Class. Book. COPYRIGKT DEPOSIT ^IMPERIAL GRAMDM! The Most Reliable Food foa Nursing Mothers, Intants, Children, Invalids, convalesoents and the aoed. §«► PIGTfefRCSQfeiC ) o d^H lUastrated Guide T5 THE City of Boston. Q 0- Ul 111 III I" * ''"'T'^Uiifi #M ^,// ''m///'''m WK J. A. & R. A. REID, PUBLISHERS, ^.aPKOVlIiENCE, K. I.Kia® \ NEW ENGLAND NEWS COMPANY, MACHINERY «-- A. B. PIT KIN/ Ig/^fstpa .!'.!?' IMIBJ MiOST OKI^IOH'rE^UI^ -1^1 OCEAN ^ TRIPS T ARE MADE VIA THE Boston, Biimoie jlJoilt Steanistt H The trip out and back by the sat^iT^eamer is n,";^r^ht days, and affords two days at Bal- "'"°ra"n.r itfclnL Wharf every Wednesday and Saturday at . o'clocU p. m. Returning, leave Baltimore every Monday and Thursday, Norfolk one day later. Oup fleet comprises the following first-class ships : DORCHESTER, 2,800 Tons, Capt. Howes. CHATHAM. 2,800 Tons. Capt. March. D. H. MILLER, 2,500 Tons, Capt. Taylor. PASSENGER ACCOMMODATIONS ARE UNSURPASSED. For rates of passage and reservation of staterooms, please address, GEO. E. SMALLEY, General Agent, Central Wharf, Boston, C. p. GAITHER, Soliciting Agt. 290 Washington Street. THE WM. ROGERS MFG. CO., MANUFACTURERS OF- THE CELEBRATED ^ ROGERS GQODS, THE_BEST_1LECTR0_S^^ WARETHATMSjyiADE^^ ^^ SURE TO BUI OUR MAKE OF GOOD S^ TEA SETS CAKE BASKETS, CARD STANDS, BONBON BOXES AND TRAYS, BERRY DISHES.' CASTERS, PICKLES, ETC.. ETC. SPOONS, FORKS, KNIVES, LADLES, CARVERS, SHELLS, ETC., ETC. FACTORY : N°- 66 MARKET STREET, HARTFORD, CONN.' p. O. DRAWER, 30. . i ^_ "'^3 1 - ^* *n7TrIlT0 PERSONAL ATTENTION. A. H- SPENCER, I A I tN I Ul MODERATE CHARGES. 28 State St.. Boston. GLENWOOD -IN EITHER- R .ilL MT Gr E;, Parlop Stove of OlaFm Air Farnaee, IS THE ACKNOWLEDGED STANDARD. Thousands have been sold and their merits are known and praised by all who use them FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC- NO FAMILY CAN AFFORD TO BE WITHOUT A CLENWOOD. See them before you buy, and if they are not sold in your vicinity, write to the manufacturers for circulars and prices. WEIR STOVE CO., TAUNTON, MASS. Graceful Form I ^&f^ ^^€us6 HEALTH and I PERFECTLY COMFORT I COMBINED IN MADAME FOY'S SkirtSu pporti ng Corset It is one of the most popular iu the market aud for sale by all leading dealers. Price by mail $1,-JI). FOY, HARMON & CHADWICK, New Haven, Conn. For LAlilES and MISSES, BOYS and GIKLS. THE VERY BEST GARI>IE>T EVER MADE. ll/IJV Because it SnpportN StorkinKS and Uiiilpr. Wni ■ clothes from the SIIOUr.l>Ki«.S, has no ■ ■ ■■ ■ ■ „tii| cordM, tits beautifully aud with perfect ease and freeiloiii. For sale by leadini^ dealers. Send for illustrated price list. FOY, HARMON & CHADWICK, New Haven, Conn The Leading PIANO-FORTES of the World >A.RB THE^ Shoninger Pianos. ESTABLISHED 1850. Because they are the Best Now Made. No other can Compete with them. Will Sing Their Own Praise. Facts which cannot he better demonstrated than hy thintineiits Firsc-t]lnsN. K:E^IVr>r«IOK:, Manager, . Mechanics Hall, Mass. Steam Heal, Coiiiiitereial KateN. $i2 per day. MURPBY&fe- 4 &«"??« 5b6 BOSTON. iJii^e Magazine — .•S-AHD-f SooiC Jffu4>rrationj Portraits, MacJdnery, Buildings, Land- scapes, Plates for Color Printitig, Labels, Etc. CATARRH CURED BY ELECTRICITY! |Iiilli.llll.|iD&DSTaSOLO|IIOjl'S ELECTRIC Catarrh % Cure ! Is a quick and certain cure for Catarrh, Neuralgia, Headache, Hay Fever and Colds, And all kindred diseases. It clears the head, sweetens tbe breath and cures the disease in all its stages. The worst Nervous Headache Cured in from one to three minutes. Price, $1.00 per Bottle. ONE BOTTLE WAKRANTED TO CURE THE WORST CASE. Mrs. Dr. Augusta Solomon, 75 Court Street, - Boston, RRass. The trade supplied by Weeks k Potter, Boston. NEWPORT & WICKFORD Railroads Steamboat Company. THE ONLY RAIL LINE BETWEEN NEWPORT and NEW YORK. Express Trains, with Elegant Drawing Room Cars, between Wickford Landing and New York. Tickets sold and baggage checked at Steamer Eoliis, Commercial Wharf, and at Transfer Company's Office, No. 4 Travers' Block, Bellevue Avenue, Newport. Drawing Room Chairs and Sleeping Car Berths can be secured at com- pany's office, Commercial Wharf. TIME-TABLE SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Junel,lfe89. Fiom Newport. Leave Newport Wickford Belleville Wickford Junction. Arr. 5 3o 638 5 43 9 40 9 43 A M A M 7 30I10 20 8 32111 22 8 35!11 25 9 471 8 40^11 30 F M[ P M P M 4 45 8 16 4 32| 5 47 9 17 4 35 6 60 9 20 4 40! 5 55 9 26 P M 11 15 12 17 12 20 12 25 Wickford Junction ..Lve. Providence Arr. Boston Arr. 5 43 9 64 8 43 2 46 I) 60 10 46 9 16 j 16 8 46 12 30 10 36 4 30 .Lve. Wickford Junction, Kingston Wood River Junction Niantic Westerly Stoninjfton Mystic New London Saybrook New Haven Bridpreport South Norwalk Stamford New York Arr 8 46 m 9 48 10 02 10 18 10 25 10 34 10 43 10 60 11 20 12 !0 1 30 1 67 11 88 11 49 12 II 12 20 1 06 1 40 2 26 2 67 . . . 7 05 3 30 4 30 8 00 335 3 46 3 51 4 20 6 10 5 6 30 4 44 6 06 9 28 6 35 6 40 9 55 7 00 8 00 1100 4 63 6 28 6 IC 6 26 5 33 644 6 (0 6 10 6 40 9 06 9 31 7 46 8 15 9 00 9 31 6 02 635 7 00 •^ 3 40 4 35 6 21 5 48 6 04 7 00 To Newport. Leave New York Stamford South Norwalk Bridgeport New Haven Saybrook New London Mystic Stouin^ton , Westerly Niantic Wood Siver Junction Kingston Wickford Junction. ..Arr. . 8 30 8 43 Boston Providence Wickford June. .Lve. '.Arp. ...17 45 10 001 00I9 10 11 10 4519 48 II 39! A M 6 00. 6 11 6 3ll 7 03 7 60 9 06 9 35' 10 06 10 14 10 23 10 32 10 44 10 S4 11 lu U 30 ... 13 06 .... .,12 60 .... '•'' I 26:3 05 1 '3 33 1: 1 69 3 41 2 07 3 61 4 01 4 09 2 32 4 30 2 46 4 44 2 30 3 05 3 51 4 3u 5 01 5 08 6 18 5 49 6 05 1 00 2 211 2 65 PM 5 00 626 6 55 7 41 8 10 P M 11 30 12 20 12 43 1 12 1 65 2 51 3 36 Wickford Juno,, Belleville Wickford Newport 11 40 U 44 11 47 1 00 3 5614 63 3 00I4 68 3 0315 03 4 lot.... 11 30 12 50 1 24 930 9 35 9 .38 10 40 6 12 6 17 5 20 6 25 Connections : — At Wickford Junction, with New York, Providence & Boston Railroad. At Providence, for Boston and Worcester. At Kingston, tor Peacedale, Wakefield, and Narragansett Pier. At Wood River Junction, for Hope Valle)-. At Stonington, for Watch Hill, and Stonington Line Steamers for New York. At New London, for Norwich, Hartford, Springfield, Pittsfield, Alban\', and Sar- atoga, N. L. N. R. R. At Saybrook, for Hartford, Connecticut Valley R. R. At Bridgeport, for Great Barrington, Stockbridge, and Lenox, Housatonic R. R. B. GARDINER, Supt., PROriUENCE, R.I. C. U. COFFIN, Agent, NEWPORT, R. I. ARROWWANNA MILLS. Palmer's Patent Canopies. I PALMER'S PATENT THREAD Window Screen ! CLOTH, l>lore Durable tliait Wire. Plain or Decorated, Piano ©acks i¥||i»m§^#^_.- — ^^T AR.ROAVWANNA ITH VALANCK PALMER'S PATENT. ■"-"'i-'aUiiallffi _. Cut No. l'.'ui— O. \ =JM^ v.>^ A!l styles made with or without Valance. PALMER'S PATENT. cm iJo. S'.»i Several decrees have already been takeu against iDfringers of this Hammock without the !nllo\v. _ Beware of all i Hammocks except thoae stamped *' Palmer's Pat "" — -- - luiH naiiiuiuuji %Yitiiuut me piilo%i . ijc B Pateut." Noue but the trade supplied, Manufacturer of Cotton Tissues, Crinoline Linings, Mosquito Netting, Window Screen Cloth, Ham- mocks, Canopies and Canopy Fixtures, School Bags, Self Adjusting Pulleys, Etc. ®hc ^aknnft, IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIKIIIIIIIIIIIIIIilllllll SAKOJJUET POIJJT, * IilTTIiE COffiPTON, R. I. J. %. StOC'WM, Prep. Is now open for its Second Season, with more rooms and new attractions in Row Boats, Lawn Games, etc. House is situated directly on the ocean, and within a minute's walk of Steamer Queen City's landing. For circiihu' and particulars address, J. L. SLOCUM, Box 1034. Providence, R. I. Or. Little Compton, R. I. tJohnson's XjJLJDi:Ei3' JL1' CORTICELLI WASH EMBY. (ON SPOOLS.) Ask for Corticelli E S Si^sa, And see that you get it. Nonotuck Silk Co., Sole Manufacturers . AFtifieial Teeth Withoat Plates I ^^^j^^^^n^n^ SHEFFIELD'S CROWNING SYSTEM IS A PERFECT SUCCESS ! Tr'T avoids the pain of extraction ; it utilizes old roots which would otherwise be useless; it restores ==- the mouth to its original beauty. W. W. SHEFFIELD, D. D. S., NEW LONDON, CONN. L. T. SHEFFIELD, D. M. D., 26 WEST 32d ST., NEW YORK. Are the Inventors, Projectors and Proprietors of all the p-itents covering the above named system. Try it and satisfy yourself. Send for pamphlet, free. If you WoVild 5a\>e yoUr ^sIatUral TeetV;, Vi5e DR. SHEFFIELD'S CREME DENTIFRICE AND ELIXIR BALM Put up in Tubes, Jars and Bottles, in the most convenient form for traveling. They cleanse the teeth, perfume the breath, and prevent the accumulation of tartar and decay. Being /;-e/rt;-f(/ by Dr. S/ieflield is sufficient guarantee of its harmlessness and efficacy. Send 25 Csnts lor Tan Sample Tubes, Mailed FREE. !^v»y^ '-^r ^u Sllustffltctr ©tiitif to tj)c €iU\ aa it By Robert Grieve. if^- \i^ 1^ t!^- PROVIDENCE. R. I.: J. A. & R. A. REID. PUBLISHERS. 1559. CopyyightcJ, liSq, hy J. A. .t R. A. REID. umi GOf/3CF(VAT0I\Y'or/AuSlG pat]Rlii^S([u&re BostoR The Largest Musical Institution IN THE IM^ORLDT Music, Literature, Elocution, Languages , Art, General Culture 40,000 Pupils, 49 States, Territoiies, Provinces, Countries. Faculty of Eighty -Nine Professors. The'.Combined Advantages of the following thoroughly equipped Schools, viz. : For the Piano; The Organ; The Formation and Cultivation of the Voice, Lyric, Art, Opera; The Violin, Orchestra, Quartette, and Ensemble Playing, Orchestral and Band Instruments, Art of Conducting; Harmon^', Composition, Theory, Orchestration; Church Music, Oratorio, Chorus Practice ; Sight-Singing, Vocal Music in Public Schools ; Tuning, Regulating, and Repairing Pianos and Organs; General Literature, Modern Languages; Elocution, Dramatic Action ; Fine Arts; Physical Culture ; College of Music ; Home for Lady Pupils. Instruction is given by ablest American and European artists and teachers, class and private lessons. Students in any one school have the free advantages of all the schools, such as concerts, recitals, sight-sing- ing, and chorus practice, lectures, readings, etc., also use of large musical library. ~ The Home is supervised by the Director, Preceptress, Resident Physician, and Lady Teachers. The entire building is heated by steam and lighted by electricity. Opportunities here offered not surpassed by any similar institution In the world. TUITION : $5, $10, $15, $20, and $25 per Term. Board and Rooms, $5 to $7, 50 per week. NEW ENGLAND CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC, EJ. I'OUIiJEjK, DDii-e-otoi', Beniitirully Illustrated CntaloBiie Free. FRANKLIN SQUARE, BOSTON. Preface. X) picfur^sqti^ <• Boston IS DESIGNED TO BE AN ACCURATE, CONCISE AND READABLE SOUVENIR GUIDE TO BOSTON AND ITS SURROUNDINGS AS THEY EXIST AT THE PRESENT TIME. WHILE ALLUSIONS ARE INCIDENTALLY MADE TO THE PAST HISTORY, THE MAIN OBJECT HAS BEEN RATHER TO DEPICT THE FEATURES OF THE CITY AS THEY ARE VISIBLE TO-DAY. LITTLE AT- TEMPT HAS BEEN MADE TO DESCRIBE THE INNER LIFE OF THE COMMUNITY, AS THAT TASK IS NECESSARILY BEYOND THE INTENT OF A GUIDE BOOK, BUT BOTH IN THE TEXT AND ILLUSTRA- TIONS AN ENDEAVOR IS MADE TO PRESENT THE MATERIAL LINEAMENTS OF THE NEW ENGLAND METROPOLIS SO THAT THE STRANGER OR OCCA- SIONAL VISITOR, OR EVEN THE BUSY RESIDENT OF THE CITY, CAN OBTAIN A CONCISE AND GRAPHIC IDEA OF THE ENTIRE LOCALITY OR ANY PORTION HE MAY DESIRE TO KNOW ABOUT. ^llQ ■ publisl^efs. ESTABLISHED IN 1870. CUSHMAN BROS. & CO., Shade 5^ollers, Window Shades^ Opaque and Tint Cloths^ Hollands and Uj)- holstery Hai'dware, Upholstery Goods. IMPORTERS OF JOHN KING & SON'S SCOTCH HOLLANDS. 82, 84 and 86 Hawley Street, BOSTON, MASS. Philadelphia Store, 917 FILBERT STREET. LARGEST STOCK, AND LOW PRICES. O'.or Spring Shade Hollers, Tint Cloths and Opaques are the Very Best Goods on the market. Buy CUSHMAN'S make of goods and you will get articles guaranteed perfect. We are manu- facturers and sell to all fiist-class houses throughout the United States and Canada. FACTORIES, SOMERVILLE AND CAMBRIDGE, MASS. me GeiettH OaR Mes. XN our line of Oak RanRpes, (viz. : Oak Leaf, White Oak and Live Oak), we offer to the trade and buyer, what is ac- , knowledged by those selling them, and also by those using them, the Leader in this class of Ranges ; and, as the manufacturers, we guarantee that the working of them, ihe quality of iron and the workmanship are equal the most high l>riced Ranges. The Direct Kindling Damper and Ventilated Oven are two excellent features of our Ranges which recommend them on sight. Sold by dealers in nearly all the principal towns and cities, and fully warranted by THE NO. DIGHTON CO-OPERATIVE STOVE CO., MANUFACTUKEKS, ] TAUNTON, MASS. r. O. ADDRESS. W.N.&M.G.Mh, BROADWAY, TAUNTON, Agents for our full line of goods, in- cluding the Ptize Oak Parlor Stove. NOKTH DIGHTON, MAS.S M CONTENTS. CHAPTER 1. THE CITY OF BOSTON. Early History of Boston — Its Influevce on" the Rest of the Country — Character and Literature — First White Inhabitant — The Settlement OF THE Peninsula — Colonial Times — Revolutionary Doings — SuBSEquENT History : . . . Pages 13-17 CHAPTER II. THE CENTRAL PART OF THE CITY. Historic Places and Biildings — Through the Common — Then Past King's Chapel — City Hall — Old South Church ■ — The Newspaper Office — Old State House — Faneuil Hall — Custom House — Post-Office — Washington Street — The Dry Goods Stores — The Theatres — Park Scy^ARE — Railroad Stations — The Water Front, Etc. . . P.iges 19-27 CHAPTER III. A TOUR IN THE BACK BAY. A Reclaimed Marsh — Down Boylston Street — Natural History Building — Massachusetts Institute of Technology — Trinity Church — The New Old South — The Museum of Fine Arts — The New Public Library Building — Copely ScyJARE and its Surroundings — Commonwealth Ax'enue Pages 29-35 CHAPTER IV. A TOUR IN THE NORTH END Historic .Associations — Its Streets and Limits — Hanover Street — North Sc^L'ARE — Its History and Associations — Cjirist Church and Paul Revf.re — The Northern Depots ... ... Pages 37-41 CHAPTER V. THE OLD WEST END— THE STATE HOUSE. The Old Time Literary Centre of the City — Historic Associations — State House — Beacon Street — Louisburg SquARE — Charles Street — Charles River Embankment — Massachusetts General Hospital Pages 43-49 CHAPTER VI. THE SOUTH END — SOUTH BOSTON. The Limits of the South End — Widening Boston Neck — Principal Streets, — Churches and Institutions — South Boston — Its Connecting Bridges — Broadway- — The Perkins' Institution — Other Public Institutions — Mount Washington — City Point and the Marine Park . Pagtrs 51-55 THE- PARKER GUN Best and Lowest Priced Gun in the World. J^ AMMERLESS AND HA MMER GUNS.®i^H Sold by the Trade Everywhere. Description Catalogue Mailed on Application. IVIANUKACTURED BY PARKER BR0S., nCRIDEN, eONN. Stoeks and Dies,' Showroom, 97 Chambers Street, N. Y. THE ARMSTRONG MF'G CO., Bridgeport, Conn. Uanufactarers of the ABUSTBONG CELEBBATED flHO OTHER TOOLS, FOK WflTEt^, STEfllVl fl^r GflS FITTERS. We especiallv recommend our New No. 2h STOCK, Threading Pipe from I to 14 Inch, Inclusive. ALSO, BOLT DIES, I.ATIIK AM> CLAMP DOGS, TAP WRENCHES, ETC. Jlie High Keputatiiiii AH'iitiitl hy these GoodSf needs titt fjftin tni'nf. 'THE? BEJSTT I{S TME; 1 1 V')ii Cannot G":*! Them ot Your Dealt", ^cnd for <",jtHlosije and Pricpo. CONTENTS. (continued.) CHAPTER VII. SUBURBS AND DISTRICTS. Annexations of Suburban Localities — Area — East Boston — Charlestqwn District: Bunker Hill and the Navy Yard — Roxbury District — West RoxBURY District — Dorchester District — Brighton District, Pages 57-61 CHAPTER VIII. PARKS AND PUBLIC GROUNDS. The Common — The Public Garden — -Franklin Park — Back Bay Park — Marine Park — Other Parks Pages 63-71 CHAPTER iX. INSTITUTIONS OF BOSTON. churches — religious and benevolent organizations — art and science — musi- cal societies — libraries — schools and colleges — halls — theatres — hospitals — secret societies — MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS . Pages 73-8 CHAPTER X. SEA AND SHORE. Boston Harbor — Its Character, Dimensions, Channels and Islands — Its Influence on Seamanship — Nantasket Beach — Nahant — Point of Pines — Crescent Beach — Beachmont — Oak Island — Ocean Pier. Pages 83-91 CHAPTER XI. EDUCATION — THE CLUBS — THE PRESS. Early Interest in Education — The Development of the School System — Present Condition — Harvard College — Other Educational Institu- tions — Libraries — The Clubs of Boston: The Somerset, Union, Algon- (yjiN and Others, Artistic, Intellectual, Sporting and Technical — The Newspapers — The First Publications — Daily Advertiser — Post — Jour- nal — Herald — Globe — Transcript — Traveller — Saturday' Evening Gazette Pages 93-105 CHAPTER XII. THE ENVIRONS OF BOSTON. Cambridge — A Trip there by Street Cars — Harvard University — Scenes in Cambridge — The Washington Elm —The Longfellow House— Brook- line — Chestnut Hill Reservoir — Somerville — Chelsea — Newton — Ly-nn — SWAMPSCOTT — Marblehkad — Salem . . . Pages 107-1 13 STRANGERS' GUIDE Page iiS 1^^^ ^,e CCK(^£^ ^i^4^/4^'^laiK/^»>i waJ /ii^ CTt/r^ T. r /hf d^ftoi^ uvu/}f:^A^i'//:ht Ma/'ana/t . ^u^/^'/i/ J/^^l^^ /c'^i^' ^^/^a///u^!i/r^, /7/a/uA/r// mff/x/a^^/Jh// a/i^/Yiir^a,^^^ ^J ■ ^/a/ /r/ad' a^JaJ a/zrar/z/Z/r {///(olf ^/2^^//a/d^ Imperial Granum is the most remarkable medicinal food ever brought before the public. It ii a solid extract from the best growths of wheat, and is of a highly' nutritious character. For invalidi of all classes, and infants especially, it has no equal in the market It has long been before th< public and is endorsed b_v the most skillful physicians and recommended earnestly by all who havf tested it. — ^^ Christian Inquirer" August, iSSS. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. A Spinning Exhibition by Bostox Maidens on the Common Atlantic House, Nantasket, ..... AtTUCk's MONI'MENT, .... Be \coN Street, NEAR State lIousK, Boston & Albany Railroad Station, Boston Harbor, .... Boston Post Building, Boston Towers, .... Boston Transcript Building, . City Hall, ..... commonwe.vlth avenue, Fanueil Hall and Faneuil Hall Market, Frog Pond, Boston Common, Harvard Medical School, Home of the Boston Herald, Hotel Pemberton, Hull, Life on the Lake, Public Garden, Longfellow's House, • . . Nanta ket Beach, .... Nantasket Hotel, .... New Court House, .... New England Conservatory' of Music, New Old South Church, New Old South Church Tower, Old Colony Railro.\d Station, Old Granary Burying Ground, Park Street Entrance to Boston Common, Post- Office, ..... Providence Depot, .... Public Garden, Views in . Pulpit Window in the Old South Church, ScoLLAY Square, .... Soldier's Monument, .... State House, from the Common, . State House, Dome of, . , Tremont Street, ..... Trinity Church, .... Trinity Church Tower, Washington Elm, .... Winthrop Statue, .... Young Men's Christian Association Building !>•" 1 753. 37 S7 57 99 53 59 26 23 33 71 47 61 91 87 63 107 81 S7 43 51 41 29 53 45 13 19 49 67 34 39 69 • 15 29 45 • 31 . 29 Frontispiece 39 • 73 65. ROBERT M. DIAZ & CO., Importers and Wholesale Dealers in CUTLERY and FANCY HARDWARE. •i9i Wasbingion Sli-evt, opposile School ISireel, KOMTOIV, MASS. MEDFORD FANCY GOODS CO.'S DOG COLLARS. New Eiiglaiifl A^ent!^ for ULSTER KNIFE CO.'S AMERICAN Pocket Kaives. (\ y. U'iss d- Son's Shears, y. Russell Cutlery Co.'s Table Cutlery, etc., 1S47 Rogers Bros. A/, Stiver-Plated Ware, Wade d- Butcher Razors. Rol>oi"t 31iii-pli3''s Corlcscrews a,ucl Steel Oootls. THE CELEBRATED Long Reacb Clnl) 8kate. North End Savings Bank, 57 COURT STREET, BOSTON. BOARD OF OFFICERS FOR 1889-go President: THOMAS L. JENKS. Vice- Presidents, : CLINTON VILES, INCREASE E. NOYES, LUCIUS SLADE, Treasurer : HERBERT C. WELLS. JAMES WENTWORTH BROWN. Clerk : WM. C. WILLIAMSON. Board of Investment ; THOS. L. JENKS, CLINTON VILES, NATHANIEL J. RUST, ADONIRAM J. TAYLOR, INCREASE E. NOYES. FRED B. TAYLOR. WILLIAM G. SHILLABER. WM. ROBINSON. Interest on deposits will commence on the first dajs of January, April, July and October. Open from nine to two o'clock, daily. Also, to receive deposits, on Saturdays, until eight o'clock, p. M. THE WASHINGTON ELM, CAMBRIDGE. OUR NEW AMERICAN TATE. Modeled on the lines of the famous Eng^Iish racquet, rostintr Sl.i to mport— whs first presented last season. ]t is said by the best Tenuis Plavers in the country to l«e BETTER than its English rival in all that makes a racquet desirable— that is, in BAEiAIVC'E, e^TRENVTBI aud FUNINH. IT COSTS ;$5.50 With regular stringing, and $7 strung with se- lected English gut. Every racquet warranted. OUR STANDARD RACQUET, With Frame of selected second-growth Ash, strung with good quality Domestic Gut — a thoroughly good Racquet — is delivered Free in any part of the United States or Canada for Three Dollars. Complete Outfits for Athletic Clubs a specialty. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE. HORACE PARTRIDGE & CO., 497 Washington St, Everything Desirable in Life Insaranee IS SECURED BY THE POLICIES ISSUED BY THE Berkshire Life Insurance Company -OF- PITTSFIELD, MASS. They aflbrd the largest amount of Protection for the family, absolute and secure, at the lowest cost ; and also provide Investment for old age, or provision roi; one's self. They are all issued under the provisions of the perfected NoN-Foit- FEiTURE Law of Massachusetts, which gives the insured the most perfm security against loss oflered in the world, and which combines with the protection aflbrded by Life Insurance the accumulative feature of a Savings Bank deposit. The Berkshire has ample assets, a splendid surplus, a long record for fair dealing, pays all losses upon presentation of proofs of death, and issues all approved forms of policies. AGENCIES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES. BOSTON OFFICE, 223 WASHINGTON STREET W. H. DYER, Supt. of Agencies and General Agent. F. J. F3SS. Gen^ral Agent. Chapter 1. THE CITY OF BOSTON. Early History of Boston — Its Influence on the Rest of the Country — Character and Literature — First White Inhabitant — The Settlement of the Peninsula — Colonial Times — Revolutionary Doings — Subse- C(UENT History. The earl}- histoiy of Bos- ton is the most interesting of that of any American city. Here the influence of the Puritans and the Pilgrims was concentrated, and from here all the northern English Colonies in America re- ceived their chief impetus. .Vithough settled ten years after Plymouth, Boston early became the central colony, the headquarters from which settlers went forth to found new homes in the wilder- ness, and its influence always has been paramount in New England both in council and in action. Its history leads out to and largely includes that of the whole of New England, and if it is not the " Hub of the Universe," as Dr. Holmes has styled it, certainly it is the centre of a large section of American life, and the influences in the domains of liter- ature and art diverging from Boston have been and are greater than from any other American city. With that interesting theme in its comprehen- sive aspect the present book has little to say. Talented sons of the old Bay State have from many standpoints, in sober prose, in stately orations, in Park Street Entrance to Boston Common. 14 PICTURESQ.UE BOSTON. graceful poetry, in tales, stories, and novels, pictured forth on the screen of time all phases of its ancient and modern life. The dry facts of its history can be studied in many ancient chronicles and in reliable and comprehensive modern histories, while the stories and novels of Hawthorne bring up before the mental vision with startling distinctness the very texture of the sombre life of the Puritans. The achievements of the Forefathers, both in tlie early settlements and at the Revolution, have been fittingl}' eulogized in noble ora- tions on numerous occasions by Webster, by Everett, by Qiiincy and others, while the legends of the Red Men, the traditions and stories of the settlers, ajid the aspirations of tiie people have been grandly voiced by the poetry of Longfellow, of Lowell, of Holmes, and of Whittier. The more recent life of the community has found able delineators in the pages of Howells, James, Robert Grant, Edward Bellamy, Louisa M. Alcott, and a host of others. With such a history and such historians the life of Boston is an open book, not only to the student but to the ordinary reader. Besides the present and material ciiarms which the beautiful city possesses, the associations connected with the life of the past have invested many buildings and localities with an historic interest, so that the visitor to the citj' need not limit his vision to jDiles of brick and stone, but can realize, through contact with the places where their footsteps resounded, something of the life and works of those who have, by sacrifice and effort, helped to make the present what it is. The first white inhabitant of the land now occupied by Boston was an English clergyman named William Blackstone, who had been living there several jears before 1630, and had a house and a garden with fruit trees. The territory was a pear-shaped peninsula, connected with the mainland at the south by a narrow neck a mile long, and so low that it was sometimes submerged by the tide. The narrowest part was near the junction of the present Dover and Washington streets. In extent the original peninsula was about two miles long by one broad and contained 783 acres. It was distin- guished by three hills, which earned for it, from the settlers who had first located on the neighboring shores, the name Trimountain, subsequently con- tracted to Tremont. The English emigrants, wlio hail come out to the New World under the guidance of John Winthrop, first pitched on Charlestown as a place for their home, but, it is said by some, finding that water was scarce there, on the invitation of Blackstone, they went over to Shawmut, as the Indians and Blackstone both named the peninsula, and settled there, the transfer being made on the 'jth of September, 1630, and the name Boston given to the place, by order of the court held at Charlestown on that date. This name was chosen in memory of Boston, England, the former home of some of the colonists, and especially of Wr. Isaac Johnson, whose wife, the Lady Ara- bella, died in Salem before their house could be built in Boston, and the husband survived her only a few weeks, his body being the first interred in the King's Chapels Burying Ground. The name " Boston " is a contraction of Botolph's Town. The English Boston, in Lincolnshire, was founded in 650 by St. Botolph, a pious Saxon, and contains at present about fifteen 1 6 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. thousand inhabitants. The principal building is St. Botolph Church, which was built in 1309. It is a mammoth edifice, and has a tower 300 feet high which can be seen forty miles at sea. John Cotton, the second minister of the First Church in Boston, and the most famous of the early preachers, was vicar of St. Botolph's for twenty years. William Blackstone sold all the peninsula of Shawmut to Winthrop and his associates, except six acres where his house was, for £30. This lot extended from the top of Beacon Street to the Charles River, and Beacon and Mount Vernon streets run through it now. His house is supposed to have been in the neighborhood of the present Louisburg Square. Black- stone did not continue to live here. Soon he tired of his neighbors and removed to Study Hill on the Blackstone River, (named after him) near the present village of Lonsdale, where he lived in solitude, varied with occa- sional visits to Boston or to Roger Williams, at Providence, until his death, in 1675, at the age of about eighty years. John Winthrop, the leader of the immigrants who settled at Boston, was elected by the people themselves in " General Court assembled" as the gov- ernor of the colony. He had also been appointed governor by the land company, under whose auspices the settlements at Salem had been begim by Endicott in 162S. This company had obtained a charter dated March 4, 1638-9, for the "Plantation in Massachusetts Bay in New England," and Winthrop was the first governor under this chai'ter to exercise authority in New England. The charter was not very explicit, but the colonists gave it a liberal interpretation, assuming powers not granted by its terms, and prac- tically governed themselves under its authority, while still stretching its lim- its. Between 1630 and 1640, 20,000 persons arrived from England, and during^ this period the colonies on Rhode Island, and at Providence, and those in Con- necticut were formed by companies of the English, who went either wil- lingly or were compelled to emigrate because of ditierences of opinions. After 1640 immigration dwindled, and for years it is supjaosed that more returned to England than came from there to Boston. "From 1640 to 1660 the colony was substantially an independent com- monwealth, and during this period they completed a system of laws and government, which, taken as a whole, was well adapted to their wants." The Puritans of Massachusetts Bay were intolerant in religious opinion. They banished and persecuted those who differed with them. Roger Wil- liams, exiled from Salem, settled Providence in 1636, and the Antimonians, John Clarke, William Coddington, and their associates settled Newport two years after. From that time until the last quarter of the century the local history of Boston is disfigured by accounts of the persecution of the Bap- tists and Quakers, several of the latter being executed on the Common. Some victims were sacrificed to the witchcraft delusion at this time. The people, however, learned liberality and before the century closed these per- secutions had ceased and a better spirit prevailed. The restoration of the Stuarts to the English throne in i66o brought PICTURESQL'E BOSTON. 