Class. 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 
 
^ 
 
[SILYAHIA. 
 
 MflNUFSCTURING AND MERCANTILE 
 
 -o- '3Ǥ>- 
 
 RESOURCES* 
 
 OF THE 
 
 INCIXDING 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCHES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PROMINENT TOWNS. 
 
 A. DESCR^IPTIVE 
 
 STKIAl I STATISTIGAl REVIEW. 
 
 PROGRESS. ENTERPRISE. DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 Ixxdubilrial Publishing Company, Pliiladelphiia. 
 It 
 
 1881. 
 

 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1881, by 
 
 INDUSTRIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
 
 G. W. Hubley, 
 
 Printer and Ptereotyiier, 
 
 Philadelphia and York, Pa. 
 
 \^ \ h UQ^; f\ I / 
 
PREFHCE. 
 
 IT lias been our piirpose in these pages to so identify the ifannfaotiirer* and ^ferohants of the sec- 
 tion treated with its progress and development, that the people having communication with them 
 but in remote parts, might know of the class of men who have contributed to make this favored 
 section of our State one of the prou<lest monuments of her greatness. We have endeavored not so 
 much to sing theirpraises, or utter fulsome encomiums of them as individuals, as to portray the char- 
 acter and extent of their operations. In doing this we have not been satisfied with hej'usay. or a 
 cursory glance over the field, but in every case some member of our staff has personally interviewed 
 the proprietor or superintendent of the concern of which we make mention. We therefore feel that in 
 this respect we have attained our aim, not only in gleaning the information, but in securing it from 
 sources of reliability. 
 
 Concerning the statistical portion of the work, it will be found absolutely correct, as it is compileil 
 from official returns and embraces all that pertains to our State or is of interest as showing its pro- 
 ductions, and is of the latest date. The historical portion, while an epitome, is of the best and most 
 accurate that has been written, and the arrangement of it dispenses with the necessity of perusing 
 many pages to learn what is here contained in a few. The prevalence of many concerns of moderate 
 size and in strong contradistinction to the manj' mammoth enterprises also noted, is not excei)tional, 
 but is a feature of all communities. While their range of operation is limited to the size of tlie com- 
 munity in which they exist, they are in their particular sphere just as necessary parts of our social 
 and commercial structure , and are as nauch entitled to consideration as such at our hands, as the 
 most extensive enterprise that we note. 
 
 Comparing the mercantile interests of the valley with those of other sections, we find the amount 
 of enterprise, character of buildings, quality of stocks carried, capital invested and personal business 
 credits, to be of a nature, the equal of any other section in the State. The manufacturing advanta- 
 ges possessed by this section are thoroughly well known, and their availability is only a question 
 with those desiring to engage them. They are fully illustrated by tlie grand accomplishments of 
 capital and genius, which stand to-day within its limits as monuments to their founders and 
 examples of what energy and true ambition may accomplish. 
 
 We owe our thanks to many gentlemen for assistance and courtesies extended, which we freely 
 acknowledge witliout an enumeration of the large number to whom they are due. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY. 
 
 Pnn,Ai>ELriii.\, August 20, 1881. 
 
l^'^K^^ ^^ 
 
 EASTOIT 
 
 FREEMANSBURG, 
 
 BETHLEHEM, 
 
 NAZARETH, 
 
 BATH, 
 ALLENTOWN, 
 
 CATASAUQUA, 
 
 HOKENDAUQUA, 
 
 CQPLAY, 
 
 STEMTON", 
 SLATINGTON, 
 
 RARRYVILLB, 
 
 WEISSPORT 
 
 LEHIGHTON, 
 
 PACKERTON, 
 
 MAUCH CHUNK, 
 
 HAZLETON. 
 
 .<geg, -^^ ^ ^\ ° /fe::^^?^:^' ' ^» iS>- 
 
 ■T 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW ITS 
 
 ELEMENTS OF WEALTH MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AND 
 
 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS, Etc., Etc. 
 
 Pennsylvania, one of the largest and most im- 
 portant States of the American Union, lies bound- 
 ed on the north and northeast by the State of 
 New York ; east, by New .Jersey ; south, by Del- 
 aware, Maryland, and West Virginia ; and west, 
 by Ohio. It is seperated from New Jersey by the 
 Delaware river and the upper part of Delaware 
 Bay, which also unites it with the Atlantic. The 
 greatest length of the State is .303 miles and its 
 maximum breadth 176 miles ; or, in other words 
 it has an average length of 280 square miles, with 
 a general breadth of 158 square miles, giving an 
 area of 46,010 square miles. 
 
 GENERAL BTESCRIPTIOK. 
 
 Thesurface ofthe State is level in the southeast, 
 hilly and mountainous in the interior and gen- 
 erally level or arable in the western. The Al- 
 leghany mountains occupy all the central part, 
 covering with their ramifications, more than 
 half its area. These ridgy tracts all tend north- 
 east and southwest, those east ofthe Alleghany 
 range being abruj>t and precipitous, while west 
 the surface declines toward the Ohio river and 
 Lake Erie in gradual slopes, 
 
 The mountains of the State are components 
 parts of the great Appalachian chain and form a 
 succession of ridges, running m parallels, gener- 
 ally in a direction southwest to northeast, and 
 l>resenting in some parts, summits elevated 3,000 
 feet. 
 
 The principal valleys of the mountain regions 
 are those of Chester, Wyoming, Lehigh, Lacka- 
 wanna, Juniata, Cumberland and Monongahela. 
 
 The chief rivers are the Susquehanna, travers- 
 ing the centre of the State ; the Delaware, with 
 its affluents, the Lehigh and Schuylkill ; the Ju- 
 niata, tributary to the Susquehanna; and, in 
 the western part, the Alleghany and Mononga- 
 hela, uniting at Pittsburg to form the Ohio. For 
 
 a distance of 45 miles in the northwest Lake Erie 
 borders on the State. 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 
 The climate is changeable, though upon the 
 whole, one of the most agreeable and temperate 
 in the Union. The season of frost and snow sel- 
 dom exceeds three months, the winter commenc- 
 ing about the first two weeks of December and 
 terminating from the 1st to the 15th of March. 
 The heat of summer is seldon oppressive, except 
 in low situations, while the temperature of win- 
 ter is rarely very severe. 
 
 SOIL AND PRODUCTS. 
 
 The soil in the eastern part ofthe State is 
 partly light and sandy, but in the interior plain.s 
 and valleys it is a deep rich loam ; there are few 
 absolutely sterile tracts, and in general, this is 
 one ofthe most productive parts ofthe Union, 
 yielding most of the finer fruits of ttimperate 
 climates in the greatest luxuriance. Almost every 
 kind of grain is raised, but wheat is the staple, 
 and Pennsylvania may be said to be emphat- 
 ically a wheat-growing country. 
 
 GEOLOGY AND MINEROLOGY. 
 
 The geological forniations of the State are lim- 
 ited to a few only ofthe great divisions ofthe 
 rocks. These are metamorphic (including the 
 gneissic as well as the altered lower palaeozoic 
 groups) the palaeozoic series, from the Potsdam 
 sandstone to the coal measures ; and the middle 
 secondary red sandstone. 
 
 In Pennsylvania the limestone, with the ex- 
 ceptions hereafter noticed, are confined to a well 
 depriveil belt running E. N. E. and W. S. W. across 
 the State, bounded on the northwest by the main 
 range of the Alleghanies and on the southeast by 
 the ridge known as the South Mountains. In 
 this belt the upper and the lower Silurian lime 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 rocks api)ear in innumerable outcrops. So gen- 
 eral is the distribution of limestone within the 
 region indicated, that it would be hard to name a 
 district, save in the anthracite coal basins, which 
 does not possess a convenient source of lime of 
 sufficient purity for agricultural use. South of 
 South Mountain there are three limestone regions— 
 that known as the limestone valley of York and 
 Lancaster counties; the marble formations of 
 southern Montgomery, central Chester and south- 
 em Lancaster ; and a narrow belt entering the 
 centre of Bucks county at the Delaware, and ex- 
 tending nearly across the Delaware. Throughout 
 thecoal fields of the western section of the State car- 
 boniferous limestone is found outcropping along 
 the borders of streams and in similar locations, 
 in quantity very variable, but gradually increas- 
 ing in proportioh to the other carboniferous rocks 
 until the Ohio line is reached. 
 
 ANTHRACITE COAL. 
 
 Pennsylvania is rich in mineral wealth, pos- 
 sessing vast quantities of coal, iron and salt. 
 Anthracite coal is found east of the Alleghanies, 
 in fields extending altogether over a vast area. 
 This quality of coal was first discovered and used 
 in Pennsylvania, in Wyoming county, in 1768. 
 It was only 23 years later, 1791, that coal was 
 discovered in the Lehigh region, but the miners 
 of that region were much earlier in opening com- 
 munication and getting coal to market. 1793 the 
 Lehigh Coal Mine Company was formed, and 
 took up 6,000 acres of land, which is now the 
 chief property of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation 
 Company, and is of immense value. In 1808 
 J^idge Jesse Fell, of Wilkesbarre, Luzerne county, 
 burned coal in a grate in his house, and this was 
 the beginning of the use of coal as fuel for warm- 
 ing houses 
 
 The first noticeable production of anthracite 
 coal was in 1820, when the figures reached only 
 • JfiS tons, or a ton for each day in the year, and 
 from this scanty beginning has grown the enormous 
 amount now annually produced. The following 
 table was prepared by a gentleman who has had 
 intimate connection with this trade for many 
 years, an*d is jierfectly reliable in his figures: 
 Y'r 1 Tons. Y'r Tons. | Y'r Tons. Yearl Tons. 
 
 1820 
 1821 
 1822 
 1823 
 1824 
 1825 
 1826 
 1827 
 1828 
 1829 
 1830 
 1831 
 1882 
 
 1833 487, 
 1834,376, 
 1835 500, 
 
 365 1836 
 073 1837 
 7201838 
 9511839 
 108 1840 
 ,893 1841 
 ,047 1842 
 434 1843 
 ,516 1844 
 ,083 1845 
 ,734 1846 
 ,820 1847 
 ,271 1848 
 749 1849 
 636 1850 
 758 1851 
 
 684,117 1 1852 
 
 869,441! 1853 
 
 738,(»97il854 
 
 818,40211855 
 
 864,3791856 
 
 959,773:1857 
 
 1,108,412 1858 
 
 l,263,598|l859 
 
 1,630,850 1860 
 
 2,013,013:1861 
 
 2,344 ,005 1 1862 
 
 2,882,309 1863 
 
 3,089,238 1864 
 
 3,242,966 1865 
 
 3,358,799 1866 
 
 4,448,916 1867 
 
 4,893,471 
 
 5,195,151 
 
 6,202,334 
 
 6,608,567 
 
 6,927,550 
 
 6,644,941 
 
 6,839,360 
 
 7,808,255 
 
 8,513,123, 
 
 7,954,2641 
 
 7,869,4971 
 
 9,566,006' 
 
 10,177,475 1 
 
 ■ 9,652,391 
 
 12,703,882 
 
 12,988,725' 
 
 1868 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880* 
 
 13,801,465 
 13,866,180 
 16,182,191 
 15,699,721 
 19,669,778 
 21,227,952 
 20,145,121 
 19,712,472 
 18,501,011 
 20,828,178 
 17,605,262 
 26,142,689 
 21,563,413 
 *Not including 
 the mouth of 
 December. 
 
 BITUMINOUS COAL. 
 
 Bituminous coal is found nearly everywhere 
 west of the mountains, and large quantities are 
 consumed at Pittsburg and Cincinnati in the 
 smelting of iron. The area of this coal field em- 
 braces nearly 18,000 square miles and extends 
 through 24 counties. 
 
 The following table of area of the coal fields, 
 anthracite and bituminous, of the United States, 
 and the annual production, will show the position 
 occupied by Pennsylvania in comparison with 
 the other coal-producing States. The census of 
 1880 not being yet completed, Saward's estimate 
 for 1879, which is thoroughly reliable, is given. 
 It will be seen that Pennsylvania produces all 
 the anthracite, and nearly half of the bituminous 
 coal. The table is as follows. 
 
 States asd Territories. 
 
 T, 1 • f Anthracite 
 
 Pennsylvania, j Bituminous 
 Ohio, Bituminous 
 Illinois, do. 
 
 Maryland, do. 
 W. Virginia, do. 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 I Iowa, 
 
 ' Indiana, 
 
 i Missouri, 
 
 9|Keumdvy, 
 lOiTennessee, 
 11 California, 
 12|Colorado, 
 13|Kausas, 
 14^0regon, 
 
 15 ^Alabama, 
 
 16 Washington, do 
 17j\Vyoming, do. 
 
 18 Virginia, 
 
 19 Michigan, 
 20,Nebraska, 
 21 1 Utah, 
 22;R. Island, 
 23' Arkansas, 
 24,Texas, 
 25|Georgia, 
 
 I Total. 
 
 Area square 
 miles. 
 
 Tons pro- 
 duced in 1869, 
 (U. S. census, 
 1870.) 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 472 
 12,302 
 10,000 
 
 550 
 16,000 
 18,000 
 
 6,450 
 26,887 
 12.871 
 
 5,100 
 
 22,256 
 5,330 
 
 1S5 
 6,700 
 3,000 
 
 500 
 12,000 
 20,000 
 
 15,664,275 
 
 7,798,518 
 
 2,527,285 
 
 2,621,163 
 
 1,819,824 
 
 608,878 
 
 263,487 
 
 437,870 
 
 621,930 
 
 150.582 
 
 133,418 
 
 4,500 
 32,938 
 
 11,000 
 17,844 
 50,000 
 61,803 
 28,150 
 1,425 
 5,800 
 14,000 
 
 32,803,690 
 
 Value, 1870. 
 
 $38,436,745 
 
 13,921,069 
 
 5,482,952 
 
 6,097,432 
 
 2,409,208 
 
 1,035,862 
 
 874,334 
 
 988,621 
 
 2,011,820 
 
 44«;,795 
 
 330,498 
 
 16,500 
 114,278 
 
 39,000 
 107,004 
 800,000 
 226,114 
 104,200 
 8,.550 
 14,950 
 59,000 
 
 73,524,992 
 
 Tons pro- 
 duced 1879, 
 (Saward's es- 
 timate.) 
 
 26,142,689 
 
 14,500,000 
 
 6,000,000 
 
 3,500.000 
 
 1,730,709 
 
 ■1,2,'yO, cm 
 
 1,600,000 
 
 1,000;000 
 
 .(XKI.DUO 
 
 L,0()o,(XW 
 
 4rH),009 
 
 6nn,(Kjo 
 
 400,000 
 400,000 
 200,000 
 2.50,000 
 170,000 
 175,000 
 90,000 
 
 a5,ooo 
 
 75,000 
 
 225,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 100,000 
 59,808,898 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 PETROLEUM. 
 
 This important item in Penn.sylvania products, 
 •was known, it is okiimed by the early Indians, 
 but the first practical distillation was made iu 
 1850, and the first wells were located at Titusville, 
 on Oil Creek, in 1859, and from them was obtained 
 a supply of oil amounting to 1,000 gallons per day 
 This success gave rise to an oil fever and wells 
 were sunk by thousands, chiefly in the valley of 
 Allegheny, from below Frankliji up into Warren 
 county, and the banks of French creek. The 
 production of petroleum in the State, during the 
 ten years, from 1870 to 1880. is as follows : 
 
 Year. I Barrels. i Year, j Barrels. 
 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 
 5,673,195 
 5,715,900 
 6,531,075 
 7,878,629 
 10,950,730 
 
 8,787,506 
 
 9,175,906 
 
 13,490,171 
 
 15,165,462 
 
 19,741,661 
 
 IRON. 
 
 Pennsylvania enjoys a wider reputation as an 
 iron producing community than any other State 
 in the Union. This is more the result of the 
 thorough development and skillful use of such 
 ores that exist, than of any advantages in the quan- 
 tity or quality of the ferruginous deposits. The 
 States of New York, New Jersey and Virginia, are 
 far more liberally endowed by nature in this 
 respect, each contains more iron ore than Penn- 
 sylvania. Nevertheless, this State produces more 
 manufactured iron than all the other States com- 
 bined. Her valleys are dotted with blast furna- 
 ces, and within her limits are the largest manu- 
 factories in the United States. The following ta- 
 ble will show the position Peruisylvania holds 
 towards other States in the production of pig iron, 
 from 1872 to 1879 : 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 States. 
 
 Fur- 
 naces 
 Jan. 
 
 l&SO. 
 
 Make of Pig Iron in Tons of 2,000 pounds. 
 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 1 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 1 1879 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 271 
 
 1,401,497 
 
 1,389,5731 1,213,13, 
 
 } 960,881 
 
 1,009,613 
 
 1,153,356 
 
 1,342,633 1,607,763 
 
 Ohio 
 
 105 
 
 399,743 
 
 406,029| 425,00 
 
 1 415,893 
 
 403,277 
 
 400,398 
 
 429,991; 447,751 
 
 New York 
 
 58 
 
 291,155 
 
 296,818 326,72 
 
 L 266,431 
 
 181,620 
 
 230,442 
 
 ;^7,698 1 239,056 
 
 Michigan 
 
 26 
 
 100,222 
 
 123,506 
 
 136,66 
 
 I 114,805 
 
 95,177 
 
 82,216 
 
 70,853 
 
 101,539 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 20 
 
 103,858 
 
 102,341 
 
 90,15( 
 
 ) 64,069 
 
 25,349 
 
 52,909 
 
 78,455 
 
 78,143 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 14 
 
 65,036 
 
 74,148 
 
 50,79 
 
 2 62,139 
 
 51,261 
 
 22,205 
 
 49,887 
 
 89,522 
 
 Missouri 
 
 18 
 
 101,158 
 
 85,552 
 
 75,81 
 
 J 59,717 
 
 68,223 
 
 73,565 
 
 47,499 
 
 84,637 
 
 Illinois 
 
 10 
 
 78,627 
 
 55,7% 
 
 37,94 
 
 5 49,762 
 
 54,168 
 
 61,358 
 
 78,455 
 
 78,143 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 •11 
 
 20,796 
 
 23,056 
 
 30,13^ 
 
 t 25,277 
 
 41,165 
 
 34,905 
 
 50,667 
 
 70,801 
 
 Alabama 
 
 14 
 
 12,512 
 
 22,283 
 
 32,86 
 
 5 25,108 
 
 24,732 
 
 41,241 
 
 41,482 
 
 49,841 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 22 
 
 67,396 
 
 69,889 
 
 61,22 
 
 7 48,339 
 
 &J,686 
 
 47,607 
 
 50,182 
 
 48,725 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 26 
 
 42,454 
 
 43,134 
 
 48,77 
 
 ) 28,331 
 
 24,585 
 
 25,940 
 
 28,347 
 
 41,475 
 
 Maryland 
 
 24 
 
 63,031 
 
 65,986 
 
 54,55 
 
 5 38,741 
 
 19,876 
 
 26,959 
 
 24.027 
 
 37,237 
 
 Georgia 
 
 11 
 
 2,945 
 
 7,501 
 
 9,78 
 
 5 16,508 
 
 10,518 
 
 13,223 
 
 16,363 
 
 20,373 
 
 Virginia 
 
 33 
 
 21,445 
 
 26,475 
 
 29,45 
 
 L 29,985 
 
 13,046 
 
 12,434 
 
 16,928 
 
 18,873 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 10 
 
 22,700 
 
 26,997 
 
 14,51 
 
 i 10,880 
 
 10,160 
 
 14,443 
 
 15,880 
 
 16,759 
 
 Indiana 
 
 4 
 
 39,221 
 
 32,486 
 
 13,73 
 
 I 22,081 
 
 14,547 
 
 15,460 
 
 
 11,303 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 6 
 
 17,070 
 
 21,136 
 
 27,99 
 
 1 21,255 
 
 5,040 
 
 2,904 
 
 1,426 
 
 5,404 
 
 Oregon 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2,50( 
 
 1 1,000 
 
 1,75» 
 
 
 
 2,500 
 
 Maine 
 
 1 
 
 
 780 
 
 1,66 
 
 1 2,046 
 
 3,002 
 
 1,960 
 
 1,190 
 
 1,240 
 
 Vermont 
 
 1 
 
 2,000 
 
 3,100 
 
 3,45( 
 
 1 2,400 
 
 550 
 
 210 
 
 585 
 
 625 
 
 Texas 
 
 1 
 
 619 
 
 280 
 
 1,01 
 
 
 426 
 
 525 
 
 
 400 
 
 N. Carolina 
 
 7 
 
 1,073 
 
 1,432 
 
 1,34( 
 
 i 800 
 
 400 
 
 32r, 
 
 
 
 Utah 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 20( 
 
 ) 150 
 
 65 
 
 
 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 Total 
 
 697 
 
 2,854,558' 2,868,278 
 
 2,689,41 
 
 i 2,266,581 
 
 2,093,236 
 
 2,314,58r- 
 
 2,577,361 1 3,070,875 
 
 Salt is obtained fron 
 
 1 springs, and slate, marble, 
 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 copper, zinc, etc., are 
 
 met with. 
 
 CULTURE. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Yield. 
 
 Value. 
 
 AGEI 
 
 1871 
 
 1,193,750 
 
 19,340,000 
 
 $28,042,009 
 
 Most branches of ag 
 
 ricultural industry are in a 
 
 1872 
 
 1,074,351 
 
 11,603,000 
 
 19.377,000 
 
 comparatively advan( 
 
 zed state. Horses and cat- 
 
 1873 
 
 1,095,000 
 
 15,548,000 
 
 23,322,000 
 
 tl«, especially the for 
 
 mer, are particularly good; 
 
 1874 
 
 1,124,000 
 
 16,636,000 
 
 20,1:30,000 
 
 and this is next to Ne-v 
 growing eastern state 
 
 V York, the principal wool 
 in the Union. The fertile 
 
 1875 
 1876 
 1877 
 
 1,101,000 
 1,419,000 
 1,400,009 
 
 15,200,000 
 18,740,000 
 18,200,000 
 
 19,608,000 
 23,425,000 
 24,750,000 
 
 valleys equal any in tl 
 
 le country for the raising of 
 
 1878 
 
 1,473,000 
 
 22,095,000 
 
 21,432,000 
 
 grain. The products 
 
 of the State for the past ten 
 
 1879 
 
 1,475,000 
 
 22,260,000 
 
 22,275,000 
 
 years, is as follows : 
 
 
 1880 
 
 1,485,000 
 
 21,750.000 
 
 21,750,000 
 
 
 Corn. 
 
 
 Oats. 
 
 Year. Acres. 
 
 
 Yield. Value. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Value. 
 
 1871 
 
 1,105,706 
 
 r- 
 
 39,254,000 $30,225,580 
 
 1871 
 
 1,017,581 
 
 31,545,000 
 
 $15,547,650 
 
 1872 
 
 1,127,282 
 
 
 43,964,000 26,378,400 
 
 1872 
 
 1,011,057 
 
 31,545,000 
 
 13,064,350 
 
 1873 
 
 1,052,608 
 
 
 36,929,000 22,157,400 
 
 1873 
 
 1,034,073 
 
 31,229,000 13,428,470 
 
 1874 
 
 1,078,946 
 
 
 35,281,000 27,223,960 
 
 1874 
 
 1,040,935 
 
 25,607,000 
 
 15,108,130 
 
 1875 
 
 1,100,000 
 
 
 44,800,000 25,520,000 
 
 1875 
 
 1,083,333 
 
 32,500,000 
 
 13,325,000 
 
 1876 
 
 1,207,142 
 
 
 42,250,000 
 
 23,237,500 
 
 1876 
 
 1,159,000 
 
 33,150,000 
 
 11,602,500 
 
 LS77 
 
 1,246,000 
 
 41,120,000 
 
 20,971,200 
 
 1877 
 
 1,172,778 
 
 42,400,000 
 
 13,568,000 
 
 1878 
 
 1,259,000 
 
 44,065,000 
 
 21,151,200 
 
 1878 
 
 1,166,000 
 
 37,778,000 
 
 13,200,168 
 
 1879 
 
 1,260,000 
 
 37,850,000 
 
 20,450,000 
 
 1879 
 
 1,154,000 
 
 39,750,000 
 
 12,200,000 
 
 1880 
 
 1,261, 
 
 500 
 
 
 43,750,( 
 
 m 
 
 24 
 
 ,400,000 
 
 1880 
 
 
 1,156,000 
 
 32,25 
 
 ),000 
 
 
 12,450,000 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHKJH VATJ^EY. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880 
 
 Acres. 
 
 1U4 
 112 
 110 
 109 
 127 
 13( 
 150 
 154 
 153 
 151 
 
 Potatoes. 
 
 Baslie.ls. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Year 
 
 Xuinher. 
 
 ,901 
 737 
 437 
 797 
 604 
 ,000 
 000 
 500 
 750 
 750 
 
 11,749,000 
 11,161,000 
 10,602,000 
 
 9,223,000 
 12,250,000 
 
 6,800,000 
 13,500,000 
 
 S,961,(HMI 
 
 !», 750,000 
 0,125,000 
 Buckwheat. 
 
 Hay. 
 
 Tobacco. 
 
 $(j,4(!l,950 
 7,031,430 
 6,891,300 
 7,286,170 
 5,145,000 
 5,780,000 
 5,805,000 
 6,272,000 
 6,575,000 
 6,275,000 
 
 Year. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Busliels. 
 
 Value. 
 
 l871 
 
 07,150 
 
 2,050,00(<> 
 
 .•*;l, 906,500 
 
 872 
 
 107,600 
 
 2,152,000 
 
 2,091,360 
 
 1873 
 
 103,692 
 
 2,022,000 
 
 1,698,480 
 
 1874 
 
 101,078 
 
 2,062,000 
 
 1,752,700 
 
 1875 
 
 110,000 
 
 2,320,000 
 
 l,6O0,.S00 
 
 1876 
 
 154,411 
 
 2,100,000 
 
 1,554,000 
 
 1877 
 
 175,000 
 
 2,800,000 
 
 1,904,000 
 
 1878 
 
 170,(MJO 
 
 2,720,000 
 
 1,496,000 
 
 1879 
 
 171,000 
 
 2,718,000 
 
 1,500,000 
 
 1880 
 
 172,250 
 
 2,812,000 
 
 1,775,000 
 
 Year. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Value. 
 
 1871 
 
 2,204,301 
 
 2,050,000 
 
 $42,558,000 
 
 1872 
 
 2,133,673 
 
 2,091,000! 
 
 47,758,440 
 
 1873 
 
 2,127,304 
 
 2,446,400i 
 
 43,545,920 
 
 1874 
 
 2,087,845 
 
 2,421,900 
 
 41,293,395 
 
 1875 
 
 2,181,818 
 
 2,400,000 
 
 41,0»8,000 
 
 1876 
 
 2,357,723 
 
 2,900,000 
 
 35,264,000 
 
 1877 
 
 2,516,667 
 
 3,020,000! 
 
 29,294,000 
 
 1878 
 
 2,650,000 
 
 4,107,000, 
 
 33,106,450 
 
 1879 
 
 2,575,000 
 
 3,275,000| 
 
 31,725,000 
 
 1880 
 
 • 2,550,000 
 
 2,450,000' 
 
 36,250,000 
 
 Year. 
 
 Acreage. 
 
 Yield. 
 
 Value. 
 
 .1871 
 
 2,826 
 
 3,392,000 
 
 $ 515,548 
 
 1872 
 
 11,346 
 
 14,750,000 
 
 2,153,500 
 
 1873 
 
 12,640 
 
 15,000,000 
 
 1,845,000 
 
 1874 
 
 9,130 
 
 10,500,000 
 
 1,575,000 
 
 1875 
 
 11,428 
 
 16,000,000 
 
 1,600,000 
 
 187G 
 
 9,565 
 
 13,200,000 
 
 1,188,000 
 
 ■1877 
 
 15,450 
 
 20,000,000 
 
 1,900,000 
 
 1878 
 
 19,000 
 
 22,800,000 
 
 2,275,000 
 
 1879 
 
 22,375 
 
 31,000,000 
 
 4,575,000 
 
 1880 
 
 26,670 
 
 38,750,000 
 
 4,700,000 
 
 
 
 Horses 
 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Value per h'd. 
 
 Total Value. 
 
 1871 
 
 546,10a 
 
 
 $97.18 
 
 $53,069,998 
 
 1872 
 
 546,100 
 
 
 102.46 
 
 55,953,406 
 
 1873 
 
 557,000 
 
 
 99.43 
 
 55,382,510 
 
 1874 
 
 573,700 
 
 
 93.76 
 
 53,790,112 
 
 1875 
 
 .585,100 
 
 
 84.70 
 
 49,557,970 
 
 1876 
 
 590.000 
 
 
 75.66 
 
 44,707,494 
 
 1877 
 
 614,500 
 
 
 72.97 
 
 44,840,065 
 
 1878 
 
 614,500 
 
 
 66.79 
 
 40,735,205 
 
 1879 
 
 616,250 
 
 
 65.25 
 
 40,210,312 
 
 1880 
 
 616,750 
 
 
 62.83 
 
 38,749,425 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 This state being largely engaged in agriculture, 
 the value of its live stock reaches a large figure, 
 and herein appended will be found tables giving 
 the number, the value per head, and total value, 
 of horses, mules, cows, other cattle, sheep and 
 swine, from 1871 to 1880 : 
 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880 
 
 Mules. 
 Value per h'd. Total Value. 
 
 1871 
 
 24,900 
 
 $130.21 
 
 $3,242,320 
 
 1872 
 
 24,900 
 
 128.32 
 
 3,105,l(),s 
 
 1873 
 
 24,900 
 
 127.08 
 
 3,1(U,202 
 
 1874 
 
 25,000 
 
 117.89 
 
 2,017,984 
 
 1875 
 
 26,300 
 
 96.15 
 
 2,528,745 
 
 1876 
 
 26,000 
 
 90.57 
 
 2,354,820 
 
 1877 
 
 25,700 
 
 87.02 
 
 2,23(i,41-l 
 
 1878 
 
 24,900 
 
 79.82 
 
 1,987,51H 
 
 1879 
 
 24,8.50 
 
 79.75 
 
 1,081,787 
 
 1880 
 
 24,0.50 
 
 7(5.75 
 
 1,914,912 
 
 Year. Nunil>er. 
 
 Cows. 
 Value per li'd.. 
 
 Total Value. 
 
 788,900 
 796,700 
 812,600 
 828,, SOO 
 837,0t)0 
 845,300 
 836,800 
 828,400 
 839,500 
 851,750 
 
 $39.16 
 
 $30,803,324 
 
 35.50 
 
 28,282,850 
 
 33.25 
 
 27,018,950 
 
 35.42 
 
 29,356,006 
 
 34.69 
 
 29,027,160 
 
 34.50 
 
 29,162,850 
 
 33.52 
 
 28,049,536 
 
 20.26 
 
 16,783,384 
 
 22.00 
 
 18,469,000 
 
 24.12 
 
 18,625,000 
 
 Year. , Number. 
 
 Other Cattle. 
 
 Value per h'd.. Total Value. 
 
 1871 
 
 722,800 
 
 1872 
 
 715,500 
 
 1873 
 
 722,(500 
 
 1874 
 
 722,600 
 
 1875 
 
 708,100 
 
 1876 
 
 701,100 
 
 1877 
 
 69o,9(.)0 
 
 1878 
 
 087,000 
 
 1879 
 
 682,500 
 
 1880 
 
 674,000 
 
 $31.01 
 
 $22,414,028 
 
 30.13 
 26.49 
 28.31 
 li9.03 
 26.01 
 
 21,558,015 
 19,141,674 
 20,456,806 
 20,556,143 
 18,233,010 
 
 25.82 
 
 17,916,498 
 
 23.58 
 23.00 
 
 16,199,460 
 15,706,000 
 
 22.20 
 
 14,962,000 
 
 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Value per h'd. 
 
 Total Value. 
 
 1871 
 
 1,674,.300 
 
 $3.41 
 
 $5,709,363 
 
 1872 
 
 1,691,000 
 
 3.68 
 
 6,222,880 
 
 1873 
 
 1,674,000 
 
 3.20 
 
 5,356,800 
 
 1874 
 
 1,674,000 
 
 3.62 
 
 6,059,889 
 
 1875 
 
 1,640,.500 
 
 3.58 
 
 5,872,990 
 
 1876 
 
 1,607,()00 
 
 3.17 
 
 5,096,092 
 
 1877 
 
 1,601,000 
 
 3.09 
 
 4,967,484 
 
 1878 
 
 1,(166,000 
 
 2.99 
 
 4,981,340 
 
 1879 
 
 ■ 1,850,000 
 
 2.95 
 
 5,212,500 
 
 1880 
 
 1,875,000 
 
 3.00 
 
 5,625,000 
 
 
 
 Swine. 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Value per h'd. 
 
 Total Value. 
 
 1871 
 
 1,099,009 
 
 $6.67 
 
 $7,336,333 
 
 1872 
 
 1,088,900 
 
 8.12 
 
 8,841,868 
 
 1873 
 
 1,034,400 
 
 6.62 
 
 6,847,728 
 
 1874 
 
 930,000 
 
 9.80 
 
 9,122,280 
 
 1875 
 
 875,000 
 
 11.50 
 
 10,062,500 
 
 1876 
 
 901,200 
 
 9.48 
 
 8,543,376 
 
 1877 
 
 975,000 
 
 8.36 
 
 8,151,000 
 
 1878 
 
 927,800 
 
 5.79 
 
 5,371,962 
 
 1879 
 
 927,500 
 
 6.25 
 
 5,706,875 
 
 1880 
 
 926,000 
 
 6.15 
 
 5,694,000 
 
 GOVERNJtENT. 
 
 By the new constitution adopted December, 
 16, 1873, the legislative power is vested in a gen- 
 eral a.ssembly, consisting of a Senate and a House 
 of Representatives. The latter, apportioned ac- 
 cording to the number of taxable inliabitants, 
 are chosen every second year, and the number is 
 
RESOURCES OF THE I.EHIOH VATJ.EY. 
 
 linnte<l to 200. Tlio Stnto is divided into .30 
 Senatorial districts, as nearly equal in population 
 as may be, and ea<^li district is entitled to elect 
 one Senator. The General Assembly meets on 
 the first Tue.sday of January every second year, 
 and at other times when convened by the (gover- 
 nor. When the General Assembly is convened 
 in special session, there is no legislation upon 
 subjects other than those designated in the pro- 
 clanintion of the Governor, calling such session. 
 No la\v is 2>assed except by bill, and all bills for 
 raisiiig revenue originate in the House of Repre- 
 sentatives. 
 
 The Executive department consists of a (Gover- 
 nor, T,ieutenant-Governor, Secretary of the Com- 
 monwealth, Attorney General, Auditor General, 
 State Treasurer, Secretary of Internal Atl'airs, and 
 a Superintendent of Public Instruction. The 
 supreme executive power is vested in the Gover- 
 nor, who is cliosen on the day of general election 
 by thequalilied electors of the Commonwealth. 
 He liolds liis office during four years, from the 
 third Thursday of .January next ensuing his 
 election, and is not eligiljle to the office for the next 
 succeeding term. The Lieutenant-Governor is 
 chosen at the same time, in the same manner, 
 for the same term, and subject to the same pro- 
 visions as the Governor; he is President of the 
 Senate, but he has no vote unless they be equally 
 divided. The Governor is commander-in-chief 
 of the army and navy of the Commonwealth, 
 and of the militia, except when they are called 
 into the actual service of the United States. He 
 nominates, and, by and with the consent of two- 
 thirds of all the members of the Senate, appoints 
 the officers of the Commonwealth. In case of the 
 death, conviction or impeachment, resignation, 
 or other disability of the Governor, the powers, 
 duties, and emoluments of the otfice, for the re- 
 mainder of the term, devolve upon the Lieuten- 
 ant-Governor. 
 
 The Judicial power is vested in a supreme court, 
 in courts of common pleas, courts of oyer termi- 
 ner and general jail delivery, courts of quarter 
 session of the peace, orphans court, and magis- 
 trates courts; the supreme court consists of seven 
 judges, who are elected for a terni of 21 years, by 
 the qualified electors of the State at large. The 
 judge whose commission first expires is chief 
 justice. The judges of the county courts ai-e 
 chosen by the electors of the districts over which 
 tbey are to preside, for a term of ten years ; 
 justices of the peace, or alderman, are elected for 
 a term of five years. 
 
 The right of sufferage is allowed every male 
 citizen of the age of 21 years, having resided in 
 the State one year, and in the electorial district 
 where he offers his vote two months immeiliately 
 preceding tlie election, and having within two 
 years paid a State or county tax, which shall 
 have been assessed at least two months before 
 the election. The general election is lield annual- 
 
 ly, on Tuesday next following the first Monday 
 of November ; all elections for city, ward. V>orough, 
 and township offices are held on the third Tues- 
 day of February. The General Assembly, by 
 general law, designates the courts and judges by 
 wliom the several classes of election con te.'its shall 
 be tried. The State is represented in tlie National 
 Congress by two Senators and twenfy-spvpu mem- 
 bers of the lower House. 
 
 Por.ITICAL DIVISION, 
 
 The Commonwealth is divided into 67 counties, 
 their population at the censeus of 1880 being a-s 
 follows : 
 
 I Population. ' | Population. 
 
 COUNTIKS. CofNTIES. 
 
 ^ im). isTo. 
 
 Adiniis 3'_',4-"i4 ;!(),;{1.") l.aiu'uster 
 
 Alk'fflieny ii."), ?.');• •i02,2(M Lawreuce 
 Armstrouo- -I7,(i;« 43,382 Lebanon 
 
 ■.',9X>0" 36,148 Lehigh 
 
 :>»,932' 29,6.3.') 'Luzerne 
 122,599 106,701 Lycoming 
 
 o2,751 3S,0.>1 McKoan 
 
 58,534 .53,204 Mercer 
 
 68,6541 64,3:3il Mifflin 
 
 52,.536, 36,510 Monroe 
 
 46,824 
 5,1.59 
 
 31,922 
 
 37,920 
 
 83,478 
 
 40,326 
 
 43,407 
 
 26,278 
 
 Beaver 
 
 Bedford 
 
 Berk.s 
 
 Blair 
 
 Bradford 
 
 Bucks 
 
 Butler 
 
 Cambria 
 
 Cameron 
 
 (,'arbou 
 
 Centre 
 
 Chester 
 
 Clarion 
 
 Clearfield 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Crawford 
 
 Cumberl'd 
 
 Dauphiu 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Elk 
 
 Erie 
 
 Fayette 
 
 Forest 
 
 Franklin 
 
 F^ulton 
 
 Greene 
 
 Hunting'u 
 
 Indiana 
 
 .Jelfer.son 
 
 Juniata 
 
 Lackawa'a 
 
 36,.569 Moiitg'y 
 4,273 Montour 
 28,144 North 'ton 
 34,418 North'and 
 77,805 Perrv 
 26,5;!7 Philada, 
 25.741 Pike 
 •.'■!.2U Pottei' 
 32,4081 28,766 Schuvlkill 
 68,604 63,s:!2 Snvder 
 45,978 43,912 Somerset 
 76,127 60.740 8ullivun 
 56.1(_)2 39.11):'. Susqueh'a 
 12,800 8,48S Tioga 
 ; 74,681 65,97;'. Union 
 I 68.9:i8 43.284 Veuaugo 
 i 4,38.5 4.010 ■\Varren 
 I 49.853 45,365 Washing'n 
 1 10,149 9,360 A\'avne 
 ! 28,2ii0 25,887 West m'l'd 
 33, 9-56 31 ,2.51 Wvomiug 
 lii,."),5s 36,138 York 
 27,:':;5 21,656 
 
 17,.390' Total 
 
 i^yo. 
 
 1870. 
 
 139,443 
 
 121,340 
 
 m.in 
 
 27,298 
 
 38,476 
 
 34,096 
 
 65,969 
 
 56,796 
 
 *133,066 
 
 160,915 
 
 57,482 
 
 47,626 
 
 42,.566 
 
 8,825 
 
 56,1621 
 
 49,977 
 
 19,,577 
 
 17,.508 
 
 20,175 
 
 18,362 
 
 96,494! 
 
 81,612 
 
 15,466 
 
 15,344 
 
 70,316 
 
 61,432 
 
 .53,123 
 
 41,444 
 
 27,522 
 
 25,447 
 
 846,980 
 
 674,022 
 
 9,661 
 
 8,436 
 
 13,798 
 
 11,2^5 
 
 129,977 
 
 116,428 
 
 17,797 
 
 15.»)6 
 
 33,146 
 
 28,226 
 
 8,073 
 
 6,191 
 
 40,a51 
 
 37,523 
 
 45,814 
 
 35,097 
 
 16,905 
 
 15,.56.5 
 
 43,670. 
 
 47,925 
 
 27,981 
 
 23.897 
 
 55,417 
 
 48,48;^ 
 
 33,.512 
 
 :a,188 
 
 77,993 
 
 .58,719 
 
 15,.598 
 
 14,585 
 
 87,839 
 
 76,134 
 
 4,282,786 3,521,951 
 
 1S.227 
 
 S9,2(i8 
 
 White, 4,197.106: Colored, 85,689, including 170 Chinese 
 and 169 Indians; Males, 2,136,635; Females, 2,146,1.51. 
 '^■Lackawana Couuty taken from Luzerne. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 The piiblii' school system in Pennsylvania is 
 of a very high and extended order. The State is 
 divided into twelve normal districts, and each 
 district is authorized to erect a State Normal 
 School. The first institution established under 
 this law was the Normal School from the second 
 district, at Millcrsville, in Lancaster county, re- 
 cognized by State authority in 1859. The State 
 possesses no school-fund, and the revenues for 
 sclioolastic purpose are derived chiefiy from tax- 
 ation in the various districts. The number of 
 children attending the public sclioob aggregate 
 near one million. Tlie State has an agricultural 
 college at Bellefonte, Centre county, with l>ranches 
 in Chester and Indiana counties, endowdeii with 
 appropriation of lands by the general govern- 
 ment, and from whii'h great improvements have 
 been nutnifcsted by the close union of theoretical 
 and practical farming. Tlirougliout the State 
 
RER0UR('E8 OF THE LEHir;[I VALLEY. 
 
 there are miiaerons colleges and seminaries, prom- 
 inent among the number being the University 
 of Pennsylvania founded in 1755, and located at 
 Philadelphia ; Washington and Jeiferson College, 
 atWasliington; Lafayette College, (Presbyterian,) 
 at East<in; Lehigh University, at South Bethlehem; 
 Muhlenburgii College, (Lutheran,) at AUentown; 
 Dickinson College, (Methodist,) at Carlisle; the 
 Moravian College, at Bethlehem ; Allegheny 
 College, at Meadville ; the Western University, at 
 Pittsburg.; Pennsylvania College, at Gettysburg ; 
 Haverford College, (Quaker,) at West Haverford ; 
 Lewisburg University (Baptist,) at Lewisburg; 
 St. Vincnt's College, (Roman Catholic,) in West- 
 morland county ; Franklin and Marshall College, 
 at Lancaster, and Military Academy, at West- 
 Chester. 
 
 The Soldiers' Orphans' Schools, established 
 since the civil war, have been carried on success- 
 fully, and were creditable institutions to the State. 
 The charitable institutions of Pennsylvania tally 
 with her wonderful progress and prosperity, and 
 ber penitentiary system is conducted with admir- 
 able efficiency. Besides the State Asylums for 
 the insane, of which it has several, that at 
 Norristown being one of the best in the country, 
 the State annually makes liberal appropriations to 
 numerous philanthropic and charitable institu- 
 tions, such as asylums for the Blind, the Deaf 
 and Dumb, Insane, etc., located at Philadelphia, 
 and also the House of Refuge for juvenile offend- 
 ers, at Philadelphia and Pittsburg, and other in- 
 stitutions. . 
 
 RELIGION. 
 
 Pennsylvania is very conservative in its relig- 
 ious convictions, and within her borders will be 
 found almost all the religious sects existing in 
 the United States. According to the census of 
 1870,*- then were in this State, 5,337 churches, of 
 which the Methodist owned 1,573; Lutherans, 
 730 ; Presbyterians, 723 ; German Reformed, 474 ; 
 Baptist, 402; Roman Catholics, 271; Episcopa- 
 lians, 203 ; Friends, 147 ; Unionisis, 144 ; Meno- 
 nites, 95 ; Christians, 69 ; Congregationalists, 34 ; 
 Universalists, 27 ; Moravians, 23 ; the rest being 
 occupied by other less numerous denominations. 
 
 COMMERCE, RAILROADS, ETC. 
 
 The foreign commerce of the State is mostly 
 transacted through the city of Philadelphia, which 
 is the sixth port of entry in the amount of im- 
 ports and exports in the United States. The 
 shipping interests of the State is represented by a 
 fleet of 1,700 vessels, with a tonnage of about 
 400,000, this being the number and amount regis- 
 tered at the Custom Houses of the State. The 
 total value of imports from foreign countries at 
 
 *Chving to many delays with the census reports at 
 WasliiuKton, the census "of 1880 of the churches of the 
 State could not be obtained, and that of iSVOis givuu. 
 The reader c^an allow for a fair per cent, of increase on 
 the figures given. 
 
 Philadelphia, ( ISTD) was $27,224,549 ; and of ex- ' 
 port^s of domestic commodities to foreign coun- 
 tries, (1879,) $50,685,838. 
 
 The domestic commerce of the State is of vast 
 more importance than the foreign commerce, ow- 
 ing to the enormous productions of the Common- 
 wealth. The lines of communications comprise 
 very complete system of railways and canals. 
 The principal lines of the former are, the Penn- 
 sylvania Central, Erie, Reading, Lehigh Vallej', 
 Philadelphia and Erie, New Jersey Central, Dela- 
 ware, Lackawanna and Western, Allegheny Valley 
 Cumberland Valley, Northern Central, Oil Creek 
 and Allegheny, Philadelphia, Wilmington and 
 Baltimore, Pittsburg, Washington and Baltimore, 
 in all, including 100 trunk and branch lines in 
 operation, with 5,808 miles of road, representing 
 a total cost amounting to $413,149,817. 
 
 There are also numerous canals, in part con- 
 structed by private companies and in part by the 
 State government. The grand canal between 
 Philadelphia and Pittsburg, is 395 miles in length 
 and with its various lateral branches, an aggergate 
 of 590 miles. The Schylkill canal is 108 miles in 
 length ; Lehigh, Delaware and Hudson, of 108 
 miles, but 25 miles of which are in the State, 
 Lackawanna, Erie and Pittsburg, and thirteen 
 smaller ones. The canal system of the State 
 altogether aggregates 973 miles, constructed at a 
 cost of $38,660,397. 
 
 MANUFACTURING. 
 
 The manufacturing interests of the State are 
 both varied and extensive, being noted not 
 only for the working of iron and the manufac- 
 ture of steel and glass, but also for the textile 
 industries. Cotton stuffs and yarn are extensively 
 produced, as well as steam engines, machinery, 
 cutlery, nails, stoves, leather, chemicals, etc. 
 The total production of pig-iron throughout the 
 State in 1879, was 1,607,763 tons ; Anthracite coal, 
 26,142,689 tons ; Bituminous coal, 14,500,000 tons 
 The chief manufacturing centres are Philadelphia 
 and Pittsburg, the former containing 9,050 indus- 
 trial establishment, employing 197,964 hands, and 
 producing $322,984,461 in manufactured goods, 
 (census 1880.) The State contains over one- third 
 of the blast furnaces of the country, and produces 
 more than one-half of the total amount of pig- 
 iron. 
 
 WEALTH, TAXATION AND DEBT. 
 
 The value of the real estate of the State is $1.- 
 532,115, 825 ; of which, $17,028,754 is exempt from 
 taxation ; giving a total of $1,483,202,704. The 
 value of all household furniture, including gold 
 and silver plate, (exceeding $300,) in the State is 
 $7,182,981. The aggregate amount of money at 
 interest (including bonds, stock, etc.,) is $101,071, 
 793 ; the aggregate value of all property taxable 
 for State purposes, at the rate of three and four 
 mills on the dollar, is $100,493,964. The amount 
 of State tax assessed at the rate of three and four 
 mills on the dollar, is $485,835.06, the whole 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 11 
 
 amount of State tax assessed at this rate which 
 includes tax on jileasure carriages and watches, 
 is $577,622.52. The amount of county taxes 
 reaches $14,829,197, $10,281,029.65 of which is 
 tlie tax of Philadelphia county. The amount of 
 State debt, December 1, 1879, was funded, $21,389, 
 950; unfunded, $880,789.86. Of the funded debt, 
 $10,729,000 drew six per cent, interest, $9,299,;}50 
 five pur cent, and $2,000,000 (negotiated in 1879) 
 four per cent. The latter was disposed of at a 
 premium of 1.03i to 2.51 above par. December 1, 
 1879, the State held in stocks of incorporated com- 
 panies, $7,300,000; in sinking fund, .$1,202,373, 
 (exclusive of loans) ; State expenditures for year 
 was §4,884,111.25, (exclusive of sinking fund). 
 During the year 1880, $5,392,361 was raised from 
 fill sources by taxation. In Tennsylvania no tax is 
 levied on real estate for State purposes, the 
 amount of taxable personal property aggregating 
 $128,490,420. The tax rate of State tax is thirty 
 cents on the $100. Tlie tax on this yjropcrty, at 
 the very low valuation current, produced only 
 $.379,319 in 1879, out of total tax receipts of over 
 $5,000,000, the greater part of the State revenue 
 being derived from taxes on corporations, the 
 principal subjects being as follows : Tax on cor- 
 poration stock, $1,067,453; lic-enses, $799,250 ; 
 coal companies, $645,252 ; gross receipts, $569,914 ; 
 <,ommutation of tonage tax, $400,000 ; collateral 
 inheritance, $393,949; bank stock, $310,065; pre- 
 miums, $199,729 ; loans, $150,324 ; writs, wills and 
 deeds, $93,341 ; net earnings or income, $31,800. 
 Independent of the State debt, the counties have 
 •debts that amount to $76,096,943.63, of which 
 •$70,070,429.06 belongs to the city and county of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 Pennsylvania was one of the original thirteen 
 States, and at the period of the Declaration of 
 Independence contained about 300,000 population. 
 The tirst census taken by the United States 
 was in 1790, when the State had 434,373, and the 
 subse(}uent census were as follows : 1800, 602,365 ; 
 1810, 810,091; 1820, 1,047,507; 1830, 1,348,233; 
 1840,1,724,033; 1850,2,311,786; 1860, 2,906,215; 
 1870, 3,521,951 ; 1880, 4,282,766. The euumerati- .n 
 of 1880 is classified as follows, viz; males, 2,136, 
 635 ; females, 2,146,151 ; native, 3,695,253; foreign, 
 587,533; white, 4,197,106; colored, 85,680. 
 
 GEKER.VL HISTORY. 
 
 The country about Delaware Bay was first set- 
 tled by the Swedes, but they made comparatively 
 little progress in the occupation of the country, 
 and passed under the English jurisdiction gener- 
 ally established in 1664. hi 1681 the territory west 
 of the Delaware was granted by royal charter to 
 William Peun, who set sail from England to take 
 possession of the grant, September 5, 1682, and 
 reached this country after a voyage of nine months. 
 The work of organization under Penn's vigorous 
 and sagacious guidance rapidly proceeded, and 
 cohniists from most various regions of the Old 
 
 World now poured in. Universal toleration was 
 proclaimed, a charter of liberties was solemnly 
 consecrated, and a djmocia'ic government was 
 established. In his dealings with the Indians 
 and their chiefs, Penn manifesed liis accustomed 
 magnanimity and justice, and at onee won their 
 good-will. The new area was named in honer 
 of Penn and his wife, Sylvania, by Charles II. of 
 England, from whence came tlie name of Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 The territory rapidly populated through Penn 
 and his co-religionists, the Society of Friends, 
 who cultivated jteace with the Indians, and estab- 
 lishment of good laws. Long before the Revolution, 
 Pennsylvania became the seat of learning, wealth 
 and refinement of the colonies, and was also the 
 most thickly populated. Under the charter 
 granted to Penn, the region forming the present 
 State of Delaware was includeil, and the Colonies 
 continued to be so joined until the Revolution of 
 1776. 
 
 During the war of Revolution, Philadelphia, 
 which Penn, himself, had laid out and planned, 
 and was now the metropolis of the young country", 
 became the chief city of operations, and is known 
 as the "cradle of American liberty." It was here 
 the Continental Congress first met and pro- 
 mulgated that memorable document, the Decla- 
 ration of Independence, and in this city Congress 
 continued to h(^ld its sessions until the approach 
 of the British army caused them to seek another 
 location, the British holding possession of the 
 city from Sei)tember 26, 1777 to June 18, 1778. — 
 The convention that formed the existing Consti- 
 tution of the United States, met in this city. May, 
 1787, where, also from 1790 to 1800, Congress con- 
 tinued to hold its sittings. Pennsylvania was 
 the scene of many memorable events during the 
 war, notably Brandywine, Germantown and 
 Valley Forge, and other points, whieh now 
 belong to the national history. 
 
 The State became the Keystone in the original 
 thirteen that formed the United States, and for 
 several decades maintained her lead as the largest 
 State in the Confederation. Its history litis been 
 one of progress and educatiiMi, exercising a potent 
 influence upon the affairs of the nation of which 
 it has been so important a part. The bringing to 
 light the vast hidden wealth that was buried 
 beneath the surfiice and in her rork-bound hills, 
 has made Pennsylvania the greatest State in the 
 Union in natural productions. The anthracite 
 and bituminous coallamLs, the petroleum region, 
 the vast iron ore beds, as well as immense quanti- 
 ties of limestone, slate and other valuable gifts of 
 her earths surface, makes the State the centre of 
 the reliable wealth of the country. 
 
 Independence being first proclaimed here, the 
 whole colony took a decided part in the final es- 
 tablishment of American liberty. In the ci\'il 
 war they were not less distinguished, the Common- 
 wealth sending to the National army two hun- 
 
12 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 drcd and seventy regiments and several detacli- 
 ed companies of volunteers, numbering in all 
 387,284 men. Pennsylvania was also the scene of 
 one of the most important and most sanguinary 
 battles of the last war, that of Gettysburg, 
 where for a period of three days the strife con- 
 tinued with unabated fury .The sou rthern border 
 suffered severely during the war by raids of 
 the Confederates, who, upon one occasion destroy- 
 ed by tire the borough of Chambersburg. 
 
 The State has always encouraged, from the 
 Colonnial days to the present, the immigration 
 to its territory of citizens of foreign countries, and 
 her people, probably, represent more distinct 
 nations than will be found in any other State of 
 the Union. In many sections, the English lan- 
 guage is almost entirely in disuse, and by the 
 general substitution of German, Welsli. or other 
 tongues. 
 
 From the First Continental Congress to the 
 present time, Pennsylvania has furnished the 
 following officers of the United States Govern- 
 ment : Presidents prior to adoption of the Con- 
 stitution : Thomas Mifflin and Arthur St. Clair 
 President under th e Const ' tution , James Buchar. an 
 term of service from 1857-61. Vice President 
 George M. Dallas, 1845-49. Secretaries of State 
 James Buchanan. 1845-49 ; Jeremiah S. Black 
 1860-61. Secretaries of the Treasury, Albert 
 Gallatin, 1802-14 ; Alexander J. Dallas, 1814-17 
 Richard Rush, 1825-29; Samuel D. Ingham, 
 1829-31; William J. Duane, 1833-33; Walter 
 Forward, 1841-43 ; William M. Meredith, 1849- 
 50. Secretaries of War, Timothy Pickering, 1795- 
 95 ; James M. Porter, 1843-44 ; William Wilkins, 
 1844 ^ 5 , Simon Cameron, 1861-62; Edwin M. 
 Stanton, 1862-68 ; J. Donald Cameron, 1876-77. 
 Secretaries of the Navy, William Jones, 1813-14 ; 
 
 Adolph E. Borie, 1869-09. Secretary of the Inter- 
 ior, T. M. T. McKennan, 1850-50. Postmaster 
 Generals, Timothy Pickering, 1791-95 ; James 
 Campbell, 1853-57. Attorney Generals, William 
 Bradford, 1794-95; Richard Rush, 1814-17-, 
 Henry D. Gilpin, 1840-41 ; Jeremiah S. Black, 
 1857-60 ; Edwin M. Stanton, 1860-61. Associates 
 Justices of the Supreme Court, James Wilson, 
 1789-98; Henry Baldwin, 1830-46; Robert C. 
 Grier, 1846-70 ; ' William Strong, 1870-80. Presi- 
 dents p)-r). tern, of the Senate, William Bingham, 
 1797-97 ; James Ross, 1797-99 ; Andrew Greggs, 
 1809-09. Speakeis House of Representatives, F. 
 A. Muhlenburg, 1789-91, and 1793-95 ; Galusha 
 A. Grow, 1861-63; Samuel J.Randall, 1876-81. 
 Chief Justice of the Court of Claims, Joseph 
 Casey, 1863-70. 
 
 The State Governors have been as follows : 
 
 tiNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1760. 
 
 Thomas Mifflin 
 Thomas McKean 
 Simon Snyder - 
 W.lliam Findlay - 
 Joseph Heister 
 John Andrew Shulze - 
 George Wolf - 
 Joseph Ritner 
 
 Dec. 21, 17^0-Dec. 17, 1799 
 Dec. 17, 1799-Dec. 20, 1808, 
 Dec. 20, 1808-Dec. 16, 1817 
 Dec. 16, 1817-Dee. 19, 1820 
 Dec. 19, 1820-Dec. 16, 1823 
 Dec. 16, lS23-Dec. 15, 182» 
 Dec. 15, 1829- Dee. 15, 1835- 
 Dec. 15, 1835-Jan. 15, 1839' 
 
 UNDER THE CONSTI TUTION OF 1838. 
 
 David Rittenhouse Porter - Jan. 15, 1839 -Jan. 21, 184:> 
 Frances Rawn Shunk - Jan. 21, 1845-July 9, 1848. 
 William Froame Johnston, {vice 
 
 Shuuk, decesed.) 
 William Bigler 
 James Pollock 
 William Fisher Packer - 
 Andrew Gregg Curtin - 
 John White Geary - 
 John Frederick Hartranft 
 
 July 9, 1848-Jan. 21, 1852 
 
 - Jan. 20, 1852-Jan. 16, 1855. 
 Jan. 10, 1855-Jan. 19, 1868- 
 
 - Jan. 19, 1858-Jan. 15, 1861 
 Jan. 15, 1861-Jan. 15, 1867 
 
 - Jan. 15, 1867-Jan. 21, 1873 
 Jan. 21, 1873-- Jan. 18, 1876. 
 
 UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1873. 
 
 John Frederick Hartranft - - Jan. 18, 1876-Jan.l879' 
 Henry M. Hoyt .... Jan. 1879- Jan. 1883 
 
GAZETTEER OF COUNTIES MD TOWNS, 
 
 AN EPITOMISED HISTORY OF THE FORMATION, ADVANTAGES, PRODUCTIONS AND 
 
 POPULATION OF THE VARIOUS COUNTIES OF THE STATE, TOGETHER 
 
 WITH THE COUNTY SEATS AND PRINCIPAL TOWNS. 
 
 ADAMS COUNTY. 
 Organized from apart of York county, January 
 23, 1800. Marj'land forms its boundry on the 
 south, and a ridge called South mountain to the 
 northwest. The Conewago, Latimore, Bermu- 
 dian, Opossum, Rock, Marsh and Middle creeks, 
 and the head streams of the INIonocacy river take 
 their rise in this covinty. The minerals are lime- 
 stone, iron ore, copper and Potomac marble, 
 ■while the land is rich for farming purposes. 
 Population, 32,454 ; area 531 square miles, or 
 339,840 acres. 
 
 Gettysburg, the county seat, is 114 miles west 
 of Philadelphia, and 36 miles southwest of Har- 
 risburg. A flourishing town in the centre of a 
 rich agricultural district. It is noted in history 
 as the scene of a tliree days' terrible battle, July 
 1st, 2nd and 3d, 1863 ; and one of the most de- 
 cisive of the war ; location of National Cemet-ery. 
 The town was laid out 1780. Population, 3,800. 
 ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 
 From Washington and Westmoreland counties, 
 September 24, 1788. Located in the W. S. W. 
 part of the State. The Monongahola and Alle- 
 gheny rivers unit* to form the Ohio, which r\ins 
 14 miles in the county, the otlier streams being 
 the Yoghioglicny, Chartiers, Turtle and Pine 
 Creeks. Soil hilly, but a greater portion is arable 
 land. Bituminous coal is found in large quanti- 
 ties. Poi)ulation 355.859 ; area, 757 square miles, 
 or 480,470 acres. 
 
 PiTTSBi'Ro. the county seat, is the second city 
 in importance in the State, and is situated be- 
 tween the Monongaliela and Allegheny rivers. A 
 great manufacturing city, numbering about 
 l.-WO, principally of iron, glass, carriages, etc. 
 Eleven railroads combine to give to the city facil- 
 ities for conducting the extensive industries and 
 shipping the i>roducts all over tlie country. It is 
 compactly and handsomely built, containing 
 nutnerous churches and promiiifiit i)ublic build- 
 
 dings. The town was laid out in 1764 and in 1794 
 was incorporated as a borough. Population, 
 156,381. 
 
 Alleghkny City, opposite Pittsburg, with 
 which it is very intimately associated in business 
 relations, they virtually being one city except in 
 government. Extensive manufacturing indus- 
 tries. Three railroads, and the third city in im- 
 portance in the State. Population. 78,681. 
 
 McKeesport, located at the confluence of the 
 Allegheny and Yoghiogheny rivers, 15 miles 
 southeast of Pittsburg. Manufacturing, commer- 
 cial and mercantile. Population, 7,0Cm;>. 
 ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 
 
 From Allegheny, Westmoreland and Lycoming 
 counties, March 12, 1800. Located in the west- 
 ern part of the State The surface is hilly, and 
 in many places unfit for cultivation, but the 
 county is very rich in iron, stone, coal, lime- 
 stone and salt. The Allegheny and Kiskiminetas 
 rivers; and Redbank, Mahoning, Cowanshannock 
 and Crooked creeks, flow through it. Popula- 
 tion, 47,639 ; area, 612 stpiare miles, or 391,280 
 acres. 
 
 KiTTANNiNG, the couuty seat, is located on the 
 Allegheny river, about 45 miles above Pittsburg. 
 In its vicinity are found cannel and bituminous 
 coal, iron ore, limestone, pure white clay and 
 building stone. It is considerable of a manufac- 
 turing centre, and the location of the University 
 of Kittanning. Population, about 2,500, 
 BEAVER COUNTY. 
 
 From Allegheny and Washington counties. 
 March 12, 1800. Located in the western part of 
 the State, on the Ohio line. The surface is un- 
 dulating with a rich soil ; bituminous coal and 
 limestone are largely found, the manufacturing 
 industries are numerous and diversified. It is 
 watered by the Ohio and Beaver rivers. Popu- 
 lation, 39,603 ; area 452 square miles, or 289,280 
 acres. 
 
14 
 
 IlESOURCER OF THE LEHTGII VATJl^Y. 
 
 Bkavep, tlio county scat, is a flourisliing town 
 on tlic Ohio river, 28 miles north of Pittsburg 
 and 2;^0 west of Harrisburg. It liiis very superior 
 educational facilities, and is well and substanti- 
 ally built. Population, 1,500. 
 
 Beaver Falls, is located on the Beaver river, 
 and is quite an important manufacturing centre, 
 possessing ample shipj)ini facilities via. two 
 railroads that jtass through the town. Popula- 
 tion, 4,;J00. 
 
 Rochester, is situated between the Ohio and 
 ■ Beaver rivers, about 25 miles northwest of Pitts- 
 burg. Business interests are chieHy confined to 
 manufacturing and mercantile. Population, 
 3,800. 
 
 BEDFORD COUNTY. 
 
 From a part of Cumberland County, March 9, 
 1771. A soutliern county, bordering on Mary- 
 land. The surface is mountainous, being travers- 
 ed by many ridges of the Allegheny range. The 
 soil is mostly useful for cultivation, but Bedford 
 is rich in iron ore. and mines of stone coal are ex- 
 tensively worked. It is intersected by many 
 streams, among which is the Raystone, a branch 
 of the Juniata river. There are many man- 
 ufacturing industries located in the county.^ 
 Population, 34,932 ; area, 1,003 square miles, or 
 641,920 acres. 
 
 Bedford, the county seat, is located 104 miles 
 W. S. W. of Harrisburg, and a few miles east of 
 the chief elevations of the Allegheny mountains. 
 About li miles from the town are the celebrated 
 saline and sulphurous springs, whicli are much 
 resorted to. Tlia town is very old, it having been 
 laid out in 1766, and is full of historic interest.^ 
 Population, 2,500. 
 
 BERKS COUNTY. 
 
 From Philadelphia, Chester and Lancaster 
 counties, March 11, 1752. Is drained by the 
 Schuylkill river, which flows through it in a S. 
 E. direction, and l)v Tulpehocken,ISIai(len, Mana- 
 tawny and Little Swatara creeks. The Kittatinny 
 or Blue mountains forms its N. W. boundary, and 
 its S. E. central part is cut by the South moun- 
 tain or Blue Ridge. The soil is highly produc- 
 tive and under good cultivation. Iron mines are 
 numerous. Population, 122,599 ; area 900 square 
 miles, or 576,000 acres. 
 
 Reading, the county seat, 54 miles E. of Har- 
 risburg, 58 miles N. W. of Philadelphia. It is 
 finely located, and regularly and compactly built, 
 the streets being remarkably clean and neat. It 
 contains many very elegant churches and other 
 edifices, besides a handsome court house. Has 
 numerous and extensive manufactories, chiefly 
 of iron, flour, machinery, etc., Good railroad 
 communications. Population, 43,280. 
 BLAIR COUNTY. 
 
 From Huntingdon and Bedford counties, Feb- 
 ruary 26, 1846. Located in the S. S. W. central 
 part of the State. Is drained by the Juniata River, 
 and by Clover creek. Surface mountainous, the 
 
 Allegheny chain bounding it on the west nnil 
 Tassy's mountains on the east. S;)il partly fertile, 
 iron and coal are extensively found and worked. 
 Population, 52,571 ; area, 510 square miles, or 
 326,400 acres. 
 
 Hollidaysburg, the county seat, is about 120 
 miles west of Harrisburg, on the Juniata river, 
 near the east base of the Allegheny mountains. — 
 Large iron works are locat3 1 h ^-e, and is a very 
 prosperous borough. Laid out iu 1812. Popuhi- 
 tion, 4,500. 
 
 Altoona, 244 miles west of Philadelphia, and 
 117 northeast of Pittsburg. The Pennsylvania 
 Railroad has here extensive machine shops, oc- 
 cupying 122 acres, and a large number of opera- 
 tives are employed in manufacturing locomotives, 
 railway-cars, etc. The city is situated on the 
 east side of the Allegheny mountains, where the 
 road begins to ascend. It was laid out in 1849, 
 and incorporated as a city in 1868. Population, 
 19,716. 
 
 Tyrone, 131 miles from Pittsburg, and 226 frona 
 Philadelphia. On the Pennsylvania railroad, 
 and the junction of three other roads. Laid out 
 in 1845, and now a thriving borough. Popula- 
 tion, 3,000. 
 
 BRADFORD COUNTY. 
 
 From Luzerne and Lycoming counties, Febru- 
 ary 21, 1810. Located in the N. N. E. part of the 
 State, on the New York line. Is watered by the 
 North l)ranch of the Susquehanna river, the Tio- 
 ga river, and by the Towanda, Sugar and Wya- 
 lusing creeks. Surface generally hilly; soil fertile 
 the productions being lumber, coal and limestone, 
 with some portions devoted to agriculture. Pre- 
 vious to March 24, 1812, this county was called 
 Ontario, but the name was changed to Bradford 
 on that day. Population, 58,535; area 1,162 
 square miles, or 743,680 acres. 
 
 Towanda, the county seat, is 120 miles north- 
 east of Harrisburg, and has excellent railroad facil- 
 ities. The l)usiness interests is manufacturing, 
 mercantile, agricultural and c al mining, and has 
 superior water power. Laid out in 1812, and is 
 now a thriving borough. Population, 5,000. 
 BUCKS COUNTY. 
 
 One of the original counties, established by 
 William Penn, in 1682. Located in the E. S. E. 
 section of the State, on the Delaware river, it 
 forming the N. E. and S. E. boundary line. Sur- 
 face, liilly and diversified ; soil, highly fertile, 
 containing valuable deposits of limestones, sand- 
 stone, plumbago, etc. The inhabitants are chiefly 
 farmers, who supply Philadelphia with grain, 
 liay and dairy piroducts. . Population, 68,656 ; 
 area, 595 square miles, or 380,800 acres. 
 
 Doylestown, the county seat, is about 100 miles 
 east of Harrisburg and 30 miles north of Phila- 
 delphia. On a branch of the Reading R. R. and 
 a centre of many stage routes. Has many hand- 
 some private residence, and a new court house 
 that equals in appearance any in the State. Has- 
 
rj:s(>rp>rES of tiik i.i'iiicir vat.t.ey. 
 
 15 
 
 ample water worlds, nml li^litc<l wiili ,i;:>. Mer- 
 cantile, witli some iiuinutUeUiriiij:. l'ui>uUili<in, 
 2,070. 
 
 IJRISTOL, (111 the Pelaware river. 1!' miles alinvt- 
 Pliihuleliiliia. with whicli it lias frequent daily 
 eommunieatioii.s by railroad and steamer, and 
 11.') K. by 8. of lIarrisbur^^ It is substantially 
 built, and has eonsiderable inanufaeturiny inter- 
 ests. On the Pennsylvanki Railroad and the 
 terminus of the Delaware Division, Pennsylvania 
 Canal. Population, 5,273. 
 
 BUTLER COUNTY. 
 "From Alleglieny county, March 12, 1800. A 
 western county, bounded N. E. and S. E. by tlie 
 Allegheny river, and also watered by Slipping 
 Rock and Coiiequonessing creeks. Surface, un- 
 dulating; soil, in many parts sandy. It has very 
 valuable mines of iron and abounds in bitum- 
 inous coal. In point of production is one of the 
 most important in tlie State. Population, 52,530 ; 
 area, 814 square miles, or 520,900 acres. 
 
 BuTLEE, tlie county seat, is on theConcqueness- 
 ing creek, 30 miles north of I'ittsburg, and is one 
 of the most beautiful towns in the State, contain- 
 ing a handsome court house and many elegant 
 residences. Mercantile and agriculture. Popu- 
 lation, 2,500 
 
 CATklBRIA COUNTY. 
 From Huntingdon. Somerset and Bedford 
 counties, Marcli 25, 1804. A soirtheastern cen- 
 tral county, on the western slope of the Allegheny 
 mountains. CVinemaugh and the Western Brancli 
 of the Susquehanna rise in the county, which has 
 a very broken surface, and is extensively covered 
 with forests of pine and other lumber. Bitum- 
 inous coal and iron ore are abundant and largely 
 mined. Some parts are well adapted for grazing. 
 Poimlation, 46,824 ; area, GOO square miles, or 
 42(i,240 acres. 
 
 EiJKNSBURG, the county seat, is located near the 
 summit of the Allegheny mountains, about 74 
 jniles E. by N. of Pittsburg. It is surrounded 
 with mucli wild screnery, the country remaining 
 in its natural state. It is one of the most foreign 
 looking towns in the State, a greater iiart of its 
 inhabitants being the Welsh element. Popula- 
 tion, '1,300. 
 
 Johnstown, at the confluence of the Stony 
 cr6ck and Conemaugh river, 85 miles east of 
 Pittsbixrg. It is the location of the Cambria Iron 
 and Steel works, the largest in the United States, 
 employing over 5,000 liands and having a produc- 
 tion of $10,000,(100 per annum. The town is also 
 the location of other iudustrie.-;. Papulation, 
 about 8,000. 
 
 CoNEM.VL'GH, on tlic Pennsylvania Railroad, 
 about 170 miles west of Ilarrisburg, and is an im- 
 portant railroad station, the trains going east and 
 west being ins|iccted here, and also the loi-atit)n 
 of extensive slops. Population, about 3,000. 
 ( AMEIIOX COUNTY. 
 From Clinton, lOlk, MrKeim and I'ottireounties, 
 
 .March, 29, 1800. A north wc.^tein central county, 
 Hliumiiums coal found, and the grater part well 
 wooded, considerable tanning, leather and lumber 
 iiiteiests. Drained by the Sliinnernalioning river, 
 whicli empties into tlie West Branch of the Sus- 
 quehanna. Population, 5,159; area, 381 square 
 ndles, or 243,840 acres. 
 
 E.Mi'oiuiM, the county seat, located at the 
 coi;fluence of the Portage and West creeks. — 
 Population, about 800. 
 
 CARBON COUNTY. 
 From a part of Northampton and Monroe 
 counties, Marcli 13, 1843. It is an eastern county 
 and derives its name from its mines of Anthracite. 
 It is a mountainous district, possessing immense 
 coal mines. It is bounded on the soutlieast by 
 the Blue or Kittatinny mountains, and travers- 
 ed from northeast to southwest by the Lehigh 
 river. Population, 31,922; area, 402 square miles, 
 or 257,280. 
 
 Maucji Chunk, the county seat, on the 
 Lehigh river, about 100 miles northeast of Har- 
 risburg. It is situated in a rugged mountainous 
 region, abounding in coal and iron. The Switch- 
 back railroad and Glen Onoko, together with its 
 natural scenery, make it an attractive resort for 
 summer tourists. Population, 7,000. 
 CENTRE COUNTY. 
 From Mifflin, Northumberland, Lycominji and 
 Huntingdon counties, February 13, 1800. A 
 central county. The soil is generally rich and 
 abounding in minerals, the valleys comprising 
 some of the finest agricultural lands in the State. 
 Its west side lias plenty of iron ore, coal and lum- 
 ber. "When its resources shall have been fully 
 developed, its, as yet hidden stores of mineral 
 wealth, will render it one of the most flourish- 
 ing counties in the State. It is well drained, 
 and traversed by tlie Allegheny mountains. — 
 The Pennsylvania Agricultural College is located 
 within the county. Population 37,920; area, 
 1,227 square miles, or 785,280 acres. 
 
 Bellefonte, the county seat, on Spring creek, 
 80 miles nortliwest of Harrisburg, and in theccntre 
 of a rich mineral district. It is a flourishing town, 
 well built, and iiossessing considerable business 
 interests, both manufacturing and mercantile. — 
 Population, about 4,000 
 
 CHESTER COUNTY. 
 One of the three original counties formed by 
 William Penn in 1082. Bounded on the south 
 and southeast by Maryland and Delaware, north- 
 east by the Schuylkill river, west by Octorora 
 creek, ami drained by French and Elk ereeks. — 
 The surface is much diversilied, tlie soil gmerally 
 good, and agriculture is carried on to great perlcc- 
 tion. Among the minerals are chromate of iron, 
 porcelian clay, gneiss, sandstone, ret! shale, coiiper 
 and abundance of lead and iron. The county 
 possesses considerable manufacturing industry 
 and is one of the richest sections in the State, its 
 people being thril'ly ami much above average in 
 
16 
 
 RES0UR('1':8 OF THE LEHIGH VAT>T.EY. 
 
 general intcligence. Poptilatinn, 80, 480 ; area, 
 703 square miles, or 4S,s,H20 arres. 
 
 West Chestek, the county seat, is situated 22 
 miles west of Philadelpliia, and is a centre of a large 
 menantile trade, and possesses very superior 
 educational fiicilities. The town is handsomely 
 huilt. and occupies a beautiful situation. One of 
 tlie State Normal Schools is located here as well 
 as a number of private seminaries and institutions. 
 Population, 7,046. 
 
 PHCEXtxviLLE, ou the Scliuylkill river, about 
 27 miles northwest ofPhihidelphia. Itisaplaceof 
 much business importance, and contains besides 
 several large miscellaneous industries, the Phoe- 
 nix Iron Works, one of the most extensive in the 
 United States. Iron ore is abundant in the vicin- 
 ity, as well as profitable lead and copper mines. 
 Population, 6,681. 
 
 CoATSViLLE, on the west branch of the Brandy- 
 wine creek, 36 miles west of Philadelphia. The 
 location of considerable manufacturing industry, 
 and the centre of a beautiful district. The Penn- 
 sylvania railroad cross the creek here on a mag- 
 nificent bridge, 73 feet above the water. Popula- 
 tion, 2,766. 
 
 Oxford, a post borough, about 69 miles south- 
 east of Harrisburg. Mercantile trade and local 
 manufacturing prominent. Rich agricultural dis- 
 trict. Population, 2,152. 
 
 DowNiNGTOWN, on the bast branch of Brandy- 
 wine creek, about 29 miles west of Philadelphia. 
 Principally mercantile trade. Population, 1,480. 
 CLARION COUNTY. 
 
 From Venango and Armstrong counties, 
 March 17, 1839. A northwestern county. 
 Bounded on the southwest by the Allegheny 
 river and on the south by Red Bank creek. The 
 surface is hilly, when broken being very fertile. 
 Iron, bituminous coal and limestone are 
 found, while the northern part is well wooded 
 with pine. Population, 40,326 ; area 572 square 
 miles, or 366,080 acres. 
 
 Clarion, the county seat, on Clarion river, 
 about 75 miles N. N. E. of Pittsburg. It is sub- 
 stantially built, there being many handsome 
 buildings, both public and private. Population, 
 1,200. 
 
 CLEARFIELD COUNTY. 
 
 From Huntingdon, Lycoming and Northum- 
 berland counties, March 2fj, 1804. A western 
 central county, mostly situated on the western 
 declivity of the Allegheny mountains. The soil 
 in some parts is fertile and the uplands afford 
 good pasture. The forests furnish large quanti- 
 ties of pine, oak and maple, which are conveyed 
 down the river by means of rafts. Some hard 
 coal and iron is found. Drained by the West 
 Branch of the Susquehanna river and Clearfield 
 and Mushannon creeks. Population, 43,407; area, 
 1,130 square miles, or 723,200 acres. 
 
 Clearfield, thecounty seat, on the West Branch 
 of the Susquehanna river, 120 miles W. N. W. of 
 
 Harrisburg, Has large lumber trade. Hand- 
 sfuuely laid out, with wide streets and beautiful 
 residences. Population, 1,500. 
 
 CLINTON COUNTY. 
 
 Prom Lycoming and Centre counties, June 21, 
 1839. A northern central county. It is intersect- 
 ed by the West Branch of the Susquehanna river, 
 and also drained by the Bald Eagle and Kettle 
 creeks. The surface is mountainous, which at 
 one tinie was densly covered with timber. The 
 soil of the limestone valleys is productive, but the 
 county is not an agricultural one, there being an 
 abundance of iron ore and bituminous coal, the 
 mining of which being the principal industry. 
 Population, 26,278; area, 857 square miles, or 
 548,480 acres. 
 
 Lock Haven, the county seat, on the West 
 Branch of the Susquehanna river, about 107 miles 
 N. N. W. of Harrisburg. Is well built and a 
 centre of large business interests. Population, 
 5,845. 
 
 COLUMBIA COUNTY. 
 
 From Northumberland county, March 22, 1813. 
 An eastern central county. The Northern Branch 
 of the Susquehanna river, and the Catawissa and 
 Fishing creeks, traverses it. The surface is 
 broken by the Knob and Catawissa mountains 
 and the Muncy Hills of the Allegheny range. 
 In various parts of the county there are a num- 
 ber of manufacturing industries, while the lime- 
 stone basins of the valleys renders the soil very 
 productive. Population, 32,408; area, 479 square 
 miles, or 306,560 acres. 
 
 Bloomsburgh, the county seat, on Fishing 
 creek, 78 miles N. N. E. of Harrisburg. It is a 
 fine and pleasant town and possesses an extensive 
 trade. The State Normal School building for the 
 sixth district is located here. Population, about 
 4,000. 
 
 CRAWFORD COUNTY. 
 
 From Allegheny county, March 12, 1800. A 
 northwestern county, bordering on the State of 
 Ohio. Oil creek is in the east and empties into 
 the Allegheny about six miles above the uKjuth 
 of th» Venango. The surface is undulating, and 
 the soil better adapted to grazing than to tillage. 
 Among the minerals, iron ore and lime marl are 
 very abundant, while the principal products can 
 be summed up with petroleum, lumber, butter, 
 Indian corn, potatoes, etc. Population, 68,607 ; 
 area, 1,005 square miles, or 643,200 acres. 
 
 Meadville, the county seat, on French creek, 
 about 236 miles W. N. W. of Harrisburg. It is 
 regularly laid out, well built, and contains many 
 fine residences. An important railroad centre. 
 Was of slow growth until the discovery of petro- 
 leum. Population, 8,860. 
 
 TiTUSviLLE, 28 miles ea.st of the county seat, is 
 situated on both sides of Oil creek, and is largely 
 engaged in the petroleum trade. The town con- 
 tains several good hotels, and is the location of 
 considerable wealth. Population, 9,046. 
 
IlKPOTTvPES OF THE LKIIIOH VALLEY. 
 
 17 
 
 CTTMl'.KRLAND COUNTY. 
 
 From Lancaster county, .January 27, 1S50. A 
 8. S. E. county, and is bounded on the ciist by 
 tlie Susciuehanna, and also drained by tlie C(jne- 
 doginint and Yellow Breeches creeks. The soil 
 is exceedingly fertile, and agriculture is in a very 
 forward state, it being principally located between 
 the Ulue mountains on the north, and South 
 mountains on tlie south, forming a valley tliat 
 is widely known for its produi:tiveness. Popula- 
 tion, 45,978, area ; 554 square miles, or 354,500 
 acres. 
 
 Carlisle, the county seat, is pleasantly situa- 
 ted in the great limestone valley between the 
 Kittatinny and Blue mountains, 18 miles west by 
 south of Harrisburg, and 125 miles west of Phil- 
 adelphia. It was founded in 1783, and during 
 the cival war was slielled by the Confederates, on 
 the night of July 1, 1863. It is the seat of Dick- 
 inson College, and the United States Indian 
 school. Population, 6,209. 
 
 McHANiCBiiRG, 8 uiiies west of Harrisburg, 
 is a beautiful town, and contains many wealthy 
 inhabitants. Population, about 3,000. 
 DAUPHIN COUNTY^ 
 
 From Lancaster county, March 4, 1785. A 
 southeastern central county, and is bounded on 
 the west and southwest border by the Susque- 
 hanna, Swatara,Mahantango,Wiconisco, Powell's, 
 Clarke and Paxton creeks, also drain the land, 
 the surface of which is mountanious, but the val- 
 leys are extremely fertile. The principal miner- 
 al productions of the county are limestone, slate, 
 varied sliales, some particularly red, free-burning 
 bituminous coal and iron ore. Population, 76.- 
 118; area. 523 square miles, or 334,720 acres. 
 
 Harrisburg, is the capital of the State, as well 
 as the county seat of the county. Is 107 miles 
 west by north from Philadelphia, and 110 north 
 by east from Washington ; on the left bank of the 
 Sus(jueiianna, here a mile wide, with an island 
 in the middle, and crossed by two bridges. The city 
 is surrounded by magnificent scenery and fertile 
 land, and is well built and amply supplied with 
 water. The Capitol, finely situated on an emi- 
 nence, is a handsome brick building, with a cir- 
 cular Ionic portico in front, surmounted by a 
 dome. Here are located a number of large indus- 
 tries, among the nundjer being iron works, roll- 
 ing mills, cotton mills, car factories and breweries. 
 In 1753, John Harris, ,Ir., established there a ferry 
 over the Suscjuelianna, whence the name of 
 Harris' Ferry, under which Harrisburg was long- 
 known. It was afterwards called Louisl)urg in 
 honor of Louis XVI., and received its actual 
 inline in 1791, when it was incorporated as a 
 borough. The State government was transferee! 
 from Lancaster to Harrisburg in 1812. Popula- 
 tion, 30,762. 
 
 MiiiDLKTowN. a borough, miles northeast of 
 Harrisburg, I'opulation, 3,500. 
 
 DKbAWABECOUXTY. 
 
 PYoui Ciiester county, SeptemV)er 26,1789. A 
 2 
 
 southeastern county, bordering on the State of 
 Delaware. Tlie county is traversed by the Darby, 
 Cram, Ridley and Chaster Creeks, and Brandy- 
 wine river, the latter forming the .sduthwestern, 
 as the Delaware river does the southeastern 
 border of the ctmnty. The surface is diversified 
 and tlie soil generally good. Gneiss and mica 
 slate is found, the quarries of the former furnish- 
 ing considerable buiding material for Philadel- 
 phia; whetstones of an excellent (piality are pro- 
 cured on Darby creek, and ex{)orted to all parts 
 of the Union. iManufactu ring interests are very 
 large and the farming land very productive. — 
 Population, 56,102; area, 195 square miles, or 124,- 
 800 acres^ 
 
 Media, the county seat, is situated 15 miles W. 
 S. W. of Philadelphia. The borough is quiet and 
 possessing tlu^ air of retired and comfortable cir- 
 cumstances. Population, 2,000. 
 
 Chester, tlie metropolis of the county, is Id 
 miles southwest of Philadelphia, and is the old- 
 est place in the State, having been settled in 1643. 
 It is a thriving manufacturing city, the leading 
 industry being the famous ship yards of Mr. John 
 Roach, where the largest and finest iron ships 
 that float are built. It was once the county seat, 
 but was removed to more central location. — 
 Population, 14,996. 
 
 ELK COUNTY. 
 
 From Jeflerson, Clearfield and McKean, counties, 
 April 18, 1843. A north westen central county and 
 traversed by Clarion river, and Bennets and Drift- 
 wood branches of Sinnemahoning creeks. The 
 surface is uneven, and in the soiithern part 
 mountainous, the most elevated part of which is 
 Elk mountains, whence the name of the county. 
 Population, 12,800; area, 774 square miles, or 
 495,360 acres. 
 
 Ridgeway. the county seat, is 160 miles north- 
 west of Harrisburg, and is located at the junction 
 of the Clarion river, and Elk creek. Was laid 
 out in 1843, and is a place of much business ac- 
 tivity. Population, about 1,000. 
 ERIE COUNTY, 
 
 From Allegheny county, March 12, 1800. A 
 northwestern county, bordering on New York, 
 Ohio, and Lake Erie. French, Conneant. Wal- 
 nut and Elk creeks waters its soil, whi(,'h is very 
 fertile. The surface is rolling and in some parts 
 elevated. The trade of Erie county in iron ore, 
 anthracite and bituminous coal, lumber and pe- 
 troleum is immense, and the various kinds of 
 manufacturers show an extraordinary increase. 
 Population, 84,681; area 772 square miles, 494,- 
 080 acres. 
 
 Erie, the county seat, is a port of entry, on 
 Lake Erie, about 129 miles north of Pittsburg. — 
 Tiietownis well builton one of the largest and best 
 harbors of the lake, and was laid out in 1795. It 
 is a commercial and manufacturing city, having 
 all the elements of greatness and prosperity, well 
 liglitcd and well suppled witii water, cliurclu.-s, 
 
18 
 
 RESOUROES OF TlfK LEIITOII VAT,[-EY. 
 
 public scliools, etc., Has i-ailrond (■(niupcfions 
 with all points, a,s well as an extensive trade on 
 the lake. Poi)ulation, 27,730. 
 
 CoRRY, an important l)usiness centre, is located 
 but a few miles distant from Erie. Is well and 
 substantially built up, and has many handsome 
 editiee.s. roj)nlation, about S.OOt). 
 FAYETTE COUXTY. 
 
 Fi-om Westmorland county, Septeml)er 27, 
 1783. A southwestern county, bordering on West 
 Virginia. JMononualiela and Yttglugheny rivers, 
 and Keystone, Dunlajis, Indian and Jacobs creek.s 
 traverse its surface, which is divirsified, in some 
 parts mountainous. The soil is very fertile, and 
 rich in agricultural resources. Iron and bitumi- 
 nous coal arc abundant and unrivalled. Popula- 
 tion, 58,852; area, 830 square miles, or 531,200 
 acre.?. 
 
 • ITniontown, the county seat, is about 45 miles 
 southeast of Pittsburg. Is a prosperous inland 
 town and contains many handsome private resi- 
 dences and )mblic buildings. Popitlation, about 
 3,000. 
 
 FOREST COUNTY^ 
 
 From Jefferson county, April 11, 1848, and a 
 portion of Venango county, by act 'approved 
 October 31, 1866. A N. N. W. county, through 
 which runs Clarion or Toby's river and Teonista 
 oreek. The surface is broken, a large portion of 
 the laud being worthless. Population,' 4,385; 
 areas 431 square miles or 275,840 acres. 
 
 Tkinest.v, the county seat, is a small village, 
 and was made the county seat in 1866. Popula- 
 tion, 800. 
 
 FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 From Cumberland county, September 9, 1784. 
 A sotithern county, bordering on Maryland. — 
 The surface is broken and mountainous. South 
 mountains rising on the east and Tuscarora 
 mountains on the western border. The county 
 is watered by Conedogmint, Antietam, Tuscarora 
 and Conecocheague creeks, and the soil in the 
 valleys is extremely fertile. Iron ore plentifully 
 abounds, as well as limestone, marble aiul slate. 
 Population, 49,855; area 756 square miles, or 483, 
 840 acres. 
 
 Chambersburg, the county seat, is situated on 
 Conecocheague creeks, 45 miles southwest of 
 Harrisburg, and 150 miles west of Philadelphia. 
 Its situation is healthy, and the surrounding 
 county rich and highly cultivated. The town is 
 composed of two large streets, intersecting each 
 other at right angles, and having a public square 
 in thcccntrc. It was invaded by the Cf)nfcderates, 
 and burned by the army July 30, 1864, but since 
 that time has been handsomely rebuilt. Popula- 
 tion, about 7,500, 
 
 FULTON COUNTY. 
 
 From Bedford county, April li), 1850. A south- 
 ern county, bordering on Maryland, ("onoloway 
 and Licking creeks How through it, and the 
 mountains and hills are yet covered with ])rime- 
 
 val foj-est. Agriculture is the principal industry 
 of the i)oi)ulation. the valleys being very fertile. 
 Iron ore and bituminous coal aboiuid, but are 
 lu-actically undeveloped. Population, 10,149; 
 area, 442 square miles, or 282,880 acres, 
 
 McCoNNicLLSBURG, the couuty seat, is quite an 
 old settlement, having l)een laid out in 1786. It is 
 located in the heart of the great cove, surrounded 
 by many well cultivated farms. 
 
 GREENE COUNTY. 
 
 From Washington, county, February 9. 1786. 
 A southwestern county, bordering on West Vir- 
 ginia. The surface is broken and hilly, the soil fer- 
 tile, and drained qy Monongahela river, and Wheel- 
 ing, Dunkard's and Ten mile creelcs. Wheat rye, 
 corn and grass are produced in great abundance. 
 Bituminous coal is found everywhere; there is 
 considerable iron ore, and a number of "saltlicks," 
 fire-clay, etc.. Population, 28,290; area, 620 
 square miles, or 39(5,800, acres. 
 
 Waynesbukg, the county seat, is 46 miles south- 
 west of Pittsburg, and contains a fine brick court 
 house, with a dome-like steeple, surmounted with 
 a full length statue of General Anthony Wayne. 
 E.Kcellent public schools, and two colleges are in 
 the town, and the general appearance of the place 
 is of thrift and enterprise. Population, 1,200. 
 HUNTINGDON COUNTY. 
 
 From Bedford county, September 20, 1787. A 
 central county, in the mountainous region, its 
 surface being very much broken, and drained by 
 the Juniata river and numerous small streams. 
 The valleys are extremely fertile, rye, corn and 
 grass been produced in abundance; coal and iron - 
 mines are extensively worked in many localities, 
 and there are many industrial enterprises. Pop- 
 ulation, 33,956; area, 899 S(iuare miles, or 575,360 
 acres. 
 
 Huntingdon, the county seat, on the Juniata 
 river, about 96 miles W. N. W. of Harrisburg, and 
 is one of the most flourishing towns in the Jtmiata 
 valley. It is well built, and contains many hand- 
 some public and private buildings. The scenery 
 in its immediate neighborhood, is among the 
 grandest in the State, and is a popular place with 
 many desirious of spending the warm weather 
 aniidsl; the beauties of nature. Population, about 
 3,300. 
 
 INDIANA COUNTY. 
 
 From Westmorland and Lycoming cotmties, 
 March, 30, 1803. A southwestern central county, 
 thesurface of which is hilly, and the soil moder- 
 ately fertile. It is drained by Conemaugh river, 
 and Black Lick, Crooked, Little Mahoning and 
 Two Lick creeks. The county is well stocked with 
 timber, and is nearly all the growth of the pres- 
 ent century. The mineral resources are iron ore, 
 bituminous coal, limestone, salt, slate, blue sand- 
 stone, and sandstone varigated with blue and red. 
 There are numerous salt springs, and salt is manu- 
 factured in considerable quantity. Population, 
 40,558; area, 828 square miles or 529,920 acres. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEIimH VALLEY. 
 
 19 
 
 Indiana, the county seat, is situated abuut lirty 
 miles E. N. E. of Pittsburg, and is a nourishing 
 borough. The location is healthy and l)eauti- 
 ful, and contains handsome churches and sui)crior 
 
 schools. The State Normal Scl 1 Imilding 
 
 here located is the largest in I'cnusylvania. 
 rojmlation, about 8,010. 
 
 jeefi':k80N county. 
 
 From Lycoming, March 2(i, KS04. A western 
 <'cntral county, through which traverse the Ma- 
 honing and lied liank creeks. The surface is 
 liilly, many of them being high and i)rccii)itous. 
 The soil, in general, is very fertile, producing 
 jich crops of wheat, rye, oats, corn, ))otatoes, 
 ■Itnckwlieat and hay. Iron and bituminous coal 
 is found in hirge quantities, as wdl as limestone 
 of excellent quality in several localities. .Many 
 manufacturing industries are in the county. — 
 Population, 27,935; area, 6i6 square miles, or 
 4i:!.140 acres. 
 
 ISuooKviLLE, the county seat, on the Red iJank 
 «reck, 170 miles W. N. W. of Harrisburg. The 
 town is on the Waterford and Susquehanna turn- 
 pike, and was laid out in 1880. The court house 
 is a line specimen of architecture, as well as 
 many other buildings in the town. Population, 
 2,300. 
 
 JUNIATA COUNTY. 
 
 From Mifflin County, IMarch 2, 1831. A south- 
 ern central county, and is well watered by the 
 Juniata river, and Lost and Tuscarora creeks. 
 Tiie surface is much diversified, the soil in the 
 valleys being very fertile; belts of rock forma- 
 tions range across the county in the same direc- 
 tion as the mountains. In these belts or ridges, 
 are found limestone, red shale, sandstone and 
 green slate. A number of manufacturing indus- 
 tries are located in the county. Population, 18,227; 
 are.i, 4'J7 square miles, or 2 50,4SO acres. 
 
 MiFFMNTOWN, the couuty seat, is located about 
 eighty-eight miles N. N. E. of Harrisburg, on 
 the banks of the Juniata. The town was laid 
 out in 1791, and selected as the seat of justice for 
 the county in 1831, and is quite an active town. 
 ro])ulatiun, about 1,000. 
 
 LACKAWANNA COUNTY. 
 
 From Luzerne County, August 21, 1878. It is 
 the last formed of the counties, and derived its 
 name from the small river of that name that 
 flows through it. It is one of the most thriving 
 counties in the State, and contains many beauti- 
 ful hills and valleys. Immense anthracite coal 
 fields abound, and large tiuantitics of this article 
 are n)ined, and sliipped principally to New York. 
 A \cry considerable percent, of its population are 
 engaged in manufacturing industries, while the 
 trade in lumber and shingles is e.vtensive. Pop- 
 xdation, S9,2GS; areu, 424 square miles, or 271,- 
 2G0 acres. 
 
 ScRANTON, the i-ounty seat, is situated on the 
 left ))ank of the Laikawanna v'wvr. in the center 
 of the coal trad^' for the Lackawanna vallcv, and 
 
 carries on an imjMirtant business in mining and 
 shipping coal. The mercantile and industrial in- 
 terests of the town are very heavy, and its busi- 
 ness avenues are lined with large an<l handsome 
 edifices devoted to trade purp;)se.5. It is an ini- 
 l)ortant railroad centre, as well as the point from 
 which almost the entire business of northeast- 
 ern Pennsylvania radiates. Its public buildings 
 are large and imposing. Population, 4.3,.s.50. 
 
 Cahbondalk is locate 1 a'):)ut seventeen miles 
 northeast of Scranton, and near the source of 
 Lackawanjia river. Poi)ulation, 7,714. 
 ■•LANCASTER COUNTY. 
 
 From Chester County. May 10, 1729. A south- 
 eastern ouuty, adjoinln ,' M irylail, an I oiii of 
 the lealin^ a.;ric!iltural c )Jiitie> in thi j.State. 
 It is drained by the Susquehanna river, and Oc- 
 taroru and CVmcstoga cicjks. Its surface is diver- 
 sified, a ridgccallel S )Uth ^[ountain. orConewago 
 Hill extending along th> northwes.ern border. 
 Its mineral resources are extensive, and there is 
 no county in the State with such a variety of na- 
 tural wealth, nor any wlnra the resources have 
 been more thoroughly developed. In it is found 
 the largest nickel mine in the world, as well as 
 e.vtensive leail mines, valuable slate quarries, 
 large beds of magnesite, chrome, granite, red and 
 grey sandstone, limestone, iron, co|)per and im- 
 mense beds of pure red gravel. The agricultural 
 developments have reached a high state, and to- 
 bacco growing forms an impjrtant industry. 
 Population, 1-39,444 ; area, 973 square miles, or 
 622,720 acres. 
 
 Lancaster, the county seat, is situated about 
 sixty-two miles west of Philadelphia, and is an 
 important manufacturing centre. It is well built 
 and contains many fine edifices, the new court 
 house and high school buiUling being noticeable 
 features of the town. From 1799 to 1812 it was 
 the seat of the State Government, and for many 
 years was the largest inland town in the United 
 States. Its industries are i)rincipally rolling mills, 
 cotton mills, watch factories, machine shojis, en- 
 gine and boiler works, agricultural implements, 
 chip hat and bonnet works, organ factories, flour 
 mills and mercantile. Population, 25,709. 
 
 Columbia is situated on the Susquehanna river, 
 
 twelve miles from Lancaster, and is the centre of 
 
 considerable railroad business. Several impor- 
 
 tantindustries are located here. PopLilation. 8,312. 
 
 LAWRENCE COUNTY. 
 
 From Beaver and Mercer Counties. March 20, 
 1849. A western county adjoining Ohio. The Ma- 
 honing, Shenango and Beaver rivers, besides sev- 
 (;ral considerable creeks, drain the surface, which 
 is undulating. The soil, in a greater part of the 
 county, is fertile. Bituminous voix\ is largely 
 mineil, and vast mines of rich iron ore and inex- 
 haustible limestone beds are actively worked. A 
 nuMd)erof large and important industries are lo- 
 cated in the county. P()i)ulation, 33,311 ; area, 
 370 S(]uare miles, or 240,040 acres. 
 
20 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 New Castle, the county seat, is located at the 
 confluence of Neshannock and Shenango rivers 
 about forty-five miles N. N. "W. of Pittsburg. 
 Four railroads centre here, and the town has con- 
 siderable manufacturing interests. It possesses 
 a number of handsome cluirches and sul)stantial 
 public school buildings. Population, 8,416. 
 LEBANON COUNTY. 
 
 From Dauphin and Lancaster Counties, Febru- 
 ary IG, 1813. A southeastern central county, and 
 drained by Swatara river, and Little Swatara, 
 Quitapaliilla, Tulpeliocken and Indian creeks. 
 The surface is diversified, the Kittanning or 
 Blue Mountains, and South }*Iountain or Cone- 
 wago Hill, forming the northwest and southeast 
 boundries respectfully. Thestiilin the valley is 
 exceedingly fertile, and its extensive farms are in 
 the highest state of cultivation. The principal 
 mineral resource of Lebanon is iron of the rich- 
 est kind, and at a place called Cornwall there is 
 the most valuable mass of iron ore that has ever 
 been discovered on earth. There are three hills 
 of this ore, and have been worked for more than 
 a century. Copper and a fine variety of grey 
 marble are also found. Population. 38,476 ; area, 
 354 square miles, or 227,840 acres. 
 
 Lebanon, the county seat, is sitiuited about 
 twenty-five miles from Harrisburg, and twenty- 
 eight from Reading. It was laid out in 1750 and 
 called Steitztown, after its founder. In 1813 it 
 was changed to present name, and incorporated 
 as a borough in 1821. It is a place of consider- 
 able importance, and contains many fine edifices, 
 manufactories, etc. A handsome soldiers' mon- 
 ument is erected in town. Population, 8,778. 
 LEHIGH COUNTY. 
 
 From Northampton County, March 6, 1812. 
 An eastern cotmty; watered by the Lehigh river, 
 and Little Lehigh, Jordon, Coplay andSaucon 
 creeks. Its surface is finely diversified, and two- 
 thirds of its area is improved, its soil in the val- 
 leys being very fertile. Its mineral resources are 
 immense and varied. They consist of Potsdam 
 sandstone, crystal-lime magnetic iron, Siberian 
 and blue stone, vast iron ore, coal, zinc mines, 
 copper, maganese, hydraulic cement, slate for 
 schools and roofing, and excellent sandstone for 
 building purposes. The county is full of thriving 
 towns, a number of railroads runs through it, 
 lias large industrial interests, and many iron 
 furnaces. Its agricultural productions are very 
 extensive. Population, 65,969; area, 364 square 
 miles, or 232,960 acres. 
 
 Allentown, the county seat, is pleasantly sit- 
 uated on an eminence on the west bank of the 
 Lehigh river, fifty-one miles north by west of 
 Philadelphia. The streets are constructed at 
 right angles, and are wide and kept in good or- 
 der. It contains numerous iron works, and 
 many otlier industries, prominent among the 
 number being a large silk mill, and is the great- 
 est business centre in the Lehigh Valley, The 
 
 public school buildings are models of architect- 
 ure, and there is no city in tlie State, of the 
 same population, where there is so much atten- 
 tion paid to education. The Muhlenberg Col- 
 lege is located here. The first house in Allen- 
 town was built by William Allen in 1750, on a 
 grant of 20,000 acres received from William Penn.. 
 In 1812 it became the county town, and in 1838 
 its former name of Northampton was changed to 
 Allentown. Population, 18,068. 
 
 Catasauqua is located on the Lehigh river,, 
 three miles from Allentown, and fifty-four- 
 miles from Philadel])hia. Very exten.sive irons 
 works, both blast furnaces and rolling mills, 
 are the principal industries of the town. The 
 first blast furnace in the country that used an- 
 thracite coal was built here, and is still in opera- 
 tion. It has several churches and good schools. 
 Population, 3,800. 
 
 Slatington, eighteen miles west of Allentown, 
 is a thriving borough. It is the centre of im- 
 mence slate interests, there being twenty-five 
 quarries in operation in its immediate vicinity, 
 and is now the largest shipping point for slate in 
 the country. Population, 2,500. 
 
 LUZERNE COUNTY. 
 
 From Northumberland County, September 25,. 
 1786. A northea.stern county, drained by the West 
 Branch of the Susquehanna, Lehigh and Lacka- 
 wanna rivers, Nescopeck, Huntington Wapwal- 
 lowpin and other creeks. The surface is pleas- 
 antly diversified, several spurs of the Alleghe- 
 ny range traverse the county, and receiving 
 various local names as Wyoming, Moosic, Nan- 
 ticoke and Lackawanna Mountains. The soil in 
 the valleys is very fertile, particularly in the Wy- 
 oming valley, through which flows the beautiful 
 Susquenanna river. Anthracite coal in immense 
 quantities is found and mined. It has also very 
 extensive industrial establishments, giving em- 
 ployment to thousands of men. Population, 
 133,066; area 926 square miles, or 592,640 acres. 
 
 Wilkesbaere, the county seat, is located on, 
 the North Branch of the Susquehanna, 110 miles, 
 north east of Harrisl)urg, and about the centre 
 of the Wyoming Valley. In churches, public 
 schools, houses for friendless children, historical, 
 and other organizations, the city has attained: 
 prominent eminence. Its many extensive indus- 
 trial establishments largely give Wilkesbarre the 
 title of a manufacturing city. It is one of the 
 principal shipping points for anthracite coal, 
 immcnce beds of which surround the town. 
 The city has all the elements of moral and finan- 
 cial greatness. Population, 23,336. 
 
 Pittston, is situated about ten miles north-east 
 of Wilkesbarre. The town is largely engaged in 
 mining, and has ample railroad facilities, by 
 which vast quantities of anthracite coal is shipped.. 
 Population, about 10,000. 
 
 Hazleton, an active business borough, is situ- 
 ated in the extreme southern end of the countv 
 
in:s()ri!('KS OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 21 
 
 and al)out 15 milo^ W. N. W. i>C Maiirh Clmiik. 
 It iti tJit.' centre of t ho well knuvvn Hazleton an- 
 thracite coal basin, and within a radius of a few 
 miles there are many enllieries, j)rineij)ally owned 
 by tiie Lehi^li Valley Railroad Company, but 
 operated by private parties. The town has a 
 niuuher of line churches and good public schools. 
 Piipulation, 8.000. 
 
 LYCOMING COUNTY. 
 From Xortlmiul)erland County, April 13,1795. 
 A iiorthea.stern central county through which 
 Hows the West Dranch of the 8us(juehanna river 
 and Muncy, Loyalsock, Lycoming and Pino 
 -creeks. The surface is mountainous, the main 
 Tange of the Alleghenies traversing the county 
 under the name of tlic Xorth Mountain. The 
 industries of the county consist of lumber, wheat, 
 tanneries, factories in many branches of trade, 
 saw mills, iron works, etc. The mineral resources 
 are bitumin<msaii<l scmi-bitnminoub; cial. fcssil 
 iron, limestone, black marl)le, black oride of 
 jnaganese, copper ore, grofu carbonate of iron, 
 stone-ware, and several shades of mineral paints. 
 Several of tlie streams disappear in Tlie county 
 under lim&jtone rocks, and where they go to has 
 Jiot been discovered rojuilation. 57,486; area, 
 1,213 square nules, or 77'v)20 acres. 
 
