creed by the author, William Tyler Page of ^Maryland. Air. William Tyler Page: 'T believe in the United States of America as a govern- ment of the people, by the people, and for the people ; whose just powers are derived from the consent of the governed, a democracy in a republic ; a sovereign nation of many- sovereign States ; a perfect Union, one and inseparable, established upon those principles of freedom, equality, jus- tice and humanity for which American patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes. *T therefore believe it is mv duty to my country to love it, to support its Constitution, to obev its laws, to respect its flag and to defend it against all enemies." (Applause). "The Star Spangled Baimer", by The Alarine Band. The Presiding Officer, Louis Annin Ames, Esquire, of New York Citv, President General, National Scvcietv. Sons of the American Revolution. 58 Address by Hon. Josephus Daniels Mr. President, Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : The women and men who have arranged this celebration are proud that they are the descendants of men, who with Wash- mgton and Lafayette achieved American independence. While they feel that upon them rests a sacred and a holy duty to pre- serve the ideals for which their revolutionary forefathers fought, they recognize that it is not ancestry nor birth, but it is onl}' service to the common good that counts for Americanism. The milestones that mark humanity's progress are the natal days of heroic souls. We have gathered ' here to celebrate the anni- versary of the birth of the great Lafayette — our friend, champion soldier in the war for American Independence, prophet of demo- cracy, who saw a land of brotherhood where liberty, the fond hope of every honest soul would flourish. He was an apostle of the Golden Rule among the nations and he caught a glimpse of the federation of the world. Lafayette, we pause today with loving hearts, full of grati- tude to remember thy birthday. This pause is to us a moment of inspiration to carry on the great work at hand for human freedom. (Applause.) The World Turned Upside Down", was then played by The Marine Band. (Played at Yorktown, 1781.) The Presiding Officer: I would announce that through the courtesy of Count de Chambrun, the committee has made a change in the program so that our honored Secretary of the Navy may leave the city at 5:45 to present a stand of colors to the 13th Regiment of Marines at Quantico, Va., this evening. I have the honor of presenting the next speaker, the Honorable Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy. (Applause.) Address by Hon. Josephus Daniels. Every notable period furnishers its prophet. Contrary to the accepted opinion, prophets are not dreamers. They are doers. They prophecy and help to fulfill that which they forc- 59 Lafayette Day in Washington tell. For more than a century, upon each recurring September 6th, when the birthday of Lafayette has been celebrated, gifted speakers have presented him as the superb soldier, the chivalric knight, the chevalier of "the gentleman among nations," the devoted friend, the courageous champion of the rights of man, and the foe of every form of tyranny and absolutism. Today, as we stand at the base of this noble monument, erected in a country whose love shines brighter than its grati- tude, let us think of him rather as the man of prophecy and faith. He was the seer who saw where others were blind, the believer in a generation which lacked vision. There were other men as courageous, many who gave their lives in battle. Then, as now, courage was the commonest as well as the noblest virtue of our humanity. France was not wanting in men of ideals, in men who dreamed of liberty, and in men who hoped and prayed that the Americans would win their independence. Lafayette, with the audacity of faith found only in youths of adventure, saw in the young Republic the hope of humanity. It was as real to him before he set out on La Victoria to become the associate and friend of Washington as when his prayers were answered as the French fleet appeared in the offing at Yorktown and won a notable naval victory, the significance ot which was long not appreciated. Looking back upon the Revolution, in which he bore so conspicuous a part, Lafayette wrote: "This was the last struggle of liberty. Its defeat would have left it without a refuge and without a hope." Lafayette the Prophet! Let that be our theme today. In i>'2f;. with the natural desire of the old to revisit the scenes of their youthful struggles, he made a visit to America which will ever be memorable. No citizen of our own country ever re- ceived so loving a welcome. His journeys were triumphal pro- cessions. The ardor of revolutionary days was rekindled. In the capital of the Republic he was received with every honor and distinction. At a dinner in his honor, attended by President ^vlonroe, Mr. Gaillard, the presiding officer of the Senate ; Henry Clay, Speaker of the House, and other eminent men, in respond- ing to a toast which gave him title as "the great apostle of ra- tional liberty" Lafayette counselled against any division of the 60 Address by Hon. Josephus Daniels Union and accompanied it with a prophecy which is this day being fulfilled before the very eyes of more than a million and a half Americans in France, who, with brave men of other free nations, are making real his prediction. The toast he affered was "Perpetual union among the United States ; it has saved us in our times of danger ; it will save the world." That prophecy did not pass without comment, for Niles' Register in remarking upon the occasion said it was "one ot the proudest days in the annals of the country," and with the prescience which enables the writer to see the year 1918, added, "a day which will be told with high satisfaction to our remote posterity." As we stand beneath the figure of Prophet Lafay- ette the echoes of that gathering come down to us. The union of the United States has secured the independence of our country and made it the beacon light of liberty. Lafayette, with an insight into the struggle of this decade, with the assurance of the prophets of old, stood up in that assembly and declared, "It will save the world." Glorious vision of the man to whom the secrets of all ages were revealed ! Was it given to him to see the 6th of September, 1914, v/hen Liberty in this generation was in the death struggle in Europe when the life of his own great Republic across the seas hung in the balance? Do noble natures of separated cen- turies have cmmunion? It has been said that it was an accident of fate that made the first victory of the Marne fall on the birthday of Lafayette. Should we not say it was a glorious coincidence? Or, better still, that Marshal Jofifre's victory was a providential and fitting celebration of the hundred and fifty seventh birthday of Gilbert du Notier de Lafayette? We come now to another victory of the Marne thankful for the genius of Foch, who wears worthily the mantle of Lafayette. And again, i)n Lafayette's birthday, victorious encounters by the allied armies in France bring us nearer to the success at arms which will mean to the whole world what Yorktown meant to the \Vestern Hemisphere. There never was a darker day in the American Revolution than when at Georgetown, S. C, January 13, 1777, Lafayette landed to ofifer his sword in the unequal struggle. In his memories he says when he arrived in America 61 Lafayette Day in Washington he vowed to win or die here in the cause of Liberty. All his dreams of what he would find in the new world were realized, and to his wife, whom he called "Dear Heart," he writes, "iVll citizens are brothers," "the richest and the poorest are on the same social level," and he described the American women as "beautiful, unafirected in manner, and of a charming neatness." Of Congress he asked only two favors, "the one to serve without p:iv at my own expense, the other that I be allowed to serve at first as a volunteer." His offer was accepted, he was commis- sioned as a major general at the age of twenty — an age which some people think too young for men to be entrusted with military command. Lafayette was only eighteen when a junior officer in the French Musketeers, dining with his commanders of the garrison at Metz, he heard the Duke of Gloucester, a brother but not a friend of King George HI, tell the story of the fight for freedom in America. As he listened, the heart of the eighteen year old boy spanned the Atlantic and he "enlisted" with all the enthusiasm and the faith of the knights who went in quest of the Holy Grail. Every member of his family except his seventeen year old wife regarded his determination to aid America as a mad adventure. Let us pay tribute to the wisdom of youth and never again bow down to the accepted superior judgment of age ! Lafayette is the type of eternal youth. With years come prudence and caution and conventions which aid knowledge, but youth has the courage of its ideals, the audacity of its faith, and the readiness to risk all, even life itself, for Liberty. All great wars have been fought by what older people call "mere boys." In the war between the States the vast majority of those who followed Grant and Lee were youths, hundreds of thousands under 21 years of age, many of them under 18. There never were finer soldiers in all history. It was the dash and daring of youth that swept all before it in that mighty struggle, and it is the same spirit which today animates our armies fighting their way across the battle- scarred fields of France and which, with our allies, will eventually drive the last invader from the soil of Lafayette's beloved country. (Applause.) 62 Address by Hon. Josephus Daniels Lafayette knew that the heart of France was with America during the disheartening days that followed Valley Forge just as all France knows the heart of America warmed toward France from the moment of its invasion. All the while he worked for an understanding between America and France. He was rewarded when the French fleet under DeGrasse and the French Army under Rochambeau, (who with Portail and d'Estaing are honored as the four minor figures grouped below or around the central figure of Marquis de Lafayette in the statue before us) gave Washington the preponderance that compelled the sur- render of Cornwallis. In the year of alternate hope and fear Lafayette and Rochambeau urged upon France the opportunity and duty of helping the colonists. Rochambeau wrote : "Nothing without naval supremacy!" He sent his son to France to ask for more ships and Washington sent Henry Lawrence, saying: "This is our last chance, our country is exhausted, our force is nearly spent, the cause nearly lost. If France delays a timely and powerful aid in this critical posture of our affairs, it will avail us nothing should she attempt it hereafter." In May, 1781, Rochambeau received a message saying: "It is impossible to send you troops, but a new fleet is being sent. Washington's army, passing Philadelphia on their march to the South, were entertained by La Luzerne, the French minister. Abbe Robin, chaplain of the French troops, wrote: "We. were scarcely seated when a courier was introduced. An anxious silence reigns among the guests ; all eyes are fixed on the Cheva- lier de La Luzerne ; people try to guess what the news can be." He relieves their suspense and thrills them when he says : "Thirty-six ships of the line, under the command of Count de Grasse, are in Chesapeake Bay, and three thousand men have been landed and established communication with the Marquis de Lafayette." He fought the British fleets and so damaged them that they put back to New York. Washington wrote to De Grasse: "The honor of the surrender of York belongs to your Excellency." To Congress he said, "I wish it was in my power to express to Congress how much I feel myself indebted to the Count de Grasse and the officers of the fleet under his command." Congress passed a resolution expressing to De 63 Lafayette Day in IVashingion Grasse "The thanks of the United States for his display of skill and bravery in attacking and defeating the British fleet ofT the Bay of Chesapeake." The French navy and the French soldiers- saved the day. When America entered the war, at the hour M^hen the need of the Allies was sorest, history repeats itself. In the first days we said, as France said to Rochambeau : "It is impossible to send you troops at once, but our fleet is being sent." Naval vessels were despatched at once to join the allied fleet and take part in the war against the submarine menace. It was a return of the visit of the French fleet that came into the Chesapeake in 1783. The Army, now numbering in France 1,600,000, have been safely conveyed across the Atlantic, and with the men under arms from all the allied nations, will fulfill the prophecy of Lafayette and "save the world." It will add to the million and a half already engaged as many more million as may be needed, for all America has highly resolved that the brave men of this country and all the allied nations shall not have died in vain. And as the brave Americans embark, every one of them will recall that the independence we won in the Revolution was largely due to Lafayette and his patriotic countrymen. When Pershing reached France with the first American troops, he m.ade a pious pilgrimage to the Piopus cemetery in Paris, placed a wreath on the grave of Lafayette and simply said : "Lafayette, nous voila {we are here)." And as the millions more will reach the shores of France, they will not pause from their grim determination to say much. The advances made steel our courage and confirm our faith. Deeds alone count. All that is necessary will be to invoke a double portion of the spirit of the Knightly Marquis and say : "Lafayette, we are here!" (Applause) Singing of National and Patriotic Airs by the Audience. The floral tribute by the distinguished guests, the participat- ing societies, and the audience, to the music "Partant pour la Syrie" by the Marine Band. This consisted of the laying of wreaths, garlands and flowers upon the monument as a tribute to the memory of Marquis de Lafayette. The wreaths presented consisted of the following: 64 Address by Count Charles de Chambrun President Wood row Wilson. French Embassy, represented by Count de Chambrnn. The Daughters of the American Revolution. The Sons of the American Revolution. The Sons of the Revolution. Belgian Legation. Reading of the poem "The Name of France" by Henry Van Dyke, by Mr. Barry Bulkley of the Sons of the Revolution in the District of Columbia Society. Mr. William M. Lewis read messages received by the Lafayette Day National Committee from the President of France and from Marshal Joffre, the text of which is found in the report of the principal exercises held at the City Hall, New York (p. 27,). "The Marseillaise" was then sung, led by Lieutenant Labat, French Military Mission. Presiding" Officer: Our last speaker is the great-great grandson of Marquis de Lafayette — Count de Chambrun, Counselor of the French Em- bassy. Address by Count Charles De Chambrun. On this anniversary, particularly dear to my heart, I feel deeply the honor of being called upon to speak, in the name of the Ambassador of France, before this assembly graced by the presence of the President of the United States, whose name, blessed by all my fellow countrymen, is to-day as popular among them as Lafayette's with you. I am greatly honored also to address the distinquished representatives of the patriotic societies whose mission it is to preserve the sacred memories of the American Revolution. . 