17 trouble to the settlers in Boston. .Soon there began a series of differences with the home government, which resulted in the abrogation of the charter in 16S4. The charter government expired with the appointment of Joseph Dudley in 16S6 as President of the Council for Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, and Maine, and the Narragansett County or King's Province. Sir Edmund Andres succeeded Dudley in December of the same year, and exercised his authority in Boston in a \ erv tyrannical manner. When the rumor of the English revolution of 16SS, and the accession of the Prince of Orange to the throne, reached Boston in the spring of 1689, tlie people rose in rebellion, deposed Andros, and put him in prison, and then instituted a provisional government with the old charter officers. A new charter was received and put in operation in 1692, constituting Massachusetts a royal province, and the Governor was sent from England instead of being elected by the people, as under the old charter. At this time Boston had about seven thousand inhabitants. This charter continued in force down to the time of the Revolution, and the colony was ruled over by eleven ro3'al governors. Boston took an especially prominent part in the American Revolution. Her sons, with the strong instincts for liberty that had been nurtured in them by their education and association, resisted the aggressions of the British government. The celebrated " Boston Tea Partv " occurred December 16, 1773. In 1775 the war really begun, with the skirmishes at Lexington and Concord, in April. The battle of Bunker Hill occurred June 17th, followed bv the siege of Boston bv the American Army under General Washington, and the evacuation of the city by the British forces in March, 1776. These events with all their accompanying details have been thoroughly recounted in history and commemorated in song and story, and the Centennial celebra- tions of 187^ and 1S76 brought out copious information which is readily accessible to all in numerous histories and other books. From the time of the Revolution until the present, the history of Boston presents no salient points as in the colonial or revolutionary days. The city has gone on increasing in wealth and population, has been a centre of unprecedented intellectual activity, and has become a metropolis in all respects. The aim of the succeeding pages is mainly to present the city as it is to-day, its historic features, its beautiful buildings, its institutions and its sunounding and some brief pictures of its life and activities. ?i-«e^ UNITED STATES FAMOUS FOR HALF A CENTURY. Recently Enlarged and Greatly Improved. Pleasure Parties, Ladies and Families visiting BOSTON, WILL FIND THE coinhiniiig: all the conveniences and substan- tial 4'<>nifurts of a pleasant Home, free nlihe fi-fnti e.itrartiyttiit stiow or sHli more extrava- WHILE ITS VERY CONVENIENT LOCATION, DIRECTLY OPPOSITE THE ALBANY, AND ONLY ONE BLOCK FROM THE OLD COLONY and FALL RIVER LINKS, three blocks onlv from the NEW YORK and NEW ENGLAND, and PROVIDENCE and STONINGTON STATIONS, and coniH'Cting directly by HORSE CARS every 5 minutes witli all t1r> Northern and Eastern Railroads and Steamboats, f^iviujj jjiu'stsevfry jios^ibh- facility imd couveiiience of rapid and ecoiiomical transJiT fn)iii all points. fl^UNEQUALLED BY ANY HOTEL IN BOSTON. ^^ Passengers to or from all Southern or W^estern Points, by either Boat or Rail, MAY SAVE ALL CARRIAGE FARES , While Sixteen Hundred Horse Cars, i)assin>:; tliree sidfs of the Hotel, bring it in direct and close connection with every IIailwav -Siation and Stkamhhat AND THE THOUSAND ATTRACTIONS OF CITY, SEASHORE AND SUBURBS. Thus making a most convenient point to stop at on arriving in the city, saving all carriage fares, and for tliose who desire to sjiend a day or week in shoiiping or visiting the thousand objects of art and interest, a most central, desirable, and convenient location, being only two minutes walk from all the Great Retail Stores, Theatres, Objects of Interest and Places of Amusement. POPULAR RATES. For Room only ..... Sll.OO and upwards . For Room and Board . . . '-2.50 " ** Single Meals, 75 cents. Parlors and Baths extra. ROOMS MAY BE ENGAGED WITH OR WITHOUT BOARD. For Special Rates, full particulars will be given, with majis, circulars, etc., on application to TILLY HAYNES, United States Hotel, BOSTON. C AL'cor< . \ Looi I Conve / pied bj AccordioB to Siie, The Post-Office. Chapter 11. THE CENTRAL PART OF THE CITY. Historic Places and Buildings — Through the Common — Then Past King's Chapel — City Hall — Old South Church — The Newspaper Offices — Old State House — Faneuil Hall — Custom House — Post-Office — Washington Street — The Dry Goods Stores — The Theatres, Etc. Probably to a greater extent than any other American city does Boston possess buildings and places of historic interest. These were far more numerous in the recent past than at jsresent, but have been swept away by the widening of streets, by fire, by various improvements, or by the ravages of time. Still those that remain are second to no historic mementoes on the American Continent, and they are objects of instruction and interest to all intelligent visitors, whether foreigners or natives. But not only are the historic places and buildings interesting. Those that are connected intimately with the present and recent life in vital ways possess an interest to manv greater than the others. 20 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. Bostonians, of course, know all about their own city, or at least if they do not it is not from lack of opportunity. So in thus beginning our guide book let it be assumed that it is]mainly destined for the stranger who is either wholly or partially unacquainted with the cit}'. The Common which is one of the chief features of the city is the best place to make the headquarters of any voyages of discov-ery, w^hether on foot into Boston itself or by horse-car into the remoter sections or the surrounding suburbs. With the adjoining Public Gardens it constitutes one of the finest parks to be found anywhere in the centre of a large city, and is so situated that all the objects and regions of interest can more readily be reached from it by the stranger, than from any other place. Entering the Common from the Park Square entrance we see on the left, separated from it by Charles Street, the Public Gardens. Crossing the Common from this point by a plank promenade, we pass on the right the Central Burying Ground, established in 1756, but not now used for inter- ment. As we walk along we catch glimpses on the left of the soldiers' monument in the centre of the Common, and have a good view of the entire grounds with the trees and walks and rolling, grassy slopes. Over the tops of the trees ahead is the gilded dome of the State Hou.se. To the right and running at an oblique angle to the path we are pui'suing is Tremont Street, bordered with stately buildings and with a constantly moving crowd on the further sidewalk. The street itself is always filled with horse-cars moving slowly, often waiting until the blockade will be so relaxed that they can move out, for tliis place is where they diverge from to all points. Here in the open space facing Tremont Street and between it and our path is the new Attuck's monument, erected in 18SS, in honor of the victims of the Boston Massacre. Our path leads us to the entrance on Tremont Street, opposite West Street. Instead of leaving the Common, however, let us proceed along the Tremont Street mall. A short walk brings us to the entrance, corner of Park and Tremont streets. From here let us jjroceed to visit the chief points of historic interest in the city which lie in the immediate vicin- ity and can be reached on foot better than in any other way. The church on the corner across from the -entrance is the Park Street Congregational, built in 1809. Here W. H. H. Murray preached from 1868 to 1S74. In the early years of its history it was sometimes called " Brim- stone Corner" on account of the character of the doctrine dispensed. Pass- ing into Tremont Street we see across the street from the Park Street church, a short street with no outlet, at the head of which is one of the entrances to Music Hall. On the same side and just beyond the Park Street church is the historic old Granary Burying Ground, dating from 1660. It contains the graves of more distinguished people than any other burial place in the cit}'. At the north side of the burying ground is the Tremont House, the oldest hotel in the cit}', built in 1828. On the opposite side of the street directly across from the burying ground, are Horticultural Hall and Tremont Temple, the latter at present the most noted place for meetings, lectures, and conventions in Boston. PICTURESQUE BOSTON. 21 The next street to the left is School. On the northeast corner is the his- toric King's Chapel. The present edifice was erected in 1749, although the first building was built in 16S8 and was the pioneer Episcopal Church in Boston. Beyond the church is the King's Chapel Burying Ground, the old- est place of interment in the city, having been used for that purpose in 1630, the first year of the settlement. It contains the graves of some of the ancient worthies. Standing in front of the Tremont House and looking down Tremont Street we have a view of Scollay Square, a third of a mile distant. On the right of the street, beyond the buryhig ground, is the building of the Massa- chusetts Historical Society, established 1791, the present edifice dating from 1S33. Next beyond is the Boston Museum, the oldest theatre in the citv, long famous for its excellent stock companies. Turning into School Street, a few steps bring us to the main entrance to the Parker House, a fine marble-front building, and the most famous public house in Boston. Almost opposite the Parker House and in the rear of Kings Chapel and Burying Ground is the City Hall. It is some distance back from the street, has a spacious lawn in front, adorned on one side with a statue of Benjamin Franklin and on the other with one of Josiah Quincy. The former eight feet high, is regarded as one of the best public statues in Boston. The Qiiinc}' statue is mounted on a pedestal of Italian marble, the whole being eighteen feet high. These statues cost about twenty thousand dollars each. The edifice was erected in 1862-65, t""*^ '* '^"^ '^°° small for the city's needs. Continuing down School Street, we soon reach "The Old Corner Book- Store," corner of School and Washington, said to be the oldest building with one e.xception now standing in Boston, having been erected in 1712. It was long the headquarters of the publishing business of the city, and here in the past in its rooms many of the noted Boston authors were accustomed to congregate. A few steps north from School Street, on the corner of Washington and Milk streets, is the Old South Church, the most famous church building in Boston. During the Revolution it was the scene of many stirring meetings and was notable in the history of the city on many other accounts. When the New Old South was built on the Back Bay in 1S74-75 the old church was in danger of being sold and pulled down, to make way for business lilocks, as it is situated in the central business section. But the fact that it was endeared to the people by so many memories, having been called the " nia-sery and sanctuary of freedom," caused great efibrts to be put forth for the purpose of preserving the edifice. Eventually it was purchased by the Old South Preservation Committee, and is now occupied by an exliihition of historic and revolutionary relics. The admission fee is twenty-five cents and the mone}' obtained goes to the fund for the preservation of the church. The building is a plain brick structure of a dingy color, and has a tall spire. It was erected in 1730. Down Milk Street, and directly across from the lower part of the Old South, is the building of the Boston Post, which is said to occupy the site 22 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. of the house in which Benjamin Franklin was born. There is a bust of Franklin on the front of the building between the second and third stories, with the words underneath in large letters, ■' Birthplace of Franklin." The building on the corner opposite the Old South is occupied by the Boston Transcript. Returning along Washington Street past the foot of School, we find our- selves in what might with propriety be termed Newspaper Row. The street here is narrow and winding, and a nervous and hurrying crowd is always passing during business hours. On the left corner of Water Street is the building of the Boston yoiirnal. Almost directly across Washington Street is the fine edifice of the Herald., and then on the left again are the tall buildings of the Advertiser and the Globe. Immediately after passing the newspaper offices, we reach the old State House on Washington Street, at the head of State Street. It was built in 174S as a Town House, became the headquarters of the colonial govern- ment and after the Revolution, of the State government. Many of the stirring events of the Revolution are closely connected with it. The build- ing was restored in 1SS1-2 to as near as possible its original appearance before the Revolution. The entire second floor, the attic and the cupola are now occupied by an interesting collection of antiquities, portraits, and engravings under the care of the Bostonian Society. The exhibition is free of charge and is open at seasonable hours every day except .Sundays and holidays. In the open space in front of this buiWing at the head of State Street occurred the " Boston Massacre " on March 5, 1770, when five per- sons of a mob that attacked the British soldiers were killed. The lower end of the old State House abuts on Devonshire Street. Crossing State and going along Devonshire, we soon emerge into Adams Square, formed by the junction of Washington and Devonshire streets, and in the centre of which is Miss Whitney's statue of Samuel Adams, erected in 1S80. Until the placing of this monument here this open space was called Dock Square, and the lower part of it is still known by that name. The rear end of Faneuil Hall building is visible through the vista of ancient looking buildings that still exist in this neighborhood. Going down through the old square and passing around the old building, we come to the entrance to Faneuil Hall, the " cradle of liberty," so dear to the public spirited Bos- tonians, and in and around which so many stirring events have occurred. Here were held the Revolutionary meetings ; herein the citizens of Boston have assembled in times of popular excitement, and the voices of manj' great orators, both local and national, have been heard from its platform. The building is open to visitors. On its walls are many interesting pictures, the largest l)eing a great painting representing Daniel Webster addressing the United States Senate on the occasion of his reply to Hayne. This is directly opposite the entrance. The' hall is not for hire, but can be had from the city government on application of a certain number of citizens. The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company occupy the rooms over the hall. The building was originally erected in 1742 at the expense of Peter Faneuil, and i_:;'ii'^LLr.G.CO.BGSTON. THE CITY HALL. SCHOOL STREET, BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND TREMONT. 24 picturesql:e boston. presented by him to the town. It was rebuilt in 1761, and much enlarged in 1805. In front of Faneuil Hall is the well known Faneuil Hall or Qiiincy Mar- ket, one of the best equipped public markets in the country. It is an imposing looking building, 537 feet long, two stories in height, and the cen- tral part is surmounted by a large dome. A wide corridor runs the entire length down the centre of the building, and on each side are stalls in which the retail provision business of the city is largely conducted, while there are also many wholesale dealers. A walk through the market or around it will more than repay the exertion. The market was built 1S25-26. Leaving Faneuil Hall Square by Merchants Row, which runs out of it to the south, we soon reach State Street. The most conspicuous object that attracts our attention is the exceedingly tall new building across the street. Proceeding down State Street, the Custom House next attracts attention. It stands in the centre of a square, and is a remarkably massive looking building, being formed on all sides of Doric columns, thirty-two in number, while the centre of the building is surmounted by a great dome. This building was erected from 1S37 '^ ^^47 '^^ a cost of over one million dollars, and is entire!}' of granite, roof, dome and all. When built it stood at the head of Long Wharf, but now the massive State Street block reaches to Atlantic Avenue, which skirts the present head of that historic wharf. Turning into Milk Street, the foot of which is almost opposite the south front of the Custom House, a walk of between two or three hundred yards brings us to Post-Office Square. As we emerge into the square we have a good view of the front of the magnificent Post-Office and Sub-Treasury building. In its present form the building was completed in 1S85. Previ- ous to that only the wresterly half, fronting on Devonshire Street and built in 1S75, had been completed and occupied. The finished structure covers an area of 415,000 square feet. The fa(;ades rise more tlian a hundred feet above the sidewalks, in the centre being 136 feet high. The main entrance is from Post-Office Square. On the south side of Post-Office Square the entire space between Con- gress and Pearl streets is occupied by the buildings of the New York Mutual Life Insurance Company and the New England Mutual Life Insurance Com- panj'. These two, constituting in eft'ect one block, are not surpassed in New England for beauty and statelincss. The Mutual Life building is of white marble, with a tower over two lumdred feet in height. Visitors are allowed to visit the balcony, 198 feet from the sidewalk, from where an extensive view of city and harbor can be had. An elevator will carry you up seven stories. The other sides of Post-Office vSquare are linqcl with tall and fine appearing business blocks, so that in this locality can be observed, to great advantage, specimens of the business architecture of Boston. Passing out of the square by Milk Street, opposite the South end of the Post-Office, corner of Milk and Devonshire streets, we see the great granite building of tlie Equitable Life Assurance Society. The roof of this building PICTURESQUE BOSTON. 25 was foniierly used as a United States Signal Service station, which has, how- ever, been transferred to the roof of the Post-Office opposite. Three elevators run up to the ninth story above tlie basement. The roof is open to the pub- lic antl a trip up the elevators is free. From the breezy top there is proba- bly the best easily available view of the business section to be obtained in the city. A few steps up Milk Street bring us out on Washington, at tiie Old Soutii chiuxh. Let us from here stroll down the street southward, although that ^vill be a difficult matter — the strolling part — as this is the busiest por- tion of tlie cit}', and during business hours the sidewalks are filled with a hurrying, bustling crowd. From here on to Boylston Street half a mile r>r more south, is probably the busiest artery of the city. In this section con- necting Washington Street with Tremont .Street, which runs parallel to it, are a number of short streets famous as resorts of retail business. We pass them in the following order : Bromfield, Winter, Temple Place, West Street. Winter Street and Temple Place are the houses of the retail dry and fancy good stores and are the great resorts of the ladies for shopping purposes. In our stroll the great dry goods stores on Washington Street are passed, whose location the visitor will easily detect as he or she proceeds. Beyond West Street we find ourselves in the region of the theatres. First on the right is the Boston Theatre, one of the largest and finest in the country. It has seats for 3,000 persons. The building is in the rear of the shops on the street front and is reached by a long, broad passage way. It was built in 1S54. Adjoining the Boston, on the same side of the street is the Bijou Theatre, a small but daint)' house of entertainment, which has been chiefiy devoted to light and comic opera since it was started, in 1SS2. The next building to the Bijou is the new Adams House, an imposing looking white marble hotel, one of the finest and most popular in the city. It stands on the site of an old, historic inn, the " Lamb Tavern," from which stages started for Providence, Rhode Island, before the era of railroads. A short distance further is the Globe Theatre, on the left side of the street. The present elegant edifice was built in 1S72, and has seats for 2,300 persons. It is now under the management of Mr. John Stetson. On the other side of the street, opposite the Globe Theatre, is the Park Theatre, with a capacity equal to about half that of the Globe. The next street on the right is Boylston. The large building on the southwest corner occupies the site of the Boylston Market, built in 1S09. The old edifice was toin down in 1S87. Before we proceed along Boylston .Street let us look at the building on the other side of Washington, corner of Essex. Here we see a tablet representing a spreading tiee, on the front of the building. This marks the spot where stood the Liberty Tree, under which the " .Sons of Liberty" held their meetings previous to the Revolution. The tree was cut down during the siege of Boston. ■ On the corner of Tamworth and Boylston streets is the building of the Boston Young Men's Christian Union, one of the most excellent institutions of the city, being furnished with library, gymnasium, and various amuse- ment rooms, besides many other conveniences. 26 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. Proceeding along Boylston Street, we soon reach Tremont Street, and before us diagonally- is the Common. The lai'ge building on the right hand, corner of Tremont and Boylston streets, is the Masonic Temple, a beautiful granite structure, finished in 1S67. The buildings on the other two corners are apartments or family hotels, sometimes called French flats. The one on the southeast corner, the Hotel Pelham, was the first one in Boston, having been built by Dr. John H. Dix in 1863. Since then this system of houses has come into vogue in all the fashionable quarters of the city, and they are quite numerous in the Back Bay district. This style of living is chiefly indulged in b\' people of more than average income. Instead of entering the Common let us proceed along Bo3-lston Street, which here skirts the southeast side of the Common. Just beyond the corner of Tremont Street is the Public Library, a plain brick building, erected in 1S5S, but which is now much too small for the necessities of the library. A new building, however, is now in process of construction in the Back Bay district. A few steps further will bring us to our starting point, the Park Square en- trance to the Common. Turning to the left we enter Park Square, an open area at the junction of Eliot and Pleasant streets, and the entrance to Columbus Avenue. The statue in the centre in the midst of a small green is the Emancipation group, designed by Thomas Ball, and presented to the city by Moses Kimball in 1879. It represents President Lincoln with a slave, from whose limbs the fetters are falling, kneeling at his feet. This statue is a duplicate of the Freed- man's Memorial, Lincoln Square, Washington, D. C. On the south side of Park Square is the Providence station of the Old Colony Railroad, for- merh' the Boston and Providence station, one of the finest structures of the kind in the country. The tall tower on the Columbus Avenue side has a clock which is illuminated at night. From this station go the through trains to New York, either by the Shore or Stonington lines. Half a mile eastward along Eliot and Kneeland streets are the Boston and Albany and the Old Colonj' depots. They are located side by side and both front on Kneeland Street. The Boston and Albany station is a fine, Boston Post Building PICTURESQUE BOSTON. large brick building with granite trimmings, completed in iSSi. The Oitl Colony station is a very plain structure, but is well adapted to its purpose. Here passengers take trains for the whole of the southern coast of Massa- chusetts and Cape Cod. A quarter of a mile beyond these two stations, at the foot of Summer Street, fronting Atlantic Avenue, is the station of the New York and New England road, and four squares farther east, on Atlan- tic Avenue, is the Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn station, whence passen- gers are conveyed by ferry to East Boston, thence by rail. A great advan- tage to the public i" the fact that passengers may make the transfer by horse- cars direct from any given station to any one, or to all, of the others in the city. The water front of Boston is well worth a visit. A broad, marginal avenue extends along the principal section. From the New York & New England depot at the foot of Federal Street, this thoroughfare for a distance of nearl}' a mile is known as Atlantic Avenue. Commercial Street then en- ters it and gives its name to the remaining portion, which swings around the North End and continues on until it merges into Causeway Street, at the Charles River bridge. From the wharves which debouch on this thorough- fare all the excursion and coastwise steamers start, the ferries to East Boston and Chelsea have their slips, and here are landed the flour, grain, truit, and general food supplies of the cit}'. At East Boston, on the South Boston Flats, and at the Charlestown dock, the heavy freighting and railroad transfer are chiefly done, al- though the wharves in this sec- tion still do a large amount of this general business. That section of the city bounded by State, Court, Tre- mont, Boylston, and Essex streets may be reckoned as the central business portion. State .Street is the headquarters of bankers and brokers. Until the great fire in 1S72, Pearl Street was the greatest boot and shoe market in the world. Now Congress, Summer, High, and other neighboring streets share more largely than before, this branch of commerce. In this section we find extensive trade in various branches of com- merce, wholesale and retail. Boston Transcript Building. F. S. Frost. H. A. Lawrence. Frost & Adams. Importers, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Artists' Materials CF EVERY DESCRIPTION. SUPPLIES FOR Oil Color, Water Color, China, Lustra, and Tapestrij Painting, Studies for all linds oj Art Work, Mathematical Instruments, Drawing Paper, T. Squares, Architects' and Engin- eers'' Supplies In General. BOSTON, MASS. United btates Agents for Albert Lew's Superior Quality of Blue Process Papers. Send for Illustrated Catalogue. tyM^ail Orders Receive Prompt Attention.,^ Ladd Watch Case Co., MANUFACTURERS OF THE<<— FINEST STANDARD GOLD STIFFENED AND SILVER Wateh Cases. SPECIAL CASES MADE TO ORDER IN ANY STYLE OF MONOGRAM, EN- CRAVING OR FINISH. Factory, 104 Eddy Street, Providence, R. I. NEW YORK OFFICE, II MAIDEN LANE. Chapter 111. A TOUR IN THE BACK BAY. A Reclaimed Marsh — Down Boylston Street — Natural History Building — Massachusetts Institute of Technology — Trinity Church — The New- Old South — The Museum of Fine Arts — The New Public Library Copley S(^uare and Surroundings — Commonwealth The finest locality in Boston at present is the Back Bay District. Originally it was a salt marsh on the southwest side of Boston Neck, but by the filling in of the land it was made a most available site for residence purposes, and within the last twenty-five years it has become the fashiona- ble quarter of the city. Where the tide for- m e r 1 y ebbed an d flowed over shallow flats, broad avenues bordered by stately residences, magnificent churches, museums, libraries, hotels, club houses, and public in- stitutions now exist, and here the wealth, culture and fashion of the city is congregated. No citv in America possesses a more beau- tiful locality than this. All the residences are palaces, its main street is a park, and the schools that give to Boston its fame as an art centre are chiefly located in this territorv. It extends from the Public Garden along .=^-7 \V'. BOSTON TOWERS. TBINITY CHUBCH. STATE HOUSE. NEW OLD SOUTH. 