 \ViLLi.\MSPORT, the county seat, is located on 
 the north bank of the "West BrancJi of the Sus- 
 quehanna river, ninety miles north of Harris- 
 burg. The 'town is handsojiiely built, and the 
 streets very .wide, nicely shaded and kept in ex- 
 cellent condition. Lund)er is the leading indus- 
 try, although there are many other industrial 
 works which give Williamsport the title of an 
 important manufacturing town. Several railroads 
 ^iveit ample and frequent communication with 
 •other parts of the Stao. Population, 18,934. 
 McKEAN COUNTY. 
 From LycDuiing County, March 26, 1804. A 
 ^. N. W. county, drained by the Allegheny river 
 and numerous creeks. The surface hilly, in the 
 greater part of the county farming tal)le lands, 
 which are well adapted for grazing and dairy 
 purposes. The coal fields are extensive, also in- 
 numerable springs of cold water, and dense for- 
 ests of hemlock and hard wood. Tlie lumber 
 trade is very large, and within its limits are 
 some of the largest tanneries in the world. The 
 •county gives promise of a great future, as some 
 of its latent enteri)rises are more thoroughly 
 woi-ked. Population, 42,536; area, 1,007 square 
 miles, or 644,480 acres. 
 
 S.MErHPORT, the county seat, is situated 196 
 miles northwest of Harrisburg, and was laid 
 •out in 1807, but no permanent settlement was 
 .made until 1S22. Poi)ulation, 1200. 
 MIOKCEK COUNTY. 
 From Allegheny County, Mardi 12, 1800. A 
 -northwest county, adjoining the State of Ohio. 
 It is well watered by tiie Shenango river and 
 J'^vench, Shannock, Sandy and Pymatuning 
 
 creeks. Tlie surface is undulating and hilly, and 
 the .soil in the valley is very fertile. Its indus- 
 tries are extensive farming and grazing, immense 
 coal jnining and iron manufactories It is un- 
 derlaid with limestone, and may be classed as a 
 great agricultural and prosperous iron mining 
 county. Population, 5(3,162; area, 666 square 
 miles, or 426,240 acres. 
 
 Mkrckk, the county seat, is about sixty miles 
 north by west of Pittsburg. It was laid" out in 
 180.^, and since thel)uilding of the two railroads 
 that intersect it, has made rapid strides to- 
 ward becoming the most populus town in the 
 county, A State school for soldiers' orphans was 
 located here. Population, about 2,500. 
 
 Sharox is a flourishing town in tlie western 
 part of the county, on the Ohio State line, sixteen 
 miles west of Mercer. It has numerous churches, 
 some manufactories several blast furnaces and 
 foundries, and is the business centre of a large 
 coal trade. Population, about 6,000. 
 MIFFLIN COUNTY. 
 From Cumberland and Northumberland (boun- 
 ties, September 19, 1789. A southern central coun- 
 ty, well drained by the Juniata riverand Kishico- 
 quillas. Jacks, and Sinking creeks. The surface 
 is mountainous, and the mineral resources are 
 immense limestone formations, pipe ore, white 
 sandstone, so salicious that it is made into glass- 
 ware. Salt-petre is procured from numerous 
 caves in linu'stone rocks. Population, 19,577; 
 area, 377 square miles, or 215,680 acres. 
 
 Lewistown, the county seat, on the Juniata 
 river about sixty miles northwest of Harrisburg. 
 The borough is located on elevated ground, and 
 is extensively engaged in manufacturing and 
 mercantile business. It is substantially l)uilt, and 
 presents an attractive appearance. Several rail- 
 roads either terminate or pass through the 
 town, the Pennsylvania being on tlie opposite 
 side of the river. Population, about 5,000. 
 MONROE COUNTY. 
 From Northampton and Pike Counties, April 
 1, 1836. An eastern county, adjoining New Jer- 
 sey, the Delaware river forming the boujidary 
 line. The surface is divers! tied, several long 
 ridges and spurs, with narrow valleys, predomi- 
 nating in some portions. In the southern por- 
 tion of the county, where the Delaware cuts 
 through the Blue Mountains, is the famous Del- 
 aware Water Gap, which is a much-visited sum- 
 mer resort. An immense swamp covers the 
 northern i)ortion of the county at the iiead wa- 
 ters of the Lehigh. Tlie many water courses 
 furnish ample power for numerous industries, 
 including (lour mills, tanneries, foundries, etc. 
 Population, 20,175; area, 595squarc niiles, or 380,- 
 800 acres. 
 
 Stroidsbhro, the county seat, is in the lower 
 Pocono valley, one hundred and eighty miles 
 nortiiea-st of Harrisburg. and is a quiet town, the 
 business being conlined to mercantile. The streets 
 
22 
 
 RESOrftrEP OF THE I.EIIIOir VALLEY. 
 
 are wiflo, and tlie town is very lieiiltliy. A few 
 miles to tlie south is located the Delaware Water 
 Gap. Population, 2,000. 
 
 MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 
 
 From Philadelphia County, September 10, 1784. 
 A southeastern county, through whicli flows the 
 Schuylkill river, and Perlciomen, Man tawny and 
 \Vi.s.sahickon creeks. The surface is pleasantly 
 diversilied, the a;j,ricultural resources amount to 
 about one-fifth of the valuation of the county, 
 tlie soil being very fertile, producing in one year, 
 besides the ordinary crops, 9S,70l tons of hay, 
 and 3,048,098 poundr; of butter, the greatest 
 amount of each raised in any county in the 
 State. The mineral resources of the county are 
 primitive rock, gneiss, tale slate, limestone, 
 marble, iron ore, red shale, sandstone, and cop- 
 per. The manufacturing industries of the 
 county are very extensive, making it one of the 
 richest in production and wealth, agricultural, 
 mineral, and manufacture, in the State. Popu- 
 lation, 96,494; area 484 S(|uare miles, or 309,700 
 acres. 
 
 NoRRisTOWN, the county seat, is located on the 
 banks of the Schuylkill river sixteen nules north- 
 west of Philadelphia. It is finely situated in a 
 rich farming district, is regularly laid out, and 
 neatly and handsomely built. The court house, 
 a Corinthian structure, is said to be one of the 
 finest of its class in the United States. There is 
 also a handsome and substantial county prison, 
 numerous churches, several academies, and ex- 
 cellent graded public schools. Extensive cotton 
 and woollen mills, glass works, rolling mills, iron 
 works, tack works and other manufacturing 
 industries are numerous. The business centered 
 here is very large, and the town has few eijuals 
 as a place of residence. Population, 13,064. 
 
 PoTTSTOWN, situated on the Schuylkill river, 
 about thirty-seven miles northwest of Philadel- 
 phia, and is in the extreme western end of the 
 county. It is a place of much business activity, 
 and contains several extensive manufactories. 
 Population, about G,000. 
 
 CoNSHOuojKEN is situatcd on the Schuylkill 
 river about thirteen miles northwest of Philadel- 
 phia, and is the location of extensive iron works, 
 and other important industries, among them 
 being print works, cotton and woolen mills, etc. 
 The Reading railroad and Schuylkill canal pass 
 through the town. Population about 4,000. 
 Across the Schuylkill, is located the Borougli of 
 West (Jonshohocken, with iron works, woolen 
 mills, etc. lNii)ulation, about 2,000. 
 MONTOUR COUNTY. 
 
 Fr<mi ColumbiaCounty, May 3. 1850. An eastern 
 central county, through which courses the West 
 Branch of the Susquehanna river, and Chillisa- 
 quaxjue and Roaring creeks. The surface is 
 mountainous, the only product of any conse- 
 quence being iron manufacture, which is pro- 
 duced mostly at tlie county seat. Large quanti- 
 
 ties of blue marble arc found in the comity, 
 which is val'iihlefor b iilding[) irp'jsj-, .•'.ml there 
 are a nurid)er of agricultural districts drainc-1 lir 
 the streams. I'ii])ulation, 15,466; area, 140 S(iu .re 
 miles, or 89,6)0 ancs. 
 
 D.\NVILLE. tlir county seat, is situated on tii;> 
 West Branch of the Susquehanna river, ab>-it 
 twelve miles ab>ive Sunbury. It has imnvj e- 
 in in foundries, a uuudoer of churches, ^(•b s 
 and many tine private r^isidences. A short ■*- 
 tance from the town is located the Sta'e li'.-^- 
 pital for the Insane, a portion of which was re- 
 cently destrovedby fire. The town hasexcllciiL 
 railroad facilities. Population, about 9,000. 
 NORTnA:MPT0N COUNTY 
 
 From Berks County, March 11, 1752. An east- 
 ern county, adjoining New Jersey, from which it 
 is separated by the Delaware river. Its surface is 
 much diversiiied, and mountainous in the north- 
 west and southeast. It is drained by the Dela- 
 ware and Lehigh rivers, and Martins, Monocacy,. 
 Saucon and Bushkill creeks. The soil is fertile, 
 and productive of heavy crops of grass and all. 
 kinds of cereals, wheat, buokwheat aid Indian 
 corn predominating. The great industries are 
 the production of iron, zinc and slate. The min- 
 erals are primary rocks, gneiss, magnetic iron,, 
 limestone and superior slate. There are numer- 
 ous iron furnaces in the county, and many thriv- 
 ing towns. Population, 70,310; area, 382 square 
 miles, or 244,280 ac'res. 
 
 E.vsTON, the county seat, is located at the con- 
 fluence of the Lehigh and Delaware rivers, about 
 56 miles north of Philadelphia, and 100 E.N. E. of 
 Harrisliurg. The town is regularly laid out with 
 wide streets, kept in excellent conditipii, and at 
 the intersection of the two jirincipal ones is loca- 
 ted a b3.iutiful ci!'c ilargrass plit. Tiu s ip;)h' ot"" 
 water is of the best and abundant. It contains- 
 many elegant residences, and has one of the- 
 most efficient lire depaitmcnts outside of Phil- 
 adelphia. It is an important railroad centre, audi 
 has considerable manufacturing interests. LTpoih 
 a commanding elevation is situated Lafayette 
 College, the buildings of which are the handsom- 
 est of the kind in the State. The mercantile 
 business covers a wide extent of co.intry. Popu- 
 tion, 11,924. 
 
 Bethlehem, on the Lehigh river, fifty-one- 
 miles from Philadelphia. It was founded in. 
 1741 by the Moravians, who have here a large- 
 church, seminary, and other public buildings.. 
 The town is delightfully situated, and has wide 
 street* and well shaded walks. Beautiful build- 
 ings are in every part of the twwn, and is one of 
 the finest boroughs in the State. Many interest- 
 ings associations are connocted with the historj" 
 of the place, and is a attractive point for visitors^ 
 Bishopthorpe, a poi>ular ladies' seminary, is here 
 located. It is a centre of railroads and consider- 
 able wealth. Population, 5,193. 
 
 South Easton, on the south side of the Lehigh 
 
ijiisontcES OF Tin-: lkiikjii vai.lkv. 
 
 23 
 
 river, and connotted witli Kaston by an iron 
 bridge. E.\teiisive wire works ami woolen mills. 
 a.H well as the repair shops of the Lehigh Valley 
 Railroad are here located. Very little n)ereaiitile 
 trade, Easton being the source of supply of the 
 town. Population, about 3;000. 
 
 South Bkthi-khkm, on the south side of the 
 Lehigh river, and the location of the extensive 
 Hethleheiu iron works, and also the zine works, 
 and several other important industries. The Le- 
 high University, founded by the Hon. Asa Pack- 
 er, occupies an eligii>le location, and St. Luke 
 IIos[>ital, a Hue institution for employees of the 
 L. V. H. Iv.. is situated on an eminence to tlie 
 west of tlie town. Population, about 3,000. 
 
 N.\z.\k[:th, an attractively situated borough, 
 about tifty-uino milei north of Philadelphia, and 
 the location of the Moravian Seminary. Well 
 laid out, with public sqviare, and many hand- 
 some residences. Population, about 1,500. 
 NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY. 
 
 From Lancaster, Cumberland, Berks, Bedford 
 and Northampton Counties, March 21, 1772. An 
 eastern central county, and drained by the North 
 and West Branch of the Sus»juehanna river, and 
 Sliamokin, Mahanoy, and Mahantongo creeks. 
 The surface is hilly and mountainous, and in the 
 valleys very fertile. The most im])ortaut miner- 
 al production is anthracite coal, of which large 
 qiuuitities are mined. There are a number of 
 lumber and saw mills, and otiier mechanical 
 and manufacturing industries in ditTerent sec- 
 tions of the territory. Considerable limestone is 
 also found. Poiiulation, 53,123; area, 4G2 scjuare 
 miles, or 295,680 acres. 
 
 SuNBURY, the county seat, on the Susquehanna 
 river fifty-six miles north of Harrisburg. Large 
 quantities of anthracite coal is shipped from 
 here, and within a year its business interests has 
 made rapid growth. An important railroad cen- 
 tre and a borough of nearly one hundred years. 
 Poi)ulation, about 0,000. 
 
 SiiAMOKiN, eighteen miles E. 8. E. of Sunbury, 
 a town of some importance. i>rincipally engaged 
 in coal mining. Three railroads gives it commu- 
 nication with the centre of trade and business, 
 and carrying to market coal from the extensive 
 fields that surround the town. Population, 
 8,184. 
 
 Milton is located about seventy Tuiles north of 
 Harrisburg, on the West Branch of the Susque- 
 hanna river. In 1880 a conflagration destroyed 
 the greater portion of the town, but it has been 
 rel)uilt since, and is now a very attractive town. 
 The business interests is principally nuinufactur- 
 ing and mercantile. Population, about 3.500. 
 PERRY COUNTY. 
 
 From Cund)erland Ct)uuty, March 22, 1820. 
 A southeastern central county, •drained l)y the 
 Susquehanna and Juniata rivei-s, and Sherman's 
 creek. Surface is mountainous, being bounded 
 northeast and stiulheast bv Tusi.arura and Blue 
 
 Mountains respectively. The mineral produc- 
 tions are fossil iron ore ami a sui>erior quality of 
 limestone. Tiie soil in the valleys is remarkably 
 fertile, producing fruits, vegetables, and cereals 
 in abuudance. Population, 27,522; area, 476 
 square miles, or 304,6-10 acres. 
 
 Nnw lii.ooMKiKLD, the county seat, is located in 
 Mahanoy valley, about 26 miles northwest of 
 Harrisljurg. Very little business outside of mer- 
 cantile is transacted. Population, about 700. 
 I'HILADELPHIA COUNTY. 
 
 One of the three original counties of the Prov- 
 ince, formed in 1682. The entirecounty now is in 
 the corporate liu\its nf the city. 
 
 PiiiLADKLPHiA, a port of entry, the second city 
 of the United States in papulation, but in the 
 number of dwelling houses and manufactures far 
 surpassing all other American cities. It is ninety 
 si.x miles from the mouth of Delaware Bay. one 
 hundred and thirty-six miles northeast of Wash- 
 ington, and eighty-seven miles southwest of 
 New Y^.-rk City ; latitude, 39° 57' north, longi- 
 tude, 75° 10' west. The area of the city, (embrac- 
 ing all of the county), is one hundred and thirty 
 square miles, and has a front on the Delaware of 
 over fifteen miles, and also on both sides of the 
 Schuylkill, which runs through the built up 
 portion of the city. Tlie city was originally built 
 in the form of a iiarallclogram with main streets 
 running from river to river and other streets in- 
 tersecting them at right angles. The city is well 
 provided with handsome i)arks, the largest being 
 Fairmount, which contains nearly 3.000 acres, is 
 the most extensive in the world, and in beauty 
 equalling any. 
 
 Philadelphia has many handsome buildings, 
 prominent among them being Girard College, 
 Masonic Temple, Penn Square Building, (the 
 handsomest in this country, costing already 
 ami not yet finished, near SIO.000,000, and 
 upon which will be the highest spire in the world . 
 New Post Office, Custom House, and Ridgway 
 Library. Independence Hall, the scene of the sit- 
 tings of the Continental Congress and the signin,,' 
 of the Declaration of Independence, is the mecca 
 forall liberty-loving people. No city in the Union 
 has liner church buildings, there being near 
 five hundred distinct church edifices. The envi- 
 rons of the city contain handsome ceme- 
 eteries, and in various parts are located many 
 buildings devoted to benevolent purposes, which 
 are liberally maintained. There are nuuierous 
 thcatci-s, and many libraries, while the educa- 
 tional facilities are unsurpassed, the public sdiool 
 system reaching a perfection not attained but 
 by few cities. The League Island navy yard is 
 one of tiie most important owiuhI by theCovern- 
 ment, while the old navy yard, (\un\ belonging 
 to the Pennsylvania R. R.), located directly in 
 thickly built-up portion of the city, during the 
 war furnished the Federal navy with some of 
 its finest vessels. 
 
24 
 
 REsou^('^:^^ or tiik i.r.iiKiii v.m.i.:;v. 
 
 Tlie inanufacturing intercuts is tlie iarurst nf 
 any city in the country, its industries luunbcr- 
 ing !>,Or)i), and employs IMT.'.l lit liands, to whom 
 are j)aid $<io.027,S.'?2 per annum in wages. The 
 amount of capital used is $I,S(i,(},S(i,93-t, i)roducing 
 nianut'actured goods to the value of $322,984,4()1 . 
 The leading imiustries are ct)tton, woolen and 
 mixed goods, sugar retininji carpets, clothing, 
 chemicals, hosiery and knit goods, meat packing, 
 boots, shoes, etc. The city is divided into thirty- 
 one wards, the government being vested iu the 
 mayor, (with the vctoeing i)0wer,) iiud two 
 branches of councils. The revenue of the city 
 from all sources is $31,425,000; and has a debt of 
 about .^71,01 Oi")0. Phila<lolphia was planned and 
 settled by \Villiam Penn, May 30, 1685, and Octo- 
 ber 2S, 1701, was incorporated as a city, on Sep- 
 tember 4, 1774 the Continental Congress met in 
 Carpenter's Hall, and on .Inly 4, 1776 declared 
 the colonies a free and independent nation from 
 the steps of Independence Hall. Its history 
 since that time has been one of progress and 
 growth. Population, 846,984. 
 
 PIKE COUNTY, 
 
 From Wayne County, March 26, 1814. A east 
 by north county, adjoining New York on the 
 northeast and New .Jersey on the southeast. The 
 streams that traverses the county are the Dela- 
 ware river, and Lackawanna, Shohola, and Bush- 
 kill creeks. The surface is hilly and broken, and 
 covered with tindser, which forms the chief in- 
 dustry of its inhabitants. Population, 9,664; 
 area, 631 square miles, or 403,480 acres. 
 
 MiLFORP, the county seat, is located about one 
 hundred and sixty miles E. N. E. of Harrisburg. 
 The court house is a handsome building, and 
 adds much to the apjiearance of the town. Pop- 
 ulation, about 800. 
 
 POTTER <'OUNTY. 
 
 From Lyi'oming, March 26, 1804. A northern 
 county, adjoining New York, and watered by the 
 Genesee and AUgeheny rivers, and numerous 
 small creeks. The surface is uneven and hilly, 
 and for many years lumber was the chief indus- 
 try. Some parts of the countj' is very fertile, the 
 cereals thriving abundantly, and well adapted 
 for grazing. Population, 13,798 ; area, 1,071, or 
 685,440 acres. 
 
 (^ouDERspoRT, the county seat, on the Alle- 
 gheny river, about one hundred and seventy- 
 four miles N. W. N. of Harrisburg, and is a 
 flourishing town. It has good public schools 
 and a nundxM- of industrial works, consisting of 
 tanneries, grist mills, saw mills, etc. Population, 
 about 1,000. 
 
 SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 
 
 From Berks and Northampton Counties, 
 March 1, 1811. An eastern county, drained by 
 the Schuylkill river and Swatara creeks. Its sur- 
 face is mountainous, being traversed by the 
 Broad, Sharp and Mahonoy Mountains. Almost 
 all the area of the county is occupied by anthra- 
 
 cite coal, varyiii;4 from three to ten feet in thick- 
 ness, which forms the ])rincii>al produ('t of tlie 
 couiit>-, iuinuMisc (|u:intities being annually 
 mincij and cxportcil. ICxtensive bed of iron ore 
 arc also found, and its iron foundries and places 
 for luaiuifartui'i! of iniu are among the largest 
 in the country. While Schuylkill is not an ag- 
 riculturid county, considerable attention is j).dd 
 to farming in some ])ortions. P(jpulation, 12;»,- 
 977; area, 840 stpiare miles, or 537,600 acres. 
 
 P(.Trsv.[i,LE, the county seat is locateil about 
 niniy-diTcemiles northwest of Philailcliihia.auil is 
 a place of rapid growth, which is chietly iluc to tin; 
 rich iron and coal mines in the vicinity. The 
 borough is situated on a very uneven site, but 
 the town is generally well built and contains 
 some very tine residences. It is a great coal trans- 
 portation centre, and has many large industries 
 engaged iu the manufacture of iron, machinery, 
 carpets, woolen goods, etc. The town was laid 
 out in 1816, and became the county seat in 1851. 
 Population, 13,253. 
 
 Shenandoah, a thriving mining town, anthra- 
 cite coal in great abundance being brought to the 
 surface in its immediate vicinity. Two railroads 
 give ample shipping facilities. A town of rapid 
 growth. Population, about 9,000. 
 
 Mahanoy City, one of the most active mining 
 towns in the coal regions, is located about thir- 
 teen miles northeast of Pottsville. Poi>ulation, 
 8,000. 
 
 AuBiiRN, is located al out eighty-three miles 
 northwest of Philadelphia and southeast of 
 Pottsville. Population, about 7,000. 
 SNYDER COUNTY. 
 
 I'roni Union County, March 2, 1855. An east- 
 ern central county, bounded on the east by the 
 Sus<piehanna river. The surface is hilly, and 
 lying between two mountains. It is one of the 
 finest wheat growing counties in the State, and 
 in some parts iron ore and coal is found in great 
 abundance and easy of access. Lumbering is 
 carried on very extensively. Population, 17,797; 
 area, 317 square miles, or 202,830. 
 
 MiDDLEBURG, the county seat, is located about 
 sixty miles north of Harrisburg, and is very gen- 
 erally known as Swinefordstown. It is an agri- 
 cultural town, the business interests being almost 
 entirely mercantile. Pojndation, about 600. 
 SOMERSET COUNTY. 
 
 From Bedford County, April 17, 1795. A 
 southern county, bordering on Maryland. . The 
 surface is diversified, the soil well adapted to 
 pasturing, and well watered by the (_^astlemiin 
 river, and Laurel Hill and Stony creeks. Every 
 variety of timber grows upon its surface, and has 
 a number of industries, including lumber, leath- 
 er, tire brick, woolen goods, etc. Population, 
 33,146; area, 1,10^ square miles, or 705,280 acres. 
 
 Somerset, the county seat, is located seventy 
 miles E. S. E. of Pittsburg, and was laid out in 
 1790. In 1833 the town was destroyed by tire. 
 
RES<)URCK^5 OF THE r.KIIKiH VAI.LF.Y. 
 
 25 
 
 tliework of an it.coinliary, and in IST'i it sliaivd 
 the same fate. It now eontains a nuniticr of 
 fine biiildiiisis, tlie court liouse tjeinu- a tine 
 specimen of arcliitecture. Poimlation, about 
 2,900. 
 
 SULLIVAN rOUNTY. 
 
 Fn)n-i Lycoming County, .Marcii 15, 1847. A 
 N. N. E. county, and travcr.-<ed hy the Loyalsock, 
 Muncy, and Little Loyalsock creeks. Thesurface 
 is elevated and covere(i with forest?!, and crossed 
 by the Allegheny mountains. Tlie numufactur- 
 ing industries are mostly confined to tanning 
 hides. Semi-anthracite coal free from gas and 
 sulphur is found, with some imlications of cop- 
 per, lead, iron ore and grey limi'-ftDue. Popula- 
 tion, 8,073; area 4.34 square miles, or 277,760 
 acres. 
 
 L.M'ORTE, the county scat, is located near the 
 geograhpical centre of the county, one liundred 
 and seven miles northeast of Harrishurg. All 
 tlie jniblic buildings are under one roof. Popu- 
 lation, about 800. 
 
 SUSQUEHANNA COTtnTY. 
 
 From Luzerne County, February 21, 1810. A 
 N. N. E. county, bordering on New York. Its 
 streams are the North Branch of the Susquehan- 
 na river, and Choconut, Meshoppen, Tuakhan- 
 3iock and Wyalusing creeks. The surface is 
 hilly and adapted to grazing and dairy purposes. 
 It has e.xtcnsive industries, and its i)eoi)le are 
 thrifty and industrous. There are several min- 
 eral springs possessing great medicinal virtues, 
 and numerous small lakes. Poi)ulation, 40, .357; 
 area, 828 square miles, or 529,920 acres. 
 
 Montrose, the county seat, is situated about 
 one hundred and sixty-five miles north by west 
 of Philadelphia, and is a manufacturing town of 
 some prominence, the industries being jirineipally 
 the production of agricultural imjilements, wool- 
 len goods, etc. Population, 2,000. 
 TIOGA COUNTY. 
 
 From Lycoming County, March 26, 1804. A 
 northern county, bordering on New York. Tlie 
 Tioga river and Cowanesque and Pine creeks, 
 traverse its surface, which is hilly. Its mineral 
 resources consist of vast quantities of semi- 
 bituminous coal, iron ore, tine clay, salt, mineral 
 springs, and ore possessing the (jualities of steel. 
 The soil is adaj)tcd to pasturage, there being many 
 highly cultivated regions in different sections. 
 The forests are extensive and valuable. Popula- 
 tion, 45,811; area, 1,124 square miles, or 719,;i60 
 acres. 
 
 Wkm.sboro, the ccmnty seat, is located about 
 one hundred and forty-five miles northwest of 
 Harrisi)urg, and is a town of considerable energy 
 and enter^iri.se. It was laid out in 1800, and ha.s 
 now many imi)rovements and industries. Pop- 
 ulation, about 1,80(1. 
 
 UNION COUNTY. 
 
 From Northumberland County, Maridi 22. 181.3. 
 An eastern central county. Well drained by the 
 
 Siisijuiliaiina river, and it.s West Fork; also Buf- 
 falo, Penn, ami White Deer creeks. Thesurface 
 is traversed by the Buffalo, .lack. Nittany and 
 Shade ridges of the Allegheny mountains, while 
 the soil in the valleys is fertile. Iron and lime- 
 stone is found. Population, 10,905; area, 315 
 square miles, or 201,600 acres. 
 
 LEwisBt'RG, the county seat, on the West 
 Branch of the Susiiuehanna river, about sixty- 
 nine miles north of Harrisl)urg. It is notable 
 for the early attention of its residents to popular 
 education, its first academy being a log cabin. It 
 is now the location of a magnificient University, 
 erected by Jhe Baptists, one of the best in the 
 State. The town is surrounded with beauti- 
 ful scenery, and is substantially built, 
 with many handsome residences. Population, 
 about 4,000. 
 
 VENANGO COUNTY. 
 
 From Allegheny and Lycoming Counties, 
 March 12, 1800. A northwestern county, through 
 which runs the Allegheny river, and also French, 
 Oil, Racoon and Teonista creeks. The surface 
 is diversified, and its soil is moderately fertile, 
 and suitable for jiasturage. It yields immense 
 quantities of petroleum and the greatest produ- 
 cing county in the State. Population, 43.670; 
 area 658 .stjuare miles, or 421.120 acres. 
 
 Franklin, the county seat, on French creek, 
 about sixty-eight miles north of Pittsburg. The 
 town is surrounded 'by steep hills, and is well 
 and sulistantially built. The streets are wide and 
 intersect each other at right angles. Has several 
 railroads, and its business interests are manufac- 
 turing, mercantile, and those connected with the 
 production of petroleum. Population, about 
 6,000. 
 
 Oil City is situated at the confluence of Oil 
 creek and Allegheny river, about thirty-six miles 
 southeast <if Meadville. Previous to 1860 it was 
 a hamlet scarcely known outside the county, but 
 the immense yield of petroleum in the vicinity 
 has caused it to increase rapidly in population 
 and importance. Population, 7,315. 
 WARREN COUNTY. 
 
 From Allegheny and Lycoming Counties, 
 March 12, 1800. A N. N. ^\'. county, bonlering 
 on New Y'ork. It is watered by the Allegheny 
 river, and Broken Straw, Conewago, Leonesta. 
 and Kenyua creeks. The county was at one time 
 Cov(;red with timber to a very considerable extent, 
 but its people are now engaged in agriculture, the 
 cleared land producing good crops of grain and 
 gra.ss. Petroleum was largely produced, but this 
 industry of late years has declined. Population, 
 27,981 ; area, 914 sijuare miles, or 584,9(>0 acres. 
 
 Warkicn, the county seat, is locateti one hun- 
 dred and twenty miles N. N. E. of Pittsburg and 
 contains a number of large industrial establish- 
 ments. The Northwestern State Asylum for the 
 Insane is a large and beautiful area of tine build- 
 ings. lV)pulation, about 3,00<). 
 
26 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEIIIOII VA].[.I:Y. 
 
 WASIIINOTON roVXTY. 
 
 From Westmorclaiul ('oimty, March 'iS, 1781. 
 A W. S. W. county, bordering on Virginia. Its 
 streams are Monongahela river, and Cliartier, Ra- 
 coon, Wheeling and Ten-Mile crocks. The sur- 
 face is diversified, and the soil fertile, the county 
 being an excellent agricultural district. The 
 chief industry is tlie riiising of cattle and (iroduc- 
 ing wool. The only minerals found within its 
 limits are bituminous coal and limestone. Pop- 
 nlation, 55,417 ; area, 889 square miles, or 568,960 
 acres. 
 
 Washington, the county seat, is located about 
 twenty-five miles southwest of Pittsburg. The 
 most noticealde features of the town is the 
 Washington and Jefferson College, which was 
 founded in 1790, it previously having been an 
 academy. In 1835 a female senunary was estab- 
 lished here. The town is attractive in appearance, 
 and the centre of considerable business. Popu- 
 lation, about 5,000. 
 
 WAYNE COUNTY. 
 
 Prom Northampton County, March 21, 1798. 
 A northeastern county, bordering on New York. 
 The principal resources of the people are manu- 
 facturing and agriculture. Butter and cheese in 
 large quantities are exported to New York City. 
 The mineral deposits are coal, lead, and iron ore, 
 but they remain generally in their primitive state. 
 Its streams are the Delaware river, and Lacka- 
 wanna, Dyberry, Starucca and Equinunck creeks. 
 Population, 3;;}, 512; area, 717 square miles, or 
 478,080 acres. 
 
 HoNEsnALE, tlie county seat, is located one 
 hiuidred and sixty miles northeast of Harrisburg, 
 and is the largest town in the county. It is one 
 of the finest towns in northeast Pennsylvania, 
 being noted for wide and cleanly streets, and 
 neat and attractive houses. It has a public park, 
 soldiers' monument, public library, churclies, gas 
 and water works. Population, al,K>ut 6,000. 
 WESTMORELAND COUNTY. 
 
 From Bedford County, February 26, 1773, and 
 in 1785 part of the purchase of 1784 was added 
 thereto. A southwestern county, througii which 
 runs the AUeghcns- and Youghioghany rivers. 
 Its surface is hilly and mountainous, and the 
 valleys and table lands are very fertile, sufficient 
 to give the county great agricultural productions. 
 Among its minerals are stone-coal, limestone and 
 slate, and the making of coke forms an inqjortant 
 industry. In this there is very large capital in- 
 terested, it being the chief centre of the State for 
 coke bvn-ning. Popidation, 78,129 ; area, 1,046 
 square ndles, or 669,44(1 acres. 
 
 (iREENHiu'Ko, the county seat, is located about 
 thirty -two miles E. S. E. of Pittsburg. It has 
 all the elements of prosperity, and the residents 
 have consideriible public spirit. Tiic business 
 interests are principally coal and agriculture, 
 
 togcrhcr with a large mercantile trade. Popula- 
 tion, about 5,0(1(1. 
 
 WYOMING COUNTY. 
 
 From Luzenie county, April 4, 1842. A north- 
 eastern county, through which runs the North 
 Branch of the Susqiu'hanna river, and Bowman. 
 Manhospeny and Tnnkhannock creeks. The 
 surface is moinitainous, and the soil in the low 
 lands is exceedingly prolific, the hill sides being- 
 adapted to grazing purpostis. There are many lakes 
 in the county, surrounded with tall pine and 
 hemlock. Population, 15,598; area, 403 square 
 miles, or 237,920 acres. 
 
 TuNKKANNocK, the couuty seat, is locatdt 
 about twenty miles northwest of Scranton. It 
 was laid out in 1790 and incorporated in 1841. 
 The Montrose railroad intersects the Lehigh 
 Valley at this place, this affording the citizens 
 railroad communication with the outside workl. 
 The town is attractively built, and the largest in 
 the county. Population, 2,000. 
 
 YORK COUNTY. 
 
 From Lancaster County, August 1.9, 1749. A 
 S. S. E. c(junty, bordering on Maryland. It is 
 drained by the Susquehanna river, and Codorus. 
 Conewago, and Yellow Breeches creeks. The 
 surface is broken and hilly, but not mountainous. 
 The county contains limestone of good quality,, 
 iron and steel ore, and roofing slate. The land in 
 the greater part is fertile, and agriculture is the 
 principal industry. The farmers are generally 
 prosperous, having convenient nuu-ket for the 
 sale of their produce, nearly all parts of the coun- 
 ty being accessible by railroad. The iron ore 
 here found is considered to be equal to any, and 
 is largely shipped to other points, there being but 
 one blast furnace in the county. Population, 
 87,839 ; area, 921 square miles, or 580,440 acres. 
 
 York, the C(junty seat, is situated twenty-eight 
 miles S. S. E. of Harrisburg, on the Ijanks of the 
 Codorus. It is a rich and thriving borough, be- 
 ing the location of many important industries, 
 including car works, numerous manufactories of 
 water wheels, iron works, agricultural imple- 
 ments, carriages, etc. It is one of the most im- 
 p<irtant towns in southeastern Penn.sylvania, 
 and is compactly built, containing many hand- 
 some private residences, and attractive churches 
 and public buildin.gs. An opera house, recently 
 ero3to 1, is one of the finest in the State. Other 
 improvements give the town many advantages as 
 a place for business and residence. The Conti- 
 nental Congrees met here while the British army 
 were in Philadelphia. Population, 13,940. 
 
 Hanover is located about eighteen miles south- 
 west of York, near the line between Adams and 
 York Counties. The town was founded in 1764. 
 and was incorporated as a borougli in 1815. 
 
 WuicjHTSviLi.E is situated on the west bank of 
 the Sustpu'lianna river, about eleven miles E. N. 
 E. of York. Population, 2,500. 
 
EUSTON. 
 
 A ETCH AND THRIVING BOROUGH- 
 
 -ATTKACTIVELY SITUATED AT THE FOOT 
 
 .Oi-' THE LEHIGH VALLEY, AND AN IMPORTANT RAILROAD CENIUE 
 NUMEROUS INDUSTRIES AND A POINT OF MUCH BUSINESS. 
 
 At the point where the Lehigh pours its turbu- 
 lent watei-s into those of the Delaware, is loca- 
 ted one of the most attractive towns of the Com- 
 mon wealth — Easton. Nature here has lavished 
 herself to form an area that is at once attractive 
 and inviting for nearly all purposes of life, and 
 when the improvements of man has been added 
 to those personally designed for him by "He who 
 rules all things well," there is presented a view 
 that is at once pleasing to the eye and instruc- 
 tive to the mind. Such can be well said of the 
 spot selected by Thomas Peim, who, in a letter 
 from England, dated Seijtember 8, 1751, to Gov- 
 ernor Hamilton says : "Some time since I 
 wrote to Dr. Graeme and Mr. Peters to 
 lay out some ground in the forks of the 
 Delaware for a tov.'n, which I suppose 
 they have done or began to do. I desire it may 
 be called Easton, from my Lord Pomfret's house, 
 and wlienever there is a new county that it 
 shall be called Northampton." 
 
 THE TOWN SURVEYED. 
 
 The town, however, -had been surveyed in 1850, 
 and was then in the county of Bucks. At the 
 time (tf the survey the nearest public house was 
 some six miles up the Biishkill or Lehicton creek, 
 and at this place boarded those who were engaged 
 in the work. The site of tlietown was pleasant 
 and agreeable, the banks of tlie streams l)eing high 
 and clear, and originally contained about one 
 hundred acres. The first inhabitants were 
 almost entirely cut off from any communication 
 with the interior of the country, as no roads had 
 been laid out to the town, and its only means 
 of access being the Iiulian patlis, which as all the 
 travel of that time was on foot may Iiave an- 
 swered very well. But soon after the settlement 
 slowly grew in population, and roads were laid out, 
 
 among the first being one from Easton to Read- 
 ing. 
 
 FORMATION OF THE COUNTY. 
 
 On the 11th of May, 1751, a petition was pre- 
 .sented in the House of Assembly for the creation 
 of a new county, and after considerable deliate 
 at the next session in February, 1752, the petition 
 was granted, and March 11, 1752, the bill wa.s^ 
 signed by the Governor. Easton was selected as 
 the county seat, and the first court of the couiitv 
 of Northampton was held on .Tune IG, 1752. The 
 first election was held at Easton, October 1. of the 
 same year, for the whole county. At that time 
 tliere were eleven families living in the town, in 
 all, probably about forty people, and in 1753 the 
 the county jail was finished. 
 
 ea.ston's early history. 
 
 The town aj.peared to make very slow growth, 
 but the few that liad settled there, in 1755 built 
 the first church and school house, a portion of 
 the money for the latter having been contribu- 
 ted by parties not residents of the town. About 
 this time the Indians gave the people con.siderable 
 trouble, and it is .stated during a portion of the 
 year 1756 bu.sincss was entirely paralyzed, ami. 
 self-protection engaged their whole attention^ 
 In July, 1750, a treaty was entered into between 
 the settlers and the Indians, and a general peace 
 was concluded in October, 175.S. The holding of 
 these communications with the Indians, from 
 1756 to 1762, attrat'ted to the young town of 
 Easton many of the prominent men of that 
 time as well as tlie chiefs of the nations in Penn- 
 sylvania and New York, and gave it prominence 
 that it would not otherwise liave attained. 
 
 The improvements in Easton were greatly re- 
 tarded by the Indian wars. In September, 1762, 
 a bridge was built over the Buslikili creek at the 
 
28 
 
 r:;suuk('Ks uk tiik lehigii VAi>Li:r. 
 
 iiortliorn end of Hamilton street. Tlie buildinj:? 
 of the court house, which stood for more than a 
 ■century in the centre of the town, caused great 
 agitation in the county, a large number of the 
 residents desiring that it should be erected at a 
 more convenient i>hice, the present site of Allen- 
 town being largely advocated. From 1763 to 1773, 
 Easton increased very slowly in population, 
 having in the former year sixty -three houses, and 
 in the latter only sixty-nine, nearly all of which 
 were small log dwellings, one story high. 
 
 In 1782 the number of houses had increased 
 To eighty-five and about five hundred inhabitants; 
 ain.ing these were fan\ilies whose descendants are 
 fiiund in the prt>sent borough. Eleven or twelve 
 years before Easton was surveyed for a town, the 
 JJelaware river at this point was first crossed by a 
 ferry, and it continued here until the Ijuilding of 
 the bridge. 
 
 REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 
 
 During the Revolutionary War, Ea,ston and 
 Northampton county furnished its full quoto of 
 men, and the first company from Easton of sixty- 
 five left that point immediately after the battle 
 •of Bunker Hill. The reception in Easton of the 
 news of the Declaration of Independence was on 
 the 8th of July, 1776, four days after it had been 
 niadei)ublic in Philadelphia, and was hailed by the 
 citizens of the town and surrounding countrj' with 
 much joy. During the war Easton's largest 
 buildings were the court house and the Gernum 
 Keformed Church,, and these were often crowded 
 with sick or disabled soldiers. In 1778 General 
 AVashington passed through Easton, and in 1779 
 General HuUivan passed through the town on his 
 expedition to Wyoming, and after the army had 
 •destro3''ed the Indian villages and drove the In- 
 dians away, they returned to this point. While 
 they remained here the town was kept in a state 
 •of agitation by the riotous conduct of some of 
 the soldiers, and three of them were hi;ng for 
 murdering an innkeeper who had refused them 
 liquor. 
 
 BOROUGH INCORPORATION. 
 
 Easton continued to nuike steady improvement 
 in her population, and in 1789 the town was in- 
 •corporated as a borough, and received the second 
 •charter of incorporation in 1823. The organized 
 plan of the town extended from the Lehigh river 
 to tlie Bushkill creek in one direction, and from 
 the Delaware river to the tip of the hill in the 
 •other, but long since the rapid increase has grown 
 ■beyond the limits alloted to it, and "the tip of 
 the hill," formerly the western boundary, has be- 
 come the centre of the town. Its population in 
 181U, was 1,650; in 1820, 2,450; in 1830, 3,700; and 
 in 1870, it was 10,687. At the present time (cen- 
 sus of 1880) the population within the corporated 
 limits reaches 11,924. 
 
 THE RAILROADS AND CANALS. 
 
 July 2, 1852, was a day long remembered by 
 rthose livin* at that time in Easton, as marking a 
 
 l)L'riod when railmad c^nnectinn between that 
 point and New York was made. Upon that day 
 the first train of the New Jersey Central Railroad 
 reached I'hillipsburg, opposite Easton. The oc- 
 casion was celebrated by a I'ublic meeting in 
 front of the cnuri bouse, and ui)on the stan<l 
 were the i)resi(lent aiul ollicials of the railroad 
 company, as well as a lai>.;e nundier of pronu- 
 neiit gentlemen tVom New ^orkand towns along 
 the railroad between that <'ity and Easton. 
 
 An.other re<l letter day was February 4, 1854, 
 when the long talked-of and anxiously waited- 
 for connection with Philadeliihia l)y railroad was 
 consumnuited by tlie lormal ojuMiing of the 
 Belvidere Delaware Railroad, from Lambertville, 
 N. J., to Philipsburg. This was also properly 
 commemorated by a procession, in which joined 
 the excursionist, ,»aid when tliis was over a large 
 public meeting was held. The leading guests 
 participated in a bampiet, and tlie occasion was 
 a most auspices one. 
 
 The opening for travel of the Lehigh Valley 
 Railroad in June, 1855, was the most important 
 of all in its bearing upon the prosperity of the 
 town. It brought to Easton vast quantities of 
 coal and the products of the interior country, and 
 made the town of much importance. 
 
 These railroads gave an incentive to business 
 in Easton that it had never before felt, and 
 drew to its limits many inhabitants, the increase 
 in population during the decade from 1850 to 
 1860 being more marked than at anj' c:)ther 
 period. 
 
 The openingof thecanalof the Lehigh Coal and 
 Navigation Comiiany about thirty years previous 
 to this time, was the first introduction given to 
 Easton of the wonderful wealth that was hidden 
 away in the upper part of the valley, of which 
 the town has since been the principal outlet. The 
 completion of the canal to Bristol added anoth- 
 er important factor to the growth of Easton, and 
 it saw the coal-carrying trade grow from a ton- 
 nage of 365 tons to null ions, and necessitating 
 the more rapid means of transportion, which was 
 provided by the building of the railroads. 
 
 ITS DESIRABLE SITUATION. 
 
 Easton, in its location, is extremely fortunate, 
 being built upon high ground, and at the con- 
 fluence of two im[)ortant rivers. Upon the 
 northern border Bushkill creek flows through a 
 vale into the Delaware, turning many wheels in 
 its course, thus furnishing the borough a water 
 power of incalculable value. The town is with- 
 in two hours ride by rail of Philadelphia, and 
 three of New York. 
 
 THE PRESENT APPEARANCE. 
 
 The limited space allotted in this work for any 
 particular locality, ci^mpels but a slight review of 
 the many interesting points of history connected 
 with the prominent towns, and as the present 
 appearam-e and advantages are considered to be 
 more in province with the intenlions and pur- 
 
RESOUIK'ES OF THE LEI IK HI VAT.T.EY. 
 
 29 
 
 poses of this voluinc. tliaii the pa^t, tlic editor 
 }ia.s more liberally dealt with the siil)jeet.s of the 
 present day. In depicting the condition and 
 advantages of P^aston of to-day, much coiild he 
 said in its favor. There is nothing rural in its 
 ui)earance; tlie streets are laid otf at right angles, 
 tlie greater i>art of which are paved, and others 
 macadamized, while the side walks are snhstan- 
 tially laid with either hrick or flagging. Few bor- 
 oughs are more fortunate in the matter of drainage, 
 which is secured by means of culvert.s and .sew- 
 ers. The town has a gentle rise from the Dela- 
 ware to the west until the new court house is 
 readied, from which point the surrounding 
 country stretches out in a panorama of surpris- 
 ing loveliness. 
 
 The streets are lined Avith substantial build- 
 ings, the main arteries of business being North- 
 ampton and Third streets, upon which will be 
 found numerous structures that are elegant 
 specimens of architecture. To the north, upon a 
 prominent eminence, stand the majestic build- 
 ings of T.afayette College, the leading institution 
 of learning in the State. Upon every hand the 
 handsome private residences of the well-to-do citi- 
 zens lends a delightful charm to the appearance 
 of the borough. 
 
 The smoke of many industries bespeaks the en- 
 terprise and business activity of the citizens, and 
 aid in advancing the material prosperity of those 
 so engaged. In every portion of the borough are 
 many stately edifices dedicated to the i>romotion 
 of the religious and moral growth of the people, 
 and her schools of learning are unsurpassed. 
 
 BOROUGH GOVKRNMENT. 
 
 Easton enjoys many privileges not often found 
 in towns of similar population ; in fact it is be- 
 lieved that no borough of its size in the country 
 can show as many advanced improvements in 
 the general government, it possessing a thorough 
 executive department, a paid fire department, 
 and a }>olice force of cffi 'iency and e.xi>crience. 
 The borough of Easton, in its corporate limits, 
 represents but about one-half of the population 
 that is centred here, the borough of South Easton 
 and city of Fhillipsburg, in New Jersey, to all in- 
 tents and purposes in a business view belong- 
 ing to it, and deriving their life and activity 
 from it. 
 
 The government of Easton is represented by a 
 Chief Burgess and Council of twenty-one mem- 
 bers — three from each of the seven wards. 
 
 Tbe officials are as follows: 
 
 Rurge-ss. William M. Shultz; office, second 
 story (k-ntral Express BuiKling, corner Third and 
 Centre Square. Solicitor, General Frank Ueeder; 
 Treasurer, Thom;is Deshler; Surveyor, .1. Marshal 
 Young; Surpervisor of Streets, Peter M. Correll; 
 Clerk, David Nevin. 
 
 DEP.\RTMENT OF POLICE. 
 
 The police department occupies a handsome 
 three-story brick building situated upon the 
 
 west side of Centre S(junre, in which are the prin- 
 cipal oMices of the borough. The first floor isoc- 
 cuiiied by the office of the Chief of Police, a wait- 
 ing room, and the lock-up in rear, containing 
 eight cells. The second floor is fittwl up for the 
 uses of the Council, while upon tlie third are the 
 offices of the Borough Treasurer, Surveyor and 
 Town Clerk. The officials of this department arCv 
 Chief, 11. M. Burrell ; Borough Detective, Jiimes. 
 Simon; District Attorney's Detective, Jacob 
 Johnson ; Captain, Thomas Stonebach ; Special 
 Officers, James Ilackett, Allen (4inginger. 
 
 The force includes seven patrolmen, whose 
 duties are so divided that the town is under tlieir 
 superveilance at all hours, dav and night. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF FIRE. 
 
 The Borough has a pai<l Fire Department, 
 known as the "call system," the employees thereby 
 being able to follow their usual vocation, at the 
 same time under the immediate authority of the 
 chief. The fire alarm telegraph system is in use, 
 there being six street signal boxes, with three 
 and a half miles of wire. The superior water 
 facilities enjoyed has i)laced the department in a 
 most excellent condition. The department is 
 composed as follows; Chief Engineer, Jfihn J. 
 Smith ; Assistant Engineer, John J. Bishop. 
 
 Engine No. 1 — House on Ferry street, below 
 Sitgreaves street, First ward. Steamer, second 
 class, built by Amoskeag. in 1865 ; one four- 
 wheel hose carriage, built by Clapp & Jones. 
 F'oreman, A. Bachman ; engineer, J. Keichard. 
 
 Engine No. 2 — House, 15 South Sixth street, 
 Sixth ward. Steamer, third class, built by 
 Amoskeag Co. in 1869; hose carriage by the same 
 Company. . Foreman, D. T. Lerch ; engineer. N. 
 Bishop. 
 
 Engine No. 3— House on New street, between 
 Cattell and McCartney streets. Third ward. 
 Steamer, fifth class, built by Silsby Manufac- 
 turing Co. in 1878; hose carriage built in Phila- 
 delphia. Foreman, A. Steinmetz; engineer, V. 
 Walter. 
 
 Hook and Ladder No. 1 — House, 346 Lehigh 
 street. First ward. Truck carrying six ladders, 
 built by Schantz, of Philadelphia. Own reserve 
 hose carriage and eight hundred feet of hose. 
 Foreman, William Troxell. 
 
 The office of the Department is in the house of 
 Engine, No. 1, on Ferry Street. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Coming toward Easton from any point the eye 
 of the traveler is greeted by a number of tall and 
 gracefull spires, that at once bespeaks for its resi- 
 dents a high moral condition of society and an 
 advanced appreciation of the benign influences 
 exerted by the churches. The church buildings 
 are architectural adornments, and add in no 
 small degree to the recognized beauty of the town. 
 They are as follows : 
 
 Third street Reformed Church— corner of 
 Church street, Rev. J. C. Porter, D. D. 
 
30 
 
 IlKSorncES OF THE LEHIUll VALT,EY. 
 
 St. Jolin's Liitlieran Clmrcli — Forry istrivt, be- 
 low Fourth. Eev". J. K. (iroff. 
 
 St. Paul's Lutheran Church — Fourth street, 
 above Spring Ganlen. Kev. E. W. Huffbrd. 
 
 First Presbyterian Churcli — corner of Bushkill 
 anil .Second streets. Rev. Frank E. Miller. 
 
 Trinity Episcopal Churcli — Spring Garden 
 stroot, corner of Sitgreaves. Rev. Edwin E. 
 Butler. 
 
 Sr. Bernard's Catholic Church — Fifth street, be- 
 low Ferry. Rev. Tlionias Reiadun, i)astor; Rev. 
 William C. Egan, assistant. 
 
 Christ's Lutheran Church — corner Fourth and 
 Ferry streets. Rev J. ^L Anspach. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Clutrch — Seccjnd street 
 corner of Pine. Rev. S. li. Hoover. 
 
 Trinity Evangelical Church — Xortlianipton 
 street, near Seventli. Rev. A. F. Leojjold. 
 
 Baptist Cliurch — corner of Walnut and Ferry 
 streets. Rev. Edwin McMinnon. 
 
 American Rcf )rmed Churcli — Spring Garden 
 street, near I'ourth. Rev. C. H. Edgar, D. D. 
 
 Brainard Presbyterian Churcli — corner of 
 Spring Garden and Sitgreaves street. Rev. A. Rus- 
 sell Stevenson. 
 
 Zion's German Lutheran Church — Fifth street, 
 corner of Church. Rev. Ph. Pfalteicher. 
 
 St. Mark's Reformed Church — torner of Lehigh 
 and Seventh streets. Rev. T. R. Stern. 
 
 Bethel ^tlethodist Mission Chapel — Ferry street 
 near Ninth. Rev. A. M. Stirk. 
 
 Universalist Church — corner of Ferry and Sit- 
 greaves streets. Rev. Asher Moore. 
 
 St. Peter's Lutheran Church— College Hill. 
 Rev. H. B. Wile. 
 
 Grace Reformed Chapel — College Hill. Rev. 
 D. Y. Heisler. 
 
 First Colored Church — Feny street, above 
 West. Rev. 0. R. Cornman. 
 
 St. Luke's Lutheran Sunday School— Twelfth 
 street, near Ferry. 
 
 Steptown Sunday School — Delaware street. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 Easton has attained a prominence for her ex- 
 cellent schools — public and private, and from her 
 corporate limits have gone forth many of the 
 country's most learned men. The first school 
 building was erected 1755, and was a log structure, 
 located at the northwest corner of Sitgreaves and 
 Church streets. Although the records speaks of 
 the erection of this building, there are none of the 
 estabHshment of the school, and the first histori- 
 cal evidence of any concerted educational effort is 
 given in the year 1794, when the town contained 
 about 1 ,000 inhabitants. On the 8th day of May, 
 1704, the inhabitants of the borough met for the 
 purpose of organizing a school and building a 
 school house. The site for the building was 
 eventually fixed upon and erected, the trustees 
 giving it the name of the Union Academy. The 
 same building is yet standing on the hill in the 
 iSecond ward, although not now in use. Through 
 
 lack (if sufficient funds the school did not at first 
 prove a success, and after being compelled to 
 close several times, was in May, 1800, again ojien- 
 ed, at this time well patronized, when it contin- 
 ued under the charge of various teachers for 
 many years, and until 1828, when the Academy 
 passed into the control of the borough authori- 
 ties. 
 
 The next important educational movement, 
 succeeding the organization of Lafayette College, 
 (noticed under itsproi)er sub-head,) was the estab- 
 lishment in 1834 of a .system of education by com- 
 mon schools. The first board of school direc- 
 tors elected, under the statute creating the public 
 school system, was on September 25, 1834. The 
 nttmber of children in the borough of public 
 school age, at that time, was estimated at nine 
 hundred, for whose instruction it was proposed 
 to employ twenty teachers. On January 1, 1835, 
 the ijublic schools of Easton were first opened. 
 
 From 1S34 to 1854, the first twenty years of 
 Easton's common school history, was not mark- 
 ed by anything special in the way of scholastic 
 attainments, and during the time no portion of 
 the school fund was expended in the erection of 
 school houses. The only building originally de- 
 vised for general school use, and that was avail- 
 able for the purpose, was the old Union Academy. 
 The other school-rooms in use during the first 
 five years, were such only as could be obtained in 
 private residences. In 1848-9 the directors pur- 
 chased two frame buildings, then standing upon 
 the Academy ground and in use by local militia, 
 and converted then into school-rooms. 
 
 Easton school district was probably the first 
 in the State to inaugurate a system of school 
 supervision by electing in February, 1843, the 
 Rev. John P. Hecht, Superintendent of the bor- 
 ough. 
 
 From 1860, the twenty years have been marked 
 with wonderful improvement, and at the present 
 time the public school system is conducted in the 
 most thorough manner and under the charge of 
 instructors who are well known for adaptabilit 
 for the work. The school buildings are nearly 
 all of the finest order, particularly so with that 
 located on Fourth street, below Ferry, which has 
 been built but a few years. It is a structure that 
 woitld do honor to any large city of the country, 
 and will doubtless equal any in the furniture 
 and school supplies with which it has been pro- 
 vided. 
 
 LAFAYETTE COLLEGE.* 
 
 This institution originated at a meeting of 
 prominent citizens of the borough of East^jn, held 
 December 27, 1824, at the Easton hotel. The 
 meeting was organized by the appointment of 
 Colonel Thomas McKeen, chairman. The Hon- 
 orable James Madison Porter, a man of great 
 public spirit, and distinguished for his learning 
 and legal ability, was an active particij^ant in the 
 
 * By Wm. W. Cottingham. 
 
RESOrROES OF THE LEITIGH VAI.T.EY. 
 
 31 
 
 proceedings of this nicctiii;;-, ami achieved more 
 than any other single individual in oritjinating 
 the project and perfecting the plan of the pro- 
 posed college. 
 
 After the settlement of the question as to the 
 expediency or establishing "at this ]>lact' an in- 
 stitution of learning, in which the dead lan- 
 guages, and various branches of education and 
 i^cience, usually taught in colleges, together, 
 ■with the French and German languages, civil 
 and military en\;inoering, and military tactics, 
 shall be taught," it was 
 
 "Reso/ied, That, as a testimony of respect for 
 The talents, virtues, and services of General La- 
 fayette in the great cause of Fcedoni, the said 
 institution be named Lafayette College." 
 
 The matter of obtaining a charter of incorpora- 
 Tion having been referred to a committee, consist- 
 ing of the Honorable James M. Porter, Honor- 
 
 able Joel Jones, and .Tacob \Va'.<ener, Esquire, 
 these gentleman drafted a memorial to the Legis- 
 lature, and secured, by an act of Assembly, 
 l)assed March 9, 1826, tlie required charter. 
 
 Agreeably to the provisions of the said act of 
 Assembly, the b( ard of trustees convened on the 
 15th of May following, and effected an organiza- 
 tion b.v electing James M^. Porter, president, 
 which office he filled during a period of twenty- 
 five years; Joel Jones, secretary, and Thomas 
 McKeen, treasurer. 
 
 By reason of successive failures in securing 
 funds for the erection of appropriate buildings, 
 and the disa]>i)ointment of the trustees in com- 
 pleting othei- arrangements, that seemed to give 
 promise of an early fullfillment of their plans, 
 the organization of the college was delayed until 
 the year 1832. 
 
 On the 6th of Fcb-narv, 1832, the Reverend 
 
 I'AKUEK HALL. J..^ 
 George Junkin, D. D., entered iipon the discliarge 
 of his official duties as president of the in.stitu- 
 tion, and on the 9th of May following, the first 
 sesision of the college was formally opened, with 
 forty-three students, in a building leased for the 
 purpose, and still standing, on the south bank of 
 the Lehigh. 
 
 Steps were immediati'ly taken by the trustees 
 to secure a permanent location for the college. 
 The present site of the college was selected and 
 purchased, and proceedings were at once institu- 
 ted for the erection of suitable buildings. The 
 corner-stone fortlie main building was laid with 
 befitting ceremonies, July 4, 1832, and the build- 
 ing was completed by May 1, 1834, when the cere- 
 monies of the inauguration of the first faculty 
 took place, in the hall of the new building. 
 
 The college during its early years, encountered 
 many discouragements, and, at times, was en- 
 
 AiLLIL LULLKGE. 
 
 compassed with diflficnlties that seemed to fore- 
 bode its ruin. To the untiring energy and devo- 
 tion of Dr. Junkin, and the sacrifices of personal 
 interest made by him in its behalf, is the college 
 chiefly indebted for its deliverence in times of 
 trouble. 
 
 Li 1841 Dr. Junkin resigned the presidency, 
 and was succeeded by the Reverend John W. 
 Yeomans, D. D. Dr. Yeomans, as president, was 
 noted for his executive ability. His administra- 
 tion was corrective, rather than creative, in its ten- 
 dency. He resigned in 1844, and was immedia- 
 tely succeed by Dr. Junkin, who was unani- 
 mously re-elected president of the institution, 
 which fact was announced to the citizens of Eas- 
 ton by the illumination of the college buildings. 
 Dr. Junkin continued his oflficial connection 
 witli the college until 1848, when he again re- 
 signed, and bade a final adieu to Lafayette. 
 
32 
 
 EE80rrv<'ES OF THE LElITfill VA1.1.i;V. 
 
 TIio trustees, having failed Infill the vaeancy 
 oceasioncd hy l)i-. Junkiii's resigiiatinn, the col- 
 lego was coiKkieted for a time withimt a jiresi- 
 <leiit, tile adminis^tration of its afl'airs liaviiighecn 
 given ill charge of the Reverend Charles W. 
 Nassau, D. D., the vice president of the faculty. 
 The prospects of the college at this time were ex- 
 ceedingly gloomy. Its friends were despondent, 
 and the institution was looked upon by many as 
 doomed to certain failure. 
 
 At this crisis, the interposition of the Synod of 
 I'hiladelphia was solicited through an overture of 
 the trustees, proposing to transform the institu- 
 tion into a synodical college, which should be 
 under the' exclusive care of the synod. The pro- 
 jtosal was accepted, and the college was formally 
 C(Misigned to the Synod of I'Miiladelphia. 
 
 Under the new alliance, the Reverend D. V. 
 McC'lean, D. D., was made president, and inaug- 
 nrated in 1851, and continued until 1857, when 
 lie resigned, and was succeeded by the Reverend 
 (Jeorge W. KcPhall, D. D., pastor of one of the 
 Presbyterian Churches of Easton, who, by invita- 
 tion of the trustees, performed the functions of col- 
 lege president, in connection with his pastorial 
 duties. He finally resigned his pastorate, and was 
 formally inaugurated president of the college in 
 1858. The condition of the college gave no in- 
 dication of improvement, either in its finances or 
 ])atronage. On the coiitrary there were unmis- 
 takable signs of evidences of retrogression. 
 
 Dr. McPhail resigned the presidency of the col- 
 lege in 18G3, and in 1864 the Rev. William C. Cat- 
 tell, D. D., was elected president. This gentle- 
 man has continued to hold this position from that 
 time to the present, and during his*administra- 
 lion the college has experienced its greatest suc- 
 cess. He enlisted many prominent gentlemeii 
 in the prosjyerity of the college, and soon raised 
 a large amount of money. Chief among them 
 was .Mr. Ario Pardee, who provided funds for the 
 building of Pardee Hall which was completed in 
 1873. This handsome structure was almost en- 
 tirely destroyed by fire some years later, but 
 through the indefatigable efforts of the presi- 
 d(!iit it was replaced by the present one, an illus- 
 trati(in of which is given on j»age 31. 
 
 The surroundings of Lafayette College are 
 beautiful and commanding. The eminence is 
 reached by an easy accent of granite steps, pass- 
 ing on the way up the granite soldier statue, 
 telling of the young hearts who went away from 
 here in such numbersto the war of the Union as 
 almost compel the closing of the classes. It was 
 during this trying period that the present presi- 
 dent was called to the head, and the wisdom of 
 that selection has a thousand times demonstrated 
 itself in the years that followed. 
 
 The college contains about three hundred stu- 
 dents, and the faculty is composed of twenty-four 
 professorj. 
 
 oruici: I'luvATic iNsrcn'TioN.a. 
 
 Among otiicr ]>rivate iiislitiitinns located 
 ill lOaston, some lueiitioii siiould be made of 
 Traciis' Academy, au 1 Ivu luss" Busina-i-i C )llog('. 
 BotJi of tliese are conducted liy gentlemen 
 thoroughly proficient in the departments of these 
 particular schools, the former being a boarding 
 and day school for both sexes, while the latter 
 confines itself, as its name indicates, to instilling 
 into the minds of the youth the I'uiiclainenial 
 principles of business life. 
 
 newspapi<:rs. 
 
 The advanced condition of the residents 
 of Easton in education and general infor- 
 mation, has prompted in years l)ack the establish- 
 ment of several first-class news])ai>ers. The 
 greater part of these are edited with ability and 
 conducted in a spirit of enterprise, with a just 
 ai)prec-iation of the prominent position they hold 
 as public educators. They are as follows: 
 
 Argus, published every evening, except Sun- 
 day, and weekly on Friday, by Cornell it 
 Fahr. Daily established in 1877, weekly in 1.^27. 
 
 Express, published every evening, exccj^t Sun- 
 day, by George M. Reeder. Established 1855. 
 
 Free Press, published every evening, except Sun- 
 day, and weekly on Frida.v, by D. B. Wood. 
 Daily established in 1856, weekly in 1855. 
 
 Northampton Correspondent, published weekly 
 by Cornell and Lehr. Established in 1801. Is- 
 sued from the office of the Argus. 
 
 Sentinel, published weekly by D. H. Neiman, 
 Established 1810. 
 
 American Mechanics Advocate, published month- 
 ly by William M. Schultz. Established in 1869. 
 
 Council Brand, published monthly by T. D. 
 Tanner. Established in 1879. 
 
 Lafayette College Journal, published monthly 
 by the Students of Lafayette College. Estab 
 lished in 1875. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 The oldest banking institution in Easton is tlu- 
 "Easton National Bank," which was charted 
 as a State Bank in 1814, with a capital of $400,- 
 000. In 1852 is was again re-charted, and in 1864 
 just at the completion of a half century of its ex 
 istence, it was re-t)rganized under the National 
 Banking Act. In 1873 the capital was increased 
 to $500,000. It is located in a substantial buildinjk 
 on Northampton street, above Centre Square 
 where it has remained since its incorporation— 
 sixty-seven years ago. It officers are, Williaii 
 Hackett, President; William Hackctt, Jr., Cashier 
 
 The second bank started in the town was ir 
 1857, and is now known as the First Nationa.' 
 Bank, having been re-organized in 1865 from » 
 State to a National bank. The capital is $400,- 
 000, and the bank now occupies a handsome 
 building in Centre Square. Its officers are Mc- 
 Evers Foreman, President; John F. G winner, 
 Cashier. 
 
 The Northampton County National Bank 
 
RESOimOEh^ OF THE LEHIOII VALLEY. 
 
 S3 
 
 was ()ri>j:in;illy starroil in 1SG9 as the "Nortli- 
 amiiton Ctxinty Savings Bank," a name it re- 
 tained until 1S78, when it re-organized under the 
 National ]{anking Act. It has a ]>aid-in capital of 
 $1U,000, and its executive department is repre- 
 sented hy the following officers: Cyrus Lawall, 
 President; H. Hutter, Cashier; C. B. Hetrick, 
 Teller. 
 
 POST OFFICE. 
 
 The post office was established at Easton, 
 ]March 20, 1793, and since that time the borough 
 has had sixteen post-masters, as follows : Henry 
 Spering, appointed during, President Washing- 
 ton's term, and held the office a little over four 
 years. The second, Hon. John Ross, appointed 
 October 1 , 1797, during President John Adams' 
 term, who held the office only nine months. 
 Thomas B. Dick, was the third, and was appoint- 
 ed July 1, 1798, during the term of President 
 John Adams, holding it for nearly four years. 
 The fourth, Hon. George Wolf, was appointed 
 April 1, 1802, during the term of President Jeffer- 
 erson, but retained it only one year. The fifth, 
 John Knauss, was appointed April 1, 1803, dur- 
 President Jefferson's term, and held the office a 
 little over ten years. The next, Philip H. Mat- 
 tes, was appointed May 8, 1813, during the term 
 of President Madison, and held the oflSce six- 
 teen years. The seventh, Abraham Horn, was 
 appointed March 9, 1829, during the term of 
 President Jackson, and held the office for ten 
 years. The eighth, Abraham Coryell, was ap- 
 pointed May 21, 1839, during the terra of Presi- 
 dent VanBuren, and continued in office a little 
 over nine years. During his term the office be- 
 came an appointment of tlie President. The 
 ninth, John J. Herster, was appointed by Presi- 
 dent Polk, June 12, 1848, and held the office 
 about eleven months. The tenth, Benjamin F. 
 Arndt, who was appointed by President Taylor, 
 Maj' 9, 1849, held the office for four years. 
 The eleventh, John J. Herster, who had held the 
 office previously, was appointed by President 
 Peirce, April 4, 1853, holding the office a little 
 over four years. The twelfth. Colonel William 
 H. Butler, was appointed April 20, 1857, by 
 President Buchanan, and held the office nearly 
 four years. The thirteenth. Dr. Charles C. Jen- 
 nings, was appointed by President Lincoln, March 
 27, 1861 and continued in office four years. 
 During the term of this gentleman the money 
 order system was extended to Easton. The four- 
 teenth. Captain John J. Horn, was appointed by 
 President Lincoln, March 20, 1865, and lield the 
 office until his death in the spring of 1869. The 
 fifteenth, James L. Mingle, was appointed April 
 20, 1869, by President Grant, and held the office 
 two years and seven months. The sixteenth 
 and present incumbent, James K. Dawes, was ap- 
 pointed by President Grant, November 18, 1871. 
 During his termof office, December 1, 1873, Eas- 
 ton was designated a free delivery or letter 
 
 carrier office, the j >ost office at South Easton being 
 discontinued, and the limits of the "Easton" of- 
 fice extended so as to include Easton, South Eas- 
 ton and Glendon. Tlie service is performed by six 
 carriers, who make thirty-one deli s'eries and forty- 
 six collections daily, the first at five o'clock in 
 the morning, and the last at half-past seven in 
 the evening. At convenient locations through- 
 out the town, eighty-four letter boxes have been 
 placed for the reception of mail matter, from four 
 of which collections are made every hour, that 
 part being announced by gilt inscriptions on the 
 box in seven different languages; vis : English, 
 French, Spanish, Italian, German, Russian and 
 Chinese. These four boxes were erected as a mem - 
 orial of "the Centennial," they having been used 
 during the Great Exhibition in the Main Building. 
 Similar boxes are in no other city, save Philadel- 
 phia, and Easton is justly proud of being the 
 fortunate possessor of these reminders of the Cen- 
 tennial Anniversary of the nation. 
 
 The office is located on Centre Sq[uare, in a 
 large and handsome building, furnished in a 
 most convenient and elegant manner. Being 
 the distributing point of a large number of routes, 
 the amount of mail matter handled is very great, 
 aggregating nearly forty thousand mail pouches 
 per annum. It can well be said and in good 
 truth, that Easton has one of the finest managed 
 post offices in the country. 
 
 GAS AND WATER. 
 
 The borough of Easton is well lighted by gas, 
 the lights upon the streets being numerous and 
 kept in good condition. The first company for 
 lighting the town by gas was organized March 14, 
 1850, and in the year following erected their 
 works. 
 
 The first water company was organized March 
 24, 1817, and they brought the water from an ele- 
 vated spring about one mile from Easton, and 
 conveyed it to a reservoir on the "top of the hill," 
 (now called Sixth street,) and from this point it 
 was distributed to different parts of the town. 
 This supply in connection with the old pumps, 
 served the town until 1840, when new works 
 were erected on theDelaware river just above the 
 mouth of the Bushkill creek. In 1854 another 
 company was started to supplj' the western part 
 of the town, and they erected works on the Le- 
 high river. This latter company some years 
 later purchased the property of the original com- 
 pany, and consolidated the two. It is contem- 
 plated at the present time to erect new works, 
 Commissioners for the purpose having been 
 recently selected. 
 
 CEMETERY. 
 
 The Easton Cemetery was incorporated in 1850. 
 It is located on the Bushkill creek, about a 
 half a mile from the centre of the town, upon a 
 high and pleasant site retired from the busy hum 
 of life. The tract is ample, and beautifully laid 
 out with drives and walks. A number of hand- 
 
34 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LP^HIOH VALLEY. 
 
 some monuments are erected within it, among 
 them being that to the memory of George Tay- 
 lor, one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. It occupies one of the most promi- 
 nent points in the cemetery. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 As a class, the residents take pride in their secret 
 and social organizations, and nearly all the rep- 
 resentatives of the former will be found in the 
 town. Tliey have done much good in their 
 benevolence, and are liberally maintained by a 
 large membership. The social organizations 
 include the several clubs am JUg the stu- 
 dents of Lafayette College, Young Men's Chris- 
 tian Association, Literary Societies, etc. 
 
 PROMINENT BUILDINGS. 
 
 Easton can well lay claim to some of the hand- 
 somest buildings in the valley, independent of 
 those that occupy College Hill and belong to 
 Lafayette College. Among them, there should be 
 mentioned the court house, Abie's opera house, 
 First National Bank building, Drake's wholesale 
 grocery house, Lawall's pharmacy, and several 
 other mercantile establishments. The buildings 
 occupied by tliose in business are mostly substan- 
 tial and of good appearance, and together with 
 the very many beautiful private residences, give 
 the whole town an air of surperiority and refine- 
 ment. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 In giving a short sketch of Easton, justice 
 could not be done it if some mention was not 
 made of its hotels, pjai-ticularly that known as the 
 United States. This time-honored hostel irie is 
 located at the corner of Third and Spring Garden 
 streets, convenient for all purposes, and conduct- 
 ed in the most thorough manner. The other 
 hotels are : Franklin House, located at 426 North- 
 ampton street ; Central Hotel, corner Fourth and 
 Northampton streets ; Mt. Vernon Hotel, corner 
 Sixth and Northampton streets, and Swan Hotel, 
 460 Northampton street. 
 
 THE NATUR.\L BEAUTY. 
 
 From any surrounding point, Easton pre- 
 sents a most striking and impressive sight. 
 The graceful grade at which it builds up from 
 the water level to the top of the hill, (Sixth 
 street,) is extremly attractive, while the numer- 
 ous spires and towering buildings produce an ef- 
 fect of architectural beauty unusually captivating. 
 From either College Hill, or the eminence on 
 the south side of the Lehigh, or the heights at 
 Phillipsburg, the view is not only particular pleas- 
 ing, but one that will fill the beholder with awe. 
 The several bridges crossing the Delaware and 
 Lehigh at this point add to the scene, and we 
 soon find ourselves questioning the location of 
 another place where the ingenuity and enterprise 
 of man have so beautifully and grandly blended 
 with the wisdom and blessings of the Creator of 
 the universe, as is spread out in a living pano- 
 rama at this point. 
 
 The time-himored covered bridge, connecting 
 Etistrjn with I'hillipsburg, which was built in 
 1797, stauds in solemn ooiupirison with the three 
 liandsome railroad bridges that span the Dela- 
 ware immdiately below where the Lehigh empties 
 itself. Over the latter river there is a neat and 
 substantial iron bridge connecting the two bor- 
 oughs — Easton and South Easton, while imme- 
 diately over this is the massive structure erect- 
 ed by the New Jersey Central Railroad, upon 
 which the trains of the Lehigh and Susquehanna 
 Division pass to and from the New Jersey side of 
 the Delaware. 
 
 While not possessing a public park in name, 
 Easton has within its limits the attractive Col- 
 lege Hill and the picturesque drives along the 
 Bushkill creek. Nature has done much, and the 
 wisdom of the enterprising citizens are making uj) 
 for all deficiencies. From Easton there are beau- 
 tiful drives and walks in all directions, and this 
 fact, in connection with the acknowledged 
 healthy surroundings, is each year adding to its 
 inhabitants — drawing among it a wealtliy class, 
 whose presence are manifest upon every street and 
 avenue. 
 
 Easton, to-day, as remark has been made in 
 another part of this work, is peculiarly situated, 
 and represents a town metropolitan in appearance, 
 and in great contrast with many cities of the 
 State and country, that have two or three times 
 its population. This is attributable to the ad- 
 vanced plateau that the people occupy in educa- 
 tion and business enterprise. They are pro- 
 gressive in everything undertaken, and while not 
 the largest centre of population that forms a por- 
 tion of this work, it holds the leading position 
 in many things that are essential to the make-up 
 of an attractive place of residence and the loca- 
 tion of industries. This thought brings us to a 
 subject of vast more importance to those un- 
 acquainted with the desirability of this place as a 
 scene of manufacture and mercantile activity, 
 and that is its 
 
 COMMERCIAL ADVANTAGES. 
 
 Easton lays a distinctive claim to being a trade 
 centre, and a careful resume of the pages that 
 follow this, will, it is believed, substantiate the 
 statement. To the stranger, the first question 
 that naturally and promptly arises in connection 
 with the claim is, "How is it related, and what 
 are its o<mnections with the rest of the world?" 
 To this query an answer with reference to Eas- 
 ton, leads to discussion in a detailed manner of 
 its railroad and canal facilities. 
 
 The first in importance is the Leliigh Valley 
 Railroad, which forms the principal higliway of 
 the entire length of the valley. It has the sec- 
 ond largest coal-carrying trade in tlie country, 
 and is the great outlet to New York for the im- 
 mense Lehigh Coal region, shipping over its 
 lines the annual i)roduct(jf millions of tons. The 
 Valley road proper makes its eastern terminus at 
 
RES0URCK8 OF THE LKIIKMI VALLEY. 
 
 85 
 
 Eoston, and here a vcrj' considerable i>art of its 
 business is done. At various points up the valley 
 it connects with other roads. 
 
 With its many connections, it places the pro- 
 ducts of this community within a few hours of 
 the leading markets of the country. It also pro- 
 vides frequent jiassenger trains that tend to draw 
 the consuming business of the valley to Easton 
 and in many other respects the officials recognize 
 the importance of the town. 
 
 This leads to a consideration of another factor 
 to Easton's prominence — the Lehigh and Sus- 
 quehanna Division u{ the New Jersey Central 
 llaiJroad. This road follows the Lehiiih river to 
 the northwest, forming a comjieting line to the 
 Valley road until Wilkesbarre is reached, 
 when the two diverge, the L. and S. goin-^ to the 
 coal fields above Scranton, while the other 
 stretches itself by its leased lines to Western New 
 York and Bufl'alo, where the great trunk lines of 
 the wtstare brought in connection. 
 
 On the New Jersey side of the Delaware, the 
 New Jersey Central forms the continuation of the 
 L. and S., making a direct railroad communi- 
 cation with New York and important centres of 
 the east and central New Jersey. 
 
 The Lehigh Valley also own a line to New 
 York, and the Morris and Essex Railroad forms 
 the third rail route to the metropolis of the na- 
 tion. 
 
 The Belvidere Delaware Division of the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad gives an outlet north and 
 south. Upon this line connection is made with 
 the labyrinth of railroads controlled by the great 
 Pennsylvania Central. 
 
 In this same connection, mention should be 
 made of the canal system, which is represented 
 by the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company to 
 Mauch Chunk; the Delaware Division canal to 
 Bristol, Pa., and the Morris and Essex canal 
 through New Jersey. 
 
 These nine great arteries, through which the 
 viviving tide of traffic is forever streaming, 
 certainly confers a position upon Easton so far as 
 their facilities extend, that can not be otherwise 
 than of the highest advantage to her commercial 
 and productive thrift. 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 In just ap]>reciation of the many advantages 
 possessed by Easton, the prominent citizens have 
 recently organized a Board of Trade, and at no 
 distant day this concentrated movement will be 
 productive of the greatest good. The fact of this 
 orgajiization will stimulate the difusion of 
 kiiinvledge of the desirability of Easton as a place 
 fur manufacturing industries, and thus bringing 
 to its limits many enterprises, that will enhance 
 tlie prosperty and value of the borough in every 
 department. 
 
 Sm'TU EASTON. 
 
 Tiic relationship between Easton 'and South 
 Ea.ston are so intinuite, though .separate boroughs, 
 
 tliat the two have been dealt with as one. The 
 only distinguising feature is the act of incorpor- 
 ation, which divides a community into two bor- 
 oughs that to all intent and jTurposes is inten- 
 ded as one. The town is situated on the south 
 side of the Lehigh river, and was laid out in 183.S 
 by the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company. 
 In 1840 it was incorporated into a borough, and 
 at the present time iias a jjopulation of about 
 2,000. Here are located the extensive repair 
 sho]>s of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, Stewart & 
 Co's wire mills, McKeen & Co's woolen mill, 
 blast furnace and numerous mercantile indus- 
 tries. The depot of the Lehigh Valley Railroad is 
 situated in the eastern end of the town, and the 
 canal of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Com- 
 jiany is located upon that side of the river. 
 The canal furnishes power to nearly all the man- 
 ufacturing enterprises located within the bor- 
 ough. 
 
 GLEXDON. 
 
 Two miles above Easton, on the south side of 
 the river Lehigh, is situated the borough of Glen- 
 don, now forming a part of the post office district 
 of Easton, as does also South Easton, both points 
 thus enjoying the benefit of a public mail de- 
 livery. The town has a population of about 700, 
 and the male inhabitants are chiefly employed in 
 the Glendon Iron Works located here. These 
 works rank with the largest in the valley, and 
 were started in 1843. 
 
 PHILT.IPSBURG, N. J. 
 
 Although not in the Lehigh Valley, several of 
 its industries are wholly or in part owned and 
 controlled by capitalists living in Easton, and it 
 may in fact be considered in a business view, 
 a portionof that town. The city,(all towns in New 
 Jersey are incorporated as cities,) at the present 
 time contains about 5,000 inhabitants, and is the. 
 centre of many industries, the more prominent 
 of which have been accorded a place in this vork 
 It owes its growth entirely to the severaJ rail- 
 roads that either terminate at, or pass thvough 
 the town, and the canals. Phillipsb'jvg has a 
 national bank, good public schools, and is a 
 pleasant i)lace for residence, the greater part of 
 the ground upon which it is built bei/ig Jiigh and 
 permitting of thorough drainage, /t "Is ct)nnect- 
 ed with Easton by a covered bridge, /t:id the three 
 railroad bridges, and has also a 'aue of street 
 cars from Centre Square, Ea.ston, Ui the extreme 
 soutlieastern end of the town, a /^Vjtance of near 
 two miles. 
 
 In conclusion there can bo but an expres- 
 sion of regret that the space allotted was so 
 contracted, that a subject teeiuin'T with interest 43 
 is this has had to be given in oach an epitomi/sed 
 form. But siiould these pages provftio beof interest 
 and value in advancing the object for wliich vhey 
 were written — the i>lacing of Enston in its proper 
 jiosition as a location for capitr.i and entorp'/ise — 
 then they can l)e permitted to claint t^'jay have 
 fuUilled their mission 
 
EHSTON MT) ENVIRONS. 
 
 At the foot of one of the most fertile and progressive valleys in the broad state of Pennsylvania^ 
 lapped on both sides by tlie waters of two of the most important water-courses on the Atlantic CCSSc, 
 the Delaware and the Lehigh, the former alone draining a country in area 11,250 square nules, with 
 a never ceasing supply ; a broken country, whose rocks are mines of wealth, and whose fertile fields 
 are the gardens of a prolific vegetation; the objective point of a system of railways, whose arteries 
 penetrate the coiintry East, West, North and South; and the centre of a canal interest, which furnishes 
 cheap transportation to the coal fields of the North or the great marts of the East, stands the beautiful 
 city of Easton. "With her dozen spires bespeaking the moral intelligence of her people; her substan- 
 tial buildings, argnries of a high civilization, and the hundreds of establishments devoted to the com- 
 merce and manufacture of the day; she is the epitome of the progress and civilization of the age. 
 Many and varied are the contributions to this end, but to no cause so much as to her manufactories 
 and splendid commercial facilities, does she o\ e this proud position among the inland cities of our 
 great State. 
 
 In the following series of brief descriptive articles will be found an epitome of the manufacturing 
 and mercantile industries of Easton and Environs, (none of which have been willingly omitted,) 
 showing to the reader its adaptability as a producing centre, and its advantages as a market for 
 supplies. 
 
 C.T. NIGHTINGALE. 
 
 Manufacturer and Dealer in Boots, Shoes 
 AND Rubbers, 321 Northampton Street. 
 
 Among the new enterprises, that have recently been 
 started in Easton, is the shoe factory of Mr. C. T. Night- 
 ingale, who opened it in Jauuarjf, 1881, at the corner of 
 Church and Bank Streets, where he occupies a room 
 used for the hand sewing department of 20x30 feet, 
 with the pegging department in a building upon the 
 opposite side of the street, of dimensions 20x00 feet, 
 these have been furnished with modem appliances for 
 a strictly fine line of Boots and the manufacturer of 
 Shoes for Men's and Boys' wear. 
 
 Beginning in January with only two hands, he now 
 employs twenty-one, besides giving out a large portion 
 of his "filling" and is turning out from seventy-flve to 
 one hundred pairs per day, and contemplates further 
 additions to his facilities. 
 
 Although this industry has been started but a few 
 months, its productions have rapidly found favor in the 
 market, and its goods are sold as fast as manufactured. 
 
 Mr. Nightingale's aim in establishing this enterprise 
 was to make a reputation for honest goods, and nothing 
 but first-class stock is used in the coustrution of any of 
 his work. 
 
 Mr. Nightingale is also proprietor of a Wholesale and 
 Retail Store on the corner of Nortliampton and Bank 
 Streets, which was founded about thirty-five years ago, 
 by J. A. Nightingale, father of the pre.sent proprietor, 
 who succeeded to the business in isib. This store is 
 large and well stocked with Boots, Shoes and Rubbers 
 of every diseriptiou. comparing in a most favorable 
 mauuer with any other eslablisluuenl in the town. 
 He has also a Retail Store at Ackermiiuville supplied 
 from his Easton esliiblishmeut. The VVhole.sale depart- 
 ment is represented by traveling .salesmen through 
 Pennsylvania and Central New Jersey, while the good^ 
 of his own manufacture are also in the bauds of Phila- 
 delpbia and Boston parties as agents, lu the store there 
 are engaged seven bands, all of whom are fully employ- 
 ed in attending Ibe business that Mr. Nightingale has 
 built up. 
 
 He is a life-long resident of Easton, where he is justly 
 esteemed as an enterprising and practical young man. 
 Intheestablishmentof the manufactory, he has given 
 to Easton an industry that promises to make its name 
 well-known abroad, as well as to form an important em- 
 ployment for many of its citizens, and is the only one 
 of the kind in town. His enterprise is deserving of all 
 success, the quality of goods he manufactures entitling 
 him to a position in the front rank of producers. 
 
 RAPP & INIANNING, 
 
 Saw Mill, Dock Street. • , 
 
 Easton, from its location on the Lehigh river at its 
 junction with the Delaware river, is an important point 
 for the transaction of a large lumber trade, and also for 
 the manufacture of lumber for building purposes. 
 Here and at many points in the vicinity are a number 
 of saw mills owned and controlled by an enterprising 
 class of capitalists, who are constantly engaged in saw- 
 ing up logs into boards, joists, &c. Among them is the 
 firm of Rapp & Manning, who occupy a mill which was 
 originally established many years ago, and which has 
 been conducted by Mr. Manning for about two years 
 and by him in connection with Mr. Rapp as his partner 
 since the beginning of 1881. 
 
 The mill is driven by steam power, and its production 
 reaches over a million feet of building lumber annually. 
 Every facility and eonvenienee is here aflbrded for 
 hauling logs and sawing them- up into boards and a 
 number of men find constant employment. Much of 
 the lumber from this mill finds its way to the New York 
 and Philadelphia markets, besides a large quantity is 
 used in the immediate vicinity. 
 
 Mr. George C. Manning is a native of New Jersey and 
 was born at Riegelsville, in that state. He has for some 
 time been prominently identified with the lumber inter- 
 est in this section of Pennsylvania, and is well and 
 favorably known as an honorable and upright business 
 man. 
 
 Mr. Andrew Rapp is a native of Carpenters, N. J. 
 
 These gcntlenien are conducting a large trade and are 
 at all times fully prepared to meet the demands that 
 may be made upon them. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 35 
 
 THEOnOKE CAINE, 
 
 Manukacturino Confectioner, 515 Northamp- 
 ton Street. 
 
 Among tlu' important business houses of Easton there 
 is none perliaps better known than that of Mr. Theodore 
 Caine, the popular Confectioner, who has been for up- 
 AvardsofL'O years engaged in this business, having orig- 
 inally for 1.') years been located at No. 549 Broadway, 
 New York City. 
 
 In 1S7S he removed to Easton and has since been 
 located at No. 51.S Northampton Street. Mr. Caine makes a 
 specialty of manufactuiug "American Steam Refined 
 ■Confectionery" of e.\tra quality, and tine flavored Can- 
 dies, all of which are made from the best white sugar. 
 And are strictly free from all deleterious substances and 
 "Coloring matters. These Candies' are pure and healthy, 
 Are made in the best manner and will keep in any cli- 
 mate. They arc put up iu neat and tastiful boxes con- 
 taining 5 lbs. and upwards, for family use or pre^jcnts. 
 
 The productions of Mr. Caine's establishment find a 
 ready sale throughout the City and surrounding Country, 
 And have gained a high reputation for their excellence. 
 Among the specialties made by him are Car- 
 amels of all flavors. Chocolates and many other kind of 
 choice, delicate, toothsome morsels, inviting to the eye 
 and agreeable to the palate. The store and manufactory 
 are of ample dimensions, the former being complete iu all 
 its arrangnn'Utsand handsomely fitted up. In the man- 
 ufacturing department, every facility and convenience 
 in the way of tools and appliances is found for the pro- 
 duction of Candies of all kinds, and a number of skilled 
 Candy makers are employed, who are con itantly kept 
 busy supplying the demands. Theodore Caine is a na- 
 tive of New Jersey, and has resided iu Plistou since 1878 
 where he has gained hosts of friends by his courteous 
 and genial manner, and reliable business dealings. 
 
 WILLIAM H. LAING, 
 
 "Bn'E Front Clothing House," 504 Northamp- 
 ton Street. 
 The eye of the visitor, in pa'ising through Northampton 
 St., is natural drawn to a building made conspicuous by 
 its blue color, and which is popularly known as the 
 "Blue Front Clothing Store," of which Mr. Wm. H. Laing 
 is the proprietor. This gentleman established this busi- 
 ness in Easton iu 1870, he having, previous to that time, 
 conducted the same line of business for 5 years in Som- 
 ■erville, N. J. Mr. Laing carries a full line of seasonable 
 <;lotliiug, made up in the best manner, of desirable goods, 
 iu the most fashionable styles. He also conducts a 
 ■custom department which is under his own immediate 
 .super\'ision, thereby guaranteeing at all times satisfac- 
 tion to his patrons. He enjoys a lucrative trade derived 
 from the city and surrouuding country, and ranks as 
 one of the popular Clothiers of Easton. He was born iu 
 New Jersey, is thoroughly acquainted with this branch 
 of trade, and always uses his best endeavors to please all 
 who may favor him with tl'.eir patronage. Since he 
 has been a resident of Easton he has made many friends 
 and is highly esteemed as a citizen. 
 
 THE SINGER MANUFACTURING CO., 
 
 W. R. Francisco, Agent, No. 441 Northampton 
 Street. 
 The numy Sewing Machines which are offered the 
 public in this day, make it almost a duty on the part of 
 the public to fully jiost itself as to the individ^ial merits 
 of each separate machine offered, and the grounds upon 
 •which each company claims the altculiou of the com- 
 munity at large. wliiU' it is notour purpose iu these pages 
 to discuss the merits and demerits of the rival concerns 
 «ugagediu sewing machine manufacture, still we are 
 
 impelled, from a knowledge of the product of the man- 
 ufactory, its world wide reputation, and the spk-udid dis- 
 play of enterprise put forth, by them, to accord it a little 
 more space than is ordinarily devoted to au enterprise 
 of this kind. 
 
 Mr. VV. R. Francisco, who so ably prosecutes their 
 work in this county, is well prepared from a long associ- 
 ation witli the business to represent the company in 
 this .section. His knowledge of sewing machines neither 
 begins or ends with the one he n-3w represents, but in- 
 stead covers a series of years of active operation for 
 other companies, aud knowing fully all the intricate 
 parts and important combination of the iliflereut makes 
 in the market, is thereby fully able to attest the merits 
 of the Singer over other makes. He began operations 
 here in 1876. being appointed by the Company as its 
 agent for the Whole of this County. He has pushed his 
 work vigorously, and at the present time is rnnMing 
 their wagons to all parts of his territory, and is disposing 
 of about 75 machines of all grades per month; the num- 
 ber sold has reached 14'J machines in one month, and 
 with the splendid facilities enjoyed, the high reputation 
 which the machine has, and the push so characteristic 
 of the Singer Co's Agents, we see no reason why. in the 
 near future, this latter figure shall not become the regu- 
 lar monthly exhibit of sales. The principal manufac- 
 tory of the Company is at Elizabethport, N. J., aud is 4 
 stories iu height by 1200 feet in lengtli and employs 
 2000 hands. The Case and Cabinet factory at South 
 Bend, "ind., employs 400 hands and the works at Glaseow, 
 Scotland, employs about 1000. The Company has 1500 
 subordinate offices in the United States and Canada, aud 
 3000 offices in the old world and South A merica. Manu- 
 facturing ill 1880. 538,000 machines. While these figures 
 are startling they only serve to show the world's verdict 
 of the Singer Machines. 
 
 WILLIAM J. DAUB, 
 
 Manufacturer of Fine Furniture, Nos. 403 
 
 AND 405 Northampton Street. 
 The city of Easton has gained a high reputation for 
 the production of fine, artistic furniture, some of the 
 establishments withiu its limits turning out work unsur- 
 passed either iu design or workmanship, notably that 
 of Mr. Wm. J. Daub, whose warerooms at Nos. 403 and 405 
 Northampton Street, are located in a large three-story 
 building, having a frontage of 20 feet and a depth of 80 
 feet, and present an attractive display of elegant and 
 tastful furuiture, comprising one of tnc most comprehe- 
 nsive stocks in the city, consisting of liandsome Parlor, 
 Reception Room and Chamber Suits iu Walnut, Mahog- 
 any and other popular woods, which are shown iii all 
 the most fashionable styles and unique designs uphol- 
 stered in the art. Mr. Daub makes a sjiccialty of man- 
 ufachiring Fine Furniture to order, of si>ecial designs 
 and styles, has being thoroughly familiar with the work 
 of customers, gives him a decided adaptability for succ- 
 essfully conductingthis branch of tlie business. Besides 
 manufacturing Furniture of all kinds, he is also largely 
 engaged as a dealer iu these articles, and has iu stock a 
 full line of goods suitable for furnishing all departments 
 of a hou.sehold. Mr. Daub establifihed this l)usine.ss in 
 1879, and holds a leading position in the furniture tmde 
 of Easton. He gives employment to 10 skilled artizaus. 
 and has every convenience and facility to supply all 
 demands made ui)on him. Mr. Daub lias for mure than 
 28 years beeu a resident of Easton and is well known 
 throughout the city, and was, previous to engaging in 
 his present business, prominent as a grocer. He is au 
 honorable and reliable gentleman and enjoys au exten- 
 sive patronage from among the citizens of Easton and 
 the surrouuding towns. 
 
S6 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LKIIIGII VALLEY. 
 
 C. W. BIXLER, 
 
 ,)k\vi;ller, 406 Northampton Stkeict. 
 
 An attrai'tive feature of that busy thoroughfare North- 
 ampton Street is the Jewelry establislimeut of Mr. C. W. 
 Bixler, wiiich is at ouce readily recognized by the sign 
 of the "Big Wateh." 
 
 This l)usiness was originally established in 1861 by 
 Mr. 11. H. BixhM- who carried it on successfully until 
 ISTr.. when he was followed by Mr. Walter Hamman, who 
 conducted it until 1878 when it came into the possession 
 of the present proprietor. Mr. C. W. Bixler is a young, 
 enteri>rising and active business man and a thorough 
 l)ractical Jeweller. He was born in Easton in 1846 and 
 for tliree years worked at the Jewelry business in New 
 York City, and was also as many years in business for 
 liimself in that city. The store at No. 406 Northampton 
 Street is neat, handsome and attractive, having a front- 
 age of 15 feet with a depth of 35 feet, in which is display- 
 ed a choice assortment of Jewelry, of all kinds, precious 
 stones, watche."^, broaches, fluger rings, ear rings, etc., of 
 both foreign and domestic production. American 
 Watches are largely dealt in, and a specialty made of 
 repairing Watches, Jewelry, etc. Mr. Bixler is an hon- 
 oral)le and reliable business man and guarantees all 
 articles from his establishment strictly as represented. 
 His sto(>k is always complete in the most fashionable 
 and stylish Jewelry, so that the tastes of all, even the 
 most fastidious, can without much trouble or delay be 
 pleased and gratified. 
 
 As a representative house in this special line of busi- 
 ness that of Mr. Bixler takes a leading rank and is popu- 
 lar with all clas.ses of the community. He is highly es- 
 teemed as a Iju-iness man an:l has won hosts of friends 
 by his courteous and amiable manner towards all who 
 have association witli him. 
 
 WHEELER & WILSON SEWING MACHINES, 
 
 Thomas A. Keller, Agent, 105 Northampton 
 Street. 
 The Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machines are well 
 known by every one in all parts of United States. Tlieir 
 merits being fully tested daily throughout the country, 
 and the highest encomiums are constantly being .secured 
 from those who speak in the most favorable ti;rms of 
 them, niore particularly of the New No. 8 Machine, which 
 is for sale by Mr. T. A. Keller, the courteous and popular 
 agent for Northampton County, Pa., and Warren County, 
 N. J. His office is at No. 105 Northampton street, where 
 he can always be seen and is always pleased to furnish 
 information or give instructions concerning any of the 
 machines or attachments made by the Wlieeler & Wil- 
 son Company. In his stock can always be found a full 
 line of all kinds of machines of this company's manufac- 
 ture, together with a large supply of attachments. 
 
 The New No. 8 Machine is claimed to be the best ma- 
 chine in the world for general family purposes— the 
 special points of excellence claimed being of simplicity 
 of construction, durability, and easy and noiseless run- 
 ning. Tlie \\'heeler it Wilson Company have received 
 innumerable medals and diplomas from all the leading 
 fairs and expositions throughout the world, and their 
 machines liold a rank to day unsurpassed by those of 
 any other manufacture of the country. These machines 
 are highly endorsed and recommended, and tho.se con- 
 templating making a purchase of a Sewing Machine 
 should call on Mr. Keller before going elsewhere. Mr. 
 Keller is a native of Reading, Pa., but for 22 years has 
 been a resident of Easton. He is thorouglily familiar 
 with all the different machines made and has had an 
 experience of 9 years as an agent. He is an honorable 
 and upriglit gentleman, who makes it his study to 
 please all, so that those who may favor him with a call 
 will be courteously received and politely waited upon. 
 
 The Wheeler & Wilson can well be congratulated upon 
 having so gentlemanly and enterprising a man as Mr» 
 Keller to represent them in this community. 
 
 SAMUEL BUTZ, 
 
 "Artistic" Shirt Manufacturer. Importer ani>' 
 Retailer OF Men's Fine Furnishing Goods, 29 
 South Third sruEET. 
 An interesting and an important business estab- 
 lishment in Easton. where gentlemen can procure tho;& 
 essential and requisites necessarj' for their comfort, as 
 well as an elegant appearance, is that of Mr. Samuel 
 Butz, the popular "Artistic" Shirt Maker and "gentle- 
 men's outfitter" at No. 29 S. 3rd Street, who began this- 
 business in LS74, then being the firm was Butz & Burt. 
 In 1880 Mr. Burt retired and Mr. Butz is now conducting 
 the business alone. The store is neat, hand.some and 
 showy, dimensions 16 by 60 feet, having a double front, 
 in which are displayed all the newest and latest styles 
 and designs of the most rec/ierc/!€ description of gentle- 
 men's Neck Wear, comprising the latest London and 
 Paris fashions. There are also full stocks of Kid Gloves,, 
 and Gloves of all kinds suitable for all seasons, Hosiery,. 
 Underwear, etc. A specialty of Mr. B's business is his 
 "Artistic" Shirt which is cut upon .scientific principles,, 
 and perfect fittin,g, thus affording ease and comfort to 
 the wearer. These goods he manufactures to measure, 
 but also keeps in stock a fine assortment ready-made, to- 
 supply the immediate wants of those who may desire 
 them. In the manufacturing department ten skilled 
 workpeople are always employed in filling orders and 
 supplying the demand, which is growing rapidly, the 
 patrons being numbered among the best citizens of 
 Easton and the immediate vichiity, although there are 
 times \vhen orders come in from a distance, so well 
 known and highly popular has his special make of 
 shirts become. 
 
 Mr. Butz is a native of Easton, and an honorable and 
 upright businessman. He is well known to all classes- 
 of the community and his neat, attractive and well 
 stocked store is the favorite resort of the tasteful and 
 fastidious, when they are in search of the novelites of 
 the seasons. 
 
 THEODORE CAINE, 
 
 Millinery & Fancy Goods, 5th, Corner North- 
 ampton. 
 Among the active and fashionable estal)lishments, at 
 least to the ladies in Easton, is the Millinery and Fancy 
 Goods emporiinn of T. Caine, located at the corner of 
 5th and Northampton Streets. The business was origi- 
 nally established in 1-861 by Mr. Wm. B. Lane, who suc- 
 cessfully conducted it until 18S0, when he was succeed- 
 ed by the present proprietor ,who occupies the first and 
 second floors of a large double front building, having a 
 dimension of 30 feet square, in which a large and gener- 
 al assortment of fancy goods and millinery are always- 
 displayed. The prominent feature is the millinery de- 
 partment, where may be seen at all times a general and 
 varied line of seasonable and fashionable millinery of 
 the latest Parisian, London and New York styles, beau- 
 tiful in their arrangement of feathers and flowers, deli- 
 cate and lovely to look upon. These goods are all got- 
 ten up in the hightest taste, rich and elaborate. The 
 designs and styles being in such variety that without 
 much difliculty a becoming hat or bonnet can be select- 
 ed. Those who may desire to have these articles made 
 to order from any special style or in any particular man- 
 ner, can be'accommodated without delay as 7 expressed 
 and skilled attendants are always engaged in this de- 
 partment during each season. Mr. Caine is a native 
 of Somerset Co., N. J., and since helms beer, engaged iu 
 this business, his establishment has become one of the 
 most popular, as it is decidedly the largest, iu Eastou. 
 
RESOrRf'KSOFTlIK LllIIKill VAL[>EY. 
 
 37 
 
 E. E. IIEMMIXOIWAY, 
 
 Saddlery Hardware and Coach Trimmings, 
 
 CoK. NoKTUAMPTUN AND FlFTlI STREKTS. 
 
 Mtmy advaiitiigt's eombiue to make Easton an excel- 
 lent point fi)r tlie distribution of supplies for a large ex- 
 tent of country, as the centre of a thickly settled district 
 convenient by iin unexceptionable system of railroads 
 with the prominent cities and manufacturing points of 
 the country its facilites as a source from which 
 the consumer is to procure needed goods, can not be ex- 
 celled. Here are establishments of every department of 
 trade, pronnnent among them being the house of E. E. 
 Hemmingway, (leidcr in Saddlery Hardware and Coach 
 Triimiiings, li.cated in a large building, at the corner of 
 Northaniplon and Fifth Streets. .This house was estab- 
 lished in IStC, by the present proprietor, removing to 
 present stand in 184S, where he has for nearly forty years 
 conducted his business, which has grown during that 
 time to wonderful proportifins. The store occupied com- 
 bines an area of i^x.V) feet, in which is an unusually 
 large stock of goods, embracing everything suggested by 
 Saddlery Hardware and Coach Trimmings. Dealers 
 and consumers will here tind an as.sortment that is not 
 only large, but in every respect desirable as to quality, 
 the business having been built up through the excellent 
 quality of everything for sale, a standard that is still 
 maintained. To envnnerate the articles, or specially com- 
 ment upon any particular class of good.s, would in this 
 editorial notice be superfluous, but suffice to say, that Mr. 
 Hemmingway's long experience in handling these 
 goods, enables him to fully comprehend the wants of 
 his trade, which has been met by as tine an assi)rtment 
 as is found outside of the great cities. In the rear of 
 the store he has a large storehouse, in which he carries 
 a stock of goods that have been purchased in large ([uaii- 
 tities at the most desirable times and prices. .Mr. Hem- 
 ningway is also the proprietor ofa well-furnished livery 
 stable, on Church Street, containing twenty-tive horses. 
 
 Mr. Hemmingway was born in New Haven, Con- 
 necticut, April 12, iSUi, and while a lad and until he had 
 reached his fifteenth year, worked upon a farm, not se- 
 curing as much schooling as boys of a later day are in 
 habit of obtaining. When reaching this age, being in- 
 spired with a desire to make his way in the world suc- 
 cessfully, entered a shop in New Haven, as an apprentice 
 to the trade of silver plating, where he remained tV)ur 
 years, and at the age of nineteen he began business for 
 himself In looking for a desirable location, he finally 
 settled upon Easton for the seene of his operations, ar- 
 riving in this town Dec. 2, 18;i(). He gradually changed 
 from the business of silver plating to that in which he 
 is now engaged, and at this time is with two excep- 
 tions, the oldest established l>usinessmanon Northamp- 
 ton street. Mr. Hemmingway is em])hatically a self- 
 made man, reaching the present position of affluence 
 through years of struggle, in which his own personal ef- 
 forts were his only help. He has a numbi'r of times 
 been honored by his fellow citizens with positions of 
 conlidence, and is at present serving his fifth term as 
 a member of the borough coinicil, coveringa period of 
 fifteen years, a longer term than ever alloted to one sin- 
 gle individual in the history of the Borough. He is 
 President of the Council, a position of no little honor 
 and responsibility. Mr. Hemmingway is one of Eastou's 
 rep.esentative business men. and as such, respected 
 and esteemed by all who know him. 
 
 I. E. STAIR, 
 
 Kkvstone I'l.ANiNG Mii.i,, 22 Lkiiicton Street, 
 
 Near tue Iron Briwje, on the lU'siiicii.L. 
 
 A large and growing business is carried on in Easton 
 
 in this special line of manufacture, one of the leading 
 
 establishnrents being that of Mr. J. E. Stair, whose mill, 
 
 located at 22 Lehicton st'eet, near the iron bridge, on 
 the liushkill, has achieved a pnmiincnce second 
 to no other in this section of the valley. The mill 
 which was built in 1876, is of :!2 feet front, with a depth 
 of 80, three story frame, replete with all the latest de- 
 vices and machinery for wood-working purposes, re- 
 quiring a forty h<iise-jiower engine, and giving employ- 
 ment to llfteen workmen. This gentleman began bus- 
 iness some little distance above his present site in I860, 
 and three years later, 1868. his property wa.s entirely 
 consumed by fire, but phoMiix like, lie rose from the 
 ashes, and prosecuted his industry with still greater 
 vigor. The mill now occupied is complete in every de- 
 partment, for the manufacture of Sash, Blinds, Doors, 
 Shutters, Moulding, Stair Hailing and the general vari- 
 ety of planing^mill work, whieh is constantly kept on 
 hand and nuule to order. Mr. Stair also carries on the 
 lumber business, the yard being located adjacent to the 
 mill. He keeps at all times in stock a half-million or 
 more feet of the variotis kinds of lumber, which is held 
 at prices that at onc^e commands the attention of those 
 contemplating the erection of new buildings or making 
 needed improvements in old. This gentleman pur- 
 chases his luml.)er at first hands, in the great lumber re- 
 gions of Will ianisport and Michigan, and is therefore 
 enabled to maintain prices that place him in a most 
 satisfactory position for transacting a large business in 
 this department. 
 
 Mr. Stair is prominently known throughout the 
 county, and for thirty-two years has been a resident of 
 the borough of Easton. He is one of its wide-awake 
 and enterprising business men, and a gentleman known 
 for his integrity and honorable dealing in all bu.siness 
 transactions. 
 
 EDWINS. ST. CLAIR, 
 
 "Scientific Shirt" Manufacturer, Centre 
 
 Sl^UARE. 
 
 One of the iiopular establishments of Easton, and one 
 of growing importance, is that of Mr. Edwin S. St. Clair, 
 who is well known as the nuinufacturer of the "Scien- 
 tific Shirt." He is located in commodious quarters in 
 Centre Square, and is a<'tively engaged in supplying a 
 large and growing demand for this justly popular style 
 of shirts. Among the almost innumerable brands of 
 shirts in the market there is substantially no difference 
 except in name; but Mr. St. Clair has introduced into 
 the manufacture of his specialty several scientific prin- 
 ciples, in the form of the bosom and yoke which combiu- 
 1 ed make a more comfortable, better fitting and better 
 I wearing gnrment, and one which cannot fail to please 
 the most exacting. At present he is conlining his busi- 
 ness to special orders, but is preparing Ui manufacture 
 I and carry in stock a full and complete line of all styles, 
 I sizes and qualities of the "Scientific Shirts," to meet the 
 I wants of his growing trade. Although he only began 
 i business in Nov., 1880, he has, by his emerprise and re- 
 piUation for satisfactory work, siKn-vdod in securing 
 a huge and fastidious patronage, and numbers among 
 his customers many of the leading citizens of Euslon 
 and vicinity. Mr. St. Clair is a muive of Pott»\ ille, and 
 though a young n.au, has lead au aeiive bu»in^,js life. 
 I When only fifteen yv.ais old he cidiattvl as bugler in Co. 
 I L, 7th Pennsylvania CuwiLy; went \>ith Slj^imau to 
 Atlanta, participating in all thcbanlto of thecau^yaigu, 
 and was cue of the actui^at the el^Mngicciii;../ cbe var 
 — the capture of Jeii'. Davis, v\hieh wao etttctcJ near Ir- 
 winsvillo, tJa., by a poiiiou ci the c^.iuiuttiid to whicU 
 he was attached. He is polite and utduuive tu busiucjs, 
 ftuagiicable geutleniaii, ttud «i the Wttnn(\ictuicr <•/ 
 the " Scientific Shirt" his svrvUvd wUl bo in dvui«ud 
 by those who do^iro caso uud oojnda-l in that urticlo, 
 indispeusiblc to a well d:ctsod i;'<-~utl<-'»n«>"— 1'l>o Shirt, 
 
38 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEIIKill VALI.EV. 
 