65 Lafayette Day in ll'ashington No one over more ardently cherished that revolution of in- dependence and liberty, whose purity of motives remains un- surpassed; no one ever served it with greater fervor; no one has worshipped it with more heartfelt piety, than he whose birth \ou are celebrating to-day. Others may say what he did on the fields of battle at the age of twenty years. What I wish to tell you, speaking at the foot of this monument, is not that which his sword brought over to .Vmerica, but, rather, that which his heart brought back to France. For it is not only the generous spontaneity with which he came to you, that causes you to bless his memory ; it is also the unfaltering fidelity with which, throughout the vicissi- ludes of a long career and in the midst of most troublous times, iie never ceased to belong to you. He remained all his life the aide-de-camp of General Washington, whom he loved, as you know, with the tenderness of a friend and the respect of a son. Xll his life he was the zealous missionary of the cause of which ■liat great man was the inspired patriarch. He had first set foot on your shores filled with all the enthusiasm of youth, eager for adventure, seeking fame ; you sent him back to us with a soul truly republican, having exchanged his courtly manners for democratic simplicity — American in ideal and in conduct. This ideal, which was yours alone at that time, and whose lofty course more than a century of prosperity has not retarded, he proposed to "his country. Through his example, America i>ecame popular at the Court of Louis XVI. And later on. when the people of France, swayed by the spirit of the century and .seized in their turn with the fever of Liberty, wished to build upon new foundations their political institutions and their social code, he had only one thought — to induce the French revolution to adopt the principles proclaimed by the revolution of America, and to start his own country along the road of this free and democratic gvernment, of which your United States were then Hist beginning the great and conclusive experience. Read the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which is the charter of our public rights, and of which Lafayette was the principal author, you will see there more than one re- 66 Address by Count Charles de Chambrun semblance to the Declaration of Rights of Virginia. Is it aston- ishing that we should be fighting for the same principles? On the morrow of the fall of the Bastile, Lafayette presented France with her new colors. These were, by a providential coincidence, which he was the first to perceive and to rejoice over, the three colors of your glorious flag. They hae* been, in your country, the symbol of national independence; with us, the emblem of political liberty. To-day, illumined by the sun of victory and acclaimed by two peoples whom they inspire with mutual love, they float together over the battlefields where are being decided the independence and liberty of all nations. To this ideal, to these principles, to this flag, he was invariably faithful. He was the enemy of absolutism from whatever source, whether it issued from the court, from the omnipotence of an assembly or from a mob. At the Tuileries, as at the Town Hall of Paris, at the sessions of the Constituante, or in the presence of popular uprisings, and even in the dungeons of Prussia and Austria, where he was confined for five years (for the despots of Central Europe have never had any tenderness for those wh(! cherish liberty) everywhere and always, in good fortune as in bad, you find him as you have known him, as you have loved him, as you have made him. Such fidelity to the cause of Liberty and to America was bound to receive its reward. America was generous of it. When, in 1824, he came to pay you a visit and to say farewell, Wash- ington and his companions in arms were no longer there to welcome him ; but he saw rise from the new generation, like a beneficent harvest, that immense gratitude which was the pride of his old aj^e and one of the joys of France. It was reserved to our generation, however, to witness more than he could have foreseen, more than would have surpassed his most ambitious dream : The United States sending millions of men to fight, on the soil of France, this war of all wars. and. help humanity to win its suit. The honorable Secretary of the Navy has most eloquently recalled the historical words of noble General John Pershing when he was led to the family cemetery where the friend of America reposes. No Frenchman will ever forget them. But 67 Lafayette Day in Washington allow me to tell 3'ou something more. At the time of the first Battle of the Marne — four years ago to the day — the enemy penetrated to the very hedge of Lafayette's property, Lagrange. At the second Battle of the Marne, they did not succeed in ad- vancing so far; your own soldiers were there protecting the approach. Among those heroes of Chateau Thierry and of Fismes, among those who combat on our fields, among those who soar in our skies, may there be found many who have the soul of Lafayette ; 1 mean to say, who understand and love the land of France as he understood and loved America. That is the wish that I express at the end of this touching celebration. Never have two countries been more intimately united than ours. If there is no written pact between us, there is a great act ; there is a great fact. Your men are living at our firesides, and defending them. Your dead repose in our meadows, under the shadow of those thousands — those hundreds of thousands — of little white crosses, which will signify to future generations the meaning of their native land, and the price of Liberty. May the people of France and the people of America forever live, according to the words of Washington, "as brothers should do, in harmonious friend- ship !" May we, like our victorious soldiers, forever remain united, through life and unto death, a la vie et a la mort! Benediction. The Reverend Doctor Charles Wood, Pastor of the Church of the Covenant, Washington, D. C. March "Lorraine," by The Marine Band. 68 Lafayette Day in Boston COMMITTEE FOR BOSTON CELEBRATION Honorary Chairman The Honorable ANDREW J. PETERS, Mayor Honorary Vice-Ckairmen Major HENRY LEE HIGGINSON Hon. HENRY CABOT LODGE Mr. MOORFIELD STOREY Frank W. Remick John R. Maoomber Daniel M. Prendergast Daniel G. Win? Alfred L. Aiken Thomas P. Beal Charles E. Rogerson Lindsay Swift EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Addison L. Winship, Chairman Max E. Wyzanski Robert S. Weeks Hon. Nelson P. Brown Hon. Charles A. DeCourcy Louis J. A. Mercier Prof. Louis Allard J. C. J. Flamand William H. Farnsworth Frederick H. Prince Louis E. Crosscup George Pierre Erhard Frank S. Deland Thomas W. Murray Georges Longy Hon. Edmund Billings Pvev. Dr. Geo. A. Gordon George Hale Nutting Charles J. Martell Thomas B. Gannett W. F. Fitzgerald COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS N. Penrose Hallowell G. H. Nutting Franklin W. Ganse C Howard Walker F. E. Mann L. E. Crosscup Bertram G. Waters COMMITTEE ON INVITATIONS AND MUSIC Robert S. Weeks B. Wendell, Jr. Hon. Michael J. Sullivan * William E. Chamberlain John K. Allen COMMITTEE ON PUBLICITY Herbert M. Altken Ernest S. Butler John Cutler IN CHARGE OF USHERS Franklin E. Bancroft 69 Lafayette Day in Boston BOSTON CELEBRATION OF LAFAYETTE DAY and of the BATTLE OF THE MARNE Fcineuil Hall, Boston, Friday, September 6, 1918. (Concert by Commonwealth Pier Band of U. S. Navy from 7:30 to 8.) Introductory Remarks by His Honor, Mayor Andrew J. Peters. Your Excellency, Fellow Citizens : It is indeed a privilege to meet here to-night in this historic hall, dedicated as it is in the hearts of all American citizens to the cause of Freedom, to pay our obeisance here to the name of Lafayette. (Applause.) Lafajette belongs to two countries and has more than one title to distinction. For us he lives as one of the founders of the American republic. It is not too much to say that without the aid of this boy under twenty the independence of the colonies might not have been achieved. He brought us not only inspiration but substantial assistance. His ship laden with supplies fitted out at his own expense ; his skill as a commander : his loyalty to Washington amid temptation and intrigue ; his influence in securing recognition and support from France; and finally his insistence upon unity of command — so that Pershing. offering his army tu Foch at the hour of peril, is only following the chivalrous example of Rochambeau, who subordinated him- self to Washington — those services of the young Frenchman were decisive for our cause and, in their sum, were hardly sur- passed by those of any native patriot. We rejoice that Americans stood side by side with the French at Chateau-Thierry and helped to turn the tide that is never coming back. We mourn proudly a Chapman, a Lufbery, a Prince, and many others who. like Lafayette, violated a nominal neutrality to die for those principles about which none of us were ever really neutral. We are planning now to send to Address by Hon. John. J. Bates France, not one youth of nineteen, but all that may be needed until France and the world are made free. (Applause.) As Mayor of this city, I am glad to welcome you here, proud to welcome you here, and it is my privilege to-night to introduce the presiding officer of this meeting. We have with us a gentlemen whose heart and soul and effort has been given with- out stint to the people of this Commonwealth, who has always responded to the opportunity of public service, and who to-night is doing us the honor of assisting in this celebration. I am ]. leased to introduce ex-Governor Bates to you. (Applause.) Remarks by Honorable John J. Bates. Your Honor, Fellow Citizens : I thank the Mayor for his gracious introduction, and I esteem it a privilege and an honor to take a part, even though it be a small part, in the proceedings o[ this evening. This morning on an early train, I left the salt and invigorat- ing atmosphere of Cape Ann and came up on the train, and I noticed that there were several empty cars. As we reached the City of Lynn and looked down from that elevated structure out of the car window, I noticed that the great Central Square of that city, where ordinarily the tides of business sweep fast and constantly, seemed to be stifled, almost, with a mass of humanity that had collected in the Square. There was a band there, and the platforms of the station were crowded with men and women. And I saw the dress-suit cases, the bags and the bundles, and I looked at the men, and I knew it was the recruits wending their way to camp. And I saw the exultant but tearful faces of the women as they were bidding them good-bye — the mother with her hair streaked with gray and her face beginning to be wrinkled, giving her blessing to the boy and striving to stifle her feelings ; I saw the sisters parting from the loved brothers, and I noticed the sweethearts occasionally giving a farewell kiss to the ones so dear to them. And then T noticed one or two men handing back the baby to the wife, and the little child cooing in happiness, little realizing the solemnity of the occasion for the parents, or what it all meant. And I thought, 71 Lafayette Day in Boston these boys are going to Boston, and then they are going to Camp Devens, and then they are going over to the beautiful land of the tricolor, and there they are going to keep on going, fighting their way through, until, if necessary, they shall reach Berlin (applause), and there they are going to perform or help to per- form the greatest surgical operation that was ever performed on humanity (applause) — and humanity is going to be free from that great cancer of tyranny and autocracy that has so long kept it in subjection. And I thought that I did not wonder that occasionally a tear would stream down the faces of the women-folks, but I was glad to notice that the men looked exultant, determined, willing, glad to go. And every window in all the buildings that surround that Square seemed filled with a mass of faces. Down below they were upturned to get a last view of the cars as the boys looked out from the windows of the train. And then all of a sudden the train started and the crowd that had been so silent began to cheer, and the boys in the train cheered back, and then suddenly the band lifted up its instruments and began to burst forth in loud, pealing notes of the National Anthem, and every hat down in the Square came off and every woman seemed to stand at attention. And something that I never noticed before happened. In the crowded car, and through that crowded train, as if but one person, every one rose to their feet, and as the train moved on they all stood uncovered as long as they could hear any of the strains of the "Star Spangled Banner." It was a scene long to be remembered, and yet a common scene nowadays.^ You have all witnessed it. And as I looked at it I said, "This is what is taking place at a thousand, and ten thousand stations throughout these great United States this morning; it has taken place before." And I thought of General Pershing, the forerunner, with his staff of American troops, standing only a few months ago with only a few Americans around him and saying, as he stood with uncovered head at the tomb of the great Lafayete, "Lafayette, here we are !" (Applause) Then there were 5,000 Americans in France; to-night there are 1,600,000 Americans in France helping to rid her soil of the tyrant. Indeed, Pershing was right. 