30 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. the Charles River for about a mile, and is from a quarter to a half mile wide. The streets are straight lines intersecting each other at right angles, so that this "New Boston " in this respect diflers radically from the old citv. For a tour in the Back Bay District let us start from the same point as in the tour to the historic and interesting localities in the centre of the city, that is from the Park Square entrance to the Common. Proceeding down Boyl- ston Street, the Public Gardens on the right, we see at the corner of Arling- ton Street (the avenue that forms the southern side of the Garden,) tb • Arlington Street Church, a handsome, freestone structure, erected in 1S59. and the first church built in the Back Bay District. William Ellery Chan- ning was the pastor of the society now worshiping in this church from iSo-', to his death in 1842. We are now fairly in the Back Bay District. On bot'i sides of the street are elegant residences, lines of brick houses three or four stories in height, and all with bay windows which stand out the whole height of the front in a tower-like manner. The next street is Berkeley . On the first left-hand corner is the Hotel Berkeley, one of the finest apart- ment hotels in the city. On the other left-hand corner is the fine brov\ n stone building of the Young Men's Christian Association, erected in 1SS3, one of the b;st appointed, most convenient and commodious edifices of the kind in the countr}^. Standing on the corner of Boylston and Berkeley streets at the Hotel Berkeley, and looking down Berkeley Street toward the Charles River, the view includes many beautiful buildings and objects of interest. On the opposite corner, diagonally, is the building of the Boston Natural History Societ}-, with its surrounding open lawns occupying all the space from Boyl- ston to the next street north, Newbury. The edifice was erected in 1864, and contains a rich and varied collection of all sorts of things illustrating nat- ural histor}-. The museum is open to the public daily from 10 A. M. to 5 p. M. Beyond the Museum is the Central Church, with a tower 236 feet high, the tallest in the city. The edifice was erected in 1S67. Further down Berkeley Street but on the same side, corner of Marlborough Street, is the beautiful First Church, the direct descendant of the actual first church in Boston. The present edifice was erected in 186S. On the grounds adjoining the Natural History Museum on Boylston Street are the buildings of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, con- sisting of two main edifices with some smaller buildings, the whole occupy- ing the entire space from the Museum to Clarendon Street. This institution is one of the best technical schools in the country, and is verj' comprehensive in its scope. Opposite the Institute on the corner of Boylston and Clarendon streets, is the Hotel Brunswick, a very large and elegant ftishionable hotel. Crossing Clarendon Street we enter Copley Square, which at present maybe said to be the artistic and educational centre of Boston. It is a large, triangular, open space, bounded by Boylston and Dartmouth streets and Huntington Avenue. At the corner of Clarendon Street and Huntington Avenue is Trinity Church, by some critics said to be the most beautiful church edifice in the country. It is in mediwval style, the main feature of which is a «- - IS'':: ^$.' ■'vfc. 32 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. central tower. The material of the building is granite with freestone trim- mings, and it has a very cheerful, rich eflect. The church was dedicated in 1877. The celebrated preacher Phillips Brooks is the pastor. On the cor- ner of St. James Avenue and Dartmouth Street, fronting on the square, just beyond Trinity Church, is tlie Museum of Fine Arts, a handsome building in the Italian-gothic style. The Museum is open daily ; on Saturdays from 9 to 5 P. M., and Sunda}- from i to 5 p. m., admission is free ; on other days twenty-five cents is charged. The collections of pictures, statuary and antiq- uities are very extensive, and are unsurpassed anywhere in America. On the Boylston Street side of Trinity Square, at the end toward Claren- don Street, is a range of residences. Next is the Second Church, a very modest appearing structure, but which is the present home of the society that worshiped in the old North Chiuxh which was pulled down by the British in 1775 and used for fuel. Adjoining this church, and extending all the way to the corner of Dartmouth Street, is the Chauncey Ilall School, the largest private school in the citv. It is a preparatorv institution, but begins with children in the kindergarten and carries them along until as vouths, men, or maidens, they are fitted tor college. The school was established in 182S, and the present building occupied in 1S73. On the next corner beyond the Chauncey Hall School is the New Old South, a most conspicuous and beautiful structure. Its most conspicuous feature is a massive tower, 248 feet high, which terminates in a spire in the form of a pyramid. The edifice was completed in 1875. The society that worships here was the third established in Boston, and held their services in the Old South until removing to the new edifice. Beyond the New Old South on Dartmouth Street is the house of the Boston Art Club, opened in 1SS3. The 3'early exhibitions in the spring are free, admission being had h\ tickets fin-nished by members. The new Boston Public Librar}' Building is now in process of erection on the Dartmouth Street side of Copley Square, and the building will occupy, the whole front from Boylston Street to Huntington Avenue. When it is completed the square will have a notable array of buildings surrounding it. remarkable for their beauty, architectural excellence, and for the character of the institutions of which they are the homes. On the north side the New Old South, Chaunce\' Hall School, the Second Church, and many fine residences ; on the south and east, Trinity Church and the Art Museum ; on the west the new Library Building. This array constitutes the locality, the centre of the Back Bay District, as well as the educational, literary, and artistic headquarters of the city, which characteristic will be still further intensified when the new Library is completed. Passing out of Copley Square to the west by Boylston Street, we soon reach Exeter Street. On the southeast corner is the new building of the Harvard Medical School, and just beyond it on Exeter Street is the drill hall of the Institute of Technology. Turning into Exeter Street and proceeding northward, we pass, to the left on the southwest corner of Newbury Street, the beautiful building of the Massachusetts Normal Art School, completed PIL ILRESl^UE BOSTON. :-,?, .i Commonwealth Avenue. in iS8S. On the next corner to the left is the Prince School, finished in iSSi, one of the finest public school buildings in the city. It was constructed on the plan of the German school buildings in which the rooms are placed on one side of a corridor, instead of grouped around a central hall. Across from the Prince School, on the northwest corner of Exeter and Newbury streets, is the First Spiritual Temple, a beautiful edifice in the Romanesque style, the first structure in the city specially designed for the meeting of the Spiritualists. The building in its architectural features, is worthy of its place among the notable structures of the Back Bay. 34 PICTURESQ.UE BOSTON. A few steps further bring us out on Commonwealth Avenue, the central artery of the Back Bay District, and not only the most beautiful street in Boston, but probably as fine an avenue as can be found in anv cit^', either in the Old or New^^'orld. The first portion extends from the Public Gar- den to Beacon Street at the point where that thoroughfare makes a junction with Western and Brighton avenues. For the first mile it runs in a straight line, then deflects and passes through the Back Bay Park. It is 340 feet wide, with a park in the centre and road- wavs on either side ; the dis- tance from curb to curb is 200 feet, thus leaving sidewalks twenty feet wide. In the cen- tral parkway a walk for pedes- trians extends the whole dis- tance from Arlington Street to West Chester Park, nearly a m i 1 e , a n d this p o r t i o n i s adorned with several statues of distinguished men, and lined on both sides with the elegant residences that chai^acterize the whole Back Bay District, although on this street the beautiful buildings, with the mag- nificent setting the street gives them, show to much greater advantage than in any other portion of the locality, with possibly the exception of Copley Square. The prevailing stvles of architecture are the new Greek, the French Renaissance, the English gothic, and various combinations. Until recently railings on either side separated the central park from t]\e roadway on either side, but recently these were removed, thus giving to the avenue a much freer and broader appearance. An extension of Commonwealth Avenue, formerlv known as Massachu- setts Avenue, begins at Beacon Street, and continues for some miles to the main gateway of the Chestnut Hill Reservoir. It is the same width as the first portion. In our walking tour we have entered Commonwealth Avenue from Exe- ter Street, exactly midway between the Public Garden and West Chester Park. Let us turn eastward in the direction of the Public Garden, taking our way along the footpath in the centre of tlie avenue. The first block Pllpit Window in the Old South. PICTURESQUE BOSTON. 35 liiings us to Dartmouth Street, on the corner of which and the avenue on our right is the Vendome Hotel, whose beautiful white marble front presents a striking picture. In the parkway opposite the Vendome is the statue of William Lloyd Garrison, the anti-slaver\- leader, erected in 1S86. On the southeast corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Clarendon Street, the next block beyond the Vendome, is the Brattle Square Church, a stone edifice in the form of a Greek cross, with a massive stone tower. It is the historic successor of the old " Brattle Square Meeting House," which was built in 1772 and pulled down in 1S71, and from which the present edifice derives its name. It is now the property and place of worship of the First Baptist Society, which purchased it in 1SS3. The building was erected in 1S73, but was sold by the old Brattle Street Society because of debt. Continuing on along the parkway near Berkeley Street we pass the statue of General John Glover, erected in 1S75. At the entrance of the avenue is the Alexander Hamilton statue, erected in 1S65. During all this walk the varied character of the beautiful lines of residences on either side have afforded a continual succession of pictures of architectural beauty, wealth and elegance that is unsurpassed in the city. On Commonwealth Avenue at the entrance to the Back Bay Park, in the centre of the parkway stands an ideal statue of Lief, the Norseman, by Miss Anne Whitney. The route we have followed has led us past the principal features of the Back Bay District. If the visitor desires to study it in detail, a walk through Marlborough, Newbiuy and Beacon streets, or the intersecting avenues, will aflbrd him the opportunity to see every part of the district without any great exertion. The streets of the locality are named on a unique principle, which renders it easy to remember their relation to each other. The streets run- ning north and south are named alphabetically, alternating three syllables and two — Arlington, Berkeley, Clarendon, Dartmouth, Exeter, Fairfield, Gloucester, and Hereford, and they are all equal distances apart. Five streets run east and west the length of the Back Bay District ; Common- wealth Avenue in the centre, Marlborough and Beacon streets to the north and Newbury and Boylston streets to the south, also equi-distant from each other. Passing out of Commonwealth Avenue and crossing Arlington Street we enter the Public Garden, the most beautiful spot in the city. The Garden contains over twenty-four acres, is beautifully laid out with serpentine walks, beds of rich'flowers and plants, stately trees afford a pleasant shade. There is a small pond in the centre of the garden, spanned by a massive iron bridge with granite piers, over which the main path leads which connects the Com- mon through the Garden with Commonwealth Avenue. Elsewhere in this book will be found a detailed description of the Public Garden. ESTABLISHED 1857. American Ship Windlass Co, -)3BOX 53. s<- m. 1, Original anij only Build- ers of the Celebrated" Prov- idence " Steam and Hand Windlasses, and Steam, Crank and Power Capstans, for Steam and Sailing Ves- sels, Yachts, Tugs, Wreck- ing Boats, Pilot Boats, Ele- vators, Dry Docks, Etc. And also Winter's Patent Hawse Pipe Stoppers and W'harf and Ferry Drops. The " Providence" Patent C&PSTA^ Windlass The "Providence- Patent Capstan Wind LASS, WITH T. J. Southards Messen- ger Chain Attachment. ■^' «» \ \ \\\\\ \ ^^ The " Providence" Patent Pump Brake Windlass. New Style. The " Providence" Patent Power Capstan. The "Providence" Ratchet Gypsey Windlass. A Spinning Exhibition, by Boston Maidens, on the Common in 1753. Chapter IV, A TOUR IN THE NORTH END. Historic Associations — Its Streets and Limits — Hanover Street — Noktii SquARE — Its History and Associations — Christ Church and Pall Revere — The Northern Depots. That region of Boston lying between the mouth of the Charles River and a line drawn from Faneuil Hall to the Boston and Maine passenger station is known as the North End. It is the north end of the peninsula, and the name is therefore very appropriate. Boston, previous to the Revolution, was almost confined to this section. In those days the Common was out in the country, and the Old South Church, as its name implies, was at the south end of the city. To-day the appearance of the city, as it was in the past, can be better studied here than anywhere else, and, although improvements have obliterated old houses and straightened streets, many ancient-looking struc. tures«till remain in some of the back streets. The whole district has a squalid-looking appearance and is occupied mostly by a population of foreign 38 PICTURESQLTE BOSTON. birth and descent. It is worth a visit, however, if not for purposes of the study of social conditions and environments, at least for its historic associa- tions, and for some of its present institutions. The main streets of the North End are Hanover and North, running the whole length of tlie district, and Salem, Prince and Endicott, running transversely and diagonally across the territory, all these main thoroughfares being intersected and connected by short, narrow and crooked streets, lanes and alleyways. Commercial Street, beginning at the Custom House, becomes the marginal way after running a distance of about one-fourth of a mile, and encircles the greater part of the North End. A visit to the locality can be made either from Tremont Street through Scollay Square to Hanover Street, or from Washington Street through Adams and Dock Squares into North Street. Let us proceed down Hanover Street, which is more central than North Street, and is in fact the main artery of the North End. It is a fine wide street, largely devoted to retail trade, especially in its upper por- tion, where there are man}' fine stores. Leading out of Hanover, obliquely, four streets below Washington on the left, is Salem, one of the most note- worthy thoroughfares of the district. A part of this street constitutes the Jewish quarter of the city, and as we walk along we notice some examples of the old colonial dwellings. The House for Little Wanderers, one of the best charitable institutions in the city, is on Baldwin Place, whicli runs oft Salem Street to the left near its junction with Prince Street . Continuing along Hanover Street the third street we reach after crossing Salem is Prince, passing down which to the right a few steps bring us into North Square, a small triangular space between North and Moon streets. In colonial days, and even after the Revolution, this locality was the centre of the fashionable life of the town. It is now the centre of one of the most squalid regions in Boston. The Old North Church, where the celebrated colonial clergymen. Increase and Cotton Mather, preached, occupied the upper side of the square until 1775, and stood near where the Mariners' Home now is. " Father Taylor's Bethel" was on the east side of the square, but since 1885 the building has been occupied as an Italian Catholic Church. Father Taylor was a re- markable man, and his caustic, blunt, ready wit fitted him for his work as the " Mariners' Preacher," and during his time the Bethel was a great re- sort for all sailors coming into Boston. Returning up Prince Street, crossing Hanover, let us proceed along to Salem Street, turning up which street to the right, a short walk brings us to the Industrial School, corner of North Bennet Street and opposite the head of Sheaf Street, where boys and girls between the ages of nine and sixteen are instructed in various handicrafts. A few steps further bring us to the historic Christ's Church, erected in 1723, and now the oldest church building in the country. It is claimed that it was from the steeple of this edifice that on the night of April iS, 1775, the lanterns were hung out that gave the signal to Paul Revere when he started on his memorable ride to warn Adams and Hancock and the whole country side of the approach of the British O o I- > C/) rO C > m ■| H I m z H O T3 c m 40 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. troops. The Old North Church which stood on North Square, was de- stroyed and used for fuel by the British during the siege of Boston, has also been claimed as the place where the signal lanterns were hung out. A tablet on the front of the church at present, however, claims this historic event for Christ's Church. The steeple was blown down in 1S04, but the present one was immediateh' built, and was an accurate reproduction of the original. The interior of the church remains much as it was in colonial times. Underneath the church there are thiitj'-three tombs. Turning into Hull Street, opposite Christ's Church, we ascend Copp's Hill, one of the three elevations that distinguished the peninsula originally. A few rods bring us to the ancient burial ground on the right. It stands on an embankment, the remains of Copp's Hill, the rest having been leveled and carried away, and is protected by a high retaining wall sur- mounted by an iron fence. This graveyard was established in 1660, and contains the remains of many of the men and women, prominent in the early history of Boston. There are many quaint inscriptions on the old tombstones. The burial ground is open to the public during the most of the year, and during the summer it is used as a park by the dwellers in the tenements on the adjoining streets. It is about three acres in extent, and from it on account of its elevated position, fine views of the harbor, Charlestown, and the Navy Yard can be had. Passing through the burial ground into Charter Street, and descending the hill we soon emerge on Commercial Street. Turning to the left along this thoroughfare, we pass on the right the extensive works of the Boston Gas Company, whose commodious wharves are on the opposite side of the street. Next on the right is the Charles River bridge, completed in 1786, the earliest bridge connecting the peninsula with the surrounding mainland. Beyond the bridge the marginal avenue is known as Causeway Street. A few steps further bring us to the Warren Bridge, built in 1S28. On the corner of Causeway Street and Haverhill, the approach to the bridge, stands the massive granite castle-like station of the Fitchburg Railroad. A short distance beyond, along Causeway Street, are the passenger stations of the Boston & Maine, Eastern Division, and the Boston & Lowell Railroads- Turning into Haverhill Street we soon reach Haymarket Square, fronting on which is the Boston & Maine Station, Western Division. These four rail- road stations constitute what are known as the Northern Depots. The rail- roads run over the Charles River by a series of long bridges, so that the river here is spanned by a complete network. Passing out of Haymarket Square by Sudbury Street, we emerge into ScoUay Square, from vvfhence we can start either for a horse-car ride to any part of the city, or for another walk in the central portions. THE NEW OLD SOUTH CHURCH. The Pairpoint Mfg. Co., SALESROOMS: NEW YORK, . . . . . . . . CHICAGO, SAN FRANCISCO. . . FACTORIES: NEW BEDFORD, MASS. FINE SILVER PLATED WARE IS COMPLETE. STYLE AND DURABILITY UNEXCELLED. ^i \^\ la.f W^m^ The New Court House, Pemberton SiyJARE. Chapter V. THE OLD WEST END - THE STATE HOUSE. The Old Time Literary Centre of the City — Historic Associations — State House— Beacon Street — Louisbury Si(UAre — Charles Street — Charles River Embankment — Massachusetts General Hospital. Before the Back Bay was filled in and became the fashionable residence quaiter of the city, the region between Beacon and Leverett streets and extending from Scollay Square to the Charles River was the abode of the wealthy and fashionable people. It was known as the West End, and although that term now includes the Back Bay loo, this region is in distinc- tion often called the Old West End. That portion of it on the slopes of Beacon Hill still contains numerous fine residences, and is the abode of many old Boston families and substantial middle-class people. It includes the whole of Beacon Hill, and has many steep, hill-side streets. The literary life of Boston centered here in the past, and some of the famous books that made the reputation of the city as an intellectual centre were written here. The historians, Prescott. Motley, and Parkman, the genial and versatile 44 PICTURESQ.UE BOSTON. Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Richard Henry Dana, Charles Sumner, all lived and worked in this locality. Harrison Gray Otis, the first mayor of the city, lived on Beacon Hill, as did also John Singleton Copley, the cele- brated portrait painter, and Wendell Phillips was born in one of its old-time mansions. At jjresent the locality is the home of many of the best known writers, preachers, jurists, and representative men in the city. This is one of the finest sections of the city for the stranger to roam through. It has neither the stateliness and wealth of architecture found in the Back Bay, nor the squalor, dinginess and shabbiness to be found at the North End and South Cove, but is characterized by a substantial, solid, complete appearance, that to many has a greater charm than the magnificence of the new houses of the Back Bay. It also has many historic associations. Here the first settler of Boston, William Blackstone, had his house and garden. Here on Beacon Street, just bej'ond the State House, was the mansion of John Hancock, which was demolished in 1863 to make way for the present edifices. The State House, which is the first object that greets the eye of the stran- ger approaching Boston from sea or land, stands on the highest point of Bea- con Hill overlooking the Common from the northeast corner. It is a very picturesque looking building, surmounted by an immense, gilded dome fifty- tiiree feet in diameter and thirty-five feet high, at the top of which is an observatory open to visitors at all times except when the Legislature is in session. The building is no feet in height. It stands back from the street a considerable distance, the terraced slopes in front being adorned with a fountain and with statues of Horace Mann and Daniel Webster, the latter on the right and the former on the left of the broad outer stairways as one ascends to the front entrance. The front of the edifice is a projecting portico with seven arches on the lower story through which access is had to the main hall, and on the upper story twelve pillars uphold a roof like that of a Grecian temple. The Ijuilding was erected in 1795, its site being the " gov- ernor's pasture," a part of the Hancock estate. It was completed and occu- pied in 179S, the old State House on State Street having accommodated the Legislature until that time. It has been enlarged and improved in its inte- rior arrangement, from time to time, to keep pace with the increasing busi- ness of the State, but at present it is much too small to accommodate all the State offices. A site has been secured for a new State House in the rear, but when the new structure ^vill be erected is uncertain. The State House contains many interesting historic memorials. On entering the building the visitor finds himself in Doric Hall, a large, lofty chamber with a tes- selated floor. In a recess closed in by heavy glass plates, on the further side from the entrance, stands a statue of Washington, and in the same recess are many battle flags of Massachusetts regiments in the War of the Rebellion. On the floor in front of the statue arefac similes of the tombs of Washington's English ancestors, and also tablets from the Beacon Hill Monument, which was removed to make way for improvements. A statue of Governor John A. Andrew stands in a smaller enclosin-e to the left, and in other niches and 46 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. recesses around the chamber are marble busts of Samuel Adams, Charles Sumner, Henry Wilsort, and Abraham Lincoln. Wide stairways at either side lead from lobbies from Doric Hall, as the lower chamber is called, to the various floors, and elevators also are operated. The hall of the House of Representatives is in the centre of the building over Doric Hall, and is the largest room in the building. In it, over the speaker's chair, is the gilded eagle that once crowned the Bencon Hill Monument, and at the oppo- site side, dangling from the roof, is an ancient, wooden codfish, the emblem of the fishing interest, great in the past and in the present. This relic hung in the Representatives' Chamber in the old State House. The Senate Cham- ber is in the east wing of the building, the Executive Department and Coun- cil Chamber in the west wing, the State Library in the back part of the building, and the Committee Rooms in all sections. A visit to the observa- tory at the top of the dome should not be omitted by any stranger. By entering your name in the visitors' book, the watchman who is stationed in the lobby to the right of Doric Hall will direct you how to reach the out- look. Once there the whole city lies spread out at your feet. You are in the best place to see Boston. The adjoining cities and towns, the harbor with its islands, the ofl-lying hills, are all spread before you like a vast pano- ramic map. That portion of Beacon Street extending from the State House along the northern side of the Common has always been the most aristocratic portion of the city, although in recent years the Back Bay has begun to take away some of its renown. Its name to Bostonians represents wealth and fashion, as Murray Hill does to New York, or Belgravia to London. The most striking building now on this section of the street is the Somerset Club House, formerly the residence of David vSears. It is built of beautiful light- colored granite and has a double bowed front. John Singleton Copley, the famous portrait painter, resided in the early years of the century in a house that stood on the site of this building. Nearly all the houses on this noted street have sheltered famous people, so that while it has been the abode of rank and fashion, it has also been remarkable as an intellectual stamping ground. Within the limits of this section of the West End are located many of the noteworthy institutions of the city. The new Court House of Suflblks County is in Pemberton Square, which is reached from Scollay Square. It is a magnificent edifice, and, standing as it does on an elevated site, the portion of its front visible from Scollay Square presents an imposing sight. On Somerset Street, opposite the outlet from Pemberton Square, is Jacob .Sleeper Hall, the main building of Boston University, an institution for the liberal education of both sexes, incorporated in 1S69. On the corner of Somerset and Beacon streets, is the Congregational House, the headquarters of the Congregationalist^ the religious organ of the denomination of the same name, and of which Rev. H. M. Dexter is the editor. Passing into Beacon Street and proceeding south, on the left is seen the building of the Boston Athenaeum. It was completed in 1S49, although the tiMii ■nriiimrmaigrWnfo \ viaartNv-^ -j THE FROG POND, BOSTON COMMON. 48 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. institution dates from iSo6, being tlie outgrowth of a young men's literary club. The library is one of the finest in the country, and is catalogued so thoroughly that all its resources are readily available, and scholars and strangers are always welcomed, and the use of the library afforded them. A fine collection of paintings was formerly on exhibition on the third floor, but it has been transferred to the Art Museum and the space devoted to books. Some large paintings and statues still adorn the vestibule. The real estate and property of the institution are valued at upward of $^oo,ooo, and its fund is also upward of $600,000. Continuing along Beacon Street we pass the State House, then skirt along the upper side of the Common, obtaining a fine view of a large extent of its surface ; of the frog pond, and other features, and on the Beacon Street side passing the Somerset Club and many noble looking residences. Turning into Charles Street to the right, we pass along until Mt. Vernon Street is reached, passing up which we soon i-each Louisburg Square, a small enclosed grass grown area. It once formed part of the garden of Wil- liam Blackstone, the first white inhabitant of the peninsula, and a spring of pure fresh water formerly existed near its centre. The square contains statues of Columbus and Aris^ides. Passing through the square and going down Pinckney Street we again emerge into Charles Street, along which we continue on our way to the right. The next street we reach is Revere, where at No. loS, on the south side of the street overlooking the Charles River is the House for Aged Women. Just before Cambridge Street is reached we pass on the left the Massa- chusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, established in 1S24. The build- ing is a large brick edifice with two wings. Patients are treated here free of charge. When Cambridge Street is reached we are at the Boston end of the West Boston Bridge, over which the main avenue to Cambridge and Harvard College leads. This bridge was built in 1793. Crossing Cambridge Street and continuing along Charles, we are soon alongside of the Charles River Em- bankment, a strip of land extending along the river bank from the West Boston Bridge to Cragie's Bridge, and containing in all about ten acres. It is beautifully laid out with serpentine walk, shrubbery, and flowers, an iron fence extends along the river wall the whole distance. In one portion of this riverside park is a gymnasium ground, separated from the surroundings by a fence. Near the foot of Cambridge Street, and overlooking the Charles River Embankment, is the Suflblk County Jail, a tower-like dark granite building, erected in 1851. The Massachusetts General Hospital is in this neighbourhood. It can be reached from the Charles River Embankment by passing up Fruit Street, the first street beyond the Jail, and then turning into Blossom Street to the left. The main entrance to the hospital is on Blossom, at the foot of McLean Street. This hospital is a private institution and is considered one of the best in the country. It was founded in 1799, and incorporated in iSii. In the PICTURESQUE BOSTON. 49 G. H. Gav ward, reached from Fruit Street, is the operating theatre where the students of the Harvard Medical School receive clinical instruction. Returning to Cambridge Street and proceeding eastward, a walk of about half a mile brings us out on Bowdoin Square, now a street car centre, especially for Cambridge cars. The Revere House, a noted hotel, fronts on this square This locality was formerly an aristocratic quarter, but business has supplanted the old-time style. A short walk along Court Street again brings us out on Scollay Square. PROVIDENCE DEPOT, OLD COLONY RAILROAD. CHARLES BAKER & CO.. L UMBER DEALERS. M ANUFACTURERS OF Doors, Sashes, Blinds, AND THE FINEST Inferiof' and Gxterior WOOD FINISH, From Architects" Plans, and New Desitjns Executed in Selected Native and Foreign Woods. OFFICE, 82 FOSTER ST., Worcester, Mass. FRANCIS DOANE & CO., 116 State Street, Boston, Blank Book Makers^ RAILROAD, BANK, OFFICE, r WW-^-^''^-^ -^". '^i^-^-^^^/^^-^^^^-s^'-y^y^-^^:- STATIONERS. ^ INSURANCE, s SOCIETY,! CORPORATION. We are the SOLE MANUFACTURERS in BOSTON of the |l PATENT AUTOMATIC LEVEL JOINT, FLAT OPENING BLANK BOOKS. Open Flal Iroiii First to Last Pages- NKW ENOLAND AGKNTS KOR BESLY CABIJVET LETTER FILE. We guarantee Best Workmanship, Materials and System for Filing Papers. We Sell as Low as the Lowest. Send for Catalogue. We Carry the Largest ASSORTED Stock of STATIONERY in NEW ENGLAND. Established 1825. Telephone 269. ah sizes, 2 to sm Drawers. GUARANTEE Prices as low as any* for irooflH ot etiual quality, and will refund amonnti of pun base if iipon exniiilnntion they are found unHatisfuclory. Chapter VI. THE SOUTH END -SOUTH BOSTON. The Limits of the South End — Widening Boston Neck — Principal Streets — Churches and Institutions — South Boston — Its Connecting Bridges — Broadway — The Perkins' Institution — Other Public Institution — Mount Washington — City Point and the Marine Park. 