 J. V. PTOUT, 
 
 Photographer, 307 and 4i>7 Nohthampton 
 
 Street. 
 While overlooking the trades, comineree and manu- 
 factures of this city, we nmst not evade a consideration 
 of the arts as well, in one of which imyyortant branches 
 we find Mr. J. V. Stout engaged, with advantage to 
 himself and the public. He occupies one of the oldest 
 established galleries In the town, it having been started 
 about twenty years ago, coming under the proprietorship 
 of Mr. S. in 1877. The main gallery is situated at 307 Nor- 
 thampton Street, where there are four rooms in every 
 respect adapted to the business. The branch is one square 
 above, at 427 Northampton Street, and here too Mr. Stout 
 also possesses superior facilities for producing fine work. 
 The possession of certain specialties has been a great 
 aid in the acquirement of his celebrity, and renders easy 
 the production of pictures, matchless for beauty, perma- 
 nency and brilliancy. In addition to these advantages 
 Mr. Stout has reliable appliance of great magnitude 
 by which landscape views and buildings are obtained, 
 which he alone, in this city, possesses facilities for mak- 
 ing. A splendid camera contributes greatly to the perfec- 
 tion of the crayon work, for which he receives high en- 
 comium, and aid in giving to his establishment a com- 
 pleteness, rare and desirable. So far as his rooms are con- 
 cerned nothing is left to be desired. Many photographers 
 dislike taking children, as they are at times very trou- 
 blesome and the result so uncertain. But few operators 
 can make their pictures successfully. It requires a pec- 
 uliar "knack" and above all a great amount of patience. 
 This Gallery has made Children a specialty. Mr Stout's 
 operator possesses a natural faculty for taking them ; his 
 chemicals work so quick that no baby can dodge them. 
 The receirtion rooms are spacious, while the operating 
 department is supplied with every appliance and con- 
 venience that can insure the completeness of all work 
 taken. The main gallery is the largest in iown, and proba- 
 bly doing a business equalling all other galleries combic- 
 ed. He employs seven hands, his chief operator be- 
 ing a New York expert, and one of the best in his line. 
 Mr. Stout was born in Easton in 1849 and is in every re- 
 spect a self-made man, his present high standing in 
 the community being the result of his untiring industry 
 and efforts to succeed. For eleven years he was engaged 
 in the insurance business with Mr. J. Opydycke. This 
 partnership was dissolved in 1880 by the retirement of 
 Mr. Stout from the business, to better enable him to 
 give his attention to the photographic art. To this gen- 
 tleman Easton is indebted for the telephone system, 
 which it has in use, he not only having inaugurated the 
 system, but now managing it, the central office being 
 located in an adjoining room to his gallery. This is now 
 not only a matter of convenience for the business men, 
 but a necessity that could not be dispensed with. Mr. 
 Stout, as we have before stated, is a self-made man, hav- 
 ing succeeded to very marked degree in winning the re- 
 spect and esteem of his fellow citizens, at the same time 
 rising from humble beginning, to a position among the 
 responsible business men of the town. 
 
 JACOB WALTER, 
 
 Tekchant Miller, Oitice, 144 South Third 
 Street. 
 Oiu r the old-time business men, and a pioneer in 
 bnil.ling up the milling trade of the borough of Easton, 
 is Mr. .Facob Walter, who f )r the past forty years has 
 been one of our most respected citizens, growing up 
 ■with the manufactiu-iiig interest of the town, and gath- 
 ering anjund him numerous friends, during the many 
 years, who have shown upon many occivsious their ap- 
 preciative confidence in his integrity as a business 
 gentleman and private citizen. Mr. Walter founded 
 what are now kuowu as the "Bushkill Flouring Mills" 
 
 in 1818, the liusiness gradually assuming under liis care- 
 ful guidance and management increased proiiortinn, 
 until in about I8.V1, when he opened in addition to the 
 mill, an office and storehouse upon South Third Street, to 
 better accommodate his trade. In 1869 he again in- 
 creased his facilities by combining a second mill, locat- 
 ed neiu- the original property on Bushkill Creek. Both 
 mills are run by water, each having a turbine wheel of 
 sixty horse power, with an engine of 40 horse power rn 
 reserve, when the stream fails to supply the requisite 
 power. In the new mill there are five run ofs-tone on 
 flour, the other, four run, two on flour and two on feed, 
 and in all departments giving employment to fourteen 
 hands. Mr. Walter is the largest miller in Easton, sup- 
 plying a trade extending for thirty miles around. The 
 grades of flour manufactured at the Bushkill Mills have 
 a standard reputation for superiority— which has been 
 always maintained through the many years of their 
 production, comparing most favorably with the finest 
 brands now in the market. Mr. Walter, at all times 
 carries a large stock at his storehouse, No. 144 South 
 Third Street, from which he supplies the increasing 
 local trade. Few men in Easton, are more highly esteem- 
 ed, than is the gentleman at the head of this industry — 
 he being recognized as a promoter of every movement 
 that will in any manner conduce to the general im- 
 provement or add to the prosperity of his native town. 
 Mr. Walter is not only well and favorable known in the 
 borough of Easton, but in a like manner respected 
 throughout the county and adjoining portions of New 
 Jersey. 
 
 JOHNSTON & WEED, 
 
 New York Store, 348 Northampton Streict. 
 The location of Easton, directly upon the line f)f two 
 prominent Railroads, with a third running north and 
 south through the valley of the Delaware, within close 
 proximity, two important canals leading to the coal re- 
 gions of our great State, and the great marts of the earth, 
 make it a very prominent centre for trade. Here a large 
 scope of surrounding country .seek to purchase the ne- 
 cessaries of life, giving to the city a volume of business 
 made greater than is usually found in similar communi- 
 ties. This fact has prompted the origin of many 
 houses, prominent among those, who have Avithin a 
 few years located here, are Messrs. Johnston & ^\■ccd, 
 dealers in dry goods and notions, they having establish- 
 ed their business in 1879, removing from New York 
 city at that time. The store is 18x90 feet in dimensions, 
 eligibly situated within the centre of the retail business 
 of the town, occupying a portion of the Opera Hou.se 
 building, No. 348 Northampton Street. The firm carry 
 a full line of Dry Goods, Notions and fancy articles for 
 ladies, bought in New York markets, and embrac- 
 ing all the new and desirable styles in these goods. 
 Their acquaintances with the leading wholesale houses 
 in that city, places them in the most advantageous posi- 
 tion for receiving the finest and choicest of all goods, as 
 soon as introduced, which not only secures to their 
 house a most desirable stock at all times, but enables 
 them to compete in all matters with rival houses. 
 They employ continually in their establishment eight 
 hands, all of whom possess a thorough knowledge of the 
 goods handled. The senior member of the firm Mr. 
 Johnston, was born in New Jersey, but was for many 
 years, prior to removal to Easton, in business in New 
 York city. :Mr. Weed is a native of Connecticut. Both 
 of these gentlemen are active and enterprising business 
 men, displaying in the management of the "New York 
 Store" that push and vim so common to those who liavo 
 ever felt the influence of the great activity displayed by 
 citizens of the Metropolis. 
 
P.ESOT'KOF.S OF THE LKHIGII VALLEY. 
 
 39 
 
 KELLER'S INDIAN VEGETABLE RESTORATIVE, 
 
 Thomas A. KEi.i.iiE, 1'koprietok, 167 S:tgreaves 
 Stkeet. 
 
 Whoever places witbin the reach of .siifTeringhiimftuity 
 a specific remedy for iiiiy of tlie various "ills that flesh 
 is heir to" is no less a public beuofactor than the skilled 
 physician who devotes his abilities to the treatment of 
 the multitude of diseases. Keller's Indian Vegetable Re- 
 storative for Dyspepsia, Fever and Ague, and Liver Com- 
 plaint, is most decidedly such a specific. 
 
 It doesnot claim tobe acnrc-all, and is not in any 
 sense a quack nostrum, but a specific remedy, which 
 for over t\VMity-five years has been prepared and sold 
 in the vicinity of Easton. The benefits resulting from 
 its use being attested by thousands. 
 
 This medicine was first prepared by Mr. Keller's 
 father, and for many years, was simply a neighborhood 
 remedy, but the constantly increasing demand has at 
 last induced the proprietor to make arrangements for 
 manufacturing it on an extensive scale, and to place it 
 generally on the market. 
 
 It is jjarticularly as a remedy for malaria and Fever 
 and Ague that we desire to call attention in this article. 
 To those who reside in sections where Malaria 
 abounds, a reniedy in which they could place confid- 
 ence would be of untold value. One needs to have 
 shivered with the Ague in the morning, and toss with 
 the raging fever in the afternoon, regularly, day after 
 day, for months, to know what it is. To wake in the 
 morning knowing that at such an hour the chill is cer- 
 tainly coming, and to dread, through the weary hours 
 of the day, the fever that will surely follow, this must 
 be known by experience before one can appreciate 
 what is meant when a cure, sure and certain is promis- 
 ed for the present, and an unfailing remedy for the 
 future is offered. For this disease the proprietor of the 
 Indian Vegetable Restorative guarantees a cure in every 
 instance, or is willing to refund the cost of the medicine. 
 In no single instance, when it has been tested during 
 the past twenty-five years has it failed to work a com- 
 plete cure. It is free from any poisonous mineral sub- 
 stance, being purely vegetable iu its composition, and 
 its use leaves the patient free from t\e debilitating ef- 
 fects of (iuinine, which is almost worse than the disease. 
 The proprietor is prepared to furnish the Restorative 
 in quantities to Druggists or families. Though compara- 
 tively only a short ti*ie before the public the sale has 
 already assumed large proportions, and is rapidly in- 
 creasing as the merits of the compound are becoming 
 more widely known. 
 
 To persons suffering from Ague, or to families and 
 dealers living in sections where malaria prevails, this 
 remedy is particularly worthy of attention and trial. 
 
 JOHN ABEL, 
 
 Pure Confectionery, 237 Northampton Street. 
 In every commercial centre the luxury goes side and 
 side with the necessity, and there are seen equally as 
 large enterprises for the sale of one as of the other. This 
 is as it should be, as the .Vmerican people are very de- 
 sirous in their e very-day life to possess for their com fort 
 or tastes as much of the luxuries as can be secured. A- 
 mong the houses in Easton that are devoted to the man- 
 ufacture and sale of these articles, can be mentioned 
 that of Mr. John Abel, who occui)ies the leading posi- 
 tion, as a Manufacturer and Wholesale and Retail Deal- 
 er in I'nre Confectionery. This house was establislied 
 «bout 1S;'.0 by Mr. I'eler Tellier, the present proprietor 
 connecting himself witli the business in l.S;;."i, and now 
 possessing facilities for the manufacture of lliese goods 
 so nnicli in advance of other houses, that he feels con- 
 iidcnt that, with the complete line of the latest and 
 most JBiproved labor saving machinery, he can offer 
 
 goods of the best quality, and at prices to suit the closest 
 buyers. He manufactures a full line of plain goods of 
 all varieties, including a large assurtment of pure sugar 
 toys and fruits for the general trade. He has the larg- 
 est and finest assortment of French Confections to be 
 found in Easton, and makes a specialty of Cream Taffy, 
 Caramels and Fine Chocolates, also a full line of Toys, 
 Baby Carriages, Velocipedes, Balls, Bats, etc. 
 
 Mr. Abel is the proprietor of an elegant Ice Cream 
 Parlor immediately in rear of store, in which he furuish- 
 e* his celebrated make of Creams. He pays particular 
 attention to this department of the trade, and is the rec- 
 ognized head of the business in the town. 
 
 Mr. Abel occupies a large store at No. 237 Northamp- 
 ton Street, employing in the various departments eight 
 hands, the whole under his personal supervision. His 
 long career has not only made him thoroughly 
 acquainted with every demand of the trade, but firmly 
 established himself in the respect and esteem of his fel- 
 low citizens. 
 
 EVAN BUCHMAN, 
 
 Lehigh Sash Factory and Lumber Yard 
 Office, 31 South Front Street. 
 
 The enterprise displayed by those engaged in the 
 Lumber trade at Easton has been, ami is of such an 
 active and aggressive character as to center at this point 
 an enormous trade, and give every assurance of rapid 
 increase and development. Many operators in this 
 direction are now transacting a business that involves 
 a large amount of capital and results in a product, the 
 dimensions of which are most impressive. 
 
 Among such, Mr. Evan Buchman must be accorded 
 a conspicuous and justly prominent position, as one of 
 Easton's pioneers iu this line of industry. The Planing 
 Mill business conducted by Mr. Buchman was originat- 
 ed by him in -837, with an extremely limited capital 
 and small resource, his location at that time being.upon 
 Dock Street. The admirable location for the trade, 
 however, and the superior talent and industry of its 
 founder, soon caused the business to flourish, and es- 
 pecially within the last decade, when the success has 
 been very emphatic. In 1875 he built the mill now oc- 
 cupied, on Ferry Street, and at once removed his busi- 
 ness thereto, being thus enabled to meet with a greater 
 degree of promptness the requirements of his patrons. 
 This building has a dimension of 42x80 feet, two-story 
 and a-half frame, with stone abutments, and fitted with 
 every needful appliance for the rapid manufacture of all 
 Planing Mill work, requiring iu the motive of the same 
 an engine of forty-horse power. Here he has employed 
 twelve skilled mechanics. 
 
 .\nother branch of Mr. Buchman interests is the lum- 
 ber business, the yard being located on Front street, 
 where he carries iu stock, about four hundred thousand 
 feet of hnnber, the greater part of which being well stor- 
 ed under cover, keeping it in condition for immediate 
 building use. In association with other gentlemen, he 
 has been engaged in the lumber trade for many years, 
 coming into the sole proprietorship of the present yard 
 in 1871, and successfully carrying it on since that period. 
 
 .\t the lumber yard, he has his office, occupying a two- 
 story frame building, No. 31 South Front Street. 
 
 Mr. Buchman was born in Lehigh County, and came 
 to Easton over thirty years ago. In all respects Mr. 
 Buchman is entitled to the highest credit, and may prop- 
 erly be regarded as a self-made man. 
 
 .-Vmong his fellow citizens he bears an unimpeachable 
 reputation as a gentleman of honor and integrity in the 
 illustration of which, it may be mentioned, that he was 
 selected by them, as one of the commissioners for the 
 construction of uew water works. 
 
40 
 
 RLSOUIICES OF THE LEHIGH VAl.LKV. 
 
 VViM. H. KELLER, 
 
 Pianos and Organs, i.'!' Nouthamptojt 
 Street. 
 A careful examination of the industries of 
 Easton, reveals the fact that many enterprises 
 are carried on which demand special attention, 
 and will arouse the interest nf the reader by the 
 prominence which they luu'O achieved. Of such 
 the Piano and Organ wilc^nioiu, of Mr. William H. 
 Keller, at No. 1.59 Nortlianit)ton Street, becomes a 
 fit theme for remark. 
 
 In 1875 he opened his establishment with a de- 
 termination to give to Easton, one of the largest 
 and best managed depots for the sale of Pianos 
 and Organs to be found in Northeastern Penn- 
 sylvania, and it is a gratifying fact to be able to 
 state that in this respect he has been successful. 
 He occupies a large sale and store room, in 
 dimensions, 26x50 feet, which gives ample 
 opportunity for the display of an extensive as- 
 sortment of these instruments. His stock of 
 Square and Upright Piano-Fortes, are all from 
 the besl manufacturers, including the celebrated Weber 
 and Schomacker (gold string.s), James & Holstrom, 
 Pease & Co., Christie & Co. and Grand Central, and are 
 without exception of the best pianos manufactured. 
 They all have Overstrung Bass, FuM Iron Frame. French 
 Grand Action, Fret Desk, Carved Pedal, Solid Rosewood 
 ^Moulding, Ivory Key Fronts, Capped Hammers, Agraffe 
 Treble and every modern improvement. The manu- 
 facturers use materials of the most approved excellence 
 in every part of these Pianos, and Mr. Keller is enabled 
 to guarantee them for six years, a length of time al- 
 most tniknown with any other dealer. 
 
 In addition to the stock of Pianos, he displays a fine 
 variety of Parlor and Church Organs, of the following 
 well-known makers: Mason & Hamlin, .Smith .Ameri- 
 can, Wilcox it White. Peloubet & Co., New England Co., 
 and George Woods & Co., in rich cases of newest designs 
 and styles. An attractive feature of the display is the 
 handsome little instrument manufactiu-ed by the Mas- 
 on & Hamlin Company.styled the "Baby Cabinet Organ" 
 which though small in frame, possesses the sweet tones 
 and almost equal power of the large ones. Mr. Keller 
 keeps con.stantly in stock instruments to the value of 
 from *s,(j(xj to I10,nr)n, embracing an assortment of 
 unusual size and superiority. 
 
 By this enterprise tlieeitizens of Easton and surrotnid- 
 ing coinitry are supplied with an emporium giving 
 them the same advantages to be secured at the houses 
 of the metroiiiilitau cities. 
 
 In addition to the Piano and Organ business, he is the 
 proprietor of a large Book and Stationerv store at No. 219 
 Norihampton Street, which he established in 1875. The 
 stock includes the best and cheapest assortment of 
 School, Standard and Miscellaneous Books to be found 
 in Easton, at i)riccs guaranteed to be the lowest. X 
 large variety of Stationery. Blank Books, Photograph 
 and Antogrni)li Albums, and Fancy Articles are kept 
 constantly on hand for his trade, which is daily grow- 
 ing in pr(ii)()rti()ns; here lie has also, a stock of Violins, 
 Banjos. Flutes, Slieut Music, Violin, Guitar and Banjo 
 Strings and everything in the music line. The store 
 has a doul)lc front, •Jiix-15 feet in dimensions and pos- 
 WS.SCS every facility for the business. 
 
 Mr. Keller is a native cf Easton. having been born in 
 18-11, and is now one of its most active citizens. He is 
 popularly known thro\ighout the entire .section, his 
 extensive business relations with its people giving him 
 a repii'ii'i' n for fair dealing, that has made him hosts 
 of t it I . and those who efl'ect transactions with eithei 
 of Ills h.Mises will derive advantages ihat cannot be sur- 
 pj^sscd el.sewhcre. 
 
 SEEM'S SLATE QUARRY, 
 
 Office ]4;^> South Fourth Street. 
 
 The development of the Slate business in this county 
 within the past quarterof a century has been wonderful, 
 and we now see this important product of our mineral 
 wealth in use upon every hand. Within the Lehigh 
 Valley there are many Slate Quarries, probably more 
 than in any other section of the country, and to it the- 
 world owes much for the superior quality of Slate now 
 in use. Prominent among the number in this section,, 
 is that owned by Mr. Samuel Seem, located eight miles 
 north of Easton, on the Stockertown Road. This Quarry- 
 w^as open in 1851, by a gentleman named Haas, who 
 continued to develope it until 18()1, wlien it was purchas- 
 ed by Mr. Peter Beisel. Five years later, Mr. Seem suc- 
 ceeded to the ownership, and has since that time brought 
 the product into favorable competition with other quar- 
 ries. 
 
 The quarry contains si.xteeu acres of land, and the 
 supply is apparently ine.xhaustable, the bed being now 
 120 feet deep, with every indication that the slate ex- 
 tends to a depth of 500 feet. The quarry produces an 
 average of fifty sqtiares per day, employing thirty-five 
 hands, and deriving the power for the machinery from 
 a forty-five horse engine. The slate fromSeem's quar- 
 ry has been tested forabout thirty years, and has proved 
 to be the very best quality. The color is dark blue, 
 which is unfading, and does not rot, as some inferior 
 slate is known to do. It is very generally in use for 
 rooting and pavements, and as it does not absorb water,. 
 as practical tests have proven, is better adapted for this- 
 purpose than many slates now in the market. In addi- 
 tion, Mr. Seem manufactures it into fence posts, whicli 
 are not only ornamental but practicably imperishable. 
 
 The yard is located at the corner of Fourth and Le- 
 high streets, where is carried an extensive assortment 
 of slate, three wagons being constantly employed ia 
 transporting it from the quarry. Mr. Seem is fully pre- 
 pared to put on Slate Roofs in any part of the coinitry, 
 and guarantees all work performed. The office is loca- 
 ted at 14:5 South Fourth Street. 
 
 Mr. Seem, the head of this extensive enterprise, was 
 born in Kriedersville, Northampton County, in IS-Jl.and 
 at an early age entered a country store as clerk, 
 where he remained \nitil he reached his twenty-first 
 year. At this pcrioil he be.gan the general store busines.'i 
 for himself ami continued it until purchasing the quar- 
 ry in IMKi. He is also interested in the Chapman Slate 
 Quany. and tor many years transacted l)usiuess at that 
 jMiint In till' slati' business he is rec gnizcd as a vepre- 
 sentativo dealer by the trade. 
 
TlESOUnOR-^ 01' THE I.EHIGH VA7.LEY. 
 
 41 
 
 STEWART & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of Wire, South Easton. 
 
 In approaching Easton from the West, the passengers 
 in the trains of the Lehigh Valley road are attracted by 
 the many buildings stretched along on the narrow 
 strip of land lying between the canal and river, indicat- 
 ing by their appearance the scene of some busy industry. 
 
 Inquiry would soon make them acquainted with the 
 fact that these are the well-known Wire Mills of Stewart 
 & Co., that have exercised so important a part in the 
 resources of the valley for forty years. 
 
 The mills, as have already been stated, are situated 
 upon the banks of the canal of the Lehigh Coal and 
 Navigation Company, within the Borough of South East- 
 on, where they were originally started in 18o7. at that 
 time for the manufacture of nails, the-projectors of the 
 enterprise being .John Stewart, Charles Rodenbough 
 John Green and others. Their nails were made from 
 the best Juniata bloom iron, and soon became known 
 in the market as the best, and of course, brought into 
 competition many other manufacturers, who had no 
 hesitancy in using inferior metal in their production, 
 and by this means being enabled to place them in the 
 hands of dealers at much lower figures than they were 
 able to do. In con.sequence of the high prices of this 
 first-class material and also of parties manufacturing 
 inferior stock. an<l underselling the market, it became 
 a que stion of relinquishing their rule of using no infer- 
 ior iron, and tliey abandoned the nail trade, and enter- 
 ed into the manufacture of wire, still adhering to the 
 policy of using none but No. 1 material. 
 
 The works at first produced about 25,0()0 bundles of 
 wire uunually, and the increase has been steady and 
 gradual until they now turn out annually 1.!.').IX)0 bun- 
 dles. The owners use nothing >)Ut the V)est charcoal 
 iron in the manufacture of their wire, it being obtained 
 principally in the States of Pennsylvania. New .Jersey, 
 New York and Maryland, witli some as far off as Cana- 
 da. When the firm commenced the manufacture of 
 wire, they employed only forty-five hands, which num- 
 ber has been increa.sed from time to time until they 
 now employ one hundred and seventy-five, and with 
 the approved methods now in use, clearly illustrating 
 the progress tlie.se works have made and evincing the 
 superior management that Inis ccinductiMl its attiiirs. 
 
 In 18(i(l. in order to meet the demands of tlieir increa.s- 
 ing trade, it was neces.sary to add anotlier mill to the 
 
 works, and in 1S70 still another w^as requisite. Thes^ 
 buildings are now known as Mills Nos. 1, 2, and 3, and 
 has a frontage of eleven hundred feet, which does not 
 include a nmnber of smaller buildings in u.se by the 
 firm. The works are run entirely by water power, this 
 being derived from the canal adjacent, and have now 
 in operation three rolling mills, and the same number 
 of wire mills, employing in the prosecution of the eu 
 terprise about S200,000 capital. 
 
 The firm as originally established in 1837, remained with 
 out change until 18.52 when Mr. Charles Rodenbougl-. 
 retired from the firm, and the business title was changeii 
 .■Stewart & Co. In 1864 Mr. John Stewart, though still 
 retaining an interest, relinquished his active indentifi- 
 cation with the works, after having being connected 
 with them fcjr a period of twenty-seven years. The 
 (inn, as now constituted, C(miprise Messrs. John Stewart 
 Charles Stewart, Clement Stewart, and the heirs of John 
 Cireen. 
 
 These mills form a very important industry of the Le- 
 high Valley, and add to its prosperity in no little degree. 
 The gentlemen who are at the heail of the enterimsc, 
 have succeeded by their established rules and fixed 
 principles in not only building up a superior industry, 
 but have made for them.selves a name among the lead- 
 ing reputable manufacturers of the Couutrv. 
 
 DANIEL G. FULMER. 
 
 Manufacturer of Mii.i. Pick.s, No. 427 Spring 
 Garden Street. 
 
 Among the manufacturers of Kaston the enterprise of 
 Mr. Fulmer, although not as extensive as some others, 
 deserves mention as being the only one of the kind in 
 the town. 
 
 The business was established by his father Mr. Joseph 
 Fulmer in 18.")!, the present proprietor working with his 
 father until 1871, when he a.ssuined control of the busi- 
 ness. He now does all the work for about one hundred 
 of the prominent millers of this section, and his Picks 
 are well known throughout New Jersey and Eastern 
 Pennsylvania. He devotes himself entirely to this bus- 
 iness, and employs several hands. 
 
 Mr. Fidnier is a native of Easton, and is highly ea- 
 tcemeil as a straiglitforward businessman. 
 
42 
 
 llESOUUCKS OF THE LEHIGH VAI.l.KV 
 
 EASTON BRASS WORKS, 
 
 William Young, Proprietor, Corner Church 
 
 and sitg reaves streets. 
 An industry that has done much to give Easton a 
 name abroad, is that known as "Easton Brass Works," 
 William Young, Proprietor, manufacturer of and dealer 
 in all kinds of Brass Goods. The works are located at 
 the corner of Church and Sitgreaves Streets, where they 
 were established in 1874, and now occupy a two-story 
 brick building, 25 by 40 feet dimensions. The various 
 departments of the indu.stry are fitted with new and 
 improved machinery for the production of the specialty 
 ofgoods manufactured, the whole being driven by a 
 Baxter engine of ten horse-power, and giving employ- 
 ment to six skilled mechanics. The proprietor, Mr. 
 Young, is the patentee of a valuable invention known 
 as "Young's Water and Gas Main Tapping Machine," 
 
 which is pronounced by experts to be the most useful 
 article ever invented for the purpose. With this ap- 
 paratus the main pipe is drilled and tapped, the ser- 
 vice pipe screwed in and connection made in one opera- 
 tion, and this without shutting off the water or chang- 
 ing tools. The large number of these machines in use 
 by water and gas companies and leading plumbing 
 ■houses attest its great superiority over o^aer tools in 
 use for the same purpose. Mr. Young is also the pat- 
 entee and sole manufacturer of a new Wrought Iron 
 Lift and Force Pump for deep wells, which commends 
 
 llseii tor iigntness, strength and ciurabiUty. It can be 
 adapted to any place or position where a pump is de- 
 
 sired. The cylinder beiiiv; made of brass, it works 
 smoothly and will last longer without discoloring the 
 water. At the Centennial Exhibition it received the 
 highest award for merit, for the fi)llowing reasons, viz: 
 "The tastily designed and durable combination of gas 
 pipe, pipe tittings and special castings to form a deep 
 well pump." 
 
 Mr. Young has a commodious warehouse alongside 
 of the works, where he keii)s in stock a large supply of 
 Brass Goods, Pumps, etc., as well as the celebrated Bax- 
 ter Engines, and Water Motors for Sewing Machines 
 and Church Organs, Ac, for which he is the agent. 
 
 He is also the inventor of a Steam Boiler and Appar- 
 atus for thawing frozen water pipes under ground, also 
 of a Hinged Face Hot Air Register, so adapted as to be 
 opened and the feet placed in for warming and which 
 also admits of the removal of accumulated dust from 
 register, also a compression Swing Basin Cock and a 
 Rain Water Cut-off. These inventions are very valu- 
 able in their way and must come into prominent use. 
 In addition Mr. Young is also associated in the manu- 
 facture of Harrington's Anti-Friction Metal, which is 
 one of the greatest achievements of the age. It can be 
 furnished of the hardness of glass or so soft as to be used 
 in drawing wire. Has been pronounced by experts as 
 superior to Phosphor-Bronze as an anti-friction metal 
 being more durable, cheaper, less cutting on the weeks 
 of rolls and must eventually .supercede many of the 
 Anti-Friction metals of the day. His Patent Caudle 
 Stick and Lantern with 
 Mica Chimney is also 
 a very useful and valu- 
 able article, also his 
 Self-Acting Hydrant 
 Valve, w h i c h in the 
 event of particles clog- 
 ging the pipes can be 
 taken out and cleaned 
 and all obstacles re- 
 m ;>ved without shut- 
 ting off' the water: very 
 valuable in tenement 
 houses or large build- 
 ings where only one 
 main is used. 
 Mr. Young is a native 
 of Ireland and a deseendent of the Scotch-Irish portion 
 of that country. He came to Easton twenty-five 
 years ago as a plumber and did the first plumbing 
 work in many parts of the Valley, notably at AUentown, 
 Catasauqua and Bethlehem. He subsequently estab- 
 lished the Eivston Brass Works, and at this time it 
 would be safe to say, that no similar concern in the 
 Lehigh Valley enjoys a better reputation for the char- 
 acter of its work. 
 
 HAPGOOD, HAY & CO., 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Boots, Shoes 
 AND Rubbers, 339 Northa.mpton Street. 
 
 It is only when making the careful review of each in- 
 dividual establishment engaged in promoting the com- 
 mercial interests of the city, that one is most forcibly 
 struck with the magnitude, importance and success of 
 many enterprises, which make but little show to the 
 superficial ob.'^ervers. 
 
 A notable illustration of this statement, is the mam- 
 onth house of Hapgood, Hay it Co., wholesale and retail 
 dealers in Boots, Shoes and Rubber^s, at33y Northampton 
 Street. This establishment was founded in lS7ti, under 
 the firm name of J. Cartis & Co., of which Mr. Hapgood 
 was the resident and managing head. This firm estab- 
 lished a flue business and continued until February, 1878, 
 when the firm name was cliiuiged to C. M. Hapgood <& 
 
RESOUnCES' OF PH K LKHTGH VALLP:Y. 
 
 43 
 
 Co., by the retirement of Mr. Cartis whose interest was 
 purchased by Mr. Hay. This title was again changed 
 in ISSO to that nf TIap<?ood, Ilay it Co.. which Was no 
 chanire of interest but simply a chansrc of title. Year 
 by year the trade of this honsc has been extended, and 
 its facilities increased nnder the able management of 
 Mr. Ilaiigood until it became by far the leading estab- 
 lishment of the kind in Eastou. The firm display an 
 enterprise in the introduction of new styles, and the 
 promptitude with which they avail themselves of every 
 nsefid or novel innovation has became a matter of wide 
 repute, loading to the enhancement of their trade, 
 ■which iucrea.se has compelled them to add to their 
 facilities by the securing additional salesmen, they now 
 having in all departments nine employees, three of 
 whom represent the house abroad. They carry a large 
 stock of gc >ods for their wholesale trade, being the direct 
 agents of many of the prominent Boot and Shoe man- 
 ufacturers of the country, including a very general var- 
 iety of goods carried under this head. While giving 
 their principal attention to their wholesale department, 
 they do not neglect that devotod to retail, displaying in 
 their store the finest and choicest of their wholesale 
 stock, making it without doubt one of the largest and 
 best managed Retail Emporiums in this community, 
 and it would be difficult to find a Boot and Shoe store so 
 thoroughly equipped, ora firm who furnishes their trade 
 with a better class of goods. The trade of this house 
 extends over the Central and Southern portion of New 
 Jersey, over the entire State of Pennsylvania except a 
 portion near Philadelphia, and over the whole of Ohio. 
 Few establishments, have ever succeeded in so short a 
 time in building up so extensive a trade. 
 
 They have entirely out-grown their present quarters 
 (a large three-story building,) and are now engaged in 
 erecting an addition which will give them one of the 
 largest Stores in the trade. 
 
 When c'mpleted the building will be of two-stories, 
 two hundred and twenty feet long, with a basement 
 under the whole length and two lofts 24 by 100 giving 
 12,%0 square feet of floor room, and making a large and 
 well arranged store, complete in every detail. 
 
 Mr. C. JI. Hapgood is a native of Vermont, bom in 
 18-1.5 he enlisted in the Vermont Brigade at sixteen years 
 of age, serving till the close of the War. On his return 
 from the army he settled in Boston, engaging in the 
 wholesale Boot and Shoe trade, where he remained un- 
 til he was burned out in the big fire of 1872. When he 
 removed to Easton, and has ever since been associated 
 with its business interest. 
 
 ilr. Jacob Hay is a native of Ea.ston, and at the head 
 of the well known Wholesale Dry Goods and Notion 
 House of J. Hay & Son, widely and honorably known. 
 
 These gentlemen possess superior business abilities, 
 and a knowledge of trade gained by many years of mer- 
 cantile life, and are closely identified with the promi- 
 nent manufacturers of their goods. 
 
 A. J. ODENWELDER, 
 
 Wholesale a.vl> Ri.tail Druggist, Corner 
 
 FOCRTH AND NORTHAV I'luN StrEKT.s. 
 
 Prominent among the many fine establishments of 
 Easton will be found the above thriving house. Began 
 in 18-10 by Thomas Pomp it has been the property of 
 successive proprietors each in his turn maintaining its 
 high reputation until its managment devolved upim the 
 present proprietor, Mr. A. J. Odenwelder, who, serious- 
 ly in a spirit of just emulation has strived to maintain 
 the high character of the establishment assumed the 
 proprietorship in 1871. He brought to the management 
 of its afiairs a thorough knowledge of the business gain- 
 ed from an experience of many years, his connection 
 with the business however dates from the proprietor- 
 
 ship of Mr. T. J. Casper, with whom he was associated 
 as (I clerk, for <|iiitc a iniiii))er oi years. The stock 
 carric<i l>y this house is t!ic c(inal in its variety and pur- 
 ity of any house in tiie country and embraces articles 
 from the accessories of a ladies' toilet to the heavy and 
 bulky articles, such as Paints, Oils, Glass and Putty. 
 
 His jobbing trade extends to all parts of the adjacent 
 country and is steadily increa.siiig. In his prescription 
 department he enjoys the confidence of our leading 
 Physicians ami the ''ilronagj of the representative peo- 
 ple of the community, who can place implicit reli- 
 ance upon the purity and freshness of his drugs and 
 the care and experience exercised in the putting up of 
 all preparations. In his stock may also be fouml a full 
 line of sponges, patent preparations of standard value 
 and all articles pertaining to the drug business, taken 
 as a wholcrfew if any of the housesof this character in 
 this section of the country take so prominent a position 
 for excellence of stock on call in compounding as this 
 establishment. 
 
 Mr. A. J. Odenwelder is a native of Northampton Co., 
 Pa., but has resided in Easton for many years and is 
 well and favorably known to the citizens of this com- 
 munity as a gentleman of deserved reputation, as a 
 druggist capable in every respect, and as a citizen alive 
 to all measures pertaining to the welfare and prosperity 
 of Easton. 
 
 JOHN SEMPLE. 
 
 Wholesale Dealer IN Burning and Lttbricat- 
 ING Oils, Office and Works Corner Sitgreaves 
 and Lehigh Streets. 
 
 The oil trade in this section of Pennsylvania is well 
 represented by Mr. John Semple, w'hose office and 
 works are located at the corner of Sitgreaves and Le- 
 high Streets, Easton. The business was established in 
 1863 by Heath, Fangboner & Clay, who were succeeded 
 by Mr. A. J. Fangboner, one of the original founders of 
 the business, who conducted it until the time of his 
 death, when it came under the control of Mr. John 
 Semple, the present proprietor. 
 
 The trade as now conducted consists in supplying 
 at wholesale all kinds of burning, and lubricating Oils, 
 and a large and extensive business reaching ovec 3,000 
 barrels per annum is disposed of in Easton and viciuity 
 alone. The works and storehouse are substantially con- 
 structed of brick and are provided with all the neecess- 
 ary apparatus for the business, and containing a tank 
 having a capacity of 600 barrels. 
 
 Mr. Semple is a native of New Jersey, where he was 
 bom in 1822 and in his younger days served as a clerk 
 in a general store. In 1871 he first engaged in the oil 
 burners and since that lime has become very successful 
 and one of the leading oil dealers in the Lehigh Val- 
 ley. Mr. Semple has always been an active, energetic 
 and enterprising man, and previous to his embarking 
 in the oil trade was in the iron bu.siness, and he in 
 connection with others erected the Delaware Rolling 
 Mill at Phillip5.burg, N. J. 
 
 During the summer months he is engaged in buying 
 and selling steam engines and machinery. In this 
 branch of business he has gained a higli reputation, as 
 being thoroughly familiar with machiuery is enabled 
 to oHer inducements ami is capable of judging exactly 
 what is requia*d by those in want of such services. 
 
 Since he has resided in Easton he has always fostered 
 and materially a.ssisted in every improvement, that 
 would result in the adviuiceraent of the welfare of the 
 general public. He is liberal and public spirited, to a 
 degree, and is highly esteemed by a large circle of 
 friends and is .straightforward and honorable in all bus- 
 iness transactions. 
 
44 
 
 r.ESOLnicKSOFTHK i,i-:hic;ji yai.i.kv 
 
 COE A CO.. 
 
 Manufacturers of Jewelry, 220 Bup^'" m, 
 Street. 
 
 Amoug the thriving towns located in t'le Lehigh Vnl- 
 ley, Eastou seems possessed of many facilities for Mer- 
 cantile pursuits and Manufacturing, not accorded lo 
 other communities, and within the past year its peo- 
 ple appear to have appreciated their advantages more 
 than ever before, the fact being demonstrated by the 
 establishment of a number of new industries, among 
 wliich is the firm of Coe & Co., niaiuifacturers of Jewelry, 
 who opened their works in April, 1881, at No. 220 Bush- 
 kill .^treet. The factory is h cated in rear of the above, 
 and is a two-story brick building, 20x27 feet in dimen- 
 sions, furnished throughout with all the modern appli- 
 ance for the manufacture of all kinds of Fine Gold and 
 Roll Plate Jewelry. The machinery being new and 
 combining the latest improvements for the production 
 of these goods, the firm were at once placed upon a 
 basis to compete with older establishments, and at an 
 early day secured a reputation for superior goods. The 
 works are run l)y a ten horse power engine and employ 
 thirty-five hands, the greater part of whom are skilled 
 artizans. The firm contemplate manufacturing about 
 $10(1.000 worth of goods the first year, the capacity of the 
 works, however, are such as to enable them to increase 
 this amount to one million dollars whenever desired. 
 The articles manufactured are of various designs and 
 patterns, and when they are able to get ahead of their 
 orders, will keep in stock all kinds of Gold and Silver 
 Jewelry, Badges, Seals, etc.. This enterprise is the pio- 
 neer of its kind in this section, and will doubtless prove 
 one of the most important industries located in Easton 
 and will do much to promote the prosperity of the 
 place. 
 
 The head of the firm, Mr. George R. Coe was born at 
 Boonton, N. J., and learned the trade of Engraver and 
 Badge Maker, in New York City, where he worked un- 
 til 1871, when he came to Eastou and established the 
 Jewelry business in Porter's Block, South Third Street. 
 Upon starting the manufactory he relinquished the re- 
 tail trade and devoted his whole time and energies to 
 its success. He is a young man possessing a thorough 
 practical knowledge of the Jewelry trade, and as he is 
 personally in charge of the works, it is a guarantee that 
 all goods will be up to a high standard of excellence. 
 
 Mr. William R. Wilson, a partner, is a native of Pais- 
 ley, Scotland, and has been connected with Mr. Coe in 
 the Jewelry business for five years. He is Secretary of 
 the Warren Foundry and Machine Company, located at 
 Phillipsburgh, N. J., and a gentleman of worth and en- 
 terprise. 
 
 The third member of the firm, is Mr. Andrew Smith, 
 of Easton, who in addition to the Jewelry business, 
 builds the patterns used by the Warren Foundry and 
 Machine Company. 
 
 This firm is thoroughly capable of making this indus- 
 try, the equal of any in the county and the city. They 
 are reliable gentlemen in every respect, and dealers in 
 these goods by opening trade direct with them, will se- 
 cure at all times prompt filling of orders and the ut- 
 most satisfaction. 
 
 THOMAS T.MILLER., 
 
 Importer and Whole.sale Dealer in Hardware 
 
 Cutlery, Guns, &c., 30 North Fourth Street. 
 
 Among the prominent Wholesale Dealers and Jobbers 
 
 of Easton, the Hardware house of Mr. Thomas T. Miller 
 
 d>isevves an important mention, being the leading house 
 
 m this line. 
 
 It was established in 1856, by the present proprietor, 
 ill a small store opposite its present location, with a mod- 
 crate capital and very little trade. By successful man. 
 
 I agemcnl tlic bu.sincss rapidly as>umed ijroportions, un- 
 1 til the old quarters were insufficient to acconio<late the 
 I demands of the trade, and a removal was made to the 
 i present location. The building is here divided into two 
 I department.-, \» ith a front of thirty-seven feet, and a 
 •Icpth of .seventy feet. In addition to the room afforded 
 in this building, Mr. Miller occupies three store-houses, 
 tu'o in rear of store, the othir upon the opposite side of 
 the street. The sto(;k of goods carried is unusually large 
 and outside the general articles of Hardware, includes 
 the Au.sable, Glolje and Vulcan Horn Nails, Heller's, 
 Rowland's a • I Ames' Shovels, Black Diamond Files, 
 Branford Louks, Easton Lock Company's Goods, Burden 
 and Perkins" Horse Shoes, and Table and Pocket Cutlery. 
 This is tlie only house in Easton that confines itself 
 to the wholesale of Hardware, exclusively, and was the 
 lirst wholesale Hardware house established in Penn- 
 sylvania outside of Philadelphia. Few establishments 
 anywhere carry a larger or finer stock, a fact that is very 
 generally accepted, their trade extending from Elizabeth 
 and Newark, N. J. to Elmira, N. Y., through Northern 
 Jersey and Northeastern Pennsylvania. The annual 
 sales of the house aggregates between S100,000 and $200,- 
 000, and is gradually assuming greater proportions. 
 
 Mr. Miller was born in Monroe County, Pa., Novem- 
 ber 25th, 1825, and upon reaching his eighteenth year, 
 entered a store in his native County. In 1810 he came 
 to Easton, and two years later commenced business as a 
 general storekeeper, in which he remained until starting 
 the present successful enterprise. He is well known 
 in the commercial circles of the community, and the 
 house of which he is the founder, occupies a position to 
 which it is entitled by force of an enlightened business 
 policy. He is a director of the First National Bank, of 
 Easton, and a member of the State Board of Managers 
 of the Young Men's Christian Association, as well as 
 Presideutof the Young Men's Christian Association of 
 Easton. No citizen of the city is more highly esteemed, 
 or has a larger circle of friends. 
 
 Mr. Miller is assisted in his business by his son Ed- 
 ward Millera young man of much ability, who has been 
 in his father's store since 1869 and is thoroughly conver- 
 sant with all branches of the trade. 
 
 EASTON MARBLE COMPANY, 
 
 Office No. 212 South Fourth Street. Mill on 
 
 Dock Street. 
 The extraordinary advantages conferred upon Easton 
 by its natural position, with reference to its railway 
 system, of which it is the centre, as well as the benefit it 
 derives from a direct water connection by canal to the 
 Atlantic sea-board and the great coal regions of the in- 
 terior State, are such as to promote and foster industries 
 that, in a less fortunate locality, would have but few 
 opportunities for growth or development. This ac- 
 counts for the diversity of the enterprises which are 
 carried on in the vicinity, and among which we note as 
 a useful branch of business, the Easton Marble Works, 
 located on Dock Street, along the Lehigh River. This 
 enterprise was founded in 1873 by the present company, 
 who now occupy a main building of frame, one-and- 
 a-half stories in height, 60x40 feet, with an engine hou © 
 adjoining 16x54 feet and an additional building of 32x20 
 feet. The marble is received in the rougli state direct 
 from the quarries, the bulk of that sawed at these works 
 being from Italy and Vermont, a very small portion be- 
 ing the Tennessee. After sawing, the ('ompany ship it 
 to various sections of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, 
 supplying about seventy-five yards. The business trans- 
 acted is large, aggregating between S2.5,000 and S30,000, 
 and they carry in stock about $18,000 worth of marble. 
 This company is the only one engaged in the sawing of 
 marbleinthis valley, and theirtradeisgradually as.sum- 
 ing greater proportions. 
 
RESOURCES OK TIIK LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 45 
 
 The iuilividiinl moinherd of the Company arc Messrs. 
 B, M. Kline, of K;ist.iM ; L. II. l,ics.s of Keadin;?, and D. 
 H. Schweyer, of Buwe.'s Htation, Berks county. The 
 two l*st-named gentlemen are the proprietors of e.vten- 
 sive marble works at Bower's Station, and are also heav- 
 ily interested in iron ore and hniiher in that section. 
 
 Mr. Kline, who has the sole management of the works 
 located at Easton, is emphatically a gentleman of su- 
 perior business talent, the successful eontri)! he has ex- 
 ercised over the works of the company, bearing abund- 
 ant attestation of this fact. He commands the respect 
 of his fellow citizens, and takes an active interest in 
 any movement that will promote the advancement of 
 the borough of which he is a resident. 
 
 WILLIAM II. II.\ZZARD. 
 
 \\.\u. Pai'ku and Window Shades, 240 Noktii- 
 AMITON .Stkcct. 
 
 The decoration of the house is becoming a very im- 
 portant study. Artists of acknowledged ability are 
 employed in furnishing new, elegant and attractive de- 
 signs for Wall Paper and Hangings, and manufacturers 
 are putting forth all their energy and using their ut- 
 most resources to e.\cel in this important and useful de- 
 partment of industry. In the retail trade iu these goods 
 in Easton, the house of Mr. William H. Hazzard is re- 
 cognized as holding the leading position. It was estab- 
 lished about twenty-six years ago by Mr. T. A. DuBois, 
 ■who continued its proprietorship until 1872, when Mr. 
 Hazzard succeeded. He now occupies the entire build- 
 ing at No. 240 Northampton Street, its dimensions being 
 25x60feet and two-and-a-half stories iu height. The first 
 floor is in use as a salesroom for Wall Papers, he carrying 
 in stock a full line from the common grades to the most 
 beautiful and elaborate patterns and qualities. In dec- 
 orations for ceilings there is a handsome assortment of 
 such designs as to meet the desires of the naost refined. 
 The upper floor is devoted to Window Shades, of which 
 he has a very complete variety, embracing every prom- 
 inent style now in use. In the conducting of this enter- 
 prise there are employed eighteen hands, as salesmen, 
 paper-hangers and decorators. 
 
 In addition to wallpaper and shades, the latter being 
 made to order, he keeps in stock gilt and walnut cor- 
 nices and room moulding, and in many other respects 
 is better calculated to decorate aud furnish the interior 
 of residences or public rooms than any other establish- 
 ment in the city. 
 
 Mr. Hazzard is a native of Philadelphia, coming to 
 Easton in 1872, when he embarked in the present enter- 
 prise. By his kind and pleasing manner, and superior 
 goods, he has attached to him a large patronage, believ- 
 ing that the people of this community would support 
 any establishment devoted particularly to the finest 
 grades of wall paper, he sought to cater for their custom 
 and has succeeded in a very marked degree in building 
 up an enterprise that is a credit alike to the town and 
 himself. 
 
 THOMAS DAILY, 
 
 Practical Hatteii, 15 South Third Street. 
 On the ground floor of the imposing structure, on Sd 
 Street, known as Porter's Block, are located a number of 
 establishments, prominent among them being that of 
 Thomas Daily, the popular "practical" hatter of Easton. 
 Mr. Daily has always been iu this business in Easton and 
 is a native of Northampton County, born in 181'2. He 
 originally established the business in 1849, and on the 
 completion of the Porter's Block in 1872, he removed 
 to it, where he still remains, aud occupies the site which 
 he did when he first began business in 1819, making on- 
 ly a tofnporary removal while the new building was be- 
 ingerccted. The store is 19x40 feet dimensions, in viiich 
 he has at all times a fine stock of fashionable hats, caps, 
 
 &c. Being a practical hatter he possesses the advan- 
 tage of knowing how to suit his patrons both as regards 
 the .style of a hat and its suitability to the wearer, there- 
 fore he enjoys a large patronage, chiefly among the best 
 class of citizens. Mr. D. is one of the old, solid business 
 men of Easton, and oqe of the oldest hatters in the city. 
 He is public spirited and liberal, and enjoys a host of 
 friends gained by his genial and aimiable disposition. 
 He is one of Easton's reliable citizens and a prompt and 
 energetic busiuess man, always using his endeavors to 
 please those who may favor him with their patronage. 
 
 M. MENLINE, 
 
 Manufacturer and Dealer in Segaes and 
 Tobacco, 11 South Third Street. 
 
 Among many of the enterprising business houses in 
 Easton that materially aid in giving to that place a pro- 
 minence is tfie Tobacco and Segar Maimfactory of Mr. 
 Menline, located at No. 11 South Third Street, who has 
 c intributed largely toward the development of this 
 b -auch of busiuess in this section of Pennsylvania. 
 
 He has been located in Easton about nine years and 
 occupies a spacious and commo<lious store, having a 
 double front and dimensions of 20 by 3-5 feet, which is 
 well supplied with a choice stock of selected brand:: 
 of Chewing and Smoking Tobaccos of all popular makes, 
 together with a full line of Pipes of wood, merschaui'i 
 and other kinds in great variety, in short everythii;:j 
 that is required by smokers or lovers of the weed 
 can here be obtained pure, fresh and of the best quality. 
 In Segars a large stock is always on hand, many of thei.» 
 being of his own manufacture, and are carefully made 
 up of the finest grades of Havana, Connecticut aud Penn- 
 sylvania Tobaccos especially for his retail sales. These 
 goods are always of even quality and never deterionue, 
 and are highly prized for the exquisite flavor by a large 
 class of the citizens, from whom a greater part of hi.- 
 patronage is derived, although, a considerable amount 
 of business is carried on with the surrounding country. 
 
 Mr. Menline is a young man, popular with lii.> 
 patrons, and is now conducting a leading establish 
 mentinthis line of business in Easton. His annual 
 trade is large and steadily growing under the capalile 
 and efficent management. Eight to ten hands— aiuiual 
 product, 400,000 to 450,000. 
 
 T. F. KING, 
 
 Surgeon Dentist, 354 Northampton Stuket. 
 
 T. F. King, practitioner of Dental Surgery, who for 
 many years has pursued his profession iu this city with 
 singular success and distinction, succeeded to the busi- 
 ness established by Dr. Sine about thirty years ago, and 
 in 1869, Dr. King was associated with him, mider the firm 
 name of Sine & King, which remained without a change 
 until 1876, when the senior partner retired. Dr. King 
 since the change, has made many improvements in his 
 office facilities, and to-day possesses one of the finest 
 and most convenient dental rooms iu Easton. His op- 
 erating room is fitted with all the modern appliances 
 for making the extraction of teeth as easy an operation 
 as is possible, while the facilities for filling can not be 
 excelled. The manufacture of teeth, and their mount- 
 ing upon any of the popular metals or compositions, has 
 been a study with Dr. King, who thoroughly guarantees 
 all work that eminates from his hands. His experience 
 is extended, covering a period of nearly fifteen years. 
 
 Dr. King was born in Hope, Warren County, N. J., in 
 1818, and though comparatively a young man, is ripe hi 
 the knowledge of his chosen profession. Those requir- 
 ing the aid of a skillful surgeon in dentistry, will find 
 him thoroughly conversant with the busiuess and 
 abundantly able to give satisfaction in every case. As a 
 private citizen and enterprising gentleman he is well 
 regarded. 
 
46 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEIIIfill VAT.I.EY. 
 
 EAST( >N PII KET IRON WORKS, 
 
 O1.IVKR& Co., Proprietors, Lkhigh River. 
 The past ton years has witnessed many changes in the 
 iron business, anrt the country at the present time is en- 
 joying an area of prosperity in this branch of trade. 
 Europe for many years enjoyed a complete monopoly 
 of the Sheet Iron Manufacturing business. Russia es- 
 pecnally has reaped large returns from this trade, but 
 in this as in many other industries, we are gradually 
 gaining ground in the race for precedence. In the 
 iiuxnufacture of Pig Iron we are only a few years be- 
 hind Groat Britain, and the capacity of our furnaces is 
 increasing rapidly year by year. In the production of 
 iSteel, tliat country is on an equality, while in the man- 
 ufacture of slieet iron we are still somewhat in the 
 back-ground, but, it is gratifying to linow that tliis in- 
 dustry- liiis Ijcen firmly established and is rapidly over- 
 coming the lead that has been possessed by other coun- 
 tries. 
 
 Tn traveling through the Lehigh Valley from East to 
 West, the first sheet iron mill to attract the attention is 
 known as the " Easton Sheet Iron Mills," Messrs. Oliver 
 it Co., proprietors. These are located upon the north 
 bank of the Lehigh River, about one mile from the Del- 
 aware, and were established in 1871, by Samuel Oliver 
 & Son, who at that time built the works and commenc- 
 ed operations. In 1875 the head of the firm died, and his 
 interest was purchased by Mr. Dennis Reilly, the new 
 firm taking the name of Oliver & Co., as at present 
 known. The main building or sheet mill is of frame, 
 60x80 feet, with a trimming house, forty feet square. 
 The.se buildingsare fitted with the necessary machinery 
 and furnaces, including furnishing and heating fur- 
 naces, train rolls, bloom squeezers, etc., and are driven 
 by a twenty-four inch Corliss engine of two hundred 
 horse power, with an auxiliary engine of twelve-inch 
 slide valve and thirty-five horse power. In addition 
 to the buildings mentioned above, there is a large store- 
 house, used as it name implies. 
 
 The works employ forty-three hands and have a ca- 
 pacity of about one thousand tons per annum. The of- 
 fice is located at the works, which are directly manag- 
 ed by Mr. Oliver. A siding from the L. and S. Division 
 of the New Jersey Central Railroad runs into the works 
 making the loading and unloading of iron and coal a 
 matter of comparative ease. 
 
 It is gratifying to know that the products of this es- 
 tablishment have taken a high rank with the trade 
 throughout the counti-y. Such has been the demand 
 for their sheet iron, wliich they manufacture solely, 
 that notwithstanding the great financial depression, 
 which visited the country a few years ago, they have 
 been kept running to their full capacity. For a period 
 of nine years, with the exception of the time requir- 
 ed for repairs, the works have not ceased pro^iuction, 
 and the hands have been constantly employed and paid 
 punctually and in cash. These fixcts are a strong testi- 
 mony to the quality of the material turned out by 
 Messrs. Oliver & Co., and highly creditable to their busi- 
 ness management. Few concern.s engaged in the iron 
 trade can point to such a record, since many our 
 oldest establishments were obliged to succumb to the 
 pressure of the times. 
 
 Mr. Thc^Klore Oliver, the head of this enterprise and 
 its manager, was born in Easton in 1841, and was given 
 in his boyhood days a thorough schooling. For several 
 years he was superintendent of the American Sheet 
 J rou Works, at Phillipsburg, a position he relinquished 
 when his father and himself started the present mill. 
 He is a member of the Borough Council of Easton, rep- 
 resenting the Fifth Ward, and a gentleman highly es- 
 teemed and respected. 
 
 Mr. Dennis P.eilly is a native of Ireland, and has 
 been in this country for about thirty-five years. He is a 
 
 member of tlie firm of Reilly, McC.rann & Co., who 
 built the North Peiiu Railroad', and also the L. and S. 
 Division of the New .Jersey Central Railroad, from 
 Easton to Mauch Chunk, and including their bridge o\ - 
 er the Lehigh at the former place. He is a gentleman 
 who has added much to the prosperity of the Lehigh 
 Valley, and at the present day is actively engaged in 
 promoting its interests. 
 
 The firm of Oliver & Co. are represcnteil in New 
 York by Marshall, Lefferts & Co., 90 Beekman Street, 
 to whom they ship all their sheet iron. 
 
 ZEARFOSS & HILLIARD, 
 
 Manufacturers of Hemlock, Oak, Maple, Pi.ni-: 
 AMD Bass Lumber, Corner Front and Bu.shkill 
 Street,s. 
 Among the prominent dealers in Easton devoted to 
 the'lumber trade, is the firm of Zearfoss & Hilliard, 
 whose mill and yard are located at the corner of Front 
 and Bushkill Streets, and at the point where the Bush- 
 kill creek empties itself into the Delaware. The .stand 
 occupied by them was established in 1866, by Peter Uhler, 
 who remained the proprietor until his decease in 1877, 
 when the executors continued the business till the 
 Spring of 1880, and the present firm succeeded. The 
 plant occupies a tract of ground 380 feet front by 300 in 
 depth, upon which there is a frame saw mill of 30x96 
 feet in dimensions, with an adjoining building, in use 
 as an engine room, of 2Jx28 feet. The mill uses cir- 
 cular saws alone, they being driven by an engine of 
 sixty horse power. The firm employ fifteen mill hands 
 and have a capacity of twenty thousand feet of sawed 
 lumber per day. It is the intention of the firm to early 
 add nev/ machinery for the manufacture of Sash, Doois, 
 Blinds, etc., and in other respect fit their mill for a gen- 
 eral business in this line. 
 
 In addition they have a lumber yard stocked with a 
 full variety to meet the demand of their large and 
 steadily increasing trade, embracing in quantity two 
 million feet. Their stock is one of the largest in the 
 Valley, and they exert every endeavor to keep it up to 
 one common standard of superiority. Although the 
 trade is local, and are therefore brought in contact with 
 other dealers, the business has rapidly grown, and they 
 are recognized as occupying a commanding position iu 
 the trade. 
 Both members of the firm are natives of Eastou. 
 
 B. F. REICH, 
 
 Undertaker, No. 12 North Fifth Street. 
 
 One of the oldest undertakers in Easton is Mr. B. F. 
 Reich, who has for more than twenty years devoted his 
 time and attention to this calling, the duties of which 
 he is peculiarly fitted for, and has always been regarded 
 as one of the most careful and cousideiate men in 
 the business, supplying the wants and furnishing all 
 that is necessary iu performing the last sad riles to 
 those whose spirit has passed away. For years this has 
 been his calling and so well are his duties perfonned 
 that his services are sought after by the friends and 
 relatives of deceased persons, who can vvith the fullest 
 confidence rely upon his care and kind aiienliou. 
 
 Mr. Reich is a native of Easton and is well known 
 and esteemed by a large circle of friends. 
 
 He lias lately introduc^ed and is manufac^turing a 
 "Handy Step Ladder," wliieh is light and rasy to han- 
 dle and combines simplicity of consiruciion vvfth Mil'ety 
 and durability, many of tliese handy and conven- 
 ient ladders are in use and a e highly s|. .jcen of as be- 
 ing the thing needed in tlie lioii.ichold, iiie store and 
 other places. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LKIIICH VALLEY. 
 
 47 
 
 A. D, COOKE, 
 
 Manukacturkr and Dealkr in Furniture, Nos. 
 10'2 AND 104 South Third Street. 
 The extent to which many of the industries of Easton 
 attained during the piist quarter of a centui-y is owing 
 not only to the natural growth and enterprise common 
 to most large communities, but to the remarkably 
 fortunfvte geographical position of this city, which 
 places it immediately in line of that great traffic which 
 is continually being carried on between the East and 
 the West, as well as makes it the center of a system of 
 railroads and canals, equaling if not surpassing in 
 breadth and use fullness, that of any other inland city 
 in the State. These advantages have been employed 
 with avidity by many houses that have risen to deserved 
 prominence, and among which must be classed that of 
 Mr.'A. D. Cooke, who now occupies the leading position 
 in the manufacturing and basiness interests of this com- 
 munity, in his line. 
 
 Wherever Easton is known, the furniture manufac- 
 tory of Mr. A. D. Cooke has equal prominence. The 
 location of this well-known establishment is probably 
 the oldest in town, bein^ occupied prior to 1800 by John 
 Titus, father of L. Titus. Late, the business was carried 
 on by David Gosner, father of A. and D. Gosner, who 
 in 18-18 erected the main factory just in the rear of the 
 store. In 1851 it became the property of David Garis, 
 and, after his decease, was purchased by E. B. Hopkins, 
 who disposed of it to the present owner, Mr. A. D. Cooke, 
 in 1877. 
 
 He is the largest manufacturer of furniture in the 
 valley, and occupies very extended premises at Nos. 102 
 and 101 South Third street, the factory being located in 
 rear of the warerooms. The factory has a width of 130 
 feet, with a depth of 150 feet, height of 60 feet, and em- 
 ploying about one hundred and thirty men. The ma- 
 chinery is all operated by steam, an engine of forty 
 horse power being in use, and is fitted for the manu- 
 facture of all kinds of furniture, needed to stock a well 
 a.ssorted store or to furnish an elegant residence. In 
 addition to the factory, Mr. Cooke has a saw mUl up 
 the Delaware, a wholesale house in Philadelphia, and 
 a branch retail store in Bethlehem. Of the articles 
 kept in the warerooms, all but cane-seated chairs and 
 a few patented articles, are made in the factory. In 
 addition to the retail, a large wholesale business is done 
 in Wilmington, Reading, Philadelphia, New York Eknira 
 Newark, and manyotherpoints. Some idea of the mag- 
 nitude of the works can be obtained by the fact of 
 their occupying fifty thousand feet of floor space and 
 six stories in height. 
 
 The warerooms on Third street present a most attrac- 
 tive display of elegant and tasteful furniture of recent 
 designs and first-class workmanship and comprises the 
 most comprehensive stock in the Valley, consisting of 
 handsome Parlor, Reception and Chamber Suits, in 
 walnut and other popular woods, which are shown in 
 every conceivable style and variety in Queen Anne, 
 Eastlake, Jacobin and other unique and fashionable 
 designs, upholstered in the highest style of the art, in 
 velvet, plush, satin, damask, etc., bcsi<les which a full 
 and complete line of general household furniture and 
 Carpets, the latter of extensive and fine variety. The 
 establishment of Mr. Cooke is well worth a visit and 
 his stock a thorough inspection. ' 
 
 Mr. Cooke was born in Franklin, Mass., in 1810, and 
 has been actively engaged in the manufacture of fur- 
 niture for many years. His career has been eminently 
 a prosperous and useful one, promoting to a large ex- 
 tent the industrial thrift of the community. Person- 
 ally, he is a gentleman not only well and popular- 
 ly known throughout the Valley, but enjoys to a very 
 liberal extent the esteem and re.spect of all. 
 
 E. I. HUNT, 
 
 Hardware and Cutlery, 115 and 117 Northa.mi*- 
 TON Street. 
 
 The many industries located in Easton and surround- 
 ing country, have made the Hardware trade a very im- 
 portant one, a leading house being that of Mr. E. I. 
 Hunt, who established the stand at Xos. 11"> and 117 
 Northampton street in 1868. His business, hi>wover,was 
 started throe years previous, immediately after the close 
 of the war, removing to the above location in the year 
 given, to better accomnt xlate the growing trade. His 
 establishment presents a busy scone of activity, the 
 salesroom being one of the largest in the city, and im- 
 provements just completed makes it one of the most 
 attractive and convenient. Besides the salesroom, in 
 which is carried only small stock and valuable goods 
 with samples of heavy goods and tools, Mr. Hunt has a 
 fine storehouse opposite, five stories high, entirely fire 
 proof, in which the bulk of his stock is carried, and 
 from here the orders for country trade are shipped. Mr. 
 Hunt makes a specialty of agricultural implements, 
 and has this year added to his stock a line of D. M. Os- 
 borne & Co.'s popular Mowers and Reapers. The Oliver 
 Chilled plow is handled by him exclusively in Eivston, 
 and is conceded to rank amont; the best plows made. 
 
 His display of shelf goods and small wares, tools, etc., 
 is an unusually fine one, and fully up to the best stand- 
 ard. A full line of Bar Iron, Iron Axles, Steel Springs. 
 Blacksmith Supplies, wood work for light carriages 
 and heavy wagons, forms a specialty of his business. 
 
 Agricultural tools of all kinds are tarried, making 
 this house a most desirable one for the farmers of the 
 surrounding country taform business relations with. 
 
 Mr. Hunt was born in the county of Wan-en, New 
 Jersey, and for a number of years was in business in 
 Hunterdon County, that State. In 1863 ho went west 
 and formed business connections in a thriving town 
 in Illinois, but after two years returned East, and es- 
 tablished the present business, which he has conducted 
 in a most successful manner. 
 
 CORNELL & MICHLER, 
 
 Fine Groceries, 23 South Third Street. 
 
 This house was established by the present firm in 1863 
 at the corner of Third and Perry Streets, but was remov- 
 ed to present quarters in 1373, where they enjoy facili- 
 ties possessed by no other house in the city for the pro- 
 secution of this particular line of trade. They occupy 
 the fine four-story building at 23 South Third Street, 
 20x80 feet in dimensions, including the basements, used 
 for storage purposes, and employ six assistants. Here 
 at all times may be found a fuU and varied line of the 
 finest goods offered in any market, which are sold at 
 prices that defy the competition of rival houses. Can- 
 ned Goods, Smoked Meats, Condiments, Cheese, Sugar, 
 Teas, Coffee and a line of imported fine goods is con- 
 stantly carried, and the patronage is derived from the 
 best class of citizens of the city and surrounding country. 
 Both members of the firm are thoroughly in earnest in 
 their work, lending it their personal and undivided 
 attention, and have contributed in no small degree to 
 the reputation of Easton as the home of enterprise and 
 thrift. 
 
 Mr. N. P. Cornell is a native of the State of New York, 
 but came to Easton a number of years ago, and 
 brought with him the natural tendences to enterprise 
 so characteristic of the sons of the Empire State. 
 
 Mr. A. K. Michler is a native of Easton, has always 
 been indentified with its people, and no man in the 
 trade is better acquainted with their wants and tastes. 
 As gentlemen, they are well and favorably regarded by 
 a large acquaintance and patronage, and their enter- 
 prise is a credit alike to themselves and the community 
 of Easton. 
 
48 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 BUSH & BULL, ! 
 
 Dry Goons AND Notions, No. 301) Northampton 
 Strekt. 
 In reviewing those well knowu and enterprising 
 firms, who have become prominent in their special line 
 of trade, the firm of Bnsh i Bull, of No. 309 Northamp- 
 ton Street, Easton, attract attention as carrying the 
 heaviest stock and conducting the largest Dry Goods j 
 business in the Northeastern part of the State, with a [ 
 branch house at No. 46 S. Main Street, Bethlehem, and i 
 t'OntroUiug the most extensive retail trade in this sec- | 
 tion. The rise and progress of the tirni dates from the \ 
 year lS(il>, when tlie foundation of its prosperity was ' 
 "laid. In 1871 Messrs. Bush it Bull became the proprie- 
 tors, since which time many changes have been made 
 in the methods of transacting business, and the trade 
 largely increased. An immense stock of dry goods of 
 both foreign and domestic manufacture and a full Hue 
 of that class of goods termed notions, is always carried, 
 a specialty being made of silks, in which as regards 
 extent and variety of assortment is not equalled by 
 any other house in this section. The business house of 
 the firm is a large structure, two stories in height, hav- 
 ing a depth of 100 feel and a frontage of 26 feet, divided 
 into several departments, each of which is under the 
 management of a competent chief, and twenty -two 
 assistants arc employed. The interior arrangements 
 are such as to afford every facility for customers to 
 make examination of the stock and to assist them in 
 making purchases. 
 
 About the premises a general and thorough 
 system is at once apparent, giving evidence of business 
 ability and a perfect familiarity 'with the wants of a 
 large and appreciative patronage. Everything that is 
 new and stylish in the New York market is always ob- 
 tainable here, fis the facilities of the firm are such as to 
 secure all novelties in either foreign or domestic fa- 
 brics dire(!tly as introduced. 
 
 Messrs. Bush &, Bull, the members of the firm, are na- 
 tives of the State of New York, and are thoroughly fa- 
 miliar with every detail of the trade. They are young, 
 lUii.ive and enterprising business men, straightforward 
 as iiK'rchants, and liberal and respected as citizens. 
 Upon Mr. Bnsh devolves the duties of keeping the stock 
 full and up to the standard, and securing the novelties 
 nnd fasliionable goods, a position for which he is emi- 
 nently fitted, possessing as he does discernment, sound 
 judgment and rare good taste, and as an evidence that 
 he attends to this department with care and fidelity 
 the counters and shelves of the store amply testify. 
 
 The general management of the store is under the 
 immediate supervision of Mr. Bull, evidences of whose 
 business training and ability pervade the whole estab- 
 lishment. 
 
 The branch house at Bethlehem is in charge of Mr. 
 Diehl, who is a member of the firm at that place, which 
 has, under his management, largely increased its trade 
 and extended the field of operations. The firm also op- 
 erate a branch establishment at Bridgeport, Conn., and 
 Watertown, N. Y., where they enjoy the distinction of 
 having the largest and best arranged store in the city. 
 
 Besides liis Iju^iuess as a sign painter, he makes a spe- 
 cialty of taking contracts for putting up signs on lines of 
 all the railroads and frequented turnpikes throughout 
 the United State-s and Canada, and is the originator and 
 inventor of a process for printing on boards in oil colors. 
 This is the only process of the kind ever introduced 
 whereby board signs can be made cheaply of durable 
 colors, that will stand through all seasons of heat and 
 cold. They are not made by the use of a stencil, but 
 are printed in oil colors on a printing press, and are 
 certainly an achievement in the arts. These signs are 
 gotten up in the most attractive and original styles, 
 which cannot fail to strike the eye and be impressed 
 upon the mind, thereby making the advertising sign 
 the most effectual, while at the same time the cheapest 
 aud most durable. 
 
 Mr. Heller makes a tour every year, generally setting 
 out iu April, putting up signs and lettering the racks 
 and fences at every point where the eye of the traveler 
 by rail or on the roads cannot fail to see them. He 
 is ayoung and enterprising man, andathorough artist in 
 his business. He is fully posted in the art of advertis- 
 ing and has engagements with the heavy advertisers in 
 the large cities and is highly endorsed by them as be- 
 ing reliable and filling all his obligations in a satisfac- 
 tory manner. 
 
 W. J. HELLER, 
 
 Artistic Sion Painter and Contracting Adver- 
 tiser, No. 332 Northampton Street. 
 As an artist in his profession there are few that sur- 
 pass Mr. W. J. Heller, sign writer and general advertis- 
 ing sign painter of Easton. He has been engaged in 
 this business for years, and many specimens of his 
 handiwork may be seen in Easton and other cities and 
 towns throughout the Valley. In all his work may be 
 noticed an originality and novelty which pleases the 
 public taste, and does not fail to catch the public eye. 
 
 EDWIN S. GLANZ, 
 
 Wholesale AND Retail Dealer in Wines and 
 
 Liquors, 158 Northampton Street. 
 Although this house was established but ten years 
 ago, it has from that time been doing a prosperous bus- 
 iness and now takes rank among the leading reliable 
 houses of Easton. Its founder, Mr. J. H. Wilking, con- 
 tinued the business until March, 1881, when he retired 
 and was succeeded by the present proprietor, Mr. Edwin 
 S. Glanz, who is making every effort to maintain the 
 reputation of the establishment. He makes a specialty 
 of fine Liquors, keeping in stock the well-known makes 
 i and brands of J. W. Gibson, Sou & Co., A. Guckenheim- 
 er&Bro.,J. A. Dougherty, "Lynchburg," "Queen City," J. 
 A.Boweu's and "Old Kentucky," each of tliemof luiriv- 
 alled purity, and possessing a name for excellence and 
 quality. A large assortment of foreign and domestic 
 Wines of the prominent manufacturers of Europe and 
 America are ready for the wants of his customers, and 
 as he is largely engaged iu the wholesale trade, he pos- 
 sesses superior facilities for securing the choicest brands 
 the market affords. Families desirous of Liquors for 
 Medicinal uses will find Mr. Glanz's stock well adapted 
 to meet their requirements and as he will not misrep- 
 resent to eftect sales, can be relied upon to furnish the 
 purest of his stock. 
 
 Mr. Glanz is a native of Easton and thoroughly active 
 in the prosecution of his business. His salesroom and 
 office are located at No. 158 Northampton Street. 
 
 H. M. NORTON, 
 
 Hardware, Stoves and House Ki'iiSisiiiN>. 
 
 Goods, 200 Northampton Street. 
 The business house of Mr. H. M. Norton is o'lC .J' tin-: 
 best known in this section of Pennsylvania a.:d parts 
 of New Jersey, by reasons of his carrying full stock of 
 goods in his line, and the prompt attention given to its 
 patrons: In his stock of hardware will be found every- 
 thing coming under that head, such as tools and the 
 general list of that class of goods termed shelf goods 
 and cutlery of the best productions of both Evu'opean 
 and Home manufacture. He also deals largely in 
 Lamps, Chandeliers, Gas Fixtures, Brackets, and has an 
 elegant assortment in all the new and novel designs. 
 In housekeeping articles he has everything in Tin, Ja- 
 panned, Wood and Iron Ware, also Ice Cream Freezers, 
 
RESOURCES OF THE T.KiriOH VALLEY. 
 
 49 
 
 Churns, Water Coolers, &c., aiul represents some of the 
 loading stove manufm'turer.s, ii display of whose Roods 
 iuparlor and cooking stoves and ranges in all styles 
 and latest improvemeuts, can always be seen in his 
 large and spacious store, which has a depth of 140 feet 
 ■with a front of 22 feet, well lighted by plate glass show 
 windows. 
 
 Mr. Norton is from New York, but lias since 1857 been 
 in business in this section of the country, first in Phil- 
 lipsbiirg. N. J., removing to Easton in 1S().5. Ten 
 hands are employed in the store and a large annual 
 trade transacted. 
 
 He is thoroughly posted in every detail of the busi- 
 ness, having been brought ui> to it since a lad twelve 
 years of age, and being fully conversant witli the wants 
 of the trade always keeps a full. supply of goods requir- 
 ed i-n his line of business. As a citizen he is popular, 
 and as a merchant highly respected for his honorable 
 and liberal manner of conducting business. 
 
 GEORGE FINLEY, 
 
 Stationer and Nkws Agent, 9 Soi'tu Third 
 Strkkt. 
 
 The book and stationery trade of the country has 
 grown very extensively, the town of Eastou having 
 several establishments devoted to this particular branch 
 of trade, prominent among them being that of Mr. 
 ■George Finley, at No. 9 South Third Street. Tliis gen- 
 tleman has in stock an extensive assortment of Blank 
 Books. School Books, Photograph and Autograph Al- 
 bums, Miscellaneous Books, Stationery, etc., comprising 
 all the latest publications of Books and new est novel- 
 ties in other goods. Purchasers desirous of these spe- 
 cialties will tiudthat he has a variety equalling any 
 other house in the city, and if what is desired is not in 
 stock will at short notice secure the article for them. 
 
 An important part of Mr. Finley's business is the sale 
 of the daily and weekly newspapers and magazines of 
 the country, he being the only Agent in town for the 
 leading papers of New York, and Philadelphia, receiv- 
 ing their dalles at the earliest possible moment. He 
 has also a circulating library containing many popular 
 works. 
 
 Mr. Finley is a native of Easton, and entered the pres- 
 ent business in 18G8, the stand having been established 
 about thirty years ago. In the store and for the distri- 
 bution of the papers, he employs six hands, all of whom 
 are under his personal supervision. Mr. Finley is well 
 and favorably known throughout Easton and surround- 
 ing country. 
 
 H. P. B. ODENWELDER, 
 
 Grockries, Tin and Hardware, Corner op 
 Seventh and Northampton Streets. 
 
 This I'uterprising young man began business on his 
 own account in 1,S7S and has been successful in draw- 
 ing towards him a sul)stantial trade, which he has 
 earned by close attention to the wants of his patrons. 
 The general line of stock comprises groceries, tinware 
 and hardware, ami in the foimer cla.ss he has a 
 full assortment of new and fresh goods selected with 
 care especially for his trade, in tinware will be found 
 a great variety of the.-e articles. The line of hardware 
 is also full, compiisiiig all articles known to the trade 
 in siiclf goods, and buildiM^' hardware. The store has 
 a depth of !."> [W\. and tliere are in front two large show 
 windowh' well adapted for di.stilay. Several assistants 
 are emjiloyed and an active trade carried on. 
 
 Mr. Odenwelder is a native of Easton, born in 1851, 
 and has always ))eeu engaged in active business and is 
 one of the enterprising young merchants in the west 
 ward, and owing his success to his own efforts. 
 
 SA.MIKI. H. EHltll.VItT, 
 
 Manifactirer of Paper and Muslin Sacks, 
 
 BrsHKiLL Street. 
 Prominent among the new industries located along 
 the Bushkill, is tliat of Samuel H.Ehrhart, manufacturer 
 of Paper Bags and Muslin Sacks, which was established 
 here in 1879. The building occupied is a two-slory frame 
 structure, -lOxOO feet with an addition of 20x01) feet and 
 in every respect adapted to the requirement of tlie rap- 
 idly growing trade. The engine is of ten-horse power 
 and the establishment in all departments gives employ- 
 ment to fifteen hands. The demand lor paper bags and 
 flour sacks has made wonderful growth within the 
 past few years, and their manufacture in ditferent por- 
 tions of the country has become a great industry. In- 
 stead of using barrels for shipment of flour, these bags 
 and sacks are very generally being substituted, the 
 convenience in handling and economy of first cost 
 making them in every respect more desirable. Mr. Ehr- 
 hart is the only manufacturer of these goods in the Lehigh 
 Valley, east of Alleutown, and has secured for himself 
 in the short while established a reputation for excel- 
 lent make of bags. The flour sack is the universjil 
 favorite for the convenient packing of flour, and have 
 attained a large .sale throughout the countrj'. They are 
 made in three sizes, twelve-am! a-half pounds, twenty- 
 four-and-a-half pounds and forty-nine pounds, and of 
 four qualities of paper, the capa(^ity of the works be- 
 ing about 10,000 per day. Mr. Ehrhart's facilities enable 
 him to fill large orders, printed in one or two colors, in 
 an incredibly short time, and with each order guaran- 
 teeing the utmost satisfaction. He keeps constantly on 
 hand a supply of sacks for general use. In addition he 
 supplies a large trade with printed manilla wrapping 
 paper for uses in dry goods, boot and shoe, clothing 
 and other establishments, as well as fancy bags for 
 millinery uses. 
 
 Mr. Ehrhart is a native of Easton, and a young gentle- 
 man of energetic and industrious habits, pleasing man- 
 ners, sterling integrity and correct business principles, 
 and is well calculated to conduct this or any other bus- 
 iness in which he may engage. 
 
 J. S. BUTZ & BRO., 
 
 Planing and S.\w Mill and Dealers in Lumber, • 
 
 ON THE BrSHKILL CrEEK. 
 
 The lumber business now- carried on by Messrs. J. S. 
 Butz & Brother was established by an uncle prior to 
 1820, and with a single exception is the oldest business 
 now located on the Bushkill Creek. The father of the 
 present firm succeeded some years later and renuiined 
 at the head until 18i>8, when the firm as now known be- 
 came the proprietors. The business includes the lum- 
 ber yard with planing and saw mills, each separate 
 buildings. The planing mill is a capacious three-story 
 stone structure, 33x95 feet, and is thoroughly equipped 
 witli all tlie necessary machinery and appliances for 
 the production of prompt and perfect work, for whicli 
 it lias long been celebrated: the motive power is sup- 
 plied by a forty horse power Turbine wheel. From 
 ten to twelve skilled hands are constantly employed in 
 the various departments, and the work produced here, 
 which includes Sash, Doors, Blinds, Brackets, Mould- 
 ings, etc., is equal to any establishment in the Valley. 
 The finishing of Pardee's Hall, Lafayette College, well 
 attests the iiuality of the work done by the Arm. 
 
 The firm of J. S. Butz ifc Brother are natives of Easton, 
 and it has been under their special guidance that the 
 business has assinned its present importance. They 
 fully deserve the success they have won, and enjoy au 
 enviable reputation for promptness and reliability and 
 are greatly esteemed for their excellent personal 
 qualities. 
 
so 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 EASTON LOCK WORKS, 
 
 Charlks R. C. Sharkey, General Manager, 
 Green Street, North of Bushkill Street. 
 
 Among the many industries that are here located 
 that exercise uo small influence in promoting the pros- 
 perity of Eastou, is that known as the Easton Lock 
 Works, whose buildings are situated on Green Street, 
 North of Bushkill. The company have here ample 
 buildings for their enterprise, consisting of a three 
 story brick-front building, with two-story brick build- 
 ing in rear, in area sixty feet by one hundred and 
 twenty, and divided into the several departments for 
 lock manufacture. A force of thirty-six workmen are 
 employe4, while a twenty hor.se engine is used to oper- 
 ate the machinery, much of which is original, having 
 been devised by the manager to meet his own special 
 wants. 
 
 Our space forbids us to enter into details with regard 
 to these locks, suffice to say that they are the most com- 
 plete for the purpose intended now in the market. 
 One of their specialties is the Horizontal Rim-Cylinder 
 Night Latch, (Sharkey's Patent), and is adjustable for 
 riglit or left hand doors of any thickness. They have 
 ft Patent Stop aud Drawback Knob, simple in construc- 
 tion, the drawback and catch being operated by one 
 motion and presenting an appearance equal to any 
 locks made. They also make morticed and rimmed 
 locks of evciy description. This industry was estab- 
 lished in 1S76, but owing to the depression of the iron 
 intcre.'-ts the business suffered in common with others, 
 and with the resumption of all branches of trade the 
 business assumed new life, and has now become fully 
 established in oveiy essenlinl of success. During the 
 year they Lnvc made umny additions and improve- 
 ments in '.heir facilities and at the present time man- 
 ufacture one himdred and twenty-tive dozen per day. 
 
 The company ni.aiuifacture several other articles, 
 among tlioin or-j; Porcelain, IMineral aud Jet Door 
 Kj»obs of various styles, with Japanned, Porcelain, 
 Bronze and Plated Mouldings, Knob Latches, Reversi- 
 ble Front Door Locks, Door Keys of Bronzed Iron, 
 Rimmed and Brass, Blank Keys of German Lead, 
 Brass, Nickle, Steel, and Rimmed Mailable Iron. They 
 also manufacture the Patent Upright Rim-Cylinder 
 Store Door Dead Locks, in great variety. In addition 
 the company control an Iron Foundry in Phillipsburg 
 ■which is engaged in manufacturing the iron used by 
 them at the lock factory, where they employ seven 
 men. The building is 60x80 feet with two cupolas, and 
 furnished with the essential requirements for the pro- 
 duction of iron used in the manufacture of the locks. 
 
 The control of this industry is in the hands of Mr. 
 Chas. R. C. Sharkly, a native of New York City, as 
 general manager, to whom the works are indebted for 
 many of the patents of the articles that are by them 
 manufactured. 
 
 Mr. B. R. Swift, of Easton, is the treasurer, a gentle- 
 man prominently known. 
 
 The extent of manufacture and quality of goods pro- 
 duced by the Eastou Lock Works are such that it en- 
 titles tliem to the distinction of being one of the most 
 prominent industries located in the Lehigh VaUey. 
 
 KIEGEL & TINSMAN, 
 
 Dry Goods, Notions, &c., No. 206 Northampton 
 Srr.KET. • 
 
 One of the leading Dry Goods houses in Easton is 
 that of Messrs. Riegel & Tinsman, whose spacious store 
 Is located at No. 206 Northampton Street. 
 
 The business M-as originally established in 1850 by 
 Micke & Riegel, and wa,s successfully carried on by 
 them until 18G4, at which time Mr. Riegel withdrew 
 from the firm and engaged in the business on his own 
 account until 1869, when Mr. D. A. Tinsman became 
 
 a member of the firm and the present style and finn 
 name adopted. The store presents an attractive ap- 
 pearance, having a double front and dimensions of 26]/^ 
 xl25 feet, neatly arranged and well appointed for the 
 display of goods aud convenience of patrons. A heavy 
 stock of dry goods, silks and dress goods is always to be 
 found upon the shelves and counters, also full lines of 
 those articles termed notions; in cloths and cloakings 
 a .specialty is made by the firm, who carry a choice line 
 of these goods, comprising Cassimeres, Diagonals, Chev- 
 iots for men's wear and neat and elegant soft woolen 
 fabrics in all styles and colors and designs for ladies 
 cloaks, dobiiaus, sacques, &c.: an important featiu'e of 
 the business is the cutting, fitting and making of men's 
 clothing and ladies' cloaks from measures to order. 
 This department is in charge of thoroughly competent 
 and skilled assistants. A large annual business is con- 
 ducted by the house, the patronage being derived from 
 Easton and vicinity, and from New Jersey. 
 
 The members of the firm, Messrs. B. F. Rie,?el and D. A» 
 Tinsman are both reliable and enterprising business men. 
 Mr. Riegel is a native of Bucks County, where he 
 was born in 1825, coming to Easton in 1850, at which 
 time he assisted as a member of the firm in establish- 
 ing the present house. He has always taken an active 
 interest in all affairs that were conducive to the general 
 welfare, and was a member of the School Board of 
 the Borough for six years, and president of the body 
 one term ; was also president of the Phillipsburg Stove 
 Works, a large and important industry, for eight years 
 and is at present a director of that Company. He is 
 also a director of the First National Bank of Easton. 
 
 Mr. D. A. Tinsman is from Hunterdon County, N. J., 
 and has been a resident of Easton for about eighteen 
 years. He is a straight-forward business man, enter- 
 prising and well and favorably known in the commu- 
 nity. 
 
 CARPENTER & BENNETT, 
 
 Dry Goods and Notions, 229 Northampton 
 Street. 
 When we remember how many merchants have risen 
 to prominence by strict honesty, square dealing and 
 legitimate exercise of advantages they may possess, how 
 inexcusable are what are known as the "tricks of trade,' ' 
 to which so many resort. Among the former must be 
 classed Carpenter & Bennett, whose day goods house is 
 at No. 229 Northampton Street, where it was established 
 in 18C9 by Carpenter & Hixon, who retained the pro- 
 prietorship until 1873, when they were succeeded by Mr. 
 Allen Carpenter, who continued the business alone 
 until 1877, at which time Mr. Bennett was ad- 
 mitted and the finn became as at present. They occupy 
 a desirable store, 20x65 feet in dimensions, and give 
 employment to five assistants. The tastes and ability 
 of the firm is evidenced by a very superior stock of Dry 
 Goods, including a fine line of Silks, Dress Goods, Mus- 
 lins, etc., as well as a variety of Notions of the better 
 class. The firm give particular attention to Black 
 Goods, being the leaders in these fabrics, and in the 
 winter season make a specialty of Cloaks and Dolmans- 
 It is safe to assert that no establishment in Easton 
 possesses a finer grade of goods than is displayed at 
 this house or exercise a greater care in the selection of 
 their stock. 
 
 Mr. Allen Carpenter, the senior of the firm, was born 
 in the adjoining State of New Jersey, and for many 
 years was engaged in business in the city of Trenton. 
 His partner, ]\Ir. Julm K. Bennett, is a native of Bucks 
 County and posscssesin every respect first class btisiness 
 facilities. The rii in of Carpenter I'c Bennett are naturally 
 and justly well regarded by the tiade and the commu- 
 nity at large. 
 
rJCSOUllCES OF THE LKITIGII VALI-EY. 
 
 61 
 
 THE TEMT'KRANCK MUTUAL HKNEFIT ASSOCIA- 
 TION. 
 
 Office No. 57 Cknter Squ.\re. 
 The Mutual plan of Life Insurance is condiicterl solely 
 in the interests of the members, who in their collec- 
 tive frtpacily K've the best po.ssible guarantee of full 
 and prompt payment of losses. No accumulation of as- 
 sets to any amount is made, but when a ilealh occurs 
 a pro rata ussestnient is made on all the surviving mem- 
 bers and this fund is used in paying losses, thus the as- 
 set.s of the society are always in the pockets of the 
 ]uemt)ersand not subject to loss or embezzlement. The 
 jidvantages of Life Insurance are admitted by all, the 
 ■question of .security, cheaimess, and easy manner of 
 paying the necessary cost are the only points con.sider- 
 ■ed, and the mutual plan, wisely managed and honestly 
 •conducted, seems to combine in the greatest degree all 
 these requirements. The Temperance Mutual Benefit 
 Association was organized on this plan, and offers 
 every inducement which can be iireseuted by any of 
 its competitors, and many which none of them possess. 
 First, the featuresof total abstinence, which experience 
 proves to be an important factor in computing the ex- 
 pectancy of life, ascertained to be 30 per cent, greater 
 than among those of intemperate habits; secoird, the 
 graded mortuary assestmcut, which was originated by 
 Mr. Tyler, General Agent of this Society, and which 
 they were the first to adopt ; third, exemption from the 
 burdens, expenses and other obligations of secret soci- 
 ities. 
 
 This Society enjoys the distinction of having been 
 ■mentioned by the Philadelphia Press in its issue of 
 May "2, 1881, as one of the six organizations in Pennsyl- 
 vania which were free from the curse of " Specula- 
 tive" Insurance, which has become such a crying evil 
 in this State, and it is largely owing to this fact that 
 the association has in such a marked degree won and 
 maintained the confidence of the public. This associ- 
 ation dofes not confine its benefits to total oljstainers alone, 
 but extends to all insurable classes the superior advan- 
 tages and rates, but in a separate and distinct class, and 
 during the short time that this offer has been open a 
 large number have became members and this class is 
 constantly increasing. 
 
 The association was chartered in May, 1870, and un- 
 till879 had its office at Great Bend Village, Pa., when 
 it removed to its present location in Easton, and is now 
 in a florishing and thriving condition. When it was 
 organized, its mode of operations being at that time 
 radically different from any other organization, obsti- 
 cles were expected to be encountered, but with faith 
 in the principles of Mutual Insurance and of the spe- 
 ■cial advantage to total obstaincrs in conbiniug together 
 for the purpose of obtaining a lower death rate, and 
 consequently cheaper insurance, the managers have 
 gone steadily forward with indomitable energy and 
 have succeeded in making for their society a name 
 and place of which they are justly proud, and have of- 
 fered to all who desire to make a ceitaiu provision for 
 their future, a cheap, sound, safe and reliable policy 
 of insurance at the lowest possible co.st and in a com- 
 pany which acknowledges no superior. 
 
 Its officers and directors are gentlemen of high char- 
 acter and standing in the community, and its ndairs 
 have always been conducted on sound iirinciples of 
 •equity and justice. From it.s organization it has stood i 
 entirely upon its honest management, its cheapness I 
 and fairness as compared with the old line i'omi)anies, ' 
 and this has so recommended it to the i)eople that it 
 has extended its operations into several States and the 
 l>ominion of Canada. 
 
 The officers of the Society are, Hon. S. B. Chase, Pres- 
 ident; J. II. Orue, Vice President; N. D. B. Chase, Secre- 
 
 tary; Easton National Bank, Bepository; Traill Grcea 
 M. D., Medical Examiner. 
 
 Directors.— Hon. S. B. Chase, Great Bend Village, 
 Pa.; Hon. Geo. Coray, Pittston, Pa.; L.A.Tyler, Easton, 
 Pa.; Wm. Emery, Phcnixville, Pa.; D. B. Manger, 
 Douglassville, Pa.; L. A. Tyler, General Agent. 
 
 The President of the Society, Hon. S. B. Chase, is a na- 
 tive of Great Bend Village, Pa., and has been for many 
 years engaged in the banking business at New Milford. 
 He served as a member of the State Legislature for 
 four terms, where his course was consei-vative, 
 honorable and always in the interests of his constitu- 
 ents, liy whom he is regarded as a man of probity and 
 considerable eminence. 
 
 Mr. N. D. B. Chase, the Secretary, and upon whom the 
 general office management of the Association devolves, 
 is a native of Montrose, Pa., and removed to Easton 
 when the office of the society was located here. He is 
 a courteous, efficient and gentlemanly official. 
 
 The General Agent, Mr. L. A. Tyler, is a gentleman of 
 many years experience and one who ha.s made the sub- 
 ject of insurance a close study. He is recognized as a 
 thorough business man and is universally esteemed for 
 his many business and social qualities. 
 
 The members of the Temperance Mutual Benefit As- 
 sociation are sure of meeting fair and liberal treatment 
 and the public generally are invited to give the plan 
 and advantages offered by the society a careful inves- 
 tigation. 
 
 WILSON BROTHERS, 
 
 Bone and Shell Grinding 
 Mills, 44 Delaware Street. 
 
 A practical raLser of poultry under- 
 stands the advantages of a cheap 
 hand nuichine which will pulverize buiics for hia 
 chicken feed. And the successful gardener is well aware 
 of the advantage of dressing his onions, lettuce and 
 other vegetables which require a rapid growth with 
 fine pulverized bone dust. 
 
 Becoming tired of the old way of breaking them in a 
 morter, Mr. Frank Wilson set his ingenuity to work, 
 and the result was the complete little machine, a small 
 cut of which is at the head of this article. The ma- 
 chine is a marvel of strength, being able to grind the 
 hardest dry bones unburned, thus giving the chickens 
 the bone without having its most important parts de- 
 stroyed by burning. It can easily be turned with one 
 hand and grinds the bones to just the right degree of 
 firmness. At the Pennsylvania State Fair held at Phil- 
 adelphia, September, 1880, and at the Farmers' and Me- 
 chanics' Institute held at Easton the same month, this 
 Mill received Diplomas as the only hand Bone Mill that 
 met the requirements. 
 
 The Mills are in use in almost every state of the 
 Union, and from persons of the highest standing in the 
 poultry business the firm have the most flattering testi- 
 monials. 
 
 The value of bone dust is not sufficiently appreciated. 
 Oneofthe.se small mills should be in every poultry- 
 yard. Even the fanner would find it paid him well to 
 have one, not only to grind up the old bones for liis 
 chickens, but to use with a liberal hand on his garden. 
 
 The firm are preparing to make a much larger mill 
 of the same style, and for the same purpo.se, and strong 
 enough to grin<l green bones. 
 
 They also manufacture a small Horizontal Engine 
 which combines many p(^ints of simplicity and special 
 advantages. The individual members of the firm are 
 John L., Frank and James E. Wilson, all of whoia are 
 natives of Easton, and thorough practical mechanics. 
 
52 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHTOII VALLEY. 
 
 YOUNG & SCHLOUGH, 
 
 Eagi.k Foundry and Machine Shop 2':2, 224, 226, 
 228 Ferry Street. 
 
 Amoiij; those institutions which contribute hirgely to 
 the city's substantial prosperity and act tlie part of im- 
 ])<)rtanl factors in its progress, we may safely class the 
 works of Young & Schlough, Founders and Machinists, 
 located in tlie heart of the manufacturing section of 
 the city, and possessing ample room and superior labor 
 saving ajipliauces they are in a position to compete 
 with any rival estal)lishment of a similar nature in the 
 cduutry. 
 
 The business at these works was began originally in 
 1S08 by the firm of Butz & Haydeu, and did not come 
 into the possession of the present owners uutil the 
 year ISV.). Both the gentlemen being men of 
 business discernment and practical knowledge, the 
 success of their enterprise seemed assured from the 
 beginning, and now after a career of twenty-two years, 
 much of which time was during seasons of unparalell- 
 ed bu-iiness depression and war, the Eagle Foundry and 
 Machine Shops present a solid front to the business 
 world and are prepared, as they have always been, to 
 fulfil any contract the trade offers. Much of their suc- 
 cess has been due to the fine character of work they 
 have produced and the prompt manner in which they 
 fill orders. Casting.? of new Machinery, Furnaces, Build- 
 ings, Ornamental Railings, &e., are here made a spe- 
 cialty of, and the reader can gain some of their resources 
 in this clas.s of work, when we note the fact that In 
 their pattern room among many others they have four 
 hundred aud twenty-six diflerent patterns of spur 
 wheels, one hundred and fifty-five pairs for beveled 
 wheels, one hundred twenty segments of spur wheels of 
 difi'erent pitch aud face, twenty-four pairs of beveled 
 car wheels, thirty-two pairs spur wheels, one hundred 
 pulley patterns of all sizes, besides a gi'eat variety of 
 others, too numerous for classification. Their works 
 consist of a Machine Shop, Foundry and Smith Shop, 
 built substantially of brick and of the f )llowing di- 
 mensions: Machine Shop, 40x60 feet, three stories high, 
 the second story of which is devoted to pattern mak- 
 ing: the Blacksmith Shop is 20x40 feet in dimen-Aious, 
 two stories in height, the second story being used as a 
 drafting room, while the third ."rtory of the Machine 
 Shop is used for the storage of the vast number of pat- 
 terns which years of work and hundreds of varied 
 styles have accumulated. To the rear is the Foundry, 
 40x60 feet, where the castings are made. 
 
 Every conceivable appliance for expediting work is 
 here found. Like all establishments of this order 
 they must be visited to be properly appreciated as it is 
 imposible to classify the great variety of work here turned 
 out. Our mission is to accord the works the space they 
 deserve on the page of progress in the industrial arts, 
 and it is suffice to say that among their products will 
 be found contractors' tools, horizontal and vertical 
 horse powers, derricks and machinery of every descrip- 
 tion, with every variety of ornamental work. 
 
 Both members of the firm are life-long residents of 
 Easton. Mr. H. J. Young being born in the year 1816 
 and Mr. J. C. Schlough in the year 1813. The valley 
 and this community owes to them their share of the 
 considerations due for their contribution to its indus- 
 tries. Both are well known and esteemed citizens and 
 enjoy the respect of the entire community. They are 
 sincere and active in the discharge of all public du- 
 ties, they are ever mindful of their city's welfare and 
 foster all measures to that end. Mr. Young is a mem- 
 ber of council from the Fourth ward. ■• 
 
 Mr. Schlough has been in the foundry business since 
 1837, and is the mechanical head of the firm, while Mr. 
 Y^oung devotes his time to the financial. 
 
 A. R. DUNN, 
 
 WIIOI.KSAI.E DeAI.F.R in TOBArCOB, 37 ANT) Sf» 
 
 NoKTii l'\)i'RTii Street. 
 
 As a brancli of iudu-itry peculiarly successful iu Eas- 
 ton and f)rming an important factor in the commer- 
 cial importance of tlie city, the Tobacco trade, and 
 those engaged theren as manufacture s or de.iler;, are 
 entitled to con-iideration in the compilation of the 
 mercantile and industrial resources of the city. The 
 well-known Tobacco house of Mr. A. R. Dunn attracts 
 attention from its general standing in the community. 
 
 This enterprise was established in 1877 by the firm of" 
 Hess & Dunn, who together built up the wholesale bus- 
 iness. In January, 1S80, Mr. Hess retired from the firm,. 
 when Mr. Duun assumed the proprietorship, which he 
 lias continued in a very successful manner ever since. 
 
 He devotes his time to the wholesale trade exclusively, 
 keeping in stock a very large assortment of foreign and 
 domestic Cigars, and a general line of all the leading- 
 brands of Tobaccos. Among his specialties, and of 
 which he is the sole agent in this city, will be found 
 the goods manufactued by Robert Hamilton, I'rank 
 Adams, Liggett and Myers' Star Tobaccos, as well as- 
 the Tobaccos of Lorillard, and other well-known man- 
 ufacturers. Mr. Dunn's trade is very large, extending 
 throughout Central New Jersey and Northern Pennsyl- 
 vauia, he being represented on the road by two eificient 
 and experienced salesmen, who are gradually extend- 
 ing the trade of the house. 
 
 The establishment is located at Nos. 37 and 39 North 
 Fourth Street, where Mr. Dunn occupies a doultlc front 
 store, three stories in height, with a cellar of :;OxSO feet. 
 
 The entire building is in use for the wholesale busi- 
 ness, and as the stock cjirried is large no I'oom is left 
 unoccupied. In the various departments there are en- 
 gaged five hands, while U> the entire business Mr. Dum*. 
 gives his personal attention. 
 
 Mr. Dunn, who has so successively conducted ihis- 
 enterprise, was born in Salem, N. J., in IS.'jO, and ouue- 
 to Easton in 1871 to accept the position of book-keeper 
 iu the wholesale hardware house of Mr. Tlioiuas T. 
 Miller, with whom he remained until 187?, wJien ho- 
 inaugurated the present business. His is the only 
 w-iiolesale Tobacco house in North Eastern Pennsyl viiniii. 
 and is rapidly securing much of the trade that formoi- 
 ly belonged to Philadelphia and New York. LiberaL 
 energetic and painstaking, with a thorougli knowledge- 
 of his business, he has already met with much success,, 
 and the pulalic may at all times rely uijon the high 
 quality and purity of the goods offered by the house. 
 
 F. ALSFELT, 
 
 Segars AND Tobacco, No. 33 South Third Street. 
 
 One of the enterprising and well known business 
 men of Easton is Mr. F. Alsfelt, who conducts a general 
 jobbing trade in Tobacco, Segars, Pipes, etc., at No. 33- 
 South Third Street. .Mr. Alsfelt established himself in. 
 this business in 1878, which has since steadily grown^ 
 and the trade extended to various sections of the Le- 
 high Valley. The line of goods carried are of both 
 high and medium goods carefidly selected ftr a special 
 trade, which are disposed of at both wholesale and re- 
 tail. 
 
 Mr. F. Alsfelt is a native of Easton, where he was- 
 born on the 2{)th of Febuarj', 1830. W^ien a lad twelve 
 years of age he sold and delivered the New York pa- 
 pers in Easton, and was the first to engage in this bus- 
 iness. He has been in the segar trade upwards of 
 thirty years, and at one time conducted the largest con- 
 fectionery and oyster business in the city, and was also- 
 ibr fifteen years iu the flour aud feed bu-iine.ss. 
 
RESUl IK'H.S OF Tlir: J.i;iII(JlI VALLEY. 
 
 55 
 
 J. HAY & S0X3. 
 
 JoBBEKs OF Notions and Dry Goods, 2, 4, and 6 
 Hay's Plack, and 236 and 238 Chukch Street. 
 
 It is reasoubly safe to assert, in looking over tlie va- 
 rious and diverse industries of Easton, that no eoneern 
 lias done more to establish the reputation of this eity 
 as a purehasing centre than tlie wholesale Dry Goods 
 and Notions house of J. Hay li; Sons, who are located 
 at Nos. 2, 4 and 6 Hay's Place, a<i.joining the Post Office. 
 
 It was established in 1852 Vjy the head of the present 
 lirni. Mr. .lacob Hay. The business gradually was at- 
 tracted to the ho\isc. and it is now ranked as the largest 
 e.^tablishnient of the kind in the Lehigh \'alley. The 
 firm occupy a handsome salesroom, with a front of 80 
 feet and a depth of 120, fitted u\) in the most conven- 
 ient manner. The stock of Dry (roods and Notions 
 carried is surprisingly large, reaching a ligure that 
 phicesthem upona business e<iuality with the represent- 
 ative hou.ses of New York and Philadelphia. The bus- 
 iness is conducted with the assistance of six employes, 
 tliree of whom are traveling salesmen. Their trade is 
 located throughout Central New Jersey, and in Pennsyl- 
 vania, west of the Susquehanna River. Their stock 
 includes a fall Hue of Dry (roods and Notions, they 
 being the direct agents for a number of prominent 
 mills. The business during the past year was increas- 
 ed 60 per cent, over that of 1879, and the trade of the 
 present season to much in excess of any previous 
 period. 
 
 The .senior of the firm, Mr. Jacob Hay, was born near 
 Easton in 1830, and upon reaching his fourteenth year 
 came into the town and became a clerk in a general 
 store. He was a lad not having a trade, or many of the 
 advantages given to other boys, and his success has 
 been the result of correct business habits. In 18.V2 he 
 started for himself and opened a small store in which 
 he sold a general variety of goods. His business grad- 
 ually became larger, and, although it really demanded 
 his personal attention, he closed his store in 1803, pla- 
 carding the door of same "closed! not by the Sherifl', 
 but gone to war," and went to take his part in the excit- 
 ing scenes of the rebellion. He was chosen captain 
 of Company D, Thirty-Eighth Regiment, Peinisylvania 
 Volunteers, and as such served with credit and honor. 
 Returning to Ea.ston, he started the wholesale notions 
 and dry goods business, the wisdom of which has been 
 shown in the present successful condition of the house. 
 For several years he was a member of the Dorough 
 Council. He is a member of the firm of Hapgood, Hay 
 & Co., wholesale and retail dealers in Boots and Shoes, 
 and at oue time was interested in the Biugeu Iron 
 Company. 
 
 The second member of the firm, Mr. Thomas A. H. 
 Ilay, is a son of the senior of the ht)use, and was born 
 in Easton in the yearl.S.")4. He passed tlu-ough the pu'o- 
 lic schools and entered Lafayette College, from which 
 he graduated wIku he reached his twenty-first 
 year. He entered a store a-; clerk and was admitted 
 in Ills father's bn->ine-;s in 1877 as a partner. In Is7;i he 
 went west to Montana and is now employed in the 
 United States As-ay office in that territory. ' 
 
 The junior of the lirui. Mr. William (). Hay, was born 
 in Kaston in 1N>1, and secured a tlu)rougli education. 
 eiUering the lirm inl87'.l. an<l now buys all the goods 
 handled by the house and lends liis father valuable 
 service in the mauai,'ement of the business. 
 