72 Address by Hon. John. J. Bates Lafayette, here we are; America with all her manhood is on the way— America, a thousand times larger and a thousand times more pOAverful than in the old days when you fought for her, is coming over to bring all her strength and all her might, to the end that the principles for which you helped her to fight way back in 1777 shall not be defeated but shall prevail over the principles which have so long kept humanity in chains. (Ap- plause.) And then it came to me that this was Lafayette Day, the anniversary of his birth, and hov/ he, a young man nineteen years of age, had left a wife and a little child and taken a vessel that he had to buy himself — because the American nation was too poor to furnish him with transportation — a vessel that he called "Victory" — significant of this day as well as of the days of the revolution — how he had taken that, gone aboard with other f'rench officers, paid all the expenses and started for the New W^orld, to the end that he might give the glorious cause of America all the assistance within his power. And he Vv^rote from the cabin of the Victory to that wife that he had left behind, "I want you, for my sake, to become a good American, for the welfare of all the world is bound up in the welfare of America." And at that time it was the darkest hour of the American Re- volution. He tells us that there were but three thousand men in the American Army at that time — about 1/15 as many as you keep most of the time out here at Camp Devens — only three thousand men in all the American Army. And yet he, with an invincible courage, was ready to come and offer all to help that little army as against the hosts and the great power of England. And so he wrote to his wife, with full significance of the meaning of the struggle, a significance that had not dawned upon the kings as they sat upon their thrones, or upon the statesmen of Europe — "the welfare of all the world is bound up in the wel- fare of America." So we do well through the City of Boston, — this great magnifi- cent City. — to pause and to come together in this old Cradle of Liberty and consider some of our debt to that man and to the na- tion that he represented. We are here tonight, then, to show our respect for our brothers of the tricolor across the sea, and for the 73 Lafayette Day in Boston example and the progressive leadership of France as a republic among the nations of Europe for many, many years. We are here to show something of the gratitude that we, in common with all the peoples of civilization, feel to that nation for standing at the Thermopylae of the Marne and holding back the hordes of barbar- ism that threaten every civilized land. And we are here to show our respect for the great spirit of the leader of the revolutionary times who bound by his example and by his sacrifice our two na- tions so close together, — the man who through his unselfish life exhibited the ancient christian principle that it is more blessed to give than to receive, the man who showed the world that he had rather live in poverty under liberty than in luxury under tyranny, the man who showed the v/orld that he had rather champion the cause of the downpressed than that of the mighty oppressor, the man who showed the world that he would rather help bring liberty to mankind than to dedicate his life to any other object (Ap- I'lause.) Oh, if Lafayette were here tonight, and if Mrs. Lafayette were here — for you know that after he went back to France he gave U]) all his titles save that of General ; he would have nothing to do with them — so if General Lafayette and Mrs. Lafayette were only here tonight, I can imagine the General saying to her, — "Wife, wasn't ] right It was a long, long time ago. wife, — you and I were young then, I was only nineteen, you had a little child, and yet I left you and went away across the seas and exposed myself and my life in order that I might champion a principle, and that principle was the principle of liberty for the people and of the right to self- government, and I wrote you, wife, that I did that because I be- lieved that the cause of America was bound up in the cause of the world. And, wife, was it not so? That was over 140 years ago, wife, and in that day there were no peoples governing themselves ; America was beginning to try and was setting the exam])le. To- night, wife, look : All over this world that has changed so much since we were here, — all over you notice that among 45 independent sovereignties that 27 of them are now republics, only t8 of them are monarchies, and in those 18 the monarchs have lost their power to the people in every instance but three. There has been a great change, wife. Did it pay? T helped bring alK>ut this change in 74 Address by Hon. lohn. J . Bates the government of the world ; I heiped bring liberty to all the peo- l^les of the world. "And, wife, do 3'ou remember that when I came back from America I hung up in my library a framed copy of the Constitu- tion of the United States, and I left a blank space on the wall be- side, and yon asked me what I left the blank space there for and 1 said I left it to hang there a copy of the constitution of France' And, do you know, wife, in a few years France had a constitu- tion, — she copied America's, — a constitution that said how far the rulers should go and no further, and that the liberties of the peo- ple shall be protected. Why, wife, when America adopted her constitution there was not a constitutional government in the world. No people had the protection of a written constitution. But now, wife, 140 years have gone since the days I went to America, and now throughout the world there is not a nation but what has adopted the American idea of a constitution to protect the people's liberties. To be sure, wife, there are a few exceptional nations that did not adopt the right kind of a constitution ; they were not quite complete, and they were designed to only satisfy the people p.nd to save revolution ; but the other nations have got constitu- tions that protect them, and these that have not will soon have them, because that is the trend of the times. And wife, you re- member in those days, way back when I went to America, that after T came back T went to our king and I demanded that the staff gen- erals should be called together. Do you remember that in those days there was not a representative parliament in the world? The British parliament was not representative. Ten thousand people in England elected all the members of the House of Commons ; it was not a representative parliament. And there was none in the world. Do you know, wife, that in France we had had one way back, but no king had allowed it to come together for 171 years ; and when T came back from America I said, "King, in the name of the people I demand that you call together the staff generals" ; and he said, as the result of my importunity, that he would do it. And in 178Q. after a vacation or recess of 173 years, the king called together that representative body of the French people. And now we have it here. There was no representative body anywhere else in the world. Tonight there is not a nation, be it in Europe or in .A.sia, 75 Lafayette Day in Boston but what has a representative parliament to make the laws for the people in order to protect their liberties. -'"And, wife, do you remember one other thing, too? Do you remember in those days kings were absolute tyrants and that no one could gainsay them? And, wife, America set the example when I was over there fighting with the idea that rulers should be elected by the people and that in the course of a limited time they should be returned to the people and the people should have the right to change them, and there should be no hereditary mon- archs ruling by so-called divine right but that the r'ght must come from the people. Wife, today, with the exception of three coun- t'-ies there is no nation but what has either a president or an execu- tive corresponding to a president elected for a limited term, re- sponsible to the people; or, if they still retain the semblance of a monarchy, the monarch is svibject practically to the pov/ers of the ministry, and it is the ministry who are responsible to the people, and when things do not go to satisfy them the ministry has a change. And, wife, the only three nations that have not come to this new order of things in the world and adopted these ideas of constitutional, representative government, and the responsibility of the ministry, are the nations of Gennany and of Austria and of Turkey, who have a form of a constitution that is not one that protects the people, and who have a ministry that is responsible to the king only and not to the people. But, wife, see, — these na- tions are gasping for breath ; the allies, who represent the great principles that America started, are moving on, and there is com- ing a dov;nfall of those who represent the other form of govern- ment. (Appbuse.) *'I said 141 years ago that the welfare of the world was boans Pasajes, nearby the French border, and then he came back in answer to the order of the king and reported in person. And then again he used all his efforts and all his influence to obtain from the king consent to pro- ceed with his efforts ; but in vain. And then this youth of nineteen, imbued with the love of lib- 79 Lafayette Day in Boston erty and determined to aid a liberty-seeking people, set at defiance the orders of his monarch, cast aside the hope of preferment in the great court of the king, went in disguise, escaped the messengers of the king, reached the Spanish port and then went aboard La Victoire with De Kalb and some other ofiicers and sailed for America on the 20th day of April, 1777. As you know, he landed on the coast of South Carolina. He undertook then to make his way to Philadelphia, where the Continental Congress v/as in session. Starting out in great state with a carriage, he found some difficulty in finally ending his 900- mile journey even on horseback, and arrived in a sore-distressed con- cHtion at Philadelphia and sent in word to the Congress of his arrival. His reception was anything but cordial. Congress had grown rather impatient with the class of men that our Commis- sioner Deane had been sending over with promises of commissions, with promises of large salaries — men who were taken up by Con- gress and tested, only to be found wanting. But Lafayette, with the patience that comes to men of his size, sent into Congress this manly protest: "After the sacrifices I have m.ade I have a right to exact two favors ; one is to serve at my own expense — the other is to serve at first as a volunteer." Then, with such a manly letter before them, Congress felt called upon to examine into the credentials and learn what this young man was. what sacrifices he had been making, what promises he brought with him; and it was but a short time afterwards when he was voted a commission as Major General in the Colonial Army, although at that time not given any particular troops under his command. Within a few days later he met Washington at Philadelphia, and immediately the spark of friendship was kindled, which became more and more intimate between those two men and which proved such a tremendous advantage and solace to them both while both of them remained on earth. Time will not permit tonight to dwell upon the next two years' activities of Lafayette in the army. We know he fought valiantly at Brandywine, and suflFered a rather severe wound in the leg which confined him in the hospital for a few weeks; that he fought, too, 80 Address by Mr. Charles A. DeCourcy. with distinction at Gloucester, Barren Hill, Monmouth, and else- where. In December of that year — 1777 — he was appointed to the com- mand of the Virginia Division of the Continental Army. In the winter of lyyy-iy'/S he shared with Washington the privations and hardships of Valley Forge. He was placed in charge of that impracticable contemplated expedition to Canada that grew out of the Conway Cabal. During the disagreements that arose with the ill-starred Comte D'Estaigne's expedition, especially in con- nection with the siege of Newport, his intervention was invaluable in keeping alive good feelings between the Americans and their allies. And then late in the fall of 1778, disinclined to spend the long, dreary winter in camp inactive, he asked leave to go back to France to see his wife and child, to whom he had not had a chance to bid farewell when he came, and to get that assistance which onlv he could obtain in France, because, as we shall see, in the spring of 1778 the treaty of alliance had been formed between France and America, and no longer was France a neutral in our war. In passing this furlough, Congress passed a resolution which tells in its own way the appreciation held by our people of what those two years by Lafayette meant to the American cause. And here are the resolutions: "Resolved, That the marquis de la Fayette, major gen- eral in the service of the United States, have leave to go to France ; and that he return at such time as shall be most convenient to him. "Resolved, That the president write a letter to the mar- quis de la Fayette, returning him the thanks of Congress for that disinterested zeal which led him to America, and for the services he hath rendered to the United States by the exertion of his courage and abilities on many signal occasions. "Resolved, That the minister plenipotentiary of the United States of America of the court of Versailles be di- rected to cause an elegant sword, with proper devices to be made and presented, in the name of the United States, to the marquis de la Fayette." That ends the first period of our hero's services in America. La- fayette sailed from this port of Boston on the nth of January, 81 Lafayette Day in Boston 1779. You will remember the treaty of alliance had been carried through between France and America the April before. And now Lafayette spent a year in his own land, in 1779, doing such invaluable service to the colonies as no other living man could have done. This was due to his friendship with his king, the offi- cers of the ministry, the strong love and affection home towards him by the entire French people. They wxre troubled days not only here but in France, and it required the unremitting efforts of Franklin and of Lafayette to obtain from time to time from France the needed funds for carrying on operations here. It was during that year that he took up with the Minister of Foreign Affairs — Comte de Vergennes — a plan for a second expedition to America, and in every way aided in whatever could be done to help the en- feebled cause of the colonists. And when he came back to America in the spring of 1780 he came bringing tiding to Washington that ships and troops were promised him and soon would be on their way to our shores. And, indeed, in the July following there came Comte de Rochambeau with a fleet of seven ships of the line and two frigates, convoying transports with more than 5,000 soldiers. Unfortunately, the second expedition which was promised, and which was really needed to make the first one effective for any operations here, could not be sent by reason of the then condition in France, and even the fleet sent over with Rochambeau was penned up in Narragansett Bay by the new fleet that come over from England. Now we go to 1780, after he came back. I think it is not too much to say that that year, from the summer of 1780 to the sum- mer of 1781, was the darkest time of the many dark days of our revolution. Sir Henry Clinton was in New York with 12,000 well- equipped troops, many of them Germans, making it impossible for the colonials of the Northern and Southern States to cooperate with their forces; and against him Washington, with his 3,000 discouraged patriots, hung on the heights of the Hudson River. Tn the Southern States Cornwallis was at the head of superior forces. Lord Roydon was holding Charleston; the traitor Arnold was ravishing Virginia; Gates had been routed at Camden, and Dc Kalb had been killed. And against this overwhelming loss, I-afdyette and Green and Morgan fought the fight with fearful 82 Address by Mr. Charles A. DeCourcy. odds. How hopeless the condition of the colonists was at that time cannot be better expressed than in the words of the great Washington in a letter which he wrote in April of 1781 to Col. John Laurens, whom he had sent over to France for additional aid. He wrote: "If France delays a timely and powerful aid in the crit- ical posture of our affairs, it will avail us nothing should she attempt it hereafter. We are at this hour suspended in the balance ; not from choice, but from hard and