'r5?l!{|[|llLij3i, E\v En(;land Conservatory of Music. That portion of Boston south of Dover Street, and east of the Back Bay and extending south to the Roxbuiy district, is commonly known as the South End. Boston Neck, the connecting isthmus between the mainland and the original peninsula, had its narrowest portion about the neighborhood of the present intersection of Washington and Dover streets, and the neck was " so low and narrow that it was often submerged by the tide." As the city increased in population streets were laid out across the flats on 52 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. either side of the neck — Trenioiit Street in 1S32, and Harrison Avenue in 1S44 — ^nd about 1S53 the widening of the neck began by the filling in of the flats. This continued until at present this section is one of the finest portions of the city. The main thoroughfores to the southern suburbs traverse the whole length of the south end. These avenues are Washington, Tre- mont, and Albany streets, and Huntington, Columbus, and Harrison avenues; Both the main and intersecting streets are broad and level in the majority of cases, and a goodly portion of the entire section is devoted to residence purposes, many of the cross streets containing handsome and comfortable dwellings. French flats, or apartment houses are numerous. Washington Street is the backbone of the South End. The intersecting streets are named either east or west according to their position in relation to the central thoroughfare. There are quite a number of small parks in this section : Blackstone and Franklin Square, divided from each other by Wash-ington Street, Union Park, Chester Park, and Worcester Square. Many fine churches and public institutions adorn the South End. The Cathedral of the Holy Cross (Roman Catholic) is on Washington Street; the Church of the Disciples, where Rev. James Freeman Clarke preached from 1841 until his death in iSSS', is on Warren Avenue ; the South Con- gregational Church, where Edward Everett Hale preaches, is on Union Park. (For a list of other church edifices in this and other sections see the end of the book.) Of public institutions the South End has the English High and Latin School, on Dartmouth and Montgomery street^ and Warren Avenue ; the Girls' High School, on Newton Street; the New England Conservatory of Music, on Franklin Square ; the buildings of Boston College, Harrison Avenue, and many others. The New England Conservatory of Music is the largest institution of the kind in the world. It occupies a large seven storied building with a front- age of 185 feet on Newton Street and 310 feet on James, and overlooks Franklin Square. This building was formerly the St. James Hotel, but was secured for the Conservatory of Music in 1S82. The building was re- arranged and now has a large concert hall, recitation and practice rooms, library, reading-rooms, parlors, museum, and fifty or more rooms for students. Instruction is given in every branch of the science and art of music by the ablest American and European artists and teachers, both in classes and privately. The Consen'atory embraces the following distinct schools or depart- ments : For the piano ; the organ ; the formation and cultivation of the voice, lyric, art, opera ; the violin, orchestra, quartette, and ensemble play- ing, orchestral and band instruments, art of conducting ; harmony, compo- sition, theory, orchestration ; church music, oratorio, chorus practice ; sight- singing, vocal music in public schools; tuning, regulating, and repairing pianos and organs : general literature, modern languages : elocution, dram- atic action ; fine aits ; physical culture ; college of music for advanced musi- cal students in connection with Boston University in which degrees of music 54 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. are conferred. The conservatory was established in Boston in 1S67, having previously been in operation in Providence, R. I., where it was established as a Musical institution in 1S59. It occupied rooms in Music Hall building until removal to the present quarters. The head of this great institution is Dr. Eben Tourjee, to whose foresight, energy, and ability the present condition of the magnificent enterprise is very largely due. South Boston. — The terms, the "South End" and " South Boston" are apt to be misleading to strangers, who naturally think the names apply to the same locality. The South End is the soutliern part of the main portion of the city, — not including the localities further south, that were brought within the city limits by annexations since 1S67, and which are largely suburban in character. South Boston, on the other hand, is a peninsula stretching out into Boston Harbor, and lies eastward from the South End. It was originally known as Dorchester Neck, and was in the limits of the town of that name until in 1S04 it was joined to Boston. At that time it is claimed there were only ten families on the peninsula, which in those days had an area of "^60 acres. A bridge was immediately built from Boston Neck at Dover Street, and was opened March, 1S04. This in recent years was replaced by a modern iron structure. The Federal Street bridge was built in 1828, and the Broadway bridge connecting South Boston with the central portion of the city was built in 1S72. Two other bridges. Mount Washington Avenue and Congress Street, connect the down town portion of the city with the South Boston flats. All these bridges span Fort Point channel, the narrow connecting water way between South Bay and the harbor. After its annexation South Boston increased slowly in population, but gradually the peninsula was occupied by residences, and after the opening of the street railway in 1S54 the growth of population was rapid. At present the entire peninsula is built over, and in its limits are all the varied phases of city life and activities. The main street of South Boston is Broadway which runs through the centre of the peninsula, lengthwise, and nearly all the horse-cars run through this street or some portion of it. There are several notable public institutions in South Boston, the most famous of which is the Perkins' Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind, Mount Washington, Broadway. This institution was founded by Dr. Samuel G. Howe, in 1833, and the Mount Washington House was secured and occupied in 1S39. Dr. Howe had wonderful success in educa- ting Laura Bridgnian, who was deaf, dumb, and blind, and who continued an inmate of the institution until her death in 18S9. This institution has been the model for all similar schools throughout the world. The pupils receive an excellent education in all the common branches, in music, etc., and are taught as much as possible to be self helpful. The family system is followed, the women and girls occupying cottages by themselves, and the sexes are educated and live apart. The school is partly self-supporting from the income of invested funds and the receipts from the workshops. It also- PICTURESQUE BOSTON. 55 receives an annual grant from the State of Massachusetts of $36,000, and several other states make small grants and have also thereby the privilege of sending pupils. The greater number of the children here educated are admitted free ; but the annual fee for board and tuition from those who can aflbrd to pay is $300 per annum. Visitors are admitted to the institution- every Thursday from 1 1 A. m. to i p M. Mr. Michael Anagnos, son-in-law of Dr. Howe, and a Greek by birth, is the director. While the Perkins' Institution is perhaps the most notable located in South Boston, there are others that are of great usefulness and importance. The Boston Lunatic Hospital, First Street, is a city institution ; the Carney Hospital, Old Harbor Street, is a worthy Catholic institution, under the care of the Sisters of Charity ; the School for Idiotic and Feeble Minded Children, No. 733 East Eighth Street, is an outgrowth from the Perkins Institution. On the summit of Mount Washington, formerly known as Dorchester Height, the place where Washington placed the fortifications during the Revolutionary War, which compelled the British to evacuate Boston, is a little park from which magnificent views of Boston, the harbor and the islands may be obtained. On the heights north of and a little lower than the park is a small reservoir, a part of the Boston Water Works system. Mount Washington can be reached from any South Boston car, by leaving the car at Dorchester Street. There are two other parks in South Boston : Independence Square a handsome enclosure of six and a half acres on East Broadway, half a mile beyond the Perkins' Institution, and on its harbor side are the Insane Asylum and House of Correction, which have extensive grounds, over fourteen acres, extending to the shores of the harbor. The other one is the ^Marine Park at City Point, part of the cit3''s general system of public park, but which is still in an incomplete condition. There are ten lines of horse-cars between Boston and South Boston, run- ning every few minutes to the Marine Park, Bay View, City Point, Mount Washington, and other points. At City Point are many saloons, restaurants, small inns, and landing- stages where boats and yachts may be hired for harbor-trips. Here, also, is the Boston Yacht-Club's house. City Point looks right out on the harbor and the numerous islands, and hundreds of yachts have their moorings here. The view includes the Blue Hills, to the right across Old Harbor ; Thomp- son's Island with its dark groves and great Farm-School building ; the distant hills of Plymouth County ; Long Island, with its high-placed light- house ; the white shaft of Boston Light and the black pyramid of Nix's Mate ; the near gray walls and officers' quarters of Fort Independence ; the distant brick prisons on Deer Island ; the high, round, house-covered Winthrop Great Head ; the long, high, and verdant Governor's Island, with the citadel of Fort Winthrop ; and the blue highlands of Essex on the north. All man- ner of vessels are seen in the channel, — yachts, coasters, harbor steamboats, and European steamships. Established 1793. Incorporated 1865. FLETCHER MFG. CO., Manufacturers of Small Wares, BOOT. SHOE, ^AND^ CORSET V- LACES, stove Wieks and Iiamp Wieks Of all Sizes, in Rolls, or Cut into Standard Lengths. Torch Wicks and Fusee Wicks. Special Wicks to Order. Star, Glace, Plain Braids, Bobbins, Etc. Yarns from No. i6 to 60, in Skeins, on Spools, or Ring Tied. Harness and Seine Twines, Wrapping Twine. Braided and Twisted Spindle Banding. WILLIAM B. FLETCHER, President. WILLIAM AMES, Treas. and Sec'y. TVAREHOUSES ; 18& 20 Thomas St., N. Y., W. B. Fletcher, Agt. 53 Lincoln St., Boston, S. G. Trippe, Agt. Factories, PROVIDENCE, R. I. Chapter VII. SUBURBS AND DISTRICTS. Annexations OF Suburban I.ocahties - Area-East Boston - Charlkstown District: Bunker Hill and the Navv Yard - Roxbury District - West RoxBURY District — Dorchester District — Brighton District. The immediate envir- ons of the peninsula of Boston — the cit\- proper — have all been annexed to the municipality with the exception of Chelsea and Cambridge. The filling in of the flats on either side of the Neck created the South End as it now exists. South Boston was annexed in 1S04; Noddle Island, now East Boston, became part of the city in 1S30; the city of Roxbury, to the southward, was an- nexed in 1S67, the town of Dorchester in 1S69, the city of Charlestown and the towns of Brio-h- ton and West Roxbury in 1S73. The original area of the peninsula was 7S3 acres, but by the reclamation of the marshes this has been extended to 1S29 acres of solid ground. By the annexations the area of the city has been still further increased to 27 661 acres or 36.7 square miles. East Boston.— To the north-east of Boston, across the harbor, is East Boston. The territory it occupies is an island and was orio-jnallv known by the name of Noddles Island. In 1S30, when it had but one dwelf- ing house, it was annexed to Boston; and since that time has developed until it is one of the busiest and most populous parts of the city. East The Attuck's Monument, Boston Common. 58 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. Boston has a splendid water frontage and consequentl}' at its wharves a large business is done. The lines of ocean steamers running from Boston have their docks at East Boston, and the railroad facilities for freight shipment are unsurpassed. Two lines of ferries connect East Boston with the wharves of the city ; and bridges connect it with the mainland at Chelsea at Winthrop. Charlestown District. — Until 1S73 Charlestown was an independent municipality. Its histor}' dates from 1629, and Governor Winthrop and his company previous to crossing over to Boston at the invitation of William Blackstone, had first settled here. Out of the original territory of the town there have been formed the towns of Burlington and Woburn, the cities of Maiden and Somerville, and portions of Reading, Medford, Cambridge, and Arlington. Charlestown was a flourishing place in colonial times. Here occurred the celebrated battle of Bunker Hill, during the Revolutionary War. It became a city March 10, 1S47, and when it was annexed to Boston its population was 32,040. The principal attractions for visitors in Charlestown are the Bunker Hill Monument and the Navy Yard. The Bunker Hill Monument is 32i feet high, and is built of Qiiincy granite. It is thirty feet square at the base and fifteen at the apex. Inside the shaft is a winding stairway, from the top of which may be obtained a beautiful view. The capstone of the apex, above this observatory, is in one piece andv.'eighs two and a half tons. The corner-stone of the monument was laid by Lafayette, June 17, 1S35, and the oration was by Daniel Webster. It was dedicated June 17, 1843, when Daniel Webster was again the orator. An admission fee is charged to ascend the monument. It is easily reached from the cent'e of the city by the Charlestown car passing through Scollay Square and lower Washing- ton Street. The United States Navy Yard is almost at the foot of Bunker Hill, in the Charlestown District. It is at the junction of Charles and Mystic rivers, and will well repay a visit. It comprises over eight}' acres of land, inclosed on the land side by a high stone wall. On the water side may be seen many wharves and vessels, and a granite dry-dock 341 feet in length, eighty feet wide, and thirty deep. This dock was opened in 1835, at a cost of $677,000. The first vessel docked here was the old frigate " Constitution." Within the yard may be seen immense quantities of shot, shell, and cannon, and all sorts of munitions of war, a granite museum, called the " Naval Library and Institute," a granite rope walk, 1,361 feet long, machine shops for employing 2,000 men, etc. Roxbury District. — The city of Roxbury was annexed to Boston in 1S67 at which time it had a population of 30,000. It is situated directly south of the main portion of Boston and originally was at the mainland extremity of Boston Neck, bordering on the South Bay. A settlement was made here the same year that Boston was founded, 1630, and the name " Rocksborough " was given the town because of the rocky character of the locality. The territory originally included West Roxbury, Jamaica Plain, l|F!!!i:B'li5i'l[il'IVI|!ili.ill,iai!«lll!'l-'™ilili j^,v'j^:i|'^:*SM2f;':'| i ^ 6o PICTURESQUE BOSTON. and Brookline. In 1846 Roxbuiy became a city, in 1S56 street cars began running to Boston, and in 1867 it was annexed to Boston and became the Roxbury District. At that time its population was about 30,000, but in 1880 the district had 78,799, and at present has probably nearly 100,000. Rox- bury contains many beautiful localities. It has broad, shaded streets and many beautiful residences. Roxbury Highlands are especially beautiful and attractive. The West Roxbury District is the most rural portion of the city, and contains within its limits the larger part of the new system of public parks, Franklin Park, the Arnold Arboretum, and Jamaica Pond. Here are also located Forest Hill Cemetery, Mount Hope Cemetery, and Mount Calvary Cemetery. Originall}' this territory was part of Roxbury but in 1S51 it was set oft" as a separate town. In 1S74 it became a part of Boston, increasing the population of the city by 9,000 and the area by 7,848 acres. West Rox- bury consequently contains at present one-third of the entire territory of the city. It abounds in pleasant rural scenery, and is fast growing up as a resi- dence locality. The celebrated Brook Farm, where a number of eminent people tried a communistic experiment from 1S41 to 1S47, was in West Roxbury. It is now occupied by the Martin Luther Orphans" Home. Jamaica Plain, a picturesque suburban locality, is a portion of the West Roxbury District. Dorchester District. — The southeast portion of Boston lying along Dorchester Bay, and east of Roxbury, is the Dorchester District. It is a diversified tract of country abounding with hill and dale, and has been for years one of the most imjDortant of the many beautiful suburban residence localities in Boston. The township of Dorchester originally included all this territory, as well as the peninsula of South Boston, and a settlement was made here in 1630 by a company of English Puritans. It continued from that time as a town until annexed to Boston in 1869. The territory is extensive and the town always contained a number of villages or localities of about equal importance. The spaces between these distinct localities are now very generally built up, but the names still remain in use. Brighton District. — The mos't extreme easterii part of the present territory of Boston is the Brighton District. It is reached through the Back Bay by Beacon Streetand the continuation of Commonwealth Avenue, along the bank of the Charles River, and lies south of Cambridge. Brighton was formerly a part of Cambridge, but was set ofl'as a separate to.\n in 1807. It became a part of the city in 1873. Brighton is famous for its great cattle market, which has been in opei'ation for many years. It is also famous for its great slaughter and rendering establishment known as the Abattoir, on the banks of the Charles River, which has facilities for killing 300 cattle and 3,000 sheep in a day. There are many beautiful localities in Brighton, its streets are pleasant and shady, and many of its avenues aftbrd pleasant ilrives. Along Beacon Street over the "Mill-dam," and the Brighton Road has always been a favorite drive for Boston people. ■|-.,.,,ji|.lii!liuM|lWx''''Ml^taTi.,llJa^^^^ m ;(- -:r''-'''*llS;re's:?;««aw^iii!::"''';ti:'' i; FERD. F. FRENCH & CO., (LIIi/IITED,) apRRmsES,! For Pleasure Driving, Professional and Business Uses, in the Latest Styles, Anil eiiibrariiiji: all I^ate IinproTeinentH) Approved Novelties^ Altraciive DesiKn^. and nio^t tliorougli con»«triiction. VICTORIAS. The improvements in this popiilai- vehicle are worthy of note, and onx' stock will comprise several weiglitH, adaptecl to both town aud country uses. VICTORIA PHAETONS. "We have aud are now finishiuK very handsome fashions in variety of weigbtH, CABRIOLETS, Which many prefer to the Victoria, are much improved over.previous seasons, aud will rank higrh in popularity. OPEN CABRIOLETS. An improved and more comfortable form of the popular Beach Wagon, in which we havt- many >fradeH, includiug' pat- terua not shown hy any other firm, while some at popular prices are very desirable. SURREYS AND TRAPS. With increasing demand for novelties, we have madeltf our especial eflort to bring ont.liothiu tine aud medium KViides, an except ioubly large lineof these, both in colors ai^ NATURAL ViTOOD Finish, in which we also have Depot and Station Wag-ODa| open and top. STANDARD STYLES, In Buggies, Rockaways. Broughams, in several sizes. Dol Carts, Phaetons, Etc , which have been i>rep;ired by us aunj the best manufacturers of New England with the utmoi^ care. BROCKETT & TUTTLE CO., Of New Haven, whose Road Wagons. Stanhopes, Buggies* Huireys, Phaetons, Etc., have stood in the front rank for twenty years, are sold (only) by us in Eastern New England at factory prices. INSPECTION INVITED. ALL WORK GUARANTEED AS REPRESENTED. M FERD, F. FRENCH & CO., (umited,, I 155 Tremont Street, 14 to 22 Sudbury Street, Boston, Mass.' THE MOST Important Invention OF THIS OENEEATION. T HE SHERMAN KINGVAPORIZER purifies all places within doors absolutely, and keeps tiiem pure. Tlie work of ventilation Is never satis- factory. The work of the Vaporizer NEVER FAILS. Any "plague spof Is purified In 24 hours. Privies, Urinals, Bath Rooms, Sick Chambers, _ School Rooms, Hotels, PLACES 1 ) NEVER CORRECTED by VENTiLA- Lj TION are made wholesome and agree, ^able. It Is a CONTINUOUS DISIN- ■^-"^ FECTANT, while Its powerful anti- septic qualities sterilize and arrest the germs of poisonous infection. Proof of WORK DONE, aston- ishing as it is, will be furnished to all who will apply to the Shernian"King" Vaporizer Co., Chicopee Falls, Mass., or L. BACON FOSS, 45 KIlby Street, Boston, N. E. Agent. Life on the Lake, Public Garden. Chapter VIII. PARKS AND PUBLIC GROUNDS. The Common — The Public Garden — Franklin Park- Marixe Park — Other Parks. -Back Bay Park- Boston Common. — Boston Common is situated in the very heart of the citv. The ground is undulating, and by nature well adapted to the use for which it has been chosen. Added to its favoiMble natural features, art has also done much to beautify and make it a favorite resort. The common is beautifully laid out with handsome walks, and is shaded with more than one thousand, fine, large elm trees. It has five malls or broad walks. The whole forms a scene of exceptional rural beauty. " There is st;aixely a foot of the forty-eight acres in its area that is not endeared to the Bostonian by some personal or historic association." Besides its attractions as a park, an out-door breathing spot, it contains a number of objects of special interest. The most conspicuous is the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument on Flagstaff 64 PICTURESQLIE BOSTON. Hill, or as now called Monument Hill. This monument was designed by Millard Fillmore and was completed and dedicated September 17, 1S77. Near the Park Street mall is the Brewer Fountain, presented to the city by Gardner Brewer in 1S6S. It was cast in Paris, and is a bronze copy of a fountain designed by Lanard. The Frog Pond, where the British soldiers had their skirmish with the Boston lads in Revolutionary times, adds much to the beauty of the Common. In 1888 near the centre of the Tremont Street mall the " Crispus Attucks " monument, was erected in honor of the victims of the " Boston Massacre," by the British soldiers, March 5, 1770. The portion of the Common between Flagstaff Hill and Charles street is still occasionally used as a training ground by the militia, but it is far more constantly utilized as a place to play ball by the young men and youth of Boston, and on a fine day in summer it is no unusual sight to see half a dozen games going on at the same time. On warm summer days the child- ren find delight in watching Punch and Judy plays, the camera obscura, etc., on the Tremont Street mall. Numerous fountains and more than two hundred benches are scattered through the grounds. The old elm, measuring twent3-two and a half feet in circumference one foot above the ground, and seventy-two feet in height, was long an object of interest, but it was destroyed by the storms in the winter of 1S76. The spot where it stood, and two young shoots, which bid fair to perpetuate the family stock, are sacredly preserved by an iron fence. In early days the Common was a favorite military resort on public occasions. From Whitefield's time to the present large assemblies have often m_>t here to listen to popular discourses, both religious and secular. The city charter was so framed as to make the Common public property, forever placing it beyond the power of the city either to sell it ox give it away. The Public Garden. — Across Charles Street to the south of the Com- mon is the Public Garden. The area is a little over twenty-four acres, and in summer is one of the most attractive spots in the city. A handsome artificial pond, irregularly laid "out, adorns the midst of the garden, where, in summer days, may be seen multitudes of gayly trimmed pleasure boats, occupied by children. While the Common is a park of stately trees and broad walks, this is, as its name indicates, a jjublic garden with dainty flower-beds, plants, shrub- bery, grass-plats, stretches of closely-cropped lawns, and narrow winding gravel paths. In its midst is a jjretty pond, irregularly laid out ; and now it is bright with gaily-canopied pleasure boats. An iron bridge of an impos- ing design, with granite piers, spans it ; and the winding walks along its maigin, and the seats under the few large trees near its brink, are much sought on pleasant afternoons. Near the central path from the Arlington Street entrance across the bridge to Charles Street, is the most interesting fountain in the garden. It is so arranged that it throws a fine spray over and about a small and graceful statue of \'enus rising from the sea, pro- ducing a pleasing effect. tn n. C n r 66 PICTURESQLIE BOSTON. There are several fine pieces of statuary in tlie Public Garden. Here is located the equestrian statue of Washington, by Thomas Ball, said to be the largest piece of its kind in America. The height of the statue is tvvent\-tvvo feet, and with the pedestal reaches thirty-eight feet. The foundation is of solid masonry, resting on piles eleven feet deep. It was unveiled July 3, 1S69, and it is a matter of no little pride that the design and execution is entirely by Massachusetts men. On the Beacon Street side of the garden is the Edward Everett statue, which was modeled at Rome, and cast in Munich, and presented to the city in 1867. The money was raised by popular subscription which flowed in so freely that there was about fifteen thousand dollars surplus, $vOOO of which was expended for a portrait of Everett, which w^as placed in Faneiiil Hall, and $10,000 went to Governor Andrew's statue fund. The Ether Monument is also in the Public Garden on the Arlington Stieet side. On one side is an inscription stating the occasion of the monument. On the other sides are medallions, representing physicians and surgeons administering ether to patients. The monument is of granite and red marble. The Charles Sumner statue is on the Boylston Street side of the Public Garden, and was erected in 187S at a cost of $15,000. It is by Thomas Ball, is nine and a half feet high, the pedestal being a solid mass of granite. One hundred years ago this spot was marsh lands and flats. For years from 1795 or thereabouts, the territor}- was occupied by five long rope- walks. In 1839, after much uncertainty, as to the use this tract should be put to, the matter was settled by an act of the Legislature and vote of the city, and the Public Garden became a settled fact. The Park System. — Although Boston possesses in the Common and Public Garden public pleasure and recreation grounds that aftbrd great satisfaction t) the bus}' multitudes who throng her streets, still public- spirited citizens were persuaded vears ago that a system of great public parks were needed that would bring within the reach of all the inhabitants the opportunity of enjoying the beauties and benefits that a more direct access to natural scenes and conditions would aflbrd. As a result of this desire an agitation sprung up, and the first step accomplished was the apjjointment of a commission in 1S74 to formally consider the question of establishing such parks. In 1875 the Park Commission was installed as one of the regu- lar departments of the cit}' government, and has since continued. The " Back Bay Pai-k Project " was adopted in 1S75, and the development of the park in that region authorized. The next step, and a most important one, was the adoption of the plan of a general system of parks with connecting parkways extending from the Common and Public Garden, through Commonwealth Avenue to the Back Bay Park, thence to Jamaica Pond and the Arnold Arboretum in Roxbury ; thence to Franklin Park, and finally bj' Columbia and Boston streets, across Dorchester and along the shore of Dorchester Baj' to the Marine Park at City Point, South Boston. By this plan the parks and parkways almost PICTURESQUE BOSTON. '4 ■''^v >^ View in Plblic Gardex. encircle the city. The plan also utilized existing parks, developed them, while the " parkways" are only existing avenues widened, improved, and made over with grassy central or side portions, shade trees and fine road- ways. This elaborate plan has by no means as yet been fully carried out, but a great deal of work has been done, all the separate parks being partially put In condition, while a considerable portion of the connecting parkways are laid out. From October 8, 1S75, to December 31, iSSS, there had been spent for the jjurchase of land and for construction $5,383,437.30. Of this amount $2,786,745.19 was spent for the purchase of land and the re- mainder for construction and maintenance. Franklin Park. — The largest and most important of the new parks is Franklin Park, situated in the West Roxbury District. It contains 51S acres and has a great diversity of surface within its limits, — rocky ridges, woods, meadows, and uplands. Only a small section of it has as yet been improved to any great extent. That portion is the northwest corner reached from the Roxbury side, and its principal feature is the Playstead, a magnifi- cent broad meadow designed as a playground for the children of Boston. The entire park is designed to be divided into the following parts : the Countrj' Park, a mile long and three-quarters of a mile wide, to be left 68 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. largely in its natural condition, and is designed for the enjoyment of rural scenery ; then there are the Playstead, already mentioned ; the Greeting, the Music Court, the Little Folks' Fair, the Deer Park, Refectory Hill, Sargent's Field, Long Crouch Woods, the Steading, the Nursery. Franklin Park is reached on the Roxbury side, where the Playstead is, by Egleston Square and Forest Hill cars. On the Dorchester side it is reached by the Grove Hall and the Blue Hill Avenue cars. Either route carries the visitor through the South End and some of the finest portions of the suburbs. Back Bay Park. — This park is situated on the flats at the west end of the Back Bay District, and consists of an irregular basin, reclaimed from tlie previously existing salt marsh, and into which the tides from the Charles River still flow, while the waters of Muddy River flow through it. By means of intercepting channels, inlets and outlets, and a series of auto;natic gates ; the surface of the water is maintained at a level about mid-way between extreme high water and mean low water in the Charles River, the varia- tion in the height not usually exceeding one foot, while the rise and fall in the river is about sixteen feet. Fine parkways encircle the Fens, as this tidal basin is now called, and the whole undertaking is in a very large degree accomijlished. Four fine bridges span the waterway between the Fens and the .Charles River. The dam that holds back the waters is of great strength. When the trees and shrubbery grow and years bring all the parts into their proper relation, this park, from its unique character, will be one of the finest in Boston. Arnold Arboretum. — The Bussey Institution, a department of Harvard University, is a school of agriculture, horticulture, and veterinary science, situated at Jamaica Plain, West Roxbury District. The premises occupied was formerly the estate of Benjamin Bussey who bequeathed it to the Uni- versity in 1842. In 1872 James Arnold of New Bedford bequeathed the sum of $100,000 for a professorship of tree culture and to establish an arboretum to contain all trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants that can grow in the open air. The entire estate comprises 360 acres, 137 of which are devoted to the arboretum. In 1881 the city of Boston acquired possession conditionally of 120 acres of the arboretum as a public park, and purch^ised 44 acres of adjoining land to be devoted to the same purposes. The cultivation of the trees and the horticultural work is under the care of the University, while the drives and parkway are under the control of the Park Commission. Marine Park. — The seaward extremity of City Point, vSouth Boston, has been devoted to the purpose of a marine park. It at present embraces about forty acres of beaches and adjoining lands. An iron pier has already- been constructed more than a thousand feet in length and it is still being built further out into the water. The original plan of the park involves the use of Castle Island, which lies out in the harbor a short distance off' the Point, and would require the extension of the pier to that island and the filling in of the intervening flats to some extent. The island belongs to the United States Government, but so far the consent and cooperation of the govern- ment has not been obtained and there are said to be radical objections to the SOLDIERS' MONUMENT, BOSTON COMMON. 