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 ** di*^l*»rv TnnrnnI 
 
THE 
 
 LpN Tennis IJanujil 
 
 FOR 1885. 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 FULL AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS FOR ACQUIRING A PRAC- 
 TICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE GAME, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS 
 OF THE MATERIALS OF THE GAME, AND OF THE 
 DRESSOF THE PLAYERS, AS ALSO THE LINES AND 
 MEASUREMENT'S OF THE COURTS, AND THE 
 LAYING OUT OF THE FIELD. 
 
 WITH SPECIAL CHAPTERS ON 
 
 "how to play the GAME," "THE SERVICE," "POINTS OF 
 
 PLAY," "THE VARIOUS STRIKES," " THE FIELDER," 
 
 "THE FOUR-HANDED GAME," "a GAME 
 
 PLAYED," " PLAYING AT NET," 
 
 ETC., ETC. 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 CONSTITUTION OF THE KENWOOD L^WN TENNIS CLUB. 
 THE Official Code of plating Rules for i88$. 
 
 As amended by the National Association of Lawn Tennis Players. Spec- 
 ially prepared under separate headings for this work. 
 To which is added "Hints on Scoring-." 
 
 BY 
 
 HEI?^RY CHADWICK. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BY 
 
 GEO. H. BEIS^EDICT. 
 
 ^^°^^^^"'"'-^ ■ AFRS6,1B86. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY .. , ,, \/iQH 
 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BR<DS;r ""'' 
 
 241 Broadway, HEW YOEK. 108 Maaison St., CHICAGO. 
 
i>-T 
 
 Entered According to Act of Congress in the Year 1885 
 
 — BY— 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS., 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. 
 
INTRODUCTION, 
 
 The game of Tennis is one of the ancient pastimes 
 of England, and it was a favorite game with royalty 
 from the time of Henry VIII. to the rollicking days 
 of Charles II., the Tennis courts of that period 
 being very fashionable resorts of the wild youths of 
 the English nobility of "the good old times," as they 
 are sometimes called. But the Tennis of that day is 
 not the Lawn Tennis of the nineteenth century, the 
 latter really being a sort of return to the pristine days 
 of the game when it was played out of doors in a 
 very crude way ; and therefore we need not refer to 
 the old game of Tennis further than to state that it 
 was a far more difficult game to play than is modern 
 Tennis. It is not necessary to refer at length to the 
 origin of the modern game, beyond stating the fact 
 that it came into favor as a lawn substitute for the 
 old court game; and from its introduction has won 
 its way to a popularity unprecedented almost in the 
 history of field games of ball. As for its brief his- 
 tory in America, It tnay be said that no game has 
 been introduced in this country from England which 
 has achieved such rapid favor in fashionable circles of 
 American society as the game of Lawn Tennis. It 
 
 (5) 
 
6 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 is now the pet society game at all the watering-places 
 and at every fashionable summer resort in the country. 
 Besides which, it is the only all-the-year-round game 
 of ball now in vogue; for when the summer lawn is 
 covered with snow, in-door Tennis is at command 
 in any moderatel3^-sized and smoothly-floored hall. 
 While Lawn Tennis is a special favorite with those 
 vs^ho cannot excel in any game requiring any special 
 attribute of physical courage, owing to the fact that 
 every phase of danger is eliminated from the game, 
 it is also popular with those who are expert in such 
 manly sports as base ball, cricket, lacrosse, and foot- 
 ball, from the fact that it necessitates litheness of 
 Timb and activity of movement, besides affording a 
 field for strategic skill when the game is played up 
 to its highest point, which is quite enjoyable by way 
 of contrast in presenting a light exercise, differing 
 greatly from the vigorous and somewhat dangerous 
 exercises of the other games. Then, too. Lawn 
 Tennis is an excellent field game of ball for ladles, 
 as it aflforci^-them the very kind of exercise they most 
 need, and that is out-door activity, which will bring 
 the dormant muscles of the limbs and the chest into 
 play. There is an additional recommendation', too, 
 for Lawn Tennis, and that is that it can be played 
 on a comparatively small space of level ground, or 
 on a hall floor. The materials of the game, at the 
 present day, are not expensive, the whole " kit," com- 
 prising four racquets, a dozen balls, and the posts 
 and net. Of course, if you are ambitious of becom- 
 
INTRODUCTION. ^ 
 
 ing an expert, you will need a favorite racquet and 
 the best kind of balls. But the game can be enjoy- 
 ably played without using a "champion" racquet or 
 the pet balls of the period. 
 
 There is one thing about Lawn Tennis playing, as 
 in vogue in general society, which makes it excep- 
 tional, and that is, in no field game now enjoying 
 popular favor, are the amenities of social life so par- 
 ticularly observed. The quarreling and disputes 
 which used to characterize croquet, and which, by 
 the way, had a marked influence in bringing about 
 its downfall in public f^ivor, are almost unknown on 
 the Lawn Tennis field. Of course, there will be 
 found in Lawn Tennis, as in every game, certain 
 votaries of the sport" who cannot refrain from croak- 
 ing and grumbling; but, as a rule, the Lawn Tennis 
 field is marked by more attention to politeness and 
 the observance of the rules of fashionable life than is 
 to be seen on any other field of out-door sports. 
 The game is one that " has come to stay," as it fills 
 a void which has existed a long while, and that is, 
 the want of a game in which ladies and gentlemen 
 can participate, while at the same time plenty of 
 active and not too vigorous exercise can be afforded 
 for both, and that, too, without any element of dan- 
 ger to mar the pleasure of its enjoyment. 
 
THE GAME OF LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 What more attractive picture, in the way of an 
 out-door recreation for both sexes, can be presented 
 than that exhibited at a Lawn Tennis party? There 
 is the smooth, level, well-cut and rolled grassy lawn, 
 with the lines of a double court marked out upon it. 
 Around the lawn are assembled the fair guests and 
 their masculine attendants and escorts, all intent on 
 watching the graceful evolutions in the court of the 
 two lady players and their gentlemen partners, the 
 picturesque surroundings and the bright blue of an 
 early June sky completing a landscape worthy the 
 pencil of an artist. It is a game without a peer or 
 even a rival of its kind; for while it affords ample 
 opportunity for graceful activity, and presents a most 
 healthful out-door exercise, of a kind just suited for 
 men of sedentary habits, and especially for the class 
 of the fair sex who are too prone to house them- 
 selves from active exertion in the open air, it also 
 affords facility for the employment of considerable 
 strategic skill and litheness of limb, when played up 
 to its highest mark. 
 
 Like all games. Lawn Tennis requires plenty of 
 practice, too, in order to attain any degree of special 
 excellence in the exemplification of its beauties. The 
 (8) 
 
LAWN TENNIS COUK.T. 
 
 (9) 
 
lO LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 theory of the game is as simple as A B C. One 
 player bats a ball to an opposing player standing on 
 the other side of a fence of network, and the latter 
 returns the ball similarly before it touches the ground 
 twice, and the first player who first fails to so return 
 the ball, has a point scored against him. That is 
 really the whole theory of the game. But carried 
 out in detail there is far more in the playing of it 
 than appears on the theoretical surface. Training is 
 essential in order not only to sustain the physical 
 fatigue incident to a well-contested match, but also to 
 obtain the requisite command of the ball to engage 
 skillful strategic play. Then, too, one has to have 
 his wits about him, even in this apparently simple 
 game, before he can hope to cope v/ith any success 
 against an experienced adversary. But the decidedly 
 attractive feature about Lawn Tennis is that every 
 element of danger is eliminated from the game. The 
 ball is a mere light rubber toy beside the danger- 
 ously hard cricket or base ball; and there is no possi- 
 ble chance of any dangerous colliding on the field 
 when pursuing the ball. In fact, it is as harmless as 
 battledore and shuttlecock. 
 
 THE MATERIALS OF THE GAME. 
 
 It may be truthfully remarked that there are no 
 votaries of any field game of ball so fussily particu- 
 lar in regard to the special form or quality of the 
 material of their sports as are the general class of 
 Lawn Tennis players; and, as a rule, the poorer the 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 II 
 
 players the more particular they are in regard to 
 racquets and balls. It is, of course, very desirable 
 when you become an accomplished expert in the use 
 of your racquet, to have a choice bat and good balls 
 to play with. But the ordinary bats and balls of an 
 established manufacturer answer all the purposes of 
 the large majority of Lawn Tennis players. Great 
 improvements have been made in Lawn Tennis 
 material within the past few years, especially in this 
 country, the American racquets manufactured by the 
 Spalding Bros., of Chicago and New York, rivaling 
 the best in the English market, and the latest American 
 Tennis balls equal those of the best English standard 
 balls, and are better suited to our hot summer climate. 
 The English racquet, as used some years ago, was 
 formed as if every shot was to be made low and from 
 a sidestroke. The new form of English racquet is 
 shown in the appended cut, and this is also the 
 
 form of the model American racquet. The weight 
 of it varies from ten to sixteen ounces, the lighter 
 ones being most in favor with experts. The net is 
 different now from what it was a few years since. 
 
12 
 
 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 Then the net reached to the ground, and considera- 
 ble annoyance was occasioned by its stopping balls 
 when thrown back after the finish of a game. Now 
 it is raised high enough to admit of the balls passing 
 under the net. 
 
 The net required for a Lawn Tennis court should 
 be of good, strong material, which will wear well, 
 for it is so frequently put up and taken down that 
 poor material will soon wear out. The net is 
 stretched from post to post so as to allow of its " sag- 
 ging " in the center, the height of the net line when 
 it is fastened to the post at each end being three feet, 
 six inches from the ground, while the height in the 
 center of the net at the top line is but three feet from 
 the ground, the " sagging" being six inches at the 
 center. The net should be sufficiently high from the 
 ground to admit of the balls rolling freely under- 
 neath. The appended cut shows the form of a projD. 
 erly stretched net. 
 
 LAWN TENNIS NET. 
 