absolute necessity; and you may rely on it as a fact, that we cannot transport the provisions from the States in which they are assessed to the army, because we cannot pay the teamsters, who will no longer work for certificates. It is ecjually cer- tain that our troops are approaching fast to nakedness, and that we have nothing to clothe them with ; that our hospitals are without medicines and our sick without nutriment ex- cept such as well men eat; and that our public works are at a stand, and the artificers disbanding. But why need I run into detail, when it may be declared in a word, that we are at the end of our tether, and that now or never our de- liverance must come." And on June 16 that same year, Rochambeau wrote to the Comte rie Grasse, who had charge of the French fleet then in the West Indies, as follows : "General Washington has about a handful of men — this country has been driven to bay, and all its resources are given out at last. The Continental money has been annihi- lated." And he urged with all the force he had upon the Admiral to come up from the West Indies with his fleet, to bring with him such land forces as he could gather in order that the country might be saved. What answer did France make to this demand? France, which at that time had a treasury almost in a bankrupt condition herself, in response to the urgent request of Col. Laurens, advanced 6,000,000 livres tournois, in addition to 8,000,000 which were bor- rowed by us, but only on the guarantee of the French government. Comte de Grasse left the West Indies on the 5th of August, bring- ing with him a fleet of twenty-eight ships, bringing with him all 83 Lafayette Day in Boston the land forces he could borrow from the Islands, and after he had pledged his own personal responsibility for the necessary- money to pay the expenses. When he was off the coast of Vir- ginia he met the English fleet of about equal size — twenty ships and seven frigates. The Admiral's men used to say of de Grasse : "Our Admiral is six feet tall on ordinary days, and six feet six on battle days." And so the English found. In a fight on Septem- ber 5th he sunk the Terrible of seventy-four guns, he sunk the 40-gun frigates Iris and Richmond, he compelled the British fleet to retreat to New York, and then he blocked Cornwallis from escape by sea from the position where he had entrenched himself at Yorktown and Gloucester. (Applause). In the meantime, Washington, wnth the instincts of a military genius, knowing that de Grasse was coming to Yorktown, got word to Rochambeau in Rhode Island to bring his 7,000 men overland and meet him at King's Bridge, New York. There they went through the pretence of preparing for an attack on Clinton, in New York, and they so completely deceived him that he did not know until they were well on their way overland to Virginia what their plan was, and it was then too late for him to go to the aid of Cornwallis. The artillery for seige purposes, which had been brought over from France by Rochambeau, was brought around by water in time for the siege. In the meantime, Lafayette, acting under the orders of Washington, had so posted his troops that the British army was held fast on the land side. And this, by-the-way, was the last movement of his as an independent commander in America. And then under the lead of Washington, ably seconded by the veteran of sieges, Rochambeau, aided by the brilliant French- man, none the less brave than LaFayette himself, began that seige of Yorktown which culminated on the 19th of October, 1781, in the surrender of Cornwallis with 8,000 men, 800 sailors, 214 guns and 22 flags. (Applause). After the fall of Yorktown, of which I will speak more in a moment, Lafayette again obtained leave to spend the winter in France. And that leave was granted again by resolutions of Con- gress in these w^ords : "Resolved, That Major General the marquis de la Fa}'-- ette have permission to go to France; and that he return at such time as shall be most convenient to him : 84 Address by Mr. Charles A. DeCourcy. "That he be informed, that on a review of his conduct throughout the past campaign, and particularly during the period in which he had the chief command in Virginia, the many new proofs which present themselves of his zealous attachment to the cause he has espoused, and of his judg- ment, vigilance, gallantry and address in its defence, have greatly added to the high opinion entertained by Congress of his merits and military talents : "Ordered. That the superintendent of finance furnish the marquis de la Fayette with a proper conveyance to France." And there came from the French Minister of War on the 5th day of December, 1781, a letter which in part is as follows: "The King having been informed, sir, of the military skill of which you have given repeated proof in the com- mand of the various army corps intrusted to you in Amer- ica, of the wisdom and prudence which have marked the services that you have performed in the interest of the United States, and of the confidence which you have won from General Washington, his Majesty has charged me to announce to you that the commendations which you most fully deserve have attracted his notice, and that your con- duct and your success have given him, sir, the most favor- able opinion of you, such as you might wish him to have, and upon which you may rely for his future good will. His Majesty, in order to give you a particular and flattering mark of favor, promises you the rank of Marechal de Camp in his armies, to be enjoyed by you after the war in America shall be ended, at such time as you shall leave the service of the United States to return to that of His Majesty. "By virtue of this decision, you will be considered as Marechal de Camp from the date of the surrender of Gen- eral Cornwallis after the siege of Yorktown, on the 19th of October of the present year, in view of the fact that you then held that rank in the army of the United States ot America." That ended Lafayette's military services. He sailed from the port of Boston on the 23rd day of December, 1781, a General, 24 years of age. This is not the occasion to dwell upon the stir- ring and romantic life of Lafayette after he returned to his own land — his efforts during the French Revolution, and indeed later in the uprising of 1830, his refusal to bend the knee to Napoleon 85 Lafayette Day in Boston when he sought autocratic control, his sufferings in the dungeons of Prussia and Austria, and his position as a trusted leader of the French people up to the very day of his death in 1834. But we may spend a moment in recalling the fact that he came back to us — first in October of 1784, when at the invitation of Washington he came back to visit — and it was during that visit, by-the-way, that the third anniversary of the fall of Yorktown was celebrated in this historic hall, with General Lafayette the guest of honor, and the officials of the city and the State doing honor to him. (Applause). He came again, as you know, when he was along in years — some 65 or 66 years of age — in 1824 — At that time, in response to a request of President Monroe, issued upon the orders of Con- gress. Then he spent a year among us, Vv'hich was one continued ovation given by the American people in recognition of his invalu- able services during the Revolution. And there again we are re- minded that it was during that visit that he was present and actu- ally laid the cornerstone at Bunker Hill Monument on the 17th of June, 1825, and Daniel Webster, the orator of that occasion, took occasion to address him in these words : "Fortunate, fortunate man ! with what measure of de- votion will you not thank God for the circumstances of your extraordinary life ! You are connected with both hemispheres and with two generatons. Heaven saw fit to ordain, that the electric spark of liberty should be conducted, through you, from the New World to the Old, and we, who are now here to perform this duty of patriotism, have all of us long ago received it in charge from our fathers to cherish your name and your virtues." (Applause). What further need of eulogy? The best eulogy we can give for that aid he rendered us in the Revolution is this plain story of his life among us, and the best evidence of our grateful affection is the fact that from that day to this his name has been enshrined ni the hearts of the American people alongside that of the sainted Washington. (Applause). History records no character that surpasses him for love of liberty, romantic chivalry, unbounded generosity and unwavering devotion. The surrender of Bourgoyne at Yorktown virtually secured the 86 Address by Mr. Charles A. DeCourcy. independence of America. As Tarleton wrote in his History of the Campaigns, this "superiority at sea proved a strength to the enemies of Great Britain, deranged the plans of her generals, dis- heartened the courage of her friends, and finally confirmed the independence of America." The elated French and Spanish na- tions planned a mighty campaign against England which rendered it advisable for her to conclude with us a treaty of peace; it was largely in consequence of that growing zeal from Yorktown that England began negotiations for peace, and the very next year after Yorktown, under Lord Shelburne's ministry, the independ- ence of the United States was acknowledged. (Applause). In recognizing the invaluable aid rendered by the Marquis de Lafayette, we are not unmindful of the credit due to the other brilliant Frenchmen who came to our assistance, and to the great country of which they were citizens. Unquestionably it was the participation of France in the war of independence that made American liberty possible in the i8th century. When, in 1778, following the decisive victory at Saratoga, she made the treaty of alliance v/ith the colonists, the conflict ceased to be one for the suppression of a mutiny, and became a war between the British Monarchy on the one hand and the American people and the King of France on the other. The outcome of that was settled at York- town. From an almost bankrupt treasury France gave millions of pounds to supply our urgent needs, and she gave the blood of her best sons to carry on our battles — and she never once reminded us of the debt we owed her. (Applause). Today America, in common with other civilized nations, owes to France another great debt. Four years ago the autocratic mili- tary caste of Prussia undertook to carry out its long-cherished plan of dominating the world by force. They openly violated every accepted rule of international law, they trod under foot every ob- ligation of humanity, they resorted to every method of fiendish, scientific savagery. And France — France of Jofifre and of Foch, the same France as the France of Lafayette and Rochambeau — met the shock with characteristic bravery and self-sacrifice. For a long time we were blind to the fact that France and her allies, in fighting for the liberty of Europe, were defending our liberty as v;ell. Now it has been demonstrated that if we were not war- «7 Lafayette Day in Boston ring in France today we would be defending ourselves against that same tyranny on our own soil, in the midst of ruin and bloodshed. (Applause). America at last has resolved to sacrifice, if need be, her last man, her last dollar, her last mite of energy and resources, to see to it that the end, and the final end, comes to this menace of mili- tary tyranny (Applause) ; let us see to it that at the same time the old debt to the protector of our national childhood is paid at last (Applause) ; let us see to it that France has restored to her every foot of her terrtitory, including Alsace-Lorraine (Applause) ; let us see to it that she is fully recompensed for all the sacrifices and all the suffering and the loss she has sustained (Applause) ; let us not rest until we can assure for her a future of safety to carry out, in her own way, in peace and happiness, her own salva- tion. (Applause). This is a good day, my friends, to remember. We owe it to the founders of the Republic and we owe it to ourselves to see to it that we repay in full, generously, joyfully, the debt we owe to France for making possible liberty in America in the eighteenth century, and for all she suffered to preserve freedom, self-govern- ment and Christian civilization in the twentieth century. (Great applause). Ex-Gov. Bates: The next speaker was born in Ohio. He graduated from our military academy at West Point in 1876, in the centennial year, and from that day to this, so far as I can re- call, America has never had any scrap with anybody that he has not participated in it. (Applause). He went against the Sioux Indians in the Powder River campaign the year that he gradu- ated — 1876 and 1877; and he went against the Bannocks in 1878. And then you will remember that we had some trouble with Spain, and he was a participant in that struggle. Then we had trouble, if you recall, as the result of an insurrection in the Philippines, and he was one of the officers who were sent to put down that insur- rection ; and it was put down. And then we had trouble in Pekin, and nobody knew what was going to happen there, and he was sent' with the officers that were sent with the American forces to the relief of Pekin. And now I present to you a gallant officer of an invincible army — Major-General William Crozier, Commanding Northeastern Department. (Great applause). 