70 PICTURESQLTE BOSTON. filling of the waters between the point and the island by the naval author- ities. The Marine Park has, however, even in its rough and imdeveloped state, become a popular place of resoi-t. It is a great resort on pleasant Sundays, and as many as forty thousand people have, it has been estimated, visited the park on some occasions in a single day. Charles River Embankment. — In iSSi the Massachusetts Legislature authorized the construction of a parkway 30o feet wide along the Charles River from Leverett Street where Cragie's Bridge crosses the river to Cottage Farm bridge, a distance of almost three miles. This would run into the ex- tension of Commonwealth Avenue at Cottage Farm ; altogether this when completed will make a magnificent riverside parkway. So far only that por- tion between Cragie's Bridge and the West Boston Bridge at Cambridge Street has been completed. Here the embankment is now laid out with walks, drives, paths and ornamented with shrubbery and turf. A gymna- sium has also been established here. Wood Island Park is situated at the eastern extremity of East Boston. It has a total area of Si. 3 acres, of which about twenty are uplands and the remainder tidal fiats. It is connected by a parkway, the " Neptune Road," with Bennington Street, East Boston. The park is well arranged for outdoor games and exercises, and is practically a marine park in character, as it has beaches on two sides. Besides these main parks and their connecting parkways there are many small areas of public grounds in the various sections of the city. An extended mention of these is hardly necessary as their names in most cases indicate their character. At the end of the book will be found a complete list with the location and area of each park or square. ■■^n — ■^ — T3^ ■9^ ^ n r- ,„..„^ HP -% iSlSv ^.J W-f W/S^"^-^ \2& V ^ A, \ ^ ■"v, ■ > > > > 2 rr 7-, m ^Manufacturers of Stiver and Sofd jPfate. Salesrooms, 37 Union Square, Chapter IX. INSTITUTIONS OF BOSTON. CHIRCHES — RELIGIOUS AND BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS — ART AND SCIENCE iNIlSI- CAL SOCIETIES LIBRARIES — SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES — HALLS — THEATRES HOSPITALS— SECRET SOCIETIES — MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS. Young Men's Christian Association Building, BoYLSTON Street, Back Bay. I.V org;in- ized eflbrts in all lines of life Boston stands preOminentl}' at the head of all other cities on the Ameri- can continent. Every interest, every taste, art. science, philanthroj3v, religion, edu- cation, are all thoro u g hi y represented. In the brief compass of these jDages it wonld not be possible to en- ter into fill 1 details ; all that can be done is to present a gen- eral view of the most noteworthy institutions, with some brief historical mention. Churches. — Boston is rich in the number and beauty of its chiuxh edifices. The first meeting-house in Boston was erected in 1633, near the head of .State Street, and w'as a small, homelv building, with mud walls and 74 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. thatched roof. John Wilson and John Cotton were its pastors. In 1639 a better house was built, which was burnt in 1711, and rebuilt in 1713. This was torn down in iSoS, and a new house built which stood till 1S6S, when it gaveplace to the present fine edifice, corner of Berkeley and Marlborough streets, which was built by "the First Church" Society (Congregational Unitarian), at a cost of $325,000. The second church in the city was built in 1649 in North Square, — the first Roman Catholic Church in 17S9. The " Old South" corner of Washington and INlilk streets, is famous for its historical associations. Here the Hon. Benjamin Fi-anklin was baptized, and worshiped ; here Whitefield preached. The house was used for various public meetings during Revolutionary times. At one time the British troops used it for a riding school. The great fire of 1S73 stopped just be- fore reaching the " Old South " on both sides. The new house of this society, entitled the " New 'Old .South' Church," located at the corner of Dartmouth and Boylston streets, is a large and costly structure. Its seating capacity is about nine hundred. The edifice cost about five hundred thousand dollars, and is considered one of the finest specimens of church architecture on the continent. King's Chapel, corner of Tremont and School streets, was the first Episcopal Church in New England, and is now a Unitarian Church. The society was organized in 16S6, and changed to Unitarianism under the pas- torate of James Freeman, who became pastor in 1787. The interior of the house is quaint and interesting, v^^ith its old-fashioned pews, its tall pulpit and rounding board an 2 H > 7s m H CD m > O TURBINE WHEELS, CIRUCLAR SAW MILLS, SHINGLE MACHINES, GRIST MILLS, Woodworking Machinery, i OF ALL KINDS. HIGH SPEED AND liutoIIlatiG•^cy^Of[•^ Engines, Plain Slide Valve and Portable Engines, stationary & Portable Boile rs Blowers, [xtiaust Fans, Steam Pumps AND General Mill Supplies. j^IDIDI?.ESS : CHASE & SON, 236 Federal Street, Portland, Me. XJ- S». J^. Chapter X. SEA AND SHORE. Boston Harbor — Its Character, Dimensions, Channels and Islands — Its Influence on Seamanship — Nantasket Beach — Nahant — Point of Pines — Crescent Beach — Beachmont — Oak Island — Ocean Pier. Boston Harbor. — The development of Boston as a great commercial city, whatever stimulus it has received from other sources, has been very largely owing to the fact that it is situated on a splendid harbor. Its ap- proaches are easy and safe, there is ample width and depth at the various entrances, while the different roadsteads afford safe harborage and anchorage ground. The '' interior water space is large, but is divided by chains of islands into basins which offer sufficient room for the heaviest ships to ride freely at anchor and sufficient tranquillity for the frailest fishing boat." "As generally known Boston Harbor includes Dorchester, Quincy, and Hingham Bays. Besides Boston the lesser ports of Chelsea, Cambridge, Milton, Qiiincy, Weymouth, and Hingham are all situated on Boston Har- bor. The greatest length of the harbor is about ten miles and its width five miles. '• The entrance to Boston Harbor is between Deer Island on the north and Point Allerton on the south, between which points it is three miles and three- quarters wide. From the entrance to the main ship channel the distance in a straight line to the city of Boston is about seven miles. "The space between Point Allerton and Deer Island is full of islands, through and among which lead the various channels into the harbor. Of these there are six in common use, viz. : the Broad Sound channels, called re- spectively the North and South Channels ; Hypocrite Channel ; Black Rock Channel; Main Ship Channel and Back or Western Way. The Hypocrite Channel and the Back Way are used chiefly by vessels bound out. "Between the whai-ves of Boston and the sea outside of Boston Bay there are seventy-five islands and islets, fifty notable projections of the mainland with bays between them, some of which are the mouths of streams and there are a great many shoals and reefs which are exposed or upon which the sea breaks at low water. Between all these there are innumerable sub-channels more or less navigable, according to the stage of the tide and the rlraught of any object to be floated through them ; the rise and fall of the tide varies from eight to sixteen feet according to the age of the moon and the condition of the weather, and the tidal currents are apt to be strong and complicated. These circumstances not only make the harbor interesting because of what meets the eye of those passing through it or along its shore, but they give S4 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. the fleet nimbly-tiiniing boats a more marked advantage than they would otherwise have, and make close calculations and tact in trimming and steer- ing them of more obvious importance than they are in harbors with fewer elements of picturesque character. Add to this the further consideration that from the time of the first settlers the people in Boston have been much engaged in fishing ventures, not onl}- on the deep sea, but of a class to be pursued with boats of light burden, and the fact will be accounted for that there has always been an unusual interest among them in the modeling, Iiuild- ing, rigging, and seamanship of small craft both for commercial and for recreative use." Nantasket Beach. — The most popular seashore resort in the vicinity of Boston is Nantasket which has gained its reputation by a rare combination of nature and art. He who has once visited this beach needs no second invitation to repeat his excursion. It is for the benefit of the traveler from regions more remote that we here briefly set forth the attractions with which nature and art have endowed this spot, in order that he may not miss a most delightful day or month through ignorance of the enjoyment which Nantasket aftbrds. Nantasket Beach is a place whither the multitudes go for a sail, a dip in the sea, a genuine unadulterated breeze from the ocean, a walk on the long beach, a ramble on the rocks, and a concert by the band. From Boston you may reach the beach by steamer, or if you prefer, by rail, starting from the Old Colony Station on Kneeland Street. You pass through a picturesque country replete with historical associations, for several miles near the shore of the harbor. Qiiincy, renowned in earlier years as the home of Presidents! in later days as the centre of the public school agitation, lies upon this route, and upon the left may be seen Adams Academy. At Braintree the track divides, and following the South Shore Branch you pass through Weymouth and Hingham. Eighteen miles from Boston you leave the Old Colony, and by the Nantasket Beach Railway you reach the beach in about fort3-five minutes from the city. But most people prefer the sail. From most any part of the city you may take horse-cars that will carry you through Washington Street. At the corner of Franklin Street, take a transfer to an Atlantic Avenue car which will carry you to Rowe's Wharf, whence the steamer awaits you for Nan- tasket, one hour's sail. There are many points of interest to engage our attention by the way. We will note a few. Towards the north may be seen Charles and Mystic rivers unitedly entering the harbor. To the east may be seen East Boston, and in line with it Bunker Hill Monument. On the right is New Boston and South Boston. On a hill of the latter is Perkins' .School for the blind. Beyond these are City Point and Dorchester. On the left a spindle marks the spot where Bird Island formerly stood. Soon you pass between Castle Island on the right and Governor's Island on the left, on each of which is a fort and batteries. Now the bay grows wider. On the right you may see Thompson's and Spectacle islands. Far away to the left is Apple Island, PICTURESQLTE BOSTON. 85 upon wliich a few elms may be seen. Beyond is the mainland of Winthorp, apparently connected with Deer Island, on which are the city buildings devoted to charity and correction. On the right you see Long Island, near the centre of which is a large hotel. Next you pass, generally on the right, a black pyramid called Nix's Mate ; then turn to the southeast, after a view on the left of the open sea. passing between Gallop's Island on the right and Lovell's opposite. Another turn and you are sailing past Fort Warren, which is on your left. A moment more and the Hotel Pemberton attracts your gaze, still towards the left. This is at the extreme point of the long and irregular peninsula of which Nantasket is a part. On the other side is Peddock's Island. Just before reaching here you may notice in the direction of the open sea two light-houses ; the one set up on poles is Bug Light ; the other, more distant, is Boston Light. After numerous twists and turns among the hills, shoals, and islands of the little bay, with a glimpse of Hingham on the right, you arrive at the wharf, \vhere thousands of passengers are landed every pleasant day during the season. As you pass up the wharf you see the Skating Rink on the right, and the station of the Nantasket Beach Railway on the left. Immediately in front, across the road, is the Rockland Cafe, and the Nantasket Hotel, both facing the Atlantic. Farther away to the right are two other large hotels, the Atlantic House and the Rockland House. To the left are hotels of smaller dimensions, scattered along the beach for a considerable distance, the Hotel Standish, Crockett House, Vine Cafe, Ocean House, etc. The high hill on the left, upon which are two boarding-houses, is Sagamore Hill. The desirability of this location for a siunmer home is manifest, and the Ijills on the right beyond the Atlantic House have been covered with rows and rows of cottages, while toward the left are several villages of a similar character, either on the beach or on the hillsides sloping towards the harbor. You are now near that end of Nantasket Beach which is joined to the main land. It extends in a northerly direction four or five miles, sometimes so narrow that von could throw a stone across it, again widening into lofty hills. It ends in the north with Point Allerton. Towards the west the peninsula extends a mile or so further, near the end of which is Hotel Pemberton. With these outlines one may easily keep his bearings. Passing from the wharf through or past the Rockland Cafe, you are at once upon the most beautiful beach in New England, where the surf rolls in, unbroken by rock or barrier, for a distance of four miles. At high tide the water comes nearly to the steps of the buildings which stand along the shore ; at low tide a dozen carriages may drive abreast upon the broad sand. The slope of the beach is exceedingly gentle and uniform. Here is no undertow, and bathing is perfectly safe. No small bathing-houses are seen here, but all bathing facilities are furnished at the hotels at popular prices. Here is ample amusement and refreshment for all. Even the invalid may take much quiet pleasure in beholding from the verandas of the Hotel Nan- S6 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. tasket or the Cafc' the roaring suif, the merriment and comical appearance of the batliers, the motley crowd promenading or driving on the beach, and may be invigorated as he sniffs the salt air, fresh with its journey all the way from Europe. Moreover, from the band stand in front, delightful music is discoursed for an hour or two every afternoon and evening, the long beach affording a most charming place for a stroll. If one prefers rougher walk- ing he has but to turn soutliward, and beyond the Atlantic House he may climb over rocks and boulders to his heart's content, or watch the breakers as they dash upon the rough ledges and into the numerous ravines. On the third promontory in this direction formerly stood Gunrock House, which was destroyed by fire. The rock itself is so called because near the end of the bluffthe water rushes into a ravine, often with the booming noise of a cannon. This shore is lined for a long distance with cottages of various sizes. Here are boats to let, affording opportunity for a sail either on the rough Cohasset in front or the placid Sea of Galilee in the rear. This sheet of water, known also as Lake Nantasket and Strait's Pond, has not always reposed here so peacefully. In the great storm of 1851, the ocean swept over the narrow peninsula at this spot. When the waters receded this lake was left behind. A delightful drive may be enjoyed on the Jerusalem Road to Nantasket, either by a hired team at a cost of one to two dollars per hour ; or for tweaty-five cents you can ride by one of the numerous barges, all the way to Cohasset, a distance of four miles, from which point are fine views of the surrounding country and harbor. In the centre of the village is the Green, on which stands the old church of the town, the Unitarian, built in 1713, and rebuilt in 1747. The drive is through a picturesque country, diversified by hill and valle}', rock and lawn, with frequent charming glimpses of the sea. Throughout most of the distance the road is lined with summer resi- dences of varying styles. Many of Boston's wealthy citizens have homes here which they occupy during the simimer. Another pleasant drive, which must, however, be taken in a private con- veyance, is along the beach, past Point Allerton, to Hull. A quicker route is via the Nantasket Beach Railway, which passes with varying course along the harbor till it reaches Pemberton Hotel, at the farthermost point of the peninsula. The practiced pedestrian may find a pleasant, though some- what tedious, walk, to the little village of Hull, of which are told many quaint legends. From Telegraph Hill, back of the town, are delightful views. From this point, if the tide is low, you can skirt the sea-wall and low lands until you again reach Nantasket Beach. - In front of the Point is a beacon which marks the spot to which the promontory once extended. This is one of the most dangerous points on the coast, and many are the wrecks which have here been strewn. Not a winter passes without several vessels coming ashore in this neighborhood. Here is a life-saving station, whose boats are manned by the haidy denizens of Hull, who have done excellent service in the saving of many lives. From the end of the point you will SS PICTURESQUE BOSTON. enjoy the dash of the waves and the view over the wide expanse of waters ; from the hill-top a prospect of the harbor and long beach as well. Here you maj- enjoy your home lunch if you have brought one, either in some quiet nook, of which there are many, or in a hired room at the Nantasket Hotel at a small cost, or a good dinner may be purchased at fifty cents. The Skating Rink is found here, and other cheap amusements in abundance. Let no one fail to ascend at least one hill and enjoy the view. For the transient visitor the ascent of Sagamore Hill, justnorth of the wharf, will be found very satisfactory, as an extensive and beautiful prospect may be enjoyed from the summit. Of course the roof of any of the large hotels affords a fine outlook. From the Pemberton the view extends across the harbor, taking in Lynn, Nahant, Swampscott, and other places on the north shore, the islands, light-houses, and shipping of the harbor, the quiet inlets and shore towards the south and west, and the broad ocean. From the Atlantic house you have a magnificent prospect of Nantasket Beach and the Atlantic, as well as a distant outlook into the back country. Having spent a day here you are very likely to be tempted to prolong your visit to a week or a month. In that case you can surely be suited both as to price and accommodations. For a stay of a few days the Nan- tasket Hotel offers the most desirable accommodations, rooms from $1.50 to $3.50 per day, and board on the European plan. The Atlantic and the Rockland houses have each excellent reputations. The former has recently been enlarged by the addition of one hundred rooms, and now accommodates between four and five hu 'dred guests. The charges are $3.50 or $4.00 a day, or from $17 to $25 a week. This hotel is generally regarded as hav- ing the finest location, and is usually filled with a most desirable class of boarders. The Rockland House furnishes board at $iS or $20 a week. Other hotels accommodate a smaller number of guests, generally at a less price. Of these the Hotel Standish is conveniently located, and is said to provide an excellent table and coinfortable rooms at a charge of $10 or $12 a week. The Crockett House has $8 or $10. There are several other hotels forther along the beach, boarding-houses on the top of Sagamore Hill, and hotels on the bluffs beyond the Atlantic House. Of the latter, the Waverley, though small, has an excellent reputation, so also has the New Pacific, and on Jerusalem Road the Black Rock House. Then there is the stately Pemberton, near Hull, a delightful spot, almost surrounded by water. The hotel is elegantly fitted and furnished, and is usually filled to overflow- ing. Not far away, on the edge of the village of Hull, are the Oregon and St. Cloud, patronized chiefly by guests who come for the season. At the foot of Strawberry Hill is the Sea Foam House. In some one of these establishments no one could fail to find a spot suited to his taste and purse. If one is here for the season he should not omit to visit Minot's Ledge Light-house, the most dangerousl}' situated of any on the Atlantic coast. It is at the end of a ledge which extends two miles out from the Cohasset shore. PICTURESQUE BOSTON. 89 It rises from the water to a great height, but in heavy storms the waves break over the top. The former light-house was swept away in the great storm of '51 which created the Sea of Galilee. Two men in it were lost ; but the keeper, feeling that it was insecure, saved his own life by going ashore a few hours before it was swept away. The present structure was erected with the greatest care, has a partly artificial foundation, and is believed to be perfectly safe. Parties frequently visit it in sail-boats, and find much pleasure in the excursion. The Nantasket Beach Railway also affords opportunity for excursions in other directions. As it connects with the Old Colony Road two or three miles from the beach, you may take a train for Marshfield and visit the home of Daniel Webster, or go to Hingham and see the oldest church building in the United States, besides many other objects of interest. In short, there is nothing lacking to make Nantasket Beach a most delightful place for a sum- mer sojourn, whether it be for the day or season. "Across the bay, inland from Nantasket, and easily reached by sailboat threading the most delightful water-paths among the islands and headlands, in the old Qiiincy township, is the site of ' Merry Mount.' It was here that ' Morton and his ungodly crew,' the degenerate offshoots who caused the Pilgrim Fathers so much trouble and anxiety, held high carnival ; and their orgies at Merry Mount and Nantasket — for the Pilgrims considered their diversions as nothing better than orgies — often included both the nights and days of their existence, and illustrated every phase of human enjoyments, except, perhaps, the highest and noblest. One cannot help thinking, however, that Morton and his companions selected from the fittest when they adopted this beautiful section as their haunting-places ; for even at that early day, and many decades before the region became thickly set- tled in any part, its natural endowments must have rendered it peculiarly attractive. That it has been a centre of summer delights for upwards of two and a half centuries, and is in that respect the oldest ' institution ' of its kind (watering-place) in the country, is a fact which may excite investigation as to its claims and attributes ; and such investigation, if made in person, never fails to convince." "Looking southward from the beach, the islands, headlands, and main between which lie sprrad out enchanting bits of water scenery, stretch away inland to the Hingham, Weymouth and Quincy shores ; and winding in and about, following the tortuous channels or the deeper waters of the place, every variety of small craft may constantly be seen. The white tents of camping-parties dot the green hill-sides around, while grey old boulders and rock-patches, with their coadjutors the members of the dark fir tribe, lend enough of sombre coloring to relieve the otherwise excessive brightness of the summer hues in this section. Viewed from the summits or sides of Sagamore or Strawberry hills, which rise out of the Nantasket sands as though planned naturally as stand-points for outlooks, or from the Allerton headland, how grand the views on every side from this Queen of sea beaches ! " 90 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. Nahant. — Is a peninsula, rising, in the highest point, to 150 feet above the sea. It has a rocky coast and is connected with the main land by a long narrow isthmus. There is a fine beach here, one and a half miles long, on which the surf rolls in grandly, and in the vicinity are many natural wonders. Nahant is twelve miles distant from Boston, and four miles from Lynn. There are a number of small hotels on the peninsula, but it is mainly occupied by summer residences. This was the first fashionable sea-side resort in the vicinity of Boston. It is reached by steamer from Boston. Point of Fines, Crescent Beach, Beachmont, and Oak Island. — Along the Revere Beach (narrow gauge) line, from Boston to Lynn, nine and one-fourth miles, are several handsome summer resorts, which are favor- ite places for business men of Boston, because of their easy access. The trains starting from East Boston, connect with Boston by ferry, and run nearly every hour of the day during the summer season. At nearly every station are found hotels, and facilities for bathing. The most prominent places on this line are Point of Pines, Crescent Beach, Beachmont, and Oak Island. The Point of Pines is almost an ideal place for one who desires quietness with all the best facilities of a summer shore resort. The hotels and the grounds are kept in first-class order, and well equip- ped with the usual accompaniments of a good watering-place. The grounds are provided with a bowling alley, a dancing pavilion, a soda pavilion, an electric railway, a skating rink, long and wide plank walks, good bathing facilities, a band stand, etc. Surrounding the hotels is a pretty pine grove, which not onlv affords good shade, but also produces a wholesome fragrance to the atmosphere. Several small pavilions are found along the beach pro- vided with seats where one may enjoy the sea breeze in the shade. The other places of chief interest on the line of this road are Crescent Beach and Beachmont, located about a mile apart, and between them are situated two high bluffs, overlooking the bay, the top and sides of which are covered with handsome, new cottages. Between Beachmont and Ciescent Beach is located Ocean Pier, extending for into the water, from which boats run to Boston in summer, and upon which is located a large skating rink. Oak Island, located between Crescent Beach and Point of Pines, has a handsome grove, one large, fine hotel, and several small ones, and has jjood facilities for bathing. ^^•*"*' BOSTON HERALD BUILDING. Healt h and Happi ness ! FAIRBANKS' WINE OF CALISAYA BARK AND IRON. The Great Constitutional Remedy ! For Debility. Dyspepsia. Weakness, Langrour, Impoverished and ShiKpish Circulation of the Blood, Loss of Appetite. Derangement of the Liver, Nervousness, Palpitation of the Heart. Cold Feet, Numbness, Female Weakness, and all disorders arising' from a Low State of the Blood and a Disordered Condition of the DIGESTIVE ORGANS. Its effect on the human system isMaevelous. By exciting the stomach to perfect dig'estiou of food, it enriches and strengthens the blood, giving tone and vigor to the whole system, and the glow of health, elastic steps, and buoyant spirits giving ample evidence of its benencial effects. Sold by all Druggists and Dealers, and by the Proprietor. GEO. E. FAIRBAMS, Drnggist, No. 10 FRONT STREET, WORCESTER, MASS. WINE ZRON DR. A. B. NORMAN'S Cure for Itching Piles. AN JNFAI.I.IBI.E REWEDV. Never fails. Cure guaranteed, or money refunded. Safe and clean to use as flour. By mail tBl.OO in paper, stamps or money order, tu sole agent, GEO. E, FAIRBANKS, 10 Front St., Worcester, I>InsN. THE ChildreD's Comfort ! (LECONFORTDESENFANTS.) This elegant compound, the result of many years' study of a learned PharmaciRt, is bound to gain a great popularity. Speaking of its active principles, that celebrated JPhysiciau, Trousseau, of Paris, says: " It is indi.speusable to bring up weak, scrofulous or rickety children, being in fact, a concentrated food and a powerful corrective of the bowels, which cannot fail to restore health and give the necessary vigor to l>as8 thront^h the teethin).