 A sort of stationary center post with a hook at 
 the top has been lately introduced for the purpose of 
 keeping the net down to the three feet height, the 
 post in question being in form as shown in the fol- 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 13 
 
 lowing cut, 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 It is made of wrought iron, and is fixed 
 in the ground at the center point of the 
 net. Its use lies in its not only keep- 
 ing the net from being drawn up too 
 high, but also in showing when it "sags" 
 too low. The ball used in Lawn Tennis 
 is made of rubber and covered with a 
 light felting, and the regulation size and 
 weight is not less than 2 15-32 inches, 
 nor more than 2^ inches in diameter; 
 and not less than i )5-i6 ounces, nor 
 more than two ounces in weight. 
 
 THE COURTS. 
 
 There are two courts in Lawn Tennis, one for 
 games between two players called the "single court," 
 and the other for four players, called the "double 
 court." The former court is bounded by lines 78 
 
 
 A Single 
 r 
 
 Side Litte.78 
 
 Court- 
 
 ) 
 
 feet long- 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 s 
 
 ^ S "S 
 Half Court '"^Line;^; 
 
 21,feet long ti 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 1 1 
 
 42 feet long (3 
 
 1 
 <u 
 
 a 
 
 g 
 > 
 
 1 
 
 18 feet long 
 
 o 
 O 
 u 
 
 Oi 
 
 O 
 
 
 Inner 
 Right Court 
 Line of 
 
 Inner 
 ,I7eft Court 
 
 feet in length and 27 feet in width. This court is 
 divided up into four smaller courts, 2 1 feet in length 
 
H 
 
 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 by 13 feet, 6 inches in width, the boundary lines 
 of these courts being the " service " Hues and the 
 outer lines, the " service " Hne crossing the court 18 
 feet distant from the end of the court, and 21 feet dis- 
 tant from the center line, or line of the net, v/hich 
 latter is 39 feet distant from the end lines of the 
 court. The diagram of the single court is shown 
 on preceding page. 
 
 The net extends 3 feet beyond the boundary lines 
 of the court on each side; the line of the net from 
 post to post consequently being 33 feet in length. 
 The double court is of the same length as the single 
 court, but it is 6 feet wider in its base line. The 
 inner courts, however, are of the same dimensions as 
 those of the single court. The lines of the double 
 court are shown in the appended diagram. 
 
 
 A Double Court 
 Side Line 78^feet Ion? 
 
 
 
 
 Service Side Line 
 
 42 feet Ions 
 
 
 
 
 Half Court Line ^ 
 
 21 feet long 
 42 feet Tong 
 
 
 -a 
 1'""" 
 
 "2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 =< 
 
 y -r- '1 
 
 The service must be within the lines of the service 
 courts the same as in the single court, but the return 
 ball can go outside the side service lines, but must 
 fall within the outer boundary lines. 
 
LAWN TENNIS. I5 
 
 THE FIELD. 
 
 The most complete field for Lawn Tennis is a 
 perfectly level piece of turf, cut close and well rolled 
 until it presents quite a velvety surface. Next to this 
 is a smooth hard surfiice of clay or asphalt, or that of 
 a ball room, or rather skating rink, floor. But it is 
 only on a fine grassy lawn that the beauties of the 
 game can be fully developed. Every fashionable 
 country residence now has its Tennis lawn, and 
 no summer resort is considered complete in its 
 attractions without its Lawn Tennis grounds. The 
 most extensive public Lawn Tennis ground in this 
 country in 1885 was engaged by the residents of 
 Brooklyn, the Prospect Park officials providing facil- 
 ities for Lawn Tennis playing for over one hundred 
 clubs on their grand park, more than sixty games 
 being in progress at the same time this summer there. 
 
 DRESSING FOR THE GAME. 
 
 Lawn Tennis is no game to be played well with 
 one's everyday dress. You require to be clothed 
 especially for the exercise, and it is essential that 
 your field costume should be one made of some light 
 quality of flannel, as a player necessarily perspires 
 freely from the exercise, and flannel is the only mate- 
 rial suitable for such a condition. And just here let 
 us say that it is in the free prespiration which the 
 game induces that the great sanitary benefit of the 
 pastime lies. It opens the pores of the skin ; brings 
 
l6 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 the blood in healthful and vigorous circulation to the 
 surface of the body, and thereby relieves the vital 
 function of the liver and the kidneys from the over- 
 work they are subjected to when the vitality of the 
 skin is allowed to become dormant from sedentary 
 habits. Given an hour's moderate exercise on a 
 Lawn Tennis field, until the skin has been given life 
 and activity, and the player is in a profuse perspira- 
 tion and not over-fatigued; and then let this be fol- 
 lowed by the cleansing process of a sponge bath, and 
 after the bath to take a gentle walk In one's ordi- 
 nary attire, and a delightful feeling of healthful vigor 
 will follow, fully equaling the exhilarating effects of 
 a Turkish bath. So much for the sanitary advan- 
 tages of the game. Now for the dress. First as 
 regards the shoes, and we present a sample of what 
 a Lawn Tennis shoe should be in the appended cut. 
 
 This shoe is made of white canvas, with a cor- 
 rugated rubber sole moulded on the upper. The 
 shoe speaks for itself, and needs no further descrip- 
 tion, except that it should be broad, so as to allow for 
 the full play of the toes, which pointed-toed shoes 
 do not admit of. As regards the other portions of 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 17 
 
 the dress, we append two cuts showing two different 
 styles of dress worn by Lawn Tennis players. 
 
 Some prefer the Knickerbockers, and others the 
 .n.er.. The obiect in view is the wearnig of a 
 
 trousers. The obj 
 
l8 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 loose fitting dress, which will admit of perfect free- 
 dom of muscular motion. A light undershirt of silk 
 or flannel covered by a Jersey, with Knickerbockers 
 and stockings, is about the best dress for the game 
 for the upj^er part of the body. For the ladies' 
 dress the one thing needful is a loose bodice, with a 
 moderately short skirt. No lady can play Tennis 
 comfortably while wearing a corset. The head cov- 
 ering should be light, and sufliciently wide in brim 
 to shade the face from the sun. Avoid eccentricity 
 of attire in the way of a dress for Lawn Tennis. It 
 is vulgar. A neglige style of dress can be worn 
 without making it vulgarly conspicuous. 
 
 HOW TO PLAY THE GAME. 
 
 THE SERVICE. 
 
 The first step in learning to play Lawn Tennis is 
 to " serve " the ball, and to do this properly is one of 
 the most important points of play in the game. 
 Thorough command of the ball is essential for eflfect- 
 ive service, and this can only be acquired by steady 
 practice in serving. Is is a good j)lan in practicing 
 serving the ball to fix a crab-net wire so that it will 
 stand upright at a height of three feet from the 
 ground. Then measure a distance of forty feet from 
 the pole of the hoop, and then practice to serve the 
 ball from the racquet through the circle of wire luitil 
 you can send it through without difiiculty, and swiftly, 
 too. In thus practising, the server should begin 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 19 
 
 by getting the range of the wire hoop, first serving 
 underhand, and then overhand. When trying to 
 practise a swift service the deHvery will have to be 
 high in order to send the ball within the court line. 
 
 LAWN TENNIS COURT, 
 
 The server should bear in mind the fact that he has 
 a range of sixty feet for his service, that being the 
 distance from the base line from which he serves the 
 
20 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 ball to the service line of the opposite court on the 
 other side the net. His aim should be to just clear 
 the line of the net. The appended diagram shows 
 the lines of a swift line-ball service, a medium-paced 
 overhand service, and a slow toss or underhand serv- 
 ice. The swift service is necessarily from a high 
 front delivery, while the other two services are from 
 the high and low side stroke, the toss being the low- 
 est delivery. This diagram is merely to illustrate the 
 service line for novices. 
 
 As a general rule, the server may be said to have 
 the game in his hands, and certainly ought to win 
 most of his service. The server being allowed two 
 chances, frequently devotes his first shot to experi- 
 mental play; but a steadily-served ball over the net 
 at the first stroke is better than to risk a fancy stroke. 
 A safety service on the first stroke pays best in the 
 end. There are three styles of serving familiar to 
 experts, and they are the simple toss, the swift serv- 
 ice, and the twist. The former should be an excep- 
 tional stroke, the most useful service for general pur- 
 poses being the swift stroke, which sends the ball just 
 skimming over the net line. The "twist" or bias given 
 the ball by the bat is accomplished by combining 
 with the forward stroke of the bat a sort of side cut, 
 which causes the ball to rotate on its axis, the result 
 being that when it touches the ground the rebound is 
 an eccentric one, instead of a rebound on the line of 
 its progress to the ground. It should not be sent in 
 very swiftly, but only with sufficient force to give 
 due effect to the side cut or twist imparted to it. 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 21 
 
 Steady play In service is the play that wins in the 
 long run. In the choice between the service which 
 never sends in two balls alike, and that which Is 
 marked by one kind of stroke served steadily and 
 well, the latter is the most advantageous as an aver- 
 age service. The surer a server is at his stroke the 
 more easily will he be able to " place " the ball, and 
 
 FORWARD OVERHAND STROKE. 
 
 to " place " the bail is the true art of effective service. 
 As much execution may be often done b}-- judicious 
 placing of the ball as by difficult service. Watch 
 your opponent well, find out his weak points, and 
 serve accordingly. If he Is too far forward, serve 
 back; If he stands near the half-court line, give him 
 a ball in the opposite corner; if he waits for you 
 
22 
 
 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 ready to take the ball on either side, serve low to his 
 feet, and so on. 
 
 The server should always keep one ball in hand so 
 as to be ready for a second service if the first is a 
 faultc After serving the ball over the net, be on the 
 qui Vive for the return ball, playing steadily while 
 being ready. 
 
 The cut on page 21 shows the player in the act of 
 sending in a swift high service ball, which just clears 
 the net line. 
 
 FORE OVERHAND STROKE. 
 
 In making the high service, throw the ball up 
 nearly in a line with the right shoulder. 
 
 The medium paced service is shown in the above 
 cut of a player about to serve an overhand ball. 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 23 
 
 The overhand service is made with the racquet 
 held nearly on a level with the shoulder. 
 
 For the simple toss or underhand service grasp 
 the racquet in the middle of the handle, and stoop- 
 ing, drop the ball, striking at it with the full face of 
 the racquet. This is shown in the appended cut. 
 
 UNDERHAND SERVICE. 
 