88 The Battle of the Marne Address by Major-General William Crozier, U. S. A. Ladies and gentlemen : There are many kinds of satisfaction in receiving that kind of an introduction. One kind which occurs to me is that it gives me at least one characteristic in common with that which General Grant said that he himself possessed. In speaking of the Mexican war he stated in his memoirs that he had to confess that that war would probably have turned out just as it did if he had not taken any part in it. Here I shall be obliged to state that these different incidents in which our government and its military forces have been engaged, which your presiding officer has been kind enough to refer to me in connection with, would have had the same kind of termination if I had not been there as a party to your forces. I have been asked to speak to you this evening about the Battle of the Marne. At this time, with the war still upon us and with many of the actors of that battle still intensely occupied in the prosecution of the war, it is difficult to put together an accurate account of it and to answer all the questions that occur in connec- tion with it, which in their entirety will afford an answer to the great question as to why that momentous engagement turned out as it did turn out rather than to turn out differently. There are, however, certain outstanding facts which are well known — at least, they can be well known to one who has studied them — and which give us a general idea such as we can be content with until we get the more complete knowledge which will come from the disclosure of the information which is until now held in the offices of the general staffs, particularly of France and of Germany. Among those things which of course can be well known, and which are well known to most of us and to most of this audience, is the character of the theatre of war — the north-eastern part of France and of Belgium. The salient features of that theatre are the boundary line of France on the eastern and northeastern side. The boundary line between France and Belgium commences at Switzerland and runs in a northerly and somewhat westerly direc- tion for about 200 miles, into what is practically the southernmost end of Belgrum. From that point it turns at an angle and run^ 89 Lafayette Day in Boston approximately northwest for about 200 miles to the North Sea, Paris is situated a little south of west of the point of the angle — that is, the northern extremity of the eastern boundary between France and Germany — and distant from the boundary line about 200 miles. It is situated about 125 miles southwest of the nearest ])oint of the northwestern part of this frontier — that is, the divid- ing line between France and Belgium. Before the war, in expectation of which France and Germany liad been confronting each other along these two frontiers for a number of years, France had made preparations which consisted primarily in the maintenace of two armies near the eastern fron- tier, so disposed that they could be mobilized or concentrated in about three days. No adequate preparation had been made by France to repel an invasion which might take place along the frontier dividing France from Belgium. The fortifications, few in number, along that frontier, had not been kept in efficient con- dition. No new fortifications had been established, and those actually in existence had been allowed to lapse into a state of com- parative inefficiency. There was no lack of citizens of France who were dissatisfied with this treatment of that frontier, but never- theless it was the treatment which the French government thought Avas justified under the circumstances. The reliance of the French government was upon inernational law with regard to this frontier. That law should have safeguarded France from invasion through the neutral territory of Belgium. Her friends were well aware of the advantage which an advance through Belgium would give to (jermany, and perhaps their attachment of a sufficient value to the protection of international law rested upon the fact that there had been recently concluded a convention covering this subject, more solemn and more formal than any which had up to that time been agreed upon between the nations of the world. At the Peace Con- ference at the Hague in 1899 there was concluded, among other treaties, the convention of the laws of war on land, to which all the parties to this war were signatories. This convention declared that the territor}'^ of neutral countries in war should be inviolate. Tt was the first convention for the laws of war on land which had ever been agreed upon internationally. Up to that time no nation except the United States had even a code of the laws of war on Address by Major-General William Croaier, U. S. A. land for the government of its armies, and those laws were in the main such as a commander of armies in the field would choose to interpret them to be, or would interpret them to be under such compulsion as he felt normally subject to. Now for the first time France felt that she did not have to rely alone on Germany's interpretation of this particular feature of international law, but that she had a support for it which justified her in running a risk of which she well appreciated the consequence of a mistake in. The sanction of international law will necessarily form a serious subject of discussion at the conclusion of the pres- ent war. On August 3d, Germany declared war on France and invaded Belgium. On the 7th of August the German forces entered Liege, about 200 miles northeast of Paris. The French forces at this time consisted principally of five armies, numbered from the eastward, or the right flank, from one to five consecutively. Two of these armies — the first and second — afterwards fought facing approxi- mately to the eastward from Verdun, with their line extending in a southeasterly direction. The remaining armies were extended to the westward and took part in the Battle of the Marne. The German forces consisted of eight armies in principal com- position, numbered from their right also — that is, from the west- ward — from one to eight consecutively. The first five of these took part in what we call the Battle of the Marne ; the other three faced the first and second French armies to the southeastward of Verdun. The resistance of the Belgians, unexpected to the Ger- mans, gave a sufficient time to the French to particularly concentrate their armies in Belgium, where they had not expected to concen- trate them.. Behind the two armies which were kept in readiness for mobilization on the eastern frontier and which I have just spoken about, it was intended to form a third army, a large anny. which should be used as the initial incidents of the war should in- dicate was necessary. This army was prepared with reference to an invasion of the Eastern front, and all the movements were pre- pared in reference to that invasion. It therefore required a very considerable time to change those preparations, which consisted of volumes of instructions and all information in regard to what they were to do, which were disseminated among the various people who 9^ Lafayette Day in Boston were to take part in their execution, and also to make new dispo- sitions of the various accumulations of means of transport and of supplies, so that these could form a part of the equipment of an army to be concentrated in this unexpected place in Belgium, to the northward. But, as I stated, the resistance of the Belgians gave sufficient time for this concentration to be effected to such an extent that the French were able to give battle to the Germans on the 23rd or 24th of August at Charleroi, about 140 miles northeast of Paris and almost in a direct line between Paris and Liege, which the Germans had entered on the 7th of August. I mention these places, giving distance and direction from Paris, not because Paris was the first object of the German army but because the position of Paris, being well known, I can by this means refresh your ideas of the location about which I am speak- ing. The first object of the German army — the great object of the <"ierman army — was of course the French army and its destruction or demoralization so that it should no longer count as a factor in the war, and Germany and Austria could then be free to turn their attention to their larger but less advanced adversary in the east — that is, Russia. General JofTre was not yet ready to try the issue with Germany at the time of the Battle of Charleroi; the issue would undoubtedly have gone against France seriously if it had been pushed at that time. Therefore, he broke off that battle and fell back, and two days later the French fell back still further, accompanied by the British, who in the meantime had been landed in France to the ex- tent of about 70,000 men. About this time. August 25th, General I off re announced the plan of the fonnation of two new armies for rhe purpose of forming what he called maneuvering troops, to operate in the neighlx)rhood of his left or western flanks. These two armies were the sixth, under General Maunoury, and the sev- enth under General Foch. This seventh army by some curious confusion is sometimes spoken of as the ninth army, and in read- ing about the war it may avoid obscurity by remembering that fad — that General Foch was put in command in the early part of the war of what is sometimes called the seventh army and sometimes the ninth army. General Joffre planned that his army must con- tinue to fall back until these two new armies had been collected Q2 Address by Major-Ceneral William Crosier, U. S. A. logfther, partly by transferring trops from the other armies to the new organization and partly by the collection of soldiers from the body of the republic. He had not at the time of the Battle of Charleroi really determined the place where his final stand should be made, but he knew it was farther to the rear, somewhere near the vicinity of the Aisne or the Marne, or perhaps even as far back as the Seine. In pursuance of this plan he directed his armies to fall back until they got into what was finally the field of the series of contests which have received the name of the Battle of the Marne. This field extended from Paris almost due east for about 150 miles to Vitry-le Francois, and from that point it extended in a northeasterly direction to Verdun. Of course these were not the lines upon which the armies met exactly, they were not the battle lines at all ; but they mark the direction and the extent of that zone of territory which can be considered in general the battle field. The French armies which took part in this battle extended from Verdun toward Paris southerly and westerly in a great loop which dipped to the southward. The German advance had been, after the Battle of Charleroi, extremely rapid and along lines which spread out in something like a fan shape. They had brought General von Kluck's forces to within 25 miles of Paris, to a place called Senlis, almost to the north of Paris. Here he found himself somewhat separated from the army of General von Buelow almost to the eastward of him — the second army. The other armies were distributed between that point in facing the French army in the direction of Verdun. In these conditions General von Kluck found that he was too far from the army next to the eastward of him — General von Buelow's army. He apprehended that he was also very considerably to the westward of the left of the French anny. which he thought was well to the eastward of Paris and which he thought also consiste of. Miss. Helen Eyraud.aa the: tricolor with-Miss Rose Vergez as "Alsace." and Miss Louise Vergez as "Lorraine" while Miss Antoinette Bal- lade as "France," sang the. "Marseillaise." Louis Sentous, French Consul, gave, a comprehensive and--. stimulating ireview of the accomplishment of Lafayette, showing the wonderful scope .of his effort and. its direct application to the present conflict and this nation's devotion to the libert}'- of the world. His words evoked the warm response in the hearts of his hearers'. Judge. Benjamin. Franklin BeldDse followed in an impassioned appreciation- of Lafayette based on the eulogy given , by-John QuincyAdanrs in- 1834 which proved, to^be largely pro- phetic of the conditions- today. George S. Patton,.a descendant of Washington was then introduced.. He spoke on "American - Lafayette's" saying in- part :. "Any man.- who advocates, a peace. without a final victory or a peace not dictated, by the Allies is . a traitor to the country. Any pacifism- in America until we finally win would make all' that has been done in vain." Father Johnson concluded the speaking' with an appeal for • constant support of the war and a firm adherence to the Allies ; ke urged, a greater recognition of what the French nation hadl-: 115.. Lafayette Day in Chicago. done and what Lafayette stood for in this struggle. At the close of the exercises the assembly sang the "Star Spangled Banner." Those in charge of the above programme were Doctor Alliot, Pierson W. Banning and General Charles Henry Whipple, U. S. A., retired, and the musical programme was directed by Maestro Edward Lebegott. CHICAGO, ILL. Lafayette Day was observed in Chicago at the United States Government Exposition, the day being known as "France and Allies Day". Edouard de Billy, Deputy High Commissioner of the French Republic was the speaker of the day. In his address which was devoted mainly to Lafayette, he said : "What Lafayette sowed in his valiant fighting during your Revolutionary War, France gloriously reaps today in the fighting equally valiant, of your men under General Pershing. "Both wars were struggles for liberty. This one, great- er in scope, extends to many more peoples and to more countries, and involves armies more powerful, but the es- sential principle is the same — freedom, for which your coun- try and my country stand." Mr. de Billy was introduced by Charles S. Hutchinson. He was followed by A. Barthelmy, Consul of France, to whose speech a response was made by Dean Shailer Matthews of the University of Chicago. Messages were read from President Poincare and Marshal Joffre. Miss Nannette Marchand and Miss Ruth Leslie, flanked by a soldier and a sailor sang the "Marseillaise" and the "Star Spangled Banner." At the same time, Mr. de Billy, on behalf of France, presented to the organized labor of Chicago one of the famous French 75's — A Marne veteran. A large reception was held at the Art Institute where over a thousand paintings from the brushes of French soldier artists were exhibited. The works were painted during rest periods and between service in the trenches. 116 Lafayette Day in Nezu Orleans, Portland, Little Rock NEW ORLEANS, LA. Governor Pleasant and Mayor Behrman issued official proclama- tions designating Lafayette Day as "Tag Day" of the Secours Louisianais a la France in celebration of the Lafayette-Marne an- niversary. Nobles of the Mystic Shrine organized a large parade in which three large bands featured in addition to the West End Naval Band and the Algiers Naval Band. The parade toured the business sections of the city. PORTLAND, OREGON. The life of Marquis de Lafayette and his influence in the American war of the Revolution, the Battle of the Marne and the reciprocation of America's debt to France in the present war, were rehearsed in story and essay by children of the schools in celebra- tion of Lafayette--Marne Day. At the grammar schools and at Franklin, Jefferson, Washing- ton and Lincoln High Schools the students observed the day with patriotic programs. LITTLE ROCK, ARK. A large audience joined in singing the French national hymn "Marseillaise", the opening number on the program at a celebration of Lafayette's Birthday at the Scottish Rite consistory. The song was led by the consistory choir and the exercises closed with the "Star Spangled Banner". Selections were given by the 162nd De- pot Brigade Band under the direction of Sergeant R. L. Lesem. Addresses were made by Major Happe of the French Mission ; ]\Iajor Charles E. Taylor, Governor Brough and George A. Mc- Connell of the Four Minute Men. Fay Hempstead, chairman of the celebration, recited an original poem "To Lafayette", Mrs. H. A. Tune gave a solo selection of "Joan of Arc", an organ rendition of "America" vv'ith chimes accompaniment was particularly pleading as was a tableau representing Columbia honoring Lafayette. Guests 117 Lafayette'- Day in Nashville, Squirrel Island and Beaumont of the occasion were Colonel Miller of Camp Pike and members- of the French Mission. NASHVILLE, TENN. ' An interesting, and appropriate: program was given at the Court House in memory of Lafayette. under the"- Women's Committee of the Council of National Defense. The program included patriotic songs by the Liberty Chorus, vocal solos and duets, readings and a talk on "The Belgian Orphans" by the Rev. W. W. Akers and Pro- fessor R. K. Morgang^veaninterestmg talk^on Lafayette and our debt to France. The exercises closed with the singing of "America".. SQUIRREL ISLAND, MAINE. Lafayette Day. was observed here with- fitting exercises.