 TRACE'S ACADEMY, 
 
 Prof. R. H. Tracii, Principai,, 1.'3 Soi'tii Si.xth 
 
 Street. 
 Trach's .\cademy and Commercial School has become 
 one of the most i)o|)ular educational institutions in 
 this section of the country. It was founded in 1S72, bv 
 
 Reuben H. Trach, and was until 1870, located on North 
 ampton Street. It was removed to the elegant building 
 now occupied in that year. The Academy is located 
 in a quiet and secluded portion of the thriving borough 
 of Easton, on a high ridge overlooking the I^high and 
 Delaware Valleys, atVonling an excellent view of moun- 
 tain glen and river. Tlu- climate is one of well known 
 and uncommon hcalthfiilness, and the society of 
 Easton cultured and refined. There is railroad com- 
 munication many times daily to all parts of the coun- 
 trj' and telegraph lines communicate with the office 
 in Easton. These facilities give the .\cademy the ad- 
 vantage of perfect retirement, so requisite for study, 
 together w^ith the refinement and morality of the sur- 
 rounding population, advantages for the training and 
 education of yi)uth, such as few places possess. The 
 building is large, well ventilated, the dormitories 
 neatly furnished and everything possible for the com- 
 fort of the pupils i)rovi(led. Large grounds surround 
 the building, well shade<l and laid out in beautiful 
 walks ornamented with plants and shrubbery. The 
 course of study is Academic, Classical, Commercial and 
 Musical. 
 
 The course of musical instruction is in charge of an 
 experenced instructor, and is designed to affiird supe- 
 rior advantages for pursuing this study thoroughly. 
 
 The faculty is composed of Reuben H. Trach, Princi- 
 pal, Moral and Natm-al Science, Mathematics and the 
 Theory and Art of Teaching; Jacob P. Uhler, A. M., 
 Astronomy ; George W. Sandt, A. B., English Literature; 
 William N. Ruby. A. B., Latin, Greek and Higher 
 Mathematics; James H. Lindemann. M. E., Book- 
 keeping, Penmanship, Phonography and Arithmetic ; 
 Miss Emma Maun, English Grammar, Geography and 
 Reading; F. H. Lehr, Es(j., Commercial Law and 
 Political Economy ; Henry L. Mattes, Instrumental 
 and Vocal Music. A corps of instructors selected with 
 special reference to their fitness for the several depart- 
 ments. 
 
 There are now one hundred and thirty one students 
 in the Academy, thirty-eight of wliom are ladies. 
 
 Prof. Reuben H. Trach is a native of Northampton 
 County, where he is esteemed asagen'.lemen possessing 
 the highest attainments, and quatilications for con- 
 ducting such an institution. Ministers, Professors, 
 Lawyers and Merchants speak in laudatory terms of tlic 
 course of instruction adopted by him and tlie can; 
 with which he attends to the moral and educational 
 training of tho.se placed under his charge. 
 
 JONAS LEVY, 
 
 Ready-Made Ci.oTiiiNo and Gents' Fvrnisiiinu 
 Gooi>s, 1G2 Northampton Stkekt. 
 
 Among the clothing establishments of Easton chat 
 of Jonas lA'vy, at No. 102 Northampton Street, occupies 
 a creditable position. In 1874 he oiieiied his store and 
 at once took a position as a reliable furnisherof clothing. 
 
 The store is of good size, and up m its counters and 
 shelves will be found a complete assortment of rtady- 
 made clothing of the most stylish material, cut and 
 make, and a full line of gents' furnishing goods of the 
 most fashionable sort. The stock is superior in every 
 respect, is attractively arranged, and will bear the most 
 critii-al exauiiiiatiou. Mr. Levy's experience in this 
 department of trade enables him to secure his goods of 
 reliable nianufacturers. and as he buys for cash, he is 
 able to dispose of his stock at the most favorable figures. 
 
 His i)atrons are always a.ssiu'ed of polite attention 
 and the utmost satisfaction, making this .store a perfect- 
 ly safe line to bestow their custom upon. 
 
 Mr. Levy is well and favorably known throughout 
 tlie community, and is a gentleman identified iu the 
 advancement of its business interests. 
 
RE8(M'RCES OF THE LEI1H;1I VAI>L1:Y, 
 
 GDiiJi.K.t ISAAC A. SMITH, 
 
 jManlkactureks of Lime, I.ime Stone, Curbing, 
 Gi'TTEi! Stone, and Dealehkin Brown and Ohio 
 Stone, OiTirE 'J'J South Foi'hth Street. 
 
 Among the enterprises loeatcd at Easton that oeeupy 
 a prominent position, is t-hat ol' Messrs. George & Isaac 
 A. Smith, iiiinuU'aetiirersof Lime, Lime Stone, Curbing, 
 Gutter Stone, and dealers in Brown and Ohio Stone, and 
 who liave the reiiutation of furnishing the best Lime 
 stone in the eotmtry. They obtain their supply of Lime 
 Stone and Curbing from the eelebrated Quarries on 
 T>ushkill Creelc, about a mile from Easton. The bluif 
 is from eighty to one hundred feet high, and the stone 
 extends to an unknown depth, and so far as it has been 
 (exposed is of the uniform excellent quality for which 
 it has become distinguished, so that the supply is prac- 
 iieally inexhaustible. 
 
 Tliis remarkable stone has been used for making lime 
 for more than forty years and has become noted for 
 producing the best lime in this section. It has the 
 best cementing qualities of any known. It has been 
 tested in almost every conceivable situation, and has 
 proved of extraordinary strength for uniting stone and 
 brick work, and for its superior qualities as a plastering 
 lime. It has likewise a reputation far more than local, 
 being shipped extensively to New Jersey and New York, 
 and is employed in the erection of the finest buildings 
 in the country, among which we may mention the 
 Lafayette College at Easton, the Insane Asylum at 
 Morristowii. N. J., the Prison at Wilkesbarre, and many 
 other piil)lic buildings at distant points. It is also used 
 extensively by the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Lehigh 
 Valley Railroad, Lehigh and Susquehanna, and other 
 roads. They have four kilns and keep running stim- 
 mer and winter, with an annual capacity of about two 
 hundred thousand bushels of lime. 
 
 The Ann are also manufacturers of Asbestina Stone, 
 which is rapidly growing in favor, as a substaustial and 
 ornamental stone for cemetery work, window and door 
 caps and sills, and tiling for halls and entrances. 
 
 Their stone yard is located at the footof Bank Street, 
 in the Lehigh river, and here they keep in stock a 
 a large sui>p!y of curbing and flagging. The office of 
 the firm is located at No. 22 South Fourth Street. 
 
 The business was established many years ago, the 
 quanies having been worked for nearly a half cen- 
 tury. 
 
 The present firm became proprietors in 1871, and now 
 give employment in the various departments to thirty- 
 five workmen. 
 
 Mr. George Smith, the senior of the firm, was born in 
 England, and Mr. Isaac A., is a native of Northampton 
 Count;/. The proprietors are wide awake, thorough 
 going bu.-iiiicss men, prompt in their engagements, yet 
 courteous and affable, as well as straight forward in 
 their dealings, and occu]'y a high position in business 
 circles of vlieir town. 
 
 DANIEL BLACK, 
 
 TiNWAi'.)-;, AND Tinner's Supplies, 231 Northamp- 
 ton Stuekt. 
 For more than thirty-five years- identified with the 
 industries of this city, and promoting its manufacturing 
 advantages in his own chosen vocation, Mr. Daniel 
 Black is entitled to prominent mention in this work, 
 and his enterpri.se to remark in reviewing Easton with 
 an eye to its varied facilities as a trade centre. The 
 house, which is now perpetuated by Mr. Black, was 
 estab ished in l^l^ by his father, James Black, it being 
 at that time a copper smitherj-. The father continued 
 the business, adding from time to time the goods that 
 are now dealt in, until his death, which occurred in 
 1829, when the widow assumed the business, which was 
 
 continued under her name until 1844, and the son, the 
 present proprietor, succeeded, who has from that time 
 to the present remained at the head. 
 
 Mr. Black occupies a store and workroom of 24x72 
 feet, where there are manufactured the various kinds 
 of Tinware and Sheet Iron Goods, and giving employ- 
 ment to six hands. He keeps in stock a full line of Tin- 
 ware and Tinner's Supplies, Copper Goods, Sheet Iron, 
 Lead Pipe, etc; transacting in these articles a general 
 wholesale and retail btisine.ss. 
 
 Mr. Black vvasbor)i in ]':aston in 1.S18, and after receiv- 
 ing a good common school education, entered his 
 mothers shop in 1836, to learn the trade, which he 
 thoroughly mastered. In 1881 he was chosen by his 
 fellow citizens one of the commissioners to erect new 
 water works. In all matters of detail with reference to 
 his business, Mr. Black has acquired a fund of accurate 
 knowledge and experience, which makes his opinion 
 valuable to his customers and esteemed of his trade. 
 
 M. GOLDSMITH, 
 
 NorioNs AND Fancy Goods, 154 Noi'.THANrroN 
 Street. 
 
 Notwithstanding that in many dry goods stores th.erc 
 is to be found a line of Notions and Fancy Goods, there 
 is always room for enterprise in this direction as n ilis- 
 tinct branch of trade, and this fact is fully exemplied 
 in the business of Mr. M. Goldsmith, No. I'l 1 Northantp- 
 ton Street, whose establishment is fitted with a choice 
 stock of the finest novelties known to the t:a.de. Here 
 will be found Laces of every quality and patterns. Rib- 
 bons, Ladies" Hosiery, aU kinds of Knit Goods, Gloves, 
 and the many articles common to a well-furnished store 
 of this kind. The reputation of the house has secured 
 a trade of large proportion. The store is situated on 
 the main business thoroughfare, convenient to the .'ity 
 trade and that of the surrounding country, and was 
 estaVjlished in 1865 by the present proprietor, 'i'he 
 building is four stories in height, (Mr. Goldsmith oc- 
 cupying the entire ground floor for his business,) has a 
 large and attractive double front of eighteen feet, with 
 a depth of sixty feet. 
 
 Mr. Goldsmith is a native of Germany, but has spent 
 the greater part of his life in this country. For sixteen 
 years he has been engaged in his present business, and 
 during that time has secured a lucrative business, and 
 won for himself a large circle of friends. 
 
 0"WEN SEIBEBT, 
 
 Manufacturer of Coverlets, Counterpanes, 
 Carpets, Stockings, and Dealer in Dry Goods, 
 &c.. No. 520 Northampton Street. 
 An important producing establishment in Easton 
 is that conducted by Mr. Owen Seibert, whose factorj- 
 and store is at No. 526 Northampton Street. His line 
 of production includes Bed t^preads. Coverlets, Coun- 
 terpanes, Stockings, and Carpets, which he turns out in 
 large quantities and finds a ready market in Philadel- 
 phia, where the most of them are shipj)ed. He largely 
 deals in Dry Goods, Cloths, Cassimeres, Blankets, Yarns, 
 and Warps, and carries on a jobbing trade extending 
 throughout the surrounding country. The store is 18x 
 50 feet dimensions, in the rear of which is the factory, a 
 substantial building provided with all the neccessary 
 appliances for the business, the facilities being such 
 that all orders are filled with promptness and dispatch. 
 Mr. Owen Seibert, the proprietor, is a reputable and vig- 
 irous business man, and for a time was engaged in the 
 manufacturing business in Lehigh County. During his 
 business .career he has achieved a success which has 
 been gained by a close study of the wants of his patrons, 
 and by an honorable and straight forward method oi 
 dealing. He is a liberal merchant and popular with a 
 large class of the community. 
 
RESorucios OF THE i.i:iii(;ir vallky. 
 
 55 
 
 NoiiTII 
 
 HESS BROTIIKUS & CO., 
 
 Wholesale Gkoceks, Nos. 25 am 
 Fourth Street. 
 
 Promiueut among those Imu^fs thai iirc iviiiesi-ula- 
 tivo iu theii' particular line is that nC Jiess Brothers- 
 it Co., Wholesale Grocers, Nos. 'JO and JT North Fourth 
 Street, the establishment of which dates back to 1808, 
 M'hcu Messrs H. P. Hess and .Tames Hess, associated 
 themselves together as H. P. Hess & Co. In 1880 the 
 firm was augmented by the addition of Mr. John V. 
 Hess, and they took possessit)n of the large liuildint.' 
 now occupied. This structure is located un Fourth 
 Street, a few doors above Nortliampton, is three-story 
 iu height, and in dimensions sixty feet square. The 
 lower floor, with the exception of ofifices, is principally 
 used for the display of their stock of Groceries, while 
 the second aud third floors serve for the storage of 
 surplus stock, including a full line of Tobaccos and 
 Cigars, the linn making a specialty of these goods. 
 
 A prominent feature of the business is the "Victor 
 Brand" of Package CoflTee, in the ps't-king of which 
 they keep employed five hands. This Coffee, althougli 
 introduced to the trade but one year ago, is now found 
 on sale in every retail grocery establishment in this 
 section. Their sales in this specialty aggregate ten 
 thousand pounds per week, which represents their ca- 
 pacity at the present time. 
 
 The firm are manufacturers of Spices and roasters of 
 Cofl'ee, their works being located on Ferry Street, the 
 building being of three stories, 100x40 feet, and sup- 
 plied with improved machinery for the manufacture 
 of Spices of all kinds, the capacity, reaching five tons 
 of Spices and Cotfee per day. An engine of twelve 
 horse power furnishes the ucce.s.sary p()^^•er for the two 
 departments. 
 
 Another branch of the finn's (•uter)iris(' is the man- 
 ufacture of Vinegar at their factory on Bushkill Street, 
 where they annually produce about livi^ ' tliousand 
 barrels and keep iu stock about one thcuisand barrels. 
 
 The firm employs twenty hands, and in the manage- 
 ment of tlieir afiairs a large capital. 
 
 The finn is comjjosed of Messrs. H. P. Hess and John 
 F. Hess, and their father, Mr. James Hess. Tlie former 
 gentlemen, who are the active members nf the firm, 
 illustratein their successful management nf the trade, 
 their thorough knowledge of the business. 
 
 Mr. James Hess, the third member of tlie firm, is not 
 only identified with this enterprise, but with several 
 others, among them the "West Ward Passenger Kailway' 
 of Easton, of which he is the sole proprietor, aud is a 
 stockholder in the Lehigh Slate Quarry, of Slatington. 
 
 JOHN POLLOCK, 
 
 Manufacturer of Brushes, 222 Northampton 
 
 Street. 
 Among the old established enterprises of Eastou is 
 that of Mr. John Pollock, manufacturer of Brushes, 
 whose business was started in 18;10. He became con- 
 nected with the works as proprii'tor in 18:V1 and has 
 since that time conducted them successfully. 'The 
 factory is located on Church Street, and is a two-storN- 
 frame building, 30,x'Jl feet in dimensions, supplied with 
 modern machinery for the manufacture of all kinds 
 of Brushes. Quality is the main object considered in 
 IJr. Pollock's productions and in the manufacture <if 
 good and ser\'iccable Brushes, he has achieved a wide- 
 spread reputation. In his business he employs seven- 
 teen workman, the majority of whom are skilled in 
 their trade. 
 
 The wholesale and retail department is located in a 
 fine store, 19x85 feet, at No. '222 Northampton Street, 
 where is carried an extensive stock of Brushes, embrac- 
 ing goods manufactured by himself aud others. The 
 
 facilities fur .^upplyiiigtlie trade aresuch that all ordeiB 
 are sure of prompt attention and immediate filling. 
 
 Mr. Pollock is a native of Easton aud his long busi- 
 ness career has made liim fully acquainted with the 
 details of the manufacture of Brushes, and all goods 
 coming from his establishment are such as to command 
 a prominent position among the products of simular 
 houses. 
 
 Personally he is greatly respected as a gentlemen, 
 whose business career extends o\-er a half ceutuiy of 
 I'.aston's growth and progress. 
 
 C. W. MEEKER, 
 
 Stoves and Hardware, No. 313 Northampton 
 Street. 
 
 A promineiit house is tliat of C. W. Meeker, whole- 
 sale and retail dealer in Stoves, Tin-ware, House Fur- 
 nishing Goods of all kinds, at No. 313 Northampton 
 Street, where he established the business in 187,'). The 
 store has a depth of one hundred and ten feet, with a 
 trontof sixteen feet, giving ample space for the display 
 of choice goods in his line. He keeps a large assort- 
 ment of Stoves, including every make and pattern from 
 the large and serviceable cook to the elegant self-feed- 
 er for parlor use, a specialty being a wrought iron furnace, 
 manufactured by himself, which has a large sale. He 
 also has iu stock an extended variety of House Fur- 
 nishing Goods, while the a.ssortment of Hardware and 
 Cutlery is extensive. A full line of Builders' Hardware, 
 Cement aud Plaster, makes his establishment desirable 
 for those contemplating building and improvements. 
 
 Jhe business transacted is wholesale and retail, spe- 
 cial attention being given to the retail branch. The 
 trade of the house stretches over Eastou aud surrounding 
 country and is rapidly increasing. 
 
 Mr. Meeker is a native of Easton, and. was for seven 
 years in business with Mr. Mack, and two years a 
 member of the firm of Chidder & Meeker, his whole 
 business career covering a period of sixteen yeais. 
 
 EDWARD ABLE, 
 
 Cakpets and Oil Cloths, No. 352 Nobthamitos 
 Street. 
 
 The only liouse in Easton devoted exclusively to the 
 Carpet trade is that ol' Mr. Able, who established the 
 business in i)-4!i. and occupies a large store, having a 
 depth of one htuidrcd feet with a front of twenty-five, 
 adjoining the Opera H(nise. 
 
 A large business is conducted both in the wholesale 
 and retail ))ranches, aud his trade embraces most of 
 the best families of this section. His stock comprises 
 Brussels. Ingrain, and other Carpets, Rugs, Mattings, 
 Oil Cloths, Window Shades aud Fixtures, Window Cor- 
 nices, Brackets, &c., aud is at all times complete and well 
 .selected. • 
 
 A prominent feature of his business is making and 
 putting down carpets, thus assuming all the chances of 
 nice tils, and enabling him to guarantee good work. 
 
 His stock, in quantity and quality, is not equaled by 
 any other house in this vicinity, and is offered with 
 such inducements as to prices as cannot fail to meet the 
 wants of his customers, 
 
 Mr. .Vble docs quite an extensive trade in supplying 
 mcrchant-sin the surrounding country towns with goods 
 in his line, and is vireparedto offer small dealers special 
 inducements. He has always in stock the latest patterns, 
 from the finest Axminster to the cheapest Ingrain. 
 
 Mr. Able is a native of Easton, and is one of its most 
 enterprising and public spirited citizens. The beauti- 
 ful OixM-a House bearing his name, is one of the notable 
 instances of his interest in this place, aud ls highly 
 appreciated by its citizens. 
 
RESOUKCES OF THE LEU Kill VALLEY. 
 
 H. G. TOMBLER, 
 
 Wholesale Grocer, Corner Third and Ferry 
 Streets. 
 
 Among the representative houses of Easton devoted 
 to the Grocery trade, we take pleasure in calling the at- 
 tention of the consuming community to that of H. G. 
 Tonibler, corner of Third and Ferry Streets. 
 
 For twenty years this house has been before the pub- 
 lic. Established in 1861, by Daly & Tonibler, it contin- 
 ued under that title until the death of Mr. Daly in 1877, 
 when Mr. Tombler succeeded to the sole proprietorship. 
 
 miring all this period it has been recognized as a 
 promiiif nt one in promoting the commerce of this city, 
 which, in more than an ordinary manner, it has done 
 mncli toonhauceand foster. The premises occupied 
 are a tine four-story building, 26x150 feet, pos.se.ssing all 
 theajipoiiitments necessary for the proper conducting 
 of a large trade. 
 
 Jobbing in (iroceries and Smoked Meats, the house 
 is prepared to olfer exeiy inducement to the trade that 
 cau be accorded in this market. His trade in smoked 
 provisions has grown to be the largest in this section, 
 amoiuiting to over one million pounds per annum and 
 is steadily increasing. We desire to call particular 
 attention to the fine grade and flavor of this product of 
 the liousc, which in a measure is a specially of his 
 business. The smoke-house being located on Ferry 
 Street adjoining the store, Mr. Tombler is enabled to 
 personally conduct and supervise the proper curing and 
 smoking of all meat and to this fact much of the reputa- 
 tion which the product has, is due. 
 
 In addition to this, and the line of heavy and staple 
 groceries, a general line of Tobaccos is carried, en- 
 abling him to meet all the requirement:} of his trade. 
 
 Ten men are employed in various capacities by the j 
 house, and it is represented on the road by competent 
 ■wide-awake salesmen. 
 
 Mr. n. G. Tombler is a native of Easton, and was born 
 in 18o0. He is prominently identitied with all mea- 
 sures pertaining to the welfare of the community ac- 
 tive in the prosecution of his business, and is regar<le<l 
 as an upright citizen, a careful conservative business 
 man, and one, who.se success and reputation are as de- 
 served as they are substantial. 
 
 W. H. LEE, 
 
 Cakriace, Sleigh and Hkarse Body Maker, No. 
 
 31 North Fifth Street. 
 Mr. W. H. Lee has been engaged in making of Car- 
 riage, Sleigh and Hearse Bodies in Easton for a number 
 Of years. He is a practical carriage maker, having had 
 
 an experience of twenty years in the business. He 
 first estalilislied this enterprise in 1873, and occupies a 
 shop having dimensions of SOxlO feet, in which he em- 
 ploys live skilled workmen, and turns out some of the 
 linest work made in this part of Pennsylvania, which 
 will bear favorable compari-son with that of the more 
 pretentious cities. His productions consist principally 
 in getting out the wood work of the bodies of (Carriages,. 
 Sleighs, and Hearses of all kinds and styles, which tind 
 a market in all portions of the surrounding country. 
 
 Mr. Lee is a well-known citizen, and native of Kaston, 
 where he has an established reputation as a reliable 
 business man and citizen. 
 
 P. BARNITT & CO., 
 
 Paper Hangers, 425 Northampton Street. 
 
 To make home cheerful and inviting is the desire of 
 every hou.sekeeper, and it is clearly evident that noth- 
 ing can add so much to the interior beauty of a house 
 as neat paper on the wall. 
 
 The many improvements in the manufacture of Wall 
 Paper have revolutionized the trade, and we now have 
 adornments that are positive works of art. In com- 
 mending upon the houses in Easton devoted to this 
 particular business, it is only justice to note the estab- 
 lishment of P. Barnitt & Co., who are located at No. 
 425 Northampton Street, where they are the recipients 
 of a large share of the trade of this community. In 
 1875 this business was started one door above where 
 now located, and was removed to present location in 1880 
 to better accommodate their increasing patronage. The 
 firm make a specialty of fine wall paper anddecorati:,n, 
 keeping in stock a line, that is attractive in beautiful 
 designs and richness, and are in every respect fully jirc- 
 pared to do flrst-class work. The firm possess veiy 
 superior taste in the selection of goods and the combin- 
 ing of colors, which is the secret in making handsome 
 ceiling and beautiful wall, and work in this depart- 
 ment entrusted to them is guaranteed to give .satisfac- 
 tion. They also carry a stock of window shades, fix- 
 tures, etc., equalling any other house in the city. 
 
 Mr. Barnitt is a native of Philadelphia, but for about 
 eight years has been a resident of Easton, where he is 
 recognized as an enterprising gentleman, thoroughly 
 understanding the details of his busines.-. His Ik u.'-e 
 possesses the confidence of the community, as a 
 thoroughly reliable place for the goods. 
 
 CHARLES BARRON, 
 
 Farm and Express Wagon Builder, No. 682. 
 Northa.mpton Street. 
 
 One ofthe importantof the many industrial enterprises 
 carried on in Easton, is that conducted by Mr. Charles 
 Barron, builder of Farm and Express Wagjus. He has 
 been engaged in this busine.s.s since 1837, having began 
 it in an unpretentious way in the immediate vicinity 
 of Easton, and removed here in 1845, where he has been 
 successful, and his workmanship highly spoken of, 
 both as regards to style and durability. His workshops 
 occupy a lot 38x120 feet dimensions, and compri.se a 
 smith shop, wood-working shop, paint shop, Ac, fully 
 supplied with all the requisite machinery, and where a 
 number of skilled workmen areemployed. Asa builder 
 of farm, express and light business wagons, he has 
 gained a high reputation and is known as a reliable 
 workman, a fact evidenced by the number of wagons 
 from his establishment that may be seen throughout 
 this section of the country. Mr. Barron is a thorough, 
 practical workman, and was brought up to the business. 
 
 He was born in Springfield township, Bucks County, 
 in 1813, and for many years has been a resident of 
 Eastou. 
 
RESOURCES OP THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 67 
 
 SAMUEL DRINKHOUSE, 
 
 Hats, Cars AND Furs, Corner Centre Square 
 AND Northampton Strkkts. 
 
 The oldest establislnncnt in Eiiston is the Hat, Cavi 
 and Fur store of Samuel Drinkliouse. situated at the 
 corner of Centre Square and Northaniiituu Street, whieh 
 had its origin by the present proprietor in 1823, many 
 eyears before any other house now in existence was 
 stablislud. He. at lliis early time, (pi lud his business 
 in a small buildiutr upon a portion of the ground on 
 South Third Street, now f)eeupiert by Porter's Block, 
 where he remained until purchasing the property 
 where now located, to which he removed in 1M2, cov- 
 ering a period of forty years in one location. In his 
 early days, he was engaged in the manufacture of hats 
 for the Philadelphia trade, giving employment to 
 many hands. He finally relinquished this department, 
 devoting his time and energies to the retail trade, and 
 is recognized as one of the leaders in his business. The 
 store has a frontage on Northampton Street of 72 feet, 
 and 26'feet \ipou Centre Square, giving a large area for 
 the display of Hats and Caps, which includes every 
 Style for men's, youth's and boy's wear. During the 
 season, the stock of Furs is large and valuable, his long 
 experience making him a most acceptable person for 
 the handling of these goods. 
 
 Mr. Prinkhouse was born in Reading in 1804, and at 
 the age of thirteen years was apprenticed to learn the 
 hatting trade, and from that time to the present, a 
 period of sixty-four years, he has continuously been 
 engaged in this trade. In 1823 he came to Easton and 
 established himself, where his long business career has 
 made him hosts of friends, who esteem him as an up- 
 right and conscientious citizen. The name of Samuel 
 Drinkhouse is known far and wide, his reputation for 
 fair dealing having been early made and .strictly main- 
 tained. 
 
 A. STETTNER, 
 
 New York Clothing House, No. 118 Northaimp- 
 
 TON Street. 
 The "Down Town Clothier," Mr. A. Stettner.at No. 118 
 Northampton Street, has been engaged in business in 
 Easton for ten years, and has become popular with a 
 large class of trade by reason of his keeping a full 
 stock of ready-made reasonable and fashionable cloth- 
 ing, which he offers at prices that compare favorably 
 with those in New York. He also has a large assort- 
 ment of Trunks, Vali.scs and Traveling Bags and a 
 complete line of Hats and Caps, and conducts a large 
 trade. The .store is neatly and conveniently arranged 
 and every facility is afforded those who visit his estab- 
 lishment. He is an enterpirising citizen and enjoys the 
 confidence of a large patronage, which he has drawn 
 around him by his systematic and popular method of 
 doing business. 
 
 JOSEPH .JOHNSON, 
 
 (;ko(i:r and Dealer in Fine Canned Goods, No. 
 loi) Northampton Street. 
 
 The establishment of Mr. Joseph Johnson is popular 
 as a resort for the inu-chnse of fine Groceries, Canned 
 Goods and Delicacies. He has been engaged in this 
 special branch of business since l.ST'.t, and occupies a 
 store i'lx-V) feet in dimensions, in which he has a full 
 and complete stock of choice Groceries, carefully se- 
 lected, and comprising all those articles known as gro- 
 cers' specialties, and the various substantials and del- 
 icacies in Fruits, Fish, Meats and Fowl, in Canned 
 Goods. His store is popular and he enjoys a large 
 trade. 
 
 lie is a native of New Jersey, but has been for many 
 years a citizen of EasfOn, wluW-e he has gaii'ied a sub- 
 stantial reputation as a merchant and business man. 
 
 JOSEPH V. CU.\TER, 
 
 Whoi.i.sai.e I)eai,e.r in General Produce, Corn- 
 er ThiiU) and Ferkv Streets. 
 
 Easton from its advantageous position affords a ready 
 market for the distribution of all kindsof produce, in 
 whicli business there are several enterprising firms 
 engaged, among whom is Mr. Joseph F. Crater, at the 
 Corner of Third and Ferrj- Streets, who is well known 
 throughout the valley as a wholesale dealer in Butter, 
 Egg-, Potatoes, .Vpfjles. Cheese, Eur.l and Foreign and 
 Domestic Fruits, etc. Mr. Crater established this bus- 
 iness at Hackettstown in 18.1;'), and removed to 1-jiston 
 in 18ti8, since which time it ha; been .steadily gniwing 
 and now carries on one of the largest trades in this da.ss 
 of goods in Easton, and gives enii>loyment to ten hands 
 in the diflVrent department of the business 
 
 Mr. Crater is a native of Hackettstown, N. J., and 
 since his residence in Easton, has become popular as a 
 business man and citizen. The large trade he now 
 conducts, extends throughout the Lehigh Valley, 
 through Pennsylvania, New Jersey and New York. At 
 Lewistown, in Pennsylvania, a brunch house is located, 
 where an extensive trade is carried on in connection 
 with the Easton house. 
 
 EUREKA MILLS, 
 
 TiLoHiMAN Kepler, Flour, Feed and Grain, 
 Mills on Bushkill Creek, Office and Store 
 115 South Third Street. 
 In the Eastern portion of the Lehigh Valley there 
 are a number of flour and grist mills, the many water 
 courses in that section affording ample power. Promi- 
 nent among those so engaged is Mr. Tilghman Kepler, 
 proprietor of the Eureka Mills, situated on the Bush- 
 kill Creek, about two miles from the borough of Easton. 
 The mill, erected in 18S0 on the site of the old one, 
 which was destroyed by fire, is a substantial structure, 
 furnished throughout with all the neces.sary appli- 
 ances and machinery, and has live run of stone driven 
 by a powerful turbine water wheel, and turns out a 
 large quantity of flour annually, which finds a ready 
 market among the cities and towns through the Lehigh 
 Valley. Mr. Kepler lias an office and store for the sup- 
 ply of the local trade at No. 115 South Third Street. 
 He handles considerable flour, a large quantity of grain, 
 feed, &c., and pays the highest market rates for grain, 
 and carries on an extensive trade with all the sur- 
 rounding country. 
 
 He resides near the mill in Fork's Township, and is 
 prominently known throughout this section of the 
 .State, where he has for many years resided and been 
 identified with the milling interest. 
 
 WILLIAM EVERHART, 
 
 Bottler. No. 12 North Fifth Street. 
 
 Among those who have achieved a high reputation 
 as Bottlers of Porter, .\le, Lager Beer, Mineral Waters, 
 (iinger Ale, &c., is Mr. William Everhart. whose Bot- 
 tling House is at No. 12 North Fifth Street, where he 
 has every facility and convenience for carrying on 
 the business. He luis built ui> a large trade in Easton 
 and its neighborhoo<l, and keeps a numl)er of a.ssistants 
 constantly engaged in filling orders. He nuikes a spe- 
 cialty of Birch Beer, a refreshing and cooling summer 
 beverage which is highly prized by the community for 
 its excellence. 
 
 Mr. Everhart has been established in this business 
 since 1S77. since which time he has largely increased 
 his custom and made many improvments in his Bot- 
 tling House. 
 
 He is anative of this-eity and highly esteemed as a 
 businessman and citizen. 
 
58 
 
 RESOURCES OE THE LEIIKill VALEirr, 
 
 M. J. RIEGEL, 
 
 Bookseller and Stationkr, 332 Northampton 
 Street. 
 
 While reviewing the inaiuifacturing interests and en- 
 terprises of Easton, noting those things that are reraarli- 
 able, and observing particularly the character of the 
 worlf here executed, the extent of such productions, 
 and the general bearing upon the industries and pros- 
 perity of the coraiiiunity, we must not in any manner 
 fail to do justice to those establishments that do so 
 much to elevate society by the dissemination of the pro- 
 ducts of the press, and to provide for their use such 
 other evidences of refinement and education as may be 
 required. We have reference to the Bookseller and Sta- 
 tioner, the most prominent in this branch of trade in 
 Easton being Mr. M. J. Riegel, whose elegant establish- 
 ment is located at 332 Northampton Street. 
 
 In gleaning facts historically of this house, we find 
 that its inception begins with the year 1864, when Mr. 
 Riegel started in a moderate way the business of book- 
 seller and stationer, which has grown from year to year 
 to proportions that are astonishing, and demonstrating 
 to the public the result of a thorough knowledge of 
 the business closely applied. In reviewing the stock 
 here found, we must include such a variety and quality 
 as it would be expected to be found in the larger estab- 
 lishments of Philadelphia and New York, and so large 
 as to retlect in a most creditable manner the superior 
 character of the citizens of the community. It in- 
 cludes a full and complete line of Miscellaneous Books, 
 Sunday School Books, School and College Text Books, 
 Mathematical Instruments, Gold Pens, Stationery, etc., 
 etc.. The trade is not confined to retail sales, but em- 
 braces a large wholesale business, he being the source 
 ■of supply for many of the smaller establishments in 
 Easton, and throughout Central New Jersey. 
 
 The store occupied has a front of eighteen feet, with 
 a depth of one hundred and fifty feet, and finished 
 with every appointment for the successful handling of 
 his trade, and employing in the varioxis departments 
 an able corps of assistants. 
 
 In conclusion, we must say as a matter of sijnple jus- 
 tice, and without the slightest intention of laudation, 
 that the enterprise established by Mr. Riegel in this 
 community, has not only been highly promotive of its 
 industrial thrift, but has been managed and conducted 
 upon business principles so honorable and straightfor- 
 ward as to have secured for the house and its founder 
 an esteem as justly, as it is rarely, acquired. 
 
 JOHN H. ODENWELDER, 
 
 Foreign and Domestic Segars and Tobacco, 
 No. 302 Northampton Street. 
 
 A prominent representative in the segar and tobacco 
 trade in Easton, is Mr. John 11. Odenwelder, whose at- 
 tractive and well stocked store is located at No. 302 
 Northampton Street, where is a fine line of Segars of 
 the choices brands of Havana and Domestic manufac- 
 ture, and an elegant assortment of chewing and smok- 
 ing Tobacco, the productions of the most noted makers 
 in the country, together with smokers' articles of all 
 kinds. 
 
 Mr. Odenwelder established this business in January, 
 1880, since which time he has drawn around him a large 
 and substantial patronage, which has been gained by 
 the superior excellence of his stock of goods, and by 
 the uniform courtesy he displays toward all who favor 
 him with their patronage. 
 
 Mr. Odenwelder is a native of South Easton, where 
 he was born in 1836, and has always been identified 
 with the material interest of this section, both in pub- 
 lic and private life. During the administration ol Pres- 
 ident Andrew Jackson, he was postmaster at Bath, 
 
 Ni)rtliani])ton ('ouiily. and from l.Sill) to 1873. was in 
 charge of tlic Ijackawaniia Hail linad, a position he 
 filled in tlie iiiDst satisfactory manner; discharging his 
 duties riiithfully anil receiving the highest econi- 
 ums i'niiu tlu' (illii-crs of the Company for tlie syste- 
 matic luiuinerin wliicli its affairs were conducted while 
 under liis supervision. In isyo he was elected Recorder 
 of Deeds for this county, wliich office he filled for two 
 terms with lionor and fi<lelity. lie has helped to foster 
 and promote the best interests of Easton and has 
 taken a prominent part in all atfairs tending towards 
 its advancement. As a business man he is enterprising 
 and reliable, and as a citizen highly esteemed. 
 
 FOX & FULMER, 
 
 Jewelers, 345 Noutiiami'Ton Street. 
 
 In the various branches of business pursued in Easion 
 that of jeweler is one of the most important. Among 
 the number of first-class houses in this business is 
 that of Fox & Fulmer, at No. 345 Northampton Street. 
 This house is quite young, having been establis-hed in 
 April, 1880, and was at once stocked with a very hand- 
 some assortment of Jewelery. They now carry a large 
 stock, among which may be found a splendid variety 
 of fine Gold and Silver Watches, Clocks, Solid and Plated 
 Table Ware, Spectacles, etc., which can be supplied to 
 purchasers at city prices. They occupy a handsome 
 double front store, of 22x40 feet in dimensions, fitted 
 with elegant show cases and cabinet. Though but little 
 more than a year at this stand, they have already estab- 
 lished a fine reputation and carry a selection of .fine 
 jewelry not exceeded by any other house in the city. 
 
 Both members of the firm are life-long residents of 
 Easton, the senior, Mr. Fox, for thirty years a member 
 of the lirmof Bixler & Fox, and possessing an experi- 
 ence that has given the new enterprise a position from 
 its start. They are practical watchmakers and jewel- 
 ers, fully acquainted with every branch of thebusinc.ss, 
 and gentlemen possessing the esteem of all who know 
 them. 
 
 SEITZ BROTHERS, 
 
 Brewers and Bottlers, Corner Bushkill and 
 Front Streets. 
 
 Of the brewers in the Valley who have distinguished 
 themselves in their vocation, we note the firm of Seitz 
 Brothers, as having had no small share in the develop- 
 ment of trade in this department, and the manufac- 
 ture of a product that ^vill bear favorable comparison 
 with any in the United States. 
 
 The business was estal>lished in 1821, when Mr. Fred- 
 erick Seitz, Sr., the father of the present firm c.ame to 
 Easton, and in connection with his uncle and his cousin, 
 started a brewery. Mr. Seitz successfully carried on 
 the business, increasing it by the addition of new build- 
 ings, machinery, etc., until 1867, when he retired, hav- 
 ing accumulated considerable property and possessing 
 the respect of the people throughout his business terri- 
 tory. 
 
 The firm occupy several buildings, the brewery and 
 malt house being both of brick, the bottling establish- 
 ment and buildings, all of frame. In the various de- 
 partments of their business, they give employment 
 during the business season to about sixty men, and an- 
 nually produce about ten tliousand barrels beer, and bot- 
 tle about five hundred dozen per day. They own two 
 boats, one on the Morris and Essex Canal, the other on 
 the Lehigh, the former going east to Dover, N. J., the 
 latter to Mauch Chunk upon the we.st, to distribute 
 the beer among their patrons along the route. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are John, 
 Henry and William Seitz. The quality of beer manu- 
 factured ranks favorably with any now made in this 
 country. 
 
EESOl RCKS OF THE LKIUGH VATJ>EY. 
 
 JOSEPH nv.cK, 
 
 Manukactukki! ok CAnr.iAOKS, Coknkr Front 
 
 AND Sprinl; Oakimcn Stkkkts. 
 Among tlie carriage works of the Lehigh Valley that 
 have a staiiilard reputation for superior work will be 
 found the industry of Joseph Heck, located at the cor- 
 ner of Front and Spring 'iaiden Streets, Kaston. These 
 works were established several years ago, by Mr. O. L. 
 Godfrey, Mr. Beck becoming connected with them in 
 1S76, under the firm of Godfrey & Beck. In ISVS the se- 
 nior member retired, and the present proprietor was 
 tUone left to prosecute the enterprise. The works oc- 
 cupy a most desirable situation, being convenient for 
 his trade both in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and 
 consist of a lliree-story brick building, 30x50 feet; a 
 frame and stone structure, 2*2x55 feet, and a number of 
 outbuildings, thoroughly titted throughout with the re- 
 quisite appliances for the proper prosecution of the 
 business. Mr. Beck manufactuves all kinds of Carriages, 
 Road Wagons, including Buggies, Fall and Standing 
 Top Pliaeton, Family Vehicles, Doctor's Gigs, Light Open 
 Wagons, and the many other different styles in use in 
 this section of the country. He keeps in stock a variety 
 of carriages of the best workmanship, beautiful in con- 
 struction, linish, and perfect taste, and fully warranted 
 to equal tlie best make in the market. Mr. Beck gives 
 particular attention to building carriages to order, and 
 few manufacturers anywhere enjoy a higher reputation 
 for superiority of production, or for elegance and com- 
 pleteness of linish. His trade is not confined to North- 
 ampton County, but extends throughout the greater 
 part of Warren County, New Jersey, and it is gradually 
 increasing wherever his work has been introduced. 
 
 Mr. Beck is a native of Scotland, where he was born 
 in 1843, and when reaching the age of seven years came 
 to this country. He learned the trade of carriage build- 
 ing and brings to bear in tlie construction of his work 
 practical information that is manifest in the produc- 
 tion of his manufactory. He has been a resident of 
 Easton for thirteen years, and is well known as an en- 
 terprising aud active business gentleman, command- 
 ing the respect and esteem of all with whom he is 
 brought in contact. He is serving his third term as a 
 member of the Borough Council, representing the Third 
 ward. 
 
 FRANK KNECHT, 
 
 Photographer, 354 Northampton Street. 
 
 The growth of photographic art has kept pace with 
 developments in other branches of science, and each 
 year there are brought out attractions that seem to sur- 
 pass all previous etlbits. Among the galleries located 
 in Ea.ston, that of Mr. Frank Knecht is probably the 
 oldest, it having been established by his father in 1848, 
 who in 18.J2, removed to the present location, 354 North- 
 ampton btreet, where the whole third floor is occupied 
 and fitted up with spacious waiting and operating rooms. 
 The son became the proprietor April 1, 1881, and at once 
 infused into the business new ideas, adopting all the 
 latest improvements in photography, aud producing 
 pictures the equal of any gallery in this community. 
 His facilities embrace oil and crayon work, and the 
 many attractive and beautiful styles of photographs. 
 Mr. K. possesses many handsome scenes, backgrour,ds, 
 and other accessories, which in connection with the su- 
 perior sky-lights, enables him to insure the utmost sat- 
 isfaction. .\ specialty is made of stereo.scopic views, 
 he having unusual facilities f)r this particular work, 
 and has given to the world many of the attractive 
 views that abound in this vicinity. 
 
 Mr. Knecht is a native of Easton, and a young gen- 
 tleman ihoroughly uuderstandiug bis profession. 
 
 ACKKK^^AN & R.VK.'^LY. 
 
 JkWKI.KUS, 123 NORTHAAFPTON SrHKKT. 
 
 Enterprise is pe<'uliarly a fciUiire >if ti.e American 
 people, no other nation displaying it to the same degree 
 as is common in tliis country. This is i)rominent in the 
 cliannels of tra<le, and constantly the business world i» 
 being entered upon by new competitors. Among the 
 enterprising lirms of Jewelers in Easton, is that of Ack- 
 erman i Kaesly, who established themselves in busi- 
 ness in .Vpril, issi, at once sto<;king their store with a 
 beautiful and clioice line of American and Swiss 
 Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Spectacles and Eye-Glasses, 
 aud a multitude of similar goods usually found in a 
 store of its kind. The design of the firm is to make a 
 specialty of Wut;ches and Clocks aud the repairing of 
 timepieces. Their location is at No. 423 Nortluimpton 
 Street, opposite the Franklin House, where they are 
 prepared to receive their friends and patrons. They 
 are both skillful and practical watchmakers, fully com- 
 petent to repair and adjust all watches, clocks and 
 time pieces. The prices of goods at this establishment 
 are very reasonable, no false representations are ever 
 made respecting the quality of the goods sold, and 
 everything is guaranteed to be in exact accordance 
 with the statements made in regard to it. 
 
 The members of the firm are T. F. Ackerman and 
 S. E. Raesly, both young men, and well calculated to 
 conduct successfully an enterprise of this kind. 
 
 JOHN A. WEAVER, 
 
 Pharmacist, No. 5 South Third Street, Por- 
 ter's Block. 
 
 The popular establishment of Mr. Weaver located in 
 Porter's Block, South Third Street, Avas conducted by 
 Mr. W. N. Purden, who established the business in 1868, 
 and in 1873 it came under the control of Mr. Weaver, 
 who makes a specialty of compounding pharmaceutical 
 preparations, which have become popular aud are high- 
 ly endorsed by the medical faculty. He also dispenses 
 pure Drugs and Medicines, and gives particular atten- 
 tion to the compounding of physicians' and family pre- 
 scriptions. 
 
 An important branch of Mr. Weaver's business is the 
 manufacture of Soda Water, and supplying dealers 
 with Soda and Mineral Waters. He keeps a large stock 
 of the most popular waters constantly on hand. He 
 also has a well selected stock of druggists' sundries and 
 specialties, including all the well known and highly 
 endorsed proprietary medicines, and occupies a tastefully 
 arranged store, having a front of 18 feet with a depth of 
 40 feet. 
 
 Mr. Weaver is a native of Easton, and a regular grad- 
 ute in Pharmacy from the Philadelphia College. He 
 is a careful and accurate druggist, aud gives his per- 
 sonal attention to all branches of the business. 
 
 H. H. SHELLENBERGER, 
 
 Grocer, Corner Third and Ferry Streets. 
 The well known grocery stand at the corner of Third 
 and Ferry Streets, now under the management of Mr. H. 
 H. Shellenberger, is the oldest in Easton and one of the 
 land marks of the city. He engaged in the grocery bus- 
 iness at this old stand in 1S7G, and has always conduct- 
 ed a large and substantial trade in Groceries, Fruits, 
 and Vegetables, keeping at all times a well selected and 
 fresh stock, bought direct from first hands, and can 
 offer inducements it would be difficult to duplicate in 
 
 other sections. , . ^ ^ „ 
 
 Mr. Shellenberger is a native of Dauphin County, Pa., 
 where he was born in 1828, and was formerly in the 
 dry goods and grocery business in Schuylkill County 
 previous to his removal to Easton in 187(5. He is a cour- 
 teous and prompt business man, and well regarded by 
 the trade. 
 
60 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 HENRY McKEEN & CO., 
 
 Manufactubers OF Cotton Goods, Lehigh Mills, 
 South Easton. 
 In reviowiug the Lehigh Valley the writer was par- 
 ticularly attracted to an enterprise that now stands 
 alone in the valley as the only representative of its par- 
 tionlav branch of manufacture— the well-known "Le- 
 high Mills," situated in South Easton. These mills so 
 favorably located along the railroad and canal, were 
 established in 18;M by Swift & Black, who remained the 
 proprietors of the industry for twelve years, being suc- 
 ceeded in 1848 by McKeen & Quinn, who built the large 
 brick building now a portion of the property. This 
 firm continued at the head of the null, through the 
 vicissitudes of business, incident to the period prior to 
 the war and the trying times of that memorable con- 
 flict, until 1865, when they dissolved, and a new fii-m 
 known as McKeen & Co., was organized, the senior of 
 this firm being a brother of the one in the former co- 
 partnership. This firm continued without change until 
 1872, when it became McKeen & Raphael, who con- 
 tinued it successfully for eight years, or until 1880, when 
 Mr. R. retired, and a grandson of the senior was asso- 
 ciated, the title becoming Henry McKeen & Co., as now 
 constituted. 
 
 The plant of the firm, as we have already stated, is 
 very desirably situated, being located upon a stretch of 
 land between the canal and railroad, in South 
 Easton, about one-quarter of a mile west of the iron 
 bridge crossing the Lehigh river, convenient for the 
 receipt and shipment of all goods, and otherwise pos- 
 sessing advantages that places it above simular indus- 
 tries in Eastern Pennsylvania. The buildings are not 
 only numerous, but extensive, comprising in part as 
 follows : one stone mill, 46x66 feet in dimension, with 
 four stories and a-half; one brick structure 78x72 feet, 
 and of four stories and basement; two weaving mills, 
 one of 95x42 feet, of stone, with three stories and a-half; 
 the other of 83x36 feet, with three stories; dying house, 
 36x59 feet, one story and a-half ; and two other out- 
 buildings, 20x40 feet and 20x50 feet. 
 
 The canal is utilized by the use of a three hundred 
 horse power over-shot water wheel, which furnishes 
 sufficient power for every needed purpose of the mills. 
 They are equipped with every modern appliance, in- 
 cluding three hundred looms and nine thousand 
 spindles, for the rapid manufacture of cotton goods, 
 they producing these specialties alone, and annually 
 putting into the market two million yards of them, 
 giving employment to about three hundred hands— in 
 point of numbers employed, emphatically the largest 
 industry in the Eastern end of the Lehigh Valley. 
 
 Their goods are principally sold through their 
 agents, the mills being represented by Keyser, Town- 
 send & Co., 83 and 85 North St., New York city ; Lewis 
 Brothers & Co., Philadelphia and New York, and other 
 prominent houses in Baltimore and Chicago. 
 
 The senior of this firm, and the active head of the en- 
 terprise, is Mr. Henry McKeen, Sr., a gentleman of wide 
 experience in these goods, and an able and conserva- 
 tive business man. He was born in Ireland in the year 
 1794, and in 1816 came to this country, possessed 
 with that fervor and natural ingenuity so common to 
 his countrymen. A few years later he began business 
 on Market street, Philadelphia, where he spent forty- 
 three years engaged in the importing of watches, and 
 the sale of Britania ware and jewelry, whiclr he 
 relinquished in 1865 to enter into the present business. 
 Although well advanced in years, Mr. McKeen possesses 
 a vigor and activity that still permits him to personally 
 attend the management of the mills, in which he is ably 
 assisted by his partner, Mr. Henry McKeen, Jr'. This 
 gentleman was born in the city of Philadelphia in 1852, 
 and became connected with the mills in 1876, enter- 
 
 ing as a member of ijo Hini iu 1S80. He is a gt-ntlcman 
 possessed of business tact and superior executive 
 ability, which he brings to bear in a most creditable 
 manner in conducting the aflairs of the mill^. 
 
 In conclusion, it is but left to say, that the production* 
 of the "Lehigh Mills" have a reputation extemling over 
 tlie breadth of the country, and wherever introducecl 
 have never failed to become recognized as am.ong the 
 best in the market. 
 
 L. STRAUS & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers and Dealers in Segars, To- 
 bacco, &c.. No. 416 Northampton Street. 
 The manufacture of segars is an important industry 
 in Easton, and is well represented by the firm of L. 
 Straus & Co. The business was established in 1879 by 
 Mr. M. A. Straus, and was successfully carried on by 
 him until the Spring of 1881, when the present firm 
 succeeded him, A large, well arranged and attractive 
 store is occupied at No. 416 Northampton Street, and a 
 choice stock of Havana and Domestic Segars, Smoking 
 and Chewing Tobacco and a general stock of Pipes 
 and Smokers' Articles are displayed, and a lucrative 
 patronage enjoyed from a large class of citizens. The 
 firm are also engaged iu the manufacture of segars of 
 both foreign and domestic leaf of the following well 
 known popular brands, " The Geraldine," " Horse Pa- 
 role," "Opera House," "Half Shell," "Five Colors," and 
 " High Life," which have become staple in the market 
 in this vicinity, and highly appreciated for their flavor 
 and general excellence. These goods are well made by 
 skilled workmen in the factory in the rear of the store. 
 Messrs. Straus & Co. are recognized among tlie leading 
 manufacturers of fine segars in this section of the 
 Lehigh Valley. 
 
 The firm is prominently connected with the business 
 interests of Easton, and their store is a resort for those 
 in quest of fine segars and choice smoking and chew- 
 ing tobacco. As a business firm they are reliable and 
 straightforward, and take special pains to please all 
 patrons. 
 
 ISAAC GOLDSMITH. 
 
 Manufacturer and Dealer in Fine Cigars, 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Leaf Tob.vc- 
 co. No. 324 Northampton Street. 
 Of the inany establishments in this city devoted to 
 the manufacture and sale of Cigars and Smokers' Sup- 
 plies, a prominent place is that owned and conducted 
 by Mr. Isaac Goldsmith, at No. 324 Northampton street. 
 It was started in 1868 by the present proprietor, with a 
 small capital, which he has gradually increased, and is 
 now recognized as one of the leaders in this branch of 
 trade in Easton. The retail store and general salesroom 
 is at the above location, and is an establishment well 
 adapted for the purpose. The stock of Cigars, Smoking 
 and Chewing Tobacco, Pipes and Smokers' Articles is 
 large, and embraces the finest goods in the market. The 
 factory is on Bank street, and gives employment to a 
 large number of hands, who are occupied the greater part 
 of the time in the production of Mr. Goldsmith's pop- 
 ular cigars, known as the "Cherub" and "Ascension," 
 the names of which are copyrighted. As an evidence 
 of the excellence of the cigars manufactured at this 
 establisliment, it may be stated that all goods made 
 here find a ready sale in the city and through the sur- 
 rounding counti-y. Mr. Goldsmith is also a wholesale 
 and retail dealer in Leaf Tobacco, and is prepared to 
 offer small manufacturers every advantage in selecting 
 their stock which they can obtain in the larger cities, 
 guaranteeing quality and price. 
 
 He is a native of Germany, and has been in this coun- 
 try about twenty-five years. Personally he is a gentle- 
 man of genial disposition, enterprise and integrity. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LETriOII VALLEY, 
 
 et< 
 
 TIFPETT & WOOn, 
 
 Boii.Ki: Makkrs. Tank and Bridge Buildeks, 
 
 }'nii.i,irsBUKi;, N. .1. 
 Phillipsburg. although uot strictly iu the Lehigh 
 Valley— beiug divided ouly by the Delaware river, its 
 iuterests are in a great measiire eoimeeted with it, and 
 in its limits are some of the leading niannCaetnres in 
 this part of the country, aniuii),' thesi" iK'iiifrthe timi 
 of Tippett & Wood, Boiler and Tank Makers an<l Bridge 
 Builders. These works were founded in :8o8 by Kent 
 ■& Seides, and were conducted by them for 13 years, 
 when they were succeeded by Jacob Tippett. Iu 1872 
 the present tirm was organized, and the character and 
 extent of the business largely increased. The plant 
 covers a space of ground, lioO.x I'lO feet on which are 
 erected a number of buildings, consisting of the boiler 
 works, fiOxoO feet, in dimensions-, to which is joined the 
 riveting foom; machine shop ;>5x50 feet, and 3 stories in 
 height, and the forging department, 30x50 feet, supplied 
 with all the latest and most approved machinery and 
 appliances, driven by powerful engines, and iu whicli 
 96 workmen are employed. The productions of the 
 works are boilers, tauks and iron bridges. Steam 
 boilers are a specialty of the firm, large numbers of 
 which are turned out annually and shipped to various 
 parts of the country. As bridge builders they are well 
 known and have achieved a reputation, and specimens 
 of their work may be seen at Newark, N. J., over the 
 Musconetcong River, at Hughsville, N. J. and at Elmira 
 on the Erie Railroad, where they have erected a high 
 truss bridge for that company. The location of the 
 works aflfbrds every facility for receiving and shipment 
 of freights, being connected with the Lehigh Valley 
 Railroad lay a siding and directly on the Lehigh Canal. 
 Mr. Jacob Tippett the senior member of the firm, was 
 born in Dowlais, Wales, in 1826, but has long been a 
 resident of the United States. He is a practical boiler 
 maker and machinist and was formerly engaged in this 
 branch of business in Harrisburg, Pa. Mr. J. W. Wood 
 is a native of New York, where he was born iu 1834. He 
 is the proprietor of the Ea.stoD daily and weekly F)-ee 
 Prcis, a director of the Phillipsburg Stove Works, and 
 also of the I'hillipsburg Gas Works. As a representa- 
 tive establishmeut, the firm of Tippett & Wood hold a 
 high position, not only from the many evidence of their 
 skill to be seen iu various parts of the country, but also 
 from the prompt and systematic method adopted in all 
 their transactions. 
 
 JOHN P. HOFF, M. D., 
 
 Physician and Druggist, 181 Northampton 
 
 Street. 
 Dr. HoflFwas born in Easton, and is an accomplished 
 physician, enjoying the respect and esteem of the pub- 
 lic. The drug store, of which he is now the proprietor, 
 was established in 1835 by his father, M'ho conducted 
 it successfully until his death in 1864. Immediately 
 after the father's decease, the sou assumed the control, 
 and has since continued it in addition to attending to 
 his practice. The store is aljout 20x50 feet in dimen- 
 sions and contains a full aud judiciously selected as- 
 sortment of drugs, chemicals, proprietary medicines, 
 fancy and toilet articles, domestic and foreign per- 
 fumes, &c. An important feature of this establishment 
 is the carefully attended prescription department.which 
 is directly in charge of the Doctor, assisted by a com- 
 petent gentleman. Dr. Hoflf makes a specialty of treat- 
 ing iuflamatory rheumatism, and in his practice has 
 been very successful. In his studies he made special 
 research into the treatment of this disease, under Prof. 
 Gore, of Jeflerson Medical College. He discards 
 entirely the treatment by Salicylic Acid, so generally 
 used, as in his judgment this treatment has a tendency 
 to produce disease of the heart. 
 
 PHILLIPSBIRG .'(TOVE WORKS, 
 
 Office and Foundry, Phii.i.ipsiu-ro, N. J. 
 
 In decanting ujkju the manufacturing resources of 
 the Eastern eud of the Valley, the Phillipsburg Stove 
 Works, located at Phillipsburg, N. J., attracted atten- 
 tion as rightly belonging to our work, though lying 
 somewhat beyond the geograhical confines of the Le- 
 liigh Valley. They are emphatically an Easton enter- 
 prise, ami as such should find a place in the review of the 
 Valley. They occupy a desirable x>lot of ground along 
 the river Delaware, and in immediate connection with 
 the Belviderc Railroad. The works were started in 
 1870 by a stock company, under whose control they are 
 at the pi-esent time, and consist of seven Luildings: 
 foundry, mounting room, pattern shop, machine shop, 
 warehouse, warerooni and offi(fe, all sub.stantially built 
 aud conveniSnt in their appointments for the purpose 
 intended. The power for the machinery is derived 
 from a twenty-horse power oscilating engine, and the 
 works now give employment to twenty-eight hands, 
 many of whom are particularly skilled in the manu- 
 facture of stoves. This company, in the eleventh year of 
 its history, has won an enviable position in the mar- 
 kets of the country, and their productions have taken 
 the front rank for superior quality and finish. 
 
 They are the patentees of several first-class stoves, 
 among them being the " Model Cook," which is one of 
 their latest and best cook stoves, possessing iu its man- 
 ufacture superior merits as either an anthracite or bi- 
 tuminous coal or wood burner. The "Delaware Cook,'' 
 and "Warren Range" are also of their patent, and in 
 their finish are models of convenience and beauty. 
 They manufacture all kinds of cook, oftice and parlor 
 stoves, sinks and general castings, and annually pro- 
 duce about four hundred tons of finished castings. 
 
 The executive offiers of the company are Mr. John 
 Eyerman, President; Mr. H. E. Harmony, Superintend- 
 ent; Directors, Messrs. John Maxwell, President of the 
 Fire Insurance Company of Northampton County; B. F. 
 Riegel, of Riegel& Tiusman; J. M. Hackett, member of 
 State Legislature; W. E. Bushman, Dentist, and J. W. 
 Wood, of the firm of Tippett & Wood. All of them are 
 weU known and highly esteemed citizens. 
 
 L. ROSENBAUM, 
 
 French Milliner and Ladies Furnishing Goods, 
 No. 407 AND 409 Northampton Street. 
 The ladies of Easton find in Mr. Ro.senbaum's estab- 
 lishment a want long felt by them, where could be pro- 
 cured such articles, as feathers, flowers, etc., and where 
 a stock of these articles are kept, which for extent and 
 variety compare favorably with those of the larger 
 cities. When Mr. Rosenbaum began this bu.siuoss in 
 1869, he did so with a full determiuation to keep such a 
 stock of goods that no one could fail to appreciate it, or 
 make a selection, and that he has been successful is 
 amply demonstrated by the fact of his largely increas- 
 ing sales, and the great popularity of his establish- 
 ment. In his stock all the most elegant and beautiful 
 flowers and feathers, of both French aud American 
 production, are always to be obtained, aud a full assort- 
 ment of all the most fashionable and stlyish Ilats, Bon- 
 nets and Millinery Goods of every quality, and de^ 
 scription. 
 
 Mr. Rosenbaum is a young man, thoroughly con- 
 versent with the wants of his patrons, and always 
 keeping his stock of goods up to a high standard has 
 made his store the most popular one of the kind in 
 Easton. He is polite aud courteous and give his un- 
 divided attention to the business. 
 
02 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE I.V.TIIf'rTI YMJM1. 
 
 hknuy v.. mupj.vi, 
 
 W(r()T,T>-AT,T; AND Rktatt. I)eat,er in Prugs, Med- 
 ici n I -. ( 111 Mti AT-s iStc , Xos. 823 AND 826 North- 
 AMt'i'oN Street, 
 
 The wlv >lcsale druggist is a modoru associate among 
 merchants. Until the commeneemint of the present 
 century the apothecary could supply the wants of his 
 locality. The merchant was the importer of large 
 quantities of drugs among the miscellaneous articles 
 of an unclassified commerce, and the apothecary pro- 
 cured his supplies from the general importer. It was 
 not until after the war of 1812 that drug merchants in 
 the United States began to lay the foundations of what 
 is at present an extensive business, and it was not un- 
 til many years after the period that wholesale drug 
 houses were known outside of the larger cities. Among 
 the first houses in this section established for the pur-* 
 pose, was that of Mr. Henry B. Semple, which was 
 fijunded in 1855 at a stand a few doors below the pres- 
 ent location. The concern is the largest in Eastern 
 Pennsylvania, outside of Philadelphia, occupying the 
 handsome four-story building at Nos. 323 and 325 North- 
 ampton Street, which he erected in 1876, and at once re- 
 moved thereto. This building is one of the architec- 
 tural adornmeutsof Easton, and is not only a monument 
 to the enterprise and success of the builder, but reflects 
 much upon the general business appearance of the town. 
 It has a double front, extending back a depth of two 
 Inindred feet, 110 of which represents the length of the 
 salesroom, and is one of the largest stores in the city. 
 Among the stock may be found all the goods kept by a 
 lirst-class metropolitan drug house, embracing all the 
 varieties of pure and reliable drugs to be had in the 
 market, besides a valuable selection of medical appli- 
 ances and druggists' sundries of all kinds, descriptions 
 and prices. There is also a department for Paints, Oils, 
 Glass, Varnishes, White Lead, etc,, which are carried in 
 large quantities, including many popular and reliable 
 makes. The business is conducted both wholesale and 
 retail, Mr. Semple having such facilities as to offer goods 
 at wholesale at such prices as cannot be undersold by 
 any other house in the city. His retail department is 
 also admirably managed, every safeguard being used to 
 prevent the possibility of an error, and is supplied with 
 all the latest requisites for conducting the business in a 
 careful and systematic manner, requiring in the various 
 departments seven hands. 
 
 The head of the house, Mr. Henry B. Semple, was 
 born in New Jersey in 1834, and came to Eastim in 1851. 
 
 He has been connected with the dmg tra<Te far more 
 than a quarter of a century, and is also etosely indenti- 
 iled with the material prosperity of the city, ftnd has 
 acquired an experience of the most ceirtweheti^iy© 
 character, and enjoys the highest esteem of t'rte t>tt«i- 
 ness and social community, both in this city 9.nd sor- 
 rounding country. He is also a director of the f!a.stoH 
 National Bank. 
 
 .TOHN CUMMINGS, 
 
 BoTTi.FR, Nos. 42 AND 44 South Front Strkkt, 
 The business of bottling lager, porter and the manu- 
 facture of sarsaparilla and soda water has of late years 
 grown to one of importance, and the extent to which 
 families are using these pleasant summer drinks is not 
 generally recognized. Among those engaged in this 
 business in Easton, Mr. Cummings occupies a prominent 
 position, and is the only one who bottles New York 
 lager. He occupies a substantial and convenient build- 
 ing on South Front Street, employing during the busy 
 season a number of hands, and gives the business his 
 personal supervision. His business was started in 1871, 
 and has grown from a small beginning to its present 
 proportions solely by the standard quality of his bever- 
 ages. He bottles F. & M. Schaeffev's and X. Veiles cele- 
 brated brands of lager, also porter, soda and sarsa- 
 parilla, which he delivers in any desired quantity to 
 private families, hotels and restaurants, throughout 
 Easton and the surrounding country. His beverages 
 have a wide reputation, which their excellence justly 
 entitles them to, and Mr. Cummings' strict attention to 
 business is a sufficient guarantee that this reputation 
 will be maintained. 
 
 WM. FULMER, 
 
 Furniture, No. 14 and 16 South Fourth Street. 
 Amojig those engaged in the manufacture and sale 
 of furniture in Easton is Mr. Wm. Fulmer, who has 
 been engaged in this special branch of business all his 
 life. He began business at his present location in 1871, 
 where he occupies a large building having a front of 
 60 feet and a depth of 40.feetwith 3 floors, divided into a 
 wareroom and factory, in which he displays a line of 
 fine parlor suits, chamber sets in maple, oak or walnut, 
 and all other kinds of furniture suitable for the house- 
 hold in prices and varieties to suit all tastes. He also 
 gives special attention to repairing and re-upholstering 
 furniture. Furniture delivered within reasonable dis- 
 tances free of charge. Mr. Fulmer's establishment is 
 well known to the citizens of Easton and adjoining 
 country, from where a great portion of his trade is de- 
 rived. He is a native of Easton, where he was born in 
 1827, and at an early age learned the trade of a cabinet 
 maker. As a citizen and business man he is popular, 
 and has always fostered all enterprises that had a ten- 
 dency to advance the prosperity of his native city. 
 
 MAGEE BROS., 
 
 Wholesale Jobbers of Segars, Tobacco, Fruits 
 AND Vegetables, No. 124 Northampton Street. 
 
 In the handling of Tobacco, Segars and Confection- 
 ery, the firm of Magee & Bro. transact a large trade 
 with Easton and the adjacent country. They began 
 business in 1873 as a wholesale and retail grocers, but 
 relinquished that branch to give more attention to job- 
 bing tobacco, segars and confectionery, and the hand- 
 ling of produce in season. They handle fruits, both 
 foreign and domestic, vegetables, &c., and constantly 
 keep six hands employed in packing and .shipping goods. 
 
 Mr. H. and J. C. Magee are young men, natives of N. 
 J., who removed to Easton seven years ago, and by their 
 energy and enterprise succeeded in establishing their 
 business on a fli-ra foundation and enjoy the confidence 
 and esteem of a large class of the mercantile commu- 
 nity. They are liberal, full of push, and are worthy 
 the reputation they liave attained. 
 
RESOURCES OP THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 63 
 
 TIIEO. G. DAUB, 
 
 Manufactuher op Stone and TerraCotta 
 Ware.Delawark I'ottery.Philupsburg. Office 
 Corner Third and I.ehigh Streets, Easton. 
 The Delaware pottery, of Phillipsburg. of which Mr. 
 Theo. G. Daub is the proprietor, was established in 1381. 
 The principle line of production is Stone and Terra 
 Cotta Ware, Rustic Work, Flower Pots, etc. Although 
 the works have but recently been established, a very 
 flattering and substantial success has been assured, 
 which is highly gratifying to the energy and enterprise 
 of Mr. Daub, who is deserving of the highest commen- 
 dations for the spirit he has evinced in locating a fac- 
 tory for producing artices that are always needed in a 
 community, which are not only required for use, but 
 also ornamentation. The articles turned out by him 
 are of new and elegant desig^ns, novel in conception and 
 rich in decoration, and comprise figures, vases, rustic 
 work, etc., for lawns and gardens and home adornment, 
 flower pots, aud many other novelties. Mr. Daub fur- 
 nishes these goods direct to the trade, and with the | 
 facilities he has at command is at all times able to meet ' 
 all the demands made upon him. In addition to the ] 
 Pottery, Mr. Daub also conducts a well arranged Gro- 1 
 cerj- store, at the corner of Third and Lehigh streets, I 
 established in 1873. In 1878 his brother, who was asso- , 
 ciated with him as a partner, withdrew, since which 
 time he has conducted the business alone. The stock 
 of goods comprise groceries, provisions, canned 
 goods, vegetables, etc., all of which are carefully selected, 
 and a large and lucrative patronage is enjoyed. 
 
 Mr. Daub is a native of Easton, where he has always 
 resided, and is well and favorably known as an upright 
 and honorable business man. He was born In 1854, and 
 is highly esteemed in the community. 
 
 JOHN H. HAGERTY, 
 
 General Hardware, Bitit.ders' StrpPMES, Etc., 
 
 M9 Main Street, Puili.ipsburg. 
 The town of Phillipsburg is the location of several 
 prominent establishments devoted to the retaQ trade, 
 the leading house being that of Mr. John H. Hagerty, 
 at 519 Main Street, where he carries on a general Hard- 
 ware business, The house was established in 1870, at 
 that lime occupying a small building, and having at 
 command but a moderate capital. By strict attention 
 to business, Mr. Hagerty rapidly drew about him a large 
 trade, which became too extended to be accommodated 
 in the old quarters and he resolved to provide for him- 
 self a commodious business house. In 1876 the building 
 now occupied was erected, and in connection with the 
 store house in the rear for heavy goods, he has the most 
 extensive business house in the city. At the present 
 time he carries a stock of Hardware, embracing every 
 article that can well come underthehead, and insuch 
 variety as to compete favorably with any establish- 
 ment in Easton. He carries in stock a full line of 
 Builders' supplies, and deals in all kinds of lumber at 
 wholesale and retail. The planing mill work is all 
 done at Whitney's Point, New York State, which has a 
 capacity for 50 hands. Few houses carry so large or 
 varied a stock as is found in this establishment. Five 
 hands are employed, and the business each year is 
 rapidly increasing. 
 
 Mr. Hagerty is a native of the Keystone State, but for 
 twenty-eight years has been a resident of Phillipsburg. 
 His business qualifications and enterprise are well illus- 
 trated in the building up of a business so estensive in 
 the period of ten years. 
 
FREEMilNSBURG. 
 
 A DELIGh f FULLY SITUATED BOROUGH— ABUNDANT RAILROAD AND OANAL 
 
 FACILITIES A SHORT SKETCH OF THE TOWN FROM ITS ORIGINAL 
 
 SETTLEMENT DOWN TO THE PRESENT YEAR. 
 
 Reaching from Easton to Bethlehem, a stretch 
 of twelve miles, takes the traveler through as fine 
 a section of country as is his desire to look upon. 
 The Lehigh river in graceful curves, pursues its 
 course through the level and hilly lands alike, 
 without even submitting to being questioned as 
 to the propriety of its wanderings. Dotted upon 
 both sides between the towns above mentioned, 
 are numerous hamlets and villages, the leading 
 one being the borough of Freemansburg, situated 
 ou the north side of Lehigh river, nine miles from 
 Easton, and three from Bethlehem, and near the 
 I lutlet of Saucon creek. The town occupies a very 
 desirable site, and near it is a plateau from which 
 is obtained one of the finest views in the valley. 
 The five hundred acre tract of land upon part of 
 which the town is located, was purchased from 
 the proprietaries by a Mr, Wister, a merchant in the 
 city of Philadelphia. After Mr. Wister's decease, 
 the tract stands in the assessment lists from 1700 
 to 1790 : "Widow Wister, 500— valued, £50, by 
 Nancy's Run." Thenameof "Nancy Run," which 
 still is used in the town, was derived, says 
 Henry's "Lehigh Valley," from an old colored 
 woman who lived about a half mile up the creek, 
 and who was given to fortune telling. 
 
 As early as 1816 the first bridge was built over 
 the Lehigh, the art of incorporation being obtain- 
 ed on the 29th of January, of that year. In 1841 
 the river was visited by a severe freshet, which 
 swept the bridge away, altliough all others above 
 and below withstood tlie waters. It was subse- 
 quentlj'. rebuilt, and purchased by Jacob Free- 
 man, after whom the borough was named 
 when it was incorporated. Henry's "Lehigh 
 Valley" says, "Previous to the completion of the 
 Lehigh Canal, which passes through this place, 
 the whole town consisted of a few farmers' 
 houses. Some of the farmers used every 
 means in their power to prevent the canal 
 
 from being built on their land, using as one of 
 their arguments, that the enbankment would pre- 
 vent them from watering their horses at the river. 
 Shortly after the completion of the canal, the 
 ruined land was divided into building lots, and 
 are now all built upon." Previous to the war 
 the town was extensively engaged in the boat 
 building business, and the industry added very 
 much to the wealth and prosperity of its inhabi- 
 tants at that time. 
 
 Freemansburg was incorporated as a borough 
 April 24, 1854, and in 1860 contained about 1,200 
 inhabitants. Tke present population is about 
 800, and these are chiefly engaged in mercantile 
 and agriculture, and are a quiet and industrious 
 class of citizens. It is built principally upon one 
 street, over a mile in length, each side being lined 
 with neat and attractive private residences, many 
 of them however, of considerable age, giving 
 the town when viewed from the railroad on the 
 opposite side of the river, quite an extensive ap- 
 pearance. There is an air of quiet retirement 
 about the town that endears it to its inhabitants, 
 who recall to mind the activity of its more preten- 
 tious neighbors without regret. It is well supplied 
 with churches occupying prominent sites upon the 
 main street, and the Odd Fellows have a hall of 
 considerable size near the bridge that crosses the 
 river. Good public schools are provided, and the 
 intelligence of its people speak well of the atten- 
 tion paid to this important essential. 
 
 The Lehigh and Susquehanna Division of the 
 New Jersey Central R. R., and the canal of the Le- 
 high Coal and Navigation Company, pass through 
 the town, while the Lehigh Valley Railroad oc- 
 cupies the opposite side of the river, upon both 
 roads frequent trains East and West, giving 
 ample facilities for reaching any point. A cov- 
 ered bridge, across the river, connects both sides, 
 and virtually gives the borough two railroads. 
 
REPOT'RrES OF THE LKIIIOTI VALLEY. 
 
 65 
 
 Near Frcemansljui'g is located a l)last furnace 
 for the productiou of pig iron, belonging to the 
 Bethlehem Iron Works, and to the east of the 
 town there are extensive lime kilns, as well as 
 two flouring mills, saw mills, etc. Two hotels, 
 "Freemansburg" and "Willow Grove," situated 
 at each end of the main street, give ample and 
 comfortable aocomniodations to the traveler, and 
 during the summer months are well tilled by 
 
 tourists who visit the many attractive points of 
 interest in the vicinity. 
 
 Below appended, are the representative busi- 
 ne.ss houses and industries of Freemansburg, and 
 it is but justice to say that its close proximity to 
 Bethlehem has drawn a very considerable portion 
 of its trade to that town. The enterprises men- 
 tioned below are well worthy of the patronage of 
 the residents of the vicinity. 
 
 LUCKENBACH & BLASIUS, 
 
 Free.mansbukg Mills, Between Lehigh River 
 AND Canal. 
 
 The oldest flour mill in Freemansburg is that owned 
 byMc'Ssrs. Luckoul)ach & Blasius, which was estab- 
 lished more lliau 100 years ago. The mill is of four 
 stories, excellently located on a strip of laud between 
 the Lehigh river and canal. It has three run of stone, 
 and all the modern appliances for manufacturing a 
 superior grade of flour. Everything about the mills 
 give indication of the superior manngemeut, and the 
 greatest care is received In every dcjiartment to keep 
 the flour up to the standard of excellence. They daily 
 produce about five tons of pure, white and uniform 
 flour, which they place In the market with a guar- 
 antee of its superiority. They derive the running 
 power from a six feet Turbiue water wheel, and employ 
 several hands. The senior of the firm, Mr. William 
 Luckenbach, is a resident of Bethlehem, and became 
 associated with the Freemansburg mills in 1881. 
 
 Mr. Blasius is a native of Germany, coming to this 
 country when a small lad, and a resident of Freemans- 
 burg for many years. He is a practical miller and is in 
 charge of the mills with which he has been associated 
 since 1860. The firm have a flour and feed store in 
 Bethlehem, where they control an extensive trade. 
 
 DH. C. L. GROSS, 
 
 Druggist, Main Street. 
 
 One of the most attractive stores in Freemansburg, 
 is that of Dr. C. L. Gross, located on Main Street, about 
 two squares from the bridge crossing the Lehigh. He 
 established the business in 1870, and occupies a neat 
 •double front store of forty feet in depth. A complete 
 line of fresh drugs, medicines and druggists' -sundries 
 iire kept on hand, and as the Doctor purchases his sup- 
 plies from houses of undisputed reputation, the purity 
 ■of his stock can not be questioned. He is a graduate of 
 Jeflerson Medical College of Philadelphia, and associ- 
 ates with the drug business that of practicing physi- 
 cian. Personally superintending the prescription de- 
 partment, his thorough knowledge of drugs and their 
 action upon the system, makes him a very competent 
 person to correctly compoujid them, and he is univer- 
 sally popular in the management of his business. As 
 a physician he enjoy.s the confidence and respect of the 
 coninuuiity. 
 
 Dr. Gross was born in Nazareth, Northampton County, 
 in 183;\ and at an early age began the study of medi- 
 cine, graduating from C(/llege in a most creditable 
 iiifuuier., 'I'liirleen years ago he located at Frecraans- 
 buig and at the present time fills the honorable posi- 
 tion of Burgess of the to\Mi. He is a public spirited 
 iind enteipiisiug gentleman, and thorouglily interested 
 in the n-i^ auceiuent and piosi>crity of the town of his 
 !ului>liou. 
 
 W. E. ROBERTS, 
 
 Dry Good.s and Groceries, Main Street. 
 
 One of the popular .stores f)f Freemansburg is the dr>- 
 goods and grocery establishment of Mr. W. E. Roberts, 
 who has betii in business for several years. A full and 
 well selected line of Dry Goods and Notions, and choice, 
 and fresh Groceries are kept constantly in stock. His 
 business is continually growing, embracing in every de- 
 partment a full variety, and of such quality as to en- 
 hance his trade. The store is of good size, and well 
 adapted for the successful carrying on of the bu,siness. 
 
 Mr. Roberts is a young gentlemen of enterpri.se, pos- 
 sessing a force and tact that is indispensible in the 
 struggle for success. He is an upright business man, 
 and one of the rising men of Freemansburg. 
 
 GEORGE FROSTHOVEL, 
 
 Saddle and Harness Majker, Main Street. 
 
 An indispensible establishment to a town is that de- 
 voted to the manufacture of Harness. In March, 1881, 
 Mr. (ieorge Forsthovel established himself in the bus- 
 iness, and the marked success with which he has met 
 is a guarantee that his efi'orts are appreciated. He 
 claims a full and complete stock of all kinds of light 
 and heavy liaruess, which is all made by hand under 
 his own supervision, none but the best materials being 
 used, and the workmanship guaranteed. His stock em- 
 braces everything in the special line of horse goods, 
 and it is his aim to keep a supply the equal of houses 
 of larger towns. 
 
 Mr. Forsthovel is a native of Freemansburg, a 
 thorough practical and competent harness maker, who 
 guarantees to give satisfaction to all. He is reliable in 
 his dealings, and being a prudent, assidious and 
 prompt man of business, has secured an active and 
 lucrative trade. 
 
 JOHN A. GEISINGER, 
 
 "Nancy Run" Mills, Main Street. 
 
 The "Nancy Run Mills" are known far and near for 
 their excellent manufacture of flour. They were estab- 
 lished in 1871 by the present proprietor, Mr. John A. 
 Geisinger, who has in a period of ten years built up a 
 large and successful business. The building is sub- 
 stantially erected of brick, four stories in height, and 
 contains three run of stone, an eighteen inch Turbine 
 water wheel furnishing the i>ower. In addition to the 
 flour business, Mr .Geisinger conducts a saw mill. This 
 is supplied with two circular and one up-and-down 
 saws, the whole being driven by an engine of forty 
 hoi-se power. A large amount of lumber is annually 
 handled, the close proximity of the railroad and canal 
 making the receipt shipment of this of great conven- 
 ience. 
 
 Mr. Geisinger is a native of Freemansburg, He is an 
 active and enterprising business man, and has done 
 much to add to the business of his native town. 
 
BOROUGH OF BETHLEHEM. 
 
 HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW OF THE TOWN FROM ITS SETTLEMENT 
 
 TO THE PRESENT TIME A PROMINENT RAILROAD AND BUSINESS 
 
 CENTRE ITS MANUFACTURING AND MERCANTILE INDUSTRIES. 
 
 On the north side of the Lehigh river, fifty-four 
 miles from Philadelphia, and twelve miles above 
 Easton, is situated one of the neatest and most 
 attractive towns in the State, and in all its govern- 
 ment probably one of the quietest. The borough 
 of Bethlehem also occupies both banks of the 
 Monocacy creek, that at this point adds its pure 
 water to its more turbulent neighbor, the Lehigh. 
 It is probably due to the excellent water, more 
 than any other one thing, that attracted its first 
 settlers, and caused them to build their houses 
 at this most delightful spot. It has always been 
 the principal settlement of the Moravians, or 
 United Brethren in the United States, and for 
 an entire century retained the principle of its 
 original organization, to wit, the exclusion of all 
 persons who were not members of the Church. 
 
 THE EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 As early as 1735, the Moravians directed their 
 attention to the New World, forming at that time a 
 colony in Georgia. Adverse circumstances induced 
 them to leave that and accept an offer made them 
 from the Rev. George Whitefield, to aid him in 
 improving a tract of land he had purchased in 
 Pennsylvania, called Nazareth, by him; but a 
 difference of opinion terminated the engagement 
 after working some few months. At this junc- 
 ture, 1740, a respectable merchant offered to sell 
 them a piece of land at the present site of Bethle- 
 hem, and David Nitchman arriving in 1740, 
 with a company of brethren and sisters from 
 Europe,they resolved unanimously to purcliase the 
 tract of land offered them, and make a permanent 
 settlement there. It was a wild forest, at a dis- 
 tance of over fifty miles from the nearest town, 
 and only two houses occupied by white people, 
 about two miles up the Lehigh, in all this region. 
 No other dwellings were to be seen in the whole 
 country, except the scattered huts or wigwams 
 of Indians. 
 
 A party of Moravian brethren left Nazareth, 
 (where they had been engaged since April in the 
 erection of a large building for George Whitefield, 
 and intended by him as an asylum and a school for 
 negroes,) on the 22d of December, 1740, and com- 
 menced felling trees on the new purchase, now 
 the site of Bethlehem. According to a gravestone 
 in the burial ground, the first house was erected 
 by David Nitchman, which was early in the 
 spring of the year 1741, and it stood until 1823, 
 when it was removed to make room for the stables 
 of the Eagle Hotel. September 28th, the same 
 year, the corner stone of the second house 
 was laid with considerable ceremony for the 
 infant settlement, and "by Bishop David Nitch- 
 man, in the presence of seventeen brethren and 
 visitors, whose names, inscribed on parchment, 
 were deposited in the stone." For many years 
 this house was occupied by the Bishop who 
 transacted the business of the settlement. 
 
 NAMING THE TOWN. 
 
 The name, Bethlehem, was derived from the 
 following circumstance: "Count Zinzendorff, a 
 Saxon nobleman of wealth and great talent, and 
 of the Moravian faith, arrived in New York in 
 November, 1741, and came to Bethlehem in 
 December, and in this house the celebrations of 
 nativity of Jesus Christ took place on the 24th 
 of the month. This celebration suggested to the 
 Count a name for the new settlement, and it was 
 accordingly called Bethlehem." June 25, 1742 
 after the arrival of another company of colonists, 
 the congregation was organized, there being 127 
 Moravian brethren and sisters present. 
 
 FEATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The prominent features of the organization 
 consumated on the 24th of June, 1742, and men- 
 tioned above, were — 
 
 Firstly. An entire coincidence with the doctrines 
 of the Moravian Church in Germany. 
 
RESOUPvCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 CT 
 
 Secondhi. The like flispot^ititm uf tlie t^exep and 
 ■various cunditioiis of life into classes or "choirs," 
 as was usual in the German congregations — who 
 resided in separate houses, and each in charge of 
 a imperial spiritual adviser. 
 
 Thinllji. Keeping holy both Saturday and Sun- 
 day. This was a deviation from the custom of 
 :iie Moravian Church in Germany, and was here 
 iitrodueed by Zinzendorff, as he held that the 
 . iinniand to keep holy the Sabbath did not apply 
 r- the Sunday ; but as he reverenced the Sunday 
 jii commemoration of the resurrection of Christ, 
 ■tlierefore he considered that Christians were under 
 obligation to keep both, and abstain from all un- 
 necessary secular employments on both days. 
 
 Fi>urthlij. This feature was peculiar to Bethle- 
 
 AUi. That after the example of the first churcli 
 
 . f Christians at Jerusalem, all the proceeds of 
 
 labor were to be put into a common stock. This 
 
 communist system was called "an economy." 
 
 "The doctrinal belief of the Moravians has 
 always been a very undefined and unsettled one. 
 They constantly avoid argument or dispute on 
 these points. The distinctive features are pre- 
 eminently of a moral, practical, and social char- 
 acter, by which, indeed, they are widely distin- 
 guished from most other denominatins. They 
 profess to receive the Augsburg confession as the 
 clearest statement of their belief, and hence, in 
 absence of any creed of their own, they point to 
 that as the one which comes nearest to their 
 views." 
 
 THE "economy.'" 
 
 At the time of the promulgation of the above, 
 the "economy" was instituted, and it continued 
 for a period of twenty years. This "economy" 
 was the holding in common of all property, and 
 during its continuance the fathers and mothers 
 being constantly at work, their children were 
 taken from them, and placed in large houses or 
 nurseries, where they were cared for by old or dis- 
 abled brethren and sisters. At a very early age 
 these children were put to work, and great care 
 was taken to keep them free from everything that 
 Lad the least semblance of evil. 
 
 March 10, 1746, the residents of the settlement 
 petitioned the Bucks county court, (Northampton 
 county not then being set off, i for the formation 
 <• Bethlehem township, and the petition was 
 granted, but it was not surveyed before 1762. In 
 1752. Northampton county was formed, and the 
 Jiew township being included in the area, was a 
 })art th-ereof. 
 
 At the time the "economy," or the system of 
 ctiiiimon property, was discontinued in 1762, the 
 t:ongrcgation was in possession of the following 
 land : Bethlehem, Allen and Lower Saucon town- 
 sliips, 3,700 acres; Nazareth tract, 5,000 acres; 
 Friedensthal tract, 2(>0 acres, or a total of 8,960 
 acres. Of this, there were cleared on the Nazareth 
 tract, 1,223 acres; Bethlehem, 532 acres; Allen 
 and Lower Saucon, 500, or a total of 2,257 acres. 
 
 Until 182S it was the practice not to admit 
 more than one person of any trade in the Mora- 
 vian towns in the United States, and for this 
 reasfin there was but one store and tavern in each 
 place, and tlie-se were owned, as well as several 
 other branches of trade, by the Society until the 
 present century, the last property sold by them, 
 being the Sun Hotel, at Bethlehem, which was 
 done in 1848. 
 
 THE FIRST HOTEL. 
 
 Upon the site of the Lehigh Valley and North 
 Penn's old depot on the South side of the river, 
 was built the first hotel, the "Crown," in 1743. 
 This houiie was kept by the ferryman, and con- 
 tinued to beatavern until 1794, when the bridge 
 was built, and it was converted into a farm house. 
 This bridge was the first over the Lehigh river, 
 and it remained there untilJanuary 8, 1841, when 
 it was carried off by the flood. The covered 
 bridge that now spans the river at this point, 
 was erected in that year to take its i)lace. The 
 Sun Hotel was first built in 1759 or 1760, and at 
 the present time (1881) it still has its hospitable 
 doors thrown open to the public. Under its por- 
 tals have entered our beloved Washington, John 
 Adams, and almost every other President of the 
 United States, down to James Buchanan. Nearly 
 all of those patriots who signed the Declaration 
 of Independence have been in it ; the greater 
 number < «f the Generals of the Revolution ; Dukes 
 from France and Peers of England, have dined or 
 suppercd here. Most persons of note of the United 
 States have graced it with their presence. It is 
 one of the most famous hotels in all the land, 
 and though muc-h improved and modernized, has 
 still enough about it to remind all beholders of 
 the good old times when houses were fortresses, 
 as much designed for protection from without as 
 for comfort within. 
 
 Soon after the commencement of the town, 
 several industries were started, the most lucrative 
 being the fulling-mill, tannery and pottery. After 
 them came others and many of them were the first 
 in the county. In 1762 they had the first print- 
 ing office, but it continued but three years in the 
 settlement, and was then removed to Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 THE revoh;tio>ary w.\r. 
 
 During the Revolutionary War, by order of 
 General Washington, tlie general hospital of the 
 army was removed to Bethlehem, and a large 
 number were cared for in 1777 and 1778. Incon- 
 sequence of the removal of the hosjiital, Bethle- 
 hem was visited by many jiersons of distinction, 
 prominent among them being General George 
 Washington, Marquis do Lafayette, Count Pulaski, 
 John Adams, and John Hancock. 
 
 After the closing scenes of the Revolutionary 
 War, Bethlehem again settled down to its usual 
 quietness, and the inhabitants returned to their 
 various vocations with activity, and they rapidly 
 grew in population and importance. 
 
63 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEIIirxII VALLEY. 
 
 In 1844 the PO-callerl "lease system" was abro- 
 gated, a measure which led to the sale of town 
 lots, on groTuul rents, to persons of other denom- 
 inations as well as Moravians. In 1845tlietown 
 was incorporated as a borough, and since then it 
 has more than doubled its population. 
 
 liKTHLKIIEM IN 1857. 
 
 An I'Xtract IVinn tlic Bethlehem Simvenier, pub- 
 lished in IS."S7, will give an interesting description 
 of tlic tdwn at tliat time. "Whoever has visited 
 ]>ethlcliem must have been struck witli tlie 
 nni()ue appearance of the venerable pile (viz., the 
 '<ild row' east of Moravian Church), built in a 
 style <if architecture so different from what is 
 met with in this country, even in settlements 
 whith have their origin moi-e remotely in the 
 ]>a.st than ]?ethlehem. Tlie hip roofs and double 
 row of dormer windows, the massive masonary 
 su]>orted by heavy buttresses, and tlie curiously 
 wrought belfry capping the centre, are so many 
 features borrowed from the manor houses and 
 chi;rches of tlie European homes of owv forefa- 
 thers. This compact assemblage of buildings 
 constituted in itself, for a number of years, the 
 entire settlement. In it lived all the divisions of 
 the congregation. Of the log building at the west 
 end mention has been already jnade. The 
 wing Avas next completed in 1751, its upper 
 floor constituting the public place of worship 
 (consecrated July 10th, of the same year), and 
 the lower a common refectory. The centre was 
 built as early as 174.3 ; it contained a kitchen 
 below and dwelling rooms above. The portion 
 to the right, which forms the tliird side of the 
 square, was built at different times, a part in 1744 
 and a part in 1752. The latter stands on the 
 corner of the square, and was originally intended 
 for the young men or 'single breathren.' The 
 extreme east wing dates back as far as 1773 (these 
 two last mentioned are at present the houses for 
 '.single sisters'). On the removal of the 'single 
 breathren,' in 1748, to their new 'choir house' 
 (the present old school building of the Young 
 Ladies' Seminary), the entire eastern portion of 
 the edifice was assigned to the young women or 
 'single sisters.' The erection of such spacious 
 houses in a new country naturally led to strange 
 and erroneous surmises on the part of jjersons 
 who were unacquainted with the regulations 
 upheld by the brethren. The calumnious as- 
 sertions that they were 'Papists in disguise' was 
 impressed on the minds of many wlio, through j 
 ignorance, recognizetl in these houses veritable 
 representatives of monasteries and nunneries. In 
 our own enlightened day they are those to be 
 found whose imperfect acquaintance with the 
 church of the United Bretheren and that of Rome 
 leaves them unable to discriminate between the 
 usages, customs, and spirit of the two." 
 
 At the time of the writing of the above, 1857, 
 one hundred and seventeen years after the first 
 tree had been felled on the site of Bethlehem, the 
 
 town contained about four thousand inhabitants. 
 np:THijaiEM \t tuk present time. 
 
 At jircsent it is a thriving borough of nearly 
 six thousiind inhabitants, and not including the 
 town that has s[irung up on the soutli side of the 
 Lehigh river, now known as the borough of 
 South Betlilchcm, which of itself has a popula- 
 tion of over two thousand. That the town of 
 Bethlehem is admirably situated, all will admit 
 who have ever visited it, and have had an oppor- 
 tunity to view with leisure the surrounding. — 
 The town of to-day is very different from that of 
 thirty years ago. Railroads reaching it have 
 bestowed upon it all the attributes of an impor- 
 tant junction. The traveler who arrives after 
 nighfall will be startled by the angry tongues of 
 furnace flame, shooting athwart the sky. He 
 will catch momentary glimpses of active groups 
 of half-naked men through the arched walls of 
 the iron and steel works, and note the sickly hue 
 of sulphurous fires at the zinc works beyond, 
 
 A visitor well says: "It is fortunate however, 
 that these great industries and the railroad depot, 
 together with a prosaic modern borougli of work- 
 men's hoiises are placed altogether upon the 
 southern side of the river, leaving the old town 
 opposite undisturbed in the possession of its rich- 
 ness of antiquated Moravian landmarks. Tin- 
 other half has grown, to be sure, and has its due 
 proportion of fine moderan structures, but never- 
 theless, the moment one crosses the ancient cov- 
 ered bridge, spanning the river, he feels as though 
 in a different atmosphere, carrying the mind back 
 to the days when this little hamlet was the fron- 
 tier post of the colonies, and held hourly watch 
 with vigilance against the approacli of implacable 
 savages." 
 
 Another visitor speaking of Bethlehem, uses 
 the following language: "When I first knew 
 Bethlehem it was inhabited exclusively by Mora- 
 vians, and was in all respects, unique. The 
 houses, for the most part, were built of stone, 
 long low, one-storied structures, ancient looking 
 and quaint, witli internal arrangements altogeth- 
 er in keeping with the mode of life of a frugal, 
 simple and almost primitive people. There was 
 no push then and no pushing, no opportunity 
 for invidious comparisons between wealth and 
 property, but apparently an equitable apportion- 
 ment of this world's goods — a feature in their cor- 
 poration which enabled the industrious, steady, 
 nnisic-loving Moravian of that day to live in an 
 enviable condition of competency, conte'nt and 
 happiness, New Betlilehem, as the moderen 
 borough may be called, by way of contrast with 
 tlie Bethlehem of former days, is a compactly 
 built town— well laid out— its streets enbowered 
 with trees, and its places of business and private 
 residences indicating good taste and refinement, 
 as well as substantial thrift. Excepting a cluster 
 of heavy, stone structures in the vicinity of the 
 Moravian Church, which the Moravians erected 
 
EESOrKrES OF THE T.EHUiH VAT.LEY. 
 
 69 
 
 during the existanoe of their economy, for the 
 peculiar requirements of tlie fraternity, such a.s 
 "The House of the Unmarried Woman." "The 
 House of the Sun Dial" and "The Asylum 
 for Widows," structures which are almost as 
 sombre-looking as the conventual piles of tlie 
 Old WorUi. all traces of the ancient system and 
 mode of hfe have been obliterated." 
 
 •THE town's NATUR.VL ADV.\NTAGES 
 
 The wealth which within the past tifteen years 
 has centred in the Bethlehems, has been attracted 
 prinoii>ally by the coal and iron interests, situated 
 on the line of the two great railways which con- 
 nect tfie anthracite regions of Carlxm and Luzerne 
 counties with New Ifork and Philadelphia, and 
 in the heart of a valley which is proverbially 
 rich in iron ores and limestone, enterprise was 
 not slow in selecting Bethlehem* as a most desir- 
 able point for the successful prosecution of trafttc 
 in those indispensable staples of modern civili- 
 zation. 
 
 THE LEADING INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Tlie largest enterprise located here are the ex- 
 tensive works of the Bethlehem Iron (Company, 
 who occupy a large area along the south side of 
 the river. They comprise a Bessemer plant, two 
 large rolling mills, and eight blast furna<es, 
 besides supplementary foundries and machine 
 shops for construction and repairs. The extensive 
 jnimps of the company, also supply the Ixn-migli 
 of South Bethlehem with water. 
 
 The works were started in ISGO, with the erec- 
 tion of an iron rail mill, a puddle mill, and one 
 blast furnace, and additional structures liave been 
 added at various times, as the increasing trade of 
 the concern demanded; all the buildings are tine 
 ma.ssive stone structures, the length of the steel 
 mill being 9.31 feet. Magnetic and hematite, 
 domestic and foreign ores are used in these furna- 
 ces. A large i>art of the ore, and all the limestone 
 used, is mined by the company in dififerent }>arts 
 of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. — 
 The fuel used is anthracite and bituminous coal, 
 and coke, the average quantity being 250,000 net 
 tons ]ier year. The total numlier of hands em- 
 ployed during the year 1880, every department 
 being in full operation for the full term of twelve 
 months, was 2,800, to whom was paid in wages 
 Sl,27(),716.39. The concern is one of the largest 
 ill the country, and possesses a full equipment of 
 the most imY)roved apiiliances for iron and steel 
 manufacture. The c-omi)any's j^roduction for 
 1S80, was as follows : Pig and skiegel iron. S4,2(!S 
 tons; puddled bar, 12,270 tons; merchant iron, 
 1,211 tons; merchant steel, 18,274 tons; steel i-ails 
 87,!>2Gtons; making a total of 20:^,951 tons. 
 
 Another important industry, wliidi at thi- time 
 of the writing of this sketcii was nut working, it 
 
 ♦Bethlehem and South Hclliloht'iu arc so closely re- 
 lated, although sei>eraU' Inrouijlis, tlmt the writer" liiis 
 combined the towns when speaking ol' the industries 
 and advantiigcs ol'thc connmniity. 
 
 then being about tu change ownei-s, is the T.,eliigh 
 Zinc Company. This enterprise was started in 
 IS'y.i. and until quite recently they procured the 
 zinc ores from the company's mines near the vil- 
 liageof Friedensville, in Saucon valley, about four 
 miles S(mth of Bethleliem. These mines are 
 believed to be practically inexhaustible, but the 
 great expense of working, owing to the influx of 
 water, has led to their abandonment. The pump- 
 ing engine erected at Kreidensville is remarkable 
 as being the largest in the world. Ore is now 
 brought by rail from New Jersey. When run- 
 ning full time these works einyiloy a large num- 
 ber of liandsand have done much to increase 
 the prosperity of the town. 
 
 KAILROADS AND CANALS. 
 
 Bethh'hem's sub.stantial prosperity dates with 
 the completion of the railroads that now makes it 
 one of the most important railroad centres in the 
 valley. The Lehigh Valley Railroad occupies the 
 South side of the river, and in connection with the 
 North Pennsylvania Railroad (now leased and 
 operated by the Philadelphia and Reading), oc- 
 cupy a handsome union depot, and without ques- 
 tion the finest in the valley. The cars of the 
 latter, leaving Third and Berks streets, or Ninth 
 and Oreen streets, Philadelphia, are run through 
 to the West via. this depot, where they are coupled 
 to trains on the Lehigh Valley road, and within 
 a few hotirs are landed in Buffalo, or anj' point 
 ill the great West. The long trains from the Le- 
 high coal regions, via. the Valley Road, are 
 divided at this point for either Philadelphia or 
 New York, as their destination'require, the form- 
 er going to that city by the North Penn, and 
 the latter by the Lehigh Valley to Amboy or 
 Jersey City. The union depot now contains, be- 
 side the ticket oftices of the two companies and 
 tlie usual waiting and retiring rooms, a well 
 equipped restaurant, a very important feature at 
 this point, where tlie transfer of passengers is un- 
 usually heavy. The offices of the superintendent, 
 assistant superintendent, and many other of the 
 officials of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, are loca- 
 ted in the Company's building, ea.st of the depot. 
 
 Upon the North side of the river, and in tlie 
 borough of Betlilehem, runs the Lehigh andSus- 
 (luehanna division of the New Jersey Central 
 Railroad, a well built, double track road. Like 
 its opponent, the Lehigh Valley, it is a great coal 
 carrying road, and the number of cai-s that daily 
 pass through Bethlehem over its rails, is un- 
 usually large. A covered bridge trosses the Le- 
 high river, to the west of the old bridge, gives the 
 road connectit>n with the two i-ailroads upon the 
 opposite side, and passengers coming down the 
 valley over the L. and S., bound for Philadelphia, 
 are carried over this briilge, and the car attached 
 to the North Penn trains. The bridge also gives 
 the road an outlet to the South for its coal and 
 freigiit, via. the North Penn Railroad. 
 
 The Leiiigh and Lackawanna Railroad runs 
 
70 
 
 RESOURCES OP^ THE LEllKill VALI.KY. 
 
 from Hcflileliem to "Wind Gap," located in the 
 upper portion of the county, and is the outlet for 
 the great slate quarries at Chapman's, and in the 
 vicinity. At the ''Wind Gap" are some of the 
 finest views in the country, and from the "Over- 
 look Rocks," about seven hundred feet above 
 Bethlehem, the counties of Northampton, Lehigh 
 and Berks, and the distant heights of New Jersey 
 are in plain view. 
 
 This admirable system of railroads places Beth- 
 iehem within easy and rapid communication 
 with tlie outside world. Two hours and one hour 
 and a-half, from New York and Philadelphia 
 respectively, has done much to assist in the pros- 
 perity of the community, and has been the means 
 of attracting many to reside within its comfortable 
 limits. 
 
 The canal of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation 
 Company passes through Bethlehem, and adds 
 another lever to the desirability of the town as a 
 location for manufacturing industries or enter- 
 prises of any description. This canal was built 
 many years before the railroads, and although 
 robbed of much of its glory as a coal-carrying 
 medium, is still an important factor to the busi- 
 ness interests of the Lehigh Valley. 
 
 THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS. 
 
 Henry's "History of the Lehigh Valley," pub- 
 lished in 1860, thus speaks of Bethlehem's schools 
 of that day : 
 
 "The Moravians have always been eminently 
 successful in educating their youth, and training 
 them to a higli standard of excellence in the more 
 useful branches. Their schools are noted through- 
 out the United States. The school for girls was 
 first opened in Bethlehem on the 5th of January, 
 1749. with sixteen scholars, in the central build- 
 ing of the old row, directly east of the Moravian 
 church. Here the daughters of the missionaries, 
 of ministers of the Gospel, and of the Brethren of 
 the settlement, were received from time to time. 
 On the 2d of October, 1785, this institute was 
 closed, and arrangements made in the house to 
 receive pupils from abroad. In their quiet way 
 the Brethren acquainted the public, through 
 their friends, of the arrangement just completed 
 for the reception of young ladies for education. 
 Some time elapsed before it received a response. 
 In 1786 the first application was made, which 
 was soon followed by others from the West In- 
 dies. New York, Connecticut, Maryland, and 
 other States. Apjilications and admissions con- 
 tinuing to increase, the principal suggested the 
 expediency of erecting an additional building at 
 an early day. The jiroject was favorably enter- 
 tained, and in August, 1789, its speedy execution 
 finally agreed on. Tiio building was located in 
 the rear of the old row, and was completed in 
 1791. In 1815 it was vacated by the Seminary, 
 and in the early part of 1857 it was removed for 
 the purpose of erecting on its site a building in 
 which to hold the day school for the children of 
 
 the Moravian coiriregation. The pupils were 
 transferred in 1815 into the old "choir house," 
 now known as the Seminary building, which was 
 originally built for the single Bretliren in 1747- 
 '48. A large addition was made to this building 
 in 1854, on tlie eastern end, and, a few years after- 
 ward another addition was made on the western 
 end." 
 
 In 1836 there were three schools in operation in 
 the borough of Bethlehem, employing six feach- 
 ers, and more than probable this number Avas in- 
 adequate to accommodate the school population, 
 as the directors, in 1837, decided not to admit 
 any child beyond fcurteen years of age or under 
 four. At about the same time a gentleman named 
 Blcck, "of classical education and ripe school ex- 
 perience," established an academy for boys, and 
 it continued for many years. In 1852 the school 
 house on Wall street was erected, at a consider- 
 able expense for that time, and subsequently it 
 was enlarged and improved, but in 1870 it proved 
 too small to accommodate the ciiildren of the town. 
 Meanwhile, a building in the third ward, had 
 been erected, and in 1870, the Franklin school 
 building was dedicated, which is one of the largest 
 and handsomest in the county, costing in all 
 about $60,000. The school population of Beth- 
 lehem are now well accommodated in the Frank- 
 lin and Wall street schools, that well maintain 
 the name that was early given to the town as an 
 educational centre. 
 
 The Seminary for Young Ladies, at Bethlehem, 
 the mention of the establishment of which oc- 
 curs in the extract above printcl, now occupies 
 extensive buildings on Main street, where it 
 makes its turn into the business portion of the 
 town. During the past tiiree-fourths of a century 
 more than six thousand of its alumnae have spread 
 its reputation over all parts of the Union ; and it 
 is upon tlie favorable opinion and matured judge- 
 ment of these that the school now chiefly relies 
 for its support. With the progress of society and 
 the advancement or sdei C3, such solid additions 
 and improvements have been made in the ac- 
 commodations and in the course of instruction 
 as to keep the school upon a position of equality 
 with the best institutions of the land ; while in 
 the leading principles and modes of its govern- 
 ment no material alterations have been made, 
 from a conviction that tiie old system best sub- 
 serves the general welfare of its pujiils, and the 
 purpose of a souiul education. 
 
 A tliorough and widely known institution is 
 "Bishopthorpe," a boarding school for girls, which 
 is pleasantly located in the suburbs overlooking 
 the town and river. The grounds around about 
 itare delightfully laid out, and the location posses- 
 ses every essential for promoting the comfort and 
 health of those«in attendance. Although under 
 Ei)iscopal management many pupils represent- 
 ing other denominations are always upon the 
 rollB. This institution is sustained by nuuiy well 
 
KEROriiCKS OF TIIK IJMIIGfl VATJ,EY. 
 
 71 
 
 known gentleiuaii. oliiofly citizens of IMlilchem, 
 who are organized as a board of trustees. All 
 the branclie>- essential to thorough education 
 and ladylike acroniplishnient are tautrht by com- 
 petent specialist*;, and the faculty includes many 
 very thorough instructors. 
 
 SOUTH BETHLKHKM SCHOOLS. 
 
 When tJiis portion of the Bethlehem tract 
 became popvilated, tlie children were sent to the 
 schools across tlie river, and it was not until June 
 1st, 1858, that the first school house was built in 
 South Bethlehem. The building was 20x25 feet 
 in dimensions, and so little was then foreseen of 
 the growth of the town audits prospective re- 
 quirements for school purposes, that a member of 
 the school board on being asked if lie considered 
 the housesufticiently large, replied, "that it wotild 
 be ample in size for the next twenty yeare." — 
 Bat instead of twenty, it was only two years 
 •before a larger house became not only necessary, 
 but indispensable, and a new and much larger 
 •one was built in 1860. Even this did not long 
 meet the requirements, and in 1867 the Penrose 
 school building was erected. In 1870 the Melrose 
 school building was erected, and first occupied on 
 the 11th of October, in the same year. The schol- 
 ars are all graded, have increased in eliiciency so 
 much, that they at present occupy no secondary 
 position among the graded .schools in the county. 
 
 THE I.EHIC;H XfNIVEESITY. 
 