 THE POINTS OF PLAY. 
 
 Mr. Hardwicke, one of the best writers on the 
 game, gives some instructive points in regard to serv- 
 ice and return plays, which we append as worthy of 
 special attention. Referring to the point of putting 
 -'side" on the ball, he says: "Strike it with the 
 racquet nearly horizontal but slightly inclined for- 
 ward. This will put a right-hand twist on the ball- 
 
24 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 SO that when it bounds it will skew toward the striker 
 out in a very puzzling way. If he is prepared for a 
 straight stroke he must alter his position or play a 
 back-hander. 
 
 " In returning a service ball, or a ball in play, the 
 player should always endeavor to drive as near the 
 top of the net as possible without cutting into the net. 
 All 'lobs 'up (to lob a ball is to drive it high above 
 the heads of the players) are bad play unless specially 
 required, as in the case of a forward player, when it 
 is desirable to play over his head. There is a right 
 and a wrong moment for taking a ball. After bound- 
 ing, it should be struck when its upward momentum 
 is spent and it is about to fall. The reason of this is 
 clear. If the ball is struck on the* rise, it will leave 
 the racquet at an obtuse angle equal to that of its 
 incidence. In other words, it will lob up. The same 
 principle must be borne in mind in taking a ' skyer.' 
 It will leave the racquet at a descending angle equal 
 to that at which it strikes the racquet. In fast play, 
 you must take the ball how and when you can. It 
 is better to hold the racquet long. But for ordinary 
 forehand play, especially where the driving is not 
 hard, the better plan is to hold the racquet short and 
 let the stroke be given more from the shoulder than 
 the elbow." 
 
 THE VARIOUS STROKES. 
 
 Referring to the different strokes made in Lawn 
 Tennis, Mr. Hardwicke says: " There are eight 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 25 
 
 principal strokes at Tennis, each of which should be 
 thoroughly mastered. In order to do this, a person 
 anxious to become a good player should practise 
 each separately, having the ball pitched to him at a 
 certain spot, and standing so as to play one particular 
 stroke until it can be played with certainty. Some 
 strokes only occur at rare Intervals, and, consequently, 
 unless practiced separately, are never really learned. 
 The first and principal stroke Is the fore overhand. 
 For this stroke, hold the racquet short, well up to the 
 face, with a very slight backward Incline. In order 
 to play a ball in this manner, you should stand about 
 eighteen inches to the left of its course, and strike it 
 as It passes you. While it is of the utmost impor- 
 tance to be quick, more misses are made from being 
 too quick than too slow. You should let your racquet 
 hover, as it were, a moment before striking. If you 
 do this there will be no force In the stroke except 
 that Intended for the ball. AVhen you have to run 
 forward to a ball, recollect to deduct the force of 
 your run from the force of the stroke, or you will 
 strike out of court, and, if you run back, increase the 
 force, as your run will deduct so much from the blow. 
 Try to strike the ball well in the center of the 
 racquet. If you hit the wood. It Is almost sure to 
 score against you. In making this stroke the left foot 
 should be forward, and the right back." 
 
 Fore underhand is a stroke made with the racquet 
 held at the extreme end of the handle, as shown in 
 the cut on page 25. It is most useful in taking half- 
 
26 
 
 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 volleys, quick services, and long drives. When the 
 play is very fast, and the ball is returned close over 
 the net, the ball rises only a few inches after striking 
 the ground. Consequently it must be taken under- 
 hand or not at all. In good underhand play the ball 
 should not be lobbed up in the air. Be sure to turn 
 the elbow well in, and return as close to the top of 
 the net as you can. 
 
 FORE UNDERHAND STROKE. 
 
 The high stroke: Where a ball passes over the 
 player, but at a pace that will cause it to fall behind 
 him and within the court, he should play it down 
 just over the net. Such a ball played either at the 
 opponent's feet, or in some undefended part of the 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 27 
 
 court, is almost sure to score. Be careful not to cut 
 into the net. 
 
 The back overnand stroke is shown in the appended 
 cut. 
 
 BACK OVERHAND STROKE. 
 
 In reference to this stroke Mr. Hardwicke says: "In 
 case a ball twists suddenly, or is returned so quickly 
 that you cannot get to the left of it so as to take it 
 forehand, you must strike backhanded. The diffi- 
 culty is to get behind the ball in time. The right 
 foot should be well forward, and the left back. Turn 
 the body from the waist well to the left, so as to 
 throw its whole weight into the stroke. The racquet 
 should be held long or half-handle." The back 
 underhand stroke is shown in the following cut. 
 
28 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 This is a stroke given with the right foot forward 
 and the left back. The racquet must be held at the 
 extreme end of the handle, and, as in the preceding 
 stroke, turn the body well to the left. 
 
 In regard to forward play, both overhand and 
 underhand strokes, he says : " These strokes are re- 
 quired chiefly for volleys and twisting balls. For the 
 
 BACK UNDERHAND STROKE. 
 
 overhand, hold the racquet short and firm. When 
 the ball is driven very hard, little more than its own 
 returned momentum is required to send it back over 
 the net. A very telling i^lay in single games, when 
 you are near the net and your opponent is at or near - 
 the base line, is to loosen the racquet in the hand 
 when the stroke is given. This stops the ball with- 
 out returning its force, and drops it just over the net. 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 29 
 
 where it falls long before the opposing player can 
 get to it." This stroke is shown in the following cut: 
 
 Q 
 
 « Forward underhand strokes," says Mr. Hard- 
 wicke, "like back underhand, are the most difficult in 
 the game. They should be played with the elbow 
 forward and well up. The effect of this stroke is to 
 keep the ball from rising, and to return it just over 
 the net." The cut on page 30 shows the stroke: 
 
 " Guard and attack must always be in a player's 
 mind, the object being to protect his own court and 
 assail his adversary in a weak point. In guarding, 
 after every stroke be sure to get back to the center 
 of your court. If the play is fast, be near the base 
 
30 
 
 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 line; if slow, near the service line. It is always 
 easier to get forward to a ball than back to it. No 
 one can play a forward game with any effect with- 
 out being skilful in volleying. It is a means of attack 
 and defense in which the great beauty of the game 
 consists. Half volleys are strokes when the ball is 
 close to the ground and about to bound or ' pitch.' 
 
 FORWARD UNDERHAND STROKE. 
 
 There are two styles of volley play at the net and on 
 the service line. The first is always played overhand. 
 It is a showy but a dangerous play, except in four- 
 handed games, because it leaves so much of the court 
 unprotected. The answer to it is to play the ball up 
 over the opponent's head where he cannot get it, or 
 obliquely across the court out of his reach. Volley- 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 3I 
 
 ing from the service line is a safer and much more 
 effective play. At the service line, if the ball is not 
 struck hard by the opponent, so as to carry it out of 
 court, it will be approaching the ground, and may be 
 half-volleyed or taken underhand. To do this and 
 to return close over the net is the ne plus ultra of 
 play. Half-volleys have been described by some 
 writers as the stroke of despair. So they may be to 
 an inferior player, but when well played and placed, 
 they are almost sure to score. If he is forward, 
 play over his head ; if he is near the base line, drop 
 the ball just over the net. Also drive the ball to his 
 rig^ht or left, whichever way will make the play 
 most perplexing. A good player will keep his oppo- 
 nent racing from side to side until he tires him out. 
 Thus, if the ball be played so that while striking the 
 ground on the right side of the opponent's court, it 
 twists outward, he must go to his court to take it. If 
 it be returned with a volley to the left side, it is 
 almost impossible for him to get there in time. 
 When a ball cannot be played away from an oppo- 
 nent, the most embarrassing play is to place it at his 
 feet. He must then step to take it, and he will be 
 very likely to miss it." 
 
 An important fact to remember, with regard to 
 position, is that — supposing you are not left-handed — 
 it is safer to keep to the left of your court than to 
 the right, for to play a ball that drops on the left of 
 you, you must either change your racquet from right 
 to left, or take the serve backhanded; whereas, if 
 
32 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 you keep to the left of the ball, 3'ou can run out and 
 take it in the natural way. Of course it is possible 
 to overdo anything, and your adversary may catch 
 you now and then too far back or too far to the left, 
 but, on the whole, it is a safe maxim in Lawn Tennis 
 to observe two injunctions — "Stand back," and "Keep 
 to the left." 
 
 Avoid as much as possible showing your play to 
 your adversary; take your time, but do not be so 
 deliberate as to show him where you intend to place 
 the ball. On the other hand, do not be in such a 
 hurry that it is odds against your making the stroke 
 you strive for. 
 
 In taking a served ball, the striker-out should stand 
 about three feet back from the service line. If the 
 serves are swift, he may go back to the base line; 
 but if very slow, he should stand near the service 
 line. In returning the ball, it is as well always to 
 drive to the opponent's left hand, as back-handed 
 strokes are all more diffcult to take, especially if 
 they strike near the base line. A striker-out in tak- 
 ing a ball should always remember that the right 
 moment to do so is just when it has pitched, and, 
 having exhausted its force, is about to fall. At this 
 moment it takes whatever direction the racquet gives, 
 having no force in itself. If struck while ascending 
 from the ground, it will leave the racquet at an angle 
 equal to that of its incidence, and not in a line with 
 the stroke. This will often take the ball up in the 
 air instead of returning it just over the net. ^ There 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 33 
 
 IS a common trick which used to be more general than 
 it is now. It is called putting cut on the ball. In 
 order to do this, the striker slants his racquet so that 
 it strikes the ball at an angle of thirty degrees. This 
 gives a double motion, first, the line of stroke, and 
 secondly, a rotary movement of the ball, which, 
 when it strikes, causes it to rise in an unusual manner. 
 
 THE FIELDER. 
 