- The islanders gathered at the Casina and opened the exercises bysing- ino- the" "Star Spangled Banner". This was followed. by the reading, of a poem on "Lafayette" by Mrs. John Oldham of Wellesley Hills, Mass. The audience sang "Rally Round the Flag" and Alexander Doyle sang the "Battle" Hymn of- the -Republic". An address was made by Daniel Stanwood of Augusta, regarding his experience with American boys who joined the British Army fighting for an ideal as Lafayette had'done here.a century or more ago. Miss Elsa Reed of New York City then ' sang the "Marseillaise". Dr. George S. Dickerman of New Haveri, Conn., made an interesting comparison- of the ideals of Lafayette and' Frederick the Great and the ideals that the armies are fighting for today. The exercises concluded withthe- singing" of "Am'erica'' by the- audi'en'ce.; BEAUMONT, TEXAS. The spirit of the gallant and liberty-loving Lafayette pervaded. Magnolia Park, when the Orphans of America sang for the Orphans. ii8 " Lafayette Day in Cmcinnati of P>ance. The entire celebration was in charge of Garland S. Brickley, general manager of the Chamber of Commerce. The opening address was made by Major O. C. Giiessaz in command of troops stationed. at Beaumont. He paid a glo\ying tribute to the gallant Frenchman who came to.the-rescue of the American colonies and explained to .the people what a gigantic task . the Allies had undertaken but that .the r: strife must continue with all, the forces at command untih.Kaiserism- had been-.stamped from the , face of the earth. Alfred ■DuPerier, a descendant of-ihe French .colonists in Amer- ica, recounted the hardships through which the American army passed in 1776 in which they were joined by Lafayette. Mrs. W. G. Loveli, "mother" of the French war orphans adopted by Jefferson County, made a brief address describing the condi- tions which confrontedthe orphans Qf bleeding France and how necessary that sympathy for them should be crystalized into some concrete form. Community singing was, led by : Mr..; Brickley, and Tom J.'i^mb. ■ "CINCINNATI; OHIO. While there was no general observance of Lafayette Day in Cincinnati, yet the simple but fitting ceremony at Fountain Square had a far-reaching effect. In the very simplicity of the ceremony lay its chief merit. The sounding of "Taps" (proclaimed by Major Calvin) has a significant meaning and when promptly at 5:30 the clarion- notes of the bugles sounded, the- hurrying crowd around "Fountain Square stopped, traffic was momentarily hushed and with bared heads the people stood until the notes of the bugles died/away. This was a fitting testimonial to thei memory of- the 'immortal Lafayette and the American boys who are fighting- in France. It was in keeping with the nature of 'this great patriot, .who.- when our country 'was in »peril, gave to us the strength of hiswisdom, his wealth and -courage so that this land should forever be free. The debt we owe to France is being paid and we are fighting in his be- loved land so that France and the world may have the freedom .that Lafayette helped us to gain. T 19 Lafayette Day in Seattle, St. Paul and Richmond SEATTLE, WASH. Lafayette Day was fittingly observed by a program given in Douglas Hall under the auspices of "L'Union Francaise and Al- saciens-Lorrains. American, French and Belgian soldiers and sail- ors sang the "Marsiellaise" and the "Star Spangled Banner". Judge Thomas Burke, the chairman, introduced Judge Fred V. Brown, the principal speaker, in addition to which historical tableaux were presented by the women of L'Union Francaise and several songs sung by Mrs. Lida Schirmer, accompanied by Mrs. Ethel Wood Hildreth. ST. PAUL, MINN. A tableau was given at the Fair Grounds under the joint direc- tion of the St. Paul and Minneapolis Committee for the Fatherless Children of France. Miss Alica Forepaugh was in charge of the St. Paul Committee while Miss Mary Cutler of Minneapolis directed the tableaus. RICHMOND, VA. Impressive ceremonies were held in the auditorium of the John Marshall School when the flag was presented to the City of Rich- mond by August Simonpietri, Franch Consular Agent, on behalf of Ambassador Jusserand, as a material symbol of honor for the old dominion. Besides the address of the personal representative of Ambassador Jusserand, addresses were delivered by Mayor George Ainslie, Col. LeRoy Hodges and Captain Veissieres, a French Mili- tary Instructor at Camp Lee. Captain Veissieres chose as his topic "The Miracle of the Marne," while that of Col. LeRoy Hodges was on the Marquis de Lafayette. Mayor Ainslie gave an outline of the war activities of Richmond. William R. Meredith presided. 120 Lafayette Day in Indianapolis, Atlanta and Athens INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Thousands participated in the celebration of Lafayette-Marne Day at the monument circle under the auspices of the War Com- munity Service. The celebration was in the form of a community sing which opened with the singing of "America". The exercises closed with the singing of the "Marseillaise". Claris Adams made a short speech. The exercises were brief but filled with the deep appreciation and gratitude America feels toward France. ATLANTA, GA. The birthday of Lafayette was celebrated in Georgia in accord- ance with a proclamation by Governor Hugh N. Dorsey. Exer- cises were held at Piedmont Park in Atlanta, where military bands from Camps Gordon and Jessup furnished the music and the High School girls of the City sang the "Marseillaise". General Sage of Camp Gordon and representatives of the French and British armies were the guests of honor. The celebration was arranged by the Daughters of the American Revolution of which Mrs. Charles S. Rice is the regent. Major Riviers delivered an address on the Battle of the Marne and Doctor N. Ashby Jones on Lafayette. ATHENS, GA. Athens fittingly observed Lafayette-Marne Day at the Octagon on the University of Georgia Campus. A monster parade was held previous to the exercises in which the pupils of the public school, college students and citizens generally took part. The stage at the Octagon was artistically decorated with American and French f^ags and a picture of Lafayette was hung in the centre of the stage. Addresses were delivered by Judge Andrew H. Cobb, Lieutenant Andrew Uhlmann of the French Army and Lieutenant Walter Griffith. 121 Lafayette Day in Hartford, Berkeley and Jersey City HARTFORD, CONN. The celebration was given under the auspices of the Bridge- port War Bureau at Lafayette Park. The Faetana Band ren- dered appropriate selections while Miss Esther Berg sang the "Marceillaise." Attorney T. L. Cullinan and Hon. George W. Wheeler, chairman of the Executive Committee of the War Bu- reau presided, and Doctor John F. Coyle was the principal speaker. The Four Minute speakers paid tribute to the hero of France and the Battle of the Marne at all the theatres of the city. BERKELEY, CAL. Lafayette Day was observed by the University of California. The French flag was flown from the University flag pole, and the chimes of the Saher Tower played the Marseillaise. JERSEY CITY, N. J. A committee of lOO was organized for the celebration at La- fayette Park in Jersey City. A detachment of 150 French sail- ors participated. Tableaus were presented by the Elks' Club while the Police Quartet sang and Miss Adele Rankin gave a number of patriotic songs. Commissioner A. Harry Moore also succeeded in obtaining a number of short reel moving pictures of a patriotic nature which were shown between the tableaus and the singing. 122 Lafayette Day in Bayonne and Seattle BAYONNE, N. J. With a parade fully a mile long in which several thousand marchers took part Lafayette Day was appropriately observed in Bayonne. It was reviewed by Mayor Pierre P. Garben and Commissioners M. T. Cronin, Hugh A. Mara and Horris Rober- son along with Col. Arthur Orme. School Trustee Thomas Kernan, Alfred Beling, William Os- bahr and Harry Levy marched in the procession, as did J. T. R. Proctor, head of the Four-Minute Men, and Rev. Stephen Crock- ett, Rev. Ben Turner, G. G. Sleesmar and John J. Hickey, Four- Minute speakers. School Trustee Edward Zeller marched at the head of a com- pany of Home Guard men which he commands. Among the floats which attracted m.uch attention was one entitled "Joan of Arc," also several hundred Red Cross workers marched in line. Another feature of the Bayonne celebration was the dedica- tion of the Lafayette monument, at which Governor Edge and Captain Walter K. Harris were the principal speakers. Gov- ernor Edge briefly summed up the sacrifices Lafayette had made for America. He ended by voicing the following hope : "May the American defenders of France, as many of them as possible, live to return to the bosoms of their families and afterward to observe the fruits of their unstinted courage and generous patriotism. For this fruit will be world-wide de- mocracy, where Lafayette's was national democracy, and these defenders are showing themselves to be worthy of this heritage of Lafayette." SEATTLE, V7ASH. Lafayette Day was celebrated in Seattle by the staging of tableaus by the French organizations and Belgian Club of the City. Soldiers and sailors from Washington training camps as- sisted. The organizations participating were I'Union Francaise de Victoria, B. C, and the new Belgian Club. Mme. Isabelle Mack, president of I'Union Francaise was in charge of the cele- bration. 123 Lafayette Day in Albany, Buffalo and Auburn ALBANY, N. Y. The birthday of Lafayette and the Allied victory of the Marne were celebrated in the public schools at Albany, N. Y. Dr. Jones, Superintendent of Schools, requested all the prin- cipals to explain in the classrooms what Lafayette did, who he was and what the Battle of the Marne meant. Professor Pratt gave an informal talk at the High School on the same subject. BUFFALO, N. Y. Lafayette Day ws; celebrated by a rousing rally at Lafayette Square, which was named for the French hero. Capt. Hamilton Ward was the principal speaker and after sketching the debt of gratitude this country owes to Lafayette ended his talk by calling upon the people to buy war stamps in Lafayette Square on Lafayette Day as they had never done before. The orchestra played the Marseillaise and Charles L. Mache led the singing by the people. Mrs. Katherine Finnigan Molter delivered a stirring address. AUBURN, N. Y. Under the joint auspices of Cayuga County Historical So- ciety, Daughters of American Revolution, Chamber of Commerce and Home Defense Committee, Lafayette Day exercises were held at the High School Assembly Hall at Auburn. New York. The program was begun by the singing of the Star Spangled Banner and were presided over by the Rev. George B. Stewart, Chairman of the Home Defense Committee. Following the sing- ing, the allegiance to the flag was pledged at the entrance of the Allied flags. "America's Prayer." which was sung to the tune of "America," was next rendered by the entire assemblage, after 124 Lafayette Day in Auburn which Rev. Robert Hastings Nicols gave a comprehensive his- tory of the life of Marquis Lafayette. In introducing Mr. Nicols, Doctor Stewart said a few words about the hero of the day and also about the French people of to-day. He said Lafayette was a great man and a great prophet, and America may well be proud of celebrating his birthday. In touching upon present conditions Doctor Stewart said : The Battle of the Marne, the fourth anniversary of which was yes- terday, was a big issue in the war. It pronounced victory for the Allied cause, and it became apparent that the Huns would not eat their Christmas dinner of 1914 in Paris, and it also was decided that they should never eat a Christmas dinner in Paris. Mr. Nicols sketched the life of Lafayette with many inter- esting details, concluding as follows : "He won his place in the world by his unselfish devotion to an ideal, and his name will always live in the hearts and minds of Americans." Doctor Stewart then read a telegram of good-wishes from Ambassador Jusserand as follows : "The spirit of Washington and the spirit of Lafayette are still with us. They inspire their descendants who will win the day as they themselves did in their time." The guests of honor were French naval petty officers. One of the sailors sang the Marseillaise in French after which Second Mate Albert Raymond made an address in his native tongue, a translation of which is as follows : "In the name of the French people we thank you for this splendid reception of our men. This day reminds us of the great day when Lafayette came to this country in 1776, and it also reminds us of the wonderful day when the first American troops landed on French soil in 191 7. After three years of hardships and suffering the weary French have seen America come into the struggle and it gives them new courage to go on. While the Arnericans are helping abroad, the people at home are sacrificing that the French people may have food to eat, and shortly the great cause for right and liberty will be won. While 125 Lafayette Day in Auburn Lafayette Day in Stamford America did not forget the help received in 1776, the French of today will never forget the help given by the United States in 1917." A solo, "Lafayette, I Hear You Calling Me," was then sung by Mrs. William A. Aiken after which General Lafayette's visit to Auburn in 1825 was described by the Rev. John Quincy Adams. The Lafayette Committee in charge was as follows : Charles G. Adams, chairman ; Hon. Mark L Koon, Dr. George B. Stewart, Capt. Harry B. Kidney, Henry D. Hervey, Miss Annette Tilden, Miss Florence M. Webster, Miss Julia C. Ferris, Mrs. Albert H. Clark, E. H. Gohl, John Van Sickle, H. D. Titus, Mr. and Mrs. Jules Meyland, Mrs. Thomas M. Hunt, Mrs. Mar- cella Malcolm, Stephen Hurish, Dominic Jaia, Tony Oropallo, Col. Edgar S. Mosher, Capt. Sidney J. Aubin, John F. McGrath, George B. Turner, William T. Gallt, Dr. Robert Nichols, Capt. A. H. Jones. Grand Marshal of the Day, Col. Edgar S. Mosher with the following aides: Capt. Sidney J. Aubin, Capt. A. H. Jones, Courtney C. Avery, Jules Meyland, Mrs. Marcella Malcolm and assistants. Quartette — Mrs. William A. Aiken, soprano ; Mrs. F. W. Shaver, contralto ; A. L. Hemingway, tenor ; Charles G. Adams, basso ; William H. Adams, pianist. • Ushers — Elbert C. Wixon, John C. O'Brien, Porter Beards- ley, Eugene C. Donovan, George E. Snyder, Fred B. Wills. STAMFORD, CONN. The Lafayette-Marne Day celebration held at Stamford, Conn, under the auspices of the Stamford Vigilance Corps of the Ameri- can Defense Society is worthy of special note. From reports and photographs of the fete, the Stamford celebration was unquestion- ably among the most elaborate and artistic held in the country. The celebration was under the direction of Mr. Arthur W. Cabot, 126 Lafayc'tte Day in Stamford, Conn. president of the Stamford Vigilance Corps. He secured the en- dorsement and support of Mayor John Treat, who later issued a proclamation to the citizens of Stamford officially announcing the fete which was held in the evening. The Mayor also appointed an adjunct Lafayette Committee of citizens to assist Mr. Cabot and among other local organizations co-operating in the celebration were the Daughters of the American Revolution, Stamford Historical Society, the Shubert Club and the Women's Club. The celebration took the form of a street pageant symbolical in character with the participants in costume representing various nationalities and eras. The exercises which followed were extremely artistic and of his- torical value. 