 The Lehigh University was founded in the year 
 1866, by the Honorable Asa Packer, of Mauch 
 •Chunk. His first provision for the University 
 consisted of a large grant of land in South Beth- 
 lehem, situated on the gentle slope of the Lehigh 
 mountain, about a quarter of a mile from the 
 river. For the purpose of buildings, apparatus, 
 etc., he appropriated the sum of S500.000. This 
 was expended in the erection and furnishing of 
 several extensive halls and residences for the pro- 
 fessors. Since the first gift the founder added ad- 
 •ditional donations to carry out his jilan of com- 
 pletely establishing a scientific and literary insti- 
 tution, and at the time of his death they aggre- 
 gated over one million of dollars. To this 
 magnificent sum, he added a large amount by 
 the will, and by other means provided for tlie 
 entire success of liis undertaking. 
 
 The principal building, called Packer Hall, in 
 honor of the founder, stands seven liundrcd feet 
 from Packer avenue. It is of stone, and presents 
 an imposing front, two hundred and thirteen 
 feet long. At tlie western extremity is a belfry 
 tower, one hundred and twenty-five feet liigh. 
 containing a very liandsome double stair, the 
 president's room, and the archive room, all tire 
 proof. At the ea.stern end is a large advanced 
 wing, five stories high, in whfch are the principal 
 lecture and recitation rooms. The central por- 
 tion, eighty feet lung by forty feet wide, contains 
 the museum, the drawing academy and a beau- 
 
 ful chapel, with handsome clustered windows of 
 stained glass. To the west descending the hill, 
 are the residences of the president and professors — 
 commodious houses, comporting architectually 
 with the great hall. Eastward of Packer Hall is 
 the new library building, a very handsome stone 
 structure, skillfully arranged and cajiable of con- 
 taining seventy thousand volume. Situated on 
 Packer avenue, toward the eastern extremity of 
 the grounds, are two capacious brick buildings — 
 Christmas hall and Saucon hall — in which are 
 dormitories for the students. West of Parker 
 hall, is the Sayre astronomical observatory, pre- 
 sented to the university by Robert H. Sayre, Esq., 
 a member of the board of trustees, and of the exe- 
 cutive committee. It contains many valuable 
 instruments, including an equatorial telescope, a 
 transit and a superior astronomical clock, in the 
 use of wliich the students are fully instructed. 
 
 Owing to the munificence of the founder, and by 
 his expressed wish, tuition in all branches has 
 been declared free of charge. This extends the 
 facilities for an education of the first class to 
 many hitherto unable to take a university course, 
 the student being only required to pay his board 
 ($4 to $5 per week), and provide his books, ma- 
 terials, chemicals, etc. 
 
 The Lehigh University is polytechnic in char- 
 acter. After a common course, for all students, 
 for a year and a half, in which is given the ele- 
 ments any instruction necessary as a basis for 
 all future study, the student enters according to 
 his inclinations, one among several technical 
 schools, viz : 1. general literature; 2. civil engi- 
 neering; 3. mechanical engineering; 4. mining and 
 metallurgy; 5. analytical chemistry. A special 
 degree is conferred in each of the schools. The 
 course is of four years, except that in the 
 school of raining, which is four and a half years. 
 The chemical laboratory in Packer hall is one of 
 the finest and most complete in the country. 
 
 The first president of the university was Henry 
 Copple, L.L. D., who was appointed in 1866. 
 He resigned in 1874, when he was elected pro- 
 fessor of English literature and history. In 1875 
 he was succeeded in the presidential chair by the 
 Reverened John M. Leavitt, D. D. The list of 
 instructors comprise *a faculty of able men, each 
 in charge of particular departments. 
 
 The executive department of the University is 
 controlled by a board of trustees of over thirty in 
 number, who are represented by an executive 
 committee of eight trustees, who meet monthly 
 to conduct the general affairs. The Bishop of 
 Pennsylvania is ex-ojjicio president of the board 
 of t rustees. 
 
 Applicant for admission to the lowest classes 
 must be sixteen years old, and of good moral 
 character, and must pass an exaiuination on the 
 following subjects : arithmetic, complete; algebra, 
 through equations of the second d^ree; geometry. 
 
72 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEIIKill VATJ.EY. 
 
 six books; English grammar, f^eography and 
 spelling. 
 
 The Founder's Day is an annual occasion dedi- 
 cated to the memory of the founder of the uni- 
 versity—the late Hon. Asa Packer. The exercises 
 at this time draw together many prominent men 
 from all parts of the country, who desire to do 
 honor to the memory of that gentleman. 
 
 THE CHURCHES. 
 
 The history of the Moravian cliurch is so inter- 
 woven with that of Bethlehem that it is impos- 
 sible to publish the history of tlie one without 
 that of the other. Among the church buildings 
 now situated in the town, the Moravian attracts 
 general attention. It stands upon an elevated 
 terrace at the corner of Main and Church streets, 
 and confronts the visitor upon entering the town. 
 Within, as without, the same simplicity governs 
 its adornments, but it has, however, many dis- 
 tinguishing features over that of other similar 
 buildings. 
 
 Bethlehem has a number of other church edi- 
 fices, the greater part of which have been erected 
 within the past qiaarter of a century. 
 
 Unchanged by the hand of time, in the centre 
 of the town, lies the Moravian graveyard. Here 
 no costly monument marks the rich man's grave, 
 nor does neglect consign the poor man to oblivion. 
 Here it is easy to learn the lesson of equality ; for 
 side by side, buried according to age, rest the 
 Bishop, tlie Indian, and the negro. The hori- 
 zontal marlde slab, resting above the remains of 
 each, bears only the impartial record of their 
 lives. To a stranger these grounds resemble a 
 park or a garden, so neatly they are kept. Here 
 at all times parties sit and stroll about, and the 
 pleasures of earth do not appear to be overclouded, 
 in the least, >by the pi'oximity of the grave. 
 
 MUSIC AND PUBLIC HALLS. 
 
 Ever since its earliest days, the town has given 
 considerable attention to music, and a review 
 of the ditferent organizations since that time 
 would prove of great interest, but limited space 
 does not permit. There are several halls, wliich 
 are used for lectures, concerts, and meeting rooms 
 for the different societies, which of late years have 
 been organized in the towi^. 
 
 WATER WORKS. 
 
 February 19. 1877, Messrs. Charles N. Beckel 
 and Robert Rau, a committee appointed by the 
 borough council, rc]>orted to that body a histor- 
 ical sketch of the Bethleliem Water Works, 
 embracing many interesting as well im)>ortaiit 
 facts in regard to the first water works of the 
 State, and prol)alily the first in the country, and 
 from whicli tlie writer has been iirivileged to 
 make extracts. 
 
 Tlie spring pouring its sparkling tide from out 
 its bed of magnesian lime stone, near the banks 
 of the "Menagassi'' is to-day, and has been ever 
 since the Moravian Brethren, in March of 1741, 
 
 made them a humble liome in the trackless 
 forests, the source of water supply for Bethlehem. 
 Situated at the foot of the hill, upon the declivity 
 of which the first log cabin was erected by the 
 zealous nussionary j)ioneers, it doubtless deter- 
 mined to a great extent the location of the slowly 
 growing settlement. Until 1754-5 the water for 
 the use of the community was distributed by 
 water carriers or haulers, formally delegated for 
 the purpose. In the Spring of 1754 Hans Chris- 
 topher Christiansen commenced the erection of 
 the first water works. The machinery was jilaced 
 in a frame building, a few yards east of the oil 
 and bank mill, whither the spring water was led 
 by a conduit into a cistern. The pump was made 
 of lignum-vitse, and the water was forced through 
 wooden pi))es up the hill into a wooden reservoir 
 or distributing tank built within the "little 
 square." By .fune liO, the same year, the new 
 arrangements was ready for trial, and worked for 
 a while very well, but the continual bursting of 
 the wooden mains caused great trouble, and 
 these were subsequently substituted by lead pipes 
 imbeded in a cement of pitch and brick dust, laid 
 in a gutter of hard-burnt brick. 
 
 Christiansen in 1761 commenced the construc- 
 tion of more ]iowerful machinery, which was 
 placed in a two-story building erected for the 
 purpose near the old structure, and this building 
 still stands. .July 0, 1702, the pump raised the 
 water for the first time, and for many years 
 attracted visitors from great distances to see it. 
 The cost of the entire works, including the tile 
 covered stone building, was £514 16s. 5d. The 
 distributing reservoir was a stand-pipe, a wooden 
 tower, shingle roofed, which was built in "the 
 little square," and from this point the water was 
 distributed into cisterns or tanks which were 
 built in the vicinity of the principal dwellings. 
 In 1786 the gum wood rising mains were super- 
 seded by lead pipes, and in 1706 the remaining 
 pitch pine pipes were finally abandoned and 
 those of lead sul)stituted. Thus was maintained 
 a very complete system of water delivery, a sys- 
 tem which invariably impressed sojourners in 
 Bethlehem during the early days of the Repub- 
 lic, with astonishment and admiration. 
 
 In 1S03 the Moravian Church was built on the 
 ground occupied by the stand-pipe, necessitating 
 its removal, and a second one was built, a short 
 distance above. Iron i>ipes were introduced in 
 1S13, and were of unique construction, being 
 packed at the connection witli leather and joined 
 and tightened with screws or clamps by their 
 rianged ends. The water towers was removed in 
 1832, as a reservoir had been constructed on what 
 is now known as Broad street, capable of hold- 
 ing amjile supply of water for the settlement. 
 
 By an act of Assembly, approved by the 
 <iovenior of the Commonwealth, Francis R. 
 Shunk, Feb. 24, 1845, was authnrizol the incor- 
 I>oration of the "Bethlehem Water Oompany,'" 
 
RESOI'RCKS OF TlIK LKIIHill VALLEY. 
 
 73 
 
 under wliose care aiid supervision tlio watciN uf 
 the spring were distrilniU'd uniutfrniiitcdly for 
 26 years, the c<)ini)any, moreover, liavin};- ivsorted 
 to steam power as a pumping agent in l.S(j8. 
 
 The Broad street reservoir l)oeame useless in 
 1871, and in the early Spring of that year the 
 water company made overtures to the Borough 
 Council, looking t<j a sale of the water works and 
 the entire system of sui)])ly, including a transfer 
 of its charter rights, for the sum of $20,3(J0, and 
 the purchase was made in the following May. 
 
 AVork was at once commenced upcn a new 
 reservoir, an iron tank, placed back of North 
 street, east of High street, at a height of 149 feet 
 above the water works, exerting there a pressure 
 of 80 feet to the square inch. 
 
 In 1874 the machinery of the works was enlaged 
 and brought to the more perfect state a.s it now 
 exists. The second steam pumji now introduced, 
 consists of a double acting cylinder of 12 inch 
 diameter and .'? feet stroke. It raises 18 gallons 
 of water at each stroke and disti-ibutes over 500,000 
 gallons in 24 liours with the pump making 20 
 strokes per minute. 
 
 The wooden conduit, which had for many 
 years led the waters of the sj^ring a distance of 
 350 feet to the cistern in the water works building, 
 was supei-seded by 18 inch iron pipes in 1874." 
 
 In concludin.g their report the committee uses 
 the following. "It seems eminently fit, in con- 
 clusion, once more to refer to the spring near the 
 "Menagassi," which has never, since the primi- 
 tive times of the dispensing Aquarii of 1742 until 
 tlie present day, failed in the yield of its potable 
 flood.' Seasons of uncommon drought have 
 diminished its flow, but then even it is calulated 
 to furnish 777,700 gallons every 24 hours. The 
 water contains carbonate of lime held in solution 
 by free carbonic acid, but no magnesia, althi>ugh 
 coursing without doubt for a long distance 
 through the magnesian limestone." 
 
 The tiorough of South Bethlehem is supplied 
 with plenty of good water, the pumps being lo- 
 cated uynm the property of the Bethlehem Iron 
 Company, and owned by them. This pumping 
 machinery is of very superior construction, 
 and are ample to supply a population much 
 larger than at present in the borough. The water 
 is noted for its purity and liealth-promoting qual- 
 ities, and, in fact, few localities are more desirably 
 blessed in this important essential. 
 
 GAS WORKS. 
 
 The Bethlehem Gas (Company was chartered in 
 1853, and the works erected during the same year, 
 going into operation in January, 1S54. The cap- 
 ital paid in wiis $23,300, with the privilege to in- 
 crease to $50,000. Pipes are laid throughout the 
 town, and the streets are well lighted. 
 
 The borough of South Bethlehem is also light- 
 ed with gas. the company being of more recent 
 origin than that in tlie old town. 
 
 NKWSI'APKRS. 
 
 The first newspaper jirinted in Betlilehem was 
 
 in 1845, in the German language, and called Die 
 Bi'fiir, and was published by Julius Held. In 
 1S22, a monthly j)ami)hlet, called The Moravian 
 Church Mixa'lUtiu')!, jirinteil in English, was pub- 
 lished by the Society. In 1853 the first English 
 newsi)aper wa.s ]irinted, and called the Leh>;/h 
 Valley Times, edited by E. II. Rauch. This pajier 
 was publislied for abi>ut five years, but finally 
 was discontinued. At tlie present time there are 
 four papers, three in Betidchem, and one in 
 South Bethlehem : 
 
 The Tillies, published every evening, except 
 Sunday, by Godshalk & Co. established in ls()7. 
 
 Der Bnieder Botschaffer, pui)lished weekly, 
 German, Moravian, Rev. A. R. Oester, editor ; 
 Henry T. Clauder. publisher; established in 1807. 
 
 Moravidii, imblislied weekly. Rev. A. L. Oester, 
 editor; Henry T. Clauder, publisher; established, 
 1856. 
 
 Star, South Bethlehem, published weekly, by 
 Grim & Hailacher ; e.stablished in 1879. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Bethlehem has now a very efficient fire depart- 
 ment, and it is probably one of the oldest in the 
 country. In 1762 the Moravian congregation 
 purchased in London, a hand engine at an ex- 
 pense of £77. 12s. 2|d., and it is still preserved as 
 a curious relic. The department is well equipped 
 with all necessary appurtenances for protecting 
 and saving property, and the members are uni- 
 formed in a neat and attractive manner. Though 
 not often called into service, when needed do ef- 
 ficient work. 
 
 BANKING INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Being the centre of much wealth and business, 
 Bethlehem has two first class banks — the First 
 National and the Lehigh Valley. These possess 
 ample capital and are very important factors to 
 the success and convenience of the business and 
 monied community. Both institutions occupy 
 attractive buildings upon Main street, and are 
 officered by competent and reliable gentlemen 
 
 In South Betlilehem, the firm of E. P. Wilber 
 &Co.. general bankers, occupy a large and com- 
 niodious building near the depot. 
 
 HOTELS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 In the length and breadth of the Lehigh Val- 
 ley, no town can lay claim to better accommo- 
 dations for the traveling i>ublic than are to be 
 found in Bethlehem. The time honored "Sun 
 Inn," and the modern and handsome Eagle 
 hotel, are both thorough in every appointment. 
 The latter has recently been rebuilt, and additions 
 put to it, making it, with the very excellent 
 furnishings within, one of the most attractive 
 spots in this section of the State. 
 
 Two miles to the southwest of South Beth- 
 lehem, among the hills, are the Lcchauweki 
 Springs, and at their fountain head a large and 
 handsome hotel has been planted, and is now 
 known as the "Lech auweki Springs Hotel." This 
 
74 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALI.KY. 
 
 is a very popular resort for suiunier tourists, as are 
 in fact, all the hotels of the two towns. 
 
 Upon the south side of the river is located the 
 St. Luke Hospital, a free retreat for poor invalids 
 of the region, and any persons, employees or 
 otherwise, who maybe injured by accidents upon 
 the Lehigh Valley and other railroads of this 
 section. This institution is liberally sustained 
 by the employees of the railroads, and the com- 
 panies, the latter, in the case of the Lehigh Val- 
 ley road, giving as much more as is contributed 
 by tliose in their employ. It has done much 
 good, and owes its origin to the late Asa Packer. 
 
 THE RIVER, 
 
 The Lehigh river at Behtlehem is attractive, 
 and at many points romantic. Numerous pleas- 
 ure boats float upon its bosom, and in many re- 
 spects it is one of the chief attractions to the vis- 
 itor. A short distance above the covered bridge, 
 is situated Calipso Island, a very popular place 
 for pic-nics and excursion parties. Above and 
 around " Calipso" the Lehigh rushes along, and 
 the music of its waters animates the study 
 ■which nature here presents, and though unsung 
 in verse, ■" The Island's" image is embalmed in 
 the minds of thousands Avho have wiled away 
 upon its delighted shore many a sitmmer's day. 
 
 Independent of the historic covered bridge 
 that spans the river at the depot, a handsome 
 open iron bridge was built some fe^v years ago 
 across the Lehigh a short distance east, and near 
 the Bethlehem Iron Company's property. Across 
 the Monocacy, at Broad street, there is also an 
 iron bridge, from which, looking north and 
 south, grand views are beheld. 
 
 Bethlehem's streets and buildings. 
 
 The love of cleanliness that has always per- 
 vaded the town, is still one of its prominent and 
 most inviting features. The side-walks are will" 
 well paved with brick, and in many ^i. ces 
 
 with slate slabs, while the drive-ways are well 
 made, nicely graded, and during the heated 
 months thoroughly si^rinkled, making them de- 
 lightful and substantial road-ljed.s for the purpose 
 for which they are intended. Throughout the 
 whole town there lias been great care taken in 
 the planting of shtule trees, and the thoughtful 
 citizens are now enjoying the natural results of 
 their labors. 
 
 The principal thoroughfares for business pur- 
 poses are Main and Broad streets, and these are 
 lined on both sides, with substantial edifices, well 
 adapted for trade purposes. The private resi- 
 dences, as a rule, are attractively built, and sur- 
 rounded with abundant of yard room, grass and 
 flower plots everywhere predominating. 
 
 In South Bethlehem, though the greater part of 
 the town is composed of the employees of the 
 extensive industries located here, there are many 
 handsome residences upon what is known as 
 "Fountain Hill," a gentle slope rising to the 
 south from the depot. Many of these are sur- 
 rounded with extensive grounds, laid out in the 
 most elaborate manner. Here, also, they have 
 an opera house, of dimensions and finish that 
 towns of much larger population could well be 
 proud of. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 The foregoing pages of the history of Bethle- 
 hem are but a fractional part of what could be 
 written of this historic old town, full of quaint 
 and interesting incidents of the early struggles of 
 the law-abiding and church-loving Moravians, 
 Avho, though not in such proportionate strength 
 in the town as years ago, have left their indelli- 
 ble impressions ui^on the place, which has made 
 Bethlehem of to-day so attractive to visitors. 
 Those who have spent a season in its limits have 
 been amply rewarded and are always ready to 
 imrsuesome new tliread of interest that at alj. 
 timjs piesents iioeli". 
 
BETHLEHEM HND ENVIRONS. 
 
 At the intersecting point of two prominent railroads, the one carrying the products of the valley to 
 
 the nit'tr()i)olis of the nation — New York ; the other, performing a similar duty for the great 
 manufacturing centre — Philadelphia, is located one of the most attractive boroughs of the Common- 
 wealth of Pennsylvania — Bethlehem. In the midst of a territory- peculiarly blessed in its adaptation for 
 the production of the crops of mother earth ; along the line of two prominent arteries of traffic for 
 the great coal country beyond — the Lehigh Valley and L. and S. Division of the New Jersey Central 
 Railroads, and the teminal points of two other roads, the one — North Penn — the outlet for the valley 
 to Philadelphia, and the other — Lehigh and Lackawanna — reaching into the rich agricultural districts 
 and the slate quarrying section of Northampton county, has caused business to nestle down within 
 the limits of the time-honored town, and making Bethlehem of to-day a place of much activity. 
 
 Possessing superior natural advantages in the unexcelled location, having unlimited supply of 
 water for both power and every-day use, high and healthfully situated, attractively built and well laid 
 out with fine, wide and clean streets, Bethlehem offers to the lovers of activity in business life and 
 comfort and ease in home surroundings, unsurpassed inducements as a place of location, for either 
 manufacturing or mercantile enterprises. 
 
 The two boroughs of Bethlehem and South Bethlehem are so closely allied in business, as well as 
 location, in fact, distinction between them being rarely made, the publishers of this work have follow- 
 ed in the course of others, and combined the two as one. 
 
 Below will be found the leading interests— manufacturing and mercantile — of the towns, and the 
 desirability of them as a producing and purchasing centre will be at once noticed by reading the sketches 
 of the representative houses following : 
 
 G. A. YOUNG. 
 
 Hats, Caps and Gent's Furnishing Goods, No. 
 
 60 South Main Street. 
 Main Street, Bethlehara, always presents an attrac- 
 tive appearance, it being the le ading thoroughfare of 
 the place, on which the general trade of the borough 
 and to a great extent that of the Surrouuding country is 
 transacted. There are several hat and cap establishments 
 on this thoroughfare, whose enterprising proprietors 
 vie with each other in making style and fashion, prom- 
 inent among them is Mr. G. H. Young, proprietor of "Ti- 
 ger Hall." Mr. Young has been engaged in this special 
 line of trade for some years, and now conducts the larg- 
 estestahlishment in Bethlehem, dealing Caps, Hats 
 and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods. This business was 
 originally started by Mr. S. H. Young in 1870, and was 
 succeeded to by the present proprietor in 1878, since 
 which time he has greatly enlarged his facilities. The 
 store has a double front and is 21x72 feet in dimensions, 
 in which he has a carefully selected stock of choice 
 goods in the most fashionable styles, suitable for all 
 seasons, and the production of the best manufacturers 
 in the country. Four hands are employed in the store 
 and every ace onimodation and c mveiiicnce afforded the 
 patrons (if the house to make selections. Besides the 
 general line of Hats and Caps, Mr. Young has also a 
 full line of gentlemen's furnishing goods, such as Shirts, 
 Underwear, &c., of the best qualities and makes a 
 specialty of Collars, Cuffs, Neckties, Hosiery and the 
 numerous little articles required by gontlcmcn. 
 
 Mr. G. H. Young was born in the vicinity of Bethle- 
 hem in 1854, and has been eugagcd in business since 
 1878 on his own account. He is one of the most enter- 
 prising business men in Bethlehem. 
 
 WILLIAM NICKUM, 
 
 Merchant Tailor, No. 38 Main Street. 
 
 Among the popular merchant tailors of Bethlehem 
 no one is more capable or competent to cut and make 
 a well-fitting suit of clothing than Mr. William Nickum, 
 who has been engaged in this business at his present 
 location since 1862. The store is an extensive one, hav- 
 ing a double front and is 20x72 feet in dimensions, well 
 lighted and fitted throughout in the most elegant and 
 tasteful manner, in which every facility is afforded the 
 patrons of the establishment to make selections from 
 the large and varied stock of stylish and seasonable 
 goods of both home and foreign production. Mr. 
 Nickum is a practical cutter of many years experience 
 and has long been engaged in cutting to the wants 
 and taste of all classes of the comnuinity, and has 
 succeeded in giving the hightest satisfaction to all, 
 even the hard to please, and the most fastidious. 
 Some idea of the character and extent of the business 
 as conducted by Mr. Nickum can be gained when it is 
 stated that twenty-six skilled work people are employ- 
 ed by him in making garments to order for his trade. 
 He has gained a high reputation for the character 
 of his workmanship, perfect fit, and reliable character 
 of aU work, and his services are always iu demand by 
 those who take pride in being well dressed. 
 
 Mr. Nickum was born in the immediate vicinity of 
 Bethlehem, and is one of the most prominent citizens 
 of Northampton County; liberal ; enterprising and aj- 
 ways alive to the interests of ,the borough. He was 
 for years a member of the borough council, a position 
 which he held with dignity and honor to himself and 
 to the satisfaction of his constituents. 
 
76 
 
 RE«OURCE« OF THE LEHKill VAIJ.EY. 
 
 001 H & WOLLMUTH, 
 
 Designers and Decorators, Paper Hangers 
 AND Fresco Painters, No. 7 North Main Street. 
 .\mong the most interesting of the many attractive 
 establishments in Bethlehem, that conducted by Messrs. 
 Ooth & Wollmuth is probably the most popular with 
 all classes of the community. These gentlemen are 
 thorough artists in their line of business, and as de- 
 signers and decorators their services are constantly in 
 demand, not only by the residents of this vicinity, but 
 also from all sections of the Lehigh Valley, through 
 Central New Jersey and frum Philadelphia. They 
 make large contracts for Painting, Paper-Hauging, 
 Fresco Work, and the general decorating of Public 
 Buildings, Halls, Banks, Private Residences, Churches, 
 &c., and employ only experts and first-class artists in 
 each of these branches of their business. Their repu- 
 tation has extended to many sections of the United 
 States, and as an evidence of how their skill is appre- 
 ciated it is only necessary to mention that the interior 
 furnishings and decorations in the eapitol at Harrisburg 
 is the work of these artists, and they are now engaged 
 in the same kind of work in highly embellishing the 
 interior of the Thousand Island House, on the St. Law- 
 rence river, one of the most popular summer resorts in 
 the country. In various parts of the United States 
 the tirm have given the finishings to more than seventy- 
 two churches, all of which have been favorably com- 
 mented upon as being elegant, chaste and artistic. 
 
 These gentlemen are pure lovers of their art and 
 possess the happy faculty of originalizing designs, ar- 
 tistic in conception, and combining colors and shades 
 beautifully blended, and forming a tont ensemble at 
 once novel, striking and effective. As artists in fresco 
 they rank with the best in the country, and as origina- 
 tors of artistic and elaborate designs, are unsurpassed. 
 The business now conducted by the firm was originally 
 established in 1858 by Anthony Goth, and was contin- 
 ued by him until 1879, with one or two changes in firm 
 name of no material importance, when it came under 
 the control of the present proprietors, under whose ju- 
 dicious management the business has been greatly in- 
 creased, and now in the different branches seventy 
 skilled artists and workmen are employed. In the 
 store and salesroom, a full line of all kinds of wall 
 papers and those for interior decorations, can always 
 be found, comprising plain and ornamental Wall Papers, 
 Dadoes, Friezes, Borders, &c., and an endless variety of 
 rich and elegant Fine Art Hangings, Embossed Papers, 
 &c., of the most recherche description in colorings and 
 designs. A specialty of the business is sign painting, 
 graining, gilding, &c. 
 
 The founder of this business, Mr. Anthony Goth, is a 
 native of Austria, but has been a resident of this county 
 for many years. He was the owner of a washable wall 
 paper, which at once came into general use, and has 
 been pronounced one of the great achievements of the 
 age. 
 
 Mr. Herman Goth, son of the above gentleman, was 
 born in Austria in 1854, and came to the United States 
 in 1856. He is a thorough master of his profession, and a 
 courteous and pleasant gentleman. 
 
 Mr. Chas. Wollmuth was born in Prussia, and came 
 to this country in 1872. He is also a complete master of 
 his profession and highly esteemed in the community. 
 These gentlemen refer to R. A. Packer, Mauch Chunk; 
 E. P. Wilbur, G. B. Linderman. Bethlehem; A. Pardee, 
 H'azleton; ,Tohn Leisenring, Mauch Chunk; the State 
 Capitol Building, Harrisburg; Edw. J. Fox, Easton; C. 
 Pretz, AUcntowu : Palace Opera House, South Bethle- 
 hem; and seventy-two Churches, and others who are 
 pleased to unqualifiedly endorse their workmanship and 
 
 speak in the higliest terms of them as being thoroughly 
 conversant with every detail of their profession, and 
 recommend them to all who have occasion for their 
 .services. 
 
 LINDERMAN, SKEER & CO., 
 
 Miners of Sugar-Loap and Humboldt Lehigh 
 Coal, Office over Lehigh Valley National 
 Bank. 
 lu reviewing the various enterprises that have made 
 the Lehigh Valley one of the chief arteries of business 
 of this State, it is interesting and instructive to note 
 the advances that have been made in each several line 
 of product, and to ascertain exactly the progress that 
 has been secured by industry and capital. In over- 
 looking the field it is easy to see that the production 
 and shipment of coal has exercised a greater bearing 
 upon the growth and prosperity of this section of the 
 State than any other one product. It forms one of the 
 elements of wealth of our great State, and has allied 
 us more closely to the outside world than could have 
 been secured after a century of international negotia- 
 tions. The two railroads running the full length of the 
 valley have been but the arteries through which this 
 life-blood of coal has been made to reach and attain the 
 end for which it was hid away in the mountain side. 
 
 The advantages enjoyed by Bethlehem, through 
 which these roads pass, and the intersection with them 
 of the Reading, forming, in addition to the great outlet 
 at New York, one equally important at Philadelphia 
 has made this city the location of several prominent 
 firms engaged in this trade, some of whom conduct 
 their operations upon a scale, the magnitude of which 
 can hardly be appreciated except by a carefully de- 
 tailed review. The firm of Linderman, Skeer & Co. is 
 one of the most prominent of these operators, being 
 both miners and shippers, working extensive mines 
 located near Hazelton, and owning a large extent of 
 coal territory, from which an enormous product is real- 
 ized annually. Their mines are the well-known Sugar- 
 Loaf and Humboldt mines, and were opened, the first, 
 in 18-51 by Packer, Carter & Co., and the latter about 1866, 
 by the Ashburton Coal Co., who continued their work- 
 ing for a number of years, and until succeeded by the 
 present firm. The production of the Sugar Loaf mine 
 reaches 350,000 tons per annum, and the Humboldt 
 mine 75,000, requiring the services of about seven hun- 
 dred miners and outside workmen. The outlet for this 
 vast amount of coal is found in the Lehigh Valley 
 Railroad, that runs a siding directly to the mines, thus 
 enabling the firm to ship direct to New York and Phila- 
 delphia, and from these points to the Eastern States, 
 where the coal has a high reputation, and ranks in the 
 market as A No. 1. 
 
 The chief offices of the firm are in Bethlehem, over 
 the Lehigh Valley National Bank, from which point 
 they conduct the extensive trans-shipments, as well as 
 to direct the affairs of the mines, through competent 
 superintendents. The annual business of this firm is 
 immense, they handling more than a quarter million 
 tons per annum, and in a financial way adding much 
 to tlie prosperty and business strength of the Lehigh 
 Valley. 
 
 Dr. Linderman and Mr. Charles Skeer are both na- 
 tives of Mauch Chunk, and gentlemen of high standing 
 in the commercial world, who have by their enterprise 
 and liberality become prominent as holding a leading 
 position among the largest miners and shippers of coal 
 in the Lehigh coal regions. The other members of the 
 firm are R. A. Packer and Harry E- Packer, sons of Asa 
 Packer, whose name in the State of Pennsylvania is 
 the synonoym of energy, progressand worth. 
 
RESOUKCICS OF THE LETIiriH VALT.EY. 
 
 77 
 
 THE CHAPMAN SLATE CO., 
 
 Miners and Manufacturers of Rookinu Si.atk, 
 Plaguing, Etc., Chapman Quabribs:, North- 
 ampton County. 
 
 In vi.sitiug the many quarries that are located iu tlie 
 "Valley, tlie writer was very greatly impres.sed willi tlie 
 extent and magnitude of the one controlled and worked 
 by the Chapman Slate Company, at ChapmanviUe, 
 Northampton county. In 1&V2 Mr. William Chaimnin, a 
 Cornishmuu and practical slater, settled in Middle 
 Northampton, and after some years residing there be- 
 <'ome convinced that in the immediate vicinity there 
 were extensive beds of slate rock, which led, in 1850, to 
 opening what are known so widely now as the Chap- 
 man Quarries. By dint of energy and native talent he 
 gradually Inult up to its present magnitude the business 
 which he now controls. The Company was incorporated 
 by a special Act of the Legislature in 1S64 with a capital 
 stock of *300,000— since increased to$100,(XiO. The quarry 
 is situated about twelve miles from Bethlehem. The 
 grounds occupied by the company include fifty acres, 
 the quarry itself being about 300 by 1,000 feet with an 
 extreme depth of about 235 feet. The quarrying is 
 done altogether by blasting and the necessary drilling 
 by steam drills. The hoisting apparatus is, in fact, such 
 as is ordinarily u.sed — in part, however, of novel con- 
 struction, the essential features in the latter instance 
 being a five-ton cable, iK)0 feet long, on which there 
 runs a carriage with pully and chain, along which 
 slabs of slate weighing from four to six tons are drawn 
 and loaded where wanted. Blocks of the crude ma- 
 terial are thus delivered at six different "landings," on 
 the ragged edge of the chasm. 
 
 The machinery in use here at the quarry, consists of 
 six engines a combined power of 120 horse, eight 
 boilers of 4.S0 horse power, two steam drills, seven der- 
 ricks, three diamond saws, two planers, one diamond 
 drill, etc. There are employed one hundred and sixty 
 hands, divided as follows ; forty quarrymeu, sixty 
 slaters, twenty factorj'men, and the balance engineers 
 and common laborers, to whom are distributed $.30,000 
 annually in wages. 
 
 The capacity of the quarry is 6,000 squares per mouth, 
 a square in their phraseology meaning sufficient slate 
 to cover ten square feet of roof. The slate is a superior 
 quality, dark blue in color, absorbs no moisture, will 
 not fade, discolor or decompose. Independent of the 
 manufacture of roofing slate, which of itself is enor- 
 mous,the company extensively manufacture it into slabs 
 for a variety of slate goods, such as billiard, bagatelle 
 table and counter tops, impo.sing stones, black boards, 
 cisterns, lintels,window sills, copings, ridge poles, stair- 
 ways, floor tiles and building stone for all purposes. 
 For the mauufacture of these articles, they have ex- 
 tensive works directly at the quarry, furnished with 
 complete and ingenious machinery for their finishing 
 in the most satisfactory manner. 
 
 The flagging manufactured from the material mined 
 at the quarries is equal to any in the market in appear- 
 ance and durability. For fence posts it is without 
 doubt the cheapest and most durable of any material 
 that can be used. The introduction of the most im- 
 proved labor-saving machinery, specially designed for 
 the purpose for which it is applied, enables the com- 
 pany to produce anything and everything in the way 
 of slate-furnishings, at a minimum of cost. 
 
 The main oflice of the company is at the quarries, 
 ChapmanviUe, Northampton county, and the New 
 York office is at 503, 505 and 507 West street. The quar- 
 ries are directly under the superintendence of Mr. 
 Richard Chapman, residing there, while at the office, 
 Mr. M. Z. Bahn, the courteous and efficient secretary, 
 has charge of the business details. The head and 
 
 prime factor in this extensive enterprise, is Mr. William 
 Chapman, its founder, and now the president and 
 treasurer. He was born in Cornwall, England, in ISlfi. 
 and iu 1^2 emigrated to this country, after having 
 priK-tically mastered the slating business, and settled 
 near the location of the present quarry, where he re- 
 mained until his extensive business interests required 
 his removal to Bethlehem. Prompt, efficient and 
 decisive iu his character and operations, liberal in deal- 
 ing and obliging dis))ositioii, he is amply deserving of 
 the i>rosperity that has attended his efforts, and the 
 esteem in whieh he is held wherever known. 
 
 JOSEPH D. EMERY. 
 
 Coal, Sano, Wood, &c., Office and Yard, on 
 THE "LEHKiu," .near Canal Bridge. 
 
 Mr. Jo.seph D. Emery has been engaged in this busi- 
 ness only since 1881, but during the short time it has 
 been under his control he has greatly increased the 
 trade. The location occupied by him is an old one, as 
 on this site the same kind of business has been carried 
 on lor a number of years. In 187ii it was conducted by 
 Mr. H. D. Yeager, and in 1.S77 by John W. Crellin, who 
 was succeeded by Mr. Joseph D. Emery, the present 
 proprietor. A number of hands are employed in the 
 yard, and several wagons are required in delivery to all 
 parts of the borough. The business comprises, Coal. 
 .Sand, Wood, Ac, and from the very eligible location 
 of the yard on the Lehigh Canal affords excellent facil- 
 ities for the reception and delivery of the class of 
 commodities dealt in. 
 
 Mr. Emery is a young man about twenty-four years 
 of age, and was formerly engaged in the dry goods 
 trade. He is popular with all classes of the communi- 
 ty, enterprising and full of pluck and vim. He began 
 business under very favorable auspices, and his ener- 
 gy cannot fail to bring its just reward. 
 
 WM. M. SEIGFRIED, 
 
 Wholesale Dealer and Bottler of Beer, 
 
 Porter, Ale and Stock Goods. 
 Mr. Wni. M. Siegfried has been engaged iu this bus- 
 iness for fourteen years and was fonuerly located on 
 Canal Street. In the summer of l.SSl he removed to 
 his present location, and occupies eligible quarters 
 numbered 116 and 118 South Main street, where he has 
 every facility for carrying on the business. The bot- 
 tling department is in the basement aud consist of cool 
 cellars and vaults supplied with all the machinery aud 
 appliances required in the bottling of Ales, Porter, 
 Lager Beer, Minerel Water, Sarsaparilla, Ginger Ale, 
 Birch Beer, &c. A specialty is made of the well known 
 Newark Export beer, and also Lauer's Reading ale, 
 porter and lager beer, which are carefully put up ex- 
 pressly for hotel and family use. In the manufacture 
 of the light and refreshing beverages, such as 
 birch beer, mineral water, ginger ale. cream mead. 
 Mr. Siegfried is not excelled, and he controls a large 
 trade derived from Bethlehem and the adjoining neigh- 
 borhood. With the facilities at hand, Mr. Siegfried is 
 at all times able to su])ply all demands made upon him 
 and the superior excellence of his goods has given him 
 an enviable reputation wherever they are known ami 
 used. His long experience in this business has madu 
 him familiar with the wants of his fmtrons, and by 
 giving his personal supervision to the establishment, 
 he is always able to serve his customers in a satisfactory 
 manner. Besides the extensive bottling business, Mr. 
 Siegfried also conducts a saloon and restaurant on the 
 ground floor at the above location, which is handsome- 
 ly arranged with mirrors and pictures. 
 
 Mr. Siegfried is a courteous and agreable gentleman, 
 who has made hosts of friends and is popular with all 
 who have business relations with him. 
 
78 
 
 RESOUKCES OF THK LTOUIGIT VALTTA'. 
 
 BHIVE GOVERNOR WORKP. 
 
 M. C. Smylik, Pkoikii;toiu 
 
 These extensive works, which have won a world 
 wide reputation as the producer of the best and most 
 scientifically constructed Governor now made, was 
 originally located in the city of Philadelphia, from 
 1868 until 1873. At the latter date in order to extend the 
 capacity of production and to secure facilities, which 
 the present location offered, they were removed to 
 where they now are. The works are located about one 
 mile from South Bethlehem, and consist of a Machine 
 Shop, 80x34 feet, two stories in height, and a Foundry, 
 40x20 feet, also two stories in height; both are built sub- 
 stantially of stone, and supplied with the most com- 
 plete appliances for the manufacture of their special- 
 ties, most of which have been built especially for the 
 purpose intended and every piece of machinery and 
 all their tools are models of skill and correct work- 
 manship, reaching in accuracy, attention to details 
 and careful finish, the finest watch machinery of the 
 country. Below we append a short description of the 
 Shive Governor and a schedule of prices for the va- 
 rious sizes. 
 
 The Shive Governor possesses, in an eminent degree, 
 all the qualities desirable and requisite in an efficient 
 Governor. It is the only Governer in which the balls 
 swing at angle to the radial line, resulting in greater 
 delicacy of operation than can be obtained by a radial 
 movement. The slightest increase or decrease in the 
 amount of resistance to be overcome by the eagine, is 
 at once indicated by an alteration in the distance of the 
 Governor-balls, and a corresponding change in the 
 steam supply-valve. This mode of suspending the balls 
 has the additional advantage of causing the Governor 
 to wear longer, by reason of there being much less 
 friction than in the old method of construction. The 
 balls swing in most natural to freely suspend weights 
 when the stem of the Governor begins to revolve, 
 while the least retardation causes the balls to gain in 
 the direction of rotation, and return toward their cen- 
 tre of revolution. The automatic safety-check stops 
 the engine when anything occurs to interfere with the 
 action of the Governor, such as the breaking or fall- 
 ing off of the belt, or some accident to the gearing. At 
 
 the .same time it does not interfere in the slighest degree 
 with the efhciency of the Governor. The feeder will 
 instantly change the speed of tlie engine to any extent 
 while running, and also autDiiiutically take up any lost 
 motion that may occur — thus making tlie <^;overuor last 
 longer. The valve is perfectly bahuiced in all positions, 
 and is corrected simultaneously witli ciny change of 
 speed in engine. 
 
 REDUCED PRICE LIST, NOV. 1, 1879. 
 
 Size of 
 
 Black. 
 
 Fin- 
 ished. 
 
 Extra for 
 
 Gover- 
 
 Ball 
 
 
 Auto'c 
 
 
 nor. 
 
 
 and S 
 
 peed- 
 
 Safety 
 
 Stop 
 
 
 
 
 Lever 
 
 er. 
 
 Check. 
 
 ^'alve. 
 
 Hin. 
 
 $ 16 00« 18 00 « 1 90$ 
 
 2 25 
 
 J 
 
 $ 4 0.'> 
 
 1 " 
 
 18 00 
 
 20 00 
 
 2 00 
 
 2 i') 
 
 
 5 OO 
 
 
 20 00 
 
 23 00 
 
 2 25 
 
 2 .50, 
 
 
 6 (M^ 
 
 23 00 
 
 27 00 
 
 2 50i 
 
 2 75, 
 
 8 00 
 
 7 50 
 
 2 " 
 
 27 00 
 
 31 00 
 
 2 75 
 
 2 75 
 
 9 00 
 
 9 Of> 
 
 iy^ " 
 
 36 00 
 
 41 00 
 
 3 50 
 
 3 50 
 
 10 00 
 
 12 Of> 
 
 3 " 
 
 45 00 
 
 52 00 
 
 4 25 
 
 4 25' 
 
 11 00 
 
 17 00 
 
 w^ " 
 
 54 00 
 
 62 00 
 
 4 50 
 
 4 50| 
 
 12 50 
 
 21 00 
 
 4 " 
 
 64 00 
 
 73 00 
 
 5 00 
 
 5 00 
 
 14 50 
 
 25 00 
 
 4^/^ " 
 
 74 00 
 
 84 00 
 
 5 50 
 
 5 qO| 
 
 16 00 
 
 31 00 
 
 5 " 
 
 84 00 
 
 95 00 
 
 6 00 
 
 6 50 
 
 17 50 
 
 37 00 
 
 6 " 
 
 112 00 
 
 125 00 
 
 7 00 
 
 7 50! 
 
 19 00 
 
 50 00 
 
 7 " 
 
 132 00 
 
 146 00 
 
 8 00 
 
 9 50! 
 
 22 00 
 
 60 00 
 
 8 •' 
 
 160 00 
 
 176 00 
 
 9 OOl 
 
 10 00^ 
 
 25 00 
 
 75 00 
 
 To all who use Steam Power.— '^q put our Governor 
 on any engine and warrant it to prove superior to all 
 others and to do all we claim for it. If, after a fair 
 trial, it does not, we will take it oflf at oui" own ex- 
 pense. Xo charge for boxing. 
 
 The testimonials received in favor of this Governor 
 represents its use in the largest concerns in the United 
 States, among which are the Bethlehem Iron Company, 
 John Roach, Naefie and Levi. Ames' Iron Works, of Os- 
 wego, N. Y., and many others. The largest Governor 
 ever made was built by these works, and is now in use 
 by the Bethlehem Iron Company. Quite an exten- 
 sive trade is engaged by the works, and much of it 
 reaches Europe and South America. Watchman's 
 Clocks and Detectors are also built here, ani full de- 
 scriptions are given of them on application. Our mis- 
 sion is not to go into details, but to give the Shive 
 Governor Works the prominence they merit as among 
 the prominent industries of this Valley, by a brief 
 notice of its origin and success. 
 
 Mr. M. C. Smylie, the proprietor, is a native of Phila- 
 delphia, where he was born in 1817, and is a son of John 
 Smylie, formerly of the Adams Express Company, and 
 has made the manufacture of Governors a special 
 study, and it is stating but the simple fact when we 
 say that in the matter of scientific construction and 
 successful operation, the Shive Governor stands to-day 
 without its equal in the world. 
 
 J. F. RAUCH, 
 
 Confectioner, Fruiter and Ice Cream Par- 
 lors, No. 42 South Main Street. 
 This is one of the oldest ice cream saloons and cake 
 bakeries in Bethlehem. It has been in existence for more 
 than forty-years, having been originally established by 
 Mr. H. H. Rauch, who admitted his son, Mr. J. F. Ranch, 
 to an interest in the business in 1872, and upon the 
 retirement of his father in 1880 he assumed the sole 
 management. A large building is occupied and the 
 neat and tastifully arranged store room is well supplied 
 with a full stock of choice Confectionery, Fruits, Nuts, 
 &c. Adjoining the store are the ice cream parlors, 
 which are furnished in a cheerful and inviting style 
 and where every attention is given to the wants of 
 customers. A special branch of the business, is mak- 
 ing cakes of all kinds to order, and of furnishing 
 weddings, parties and families. Another feature is the 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEiriOlI VAT. LEY. 
 
 79 
 
 furnishing ' ( ii a-iri 'ir.esis at short notice which are pre- 
 ferred aur? f.-ri'od promptly in the best style. 
 
 Mr. H. ;/. r.a'.ich, the founder of this bu.sine.ss and 
 father ( f \fr jroprie'Xyr, has been a resident of Bethle- 
 hem fit 4'/ years, ccming from his native place, Lan- 
 caster <■( v.aiy, in \?A0. His son was born in Bethlehena, 
 and is ». young man respected by all who know him, 
 and hit s'.ore and ice cream parlors arc well and liber- 
 ally patronized by the best citizens in Betlilehem. Mr. 
 Ilauch, Sr., takes rank among the old residents, and is 
 a liberal and public spirited citizen, highly respected 
 and esteemed. 
 
 .lOSEPH H. TRAEGKR, 
 
 Dry Goods, Gkockries, &c., No. 21 South Main 
 Street. 
 
 This is one of f be oldest business houses in Bethle- 
 heiji, and was fniinded in 1819 by Jacob Rice, and eon- 
 ducted by him until the fall of 1862, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by the firm of Seaman & Traeger, who were 
 followed in 187'., by Treager & Au.stin. They continued 
 together until 1880, when Mr. Austin retired, and Mr. 
 Traeger beca/r.e the proprietor. He conducts a general 
 business i.a T>Ty Goods and Groceries, in supplying a 
 large and ijbstantial trade, employing ten assistants in 
 attending to the wants of customers, packing and de- 
 livering gr.ods. The store is a large one , having an at- 
 tractive front and extending to the rear a dey)th of one 
 hundred and twenty-five feet, making the largest room 
 in town for the display of goods. The stock carried is 
 complete in every department, carefully selected, and 
 bought direct from first hands, enabling the proprietor 
 to offer advantages to his patrons that cannot be ex- 
 celled by any simular establishment in this section, 
 and comprises everything usually found in a first-class 
 establishment of this kind, from the finest class of goods 
 to the common necessities of life, the display of Car- 
 pets, Oil Cloths, Matting and Window Shades being par- 
 ticularly attractive. The grocery department contains 
 a well assorted stock of fine and staple goods, particu- 
 lar attention being paid to the line of goods known as 
 Fancy Groceries. In dry goods, which is the import- 
 ant department, may always be found fine Silks, Dress 
 Goods, Domisters and in short a complete and well se- 
 lected assortment of the almost numberless articles em- 
 braced under the name of Dry Goods. 
 
 Mr. Traeger is a prominent citizen of Bethlehem, 
 where he was born, and for many years has been iden- 
 tified with its prosperity and growth. As a merchant 
 he is honorable and reliable, and as a citizen liberal 
 and public spirited. His establishment is an orna- 
 ment to the town. 
 
 BUSH, BULL & DIEHL, 
 
 New York Dry Goods Emporium, 55 Main 
 
 Street. 
 Among the firms in Bethlehem whose business houses 
 have become the resort of those in quest of stylish goods 
 forladies wear, is that of Bush, Bull & Diehl, at No. 55 
 Main St., who began bi:siuess in 1879, and which they 
 have since continued to augment, and have drawn to 
 their counters a large class of the citizens and built up 
 a substantial patronage. The business w'as originally 
 established by Bush & Hull in 1879 and in 1881 Mr. 
 Diehl was admitted as a member of the firm. The busi- 
 ness comprises a general line of Dry Goods, Silks, Cash- 
 meres and Dress Goods of all the popular styles, and 
 most fashionable designs of both European and Domes- 
 tic manufacture, which are purchased direct from the 
 manufacturer or from the leading importing houses in 
 New York and Philadelphia. The store is spacious, 
 combining every facility for the display and arrange- 
 ment of stock for in.spection and examination. The 
 firm imakes a speciality of Silks, and Cashmeres, and 
 
 carry a full line of this class of dress goods, which they 
 furnish at prices as low as can be obtained in the large 
 cities. 
 
 The establishment of this .store in Bethlehem has fill- 
 ed a want long felt by the citizens, as it enables them 
 to purchase the latest and most fashionable styles of 
 gDods as soon as introduced. A large and lucrative 
 trade is conducted, and it is a popular resort in Beth- 
 lehem. Messrs. Bush & Bull have long been identified 
 with the dry goods trade in this .section of the Lehigh 
 Valley, and conduct an extensive house in the same 
 line of business in Ea.ston, of which the Bethlehem 
 hou.se is a branch. Mr. Diehl, the junior member of 
 this firm, was for eight years connected with the house 
 in Easton, and is a courteous and reliable l>usiness man. 
 on whom devolves the general management of this 
 branch of the business. The .store is one of the largest 
 in the borough, having a frontage of 22 feet with a 
 depth of iX) feet, in which a heavy stock is always car- 
 ried, and 8 clerks are employed. Messrs. Bu.sh, Bull & 
 Diehl carefully cater to the wants of their patrons, and 
 can always be relied on as upright and honorable in all 
 their dealings. 
 
 REVOLUTION PAINT CO., 
 
 Nathan Bartlett, Supt., Office and Factory 
 REAR ].. V. R. R. Go's Depot. 
 
 The Revolution Paint Company is not only conducted 
 in an enterprising manner, hut produces an article of 
 paint equal to that of any other paint manufacturers in 
 the country. The works were established in 1870 in the 
 vicinity of New York, and in 1871 were destroyed by 
 fire. In 1878 a building was erected in the rear ot the 
 Lehigh Valley depot in the town of Bethlehem, where 
 the business has been successfully carried on ever since. 
 The paints made by the Revolution Paint Co., are the 
 result of experiments which have been perfected and 
 brought into use by Geo. T. Lewis, and Eayre O. Bart- 
 lett, and patented by them. They are produced by fire 
 are free from acid, are strictly pure, and will outwear 
 many of the brands of paints now in the market. Dur- 
 ing its business career the Revolution Paint Co. have 
 succeeded by thorough excellance of itsproductions, the 
 new improved process in use at these works, and their 
 prompt manner in filing out orders, in building up a 
 large and substantial trade, which is being rapidly in- 
 creased requiring the works to run at all times up to their 
 full capacity. Salesmen are constantly on the road and 
 orders are continually coming in from all parts of the 
 State, and from Northern New Jersey. The Revohition 
 Paints arc highlv prized by all who use them, and have 
 attained a permanent reputation, and find a ready 
 demand wherever introduced. The Revolution Ready- 
 Mixed Paints, and Bartlett's pure White Lead consti- 
 tute the principal production, but they also manufac- 
 ture paints of nil kinds, also graining colors, and the 
 Revolution oil for tinning down paint. 
 
 Mr. Nathan Bartlett, the superintendent and manager 
 of the works, is a native of Tuckerton, N. J, where he 
 was bom in 1814, and was for 30 yeai-s engaged in the 
 manufacture of Oxide of Zinc, and built the firet fur- 
 nace erected in the United States for its manufacture, 
 at Newark, N. J. He erected the zinc works at Bethle- 
 hem, in 1853, and superintended them for 12 years. He 
 also erected the zinc works at Tyrone, Penna, in 1864, 
 and in 1867 he erected the Zinc works at Bergen Point. 
 N. J., the largest in the United States, and which are 
 now in successful operation. lu 1870 he engaged in 
 the manufacture of the Revolution Paint at South Beth- 
 lehem, which have since been'in successful operation. 
 He is one of the enterprising men of this section of 
 the country, and his name is intimately connected 
 with Zinc manufacture of Pennsylvania and New 
 Jersey. 
 
80 
 
 EEoOURCES OF TIIi: LVAllun VALT.EY. 
 
 LEHIGH MANUFACTURINO CO., 
 
 ManLFACTUUERS of SHOVKr.S AND Sr.UiKS AN!) 
 
 Romig's Patent Wagon I'LAirohnr, 1>kiik;ii Val- 
 ley Railuoai), near the Depot. 
 
 Amoug the enterprising niauufacluring establish- 
 ments iu Bethlehem, which greatly add to the material 
 welfare of that i)lace, is the Lehigh Manufacturing com- 
 pany, which was originally established in 1H60 by 
 Thomas Weiss and a number of other gentlemen, who 
 were succeeded by tlie firm of Thomas Weiss & Bro., 
 which was iu turn followed by Frank Weiss, who con- 
 tinued the business until IST'J, at which time the Le- 
 high Manufacturing Company was formed, with Francis 
 Wei.ss, Jr. as Sec. and Treas., and W. B. Romig, superin- 
 tendent. Pursuing from the start a business policy con- 
 taining all the elements of assured success, manufac- 
 turing sho\'els, sjiades and scoops, and the Romig patent 
 wagou platform, the Company has combined to make 
 many improvements iu their works and now occupy a 
 cluster of six buildings, one and two stories in height, 
 occupying an acre of ground, in which they have all the 
 required and special machinery for carrying on the 
 woi-k, driven by two steam engines of 20 horse power 
 each. They emphiy 20 workmen in the various depart- 
 ments and turn out between 60 and 70 dozen shovels, 
 scoops and spades per day, and a large number of the 
 Romig carriage platforms. The platforms are the re- 
 sult of the genius of Mr. Romig, tlie superintendent of 
 the works, were patented by him July 16, 1878, and are 
 now largely in use in various parts of the country, hav- 
 ing been thoroughly tested since that time, and have 
 given the most .satisfactory results, being pronounced by 
 competent judges to be superior to all other platforms 
 in the market both as regard, strength, neatness and 
 simplicity of design. The Company also manufacture 
 a scoop shovel patented in April 1881, which possesses 
 many advantages and improvements and is destined at 
 no distant day to supercede those of the ordinary kind 
 of other manufacturers. Besides the above articles 
 turned out by this company, they manufacture hoes to 
 the extent of 100 doz. per day, which are made expressly 
 for, and shipped throughout the Southern States. The 
 Sec. and Treas. of the company, Mr. Francis Weiss, Jr., 
 has been connected with it since its inception. He was 
 born inEckley, Luzerne county, in 1855. He was brought 
 up in these works from boyhood, and is familiar with 
 the details of the business in all its branches. 
 
 Mr. Wm. B. Romig, the general superintendent of the 
 works, is a native of Lehigh county, where he was born 
 in 1839. He is endowed with a high degree of mechan- 
 ical genius and executive ability, and has during his 
 connection with the Company been largely instrumen- 
 tal in furthering the advancement of its interests. He 
 is a practical carriage maker, and the improved patent 
 wagon platform invented by him is being rapidly 
 adopted throughout the United States. The works of 
 the Lehigh Manufacturing Co. are among the most im- 
 portantin this section of Pennsylvania and conduce in 
 no small degree to the prosperity of Bethlehem, where 
 they are located. 
 
 CHAS. N. BECKEL, Agt., 
 
 Ikon Founder and Machinest, On the Lehigh 
 
 River and the Canal. 
 This was the first iron foundry and machine shop 
 erected in this section outside of Philadelphia, and for 
 many years the only one iu this section of the State. It 
 was founded iu 1825 by Charles N. Beckel, the father of 
 the present proprietor, and conducted by him until the 
 time of his death, June, 1880. 
 
 In 1880 Mr. Charles N. Beckel became sole proprietor, 
 and assumed the management of the works, which con- 
 sist of a cluster of buildings, comprised of a substantial 
 
 brick machine shop Ssioriesiu height, and 30x60 fret 
 (linu'Hsinus. a foundry ;>OxlO feet, and other smulKr 
 buildings used for various purpo.ses. A general iron 
 foundry, and machine business is carried on, iron 
 bridges constructed, and all kinds of machinery made 
 and put up, special attention being given to mill ma- 
 chinery. In the construction of iron bridges, Mr. 
 Beckel has achieved a prominence for the higli eliar- 
 acter, perfect workmanship and strength of this class cf 
 work. 16 workmen are engaged in the different depart- 
 ments of the works, who find constant employment in 
 getting out the contracts with which Mr. Beckel is con- 
 stantly engaged. Mr. Chas. N. Beckel, the proprietor, is 
 a thorough, practical man, having been brought up to 
 this business under the careful tuition of his father. 
 He was born in Bethlehem in 1827, and has always been 
 prominently identified with the iron working interests 
 of this section, where he is highly respected as a busi- 
 nessman and citizen. This establishment is the old- 
 est iu the Lehigh Valley, has been of great advantagi! 
 to the borough of Bethlehem, and holds a leading posi- 
 tion among the many industrial enterprises in that 
 thrifty community. * 
 
 AUG. H. LEIBERT. 
 
 Bookseller and Stationer, No. 51 Broad 
 Street. 
 
 Tlie popular establishment of Mr. Augustus 11. Lei- 
 bert, at No. 51 Broad street, is the resort of all classes of 
 the citizens of Bethlehem, when in search of Books, 
 Stationary, or the Magazines and Periodicals of the day. 
 Mr. Leibert occupies a business stand which was estab- 
 lished in 1858, and came into his hands in 1877, where 
 he is catering to the intellectual tastes of the commu- 
 nity. He makes a speciality of school and college book.s 
 and of all the standard publications and authorities on 
 grammar, geography, mathaniatics, and the classics, 
 and also has all the requisities in school stationary. He 
 has connected with his business a fine circulating 
 library in which collection he has most of the popular 
 and standard works, embracing every subject, and in- 
 cluding the latest novels and light literature of known 
 merit and excellence. He has also a fine stock of blank 
 books, from the pocket memorandum book to the count- 
 ing house ledger, and also makes to order this class of 
 books of any size and kind. Mr. Liebert is an enter- 
 prising business man, and a native of Bethlehem. He 
 is polite, and attentive to his business, and is deserving 
 of the highest praise from the community in enable- 
 ing them at a small cost to obtain and enrich their 
 minds thi'ough the medium of his circulating library. 
 
 He is a lover of literature himself and always en- 
 courages and promotes a love for books among the 
 young. 
 
 F. J. ENGLE, 
 
 Manufacturer of Frames, Brackets, Chrojios, 
 Etc., No. 57 Broad Street. 
 
 One among the important industrial establishments 
 and the only one of the kind in Bethlehem, is that of 
 Mr. F. J. Engle, manufacturer of Frames, Brackets, 
 Window Shades, and dealer in Chromes, etc. He began 
 this business in 1871, and has since conducted it in a 
 most successful manner, having every facility and con- 
 venience for the proper prosecution of the work. Many 
 of the designs of frames, etc., eminafing from his es- 
 tablishment, are of the most elaborate and ornamental 
 description ; being new and original, and the work- 
 manship the most perfect. He finds a ready sale for all 
 the goods turned out, and enjoys a lucrative and sub- 
 stantial trade. 
 
 Mr. Engle is a native of Northampton county, and 
 during his residence in Bethlehem has become popular 
 as a b\isiness man and citizen. 
 
IIESOURCES OF THE LEIIIOII VALLEY. 
 
 81 
 
 WESTON DODSOX A CO., 
 
 MiNEKS AND SIIIPI-EKS OP ANTIIRAaTE COAT,, OF- 
 FICE, Lehigh Valley, National Bank Building, 
 Branch •J04 Walnut Place, Philadelphia. 
 
 The vast amount of coal mined annually in Penn- 
 sylvania, and distributed to various parts of the coun- 
 try reaches in value an immense sum. Engaged in 
 this business are a number of capitalist and enterpris- 
 ing business men, many of whom are located in various 
 parts of the Lehigh Valley and especially at Bethle- 
 hem, which offers special advantages by reason of its 
 location and railroad facilities for its successful pros- 
 ecution and management. Among these is the firm of 
 Weston Dodson & Co., who have been engaged in this 
 business since 1871, and who are the successors of the 
 firm of Weston Dodson & Bro., who originally estab- 
 lishe'd it in 1865. The shipments are principally of Le. 
 high Coal from the following named collieries. Beaver 
 Brook, Ebewalc, Stout, East Spring Mountain, Upper 
 Lehigh, Council Ridge and Sandy Run, and they also 
 ship largely from the Wyoming and Schuylkill districts 
 .besides supplying their trade with Bituminous Coal 
 from the Clearfield and Cumberland regions. 
 
 They are also the shipping agents of the firm of 
 Charles M. Dodson & Co., miners of the popular Beaver 
 Brook Coal, whose mines are located at Audemied, Pa. 
 
 The members of the firm, Weston Dodson, L M. Dod- 
 son and Charles M. Dodson, hold a leading position 
 among the extensive coal miners and shippers in the 
 coal regions, who have by their liberality materially 
 advanced the interest of that section of the State, and 
 have added in no small degree to the prosperity 
 of Bethlehem, from which point their operations are 
 mainly conducted. The firm also have a branch office 
 Philadelphia in at No. 204 Walnut Place for the accom- 
 modation of their quite extensive trade in that city. 
 
 RITTER, BECK & LEH, 
 
 Northampton, Saw and Planing Mill, Second 
 
 Street. 
 The Northampton steam saw and planing mill w as 
 established in 1875 by Ritter & Beck, who have since 
 pushed their business with vigor and energy and are 
 conducting an extensive trade in Bethlehem, and 
 and throughout the Lehigh Valley. The mill property 
 consists of 2 buildings, constructed in a substantial man- 
 ner, the main building having dimcntions of 22x77, 
 well furnished with all the ingenious machinery of 
 recent inventions, much of which was in use at the 
 Centeuial Exposition, driven by a 30 horse power 
 engine, and employment is given to 25 men in the dif- 
 ferent departments, who are earnestly engaged in get- 
 ting out mill work of all kinds, such as sash, blinds, 
 ■doors, window frames, mouldings, brackets, stair rail- 
 ing, newell posts, Ac, The firm also make a specialty 
 of building stairs, and making and puttng up a special 
 line of furniture for churches. Scroll sawing, carving, 
 shaping and fitting, Ac., in all kinds of wood, such as 
 maple, walnut, ash, oak, pine, &c., in any styles and de- 
 signs, and supply all materials for building and orna- 
 mental purposes, and have gained a reputation for sub- 
 stantial and fine work, not surpassed by any other sim- 
 ilar establishment in this region. 
 
 The members of the firm are Owen Ritter, T. BecKand 
 A. Leh. Mr. Ritter is originally from Alleutowu, where 
 he was born in 1833. Mr. Beck is of Northampton 
 County, and was born about 1828, and Mr. Leh is of 
 Bethlehem, and was born in 1815, and has been the 
 junior member of the firm since 1881. The firm is a 
 icpreseutative one in its line of business, and enjoys 
 the confidence of a large and substantial patronage, 
 which it has gained by the reliable and satisfactory 
 manner in which all contracts are filled. 
 
 6 
 
 SIM<;>X RAU JtCO., 
 
 Druggists, Eistarlistied 175G. No. 1.56 South 
 Main Street. 
 
 Tills Ls the oldest drug house in the Lehigh Valley, 
 and the first in this section of Pennsylvania. It was 
 established as early as 1756 by the Moravian Economy, 
 soon after the settlement of this part of the State, and 
 was under the superintendence of Matthias Ott, M. D., 
 who conducted the basiness for many years, and was 
 succeeded by Dr. Everhard Frcytag. In 183'J it came 
 into the possession of Mr. Simon Rau, who has since 
 associated with him Mr. Robert Rau and Mr. E. A. Rau, 
 luider the present name and style of firm. Many 
 changes have been made in location and in improve- 
 ments since the basiness was originally founded, more 
 than 125 years-ago, to meet the demands of the increas- 
 ing advancements of the age and the great influx of 
 population which has made Bethlehem a thriving 
 town, and now covers the hills and fruitful valley of 
 the Lehigh. 
 
 The store is located in a building fitted and fur- 
 nished throughout with all the conveniences and 
 facilities for conducting the extensive trade that 
 is carried on by this firm. A general business as drug- 
 gist and supplying medicines, proprietary preparations, 
 perfumery, and fancy articles known as druggist's sun- 
 dries, also the compounding of physicians and family 
 prescriptions, and dealing in paints, oils, glass, etc., and 
 the specialty of garden and flower seeds, constitute the 
 principal features of the house. The trade is derived 
 from all parts of the Lehigh Valley and amounts to a 
 large sum aimually. The firm is supplying pure, fresh 
 drugs and medicines and giving attention to the pre- 
 paration of prescriptions, for which they are highly en- 
 dorsed by the leading physicians of this vicinity. Mr. 
 Simon Rau, the senior member of the firm, was born in 
 Lehign county, near Bethlehem, in 1S18. In 1830 he 
 began as a clerk in this house under a former proprietor 
 and became its sole proprietor in 1839. Mr. Rau is one 
 of the oldest inhabitants of Bethlehem, where he is 
 known by every one. He has always assisted in pro- 
 moting the material advancement of the borough, and 
 was for a time a member of its council, aiding in no 
 small degree by his influence the many improvements, 
 which have greatly enhanced the prosperity of Bethle- 
 hem. Mr. Robert Rau was born in AUentown in 1844. 
 He is a regular graduate in pharmacy of the Philadel- 
 phia College, and gives his special attention to the per- 
 scription department of the business. He recently pub- 
 lished a neat little pamphlet giving a full history and 
 description of the works which supply the borough 
 with pure spring water, an epitomized sketch from 
 which appears in the general article on Bethlehem, 
 and will be read with great interest. 
 
 Mr. E. A. Rau is a native of Bethlehem, where he was 
 born in 1848, and is also a graduate of the Philadelphia 
 College of Pharmacy, and is distinguished as a Botanist, 
 especially so from his researches, and classification 
 of mosses, and has an extensive correspondence 
 throughout this country and Europe. He is the author 
 of a catalogue of mosses, a work highly endorsed and 
 used as a book of reference by Botanists, and is design- 
 ed to be a convenient check and exchange list, and a 
 basis of arrangement of Genera, etc. in Herbaria. All 
 the authentic species and varieties of mosses reported, 
 from Mexico to the Arctic regions are included in the 
 work, and their habitats given with as wide a range as 
 the examination of references and several good her- 
 liaria would permit. The work is classified and ar- 
 ranged in a convenient form and is invaluable to the 
 student, and has become a standard authority upoa 
 Crypt' igamic Botany. 
 
KESOUECES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 UNANGST & KRESSLER, 
 
 Druggists, No. 124 South Main Steeet, Opposite 
 Eagle Hotel. 
 
 One of the oldest as well as most important business 
 houses in Bethlehem is that now conducted by the 
 firm of Unangst & Krcssler, and was first established in 
 the year 1848 by Shime & Hillman. It then passed into 
 the hands of M. M. Selfridge, who was succeeded by 
 Selfridge & Co., and in 1873 by Unangst & Kressler. In 
 1878 Mr. Unangst the senior member of this firm, with- 
 drew, and was succeeded by his son, Eugene P. Unangst, 
 the name and style of the firm remaining as at present. 
 This house is one of the largest conducting this branch 
 of business in this section of the Lehigh Valley, and 
 controls a trade second to no other establishment in its 
 line of business in North Eastern Pennsylvania. Besides 
 the general line of goods coming under the head of 
 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries, a great amount of 
 Paints, Oils, Glass, etc., are handled, together with 
 garden seeds of all kinds, the production of the best 
 growers in the country. The important feature of the 
 business is the physicians and family prescription de- 
 partment, which is under the immediate supervision 
 of the firm, thus insuring reliability and accuracy. A 
 general stock of proprietory medicines of well known 
 reputation is also to be found on their shelves, and a 
 specialty is made of furnishing pure and unadulterated 
 Wines and Liquors formediciual uses. Messrs. Unangst 
 & Kressler's store is located in a large and imposing 
 building, the whole of which is occupied by them, hav- 
 ing a frontage of 20 feet and a depth of 54 feet and three 
 stories in height. The interior arrangements of the 
 store are such as to afford every facility for the prompt 
 transaction of all business, and is neatly and tastefully 
 fitted up in an elaborate style with ornamental coun- 
 ters and show cases. 
 
 Mr. Eugene P. Unangst, the senior member of the 
 firm, was born in Seipville, in 1857 and was brought up 
 to the business under the careful tuition of his partner. 
 He is a graduate of the Philadelphia College of Phar- 
 macy of the class of 1877, and besides looking after the 
 general business interests of the firm, gives special at- 
 tention to the prescription department. He is an enter- 
 prising business man, possessed of vim and ability, and 
 brings to bear upon the business sound judgment and 
 experience. 
 
 Mr. G. D. Kre.ssler is a native of Petersville. He is the 
 oldest member of the firm, and former partner of Mr. J, 
 J. Unangst, and has been connected with this house 
 for nine years. He is a thorough practical man, fully 
 conversant with the business in all its details. The 
 firm of Unangst & Kressler are liberal merchants and 
 citizens, and their establishment is one among the best 
 known throughout this section. 
 
 JOHN B. ZIMMELE, 
 
 Furniture Warerooms, No. 106 Main Street. 
 
 Among those who represent the furniture trade in 
 Bethlehem, and have become well known through their 
 honorable and straightforward manner of doing busi- 
 ness, is Mr. John B. Zimmele, who has been engaged in 
 this special line of trade since 1868. He occupies a 
 double front store at No. 106 Main street, which contains 
 a complete and well selected stock of Parlor, Chamber, 
 and Bed Room furniture in all the most fashionable 
 and desirable styles, upholstered in the highest style 
 of the art. He controls a very extensive trade, derived 
 from Bethlehem and the adjacent neighborhood. 
 
 Mr. Zimmele is a Philadelphian by birth, and during 
 his residence in Bethlehem of more than twenty-two 
 years, has made his establishment a favorite re sort Of 
 purchasers by his strict attention to business, an 1 the 
 fine character of stock. 
 
 HENRY S. SELLERS, 
 
 Carri.\ge Manufacturer, No. 78 Broad Street. 
 
 Among the many branches of manufacture carried on 
 throughout the Lehigh Valley, carriage building is one 
 of the most important, and the work turned out has 
 obtained a high reputation, as for instance that from 
 the establishment of Henry S. Sellers, at No. 78 Broad: 
 Street, who has been establised in this business since 
 1850 and during that time has given his whole attention, 
 to this class of manufacture. He employs 12 skilled 
 workmen in the different departments and makes to 
 order phaetons, both single and double, spring wagons 
 buggies, physician's carriages and two and three seated 
 carriages of all kinds, aud makes a specialty of sleighs, 
 cutters etc. The factory building is a substantial struc- 
 ture, having a depth of 00 feet with a width of 24 feet, 
 and provided with every facility for the successful 
 prosecution of the trade. 
 
 In the repository or show room will always be found 
 a stock of his well known make of carriages, road, 
 and driving wagons, which are put together in the best 
 manner and made from thoroughly seasoned material. 
 These vehicles are all stylish and fashionable, and fin- 
 ished in the highest style of the art. A special depart- 
 ment of the business is the repairing and repainting of 
 carriages, etc., which is all done under the immediate 
 supervision of Mr. Sellers, who in all cases guarantees 
 entire satisfaction. Mr. Sellers was born in Bucks 
 county in 1824, coming to Bethlehem in 1846 where he 
 learned his trade, and where he has since continously 
 resided. He is one of the progressive men of Bethle- 
 hem, and has always been closely identified with the 
 advancement aud prosperity of the borough. 
 
 He was at one time a director of the first National 
 Bank, of Bethlehem, as well a as member of the borough, 
 council, and has always promoted and assisted to 
 advance its interests. 
 
 J. H. HEMMERLY, 
 
 Upholsterer and Awning Maker, No. 5 Noetk 
 Main Steet. 
 The business conducted by Mr. J. H. IJemmerly is one 
 requiring skill, judgment, and a taste for the beautiful 
 and artistic. The business was established in 1877. He 
 makes a special business of fitting and laying carpets,^ 
 and upholstering fine parlor and chambersuits, lounges, 
 and spring and hair mattresses, and makes lambrequins 
 and furniture covers, hangs window shades, etc. He is 
 an expert in this business and enjoys a large patronage. 
 He is also engaged in making and putting up awnings, 
 which he does at the lowest prices commensurate with 
 good material and workmanship. Mr. Hemmerly is 
 favorably known to the citizens of Bethlehem, he being 
 a native of the place where he has passed most of his 
 life. As an artist in his business he takes high rank, as 
 is evidenced by his large patronage. 
 
 W. F. WIEDER, 
 
 I;EATIIER AND FINDINGS, NO. 130 BrOAD STREET. 
 
 An important branch of industry and one which 
 furnishes supplies to a large section of the surrounding 
 country, is that conducted by Mr. W. F. Wieder, dealer 
 in Leather and Findings. He is the only currier and 
 dresserof leather in Bethlehem, and carries on a large 
 business, extending to various sections of the the Val- 
 ley. The business was originally established 32 years 
 ago by Mr. H. Yost, who conducted it until 1871, when 
 Mr. Welder became his successor. A general line of 
 shoe findings, materials and upper harness leather is 
 kept in stock, and a number of workmen are constantly 
 engaged in dressing leather. 
 
 Mr. Welder is a native of Lehigh County, and has 
 been a resident of Bethlehem for many years, where he 
 is well known as an honorable and upright merchant. 
 
RESOriKES OF THE I.EHIGII VALLEY. 
 
 83 
 
 Ji.. P. BETGE, 
 
 Wholksale and Retail Confectioner and Ice 
 Ckeam Manufactuker, No. 52 Soutu Main 
 Street. 
 Mr. BetKesiuee he has been engaged in the Confec- 
 tionery and Ice Cream business has been very succes.s 
 fill, reeeivinga hirgeand lucrative patronage from an 
 api)reciative public, who speak in the higlie.st terms of 
 liis i)r<)ductioiis and of his uniform courtesy and oblige- 
 ingnumner. The business he now conducts was orig- 
 inally established in 1876 by Mr. Adam .Schada, and has 
 been under the proprietorship of Mr. Betge since 1878. 
 He has had many years experience in this branch of 
 business and was for a period of four years a member 
 of the firm of J. M. Fahs & Co. His store is always sup- 
 plied with a choice stock of tootlisome confectionery, 
 foreign and domestic fruits, nuts, etc. During the 
 sunmier season he makes a specialty of ice cream, 
 which is prejiared by him from pure cream, and served 
 to parties, weddings and private families. Mr. Betge is 
 a native of Betldehem, and his efforts to supply reliable 
 and fresh articles in his line of business has drawn to- 
 wards his store a good custom. He is enterprising and 
 possesses that push and vim which cannot fail in the 
 near future to greatly add to his already large and 
 growing business. 
 
 SMITH A CLEWELL, 
 
 Planing Mill, Canal Street. 
 
 In Bethlehem and vicinity an extensive lumber trade 
 is carried on, and a number of mills throughout the Le- 
 high Valley are engaged in getting out Building Ma- 
 terial, Sash, Doors, Blinds, etc. Prominent among those 
 so engaged is the tirra of Smith <& Clewell, who are 
 located on Canal street, at Bethlehem. This mill was 
 first put in operation in 18()1, by Transue & Buss, and in 
 1871 came into the control of the present firm. With the 
 exception of al>out four years since that time it has 
 been constantly running. The structure is a substantial 
 one. having dimensions of 65x105 feet, and is supplied 
 thi-oughout with all the ueces.sary machinery and ap- 
 pliances, driven by a 45 horse power engine, and an im- 
 mense quantity of planed boards, plank, sash, doors 
 and blinds are turned out annually, all of which are 
 disp< sed of in Betlilehem and the adjoining country. 
 
 Tl e productions of this mill are all of first-class qual- 
 ity, m ide from good material, and put together in the 
 most worknumlike manner. Mr. S. N. Smith is a native 
 of Xortuami)tou county, and Mr. Walter C. Clewell of 
 Lehigh county. These gentlemen, since they have 
 been engaged in this branch of business in Bethlehem, 
 have become popular, and much of their success is 
 owing to their liberal and straightforward method of 
 doing business. 
 
 EDW. STEERS, 
 
 Betiilehe.m Fancy Dying and CLEANiNfi Estab- 
 lishment, Okfice, No. 11 North Main Street. 
 The Bethlehem Fancy Dying and Cleaning establish- 
 Tiieiit was opened for business in 1873 by the firm of 
 ■^teers & Nephew, and continued by them until 1876, 
 wlieu Mr. Steers became tho sole proprietor, and carries 
 on a large and extensive Inisiness which is derived 
 from various parts of the Lehigh Valley. The works 
 are located on >b>nocacy fiats, and consist of a large 
 frame building, provided with all tlie facilities for thor- 
 oughly and perfectly conducting tlie business, includ- 
 ing a steam engine and two boilers, and steam cylin- 
 ders, one of new and improved construction used for 
 linishing piece goods. This machine is the only one of 
 the kind in the Valley, and also an "improved centrif- 
 
 ugal, hydro extraction or wizard," which ts also the 
 only one of the kind to be found in the Valley. All 
 kinds of work is done here, such as dying of piece 
 goods, clothing and renovating and cleaning dresses, 
 anil wearing apparial of both ladies and gentlemen, 
 in which branch of the business a large patronage is 
 acconnnodated, and the work perfectly done. A spe- 
 cialty is made of feathers and kid gloves which are 
 cleaned or dyed iu any desired shade or color. Mr. 
 Edward Steers, who has been a resident of Bethlehem 
 for some years, is a native of t:>taten Island, New York. 
 He is a perfect master of the art, and conversant witb- 
 the trade In all its minutest details. 
 
 L. F. GIERING, 
 
 Watchmaker and Jeweler, No. 4 SotJTH Main 
 
 Street. 
 Without exception this is the largest establishment 
 engaged in this special branch of business iu Bethle- 
 hem. Mr. L. F. Giering, the proprietor, hegan this busi- 
 ness on his own account at the present location in 1872, 
 and occupies a fine building, having dimensions of 18x 
 55 feet, of which he u.ses two floors, the first as a gen- 
 eral sale and display room, and the second tloor for 
 manufacturing and repairing purposes. The store is 
 neatly and handsomely arranged, and complete in all 
 its appointments, in which he has a full as.sortmcnt of 
 Watches, Clocks, Jewelry and Silver and plated ware. 
 He is the special agent for the Rockford Watch Com- 
 pany, in this section — a watch made expressly for rail- 
 road use. He also is a large dealer in watchmaker's 
 materials, supplies, and tools of both American and 
 European manufacture, and supplies the demand of a 
 large trade in this seclion of Pennsylvania. Mr. Giering 
 is a thorough, practical man, having been brought up 
 to this business from early youth, and comes from a 
 family who have for three generations been engaged 
 in the same occupation. His father and grandfather 
 are both living, and conduct the same business, the 
 former at Nazareth and the latter at Emaus, Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Mr. Giering was born in Lehigh county in 1850, and 
 although quite a young man. is a thorough master of 
 his trade. He was for two years engaged in this same 
 business in Catasauqua, previous to his coming to Bethle- 
 hem, where he has established a large trade. He has 
 gained many friends by his uniform courtesy and hon- 
 orable dealings. His establishment is an ornament to 
 the town. 
 
 P. S. BACHMAN & CO., 
 
 Grain Merchants, Office No. 58 Soi'th Main 
 Street, Bethlehem. 
 
 Among the prominent enterprises located in Beth- 
 lehem is that of the firm of P. S. Bachman Ot Co., who 
 make this point the main oflice of their extensive grain 
 business. The firm was organized in 1880, and do a gen- 
 eral business iu the buying and shipping of Western 
 grain. They command a large capital, ami handle a 
 vast quantity of grain, shipping all wheat direct East 
 by rail, where they have a number of parties who look 
 to them for their supply. 
 
 The firm is composed of the following gentlemen : P. 
 .S. Bachman, of Freemansburg; Ex-Congres.sman B. K. 
 Bachman, and George W. Bachman, of Durham, Bucks 
 county, and Clyde Miller, >if Freeman -ibing. .\11 of 
 them are representative business men. and are widely 
 known as prompt and reliable dealers. In the West 
 the firm has a standing and reputation that makes 
 their business transactions of the most satisfactry na- 
 ture, and that places them upon a level with the lead- 
 ing men iu the trade. 
 
84 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEin<iH VALT>EY, 
 
 J. J. T-AriC. Agt., 1 
 
 Oaiv Hali- Ci.oTHiNfi House, No. 140 Main 
 
 St1!KET. 
 
 The profession of the Merchant Tailor is one requir- 
 ing a iieculiar skill and fitness, not easily acquired. The 
 successful cutter must combine a correct taste with an 
 accurate knowledge of the human form. Without 
 these no one can succeed in making becoming and sty- 
 lisli garments. These essentials are liappily possessed 
 by Mr. J. J. Lack, the well known merchant tailor at 
 No. UO Main street, who has since 1878 represented the 
 \videly known establishment of Wanamaker & BrOwn, 
 and has during that period conducted the branch of 
 tlieir establishment in Bethlehem, thus giving to the 
 ))eopk' of this vicinity all the advantages of the Phila- 
 deli>hia house, in price, variety and styles, and saving 
 them the expense of a personal visit to the city. He 
 carries constantly in stock a full and complete line of 
 piece goods, samples and ready-made stock, and can 
 either make to order, or furnish ready-made, anything 
 wliich can be obtained at the main establishment. 
 This convenience is highly appreciated by those who 
 have had dealings with the house, and his already 
 large trade is steadily increasing. Mr. Lack employs 
 twenty skilled assistants,superiutending all branches of 
 liis business in person, and the garments turned out by 
 him are perfect in style, fit and finish. Anything in 
 gentlemen's clothing, from the finest dress suit to com- 
 mon goods for every day wear can always be found 
 here. The store is neat and attractive, having a front 
 of 20 feet with a depth of 80, and is provided with two 
 show windows for the display of stock. 
 
 Mr. Lack is a native of Germany, coming to this 
 country in 1842, and to Bethlehem in 1871. He is 
 a practical cutter of thirty years experience, and has 
 established the reputation of being one of the best tailors 
 in Bethlehem. 
 
 JOHN J. WITMER, 
 
 Millinery and Fancy Goods, No. 120 South 
 
 Main Street. 
 One of the most interesting as well as attractive stores, 
 especially to the ladies, is the millinery establislimeut 
 of John J. Witmer, at No. 120 South Main Street. Mr. 
 Witmer has long been identified with this line of busi- 
 ness, being for a number of years engaged in it in Phil- 
 adelphia. He removed to Bethlehem in 1881 and con- 
 ducts one of the most favorite resorts of the ladies in the 
 borough. At all times at his store will be found every 
 thing desired in the millinery goods line. He also deals 
 extensively in hair goods. Several employees are 
 always engaged in the establishment, and a fine and 
 lucrative patronage is enjoyed. Mr. Witmer is a Phila- 
 delphian by birth and since his residence in Bethlehem 
 has made many friends, by his promptness and atten- 
 tion to the wants of his patrons. His establishment is 
 by far the largest and most complete of any of the kind 
 in town, and is rapidly extending its trade among the 
 better class of citizens. 
 
 L. F. WALTER, 
 
 Boston 99c. Store, No. 57 and 59 Main Street. 
 One of the most interesting among the many neat and 
 attractive stores to be found on South Main St, in Beth- 
 lehem,is that known as the "Boston 99e. store," of which 
 Mr. L. F. Walter is the proprietor. The feature of this 
 business which composes almost everything required 
 for use or ornament is the price at which these goods 
 are sold, ninety -nine cents, which has drawn to it not 
 only the citizens of Bethlehem, but also a large trade 
 from all parts of the surrounding country. To enumer- 
 ate the thousand and one articles displayed on the 
 counters would be almost an impossibility, as they con- 
 
 sist of tilings of almost every conceivable use. SufB- 
 cient to say tliat pictures, picture frames, traveling bags, 
 children's carriages, mottoes and frames, ornaments iu 
 glass, china, and paper hiache, toys, games, baskets,, 
 chairs, etc, may always be found liere in such variety as 
 to please the most fa--lidious, Mr. L. F. Walter was for 
 five years engaged in liusiuess iu Allentown previous to- 
 coming to Betlilehein in 1879, at which time he establish- 
 ed this favorite resort. In 1880 he built his present store, 
 which he has fitted up in the most tasteful manner for 
 the display of his stock of really elagcut and rechtrche 
 goods. Tliat his enterjjrise has been successful is amply 
 attested by the fact of his large patronage and the pop- 
 ularity of his goods and price. 
 
 E. H. LUCKENBACH, 
 
 Druggist AND Apothecary, No. 5 Broad Street. 
 A well conducted establishment for the sale of rnedi- 
 ciens and the compounding of physicians and family 
 prescriptions, such as that of Mr. E. H. Luckenbach, is 
 invaluable to a community Mr. Luckenbach has beea 
 engaged in this special branch of business in Betlile- 
 hem since 1871, and has won the confidence and esteem 
 of the citizens by his uniform courtesy and strict atten- 
 tion to their wants. He has in his store a carefully 
 selected stock of pure and fresh drugs, and also proprie- 
 tory medicines of standard reputation, and an elegent. 
 assortment of toilet requisites and perfumery, besides 
 carrying a heavy stock of paints, oils, glass, etc. The 
 neat and attractive store occupied has a depth of 50 feel, 
 with a width of 20 feet, in the rear of which are two ware- 
 houses for the storage of heavy commodities. He em- 
 ploys several competent assistants in his business, and 
 enjoys a large and liberal patronage. Mr. Luckenbach 
 is a regular graduate of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy, and gives his special attention to the com- 
 pounding of prescriptions. As a thorough and skilled, 
 ed p'.iarm leist he is liig^ily spiken of by the medical 
 fraternity, who rely upon his care and skill in this im- 
 portant and delicate branch of medicine. He was 
 born in Bethlehem in 1849, and although a young man 
 is an expert in his profession. lie is a reliable and 
 conscientious merchant and citizen. 
 
 A. K. SWARTZ, 
 
 Boots, Shoes, Trunks, etc., 113 South Main 
 
 Street. 
 A representative house in Bethlehem in the boot and. 
 shoe trade is that of Mr. A. K. Swartz, who established 
 the business originally in 1870 at No. 76 South Main 
 Street, removing to his present location in 1881, where 
 with every facility and greater convenences he is con- 
 ducting a large and steadily growing business. The 
 store has a depth of 45 feet with a frontage of 15 feet, 
 and is admirably arranged for the accommodation ofv 
 patrons, who can at all times rely on finding a full and 
 complete line of boots and shoes for ladies, misses and 
 and gentlemen's wear, carefully selected from the choice 
 stocks of the best manufactu.ers, together with a line 
 of trunks, valises, and traveling satchels in great vari- 
 ety and styles. Mr. Swartz is a native of Allen town- 
 ship, Northampton county, but has been a resident of 
 Bethlehem for many years where he is well known, 
 and has by close attention to business and always evin- 
 cing a desire to please his patrons made himself popu- 
 lar with a large class ot citizen-;. Besides his neat and 
 attractive store in Bethlehem, he conducts the same 
 lime of business at Catasauqua, at which place choice 
 goods may be found. The general appearance of his 
 store and the stock of goods contained in it, is seconded 
 to no otlier similar e.-i.iUlishuient in the State, and is a. 
 credit and an ornament to the town. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE EEHKill VAT.TJCY. 
 
 85 
 
 H. B. EGGEKT, 
 
 Photookai'her, No. 1-12 South Main Str ekt. 
 
 The popular photugraplu'i' of Betlilcliem is Mr. 11. IJ. 
 Hggert, who occupies the galleries that were loruierly 
 fouduoted by J. S. Keituieyor. As a photographic arti.st 
 Mr. Eggert has achieved a high reputation in this vicin- 
 ity, his pictures always showing a graceful and easy pose, 
 a lidelity to nature and a eonipletness of finish not 
 always obtainaiile by those who are not perfect master 
 of the photographic art. Heexecutes all kinds of work, 
 from the dignified imperial cabinet picture, to the carte, 
 visile and all his ellorts.show that some care and in,'rfect 
 linish for which he has become celebrated. In the re- 
 ception parlor are displayed many fine specimens of his 
 artistic skill, which arc greatly admired, and which 
 have attracted to his gallery a large patronage from all 
 sections of the surrounding country. Mr. Eggart has b.!en 
 engaged iu the photographic b\isiucss for some time, 
 and since be has been engaged on his own account 
 iu Bethlehem has been very .successful. He is fiom 
 Philadelphia, but has resided in Bethlehem for up- 
 wards of twelve years. 
 
 He has issued a neat pamphlet contajuijig many 
 hints about the photographic art which should be iu 
 the hands of eyery one. It can be had gratis on appli- 
 tion. 
 
 J. M. KAHS, 
 
 WHOLES-iLE AND KETAIL DEALER IN CONFEC- 
 TIONERY, Canned Goods, Ei.sh, Oysters, etc.. No. 
 ■1 Broad Street. 
 This is one of the establishments where the citizens 
 of Bethlehem and the surrounding country obtain their 
 supplies ot those delicacies so much sought after by the 
 careful housewife. It is conducted by Mr. J. M. Fahs, 
 who, in connection with his brother, Mr. II. Fahs, estab- 
 lished the bu.siuess about tifteen years ago. It was 
 afterward carried on under the name of J. M. Fahs & 
 Co., and in lS7f< he become the sole proprietor. A 
 general stock of Canned Fruits, Fish, Oysters, Vege- 
 tables, etc., is always to be found here, also a full line 
 of i'audies and Confectionery. The trade is both whole- 
 sale and retail, and extends throughout the Lehigh 
 Valley, where a large annual business is carried on. 
 
 Mr. J. M. Fahs is a native of Maryland, but has for 
 n. iny years been a resident of Bethlehem, where he 
 has become popular as a caterer to the wants of the 
 citizens in a great variety of choice and excellent arti- 
 cles for table use. He is a prompt business man and 
 careful of his customers wants. 
 
 BKUNNEK & SIEGFRIED, 
 
 Machinists, No. 1-t') -South Main Strf.kt. 
 Messrs. Brunner & Siegfried, the practical machinists 
 of No. 14.') South Main Street, below the Eagle Hotel, 
 conduct a large general business in the manufacture of 
 models and e.xperimeiUal machinery which they make 
 to order. The business was originully established in 
 1.S77 by Mr. E. H. Brunner, and in is.su he associated with 
 liim Mr. T. F. Siegfried. Their sixjcial branch of busi- 
 ness is one requiring skill and a thorough nuistery of 
 machinery, and there is no one more fully caimhle of 
 performing any and all kinds of this work than the 
 members of this firm. Being practical nuichinists they 
 also give special attention to the repairing of Steam 
 Engines and Boilers, Printing Presses and Machinery, 
 and tools of all kinds and descriptions, and make a 
 specialty of ailjusting and rei>airing Sewing Machines. 
 Messrs. Brunner it Siegfried are rated among the most 
 skillful mechanics in this part of Pennsylvania, a fact 
 at once demonstrated by the constant demands made 
 upon their services. They are boili enterprising and 
 ingenious, and lyc highly sjxiken ol liy ilic c. immunity. 
 
 BUHHEK it .MIKSCH, 
 
 l.L'.MiiKR AND <;oAt, Canal Street, "Wesi of 
 Main. 
 
 Messrs. Borhek ifc Miksch are the owners and pro- 
 prietors of the only lumber yard in Bethlehem. The 
 business was first began by Weiss & Rice, in 1832, who 
 Were succeeded by Henry G. Guetter in 1835, they by 
 Borliek tt Knauss in 18-18, whoin turn were succeeded by 
 Borhek, Knanss & Miksch in 1860. In 1879 Mr. Knauss 
 retired from active bu.siness, and the concern has con- 
 tinued to be conducted by the present firm. The yards 
 cover two acres of ground, on which is erected a large 
 building for storing lumber, and is well supplied with 
 shedding for coal. It is situated directly on the Lehigh 
 and Susiiuehanua Division of the New Jersey Central 
 railroad and well furnished with sidings for the recejii- 
 tion and sliiiiment of freight. An extensive husiness 
 in lumber and coal is carried on by the firm, and a large 
 trade from the adjacent country is supplied by them. 
 The stock of lumber comprises all the various grades of 
 oak, pine and hemlock, shingles, lathes, etc., and care- 
 fully selected and thoroughly screened coal for family 
 and maiuifaeturiug purposes. About 1,000,000 feet of 
 lumber, and many hundred tons of coal are handled 
 annually. Mr. A. C. Borhek is a native of Bethlehem, 
 and is a well-known enterprising and useful citizen. 
 Mr. L. A. Miksch is a native of Nazareth, where he was 
 born in 1820, and has resided in Bethlehem about thirty 
 years. 
 
 The firm of Borhek & Miksch since they have con- 
 ducted this business, have always enjoyed a lucrative 
 and steady trade, and their enterpri.se is looked upon as 
 one of the prominent representatives of this branch of 
 business in this section of Pennsylvania. 
 
 F. G. DBGELOW. 
 
 Carver and Turner in Ivory and Wood and 
 Dealer in Fancy Goods, No. 31 North Main 
 Street. 
 In Mr. Degelow's store will be found a great variety 
 of fancy and useful articles, turned and carved in many 
 graceful and grotesque shapes, which are unique and 
 beautiful, and comprise all kinds of ornaments in ivory 
 and wood, walking canes, meerschaum and wood pipes 
 etc. He also has a large stock of toys, and keeps a full 
 line of fishing tackle. Mr. Degelow is a practical and 
 skillful turner and carver as is evidenced by the many 
 beautiful specimens of his handiwork to be found in 
 filestore. He is a native of Germany, and has resided 
 in this country for twenty-five years, three of which was 
 spent in New York city and twenty-two in Bethlehem 
 He enjoys a large and lucrative patronage and his work 
 is highly spoken of by all classes of the community. 
 
 F. R. BORHEK, 
 
 Boots and Shoes, No. 131 Main Street. 
 This is probably one of the oldest business houses in 
 Bethlehem engaged in the boot ami shoe trade. It was 
 started in 1848 by the present proprietor, who has for 
 upwards of thirty -one years been located at No. 134 
 South Main street catering to the wants of a large claims 
 of customers. The store has a double front and is 18x30 
 i feet in size with an adjoining room 12x30 feet dimen- 
 sions, each of which are devoted exclusively to this 
 branch of trade. A large and full .stock comprising a 
 general assortment of boots and shoes for men, wo- 
 men, misses and children, is always carried and a large 
 trade is conducted. By reason of his being so long es- 
 tablished in the same place, Mr. Borhek has become 
 one of the best known men and his business place one 
 of the most popular in the borough of Bethlehem. He 
 is a native of Bethlehem and one of her oldest citizens, 
 having been born in 1822. He is a careful business 
 man, upright and conscientious. 
 
RESOURrKS OF Tllli; LKIIKni VAI.I.T'Y. 
 
 B. K. LEHMAN', 
 
 LiiiiKiii Valley Bkass Works. 
 This business, the largest in its special line of pro- 
 duction iu this section of tlie State, was established in 
 ISS'i by Ernst Leliman, and continued by him until 
 IST)", when the present proprietor assumed control. In 
 l.%3he erected the preseut substantial buildings located 
 iu South Bethlehem, near the depot, where he manu- 
 factures a general line of Brass Work for Steam, Water 
 and Gas purposes, such as Brass Cocks, Globe Valves, 
 Whistles, <;augc Cocks, Oil Cups, Brass and Compositiuu, 
 Castings, Babbit and Anti-Friction Metals, etc. The 
 character of the work is up to a high standard of excel- 
 lence, and has made for the liouse a permanent trade 
 throughout the coal and iron regions of Pennsylvania, 
 New Jersey and adjoining States. Facilities of an 
 exceptional order are enjoyed, and in addition to the 
 work already stated, the works produce several special- 
 ties of merit and value, among them being Ross' Patent 
 Gate Valves, Patent Oil Cups and Gauge Cocks, and 
 Lehman's Patent Hydrants. The number of men em- 
 ployed is from twenty-live to tliirty, and seven melting 
 furnaces are in constant use. They utilize from 10,000 
 to r2,0iX) pounds of metal weekly, exclusive of iron 
 castings used for valves and cocks. Car Brasses are 
 also largely manufactured. In addition to this enter- 
 prise, Mr. Lehman is Vice President of the Lehigh Car 
 Company, and is very active iu its management. 
 .Several others claim his attention, among them being 
 the South Bethlehem Gas and Water Works. He is a 
 gentleman thoroughly alive to the interest of this sec- 
 tion of the State, the works and enterprises with which 
 he is connected, distinguishing him as a thoroughly ac- 
 tive earnest man of business. 
 
 CHAS. F. BROWX. 
 
 LujrBKH, Broadhead Avenue, Corner Third 
 
 Street. 
 A prominent house engaged in this trade is that of 
 Mr. Chas. F. Brown, who has been prominently identi- 
 fied with it since 1871, and who occupies a large yard, 
 having dimenlionsof 10i).xl.'i() feet, in which he carries a 
 stock of ■J2.'),iJiX) feet of well .seasoned oak, pine, and 
 hemlock, planks, boards, joist, and pickets, most of 
 which is under .shedding, specially erected for the pur- 
 pose. He conducts a flourishing trade, reaching up- 
 wards of 1.000,000 feet per annum. Jlr. Chas. F. Brown 
 is a native of the State of New York, and since his resi- 
 dence here has becanre popular with the trade and is 
 regarded as a reliable, straight-forward business man. 
 
 HENRY BEAHM, 
 
 Fashionable Boots and Shoes, Sun Building. 
 Among the new additions to the mercantile commun- 
 ity of Bethlehem is the boot and shoe house of Mr- 
 Henry Beahm, vvhicli he opened iu April 1881. Mr. 
 Beahm is a native of Bethlehem, but has pa.ssed most 
 of his life in mercantile purs\iits in Philadelphia, with 
 the exception of about ten years, when he was engaged 
 in business in his native borough. He brings to bear 
 upon the business which he is now conducting a 
 thorough practical training and an ability of the high- 
 est order. He begun this line of trade under the most 
 favorable auspices and is gratilied at the substantial pa- 
 tronage he has drawn towards him. This he has obtain- 
 ed by close attention to the wants of his patrons and 
 keeping a full and well seclected stock of the most 
 fashionable boots and shoes, for men's, women's and 
 misses and children's wear, from the leading pro- 
 ducers in the large cities. These goods are all of the best 
 material and workmanship, neat and comfortable and 
 well titling. Mr. Beahm's siiociaUy is making fine 
 boots and shoes to order, wliich he turns out iu the l)est 
 style, always guaranteeing ease and confort to the 
 wearer. In this department four hands are constantly 
 employed and a largo custom is enjoyed. 
 
 LUCV FL'RNACK CO., 
 
 Glesdo.n, Nokthampton CoiNTY. Office, Betii- 
 
 LEHE.M. 
 
 Referring to the well-known Lucy Furnace, its pop- 
 uhirity justly entitles it to a prominent position among 
 the resources of the Lehigh Valley. In 1870 this fur^ 
 nacc was erected by Fulmer, Uhler & Co., who, after 
 ten years of proprietorship, were succeeded by the pres- 
 ent firm. The works consist of one stack sixty feet high, 
 and fourteen feet bosh, with cast house of brick, engine 
 house of same material, and stock hou.se of frame. The 
 capacity of the furnace is 8,000 tons per annum, em- 
 ploying thirty hands, and using an engine of thirty-two 
 inch cylinder. The ground includes about eighteen 
 acres, upon which are located a row of ten houses for 
 workmen. The pig iron is shipped to no particular point, 
 but wherever the demand of the trade finds for it a 
 market. The furnace is located in the upper end of 
 Glendon Borough, upon a strip of land lying between 
 the Lehigh canal and river, and is convenient for ship- 
 ment of iron, or the receipt of coal and ore. 
 
 The Lucy Furnace Company is composed of Mr. E. P. 
 Wilbur, the well-known banker of Bethlehem; Mr. G. 
 B. Linderman, president of the Lehigh Valley National 
 Bank, of Bethlehem, and well-known throughout the 
 Valley, and Judge Greene.of Easton, oueof the Justices 
 of the Supreme Court of the .'^tate. 
 
 The furnace is in charge of Mr. W. A. Wilbur, as super - 
 intendent, a young gentleman of enterprise and busi- 
 ness sagacity. The Lucy Furnace has a reputation 
 throughout the Eastern States for excellent No. 1 foun- 
 dry iron, but of a hard grade used in castings where 
 great strength is desirable. 
 
 MATHIAS UHL, 
 
 LA(iER BeerBrewer, Corner Union andJMonoc- 
 
 ACY Streets. 
 The brewing of lager beer has become one of the 
 greatest industries in the United States, and is con- 
 ducted generally by men of large capital, enterprise 
 and industry. The brewery of Mr. Mathias Uhl, who 
 iias for the past sixteen years occupied the premise.^ 
 and conducted the business that was originally estab- 
 lished by Mr. Schilling, is a stone structure, and has all 
 the modern appliances and machinery used iu the busi- 
 ness, and a large quantity is produced annually which 
 is sold to the local trade of Bethlehem, and sent tn dif- 
 ferent parts of the Lehigh Valley, where it has a high 
 reputation lor its purity and general excellence as a 
 mild tonic and agreeable and healthful beverage. Mr. 
 Uhl since he has been engaged in this business has be- 
 come popular with a large class of the community, and 
 his production takes rank with any beer brewed in this 
 section of the State. 
 
 J. DSNVDER, 
 
 Dry (Joods, and House-Furnishing Good.*, 
 
 Broad Corner New Street. 
 One of the prominent business men in Bethlehem i^ 
 Mr. J. D. Snyder, who has fur years been promptly iden- 
 tified with mercantile interests of the borough. He 
 was born in the vicinity of Bethlehem, at Scheoners- 
 ville, and was for a time engaged in the boot and shoe 
 trade. The house of which he is now the proi>rietor, was 
 established many years ago, and i)revious to it coming 
 iuto his hands was conducted by Messrs M. H. & J. 1). 
 Snyder. The stock comprises a full line of dry goods, 
 groceries and hou.se-furnishing goods in great variety, 
 carefully selected, which are displayed in a fine large 
 store, and neatly and tastefully arranged for examina- 
 tion. Since Mr. J. D. Snyder has been engaged in this 
 line of trade, his sales have been largely augmented by 
 the addition of many new patrous, wliich he has drawn 
 to him by his uniform courtesy, and endeavors to ples-se. 
 He is recognized as one of the popular business men of 
 Bethlehem. 
 
THE LEHIGH YULLEY RSILROID. 
 
 THE GREAT FACTOR IN THE PROSPERITY OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY A WELL 
 
 MANAGED COMPANY THE PICTURESQUE ROUTE TO THE WEST SU- 
 PERIOR EQUIPMENTS AND STONE-BALLASTED ROAD-BED. 
 
 The Lehigh Valley Railroad traverses one of 
 the richest and most picturesque regions of the 
 United States. It was originated and projected 
 by the lato Asa Packer, who was president of the 
 corporation for many years, and always a highly 
 influential and valued member of its manage- 
 ment up to the hour of his death. This import- 
 ant railroad was originally incorporated under 
 the name of the Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill 
 and Susquehanna Railroad Company, by the act 
 of Assembly, passed April 21, 184t>. 
 
 The commissioners named in the Act of In- 
 corporation advertised for subscriptions of 
 stock on the 2nd of June, 1846, and adjourned 
 the opening of the books from day to day, and 
 from time to time, for at least twenty times, and 
 it was not until the 2nd day of August, 1847, that 
 a sufticent amount of stock could be secured. 
 On that day they had 5,002 shares of stock sub- 
 scribed, and $5 on each share of stock, amount- 
 ing to $25,010 paid in. October 21, 1847, the 
 following officers were elected ; President, James 
 M. Porter; ^Managers, Dudley S. Gregory, Jolin 
 S. Dorsey, John P. Jackson, Daniel IMcIntyre, 
 Edward R. Biddle and John N. Hutchinson; 
 Treasurer. John N. Hutchinson. 
 
 The tir.->t aurvey of the road was made during 
 the months of Octi>bcr, November and December, 
 1850, from the mouth of the Moluming creek to 
 Easton. After several unsuccessful attempts at 
 constructing the road, the late Asa Packer be- 
 came the purchaser of a large amount of the 
 stock which had been subscribed, and com- 
 menced efforts to gel additional stock subscribed 
 and the road constructed. September 13, 1852, 
 Roljert H. Say re, was appointed chief engineer, 
 and on tlie 27th of November, 1852, Judge 
 Packer submitted a proposition for constructing 
 the railroad from opposite Mauch Chunk, wliere 
 it would intersect the Beaver Meadow Railroad, 
 
 to the river Delawai-e at Easton, where it would 
 intersect the New Jei-sey Central and the Belvi- 
 dere Delaware Railroads, for a consideration, to 
 be paid in stock and bonds of the Company, 
 which was accepted by the stockholders, at a 
 meeting in which all the stockholders, rei^resent- 
 ing 5,150 shares of stock, were present. January 
 7, 1853, the name of the Comjiany was changed 
 by act of Assembly to that of tlie Lehigh Valley 
 Railroad Company. Although the formal con- 
 tract with Judge Packer for the construction of 
 the road was not signed until 12th of Febuary, 
 1853, yet he began the work immediately after 
 the acceptance of this offer, on the 27th of No- 
 vember, 1852, by commencing the deep rock cut 
 at Easton. 
 
 September 24, 1855, the contractor, Judge Pack- 
 er, delivered the road to the company and it 
 was accepted. Judge Packer in the construction 
 of the road encountered great difficulties and 
 embarrassment, from the rise in the price of 
 provisions and necessaries of hands, the sickli- 
 ness of some of the seasons, the failures of sub- 
 contractors and the necessary re-letting the work 
 at advanced prices, and the difficulty in raising 
 money upon and disposing the bonds of the 
 company, from the stringency of the money 
 market; but with an energy and perseverance 
 seldom met with, he worked through it all. 
 
 In October, 1855, the road was opened from 
 Easton and Mauch Chunk, and the following 
 year the company's office was removed to Phil- 
 adelphia, where its principal business has since 
 been transacted. 
 
 The following year, 1857, witnessed the com- 
 pletion of the North Penn road at Bethlehem, 
 which gave the Lehigh an outlet to Philadel- 
 phia. The same year the Cattisauqua and Fogels- 
 ville railroad was finished, and two years later 
 the East Pennsylvania was put in operation be- 
 
88 
 
 EESOUECES OF THE LEIIIOII VALLEY. 
 
 tween Allentown and Harrisburg. In ixGU tlic 
 extensive shops of the conipany were built at 
 South Easton, and in 1864 the Beaver Meadow 
 and the Penn Haven and White Haven Railroads 
 were merged with the Lehigh Valley, and in 186."i 
 the Wilkesbarre extension was projected ami 
 opened two years later. The Lehigh and Mahoii- 
 ey road was absorbed in 1866, and the North 
 Blanch Canal between Wilkesbarre and the New- 
 York State line, a distance of 105 miles, was pur- 
 chased with the privilege of laying a track. The 
 year 1868 brought the absorption of the Hazlc- 
 \ ton and the Lehigh and Luzerne roads; 1869 tlie 
 opening of the Pennsylvania and New Y'ork Ca- 
 nal and Railroad Company to Waverly, N. Y. 
 