 The "fielder" is the player in a four-handed match 
 on either side who is neither the server nor the recip- 
 ient of a service, but assists his partner by looking 
 after the defence, taking the shots the forward player 
 declines or misses. An English writer says: "The 
 one requirement which the fielder needs beyond those 
 of the server and striker-out is the art of ' volleying ' 
 — that is, of taking the ball on its full pitch. For 
 those who play up near the net it is indispensable. 
 Few things are so exciting as a close-fought ' rally' 
 up at the net. Every stroke seems charged with 
 fate, and the spectator's eye can often hardly keep 
 pace with the rapid interchange of strokes. The 
 object of each is first to return his adversary's shot, 
 and next to elude his adversary's racquet. Coolness 
 is a great requisite for the player who ' plays in,' for 
 he must be prompt to judge when to play at the ball, 
 and when to let it pass him. The back fielder must 
 be a good runner, for he has a lot of ground to cover, 
 and he should be equally good at right or left-hand 
 play, and be able to run one way and hit another. 
 
34 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 Be steady before you are showy. Do not imagine 
 that a stylish uniform will add to yo'ur play, or that 
 jumping up at a ball you could easily reach without, 
 or playing backhanded at a ball you could have 
 just as well have played straightforward, will impress 
 the spectators, except to show them how little you 
 know of the game. To keep your temper is a golden 
 rule; if 3^ou cannot you might as well retire from the 
 Tennis field." 
 
 THE FOUR-HANDED GAME. 
 
 In a four-handed game the server remains with 
 one partner through each game, and passes from 
 side to side of the net in the same manner as in a 
 single-handed game. Thus if A and B play C and 
 D, and A and B win the toss, A and B may arrange 
 who shall serve first. Say A serves the first, then 
 C and D may agree who shall serve through the 
 next game. Say C serves, then B serves the next, 
 and then D, and so on in the same order till the set 
 is through. In playing together, the non-serving 
 partner generally plays forward and the server back. 
 The skill and entiente with which partners aid each 
 other has a material effect on the game. The for- 
 ward player should not be too near the net. The 
 nearer he stands to the service line the better. Where 
 one ace is scored by the forward partner playing vol- 
 leys at the net, at least two are lost by so much of 
 the court being left unprotected. Thirty-six feet is a 
 very wide space for the most active player to cover 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 35 
 
 in width, and when his partner stands close to the 
 net, he is left with a defaut in front of him of nearly 
 thirty feet, far too large a share to cover. Instead of 
 this if the forward player takes his position on the 
 service line, he can take all the balls pitching short, 
 as well as volleying such as come within his reach. 
 
 It is as well to repeat here distinctly what is stated 
 in the rules, that if one partner touches a ball his 
 partner cannot afterward play it. It is dead. But if 
 he strike at it and miss it altogether, his partner may 
 play the same ball. The rear partner will have quite 
 enough to do to keep the game going without think- 
 ing much of where he shall place the ball. All the 
 telling strokes should be made by the forward player. 
 He generally gets most of the credit, while the real 
 hard work and most difficult play is done by his 
 partner in the rear. 
 
 Nothing is more trying to the temper of the rear- 
 most player than to see his partner dancing about at 
 the net, trying to accomplish the most difficult strokes, 
 and missing five out of every six. Where ladies 
 play, they should take their full share in the game. 
 It is not very interesting to spectators where a lan- 
 guid beauty, with her dress tied so tightly back that 
 she can barely move six inches in a step, stands in an 
 exquisite pose in one corner of the court, leaving her 
 wretched partner to cover the whole of the rest of 
 the court to protect. 
 
36 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 A GAME PLAYED. 
 
 We cannot do better than to describe a game 
 played on a single court, as it will initiate the novice 
 into the technicalities of the game better than chap- 
 ters of special instructions. We will suppose Brown 
 and Jones to be the contestants, the former winning 
 the toss and taking the service. 
 
 Brown is called the " server " in the first game, 
 and Jones the " striker-out." Brown begins serving 
 by standing on the right-hand half of his base line, 
 and has to send the ball into his opponent's front 
 right-hand court, so that it falls between the net, the 
 side line, the service line, and the half-court line. His 
 first stroke misses, and a " fault " is charged to him. 
 His second attempt sends the ball over the net into 
 the proper court. Jones runs up as it bounds, and 
 returns it over the net. The ball is now "in play" as 
 long as it falls over the net anywhere within the out- 
 side lines, and as long as the players take it either on 
 the "volley" — that is, before it touches the ground — 
 or on the first bound. In this way it goes backward 
 and forward several times, till presently Jones, hit- 
 ting rather too hard, sends it outside one of Brown's 
 side lines, who accordingly wins the first stroke, and 
 scores 15. (The first ace scored counts 15, the sec- 
 ond 30, the third 40, and the fourth gives the game, 
 provided the opposing player's score is only 40.) 
 
 Brown, as the server, now takes up his position on 
 the left half of his base line, and serves this time into 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 37 
 
 Jones' court. He gets over first time, and the ball 
 dropping close into the net, Jones does not reach it 
 in time, and so fails to return it. This makes Brown's 
 score 30, and once more he crosses over and serves 
 from ricrht to left. But this time his ball fails to s^et 
 over the net, and the second, instead of falling into 
 the proper square, drops on the other side. Having 
 thus made two consecutive foults, he loses that stroke, 
 and the score accordingly stands at 30 — 15. 
 
 The next stroke he gets over the net all right, and 
 Jones apparently returns it; but the latter, instead of 
 taking the service on the first bound , takes it on the 
 " volley," which is not allowed in the case of a service 
 (though it is quite admissible when the ball is "in 
 play"), and therefore loses the stroke, making the 
 score 40—15. 
 
 On Brown's next service Jones gets well under the 
 served ball and returns it hard, and as Brown failed 
 to meet it in time, the stroke is Jones'. Score 
 40—30. 
 
 In the next serve, however, it seems as if Jones 
 were to be paid back in his own coin, for Brown's 
 ball in serving now touches the net, and falls out of 
 reach of the striker-out. That, you say, makes game 
 to Brown. No. If the ball touches the net in the 
 service, and falls on the other side, it counts as a " no 
 ball," so that not only has Brown not won the game, 
 but he must serve again from the same court. His 
 first shot flies right over Jones' base-line, and is a 
 fault. The second is better, though only just in, for 
 
38 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 It falls on one of the lines that bound the required 
 square. Jones returns it, and an exciting passage at 
 arms ensues. At last it falls out on Brown's side, 
 but Browii, having been indiscreet enough to touch 
 it as it passed with his bat, the stroke falls to Jones 
 once more, and the score is now 40 all, or "deuce." 
 
 Jones wins the next stroke, and the score is then 
 "vantage" to Jones, who, if he wins the next, claims 
 the game. However, he does not win it, for Brown 
 plays a ball over his head right on to his base-line, 
 where he cannot reach it. The score consequently 
 goes back to "deuce," where it will remain till one 
 of the two combatants scores two strokes running. 
 Brown leads off his next service with another fault, 
 which is disallowed, even though Jones takes it. But 
 the next stroke he gets over, and Jones misses the 
 return ; " vantage " to Brown. The game now be- 
 comes exciting. Jones wins the next stroke, and the 
 score accordingly goes back again to " deuce." And 
 so it progresses, until finally Brown being at " van- 
 tage," a smart " rally" close up to the net ends in his 
 favor, owing to Jones having struck the ball before 
 it had passed to his side of the net. And so ends the 
 first game. 
 
 The " set " is for the best out of eleven games — 
 that is, whoever scores six games first is declared 
 winner of the set. If both players should tie at five 
 games each, they may choose whether the next game 
 shall decide, or whether they will fight the matter 
 out by treating the score as a deuce of games, and 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 39 
 
 going on till either one wins two consecutive games 
 on the top of " games all," as five games each is 
 called. 
 
 PLAYING AT THE NET. 
 
 The London Fields in a lengthy article on the 
 point of play known as " volleying from the net," 
 says: 
 
 « Our Lawn Tennis columns have during the last 
 four weeks contained a variety of correspondence 
 from players of the game upon the subject of the 
 man at the net. One class of writers state their opin- 
 ion that such a line of play, though a winning one, 
 tends to spoil the interest in the game and to detract 
 from its popularity, and suggest new legislation, 
 which shall render the practice illegal, in the phase 
 of which they complain. Another series of writers, 
 among whom figure the names of such masters of 
 the art as Messrs. Hartley, Lawford and W, Ren- 
 shaw, point out that the fault, if any, lies in the 
 mediocrity of the play of those who find themselves 
 beaten by the tactics of the player who stands at the 
 net; and, that the position, so far from being an 
 advantage, should have the contrary eflfect, if met by 
 reasonable skill and with proper tactics. 
 
 " We can all i^member to what a state net play 
 had reduced the game before the alteration in the 
 laws (passed in 1880) made the stroke a losing one 
 if the ball was volleyed before it had passed the net, 
 or if the striker touched the net with his racquet or 
 
40 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 body. Up to that time it iiad been a common prac- 
 tice to see one player on each side in a four-handed 
 game standing up and sprawHng over the net, dis- 
 placing the latter in many instances, and smashing 
 the ball down to the ground before it even reached 
 his own court. These tactics paid, and unless each 
 side mutually agreed to abandon them, both were 
 obliged, in self-defense, to adopt them. It could not 
 be denied that this mode of play spoilt the game; it 
 shortened the rallies, and that not by any display of 
 skill on the part of the forward player. It was the 
 latter fact which led to its condemnation. It is easier 
 to shoot a hare in her form than after she has been put 
 up, but it is not sport. It was easier to smother tlie 
 return in embryo, before it had crossed the net, than 
 to volley it after it had entered the striker's court. 
 A fifth-class player could play the smothering game 
 with success, where he would be unable to return the 
 ball with accuracy from the rebound, or with a volley 
 in mid-court. It was because net play, under the 
 then existing laws, put mediocrity at a premium, and 
 with the effect of curtailing the interest in the game, 
 that the subsequent alterations in the rules took 
 place. 
 