127 American Defense Society Meetings AMERICAN DEFENSE SOCIETY MEETINGS. Vigilance Committees of the American Defense Society held or participated in celebrations on Lafayette Day, September 6th, 1918, of the anniversary of Lafayette and the Marne in the following named cities of a total of 201, representing 43 states and the District of Columbia: Alabama Montgomery Arkansas Little Rock California Los Angeles San Jose Sacramento Oakland San Francisco Berkeley Stockton Martinez Hanford Colorado Denver Connecticut Stamford Meridan New London JJew Haven Hartford Kansas Delaware Wilmington Florida Jacksonviile Tampa Gainesville Georyia Riseville Atlanta Rome Albany Buelin Albany Buelin Savannah Augusta Dublin Idahn. Rockford Decatur Peoria Chicag'o Quiney Indianapolis Evansville Ft. Wavne Indiana Ft. Dodge Des Moines Cedar Rapids Webster City Owni Rapid* low* Huntington Topeka Kentucky Louisville Paducah Louisiana Shreveport Alexandria New Orleans Crowley Portland Maine Maryland Baltimore Frederick Masstuhusetts Worcester Beverly Boston Lynn New Bedford Taunton Fall River Lowell Haverhill Westfield Gloucester Attleboro Detroit Bay City Michigan St. Paul St. Cloud Rocliester Mankato Winona Madison Minnesota Vieksbui'E M ifsissippi Carthage Kansas City St. Louis Hannibal Jackson Spingfield Missouri Havre Missoula York Omaha Lincoln Montana yebr(rs':a Reno lonopah Lincoln Nevada New Hampshire Manchester New Jersey Atlantic City Trenton Hoboken Weehawken Asbury Park Newark Camden Elizabeth Bridgeton Perth Amboy Bayonne Jersey City New Mexico Albuquerque Santa Fee E. Las Vegro New York New York City Brooklyn \\'atertown Rome Mt. Vernon White Plains Jamestown Hornell Niagara Falls Syracuse Ithaca iliddietown Rochester Troy Lockport Yonkers Auburn Poughkeepsie New Rochelle Bronx Glens Falls Tonawanda Ballston Spa Utica Buffalo Batavia North Carolina Charlotte Wilmington Greensboro North Dakota New Rockford Bismark Fargo 128 American Defense Society Meetings Canton Youngf-to^m Columbus Cincinnati Dayton Urbana Mansfield Tiffin Ohio Tulsa Muskogee Ol'lahoma Pennsylvania Philadelphia Reading Pittbburg Jlorristown MeiKphis Pottsville Altoona Roanoke Kazelton VV'ilkes-Barre Uoyiestown Vnioutown Erie Lancaster Easton \\'ashington Cambridge Springs Rhode Island Pro^-idenre S»uth Carolina Columbia South Dakota Sioux Fails Mitchell Vorkton Lead Memphis Lafayette Kahiivilie Knoxvilie Bristol Beaumont El Paso Calveston Dallas Houston Austin it. Worth Ogden Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Richmond Lynchburg Petersburg Leesburg Harrisonburg Washinyton Seattle West Virginia V.'heeling Bloomfield Wisconsin Milwaukee Beioit Madison Green Bay Plymouth Sparta Superior Platteville Sheboygen Athens Marinette Dist. oj Colvmbia Washington In the following named cities numbering 74, branches of the Women's Committee of the American Defense Society held celebra- tions on Lafayette Day of the anniversary of Lafayette and the Marne : Donaldionville, La. Freeiand, Pa. El Dorado Springs, Mo. Janesville, Wis. Forsyth, Mont. Riverton, Wyo. Doylestown, Pa. Leechburg, Pa. Brookings, Ind. Weiser, Idaho Afton, Wyo. American Fork, L^tah Sac City, Iowa Blackstone, Va. Norfolk, Neb. Aurora, Ind. Ellis, Kans. Croswell, Mich. Sugar City, Colo. Livingston, Mont. Willsboro, N. Y. Waquoketa, Iowa Ely, Nev. Saint George, Utah Ogdensburg, N. Y. Chinook, Mont. Veedersburg, Ind. Lincoln, Kans. Muskogee, Okla. Whitesboro, Texas Salisbury, Md. Grenada, Miss. Towanda, Pa. Hoopestou, 111. Camden, Ohio Lebanon, N. J. Alameda, Calif. Lake Okabogi, Iowa Cloquet, ilinn. Vancouver, Wash. Sheboygan, Wis. W ilmington, IIL Cambridge Springs, Pa. Apaiachic-ola, Fla. Blowing Rock, N. C. Au Sable Forks, N. Y. Colusa, Calif. Wymore, Nebr. Wichita Falls, Te.x. >iampa, Idaho Summerville, S. C. Lafayette, R. I. Spokane, Wash. Lublin, Ga. Fernandina, Fla. Monessen, Pa. Grafton, N. D. Morgan City, La. Somerviile, N. J. Riverside, R. I. Harriman, Tenn. Clinton, Okla. Ivorth Bend, Ore Rupert, Idaho Davenport, Wash New Hartford, Conn. Bishop, Calif. Jacksonville, Fla Burley, Idaho Hackensack, N. J Milford, Seaside, Ore. Charlestown, W. Va. 129 Lafayette Day in the Camps LAFAYETTE DAY IN THE CAMPS CAMP BEAUREGARD, LOUISIANA A mass meeting for white troops'was held at the camp, Chap- lain Clifton R. Miller, Fifth Infantry, presiding. The Fifth In- fantry Band rendered the music. A prayer was said by Chaplain Thomas L. Kelly, while the Liberty Quartet rendered some se- lections. Mass singing was led by Mr. Frank R. Hancock, and an address made by H. H. White of Alexandria. The cere- monies closed with the singing of "America." At the Base Hospital the presiding officer was Major Donald J. Frick. The prayer was led by Chaplain Stephen R. Wood, while the 29th Infantry Band furnished the music. Mass sing- ing was led by Mr. W. G. Klingman and an address given by Norman Brighton. These ceremonies also closed with the sing- ing of "America." A meeting was also held in the quarantine enclosure by Company K, Development Battalion, where Lieut. F. P. Robin- son presided. Chaplain Gee opened with prayer and the Liberty Quartet sang. The address was made by Norman Brighton. The Labor Battalion held its exercises with Capt. Newman Smith, presiding. Mass singing was led by Rev. Davis of Alex- andria, while the colored Male Glee Club rendered some appro- priate music. The speaker was Rev. J- R. Campbell, of Alex- andria, and an added musical entertainment that of a quartet of colored negro soldiers. CAMP JOHNSON, FLORIDA The soldiers were gathered around the bandstand where the "The Star Spangled Banner" and "Marseillaise" were played, while the commanding officer made appropriate remarks in com- memoration of the Birthday of Lafayette and the Battle of the Marne. Owing to the unfavorable weather, the exercises were very brief. 130 ■ Lafayette Day in the Camps CAMP KEARNEY, CALIFORNIA The troops were paraded by regiment at retreat. Retreat was .sounded and the troops being at attention, the "Marseil- laise" followed by the "Star Spangled Banner" were played. The following sketch on the Life of Lafayette was then read : The Marquis de Lafayette We hear continually, patriotic men of affairs who are sacri- ficing time, money and opportunity to serve not their country alone but the whole world. Today we commemorate the birth of one of the greatest patriots the world ever knew ; one who sacrificed position, wealth, youth and royal favor to help make democracy a fact and not a dream in the world. The Marquis de Lafayette was born September 6th, 1757, in Auvergne, known as the Siberia of France. At the age of thir- teen he was left an orphan, inheriting a vast fortune. As be- tween the life of a courtier and soldier, he chose the latter, sub- jecting himself to the severest training. The thoroughness of his education may be shown in an incident of his youth ; a dif- ference of opinion arose at school as to the exact position of the Athenians and the Persians in the Battle of Plataea. Lafayette set out to find out whether he was right or not in his opinion, and actually went on foot to Marseilles and from there sailed as cabin boy to Greece, Alexandria and Constantinople. At the latter city a French consul caught the young investigator and sent him home. When scarcely eighteen years of age, while captain of the dragoons at the French garrison of Metz, the struggles of the thirteen colonies came to Lafayette's notice, and to quote his own words, "such glorious cause had never before attracted the attention of mankind ; it was the last struggle of Liberty, and had she then been vanquished, neither hope nor asylum would have remained for her. The oppressors and oppressed were to receive a powerful lesson ; the great work was to be accom- plished, or the rights of humanity were to fall beneath its ruins. When I first learned of this quarrel, my heart espoused Avarmly the cause of Liberty, and I thought of nothing but of adding 131 Lafayette Day in the Camps also the aid of my banner. * * * j ventured to adopt for a device on my arms these words "Cur non?" (Why not), that they might equally serve as an encouragement to myself and a reply to others." Then it w^as that the first expeditionary force sailed not to France, but from France. In the spring of 1757, Lafayette bought and secretly equipped a vessel named the Victory, to carry himself and a dozen other officers across the Atlantic. After a seven weeks' voyage, they landed near Charlestown, and a tedious journey of nine hundred miles awaited them. Arriving in Philadelphia, the seat of the government at that time, they presented their credentials. At first Congress did not wholly believe in the disinterested motives of men who had endured untold hardships to help an unknown people, but determined to gain a hearing, Lafayette wrote asking two favors of Congress : "One is that I may serve without pay, at my own expense ; the other that I may be allowed to serve at first as a volunteer." This amazing ofifer secured attention. Immediately the services so generously tendered were accepted and the rank of Major Gen- eral was granted the young Frenchman. And young man he certainly was, so young that he would have missed our draft of the past year. His twentieth birthda\' was celebrated six months after he set sail from France, and yet General Washington addressing Congress concerning the titled volunteer, wrote as follows : "It is my opinion that the com- mand of troops in that State cannot be in better hands than the Marquis'. He possesses uncommon military talents, is of a quick and sound judgment, persevering and enterprising, with- out rashness, and beside these, he is of a conciliating temper and perfectly sober, which are qualities that rarely combine in the same person. And were I to add that some men will gain as much experience in the course of three or four years as some others will in ten or a dozen, you cannot deny the fact and at- tack me on that ground." On this recommedation Lafayette wa-=; appointed to comm.and a division, and served with the interrup- tion of one trip to France, till the close of the war. Thus, it was, (to quote Ambassador Van Dyke), "that Amer- ica enrolled in the imperishable cause of T,iberty a m.ost noble, 132 Lafayette Day in the Camps perfect knight, a man so brave that when he was wounded at Brandywine he fought with the blood running out of his boots ; a man so devoted that he refused the absolute command of an army to invade Canada, because he detected in the offer a cabal against his chief ; a man so unselfish that he resigned the leader- ship of the troops to another at Monmouth without a murmur, because his chief wished it, a man so courteous that he neither took nor gave ofifense * * * ^ jjjj^j^ gQ steadfast that he never relaxed his efforts until the alliance between France and America bore full fruit in the presence of the French fleet and the French Army under Rochambeau at Yorktown, and then a man so high minded that he would not advance to crush Corn- wallis until Washington was present to command the final vic- tory." When Lafayette appeared the colonies had been bled almost white, a succession of defeats ; (again to quote his own words) : "New York, Long Island, "NA'^hite Plains, Fort AVashington, and the Jerseys had seen the American forces successively destroyed, three thousand Americans alone remained in arms." With La- fayette's help we won. A year ago General Pershing placed a wreath on the tomb of Lafayette in the Picpus Cemetery in Paris, and the three words spoken by him on that occasion, "Lafayette nous voila" (Lafayette we are here), may fittingly be repeated today. We are in France and there our armies shall remain until Lafayette's country is made safe for democracy. CAMP WHEELER, GEORGIA The brief formal exercises were held in the grove at Division Hc:adquarters, which were followed by an informal smoker. Music was furnished by the bands of the 122nd and 124th Infan- try Regiments. The soldiers encamped at Camp Wheeler are known as the "Dixie Division," commanded by Major General Leroy S. Lyon, who made a fevv^ remarks appropriate to the oc- casion. Addresses were made by Brig. Gen. W. A. Harris, on "General Lafayette," and Capt. Masson-Forrestier, of the French Military Mission, on "The Battle of the Marne." The exercises closed with the singing of "The Marseillaise." 133 Lafayette Day in the Camps CAMP GORDON, GEORGIA This camp is an infantry replacement and training school, where intensive training is essential to accomplish the mission of training men for active duty abroad in the shortest practicable time. However, in spite of the fact that there was little time to give to celebrations, Lafayette Day was not overlooked. The "Mar- seillaise" was sung and the birthday of Lafayette honored. CAMP JACKSON, COLUMBIA, S. C. Lafayette Day was celebrated in the camp on a large scale. Advantage was taken of this day to celebrate at the same time the recent naturalization of more than 2,000 soldiers of 44 differ- ent nationalities. The auditorium of the Y. M. C. A. was taxed to its capacity with soldiers and civilians, featured by the attendance of Gov- ernor Manning, General Danford and other civilian and military dignitaries, inspiring music and ceremonies appropriate to the occasion. The two-hour program held the interest of the audi- ence throughout and was frequently interrupted by applause and cheers. General Danford in his address reviewed the career of La- fayette, referring to the debt which the United States owes to France, and emphasized his pride in his men who have come from almost every country in the world to help the United States repay this indebtedness and help make the world safe for democracy. "When I go about the camp and watch the troops at drill," said General Danford, *T am not so much interested in seeing whether they do their 'one-two, one-two' exercises ex- actly right, but I am vitally concerned in watching their faces and the determination that I see reflected there. It is the spirit they show which has been characterized by Premier Clemenceau as 'peculiarly American,' the spirit which the Germans have all learned to fear. And at night when I hear singing here and there and everywhere throughout the camp and remember this determination exhibited in the day and the wonderful morale indicated by their songs I know that this war must end in one way and in one way only." 134 Lafayette Day in the Camps Governor Manning complimented the soldiers of Camp Jack- son upon their snap and "pep." He said he had heard that the salute was the index of a soldier and he knew from the way the Camp Jackson men came up to a salute that they were indeed a wonderful body of troops. He paid tribute to the bravery of the British, French, Italians and other allies, recalling how they had fought the world's battles for three years until the United States had reached the limit of human endurance and gone to their aid. He emphasized the fact that there must be no negoti- ated peace in which the lying diplomats of Germany would have the least opportunity to dictate to the Allies in any way because