 In 1870 a third rail was laid on the Erie Rail- 
 way, enabling the trains of the Lehigh Valley 
 road to run through to Elmira, N. Y., and trains 
 were also run to Auburn, connecting with the 
 New York Central, via. the Southern Central. 
 The Lehigh in 1871 purchased the property of 
 the Morris Canal and Banking Company, giving 
 them extensive water facilities from Phillips- 
 burg to Jersey City, and in 1872 the New Jersey 
 legislature granted a charter for the construction 
 of the Bound Brook and Easton Railroad, which 
 Avas subsequently changed by consolidation with 
 the Perth Amboy and Bound Brook Railroad 
 to Easton and Amboy Railroad. The Lehigh 
 Valley also operate the Pennsylvania and New 
 York; Geneva, Ithaca and Sayre, and the Buflfahi 
 Creek Railroads, in New York. 
 
 It will thus be seen that the growth of the Le- 
 high Valley has been steady and at every addi- 
 tion extending itself over territories that proved 
 of profit to its business, which clearly indicates 
 with what wisdom and foresight it has been 
 managed. 
 
 The twenty-sixth annual report of the compa- 
 ny shows a carriage during 1880 of the following 
 freight, in tons of 2,000 pounds : Anthracite coal, 
 5,093,098; bituminous coal, 66,310; petroleum 
 and other oils, 238,951 ; pig iron, 335,096; railroad 
 iron, 99,232; iron and other ores, 707,052 ; stone 
 and lime, 107,286; live stock, 29,035; lumber, 
 120,140; others articles, 1,391,919. During, the 
 same time the road carried 1,277,428 passengers. 
 The total receipts for the year from the trans- 
 portation of coal, freight, passengers, express and 
 mail, amounted to $8,600,938.18, and the expenses 
 were $4,01)2,357.60, leaving net earnings to the 
 amount of $4,-598,580.58. This report includes all 
 the roads operated by the Lehigh Valley Road. 
 
 The coal is mined in the districts of Wyoming, 
 Hazleton, Upper Lehigh, Beaver Meadow, Ma- 
 honey, Mauch Chvmk and Port Republic. A 
 third of it being carried over the New Jersey 
 Division. 
 
 Tlie equipment comprises 255 engines of all 
 classes, about 125 passenger, baggage and express 
 and 27,574 coal and other cars, not including a 
 uumber of gravel, wreck and tool cars. There 
 
 ire 714i miles of track, including branches, side 
 racks, etc.; of this, 411.Vmiles aresteel rails. The- 
 ■quipment of the Pa. and N. Y. Canal and R. R. 
 i 'ompanies (report of 1879) comprises 50 locomo- 
 ives, 1,680 cars of all kinds, and 222 miles of rail , 
 line-half of it being steel. 
 
 The construction and repair shops of the main 
 line are located at Packerton and Easton, and are- 
 very extensive and complete, substantially built 
 and give constant employment to about eight 
 hundred men. The .station at Packerton is also 
 the headquarters for the weighing and shipment 
 of coal. At Sayre, upon the other line, the com- 
 pany have recently erected a new brick building, 
 62x112 feet, which will be followed by others, 
 wherein the general repairs of locomotive and cars 
 will be done. The road is of the uniform guage 
 of four feet, eight and a half inches, and the rails 
 are in weight, fifty-eight and sixty -six pounds. 
 On the road there are 61 bridges, of which, 23 are- 
 wood, 5 stone, 29 iron, and 4 wood trestles. The 
 railroad continues on the south side of the Lehigh, 
 river until Packerton is reached, w'hen it takes 
 the opposite side and after that it crosses tlie- 
 river several times. On the main road there are 
 69 stations, and on the branches, 40, there are also 
 5 on leased roads. In the various departments 
 there are regularly employed, including officials, 
 3,S00. 
 
 The Lehigh Valley Railroad Comjiany own ex- 
 tensive coal fields, frem which are mined millions- 
 of tons annually. They also own and operate 
 ah >ut five huuJred raile^ of telegraph lines. 
 
 The passenger trains of this road are composed^ 
 of first-class, well equipped cars, supplied with 
 the Westinghouse automatic air brake, and all 
 other modern conveniences for the safety and 
 c jmfort of those who patronize the road. On all 
 through trains are run the Pulman parlor and 
 sleeping coaches. 
 
 A noticeable feature of the Lehigh Valley Rail- 
 road corporation is an organized relief fund for 
 the benefit of employees who are injured wliile 
 discharging their duties; the fund being main- 
 tained by the voluntary contributions of the em- 
 ployees, to which the Companys add a simular 
 amount. Its benefits are also available by the 
 employees of the Pa., and N. Y. Canal and R. R. 
 Co., and of the Geneva, Ithaca & Sayre R. R. Co^ 
 This plan, together with the generous provisions 
 of Hon. Asa Packer in his will, for the relief of 
 the sick and disabled employees of the L. V. R. 
 R. serves to identify them with the interest of 
 the company and acts as a constant stimulus to> 
 faithful and zealous service. 
 
 The officers of the Lehigh Valley Company, 
 are as follows; President, Charles Hartshone, of 
 Pliiladelphia; Vice President, Harry E. Packer, 
 of Mauch Chunk; Treasurer, Lloyd Chamber- 
 lain, of I'hiladelpliia; Secretary, Jolin R. Fan- 
 sliawe, of Philadelphia; General Superintendent 
 and Chief Engineer, Robert H. Sayre, of Beth- 
 
RESOURCES OF THE EEIIIGH VAT.LEY. 
 
 89 
 
 Icliem; Assistant General SuperiiifeiKleut, II. 
 Stanley Goodwill, of Beth lohcm; Coal Branolies 
 Division Superintendent, James I. Blakslee, of 
 Mauch Chunk; Superintendent New Jersey Di- 
 vision, H. E. Packer, of Mauch Ciiunk; Superin- 
 tendent Beaver Meadow Division, A. G. Brodhead 
 Jr., of Mauch Chunk ; Superintendent Wyoming 
 Division, Alexander Mitchell, of Wilkesbarre; 
 General Freight Agent, John Taylor; General 
 Passenger Agent, E. B Byington ; Purchasing 
 Ag^nt, Lloyd Chamberlain ; Board of Directors, 
 William A. Ingham, George B. Markle and Joseph 
 Patterson, Philadelphia; Harry E. Packer and 
 James I. Blakslee, Mauch Chunk; David Thomas, 
 'Catasauqua; Ashbel Welcli, Lanibertville, N. J; 
 AVillliam L. Comyngham, Wilkesbarre; Ario 
 Pardee, Hazleton ; Robert H. Sayre, Bethlehem ; 
 Robert A. Packer, Sayre, Pa; E.P. Wilbur, Beth- 
 lehem ; The principal office of tlie Company is 
 238 South Third Street, Pliiladelphia, Pa. 
 
 The oflficei-s of the Pa. and N. Y. Canal and 
 Railroad Company, (which is leased by the Le- 
 Valley,) are. President, Robert H. Sayre; Treas- 
 urer. Charles Harlshone; Secretary, John R. 
 
 Fanshawe; General Superintendent, Robert A. 
 Packer; Assistant Suporintendent, H.S. Goodwjn; 
 Auditor, Jolin B. Garrett; General Freight Agent, 
 Jolin Taylor; Directors: Charles Hart^^hone, 
 Pliiladelpliia; Rol»ert A. Packer. Towanda, Pa.; 
 Vicir.r E. Piollet, Wysox, Pa.; Robert H. Sayre, 
 Betlilehein ; Harry E. Packer. James I. Blakslee, 
 Mauch Cliunk, Pa.; Garret B. Linderman. Wil- 
 liam H. Sayre, Elisha P. Wilhur. Robert Lockhart, 
 Betlileheni ; Jolm J.Taylor. Oswego. N. Y J. 
 Henry Swoyer, John W. HoUenbafk. Wilkesbarre, 
 Pa. 
 
 Tlie success of tlie Leliigh Valley Railroad lias 
 been achieved by wise, cautions and economjcjil 
 management, in which the late Asa I'acker vms 
 conspicious from the inception of the scheme to 
 the day of his death. Always otficered by some of 
 the strongest and ablest men of Pennsylvania, it 
 has adhered to the principles of a policy at OLce 
 liberal and conservative, and there are but few 
 railroad corporations in the United States whose 
 administration ha* been so entirely' satisfactory 
 to their stgckh'jlders. 
 
NflZHRETH BOROUGH, 
 
 A QUIET AND PLEASANT INLAND TOWN, IN THE CENTRE OF A VJCU VGRICUL- 
 
 TURAL DISTRICT LAID OUT WITH WIDE STREETS AND BUILT UP 
 
 IN A VERY NEAT AND SUBSTANTIAL MANNER. 
 
 Almost in thegeographical centre of Northamp- 
 ton county, and about an equal distance from 
 Easton and Bethlehem, the former to the east 
 and the latter to the south, is located the beauti- 
 ful and quiet town of Nazareth. Occupying an 
 elevated portion of the land, it can be seen at 
 some distance as the traveler approaches it from 
 any point, and once within its borders, and after 
 becoming acquainted with its hospitable people, 
 he would feign to cast his lot with them so pleas- 
 ant and agreeable all appear. 
 
 Nazareth dates its origin back more than a cen- 
 tury, even before the site of the settlement of 
 Bethlehem had received its first visitor, the hardy 
 sons were clearing the land upon which Nazareth 
 was soon after founded. 
 
 After the Moravian settlement in Georgia, in 
 consequence of a requirement by the government 
 to bear arms in the war declared between Eng- 
 land and Spain in 1738, was broken up, some of 
 them proceeded to Pennsylvania the same year, 
 and others followed in 1739. The remainder left 
 there in 1740 under the guidance of Peter Boeh- 
 ler, and were employed by a Mr. Whitefield to 
 assist in erecting a building for educating negroes, 
 on a tract of land he had bought, which he 
 called Nazareth. The company worked there 
 until September, when they left, owing to some 
 trouble and commenced the settlement of Beth- 
 lehem. Subsequently he was compelled to sell 
 his land, and it was all purchased by the Mora- 
 vians. 
 
 The year following the purchase, the building 
 was continued and finished before the closing of 
 the year, and in January 2, 1744, the first relig- 
 ious meeting was held in the house. Two years 
 later, July 26, 1746, Whitefield paid a visit to the 
 settlement and expressed himself as much aston- 
 ished to see so many improvements. During 
 the tenure of this noble domain by the industrious 
 
 Moravains, which they held intact till near the 
 beginning of the Revolution, they made many 
 improvements, establishing prior to 1752 several 
 small settlements, among them being Old Naza- 
 reth and New Nazareth ; of the Old, nothing re- 
 mains save its ruins, and of the New came the 
 present borough of Nazareth. Near the site 
 of Old Nazareth stands the Whitefield house, 
 one of the most interesting monuments of the 
 olden time in this country extant. This staunch 
 structure was some years ago purchased by a 
 friend of the Moravians, remodeled, converted 
 into a house for retired missionaries and donated 
 it in trust to that people. 
 
 In 1755 the Moravians erected a spacious stone 
 mansion, west of the Old Nazareth settlement, 
 which they designed for the residence of Count 
 Zinzendorf, (a saxon nobleman of wealth of their 
 faith, who spent some time in this section in 
 1742,) who was expected to return to this country. 
 Failing to do so, the house was converted into a 
 school, and here, in October of 1785, was estab- 
 lished that well-known and popular boarding 
 school of the American Moravian church — Naza- 
 reth Hall. 
 
 During the French and Indian war, in 1756, 
 several of the Manor farms were stockaded, and 
 the places ofi"ered refuge to the fugitive inhabi- 
 tants of the upper tier of townships. Provincial 
 troops were stationed at these stockades. In the 
 Spring of 1771 New Nazareth was laid out around 
 Nazareth Hall, and this became the principal 
 place on the barony, and when it ceased to be a 
 close denominational settlement, grew apace, and 
 in 1858 was incorporated into a borough. 
 
 Tlie schools of. Nazareth have always been 
 a prominent feature of the town, and have given 
 it a name widely known throughout the country. 
 Nazareth Hall is still recognized as an important 
 factor in the education of this section, and being 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 91 
 
 delightfully sit-inted. with !niii>lo pronnds 
 with shrubl)ery and tlowers, lornis :i i>leasiuit 
 retreat for the yuing ladies while pui-sning tlieir 
 jiath in the search of knowledge. During the 
 many years of its history it Jias sent out two 
 thousand alumni, and they are found in almost 
 every section of the country. At various times 
 since the establishment of the school, there liave 
 been tiftecn principals. 
 
 Wlien Nazareth became a borough in tlie Spring 
 of 1858, one public school was sufficient to ac- 
 commodate all the children in the district. The 
 directors fixed the term at ten months, and em- 
 ployed one teacher, a female. In June, 1861, the 
 board opened two schools for the term, and in 1868 
 a two-story brick school house was built, con- 
 taining two rooms, and in connection with a 
 building of smaller building near by served for 
 the public school purposes until 1873, when 
 another department was opened, making in 
 addition to the Moravian school, four for the 
 borough. 
 
 Although Nazareth has a population of fifteen 
 hundred, the town is destitute of a railroad, the 
 nearest point for them being at Bath, on the 
 Lehigh and Lackawanna railroad. Steps have 
 already been taken, however, by which the 
 borough will have connection with the out- 
 side world by rail. The proposed road will most 
 likely be a continuation of the Catasauqua and 
 Fogelsville Railroad, running from the former 
 place through Nazareth, into the Bangor slate 
 region. This, when completed, will enhance the 
 
 prosperity of the town, and many decided im- 
 provements will be made. 
 
 Tlie fair grounds of the Northampton County 
 Agricultural Society are located within the 
 borough limits, and within a square of the cen- 
 tre of the town. The grounds are complete in 
 all their appointments, possessing ample buildings 
 for every purpose and erected in a neat and sub- 
 stantial manner. 
 
 Nazareth is well built, the streets being wide 
 and shaded and the driveways clean and well 
 graded. Few towns of its size possesses a finer or 
 more healthful location, fewer still exercise so 
 careful attention with the affairs that tend to 
 promote the comfort and convenience of the in- 
 habitants. At the intersection of the principal 
 streets, a large public square was laid out when 
 starting the town, and is now a green and at- 
 tractive spot of ground. 
 
 Tiie industries of the town are varied, and 
 comprise in part, of a guitar factory, the most 
 prominent one in the United States, agricul- 
 tural works and machine shops, carriage shops, 
 planing mill, numerous mercantile houses, and 
 several very good hotels. There is considerable 
 business centred here, the country round about 
 being unexcelled in richness by any in the 
 county. 
 
 In the business houses of Nazareth that aidorn 
 these pages will be found the leading ones of the 
 town, and worthy the support and patronage of 
 the entire community. 
 
 C. F. MARTIN & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of Guitars, Corner Main and 
 North Streets. 
 
 Few industries are better known than that of Messrs. 
 C.F. Martin & Co., mauufacturers of Guitars, who are 
 now. conducting a business that was established in tlie 
 early part of the present century. The father of the 
 senior of the present firm, while living in Vienna, Aus- 
 tria, early began the manufacture of their instruments, 
 and soon established for himself a permanent reputa- 
 tion which had extended to the shores of America. — 
 Believing that this country would^naturally become 
 liberal supporters of an enterprise of this kind, he ar- 
 rived in New York city in 1833, where he continued his 
 manufacture until 1S39, and then removed to Nazarath. 
 
 In 1869 the present firm of C. F. Martin & Co., suc- 
 ceeded, and have since conducted the enterprise. They 
 manufacture all kinds of Guitars of rosewood, in difler- 
 ent linfch, and ranging in price from |S6 to $90. These 
 instruments have been used by all Hrst-class professors, 
 and are thoroughly known by all music houses, pro- 
 fessors, teachers, and amateur playsrs of the Guitar 
 throughout the country. It is tlie aim of the manufac- 
 turers to furnish the best guitar that can be produced, 
 and in that they have certainly succeeded, they stand- 
 ing to-day without a rival. The firm are in possession 
 of testimonials from the leading solo players in this 
 country and Europe, and wherever tried their instru- 
 ments are pronounced the finest toned and tlie handsom- 
 est finished of any in the market. They are all shipped 
 direct to the agents, C. A. Zoebisch & Sons, 40 Maiden 
 Lane, New York. 
 
 The senior of the firm, Mr. C. F. Martin, was born in 
 
 Vienna, Austria, in 1825, coming to this country in 1833 
 with his father, and upon reaching the proper age enter- 
 ed the factory, where he has always continued. Thor- 
 oughly understanding the business, through many years 
 of practical experience, he has not only maintained th e 
 high reputation of the instruments, but by some im- 
 provements added much to them, He is now the Bur- 
 gess of the Borough of Nazareth. Mr. C. F. Hartman, 
 was born in Markneukirchen, Saxony, in l&JO, and 
 came to this country in 1839, since when he has been 
 engaged in the present business. Like his partner, his 
 experience extends over the greater part of his life , 
 and to this knowledge is due the superiority of their 
 Guitar. 
 
 As an evidence of the high character of these instru- 
 ments both as regards tone and fine workmanship it is 
 only necessary to state that at the Franklin Institute 
 Exhibition in Philadelphia in 181-3 the highest honor 
 a silver medal, was awarded the manufacturers. And 
 at the Great World's fair in the Crystal Palace held in 
 New York ia 1855, a medal was also awarded for their 
 superiority. In 1876 at the Centennial Exhibition in 
 Philadelphia where they were placed in competition 
 with those of the best makers of the world, a medal 
 and diploma, the highest honor, was accorded them for 
 their richness and clearness of tone, beautiful finish 
 and durability and general excellence and superiority 
 over all others. This compliment was highly appre- 
 ciated by the manufacturers, whose great aim is to keep 
 their instruments up to the high standard they have 
 attained, and in many instances great improvements 
 have been made in their construction which has greaUy 
 added to their already supreme qualities. 
 
<)2 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 R. ?. BABP, 
 
 Drugs, Books, Stationery, Etc., Main Street. 
 
 The desirable situation of the town of Nazareth, iu 
 "the midst of a populous district, aud tlie number of its 
 inhabitants, has promoted the establishment of a num- 
 ber of first-class business houses. Prominent among 
 those taking an honorable position, is the house of Mr. 
 R. F. Babp, dealer in Drugs. Books, Stationery, etc., 
 located on Main street, and in the most desirable busi- 
 Ties.s portion of the borough. The stock carried is much 
 larger than is commonlj' found in the stores of towns 
 of similar size, comprising, as it does, a full and com- 
 plete line of Drugs, Patent Medicines of all kinds, Chem- 
 icals aud Paints, Oils, Varnish, Glass, etc., as well as a 
 very extended assortment of Books and Stationery. 
 The prescription department forms an important feature 
 iu this establishment, it being under the supervision of 
 the proprietor himself, and all prescriptions are com- 
 pounded wEh the utmost precision. Choice Segars of 
 the best foreign and domestic manufacture are also 
 kept on hand. The store was established in 1861 by 
 Mr. Thomas Hartzel ; Mr. Babp becoming the proprie- 
 tor in 1868. It is large, having a depth of sixty-five feet 
 and fitted with the conveniences for doing a first-class 
 trade. 
 
 Mr. Babp was born in Nazareth in 1841, and is one of 
 its most prominent citizens. He fills the office of post- 
 master, and is esteemed by the entire community as 
 •one of its honored and respected citizens. 
 
 R. O. BEITEL. 
 
 Jeweler, Main Street. 
 
 The \yell-known aud popular jeweler of Nazareth, Mr. 
 R. O. Beitel, has engaged in the trade since 1870, and is 
 the successor to the oldest established business of this 
 ■class in the borough. It was originally started in 1833 
 by the present proprietor's father, and eleven years 
 ago came into the hands of Mr. Beitel. The store is 
 neatly arranged, and displays a fine stock of Watches, 
 of both American and European manufacture, and a 
 great variety of Jewelry of the most fashionable style 
 and design, together with a full line of Silver and 
 Plated Ware, etc., specially selected for first class trade. 
 Mr. Beitel employs a practical watch maker, in this 
 branch of the business he being a thorough adept, and 
 his workmanship is highly appreciated by a large class 
 of Che people. 
 
 Mr. Beitel is a native of Nazareth, and has always re- 
 sided in the town, where he is well known for his in- 
 tegrity and business capacity and is highly respected 
 in the community. His facilities for obtaining every 
 thing in his line of goods that is new, are equal to 
 similar stores in larger communities. 
 
 J. F. GIERING, 
 
 Jeweler, Main Street. 
 
 In 1875 Mr. J. F. Giering established the Jewelry bus- 
 iness in Nazareth, and located his store a short distance 
 below Centre Square, where he rapidly built up by care- 
 ful attention and doing first-class work, a very desira- 
 ble business. He carries a stock of Jewelry of the most 
 modern style, and is continually adding to his assort- 
 ment. Being a practical watchmaker, he thoroughly 
 understands the watch trade, and persons doing busi- 
 ness with him will find that he is in every respect relia- 
 ble and guarantees his goods only after he is thorougly 
 satisfied with their quality. Buying his stock direct of 
 leading wholesale dealers and manufacturers he enjoys 
 a decided advantage, and is thereby enable to maintain 
 uniformly low prices. 
 
 Mr. Giering is a native of Lehigh county, and for 
 several years has been a resident of Nazareth, where he 
 ia regarded as an industrious and energetic business 
 man and citizen. 
 
 WILLIAM FKUTCHEV', 
 
 Carriage Builder, Main Street. 
 
 In 1875 the business of carriage building was estab- 
 lished at the above stand by Frutchey & Roth, who 
 continued it until March, 1880, when the present pro- 
 prietor succeeded to the whole business, and he is now 
 one of the leading carriage manufacturers in North- 
 ampton County. The shops are located on Main 
 street, and consists of a main building, two story in 
 height, and in dimensions thirty-six by forty feet, with 
 a rear building of thirty by one hundred feet. He is a 
 first-class carriage manufacturer and as his reputation 
 is becoming more and more wide spread, his business 
 is likewise increasing, and his trade extends not only 
 throughout the county, but through the adjoining 
 ones, and numerous other localities. He makes a 
 specialty of light shifting-top and no-top buggies, and 
 has built many of these handsome vehicles. In the 
 commodious salesroom may be seen a fair sample of 
 the workmanship of this establishment, which certainly 
 cannot fail to satisfy any competent judge of good work. 
 He employs ten hands, and is at all times ready to ex- 
 ecute orders promptly. Particular attention is given 
 to repairing, and old wagons are made to look as bright 
 as new. 
 
 Mr. Frutchey was born in Richmond, Northampton 
 County, and is one of the highly esteemed citizens of 
 Nazareth. The trimming department of the establish- 
 ment is under the supervision of Mr. James D. Roth 
 who was formerly a member of the firm of Frutchly & 
 Roth. He is a native of Nazareth, where he was born 
 in 1852, and is a thorough practical man having learned 
 his trade in Bethlehem, and was for a time engaged in 
 one of the leading carriage works of Newark, New Jer- 
 sey. He is skilled in his special branch of the business. 
 
 Mr. Lewis H. Abel has entire charge of the wood- 
 working and wheelwright shops. He was born in Forks 
 Township, Northampton County, in 1813, aud became 
 proficient in his trade at Easton. He came to Naza- 
 reth in 1859 and from 1875 to 1880 was with the firm of 
 Frutchey & Roth and since that time with Mr. Frutch- 
 ey. He is a careful and able workman and highly re- 
 spected citizen. 
 
 JOHN J. UNANGST, 
 
 General Store, Corner Broad and Belvidere 
 Steeets. 
 
 There is no reason why the citizens of Nazareth or 
 the people living in its vicinity should visit the large 
 cities in order to purchase goods of any kind at retail. 
 Ladies, for instance, have small need for any such dis- 
 crimination, when so much is done for them at home 
 by its enterprising merchants. The fine establishment 
 of Mr. John J. Unangst, located at the corrter of Broad 
 and Belvidere streets, is a prominent example of how 
 fully and economically these wants may be supplied. 
 
 In the same business for many years, he opened this 
 establishment in 1875,and has met with excellent success. 
 He has always on hand a very superior stock of dress 
 goods ip all the prevailing styles and qualities, to which 
 is added a full line of all the staple prints. Muslins, 
 Percales, Cambrics, Linens, and similar goods. His 
 stock is especially varied in Ladies' Hosiery, Gloves, 
 i Handkerchiefs, Scarfs, etc. A complete assortment of 
 all articles in the grocery department, fresh and pure, 
 makes this one of the most desirable stores in the town. 
 He carries a stock of hardware of all kinds, together 
 with Chiuaware, Glassware, and many other articles of 
 a useful and indispensable nature. 
 
 Mr. Unang.st is a native of Lower Nazareth township, 
 where he resided until removing to Nazareth. He 
 stands high in the business community, and is deserv- 
 edly one of the most popular and successful merchants 
 in the borough. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 93 
 
 ICRKIDLER & MICHAEr/, 
 
 Manufacturers ok CARRrAOKs, Ckntric Square. 
 Ouc of the leading firms iu Northampton county en- 
 .gaged in the manufacture of carriagus, is located at 
 Nazareth, where they have secured a high reputation 
 for fine and substantial work The firm are Messrs. 
 Kreidler & Michael, who occupy the stand in Centre 
 Square of that town. This business was established 
 about 184.5, and they succeeded to it in 187.S, and have 
 since very greatly increased the facilities for manu- 
 facturing. The buildings occupied comprise several 
 shops and warcrooms, the latter being two-stories, forty 
 by fifty feet in dimensions, and ample for the storage of 
 their stock. They employ ten liauds, each of whom 
 has been selected for fitness in his particular depart- 
 ment. The carriages and wagons built by this firm are 
 celebrated for their lightness— where lightness is re- 
 quired—strength, staying quality and beauty of finish. 
 The materials are carefuly selected, special regard be- 
 ing had to the wood, a large stock of which is always 
 in stock undergoing the process of seasoning. The iron 
 work receives particular attention, and the painting, 
 varnishing, trimming and furnishing arc equally the 
 subject of skillful and faithful manipulation. A spe- 
 cialty is made of Phaetons and Buggies, which have se- 
 cured universal commendation wherever used. This 
 drm builds to order, or sells from its ready-made stock, 
 carriages equal in every respect to those turned out by 
 many large city manufacturers who arc accustomed to 
 charge fancy prices for mere prestige. Messrs. Kreidler 
 Jt Michael are com.eut with a fair reuumeratiou for 
 
 labor and material actually employed, and they have 
 their reward in the decidedly prosperous condition of 
 their business. 
 
 Both members of the firm are natives of Nazareth, 
 and thorough practical men in their business. They 
 are pleasant and courteous to all, and make every effort 
 to give satisfaction in their work. 
 
 M. M. SMICKLEY, 
 
 Cabinet Maker, Main Steet. 
 One of the oldest established business stands in Naz- 
 areth is that now occupied by Mr. M. JI. Smickley, 
 which had its origin in 1S20, and since that time carried 
 on successfully by diifereut parties. He succeeded to 
 the business in 1880, and is now engaged in manufactur- 
 ing furniture of all kinds, and general cabinet make- 
 ing. The slTop occupied is of ample dimensions, two- 
 story frame, and fitted with all the conveniences for the 
 business. It is situated on Main street, a few doors 
 above Centre Square. Mr. Smickley is a practical man 
 at the trade, and is kept busy tilling orders, and attend- 
 ing to the general repairing department. All furniture 
 manufactured is from w^ell seasoned wood, and of 
 thorough workmanship, and the equal of similar ar- 
 ticles from any other establishment. Persons desiring 
 furniture made to order would do well to give Mr. 
 Smickley an opportunity to show his abilities in this 
 direction, and to secure really substantial household 
 articles. He ia a young luau uf industry and eutei- 
 priac. 
 
BOROUGH OF BATH. 
 
 A rLEA«ANTLY PITT^\TED TOWN, CONTAINING NUMEROUS INDUSTRIES AND SUR- 
 
 KUUNDKi) WITH EXCELLENT FARMING COUNTRY A SHORT SKlllVii uF 
 
 ITS HISTORY AND A REVIEW OF THE LEADING ENTERPRISES. 
 
 Northamjiton County contains several active 
 and thriving towns, independent of those situ- 
 ated immediately on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, 
 tliat own their origin and progress to the rich 
 agricultural land that surround them. Among 
 these towns the Borough of B^th must be given a 
 prominent place, and lias been included in this 
 work as representing one of the most productive 
 sections encompassed by the Lehigh Valley. 
 
 Bath is located ten miles from Easton, the 
 county seat; eight-from Bethlehem, and ten from 
 Allentown, and on the Lehigh and Lackawanna 
 Railroad, and the most prominent station on 
 that road. In 1853 the village was incorporated 
 into a borough, and has now attained a popula- 
 tion of about 800. The town is well built, and is 
 particularly neat and attractive, the streets 
 being wide, and nicely shaded, making it a de- 
 sirable place of residence. It has within its 
 limits four churches — Lutheran, Presbyterian, 
 German Reformed and Methodist, and a large 
 school building, containing three departments 
 under the charge of competent and zealous in- 
 structors. There are several secret organizations, 
 two of them controlling public halls, known as 
 tlie Mechanics Hall and Centre Hall. 
 
 Bath has always been an attractive town for 
 visitors, and four hotels, well kept, occupy com- 
 manding sites in the town. For a borough of 
 
 its size, it has many industries, prominent among 
 them being two machine shops, two carriage 
 manufactories, tannery, flour mills, cigar facto- 
 ries and a very general variety of mercantile 
 houses. There is also a neat burial ground 
 known as the Greenmount Cemetery. Monoc- 
 acy creek flows through the town, and besides af- 
 fording good water, furnishes power for nearly 
 all the industries. 
 
 Near Bath is located the extensive slate quarries 
 of Chapman & Co., that annually produce large 
 quantities of slate. A description of these quar- 
 ries will be found under the head of Bethlehem. 
 
 The Lehigh and Lackawanna Railroad, that 
 passes through Bath, was built for the purpose, 
 more particularly, of giving an outlet for the 
 slate quarries at Chapman's, and is now controlled 
 by the New Jersey Central Railroad. Its main 
 line from Bethlehem and Chapman's is fifteen 
 miles in length, and from the latter place there 
 has been constructed a branch to Wind Gap, ten 
 miles in length. The main line follows the 
 course of the Monocacy creek nearly the entire 
 distance, and along it are presented many strik- 
 ing and beautiful stretches of scenery: 
 
 The review of the business houses under the 
 head of Bath, represent the leading enterprises of 
 the town, and are well worthy the support of the 
 community. 
 
 AMERICAN HOTEL, 
 
 H. H. HuMMELL, Proprietor, Main Street. 
 Wherever Bath is known, her hotels have equal rep- 
 utation, and many parties from surrounding towns 
 frequently visit them to enjoy their comfort and par- 
 take of their well-spread table. Among those here lo- 
 cated will be found the time-honored hostelrie, known 
 as the American Hotel, which dates its opening back to 
 about I&IO, the present proprietor. Mr. H. H. Hummell, 
 having become the host in 1<S7!S. The house presents an 
 unsuaTly neat and attractive appearance, the wide 
 piazzas giving it a decidedly cool and comfortable ex- 
 
 terior. The interior has been repainted and repaired 
 in a manner that makes it inviting and homelil^e. The 
 bar, reading room, parlor and drawing room are all 
 located on the first floor, the chambers being situated 
 upon the second. The table is well supplied with 
 all siibstantials and many of the luxuries of the season, 
 cooked and served in a skilled and thorough manner. 
 
 Mr. Hummell is a pleasant and obliging host, and 
 those committing themselves to his care will find that 
 he thoroughlv understands hotel keeping. The Amer- 
 ican is worthy a name among the good hotels of the 
 county. 
 
RESorHr-ES OF THK I.KHir.II VALLEY, 
 
 95 
 
 HKNKY SCIIOTJ.. 
 
 DkV Cnol.s ASn OlUOERIES, ^f.MN STREET. 
 
 ('oiis|iiieoiis aiiioiig the Hm-st and most conii)k'tfly 
 stocked stores in Buth is that of which Ilenrj' SchoU 
 is the proprietor. The business he is nf)\v carrying <'n 
 with so much energy and success, was origiuiilly e-.lab- 
 lishcd more tluui a quarter of a century ago, and he is 
 one of tlie host known, as lie is one of the soumU'st ami 
 ^troiiijest niercliants in this section of the country. 
 Beinff a fii-st-( lass country store, its stock of goods is 
 large, amounting to S{1.'«,000 in value, and consists in 
 )>art of tirocerios and I'rovisions, wliich a large and 
 active trade compels liim to renew so often as to hisure 
 aporpetually fresh ciMiditiun: house-furnishing articles, 
 wooden, willow and earthen ware, and a carefully se- 
 le<'ted stock of staple and fancy Pry Goods, Notions, etc. 
 Mr. SchoU caters to a large and regular line of custom 
 in town and country, and he knows how to make it to 
 the advantage of his customers to c<intinne with him 
 from year to year. One secret of his success and popu- 
 larity lies in tlie fact that lie never allows the cjuality 
 of any portion of his large stock to deteriorate, buys all 
 goods from lirst hands at the lowest cash prices and is 
 content with a small murgin of proii!. His store is the 
 oldest in town, is 23.\7'> feet in dimensions, and iu his 
 business he employs four assistants. 
 
 Mr. SchoU is one of the most prominent citizens of 
 Northampton county, and was a member of the Penn- 
 sylvania Legislature, elected in 1879, iu which he 
 served two years with distinction to himself and credit 
 to his constituents. As a private citizen he is much es- 
 teemed and possesses a large circle of friends. 
 
 FRANKLIN L. FALTZINGER, 
 
 M.VNUF.\CTURER OF ClG.\RS, M.\IN STREET. 
 
 Among those who have achieved a high reputation 
 as a large manufacturer in Bath is Mr. Franklin Falt- 
 zinger, whose store and factory is located on Main street, 
 near the depot. Here he occupies very desirable quar- 
 ters, convenient to trade, and in every respect adapted 
 to the business. His factory is located to the rear of the 
 retail store, in which the:e are < mployed five hands, en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of ^^. Faltzinger's own 
 brands, among them being tlii. well known "iJaisy, " 
 "Victories," and "Drum Major. " These goods have a 
 large i-ale, being made of the choicest leaf in a very 
 careful maimer, and the demand for then\ is rapidly 
 Increasing. Thoroughly understanding the tobacco 
 business he has built up a satisfactory trade and is 
 known as a reliable dealer. 
 
 Hr. Faltzingi'r is a native of Bath, and an active and 
 enterprising gentleman, commanding the respect of all 
 witli whom he is brought into business relations. 
 
 WILLIAM B.VDER, 
 
 (UiRRiEu ot" Leather. 
 
 Anyone at all acquainted with the town of Bath 
 knows of the "old tannery " that for many years was suc- 
 cessfully conducted, but owing to various causes, is not 
 now in operation, and is the scene solely of the currying 
 business. For fifty years and perhaps more, the "Bath 
 tannery "was well known throughout the valley and its 
 product was correspondingly popular. The present pro- 
 prietor, Mr. William Bailer, has been engaged here in the 
 present enterprise for about fourteen years, and has 
 built up in that time a very .satisfactory business as a 
 currier of leatlier. Three hands are engaged, all of 
 them skilled in their calling, and great care is taken in 
 producing perfect finished leather. 
 
 Mr. Bader is a practical currier, and thoroughly un- 
 derstands the production of good leather. His trade is 
 already large ami is gradually assuming greater pro- 
 portions. 
 
 CHARl.K.."^ Kl.KlKNKR & CO., 
 
 .Manli'actikei'.s or ('arkiai.es, Chestsut .'Street. 
 
 .\niong the enterprises here located is that of Oiiarlcs 
 Kleckner & Co., manufacturers of Carriages, which 
 though establishe«l quite recently, (.Vpril 1, 1S81,) has 
 s«'cnred a desirable trade. The shops are of ample di- 
 mensions for the business, and conveniently situated 
 upuii Chestnut street. The stand was formerly occu- 
 pieil for the same business but the proprietor removed 
 his establishment to another locality, when the present 
 firm secured the property and opened business. Tliey 
 arc employing ten hands, and are manufacturing 
 many handsome carriages representing the popular 
 styles in use. Great care is exercised to use iKjne but 
 tile best material, and everything is done in the most 
 workmanlike manner. By their energy and indiistry 
 they liave established a fine reputation for their car- 
 riages, and their facilities are such as to rapidly ex- 
 ecute all work placed in their hands. Particular atten- 
 tion is paid to repairing and building of light open 
 spring wagons. 
 
 The members of the firm are Charles Kleckner and 
 George scheffner, Iwth of whom are natives of Bath, 
 and practical carriage buihlers. As business men they 
 are deserving of success, which will doubtless l>e ac- 
 corded them as their superior make of carriages be- 
 come better known in the community. Their enter- 
 prise is one of the important industries of this thriving 
 town. 
 
 RHOAD & WEBB, 
 
 Dry Goods and Groceries, Main Street. 
 
 One of the leading establishments iu the Borough of 
 Bath is that of Rhoad & Webb, dealer in Dry Goo<ls and 
 Groceries, Main Street. In 1879 the present firm opened 
 their enterprise, and by energy and careful attention to 
 the demands of the patrons have rapidly secured a 
 most satisli\ctory trade. The store has a double front, 
 with a depth of sixty feet, in which a full and varied 
 assortmentof goods is kept constantly on hand, repre- 
 senting cmisiderable capital and embracing a promi- 
 nent line of dry goods and groceries. Since the inception 
 of this prosperous enterprise, the business has constant- 
 ly increased, and the trade now conducted with the 
 resident citizens and surrounding farms, is very large, 
 and reflects credit upon the able managers and their 
 admirable business system. Goods are purchased for 
 cash and in large quantities, securing for their patrons 
 tlie choice of the market. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are G. W. Rhoad, 
 and R. W. Webb, both natives of Bath. Mr. Rhoad also 
 conducts a store in South Bethlelicm, w'hich is in every 
 respect a representative establishment. They are active 
 and enterprising gentlemen, and have given to Bath a 
 house that is a credit to the town. 
 
 GEORGE P. KERN, 
 
 Drugoist, M.\in Street. 
 The only drngestablishmentiiiBath is that of George 
 P. Kern, located on Main street, and convenient to 
 town and country trade. The store was opened about 
 twelve years ago, and since that time it has gradually 
 been grov. ing m trade, and influence. The Doctor car- 
 ries a full and complete stock of drugs, medicine of all 
 kinds, chemicals, oils, paints, gla.ss, spices, perfumery 
 and fancy articles, and makes a speciality of fine 
 wines and liquors for medicinal purposes. Physicians' 
 prescriptions are compounded with great care, this 
 department being under the charge, in the doctor's ab- 
 sence, of a reliable assistant, who is well versed in the 
 formulas of materia mcdica and all medic-al pre- 
 parations. Residents desiring articles in this line need 
 ^ no further than their home to secure them, as the 
 
96 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 goods here bought may be relied upon as being 
 strictly as represented 
 
 Dr. Kern is one of the leading citizens of Bath, and 
 very highly esteemed by the people of the entire com- 
 munity. Independent of the business of druggist, he is 
 a practicing pliysician, and enjoys a large and lucra- 
 tive practice. 
 
 J. H. BARRALI,, 
 
 Dry Goods and Groceries, Chestnut Street. 
 Among the leading mercantile houses of Bath is that 
 of Mr. J. H. Barrall, which was established in 1880. 
 This well conducted establishment is noticeably full in 
 all lines of goods particularly sought by ladies. There 
 is a large and well selected assortment of Dress Goods, 
 Trimmings, N^jtious, White Goods, Muslins, Cambrics, 
 
 Linens, Laces, Embroideries, Hoisery, Gloves and 
 Ladle's Furnishing Goods. 
 
 The trade of this house is large and necessitates 
 frequent replenishing of the stock, so that the newest 
 styles and patterns are always on the counter as soon as 
 they appear, arni at city prices. The case is precisely 
 the same with the grocery department, which com- 
 prises a full assortment of staple and fancy articles 
 usually found in a first-class grocery store. He is also 
 agent for the Stewart s Singer,"and other Sewing Ma- 
 chines. He is a native of Bath, had a good busines 
 training, and although engaged in trade but a short 
 time, has already given evidence of unusual businesss 
 ability. He possesses the esteem of the entire com- 
 munity, and is rapidly building up in the town a 
 large and lucrative trade. 
 
ilLLENTOWN. 
 
 THE LEADING MA VUFAOTURING CITY OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY THE CEvtt>k OP 
 
 A VERY EXTENSIVE TRADE EXCELLENT PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS 
 
 A DELIGHTFUL AND HEALTHY PLACE FOR RESIDENCES. 
 
 Allentown, the metropolis of the Lehigh Val- 
 ley, it- situated at the confluence of the Lehigh 
 river, with the Little Lehigh and Jordan creeks, 
 ninety-seven miles west of New York, sixty north- 
 west of Philadelphia, and eighteen from Ea.ston. 
 It is built upon an eminence in the midst of very 
 picturesque region, and is laid out with streets at 
 right angles. 
 
 THE STARTING OF THE TOWN. 
 
 In 1762 a petition was presented to the court of 
 Northampton county for a road from Peter Koh- 
 ler's mill, in Upper or North Whitehall township, 
 to pass " through the town then being laid out, 
 to be called Northampton," and this being the 
 first mention made of the town, it is correct to pre- 
 sume that the present thriving city of Allentown 
 had its origin in that year. Originally it is found 
 to have received the name of Northampton, thus 
 stated in the assessment list from 17(32 to 1800, 
 when the name of Allentown is found. This 
 name was derived from its founder, James Allen, 
 who laid out the town. William Allen, the 
 father of James, speculated very extensively in 
 lands, and in 1750 owned three thousand acres in 
 the present county of Lehigh, on a part of which 
 the town was laid out. James came into the pos- 
 session of this tract in the same year in which he 
 laid out the town. This family of Aliens were 
 very prominent in Pliiladelphia, the grand- 
 father of James dying in tliat city in 1725, and 
 where he had been an eminent merchant; wliile 
 the father, William, in 1750 was a])pointed Chief 
 Justice of the Supreme Court, and held the office 
 many years. James Allen did not live long after 
 laying out his new town, dying in Philadelphia 
 in 1777, and leaving the property at Allentown 
 to his children. 
 
 ITS EARLY GROWTH. 
 
 In 1704, two years after the town started, it con- 
 tained thirteen families, and the houses were 
 7 
 
 mostly small one-storydwellings. "Trout HalI,"or 
 
 "Allen's house," which stood upon the tract, was 
 probably built in 1753, and foralong time remain- 
 ed there in its original condition, and afterwards 
 was incorporated in Muhlenbeig College. Those 
 who lived in the settlement in 17i>4 were Ger- 
 mans who had recently emigrated to America, 
 and, therefore generally very helpless, and slow 
 in erecting proper dwellings, particularly as each 
 man was forced to do almost everything for him- 
 self. In 1765 the families numbered thirty-three, 
 and in 1774 forty-nine. Two years later this 
 number had been increased, as there were lifty- 
 four houses, seven of which were taverns, or one 
 for every eight houses ; evidently the settlement 
 was not very temperate. At this time the num- 
 ber of inhabitants is stated at three hundred and 
 thirty, and it continued to grow, but slow, as in 
 1800 it contained about ninety houses. 
 
 The year following the laying out of the town, 
 great exertions were made to remove the seat of 
 justice of Northamjjton county from Easton to 
 this town, and if it had not been for the fact that 
 the town of Easton was the private property of 
 Penn, and as Northaraptontown was near the 
 centre of the county (as it was then constituted), 
 it would have been donej as there can be no ques- 
 tion but that the best argument lay with these 
 people. Henry, in hjs "History of tiie Leliigh 
 Valley," says that historians of the olden time, 
 knew comparatively nothing of this "town and it 
 is true that but little can be found in any of the 
 old volumes relative to it, and it is natural to 
 conclude that the town did not possess sufficient 
 interest to attract their notice. 
 
 During the Revolutionary war, the town was 
 too small to attract any particular attention, but 
 in 1777, a number of sick and wounded soldiers 
 were quartered there, probably in the church 
 
98 
 
 EESOUT^rEP OF TITE LEHIOII VALLEY. 
 
 building that had Won erected a few years pre- 
 vious. When the British took possession of Phil- 
 adelphia in 1777, the bells of Christ Chnrch were 
 brought to AUentown and remained there until 
 tliey could be returned in safety. 
 
 INCORPORATED AS A BOROrCII. 
 
 The town, after changingitsname to Allcntown 
 in 1800, retained it until 1820, when it was incor- 
 porated as a borough with the name of North- 
 aniptontown, but, this ot-casioning innumerable 
 nnstakes, the name of AUentown was re-assunied 
 by an act of Legislature in 1738. Fpon the crea- 
 tion of Lehigh county, March 6, 1812, the town 
 was selected as the county seat, and has ever since 
 been the county town. The population in Allen- 
 town in 1830, was 1,554; in 1840, 2,493; in 1850, 
 a.^Oa, and 619 houses; in 1860,8,037; in 1870, 13,- 
 880 ; and by the census of 1880, the population 
 had increased to 18,068. At the present time it 
 probably exceeds 20,000, and is the largest city in 
 the Lehigh Valley. 
 
 THE CAUSE OF THE SLOW PROGRESS. 
 
 The fact that the town progressed very slowly 
 during its early history is atlvibutable in a great 
 measure to the influence of some of the neighbor- 
 ing towns, and the diflSculty (from its elevation) 
 of procuring the necessary supply of water. This 
 latter trouble continued until 1828, when it was 
 overcome by the erection of water works, from 
 which time the town steadily progressed until 
 the failure in 1843 of the Northampton Bank, 
 (which was established there in 1814,) prostrated 
 business and for a time brought its prosperity to 
 a stand still. 
 
 THE GREAT FIRE. 
 
 AUentown had barely recovered itself from the 
 effects of the bank failure, which had so signally 
 destroyed for a time the hopes of the town, before 
 it was visited by a calamity more serious than tlie 
 first. On June 9, 1848, a terrible conflagation 
 swept over the place, and robbed it of its princi- 
 pal business houses. One of thelocal papers thus 
 spoke of it at the time : 
 
 "We hasten to announce to our readers the 
 painful inteligence of the most di.sastrous fire that 
 has ever occured in our borough. That beautiful 
 square, commencing at the market-house, and 
 extending up to Hagenbuch's tavern on Hamil- 
 ton Street, taking in both sides of the street, and 
 ranging far enough down to include all the back 
 buildings on either side, which yesterday morn- 
 ing presented so fine a business aspect, now lies 
 in ruins, presenting to the eye an unsightly mass 
 of smouldering ashes andblackened walls. How 
 the fire originated is yet a mystery. One .story is 
 that .some boys were playing in a barn with 
 matches; another, that the fire is suppo.scd to 
 have been lighted by the hand of an incendiary ; 
 the latter however, is highly improbable, and 
 scarcely entitled to any credence whatever. The 
 whole number of buildings destroyed is about 
 eighty ; dwellings and stores, thirty-five. The 
 
 aggregate amount of loss has been very little, if 
 any, less than .$200,000, about $40,000 only of 
 which is covered by insurance. 
 
 While the fire was very disastrous in destroying 
 much property, and deranging business, it result- 
 ed in a great benefit to the appearance of the town , 
 as upon the ruins were erected large and substan- 
 tial brick buildings, and giving employinent to a 
 large number of its inhabitants, and drawing 
 others from a distance, who permanently settled 
 there. It was really the turning point of the suc- 
 cess of the t<iwn, and from that date its popula- 
 tion rapidly increased and new industries started. 
 The anniversary of the fire has always been cel- 
 ebrated each year, and is a prominent holiday 
 with the citizens. 
 
 Few years after the fire the opening of the Le- 
 high Valley and East Pennsylvania Railroads, 
 done much to enhance the prosperity of AUen- 
 town, and brought it more in contact with other 
 towns, by which competition was increased and 
 the business interests of the town made to place 
 itself upon a sure and profitable foundation. 
 FROM 1860 TO 1880. 
 
 During the War of the Rebellion, AUentown 
 furnished a large quoto of men for tlie armies, 
 and her troops fought with great credit to them- 
 selves and the town they represented. Though 
 many of her inhabitants were away a great part 
 of the time between 1860 and 1870, the town maiie 
 wonderful progress, and attracted to it«elf much 
 of the business for miles around. The first few 
 years of the last decade, was a precarious time for 
 AUentown, which had now attained to the im- 
 portance of a city. A prominent banking insti- 
 tution, in which the people had placed implicit 
 confidence, failed, and in .such a manner as not 
 only to drag down a number of private citizens^ 
 but to severely cripple every department of trade. 
 This acted upon the spirits of the people mucli 
 like the failure of the Northampton bank in 1843. 
 and it was some time before the town fully re- 
 covered from the disastrous eft'ects. 
 
 The i^anic that swept over the country in 1873, 
 while not being immediately felt in AUentown. 
 subsequently, in connection with the failure of 
 the banking company, fell with a heavy liand 
 upon the business interests, and for a season it 
 was prostrated. But possessing natural enter- 
 prise, the business men of the town, both in the 
 manufacturing and mercantile departments, were 
 not slow to avail themselves of whatever advan- 
 tages were offered, and business recovered itself. 
 
 LOCATION AND SURROUNDINGS. 
 
 AUentown is situated upon high ground, com- 
 manding an extensive view of the surrounding 
 country, the scenery of which is delightfully va- 
 rigated, the soil fertile and highly cultivated, and 
 presenting all the attractions of nature. The Le- 
 high river passes along in front of the city, while 
 the Jordan creek runs through the northern part, 
 and the Little Lehigh to the east. The eminence 
 
RESornrK:^ of the T.Einr.ii vat,t,ry. 
 
 99 
 
 upon wliicli it is huilt slnpc-s nnnluiilly to thi' 
 river on tlu' oast and tliorri'ck to tlu' north, reiv- 
 ing it a drainafTi' nnsurpassod. 
 
 The view from ]>i}r or power's Itock near by is 
 very extensive and pieturesque, enil)ra(ing a ricii 
 variety of landscape and indnstry in botli tlie 
 ^^aupon and I-eliigh Valleys. From its tup, 1,000 
 feet in height, the Lehigh river can be seen fur 
 many niile.s. and lends an enehantniont to the 
 view as its winding eunrse is followed through 
 the varied land that is situated upon both sides. 
 The two railroads, the Lehigh Valley and Lehigh 
 and Susquehanna, with the serpentine trains of 
 roal cars and smoking locomotives, arc jilainly 
 "ilisccrnal)le, while the canal boats with their 
 faithful tugging mules and lazy crews, relieve 
 the landscape from a sameness. 
 
 There are several romantic springs in the 
 ■leighhurhood, much resorted to by the visitors. 
 ( )ne of these, Cedar creek, is well stocked with 
 trout, and a favorite place for parties and private 
 pic-nics, etc. 
 
 THE PRKSENT APPEARANCE. 
 
 Visitors reaching Allentown for the fir.st time, 
 are surprised by the activity in every department 
 of business, and the general appearance of the 
 place. After passing over Jordan creek, on the 
 long stone bridge, the street rises ui) a gradual 
 height until two squares from the creek is ]>assed, 
 and a level street is reached. From here the 
 i)usiness pcjrtiou of the town reaches out before 
 for several sijuares, presenting an appearance that 
 comnuinds the attention of the new-comer. The 
 principal I:)usiness thoroughfare is Hamilton 
 street, though nuuiy mercantile houses are located 
 upon the streets that cro.ss it at right angles. 
 The streets are all wide, witli drivways of supe- 
 rior excellence, and sidewalks well paved and very 
 generally kept in good condition. 
 
 The business i)ortions of the town presents a 
 beautiful and substantial appearance, the build- 
 ings being large and giving the town very much 
 the air of a large city. That portion removed 
 from business contains handscjine private resi- 
 dences, and in this section there will be noticed a 
 general love for flowers. Wherever possible 
 large and beautiful gardens surround the houses, 
 nearly all of which are laid out with great taste, 
 and in some in>tanc('s great lil)erality is displayed 
 in tlie cultniiof (lowers, shrubbery and fruit 
 trees. 
 
 North of .Ionian creek there is a very consider- 
 able i)ortion of the town, mostly occupied by 
 large industries and the dwi'lliiigs of those eni- 
 [)loyed by them. 
 
 In the centre of Allentown. at the intersection 
 of Hamilton and Seventh streets, is a large (mblic 
 square in which the two banks of tlic town liave 
 handsome buililings. This s(|uare, during extra 
 <Mcasions, or upon Saturdays when the farmers 
 foine to town to provide tlierns(>l\-es with the 
 •vvoek's necessaries, presents an aniiuaicii seene, it 
 
 then being well iilleil with wagon? and people, 
 the latter giving tliemselves up to the thorough 
 enjoyment <if the half Indiday. 
 
 In every portion of the town large industries 
 are met with, and the buildings occuiiied are, as a 
 rule, substantial and attractive additions to its ap- 
 pearance. Along the line of the railroad there is 
 one euntinuuus stretch, of manufactories, the 
 greater part of whicli are engaj;ed in tlieiron trade. 
 
 PKOMINEXT BtII.I>INr;s. 
 
 The city contains many handsome buildings 
 independent of those built for mercantile ])urpo3e. 
 The new Court Hou.se of Leliigh county, situated 
 at the corner of Fifth and Hamilton streets, is 
 particularly an attractive structure. It is two 
 stories in height, and surmountcfl Ity a ilome, 
 that forms a prominent feature in viewing tlie 
 town from a distance. On Fourth street, the 
 county a few years ago built one of the handsom- 
 est jails in the State, and it too has an imposing 
 tower, giving the whole an appearance of solidity. 
 The building for the silk works, recently com- 
 pleted, is one of the finest for industrial purposes 
 in Northeastern Pennsylvania, and stands as a 
 monument to the enterprise of many of Allen- 
 town's citizens, who personally suliscribed liber- 
 ally for its erection, and thereby gaining for the 
 town an industry that will employ about eight 
 hundred of the inhabitants. It is situated near 
 the Jordan creek, and is tlie only silk mill in the 
 valley. The Muhlenberg and Allentown Female 
 College buildings are both commanding struc- 
 tures, and the public school buildings are not 
 surpassed by those of any city in the State. 
 
 THE SANITARY CONDITION. 
 
 The excellent situation occupied by Allentown 
 is a subject of remark, and the general health is 
 much above cities of similar population. The 
 drainage is superior, all the refuse being carried off 
 by the streams that run through it on the north 
 and east side. In this connection, to illustrate 
 that the city has always enjoyed this distinguish- 
 ing feature, it will be well to state that during 
 tlie jirevalence of the yellow fever in 1793 and 
 1799, and the cholera in l.S32-:«, there was not a 
 single case of either in the place. The city's san- 
 itary condition is in the hands of a competent 
 Board of Health, who take every ju-ei-autionary 
 measure to maintain cleanliness and otlier essen- 
 tials for the healthfulness of the community. — 
 Nuisances, detrimental to the good health of the 
 people, are promptly dealt witli. and their remov- 
 al oi-dered. 
 
 BUSINESS AUVANT.VCJES, 
 
 "Witlnu the past decade Allentown has made 
 wonderful progress as a manufacturing centre, 
 and to-day occujiies an enviable p<isition among 
 the cities of Northeastern rennsylvania. Tlie 
 Mayor in his la.st annual message speaks of the 
 condition of the city's business as follows : -Our 
 city is rapidly recovering from the late commer- 
 cial nnrcrtainty and dc.'ie-^-ion. Our industries 
 
100 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 are in full operation and prospering, giving em- 
 ployment to our mechanics and laborers. 
 
 "We are approaching a period of prosperity un- 
 precedented in the history of Allen town. The 
 immen.se iron industry, notwithstanding the gen- 
 eral depression during a number of years, is to- 
 day one of our most important departments of 
 manufacture; its revival and profitable prices 
 will soon greatly increase the business in this 
 city. This one industry in itself possesses won- 
 derful possibilities of developments and of in- 
 creasing our municipal wealth , because it is one 
 that must expand with the population and settle- 
 ment of our country. The various other indus- 
 tries, as tlieshoe, woolen, furniture, cutlery, leath- 
 er and segar are working to their fullest capacity. 
 Some of them having recently enlarged their works 
 and others are contemplating the same. 
 
 "The ordinance passed by your honorable 
 bodies, exempting from the city tax for a period 
 of five years all new industries to be established 
 in our midst, has received the hearty approval of 
 our citizens and has been the means of already 
 attracting to our city capitalists who are about 
 erecting silk works which will give employment 
 to thousands of our people. It has also attracted 
 the attention of other parties who have visited us 
 for the purpose of examining our superior advan- 
 tages and some are now negotiating for sites for 
 the erection of ditferent maniifactories. 
 
 "Our merchants are greatly encouraged by 
 the revival of business and many have during 
 the past summer enlarged their stores, some have 
 erected new buildings of mammoth proportions 
 while others are waiting for the coming spring 
 to do likewise. Property has enhanced in value 
 and rents have increased, owing to the great de- 
 mand for houses. 
 
 "The city represents commercially, socially 
 and educationally, the best fruits and advance- 
 ment of modern civilization. In elegance and 
 beauty, our streets will contrast favorably with 
 the more attractive streets in many cities of the 
 country. Most of them are liberally provided 
 with shade trees ; and numerous improved pri- 
 vate gardens add with their foliage and flowers to 
 the appearance of many localities." 
 
 While the generotts action of Council in re- 
 moving taxes for five years from all new indus- 
 tries, is a very important inducement for enter- 
 prise and capital to locate in their midst, it is by 
 no means the only advantage held out by the 
 city. The admirable system of railroads that 
 make AUentown the centre, is a factor to be con- 
 sidered in giving easy access to the great markets 
 of the world for the products that are here manu- 
 factured. These same roads bring it within short 
 distance of the great coal and iron regions of the 
 State, as well as the lumljering districts of the 
 Northwest, landing at the doors of these concerns 
 the articles most needed. 
 
 Another in lu cement are the very desiral)lc 
 
 building plots with wliich the city abounds, and 
 the excellent location as a place of residence. 
 These factories combine to make the city a sub- 
 ject of consideration with all parties who are in- 
 vestigating for places to invest capital in manu- 
 facturing enterprise. 
 
 TAXES AND DEBT. 
 
 The financial condition of the city is now in a, 
 very favorable condition, the present ofiicials- 
 have used extraordinary efforts to place the ex- 
 penditures within the income — the only success- 
 ful government. The city has now an indebt- 
 edness of $442,313.50, and when coming due will 
 be in a most favorable condition to meet the obli- 
 gations. The tax rates are uniformly low, and the 
 assets of the city is sufficient to meet all liabili- 
 ties. The amount of taxable property is $7,- 
 692,200. 
 
 MUNICIPAL DEPARTMENTS — POLICE. 
 
 Being incorporated as a city, the department* 
 are thoroughly organized and under the charge 
 of efficient heads. The police department con- 
 sists of seven patrolmen and a chief, the whole 
 force being equipped in suitable uniforms, and 
 presenting a neat appearance. The city is patrol- 
 led day and night, and only a few breaches of the- 
 peace of a serious nature is recorded for the past 
 year. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 AUentown can well lay claim to having one of 
 the most thorough fire departments in the State, 
 outside the three or four larger cities, the com- 
 panies having a large membership, owning: 
 steamers, and also having horses for draught pur- 
 poses. To make this department more eflficient 
 and to supply about the only thing needful, la- 
 the addition of fire alarm telegraph or telephone, 
 which will then put the companies in a condition 
 to more promptly respond to alarms. The de- 
 partments is as follows : 
 
 Chief Engineer, John P. Dilliuger. Assistant 
 Engineers : First, Obediah Pfeiffer, America, No. 
 2; Second, Henry J. Ritter, Goodwill, No. 3p 
 Third, Israel H. Troxell, Columbia, No. 4; Fourth, 
 John A. Troxell, Liberty, No. 5 ; Fifth, Dennis 
 D. Shields, Hibernia, No. 6; Sixth, Henry Yheu- 
 lon, Allen, No. 7. 
 
 America Hose Company, No. 2, is located in a 
 three-story brick building, at No. 16 South Sixth 
 street. Two four-wheel hose carriages. One 
 hundred and twenty-three members, with the 
 following officers; President, Jacob S. Reninger ; 
 Secretary, George P. Missimer ; Foreman, Charles 
 Miller. 
 
 Goodwi] Fire Company, No. 3, was organized in. 
 1850, and is now located in a three-story brick 
 building, at the corner of Eighth and Maple streets. 
 Silsby steamer and a one-horse hose carriage. 
 Sixty members, with the following officers: Pres- 
 ident, M. W. Leisenring; Secretary, John P. Oil- 
 linger; Foreman, Henry 0. Keiper. 
 
 Columbia Fire Company, No. 4, was organized! 
 
RESOURCKS OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 101 
 
 in 1852, and is located at No. 714 Hamilton street, 
 in a four-story brick building. Silsby steamer, 
 and a one-horse hose carriage. Fifty-six mem- 
 bers, with the following officers. President, Daniel 
 S. Gift; Secretary, F. J. Strahly ; Foreman, Wal- 
 ter E. Schwartz . 
 
 Liberty Fire Company, No. 5, is located in a two- 
 story brick building, No. 713 Chew street. Silsby 
 steamer, and a four-wheel hose carriage. One 
 hundred and four members, with the following 
 officers : President, Levi Smoyer ; Secretary, 
 George J. Kline ; Foreman, William Burger. 
 
 Hibernia Hose Company, No. 6, is located in a 
 two-story brick building. No. 631 Ridge Road. 
 Pour- wheel hose carriage. Eighty-five members, 
 with the following officers : President, Hugh 
 Crilly; Secretary, Peter Gallagher; Foreman, 
 Daniel McCafferty. 
 
 Allen Fire Company, No. 7, is located in a two- 
 story brick building, No. 132 Linden street. 
 Amoskeag steamer, and a four-wheel hose car- 
 riage. Sixty-four members, with the following 
 officers : President, Henry Yheulon ; Secretary, 
 Allen Fillman ; Foreman, James Butz. 
 
 Rescue Hook and Ladder Company, organized 
 1881. Without building. 
 
 WATER AND GAS. 
 
 The city of Allentown has abundance of good 
 water, and every portion is well supplied there- 
 with, and the streets are thoroughly lighted, oil, 
 however, being used in a greater part of the town 
 in preference to gas. 
 
 The first water works derived the supply from 
 what was then known as Worman's springs, and 
 the same source is still serving the city. The 
 water is very pure, clear as crystal and delight- 
 fully cool throughout the summer, and believed 
 to be inexhaustible. The first company was in- 
 corporated in 1816 as the Northai'ipton Water 
 Company, but was not organized until 1827, and 
 in 1833 the property of the company was valued 
 at $18,000. Some years later it was reorganized 
 as the Allentown Water Company, when tlie 
 " spring property" was purchased. 
 
 This company passed the property over into 
 the hands of the city, and it now forms one of 
 the departments, and directly in charge of the 
 Water Commissioners. The city has two rese- 
 voirs and one stand pipe, the water supplies be- 
 ing two turbine wheels. The daily consumption 
 of water is about one million gallons, except dur- 
 ing the summer months, wlien the streets in vari- 
 ous parts are sprinkled, when the amount exceeds 
 this. There are eighteen miles of street mains, 
 and the number of fireplugs reaches ninety-three. 
 The water works are equal of any city of its size 
 in the State, while the supply of water is abund- 
 ant for all puri)Oses at any season of the year. 
 
 The works of Allen Gas Company were origi- 
 nally owned by a private enterprise, and were 
 the first in the Lehigli Valley. Dr. M. F. Daii- 
 owsky, an enterprising riiizon of thr low ii, in lsi;i 
 
 erected suitable buildings for the manufacture of 
 gas, and supplied it tic a large number of stores 
 and dwellings. In 1852 he made several additions 
 to his works, which greatly increased the facili- 
 ties for manufacturing and "enabled him to sup- 
 ply quite a number of dwellings in the neighbor- 
 ing towns, which he did by means of a large In- 
 dia-rubber bag or tank, placed on a wagon, which 
 was filled at the works, and carted to the houses 
 of his customers, where, by means of a hose, the 
 smaller tanks in the cellars of the consumers were 
 filled." An act of incorporation was obtained by 
 him in 1853, (but he did not work under the char- 
 ter,) and in that year extensive works were erect- 
 ed. In 1858 the Allen Gas Company was formed, 
 and the city is still lighted from the works that 
 were formerly owned by the four gentleman that 
 originated this company. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 The churches of Allentown are nearly all hand- 
 some structures, and in number speak well for 
 the moral and religious standing of the com- 
 munity. Being the largest city in the valley, 
 there are a greater variety of the denominations 
 here than at any other point, and nearly all are 
 represented. The population of the town being 
 comprised largely of German-speaking, there are 
 several churches in which this language is alone 
 used. The first church in Allentown was erected 
 in 1762, and was a Union church of the Lutheran 
 and German Reformed persuasions. In 1767 the 
 Catholics petitioned the Governor for a license to 
 collect the necessary funds for the building of a 
 church, but there is no record that the project 
 was carried out. From time to time as the town 
 increased in population, additional church build- 
 ings were erected and new organizations formed, 
 and at the present time they number twenty- 
 four, to wit: 
 
 Baptist Church, corner Sixth and Chew streets, 
 J. S. James, pastor. 
 
 German Baptist Church, Eighth street, between 
 Turner and Chew, William Desch, pastor. 
 
 Church of the Brethren, First ward ; no meeting 
 house, no pastor. 
 
 Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception, 
 Ridge Road, between Allen and Liberty streets, 
 P. J. Monegan, pastor. 
 
 Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, 
 corner of Fourth and Pine streets, E. 0. Hilter- 
 man, pastor. 
 
 Grace Episcopal Church, corner Fourth and 
 Linden streets. Rev. Mr. Keiph, rector. 
 
 Episcopal Church of the Mediator, corner Al- 
 len and Fourth streets, no pastor. 
 
 St. John's English Reformed Church, corner 
 Fifth and Walnut streets, S. G. Wagner, D.D., 
 pastor. 
 
 Zit)ns German Reformed Church, corner iTane 
 and Church streets, Edwin A. Gernant, pastor. 
 
 Salem's Reformed Church, Chew below Sev- 
 v\\{\i stroet, A. J. G. Dubbs, ])astor. 
 
102 
 
 KKSOUTvCES OF THK LKIIICII VALI.KV, 
 
 dirist's nctuniicd riuucli, Serond street, bo- 
 twivii Haiiiiltou and Linden, Cliarlcs Fritziiif^er, 
 ])ast()r. 
 
 Chuivh of the United Brethren in Christ, Lin- 
 den street, below NMntii, J. H. .Maik.s, pastor. 
 
 Free Metliodist, Eightii and Chew streets, Jacob 
 W <>]{', pastor. 
 
 St. Michael's Lutheran Church, coi-uer Ninth 
 and Turner streets, B. Schniauk, jiastor. 
 
 St. I'eter's German Lutheran Church, corner 
 Itidge and Chew streets, llev. Geo. F. Gartner, 
 ]>astor. 
 
 Mennonite Church, First Ward, no edifice or 
 )«a>tor. 
 
 Linden Street M. E. Cliurch, corner Linden anil 
 Law streets, Wilmer Coffiuau, pastor. 
 
 Chew Street M. E. Cliurcli, ('hew street al>ove 
 Third ; no pa,stor. 
 
 El)enezer Evangelical Cliurch, Turner street, 
 below I'jleventh, .J. A. Fegar, pastor 
 
 Sulenrs Evangelical Church, Linden street above ' 
 Ninth, B. F. Bihner, pa.stor. 
 
 First-ward Evangelical Church, Turner street 
 below Third, W. K. Wieand, pastor. 
 
 Lii^erty Street Evangelical Church, Liberty 
 street above Eighth, ]>. H. -Miller, ] astor. 
 
 St. .John's English Lutheran Church, corner 
 •Seventh and Maple, Keulicn Hill, ]iastor. 
 
 St. Paul's Gerniaii Lutheran Church, Eigiith 
 street above Walnut, C. 11. Hay, pastor, 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 Allentowii has always possessed the very best 
 sciiools, and her public school edifices of to- 
 day are of a very high order. The history of the 
 ]>ublic .sell >ols reaches back to the early days of 
 the settlement of Northampton (Allentown) and 
 the fii-st house used exclusively for school pur- 
 poses was Zion's German Reformed Church, 
 whicli %vas converted from a church into a school 
 liou.se in 17S3. The fii"st scii'ool-house erected as 
 such was an octogan, with steeple and bell. All the 
 .'-chools continued for a term of three months, 
 parents or guardians paying at the rate of tifty 
 cents a month for each child. These schools were 
 succeeded by more i)retentious efforts at educa- 
 tion, and in 1873 a .school for girls was opened. 
 March, 1814, the Allentown Academy was char- 
 tered, but it was several years thereafter before 
 the school was organized. Afterwards the Acade- 
 my at once stepped into the very front rank of 
 the schools of this city, and occupied this posi- 
 tion for many years. The first Ladies Seminary 
 was opened May 16, 1831. Night schools were 
 maintained from 1813 up the close of 1834, and 
 there were generally very well attended. 
 
 In 1824 the act was passed jiroviding for the 
 instruction of the poor at the expense of the 
 County, and Septemlier 12, 1834, ten years after 
 its passage, at a meeting held in Xorthanipton. 
 (Allentown,) rcnililtions were passed approving 
 of its provisions, and at the next election the es- 
 tablishment of such schools were ordered bv a 
 
 vot(! of the pcipplc. In 1840 the school employed 
 one teacher, aiul during the year following there 
 were six enifiloyed, three gentlemen and three 
 ladies. 
 
 In 1849 an effort was iiui<le to have a general 
 sui)erintendeiitof theschoolsa})pointed, althougVi 
 there were only ten teaclyrs emj)loyi'd, and Feb- 
 ]-uary 18,37, at a public meeting of teachers, direct- 
 ors, and friends of education, the matter of dis- 
 trict suj)erintendents was again agitated. In 1854 
 the first county superintendtuit was elected, and 
 the schools of Allentown showed a marked im- 
 provement after this wise move. 
 
 The first scliool house erected by the Board of 
 l)ir(>ctors of Allentown was in 1858, when they 
 built what was then known as the North Ward 
 school building, on Turner sti'eet above Eighth. 
 I'reviotis to this all the schools were kept in 
 buildings erected for other purposes, but pur- 
 chased by the Board and converted into school 
 houses. In the following year a seperate high 
 school for each se.v was established, and this was 
 the first of the grading from one department to 
 another of the scholars, but it was several years 
 before it reached a satisfactory working con- 
 dition. 
 
 The Allentown Academy <luring this entire 
 period maintained a flourishing existence, but 
 with its removal in 1865, its sun began to go be- 
 hind the horizon, and in 1868 its light was en- 
 tirely extinguished. 
 
 With the year 186G a new era in the ctliua- 
 tional history of Alleiitowu began. The various 
 educational forces having attained their full de- 
 velopment, now rapidly assumed their final 
 form, and the entire borough was then made into 
 one district; it jireviously having comprised two. 
 A new Board was selected, and in May, 1867, laid 
 the corner stone of a new school house in the 
 Fifth ward. So great was the want of room 
 during the term of 1867-78, that rooms outside of 
 the school building wen- brought into use. In 
 February, 1868, the Board elected a city superinten- 
 dent, and tlie schools became better systematized. 
 
 The first high school commencement was held 
 in 1869, and the first diplomas were awarded to 
 the class of 1870. In 1870 a new school liouse 
 was erected in the Sixtli ward, and one in the 
 Fourth ward in 1S72, while on the other hand the 
 inisafe condition of those in the Second and 
 Third wards rendered their remodeling necessary, 
 and the same cause also necessitated the erection 
 of a new building in the First ward in 1874. 
 
 At the iiresent time the public school system 
 of Allentowii is unsurpassed, and as previously 
 stated the buildings arc models of architecture, 
 and thoroughly cciuij)ped with all modern im- 
 provements to enhance the prosecution of educa- 
 tion. 
 
 iMt'lILKNBEBG COLLEGi;. 
 
 This institution, that has done so much to give 
 .\lleiitown a name throughotit the country, is 
 
Ttp:F!OTTnri':>; of tiik ia'aiuhi valley. 
 
 103 
 
 (ocateiiupon an olfvaterl juii-t of tlic city, at the 
 corner of Fourtli and Walnut streets. It was 
 originally openod in 184s t)y the Keverned C. R. 
 KrcRslor, as tiic AllcMitown Seminary, and it soon 
 outrivaled tlie Academy of that time, and as- 
 .*nmed larjier ]>roportions, both as regards popu- 
 lar support and extent of course i if study. It was 
 the intention of its founders to make it a teach- 
 ers school, hut the importan(!e of such an insti- 
 tution was not appreciated, ])eeause, a-* a writer 
 says, "the thought was in advance of the age." 
 A few years later it was converted into a fii-st- 
 class classical school for boarders and dav--'ili(il- 
 
 ars, and continued as such until 1864, when its 
 title and organization was changed in "accordance 
 with the poi)uiar demand and the spirit of the 
 times,"' U) tliat of the AUentown Collegiate and 
 Military Institute, chartered with collegiate 
 powers and privileges by the Legislature of Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 In 18tJ7 it was closed as a Millitary Institute, to 
 he opened as Muhlenberg OoUege, under the 
 presidency of l>r. F. Muhlenberg, a decendent of 
 the venerable Homy Mechoir Muhlenberg, the 
 founder of the Lutheran Church of America, 
 after wlmm the institution was named. 
 
 VIKW OF ALLENTOW 
 The building was erected by Messrs. Pretz and 
 Weinshimer, two enterprising merchants of Al- 
 lentown, about the year 185o. The grounds sur- 
 rounding the building is the last remnant of the 
 great nuinor of Justice Allen. The school is in 
 charge of the Lutherans, but the scholars are not 
 restricted to any denomination, and the atten- 
 dance during the i>ast few years has been quite 
 large. 
 
 The present principal Rev. Dr. Stadler, is an 
 «Sl'ient educator, and lie has associated with 
 
 N TICMALE COLLEiiE. 
 
 him in the work a faculty of eminent and earnest 
 workers. 
 
 -M.r.K.NTOWX FEMAI.K COLLEGE. 
 
 This college is one of the prominent institutions 
 of the Valley, and is a very important factor iu 
 l>romoting the advancement of the educational 
 interests of this section of the .State. It is first 
 class in every respect, and was founded in the 
 year 18G7, under the auspicesof the East Pennsyl- 
 vania Cla.ss of the Reformed Church, and it is 
 controlled by a Boani of Trustees regularly ap- 
 
104 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH YAT.LEY. 
 
 pointed by the church and the stocklinlders. The 
 board is composed of some of the best citizens of 
 Allen town and vicinity. The college is under the 
 charge of Rev. W. R. HofFord, A. M., as President, 
 under whose management it has stadily main- 
 tained a high standard and won tlie hearty con- 
 fidence of those best acquainted with its merits. 
 The President is also teaclier of the Latin lan- 
 guage and Cliristian science, and his assistants in 
 the various departments are instructors of marked 
 ability and learning. 
 
 The object of the founders of AUentown Fe- 
 male College was to found an institution in wliich 
 excellence in scholarship, and the highest attain- 
 ments in arts and accomplishments are to be 
 combined with a thorough Christian education. 
 This object has been more than fulfilled, and the 
 college has supplied a want previously much felt 
 among the better portion of the community of 
 AUentown. Since its opening, over fourteen 
 years ago, it has maintained its reputation for 
 the thoroughness of its organization, and disci- 
 pline, and excellence of its training, as witnessed 
 in the character and attainments of the young 
 ladies it has sent out. 
 
 The site of the college is in the suburbs of Al- 
 lentown, and is spoken of as one of the prettiest 
 and most healthful sites to be found in Pennsyl- 
 vania. The country about the town is rolling, 
 and the scenery in the vicinity presents in va- 
 riety and character much to please the eye ; the 
 atmosphere is pure and the location consequently 
 highly condutive to good health. 
 
 The college building, of wliich we give an il- 
 lustration, is a large and imposing structure, five 
 stories in height, and has a wide and beautiful 
 veranda extending all around the building, wliile 
 the interior is commodious, and contains all 
 modern conveniences. The different rooms 
 throughout are heated with furnaces, and lighted 
 by gas from the same source that supplies the 
 town. The college is enclosed by a beautiful 
 lawn or grove, and the young ladies have ample 
 scope here, in mild weather, for all necessaay 
 rec^eation and exercise. 
 
 The course of study is in two departments, the 
 academic and collegiate, and the collegiate de- 
 partment is composed of tln-ee classes, the junior, 
 middle and senior class. The studies in all the 
 classes of both departments are comprehensive 
 and include everything taughtin the best schools 
 and seminaries in the country. Essays on sub- 
 jects chosen by the instructors are required 
 through the wliole course. Parents who desire 
 only a partial course to bp pursued by tlieir 
 daughters, may select such branches as may be 
 deemed most advantageous. 
 
 The college has a capacify for over one hun- 
 dred young lady students. Rev. W. R. Hoiford, 
 was elected President in the year 1868. He, 
 as well as the teachers assot'iated witii him, spare 
 no pains to make the institution perfect in every 
 respect, and to give tlie students the best advan- 
 
 tages to acquire a first class tuition in every sub- 
 ject taught. The young ladies who attended the 
 college are the daughters of prominent business 
 and professional men of AUentown, and of other 
 towns in the State. The object of the institution 
 is not alone to impai-t an education in the con- 
 tracted sense of the term, but to mould the char- 
 ter of the pupils by instilling all the refining' 
 influences of religious and moral training, so pre- 
 paring the young lady at her entrance into society 
 to be really what she should be — an educated, re- 
 fined, polished and noble Christian woman. 
 
 ALLENTOWN BUSINESS COLLEGE. 
 
 This Business College is comparatively of re- 
 cent foundation, having been first opened in Feb- 
 ruary, 1869, and is now under the charge of Pro- 
 fessor W. L. Blackman.a gentleman abundantly- 
 qualified to conduct a school of this kind. It is 
 located on Hamilton street, above Eighth. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The city is well sixpplied with good newspapers, 
 many of which have attained large circulation, 
 and are recognized as imj)ortant factors in 
 moulding public opinion. Tliere are more suc- 
 cessful papers in the German language published 
 here than in any city in the State, outside of 
 Philadelphia and Pittsburg. The list comprises 
 the following papers. 
 
 AUentown J9eHioc;-a/;,(English) weekly; estaljlish- 
 ed in 1830 ; published by Harris & Ruhe. 
 
 City /i!e?/i,(English), morning daily; established 
 in 1878; published by Item Publishing Company. 
 
 Chronicle and Newn, (Engiisli), afternoon daily ]. 
 established. Chronicle in 1870, and News in 18fi'>, 
 now consolidated ; published by Robert Iredell, 
 Jr. 
 
 Lehigh Register, (English,) weekly; established 
 in 1848; published by Robert Iredell, Jr. 
 
 Unabhaengigcr Repuhlikaner, (German,) weekly- 
 established, 1810; published by Rinn & Schlecter. 
 
 Welt Bote, (German,) weekly; established in. 
 1855; published by Leisenring, Tre.xler & Co. 
 
 Friedens-Bote, (German,) weekly; established 
 1812; published by Leisenring, Trexler & Co. 
 
 Lecha-Bote, (German,) tri-weekly; established 
 in 1874; published by Leisenring, Trexler & Co. 
 
 Jugend jR-eK;u7, (German,) monthly; established 
 in 1847; published by Probst, Diehl & Co. 
 
 Herold and Zeitschrift, (German,) weekly; estab- 
 lished in 1857; published by Probst, Diehl & Co. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 The first bank established in AUentown, waa 
 the Northampton Bank, which started in 1814, 
 but failed in 1843, having the most serious ef- 
 fect on business. Other banks have since been 
 incorporated, and at the present time the city has 
 two: AUentown National Bank, William Saeger, 
 President; located at the corner of North Seventh 
 street and Centre Square. Second National Bank,. 
 W. H. Ainy, President; present location on 
 Hamilton, street below Sixth. Tliis bank has a 
 handsome new building nearly completed at the 
 
RESOURCES OF THE I.EIIIGH VALLEY. 
 
 105 
 
 corner of Sonth Seventh street and Centre 
 Square. 
 
 SOCIETIES AND SOCIAL CLUBS. 
 
 Few towns of its size contain so many socie- 
 ties as are found here, the nuiubcr of secret and 
 social organizations being very large. The 
 former comprises representatives of nearly all 
 the societies in the State, and as a rule they all 
 have large membersliip and are in sound finan- 
 cial condition. 
 
 The leading social organization is the Amer- 
 icus Club, who liave an elegantly-furnished suite 
 of rooms on the second floor of Kramer's build- 
 ing, corner Sixth and Hamilton streets. To this 
 club belong a large number of the leading men 
 of the city, and its effect upon the community 
 has been for its improvement. 
 
 Another prominent club is that named after 
 the martyred President Lincoln, and have rooms 
 on Hamilton street, furnished in the most com- 
 fortable manner. 
 
 The St. Leger club is an organization composed 
 of young men, either in attendance at the college 
 or graduates thereof, and is conducted in such a 
 way as to be of great benefit to its membership. 
 
 Private reading rooms are numerous through- 
 out the city, several of the secret societies, notably 
 the Masons, providing their members with this 
 means of entertainment. The fire companies 
 have all handsomely furnished parlors for read- 
 ing and social purposes, several of them possess- 
 ing libraries and music. 
 
 MUSICAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Lehigh Saengerbund, a prominent musical 
 society of Allen town, was organized about 1853 
 for vocal culture, and has now a membership of 
 about seventy male voices. The rooms are at 533 
 Hamilton street, and here they have a good sized 
 hall fitted up with stage and scenery. They 
 occasionally give concerts and light operas, and 
 attract upon these occasions a large number of 
 their friends. Their officers are : president, John 
 G. Roder ; secretary and treasurer, Louis Jur- 
 gens ; niusicial director, "Waldermer Grossman. 
 
 Allentown Cornet Band, a popular organiza- 
 tion, was started in 1837 and now number 
 twenty-five pieces. Their first leader was W. H. 
 H. Mcnninger, who continued until 1877, since 
 when they have had several different leaders. 
 From the spring of 1878, Prof. W. Grossman has 
 been their musicial director, and they are now 
 considered one of the b&st bands in this section 
 of the State. They were engaged to perform at 
 various Centennial concerts in Ohio and New 
 Jersey, and make a specialty of giving free con- 
 certs in Allentown once each week. 
 
 The National Band dates its organization with 
 1875, when they were known as the Centennial 
 Cornet Band, which name they retained until it 
 was re-organized in 1879. They are uniformed 
 and number twenty pieces, under the leadership 
 of R. A. Roth. Their first leader was Joseph 
 
 Smith, who was succeeded by the present gentle- 
 man. 
 
 The prominent hall for entertainments is the 
 Academy of Music, located on Hamilton street, 
 between Eighth and Ninth, and was erected in 
 1870 by Hagenbaugh Bros. In 1880 it was re- 
 built by Mr. J. B. Hagenbaugh, the present 
 owner, who considerably improved its interior 
 arrangements. The stage is large, with a full 
 equipment of scenery, and theroom has a seating 
 capacity of 1,000. 
 
 MEDICAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 The first American College of Homoepathy in 
 America w^is establislu-d in Allentown. It had 
 its inception in the regular weekly meetings of a 
 few physicians residing in this vicinity, who 
 when the system was first discovered were in the 
 habit of meeting for tlie purpose of conparing 
 notes. Among them were Dr. William Wessel- 
 hocft, then at Bath, (now dead); Dr. Henry Dett- 
 weiler, now of Easlon; Dr. Hering, Rev. John Hel- 
 freich,and others. The result of the meeting was the 
 "Homcjepathic Society of Northampton and ad- 
 jacent counties," organized August, 23, 1834, 
 and had for its object the advancement of Homoe- 
 pathy among themselves. The Academy was 
 founded April 10, 1835, Hahnemann's birthday, 
 of which Dr. Constant Hering was the first Pres- 
 ident, but through lack of sufficient funds it did 
 not long continue. In this connection it should 
 be mentioned that the first dose of Homcepathic 
 Medicine administered in this State was given at 
 Allentown, July 24. 1828, by Dr. Dettweiler. 
 
 The Lehigh Valley Homcepathic Medical So- 
 ciety has its head-quarters in Allentown, and 
 comprises the territory from Easton to Mauch 
 Chunh. It was organized April 7, 1881, with the 
 following officers ; President, Dr. Samuel Yoder, 
 Catasauqua ; Secretary, Dr. F. J. Slough, Allen- 
 town, and now has twelve members. Dr. Slough 
 is also Secretary of the Homcepathic Pharmaceu- 
 tical Society of Pennsylvania. 
 
 ALLEN RIFLES, CO. D. 
 
 On tlie 6th day of August,lS49, a number of the 
 citizens of Allentown, met for the purpose of or- 
 ganizing a military company, and on that day 
 adopted the name "Lehigh Fencibles." This 
 organization remained in a prosperous condition 
 for nearly one year under Captain Thomas Yeager. 
 Subsequently, on tlie 10th day of July, 1850, the 
 "Lehigh Fencibles," having ceased to exist 
 another company was funned under tlie name of 
 "Allen Rifles, " most of the men who were 
 formerly of the "Fencibles" joining, and aiding 
 in the organization, electing Tilghman H. Good, 
 (now Colonel commanding Fourth Regiment N. 
 G. P.) as Captain. 
 
 April 13, 1801, two days previous to the call of 
 President Lincoln for troops, the citizens of 
 Lehigh and Northampton counties called a pub- 
 lic meeting at Easton "to consider tlie posture of 
 1 affairs and to take measures for the support of the 
 
lOR 
 
 REsoritcRs OF TiiK i,Ki[i<;ri v.\u,i:y, 
 
 N'atioiial Government." At tliis meeting the 
 First Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers wa^ 
 formed. The captain of the "Allen Rifles," (Col. 
 T. H. Good) was chosen Lieutenant Colonel 
 of the regiment, in conjunction with Captain 
 ^Samuel Yohe, of Easton, as Colonel, and Thomas 
 W. Lynn, as Major. The "Allen Rifles," having 
 by this transaction lost their captain, quickly 
 proceeded to form themselves into a new com- 
 pany, retaining, however, tlie name "Allen 
 Ritles," and on the 18th of April, 1861, left for 
 Harrisburg, and Avere there mustered into the 
 s«irvice on April 20, 1861, as (>)rapany I, Fii-st 
 R»;giment, P. V., being in all eighty-one men and 
 ofHcers. 
 
 Having served their three months' time they 
 returned to Harrisburg, where the men were hon- 
 OKvbly disirharged and mustered out of service 
 with the regiment on July 23, 1861. After a 
 few weeks out of service the Forty-seventh Reg- 
 iment, P. v., was formed, with Captain T. H. 
 Good at its head as Colonel, and a large 
 part of the membei-s of the "Allen Rifles" joined 
 "th»> regiment, while the others soon re-enlisted 
 in the Fifty-fourth, P. V., and other regiments. 
 All but a few of the men received commissions 
 during the war, ranking them from Lieutenant to 
 Colonel. After the war was over those still living 
 were honorably discharged and returned to their 
 homes, and on June 30th, 1870, the company was 
 reorganized under the old name, T. H, Good as 
 Captain; Andrew C. Nagel, First Lieutenant ; and 
 Charles Mertz, Second Lieutenant. 
 
 Subsequently, Captain Good, having again been 
 promoted to the rank of Colonel, First Lieuten- 
 ant Andrew C. Nagel was elected Captain and 
 commissioned October 12th, 1871, with Charles 
 Mertz as First Lieutenant, and James R. Roney, 
 as Second Lieutenant. In 1876 Lieutenant Roney 
 was promoted to the rank of Major and A. D. C. 
 on Second Division Staff, (Gen. Bolton command- 
 ing,) and Oscar T. Hoifnum was elected to fill the 
 vacancy. When the labor riots broke out in 
 1877, the "Allen Rifles" were stationed at Al- 
 lentown Fair Grounds, and together with the 
 otiier companies of the Fourth were marched 
 tlirough that famous cut on the Philadelphia and 
 Reading Railroad, at Reading, Pennsylvania, 
 quelling the rioters successfully. They were also 
 stationed in readiness at Harrisburg in case of 
 necessity, and together with Company B of the 
 Fourth came back to Allentown in time to pre- 
 vent riot then brewing at tliat place. 
 
 On May 5th, 1870, Captain Andrew C. Nagel, 
 resigned, and on June 10th, 1879, Major James R. 
 Roney was e!ecre<l Captain. On the 28th day of 
 Julj^ 1880, Lieutenant John L. Stiles resigned 
 and on September llth, 1880, Lieutenant Hoff- 
 man died. On November 26th, 1880, an election 
 was held when Sergeant Major A. J. Reichard 
 wa-s elected First liieutenant, and I'^irst Sergeant, 
 AVilliam 1). Miekley, Second Lieutenant. 
 
 This com[)any is now in a prosperous condi- 
 
 tion, with lifiy-t'our men and tlie following offi- 
 cers : James R. Roney, Captain ; A. J. Reichard, 
 Fir-st Lieutenant ; William D. Mickley, Second 
 Lieutenant; H. A. Weller, First Sergeant. 
 
 The company's armory is situated on theSoutli- 
 east side of Centre Square. (Kline's Hall) in the 
 city of Allentown. 
 
 ALLEN CO>TI>-EXTALS, CO. B. 
 
 The Allen Continentals, or Company B., Founth 
 Regiment, P. N. G., were organized June 21, 1860, 
 as the Allen Zouavos, C. D. Lehr. Captain, and 
 with about forty-three men, including commis- 
 sioned officers. The first appearance in public, 
 beyond the local turnouts, was at the annual en- 
 campment in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, 
 during the Centennial, when they appeared in 
 Continental uniforms, and were the only com- 
 pany in this distinguishing dress. During the 
 year previous, 1875, they had discarded the name 
 of Zouaves, and selected that of Continentals, at 
 the same time ordering the new uniforms that 
 attracted so general attention diiring the Centen- 
 nial encampment. 
 
 During the riots of 1877 the Continentals, as 
 Company B., done good service in protecting 
 property, and were highly com]>limented by 
 those in authority. They were among the troops 
 that i^issed througli the memorable "deep cut" 
 in Reading, and sustained considerable injury at 
 the hands of the rioters, twenty-one of the com- 
 pany being wounded by the missies. 
 
 This Company is one of the most remarkable 
 in the State, and upon several occasions has stood 
 alone in proficiency, being for several years the 
 only military organization inspected by State 
 autliorities that reached the average of 100, which 
 indicates perfection in all departments. This has 
 been maintained year after year, leading the 
 crack companies of Philadelphia, that have had 
 an organization for a much longer ixn-iod than 
 they. 
 
 Captain Lehr, the present efficient command- 
 ing officer, has always held this commission 
 since the starting of the Company, with the ex- 
 ception of three months, when he was elected 
 Major of the P'ourth Regiment. He is the rank- 
 ing captain in this regiment, and his commission 
 is No. 6 in date in the State. 
 
 The Company contemplate having a new 
 armory, the present one on Linden street not 
 being sufficient in size for all the requirements. 
 It is proposed to rebuild the market house, the 
 second floor of which will be used by the Com- 
 pany, making an armory of elegant proportions. 
 
 Tlic present commissioned officers are, Captain, 
 S. D. Lehr; First Lieutenant, George B. Roth; 
 Secomi liieutenant, J. S. Ycager. 
 
 FAIK GROUNDS. 
 
 The grounds of the Lehigh County Agricultural 
 Society are located in this city, on a eligible site, 
 with a commanding view of the surrounding 
 countrv. The fairs of this society were the first 
 
EESOntrKP OF THE T.F.IIIGH VAT.T.KY. 
 
 1()7 
 
 of the l<in-l ostal)lislio.l in tlic l.(lii};li V;il!cy. it 
 l)oing <^r>>anizc(i in 1852. The rti-st fnir was liclil 
 in that ytar, and continnt-d for t\v<i day?:, and 
 was snccessfnl hcvdnd tlic hopes of its warnu-st 
 friends. Ea<h year since that tinie they liave 
 held tlie fair, and jt is now one of the hirgest at- 
 tended, as well as the best in all its departments 
 in the State. ThcSoeiety own their jrrounds. and 
 have erected npon it handsome huildings. It is 
 sittiated in the subnrbs of the city, npon elevat<»<l 
 ^ronnd, and at its main entrance i.^ a beantifvil 
 little oHice and convenient gateways'for ingress. 
 Dnrijig the continuance of the fair in t lie fall of 
 the year it attracts to Allentown thousands of 
 visitors, n<it only from the entire county, but 
 varii 11-: portions of the 8tatc. 
 
 RAILROADS, CANALS, ETC. 
 
 In prospecting for place of location for capital 
 and industry, the question is at once asked, 
 "What conjmunication is there with the outside 
 world ?" and a very timely interrogation it nat- 
 urally appears to be. In this respect Allentown 
 offers very superior advantages, and those de- 
 sirous of advancing their own interest by placing 
 their cajiital in the enterprises located in the 
 prf>}>er place, would do well to consider what it 
 has to offer. In the first place, the Lehigh Valley 
 Railroad connects the city by double track with 
 the great metropolis of the nation^New York, 
 and the next in importance, Philadelphia. The 
 otficers of thisro.adare alive to the interests of the 
 Valley, and ever ready and willing to do their ut- 
 most to promote the prosperity of this place, 
 their most important source of revenue outside of 
 the through business. 
 
 Tlie Lehigh and Susquehanna Division of the 
 New Jersey Central Railroad has its doTible track 
 upon the opposite side of the river, and in con- 
 junction with the Valley Road, give to Allentown 
 two connections with the great consuming cities 
 of the P]a.st aJid Southeast and producing regions 
 of the North and Northwest. 
 
 Another factor is the East Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road, which brings the city in close communica- 
 tion with the larger cities of the interior of the 
 State — Reading, Harrisburg, and Lancaster. This 
 road connects at Reading, via. Columbia and 
 York, with the Northern Central to the South. 
 
 The Perkionien Railroad serves as a route to 
 Philadelphia, via. the Lower Schuylkill Valley, 
 and gives Allentown a competing line to that point. 
 
 The Canal of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation 
 Comp.nny passes the city on the east side of the 
 Lehigh, and forms a very important addition to 
 fiio advantages offered to mantifacturersand busi- 
 ness men. It runs to Easton, where connection 
 is made with the Morris and Essex Caiial to New 
 York and Delaware Division Canal toPhiladolphia. 
 
 BRIDGES. 
 
 In giving a sketch of AUentown's growth, a 
 place should be accorded to the bridges that form 
 a striking part of the town. The bridge over 
 
 .Jordan creek, at Hamiltun street, is one of ttie 
 largest of the kind in the State, and Wivs built by 
 the county in IH.'^T. It is about l.M>ti feet long, 
 50 feet high, and consists of nineteen st/>n<^ 
 arches. The JAliigh river at this place is crossed 
 by a hanilsoine iron bridge, erected a few years 
 ago, which is a very stibstantial and attractive 
 structure. The first one b\ult at this point 
 was erected in 181L'. and was a chain bridge. 
 This stood until burned down in April l.l, WJX, 
 and was replaced with a second, and this sn(- 
 cumbed to another element, water, it being 
 washed away by the great freshet in 1841. The 
 bridge; that the present one replaced was built in 
 that year. 
 
 PROMINENT INnrSTRIES. 
 
 Following these piiges will be found a full review 
 of the various industries of the city, but the 
 writer desires at this point only to call attention 
 to a few of the more prominent ones. The silk 
 works, located near the Hamilton street bridge 
 over the Jordan, is the first of the kind in the 
 Valley, and attracts the attention of every visitor 
 to the place. The building was erected during 
 the present year (1881), and is a commodious and 
 well furnished structure. When in successful 
 operation will employ about eight hundred hands, 
 and its progress will be watched with much in- 
 terest. 
 
 The largest industry is that of the Allentown 
 Rolling Mill Company, a stock company with a 
 capital of .$2,W»0,0()0, and employing 1,(XX> men. 
 It uses, almost exclusively, the pig iron made in 
 its own furnaces, and has a capacity of 30,0(K) 
 tons per annum. It also manufactures engines 
 and other machinery. The company in 1872 
 bought out the Roberts Iron Company, whose 
 capacity is 17,000 tons of pig iron per annum. It 
 also purchased other extensive shops and works, 
 among them the Lehigh Rolling Mill. 
 
 The Allentown Iron Works have five furnaces, 
 and have a capacity of 1,050 tons of pig iron per 
 week. They own and operate extensive ore beds, 
 and at the works give employment to 600 men. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 In the foregoing pagis has been given an epito- 
 mizedsketch of thegrowth of Allentown, and the 
 present appearance and advantages of the town 
 as a place of location for industries of all kinds. 
 It can be well said that few places upon the 
 broad acres of our great Commonwealth present 
 so many inviting claims to those contemplating 
 going into the producing business, a fact that is 
 so well proven by the number that are already 
 successfully engaged within its limits. Our space 
 has been much too small for the subject, an»l we 
 have been compelled to leave unsaid aiany things 
 that rose up before us and demanded consider- 
 ation. But suffice, pages could yet be written 
 of the delightful city, and still the visitor in per- 
 sonally investigating its unrivalled adaptation 
 for home and business, would say "the half has 
 not been told me." 
 
SLLENTOWN AND VICINITY. 
 
 In one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the State; in proximity to the great iron and coal 
 producing sections; convenient by reason of numerous railroads to every point in State and Country, 
 ^nd at the confluence of the Lehigh river with Little Lehigh and Jordan creeks, is located the manu- 
 facturing metropolis of the jjicturesque Lehigh Valley — the city of Allentown. It is a city of recent 
 growth, but nevertheless in the short period of its prosperity has attained a prominence that ranks it 
 among the principal producing centres of this great Commonwealth. As a place of business — manu- 
 facturing or mercantile — it possesses unsurpassed advantages, and as they become better known, 
 will very greatly enhance the number of industries already situated there. The following pages con- 
 tain a brief review of the various enterprises that are daily adding to the city's wealth as a producing 
 centre, and at the same time clearly show the adaptability of this as a purchasing point for all necessa- 
 ries. In the number appended, no business house that has any particular bearing upon the growth 
 and prosperity of the town has been willfully omitted. 
 
 BARBER, KEISER & CO., 
 
 MaNUFACTUEERS of TUKBINE WATER WHEELS, 
 
 Bark Mills, Engines, Boilers, Mining and 
 Mill Gearing, Third and Walnut Streets. 
 This establishment, a tribute to the admiuistrative 
 ability of its proprietors, dates back to the year 1841, 
 when it was started by Thomas Barber's father of one 
 of the present owners, and while its style has been sev- 
 eral times changed, the Barbers have always been 
 connected with it. Its history of forty years of active 
 operation marks a period of rapid advancement in the 
 arts, in that class which it represents. This house is 
 the equal, in superiority of workmanship, of any in the 
 coxmtry. The principal products of the works are Tur- 
 bine Water Wheels, Bark Mills, Engines, Boilers and 
 Mill Gearing, which business has been pushed with so 
 much skill and success that their work reaches all parts 
 of the United States and to many places in Europe. 
 In the matter of Turbine Water Wheels it would be 
 safe to say that no subject of improvement has been 
 more prominently and persistently put before the 
 millers of the whole laud than the claims of the diifer- 
 ent makers. How many of them ever brought their 
 makers into repute and can to-day be rauked among 
 the first-class ones, it would be an easy matter to com- 
 pute. The worthless or second-class wheels of this 
 country are numbered by the dozens. Since the inven- 
 tion of the Turbine Wheel by Few Jouval, a French- 
 man, each year has given birth to some new idea or 
 improvement, until to-day it may be said perfection 
 has been attained. The wheel made by this firm 
 is the " Wolf Improved Eureka Turbine Water Wheel, " 
 the patents on which range in date from October 29th, 
 1868, to March 14th, 1876. As a motor it has been re- 
 markably successful, in competions with many wheels 
 it has sustained its excellence in every case, beyond 
 successful contradiction. Its record of power is high, 
 and seems from its published description to have been 
 so regarded by Emerson, at Holyoke, who, in his cor- 
 respondence, expresses the opinion that it is the best 
 wheel. This gentleman is now on bad terms with the 
 firm, for reasons which they set forth in their cata- 
 logue, but whether his position is friendly or not, the 
 time has gone by when he could stop its sale or injure 
 its reputation, and a careful persual of all the corres- 
 
 pondence in the matter must forever set public opinion 
 in favor of the " Wolf Improved Eureka. " 
 
 Outside of this its work is an evidence of its worth, 
 and the vigor with which its points of excellence are 
 defended and maintained is freely justified by careful 
 and authentic tests, and the hundreds of testimonials 
 from the mills of the whole country. A description is 
 here appended. 
 
 The wheel is cast in one piece; the inside register 
 gate in one piece, with guides attached; the outside 
 register gate in one piece, with draft tube attached, 
 (on the smaller sizes,) making the three principal parts 
 of the wheel consist of but few pieces. It is next to an 
 impossibility for it to get out of order. There is no net 
 work of wrought iron bolts, rods or springs to rust off; 
 and every point is more perfectly protected from foreign 
 matter, such as sticks, weeds, sand, etc., than any other 
 wheel in existence. The sliding hinged gates and the 
 rack and pinion are protected by covers. The gates a-re 
 so evenly balanced by the pressure of the water, that 
 a child can start or stop the wheel. There no joints of 
 gum or leather to wear out, but every joint is made by 
 the turned surface of another piece, forming a gate that 
 will absolutely leak less than any other in the market. 
 
 It takes its water horizontally and is a downward 
 discharging wheel, and possesses many points of excel- 
 lence, which form an interesting feature for the con- 
 sideration of millers, etc. The firm display skill and 
 energy in the manner of advertising their work and 
 neat catalogues, ^vherein full and intelligent explana- 
 tions are made of all their work. 
 
 Among the other specalties of the works are Bark 
 Mills and Mill and Mining Machinery and all work 
 common to such extensive machine shops. They 
 consist of Foundry, Boiler Shop, Machine Shop, 
 Blacksmith Shop, and Pattern Shop. They employ 
 eighty hands and do a large annual business. Their 
 trade extends to the South and East and into Canada. 
 They are supplied with valuable and substantial ma- 
 chinery which is driven by a thirty horse power en- 
 gine. Mr. W. H. Barber and Bernhard Keiser are both 
 natives of Allentown, are thorough business men, con- 
 duct one of the largest establishments of its kind in the 
 State and by their enterprise conduce much to the 
 popularity of this section as a point for manufacture. 
 
RESOURf'ES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 109 
 
 E. M. EARLE, 
 
 Proprietor of Ai.i.entown City Steam Soap 
 AND Candle Works, Union Street, Opposite 
 L. V. R. R. Depot. 
 
 One of the largest manufacturers of Soaps in the Le- 
 high Valley is Mr. E. M. Earle, proprietor of the Al- 
 lentown City Steam Soap and Candle Works. Though 
 ■established by Mr. E. as late as 1876, they have become 
 prominent for the production of excellent Laundry 
 Soap.s and high-class Toilet Soaps. 
 
 The plant of the house, which is remarkably well 
 equipped, commodious and conveniently situated, oc- 
 <;upies an area of twenty-four by eighty-five feet, the 
 building having two stories and basements, and being 
 supplied with a steam engine of fifteen and boiler of 
 sixty horse power, which is requi-site for moving the 
 ■machinery for boiling and for healing pvirposes. The 
 works produce about 200,000 pounds of soap and about 
 100,000 pounds of candles per annum, all of which finds 
 a ready market in the Lehigh Valley, Schuylkill coal re- 
 gions, and Central New Jersey. Four employees are 
 •engaged, all of whom are experienced men in the 
 manufacture of soaps. Mr. Earle gives his personal 
 Attention to the business, and has succeeded in the five 
 years of his enterprise in securing a large wholesale 
 trade, which finds that the articles of his manufacture 
 ■&xe of superior worth and merit. The office is connected 
 with all parts of the city by telephone, that facilitates 
 the receipt of ordei-s, and at the same time, illustrating 
 the enterprise of the proprietor. 
 
 Mr. Earle was born in Catasauqua in 18-W, and at the 
 age of twenty-one years entered into the present busi- 
 ness, the success of which stamps him as one of the 
 most enterprising young manufacturers in the valley. 
 
 W. R. HICKS, 
 
 Mani'factueer and Inventor of Hicks' Ce- 
 Ment and Dealer in Belting, No. 9 North 
 Sixth Street. 
 In the great diversity of manufacturing enterprises 
 which are located in Alleutown the manufacturer of 
 belting and belting cement seems one singularly well 
 placed. None but the experienced can form any cor- 
 rect idea of the extent to which these articles enter in- 
 to the make-up of our mills and furnaces and what 
 necessarj' adjuncts they are in propelling the vast 
 amount of machinery in operation in this city. Mr. 
 Hicks has been singularly fortunate in the discovery of 
 his leather cement and uses it on all the belts made by 
 him. It is preferable to rivets, hooks, etc., inasmuch 
 as the belt always presents a perfectly smooth and un- 
 broken surface to the pulley. It is thus more pliable, 
 slips less and every part of the belt touches the pulley, 
 insuring no lost power. Its sale has extended to many 
 distant parts of the country, while nearer home its use 
 is becoming general. In making belting to order he 
 will, when desired, use rivets or hooks, but the popu- 
 laritv of the cement fastening is becoming so wide 
 spread, that but little demand is made for them. In the 
 belting department he furnishes belts of any desired 
 size, but large belts are his specality. They are of fine 
 •quality and to attest the A'alue of the cement as a fast- 
 ener, their use in the largest concerns in the valley is a 
 sufficient guarantee. At the Bethlehem Iron Works, 
 the main driving belt over 100 feet long was made by 
 him and fastened with his cement. At Stewart's wire 
 mills and at other places where belts were giving much 
 trouble, Mr. Hicks has remedied all defects. The 
 Warren foundrj', McKee & Fuller's and hundreds of 
 other concerns running large machinery, use Mr. Hicks' 
 belting, where it has been subject to severe tests of 
 heat and w cather and in every ca.se where the fasten- 
 er has been made with cement the result has been all 
 
 that the inventor claimed and in many cases has ex- 
 ceeded it. From one end of the valley to the other and 
 in large concerns outside the State, Mr. Hicks seems to 
 be well known, and it is safe to predict a wide range 
 of usefuUness for his cement. He also conducts busi- 
 ness at 700 Market street, Philadelphia, where he has a 
 large trade. 
 
 lie is a native of New Hampshire, but has been a 
 resident of tlie Keystone State for five years. He is full 
 of the push and vigor of his race, is thoroughly in 
 earnest in his business and is reaping a just apprecia- 
 tion of his valuable contribution of the mechanica 1 
 arts. 
 