 "We should be sorry, if the present rules afforded 
 facilities for making the game unpopular with the 
 majority, as it threatened to do at one time prior to 
 1880. That a certain section desires even further 
 niodifications, in order to discourage a style of play 
 which they dislike, and to which they often find them- 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 4I 
 
 selves opposed, we must admit from the correspond- 
 ence which we have lately published. But the 
 grounds on w^hich these writers now ask for altera- 
 ,tion are, as shown by the letters from championship 
 players, widely different from those which led to the 
 alterations of 1880. The latter v^'^ere carried to pre- 
 vent mediocrity from having an advantage over supe- 
 rior play. The present arguments tend to show that 
 it is only over mediocrity itself at the back of the 
 court that mediocrity at the net possesses any advan- 
 tage. A player who takes his stand, like a monu- 
 ment, close up to the net, is much more easily avoided 
 by the striker who Is returning the ball than one who 
 stands near to the service line. If a forward player 
 stands very close to the net, the niference Is that his 
 volleying is not sufficiently accurate or severe to ena- 
 ble him to be effective further off. If he can be 
 effective in his returns from a greater distance, it is 
 manifestly to his advantage to stand there. That he 
 elects to go close to the net is at once admission on 
 his part that he Is at best but a second-class volleyer. 
 Against good and well-judged returns, a forward 
 player should stand either at least as far back as the 
 service line, or else forswear forward play altogether 
 while so opposed. 
 
 "When inferior players oppose those of their own 
 class, then It Is that the man at the net comes into 
 play; he can then find It pays to stand close up, while, 
 if his opponents were more skilled, he would see that 
 his tactics practically extinguished himself. Those 
 
42 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 who find the game spoilt, as regards themselves and 
 others of their own caliber, by the play of the man 
 at the net, have two courses open to them. They 
 can either improve their own standard of play, and 
 so enable themselves to demonstrate to the operator 
 of whose style they complain that his tactics do not 
 pay against their resources; or else they can, when 
 inferior back play is confronted by similarly inferior 
 net play (/. ^., when, as alleged, the game is thus 
 spoilt for both sides), come to mutual understanding 
 that forbearance shall be exercised on both sides, and 
 that neither shall send a man to stand at the net," 
 
 THE LAWS OF THE GAME. 
 
 THE COURTS. 
 
 I. The single court is seventy-eight feet long, and 
 twenty-seven feet wide. It is divided across the 
 middle by a net, the ends of which are attached to 
 two posts, standing three feet outside of the court on 
 either side. The height of the net is three feet, six 
 inches at the posts, and three feet in the middle. At 
 each end of the court, parallel with the net, and 
 thirty-nine feet from it, are drawn the base lines, the 
 ends of which are connected by the side lines. Half 
 way between the side lines, and parallel with them, 
 is drawn the half court line, dividing the space on 
 each side of the net into two equal parts, the right 
 and left courts. On each side of the net, at a dis- 
 tance of twenty-one feet from it, and parallel with it, 
 are drawn the service lines. 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 43 
 
 (The double court, for three and four-handed 
 games, is in length the same as the single court, but 
 it is enlarged in width from twenty-seven to thirty- 
 six feet, but the service courts are the same size as in 
 the single court. The net line, in a double court, is 
 necessarily extended to forty-two feet in length.) 
 
 THE BALL. 
 
 2. The ball shall measure not less than two inches 
 and fifteen thirty-seconds of an inch, nor more than 
 two and a half inches in diameter; and shall weigh 
 not less than one ounce and fifteen-sixteenths of an 
 ounce, nor more than two ounces. 
 
 THE GAME. 
 
 THE CHOICE OF SERVICE. 
 
 3. The choice of sides^ and the right to serve in 
 the first game shall be decided by toss; provided that, 
 if the winner of the toss choose the right to serve, 
 the other player shall have choice of sides, and vice 
 versa. If one player choose the court, the other 
 may elect not to serve. 
 
 THE SERVER. 
 
 4. The players shall stand on opposite sides of the 
 net; the player who first delivers the ball shall be 
 called the server, and the other the striker-out. 
 
 5. At the end of the first game the striker-out 
 shall become server, and the server shall become 
 
44 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 striker-out: and so on alternately in all the subse- 
 quent games of the set, or series of sets. 
 
 SERVING THE BALL, 
 
 6. The server shall serve with one foot on the 
 ground outside of the base line, and with the other 
 on the ground, within, or upon, that line. He shall 
 deliver the service from the right and left courts, 
 alternately, beginning from the right. 
 
 7. The ball served must drop between the service 
 line, half court line, and side line of the court, diag- 
 onally opposite to that from which it was served. 
 
 FAULTS. 
 
 8. It is a Fault if the server fail to strike the ball, 
 or if the ball served drop in the net, or beyond the 
 service line, or out of court, or in the wrong court; or 
 if the server do not stand as directed by Law 6. 
 
 9. A ball falling on a line is regarded as falling in 
 the court bounded by that line. 
 
 10. A Faii!t cannot be taken. 
 
 11. After a Fault the server shall serve again from 
 the same court from which he served that Fault, 
 unless it was a Fault because he served from the 
 wrong court. 
 
 12. A Fault cannot be claimed after the next service 
 is delivered. 
 
 BEING READY FOR THE SERVICE. 
 
 13. The " Server" shall not serve till the "Striker- 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 45 
 
 out " is ready. If the latter attempts to return the 
 service he shall be deemed ready. 
 
 14. A Service or Fault delivered when the Striker- 
 out is not ready, counts for nothing. 
 
 VOLLEYING THE SERVICE. 
 
 15. The Service shall not be " Volleyed," viz.^ 
 taken, before it has touched the ground. 
 
 BALL IN PLAY. 
 
 16. A Ball is in Play on leaving the server's 
 racquet, except as provided for in law 8. 
 
 BALLS TOUCHING THE NET. 
 
 17. It is a good return, although the ball touch the 
 net; but a service, otherwise good, which touches the 
 net, shall count for nothing. 
 
 WINNING A STROKE. 
 
 18. The server wins a stroke (or point) if the 
 striker-out "volley" the service, or if he fail to return 
 the service or the ball in play; or if he return the 
 service or the ball in play so that it drops outside of 
 his opponent's court; or if he otherwise lose a stroke, 
 as provided by law 20. 
 
 19. The Striker-out wins a stroke if the Server 
 serve tw^o consecutive faults; or if he fail to return the 
 ball in play ; or if he return the ball in play so that 
 
46 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 It drops outside of his opponent's court; or if he 
 otherwise lose a stroke, as provided by law 20. 
 
 LOSING A STROKE. 
 
 20. Either player loses a stroke if he return the 
 service or the ball in play so that it touches a post of 
 the net; or if the ball touch him or anything that he 
 wears or carries, except his racquet in the act of 
 striking; or if he touch the ball with his racquet 
 more than once; or if he touch the net or any of its 
 supports while the ball is in play; or if he "volley " 
 the ball before it has passed the net; or if the servide 
 or the ball in play touch a ball lying in his court. 
 
 SCORING STROKES. 
 
 21. On either player winning his first stroke, the 
 score is called fifteen for that player; on either player 
 winning his second stroke, the score is called thirty 
 for that player; on either player winning his third 
 stroke, the score is called forty for that player; and 
 the fourth stroke won by either player is scored game 
 for that player, except as below : If both players have 
 won three strokes, the score is called Deuce; and the 
 next stroke won by either player is scored Advantage 
 for that player. If the same player wins the next 
 stroke, he wins the game; if he loses the next stroke 
 the score returns to Deuce; and so on until one pla^^er 
 wins the two strokes immediately following the score 
 of Deuce, when Game is scored for that player. 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 47 
 
 SCORING GAMES. 
 
 22. The player who first wins six games wins the 
 " Set," except as below : If both players win five 
 games the score is called Games All ; and the next 
 game won by either player is scored Advantage 
 Game for that player. If the same player wins the 
 next game, he wins the set; if he loses the next game 
 the score returns to Games All; and so on, until 
 either player wins the two games immediately fol- 
 lowing the score of Games All, when he wins the 
 Set. 
 
 CHANGING SIDES. 
 
 23. The player shall change sides at the end of 
 every set; but the umpire, on appeal from either 
 player, before the toss for choice, may direct the 
 players to change sides at the end of every game of 
 each set, if, in his opinion, either side have a distinct 
 advantage, owing to the sun, wind, or any other acci- 
 dental cause; but if the appeal be made after the toss 
 for choice, the umpire can only direct the players to 
 change sides at the end of every game of the odd or 
 deciding set. 
 
 24. When a series of sets is played, the player who 
 served in the last game of one set shall be striker-out 
 in the first game of the next. 
 
 25. The above laws shall apply to three-handed 
 and four-handed games, except as below : 
 
 THE FOUR-HANDED COURT. 
 
 36. For the three-handed and four-handed games 
 
4© I, AWN riCNNIS. 
 
 the court shall he lliirly-si\ feet in width. Four and 
 a hair feet inside the side lines, and ])arallel with tiieni, 
 are drawn the service side lines. The service lines 
 are not drawn ])cyond the point at which they meet 
 the service side lines. 
 
 27. In the three-handed ji^anic, the single player 
 shall serve in every allernalc; <j;ame. 
 
 iiii'; i-()iJi{-ii ANDici) (;amic. 
 
 28. In Ihe loiir-iianded game, the j-)air who have 
 the right to servf in llic- Tirst game shall decide which 
 partner shall do so; and llie opposing pair shall 
 decide in like manner (or llie second game. The 
 |)artner of Ihe play(>r who served in the Hrst game 
 sliall serve in llic llilid, and \\\c j)arlntT oC Ihe player 
 who seived in the second game shall serve in the 
 fourlh, and ihe same order shall he maintained in all 
 the snhsetpient games of the set. 
 
 2(). At the heginning of the next set, either part- 
 net of llu" |)air which strnck out in the last game of 
 the last set may serve. 
 
 30, The players shall take the service alternately 
 throngliont the game; a player cannot receive a serv- 
 ice (lcli\'ered to his partner; and llie order of seivice 
 and striking ont once estahlislied shall not he altered, 
 nor shall Ihe striker ont change courts to receive the 
 serx'iee till tlic end o(" the set. 
 
 31. It is a fault if llu> hall served does not drop 
 hetw^een tlii' serviee line, liaH-eouil line, and service 
 side line of the court, diagonally o])posite to that from 
 which it was served. 
 
l.AWN TKNNI8, 49 
 
 TIIK Uyil'lHh\ iJJ'.CISrON FINAL. 
 
 32. In matches, th(; decision of the umpire shjdl he 
 final. Should there fje two umpires, they shall divide 
 the court l^etween them, and tfie decision oi' each 
 shall he final in his share of the court. 
 