^ period without danger." This active principle alone, would make the prepara- tion invaluable, but the particular care taken in the addition of select aromatics and cordials which have the double effect of checking Winds and Colics and giving a pleasant taste, causes a combiuatiou of all the necessary ingr^'dieuts to give immediate relief. The reasons for using the C'Uildren's Comfort in preference to any other medicine, are very simple. It is a Conceutrated Food. It IN an Elleetive Cordial. Il does away i^itli dan^erou!< Narcotics. It is SnIV aut) Reliable. Il leitves no preripitnte in tlie bottle. It Kelieve!4 Instantly. ]t neeils iioe to be tshaken Before Administered. Therefore, JJURSES and Mothers may always be sure by simply following the directions, of giving an exact ipiantityof each ingredient; hence its superiority over all other mixtures. During the teething period it is especially necessary to subdue intlammation, soften the gums and allay the usual paius. If the child siiffers from Voinitinjs:, Diarrliaa. or Oyseniery, Ihe l'HIL.I>REN'S CO.*>IFORT will surely re^-ulate the bowels, and give a healthy tone to tlie diye^tive organs. RFxMEMBKR, 3IOTIIEIJS. that this is a per- fect compound, carefully luit uji by exiierienced hands that your children will grow liealtliy and strong by its use. and that you will icet rest and comfort. THE ONLY GENUINE bears the signature of the inventor, Chajiles Gigault, on the wrapper. Manufactured only by the sole proprietor. GEO- 10. FA-IIiBAlVICS, Wholesale and Retail Drufrgist, No. lO Front St., Worcester, Mass. For sale by Druggists and dealers in Medicine Everywh'-re. Price, Only 25 Cents a Bottle. COATES Clipper Manufacturing Co Maanfaetures^ of- PATENT HORSE and BARBERS HAIR CLIPPERS •) IN GREAT VARIETV. Coates' Patent Finger Nail Cutter and Cleaner. Kidder's Patent Improved Awl and Tool Holder, Etc. NO. 237 CHANDLER STREET, - WORCESTER, MASS. SEND FOR CIRCULAR. Chapter XI. EDUCATION-THE CLUBS-THE PRESS. Kaklv Interest in Education— The Development of the School System — F'resent Condition — Harvard College — Other Educational Institu- I IONS — Libraries — The Clubs of Boston : The Somerset, Union, Algon- (y.iN and Others, Artistic Intellectual, Sporting and Technical — the Newspapers — The First Publications — Daily Advertiser Post — Jour- nal — Herald — Globe — Transcript — Traveller — Saturday Evening Gazette. In an eilucational, social, and artistic point of view Boston well merits its title of "the Athens of America," or, as Oliver Wendell Holmes once tlubbed her, the " Hub of the Universe." From the " davs that tried men's souls" grand fig-ures in the walks of libertv, philanthropy, and literature have seemed to be indigenous to Boston soil, but have no doubt been largely due to the interest of her people in the cause of education, vvlrich dates back to the earliest settlement of the colonv. Siiortlv after the settlement of the town, in 163^, we find the earliest record regarding the establishment of free schools, when Piiilemon Pormort was " intreated to become schole-master for the teaching and nourtering of children with us" This was the beginning of the present Public Latin School, which is the model one of the country. In the records of a town-meeting held in 1641, we find that Deer Island was ordered improved for a free school. A school-house was also erected on Spectacle Island in 1644, and one on Long Island in 1649, at an annual rental of the land for sixpence per acre. At a town-meeting held Dec. iS, 16S2, it was ''voted by y" inhabitants y' the said comittee with y* Select men consider of & pvide one or more Free Schooles for the teachinge of children to write and Cypher within this towne." In April, 1753, " it was voted by the said comittee first that Two schooles shall be pvided and agreed for Secondlie y' the Towne shall allow 35''' p. anil for each schoole for the present, & y' such psons as send theire children to schoole (y' are able) should pay somethinge to y' master for his better incouragement in hisworke." November 34, 1684, "Deacon Henery Allen and Capt Frary made a returne y' according to a former ord'' they had agreed witii John Cole to keepe a Free schoole to teach y° Children of the Towne to read & write for one veare from the i"' of this instant Nov', for which the 94 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. Towne is to pay him lo''' in mony & 20''' in Countrie pay as mon}-, oral mony price." Thus was established what was known as the Writing Scliool in Qiieen Street, (now Court Street). Grammar Schools and Writing Schools continued to increase, till at a town-meeting held March 9, 1741-43, the Selectmen reported that, on the preceding 17th of June, they had visited the public schools "and found tlie said schools under a good regulation. The number of Scholars in each School were as follows, Vizt. In the South Grammar School Eighty Seven, in the South Writing School Forty Eight, in the Writing School in Qiieen Street seventy four; In the North Grammar School Sixty five : and in tlie North Writing School Two Hunilred." At a meeting held May 11, 1762, the salaries of teaclners for the ensuing year were fixed as follows : South Grammar School, master, £100 ; usher, .£60; North Grammar School, master, £"So; W'riting School, Qiieen Street, master, £100; master, £80: South Writing School, master, £100: usher, £50; North Writing School, master, £100; usher, £60; assistant, £34. Previous to 1789 no provision had been made for the education of girls in the public schools. From that time until 1S2S they were allowed to attend half a year, from April to October. At the beginning of the present century the attendance at schools had in- creased in double the ratio of the increase of population. It was then that the practice of naming new schools after distinguished citizens was inaugu- rated, and has been followed ever since. Of the 54 grammar and 464 primary schools now in existence in Boston each is named after some public-spirited citizen, as far back as iSi i when John Hawes made the first donation of land for a school. At the beginning of the present century there were in the town seven free schools, containing 900 scholars. At this time the salary of a master was $666.66, with a gratuity or allowance of $200. One-sixth of the whole town tax was spent for schools. In 1S20 an English High School was es- tablished, and in 1825 the Girls' High School. A Boys' Latin School had been established from the earliest times, but not until 1S78 was a Girls' Lat'n School organized. The Normal School dates back to 1853. It is not necessary to review in detail the steps by which the schools of Boston have come to be the models of America, and the school establishment the most complete of any city in the world. The last report of the school committee showed that in the citj' there was one Normal school with five teachers, and 124 pupils; ten Latin and high schools with 103 teachers and 3,975 pupils; fifty-four grammar schools with 692 teachers and 30,840 pupils ; and 464 primary schools with 464 teachers and 34,284 pupils ; mak- ing a total of 539 schools, 1,264 teachers and 58,323 pupils. Of special schools there were twenty-one, with 156 teacliers and 4,003 pupils. The annual expense of these schools was: Salaries of instructors, $1,242,088; Salaries of officers, $57,760 ; School expenses, $267,000 ; Total, $1,566 S48. The Horace Mann School is now in its twentieth year, and is designed to give an elementary education to the deaf, and to teach children who are PICTURESQL'E BOSTON. 95 deaf mutes the use ot" ordinal y language. Any child over five years of age is entitled to admission. But the above schools by no means comprise the whole of Boston's grand system of education. There is a special department of music, designed to train pupils of especial tastes and ability in that art to a thorough knowledge of its theory and practice. Drawing is also made a special department, and such pupils as display artistic ability and tastes for designing are given opportunity for the highest advancement. Sewing is considered as essential a part of a Boston school-girl's edu- cation as reading and writing, and every girl is taught to make her own clothes, and to execute every variety of plain needlewoik. There are regu- lar hours of instruction in this branch, thirty teachers being emploved. The expenditure in this department in 1888 was, for instructors, $16,121.07, and for materials $100.03. Frequent public exhibitions of the work of pupils are given. The subject of Hygiene also receives great attention. Pupils are pro- vided with gymnastic furnishings and regular military drills are conducted by competent teachers. Manual and industrial training have received of late very marked atten- tion. Two hours each week every boy in the Latin and High Schools is instructed in carpentry and the mechanic arts. A regular instructor is employed at an annual salary of $1,200, and over $500 are expended each yearin stock and tools. The industrial school is provided with a machine- shop and all the appliances of carpentry. Another department of public school education which has of late been greatly extended and improved is that of cookery. There are now six reg- ular teachers employed, and several schools are fitted up with complete kitch- ens, so that every girl, rich and poor, is obliged to know how to cook a wholesome meal of every kind of food. There is a steady pressure of pub- lic opinion for useful as well as ornamental education, and every year the former is receiving more and more attention and increased appliances. The design is that every poor boy leaving the public schools of Boston shall be able to apply his hmds intelligently to useful labor, and thus be able to sup- port himself, and that every girl shall be able to perform the duties of house- keeping in the line of sewing and cooking for her familj-. In the introduc- tion of these practical special departments Bo.ston has set a successful and commendable example for the whole country. Boston is also the first city in the country to adopt the kindergarten as integral part of her public school education. For several years Mrs. Qiiincy A. Shaw, a persistent devotee of kindergartens had been developing schools in Boston and suburban towns as private schools, without aid, and with lit- tle encouragement. In May, 1SS7, she requested the Board of Education to investigate the value of the kindergartens and consider the expediency ol adopting them as part of the school system. The City Council was at last induced to appropriate $20,000 for the year 18SS-9, and upon its acceptance 96 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. of the gift Mrs. Shaw turned over her whole kindergarten establishment to the city. There are now nineteen public kindergartens with 36 teachers and 9S4 pupils. Children three and one-half years old and upwards are admitted, and one teacher is allowed for every twenty-five pupils. They are a great success and promise to be one of the chief departments of public school edu- cation in the future. As might be expected from her elaborate educational machinery, the pro- ficiency reached by pupils in the Boston public schools is correspondingly excellent. The regular course in the primary schools is three years, and in the grammar schools, four years. In order to be qualified as a teacher in the city schools a girl must have spent four years in the high school and have graduated from the Normal School. Taken together a girl is obliged to spend fourteen and one-half years in the public schools before she can receive an appointment as teacher in any regular public school in Boston. The Boston Latin School is as thorough as is the celebrated gynmasium of Germany. Here the regular course entitling a pupil to graduate is seven years. The Girls' Latin School is equally thorough in qualifying girls for entering universities. The high schools, both for males and females, aflbrd a liberal and thorough higher education, such as is not equaled in any other American city. While it is the intention to appoint all teachers from among graduates of the public schools, Boston is bound to have the best instructors, and hence in the selection of a few of the higher grades of special teachers competitive examinations are instituted, open to instructors from every part of the coun- try. The instructors in Jier higher schools rank among the most proficient educators to be fountl in America. As for general instrumentalities for education, the fame of Boston need hardly be stated. Harvard University, though located in Cambridge, is practically a Boston institution. It was founded in 1638, and received its charter in 1650, under which it is still governed. Four of its departments, the Medical School, the Dental School, the Bussey Institution and the Vet- erinary College are situated in Boston. It has an income of about $600,000, and property estimated at $7,500,000. It has 170 teachers and over 1,500 students. Its immense libraries employ twenty-six librarians. It has an " Annex," by which students not matriculated can enjoy its privileges under certain conditions in special branches of study. The Harvard Medical School is located in tlie Back Bay district, at the corner of Boylston and Car- ter streets, and has about one hnndred and fifty students. Boston University has its beautiful quarters on Somerset Street, near Beacon. It was founded in 1S69. Its School of Medicine is located on East Concord Street, near the City Hospital. This institution has graduated a large number of physicians, about one-third of whom were women. Boston College, under the direction of a father of the Society of Jesus, is situated on Harrison A\enue, next to the Church of the Immaculate Con- PICTURESQUE BOSTON. 97 ception, and has buildings and grounds valued at $200,000. It has sixteen instructors and about seventy-five students. The Alassachusetts Institute of Technology, incorporated in 1S61, is one of the first institutions of its kind in America. Connected with it is a Society of Arts, numbering over three hundred members. It has a Museum of Arts, and a School of Mechanic Arts. There are ten courses of instruc- tion, each covering four 3'ears. In its rooms are found all conceivable appliances for the furtherance of its purposes, and it is perhaps the most complete school of arts in the world. Besides this institution there is the Massachusetts Normal Art School at the Deacon House, near Washington Street for the teaching of industrial drawing. The New England Conservatory of Music, under the direction of Dr. Eben Tourgee, is located at St. James' Square. It was established in 1867 and is the best appointed and most exclusive institution of its kind in the country. In the musical and natural science line we also have the Lowell Institute, its lectures being patronized by the best scholars of Europe and America. Boston has several historical societies, the chief of which is the Massa- chusetts Historical Society, whose building is on Tremont Street. Its library has 2^,000 books and 5,000 pamphlets. This society is the deposi- tory of all kinds of relics of rare historical value, but chiefly in literature. It was founded in 1791- The New England Historic Genealogical Society has its rooms on Somer- set Street. In its 14,000 books and 60,000 pamphlets may be found the history of ancient New England landmarks and the history of all the earlier families that settled in New England. Its library is much resorted to for genealogical research. The society was incorporated in 1845. The Bostonian Society is another very useful historical society. It grew out of a club organized in 1S79 for the purpose of collecting and preserving historical records. Since 1S83 this society has occupied the halls of the old State House. Its collections are open to the public daily. Here may be seen maps of Boston from 1634 down to the present time, as well as many curiosities relating to the past history of the city. Boston's oldest library is the Boston Athenaeum, on Beacon Street. It has about 120,000 books, and a choice collection of sculptures, engravings, and paintings. It is a stock concern, none but stockholders having the right to its privileges, though shareholders may convey a limited privilege to their friends. Here is deposited the private library of George Washing- ton and many interesting book and newspaper relics. Of course the greatest and most useful circulating library is the Public Library, on Boylston, completed in 1838 at a cost of $365,000. It has over 400,000 volumes on its shelves. It has branches in several parts of the city and suburbs. The valuable private library of Theodore Parker and those of several other noted citizens were donated to it, and it has also received thousands of valuable gifts in the line of choice engravings and literary treasures. The privileges of this library are free to all. yS PICTURESQ_UE BOSTON. Besides these libraries tliere is tlic State House library and numerous other technical libraries, such as those of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Art Club, the Woman's Educational and Industrial Union and the Boston Natural History Society. The Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation at Berkeley and Boylston streets, the Young Woman's Christian Associations on Warrenton and on Berkeley streets, and the Young Men's Christian Union on Boylston Street all have good libraries, as well as free ]5ublic lectures and classes for instruction in various branches. Among Boston's important educational agencies we must not forget the Museum of Fine Arts and its splendid building at Art Square and Dartmouth Street. Here one may study the whole history of art from its primitive ages up to the latest schools, through choice classified collections. We cannot close this sketch without referring to the Perkins' Institute and Massachusetts School for the Blind, at South Boston. It is a splendid monument to Dr. Samuel G. Howe, who began the education of the blind in 1S29 and ended in the splendid mansion of Col. Thomas H. Perkins, on Pearl Street. Here the celebrated Laura Bridgeman, lately deceased, was educated to her marvelous achievements. Here the first books for the blind in this country were printed. All the pianos and instruments used in the public schools, and in many private schools are tuned by its pupils. It usually has about 160 inmates, whose proficiency in music and several other branches is sometliiiij; wonderful. Boston has a great variety of private schools, the Chauncey Hill, corner of Boylston and Darmouth, established 182S, being the leading one. Her minor educational agencies are almost endless, and could hardly be stated and described in a volume. THE CLUBS OF BOSTON. The social and intellectual qualit) of Boston is largely expressed in its numerous clubs, of which there are more than in any cit}- in the United States. Boston has been frequently alluded to as the " city of clubs." But, instead of their membership being merely confined to rich people of luxury and fashion, they represent nearly all classes of peojDle, and cover the whole range of intellectual, social and lusthetic tastes. The most fashionable among the Boston social clubs, is the Somerset, situated on the brow of the hill on Beacon Street, overlooking the Common. Upon its site, once lived the famous painter Copley. The Somerset was organized in 1853, and is the ntost exclusive of the Boston clubs. It is the only one into which a member cannot introduce a friend, unless he is a stranger in the city, though it receives ladies related to members, for whom a splendid dining-room is supj)lied and other apartments for entertainment. To be a Somerset club man is a passport into the most exclusive of Boston society and secures recognition in the most fashionable clubs of other cities. Its dining-rooms and other apartments are superb, and its librarv very choice. loo PICTURESQUE BOSTON. Its membership, formerly limited to 250, is now upwaitls of 600 and em- braces many of the old families of Boston. The Union Club, located on Park Street, was formed in 1S63. It prides itself upon containing more brilliant men in law and politics than any other club in the city. It is celebrated for its splendid dinners and accompanying- bon mots. Its first president was Edward Everett, and such men as Richard H. Dana, Charles G. Loring and Lemuel Shaw (son of the noted Chief Justice) have occupied the presidential chair. The Algonquin Club is the most cosmopolitan of all the city clubs. Its intent was to bring together representative men in politics, business, science and art. It difi'ers from the exclusive Somerset, and has none of the profes- sional class character of the Union, in that it has accommodations for its entire varied constituency. It also entertains the lady memliers of the club- man's family, who as honorary associates may invite their friends to sliare the advantages of the club. Its views and by-laws are progressive, and its liberal plan has brought into it representatives of the old families and some of the most distinguished professional and artistic lights of the " Hub." Its splendid building on Commonwealth Avenue is one of the finest club edifices in the world. It has a membership of 1,000, and prides itself upon having the advantages of all the other clubs combined. But perhaps the most popular of the city clubs is the Boston Athletic Club, on Exeter Street. It is a growth of the past two or three years, and first occupied its splendid building last December. It is provided with ten- nis courts, swimming and Turkish baths, a gymnasium, billiard room, and every possible arrangement for exercise, relaxation and comfort. All these in no way interfere with its equally complete reading and dining rooms. In short it provides for the whole physical, literary, social and artistic man. It is therefore not strange that its membership of over two thousand includes artists, lawyers, physicians and authors. It has besides " ladies' days," and makes a feature of its table d'hote dinners, which are served to members at 7^ cents, within its palatial quaners. One of the most unique of Boston clubs is the .St. Botolph, which dates from 18S0. It is situated on Newbury .Street, and vsWi modeled after the plan of the Century Club in New York. Its particular feature is its Satur- day evening and monthly meetings, to which men eminent in literature and art are invited. Its gallery contains a choice collection of sculptures and pictures. It is noted for its musicales, " smoke talks" and theatricals. On Saturday nights and Sunday afternoons a stringed quartette not only plays a choice repertory, but also compositions by members of the club. These concerts are very popular and are one of the features of this peculiarly artistic club, whose membership is limited to men of literary and aesthetic tastes and pursuits. The Puritan Club, on Beacon Street, opposite the Common, is virtually a Harvard University club, or, as it is sometimes called, a post-graduate Harvard club. Its members are largely sons of old Somerset members, belonging to Boston's aristocratic club. Harvard men keep up their old PICTURESQUE BOSTON. loi college associations in this club, and social ties are here continued among young lawyers, doctors, and business men who have been classmates. This club was organized in 1S84 and has some 300 members. One of Boston's most novel clubs is the Tavern Club,.on Boylston Place. It was started in behalf of good cookery by a few professional men. Wil- liam D. Howells was at one time its president, and its members are mostly lawyers, doctors, bankers, and literary men. At its famous dinners all stiH- ness is put aside, and boyish good humor is the prevailing spirit. This club has a sort of international chai'acter, and has entertained some of the leading; professional men of Europe. Many the inerr^' non-conventional dinner that has taken place within its unique quarters. Its halls are embellished in many styles and languages. It might be called an anti-dyspeptic club, where lit- erarv and professional men put themselves at ease. Its frolics are never made public, though they are all of a clean and elevated character. The Central Club is about fifteen years old, situated in the quarters for- merly occupied by the Art Club. It has always been very hospitable, and entertains more eminent professional men than any other non-literary club in the city. It is a very popular club among ex-governors, ex-mayors, editors, and prominent leaders in public affairs, and its social quality is of the very highest order. The above are the leading social clubs of Boston. To these might be ad- ded the Papyrus, which without any fixed home of its own holds monthly meetings, at which the leading wits and literary workers of the day are often found. Nor must the Boston Press Club be forgotten, which is located at 1 2 Bosworth Street, and enrolls 230 names from among the newspaper and other daily literary workers on the Boston press. Besides these there is the Whist Club on Boylston Street, the elegant resort for expert lovers of that game from among the most prominent gentlemen of the city. Outside of the city limits there is also the Roxbury Club, and the elegant Country Club, located in Clyde Park, Brookline. Of artistic, athletic, intellectual, sporting, and technical clubs Boston has a great variety. The Art Club has one of the finest buildings in the city, located on the corner of Dartmouth and Newbury streets. For nearly twenty years it had no home, and few members. It now has over i ,000 members. It is the centre of art feeling, and its exhibitions are a feature of Boston life. Its gallery is choice, and its library replete with art lore and gems. The hospitality of the Art Club is extended to the Paint and Clay Club, whose exhibitions are among the prominent art features of artistic Boston. The Channing Club is made up of a well-known intellectual and liberal coterie of distinguished leaders in the progressive thought-life of America, and was organized in 18S7. Its leading spirits are Unitarians, and member- ship is confined to only 100 laymen. The New England Kennel Club is located on Hamilton Place, adjoining Music Hall, its purpose being the study of thoroughbred dogs. Its exhibi- I02 PICTURESQLIE BOSTON. tions are largely attended by lovers of canine culture from all parts of the state. '^'-p Megantic Fish and Game Club controls the largest fish and game jjreserves in this country, situated in Maine and lower Canada. It has a large membership, among whom clergymen figure quite largely with other professionals. Boston also has a Camera Club, situated on Bromfield Street, devoted to amateur photography, and having a large membership, whose occasional exhibitions excite much interest. Musical and dining clubs in Boston exist almost without number. The former have merely places of meeting, and the latter enjoy their various gas- tronomic tastes in appointed hotels and among special caterers. Boston has no exclusively woman's clubs like the famous clubs in London, or the Sorosis in New York. The women are under certain rules entertained by some ot the regular clubs. Movements looking to the formation of women's chilis are, however, in prospect. It will thus be seen that the clubs as a social feature of Boston exceed in extent and variety those of any other American city. They serve to bring together people of similar tastes and aspirations. Club life does not invade the home, and is finallv destined to embrace both sexes and all classes and conditions of societv. THE NEWSPAPERS OF BOSTON. Boston may truly be said to be the home of the American press. Though early printing in this country is generally associated with Benjamin Franklin, there was a paper published in Boston many years before Franklin was born. The first paper ever published in America was issued in this town. On September 3^, 1690, a small sheet of four pages appeared. Its re- puted editor was Richard Pierce. It soon fell under the suspicion of the government and was suppressed as seditious. Of this primitive paper, only one copy is known to exist, and that is deposited in the State Paper office in London. But the first newspaper to become firmly established was the Boston News Letter, published April 24, 1704. It was a half sheet, made up of two folio pages. Its imprint states tliat it was " printed by B. Green, and sold by Nicholas Boone at his shop near the old meeting-house." John Campbell postmaster of Boston was its proprietor. The Ncxvs- Letter passed through many changes as to proprietor and printer. It was intensely royalist while the British occupied Boston, and when they evacuated the city in 1776 it ceased to exist, having survived seventy-two years. Complete files of this paper are preserved in the rooms of the Massachusetts Historical Society on Tremont Street. The Bostofi Gazette appeared Decemlier 14, 1721. It was this paper . PICTURESQUE BOSTON. 