 WALTER J. GRIM, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Leather 
 and Tanner's Oil, Corner Ninth and Ham- 
 ilton Streets. 
 This well-known house was established in 1859, and 
 has since been successfully conducted. The business 
 occupies the whole of the three-story building at the 
 above location, where he carries a very large stock of 
 all kinds of Leather, including that for Shoemakers, 
 Harnessmakers, and other uses. The trade centred at 
 this house is the largest in the city, the wholesale de- 
 partment being the source of supply for a large area of 
 country, the well-known reputation of the leather sold 
 by Mr. Grim having won for the house this leading 
 position. Tanners will here find the oil used by them 
 in the process of preparing leather, the quality kept be- 
 ing guaranteed to be the best in the market. A special 
 business is done in the purchase of Hide.s and Skins, 
 the highest cash price being always paid for them, de- 
 livered at the house. 
 
 Mr. Grim was born in Weiseuburg, Lehigh County, in 
 183.5, and for twenty-two years has been engaged in the 
 leather basiness. For several years he carried on suc- 
 cessfully the tanning business, but relinquished it to 
 give his undivided attention and energies to the present 
 enterprise. Mr. Grim is a member of the school board 
 of Allentown, and a gentleman esteemed by a large 
 circle of acquaintances. 
 
 DR. H. K. HARTZEL & CO., 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Druggists and Apoth- 
 ecaries, 709 Hamilton Street. 
 
 One of the leading, as well as one of the oldest 
 houses doing business in this line of trade, is that of 
 Dr. H. K. Hatzell & Co. The business was founded 
 in 1839 by John B. Masser, at the present stand, who 
 continued to manage it successfully until 1S75, a per- 
 iod of thirty-six years, when he was succeeded by the 
 present firm. Their store is one of the most attractive 
 in the city, and has a front of twenty-two feet and a 
 depth of sixty-five feet. The firm carry in stock a full 
 and complete line of fresh Drugs, Medicines and Drug- 
 gists' Sundries, and do a business both wholesale and 
 retail. The high reputation of this house has attached 
 to it a very large trade in both departments, and the 
 volume of busine.ss is annually growing greater. 
 
 The firm manufacture several medicines and lini- 
 ments, among the number being a Worm Syrup, Lini- 
 ment, Bitters, Cartarrh Preparation, and Pile Remedy. 
 
 The senior of the firm, Dr. H. K. Hurtzell, for many 
 years was a practicing physican, but other pressing 
 business compelled him to retire from its duties. Inde- 
 pendent of his wholesale house he is largely interested 
 in the Macungie Iron Company, as director and man- 
 ager, and is prominently identified with the improve- 
 ment and advancement of the city. His partners, 
 Messrs. A. K. Hartzell and H. G. Smith, are natives of 
 Allentown, and graduates of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy. The firm hold a high position in business 
 circles, and are universally respected in the community. 
 
no 
 
 EE80rE« ES OF TITK T.ElITOn VALI.KY, 
 
 niK ALI.KN'TOWX ^^A^;l■FAOT^R^N<:} COMPANY, 
 
 M.VM'1'ACTURERS OFBoNE rnoSl'HATK AN1> KKAUY 
 
 Mixed Oil Paints, offke, 626 Hamilton St. 
 
 As a source of supply for every kind of mauufac- 
 Hired goods aud variety of neeessan,- articles, the eity 
 <;f Allentown will be seen to i>ossess advantages and 
 facilities to meet the wants of the country, equal to any 
 city of the size. Among tlie leading industries centered 
 at this point, that of the Allentown Manufactur- 
 ing Company, nninufactnrcrs of <'om))lctc Hone Phos- 
 ]>hate and lUady-Mi.\e<l Oil Paint, is rapidly growing 
 into favor and extensive business. The works are lo- 
 cated at Helfrich's Springs, several miles from the 
 city. The main building is l(iOx-4() feet in dimension^ ; 
 oil room. Uix'iO I'cet, with several other l)uildings of va- 
 rious sizes for storing raw material, et<'. The main 
 building contains the boiling <iepartnieut, drying 
 lloors, grinding, packing and storing rooms. Besides 
 these, tliere are the weighing liouse, foreman's resi- 
 <leiiee, and a commodious warehuuse on the traek of 
 the Lehigli ^'alley Railnxid, and in close proximity to 
 the Lehigh Canal. The factory is supplied with im- 
 proved machinery, suggested from time to time by the 
 experience" of the ]>roprietors, well calculated to pro- 
 duce an improved article of Bone Manure from the 
 large q'\iantitiesof raw bone received at the establish- 
 ment. In various capacities the Company employ ten 
 to tifteeii liands, and liave in use an engine of thirty 
 hoi-se-powei'. 
 
 The value of artilicial fertilizers was long since con- 
 ceded by intelligent and scientific farmers, but the cost 
 has been such as to preclude their general use. This 
 ("ompany have introduced a fertilizer at once cheap 
 aud cflective, whose application to various soils and 
 crops in different portions of the country has produced 
 the most gratifying results and brought it into popular 
 demand. For evidence of this the reader has but to 
 .see the thousands of testimonials that have been given 
 unsought in its favor. The Complete Bone Phosphate 
 intended for farm crops, cotton, tobacco, pasture, grass, 
 vegetables and fruit, is a concentrated and economical 
 <!on>position, carefully aud scientifically combined of 
 the best material. Very tine and thoroughly dry, it is 
 particularly adapted for drilling in with the crops, its 
 ingredients being such as to act readily upon growing 
 crops. It is presented to agricultiu'ists a.s a standard 
 fertilizer, and coniplete in esseutial plant-food, fiue in 
 mechanical condition, active in promoting growth, 
 lasting in eflects, reliable in quality, and uniform in 
 production. 
 
 Tlic Company are also mauufacttirers of Breiuig's 
 Heady-Mixed Oil Paints, and have already attained for 
 them a very large demand. The special claims of 
 the.se paints, arc: 1. The character of materials used 
 guarantee superior quality ; 2. The scientific combina- 
 tion insures the greatest degree of resistance to 
 ordinary wear and tear; 'i. The thorough mixing and 
 grinding presents a consistency free from grit, aud ad- 
 mitting of easy application. The result of these spe- 
 cialties is a paint ready for use without requiring addi- 
 tions of oil, tiupeutine or diyers, and having the meri- 
 torious qualities of body, beauty, and durability. They 
 are adapted for all clu-sses of work, inside or outside, ou 
 wood, metal, stone and brick, and the Company have 
 in their jiosscssion a large number of testimonials to 
 their excellence, particularly in Car Paints, of which 
 they make a specialty. 
 
 This industry was first started about twenty years 
 ago, and for a long time w as operated by private indi- 
 viduals. The Allentown Manufacturing Company was 
 incorporated in 1877, and since tliat time the works 
 
 have been much cidarged, and the phosphate and 
 paint mamifactured by them introduced through greatly 
 cxtt'udcd territories. The President. Mr, T, C, Hel- 
 fricli, wasliorii at llelfVicli Springs, and lias been indi'u- 
 titled with the business since lH("i7. Tlu' Secretary auili 
 Treasiu'cr, Mr. A. .1. Breinig, was born in Breinigvillc, 
 raised in Philadelphia, carried on business in Ncm 
 Vork, and Philadelphia and being one of its originai 
 founder, has Iteen connected with this coiicern for u 
 long period. 
 
 The nuu'velous manner in whidi the operations >r 
 this Company have grown to their prc-euL pmi) irtimi ; 
 may be taken, not only as an indication of the vitality 
 inherent in the business, but of the skill and sagacity 
 with which it has been conducted. It is palpable llial 
 with the products of the concern and tlie gi'Ucral poli- 
 cy of its management it mu.st meet with tlie hearty ap 
 proval of the public, otherwise a success so well 
 as.snrred would be impossible, and Allentown fail to 
 posses a company that reflects the highest credit upon 
 the city and its enterprise. 
 
 ZELLNER BROS, & CO., 
 
 Eeaf and Manufactured Tub,vcco and Cho 
 CERIES, 519 and 521 Hamilton Street, 
 
 One of the leading houses of Allentown is that of Zei- 
 ler Bros, & Co., wholesale dealers in Leaf and Mannfai- 
 tured Tobacco, manufacturers and jobbers of Cigar- 
 and retailers of Fine Groceries, 
 
 The tobacco trade, which is the most important 
 branch of their business, was established by Zelluei 
 Brothers in 1869, and from a small beginning has 
 grown to be one of the most' important enterprises of 
 this busy town. They deal very extensively in all 
 grades of Leaf Tobacco, and have established an en- 
 viable name among the cigar makers over a large sec- 
 tion of the State. As jobbers of Cigars they have a 
 very extensive trade and carry in stock an unusually 
 complete line of all grades of Imported, Key West and 
 Domestic Ci.gars of reliable and popular brands, which 
 they are always able to quote at prices worthy the at- 
 tention of the trade. They are also large manufactur- 
 ers, the third floor of their building being used as a 
 factory, where they manufacture a nvtmber of popular 
 brands, among them being the celebrated " Rotnid 
 Heads" and " Diamond Havana Cherots, " which are 
 widely known among smokers for their standard 
 qualities. In .smoking and chewing tobacco the firm 
 carry a very extensive assortment, including all the 
 most popular brands. As dealers in tobacco this firm 
 take a high rank, and are the largest dealers in Allen- 
 town. 
 
 In 1S77 Mr. A. M. Staekhouse became a member of 
 the firm, and they established a grocery department in 
 the adjoining store, which has now become one of the 
 leading retail houses in that line. They carry a very 
 extensive stock of Staple and Fine Groceries making a 
 speciality of canned goods. 
 
 The firm occupy handsome stores with a front of 
 35 feet by 62 feet deep, which is in eveiy respect adapt- 
 ed to their business. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are A. P. Zellner, 
 born in 184H. A. J. Zellner, born in 1845, both natives of 
 Allentown, and A. M. Staekhouse, a native of Philadel- 
 phia, born in 1845. 
 
 These gentlemen are enterprising bu-<ine-is men who 
 have by strict attention to the demands uf their trade, 
 secured a representative position among the leading 
 houses in Allentown, and one well deserving the suc- 
 cess they have attained. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 Ill 
 
 THE KEYSTONE MT'TUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION, 
 
 HoMEOfFICE— SKVKSTlt AND HAMILTON STREETS. 
 
 The K^.■.^^tuIle Mutual BfiioHt Association, ofAlleu- 
 town, one of the most popular institutions of the 
 kind in this part of the country, is conducted on the as- 
 sessment plan. It was chartered by the Legislature of 
 the State of Pennsylvania in February, 1878, and was 
 authorized to transact its business of insurance on the 
 mutual plan, and commenced operations the same year. 
 The A.ssociation has two plans of insurance : The Or- 
 dinary Life Plan and the Endowment Plan. In the 
 ordinary plan, the applicant, to secure a policy or 81,000, 
 is required to pay a premium fee of eight doUars; five 
 dollars annually for the next succeeding three years, 
 and thereafter annually two dollars during life, togeth- 
 er with mortality as.sessmeuts graded according to age. 
 and ranging from fifty-eight cents for the age of twenty- 
 four years, to S3.40 for the age of sixty-five years. The 
 Association does not permit of large policies, the highest 
 in this plan being 13,000. 
 
 The endowment plan requires the applicant to pay 
 an admission fee, and annually endowment premiums, 
 and an additional annual premium, together with 
 mortuary assessments, graded according to age. The 
 higliest policy in this plan is $2,000. This Association 
 advances the following reasons, why the Keystone 
 should receive the attention of the public. 
 
 1. Because the comparative cheapness, as it secures 
 to its members insurance at cost, and does not charge 
 three times as much as the risk on a life is actually 
 worth, and does not assess more than is absolutely 
 needed. 
 
 2. Because unlike old-line companies, it leaves the 
 money in the hands of its members, until actually 
 needed. 
 
 3. Because it avoids the classification plan, which 
 has proven a dangerous and very objectionable feature 
 in co-operative insurance companies, as it tends to 
 weaken a company and lessens the proportionate guar- 
 antee to its members. The "ring assessment" plan, 
 the twin-sister to the cla.ss system, in principle the 
 same and calculated to do the same mischief, has like- 
 wise been avoided. 
 
 4. Because of the position of each member in this As- 
 sociation is rendered fair and eciuitable, as the assess- 
 ment rates are adjusted to age according to the mor- 
 tality rate of American experience. 
 
 5. Because of the inherent ability of this Association 
 to accomplish all that it professes or promises. 
 
 6. Because, as the expenses must be met by the 
 
 annual dues, and since the members themselves are the 
 custodians of the money until these are severally due, 
 speculation or extravagant .salaries, or other misuse of 
 moneys is not possible. 
 
 7. Because, knowingly, it does not under any consid- 
 eration accept speculative insurance or insurance on 
 lives half in the grave, or in favor of persons who have 
 no in.surable interest in the insured, thus making the 
 death liability from forty to several hundred per 
 cent, less than that of companies engaged in this traflBc. 
 We Iiave established a reputation in regard to the 
 careful selection of risks above any other company. 
 
 8. Because of its equity and mutuality each member 
 has a right, individually or by proxy, to express his 
 choice as to who shall be the Directors of the Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 9. Because a policy of insurance prevents an im- 
 mence amount of suffering in the family of a poor man 
 after his death. 
 
 10. Because it prevents the same suffering in the 
 family of one who lived comfortably, but up to the 
 full extent of his income. 
 
 The Home office is located on the first floor of the 
 handsome building at the corner of Centre Square and 
 Hamilton street, where they have every facility for the 
 transaction of their business. The officers of the Com- 
 pany, are President, Prof. A. R. Home; Vice President, 
 John E. Lentz ; Secretary, B. D. Keck ; Treasurer, 
 Elias Bittner ; Superintendent of Agents, J. L. Moyer ; 
 Medical Adviser, Dr. F. J. Slough. These gentlemen 
 are all well known, as upright business men, and very 
 proper ones to form the Board of Officers of a company 
 for so important an object as the insurance of life. 
 The affairs of the company are managed after the 
 strictest integrity and it is a perfectly safe and reliable 
 one to insure in. 
 
 J. M. ROMIG & BRO., 
 
 Marble, Brown Stone and Granite, No. 41 
 
 North Ninth Street. 
 The most extensive dealers in Marble in AUentown is 
 the firm of J. M. Romig &.Bro. The business was estab- 
 lished in 1875 by Mr. J. M. Romig, at No. 842 Hamilton 
 street, and one year later his brother and Oscar J. Keck 
 became associated with him, under the firm name of J. 
 M. Romig, Brother & Co., who continued the business 
 together until the retirement of Mr. Keck in 1879, when 
 the present title was assumed. The old yard proving 
 inadequate for the growing trade, they removed to 
 where now located, and have at the present time one 
 of the finest marble yards to be found in the Val- 
 ley. They are dealers in foreign and domestic Marble, 
 Brown Stone and Granite, and are manufacturers of 
 every description of Monuments, Tomb Stones, Marble 
 and Sand Stone Fronts Base Courses, Mantels, and all 
 kinds of house and cemetery work. Employing sixteen 
 hands, they are prepared to receive and execute any 
 contract promptly in the most workmanlike manner, 
 and at the lowest possible price consistent with first- 
 class work. Their facilities for handling these articles, 
 are such as to enable them to prosecute their orders in 
 the most rapid manner, and they are prepared to esti- 
 mate on either large or small contractus. They have 
 recently added a five horse power engine for use in 
 driving the granite polishing machine, and in other 
 respects have improved their means for executing 
 work. 
 
 The members of the firm Messrs. Jacob M. and Wil- 
 liam F. Romig, are both thoroughly acquainted with 
 this trade, and have succeeded by promptness and aim- 
 ing to give the utmost satisfaction, in btiilding up a 
 large business. Natives of AUentown, they are respected 
 as first-class citizens and energetic business men. 
 
112 
 
 rcESUUKCES OF THE LEHIGH VALI,EY. 
 
 H H. FlSIIPm, 
 
 Manuiwcturer of Gas and Water Pipes, and 
 Gkni:i!AL Foundry, on Jordan Crkkk, Betwkkn 
 
 IlA.Mll.rON AND WaI.NCT STREETS. 
 
 lu examiaiug into tlie iutercsts and resources of Al- 
 lentown, it becomes our duty to uote ouc industry, 
 which, entirely unique in its way, stands alone, there 
 being no similar concern in the town. We allude by 
 Miis relerence to the works occupied by Mr. H.H. Fisher, 
 where the manufacture of gas and water pipes is carried 
 on upon a successful and extended scale. 
 
 The plant covers an extended area, and has been 
 judiciously located, with a view to convenience in the 
 receipt of iron and the shipment of manufactured ma- 
 terial—a branch of the Lehigh Valley Kailroad leading 
 directly into the works. The numerous buildings are 
 extensive and are admirably supplied with all neces- 
 sary uuichinery, patented and expressly invented for 
 the manufacture of pipe and gas fittings. A twenty- 
 horse power steam engine is required to operate this 
 tnechauism, while ninety hands find employment in 
 the works, to whom are distributed a large sum in 
 «'ages. 
 
 The product consists of Gas and Water Pipes of all 
 kinds, and Car Castings, of which there are daily pro- 
 duced twenty tons, the greater part being used by the 
 well-known Lehigh Car Manufacturing Company, of 
 Stemton, and a general line of foundry work. Every 
 facility is here in use for the production of these spe- 
 cialties, and the works have a very extended reputation, 
 tlieir pipes and cjistings having a standing among the 
 best manufactured in the country. 
 
 The works were established in 1805 by the present 
 [)roprietor, who has succeeded by industry and enter- 
 prise in building them up to a position commanding a 
 large business and the product a superior reputation. 
 They ship their pipe to almost every prominent point 
 over the world, they having had many orders from for- 
 eign countries, while their home, or United States trade, 
 is rapidly growing to such an extent as to demand now 
 nearly the entire product of the works. 
 
 The head of tliis enterprise, Mr. H. H. '•''ishe'', was 
 born in Harrisburg. but has been a resident ^i Allen- 
 town, and interested in its improvements and welfare 
 since 1860. He is a pleasant gentleman, of wide popu- 
 larity, and has succeeded in establishing the present 
 industry upon its sound foundation by a course of in- 
 tegrity and correct business principles. The works are 
 directly in charge of Mr. A. S. Shiraer, as superinten- 
 dent. 
 
 LEISENRING, TREXLER & CO, 
 
 BooKSEiJ.Eiis, Stationers, Printers and Pub- 
 lishers, Hamilton Street, Corner Church. 
 To point out for the commendation of the public en- 
 ergy, integrity and capacity exhibited in any branch of 
 the diverse interests which engage the attention of the 
 <'ommunity, is a province of our work, and a privilege 
 that we feel at liberty to exercise with reference to the 
 well known firm of Leisenring, Trexler & Co., which 
 was founded about fifty years ago, and is now enjoy- 
 ing the results of an honorable business career of a 
 half century. 
 
 The extensive establishment of the firm is located 
 directly in the centre of business, and convenient for 
 the trade from either city or country. The store is one 
 of.the largest in the city (as they occupy a leading posi- 
 tion in their respective line), and commands a trade 
 that gives them advantages not possessed by any other 
 bouse in the Valley. They employ in the various de- 
 partments of their business thirty-five hands, and oc- 
 cupy the entire building which is three -stories in height, 
 IK) feet deep, and is divided into numerous depart- 
 
 ments tor the wholesale and retail of Books, Stationery, 
 Wall Paper, WiuJ )w Shades, Printing, Publishing, etc. 
 
 Tliroughout tlie entire establishment there pervades 
 a system of business order that facilitates the transac- 
 action of the trade here conducted, and makes the 
 house a pleasant and profitable one with which to do 
 business. 
 
 Dealing both as jobbers and retailers, the firm carry 
 an extensive and valuable stock, embracing not only 
 articles common to all similar e tablishmjnts, such as 
 Books, stationery, etc. but also a full line of Fancy Arti- 
 cles, Papeterie, Photograph and Autograph Albums 
 and a complete stock of materials belonging to this de- 
 partment. They are also extensive dealers in Wall Pa- 
 per of all grades, and keep a very superior assortment, 
 both in design, quality and quautiiy. 
 
 They are the publishers of the following well known 
 German newspapers, "Friedens-Bote," weekly; establish- 
 ed sixty-nine years ago, having a circulation of 3,500. 
 "\^'elt Bote," a weekly ; established twenty-seven years 
 ago, having a circulation of 20,000, which are ably edi- 
 ted. The printing department is one of the most exten- 
 sive in the city, and is well supplied with a full equip- 
 ment of type and fast presses. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are Messrs. E. D. 
 Leisenring, B. F. Trexler, and W. J. Hartzell, each of 
 whom are personally engaged in the management of 
 the business. The firm is one of the most active and 
 energetic in the city, and are esteemed as liberal and 
 upright in all their transactions. 
 
 E. W. TREXLER & SON, 
 
 Lumber, 913 Hamilton Street. 
 
 The lumber trade is an important one with Allentown, 
 and within its limits is located the largest yard in the 
 A' alley, that of E. W. Trexler & Son. 
 
 This enterprise was established about twenty-five 
 years ago by Trexler & Bro., at a location near the 
 present one, where they remained until 1868, when the 
 large yard at No. 913 Hamilton street was purchased 
 and occupied. The original firm was subsequently dis- 
 solved, and that of Trexler & Wcitvcr formed, which 
 continued without change until 1870, when Mr. Weaver 
 retired and a sou of the seniorentered the firm. 
 
 Their premises have a frontage on Hamilton street of 
 60 feet, and extends back 400 feet to Linden street, 
 where there is a front of I'lO feet. Here they carry a 
 stock of a million and a-half feet, comprising a full line 
 of Pine, Hemlock, Spruce, and Hardwood Lumber, and 
 a general variety of Flooring, Laths, Shingles, etc. A 
 full assortment of Walnut, Ash, Cherry, and Poplar 
 Lumber is always on hand, both wholesale and retail. 
 
 The business is very large, ex'.cndiug over a wide ex- 
 tent of country, and requiring the outlay of a large 
 capital. To keep their stock up to the standard they 
 receive an average of two to three car loads of lumber 
 daily, which is brought direct from the lumbering re- 
 gions of this State and Michigan. 
 
 The senior of the firm, Mr. E. W. Trexler, was born in 
 Upper Milford township, Lehigh county, in 182o, and in 
 early life removed to Easton, where he was engaged in 
 the dry goods business for a number of years. Twenty- 
 five years ago he removed to Allentown and founded 
 the present business, which is a monument to his en- 
 ergy and business capacities. The sou, Mr. H. C. Trex- 
 ler, was born in Easton, in 1854, and entered the firm in 
 1879, and exercises a very important part in' securing 
 the success it has met with during the past few years. 
 The firm enjoy a high reputation wherever known, and 
 their business transactions are symbolic of fair dealing 
 and mercantile integrity. The office is in charge of Mr. 
 Edward G. Trexler, a young, enterprising and efficient 
 business man, who gives his entire attention to this de- 
 partment. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 113 
 
 C. A DOKNEY&CG., 
 
 Ma.vufactvrkrs and Dealers in Furnituke of 
 
 ALL KINDS, No. 333 HAMILTON .STREET. 
 
 In expatiiitiug upon the industries of Allentown we 
 should deplore omitting some mention of the well 
 known house of C. A. Dorney & Co., wholesale and 
 retail dealers and manufacturers of Furniture.— 
 The business was established about ten years ago, the 
 pre.-ieni tirm having been organized May 21, 18S1, and 
 who have .-ince their proprietorship made many im- 
 provements and greatiy increa.-<ed the facilities forman- 
 ufaeture. 
 
 The wholesale and retail salerooms are located at No. 
 333 Hamilton street, and comprise the following: main 
 store, three-stories, 20 by 100 feet; and adjoining store, 
 :No. 335, of the same dimensions, three floors ; two floors, 
 a-0 by 100 feet, of No. 33'.), and the entire three floors and 
 basement uf No. 311, all of which are in u.se as ware- 
 rooms for their very extensive stock of Furniture. 
 
 The factory is located up m the opposite side of the 
 -street, and consists of a two-story frame building, 24 by 
 1-30 feet, fully supplied witli all the necessary nuichin- 
 ■ery and appliances for manufacturing all kinds of Fur 
 uiture. They employ fifty-two hand.s, and annually 
 produce a stock that ranks them among the leading 
 manufacturers of northeastern Pennsylvania. 
 
 The warerooms are slocked with I'arlor, Drawiug- 
 Koom, Dining-Room, Library and Chamber sets in a 
 great variety of styles and patterns. Their own designs 
 ■<jf manufacture are remarkable for beauty and finish, 
 au'l the nuality of workmauihip is of the highest order, 
 from the lowest priced to tlie highest. The trade of the 
 house is very exteusive,audis rapidly assumming great- 
 er proportions. 
 
 The members of this enterprising firm are Messrs. C. 
 A. Dorney and E. H. Stine, both of them residents of 
 Allentown. These gentlemen, as may be seen at once 
 from their enterprise, have identified themselves 
 thoroughly with the industrial interests of this com- 
 munity, and in the special department of manufac- 
 •-ure, to which they have given their attention, they 
 •stand pre-eminent, and largely aid in fostering the gen- 
 eral good. The characteristics which regulate the bus- 
 iness policy of the firm are such as to entitle it to 
 universal consideration, while the (junlity of the goods 
 which it produces is unrivalled in style, finish or price. 
 
 JOHN M. STEVENS, 
 
 Manufacturer of Cedar and Poplar Cioar 
 
 Boxes, 17 South Church Street. 
 The large number of cigars that are annually manu- 
 factured in this country, together with the very strin- 
 ginit revenue laws, make the manufacture of boxes no 
 ordinary industry. The largest factory in the Lehigh 
 Valley devoted to the making of cigar boxes, is that of 
 Mr. John M. Stevens, known as the Eagle Steam Box 
 Factory. This business was started at I'ittston, Pa., by 
 Mr. Stevens, who, in 187(5, removed it to Allentown, and 
 in 1881 to the present very desirable location. The fac- 
 tory occdpies a three-story brick building, forty feet 
 square, fitted with all the necessary machinery for the 
 rapid production of these boxes, and supplied with an 
 tuginc of sulficient ]>ower to meet all requirements. 
 i:verypartof box making is executed by machinery, 
 .ad giving employment to a number of hands. Mr. 
 ^tevens manufactures about 7o,000 boxes jier week, and 
 (his amount will be increased as his facilities are added 
 ♦ ■>. 
 
 He is a native of Scotland, but came to this country 
 when a small lad. His enterprise and business tact has 
 manifested itself in the success he has reached as the 
 Jnvgest itianufacturer of these boxes in the Valley. 
 
 S 
 
 E. S. WEKTZ, 
 
 Photographer, Corner Sixth and Hamilton 
 Streets. 
 
 While overlooking the trades, commerce and manu- 
 factures of this city, we must not neglect a considera- 
 tion of the arts as well, in one of which very important 
 branches we find Mr. E. S. Wertz engaged with advan- 
 tage to himself and the public. Asa photographer his ex- 
 perience has been an extended one, and he is thorough- 
 ly known to the public here as the proprietor of the 
 largest and finest gallerj' in the Lehigh Valley, where 
 his achievements have been such as to have secured for 
 him the patronage and influence of the best people in 
 this community. 
 
 The possession of certain specialties has been a great 
 aid in the acquirement of his celebrity, and renders 
 easy the production of pictures matchless for beauty, 
 permanency and brilliancy. A splendid solar camera 
 contributes greatly to the perfection of water color and 
 India ink work, for which he has received high eco- 
 niums, and aids in giving his establishment a complete- 
 ness rare and desirable. 
 
 His pictures for albums are genuine articles of merit 
 possessing a finish and clearness that has made his gal- 
 lery so universally popular. 
 
 The reception rooms, overlooking both Hamilton and 
 Sixth streets, are spacious, handsomely furnished and 
 embellished, while the operating department is replete 
 with every appliance and contrivance that can 
 insure the completeness of all work performed. Those 
 desirious of possessing pictures of merit and worth 
 to preserve, should pay the gallery a visit, it being con- 
 ceded by all to be much superior in its appointments to 
 any in the city. 
 
 Mr. AWntz is a very pleasant gentleman, and well 
 kuuwu forhis courtesy to all whocome under his atten- 
 tion. He is assisted by very competent artists, and the 
 l)ublie may rely upon promptness and satisfaction in 
 transacting business with him. 
 
 J. LIEBEKMANN, 
 
 Eagle Lager Beer Brewery, Corner Sixth 
 AND Union Streets. 
 
 The national beverage of Germany, Lager Beer, has 
 become almost universally used in the United States, 
 the manufacture of which is an important item of in- 
 dustry. A pure and palatable article of lager beer is 
 made at the Eagle Brewery, Allentown, now operated 
 by Mr. J. Liebermaun. The large and convenient 
 buildings were erected about 1815 and designed for the 
 special purpose for wliich they are now ascd, and since 
 that time the brewery has gained an enviable reputa- 
 tion for the beer made. Great care and skill are exer- 
 cised in every operation to secure a brewing of uniform 
 and supcriorquality. A capital of from S^5,ono to $10,000 
 is employed in the business and the services of six men 
 are required, producing annually about 7.ni)o barrels. 
 The beer finds a ready market in this city and the 
 neighboring towns, meeting with growing favor and 
 popularity among the lovers of a good article. 
 
 The brewery comprises a number of substantial 
 buildings fitted up with every convenience for the 
 manufacture of superior beer. The store house and 
 vaults is a large three-story brick structure, in which 
 he keeps a stock of beer in kegs and barrels, undergo- 
 ing a temperature that adds so much to its quality. 
 This is the largest brewery by far of any located in this 
 citv, and is constantly growing in favor and business. 
 
 Mr. Liebermaun is an active and industrious gentle- 
 man, thoroughly understanding the business, and prom- 
 inently known in this connection throughout the entire 
 Valley. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEIIIGII VAT>LEY. 
 
 COPLAY CEMKNT COMPANY, 
 
 Manufacturers of Saylor's Portland and 
 Anchor Hydraulic Cements, Office, Ai.len- 
 TOWN, Pa.— Works, near Coi'l.vy, L. V. R. R. 
 No institution has doue more to promote the interests 
 Of the Lehigh Valley, than that whose name heads 
 this article— The Coplay Cement Company. In 1806 
 the Company was organized, the object being for the 
 manufacture of hydraulic cement, and works wcris 
 built a short distance above Coplay, on the line of the 
 Lehigh Valley Railroad. In ISG'J they were compelled 
 to enlarge their factory, and since then they have ad- 
 ded, year after year, so that they now have one of the 
 largest and most complete establishments of the kind 
 in this country, having a capacity to niauufactuie one 
 thousand barrels of natural cement per day. The Port- 
 land cement, wliicli requires in the production much 
 more milling capacity, is man\ifactured to the extent 
 of five thousand barrels per month. The power em- 
 ployed consists of one low-pressure compound engine 
 of one hundred and twenty-five horse-power and one 
 high-pressure engine of sixty-five horse-power. The 
 former is used for driving the machinery to crush, 
 grind, mix and temper the raw material for Portland 
 cement and the other for grinding the burnt clinker 
 and natural cement, as well as for hoisting the stone 
 from the quarry to the kilns and crusliers. [A view of 
 the Company's extensive works will be found on the 
 opposite page.] 
 
 The milling capacity consists of four run of four feet 
 and six run of three feet burr-stones; also, three iron 
 crushers to prepare the material for the mills, and four 
 tempering machines to temper the raw material for 
 Portland cement. They have eleven kilns to Inirn 
 Portland and four to burn natural cement. The factory 
 contains over nineteen thousand square feet of floor 
 room for spreading and drying the tempered material 
 for Portland cement. The rooms are all heated liy 
 steam, four thousand five hundred feet of one and a-balf 
 inch wrought iron pipe and one hundred and sixty feet 
 of six inch cast pipe being used for the purpose. There 
 are also over twenty thousand square feet of floor room 
 for storing the manufactured cement, and about three 
 hundred and seventy-five feet of iron conveyors are in 
 use to convey the cement from the mills to the huge 
 bins. 
 
 Adjacent to the works is the quarry, and the deposits 
 of stone seems inexhaustible, the Company owning a 
 farm of twenty-six acres, most of which is underlaid 
 with the stone. In the various departments the com- 
 pany employ about one hundred workmen, including 
 coopers, quarrymen, etc. 
 
 To the Coplay Cement Company is due the credit of 
 having first introduced into this country the manufac- 
 ture of Portland cement on a large scale. Their 
 peculiar advantageous position in having inexhaustible 
 stores of the raw material in its cheapest and simplest 
 conditions, coupled with the advantages of shipment 
 by rail and water, enables them to supply the article in 
 abundance to all parts of the country at a comparatively 
 low price. It is known in the market as "Saylor's Port- 
 land Cement," named so in honor of Mr. D. 0. Saylor, 
 the leading member of the company and one who has 
 chiefly been instrumental in establishing the success of 
 the article. The Portland cement is recommended by 
 the most prominent architects and engineers and the 
 trade generally to be fully equal to the best foreign 
 brands. It is of uniform quality and always reliable. 
 
 Every carload is carefully tested before shipped and 
 thus the reputation of the cement is sustained. No poor 
 articles are sent out and as a result no complaints as to 
 the merits of the cement are received, Capt. J. B. Eads, 
 the distinguished engineer, who built the great bridge 
 
 across the Mississippi at St. Louis, used Saylor's Port- 
 land Cement exclusively on the jetty works of the Mis- 
 sissippi at New Orleans, having uf-cd about 12,()00' 
 barrels up to this time, and recommends it highly. It 
 is used in the river and harbor improvenients and for- 
 tifications on the South Atlantic coast, fortifications on. 
 Staten Island and New York harbor, under the super- 
 intendency and management of Gen. Gilmore, who pre- 
 fers it to all others. In the Centennial Exhibition there 
 were fourteen Portland cements, all of which were 
 tested inider Geu. Gilniore's direction and Saylor's 
 cement stood among the best. It is used in the depart- 
 ment of public works in New York and Brooklyn, and 
 the architect of the U.S. Capitol, at Washington, Mr. 
 Mr. Edward Clarke, says it is as good as the best Eng- 
 lish article. Recommendations from other equally" 
 distinguished engineers and architects could be quoted, 
 but the above will suffice to show the superiority of the 
 cement. 
 
 The natural cement manufactured by this Company 
 is known in the market as " Anchor Cement," and after 
 a trial often years has proved itself to be equal, if not 
 superior, to all other natural cements in the country. It 
 was used in the construction of the Girard Avenue 
 and Callowhill street bridges, of Philadelphia, and in 
 the construction of the tunnel of the Baltimore and. 
 Potomac Railroad, at Baltimore, over 26,000 barrels were- 
 used. 
 
 The Company have a large store house on the dock 
 of the Central Railroad Company of New Jersey, at 
 Commuiiipaw, which is in charge of the New York 
 agents, Messrs. Johnson & Wilson, of 1(1 Liberty street. 
 At the works, the Company liave a fine labratory in the 
 charge of an experienced chemit-t, Mr. John W. Eckert, 
 who is constantly engaged in experimenting and ana- 
 lyzing the material. 
 
 The head of this enterprise is Mr. D. O. Saylor, Presi- 
 dent of the Company, a gentleman who has given the 
 production of superior cement close study. He was 
 born near AUentown in 1827, and is now one of the 
 leading citizens of that city. He is a gentleman highly 
 respected and esteemed by all who kuow him, for his 
 general qualities and upright and honorable life. In- 
 dependent of this industry, he is extensively engaged 
 in the manufacture of fire-brick in AUentown. The 
 Secretary, Mr. E. Rehrig, is one the originals of the 
 Company and has lent a personal and leading represen- 
 tation to the works of the Company, and of late years 
 has devoted his entire attention to the demands of the 
 work much of wliich, it indebted for his energetic ad- 
 ministration of his department of the works. 
 
 SCHLEGEL, ZIEGENFUS & CO., 
 
 Manufactukers of Parlor Frames, Patent 
 Rockers, and Marbf.e Top T.\bles, Corner 
 Front and Hamilton Streets. 
 This firm is engaged in the manufacture of Parlor 
 Frames, Patent Rockers, and Marble Top Tables, an in- 
 dustry that takes a leading rank in the Valley, Th& 
 business was established in 1.S77 by Mr. B. F. Schlegel 
 with a moderate capital, and somewhat contracted ac- 
 commodations. Ilis active spirit and enterprise, how- 
 ever, soon manifested itself, and after three years as- 
 sociated with himself Mr. Ziegenfus, In 1881 the firm 
 was again changed by the addition of the third partner, 
 the finn's name becoming as now known. 
 
 The factory comprises a brick building, 70 feet deep, 
 with a two-story frame addition in rear, of a depth 68 
 feet. An engine of forty horse-power is required for 
 supplying the motive power, and the whole establish- 
 ments evinces the thorough and efficient management 
 in every detail and appointment, while the general 
 equipments in machinery and mechanical appliances 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEUIGII VALLEY. 
 
 115 
 
tl6 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIOII VALLEY. 
 
 are of marked completeness. The factory employs 
 seventy operators. 
 
 The manufacture of Parlor Frames, Patent Rockers, 
 and Marble Top Covers has given the firm a reputation 
 lor excellent work throughout the greater part of the 
 country, their trade exteuding over the State of Penn- 
 sylvania, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, West Vir- 
 ginia, Maryland, Connecticut, ^Massachusetts, Ohio and 
 other .States. The price at which theirgoods are placed 
 are such as to invito the attention of dealers and the 
 public, and it is not exaggeration to say that in propor- 
 tion to their appearances, durability, and desirability, 
 tliey are the cheapest articles of this character made. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are Messrs. P. F. 
 Schlcgel, Charles Ziegenfus, and Eli J. Schneck, all of 
 whom are active and enterprising. The business stand- 
 ing and general reputation of the works, as well as tlie 
 manner in which the business is conducted, entitles 
 the lirm to the esteem and consideration of the com- 
 munity. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL FIRE BRICK WORKS, 
 
 Joseph Downing, Proprietor. Office, Corner 
 Second and Linden Streets— Factory, East 
 Ali.entown, 
 
 The first city in the United States lighted with gas was 
 the city of Baltimore, in 1821. Boston followed 
 in 1822 and in 1823 the New York Gas Light Com- 
 pany was started, although not in operation until 
 1827. Of course, following the introduction of gas and 
 the building of gas works; the rapid growth of 
 iron, steel and glass industries, many factories were 
 erected for the manufacture of fire-brick, cupola linings, 
 etc. This important industry is one which requires 
 not only considerable capital, but a long apprenticeship 
 and experience, and, consequently, there is not in this 
 trade such extreme and fierce competition as attends 
 many other branches. Several enterprises of this nature, 
 however, exist in the Lehigh Valley, and the most 
 important will be described in these pages. 
 
 This article will be devoted to one which, though of 
 recent establishment, is note-worthy for the complete- 
 ness of its plant and material, and the experience and 
 enterprise of its chief The Industrial Fire Brick Works 
 were established in 1873 by Downey & Lewis, who were 
 succeeded in 1875 by Mr. Joseph Downing, who has 
 since conducted them successfully. The works are 
 located on the opposite side of the river from Allentown, 
 convenient to the L. and S. Railroad, from which there 
 is a siding, and the Lehigh canal, giving it very desira- 
 ble advantages for the receipt of clay and sand and the 
 shipment of the products. 
 
 The works occupy several buildings, and have in use 
 two kilns, their capacity being 30,000 and 33,000 brick, 
 respectively. The number of hands employed is thirty, 
 and the number of bricks produced average 110,000 per 
 month. Mr. Downing manufactures brick of all kind, 
 including Fire Brick, Furnace Blocks, Stove Brick, and 
 makes a specialty of Rolling Mill, Blast Furnace and 
 Gas Brick. Althougli having a very large number of 
 brick patterns on hand and in use, Mr. Downing will 
 manufacture otlier patterns of peculiar sizes and shapes 
 from drawings at short notice. The clay used is that 
 from the celebrated mines at Woodbridge, N. J., while 
 the sand is secured at Lehigh Ga]). 
 
 The proprietor, Mr. Jos. Downing, is a native of Eng- 
 land but for thirty-six years has been a resident of this 
 country. He has directed all his energies to the im- 
 provement of the quality of the goods mannfiictured 
 and raising them to the highest possible standard of ex- 
 cellence. His trade extends all over the United States 
 and Canadas, and is rapidly assuming greater propor- 
 tions. 
 
 L. A. T. WARTMAN & SON, 
 
 Jobbers and Wholesale Dealers in Saddlery 
 Hard\\-are, Harness and Trimmings, 742 Ham- 
 ilton Street. 
 
 This house presents an evidence of the results of en- 
 terprise and business qualifications correctly applied. 
 Few houses have attained equal prominence in so short. 
 a time, and fewer still can claim a higher standing in. 
 the mercantile world. It dates its origin with 1871, at 
 that time in contracted quarters at 809 Hamilton street,.. 
 which in time proved entirely inadequate for their 
 business. In April, 1880, they removed to the desirable- 
 building at 742 Hamilton street, where they have a store 
 22x100 feet in dimensions, and in every respect adapted 
 to the demands of their trade. 
 
 The business is jobbing Saddlery Hardware, car- 
 rying in stock a very extensive .assortment of goods 
 under this head, and comprising the finest and best 
 known to the trade. In addition there is a very large 
 variety of Hor.se Clothing, Carriage, and Buffalo Robes, 
 of recognized merit and quality. Every department of 
 their establishment is kept in the most scrupulous order, 
 bespeaking the careful, personal attention that is given 
 to the business by the members of the firm. A special 
 department is that devoted to Trunks. Satchels, and. 
 Valises, in which there is a stock the finest and largest 
 in the city. 
 
 Mr. L. A. T. Wartman,the senior of the firm, was born, 
 in Lehigh county in 1826, and for several years was in 
 the saddlery trade. He has charge of the details of the 
 business, and is one of the representative citizens of Al- 
 lentown. The son, George H. Wartman, was born in. 
 this city March 5, 185.5, and at a very early age entered 
 the business. He represents the house traveling, and 
 to his efforts mtich is due for the success of the estab- 
 mcnt. 
 
 The firm of L. A. T. Wartman & Son, occupy a prom- 
 inent position among the leading houses of the city,. 
 an<l enjoy the confidence of the entire business com- 
 munitv. 
 
 JACOB T. SHIMER, 
 
 Manufacturer of Seamless and Cut Hosiery^ 
 Corner op Sixth and Walnut Streets. 
 
 From a careful perusal of the manufacturing and 
 commercial houses whose history and facilities are de- 
 picted in this volume, it may be remarked that many 
 of the most successful have come into existence within 
 the past five years. Among the recently established is 
 that of Mr. Jacob T. Shimer, manufacturer of Seamless 
 and Cut Hosiery, which was started in April, 1880. The 
 building is a handsome three-story structure, 22x60 feet, 
 and is stocked with the most approved machines for 
 converting differently colored yarn into hosiery. There 
 are employed fifty-five hands, mostly females of expe- 
 rience, and there are kept running forty knitting ma- 
 chines, producing eight hundred dozen pairs per week. 
 The articles manufactured here are superior in quality 
 and workmanship, and the greater part are shipped 
 direct to New York and Chicago, where they find a. 
 ready market. They are also used by a leading house 
 in Allentown, and the demand in the Valley gives 
 promise of calling for all that can be manufactured. 
 
 It is the intention of tlie proprietor of the.se mills, 
 which are known as the "Excelsior Knitting Mills." to 
 double the capacity, and in this manner endeavor to 
 keep pace with the extensive business that has already 
 been accorded his enterprise. 
 
 Mr. Shimer was born in Northampton county in 1834, 
 and for several years was engaged in the iron and 
 macliine business. His iudu.stry of hosiery manufac- 
 ture is destined to take a front rank among the houses 
 of the Lehigli Valley, and exert a healthful influence; 
 upon the in-osperity of Allentown. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VAT,T,1:Y. 
 
 117 
 
 MOSSER AKRCK, 
 
 Tanners of Union Sole Leather, East Allen- 
 town. 
 
 For many years Allentown has been known through- 
 out the Lehigh Valley as a location for the tanning of 
 leather, and the fact "has been pretty successfully estab- 
 lished by numerous competitive examinations and a 
 long experience, that the leather produced in this sec- 
 tion is superior to that manufactured at ahnost any 
 other point in this country. The leading firm engaged 
 iu the industry is Messrs. Mosser & Keck, who have 
 now the largest tannery in the entire Valley. The 
 business was established in 1859 by Mosser, Keck & Co., 
 which constituted the firm until 1875, when the present 
 one was organized. Though originally founded upon a 
 limited scale, tlie resources of the tirra have gradually 
 increased, afli>rding facilities at the present time fur tlie 
 transaction of a trade which extends throughout the 
 country. 
 
 Two plants are owned and operated by the firm, one 
 of which is located in East Allentown, and the other at 
 Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The former is desirably 
 situated on the L. aud S. Division of the New Jersey 
 Central Railroad, and occupies about four acres of 
 ground, upon which are extensive buildings, sheddings, 
 etc. The main building is 366 feet long, 42 feet deep, 
 witli two wings, 40.x50 each. Forty to fifty operators are 
 engaged here, aud the mechanical appliances, which 
 are very complete, are operated by an eighty horse- 
 power steam engine and a battery of three boilers. The 
 tirm manufacture exclusively the Union Sole Leather, 
 using iu its tanning about twelve to fifteen per cent, of 
 oak and eighty-five per' cent, hemlock bark, wliich is 
 considered makes a very superior quality of leatlier. 
 They annually tan about 30,000 hides, and use about 
 seven hundred car loads of bark often tons each. 
 
 The other tannery at Williamsport, is one of the 
 largest in that section, and is thoroughly equipped 
 throughout for the successful prosecution of the busi- 
 ness. Here are employed about eighty men, who an- 
 nually tan about 50,000 hides, using twelve hundred 
 cars of bark. The leather manufactured here is the 
 same as at the Allentown tannery. In this department 
 the firm is styled, J. K. Mosser ife Co., a .son of the senior 
 having an interest, aud directly in charge of the man- 
 agement. They also have warehouses in New York and 
 Boston, the former at 30 Franklin street, and the latter 
 at 96 South street. All the leather produced at both 
 tanneries, is shipped to the main depot in New York, 
 which is the distributing point, and where Mr. Keek is 
 personally in charge. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are James K. 
 Mo.sser, a native of Allentown, and Thomas Keck, born 
 in Allentown, but now a resident of Orange, New Jersey. 
 For business convenience, tlie firm titles are : Mosser 
 & Keck, of Allentown tannery ; Keck & Mosser, iu New 
 York .and Boston, and J. K. Mosser & Co., (including the 
 two above and Henry S. Mosser), at the Williamsport 
 taiuiery. All members of the firm have acquired a 
 thorough knowledge of the minutest details of the busi- 
 ness, and it would be difficult to find a firm either bet- 
 ter equipped or with more comprehensive facilities for 
 the transaction of a large trade and the production of a 
 superior class of goods. They were the recipients of 
 diplomas for excellence of exhibit at both the Centen- 
 nial and Paris K.xposition. 
 
 RUHE BROTHERS, 
 
 Manufacturc:rs of Choice Cigars, 21 and 23 
 
 South Ekjhth Strkf.t. 
 Few cities in the State of its size contains .so many to- 
 bacco cntcrpri.<e-J as arc found in the city of .\llentown. 
 The leading firm en.ga.ged in the manutaclure of tlie.se 
 goods is Ruhc Bi-otlters, who are located at Nos. 21 aud 
 
 23 South Eighth street, where they carry on the Cigar 
 and LeafTobaccobusiness very extensively. The house 
 was established in 18'i4 by ('. A. Rnhe & Sons, who con- 
 tinued the manufacture until 1860. when the firm l>e- 
 carae as now known, the father having retired. The 
 building occupied is of brick, three-stories, 40x100 feel 
 in dimension, mill also two other buildings that are in 
 n.se for storage purposes. The firm employ eighty-five 
 hands, and manufacture iiboiit 5.ono.fiOij cigars, princi- 
 pally of tlie following brands which privately belong 
 to them : Comrade, R. Bros. Best,R. Bro^. Own, R. Bro^. 
 Pet, Goldsmith Maid, La <'abercna, ami Poney. They 
 are the most extensive manufacturers in the county, 
 and control a very large trade. The firm also are wholo- 
 .sale dealers in leaf tobacco, buying dirc<'t from the pro- 
 ducers, and in its handling re«iiiiriiig the use of two 
 large buildings. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are Messrs. C. U. 
 and .Toseph Ruhe, both of wliom are natives of Allen- 
 town, and practical cigar inannlactiirers. The goods 
 produced by them have a wide .sale and have secured 
 a peiTnanent reputation for superiority wherever intro- 
 duced. They are active and enterprising gentlemen, 
 thoroughly understanding the tobacco trade, and have 
 built up a business that is a credit to themselves and 
 the city of Allentown. 
 
 As an evidence of Iheenterpri.se shown by this firm, 
 it is only necessary to state they have exported their 
 well-known (Jigars to Honolula, Sandwich Islands, 
 this being the first shipment of Cigars ever made from 
 this section of Pennsylvania— the Lehigh Valley. 
 
 THE SINGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
 
 W. R HousER, Man.\ger, Office 706 Ha.milton 
 Street. 
 
 It is well-known to every one that the Singer Sewing 
 Machine has, during its entire career, stood paramount, 
 not only in this country, but throughout the entire 
 world. This immense corporation now possesses the 
 largest facilities in the world devoted to manufacturing 
 sewing machines, and sell their machines throughout 
 every civilized country on earth. The office of the 
 Conipany at Allentown, supplying the voople of Lehigh 
 and portions of adjoining counties, is managed by Mr. 
 W. R. Ilouser, who has achieved his success not only on 
 the merits of the machines, but by dealing with every 
 one fairly aud alike; making no deviations in prices, 
 and giving full instructions on every machine. 
 
 Mr. Houser employs ten men to assist him, seeing thui 
 they look after the business, giving instructions, and 
 that every machine works properly. People consult 
 their Interests by e.xamining the Singer Machine, deal- 
 ing directly with the Company through their salarieil 
 agents. Mr. Ilouser takes great pleasure iu showing the 
 machines and its work of all varieties to any that will 
 call at the office. The late improved machines have the 
 loose balance-wheel attachment for winding the bob- 
 bin without running the work from under the needle, 
 and is one of the lightest-running machines in the 
 market. 
 
 The office is by far the handsomest salesroom for 
 sewing machines in the city, and here is kept a very 
 e.x.tensivc assortment of the well-known Singer Ma- 
 chines. This is the oldest agency in the city, having 
 Ijeen establislied iu 1S()2, and since February, 187:s, 
 directly under the control of the Company. There is a 
 branch at Catasauqua, iu charge of .Mr. Simon Kemp, 
 Mr. Houser, the geiu'ral manager of both, giving the 
 whole business his persomil attention. 
 
 The Company have printed for general use a very 
 handsome book, giving the early hi.story of .sewing ma- 
 chines and some account of their manufacture, for 
 gratuitous distribution, and Mr. Houser has enough to 
 supply all his friends. 
 
118 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 JORr>AN MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 
 
 Office, Second Nationai, Bank Building, 
 Hamilton Street. 
 
 The day has long siuce gone by when it became a 
 matter of conjecture as to the propriety of fire insur- 
 ance. To-day the only question is, "What amount will 
 my property bear?" "Where can I insure in safety?" 
 Every man identified with the control of properties, 
 wliether as owner, trustee or administrator, will recog- 
 nize the pertinency of this view of fire insurance, and 
 wise is the man who in using all means to secure his 
 accounts, whose possession of stocks are reasonably safe 
 ones, recognize also the absolute ueces.sity of investment 
 t<i protect him from loss by fire. No man can lay any 
 clain to business wisdom who disregards this duty, 
 whether it be to himself or through himself to others. 
 
 A prominent Company in this community is that 
 known as the Jordan Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 
 which was chartered by the Pennsylvania State Legisla- 
 ture, April 16, 1870, with authority to commence busi- 
 ness at once. It was formed for insurance against loss 
 by fire, of buildings, merchandise, household furniture 
 and indeed every kind of insurable property. It is a 
 purely mutual company, and in fact, as well as theory, 
 issuing policies on this plan to the insured under 
 which they make payments in advance during mem- 
 bership, according to the amount of risk assumed by 
 the Company. The last annual statement of the Com- 
 pany shows a very satisfactory condition of affairs, and 
 the year was commenced with no unpaid balance 
 thougli it has never made an assessment since its organ- 
 ization. There is one thing very clear respecting this 
 corporation, and that is the expenses of its management 
 are not swallowing the money, which, according to the 
 plan of its organization, belongs to the members. 
 
 The term "Mutual" is neither a misnomer nor a figure 
 of speech in this, but indicates a substantial, noteworthy 
 fact. The Company has pursued its way during the last 
 eleven years quietly without any flourish of trumpets, 
 making no promises that it could not fulfil, having re- 
 gards to the substance rather than the show of insur- 
 ance. It has always been a successful institution, suc- 
 cessful by reason of sound, honest, conservative man- 
 agement on the part of the gentlemen who have had 
 the administration of its affairs. The officers of the Jor- 
 dan Mutual Fire Insurance Company are Dr. B. F. Jacoby , 
 President ; William Roth, Vice President ; L. P. Hecker, 
 Secretary and Treasurer; and they with the follow- 
 ing gentlemen form the Board of Directors : 
 
 Wm. H. Deshler, Wm. F. Hecker, George Kuhl, Pat- 
 rick K. Boyle, H. T. Kleckner, Jos. Lieberman, T. H. 
 Good, Elias Lentz, Rufus Snyder. The office of the 
 Company is in the first floor of the Second National 
 Bank Building, on Hamilton street, between Fifth and 
 Sixth, wliere the Secretai-j- and Treasurer is always in 
 attendance. 
 
 A. G. RENINGER & CO., 
 
 Dry Goods and Gr(jceries, 705 Hamilton 
 
 Street. 
 One of the oldest houses in its line is that of A . G. 
 Reninger & Co., which was established in 1843 by Grim 
 & Reninger. Since that time the proprietorship has 
 undergone several changes, the present firm being or- 
 ganized in February, 1879. They occupy a large double 
 front store, fifty-four feet in depth, filled with a splendid 
 stock of those goods in which they specially do Ijusiuess. 
 The Dry Goods department is well stocked witli a large 
 and varied assortment of i^ilks. Dress and White Goods, 
 Domestics, Linens, Cloths, Flannels, etc., and the many 
 articles under the head of Notions. The variety of 
 Groceries represents a full line of goods usual to a first- 
 class stock, and embraces a very superior variety of 
 
 Canned Goods, Teas, ColTecs, Spices, etc. The trade la 
 large, and rep-esents much of the better class of custo- 
 mers of Alleutown and vicinity. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are A. G. Renin- 
 ger, who was born in Montgomery county, and has been 
 a resident of Allentowu since 1843, and Theodore D. 
 Reninger, who is a native of Lehigh county, and for 
 about forty -four years has been a resident of Alleutown. 
 
 Messrs. A. G. Reninger and Kphriam Grim are the 
 original founders of the house, Mr. Grim having re- 
 turned to the business after a retirement of twenty 
 years. The present head of the house has been with 
 it continuously, with the exception of four years, since 
 it was founded. The house has a wide reputation for 
 superior goods, and is managed in the most systematic 
 and Vjusiness-like manner. 
 
 E. M. WEBER. 
 
 Manufacturer OF Confectionery and Whole- 
 sale AND Retail Dealer in Groceries, etc., 
 209 Hamilton Street. 
 
 That portion of the city of Alleutown situated east 
 of the Jordan creek contains many prominent manu- 
 factories,as well as a number of houses engaged in mer- 
 cantile business. Among those in that section rapidly 
 securing a large trade is that of E. M. Weber, manu- 
 facturer of Coufectiouery and wholesale and retail dealer 
 in Groceries, Salt, Vinegar, Oils, Fish, Fruits, etc., at 
 No. 209 Hamilton street, where it was established in 
 1869 by Mr. C. W. Weber, who in 1879 was succeeded by 
 the present head. 
 
 The manufacturing department for Coufectiouery is 
 one of the most complete in the city, the specialty of 
 production being plain Gaudies of all kinds, and em- 
 ploying several hands, and manufacturing nothing but 
 strictly pure goods. The house in this particular branch 
 has an extended reputation, the trade reaching over 
 the greater portion of Eastern Pennsylvania, and West- 
 ern New Jersey, aud employing three traveling sales- 
 men to properly conduct it, two traveling by wagon and 
 one by railroad. The business has made such strides 
 that the necessity of much greater facilities is mani- 
 fested, and it is in contemplation to operate the factory 
 entirely by steam, and to put in the recently improved 
 machinery. 
 
 The Grocery department comprises a full and com- 
 plete stock of groceries, including a general variety of 
 all goods in this line. The business is both wholesale 
 and retail, aud is gradually assuming greater propor- 
 tions, and requiring the employment of four assistants. 
 
 The concern is managed by Mr. 0. W. Weljer, a. son of 
 the proprietor, a gentleman brought up in the trade, 
 and thoroughly understanding the business in all its 
 details. It is not only decidedly the leading house for 
 Confectionery, but takes a prominent position among 
 the foremost grocery establishments of the city. 
 
 GERMANIA LAGER BEER BREWERY, 
 
 Benedict Nuding, PRorittETOK, 111, 110, and 118 
 
 South Seven ni Street. 
 The brewing of lager beer is one of the important 
 branches of interest in Alleutown, and one of con- 
 siderable magnitude. The products of the leading estab- 
 lishments are fully equal to the beer produced in any sec- 
 tion of the Union. Particularly will these remarks apply 
 to favorite brands manufactured at the Germania Lager 
 Beer Brewery, of which Mr. Benedict Nuding is pro- 
 prietor. This brewery is situated in rear of the Ger- 
 mania Hotel, and from which it derives its name. It 
 was cstablishY>d in 1878 by the present proprietor, who 
 erected the large and substantial brick buildings, the 
 brew house having dimensions of 51x70 feet, three-story 
 in height. The capacity of the brewery, when running 
 
RESOURCP^S OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 119 
 
 full force, is between 3,rt00 atul 1,000 barrels, and (be de- 
 mand for the article lias kept it u). to uboiil this 
 production. The beer from the establishment of Mr. 
 Nudingha.s achieved a high reputation, it being noted 
 for its purity and healthful iiualitics, and is in many 
 instances reeuinmended by physicians. 
 
 lu addition, Mr. Nudini; is also proprietor of Ger- 
 mania Hotel, a neat and comfortable house. It is well 
 furnished throughout, and enjoys a very fair portion of 
 the patronage of the traveling public. 
 
 Mr. Nuding is a very popular gentleman with a great 
 portion of the citizens of Allentown, and occupies a 
 prominent position as a brewer of superior beer. 
 
 S. B. ANEWALT & CO. 
 
 - Wholi;.sai,k Dealers in Hats, Caps and Straw 
 GooD.s, No. 74t Hamilton .^trekt. 
 
 The visitor to Allentown will naturally be surprised 
 at the number and extent of the wholesale houses that 
 line its promineut business thoroughfares, and if an in- 
 bpection were to be made, it would lie found that the 
 greater part of them compare very favorably with sim- 
 ilar houses in the metropolitan cities. This fact denotes 
 the centre of a large trade, wliich is annually assum- 
 ing greater proportion.s, that in a short time will make 
 this point the greatest business town in northeastern 
 Pennsylvania . 
 
 The wholesale hat and cap trade in this city is repre- 
 by the house of S. B. Anewalt & Co., that dates its ori- 
 gin with 1^60. From that time to Jauunarj- 1, 1881, the 
 retail and wholesale business were combined in one 
 house, but the rapidly growing trade of each led to 
 a separation, and on the last date the present firm was 
 organized for transacting an exclusively wholesale 
 business. The firm occupy the entire second and third 
 doors of a large building, with the second floor of the 
 building in the rear. They carry a large stock of Hats 
 and Caps of all kinds, of the leading manufacturers of 
 the country, with a complete asortment of Straw Goods. 
 They enjoy superior facilities for securing the best 
 goods in the market, having intimate relations with 
 many of the leading uuyuifacturers of this and other 
 States. Upon the road the house is represented by 
 three salesmen, the trade extending throughout the 
 greater part of Pennsylvania, within a circuit of one 
 hundred and seventy-five miles. 
 
 The head of the house, Mr. S. B. Anewalt, was born 
 in Xorthampton County in 183."), and has been engaged 
 in the hat business for twenty-one years. Mr. Willmer 
 W. Anewalt is a young gentleman thoroughly acquaint- 
 ■ed with the trade, and gives it his entire attention.— 
 The firm of S. B. Anewalt & Co. is in every respect worthy 
 of commendation to the trade, and their facilities, goods 
 and terms are sure to be found desirable. 
 
 H. XADIG & BRO., 
 
 Machinists and Founders, No. 20 North Fourth 
 Street. 
 
 Prominent among the firms in Allentown engaged as 
 Machinists and Founders are H. Nadig & Brother. — 
 They were established in 1872 by Nadig & Wright, and 
 in 187-'i were succeeded by the present firm. They oc- 
 cupy a large and substantial brick building, two stories, 
 KX) by l.iO feet in dimensions, and stocked with all the 
 niddern appliances and machinery for producing their 
 specialty of manufacture. They employ twenty hands, 
 aii<l the motive power is derived from an engine of 
 tweuty-h<>i>e power. 
 
 The tirni are the manufacturers of verysnperior Ver- 
 tical and Horizontal Kngines, that have conil)ined in 
 them all the most valualile features to obtain a com- 
 l)lete, substantial and .•«imple engine. They are the 
 pateutecs of the Nadig Pully Moulding Machine, that 
 
 has proved of great utility, as pulleys are made on this 
 machine without expensive patterns and at compara- 
 tively trilling cost. Particular attention is given to the 
 manufacture of Hoisting, Hydraulic and Mining Kn- 
 gines, their work comparing with any industry in the 
 Valley for superior finish and completeness of design. 
 They keep con.stantly on hand a full line of turned 
 shafting. Ball and Locket Pillow Blocks, Post and Coun- 
 ter Hangers, of their own make, also an assortment of 
 Steam Gauges, Whistles, Cocks, Globe and Safety-valves 
 Oil Cups, Belting, Wrought Ircm Pipe. etc. 
 
 The members of the tirn'i are Henrj'and Philip Nadig, 
 both natives of Allentown, and practical men in their 
 business. They exercise great care in the manufacture 
 of everj'thing and warrent them to be as complete and 
 perfect as the highest degree of mechanical skill and 
 the most careful selection of material can produce. 
 
 W. R. LAWFER & CO., 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Dry Goods, 
 Notions and Groceries, 611 and 613 Hamilton 
 Street. 
 One of the prominent business houses in Allentowu 
 is that of W. R. Lawfer & Co., dealers in Dry Goods, No- 
 tions, Groceries, etc., who carry a complete stock of this 
 class of goods, and occupy a position equal to any house 
 in the city. This house was established in 1866, by 
 Lawfer & Steckel, who conducted the business together 
 until 1S74 when Mr. Steckel retired, and was succeeded 
 by Mr. G. W. Hartzell. In 1876 Mr. Hartzell retired and 
 the firm, as now constituted was formed. 
 
 For many years the firm occupied the popular store 
 at No. 626, Hamilton street, but their trade having out- 
 grown those quarters the firm erected the handsome 
 double store at No. 611 and 613 Hamilton street, (which 
 at this writing is notcompleted), giving them the largest 
 Dry Goods Store in the Lehigh Valley, and one of the 
 finest stores in town. In dimensions the new store is 
 thirty tcet front by two hundred and thirty feet deep, 
 three stories and basement, giving them ample room 
 for the display of their stock, and is provided with 
 every convenience for handling, storing and exhibiting 
 their goods. In the rear of the store will be found a 
 ladies' waiting and toilet room, 18x14 feet dimensions, 
 fitted up with every convenience and comfort, for the 
 accommodation of the lady patrons of the store, while 
 in the rear of the basement wiU be provided a com- 
 fortable shed, 80x30 feet for the accommodation of pa- 
 trons from the country, where the^- can leave their 
 teams in safety while transacting their business. 
 
 In their new quarters this popular firm will always 
 be prepared to extend a hearty welcome to all their 
 friends in the Valley, and to ofter for their inspection a 
 stock of goods unsurpassed by any similar establish- 
 ment. The assortment will always embrace everything 
 in seasonable goods— from the finest fabrics for ladies' 
 wear to the staple line of domestic goods, including a 
 full line of Notions, Trimmings, Hosiery, etc., and for 
 gentlemen's wear a very desirable and stylish line of 
 Cassimers, Suitings, and Heavy Goods. The facilities 
 of this house are such as to enable them to ofler any of 
 the desirable novelties as soon as they are introduced 
 in the Kastern markets. 
 
 In the grocery department they carry a complete line 
 of staple and fancy goods, such as are required to meet 
 the demands of a first-class trade, the aim of the house 
 being to keep such a stock as will enable them to supply 
 the wants of their extensive trade at all times. 
 
 Mr. W. R. Lawfer, the senior member of the firm, is a 
 native of Northampton county, but removed to Allen- 
 town in 1866, when he founded his present business. 
 He is tborougldy aciuainted with all the details of his 
 i-alliug, and occiipies an honorable position among the 
 business men of the city. 
 
120 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEflK II VAIJ.KY. 
 
 RITTER & SAYLOR, 
 
 Manufacturers of Firk 
 Brick, Front Street, Be- 
 tween Chew and Gor- 
 don. 
 
 The euterprise of Messrs. Bit- 
 ter & Saylor, tlie pioneer concern 
 in the line of its operations, as 
 well as one of the most extensive 
 establishments in this country, is 
 a particularly apt subject for 
 comment in this work. 
 
 The works were established in 
 1854 by McHose & Bitter, who 
 were succeeded in 1873 by the 
 firm ofBitterA Saylor. Mr. Bit- 
 ter is now deceased, the estate ^ 
 being represented in the busi- '^ 
 ness by Mr. Walter P. Huber, :^ 
 as guardian for the heirs. The ^ 
 plant of the works cover a plot ^ 
 of ground 210 by 2G0 feet, ira- ^ 
 mediately on the Lehigh Valley |^ 
 Railroad. The buildings con- H 
 sists of a main structure, two- ^ 
 stories, 68 by 1.50 feet, the upper ^ 
 floor in use as a drying room ._ 
 and heated throughout with > 
 steam pipe ; dry house, two-story, ^j 
 46 by 80 feet; dry -house, three- O 
 story, 40 by 65 feet, and other ne- ^ 
 cessary buildings used for storing 
 the clay and stock. 2 
 
 The works are supplied with ^ 
 the most perfect machinery, es- 
 pecially. adapted to this line of ^ 
 manufacture, the motive power q 
 being furnished by a fifty horse- r! 
 power engine. There are four 5: 
 kilns holding 130,000 brick to- g 
 gether, and the works have a fr\ 
 capacity of over three and a half 7^ 
 million of fire-brick per annum, 
 of the nine-inch standard, or its 
 equivalent. In the various de- 
 partments of the euterprise there 
 are employed about seventy-five 
 hands. 
 
 The clay used is mostly mined 
 from the celebrated Woodbridge, 
 New Jersey, lauds, and the bricks 
 made from this clay have all the 
 e.ssential qualities of strength du- 
 rability, and the capacity for sus- 
 taining intense and long contin- 
 ued heat, and by their freedom 
 from combustible chemicals do 
 not crack, fly or expand. They 
 manufacture every description 
 
 of Fire Brick for blast furnaces, rolling mills, steel mills, 
 foundries, gas works, etc., and in every conceivable 
 shape and size, for any purpose where fire brick is 
 used. The firm possess every facility for manufaetiu'- 
 ing, and with the advantage of long experience, and 
 location for shipping (both by railroad and canal), can 
 furnish goods in their line, of superior quality at the 
 lowest market price. 
 
 They are dealers in Fire-clay, Kaolins, Fire-.sand, 
 Ground Fireclay, Fire Brick, Fire ISIortar, etc, and 
 carry a large stock of these goods. 
 
 The executive head of the firm is Mr. D. 0. Saylor.— 
 He is also President of the Coplay Cement Company, 
 and is gentleman of skill and ability and thoroughly 
 
 pru!u'ient in this special lino of manufacture. Mr- 
 Waher P. Huber, as a representative of the Bitter 
 estate, is a valuable assistant in the managing of the 
 works. The reputation of -Mlentown Fire Brick Works 
 extends throughout the country, and the demand, 
 wherever there are furnaces or manufactories requir- 
 ing a superior article, is steadily increasing, well evi- 
 dencing their very great superiority. 
 
 Their works are the most extensive in the Valley, 
 and are managed in a very thorough manner. The 
 adjoining view will give a comprehensive idea of their 
 magnitude, and serve to enlighten the reading of this 
 article— a detailed review of euterprise and business- 
 sagacity. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 121 
 
 H. LEH & CO., 
 
 Wholesale MANUFACTtTRF.RS op Boots and 
 Shoes, Nos. (V20 and 628 Hamilton Rtrkkt. 
 
 Of those industrial interests that have rtone so much 
 to promote the commercial and manufactiirin<; pros- 
 perity of this city, the leather business is conspicuously 
 important as being highly productive of the general 
 wealth and well-being. The extensive enterprise of H. 
 Leh & Co., iu the manufacture of linnd-made Boots and 
 Shoes is deserving of special notice. 
 
 Tliis house was established in 1850 by H. Leh & Co., 
 aud although the same linn name has been retained 
 there have been -several changes in the proprietorship, 
 Mr. Leh, however, always having retained his interest. 
 Tlie iirm occupy the three upper floors of a large four- 
 story building, with a front of .seventy-five feet and a 
 depth of one hundred and twenty feet. This extensive 
 iloor space is all utilized by their manufacturing de- 
 partment, in which they employ one hundred and 
 seventy -fivehands, with a large monthly pay roll. From 
 sixty to sixty-five machines are in constant use, beside 
 the many other mechanical appliances that are now 
 common to first-class factories. The firm manufacture 
 about five hundred pair of boots and shoes per day, aud 
 their industry takes a front rank with similar establish- 
 ments in Fasiern Pennsylvania. 
 
 .\t the Ceutenuial Exhibition they displayed a very 
 handsome assortment of their own manufacture, and 
 were successful in securing for the display the follow- 
 ing award: "A good exhibit of Women's, Misses, and 
 Children's heavy and substantial Shoes, prime stock 
 aud workmanship, and good, full fitting and strong 
 work. The heavy mining boot, brogau and buckle 
 shoe are very superior articles fur purposes intended. 
 Prices of goods very reasonable"" This was signed by 
 all the judges and the chief bureau of awards, aud is 
 of itself a sufficient guarantee for their work. 
 
 Both members of the firm, H. Leh and H. B. Koch, 
 are natives of Allonlown. The senior, Mr. I.eh, was born 
 here in 1830, and during his business life has been 
 prominent in promoting the industrial and commercial 
 interests of Allentown, and occupies an esteemed 
 position in the consideration of this community. 
 
 In its business policy the house is liberal, enterpris- 
 ing aud reliable, and the goods which bear its trade 
 mark cannot be considered as Inferior to any manufac- 
 tured in this State. 
 
 EDWARD S. APPLE & CO., 
 
 Wholesalk Manufactuuers of Cottage Cham- 
 ber Furniture, No. 629 and 931 Walnut Street, 
 
 The excellent facilities enjoyed by Allentown as the 
 centre of a lumber trade, which converges here by 
 means of water and railroad communication from the 
 lumbering districts of the State, have stimulated all 
 manufactories in which wood is employed,and particu- 
 larly is this noticeable in the production of Furniture, 
 in which branch of manufacture the firm of E. S. Ap- 
 ple tfe Co. take a prominent position, although not es- 
 tablished until February 1, 1881. 
 
 The factory occupies a two-story building at the 
 above location, and is furnished with modern machin- 
 ery and tools for doing first-class work. Here are em- 
 ployed ten skilled mechanics under the immediate and 
 ])ractical supervi.son of the firm, both of whom give 
 their time to a careful oversight of the work, solicitous 
 that nothing leaves their cstablisliment lacking in per- 
 fect workmanship or material. Hy such attention to 
 the minute details, a bu.siness has l)eeu rapidly secured 
 throughout the city and surrounding country. They 
 give their entire attention to the manufacture of Cot- 
 tage Chamber Furniture, and ai-e producing many ele- 
 gant and substantial designs in this particular class. 
 
 By thus confining themselves to one branch of man. 
 ufacture they are enable to put in the market a much 
 superior as.sortment, and guarantee every article that 
 comes from their factory. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are Edward S. 
 Apple and Paul Winkler, both natives of Allentown, 
 and practical men in their enterprise. Both members 
 are widely known in this city, and will be found in bus- 
 iness relations prompt, liberal aud enterprising. 
 
 HENRY GABRIEL, 
 
 Manufacturer of Woolen and Cotton Goods, 
 Foot of Water Street. 
 
 Prominent among the industries that are adding tf> 
 the wealth of the community are those for the manu- 
 facture of woolen and cotton goods, employing as they 
 do a large number of hands, and weekly circulating 
 through the city large sums in wages. The oldest 
 enterprise in this branch of manufacture is that of Mr. 
 Henry 'iabricl, who established the business in 18:}9, at 
 that time at Macungie, where he remained until ]sr)0, 
 when the increasing demand for his production in- 
 fluenced the removal to Allentown. The mill consists 
 of a thrcc-story brick building, 20,xlfi0 feet in dimen- 
 sions, fitted with the modern appliances for manufac- 
 turing Woolen and Cotton Goods, Seamless Hosiery, 
 Coverlets. Quilts, Yarns, etc. Both steam and water 
 power are used in the mill, and in the various depart- 
 ments there are employed fifty hands. The production 
 of the various goods is about evenly divided in the de- 
 mand between New York and Philadelphia and the 
 local trade, and in amouut reaches about 825,000 per 
 annum. The goods have a high reputation for supe- 
 riority in body and finish, and wherever introduced 
 have always commanded the. leading prices. At the 
 Centennial Exhibition Mr. Gabriel received first pre- 
 mium, over the production of many of the leading mills 
 of the country. 
 
 Mr. Gabriel wa,s born in Germany in 1812, and early 
 in life came to this country, where he has by industry 
 and careful business habits succeeded in surrounding 
 himself with a prosperous business. He has for nearly 
 forty-years been a resident of Allentown, and for many- 
 years, iu connection with the mill, conducted a retail 
 store for his goods. He is widely known and respected. 
 
 A. W. SCHMEYER & CO., 
 
 Marble AVorkers, Union Street, Between 
 Third and Fourth. 
 
 Marble is used more aud more each year, and the 
 sawing of the rough material keeps employed many 
 hands. A prominent firm engaged in this business is- 
 that of A. W. Schmeyer & Co., whose yard is located on. 
 Union street, between Third and Fourth streets. They 
 receive the marble in the nnigli state from the leading 
 quarriesof the country. and by steam machinery prepare 
 it for the various uses fir which it is intended. Power 
 is derived from the planing mill adjoining, and the 
 works employ ten hands. The firm are also dressers of 
 Marble, designing Cornices, Door and Window Sills, 
 Monuments, Tombstones, etc., but giving particular at- 
 tention to the dcpartmciU dcvnted to sawing. 
 
 The works were established some years ago, the 
 present firm becoming proprietors in 1880, since which 
 time they have increa.sed in capacity, and been supplied 
 with sujierior facilities for rapid work. 
 
 The senior, Mr. T. J. Schmeyer, is a native.of Lehigh 
 county, and has been engaged in the marble business 
 for many years. The son, Mr. A. W. Schmeyer, is an- 
 enterprising young gentleman, and both are esteemed 
 as active business men, thoroughly understanding the- 
 details of the preparation of marble. 
 
122 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 WM. F. MOSSER, Agt., 
 
 Manufacturek of the Atj.entown Turbine 
 Water Wheel and Keystone Bark Mill, Near 
 L. V. R. R Depot. 
 
 One of the prominent industries of Allentown is that 
 ■conducted by William F. Mosser, manufaeturer of the 
 "Allentowu Turbine Water Wheel" and' "Keystone Bark 
 Mill," both of which have attained an extended popu- 
 larity throughout the country. 
 
 The enterprise was established in 1863 by Neligh & 
 Mosser, and since that time it has undergone four 
 changes, and at pre.sent is under the control of William 
 F. Mosser, one of the founders of the original firm. The 
 ■works are verj' desirably situated on the Lehigh Valley 
 Railroad, adjoining their depot, and comprises five 
 ■building.s, equipped and furnished with all the modern 
 machinery for their specialties and general machine 
 ■work. An engine of thirty-horse power is in use, and 
 forty hands are employed in the various departments. 
 
 The Allentown Turbine Water Wheel, (formerly the 
 Eureka), which forms the greater part of their manu- 
 facture, has been given many trying tests and has at all 
 times shown its superiority. A number of improve- 
 siK'iits have been made over what was known as the 
 Eureka, prominent among tliem being the dispensing 
 with the curb and gates of that wheel, and adopting in 
 their stead what is known as the Todd improved curb 
 and gates, which has proven to be of permanent benefit 
 to the wheel. The wheel is cast in one piece, the 
 buckets being turned up at their periphery to a shear, 
 so that they will cut sticks, etc., that may pass the rack, 
 the top being concave in form so that when revolving 
 the pressure of the water will relieve the step, the wheel 
 actually revolving on the water. This fact is held to be 
 of great importance. A" few years ago a es was made 
 of this wheel at Holyoke, Mass., by Jas. En er.son, Esq., 
 a 36-inch wheel under a head of 18.06 feet showed 163 
 revolutions, .59.27 horse power, 78.52 per cent, of useful 
 effect of water used, and using 2,211.70 cubic feet of 
 water. On part gate it showed 76.78 per cent, of useful 
 efiect of water u.sed. This test has fully demonstrated 
 that the Allentowu Turbine is the most powerful wheel 
 in the world, none other ever having demonstrated the 
 revolutions an(i horse power under a like head so far as 
 we have knowledge. 
 
 The Keystone Bark Mill has been in successful opera- 
 tion for a number of years, and lias proven itself one of 
 the best, cheapest and most economical bark grinders 
 ever offered to the tanners. This mill is running in 
 every Slate of the Union, from Maine to California, 
 with quite a number in Canada, Germany, Austria, 
 Holland and other foreign countries. That the mill is 
 all that is claimed for it, the very ftvet of over one 
 thousand being in successful operation is of a sufficient 
 guarantee. 
 
 Mr. Mosser, the head of this enterprise, is a native of 
 Lehigh county, and was born in 1833. He became con- 
 nected with the works at their inception in 1803, and 
 has ever since given them his entire attention. 
 
 BROBST, DIEHL & CO., 
 
 PfBHSHERs, Booksellers and Stationers, No. 
 
 732 Hamilton Street. 
 The leading house engaged in the above trade in the 
 Lehigh Valley, is that of Brobst, Diehl & Co., who oc- 
 cupy a hajidsome and commodious store. The business 
 was established in 18 17 by Kev.S. K. Brobst, who contin- 
 ued the business alone until 1872, when the firm became 
 S. K. Brobst & Co., and this was subsc(|uently changed 
 to the present title in 1877. 
 The firm are well known throughout the entire coun- 
 
 try as the publisliers of the Evangelical Lutheran 
 Church, and very many of the valued pul)lications of 
 this denomination have been placed before the reading 
 public by this house. The store is commodious, in di- 
 mensions twenty-three by seventy feet, and is stocked 
 to repletion with an extensive variety of Books, Station- 
 ery, and the general goods incident to a store of this 
 kind. A specialty is m ide of Tlieological Works and 
 Sunday School Books, together with School Books and 
 School Stationery. This class of their stock is handled 
 wholesale and retail, and the large and growing trade 
 extends over tlie city and surrounding county. Season 
 goods in various and elegant designs is an important 
 element of their trade, as well as a general line of Com- 
 mercial Blank Books of all kinds. 
 
 The printing department is well stocked with type 
 etc., for the general publishing business, and employs 
 four hands. The firm also publish two papers, Jugeiid 
 Freund and Herold and Zeitschrijt, both having a large 
 circulation. 
 
 The members ofthe firm are T. H. Diehl, M. Diehl, 
 and S. J. Brobst, a son of the founder of the house , (who 
 is now deceased). We dislike indulging in indiscrimi- 
 nate commendation, and avoid it; but in this case we 
 have no sort of hesitancy in saying that those wlio con- 
 tract relation with this house will meet with just, hon- 
 orable and liberal treatment in all respects. 
 
 WM. H. TAYLOR & CO., 
 
 Supplies for Railways, Mines, Mills, Furnaces, 
 • AND Engineers, 339 Hamilton Street. 
 
 The advantages conferred upon Allentown by its geo- 
 grapical position with reference to the railway system, 
 as well as the benefit it derives from a direct water con- 
 nection, reaching frc)m the great cities ofthe Ea.st to the 
 iuteriorof the State, are such as toprcmioteaud fosterin- 
 dustries that in a less fortunate locality would have but 
 few opportunities for growth or development. This in 
 .some measure accounts for the wonderful diversity of 
 the enterprises that are carried on in this city, among 
 which we note as a particularly useful branch of busi- 
 ness that of the house of William H. Taylor & Co. 
 
 Thi.s enterprise was started in Paterson. N. J. many 
 years ago by Mr. Wm. H. Taylor, deceased, the father of 
 the present proprietor. In 1869, at the earue-st solicita- 
 tion ofthe prominent iron manufiicturers of the Lehigh 
 Valley Mr. Taylor was induced to remove his business 
 to Allentown, where they occupy the large and conven- 
 ient store and warerooms at No. 339 Hamilton Street. 
 They are the only house in the Valley dealing exclu- 
 sively in supplies for Railways, Mines, Mills, Furnaces 
 and Engineers, and at all times keep in stock a full line 
 of articles used by these enterprises. They make a spe- 
 cialty of supplying Steam and Water Packings, Rubber 
 Goods of every description, Cotton and Woolen Waste, 
 Rubber and Leather Belting, Saw and Rolling Mill 
 Supplies, Bra.ss and Iron Valves, Whistles, Guages, Oils 
 and Cylinder Tallow, Pumps and all other Machinery 
 used about mines, as well as the supplies used by the 
 miners themselves. The house possesses every facility 
 for supplying these goods, and their extensive trade 
 reaches out through the great iron, coal and lumber 
 regions of this and Western States. 
 
 Mr. William H. Taylor, the present head ofthe house, 
 was born in Patenson, N. J., and since the removal of 
 the business to Allentown he has fully identified him- 
 self with its interests. We take pleasure in commend- 
 ing tliis admirable house to the trade as one which is 
 certain to give .satisfaction in every particular; straight 
 forward dealings, promptness and liberality, forming 
 the basis and policy on which its business is conducted. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VAT>LEY. 
 
 123 
 
 H. M. I.KII it CO, 
 
 Lion Hall Clothing Store, No. 628 Hamilton 
 
 Street. 
 
 Here is centred several first class clothing houses, the 
 largest one Ipoing that of II. M, Leh tt C'o., who occupy 
 a very commodious buiUlinff. Their store has a front 
 of twenty-two feet and extends back one hundred and 
 ten feet, the second floor being oecupic<1 by the work- 
 men; the firm employing seventy-five hands. They 
 nuuiufacture all the cluihing kept in stock, and also 
 Iiavc a very large custom trade, requiring the services 
 of four cutters constantly. Being thoroughly acquaint- 
 ed with the linsiuess of making superior clothing, and 
 giving it their personal attention, they have secured 
 the largest trade in the city, and each season keep add- 
 ing to thCir ninuber of patrons. They also carry a full 
 and complete line of Furnishing'Goods. 
 
 The house was established in 1863 by Breinig & Leh. 
 who remained at its head until January 1, 187G, when 
 the firm of II. IM. I-eh & Co. succeeded, and have very 
 greatly increased the trade since the proprietorship. 
 
 The firm is composed of Messrs. H. M. Leh, A. D. 
 Dresher, and F. P. Lentz, all residents of Allentown, 
 and active and enterprising business gentleman. Few 
 houses have so rapidly attained the same success, 
 fewer still that enjoy the confidence of its supporters 
 more. Thoroughly understanding the trade, they are 
 recognized as leaders in their business, aud are person- 
 ally esteemed and respected. 
 
 W. B. POWELL, 
 
 Agricultural Machinery, No. 834 Hamilton 
 Street. 
 
 The production of Agricultural Machinery has made 
 woi\derful revolutions in farming, every farm being 
 now supplied with these essentials. Being the county 
 seat of Lehigh county, Allentown has located within 
 her midst several enterprising business men, who deal 
 exclusively in Agricultural Machinery, prominent 
 among the number being Mr. W. B. Powell. 
 
 The business has been established about forty years, 
 and is probably the oldest stand in the city devoted to 
 this trade. Farmers will here find all the implements 
 in use by them, including the celebrated Buckeye Mow- 
 er and Reaper.Bates' Reaping Machine, Bates' Self-Rake, 
 Triumph Reaping Machine, Horse Powers and Thresh- 
 ers.Cultivators.Land Rollers, Field Seeds etc. The stock is 
 unusually large, embracing a greater variety than is 
 carried by any similar establishment. The well known 
 reputation of this gentleman guarantees the utmost sat- 
 isfaction with any machine that he may sell, as he per- 
 mits a trial with most of them before payment is made. 
 
 Mr. Powell isagentleman that makes no misrepresen- 
 tations to efl'ect sales, and one with whom it is a pleas- 
 ure to do business. 
 
 S. & W. ROTH, 
 
 Manufacturer OF Bricks, Corner Third and 
 Gordon Streets. 
 
 The rapid improvements in the city have stimulated 
 the manufacture of brick more than any other industry 
 and tlic erection of many new buildings to keep pace 
 with the city's growth have made a very great demand 
 for them at home. 
 
 The leading manufacturers in this community is the 
 firra of S. & W. Roth. The finn are owners of another 
 yard, which is situated on Tenth Street, they working 
 both together, and employing at the two yards, 58 hands 
 The main yard, at Third and (iordou streets, includes 
 nine acres, upon which are three kilns, and the various 
 other buildings aud sheds essential to carrying on the 
 business. They manulacture an average of thirty thous- 
 and brick per day, or about three aud a half millions 
 
 for the season, and are the largest producers in the Val- 
 ley, in which their trade is entirely located. 
 
 The large yard was opened in ls')7 by the senior of the 
 present firm, Mr. Samnel Roth, who conducted the bus- 
 iness alone until 1861 .when the brother was admitted. 
 They have been engaged under the firm name of S. & 
 W. Roth continuously for twenty years, and have suc- 
 ceeded in building up and retaining a very large trade. 
 They were the first in the Valley to burn brick with 
 coal and only successful after much ojiuratiou. .Messrs. 
 Samuel and William Rotb are both natives of Allentown,. 
 and are ranked among its prominent and respected 
 business men. They are active and industrious gentle- 
 men, and honorable in all their dealings. 
 
 HERSH & BRO., 
 
 Stoves, JI EATERS and Ranges, No. 801 Hamilton 
 Street. 
 
 One of the representative houst's of Allentown is that 
 of Hersh «Si Bro., dealers in Stoves, Heaters, Ranges, and 
 Tin-Ware, who were established in 187o. They occupy 
 the first and second floors, and basement, and this area 
 is fully utilized by their growing business. Their stock 
 is large, varied and valuable, and includes Furnaces, 
 Ranges, Heaters, Stoves, Low-Down Cirates, etc., of the 
 leading manufacturers of the country. This store is- 
 specially adapted to the purpose, embracing an area of 
 24 by C5 feet. The workshop is located in the rear, and 
 in dimensions is 20 by 50 feet, and furnished with every- 
 thing necessary to the prompt and perfect production 
 of their work. The firm are manufacturers of tinware 
 and paint cans, and employ in this department seven 
 to twelve hands. They have a large jobbing trade in tin- 
 ware, extending throughout the greater part of the 
 Lehigh Valley aud the entire coal region. 
 
 Among the special articles in which they deal, are 
 the Colorado Refrigerators and Hersh's Wrought Iron 
 Furnaces, which are recognized to be among the best in 
 the market. The individual members of the firm are 
 James N. and Franklin H. Hersh, both natives of Lehigh 
 County, the former being born in 1849, and the latter in 
 1851. Although established but six years, they have 
 succeeded in building up a large trade, and the house 
 is now one of the most imjiortant in this line in the city 
 and has attained a reputation second to no other in this- 
 class of goods. 
 
 GUTH & KERN, 
 
 Dry Goods & Notions, No. 634 Hamilton Street. 
 
 Many things contribute to make Allentown an im- 
 portant purchasing centre for all classes of goods.— 
 To accommodate the concentration of trade here there 
 will be found a number of enterprising men in their 
 respective departments, who have established houses 
 that are a credit to the city. Among the number will 
 be found the house of Guth & Kern, who occupy a 
 foremost position in the drj- goods trade. These gentle- 
 man are located in the large double-front store at No. 634 
 Hamilton street, where they carry a stock that is 
 not excelled in quality by any other establishment in 
 the city. In Dry Goods their assortment embraces the 
 many novelties that are not often found in other houses 
 in Allentown, and one of such quality as to command 
 much of the better cla-s of the trade. In addition will 
 be found a full line of notions, including everything 
 common to this department. The store was established 
 in 18CG, and has a frontage of 18 feet, with a depth of 
 70 feet, in which are employed a number of salesmen. 
 
 Messrs. Guth & Kern are active and enterprising bus- 
 iness gentleman, and tlieir experience in the dry goods 
 trade gives them a very promiment position in compe- 
 tition with other houses. They are greatly respected 
 in both public and private life. 
 
124 
 
 RESOUllCES OF THE LEHIGH VAET.EY. 
 
 WOLF & HAMAKER, 
 
 Manufactukers of Middlings Puri- 
 fier, Corner Third and Union 
 Streets. 
 In the manufacture of superior flour the 
 Middlings Purifier has enabled millers to pro- 
 duce a finer and purer article at the same 
 cost than was common under the old man- 
 ner. The manufacture of these Purifiers has 
 become an important industry, Allentown 
 being the location of the firm of Wolf & llani. 
 aker, who are rapidly assuming the leading 
 position as manufacturers of these articles in 
 Eastern Pennsylvania. Their works occu- 
 py a two and a half story frame buildin<;. 
 24 by CO feet iu dimensions, and employin;; 
 ten hands. 
 
 Their Middlings Purifier; was pateute 
 April 8 1879, with a re-i.ssue April 20 1880. 
 This Purifier is adapted to all mills, large or siuaii, aud 
 purifies either Spring or Winter wheat. The machine 
 is so constructed that no air can go through it without 
 acting on the middlings and sieve, and pcssesses two 
 shakers, the middlings traveling backward on the upiter 
 sieve, with a fine cloth and light suction, where the 
 fine middlings and the light flour is taken out, without 
 any waste in blowing or offal, and from the upper sieve 
 it is dropped to the lower, with a stronger suction aud 
 traveling iu the opposite direction. The middlings from 
 the upper shaker is then discharged to the bottom of 
 the lower shaker and mixed with thO' course, or, it can 
 be discharged separately at the back, and just as the 
 party asing it wishes to have it. It is conceded by 
 those who have used it to be the completest purifier 
 manufactured, and its popularity is continually spread- 
 ing. 
 
 Mr. Wolf, the senior member of the firm, and one of 
 the patentees, is in direct charge of their manufacture. 
 His partner, Mr. D. h. Hamaker, is a resident of East 
 Hempfield, Lancaster county, where he is engaged in 
 the milling business. These gentleman are rapidly 
 introducing their excellent Purifier in the mills of East- 
 ern Pennsylvania, and as fast as they are manufactur- 
 ed they find purchasers. 
 
 MASSEY'S JEWELRY ESTABLISHMENT, 
 625 Hamilton Street. 
 
 This is the oldest established jewelry store iu Allen- 
 town, and was founded in 1835, by Mr. Charles S. Mas- 
 sey, who continued the business here until his death in 
 1881, a period of forty-six years. This establishment 
 keeps constantly on hand a large assortment of all 
 kinds of Jewelry, etc., such as Watches, of foreign and 
 domestic manufacture, Clocks, Silverware, Spectacles, 
 etc. The business is now under the management of Mr. 
 J. H. Massey, who brings to it younger ideas and enter- 
 prise, which has already manifested itself iu a larger 
 and more extended variety of goods. A practical de- 
 partment is that of the repairing and adjusting of 
 watches, in which there are employed three assistants, 
 all of whom are skilled workmen and practical watch- 
 makers, who carefully execute all work placed in their 
 hands. 
 
 Mr. Massey is a life-long resident of Allentown, hav- 
 ing been born in the city in 1845, and early entered the 
 store of his father, and upon his death in 1881, succeeded 
 to the management of the business, for which he is pre- 
 •eminently fitted. With his zeal and energy in business, 
 we bespeak for him a large patronage in the near future. 
 He is very generally esteemed in both, public and pri- 
 vate life. 
 
 W. R. STECKEL, 
 
 Fine, Fancy and Staple Groceries, 639 Hamil- 
 ton St reet. 
 The leading establishment in the city for the sale of 
 the finest class of Family Groceries is that of Mr. W. K. 
 Steckel, whose store is literally stocked with fine, fancy 
 and staple groceries, The business was established in 
 1872 by the present proprietor, who was compelled in 
 1878 to remove, to accommodate the growing trade, to 
 the commodious and desirable store where now located. 
 It is in every respect adapted to his particular demands, 
 and in dimensions is twenty-two by sixty feet. The 
 specialties are Teas, Coflfees, aud substantials, and every- 
 thing suitable for the breakfast, luncheon, dinner and 
 tea table. Great care is taken by him in the selection 
 of choice teas of fine quality, which are put up in con- 
 venient packages to suit the requirements of his cus- 
 tomers. Beside a full line of staple goods, there will be 
 found a choice assortment of canned goods, including 
 all the Vegetables, Pickles, Olives, Preserves, Marma- 
 lade, and Jellios.together with the finest Olive Oil every 
 bottle of which is guaranteed to be pure, Avhich make 
 up the most complete and valuable stock of necessaries 
 and delicacies to be found in the city. The trade con- 
 nected with the house is very large, requiring the at- 
 tention of four assistants, who, like their employer, 
 make every possible effort to give satisfaction to all. 
 
 Mr. Steckel has been a resident of Allentown for six- 
 •teen years, and previous to opening the present estab- 
 lishment was engaged in the dry goods and grocery 
 business, and is in his knowledge of the business in 
 which he is engaged, not to be excelled. As a citizen 
 he is highly respected. 
 
 W. J. EGGE & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of Bricks, Tenth Street Near 
 
 Allen. 
 Few cities of the same size have within their limits 
 so many manufacturers of brick as can be found in Al- 
 lentown. The clay found in this vicinity is recognized 
 as being very superior for the purpose, aud the brick 
 manufactured therefrom are considered to be the equal 
 if not superior of any produced in the Valley. The 
 quantity annually manufactured at this point is con- 
 tinually growing greater, and it forms one of the im- 
 portant industries of the city. Prominent among the 
 yards here located, will be found that of W. J. Egge & 
 Co., which was opened about fifteen years ago. The 
 site is a very desirable one, and comprises every facility 
 for the rapid manufacture of Brick of all common 
 grades. The production of the yard averages about 
 twelve thousand brick per day, and this amount is not 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 125 
 
 »tny more than s\ifficient to supply tlie growing trade of 
 the firm. They have Iwu kilus, one with a capacity of 
 ^00,1)00 and the other of Ito.oou brick, and employ about 
 the premises fifteen to twenty hands. There being no 
 demand for homemade pressed brick, the firm confine 
 themselves exclusively to manufacturing the ordinary 
 red brick, and now occupy a leading position in the 
 trade. 
 
 The lirm is composed of William J. Kgge and W. P. 
 Huber, both natives of Alleutowu, the former, and head 
 of the firm, being a practical man in brick making of 
 tifty years' experience. 
 
 KNAU.^-S <& GKAMMKS, 
 
 Machinists and Agents fok the Otto Silent 
 Gas Engine, 726 Hamii.tun Street. 
 
 This is one of the most commendable enterprises in 
 AUentown, where they do general machine repairing 
 -and manufacture various articles of utility. The busi- 
 ness was established in IST.j by Mr. George L. Knauss, 
 «3 a machine and repair shop, in a room sixteen feet 
 square, but in the short space of six mouths he was com- 
 pelled to increase his facilities by the introduction of 
 new machinery and the enlargement of his shop by the 
 addition of another room. A year later he took the 
 agency for a number of sewing machines, and slill fur- 
 ther increased his facilities. In 1878 Mr. Lewis F. 
 ■Grammes, an experienced mechanic, entered into part- 
 nership, the name of the tirm being George L. Knauss 
 & Co., wliich continued without change until January 
 1, 1881, when the present title was adopted. At the 
 same time finding that their shop was entirely inade- 
 quate for their business, which had now become large, 
 ■they leased the storeroom at 7ii0 Hamilton street, and 
 the large brick shop in the rear of the premises, on 
 Maple street, thirty by ninety feet in dimensions. This 
 shop they fitted up with new machinery, and placed in 
 it one of the Otto Silent Gas engines. 
 
 They employ seven hands, who, on accmmt of the 
 pressure of work, put in twelve hours i)er day. The 
 kind of work they arc i)rincipally engaged in is manu- 
 facturing cigar box machinery for parties in New York, 
 making Lathes, Knitting Machines, and any kind of 
 light machinery. They also manufacture Tower Clocks, 
 .and repair any make of Sewing Machines, 
 
 The storeroom. No. 726 Hamilton street, is stocked with 
 sewing machines— they selling eleven kinds— The New 
 I)avis, Improved Elias Howe, St. .John, Improved Stew- 
 ard, Improved American, Improved Singer, New Home, 
 Improved Wilson, Household, White and Domc.--tic. All 
 the attachments to any of these machines can be had 
 at this place, as well as Needles, Thread, etc. They arc 
 also agents for the Domestic Paper Patterns, and the 
 ■Challenge, the Rival and the Lester Bracket Saws. 
 
 Both members of the firm are natives of AUentown, 
 and arc practical mechanics, their knowledge in this 
 direction being evinced by the manner they have secured 
 success. This enterprise takes a prominent position 
 among Alleutown's industries. 
 
 A. J. KLEPPINGER, 
 
 Wholesale Gkocers, 145 and 1'17 Hamilton 
 
 Stkeet. 
 Each year witnesses the growth of the wholesale trad^ 
 of this city, and the near future gives promise of a 
 brighter business activity. The business of this house 
 was established in 1876 by the present proprietor, who 
 has conducted it upon such principles that the house 
 rapidly grew in favor with dealers, and the trade in a 
 vrry shoit while reached a large amount. He occupies 
 a three-story brick building, with a front of thirty feet 
 and a depth of one hundred and sixteen feet, which 
 
 gives very ample space for the storage of his large 
 stock. He keeps a full line of groceries and provisions, 
 including Teas, Coffees, Spices, etc., of acknowledged 
 purity and excellence, and a general variety of all goods 
 embraced in a flrst-class establishment of this kind. 
 The business of the house is confined entirely to local 
 traile, and it enjoys a high reputation in the mercantile 
 C(jmmimity of AUentown. 
 
 Mr. Kleppinger is a native of AUentown, and is a 
 young gentleman of enterprise and well qualified to 
 carry on successfully the business he so firmly estab- 
 lished. Possessed of the attributes which are requisite 
 for successful business men, he has sustained in this 
 city an enterprise that exercises a strong influence in 
 making this a desirable purchasing centre. 
 
 ALLENTOWN OIL COMPANY, 
 
 L. H. Gross, Manager, Office, Corner Centre 
 Square and South Seventh STRr:KT. 
 
 A moug the new enterprises located in this city, and 
 one that rapidly assumed prominence, is the AUentown 
 Oil Company, which was organized December 1, 1880. 
 The Company are dealers in all kinds of Lubricating, 
 Carbon and Headlight Oils, and furnishes dealers with 
 any desired quantity and at lowest quotable prices. 
 Their warehoases are both located at Salisburg, on the 
 Reading Railroad, where they receive the oil in tanks 
 and barrel it for the trade. This oil is received direct 
 from the leading oil centres of the country, in such quan- 
 tities that it gives them decided advantage over other 
 dealers. Orders at the office on South Seventh street, 
 near Centre Square, will receive prompt attention and 
 ensure the delivery of oil in the shortest possible time. 
 The business of the Company was commenced in a 
 comparatively small way, but proved successful from 
 the first, and has gradually reached proportions of no 
 inconsiderable magnitude. 
 
 Mr. Gross, the manager, is a gentleman thoroughly 
 conversant with the oil business. The Company stand 
 at the head of the trade, and are favorably known 
 throughout this entire section. The unusual facilities 
 possessed by the AUentown Oil Company enable them 
 to offer to customers and the trade generally the most 
 reliable goods, on the most favorable terms. 
 
 OAK HALL CIGAR FACTORY, 
 
 ■ Weaver Bros., Prop's,46 North Seventh Street. 
 
 It has become an axiom in the cigar manufacturing 
 trade that those only succeed who get up a good article 
 at a fair price, and then maintain it at its full standard. 
 The truth of this is exemplified in the success of Weav- 
 er Brothers, proprietors of Oak Hall Cigar Factory, who 
 in April, 1880, succeeded Mr. J. D. Weaver, the gentle- 
 man that established the business in 1878. 
 
 They occupy a handsome and sub>tautial brick build - 
 ing,.54x80 feet,and three-stories in height, in which about 
 100 to 150 skilled workmen are employed producing on 
 an average 200,000 cigars per month, or about 2,'>or».000 
 annually, including many of the finest brands iti the 
 market. Their facilities for producing such a large 
 quantity of these goods, enables them to purchase the 
 leaf direct from growers, securing the most fiivorable 
 terms. Their trade is principally located in the West, 
 where their cigars have a high reputation for excel- 
 lence. The retail department is stocked with the choic- 
 est of their manufacture, and smokers are always sure 
 of securing the finest flavored in the market. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are Messrs. Jacob 
 D. Weaver, born in AUentown in 1&53, and Milton D. 
 Weaver, born here in 1813. They are rated among the 
 most reliable dealers in the trade, and have built up 
 their present extensive business by industry and hon- 
 est dealing. 
 
128 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VAIJKY. 
 
 ALLF^' T.tTTrAl. FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 
 Office, 720 Hamilton Street. 
 
 The subject ol rire iusuruiiiv is one that interests bus- 
 iness man and no prudent gentleman, either in public 
 or private life who has money values or property, 
 would neglect to make some provision against a possi- 
 ble loss. In making such provision, the first essential 
 point is the selection of a first-class reliable company, 
 one that has stood the trials of business life for a long 
 term of years, and has installed itself into the confidence 
 of the community by an honorable and upright course. 
 
 The oldest company in Allentown is the Allen Mu- 
 tual Fire Insurance Company, which was incorporated 
 March 3, 1859, and since that time, has pursued a most 
 successful business career, always paying its obligations 
 promptly, and all its transactions meeting with the ap- 
 proval of its many policy holders. As an evidence of 
 the character and standing of the 'Old Allen," the last 
 annual statement of the Company will show at a glance 
 the extent of its business and its solvency : 
 
 Balance Sheet, January 1, 1881. 
 
 JDR. 
 
 Assets $ 1,492.34 
 
 Policies Assessable .... 557,091.25 
 
 CR. 
 
 Income ---... $1,720.72 
 
 Expenses— Including all Losses - - 1,259.48 
 
 The officers and directors are gentleman well-known 
 in Allentown, and throughout the Lehigh Valley, and 
 represent .some of the most substantial business men in 
 this part of Pennsylvania. They are as follows: Presi- 
 dent, C. J. Erdman; Vice President, Ephraim Grim; 
 Secretary and Treasurer, T. B. Leiscnring ; Directors, 
 C. J, Erdman, Ephraiu Grim, Dr. A. J. Martin, Henry 
 Gabri3], Jacob Ernst, Wm. R. Lawfer, Owen H. Laub, 
 W. K. Ruhe, F. J. Newhard, L. A. T. Wartman, R. Clay 
 Hamersly, and T. B. Leisenring. 
 
 The office of the Company is at No. 720 Hamilton 
 Street, where the Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. Leisen- 
 ring, is in constant attendance. Those desirious of in- 
 suring property would consult their own interest by 
 placing their risks with this reliable Company, and 
 , thus secure a connection that would prove of benefit 
 where most desired. Their rates are only about one 
 half charge by the ordinary stock companies and only 
 first class risks are taken. 
 
 REUBEN ENGLEMAN, 
 
 Carhiage Builder, 113 South Seventh Street. 
 
 Allentown is the location of several first-class carriage 
 builders, and among that number must be classed Mr. 
 Reuben Engleman. The business was established as 
 iiir back as 1850, and in 1859 it was removed to the pres- 
 ent location, one of the most convenient in the city.— 
 The building is a substantial three-story structure of 
 frame fitted up in the most desirable and complete man. 
 ner with every facility for prosecuting the manufacture 
 of carriages through its many stages. A large elevator 
 runs from the show room on the first floor to the third 
 floor, enabling them to transport the carriages in a 
 completed condition from the paint-room to the ware- 
 rooms. 
 
 The establishment is divided into several departments 
 comprising the blacksmith, wood-working and paint 
 shops, and trimming and finishing rooms, requiring the 
 employment of a number of hands, and under the su- 
 perintendence of the proprietor in person. All kinds 
 of carriages and light wagons are built in any and 
 every style and for every required purpose. Particular 
 attention is given to repairing of vehicles of every de- 
 scription. The greater part of the work is built to order 
 and as this establishment is well and favorably known 
 
 throughout Lehigh county for the turning out of cai- 
 riagesaud wagons that are celebrated fur their long 
 wear, the factory has a very desirable trade. 
 
 Mr. Fugleman is a native of Allentown, and has been 
 engaged in the present business since 1814. He is an 
 industrious and practical mechanic, and fairly merits 
 the high reputation he has achieved. 
 