 KULIiS IN GIVING OODS. 
 
 33. A Jjiscjue is one point which can he taken hy 
 the receiver of the odds at any time in the set except 
 as follows: 
 
 (a) A V>isque cannot he taken after a service is 
 delivered. 
 
 (6) The server may not take a hisque after a fault, 
 but the 8triker-out may do so. 
 
 34. One or more bisques may be j^iven to increase 
 or diminish otlier odds. 
 
 35. Half fifteen is one stroke j^iven at tlie bej^in- 
 ninj^ of the second, fourth, and every snbs(.-fjuent 
 alternate j^ame of a set. 
 
 36. Fifteen is one stroke jj^iven at the he;_Miiijjii..^ of 
 every j^ame of a set. 
 
 37. Half thirty is one stroke j^iven at the bej^in- 
 ninj:^ of the first j^ame, two strokes j^iven at the bej^in- 
 ninj^ of the second ^ame, and so on alternately in all 
 the su})sequent games of the set. 
 
 38. Thirty is two strokes j^iven a the beginning 
 of every game of a set. 
 
 39. Half forty is two strokes given at the begin- 
 ning of the first game, three strokes given at the 
 
 3 
 
50 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 beginning of the second game, and so on alternately, 
 in all the subsequent games of the set. 
 
 40. Forty is three strokes given at the beginning 
 of every game of a set. 
 
 41. Half Court: The players may agree into w^hich 
 half court, right or left, the giver of the odds shall 
 play; and, the latter loses a stroke if the ball returned 
 by him drop outside any of the lines which border 
 half court. 
 
 DISPUTED POINTS DECIDED. 
 
 Dr. James Dwight, a leading authority in Amer- 
 ican Lawn Tennis circles, thus decides several cases 
 of disputed points in the game which were sent to 
 him for adjudication; 
 
 Case I. Can a player follow a ball over the net 
 with his racquet, provided that he hits the ball on his 
 own side of the net? 
 
 Decision. Yes. The only restrictions are, that he 
 shall not volley the ball until it has crossed the net, 
 and that he shall not touch the net or any of its 
 supports. 
 
 Case II. A player is standing outside of the 
 court and volleys the ball; he then claims that the 
 ball was out. 
 
 Decision. The ball is in play until it touches the 
 ground outside of the court. The player's position is 
 of no consequence whatever. 
 
 Case III. A player standing outside of the court 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 5 I 
 
 catches the ball, and claims that it was certainly going 
 out. Who wins the stroke? 
 
 Decision. His adversary. It is a very common 
 thing for a player to stop a ball in this way, and 
 score the point, but it is by courtesy only that he is 
 allowed to do so. He loses the stroke if his opponent 
 claims it. 
 
 Case IV. The service is delivered before the 
 striker-out is ready. He tries to return it and fails. 
 Is he entitled to have it played over ? 
 
 Decision. No. If he attempts to return the 
 service, he is deemed ready. 
 
 Case V. A ball having been played over the net, 
 bounces back into the court from which it came. The 
 player reaches over the net and plays it before it falls. 
 Has he a right to do so ? 
 
 Decision. Yes, provided he does not touch the 
 net. He has a right to play the ball at any time from 
 the moment it crosses the net into his court, until it 
 touches the ground a second time. 
 
 Case VI. A ball is played into the net; the net 
 player on the other side, thinking that the ball is com- 
 ing over, strikes at it and hits the net. Who loses 
 the stroke? 
 
 Decision. It is simply a question of which hap- 
 pened first. If the player touched the net while the 
 ball was still in play, he loses the stroke. Hitting 
 the net after the ball is dead can make no difference. 
 
 Case VIL A player is struck by the ball served 
 
52 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 before it has touched the ground, he being outside of 
 the service court. How does it count? 
 
 Decisio7i. The player struck loses the point. The 
 service is presumably good until it strikes in the 
 wrong court. A player cannot take the decision upon 
 himself by stopping the ball. If it is going to be a 
 fault, he has only to get out of the way. 
 
 Case VIII. A bystander gets in the way of a 
 player; the latter attempts to return the ball and fails. 
 Has he a right to have the hand played again? 
 
 Decision. Not if he attempted to return the ball. 
 But if he makes no such attempt, and in the luiipire's 
 opinion the bystander was distinctly in the way, he 
 shall then have a right to have the hand played over. 
 
 HINTS ON SCORING. 
 
 The only data on which a correct estimate of a 
 player's skill can be based, in Lawn Tennis, is that 
 which gives the figures of the score of aces by serv- 
 ice and returns. When a player serves the ball, and 
 his opponent fails to return it, the former scores an 
 Ace by Service; and when, on the return of the 
 served ball, the server fails to return it successfully to 
 his opponent, the latter scores an Ace by Return. By 
 this data it is readily ascertained, by the figures of the 
 score, whether a player is most skilful in making a 
 diflEicult service, or whether he is most effective in 
 returning served balls. In a detailed score, too, 
 which records the character of every played ball, 
 
LAWN TENNIS. 53 
 
 whether it be a "fault," a "served" ball, a "returned" 
 ball, a " volleyed" return, together with the number 
 of " exchanges " of played balls, the data for an anal- 
 ysis of a player's general skill is obtained, on which 
 a correct average of his season's play can be made 
 out, something hitherto unattainable under the old 
 method of scoring the game. 
 
 The scorer, in making out a detailed score, will 
 have to note down every individual ball played, and 
 to do this correctly he must watch the game closely, 
 for the movements of the players are very rapid, and 
 if his attention is distracted, even but for a moment, 
 he will be very apt to lose the run of the play. For 
 this reason the scorer of a match game should never 
 act in the double capacity of umpire as well as scorer. 
 
 In scoring " faults " no notice is to be taken of 
 individual faults, but only of faults yielding aces, as 
 it is frequently a point in the game in serving t?ie 
 ball to make a fault on the first ball served, in order 
 to deceive an opponent as to the character of the 
 service. 
 
 An Ace by Service is indicated by the figure one, 
 with a dot placed over it, thus, (j). 
 
 An Ace by Return is shown by the simple figure 
 one, thus, (i ). 
 
 An Ace Scored after a number of "volley" ex- 
 changes—viz. : Returns of fly balls — is marked thus, 
 ( i^), the figure above the one showing the number of 
 "volley" exchanges made before the ace was scored. 
 
 An Ace by P'aults is indicated by the letter (f), 
 
54 
 
 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 and it is recorded to the credit of the opposing player 
 as a return in the total count at the close of the set. 
 The scorer should require the umpire to call each 
 ace scored as made. Thus "15" for the first ace, 
 "30" for the second, " 40 " for the third, and "game" 
 for the fourth. When the score stands at one to 
 nothing the call is " 15 love," the word love indicat- 
 ing no score. When the tally is 40 to 40 the call 
 should be "deuce;" when the next ace is scored after 
 " deuce " the call is " vantage," and the next ace 
 scored after vantage — if by the same player — is game. 
 If the next after "vantage" is by the opposing player, 
 then the call is "deuce " again. 
 
CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 The name of the Club shall be the Kenwood 
 Lawn Tennis Club. 
 
 ARTICLE IL 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 The officers of the Club shall be a President, a 
 Secretary and Treasurer, and an Executive Commit- 
 tee of seven, two of whom shall be the President, 
 und the Secretary and Treasurer. Said officers shall 
 be elected by a majority vote of the Club, at the 
 annual meeting in April, hereinafter provided for, 
 or at any special meeting called for that purpose. 
 They shall hold their respective offices for the term 
 of one year, and until their successors shall be elected. 
 Vacancies occurring in office shall be filled by a 
 majority vote of the Club at any special meeting. 
 (55) 
 
56 CONSTITUTION AND BY-I.AWS. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 MEMBERSHIP. 
 
 Membership shall be of three classes: Active, 
 associate and honorary. The number of active 
 members shall be limited to fifty. Application for 
 active or associate membership may be made to any 
 member of the Club. Each candidate must be pro- 
 posed by one and seconded by another member. No 
 candidate shall be eligible for membership if under 
 seventeen years of age. All such applications shall 
 be reduced to writing, dated, and signed by the pro- 
 poser and seconder, and sent to the Secretary, who 
 shall thereupon post the names of such candidates, 
 together with the names of their proposers and 
 seconders, and date of application, upon the bulletin 
 board in the Club House, in the order in which such 
 applications are received by him, and their names 
 shall be voted upon in that order. The election may 
 be held at any of the bi-monthly meetings hereinafter 
 provided for, and shall be by ballot, a two-thirds 
 vote of all the members being necessary to elect. 
 
 Provided^ That no candidate shall be voted for, 
 whose name has not been posted for seven days. 
 The Secretary shall immediately notify candidates of 
 their election. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 MEETINGS. 
 
 There shall be two general meetings each year: 
 One to be held in the first week of April, and one at 
 
KENWOOD LAWN TENNIS CLUB. 57 
 
 the close of the season. There shall also be stated 
 meetings of the Club, held at the Club House on 
 the first and third Saturdays of each month during 
 the season, at 5:30 p. m., for the election of candi- 
 dates for membership, and the transaction of general 
 business. Special meetings may be held at any time 
 on call of the President or the Executive Committee. 
 The Secretary shall give seven days notice in writ- 
 nig to each member of any such special meeting, 
 stating the time and place of meeting and the busi- 
 ness for which it is called, and only such business 
 shall be transacted at that meeting. 
 
 The Secretary shall give like notice of the two 
 general meetings. 
 
 Seven members shall constitute a quorum at all 
 meetings of the Club. 
 
 The Executive Committee shall meet at any time, 
 at the call of any member thereof, notice having 
 been given to each member ; and at all meetings of 
 the Executive Committee three members shall con- 
 stitute a quorum. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 ACTIVE MEMBERS. 
 
 The annual membership subscription for active 
 members shall be $10, payable within ten days after 
 election as to new members, and on the first day of 
 May in each year for existing members. 
 
58 CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS, 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS. 
 
 Associate members shall pay an annual subscrip- 
 tion of $10. They shall be entitled to the privileges 
 of the Club, but shall have no vote in the manage- 
 ment of its affairs. Associate members shall be 
 entitled to become active members at any time, upon 
 application in writing to be approved by the Execu- 
 tive Committee. 
 