103 that for a time was run by James Franklin, brother of Benjamin. Having incurred the displeasure of Cotton and Increase Mather in a paper published later, called the Nczv England Coitrant, James was sent to prison for libel. It was then that Benjamin, who had long been a contributor, took charge of the paper for a time. ' This is the only connection of Dr. Franklin with early printing in Boston, and much of the fame commonly attributed to him in this regard properly belortgs to John Campbell, the father of the American press. Up to the beginning of the present century many papers had been started in Boston, most of which were short-lived. As all papers had to be pub- lished "by authoril^- " such as espoused the patriot cause were usually confiscated and their publishers sent to jail for sedition. The fight between the royalist and the patriot press was a severe and bitter one. Chief among the latter was the A/assac//iisetts Spv which afterwards became the Jl'or- ccster Spy, and still exists. Out of the remains of several extinct weekly papers published early in the century T/ie Dailv Advertiser, the oldest daily paper in Boston was formed in 1S13, W. Clapp being the publisher, and Horatio Bigelow the first editor. This paper as it appears to-day has of course passed through several changes as to ownership and management, but it has always been the organ of a select constituency among the wealthier and more conservative classes. Its politics are Republican. It has never succumbed to any of the taking arts by which the modern successful newspaper is "boomed," but still continues in the even tenor of its ways, a sort of "gentleman of the old school " among the Boston dailies. It is now published by W. A. Barrett. The afternoon annex of the Advertiser, however, a cne-cent paper. The Record, is as frisky and sensational as its parent is sedate, and is a newsv and popular little sheet. The next oldest daily the Boston Post, was started in 1831 by Colonel Charles G. Green. Its building stands on the site of Franklin's birth-place on Milk Street. In its palmy days under Colonel Green the Post was one of the ablest Democratic journals in the country. It was for many years the standard paper for commercial news, and this, together with its editorial ability, made it a recognized authority among business men. But when it lost its founder it began to decline. In 1875 it was bought by the Rev. E. D. \\'inslow, whose crookedness in handling the stock soon threw the paper upon the Supreme Coiut in order to decide who its rightful owners were. Since then the paper has had a career of changes in its management, and uncertainty as to patronage. But since its reorganization in 18S5 it has dis- played much of its old time vigor and ability, and under its jjresent editor, G. M. Bacon, has a good standing. The Post is still Democratic, but not actively partisan. The standard Republican paper of Boston is the Boston Journal, started in 1833. It was originally published by Messrs. Ford and Damrell, and John S. Sleeper was its first editor. For over twenty years Colonel William Clapp has been its editor. Since i860 it has been published from 264 Wash- ington .Street. The journal is in many respects an excellently edited paper, I04 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. its typography and make-up being attended to with great care. Its features are all arranged in departments, with the method of a well arranged toilet, and it corresponds to its constituency, which is largely made up of syste- matic merchants and families of the old school. The yoitmal is an excel- lent commercial paper. It still adheres to the old four page "blanket sheet " form, with a supplement when an overflow of matter calls for it. It is also a good newspaper, but has not fallen into the new methods of journalism. It publishes morning and evening editions. Boston's two popular newspapers, of the modern '' hustling" order, are the Herald and Globe. The Boston Herald wa.% started in 1S46 as an evening paper. It was a small four-page sheet of five columns. But there was evidently room for it, and in two years it had starved out the Eagle and Daily Times. Its tirst editor and chief owner for some years was E. C. Bailey. It gradually came to publish a morning and then a weekly edition, though the latter was dropped in 1S51. Mr. Bailey finally disposed of his stock to R. M. Pulsifer, E. B. Haskell, and C. H. Andrews, who had been his employes, and this firm, of which Mr. Pulsifer was the publisher-in- chief, developed the paper into the leading popular newspaper in Boston, llpon the death of Mr. Pulsifer the paper fell into the hands of the remaining partners, to whom had been added John H. Holmes. Then Mr. Haskell retired, and the paper is now issued by a stock publishing company, of which Mr. Holmes is manager. For several years the Herald had no rival as a two-cent people's newspaper. Its circulation was as large as its enter- prise, and it had its particular field all to itself. It is a Republican-Inde- pendent paper, or as a latterly coined word expi-esses it — " Mugwump." The Boston Daily Globe came into the field March 4, 1S72, but not as a competitor with the Herald. It was started by Maturin M. Ballou as an independent four-cent morning paper, aiming at a high literary character. The following year Mr. Ballou retired, and in August Col. Charles H. Tay- lor was appointed manager by the stockholders. Colonel Taylor had a hard task before him to pull the paper through, but by dint of indomitable energy and ability, and the efficient cooperation of Cashier Edward Prescott, it was ' tided along under great difficulties till 1S7S. It was then that an entire re- organization of the Globe took place. It became a two-cent paper. Morn- ing, evening, and Sunday editions were published. New blood was infused into its editorial stafi", and the paper took a fresh lease of life. Soon the cir- culation, which had never reached above 10,000, went up to 30,000. By 1 8S4 it had reached 50,000. Still many believed that there was no room for a successful rival of the established Herald. Yet in 1SS5 the circulation had reached 60,000; in 1886,90,000; in 1S87 a circulation of 120,000 was claimed, and in July, 1889 the Globe asserted that the figures for the daily edition were 147,382, and the Sunday 143,592 copies. The phenomenal suc- cess of the Globe, following almost in the same line with that of the Nexv I'ork World, is primarily due to the superior qualities of Colonel Taylor, but in a larger sense to the craving of the great mass of people for news, promptly supplied and attractively displayed. Throwing oft' all conserva- PICTURESQLJE BOSTON. 105 tism of the older papers, the Globe has hesitated at no legitimate and proper scheme to interest and please the masses. As its manager affirms, it started vvitli no traditions and still entertains none. The Globe is straight Demo- cratic. Arthur A. Fowle is its able managing editor, and Boston's brilliant leader-writer, James W. Clarke, is at the head of its editorial column. Boston has two exclusi\ely evening dailies, the Transcript and the Traveller. The Boston Evening Z'raw.ycrz^/ was founded in 1830 by Diit- ton & Wentworth. Henry N. Button & Son published it until 1879, when a corporation was formed from the Button heirs. Its present editor is Edward H. Clement. The Transcript is Republican, but is elevated and independent in its views on all matters of public interest. It is a genuine type of the high-toned literary journal, and has a large circulation among the very best class of cultivated, disinterested and clean citizens. It is the standard journal of art and literary criticism, while its news columns cover the wants of its rather select and cultured constituency. The Boston Everting Traveller was the first two cent evening paper in Boston. It was started in 1845. The Traveller has weekly and semi- weekly editions. It was formerly a leading exponent of Republicanism, and is still patronized quite largely by Republicans and Prohibitionists. It is intended to be an elevated family paper, advocating the cause of temperance, education, and moral reforms. It is published at the head of State Street, where for more than a century papers have been issued. Its editor and pro- prietor is Roland Worthington, and its politics straight Republican. Of weekly papers the most venerable is the Saturday Evening Gazette, established in 1S13. It is now owned and edited by Colonel Henrv G. Parker. It is a large four-page sheet, devoted to the higher walks of litera- ture and education. It is Republican in politics, and is largely read in the old families of Boston. There are also the Budget, the Commonxvealth, the Courier, the Commercial Bulletin, the Beacon, and several other weekly papers devoted to class literature. The Pilot and the Republican are Irish-American organs, and the BritisJi American Citizen is the organ of the British-Americans. Of religious, scientific, commercial, agricultural, educational, social and other trade and class journals Boston publishes upwards of two hundred, all of which it would be impossible to mention in detail. In short there is little in the line of literature that does not find expression in some Boston periodi- cal publication. As a centre of mental and moral activity the "Hub" has no rival in America, and the "Modern Athens" well deserves its name. ESTABLISHED 1845. U t « ^ George H. lUORRM S Co., MANUFACTURERS OF PrM ami LitlopiililG INKS. PRINCIPAL OFFICE: BOSTON. WORKS, NORWOOD, MASS. Hi (P ^ ' 146 Congress street/' Late Residence of the Poet Long- fellow, AT Cambridge. Chapter XII. THE ENVIRONS OF BOSTON. Cambridge — A Trii- There by Street Cars — Harvard University — Scenes IN Cambridge — The Washington El.m — The Lox(, fellow House — Brook- line — Chestnut Hill Reservoir — Somerville — Chelsea — Newton — Lynn — Swampscott — M arbleiie ad — Salem. The most important independent community in the vicinity of Bos- ton is the city of Cambridge. While the neighboring and adjoining cit- ies of Charle.stown and Roxbury have found it to their interest to become integral parts of the great city, Cambridge although as closely connected by physical conditions has so far chosen to remain apart. Nevertheless for all practical purposes of business or pleasure Cambridge is essentially a pait of that great community the larger portion of which is now included under io8 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. the name of Boston, and is so despite the fact of a separate municipal government. Cambridge's principal claim to distinction is that Harvard University is here located. Within its limits also is Mount Auburn ; the first of the kind and the model for all " rural cemeteries " in the country. Cambridge is reached from Boston by street cars from Park .Square or Bowdoin Square. From either of these starting points the cars cross the West Boston Bridge, and the view hereby aflbrded of Boston perched on Beacon Hill, the houses bordering on the Charles River together with the broad tidal basin itself forms a remarkably pleasing picture. The route then lies through Cam- bridgeport, among busy manufacturing establishments of various sorts, leaving which behind after a mile or more the way is bordered with residences seated among trees on green lawns. At the distance of about three miles from Boston the University is reached, and skirting the college yard by Hai-vard Street the car runs into Harvard Square. If the visitor wishes to make a pedestrian tour among the buildings of the university, the best place is to leave the car at Harvard Square, which extends along the whole western front of the college yard. Let us enter the college on the west side, by the main gate. The first building on the right is Massachusetts Hall, the oldest of the college buildings, first erected in 1718, and used as a dormitory, but remodeled in 1S70, and now used for examination rooms. The building on the left is Harvard Hall, built in 1765 to replace a former structure by the same name and is used for lecture rooms. Passing between these two buildings we come out on the Quad- rangle, which is a central green, dotted with trees, of the general shape that its name implies, and most of the college buildings are ranged along its sides. The building across the Quadrangle immediately in front of us is University Hall, used for the headquarters of the college authorities and for lecture rooms. It was erected in 1815. All the other buildings that directly abut on the Qiiadrangle are dormitories. The oldest one of these is Hollis Hall, which is situated next north from Hai-vard Hall. It was erected in 1763. Hollis has sheltered many distinguished men in their student days, among whom were Ralph Waldo Emerson, W. H. Prescott, Charles Sum- ner, and Wendell Phillips. Next to Hollis, north, is Stought:>n Hall, erected in 1S05. Across the north end of the Quadrangle is Holvvorth>- Hall, erected in 1S12. On the east side between Holworthy and University Halls is Thayers Hall, erected in 1S70, then on the other side of University Hall is Weld Hall, erected in 1872. At the south end of the Qiiadrangle is Grays Hall, built in 1863, while between it and Massachusetts Hall on the west side is Matthews Hall, built in 1872. This takes us the entire circuit of the Qiiadrangle, but bj' no means in- cludes all the college buildings. Almost bordering on the Quadrangle at the southeast is Boylston Hall, the Chemical Laboratory erected in 1S57. Gore Hall, the College Library building, is in the college yard just beyond Weld Hall, and reached through the Qiiadrangle by passing around the south end of University Hall. Appleton Chapel, the University house of v^'orship, is situated in the north part of the yard beyond Thayer Hall. Sever Hall a PICTURESQUE BOSTON. 109 fine dormitory building, is on the extreme eastern side of the college yard. Dana Hall, built in 1S32, and the Old President's House, both comparatively small edifices, are situated at the southwest corner of the yard outside of Matthews and Grays Halls. Holden Chapel, erected in 1744, stands in front of Stoughton and Hollis Halls. South of Holden Chapel stands Lib- erty or Class Day Tree. The only other buildings in the college yard are the president's house, a two-story brick dwelling, a short distance east of the library, and the Dana House, next to the president's house, but nearer Harvard Street. Outside of the College Yard are some of the most important buildings of the University. The new Law School, erected in 1SS3, the new Physical Laboratory and the Gymnasium are all in a bunch on the old Holmes estate, northward from the college yard, and fronting on Cambridge Street. Near by is the Lawrence Scientific School, while across the broad interval of Holmes' Field is Society Hall, where the Agassiz collections were first housed. Passing along the north side of the college yard, up Cambridge Street, the magnificent Memorial Hall is reached. This building was com- pleted in 1S76. It was erected as a memorial of the students and graduates of the University, who served during the Civil war in either branch of the service. The building contains the Dining Hall, the Memorial Transept, and Sander's Theatre. The Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology, and the Agassiz Museum of Comparative Zoology are situated side by side on Divinity Avenue, a short distance northward from Memorial Hall. These two museums will ultimately be combined in one grand museum. Besides the dormitories in the college yard there are a number of build- ings on adjoining streets erected by private parties within the past few years for the accommodation of students. The finest of these is Beck Hall, at the junction of Harvard, Main, and Qiiincy streets. Others are Felton Hall, corner of Cambridge and Trowbridge streets, the Hilton Dormitories on Harvard Street, opposite the college yard. Next to the Hilton Dormitories is the Holyoke House, a college dormitory erected in 1S71. Next beyond, on the corner, is Little's Block, also a private dormitory. There are many other interesting features in Cambridge, in the vicinity of the University, such as the Old Cambridge Baptist Church, the First Parish Church, the Soldier's Monument, the Common, the Harvard Boat Club House, and the Protestant Episcopal Theological School, and others. The Washington Elm, on Garden .Street, south side of the Common is one of the features of Cambridge that visitors are always anxious to see. In front of the iron railing which encircles the tree is a granite table with an inscription written by the poet Longfellow, which tells briefly the story of the tree. The inscription is as follows : " Under this tree Washington first took command of the American Army, July 3, 1775." The centennial of this event was celebrated with rnpph en. tbusiasm by Cambridge people. Henry W. Longfellow, the poet, purchased an old wangion P?} PratW^ no PICTURESQUE BOSTON. Street in 1S37, and from that time until liis death occupied it as a residence. The house was built in 1739, and was occupied by Washington as his head- quarters in July, 1775. Mount Auburn Cemetery is about a mile and a half beyond the Univer- sity, and is reached through Brattle Street. Here was first put into effect the idea of surrounding the resting places of the dead with pleasanter asso- ciations than those that usually existed in ordinary burying grounds. The success was so great that it made the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, with whom the idea originated, the richest organization of the kind in the world. It was intended that pleasant scenery, with gentle lawns, beautiful trees and groves, with curving driveways and rambling paths should form an attractive spot with an aspect of peace and repose. The idea be- came very popular, and the example of Mt. Auburn found a follovs'ing in nearly every part of the country, while the celebrated burial place became one of the show-spots of Boston, where strangers were taken to behold what could be accomplished in the way of good taste. Brookline. — The town of Brookline is that beautiful section of country between Brighton on one side, and the South End and the Roxbury District on the other, and it extends from the near neighborhood of the Back Bay Fens for five or six miles southwest. Is it inhabited chiefly by wealthy families, and the whole town abounds with beautiful sylvan scenery and well- kept estates, so that to walk, drive, or wheel through it is almost like going through a park. The electric cars that run from the Providence depot, Park Square, run through Brookline, after passing the Back Bay Fens, until near the terminus at the Chestnut Hill Reservoir. That portion of Beacon Street in Brookline, a distance of between two and three miles, is constructed after the style of Commonwealth Avenue, a parkway in the centre, with driveways on either side, while bordering the road-side are green fields and pleasant residences. The electric cars run in the centre of the roadway, and the view of the city, either when going or returning, is superb. This electric railway brings the beauty of this magnificent driveway, with its fine outlook, within the reach of all. This avenue has been considered the most fashionable drive in New England. Chestnut Hill Reservoir is just beyond the terminus of the Electric Railway, and at the extremity of Beacon Street, and is in the Brighton Dis- trict, just beyond the bounds of Brookline. The grounds around the reser- voir are laid out as a park, and the scenery in the neighborhood viewed from the embankment, because of the diversity of hill and dale, the abundance of grass and trees, the general well kept appearance of everything, is extremely pleasing. The reservoir has an area of 125 acres, with a capacity of Soo,- 000,000 gallons, and is two and a half miles in circumference. The large, picturesque looking stone building on the low level along the steam railroad tracks is the pumping station of the Boston Water Works. Somerville is a city of about thirty thousand inhabitants, east of Charlestown, and north of Cambridge, both of which places it merges into without any perceptible dividing line. The horse-cars run from Boston PICTURESQITE BOSTON. i,i through Charlestovvn to Soiiieiville, iiiul also reach tlie localitv through Cam- bridge. Soincrx ille is largely a residence section for people who work in Boston, and its nearest point is within two miles, in a direct line, from the City Hall. All parts of it are readily reached by the trains of the Boston and Maine Railroad, as there are two stations within its limits on that road — Somerville and East Somerville. The McLean Asylum for the Insane, a branch of the Massachusetts General Hospital, is located here. It was es- tablished in iS]6, through means of a bequest of $125,000 by John McLean, who also gave $150,000 to the Massachusetts General Hospital. The Asy- lum is run as a branch of the latter institution. Chelsea. — Situated at the mouth of the Mystic River, just north of East Boston and Cambridge, is the citv of Chelsea. It had a population of 25,709 by the state census of 1SS5, and its present population is probably about thirty thousand. A ferry connects Boston witii Chelsea, and runs from the foot of Hanover Street, on Atlantic Avenue, tiie distance being less than two miles, and during the passage an excellent view is obtained of the water front of Boston, East Boston, and Charlestovvn, of the Bunker Hill Monument, and the Navy Yard. Chelsea is famous for its potteries, the principal establish- ments being the Lowe Tile-work, and the Chelsea Potteries. On Powder- Horn Hill is the Massachusetts Soldiers' Home. The United States Naval Hospital is also located here. Chelsea is like the other places in the near neighborhood of Boston, a residence section for people who work there, a nd its quiet streets and excellent situation adapts it very well for this purpose. Nev^ton. — The city of Newton embraces a beautiful region of country lying westward of the Brighton District, Chestnut Hill Reservoir, and the town of Brookline. It is mainly a place of residence, and has many separate localities. The Newton Circuit, a branch of the Boston and Albany Rail- road, makes a detour through the territory and reaches every localit)'. As trains run around the circuit in either direction almost every hour, and the time of the entire trip from Boston to Boston on any train, with stops at every station, is no more than an hour and a quarter, every part of Newton is consequently as easily accessible as the larger part of the suburbs of the city. Lynn. — Twelve miles from Boston, h\ the Eastern Division of the Bos- ton and Maine Railroad, is the City of Lynn. It has a population of about fifty thousand persons, and is the most important shoe manufacturing centre in the country, one-quarter of the entire population being engaged in this business, and the annual product amounts to more than twenty million dol- lars in value. The Boston Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad, from East Boston, also runs to Lynn, passing many popidar shore resorts. Swampscott is now a well-known summer resort, between thirteen and fourteen miles distant from Boston, by rail, and within three miles of the city of Lynn. Lynn, as is well known, is now the most important centre in the world of the shoe manufacture. A spacious, handsome, and shady avenue, running along the shore, connects Lynn with Swampscott, and for nearlj- a mile the elevated and rocky shore is studded with villas having fine grounds and excellent facilities for boating and sea-bathing at their doors. Swamp- 112 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. scott is on the north side of Nahant Bay. Following the loaJ along the shore, beyond the fishermen's houses, the promontory of Lincoln Point is reached. On this point is a hotel, the Lincoln House, and from here may be seen the peninsula of Nahant, to the south, with Egg Rock in the fore- ground, while along the shores of the bay intervening, are many stretches of beach with residences picturesquely situated on elevated points. Near Lin- coln's Point is Whale's Beach, and just beyond, to the eastward, at the extremity of a point of land is Dread's Ledge. This is a wicked-looking shore, and the surrounding waters are thickly strewn with sunken rocks. Here several vessels have been lost. At Beach Bluff", on Phillips Beach, there are two hotels, the Upland and Hotel Preston. The bluff is about forty feet in height, and the hotels are the width of a street from its edge. On Marblehead Neck the most prominent object is the new hotel known by the euphonious name. Nanapashemet. The Marblehead branch of the Eastern railroad connects with the main line at Swampscott, and between there and Marblehead has stations at Phillips Beach, Beach Bluff', Clifton, and Devereux, all of which places are summer resorts. The largest hotel in Swampscott is the Lincoln House. Other hotels are the Oakland House, Little Anawan, Hotel Beacon, Beach House, Cliff" House, and there are besides, many boarding-houses. Swampscott has three beaches, known respectively as King's, Fisherman's and Whale's, which, though comparatively small in size, are yet admirably adapted for bathing. The water is said to be warmer here than at Nahant and Rye Beaches, and there is no undertow. Marblehead. — This is an old fishing town situated on two small rocky peninsulas, connected by a narrow strip of sand and pebbles. It is sixteen or eighteen miles from Boston. The town was incorporated in 1635, and was once the second place in New England in wealth and in the extent of its foreign commerce. The principal industry now is the manufacture of shoes. Marblehead is the scene of Whittier's poem, " Skipper Ireson's Ride." The beaches here are small and covered with pebbles. The long- est is less than a mile in length, and is the scene of Hawthorne's essay, " Foot- prints on the Sand," and Longfellow's poem, " Fire of Driftwood." Salem. — This city is sixteen miles from Boston, and is situated on a long peninsula between two inlets, northeast of the peninsula of Marblehead. Here the Massachusetts Bay colonists first located before establishing them- selves at Boston. A popular frenzy, known in history as the witchcraft de- lusion, prevailed in Salem in the year 16S2, and during the time of its con- tinuance, sixteen months, nineteen persons, mostly women, were executed as witches. The population of Salem by the last census was 27,598. The Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine Railroad passes through Salem ; a branch of the Eastern runs from Salem to Marblehead, one runs to Law- rence, and another to Wakefield, connecting there with trains on the Boston and Maine Railroad. A branch of the Boston and Maine also runs to Lowell. The Boston Type Foundry may be properly considered one of the landmarks of Boston. It commenced the manufacture of type in the year 1817. Its present location is on the corner of Milk and Kilby Streets, where, on an average, a thousand pounds of type are cast each day. It has ever kept in the van, and been foremost in mechanical improvements. In 1843 it developed and perfected the successful casting machine now in use the world over, entirely superseding the hand-process, and the only impor- tant invention in type-founding since the days ot Gutenberg ! It is justly celebrated for its large variety of original faces, both body letter and display, which are eagerly called for, nor only in this countrj-, but abroad. In 1886 it induced the Associated Founders of the United States to agree upon a definite base for the "Point System" of uniform bodies and height, and at once commenced castingon that plan, which, when adopted by all the foundries will ensure perfect justification. This foundry is an emporium also for the sale of every article needed by the printer. Here may be found, presses, paper-cutters, and printers' machinery of every description. WiiKKS OF THE NORTII DiGHTON COOPERATIVE StoVE CoMPAXY. Near the North Dighton Station of the Old Colony Raihoad, in South Taunton, Mass., are the works of the North Dighton Cooperative Stove Company. The company was organized June, iSS6, and work was commenced in the foundry in July of the same year. In the beginning only fifteen hands were employed, but the demand for the stoves and ranges turned out has increased so steadily that a continued and constant enlargement of the business has been nec- essary, so that at present about forty hands are employed. The first 3'ear about one thousand stoves and ranges were manufactured, but the last year — the third of the business — between three and four thousand were made, and they were sent not only all over New England, but beyond to many of the great business centres. New York, Buft'alo, Chicago, and San Francisco, — from these places supjjlying the retail trade in many sections of the West. They are superior in style and workmanshiji, and consequently the introduction of a few in a new locality soon creates a demand for more. The names by whiclr their different styles are known are, White Oak, Oak Leaf, and Live Oak ranges, and the Prize Oak Parlor Stove. The celebrated Almoner Ranges, also, are manufactured by this same enterprising company. It is for the interest of the company, in a business where there is so much competition, to have all the- work well finished and fitted, and as inatiy of the workmen are stockholders, they manage to turn out quite a superior grade of goods. The officers of the corporation are a board of seven directors, one of whom is president ; an agent, and a treasurer. The treasurer is Mr. Charles H. Evans, and the agent Mr. William B. Hathaway. Works of the Presbrey Stove Lining Company, Taunton, Mass. The oldest concern in the city of Taunton engaged in the manufoctiiie of stove lining and fire bricks, is the Presbrey Stove Lining Company, 212 Som- erset Avenue. The enterprise was first started in 1826, and is consequently one of the oldest establishments in the country in that line. The company was incorporated under its present name in 1S66. Three acres and a quarter of ground are covered by its works, which comprise eleven buildings, each devoted to some particular branch of the manufacture. The machinery is very efficient, and the appliances are of the very best that can be made available. The offi- cers are Mr. Henry T.Root, president, and Mr. B. C. Pierce, treasurer. The city of Providence has many special lines of manufacture, but none are more interesting than one conducted on the banks of the Seekonk River, corner of Waterman and East River streets, near the Red Bridge, in a peaceful neighborhood, quite away from tlie hum of business. Here, in commo- dious quarters, the American Ship Windlass Company constructs steam windlasses, steam capstans, improved hand windlasses and cap- stans, and these machines have been and are of such approved merit that they are in general use in t he best class of vessels, both in the government and merchant service. Attention is exclusively devoted to the construction of these machines, the methods of op- eration, the tools and appliances, and as a result the machines themselves have all been brought to a very high degree of perfection. The demands of mod- ern commerce require large vessels, and the labor of weighing the anchors of these monster crafts as compared with the former class of vessels is such that Providence Capstan Windlass. Providence Steam Capstan Wind- lass, New Style. Providence Pump Brake Windlass, New Style. the steam windless is a necessary adjunct, while its use saves much time and labor, as by its means two men can often accomplish work formerly requiring twenty or twenty-five. A majority of the steel and iron ships built in the last twelve years on the Atlantic coast and the great lakes are provided with this wind- )ass, m^ seyen-eighfhsi pj dU thp vessel^ of the country have them in pse to-day. Whiting Paper Co., HOLYOKE, MASS., MANUFACTURERa OF Wedding, Ledger, Bond, Linens, Bristols, Blanl( Boole and Writing Product, 25 Tons Daily. HIGHEST AWARD FOR QUALITY AND EXCELLENCE OF ALL PAPERS. Philadelphia House: 18 South Sixth Street. Complete lines of all the above are here carried in stock. New York House: 150 and 152 Duane Street, MANUFACTURERS OF HIGH-CLASS STAT!ONERY, Wedding Notes and Enveiopes, Visiting Cards, Fine Correspondence Papers, IVIourning Stationery, Orders of Dance, Tassels, Etc. The Most Complete and Allrai-lin- l.iin- ol' FIMK PAPtTERIES in the .llarkcl. WHITING'S STANDARD PAPERS — the Finest Papers made for Society Correspondence. WHITING'S Standard and Lin.n Ledgers, the Leading Papers for Official Re- cords, Banks, Merchants and Manufacturers. WHITING'S Linen Fabric, Argyle and other Staple Watermarks, together with many Special Brands, made from the Pnrest Linen .Stock. WHITING'S Superfine Flats Une([ualed by any other make for (Quality and Finish for the Uses of Printers and Lithographers. These Papers are Highly Recommended for their Uniform Qiiality and are Uneqiwled for the variojus characteristics required in each. THESE PAPEJ8.S CAN BE SUPPLIED BY ALL PAPER DEALERS AND ■ - STATIONERS. The Strangers' Guide. HORSE RAILROADS. The following- accurate syuopsis of the rutiuinir of the Horse-Cars throiiu'hout Boston is copied from the last editiou of the Boston Directory , During Business Hours, the FOLLOwrao lines RUN TO ROXBURT: Norfolk House, once iu seven minutes. Tremont Street, once in three minutes, Washington Street, once in tbfee minutes. East Boston Ferry, once in seven minutes, Atlantic Avenue, once in ten minutes. Forest Hills, ouce in fifteen minutes. By Temple Place, cars run to Grove Hall and Dud- ley Street every eitrht minutes. By Cornhill. Warren Street, Mt. Pleasant and Blue Hill Avenue every ten minutes. By Hampdeu Street to Oakland Garden every ten minutes. By Shawmut Avenue from Maine depot to Oakland Garden Avenue every ten minutes. By Shawmut Avenue to Post-Oflice square every ten minutes. By Colimibus Avenue to Post-Office square every ten -minutes. Harrison Avenue, from Grove Hall to Post-Ottice every ten minutes. Run to Beacon Street every four minutes. Run to West End Belt Line (from Northampton Street), every seven minutes. Run to Brookline every ten minutes. Run to Chestnut Hill every fifteen minutes. Run to Jamaica Plain every ten minutes Run to Dorchester, Grove Hall, and Town Hall, every fifteen minutes. Run to Meeting- House Hill and Geneva Avenxie, every fifteen minutes. Run to Field's Corner, via Upham's Corner, every fifteen minutes. Atlantic Avenue and northern depots, every ei^ht minutes. Dartmouth Street, every ten minutes. Chester Park Extension, every twenty minutes. Chelsea, via East Boston, every seven minutes. Chelsea Ferry, every fifteen minutes. Winthrop Junction and East Boston Ferry, every fifteen minutes. Cars Head of Franklin and Bedford Streetp. Run to Field's Corner, once in ten minutes. Run to Milton Lower Mills, once iu fifteen minutes. Run to Neponset, once In thirty minutes. el, Tremont and School Sts. Built 1764. Once Ei'iscopal and Royalist. South Cong. Church, Union Park St. Dr. Edward Everett Hale. Society formed 1825. West Church, Cambridge St. Dr. C. A. Bartol. 