of the fact that an armistice had been declared or an undecided issue was at hand. "We are a,ll starting now to pay back to the French what they did for the American colonies more than lOO years ago," continued Governor Manning. "The United States should not lend a few paltry millions or billions to France, but we should give these billions to them as a part payment of our immemorial debt to that great nation. I understand now why Pershing, when he approached the grave of Lafayette, said : "Lafayette, we are here." Under the direction of William AIcEwan, camp song leader, the audience sang "America" and "The Star Spangled Banner." Representatives of the French, British, Italian and Greek sol- diers naturalized during August sang their national anthems. One of the features of the program was the ceremony of pinning small silk American flags on the blouses of the 2,000 soldiers recently naturalized, conducted by 60 nurses from the base hos- pital and 20 young ladies from Columbia, under the leadership of Miss Frances Pender. As they left the rostrum Governor Manning, General Danford, members of the French Visiting Commission and the other guests were similarly decorated by Miss Walsh of the base hospital William Carl Lafayette of the Ninth Regiment, F. A. R. D., a direct descendant of the Marquis de Lafayette, was called from the audience and expressed his appreciation of the opportunity to fight for the two countries which his distinguished ancestor had served. I •, 00 Lafayette Day in the Camps CAMP CUSTER, iMICHIGAN In commemoration of the double anniversary of the birth of Lafayette and the Battle of the Marne the following exercise? took place in the camp. At 2 P. M, Deputy Secretary of the State of Michigan, George L. Lusk made an address, as also Judge H. Wirt New- kirk, of Ann Harbor. At 4 P. M. Joseph L. Hooper of Battle Creek, Michigan, spoke, as also H. L. Stuart, Y. M. C. A. of Chicago, who has been overseas. All ofificers and enlisted men attended, companies were marched to the assigned places of assembly by their sergeant, and arranged around the speakers' platform. CAMP HANCOCK, AUGUSTA, GEORGIA In the presence of Brig. Gen. Oliver Edwards, camp com- mander, his stafT, the French and British Military Missions and a large attendance of civilians, the officers and enlisted men from the companies of the seven groups and the 3,000 students of the Central Machine Gun Officer's Training School passed in re- view at the camp. The parade started at 9 A. M. The men formed in platoons and preceded by the band and the commanding officers of each grcHip marched past the Commanding General and reviewing party. The tri-colors were repeatedly cheered by the soldiers and civilians who witnessed the spectacle. A large assemblage of ladies were also present. At 6 o'clock the Augusta chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution tendered a reception at Meadow Garden, to th.e members of the French Mission at Camp Hancock. The honor guests also included the commanding officers at the camp, General Oliver Edwards and his staff, the members of the Eng- 136 Lafayette Day in the Camps lish Mission who are here as special instructors, Mrs. L. S. Arrington, local chairman National Council of Defense ; Mrs. John N. Clark, president of the U. D. C. ; Mrs. Isabella Jordan, president Colonial Dames ; Mrs. James F. Wood, State regent of the D. A. R., and the members of the local chapter D. A. R. The band from headquarters furnished the music. CAMP UPTON, NEW YORK The French National Flag was hoisted at Camp Headquar- ters at noon, at which time the French National Air was played by the i52d Depot Brigade Band. CAMP DIX, NEW. JERSEY The total strength of the camp at this time was about 50,000 men. Every organization large or small held some form of ceremony in commemoration of the day. A general celebration could not be held on account of troop movements in and out of camp. The ceremony of escort to the color was held by the 136th Infantry Regiment at 11 A. M. Capt. M. Clavel, of the French Military Mission, as also the Non-Commissioned Officer person- nel of the French Military Mission were the guests of honor of the Commanding Officer. The Division Commander and his stafif, all Field Officers and members of the British Military Mis- sion, as representatives of our Allies at the Battle of the Marne, were also present. The 34th Division, then just arriving from the West, held a regimental review and escort to the colors. The review was received by the Senior French Officer present and by the French and British instructors on duty in the camp. The 109th Engineers formed under arms at usual place of ^Z7 Lafayette Day in the Camps assembly. The Commander delivered a short address on Lafay- ette, while the Regimental Band played the "Marseillaise." Casual Detachment, 153d Depot Brigade: The members of tlie Casual Detachment were assembled and a suitable talk on the subject of "Lafayette" and the "Battle of the Marne" was made by the Detachment Commander. The Commissioned and enlisted personnel of the Sub-Depot Quartermaster were assembled at Y. M. C. A. Hut No. 9 at 6:15 P. M. where suitable ceremonies were held under the auspices of the Y. M. C. A. Secretary Smith made an address outlined the history of Lafayette in relation to his devotion to this country ; he also gave a brief talk on the Battle of the Marne ;n 191 4. The Conservation and Reclamation Detachment also attended these ceremonies. At the Base Hospital the ceremonies were opened with songs by the soldiers. A brief introductory address relating to the na- ture of the celebration and its significance was made by Lieut. R. T. Fox, Commander of the Detachment. Vocal and instru- mental selections were given by Y. M. C. A. talent. An address was also made by Mr. J. J. Edwards who has just returned from France. The exercises closed Avitli the singing of "America" by the soldiers. Capt. F. E. Werntz gave his officers and men of the Camp Ordnance Depot a talk on the subject of the Birthday of Lafay- ette and the Battle of the Marne. The ceremony held by the 8iith Pioneer Infantry consisted in an explanation of the great obligation which this nation has been under to the French people, that Lafayette and Rocham- beau were among the generals sent us by France, and that it was in great part due to their efforts and other Frenchmen that the independence of our country was made possible. The men of the Utilities Co., Q. M. C, assembled and the life of Major General de Lafayette and his invaluable aid to the LTnited States during the Revolutionary War was reviewed. The Battle of the ATarne was described and the ravages of the "Hun" forcibly impressed upon the men. The 407th Engineer Sub-Depot were given a lecture, em- 138 Lafayette Day in the Camps phasis being laid on the distinguishing features of the Battle of the Marne and the aid secured through the efforts of Lafayette. The 153rd Depot Brigade, Headquarters Company, were given a banquet. The Headquarters Band rendered several se- lections and appropriate remarks w^ere made. Headquarters First Training Battalion, 153d Depot Brigade: This Battalion was form.ed on Sept. 6th in a hollow square ac- companied b}' a band on the parade grounds East of 3rd Street. The French and United States national airs were played and respects given thereto and an address was made to the men of this organization by Capt. J. H. M. Dudley upon the life and services to this country of Lafayette during the Revolutionary War, and the significance of the Battle of the Marne was ex- plained and the events leading thereto in connection with this anniversary. Headquarters 2nd Training Battalion, as also Companies 6 and 8, attended this celebration. The gth and loth Companies were addressed by Chaplain B. S. Levering and the nth and 12th Companies were addressed by Capt. H. J. Kim- ball. A special dinner was served in all the company messes following the addresses. Headquarters 4th Battalion, 153rd Depot Brigade: Four Bat- talions, of approximately 3,000 men assembled in the Y. M. C. A. Auditorium, where a concert v^-as given by the Depot Brigade Band and patriotic songs sung by the entire assembly. A patri- otic address was made b}- Professor W. A. Mears of Philadel- phia and the "Marseillaise" was sung by Private Mutch, 15th Company. An address was also made by Sergeant Major Jones, of the British Mission, who took part in the Battle of the Marne. The ceremonies were closed with "There's a Long, Long Trail a Winding." Headquarters 7th Battalion: The battalion was assembled for a patriotic address by the Chaplain concerning Lafayette, while the Battalion Commander (Major H. N. Arnold) prefaced the parade by remarks concerning its significance. On parade, the Marseillaise" was played while officers and men saluted, im.- medlately before the playing of our national anthem. A special supper was served and in the evening the battalion orchestra played at the soldier's club. 139 Lafayette Day in the Camps Headquarters loth Battalion: A program under the direction of Lieut. James N. Clinch, Inf., U. S. A. was observed. Patriotic songs were sung, including the "Marseillaise" and the "Star Spangled Banner." Lieut. R. M. McDonald and Sergeant O'Neill of the A. E. F. made addresses. An exhibition close or- der drill by overseas non-commissioned ofBcers, attached to 40th Company, was also given, Capt. J. F. Hanley, commanding. Headquarters 13th Training Battalion: Companies were formed for retreat at 4:50 P. M. and had read to them by Com- pany Commanders, extract from Vol. 2, "The American Revolu- tion," by John Fiske, concerning General Lafayette, and also an extract from "The Elements of the Great War," 2nd phrase, by Hillyar Belloc, concerning the Battle of the Marne. At the con- clusion of the reading of these extracts, retreat was sounded, and the Companies were held in formation during the playing of the "Marseillaise." Headquarters 14th Training Battalion: The Battalion was formed and the Company Commanders made appropriate ad- dresses. The boys then stood at retreat rendering the proper salute for the French National Anthem, CAMP MEADE, MARYLAND The Lafayette Division of the new and rapidly growing Amer- ican Army celebrated the anniversary of the Birth of Lafayette and the Battle of the Marne at Camp Meade. The tri-color flew by the side of the Stars and Stripes at several points in the camp. In the morning the soldiers practiced with rifles, bayonets and artillery to go to France at a later date on a mission which was similar to that which brought Lafayette to America. In the afternoon they laid aside their weapons and joined on Liberty Field in paying tribute to the great Frenchman whose feats made possible the writing of such interesting pages in American history. Senator Wesley L. Jones, U. S. Senator of the State of Wash- 140 Lafayette Day in the Camps ington, addressed the boys and told them about Lafayette. Forty thousand of these youths gathered on the big field to listen. Mingled with them were officers of the French Army who are here in an advisory capacity. An address was also delivered by Major General Jesse McI. Carter, Commander of the new divi- sion. In addition to this, athletic contests were held, also master singer and band concerts. The camp was thrown open to visi- tors and thousands attended to aid the soldiers in celebrating the day. In the evening the festivities continued in the bungalows of the Knights of Columbus and Y. M. C. A., while in the main auditorium of the Knights of Columbus the motion picture of Joan of Arc was thrown upon the screen. 141 Lafayette Day and the Press LAFAYETTE DAY AND THE PRESS Among the articles devoted to the double anniversary of Lafayette and the Marne, September 6th, 1918, are those which appeared in the following publications, clippings of which have been forwarded to the French Government through its Ambassa- dor here, in a book presented on behalf of the Lafayette Day National Committee and the Lafayette Day Citizens' Committee of New York : Alabama: Chicago Journal Birmingham Ledger " News Birmingham Herald Post Star Arkansas: " Tribune Little Rock Gazette Indiana: California: Bedford American Los Angeles Express Indianapolis American " " L'Union Nouvelle Examiner Times " Star San Francisco Chronicle Times " " Examiner Richmond Palladium Connecticut: Iowa: Bridgeport Post Burlington Hawkeye Telegram Waterloo Courier " Times Hartford Courant Kansas : Leavenworth Times Delaware: Wichita Eagle Wilmington News Kentucky: District of Colimibia: Louisville Courier-Journal Washington Evening Star Evening Times Louisiana: Herald New Orleans L'Union Nouvelle Post " " Times Picayune Star Shreveport Times Times Maine: Florida: Bangor Commercial Jacksonville Metropol lis Lewiston Journal Macon Telegraph Maryland: Georgia: Baltimore American Atlanta Constitution Star Illinois: Massachusetts : Chicago American Boston Advertiser " Examiner " American Herald ' Christian Science Monitor Union 142 Lafayette Day and the Press Boston Daily Globe Eve. " Herald Post " Record " Transcript " Traveler Fitchburg Sentinel Springfield Republican Michigan : Detroit Free Press " Nev/s Minnesota: Minneapolis News St. Paul Pioneer-Press Missouri: Kansas City Journal St. Louis Post Dispatch Nebraska: Lincoln Star Omaha Bee New Jersey: Atlantic City Gazette Review Elizabeth Evening Journal Hoboken Observer Jersey City Journal " " Evening Journal Newark Call " Evening News " News Trenton Times Union Hill Dispatch " Observer New York: Alban}^ Journal " Knickerbocker Auburn Advertiser-Journal " Citizen Brooklyn Citizen " Daily Eagle " Standard Union " Times ■ Buffalo Coiirrier '' Enquirer " Express " News New York City Aerial Age " " " American ;' " " Call " " " Commercial " " " Courrier des Etats New York City Evening Sun " :; :: " worw Exhibitors Trade « « ., . Review Financial Amer. Globe <•■ tt " TT J Heraid " u i Jour, of Com. Journal Mail " " " Motion Picture „ \\ '[ Musical America ],' Morn. Telegraph ^^ ^^ Fnancial America News '; " " Outlook ;; ;; ;; Post Review Sun <. !! '! Telegram Times L L' i] Town Topics ^ " Tribune " War Weekly " World Rochester Chronicle Herald ^^ , " Post Express Schenectady Gazette Syracuse Post Standard Utica Press Ohio: Cincinnati Enquirer " Post Tribune " Tribune Toledo Times Oregon: Portland Oregonian Pennsylvania: Altoona Times Tribune Enquirer I'hiladelphia Bulletin ]] Evening Ledger ^^ North American Press " Public Ledger Record Pittsburgh Despatch Leader Press 143 Lafayette Day and the Press Rhode Island: Providence Journal South Carolina: Charleston Americaa Tennessee: Memphis Commercial Appeal Nashville Banner Texas: Beaumont Journal Galveston News Virginia: Danville Bee Norfolk Virginian Pilot Richmond Journal " Times Dispatch Washington: Seattle Times Spokane Spokesman W. Virginia: Wheeling Intelligencer " Register Wisconsin: Milwaukee Evening Journal " Evening Sentinel " Free Press " Journal Wyoming: Sheridan Enterprise CANADA Montreal Star Toronto Star T44 0» . " • « *>% ^^°^ 0^ ."^HLi«^.• .^ ^ 0^ • iliiiiiiiiiiiiiii liiiii. lllllllll;!; liiiiiilL... iiilll iiliiiiii |ii||||!J|ipi|l||| iiljilililllliiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ !|ii!liii|!iilifcii:iiipll||iiiii|i!|iii!l iisliiiiliijiiiilii n;5ni!i;'j»iiii'wiill:J|;!S|p!P^ lll|lllliiiii|illffl|l||||^