 ARTICLE Vn. 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
 
 The Executive Committee shall be empowered 
 from time to time to make such assessments on the 
 active members, in addition to the annual subscrip- 
 tion, as may be required to meet current expenses. 
 Notice of each assessment, stating the date and 
 amount thereof, shall be posted in the Club House, 
 and members not paying the same within ten days 
 shall be notified by the Secretarj^ Active members 
 not paying their annual fees within ten days from 
 the first day of May shall also be notified by the 
 Secretary. If members so notified shall not pa}' their 
 annual subscription or assessment duly made, within 
 ten days after receiving notice from the Secretary, 
 they shall, at the expiration of said time, be notified 
 by the Secretary of the forfeiture of their rights as 
 members. In case of absence, or for other good 
 
KENWOOD LAWN TENNIS CLUB. 59 
 
 cause, the Executive Committee may extend the time 
 of payment of subscriptions and assessments. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 
 EXPENDITURES. 
 
 No expenditure shall be incurred on behalf of the 
 Club, unless previously sanctioned by the Executive 
 Committee, — provided^ however, that the officers of 
 the Club, or any members acting under the authority 
 of the Executive Committee, shall have power to 
 incur such proper expenditures as may be required 
 for carrying on the play. 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 AMENDMENTS. 
 
 These by-laws may be amended at any meeting of 
 the Club, by a two-thirds vote of all the members 
 present, seven days notice in writing having been 
 given by the Secretary, stating the proposed amend- 
 ment. 
 
 RULES. 
 
 1. The game shall be played in accordance with 
 the rules adopted by the United States National 
 Lawn Tennis Association, and each member is re- 
 quested to provide himself with a copy of such 
 rules. 
 
 2. Playing in shoes with heels or spikes is strictly 
 
60 KENWOOD LAWN TENNIS CLUB. 
 
 prohibited, and a notice to this effect shall be kept 
 posted in the Club House. 
 
 3. Members shall not be entitled to occupy the 
 courts after they have finished a set, if other mem- 
 bers are waiting to play. 
 
 A slate and pencil will be provided at the Club 
 House, on which members are requested to enter 
 their names on arrival at the ground, and they will 
 be entitled to play in the order in which their names 
 stand on the slate. No two members shall occupy a 
 double court to the exclusion of other members 
 wishing to play. 
 
 4. The last players must see that the nets, balls, 
 etc., are returned to their proper places. 
 
 5. All disputes shall be referred to the President, 
 who may settle the same, or in his discretion nomi- 
 nate three members, to whom the dispute shall be 
 referred and whose decision shall be final. 
 
 6. Each member may introduce one friend, a res- 
 ident of Chicago, to take part in the game; but the 
 same visitor may not be introduced more than twice 
 in one month. Each member may also introduce a 
 friend, a non-resident of Chicago, who shall be enti- 
 tled to the privileges of the Club for fourteen days. 
 No member, however, shall introduce more than one 
 friend at a time, and in all cases notice of the inten- 
 tion to introduce a visitor shall first be gi.ven to the 
 Executive Committee. 
 
 7. Ladies shall be entitled to the privileges of the 
 grounds. They may play on Fridays (which day is 
 
KENWOOD LAWN TENNIS CLUB. 6l 
 
 set apart as the ladies' day) all day, and upon other 
 days till 3 p. m., on compliance with the rules. 
 
 8. A copy of the rules shall be furnished to every 
 member, and all members shall be bound b}' them. 
 
 9. These rules may be added to or amended at 
 any general or stated meeting of the Club, without 
 notice; but any such addition or amendment shall be 
 in-unediately posted in the Club House. 
 
 10. The Club Colors shall be dark blue and 
 white. 
 
^^§®i ^^m ^i^TO ©lll% 
 
 Kenwood, Hyde Park, III., 
 
 April i8, 1885. 
 Gentlemen : 
 
 I am instructed by the Executive Committee 
 
 of the Kenwood Lawn Tennis Club, to inform you 
 
 that at a meeting of the Committee, held this 
 
 day, it was 
 
 " Resolved, That the Executive Committee of 
 
 '' the Kenwood Lawn Teftnis Club, do hereby 
 
 '' adopt ' SPALDING'S TRADE - MARKED 
 
 ''LAWN TENNIS BALL' as the standard 
 
 '' batt of the Club.'' 
 
 I remain. Gentlemen, 
 
 Tour Obedient Servant, 
 
 Edward R. Woodle, 
 
 Secretary, etc. Kenwood Lazvn Tennis Chib. 
 
 Messrs. A. G. Spalding & Bros., 
 Chicago and New York. 
 
TENNIS SETS. 
 
 Our line of Tennis Sets are made up with special reference to the 
 requirements of our retail trade, and are the best sets for the price in the 
 market. In addition to the styles listed, we can make sets with fancy bats 
 in handsome box for presentation. 
 
 PRICES OF COMPLETE SETS. 
 
 No. o. Consisting- of 4 cheap bats, 2 balls, short net, 2 poles, etc $ 6 00 
 
 " I. Consisting- of 4 No. i bats, 4 rubber balls, i net 27x3 feet 
 2 portable poles, i mallet, i set guy ropes, book of rules in 
 box complete 1000 
 
 No. 3. Consisting- of 4 No. 3 bats, i net 33x3 feet, 4 covered balls, 
 2 portable poles, i set g-uy ropes, i mallet, book of rules in 
 box complete 15 00 
 
 No. 4. Consisting of 4 No. 4 bats, i net 42x3 feet, 4 covered balls, 
 2 portable poles, i mallet, i set guy ropes, book of rules in 
 box complete 20 00 
 
 No. 5, Consisting- of 4 No. 5 bats with cedar handles, i net 42x3 
 feet, 6 covered balls, 2 portable poles, i mallet, 1 set guy 
 ropes, book of rules in box complete, making- a very 
 fine set 25 00 
 
 No. 6. Consisting of 4 No. 6 bats with cork handles, i net 42x3 feet, 
 12 covered balls, 2 portable poles, i mallet, i set guy ropes, 
 book of rules in handsome box complete 30 00 
 
 LAWN TENNIS NETS. Each 
 
 27x3 feet of best netting- twine $1 75 
 
 33x3 " " '• 250 
 
 42x3 " " " 300 
 
 Lawn Tennis Net Forks for supporting- net in center i 00 
 
 LAWN TENNIS NET POLES. 
 
 No. I. Ordinary portable poles Per pair, $1 00 
 
 " 2. Good " " " 150 
 
 " 3. Best " " " 200 
 
 " 4. 414 foot standard maple pole '* 200 
 
 " S- 45^ foot standard ebonite pole " 300 
 
 LAWN 
 TENNIS BALL. 
 
 No. I. Plain Rubber, 
 
 not covered, per doz. $3 00 
 
 No. 2. Spalding's Trade- 
 
 ' I Marked Regulation Ten- 
 
 (l^m^ 
 
 nis Ball, made of best 
 
 quality rubber, and cover- 
 
 » __^ ^ - ^ // ed with highest quality 
 
 , ^^ ,,,,.,/ vvhite felt, full warranted 
 
 per doz. $5 00 
 
 No. 4. Ayres Tennis 
 y!fc*^- ^i^^B^ Balls 600 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS., 
 
 108 MADISON ST., CHICAGO. 241 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 
 
TENNIS BATS, 
 
 As it is most important to the player to have a bat that suits him exact- 
 ly, we have selected our styles with great care, and being- practical players, 
 we feel that we know what is required. Vie therefore present the follow- 
 ing line with confidence that it will give satisfaction to all. 
 
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 Ai C. SPALDPNC 
 
 108 MADISON ST.. CHICAGO. 
 
 i& BROS., 
 
 241 BROADWAY. 
 
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 NEW YORK. 
 
TENNIS BATS. 
 
 8 a 
 
 I 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS., 
 
 108 MADISON ST., CHiCAfiO, 241 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 
 
LAWN TENNIS BAT OASES. 
 
 No. I. Made of Green Flannel $ 75 
 
 '« a. *" Green Baize i oo 
 
 " 3. " Waterproof Twill and Leather Bound i 50 
 
 MAHOGANY CASE. 
 
 For holding one or two bats to keep 
 from warping. 
 
 Price. 
 
 .$S 00 
 
 The Rotary Lawn 
 
 Tennis Court 
 
 Marker. 
 
 No, I. Extra Large Wheel 
 
 $5 00 
 
 Croquet Charm $1 50. Archery Charm $1 5o- 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS., 
 
 108 MADISON ST., CHICAGO. 241 BROADWAY. NEW YORK. 
 
SPALDING'S TRADE;»MARKED TENNIS 
 BELTS. 
 
 Our No. o, or Club Belt is made of the best Worsted Webbing-, 2j^ 
 inches wide, mounted in best manner, with larg-e nickel plated buckle, and 
 is the finest belt made. Our No. i belt is made of same webbing, leather 
 mounted. We use the following- colors of webbing, and in ordering please 
 state the color wanted or order by the style number: 
 
 No. A, Red. No. B, Blue. 
 No. C, Navy iUue. 
 
 No. D, Brown. 
 No. E, Black. 
 
 No. F, White. 
 
 No. G, Red, White Edge. 
 No. H, Blue, White Edge. 
 
 No. o. Club style, nickel plated buckle each 50c, 
 
 No. I. Leather mounted, double buckle and strap ** 40c, 
 
 Per doz. $6 00 
 " 4 SO 
 
 LAWN TENNIS PANTS. 
 
 Each. Doz. 
 No. o. Club flannel Pants, white, blue or 
 
 gray $5 00 $54 00 
 
 No. I. First quality twilled flannel, white, 
 
 blue or red 4 00 42 00 
 
 No. 2. Second quality twilled flannel, 
 
 white, blue or gray 3 25 36 00 
 
 No. 3. Third quality. Shaker flannel, 
 
 white only 2 25 24 00 
 
 No. 4. Boys' sizes only, fourth quality. , . i 50 iS 00 
 
 KNEE TIGHTS. 
 