1810. Church of the Advent, Episcopalian, Brimmer St. Rich choral services. St. Paul's, Treniout St., near West. Trinity Church, Copley Sq. Rev. Dr. Phillips Brooks. Famous frescos and architecture. Christ Church, Salem St.. North End, 172:1. Paul Revere's Hl^^J8l lanterns hiiug from tower. Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Washington & Maiden Sts. Early-English Gothic. Seats 3,6uu. Fine cho- ral services. Famous organ. Sanctuary choir. PICTURESQUE BOSTON. 119 Immaculate Conception. Harrison Ave. and Concord St. Jesuits. Celebrated muMic. First Baptist Church. Commonwealth Ave. Rev. P. S. Moxom. Noble carved tower. Union Temple Church (TremoQt Temple), Rev. E. J. Hayues. Coluuibus Avenue Church (Univ.). Rev. Dr. A. A. Miner. Built 1873. Fine stained windows. Tremont-Street Methodist, corner Concord Street. 1863. People's Church, Columbus Ave. and Berkeley St. New Jerusalem Church, Bowdoin St. Rev. James Reed. First Spiritual Temple, Newbury and Exeter Sts. STATUES. Daniel Webster, front of State House. 1M59. Samuel Adams. Adama Siiuare. foot of Comhill, 1&80. John A. Andrew, in State House. By T. Ball. Aristides and Columbus, Louisburg- Sii. Marble. Army and Navy Monument, Bostou Oommon. By Milmore. lf*7!. Cost $76,000. 70 ft. high. Emancipation Group. Park Sq. Bronze. 1879. Edward Everett. Public Garden. By Story. Benjamin Franklin, at City Hall. By Greenough. 186ti. With 4 bronze bas-reliefs. Lief, the Norseman, Commonwealth Avenue. Gen. John Glover Commonwealth Ave. By Mil- more. Alexander Hamilton, Commonwealth Ave. William Lluyd Garrison. Commonwealth Ave. 1886. Horace Mann, State House. By Emma Stebbina. Charles Sumner, Public Garden. By Ball. 1878. Geortfe WashiuKton. Public Garden. By Ball. 1869. GeorKe WashiuK-tou, State House. By Chantrey. Governor Winthrop, Scollay Sa. By Greenouph. Soldiers* Monuments in Uoxbury, W. Boxbury, Chatlestowu. BrlKhton, Dorchester, etc. Bunker-Hill Monument, Charlestown. 231 ft. bitrh. Built 1825. Cost $lnii.. Ether Monument, Public Garden. Raised in 1868. Brewer Fountain. Bostou Common. Bronze. Josiah Quincy. City Hall. By Thomas Ball. 1879. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC. state House (fronting the Common). Built 1795. Battle-fla^s and statues in Doric Hall. Senate Chamber. Hall of Representatives. State Li- brary. View from dome. Free to visitf.irs. City Hall, School St. Granite. Renaissance. Cost $600,000. Statues of Franklm and Qumcy. Custom House, State and India Sts, Built 18,'I7, Cost $1,000,000. Doric architecture. Christ Church, Salem Street, Post-office, Devonshire St. Built 1871. Granite; $6.00'. Boylston and Berkeley sts.. 16,000 volumes. Spacious museum. Fr«e Wednesdays and Saturdays. Founded 18;il. COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS. Harvard University, Cambridge. Founded In 1638. 160 instructors. 1.400 students. Harvard Medical School, Boylston and Exeter sta. Boston University. Somerset St., '69. Professional. English High and Latin School. Montgomery St. Built I8al. Cost $760,000. Latin School, founded 1633 New England Conservatory of Music, Franklin Sq , Dr. E. Tourjee. 1.5U0 students. Perkins Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind, Broadway, South Bostou. Open to visitors Thursdays at 11 a. m. Chauncey Hall School, 269 Boylston St. Massacl'usetts Institute of Technology, Boylston and Clarendi>n sts., 70 students. Tufts College (Universalist), Medford. 1854. Wellesley College, at Wellesley (Albany R. R., 16 miles). Splendid buildings and y-rounds), Laselle Seminary, Auburndale (Albany R. R.) Adams Acaaemy, t^uincy (Old Colony R. R.) FERRIES. East Boston. South Ferry, foot of Eastern Avenue to foot of Lewis Street. East Boston, North ferry, foot of Battery Street to foot of Border Street. Boston and Revere Beach Railroad Ferry, 350 Atlan- tic Avenue to Marginal Street Chelsea Ferry, foot of Hanover Street, to foot of Winuisimmet Street. PARKS AND PUBLIC GROUNDS. no ST ON. Common. Park, Tremomt. Boylston, Charles and Beacon Streets, 48.25; cres. Public Garden, Charles, Boylston, Arlington, and Beacon Streets, 2-I.25 acres Fort Hill Stiuare, Oliver and High Streets, 29,480 S(iuare feot. Franklin Square. Washington, East Brookline, East Newton, and James Streets, 2,42 acres. Blackstonc Square, Washington. West Brookline, West Newton Streets, and Sliawmut Avenue, 2.41 acres. I20 PICTURESQUE BOSTON. East Cheater Park, between Albany Street and Har- rison Avenue, 9,3U0 sqnare feet. Chester Park, between Harrison Avenue and Wash- ington Street, 13.060 square feet. Chester Square, between Washington and Tremont Streets. 1,7U acres. West Chester Park, between Tremont Street and Columbus Avenue, 10,150 square feet Commonwealth Avenue, from Arlington Street to West Chester Park, (mails), 9.86 acres Union Park, betweeu Tremont Street and Shawmut Avenue, 16,000 stiuare feet. Worcester Square, between Washington Street and Harrison Avenue. 16,000 square feet Lowell Square, (.lambridge and Lynde Streets, 6,772 square feet. Square, Columbus Avenne, Eliot and Pleasant Streets, a,867 siiuare feet. Montgomery Siiuare, Tremont, Clarendon, and Montgomery Streets, 650 siiuare feet Pemberton Siiuare, between Tremout Row and Som- erset Street, 3,390 siiuare feet Copley Square, between Huntington Avenue, Boyl- ston and Dartmouth Streets. aS, 399 square f. et Trinity Triangle, between Huntington Avenue, Triuity Place, and St. James Avenue, 6.410 square feet. Charles River Embankment, between Canal and West Boston Bridges, lo.oo acres. ROXBURY DISTRICT. Madison Square, Sterling, Marble, Warwick, and Westminster Streets, 2.81 acres Orchard Park, Chadwlck, Orchard Park, and Yeoman Sti eets, 2. 29 acres. Washington Park, Dale and Balnbridge Streets. 9 09 acres. Longwood Park, Park and Austin Streets. 21,000 square feet. Walnut Park, betweeu Washington Street and Wal- nut Avenue. 5.736 square feet. Lewie Park, Highland Street and Highland Avenue, 6,600 square feet. Bromley Park, from Albert to Biikford Street, 20.976 square feet. Fouutain Square. Walnut Avenue, from Munroe to Townaeud Street, 2.66 acres Cedar Square. Cedar Street, between Juniper and Thornton Streets, 26,163 siiuare feet. Linwooil Park, Centre and Linwood, 3,625 sqnare (eet Public Ground, Centre and Perkins Streets, 3,200 square feet. Kiverdale and Back Bay, between Beacon and Per- kins Streets, 216.00 acres. SOUTH BO.STON. Telegraph Hill, Thomas Park, 4.36 acres Independence Siiuare, Broadway, Second, M, and N Streets, 6.60 acres. Lincoln Square, Emerson, Fourth, and M Streets 9,610 square feet. Marine Park, City Point, about 40 acres. DORCHESTER DISTRICT. Dorchester Square, Meeting House Hill, 1.29 acres tatou Siiuare. Adams and Bowdoin Streets, 13,280 square feet. Mt.BowdoiuGreeu, top of Mt. Bowdoin, 26,170 square feet. WEST ROXBURY DISTRICT. Public arounds, shore of Jamaica Pond, S1,000 sqnare Soldiers' Monument Lot, South aud Central Streets 6,870 square leet. Frauklin Park, Sever, Blue Hill Avenue, aud Morton . 618 acres. Arboretum, Centre, South, and Bussey Streets, 167 acres. Public Gniunds, top of Mt. Bellevue, 27,772 square Franklin Park, Franklin Avenue and Hamilton Street, 30,000 square feet. BRIGHTON DISTRICT. Public Grounds, Pleasant and Franklin Streets 1,900 square feet. Massachusetts Avenue, Brighton Avenue to Cheat- nut Hill Ee.survuir, 47.13 acres Jackson Siiuare, Chestnut Hill Avenue, Union and \\ iiiship Streets. 4..S0O square feet Brighton Square, between Chestnut Hill Avenue and Rockland Street, and opposite Branch of Public Library, 26,036 square feet. CHARLESTOWN DISTRICT. Sullivan Square, Main and Sever Streets, 1.30 acres. Public Grounds, Essex and Lyndeboro Streets, 930 square leet. Monument Square, High, Concord, and Lexington Streets, 3.80 acres, ^^'■'io'l^."'' Square, Winthrop, Common, and Adams 38,4o0 square feet. City Square, head of Bow and Main, 8.739 square feet. Public Grounds. Water Street, Charles River, aud Warren Avenue, 3,066 square feet. EAST BOSTON DISTRICT. Sumner and Maverick, 4,3! Maverick Square, square fei-t. Central Square, Meridian and Border, 32,310 square Beliuoiit Square, Webater, Sumner, Lamson, and heaver, 30,000 square feet. Putmau Square, Putman White, aud Trenton, 11.628 square feet. Presiott Square, Trenton, Eagle, and Prescott, 12,284 square leet. Wood Island Park, Wooa Island, 81,3 acres Emerson -^ BEST TONE, BEST WORK AND MATERIALS. ESTABLISHED IN 1849. Every Instrument Fully Warranted. PRICES MODERATE. TERMS REASONABLE. 50,000 MADE AND IN USE. Pianos. Iic^c. ^iaiio arc oF ^Pcgajil' ^ciyiart aM.b GFi4nl;>Pi; thcu ■ncc, in al^ tCic ecv;>cntic>t poitit^, eFi^i>t-(B-Caj>i> 3 14^ t'T'UI^I-e-H -to-. Illustrated Catalogue Sent Free. EMERSON PIANO CO., Warerooms : , 174 Tremont Street, Boston. !92 Fifth Avenue, New York. The Celebrated CATARRH SPECIALIST, of Worcester-, HAS PERMANEINTI^Y l^OCATEI) AT No. 10 HOLLIS STREET, Boston, FOR TIIK TKKAT.MKTST OF CHRONIC NASAL : CATARRH. A CURE GUARANTEED IN EVERY CASE. CONSULTATION FREE. OFFICE HOURS FROM 9 TILL 12, 2 TILL 9. SUNDAYS, FROM 1 TILL 6 P. r M AQAI PATARRU ^^^ battled the skill of professions for many years. Many palliatives have been inautr- nHOHL UH I Hnnn urated; but not until my triumphant chemical discovery has it been pot^sible to say that Nasal Catarrh could be driven from the system. I have a complete and speedy cuke for this loathsome D18TEMPEH, which inav be classed amf)DK' the most subtile, destructive, and relentless enemies of Ihp human race. There is no pathematic of which more have undertaken the treatment, and of which leias have understood the first principle of the cure. Inhalers have been used, medicines have been tnken internally and exlernally» but no relief has been experienced b^' any catarrhal sutferer. Why? Because, as I have already stated, the primary cause of the disorder has never been understood ; the first principal of the discorafor t bad n^ver pre- eenied itself to those who tre*tted, or. rather, maltreated ii. The misg-uided sufferer has never been cognizant of the fact that the sordes (h filthy pellucid matter), and the parasites (minute animals which exist in and con- taminate the organs of smell) must be removed before a cure can be effected. The means for the removal of thH substance and the animal is my wonderful discovery, and is known to none of *he proft-ssinn, except through the medium of those wno have received treatment at my office, and the result, which is developed within a few weeks at the farthest, is in every case satisfactory. I would state, in addition, that all who are trying so-called cures for nasal catarrh, such as inhalations, patent medicines snuffed irom the palm of the hand in the nostrils. Turkish, sulphur, Kussiaii, galvantic, cold or hot water baths, are paving the way to deainess. (bv causing the closure of the Eustachian tubes), sore throat, asthma, consumption, phthisis, pulmonali-J, and death. By all these applications the dregs, feculence, sordes, coagulated matter, and animalcules which should be expelled from the nasal ducts, are, on the contrary, being driven in, clogged, and space formed fornew ac- cummulations. Catarrh is purely a local attliction, though it is treated by a horde of ignorant vampires ns a constitutional disease, inscience treats the symptoms of disease, and the symptoms of disease only. Science treats the germ, and the germ only. Ergo, upon tils principal I riave the destruction of the germ my specialty. The, germs of catarrh exists in the ubove-nam'd dregs, sordes and parasites, and when this germ is de-troyedthe disease dies, and cannot be renewed unless a new germ is formed. That the existance of foreign inspissated matter is the original cause of this ill is not the result of mere conjecture, has been demonstrated bv both analysis and synthesis. The disease of the Schneiderian membrane, like all other maladies, originates with a germ. There is no greater enjoyment of nature's triumphs, and no greater safeguard against noxious things of all kiu'is, than a healthy nose. I hold the world^s specific tor the cure of this terrible scourge which daily sweeps those from our midst who either in ignorance or want of en- ergy will mdke no efforts for their own salvation, or who are content with consulting charlatan adveniseis whose intentions are to palm off their injurious comoounds upon the too credulous catarrhal sufferer. My triamvirate is victoriously and triumphdhtly marching onward, overthrowing and slaying all previous theories and modes of treatment. i?.e:fe:e?.:bitoes .- RBV. W. D. LANGLOIS, S. J., Holi' Cross Collefje, Worcester. Skrot. hanger. Stations, Worcester. N. A, LOMBARD, 73 School Street, Worcester. J. F. DARLING, of Darling Bros., Contractors and Builders, Rochdale, Mass. Tlie 8oii ot lUr. I>Iai'iiii Barri GaiDt>«l 35 Pniinfliii Under Mrs. Ilr. De«'ey's Treatment. To the Editor of tht Gaiellf : - Sir— We are so thankful to Mrs. Dr. Dewey for cur- ing our son of a most aggravated form of Chronic Nasal Catarrh, that we wish, through the columns of your paper, to make it known to others who are afflicted with this terrible disease. We believe this successful treatment and Mr^. Dr. Dewey's skill saved our child's life. He had not breathed throiij^h his nose for several years ; the breathing passages through the nose were completely stopped up ; he was in the most uncomfortable and dangerous cim- dition. In less than fifteen minutes after receiving his first treatment he breathed free and naturnl through the nostrils; the expulsion of sorde was astonishing ; relief was obtained immediately. He has improved every day in every respect since Mrs. Dr. Dewey adminiptered her Catarrh Remedy. His weight has increased 35 pound.^ ; his general health is e.vcellent ; in fact he is a new boy. We feci that we owe Mrs. Dr. Dewey the publication of this testi- monial, and we give it, hoping it will do good wherever it is read. Mr. and Mrs. MARTIN BAKRI, 14 Lincoln Square, Worcester, Mass. Note from Mrs. Dk. Dewey.— The above is another success which I am honestly proud of. The victory achieved is not only gratifying to my professional pride, but it gives me sincere pleasure to rescue one more catarrhal sufferer. My remedy is sovehkion : it has for its basis three necessary requisites, medical science, iihilosophical theory, and common sense ; it is active, penetrating and cleansing, dislodging all morbid secretions from the head and its membranes, and yet it is harmless to the most delicate constitution under all circumstances. Crovernor Claflin Adniiuisetred the Oath, [From the Boston Journal, Nov. »0, 18(19. 1 For years I have suffered from bronchitis and catarrh, complicated with spasmodic asthma. 1 have steadily grown worse, notwithstanding I was under what was considered the best medical treatment that could be procured in Boston and Savannah, Ga. My breathing was so opprefcsed that the slightest e.xertlon rendered life a burden. The day 1 placed myself under Dr. Dewey's care, the 29th of October, 18t)9, my suffer- ings were beyond description. He examined me care- fully and admldistered his remedy. Happily for me, it was no sooner done than I found such relief as I never hoiied to e.xperience again in this world. From that day to the present moment I have gone on stead- ily improving, until to-day, my breathing is free, dis- tress has vanished, and I thank God again for the eii- .ioyment of fresh air in my lungs to invigorate and strengthen me. I am now now able to exercise freely without any oppression in breathing, and, in fact, I feel like a victim freed from the grasp of a relentless enemy. 1 am truly grateful that J ever saw Dr. Dewey, and placed myself confidently under his treatment. I give this statement voluntarilv as a duty I owe to those who suffer as I had to do. Yours with respect, CHARLES HINKLEY. Boston, Nov., 25, 1869. Suffolk, ss. Then personally appeared the said Charles Hinkley, and subscribed and made oath to the truth of the above statement before me, WILLIAM CLAFLm, Governor of the State of Massachusetts. flmefieaD Express Co. THE FACILITIES of the American Express Companv for tlie tninsnortition of \\ estern States and Canada, with 5,000 AGENCIES. Between New Yorl< or Boston, the Intermediate cities and the west SPECI-VL PP-r-^ro"^nl'l'^"', P'-^«sengers-are ri... by American Express Company, vVhich make l:>t:.i iJlK llJVJiL than possible by ordinary passenger trains. Shippers by American Express Companv secure the GREAT ADVANTAGF of QLTICK TIME, PROMPT DELIVERY 'and POSITIVE SECURITY agaii^si loss or damage. The RISK OF LOSS, damage or delay to parcels sent by American Express (-..mpany is greatly diminished by its perfected THROUGH PACKAGE TRUNK s\stpm system. The TARIFFS of the American Express Companv will always be as low as by any responsible Express. SHIPMENTS by the American Express Company are forwarded in charo-e of special messengers and only by the SWIFTEST TRAINS. " American Express Company can be remitted anywhere, and deposited in Banks in any city in the United Stales or Canada Cheap, Safe and Convenient, Issued for any Amount from $1 and Upwards, RECEIPTS GIVEN.-MONEY REFUNDED IF ORDERS ARE LOST. Orders can be Deposited in Bank same as Cheeks and Drafts. ORDERS SOLD AT NEARLY ALL OFFICES OF THE COMPANY IN THE UNITED STATES. S20.00 ii> $30.00 12c sso.ooio !«4o.oo lac. S40.0O to !$o0.00 .'. 20c.' For over $50.00, two or more Orders can be purchased. $11.00 to S0.OO .5c. 80.00 to SIO.OO 8c. 810.00 to $20.00 10c Are now issued Payable in all the Principle Cities of GRtAT BRITIAN IRELAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, HOLLAND, BELGIUM, ITALY NORWAY, SWEDEN, DENMARK. RATES KOR KOREION ORDERS, Not Over SIO.OO lOe .«2o.oo ;;.'.'.' 18c! 830.00 23c. Not Over SIO.OO 33c " 830.00 .|3c. Over iSoO.OO Proportionately. Paid C. O. D.'u ol' S6.00 and nnder in currency, 15 ceniN, over tlie lines of this Company. J. M. ALLEN, PRESIDENT. W. B. FRANKLIN, VICE-PRESIDENT. J. B. PIERCE, SECY AND TREAS. F. B. ALLEN, 2nd VICE-PRESIDENT. INCORPORATED 1866. iimiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiminiiniiiiiniuiiiiiiii CHARTER PERPETUAL. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiii C. E. ROBERTS, MANAGER, 35 Pemberton Square, Boston, Mass. We Publish the following Popular and Standard Bool(s, viz.: PICTURESftUE WASHINGTON, by Joseph West Moore. Price, $2.50; Gilt, $3.00. THREE DECADES OF FEDERAL LEGISLATION, by S. S. Cox. Price, $4.50, Cloth; $5.50, Sheep. PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS, a History of Rhode Island for 250 Years, by Welcome Arnold Greene, assisted by other prominent writers. Price, $3.00, Plain Edge; $3.50, Gilt Edge. Life of Gen. PHILIP H. SHERIDAN, by Frank A. Burr and Richard J. Hinton. Price, $2.50, Plain Edge ; Gilt Edge, $3.00. Lives of BENJAMIN HARRISON and LEVI P. MORTON, by Gilbert L. Harney and Edwin C. Pierce. Price, $2.25. Lives of THE PRESIDENTS, by Rev. H. VV. Rugg, D. D. Price, $1.50, Plain Edge; $1.75, Gilt Edge. GEMS OF ART, by Mrs. Chas. Walter Stetso::. Price, $3.00, Light Stained, Edge. Life of Gen. AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE, by Ben : Perley Poore. Price, $2.25; Gilt Edge, $2.50. AGENTS CAN ALWAYS SECURE PROFITABLE BUSINESS, CANVASSING FOR THESE BOOKS. Where we have no agent we will send copies of any of the above books by express prepaid on re- ceipt of price. J. A. & R, A. RBID, - Providence, R, 1. Walter M. Lowney, LOWNErS Chocolates! Best In The World «I.DQPer Pound, inElegan^--^, MErAL^^A> Br Mail "InOneAnd Two Pou N a 0KE5 ."Larger PACKAGESB/ExpREbS Retail Branch, -'West ST..BasTori, Bon Bons! l!KS Factory and Wholesale Salestoom, Nos. 97, 99, 101 and 103 Pearl Street, YOUR 0RDEK5 FOR FRINTINQ 50LK1TEC). Fes. 19, 1833. J.A.&R.A.REID, . . publisf^ers, . • Book^and IJob |- rinters aqd Klectrotypers, It, . M ■■■ C:I^S.TeM; .:. «t0i^S;E: . STREET', ^^PROVibENCE, K. Imm^ One of the best equipped Printinq Offices in New England, with an immense variety of modern faces in jobbinq type, large fonts of body type for book work, and the greatest number of large presses in rhode island. NO ORDERS TOO LARGE NONE TOO SMALL. Thos. Hersom & Co., Soap Manufacturers -AND DEALER!^ IN- SPERM, WHALE, NEATSFOOT, PALM and CASTOR OILS. I wouia«-all particular attention to my best Soaps, namely: "BEST" "NORTHERN BEI^LR" and "CENTl NIAIj IjAIINOKY." These Soaps are euual to the best iu the market. They are made of Tallow, aud are free 1 any adulteration. The "BEST" nnA "NORTHERN BELLE" are highly perfumed, aud therefore good for th« Toilet or Bath. Also, Manufacturers of NTEN- roir 4t ITALIAN SAPONE," the beet granulated Soap In the market. Please give them a trial. Vi'e have couBtantly on hand GROUND BONE, OR BONE MEAL, which is absolutely pure. A conceded fact that Bone Meal has no equal as a fertilizer for Farms, Gardens and Lawns, if Sroj^ierly applied. We can give the beat of references from the most practical farmers and gardeners in our vicinity, if esired, as to its results. -ifish: isL^A^nsriD. Ne-w Bedford, Mass. PHENIX t IRON t FOUNDRY, Sole Manufacturers of the IMPROVED NACLE POWER PUMP. Also, Mauufacturers of Bleaching. Dyeing and Printing Machinery, for finishing Cotton Goods, and of general Mill Work. Cotton, Paper, and Husk Rolls a specialty. Fer Gean, Puller" ""d Pumpa, ■end for Cnialogue. C. R EARLE, Prest. and Treas. A. W. C. ARNOLD, Agent. M. W. GARDINER, Jr., Sec IHRS * Pop PIBPS. Their Brilliant. Pure Musical Tones, Perfect Action and Phenomenal Durability, make them Favorites wherever used. Ni) Place of equal merit, so Reasonable in Price. Our EASY PAYMENT PLAN places them within the reach of all. Write for VALUABLE Information. Bishop Scott Academy, f^^i roRTLAND, Ore. yov. 16, 1887. Mewi-a. Ivers & Pond Piano Co. Dear Sirs : The llano that Ifpurchased of you two years ago for ray school la In perlect order to-day. ItshownnoBlg'nB whatever of the rouch hand ling it has received at the hands of our pupils, who have need it continuously for prac- ticing and evening amusement. It haw been in almost constant use during that time. It keeps ni tuuf remarkably well, and is altogether the most satisfac- tory instrument we have ever UBed in our school work. 1 should certainly give your Pi- anos the preference over any with which I am acqualnted.for Rchool purposes, being reason- able in price, extremely dura- ble, thoroughly reliable, and aatlBfactory Instruments. Very truly yours, J. W. HILL, Prin. Dana Hall, Preparatory School for Wellesley College. Weij,esi.ey, Mass. Nov. 30, 1887. Messrs. Ivers & Pond : In an experience of more than six years we have found your PI anos, for continuoiiw school firactice, more durable and sat- t^faotory than those of any other tlrm. JULIA A. EASTMAN. Pi-inclpal. Traders National Bank, 91 3TATB St., Bokton, Feb. 18. 1888. The Ivera & Pond Piano Co., who have for many yeara done a large and constantly Increas- ing business with us. amount- ing t-o hundreds of thousands yearly, have given such erl- deuces of able business man- agement that I am warranted in expresning the oplni-.n that they are decidedly m progress- ive and at the same time conser^-ative and flnaneially strong and solid house ; further than this, from my personal acquaintance with them I am sure they are a highly honor- able hause, with the disposition ai well as the financial ability to carry out to the full all agreements they mav make. FHED'K 8. DAVIS. Prtsident. If You Want a Piano Write us. Wherever you live we will send one, GUARANTEEING it to suit you, otherwise to be returned to us, we paying railway freights both ways. We are one of the Largest MANUFACTURERS of FirslMJlass Pianos in the world. Grand Square and Upright, all sizes, styles and prices. Don't think it inexpedient to buy from us because you live one or three thousand miles from Boston. If you want a Piano, direct from the people who make it, at the very lowest price. Easy Payments if desired, write us and we will explain all. But few Piano Dealers sell our Pianos, because poorly made and low-cost Pianos pay larger profits. We refer to the Traders Na- tional Bank, Boston, as to our ability and disposi- tion to make good our word. Remember, we make it just as easy to deal with us as if you lived within ten miles of Boston. Write for information. CATALOGUES FREE New England '.'Conservatory.'.' BOSTO.V. Dec. 24. 1887. Ivers & Pond Piano Co. Oentlemen: There are now In use in the New England Conservatory of Music more than one hundred Pianfoi-tes manufactured by your Oompanv. Many of them nave stood the severe Conservatory practice ( about eight hours per .'ay) for more than Ave years. Not one has failed or been returned to the factory for exchange, but alt have given and are giving, good s.itisfaction, thus proving tne ex- cellent quality of the Instruments and the sterling Integrity of the manufacturers. _ E. TOURJEE. Peekskill Military Academy. PBKKSKILL, N. Y. Nov. 9. 1887. Messrs. Ivers & Pond Co. Dear Sirs: We have had two of your Pianos tn use for some time, and like them very much indeed. They have good wearing qnalitiea. and we expect to put one in our new school { Worrall Hall, a school for young boys ) in the course of a few weeks. Yours. Col. C. J. w RIGHT, E. 8., A. M. Farmington State Normal School. Fabjungton, Me. Nov. 7, 1887. Ivers & Pond Piano Co. Oentlem'^n: In reply to your favo- of the 4th, I am happy to say that your Piano gives perfect satisfac- tion. I am so well pleased with It that if I needed another. I should get one as nearly like it as possible. Yours truly, G. C. PURRINQTON, Principal. -(•IVERS & POND PIANO CO.-^ 181 & 182 Tremoat St., Boston, Mass, { BRANCHES. 1516 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 283 Main., St., Springfield, Mass. For the Pacific Coast : KOHLER & CHACE, 13T and 139 Port St., San Francisco, Cal. Spaulding & Tewksbury, 613 ^Vtlantic .A.ve., 7 IBrooklyii !Bfi>-FROM-V-- Artesian and Driven Wells, By HAND and STEAM POWER. A permanent supply of water can be obtained entirely free from surface drainage and pollutions. Particular attention given to supplying Cities, Towns, and Villages Send for Circular. B. F. SMITH, 38 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass. THE KELLER PIANO CO., Manufacturers of "tmm •:• mM^^^Mm. •:■ wism^, Factory, Home Office : BRIDQKPORX, CONN. NEW YORK WAREROOMS: 176 14th STREET. The best of material is used in the construction, making them attractive in appearance, fine singing , tone, price reasonable and are fully warranted. *»H- -♦-•4 Bogrgage and Key EsTABLiaHSO 1846. CHECKS. JOHN ROBBINS, l( ^ BADGES* Manufacturer of Bagirage Checks and Badgesj Door/'^ Pew mid Chair Number Plates. MIIIUIRPDQ 8 •2P5 i*-^*- DWIGHT C. ROBBINS, Man'r. 144 Harrison Ave., Boston, Massi sit* -■=£ s 3£M GEO. H. RICHARDS, Jr. & CO., , -^^ONE FLIGHT.-V-- Importers, Wliolesalers and Retailers. ■*i^*i Diamonds, Watehes inilHHIinUIIMHIIIHHIIIUIMIIHIHUIIHIIIIIIIIUIIIHIHUHIHIIIIUNIIIIUItllHMHimittWHHHIIHIIIIUHinHIIIHIIIIIi JEWELRY, SILVER ® WARE. URGEST, FINEST AND BEST ASSORTED STOCK IN NEW ENGLAND. N. B. Goods for Fairs and Presentations. IjO"W"EST IPR^IOIEjS. I WBTEO B EBWITOWIIS. ZEPHYR FINISH, MADE FROM COMBED AUSTRALIAN WOOL, For Afghans, Carriage Robes, Slumber Covers And BLANKETS. Best Goods ever shoivn tn the United States. TRADE MARK. We have Shadings that cannot be found elsewhere. Samples sent to any address. SOLD ONLY BY- ISAAC D. ALLEN & CO., Si 31 Winter Street, Boston, Mass. , FairenBrotliiis Co., me mETjlLLli! SPBljIi} BEDS, No.4ArtizanStreet, NEW HAVEN Cobb. «.*S^