 Worsted Knee Tights, each $3 00 
 
 Cotton Knee Tights i 00 
 
 LAWN TENNIS STOCKINGS. 
 
 Per Doz. 
 
 No. o. Regulation, made of the finest worsted yarn. The following 
 colors can be obtained: white, light blue, navy blue, scarlet, gray, 
 
 green, old gold, brown $18 00 
 
 No. I. Fine quality Woolen Stockings, scarlet, blue or brown 12 00 
 
 No. 2. Good •• '* *' " " " 900 
 
 No. 3. Second quality Woolen Stockings, scarlet or blue, with white 
 or drab cotton feet , 6 00 
 
 TENNIS SHOES. 
 
 Extra Fine Calf -skin, maroon, yellow and black, per pair $6 00 
 
 Fine Canvas Shoes, per pair $1 50, 3 00, 4 00, 5 00 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS., 
 
 108 MADISON ST., CHICAGO. 241 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 
 
LAWN TENNIS CAPS AND HATS. 
 
 LAWN TENNiS HAT 
 
 Made of white flannel, trimmed 
 any color, flat top or round, 
 same as cut (the plain white 
 flannel and trimming- are 
 
 mostly used) $i 50 
 
 2d quality i 25 
 
 LAWN TENNIS CAP, 
 
 Same style as cut, flannel(white, 
 blue or gray), with or with- 
 out Visor $ 71; 
 
 In addition to the styles above mentioned we are prepared to make any 
 style of Cap known, and will furnish at prices corresponding to above. 
 
 LAWN TENNIS SHIRTS. 
 
 LACED FRONT SHIRT. 
 
 ■^■"x o. Tennis Club Shirt, 
 
 )f extra heavy flannel, 
 
 nade expressly for our 
 
 :Iub trade, any style, Ea. Pr.Dz. 
 
 vhite, blue or gray $5 00 <$54 00 
 
 N 3. I. First quality tw'ld 
 
 iannel, white, blue or 
 
 ?ray 4 00 42 00 
 
 3. 2. Second qual. tw'ld 
 
 iannel, white, blue or 
 
 ?-ray 3 25 36 00 
 
 "N 3. 3. Third quality, 
 
 Shaker flannel, white or 
 
 jray 225 2400 
 
 N ). 4. Boj's' sizes only, 
 
 )f fourth quality i 50 1800 
 
 Cfose Fifctins: Shirts. 
 
 \N orsted knit, tight fitting eques- 
 trian Shirts, each $3 50 
 
 Cotton knil ditto, each 200 
 
 A. G. SPALDENC & BROS., 
 
 108 MADISON ST.. CHICAGO. 241 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 
 
DIRECTIONS FOR MEASUR MENT. 
 
 Shirt. 
 
 Size of Collar worn <, 
 
 Length of Sleeve, bent from center of back 
 
 Size around Chest 
 
 Length of Yoke from shoulder to shoulder 
 
 Pants. 
 
 Size around Waist 
 
 Length of outside seam from Waist to 8 inches below the Knee. 
 
 (For Full Pants, measure to the foot.) 
 
 Length of inside seam; Size around Hips 
 
 Coat. 
 
 Size of Chest 
 
 Size around Waist 
 
 Length from Center Seam, in back, to Shoulder Seam 
 
 Leng-th from Shoulder Seam to Wrist, with arm bent 
 
 Length from Collar to bottom of Coat 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS., 
 
 108 MADISON ST., CHICAGO. 241 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 
 
Ilie largest Snorting Us House 
 
 IN THE WORLD. 
 
 Manufacturers, Importers and Wholesale and 
 Retail Dealers in 
 
 GENERAL SPORTIN& GOODS 
 
 OF SUPERIOR QUALITY. 
 
 It being universally acknowledged that we lead the world in the 
 manufacture and sale of Sas© Sail Supplies of every des- 
 cription, we can, with considerable pride, call your attention to the 
 leading articles included in this department of our business. 
 
 "Spalding's LEagnE" Ball 
 
 adopted as the official ball of the S^atleaal Sf©agtt© and other 
 associations, and acknowledged the best ball made. We also manu- 
 facture several other grades of balls for professional or amateur use. 
 
 Spaldlsg^s ^sadi©=Ma?£ged 
 
 •wttBPPH BPIiIs BP¥g*^ 
 
 made from superior selected stock, thoroughly seasoned, turned by 
 hand in the most approved models, and highly polished. These 
 bats have been used exclusively by the champion batters of the 
 National League for the past seven years. 
 
 CATCHERS' MASKS, GLOVES, AND BREAST PROTEC- 
 TORS, SCORE BOOKS, BELTS. SHOES, SHOE 
 PLATES, BAT BAGS, BASES, TURN- 
 STILES AND STAND CUSHIONS. 
 
 ®as© ©all 1ifiai.iffo)giam.s> made to measure in the 
 latest styles. 
 
 Send for i6 Page Journal of Summer Sports and Catalogue of 
 Base Ball Supplies. 
 
 A. C. Spalding &, Bros., 
 
 io8 Madison St., 241 Broadway, 
 
 CHICAGO. NEW YORK. 
 
The Largest Seneral Sporting his House 
 
 IN THE WORLD. 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 Manufacturers, Importers, and Wholesale 
 and Retail Dealers in 
 
 General Sporting Goods 
 
 ®f Siip©s4®F Quality. 
 
 By late additions to our former excellent stock, we have now the largest 
 
 and most complete assortment of fine hunting material in the country, 
 
 consisting of 
 
 Guns, Rifles, Revolvers, and Gun Material, Single and Double 
 Barrel Muzzle Loaders, Single and Double Barrel Breech- 
 Loaders, including all standard English and American 
 manufactures. Single and Double Barrel Hammerless 
 Breech- Loaders, including the celebrated Westley 
 Richards, and other English and American makes. 
 Repeating Rifles, Single Shot Rifles, Gallery 
 Rifles, Saloon Rifles, Air Rifles, and Muzzle- 
 Loading Rifles, over one hundred varieties of 
 Revolvers, Hunting Garments of every 
 description. Powder, Shot, Shells, Glass 
 Balls, Clay Pigeons, Traps, Etc. 
 Loaded Shells a Specialty. 
 
 Spalding's Thirty-two Page Illustrated Journal of Field Sports and 
 Gun Catalogue sent free. 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 io8 Madison St., 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 241 Broadway, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
THE liARGEST 
 
 Sporlinjilooisbe 
 
 IN THE WORLD. 
 
 Manufacturers, Importers a d 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 
 
 SENERALl ISP0RTIN6I 
 I 600DS I 
 
 OF 8TJPEK10K QUALITY. 
 
 The Feature of our assortment of l!*£®&£ag ^^aefel© is the extremeljr 
 fine quality of all goods handled by us. Sportsmen who appreciate the 
 merits of articles which have been thoroughly tested will at once recognize 
 that "the best is the cheapest," and the best oppoi;tunities for sport are 
 often lost through defective apparatus. We carry a large line of the highest 
 quality of 
 
 Bass, Trout and Fly Rods, 
 
 IN LANCEWOOD, SPLIT AND NATURAL BAMBOO. 
 
 German Silver^ Nickel and Brass Multiplying Reels 
 
 Of single, double, treble and quadruple multiplying action. 
 
 Snellel and Ringed flooSs, Trolling SDoons, Baits and Artilcial Files 
 
 In great variety and of the highest quality. 
 
 SILK, LIlSrEN^ ANJy COTTOlSr lillSTES, 
 
 Braided or cable laid, raw or oiled, and of any len([;th. 
 
 SINKERS, SWIVELS, FLOATS, ROD MOUNTINGS, TACKLE 
 
 AND ROD CASES, BAIT BOXES, BUCKETS, BAGS. 
 
 LUNCH BASKETS, ETC. 
 
 NEWS OTD SEINER 0F nhh KINDJS. 
 
 Also a full line of Camp Tents, Chairs, etc., Oars, Row Locks, Pocket 
 Compasses, Flasks, Drinking Cups, and other articles necessary to the 
 convenience of the Angling Fraternity. 
 
 Spalding's 24 Page Angler and Tackle Catalogue Sent Free. 
 
 A. C. SPALDING & BROS., 
 
 108 Madison Street, 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 241 Broadway, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
f o« eF4LBiN/o ^ Kmee** 
 
 CHICAGO STORE. 
 
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 G. SPALDIIG & 1B0S., 
 lOS MADISON STREET, CHICAGO. 
 
 24 i Broadway, New York. 
 
S.LAWK 
 
 TENNIS 
 
 The Largest General Sporting Goods House in the World. 
 A. Q. SPALDING & BROS., 
 
 Manufacturers, Importers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 
 
 QIMIB^L SPOITWG GOODS 
 
 OF SUPERIOR QUALITY, 
 
 Making a specialty of supplying- cluhs :ind the hest retail trade, we 
 have manufactured a Ime of &A,W1« TWMMJi.^ SB)^'S which are beyond 
 question the 1 Iandsomest, Lightest, Best Finished, and most durable 
 sets to be found anywhere. 
 
 WE HAVE A LARGE STOCK OF THE 
 
 GELEBEATED KENWOOD, WINDERMERE, 
 UNION GLUB AND JUNIOR BATS, 
 
 AND THE 
 
 SPALDING" REGULATION TENNIS BALL, 
 
 ADOPTED AS THE OFFICIAL BALL OF THE KENWOOD LAWN 
 
 TENNIS CLUB. 
 
 ALSO A FULL LINE OF 
 
 Handle Covers, Bat Cases, Nets, Poles, Court Markers, 
 
 etc. Also Lawn Tennis Uniforms, consisting of 
 
 Shirt, Pants, Cap, Belt, Hose and Shoes. 
 
 SPA1LI>IN«'S liAWHT TJRWIVIS MABfU AD. — (Illustrated.) 
 Containing full instructions in the popular g-ame of Lawn Tennis. 
 I lustrated articles for beginners, and the new rules of the National 
 Lawn Tennis Association. 73 pages. Price, by mail, 10 cents. 
 
 Send for 16 Page Journal of Summer Sports and Catalogue of Lawn 
 Tennis Supplies. 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 108 Madison St., 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 
 241 Broadway, 
 
 NEW YORK.