 BIRCHALL & PARTON, 
 
 Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters, 42 North 
 
 Seventh Street. 
 The most conspicuous house in the above trade in Al- 
 lentown, is that of Birchall & Parton, which was estab- 
 lished in 1869 by the present firm. Their establishment 
 is extensive, occupying an area of 20x70 feet. The gen 
 eral stock, which is very complete and valuable, com- 
 pri.ses Bath-Tubs, Water Closets, Copper and Wrought 
 Iron Boilers, fittings of Wrought Iron Pipe. Hot Air Reg- 
 isters and Ventilators, Iron and Brass Globe Valves, 
 and Stop Cocks, and, indeed, all materials which are 
 requisite for supplying plumbers, steam and gas fitters. 
 They also carry in stock, or will order from the leading 
 houses of New York or Philadelphia ga; chandelers and 
 fixtures of all kinds. They make a speciality of Steam 
 Heating by direct or indirect radiation. In every 
 branch pertaining to the trade this house is prepared 
 to compete with any within a range of ten to twenty 
 miles of this city, and estimates are promptly and cheer- 
 fully given. Every invention or improvement made 
 in this business is at once secured or adopted by the 
 house, which may be implicitly depended upon to ful- 
 fill all contracts undertaken with promptness and with 
 entire satisfaction to all concerned. 
 
 Mr. Birchall is a native of Philadelphia, and Mr. Par- 
 ton of Brooklyn, New York, and both are practical men 
 and thorough plumbers. They hold a high position in 
 the community as enterprising and reliable business 
 men. 
 
 S. 0. BACHMAN, 
 
 Flour, Feed. Grain and Hay, 107 and 109 Ham- 
 ilton 8trep:t. 
 
 Prominent among the houses in Allentown that are 
 devoted to supj)lying the necessaries of life to man and 
 beast, is that of Mr. S. O. Bachman, dealer in Flour, 
 Feed, Grain and Hay. The business was establishecl 
 about thirteen years ago, by Mr. Thomas Strauss, who 
 relinquished the business to his son, John A. Strauss 
 and the present proprietor in 1880 ; in 1881 Mr. J. A. 
 Strauss retired and Mr. B. succeeded in March, 1881. 
 
 The business location is a most desirable one, imme- 
 diately on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and comprises 
 a large three-story brick building, 40x70 feet in dimen- 
 sion, all of which is in use to accommodate the trade 
 connected with the house. Mr. Bachman deals prin- 
 cipally in Western flour, among the brands being those 
 of Pillsbury's, Christian's and Barber's, all of which 
 have become fixmous throughout the country for their 
 purity and e-xcellence. His unusual facilities for the 
 receipt and shipment of flour, as well as the extensive 
 storehouse, enables him to carry in stock a sufficient 
 quantity to at once fill any order that may be required. 
 Grain, Feed and Hay forms also an important branch 
 of the business, and the trade in these commodities 
 stamps the house as first-class in every particular. 
 
 Mr. Bachman was born in Freemansburg, North- 
 ampton county, in 1847, and for nine years has been en- 
 gaged in the milling business. He is also interested in 
 the production of iron ore. He attends personally to 
 the flour and feed business, and his lengthened exper- 
 ience and knowledge of the trade gives him many ad- 
 vantages which his patrons derive material benefit. 
 
RESOUllCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 127 
 
 C. F. WOLFERTZ & CO., 
 
 Manufactukf.ks of Pen and Pocket Cutelry, 
 304, 306, 308 AND 310 RiDGE Road. 
 There are certain enterprises carried on here which 
 cannot be regarded as of secondary importance to the 
 growth and prosperity of the city in an industrial sense. 
 Of such firms that of C. F. Wolfertz »&Co. are prominent. 
 Established in 1862, the business was commenced on a 
 small scale, growing gradually from year to year, the 
 founder and proprietor paying more attention to the 
 excellence of the wares manufactured than the amount 
 of sales or monetary return. He has devoted himself 
 with ardor to the production of edged tools which 
 should be at least equal to any manufactured in this 
 country, and vie in excellence with the imported Eng- 
 lish goods. That he has succeeded in this object is no 
 matter of doubt, and the excellence attained in the 
 production of his specialties is such as to have created 
 a demand from the nearest as well as the most remote 
 part of the United States. 
 
 As before stated, the business was established in 1862, 
 by Mr. Wolfertz, who continued alone until 1873, when 
 the firm became Wolfertz & Waldman. The next and last 
 change was in 1879, when it was succeeded by Wolfertz & 
 Co., the sons of Mr. W. representing the "Co." The history 
 of the enterprise is interesting. His first motive power 
 was furnished by dogs, which turned a large wheel, 
 which in turn propelled the other machinery. But this 
 primitive style of moving machinery was found to be 
 insufficient and as his business increased he had 
 to look for other power. He next tried water 
 power, which for a time answered the requirements, 
 but as time moved on, it too was found inadequate and 
 too Irregular. His progress and success compelled him 
 to introduce steam and machinery of a more extensive 
 and improved character, until he found that his orig- 
 inal premises, though enlarged, were too small to ac- 
 commodate his business. Accordingly he looked about 
 for a location to establish his works and secured a site 
 at the corner of Cbevf Street and Ridge Road, and at 
 once erected a very handsome and commodious build- 
 ing, and removed thereto from his old location at 604 
 Hamilton Street, in May 1, 1881. The dimensions of 
 this establishment are as follows : entire front 67 feet, 
 main building 97 feet deep ; forging shop, 20 by 24 feet; 
 raw material room, 20 feet square ; office and ware- 
 rooms, 20 by 80 feet ; the whole, with the exception of 
 the engine room, being two-stories, and constructed of 
 brick. Forty operators, most of whom are experts in 
 the working of steel and finishing of fine cutlery, are en- 
 gaged here, while one fifteen-horse power engine is re- 
 quired to move the machinery. When tlie establish- 
 ment is in complete running order the number of hands 
 employed will be considerably increased. 
 
 The firm confine themselves exclusively to the 
 manufacture of Pen and Pocket Cutlery, and the qual- 
 ity of these goods may be implicitly relied upon, being 
 manufactured of the best cast steel, and are guaranteed 
 to be flawless. These works are the only ones of the 
 kind in the Valley. 
 
 Mr. C. F. Wolfertz is a native of Germany, coming to 
 this country in 1803, and worked as a journeyman at 
 his trade in Philadelphia until 1862, when he located 
 in Alleutown, and founded the present enterprise. His 
 standing is so well known as to need no commendation 
 atourliands; suffice to say, that in a career extending 
 over so long a period, he has maintained a reputation 
 of which he may be justly proud, and for which he is 
 entitled to the highest consideration. The large build- 
 ing which he erected for this industry, is an ornament 
 to that portion of the town wherein it is located, and 
 a monument to the enterprise and business tact of its 
 founder. 
 
 F.W. WEIL & CO., 
 
 Wholesale Manufacturers of Parlor Snr,-. 
 1031 AND 1033 Linden Street. 
 
 While reviewing the manufacturing interests and en- 
 terprises of AUentown, we were more than ordinarily 
 attracted by the establishment of F. W. Weil & Co., and 
 the Parlor Suits producedby the firm.the "Co," of which 
 is merely nominal. 
 
 The buildings were erected many years ago by Mr. 
 Weil and operated under the firm name of S. Domblas- 
 er & Co., until succeeded by Mr. George P. Weil, in 1877. 
 This gentleman continued the business until 1879, when 
 the firm of T. W. Weil & Co, was organized and began 
 the manufacture of Furniture exclusively. The locu- 
 tion of the manufactory is very desirable, and the firm 
 have abundance of room for the storage of lumber and- 
 other purposes. The main building is of frame, two- 
 and a half stories, and thirty by one hundred and twen- 
 ty feet in dimensions, furnished throughout with all 
 the modern machinery and appliances for manufactur- 
 ing Furniture. A force of twenty workmen are employ- 
 ed continually in the establishment, while a twenty- 
 four horse-power engine is used to operate the machin- 
 ery, much of which is ingenious, and especially design- 
 ed for this particular work. 
 
 The firm are wholesale manufacturers of Parlor Suits, 
 and confine themselves exclusively to their particular 
 goods. From the receipt of the wood in the rough to 
 the handsomely designed furniture, every process of 
 manufacture is executed by the establishment. The 
 trade is located in New York, Philadelphia and North- 
 ern and Eastern Pennsylvania, and is rapidly growing 
 to large proportions. 
 
 The proprietor of the enterprise, Mr. F.W. Weil, was 
 born in New York city in 1849, and for twenty-five years 
 has been a resident of Allentown. The eciuitable man- 
 ner in which he conducts his business, as well as the 
 admirable quality and character of the furniture man- 
 ufactured, are guarantees of future success. 
 
 W. F. HECKER, 
 
 Millinery and Notions, 619 and 621 Hamilton 
 Street. 
 
 One of the handsomest establishments on Hamilton 
 street, is that of Mr. W. F. Hecker, dealer in Millinery 
 and Notion Goods and Sewing Machines. It has an at- 
 tractively painted double front of twenty-four feet, and 
 extending back to a depth of sixty feet, which includes 
 the workroom in the rear. This spacious storeroom is 
 stocked with a very select assortment of new and fasli- 
 ionable millinery goods, including all the leading styles 
 in Ladies' Hats and Bonnets and Trimmings for the 
 same. As fast as these articles are introduced in the 
 large cities, they are secured by Mr. Hecker, thus keep- 
 ing his stock up to a very superior standard. Ladies 
 can obtain their bonnets already trimmed or made 
 to order, in either case the utmost satisfaction guar- 
 anteed and assured. Practical milliners are always 
 employed, who thoroughly understand the prevailing 
 styles, and are ready to execute orders with the utmost 
 dispatch. For these goods it is the leading store in the 
 city, and ladies will at all times find that they can se- 
 cure greater bargains for less money than in common 
 with establishments outside of the large cities. 
 
 Mr. Hecker is the agent for the well-known Domestic 
 and Weed Sewing Machines, and also deals in those of 
 other makes, particularly the Wheeler & Wilson. 
 
 Mr. Hecker is a native of Lehigh county, and in 1865 
 began the business of store-keeping, removing to Allen- 
 town in 1868, and in 1869 to the present commodious 
 and desirable situation, where he commands the lead- 
 ing trade of the line in the city. 
 
!28 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 TILGHMANSTATLER, 
 
 Manufactukf.r ok Carriages, Buogies, Slkigiis, 
 ETC., N. E. Corner Sixth and Linden Streets. 
 
 These works were established in 1830 by Stephen Bai-- 
 ber, who was succeeded ill l&i2 by the present jyroprie- 
 tor, who has successfully carried them on, for a period 
 of tliirty-nine years. 
 
 The premises consist of a three-story structure, 26 by 
 152 feet, with other building.*, the whole forming a very 
 extensive plant. The building is substantially con- 
 structed of brick, well fitted throughout for the liusiness 
 and supplied with every requisite for all work in the 
 line of fine carriage building, and general repairing of 
 fUkindsof vehicles. Mr. Statler employs sixteen hands, 
 and is himself a practical builder, perfectly familiar 
 with the manufacture of Carriages, making it his ob- 
 ject to excel, and the superiority of his work has be- 
 comi.- so well known that the trade has gradually in. 
 creased until it now reaches nearly 130,000 per annum, 
 The trade is principally local including a stretch of 
 country extending thirty miles around AUentown. The 
 large store-room on the iirst floor is at all times well 
 stocked with a superior variety of pleasure carriages, 
 embracing all the fashionable styles in use in this sec- 
 tion, to the imspectiou of which the public is respect- 
 fully invited. 
 
 Mr. Statler, the head of this enterprise, the largest in 
 the city, was born near AUentown in 181S, but for a 
 number of years was a resident of Northampton coun- 
 ty. As before stated, Mr. statler is a practical man in 
 the busines.s, and only asks an opportunity to compete 
 with other manufacturers to show that he can ofter ad- 
 vantages in all respects equal in style, quality or price. 
 Mr. Statler, as a manufacturer of carriages occupies the 
 very front ranks. 
 
 REUBEN SOLLIDAY, 
 
 Manufacturer OF Ikon Railings, Corner Ninth 
 AND Walnut Street. 
 
 i'or many years Mr. Reuben Solliday has been well 
 aud favorably known in AUentown as a practical and 
 skillful machinist, and the work turned out from every 
 branch of his establishment has long been recognized 
 by the community as lirbt-class. It is now fourteen 
 years since he began the manufacture of Iron Railings, 
 in this city, aud during this lengthened period he has 
 been continuously engaged iu the business, and his 
 name and reputation as a manufacturer have become 
 wide-spread and well-known throughout the entire 
 Valley . 
 
 He occupies extensive buildings, including foundry, 
 machine shop, warehouse, etc.. supplied with tirst-class 
 iiiachinery aud tools for the manufacture of all kinds 
 •of Railings. From seven to ten hands are employed in 
 the various departments. 
 
 Mr. Solliday is the patenteee of a number of orna- 
 mented Iron Railings, and manufactures from twenty- 
 five to thirty different iiatterns. He keeps in stock a 
 large variety of new designs, made of wrought iron, and 
 beautifully ornamented with fancy castings, which for 
 ligluuess, durability aud beauty cannot be excelled. 
 He also has a number of new styles of French Roof 
 Railings, and Patent wrought iron Cellar Gates, as well 
 as an extensive variety of Gaiden Ornaments, Flower 
 Stauds, etc., all of which arc manufactured in the most 
 substantial manner. 
 
 Mr. Solliday is a native of AUentown, esteemed and 
 respected by all. Those contemplating repairing or 
 building new fences around their residences, would 
 consult their own interests by giving him a call and in- 
 specting the many handsome designs that he manu- 
 factures. Ilis railings make the handsomest fencing 
 that is in use, and add very much to the value and ap- 
 ]ii'arjince of property when ^Mrrollnded by it. 
 
 BANKS it MATH I. AS, 
 
 Chair M.\m facturer.s, 812 Hamilton Steet. 
 
 One of the oldest factories in the city is that of Banks 
 it Mathias, who manufacture very extensively all kinds 
 S)ilint and Wood Bottom Chairs. It has been iu opera- 
 tion for about 50 years. It was started by Reuben 
 Rice ; afterwards became Rice & Sieger, and was con- 
 tinued by Reuben Sieger until 1880, when the present 
 firm was organized. They occupy three buildings, the 
 storo and salesroom being a three-.story structure, 20 by 
 •■"lO feet, in dimensions; storage building, 20 by 40 feet, 
 aud the factory, 20 by 60 feet, four stories in height and 
 employ eight hands. This gives ample room for their 
 business, which is constantly growing and gives evi- 
 ilcnce of now becoming an important industry. Their 
 chairs are substantially made, comprising all the dif- 
 ferent kinds of Splint and Wood Bottom Hou.se aud 
 Oflice Chairs. The trade is both wholesale and retail, 
 and extends through the Lehigh Valley to Towanda, 
 aud the Schuylkill region. A speciality is made of re- 
 pairing and repainting old chairs, and all work left 
 with them receives prompt attention. 
 
 Mr. Charles Banks, the senior of the firm, is a native 
 of Schuylkill county, while Mr. Christian Mathias is of 
 Berks county. They are active and industrious, and 
 personally superintend the mauufacture of their chairs 
 which have attained a reputation for substantial work- 
 manship, neatness or design aud fine finish, not excell- 
 ed by any other house. 
 
 HENNINGER & FLEXER, 
 
 A<jRicuLTURAL Machinery, 914 Hamilton St. 
 
 Lehigh county, of which AUentown is the county 
 seat, is devoted largely to agriculture, the farmers being 
 a thrifty and industrious class. The supplying of them 
 with the necessary machinery to rapidly and success- 
 fully conduct their vocation, has grown to be a repre- 
 sentative business, and the county seat is the location 
 of a number of reputable houses devoted to this trade. 
 Among them is that of Henuinger & Flexer, where 
 there is to be found a general variety of all kinds of 
 machinery, including the well-known Johnston's Mow- 
 ers and Reapers, that have a reputation throughout the 
 country for excellent work ; Heebner's Horse Powers 
 and Threshers, Hay Rakes, Cultivators, Corn Shellere, 
 AViard's Chilled Plows, etc. Their stock of these articles 
 is always large, and farmers will find the house a desir- 
 able one to make business connections with. The firm 
 are also the agents for the phosphates of the New Jer- 
 sey Chemical Company, one of the best fertilizers now 
 in the market. 
 
 Messrs. Henuinger & Flexer are well-known through- 
 out the county, and though in the present business but 
 one year have secured a very fair share of the trade. 
 
 E. D. JEANES, 
 
 PiiOTOGKAPHic Artist, 716 Hamilton Street. 
 
 Prominent among the galleries located in AUentown 
 is that of Mr. E. D. Jeanes.a gentleman whose thorough 
 knowledge of the art has given him much of the best 
 patronage of this section. He established his gallery in 
 this city in 1874, and in April, 187t>, removed it to the 
 present location, No. 716 Hamilton street, over the post- 
 office. Here he has a large, handsome waiting parlor, 
 with operating room in rear, furnished with new instru- 
 ments, all the latest designs of back-grouuds, and other 
 accessories, so that he is prepared to make all the latest 
 styles of pictures and finish them in the best manner 
 known to the art. His work includes everything iu the 
 photographic line, and he guarantees entire satisfaction 
 with all pictures eminating from his hands. 
 
 Mr. Jeans was born in Willmiugton, Delaware, but 
 has resided in AUentown for the past thirteen years. 
 He is a practical man in his business, and enjoys supe- 
 rior facilities for producing fine and artistic work. 
 
"RErtoUltCES OP THE LKHKill VALLEY. 
 
 129 
 
 nifRXIX BRAi5S AND IRON WOKKS, 
 
 Edward Gough, I'uopriktok, on the Lehigh 
 Valley Railroad. 
 
 As stated elsewhere, many of the most enterprisint; 
 industries of this city liave been establislied without 
 rapitaland upon the most limited scale, that of Mr. 
 Mward Gou^di furnishing an example of this statement 
 ry> a striking degree, lu 1875, without other capital 
 than that ha.sec'. upon his expertness as a machinest and 
 characteristic integrity, began operations for himself 
 :ipou a small scale. The business, however, nourished 
 ,ind annually increased, and he now occupies a com- 
 modious location on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, near 
 the Allentown Rt)lling Mill Company's office. He occu- 
 pies two foundries and a machine shop, and they are 
 furnished with all the necessary and improved machiu- 
 en-for the manufacture of liis specialty of articles.— 
 The Pha'ui.N. Jirass and Iron Works have a reputation 
 that extends all over the State as a manufacturer of 
 "Hard and Soft Chilled Rolls, Church Bells, and Rolling 
 Mill Machinery of every description. These goods, 
 particularly the Rolls, having cu.stomers in every por- 
 tion of Pennsylvania. Outside of Pittsburg, no manu- 
 facturer of these articles has attained the success that 
 Mr. Gough has, and the demand for them is continually 
 growing. He also manufactures all kinds of Brass Cast- 
 ings, Sand Rolls and Pinions, and Iron Work, all in the 
 most workmanlike manner, and is recognized as a 
 thorough man in the manufacture of these goods. 
 
 Ten mechanics are now employed in the works, and 
 an engine of twenty-horse power is required to operate 
 the machinery. The facilities enjoyed by Mr. Gougli 
 for the manufacture of all description of work in his 
 • lepartnient of mechanics are ample, and his personal 
 supervision is such that his customers may in every 
 instance rely upon receiving complete satisfaction. 
 
 He has always resided in Allentown, and as a promo- 
 ter of its industrial advancement takes a leading posi- 
 tion. Industrious and ingenious he is deserving of the 
 success he has secured, and as a citizen is generally 
 respected. 
 
 J. L. FARR & CO., 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Boots,Shoes 
 AND Rubbers, 739 and 741 Hamilton Street. 
 Among the houses that deserve more than a passing 
 notico in this work is the wholesale and retail Boot 
 and Shoe establishment of J. L. Farr & Co. The house 
 dates its origin with the year 1862. Mr. Farr, the senior 
 of the firm, at that time being in business alone. The 
 trade has gradually grown larger, and in 1871 the ad- 
 joining store was secured, and the two connected. They 
 now have a front of forty feet— No. 739 having a depth 
 of ninety-five feet, and No. 741 of forty-eight. They are 
 handsomely furnished with the conveniences for the 
 shoe trade, and fitted throughout in the most excellent 
 manner. It is the largest retail house in the city, and 
 in connection with the wholesale department, repre- 
 sents a stock of numy thousands of dollars. The firm 
 are manufacturers of custom work, employing eight to 
 ten hands, and in the store have nine clerks. They 
 carry a full line of Boots, Shous and Rubbers, equalling 
 the large houses of the metropolitan cities, embracing 
 every kind and quality of ladies' .gentlemen's and child- 
 ren's wear. 
 
 Mr. J. L. Farr, the senior of the firm, was born in 
 Montgomerj' county, but for twenty years has resided 
 in Allentown. His partner, Mr. Nathan Ilass, is a na- 
 tive of Berks county. These gentlemen, in the manage- 
 ment of their large business, are liberal and enterpris- 
 ing, and arc to be congiatnlated in the success of the 
 house which is an honor auilcreditto the city in which 
 it is located. 
 
 CITYCARKIAGK \V()KIC!5, 
 
 CiiRi.sT, Peter & Co., PROp's,SotTTH Hau. Street, 
 NEAit Hamilton, 
 
 The City Carriage Works is one of the newest enter- 
 jirises in this lino in Allentown, but it has rapidly at- 
 tained popularity, and within its short existence pro- 
 duced excellent work. The firm of Christ, Peter & Co. 
 was organized in March, 1881, and occupy a new two- 
 story building and a one-story adjoining. Being indus- 
 trious, practical, and skillful workmen, their work has 
 become known tlinjughout the town and surrounding 
 country and holds its own with the best that is turned 
 out. They build mostly t(^ order, making wagons of all 
 kinds, from that intended for light driving to that suit- 
 ed for farm work or heavy draught purposes. Of all 
 kiijds of repair work they make a .specialty. 
 
 They also give particular attention to sign and orna- 
 mental painting, having for this department, as in the 
 other, first-class workmen. The firm employ nine hands. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are Charles L. 
 Christ, Albert P. Peter, George W. Fried and Samuel 
 I'rankfield, all nativesof Allentown and practical work- 
 men. They areexperts in wood and iron work, thorough- 
 ly acquainted with all the mechanical details contin- 
 gent upon wagon building, and are prepared to do first 
 class work at the lowest prices. 
 
 II. T. ROSE, 
 
 Paper Box ISlANUFACTtJRER, North Hall Street, 
 Near Hamilton. 
 
 The manufacture of paper boxes, and its kindred in- 
 dustry, the paper bag trade, both of which ikjw form a 
 jKirtof the business of all cities, are of comparatively 
 quite recent origin, dating back only thirty years. In 
 the immense extension of trade and commerce into so 
 many novel channels, a great number of things hither- 
 to considered luxuries, have become absolute neces- 
 saries, and men are apt to wonder how business could 
 have been conducted without them. The only repre- 
 sentative in this important industry in Allentown is 
 Mr. H. T. Rose, who began the business in June, 1880. 
 He occupies a two-story frame building, and is pos-ses- 
 .sed of all the necessary machinery and tools for rapidly 
 producing paper boxes of all kinds, with the exception 
 of the round box. He keeps employed six hands, and 
 gives to the business his personal attention. 
 
 He was born in Newark, New Jersey, but for twelve 
 years has been a resident of Allentown. 
 
 T. SCHADT, 
 
 Dry Goods, Notions, Groceries, Etc., 165 Haotl- 
 TON Street. 
 
 The enterprise and industry manifested in the pros- 
 ecution of the dry goods and grocery business in Allen- 
 town, is of a most marked nature, and the number of 
 successful business concerns doing trade of this char- 
 acter, substantiates the statement and tends to centre 
 here a large trade from the surrounding neigliborhood. 
 One of the most popular and successful houses in this 
 line of goods, is that of T. Schadt. The inception of 
 this enterprise dates back twelve years, when the pres- 
 ent proprietor began the business upon a limited scale, 
 and his patronage was commensurately small. By close 
 attention to business Mr. Schadt soon increased the 
 number of his patrons and the amount of his sales, and 
 to-dny does one of the safest business in that section 
 of tlic city. The stock comprises a full line of Dry 
 Goods, Notions, Groceries, etc, in quality and variety 
 equals that (<f any other establishment. He employs 
 six assistants, and is thoroughly acquainted with the 
 demand of his trade. 
 
 Mr. Schadt is a native of Allentown, and is a careful, 
 practical biisiness man, whoexcrcises the best of judge- 
 ment and discernment in the direction of his affairs. 
 
130 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 LEWIS D. KRAUSE, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Boots and 
 Shoes, 805 Hamilton Street. 
 
 This is one of the finest establishments in AUentown 
 devoted to the Boot and Shoe business, and was started 
 in 1870. The building occupied is of three-stories, 
 with a front of twenty feet and a depth of ninety feet, 
 fitted throughout with all the convenience for doing a 
 general wholesale and retail trade in Boots and Shoes. 
 The first-floor is devoted to the retail department, and 
 this is handsomely carpeted and painted, giving it an at- 
 tractive appearance, and showing the taste and enter- 
 prise of its proprietor. He carries a more extensive 
 stock than is common with large stores, embracing a full 
 line of Ladies,Gentlemen's,Misses and Children's Shoes, 
 and a very general variety of men's heavy Boots and 
 Shoes for mill or farm wear. 
 
 Upon the second floor is situated the wholesale depart- 
 ment, where in the original packages is found an un- 
 usually large assortment of Boots, Shoes, and Rubbers. 
 This trade reaches throughout the surrounding coun- 
 trj' and is rapidly becoming of more extended dimen- 
 sions, the reputation of the houses and the class of 
 goods being such as to inspire confidence among deal- 
 ers. 
 
 Mr. Krause was born in Lehigh county in 1842, and 
 has spent nearly his entire business life in AUentown, 
 where the success that his house has secured, bespeaks 
 his ability as a business gentleman. 
 
 C. F. HERRMANN, 
 
 Musical Instruments, 102 South Seventh 
 Street. 
 One of the oldest and most reliable of the musical in- 
 strument establishments in AUentown is that of Mr. C. 
 F. Herrmann. This was started in 1861 by the present 
 proprietor as an agency business, and has acquired a 
 deserved standing in the community, being known 
 throughout the city and surrounding country, as a very 
 desirable place for purchasing musical instruments of 
 any kind. Being an accomplished musician, at the 
 head of his profession in the city— a knowledge ac- 
 quired after many years of close application, he is ena- 
 bled to make the best selections of instruments from 
 the large variety of makes. Parties contemplating pur- 
 chasing an instrument will find his judgment and ad- 
 vice worthy of consideration. In the warerooms will 
 always be found a stock from which to make selection, 
 comprising a variety of styles, and including the best 
 manufactured in the country. In addition to the busi- 
 ne.ss transacted in the sale of Music Instruction Books 
 and Instruments, Mr. Herrmann devotes a portion of 
 his time to teaching music, being highly profflcient. 
 He is considered one of the finest professors in the city, 
 and has in no small degree been instrumental in the 
 development of the musical tastes of the community. 
 
 B. F. WONDERLY, 
 
 Undertaker, and Dealer in Undertakers' 
 Supplies, 36 North Seventh Street. 
 The business of an undertaker is a peculiar one, and 
 requires attention that is not called for in other occu- 
 pations, and a gentleman to successfully conduct it 
 should be possessed of many characteristics not so es- 
 sential in other branches of trade. The leading under- 
 taker of AUentown is Mr. B. F. Wonderly, who is located 
 at No. 36 North Seventh street, where he established 
 the business in 1879. He has succeeded by assidious 
 attention to the demands of the calling in securing a 
 very large trade, and in the execution of the duties 
 connected with his vocation, he exercises a care that 
 stamps him as a proper person to perform them. Few 
 persons so rapidly attain the confidence of the public, 
 
 and fewer still who give to their calling more careful 
 and scrupulous attention. 
 
 He deals extensively in undertakers' supplies and 
 keeps in stock a full line of the goods necessary in the 
 business, and makes a specialty of supplying the trade 
 with the best in this line. 
 
 Mr. Wonderly, under whose immediate supervision 
 the business is conducted, is a prompt and reliable bus- 
 iness man in every particular, and one in whom the ut- 
 most confidence may be placed. 
 
 KELLER & BROTHER, 
 
 Jewelry, Watches, Diamonds and Silverware,. 
 
 737 Ha.milton Street. 
 The jewelry business in AUentown represents an im- 
 mense capital, and the houses devoted to this branch 
 of trade equal those of any city of its size in the State. 
 The leading establishment, both in the character of its 
 stock and general appearance, is that of Keller <fe Bro- 
 ther. The store was established in 1865 by the present 
 firm, and is now one of the most attractive in the city. 
 A store room 22x45 feet in dimensions is stocked with a 
 full and complete line of everything pertaining to the 
 trade, selected with an extraordinary degree of taste,, 
 and embracing articles of virtu and decoration in every 
 sense unique, elegant and costly, which in detail, may- 
 be partly designated as Fine Watclies and Clocks, both 
 of American and the best Foreign manufacture ; Dia- 
 monds, Silver, Plated Ware, Rings, Chains, etc., in fact,, 
 everything in the line that goes to make up the stock 
 of a first-class jewelry establishment, fit for practical 
 use, and for ornaments and presents suitable for every 
 occasion. 
 
 The firm employ five assistants, and make a specialty 
 of repairing watches and jewelry, for which they pos- 
 sess unusual facilities. Mr. E. Keller, the senior, is at 
 practical watchmaker, and has a thorough knowledge 
 of every branch of the jewelry bU'^iness, Mr. S. .S. Kel- 
 ler, the Brother, is equally well acquainted with the 
 trade. 
 
 MRS. A. M. SLOUGH, M. D. 
 
 Homcepathic Pharmacy, 845 Hamilton Street, 
 
 The remarkable growth which during the last 
 quarter of a century has attended the introduction of 
 the Homcepathic practice marks an epoch in the his- 
 tory of medical science which has no parallel, and gives 
 rise to certain contingent professions of the utmost im- 
 portance and utility. Of such the work of preparing 
 in accordance with the rules adapted by the profession 
 the medicines prescribed in this school, is one which 
 requires not only a profound knowledge of the remedies 
 themselves, but a high degree of chemical ability in 
 them exact attenuation and trituration. Engaged in 
 this particular branch of the business is Mrs A. M. 
 Slough. Here are prepared all medicines employed by 
 the Homoeopathic school, and is now the central depot 
 for this community, where the adherents of this system 
 can obtain everything that the Materia Medica de- 
 mands. 
 
 Here is also the office of F. J.Slough, M. D., a gentle- 
 man who has very successfully made Chronic Diseases 
 and Diseases of Children a specialty. 
 
 Mrs. Slough, the proprietress of the Pharmacy, is a- 
 uative of Lehigh county, as is also the Doctor. In view 
 of the advantages which Mrs. Slough can place at the 
 disposal of her customers, and the extensive experience 
 resulting from the practice and study of many years, ii 
 is not too much to say that those who purchase the 
 goods, medicines or preparations that originate from the 
 Homcepathic Pharmacy may depend upon their purity 
 and efficacy with the most implicit confidence. 
 
Ri:SOUKCES OF THE LKHIOH VALLEY. 
 
 131 
 
 ALL1;NT0\V>^ IRONiOMPANY, 
 
 Mantkacti'rkrof Pi(i Ikon, Ali.entown. 
 AmoiiKtheleadingcouncrnseiigajjedin the iri>n trade, 
 •Is the Alleiitowu Iron Company, whose extensive I'ur- 
 :iaces and auxiliries are U)eate(l ou the Lehigh VaUey 
 Raih-oad.iu the Western part of the city. When the iron 
 interest was iu itsiufaney.aiid the many improvements 
 that are now in use to faeilitate its production had uot 
 l)eeu thought of, and if so were uot perfected, the foun- 
 <latiou for tlie present successful works were hiid. In 
 1*16 tlie firm of David I). Wilson & Co. was organized 
 and the erection of a furnace completed, which formed 
 the plant from which the extensive works grew. In 
 1851 a Company was incorporated with the title of Al- 
 lentown Iron Company, the capital stock being $1,000,- 
 •000, which represents the stock at present. The Com- 
 pany now own flfty-Hve acres of land, part of which, 
 however, is farming land on the outskirts of the city, 
 "the balance being occupied directly for the use of the 
 works. The plant now consists of five furnaces, three 
 ■engine houses, containing engines of one Imudrod 
 horse power each ; iiveboilerhouses, with twenty boilers 
 ■of fifty-horse power each ; machine shop and foundry, 
 with dimensions of 40x100 feet. Throughout the various 
 departments there are employed two hundred hands, 
 and the weekly output of the furnaces is one thousam] 
 
 ■ tons of pig iron. The ores principally used are those 
 iknown as the Lehigh and Berks county Hematite, and 
 'the New Jersey Magnetic or grey ore. Every facility 
 .and modern appliance has been from time to time ad- 
 ded to the works, until they are now one of the com- 
 pletest in the Valley, and in point of production rank 
 as No. 3. The whole interests of the Company in and 
 about the works are entrusted to Mr. .S. B. Xewmoyer, 
 who fills the responsible position of superintendent. 
 He is a gentleman thoroughly respected by those over 
 whom he is placed, at the same time trusted and 
 
 ■esteemed by the officials of the company, whose inter- 
 
 • ests he carefully studies. 
 
 The offices of the Company are located at No. 230 
 South Third street, and the oflicials are : President, J. 
 Loper Welsh, and Secretary, H. Cabot, both of Philadel- 
 phia. These gentlemen are thoroughly conversant 
 with the iron trade of the Valley, and hold a high posi- 
 tion among the respected business men of that city. 
 
 .BENJ. F. HEIMBACH, 
 
 M.\NUFACTUKER OF BURIAL CASKETS, AND DEALER 
 
 7^- r\i.r.-i!TAKi-i;s' .Supplies, Corner Eighth and 
 
 Hamilton Streets. 
 A lu.^L uua nap.jiiaut business is carried on by Mr. 
 Fleimbach iu supplying all articles required by under- 
 itakers, and who conducts a large trade derived from 
 AUentown and the adjoining districts. Every article 
 accessary for their use he has in stock and includes 
 'Cloths and Silk Robes, Gold, Silver and Plated Mount- 
 ings, Handles, Plates, etc., and Coffins and Metallic 
 ■Caskets. A specialty is the supplying of Cloth Covered 
 Burial Caskets, either plain or furnished with mount- 
 ings, of his own manufacture, of Walnut, Rosewood and 
 other woods, lie has been engaged in this business 
 since 1859, and from his thorough knowledge of all its 
 
 ■ details and supplying such articles as meet the wants 
 
 • of the trade, has establisheda busiucsswhich has given 
 .him prominence in this jxirt of the State. He also at- 
 tends to the duties of undertaking, furnishing all that 
 is required. 
 
 Mr. Heimbach was born in AUentown, where he has 
 always resided, and is popular as a businessman. In 
 his manufacturinydcpfirtincnt he emjilovs six hands, 
 while the supply dciiaitmcnt. at Eighth and Hamilton 
 ^>treets,is under his own superintendence. The business 
 conducted by him is one requiring caie and attention, 
 ami he has carried it on iu a manner tliat has been sat- 
 isfactory to all who have been dealing with him. 
 
 A. M. BACH MAN, 
 
 Photographer, 629 Hamilton Street. 
 
 Among the gentlemen in .-Vllentown engaged in this 
 Inisiness will be found Mr. A. M. Bachman, whose 
 galleries wereestablished many years ago. The present 
 proprietor succeeded to the business in 1880, and since 
 he has assumed control the gallery has attained a 
 greater degree of succes;* in its productions and the 
 number of patrons onnsiderably increased. Mr. Bach- 
 uuiu brought to the enterprise many years' experience, 
 and has secured during his short stay a very reliable 
 reputation for producing a fine class of pictures. His 
 work includes nearly everything known to the art, 
 either of indoor or outdoor. A specially made of views 
 of buildings, etc., and it is the aim of the proprietor to 
 give the utmost satisfaction, and jjromptly execute all 
 orders. His gallery is centrally located, the rooms well 
 furnished througliout, and the opertiting department 
 filled with all the necessary appliances for successfully 
 conducting the business. 
 
 Mr. Bachman is a practical photographer, and era- 
 ploys in finishing the pictures two assistants. He is 
 well and favorably known, and is rapidly securing a 
 very generous share of the trade. 
 
 B. OSWALD, 
 
 Brush Manufacturer, aiu North Fifth Stp.eet. 
 
 In the manufacture of BruslK-s, an article that is in 
 use in some form in every dwelling and business house 
 in the country, will be found Mr. B. Oswald, a gentle- 
 man thoroughly understanding the details of making 
 these goods. He established his enterprise in 1877, and 
 has .since carried it ou very successfully, and now oc- 
 cupies a good size and well arranged two-story building 
 in rear of 312 North Fifth street. He employs twelve 
 hands, and manufactures all kinds of Brushes, (except- 
 ting those used for painting.) and annually produces 
 about 18,000 worth. Having superior facilities for 
 manufacturing these goods, he puts upon the market 
 Brushes that are in quality equal to those of any other 
 house, and his trade is such that the factory is kept 
 running constantly to its full capacity. A traveling 
 salesman represents the works upon the road, and the 
 trade extends over a large circle of country. 
 
 Mr. Oswald was Ijorn in Bavaria, Germany, but has 
 spent thegreater part of his life in this country, where 
 as a manufacturer of Brushes he has won an enviable 
 reputation. 
 
 JOHN LOSCH, 
 
 Nurseryman, Lawrence Street. 
 
 One of the most delightful occupations that man can 
 engage in is that of the nurseryman. In a community 
 like AUentown and vicinity, where the private ground.s 
 of the prominent citizens are increasing in the fruits 
 and shrubbery that surround them, the enterprise is 
 likely to meet with a liberal support, thus making 
 the business an important factor in the general re- 
 sources. The ohlest nur.sery in AUentown, and pro- 
 bably the largest estiiblishment in the Lehigh Valley, is 
 that of Mr. John Losch, which was started in 1832 by 
 the present i)roprietor, who has for a-half century con- 
 ducted its affairs, and pei-sonally managed the details 
 connected therewith. He occupies an ample plot of 
 ground on Lawrence street, composed of very rich and 
 highly productive soil. This is stocked with trees of 
 all kinds, of every description and vaHety. Persons 
 desirous of securing the licuefit of the first nuirkct, 
 would do well to secure their plants of Mr. Losch, who 
 makes this department of his business a specialty. 
 While not ainiius to extensively cultivate flowers, he 
 has many beautiful and rare varieties, and is always 
 ready to accommodate his patrons with them. 
 
 Mr. Losch is one of the old residents of the town, and 
 actively attends to tlie duties of his vocation. 
 
132 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VATJ;EY. 
 
 A. W. FISHER'S 
 
 Hat and Bonnet Bleacheky, 633 Hamilton 
 Street. 
 
 The prevalence of the many styles of Ladies' Hats and 
 Bonnets, and the radical changes that each season 
 briuffs to these important portions of a ladies' attire, 
 necessitates in a community of this size such an en* 
 terprise as the head of thi»article denotes, by which 
 they have an opportunity to reshape and bleach their 
 idd hats, and still retain what becomes every lady, a 
 iiislii<inable head attire. The only industry of the kind 
 in Alleutown is that of Mr. A. W. Fisher, who estab- 
 lished the business in 1877, and now occupies the second 
 rioor of the building at No. 633 Hamilton street. He 
 gives employment to seven hands.besides practically de- 
 voting his entire time, and all are taxed to their ut- 
 most ability during the busy season to meet the de- 
 mands of the patrons. All the necessary machinery for 
 the business is employed, and great care is exercised to 
 ])roduce work of the most superior merit. The success 
 of the proprietor has clearly demonstrated that he is 
 conducting an enterprise that is tilling along felt want, 
 and now bears evidence of growing to considerable pro- 
 portions. 
 
 Mr. Fisher is a native of Massachusetts, and came to 
 Lehigh county four years ago. He is well calculated 
 to manage an industry of this nature, as he has a prac- 
 tical knowledge of its details. 
 
 WASSER & HARING, 
 
 Ready Made Clothing, 735 Hamit.ton Street. 
 
 One of the representative houses devoted to the 
 Ready Made Clothing trade is that of Wasser & Haring. 
 This establishment has a permanent reputation with 
 the people of the community, and it has been the firms' 
 aim during their continuance of the business to main- 
 tain their credit by making no false statements in re- 
 gard to their stock and keeping the variety up to one 
 standard of excellence. The store is ample in all its 
 accommodations, having an area of 20x50 feet, and fill- 
 ed to repletion with a very desirable assortment of Men's 
 Youths' ,Boys'and Children's Clothing of the finest goods, 
 made up from fashionable patterns, and in the best pos- 
 sible manner. The firm manufacture a large portion of 
 their stock, the remainder being .secured from the lead- 
 ing manufactories of Eastern cities, with whom this 
 house has had long acquaintance. 
 
 Upon the shelves aud counters will be found not only 
 the most fashionable goods in this line, but the most 
 durable, particular attention having been paid to the 
 lining and trimmings, in placing upon them nothing 
 that would not prove of serviceable wear. Few houses 
 devoted to this trade have in stock so extended a varie- 
 ty of goods, as are presented by this firm, who make 
 ev3ry exertion to lead in their business. 
 
 In connection with their clothing trade the firm do 
 an extensive business in making fine clothing to order, 
 and have a carefully .selected stock of piece goods, em- 
 bracing the finest imported and domestic goods for 
 men's wear. These are cut and made up in the most 
 artistic manner by competent workmen. In this line 
 their trade embraces much of the best cla.ss of the citi- 
 zens of Alleutown and vicinity. 
 
 J. W. LEITH, 
 
 Boots and Shoes, 603 Ha.\[ilton Street. 
 In inspecting the various retail houses located on Al- 
 lentowu's principal thoroughfare, Hamilton street, one 
 is particularly attracted to the handsome Boot and 
 Shoe establishment of Mr. J. W. Leith, who has succeed- 
 ed in securing a very large per cent, of the best trade 
 of the city and surrounding country. It has a 
 
 double front, with spacious show windows, and in di- 
 mensions is 20x60 feet. Within, it is fitted up in tbt: 
 most attractive style, containing an unusually large stock 
 of fine Boots and Shoes. Enjoying superior facilities 
 for purchasing his goods, he is enabled to place hib 
 stock at such prices as to practically defy competitior.. 
 In ladies' and misses' shoes he displays an assortment 
 that is of the best make, and such as at once recom- 
 mends them to the trade. In all kinds of Shoes liii- 
 goods are unexcelled by any in the city, and the houst 
 has secured one of the largest trades in the community 
 Mr. Leith is a native of Alleutown, and a public spirit- 
 ed citizen. He began the present business in 1874, and 
 has now an experience that pre-eminently fits him for 
 the trade. 
 
 WILLIAM G.RITTER, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Stoves^ 
 Ranges, Tinware and House Fi'rnishinij 
 Goods, 831 Hamilton Street. 
 The stove and tinware business of Alleutown has u 
 number of first-class houses, prominent among then'- 
 being that of Mr. William G. Ritter. His store is situa- 
 ted in the centre of the city, convenient for both town 
 and county, and is in every respect desirable for the 
 carrying on of his large business. He established the 
 store about twenty years ago, at that time commanding 
 a small capital, but having a firm determination to 
 make his establishmelitrank among the leading houses 
 in the city. In 1864, the demands of the increasing 
 trade required more extensive quarters, and the change 
 was made to the present stand, which from time to time 
 has been remodeled and enlarged, and it novv' makes a. 
 store room of twenty-two feet front and ninety deep.— 
 The front of the store is devoted to the salesroom, wheie 
 there is kept in stock a very fine and complete assort- 
 ment of Stoves, Heaters, Ranges, and all kinds of House 
 Furnishing Goods. His stock of Stoves comprise the 
 best make in the country, and few dealers in this com- 
 munity control a larger or more desirable trade in these 
 goods. In the rear, is situated the department devoted to 
 the manufacture of tin-ware, employing several hands. 
 Mr. Ritter is a native of Bucks county, but fur nearly 
 a quarter of a century has been a resident of Alleutown, 
 where by strict attention to business and promptness 
 in all transactions, he has built up a large and success- 
 ful trade. 
 
 W. H. KNAUSS, 
 
 Manufacturer op Boot, Shoe and Gaiter Up* 
 pers, 706 Hamilton Street. 
 
 The desire for the attainment of the highest excel- 
 lence has divided the shoe business into specialties, the 
 class of manufacturers devoting themselves to boot, 
 shoe and gaiter uppers, being entirely distinct from 
 those who make boots and shoes entire. 
 
 In 1876 Mr. W. H. Knauss began the manufacture of 
 these goods at No. 109 South Seventh street, where he 
 remained until 1878, when he removed to the present 
 desirable location where he occupies the second flooi. 
 His thorough knowledge of the leather trade soon drew 
 around him a large business, aud he now keeps con- 
 stantly employed five hands, in the manufacture of 
 Uppers, and "The Boss" Leather and Rubber Cement. 
 He supplies many of the shoe stores with uppers for 
 their custom trade, and his goods have a reputation for 
 superiority .second to no other establishment. 
 
 Mr. Knauss was born in Lehigh county, and has been 
 a citizen of Alleutown the greater part of his life. He 
 is an industrious business man, practically superintend- 
 ing his manufactory, and has attained the leading trado; 
 in his class of goods. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEIMUII VAI.LEY 
 
 133 
 
 J. C. F(ET,KER A SON, 
 
 Vf.tkrinary Surgeons, 119 South Seventh 
 Street. 
 
 The horse is an animal peculiarly susceptible to dis- 
 ease, which may be caused by a change t>f climate, 
 change of feed or even water. Their feet, too, deserve 
 special care, otherwise they are a source of constant 
 anxiety to the experienced veterinary surgeon; but so 
 little is this known or appreciated by nuuiy owners of 
 horse stock, that small notice is often tiikeii of the first 
 symptiims of ailments, hence the few animals that are 
 found entirely free from some disease or blemish. This 
 unsoundness is not always the result of inattention, for 
 in many cases some incompetent practitioner, possess- 
 ing a little knowledge, which is always dangerous, is 
 called upon to give aiiyice or render service in a ease 
 when a thorougli knowledge of the anatomy of the 
 horse is absolutely necessary before prescribing or ope- 
 rating. The would-be horse doctor goes hap-hazard to 
 work with his powders, or bottles of medicine, and be- 
 fore he has completed his course of doctoring, the ruin 
 of the animal has been so nearly completed that the 
 last eftbrts of the specially qualified veterinai-y surgeon 
 can only ameliorate, without a chance of bringing the 
 animal into a sound condition again. It is, therefore, 
 the safest plan in all cases to call in the services of men 
 who have been bred in the profession, who have passed 
 through a regular course of experience, and are pos- 
 sessed of a thorough and practical knovvledge of the 
 business. 
 
 The city of AUentown has two gentlemen, Messrs. J. 
 C. Foelker& Son, who are well-known as standing in 
 reputation and experience foremost in this part of the 
 State among others in their profession, and who have 
 business as veterinary surgeons extending over a large 
 extent of country. The senior member of the tirm has 
 been engaged in the business for more than a quarter 
 of a century, and is probably more widely known as an 
 experienced and reliable surgeon than any other party 
 in Northeastern Pennsylvania. The son, Mr. S. J. 
 Foelker, has also considerable experience, gained by a 
 long apprenticeship under his fatlier, and is a gradutae 
 of the Ontario Veterinary College, of Toronto. 
 
 Many of their medicines and prescriptions have a 
 wide reputation all over this country, the greater part 
 of them being very valuable and liighly prized. Messrs. 
 G. F. Foelker & Son have established a line reputation 
 as practically exv)erienced Veterinary Surgeons, and 
 maintaining the first establishment of its kind in the 
 Valley. 
 
 HENRY COLT, 
 
 Coal, Wood, Grain, Flour, Feed, Hay and 
 Straw, No. 14 Linden Street, Corner Front. 
 This gentleman established himself in this business 
 in April, 1881, occupying very extensive yards and shed- 
 ding at the corner of Linden and Front streets. A sid- 
 ing from the Lehigh Valley Railroad runs into the 
 yard.and a wharf on the Lehigh Canal, gives very excel- 
 lent facilities for the receipt of coal. Independent of 
 the Coal and \V.>,)d bu>iness, Mr. Colt keeps a full line 
 of the various brands of Flour, as well as Feed, Grain 
 and Hay, in a quantity to meet all orders. His ample 
 storehouse enables him to compete with any dealer, and 
 his patronage is rapidly extending among the best class 
 of the town. 
 
 Mr. Colt is a native of the Wyoming Valley, having 
 been born in Wilkesbarre, Pa., but for a number of 
 years has been a resident of AUentown, engaged as a 
 civil engineer, land surveyor and real estate ageiit, 
 which branches of business he still follows. He is a 
 gentleman favorably known by a large circle of ac- 
 t]uaintanccs. 
 
 DAXIKL WEBER, 
 
 KaR.MINU I.MPI.EMENTS, 1111 HAMILTON STRRET. 
 
 Being the county seat of Lehigh County, and the 
 geograpical centre of a rich and prosperous producing 
 country, trade for Agricultural Implements naturally 
 tends towards AUentown, and this has been the incen- 
 tive for the establisliment of several houses dealing ex- 
 tensively in these goods, among the number being Mr. 
 Daniel Weber. He has been engaged in this business 
 for a number of years, and in the Fall of 1880 removed 
 in the present desirable and convenient location. He 
 occupies a large warehouse and shedding, in which he 
 carries an extensive stock of implements of all kinds. 
 
 He is the agent for the well known fniampiou Mow- 
 er and Reaper, that has an enviable reputatioa through- 
 out the wht>le country, and wherever u.sed take the 
 lead among other machines. Independent of this 
 agency, he controls the sale of a number of other im- 
 plements, including Honse-Powers and Threshers, Fan 
 Mills, Cultivators, Plows, Harrows, tirain Drills, Bind- 
 ers, etc., and has always in stock a large assortment. 
 The large trade connected with the house enables Mr. 
 Weber to obtain special rates from the manufacturers, 
 and he sells at low figures. 
 
 Mr. Weber is a well known citizen of I.,ehigh county. 
 In the business in which he is now engaged, he ha.s an 
 extended experience, and by fair dealing and prompt- 
 ness has won a permanent reputation among the farm- 
 ers of the surrounding country. 
 
 DR. R. D. FATZINGER, 
 
 SuROEON Dentist, 709 Hamilton Street. 
 
 Prominent among the professional men of AUentown 
 will be found Dr. R. D. Fatzinger, Surgeon Dentist.— 
 This gentleman commenced the practice of Dentistry 
 in ISdl, and for sixteen years has been engaged at the 
 present location. His office is furnished with every 
 mechanical appliance that will in any manner aid 
 in the painless extraction of teeth, and iu connec- 
 tion with the recognized skill of the Doctor, has won 
 for him an enviable reputation as a dentist, He also 
 manufactures teeth, placing them upon any of the 
 metal or preparations in common use for sets, and 
 guarantees the utmost satisfaction. 
 
 Dr. Fatzinger was born iu Hanover township, Lehigh 
 county, and is widely known as a thorough and relia- 
 ble Dentist. His patrons include many of the best 
 familes of AUentown, ami he is very generally respect- 
 ed as a pleasant and aft'able gentleman. 
 
 P. H. STELTZ, 
 
 Boots and Shop.s, 34 North Seventh Street. 
 
 Among the establishments in this line off of the main 
 thoroughfare, will be found that of Mr. P. II. Steltz. 
 He has been in business since 187.i, and now commands 
 a trade that is already large and upon the increase. 
 His store contains a large slock, including a full line of 
 gentlemen's coarse and fine Boots and Shoes of all kinds ; 
 boys', youth!sand children's Boots, Congress and Button 
 Gaiters; women's, misses' and children's Lace and 
 Rutton Shoes, Slippers, Rubbers and Arctics, etc. A 
 full variety of plain and fancy goods usually carried by 
 the trade in best and medium qualities ouly. 
 
 In connection with the establishment, there is a fine 
 custom trade that gives employment to three fir*t-class 
 workmen, who produce some of the finest work in the 
 city. 
 
 Mr. Steltz i.s a practical man iu the business, and 
 makes the supplying of these goods a study, making it 
 his aim to furnish ouly the best quality of goods for the 
 money. 
 
tH 
 
 ^SOURCES OF THE I;EHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 w. M. beck:, 
 
 Wall Paper and Fine Art Hangings, 40 North 
 Seventh Street. 
 
 Never before in the history ol our country has there 
 been so much attention devoted to the subject of deco- 
 rative art for the beautifying of our homes. Artists of 
 acknowledged ability are employed iu furnishing ele- 
 gant and attractive designs and manufacturers are put- 
 ting forth every energy and resource to excell iu this 
 important and useful department of industry. 
 
 Allentowu is the location of an establishment devo- 
 ted to the sale of Wall Paper and Artistic decoration that 
 would do credit to the metropolitan cities, and as a 
 headquarters for fine goods and fine work, is an honor 
 to its proprietor. We have reference to the handsome 
 establishment of Mr. W. M. Beck, at No. 40 North Seventh 
 Street. 
 
 This enterprise was started here in March, 1881, though 
 the proprietor had since 1875 been engaged in the same 
 business in Bethlehem, where he still has a handsome 
 store at No. 12 Broad Street. 
 
 The Allentowu hou.se is a large and elegant establish- 
 ment, with a desirable front, 80 feet deep, and well 
 adapted for the display of his stock. A specialty is 
 made of fine goods, and an extensive assortment is 
 always in stock. Mr. Beck employs no workmen but 
 those who are artists in their line, and is prepared to 
 decorate by contract any class of work assuming all 
 trouble and responsibility, and being a practical deco- 
 rator himself is prepared to guarantee satisfaction in 
 all work done under his supervision. 
 
 His stock embraces all grades and styles of goods, se- 
 lected with great care from the best manufacturers, 
 and includes the most elegant designs in English, Ja- 
 panese, Tapestry and Brocade Hangings, in an endless 
 variety of handsome colorings with Dados, Fringes, etc., 
 to match. The establishment is a credit to the taste of 
 the enterprising proprietor and an honor to the city. 
 
 HENRY BITTING, 
 
 HAT.'i, Caps, Furs, Etc., 703 Hamilton Street. 
 
 A leader in the Hat and Cap trade is Mr. Henry Bit- 
 ting, who has a large and convenient store, sixty-five 
 feet deep. He opened this business about twenty-two 
 years ago, and for thirteen years has been located at the 
 present stand. During this long period he has built up 
 a trade that places him among the representative houses 
 of this county, a position he has maintained for many 
 years. 
 
 His stock of Hats, Caps and Straw Goods embraces 
 every style and quality in men's and boys' wear, at 
 prices that defy competition, and invite inspection. 
 His long experience enables him to purchase his stock 
 of the leading manufacturers, as well as to provide for 
 his patrons the finest and choicest goods produced. In 
 Trunks, Valises, Traveling Bags, Ladies' Satchels, and 
 Umbrellas, his variety comprises the best. During the 
 season he makes a specialty of Furs, which includes the 
 many fashionable styles and qualities. 
 
 Mr. Bitting is a native of Saucon township, Lehigh 
 county, but for the greater part of his life has been a 
 resident of AUentown. 
 
 ABNER H. WIND, 
 
 Merchant Tailor, 815 Hamilton Street. 
 Prominent among the houses of AUentown devoted to 
 this branch of business, none enjoy a higher reputation 
 thanMr. Abner H. Wind. He established his business 
 in 1869, and now occupies a large double front store 
 with a depth of seventy-five feet, making it one of the 
 most convenient merchant tailoring houses in the city. 
 He carries in stock a full line of fine Cassimers, Cloths. 
 
 and all foreign and domestic goods, and malces a spe- 
 cialty of this department of his business. Sure fits and 
 perfect satisfaction is always guaranteed, and his trade 
 comprises a considerable i)art of the first gentlemen of 
 the town. Seven bands are employed, and the cutting 
 is under the direct control of his sop, John P. Wind, 
 whose ability as a cutter is well established. A line of 
 Gents' Furnishing Goods, Umbrellas, etc., are displayed, 
 and the character of the whole stock is one of supe- 
 riority. 
 
 Mr. Wind is a native of AUentown, and one of its 
 most active citizens. Tl e business consumes his entire 
 attention, and his success is due to giving his patrons 
 the best at the most favorable terms. 
 
 E. W. NAGLE, 
 
 Wholesale Dealer in Leaf and Manufactured 
 Tobacco, 219 Hamilton Street. 
 
 To handle with a living profit the various brands of 
 Cigars or Leaf and Manufactured Tobacco in these days 
 of competition, requires an experienced and sharp eye 
 for bargains. Failing in these requisites, the dealer's 
 customers must suffer either in prices or quality of 
 goods, and, therefore, it is safest to purchase only where 
 the firm is known, and has a standing reputation. 
 
 Among those rated A 1 in this respect is Mr. E. W. 
 Nagle,who conducts a wholesale business in Leaf and 
 Manufactured Tobacco, and the manufacture of Cigars. 
 In the latter department he employs several hands, and 
 makes a specialty of manufacturing "Nagle's Best," 
 and "Nagle's Own," brands, which through their excel- 
 lent quality have attained an extended sale. He car- 
 ries a flue assortment of Havana and Seed Leaf Tobacco, 
 and all manufactured goods, such as Smoking and 
 Chewing Tobacco. 
 
 Independent of the Tobacco business, and in another 
 building, Mr. Nagle manufactures Confectionery of all 
 kinds, employing in the enterprise three hands and 
 producing all kinds of plain candies. 
 
 Mr. Nagle is a native of AUentown, and has been en- 
 gaged in the present business since 1875, and from a 
 comparatively small beginning has built up a flourish- 
 ing and lucrative trade. 
 
 WALTER LOSCH, 
 
 Marble and Granite Works, Seventh and Lin- 
 den Streets. 
 
 The marble yard and works of Mr. Walter Losch are 
 among the largest and most important in this city, and 
 he enjoys the patronage of a large extent of country. 
 Mr. Losch makes a specialty of fine cemetery work and 
 has turned out some of the most beautiful, artistic and 
 graceful designs in this entire section. He also furnishes 
 marble for building purposes. The yard is desirably 
 situated, and is convenient in every respect for the 
 transaction of his large business. The ground occupied 
 is 45 by 115 feet in dimensions, upon which are his 
 buildings, 16 by 50, and 22 by '27 feet. He employs eight 
 hands, all of whom are skilled. 
 
 Mr. Losch is a thorough artist in his profession and 
 makes a specialty of designing monuments to order, 
 and has gained a substantial reputation for the high 
 character of his productions. Many evidences of his 
 handiwork can be seen in the cemeterit?s in the vicinity 
 of AUentown and over all of northern and eastern 
 Pennsylvania and als ) in the many new buildings 
 and dwellings that have been erected here since he es- 
 tablished the business in 1867. 
 
 He is a native of AUentown, where he was born in 
 1846. He is an enterprising, active business man and 
 as a private citizen is highly esteemed. 
 
KESOTTKfES OF THE LEIIIOH VALLEY. 
 
 135 
 
 G. C. ASCHBACH & CO., 
 
 IJIPORTKKS ANO DEALERS IN MUSICAL INSTRU- 
 MENTS, 533 Hamilton Street. 
 Established in 1876, this firm have built up a large 
 trade aud are the proprietors of the " model music 
 «tore of the Lehigh Valley." The store and warerooms 
 •occupy a conspicuous site, it being 22 by 75 feet in di- 
 mensions, aud fitted up and equipped in a style commen- 
 surate with the character and transactions of the firm. 
 Their establishment is arranged in the most systematic 
 manner for the orderly prosecution of the trade, and is 
 divided into three chief departments. The rtr.st com- 
 prising Sheet Music, Musical Publications aud Music 
 Books ; the second. Imported Musical Instruments, such 
 Hs a full line of Band and Orchestral Instruments, man- 
 ufactured by the most celebrated German and French 
 makes; Cornets, Clarionets, Piccolos, Fifes, Flutes, etc. 
 ^Violins and Stringed Instruments of all kinds will also 
 be found in this department, besides Accordeons, Con- 
 certinas, Mouth Organs, Harmonicas and staple goods 
 •of like character. The Piano and Organ department is 
 of course the most important, and contains at all times 
 ■n stock of these instruments, representing the best man- 
 ufactures known. They are sole agents in this com- 
 munity for Mason & Hamlin, Taylor & Farley, Loring 
 A Blake, Sterling aud New Haven Organs, and for the 
 celebrated Orguinette. 
 
 Mr. Gerhard C. Aschbach is a nativi of Allentowu, 
 And a young gentleman thoroughly understanding the 
 music trade. Mr. Waldermer Grassman, the partner, 
 was born in Germany, and has been a resident of Al- 
 lentovvn for many years. In the various departments 
 they employ several assistants, and personally give to 
 the enterprise their undivided attention. The manner 
 in whir-h the house conducts its business, is such as to 
 enable tho.se in the most moderate circumstances to 
 *'njoy the advantages of the best Musical Instruments, 
 «n a plan which involves small periodical payments. 
 Any commendation of the firm at our hands would be 
 superfluous, but we feel at liberty to say in conclusion 
 that those who effect transactions with this concern 
 ■will derive advantages that cannot be readily accorded 
 elsewhere. 
 
 CHARLES C. KLUMP, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Druggist, 537 Hamilton 
 Street. 
 
 The oldest store in this department of trade in the 
 city, is that of Mr. Charles C. Klump. It was es- 
 tablished in 1820 by his grandfather who conducted 
 it for many years alone, and the son, (father of 
 the present proprietor), was associated witli him, for 
 some time. .After passing through other hands, all, 
 bowever, in the family, it came into the sole pro- 
 prietorship of C. C. Klump in 1875, and he has since 
 managed it in a most successful manner. 
 
 M. Klump carries a large line of new goods in pure 
 Drugs, Chemicals, Brushes, Toilet Articles, Perfumes, 
 I'tc, making his stock not only complete in every par- 
 ticular, but of a character such as to invite the atten- 
 tion of the trade, and especially of the medical fraterni- 
 ty, who may here procure requisite supplies in every 
 department of materia medica, and of such reliability 
 and purity as to meet with indorsement in every in- 
 stance. He conducts both a wholesale and retail bus- 
 iness, and enjoys a very large trade. Particular atten- 
 lionis given to the prescription department, they being 
 compounded with the greatest care to insure perfect 
 accuracy. Three assistants are employed, and at va- 
 rious periods this number is augmented by others. 
 
 Mr. Klump was born in Allentowu in 1.H4H, and is 
 one of the most respected citizens of the town. 
 
 SHIMER & LAUB, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Carpetings, 
 
 etc., 632 Hamilton Street. 
 The carpet trade is well represented in Allentowu, 
 the leading house being that of Shimer & Laub. This 
 house was established in 1872, and in the year follow- 
 ing the present proprietors succeeded to the business, 
 and have since conducted it very successfully. The 
 store is desirably located, directly in the centre of the 
 business community, convenient in all its appointments, 
 and in dimensions is twenty by seventy feet. The floor 
 space gives ample opportunity for the display of their 
 carpets, and the abundance of liglit that is admitted 
 makes the inspection of their stock a most satisfactory 
 one. They carry a very extensive assortment of Car- 
 petings of all kinds, including Brussels, Axminster, In- 
 grain, Three-Ply and the more common grades, at prices 
 that invite the trade. A large variety of patterns of 
 Oil Cloths and Window Shades will also be found. The 
 business is both wholesale and retail, aud it is the 
 largest house in AUentown engaged in this trade. 
 
 The members of the firm are Messrs. Hiram S. Shimer 
 and Owen H. Laub, gentlemen well and favorably 
 known to the community. As business men they oc- 
 cupy a representative position, their store l>eing the 
 centre of a trade that extends many miles beyond the 
 limits of this city. 
 
 LAJDENSLAGER & BABB, 
 
 Manufacturers of Wood-Seat Chairs, Maple 
 
 Alley, Above Hall Street. 
 The manufacture of chairs of various kinds is a much 
 larger industry and gives employment to more men in 
 AUentown than is generally known. This industry is 
 one of the latest to take a prominent position in our 
 midst, aud it is destined to grow to much greater pro- 
 portions than it has yet assumed. Among those who 
 have recently entered into the business is the firm of 
 Ladeuslager & Babb, who established them-selves in 
 1876. Being practical workmen, and thoroughly under- 
 standing the enterprise in which they had embarked, 
 they soon secured a fair proportion of the trade. They 
 manufacture all kinds of Wood-Seat Chairs, in the most 
 workmanlike manner, and guarantee all produced at 
 their establishment to be equal to any in the market. 
 They also give their attention to repairing, and execute 
 all orders rapidly and in a satisfactory manner. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are Henry Laden- 
 slager and William F. Babb, both natives of .\llentown, 
 and active and industrious men. 
 
 ALLENTOWN POTTERY, 
 
 Charles Bach, Prop., Penn Street, Between 
 Fourth and Fifth. 
 In 1869 Mr. Charles Bach established the potterj- busi- 
 ness in AUentown, and during the twelve years that 
 have since elapsed has built up a very desirable trade. 
 His pottery is located on Penn street, between Fourth 
 and Fifth, near Gordon, and is convenient tor manu- 
 facturing all kinds of Earthenware. He nuiuufactures 
 Flower Pots from two inches in depth to fifteen inches, 
 and a full variety of Hanging Baskets, Vases, Milk Pots, 
 Spittoons, Jars, Cake Moulds, Pie Plates, Jugs, etc. His 
 son assists in the practical department, ami as both 
 thoroughly uiidurstand the manufacture of liarlhen- 
 ware, their production find ready sale, and the business 
 I equals the capacity of the pottery. A specialty is made 
 I of ornamental work, they manufacturing many hand- 
 some designs of Hanging Baskets, Vases, etc. 
 j Persons desiring any of the above articles would do 
 I well to call at the .VUentown Pottery, and inspect the 
 I stock that is there to be found. 
 
136 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE T^EiriOTI VALLEY, 
 
 E. S. SHIMER, 
 
 Carpets, Window Shades. Etc., 607 Hamilton 
 
 Street. 
 Few houses possess a finer location for their business 
 than that occupied by Mr. E. S. Shimer, it being situated 
 immediately in the centre of the mercantile trade of the 
 city. The salesroom is a handsome one, sixteen by 
 eighty-three feet iu dimensions, and in every respect 
 adapted for the carpet business. Here is carried one of 
 the best stocks to be found in any city in the 
 Valley, comprising a full line and variety of goods 
 and embracing the many new and attractive patterns 
 that are each season being brouglit into the market. — 
 In Brussels, Mr. Shimer makes every effort to keep the 
 department up to a standard of superiority having in 
 stock a complete assortment of the styles, that are now 
 of the prevailing demand, while the other grades such 
 as Ingrain and Three-ply, are represented by many 
 handsome patterns and substantial makes. His carpets 
 are all purchased at bottom prices, and of the leading 
 wholesale houses and manufactories of the country, and 
 represent the very best in the market. He also carries 
 a large and choice variety of window shades, and is 
 ever ready to di.splay these goods or carpets for the in- 
 spection of those who favor the house with a call. 
 
 Mr. Shimer is one of Allentown's most prominent citi- 
 zens, and is identified with every movement for the 
 success and improvement of the city. For twenty-eight 
 years he was in the dry goods and carpet business at 
 No. 705 and 707 Hamilton street, but iu February, 1880, 
 relinquished it and established the present store. 
 
 SHAFER'S NEW BIBLE HOUSE, 
 
 J. Alfred Shafer, Prop., 134 North Seventh 
 Street. 
 
 Establishments of this kind, well stocked with the 
 latest publications, are not confined to the great cities, 
 but will be found in every city and town, thus evidenc- 
 ing the intelligence of the community and at the same 
 time furnishing the rising generation with facilities for 
 extending their store of knowledge. 
 
 One of the leading stores in AUeutown in this depart- 
 ment of trade, and one that has a reputation peculiarly 
 its own, is that known as Shafer's New Bible House. 
 He occupies a desirable store, and carries an extensive 
 stock of Bibles and Testaments, of which goods he 
 makes a specialty, and also carries a complete line of 
 Miscellaneous Books, Albums, Stationery, etc. No 
 establishment in the city has any finer variety or a 
 stock more extended in its suj;)jects. 
 
 He deals extensively in the latest standard works, 
 many of those which he soils with his own imprint 
 upon them, and in many respects much improved by 
 handsome binding that is placed on them by his direc- 
 tion. Persons desirous of securing Standard and Mis- 
 cellaneous Books, will find at this house a variety 
 worthy their attention. 
 
 Mr. Shafer is a native of Allentcnvn, and not only 
 thoroughly understands the book trade, but has done 
 much to promote the circulation of useful and bene- 
 ficial reading in this community. 
 
 His establishment presents a scene of busy activity, 
 and the proprietor is fast pushing his way to the very 
 front rank in the business. 
 
 THE WHITE SEWING MACHINE, 
 
 H. Kresge, Agent, 623 Hamilton Street. 
 No invention that has sprung from man's ingenuity 
 has been of such general use as that of the sewing ma- 
 chine. It has not only completely revolutionized the 
 home circle, but has been brought largely into service 
 in the manufacture of many goods, thereby lessening 
 
 labor tuKl eheai>ening those articles made hy the 
 needle. 
 
 Among the many machines now in the market, that 
 known as "The White" has rapidly gained favor, and 
 is recognized as possessing a number of improvements 
 not embraced in any other. 
 
 The White .Sewing Machine claims many advautagt- 
 over all competitors, among others every moving part 
 is case-hardene<l and adjustable, and if any piece proves 
 defective within five years it will be replaced free of 
 cost. Again it is claimed to be so simple in construction 
 that little instruction is required to become profiiucnt 
 in its use, and its upper tension is so easily controlled 
 that after being once regulated it is automatic, requir- 
 ing no change of any kind for ordinary family work 
 It is also light-running and nearly noiseless, and i> 
 adapted to any kind of .sewing, from the lightest mus 
 lin or silk, to the heavit'st woolen or cotton goods 
 features which are very much in its favor in the selec- 
 tion of a sewing machine. An important consideration 
 that the White Company places upon their machine i.s. 
 the guarantee which warrants the natural wear and 
 tear of the White Sewing Machine for family purposes 
 for the term of five years. Of course, tlws excepts the 
 breakage of needles, bobbins and shuttles. The price of 
 the White ranges from 130 to $85, the last for the full 
 cabinet case. 
 
 The agency is situated at No. 623 Hamilton street, and 
 is under the control of W. F. Kengolt, Mr. Kresge being 
 the general agent. This agency was established in the 
 spring of 1881, and within the short time has become 
 extremely popular throughout the surrounding county, 
 and many of the machines are in use in this territory 
 These two gentlemen are courteous and polite, and well 
 adapted for the management of an enterprise of this 
 kind. 
 
 CONSTANT F. LOSCH, 
 
 Freight Delivery and Liverv and Boarding 
 Stables, 117 North Church j^tuket. 
 Any enterprise thatis well managed is sure of success 
 hence it is found that since Mr. Constant F. Losch es- 
 tablished him.self in the Freight Delivery and Livery 
 business iu 1872, he has been successful in his efforts 
 in catering to the wants of the public. All along he 
 has shown a complete and thorough knowledge of what 
 was required, a taste in his outfits, and a careful super- 
 vision of every detail in the several departments and 
 necessary equipments, that has given his establish- 
 ment a name second to none iu the city. His stables 
 stands on North Church Street, and is a substantial two* 
 stoiT brick building, sixty by seventy feet in dimen- 
 sions, and well fitted up with superior stalls and other 
 facilities for the comfort and convenience of the busi- 
 ness. He has twenty head of horses, and possesses a 
 a full stock of Coaches, Buggies, Phaetons, Cutters, 
 Harness, Robes, etc., of elegant style and finish and of 
 the very best manufacture, special care being taken 
 that everything turned out from the establishment us- 
 supi)lied with every requisite for comfort and safety 
 
 A specialty of Mr. Losch's business is the Freight 
 Delivery Department, in which there are engaged four 
 wagons. This is a very important feature in the suc- 
 cessful transaction of business and among his patron.s 
 are numbered the leading business men of Allentown, 
 who find that their goods are handled promptly, satis- 
 factorily and carefully by him. Six men are employ- 
 ed in connection with the business, over whom Mr. 
 Losch exercises a vigilant supervision, as he does over 
 the general work and management. He has built up a 
 large trade, both in the Freight Delivery and Livery bus- 
 iness, and his attention to the wants of his patrons is 
 making him nuiuy fricnd.s. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE T.EIIIGH VALLEY. 
 
 137 
 
 Q. P. HARTMAN, 
 
 Agent Fok Skwing Waohine.s 816 Hajiit.ton 
 Street. 
 
 Among the popular .sewing niachine.s,noneliol<lsa bet- 
 ter reputation among those who are acquainted with 
 its merits than theAmerican.ofwhich Mr.G. P.Hartman 
 is Agent for AUeutown and vicinity. This machine 
 is noted for its durability, simplicity, freedom from 
 combinations liable to disa^rangment, and its light 
 running qualities. These machines are fully described 
 in elaborate catalogues issued by the Company. While 
 Mr. Hartman makes a specialty of the American, he 
 supplies any other make of machines in the market, if 
 desired. He is a thorough, practical mechanic, and 
 those trading with him have all assurance that their 
 machine will always be kept in fine running order. 
 
 Mr. Hartman began this business about two years ago, 
 and from an intimate knowledge of all the prominent 
 machines in the market is well fitted to give his patrons 
 .satisfaction. He is a gentleman of push and enterprise 
 and thoroughly reliable. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER KAEPPEL, 
 
 Ste.\m Dying and Cleaning, 539 Union Street. 
 
 The leading dying and cleansing establishment in 
 Allentowu is that of Mr. Christopher Kaeppel, whose 
 place of business is located at No. 539 Union Street, 
 where it was opened six years ago. For many years 
 previous he was engaged in similar business at Scran- 
 ton, and removed thence to this city in 1875, where he 
 has by careful attention to business, secured a very de- 
 sirable trade. His building is fitted up with every ap- 
 pliance for executing any order at the shortest notice 
 and with the utmost satisfaction. He makes a specialty 
 of dying and cleaning Silk and Woolen Shawls^ 
 Dresses, Veils, Ribbons, Feathers, etc., and in their 
 manipulation using the best dyes and the greatest eaic 
 to produce colors as substantial and beautiful as the orig 
 inal. Gentlemens' clothing he dyes and cleans with- 
 out ripping, and possessing a long practical experience 
 in the handling of these particular goods, he is enableil 
 to make them look as well as when new. Sheep skins 
 tanned and colored in every shade, also wool and cot- 
 ton yarn for manufacturing in every color or quality. 
 Having a large trade he is better able to promptly ex- 
 ecute his orders than those doing a very small busi- 
 ness, and persons bestowing their patronage upon this 
 establishment will be guaranteed satisfaction. 
 
 Mr. Kaeppel is an industrious and energetic man, ami 
 personally supervises the details of his business. 
 
 LEHIGH VALLEY FILE WOKK.^, 
 
 L. Kilian & Co., Pkop'r, 338 North Fifth Street. 
 Few people are aware of the extreme care that is ne- 
 cessary to u.se in the manufacture of Files, they requir- 
 ing the most perfect tempering, neither t<:io much or tiio 
 little, but a uniformity that is a sure test of the ability 
 of the nianufactUTir;. The leading cntcrpri.se in the 
 manufactiu'e of tliesc articles in Allentown, is the 
 Lehigh Valley File Works, L. Kilian i& Co.. proprietors. 
 It is al.so the oldest, having been established in ISf)."). 
 immediately after the close of the war, the pieseiu pro- 
 prietor starting the enterprise after his discharge ft-oni 
 the army, in which he had served during four years 
 He occupies an ample shop in the rear of his residence, 
 which is fitted up with the necessary requirements and 
 tools for the manufacture of these goods. His files com- 
 prise all the kinds in use, and are cut in the most care 
 ful manner by hand, which give them a greji.er value 
 than themachine made, they lasting a longer time and 
 doing better work. Thoroughly understanding the 
 business, which he has secured by twenty years active 
 experience, he produces a file that has no superior in 
 
 the market and commands a sale as fast as produced. 
 He manufactures files for the leading iron companies 
 in the Valley, notably, the Bethlehem Iron Company, 
 Allentown Rolling Mill Company, and Thomas Iron 
 Company, and this fact, if no other, is a guarantee of 
 their superiority. 
 
 Mr. Killian learned the trade in Philadelphia in the 
 most thorough manner, and upon its completion re- 
 moved to this city, wliere he established the present 
 enterprise. During busy .seasons he employs two liands 
 and annually manufactures a large number of these 
 useful articles, which find a market throughout the en- 
 lire State. 
 
 EAGLE DRUG STORE, 
 
 Augustus Weber, Proprietor, 617 Hamilton 
 Street. 
 
 The drug store of Mr. Augustus Weber possesses every 
 convenience and requisite that goes to make it one of 
 the first of its class in the city. The proprietor is a prac- 
 tical druggist, keeping only the most reliable chemicals 
 and the best and purest of drugs. The store was estab- 
 lished about thirty years ago, and for six years has been 
 located at the present desirable stand, where there is a 
 full and complete stock of everything requisite, and 
 the interior fittings and fixtures are all of a character 
 which retlects the greatest credit upon the taste of the 
 proprietor. 
 
 The store has a double front, with a depth of fifty 
 feet, and the genen lb isiness may be .said to be divided 
 into three departnieinn, wholesale, retail and the com- 
 pounding of prescriptions, all of which are under the 
 ilirect personal management of the proprietor. In ad- 
 dition to Drugs and Chemicals, Mr. Weber also carries 
 an extensive stock of Fancy Toilet Articles, comprising 
 Brushes of all kinds. Medicated Soaps, and a full line of 
 <'ologne and Extract Perfumes. In these specialties 
 I he house does both a wholesale and retail trade, 
 and druggists and others will find that the goods are 
 reliable and pure. 
 
 The prescription department is managed with that 
 scrupulous care that has made it universally popular 
 with the citizens of the community. 
 
 Mr. Weber is a native of Gennany, and came to this 
 country when about eighteen years of age, and is now 
 regarded with that estimation rightfully due to a busi- 
 ness policy founded upon the strictest integrity and the 
 highest standard of professional accomplishment. 
 
 11. L. MILLER, 
 
 Artist in Photography, 637 Hamilton Street. 
 
 This branch of trade has many radical changes 
 within the past few years, and it has now reached a de- 
 gree of perfection that entitles it to marked con.sider- 
 aiion. .\mong the gentlemen engaged in this business- 
 in Allentown is Mr. H. L. Miller, whose photographic 
 rooms are located on the second floor of the building at 
 No. 637 Hamilton street. Although he opened his gal- 
 lery at the present location in April, 1880, he is the pos- 
 .sessor of an experience that extends over many years, 
 and is, therefore, well qualified to meet the demands 
 for all kinds of work. His galleries are furnished with 
 every modern appliance for the successful prosecution 
 of photography in every branch, particularly for the 
 many new styles that are now so attractive. His pic- 
 tures are of recognized merit, and having the happ>- 
 faculty of producing good effects. 
 
 Ladies visiting his galleries receive the politest at- 
 tention, and very rarely fail of being satisfied in getting- 
 lii-st-class work. 
 
 Mr. Miller is a gentleman esteemed and respected by 
 all, and fast winning a very large list of patrons. Hav- 
 ing a thorough kiiowlcd.ae of the business, he is able to 
 execute the finest work in the most satisfactory man- 
 ner. 
 
138 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALT>EY. 
 
 LEHIGH IRON WORKS, 
 Allentown. 
 
 The first iudication of substantial industry that 
 matches the eye of the traveler on the approach to Al- 
 lentown from the East, is the furnace of the "Lehigh 
 Iron Works," located near the junction of the Lehigh 
 Valley and E. P. R. R's. The works consist of two fur- 
 naces, No. 1 being erected in 1868, and No. 2 in 1872. The 
 former has a stack fifty-five feet high, with sixteen feet 
 bosh and an engine of forty-eight inch cylinder and 
 seven feet stroke ; while No. 2 has a stack sixty feet 
 high, with seventeen feet bosh, and an engine of fifty- 
 four inch cylinder and seven foot stroke. The ores used 
 are the Berks and Lehigh county Hematite and New 
 .Fersey Blue Magnetic. The annual output aggregates 
 22,000 tons of metal, the product being designed for 
 foundry work, and the trade being with the leading 
 hardware and stove works in the United States. In the 
 furnaces proper, a force of one hundred men are em- 
 ployed, while at the lime quarries adjacent to the 
 works a force of from twenty-five to forty men are con- 
 tinually getting out this necessary adjunct to iron man- 
 ufacture. For the rapid production of iron these 
 works possess unsurpassed facilities, as within the 
 borders of Lehigh and Berks counties they have in 
 operation ten mines, employing a force of from two 
 hundred to three huudredmen engaged in getting out 
 the ore for shipment to the furnaces. 
 
 This is rendered easy by the splendid railroad facil- 
 ities enjoyed and the outlet from the furnaces by the 
 Lehigh Valley Railroad, enables them to promptly 
 ship all the perfected product of the work and avoid 
 overcrowding, or the accumulation of stock. The bear- 
 ing of these works with others of similar nature upon 
 the thrift of the people and the welfare of the commu- 
 nity is very marked, as it necessitates in its successful 
 operation the outlay of large sums annually in wages. 
 
 The President and Treasurer of the enterprise is Mr. 
 Wm. H. Ainey, who is also President of the Second 
 National Bank of Allentown. He is a native of Sus- 
 quehanna county, and was born in 1846. For twenty- 
 seven years he has been a resident of Lehigh county. 
 He is by profession a lawyer, but eighteen years ago 
 abandoned its practice and applied himself to the bus- 
 iness which stands today as a monument to his man- 
 agement and sagacity. 
 
 The Secretary and Manager of th3 works is Mr. Har- 
 rison Bortz, a native of Lehigh county, and a practical 
 man in iron manufacture. Upon him devolves the 
 general oversight of the production, and much of the 
 success attending its operations is due to his attentive 
 and careful manipulation of details. 
 
 ALBRIGHT'S FREIGHT DELIVERY, 
 
 And Liveky Stable, L^a-w Street, North of 
 Hamilton. 
 
 Among the many livery establishments in Allentown 
 that of Albright & Bro. deserves special mention in this 
 work as being one in every way a representative of the 
 best class of such establishments. Their stables on Law 
 street. North of Hamilton, are complete in every way, 
 and are arranged in a manner that affords the greatest 
 convenience in every department. The stable contains 
 fourteen head of horses, and riding or driving, single 
 or double teams can always be secured. 
 
 A very important part of the business is the freight 
 delivery department, in which there are engaged three 
 teams. All goods are promptly delivered to any part of 
 the city, and great care is exercised in their proper 
 handling. 
 
 Messrs. James and George W. Albright are both na- 
 tives of Allentown, and are active and enterprising 
 jneu. 
 
 CLARENCE H. STILES, 
 
 School Books and Stationery, -531 Hamilton 
 Street. 
 
 Prominent among the book and stationery stores in 
 Allentown is that of Mr. Clarence H. Stiles, at the above 
 location, where he es'tablished the business in 187.3. He 
 occupies a neat and attractive establishment, conven- 
 iently fitted up and arranged for the conducting of the 
 business, and in which he carries a full and complete 
 stock of Books of all kinds, including School Books in 
 their variety. Miscellaneous and Standard Books, rep- 
 resenting the leading publishing houses of the country. 
 This stock has been selected with great care and is be- 
 lieved to be equal that of any other house in the city. 
 Persons desiring anything in this line should inspect 
 the variety here displayed, and learn for themselves 
 the desirable assortment that is always kept. The Sta- 
 tionery department contains a very select variety of 
 Writing Paper of all kinds, including the finest manu- 
 factured for ladies' u.se. A specialty is made for sup- 
 plying Legal Blanks and Lawyer's goods, he keeping in 
 stock an extended assortment of all goods under this 
 head. 
 
 Mr. Stiles was born in Allentown, and is a young gen- 
 tleman esteemed by all. By strict attention to business 
 he has built up a desirable trade, compH'ising a greater 
 part of the legal fraternity and the better class of Allen- 
 town's citizens. 
 
 J. A. KUTZ, 
 
 Wall Paper, 111 North Seventh Street. 
 
 Prominent among the wall paper establishments will 
 be found that of Mr. J. A. Kutz, who has been estab- 
 lished for many years. He carries in stock a desirable 
 assortment of Wall Papers of the latest patterns, includ- 
 ing the many handsome styles of dado papers that are 
 at the present time so fashionable. Being a practical 
 hanger he personally superintends the work entrusted 
 to him and guarantees the utmost satisfaction with 
 every order. 
 
 He is a native of Allentown, and an active and indus- 
 trious business man. His experience and facilities are 
 such that he is able to execute the finest work at the 
 shortest possible notice, and at the most favorable 
 prices. 
 
 E. D. SEIGFRIED, 
 
 Jeweler, 103 North Seventh Street. 
 
 Mr. Seigfrled, the popular and well-known chronom- 
 eter and watch maker, of No. 103 North Seventh Street, 
 first engaged in business in Allentown, 1879, and has 
 within the two years built up a desirable trade. He 
 keeps a stock of Watches of the best productions of Amer- 
 ican and European manufacture, also Clocks and Jew- 
 elry of the newest and most fashionable styles and designs 
 especially selected for a first-class trade. The store is 
 handsomely and tastefully arranged and frequented 
 by our best citizens, who find here a variety of goods 
 that are sold without any misrepresentation. A spe- 
 cialty is made of repairing watches, this department 
 being under the immediate supervision of Mr. Seig- 
 fried, who is a practical watchmaker and exercises in 
 their handling the greatest care and precision. Work 
 entrusted to the establishment receives prompt atten- 
 tion. 
 
 Mr. Seigfried is a native of Allentown, and an ener- 
 getic business man. During his continuance in the 
 Jewelry trade he has made many friends, and his bus- 
 ness has rapidly assumed considerable proportions.— 
 Two assistants are employed, and patrons receive oour- 
 teous and polite attention from all connected with the 
 house. 
 
RESOURCES OP THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 139 
 
 ANTHONY & EBBECKE, 
 
 Hardware, Cutleky, Builders' Suppues and 
 Sportino Goods, 606 Hamilton Street. 
 
 Few establishments ia Allontowu enjoy a better repu- 
 tation or liave better facilities for supplying their cus- 
 tomers than this young and enterprising firm. 
 
 The business now conducted by them was established 
 iu 1861 by C. F. Wolfertz & Co., for the sale of Sporting 
 Goods, Cutlery, etc. Wolfretz & Co. conducted the 
 business until February, 1881, when the present firm 
 became the proprietors. With the vigor and enterprise 
 of a young firm they began at once to make prepara- 
 tions for enlarging their business by greatly increasing 
 the size of their .store, and adding to their sto(;k a com- 
 plete line of general Hardware and Hou.se Furnishing 
 goods. 
 
 This firm is rapidly making its way to a prominent 
 position in the business community by industrj- .prudence 
 and fair ili'uling, and have already secured a liberal 
 " patronage. 
 
 The store is stocked with a complete line of Hard- 
 ware, Builders' Supplies, House Furnishing Goods, Cut- 
 lery, Guns, Fishing Tackle and Sporting Goods gener- 
 ally, comprising a stock requisite in a first-class estab- 
 lishment, which will always be kept up to a common 
 standard of excellence, enabling them to supply any- 
 thing in their line. 
 
 The store has a double front, and is 22x70 feet in di- 
 mensions, with a large store house in the rear. Messrs. 
 A. A. Anthony and M. C. Ebbecke compose the firm, 
 and are active, enterprising young men, and deserve 
 credit for giving the citizens of Allentown a first-class 
 house in this line. 
 
 The senior member of the firm is a native of Easton, 
 and the junior of Philadelphia, each having had an 
 extensive experience in the busine.ss, both wholesale 
 and retail, and in city and country, trade. 
 
CaTflSAUQUa. 
 
 AN ACTIVE IRON MAXUFACTURING TOWN, AND THE LOCATION OF THE FIRST 
 FURNACE IX THE UNITED STATES FOR PRODUCING PIG IRON BY ANTHRA- 
 CITE COAL A SKETCH OF HOKENDAUQUA, ONE MILE DISTANT. 
 
 Three miles distant from Allentown, on the 
 east bank of the Lehigh river, is situated the bor- 
 ough of Catasauqua. The name, to many, is a 
 very singular one, and was derived from a creek 
 which empties into the Lehigh at the southeast 
 of the town. It is a compound word, meaning 
 in the dialect of the Leni Lenape tribe of In dians 
 who inhabited this section of the country, " dry 
 ground." The creek aforesaid was " Catiisauque' ' 
 on some old maps, while on others it was called 
 "Mill Creek," by reason of a mill which was 
 erected upon its head- waters by Thomas "^Vilson, 
 in 1735, 
 
 ITS SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Catasauqua is comparatively a new settle- 
 ment, in 1839 the site being nothing but a wood- 
 land, and on it were but two houses, one at each 
 extreme end of the town plot. During that year 
 a company of gentlemen from Philadelphia, con- 
 sisting of Messrs. White, Hazard, Earp, Mitchell, 
 McAllister, and several others, proposed the erec- 
 tion of an iron furnace for^the purpose of making 
 iron with anthracite coal, which had been accom- 
 plished in Wales a few years before, by Mr. 
 George Crane. These gentlemen selected this 
 location for the reasim that the great iron and 
 limestone beds of Lehigh County were in the 
 immediate neighborhood, and as the Lehigh Ca- 
 nal passed directly through the grounds, it would 
 aSbrd them the necessary water power to drive 
 their machinery, and could supply them with 
 coal direct from the mines, as well as convey 
 their product to market. Another object that 
 probably exercised considerable influence in 
 their selection of this site, was the offer made in 
 1838 by the Lehigh Coal and Navagation Com- 
 pany, giving to any parties who would lay out 
 $30,000 in cash, and establish a furnace and run 
 successfully on anthracite coal for three months, 
 
 the valuable water privileges extending from the 
 Hokendauqau dam to the Allentown dam, about 
 four miles in lenth. 
 
 After securing from Wales Mr. David Thomas, 
 who thoroughly understood the construction of 
 iron furnaces, the company commenced the erec- 
 tion, the ground being broken in July of that 
 year. 
 
 THE FIEST ANTHRACITE FURNACE. 
 
 The first furnace was completed in 1840, and a 
 large number of laborers' houses were erect- 
 ed, as well as a substantial residence for Mr. 
 Thomas. The settlement was named Craneville, 
 and the company "The Lehigh Crane Iron 
 Company." The iron works were a success, and 
 after firmly establishing the practicabilty of 
 manufacturing iron with anthracite coal, erected 
 another furnace in 1841. In 1846 the demand 
 for their iron exceeded the facilities to produce, 
 and furnace No. 3 was erected, and in 1850 two 
 more were put in operation. 
 
 During the enlargement of the works the town 
 made rapid growth, and on the 1st day of Febru- 
 ary, 1853, it was incorporated by the Court of 
 Quarter Sessions of Lehigh county. The first 
 officers were David Thomas, Burgess ; Owen 
 Rice, Secretary; Joshua Hunt, Treasurer; Charles 
 Sigler, High Constable, and James S. Reese, So- 
 licitor. 
 
 With the many improvements made at the 
 iron works, and the completion and opening of 
 the Lehigh Valley Railroad in September, 1855, 
 through from Easton to Mauch Chunk, and 
 completion of the Catasauqua and Foglesville 
 Railroad in 1857, business at Catasauqua took a 
 rapid start. In 1860 the town contained nearly 
 3,000 population, there were four hundred 
 dwellings, and a number of industries of various 
 kinds. 
 
RlCSoriiCJOS OF THE LP^HIOH VALLEY. 
 
 141 
 
 THE TOWN" OF TO-DAY. 
 
 Oatasauqua of to-day is an active and enter- 
 prising manufacturing town, and is regularly 
 laid out, extending about a mile on the Lehigh 
 river and canal, and eastward about a half mile 
 to the Northampton county line. It ha.s now a 
 population of 4,000, and is steadly enlarging and 
 filling up the vacant spots within its border 
 limits. The sjtlendid position which it occupies 
 in the midst of a rich iron ore and limestone coun- 
 try, tlie facilities itpossesscs by railroad and canal 
 for transportating its }iroductions, and the com- 
 stantly increasing trade wliich it cummands, all 
 tends to impress one with the belief that it is 
 <lestined to have a bright and prosperous future. 
 The growth of the town ha.s been ra])id. consider- 
 ing its age. Tlie sagacity and foresight of the 
 men who first selected the site for a town upon 
 -which Catasauqua now stands is apparant in 
 almost every i>articular. From the Leliigh, 
 wliich flows along the entire front of the borough, 
 it extends back on a gradual rise, affording an 
 easy and gentle grade to the streets,carrying otFall 
 the accumulating lilth and keeping the town 
 free from the semblance of a muddy-pool. But 
 few towns can boast of so jierfecta drainage, and 
 to it, probably, more than any otlier one thing 
 can the continued liealtlifuUness of the town be 
 attributed. 
 
 The borough is divided into two wards and Is 
 governed by a council of six members. Since the 
 incorporation the following gentlemen have 
 served as Burgess: David Thomas, 1853; John 
 Boyer, 1854; Uriah Brunner, 1855; David Thomas, 
 1856-7; William Goetz, 1858-9; A. C. Lewis, 1860; 
 John Williams, from 1861 to 1872, witli the ex- 
 ceptions of 1870-1, when the office was filled by 
 James C. Beitel; Melchior H. Horn, 1874; George 
 Brown, 1875; William H. Glace, 1876; Henry 
 Davis, 1877, who continued in office until 1881, 
 when Philip Stern was elected. 
 
 The town is lighted and -well supplied with a 
 good qualtity of gas by the Catasauqua Gas 
 ■Company, which was incorporated in 1856 with 
 a capital of $13,000, but since considerably in- 
 creased. 
 
 W.A.TER AND FIKE DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 Catasauqua has no doubt one of the most com- 
 plete and abundant water arrangements in the 
 State, and at a very little cost to the citizens. 
 They were erected by the Crane Iron Company, 
 for the benefit of the town, in 1845. In 1860 they 
 were considerably enlarged and the pipes ex- 
 tended. The present works consist of an engine 
 and stand pipe at the river works, and the reser- 
 voir is located on the highest ground in the 
 neighborhood, being situated on a plot of ground 
 purchased by the Iron Company many years ago, 
 at Fifth and Walnut streets. The capacity of the 
 reservoir is 200,000 gallons, abundant for a town 
 three times the present size of Catasauqua. 
 
 Few towns of its size have so etfi<'ient a tire de- 
 
 partment, and it is believed it is almost an 
 exception in this respect. There are two com- 
 I'anies, and they are composed of a fine class of 
 able-bodied men. 
 
 The Phoenix Steam Fire Engine Company was 
 organized on the 22nd of April, 1866, and ha.s now 
 a large roll of active members. They have in 
 their posses.sion one steamer and two hose car- 
 riages. The Southwark Fire Company's engine 
 was formerly owned by a company of that name 
 in the volunteer department of Philadelphia, but 
 owing to the organization of a paid department, 
 the engine and equipments were sold to the 
 Crane Iron Company, who a few years ago erect- 
 ed a handsome two-story building for the Fire 
 Company's use. This Company was organized 
 Eebruary 4, 1873, and is also in excellent condi- 
 tion. In addition to these two companies, the 
 Catasauqua Manufacturing Company have a 
 large fire brigade organized from its employees, 
 and own considerable hose. 
 
 CHURCHES AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 The churches are neat and substantial edifices, 
 and consists of two Presbyterian, two Lutheran, 
 one German Reformed, two Methodists, two 
 Catholics and one Baptist. The school systen^ 
 of the borough will compare favorably with any 
 in the Commonwealth. There are four school 
 buildings, all large and substantial structures, and 
 each divided into the different departments from 
 primary to grammar and in charge of compe- 
 tent and efficient teachers. The number of ciiil- 
 dren attending is about eight hundred, and great 
 attention is given by the authorities to promote 
 the perfection of the schools. 
 
 Catasauqua has a National Bank and two 
 weekly newspapers, and has also a number of 
 secret and social organizations. There is a 
 Town Hall in which council meets, and is also in 
 use for general purposes. 
 
 RAILROAD FACILITIES. 
 
 The railroad facilities of Cata.sauqua are excel- 
 lent, embracing the Lehigh Valley upon the op- 
 posite side of the river; Catas:uiqua and Fogies - 
 ville Railroad, running from the Lehigh river to 
 the East Pennsylvania Railroad, and through 
 the great iron ore region of Lehigh county, and 
 the Lehigh and Susquehanna Division of the 
 New Jersey Central Railroad on the Catasauqua 
 side of the river. These three roads give access 
 to the various iron and coal regions, and also 
 make communication with the important mar- 
 kets of the country of the greatest convenience. 
 Capitalists are contemplating a fourth railroad 
 for the town, to run from there to the Bangor 
 slate region, in the northeastern part of North- 
 ampton county, by the way of Chapman's and 
 the borough of Nazareth. The Canal of the Le- 
 high Coal and Navigation Company passes 
 through the town. 
 
 The Lehigh river is crossed at Catasauqua by 
 two wooden bridges. Wliere the first bridge 
 
142 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEIIICII VALl.EY. 
 
 now stands there was formerly a ferry known as 
 Bienig's Ferry. In 1824 a chain bridge was 
 erected here, part of which was carried away by 
 the fresliet of 1841. It was repaired and stood 
 until 1853, when it was taken down, and the 
 present structure, known as Bienig's Bridge, 
 erected in its place. The Lehigh Crane Iron 
 Company in 1847 erected a bridge just above 
 their works, which is also u.sed as a rail- 
 road bridge. On Catasauqua creek, not far from 
 the town, George Taylor, one of the signers of the 
 Declaration of Independence, formerly lived. 
 
 THE CRANE IRON COMPANY. 
 
 The Crane Iron Company have been Tnstja- 
 nientaJ in the success of the tov;n, and when 
 starting here where the first furnace in the 
 country to burn anthracite cortl Viisir p-reseu": 
 works consist of six furnaces, wh'ch when all 
 burning liave a capacty of sixty-five +hcusand 
 tons per year. These works are supplied with 
 every modern appliance in use for the manufac- 
 ture of pig-iron, and take rank with the leading 
 concerns in tiie country. 
 
 The Catasauqua Manufacturing Company is 
 also an important indu.stry, as are the extensive 
 fire brick works located here. Independent of 
 these enterprises, the town contains a large plan- 
 ing mill, machine shops, foundries and a great 
 variety of mercantile establishments. 
 
 GENERAL APPEARANCE. 
 
 The borough is well bitilt, and there is an air 
 of apparent comfort in the place, very unusual 
 in an iron manufacturing town. The dwellings 
 of the workmen employed in the furnaces are not 
 the inferior buildings too often found around such 
 establishments, but, with a few exceptions, have 
 an appearance of neatness and order which is 
 pleasant to behold. There is also a large number 
 of liandsonie cottages and private residences, 
 on which are displayed considerable taste in archi- 
 tectural designs. There are perhai)S few manu- 
 facturing towns where so much intelligence is 
 displayed by the working classes. This condition 
 of affairs is due in a very considerable extent to the 
 efforts of Mr. David Thomas, who tried to instill 
 in the minds of his workmen the great necessity 
 f)f sobriety and self-culture. Mr. Thomas still 
 lives in the town, and is much respected by all 
 throughout the entire Lehigh Valley. 
 
 THE CATASAUQUA AND FOGLESVILLE RAILROAD. 
 
 In connection with the borough of Catasauqua, 
 appears to be a very appropriate place to give a 
 short sketch of the above mentioned railroad. 
 This road was built in 1857, (at that time but nine 
 miles in length, at a cost of about $2,600,000,) by 
 the Lehigh Crane and Thomas Iron Companies. 
 At the present time the road extends from Cata- 
 sauqua to Bethlehem Gap, a distance of twenty 
 miles. The road was built for the purpose of 
 reaching the great iron ore beds belonging to these 
 companies, theorefrom which liad previously been 
 carted to them bv mule teams. About five miles 
 
 from Catasauqua the road crosses the Jordan 
 creek, on a sjilendid iron bridge, 1,105 feet in 
 length and 85 feet above low water in the creek,. 
 When this was built, in 1857, it was the largest, 
 iron bridge in the United States, and attracted 
 very general attention. The entire cost was about 
 $77,000, a sum surprisingly low, in comparison 
 to the cost of similar structures at the present 
 time. The successful completion of the bridge 
 turned the attention of railroad builders to iron 
 as suitable for the construction of bridges of this 
 nature, and there now is to be found many bridges 
 ^hat are more wonderful in the length of tlieir 
 spans and heighth, than even was this in it;* 
 early day. 
 
 From Trexlertown to Lichty there is a branch 
 road of five miles, making the whole length of the 
 road twenty-five miles. The road is equipped 
 with six locomotives, four passenger and bag- 
 gage cars, and 577 freight and ore cars. The road 
 bed is of furnace cinder and broken stone, nine- 
 teen miles being of the former and six of the lat- 
 ter. The company employ sixty-one men, and 
 during 1880 carried 10,374 passengers, and 433,- 
 948 tons of freight of all kinds, 232,115 tons being 
 iron and other ores. The present oflEicer.s 
 are : President, Joshua Street ; Secretary and 
 Treasurer, John Williams ; Chief Engineer and 
 General Superintendent, G. W. Chapman. The 
 otfice of the company is at Catasauqua. 
 
 HOKENDAUQUA. 
 
 This pleasant village is located nearly one 
 mile above Catasauqua, on the west bank of the 
 river Lehigh. The town was laid out by the 
 Thomas Iron Company in 1855, who at that time 
 owned about thirty-five acres, and upon which 
 they divided off building lots, .50 by 100 feet, with 
 streets from sixty to ninety feet in width. Hok- 
 endauqua derives its name from a small creek 
 which empties into the Lehigh on the eastern 
 side, about a half a mile above the village. It is 
 an Indian word, "Hoken," in the Delaware In- 
 dian language signifying "Land," and "docque," 
 — "reacbing for or seeking." The name in fact 
 was not given to a stream of water, but was an 
 exclamation used by the Indians at the time the 
 first Irish settlers located therein 1730; it was 
 probably made use of in speaking to the survey- 
 ors; a large portions of the streams were named 
 in this manner by the surveyors. 
 
 The settlement and progress of Hokendauqua 
 is owing entirely to the Thomas Iron Company, 
 who are the only industry located here, and own 
 and control a greater portion of the village. The 
 present population is about 1,200, and the people 
 are a very industrious class. The dwellings pro- 
 vided for their employees by the company are 
 very much above average, they being surrounded 
 with ample ground and upon wide streets, that 
 are well shaded. Notwithstanding the prepon- 
 derance of this portion of the population, there 
 area number of very neat and attractive resi- 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LKHIGII VALLEY. 
 
 145 
 
 dcnccs of otlier citizens. The handsome mansion 
 of the Superintendent of the iron works occupies 
 a commanding site to the west of the village, from 
 which point a grand view is secured. 
 
 A very noticeable feature of the village is the 
 general cleanline.ss that pervades it throughout, 
 although there is no incorporation. The streets 
 are provided with running water, and there is a 
 pride to keep every atom of tilth from the public 
 thoroughfares. It is an indei)endent school dis- 
 trict, which hiis enabled the residents to provide a 
 commodious building, and jilace the schools, 
 which are divided into three departments, under 
 the control of competent instructors. 
 
 The land upon which the village is built is 
 
 liigh, affording excellent drainage, and making it 
 an extremely hcaltliy place of residence. The 
 Thomas Iron Works arc fully described in the 
 pages that follow, a.s well as the two mercantile 
 enterprises of the town. 
 
 The business houses tliat are appended, repre- 
 sent the leading industries, both manufacturing 
 and mercantile, of Catasauqua, and the reader 
 should carefully glean from the articles the ad- 
 vantages tliey otfer from which to procure 
 their specaltics. The village of Hokendau(iua 
 contains three enteri)rises, one producing and 
 two mercantile, all three of which have been given 
 place in this work. 
 
 ' CRANE IRON WORKS, 
 
 Catas.\uqua. 
 
 The Crane Iron Works may be termed the pioneer 
 anthracite pigiron works of tlie United States. The 
 origination of the works were brought about in the fol- 
 lowing manner: In 18:W the Leliigh Coal and Naviga- 
 tion Company offered to any parties who would estab- 
 lish a furnace and lay out S;<0,(XX) cash and run success- 
 fully on anthracite coal exclusively for three months, 
 the valualjle water privileges extending from Hokeu- 
 dauqua dam to the Allentown dam, about four miles in 
 length. The same year Mr. Erskiue Hazard went to 
 Wales, and engaged Mr. David Thomas at the Ynis- 
 eedwin works of Mr. George Crane, where anthracite 
 was being used successfully, and on his arrival in this 
 country in 1839, the Company was organized, and in 
 July Mr. Thomas broke ground for the first furnace, 
 which was blown in July 4, 1840. As success crowned 
 the enterprise, furnace No. 2 followed in a year, and in 
 ten years from the start Ave furnaces stood there. 
 
 At the present time there are six furnaces, which, 
 when all running have a capacity of about seventy-flve 
 thousand gross tons per year. To give the necessary 
 supply of blast for these great works five large engines, 
 ranging from eight hundred to fifteen hundred horse 
 power, stand ready for use in the large engine houses. 
 
 This Company have always been in the fore-front Of 
 improvement in their business, as they aim to produce 
 only the highest grade of foundry iron and replace the 
 celebrated Scotch pig. Carrying out this aim, a few 
 years ago they erected the first Whitwell hot-blast stove 
 in the anthracite iron trade. Although the Whitwell 
 stoves involve very much greater expenditure than the 
 ordinary cast iron stove, yet the results in the form of 
 soft and fluid iron justify the outlay. Mining its own 
 ores from its numerous mines of hematite ore in Penn- 
 sylvania and of magnetic ore in New Jersey, the Com- 
 pany is able to insure their careful cleaning and pre- 
 paration, and to obtain n steady supply of uniform 
 character and to command the precise admixture neces- 
 sary to give strength and toughness, as well as softness 
 and fluidtty. In order to make the best use of its ma- 
 terials the Company has a well-equipped laboratory, in 
 which a resident chemist is constantly employed in ex- 
 amining the stock used. 
 
 The Company employ about four hundred men at the 
 v.'orks, and uttlie mines and in other capacities, about 
 five hundred additional. The amount annually paid 
 out for salaries is enormous, and to them the prosperity 
 of not only Catasauiiua biU otlier points as well is due. 
 
 The Company's ollice is in Philadelphia, Mr. Samuel 
 Dick.sou being the presideiU, and George T. Barnes, sec- 
 retary and treasurer. At the works in Catasauqua the 
 officers are Joshua Hunt, superintendent; Joseph 
 
 Hunt, assistant superintendent, and John Williams, 
 cashier. 
 
 After a careful review of the works, there appears to 
 be good foundation for the claim that the quality of the 
 Crane Iron has steadily imi)roved, and that the present 
 product is more than worthy of the high repiUation it 
 has so long enjoyed, not only througliout the New Eng- 
 land and Middle States, but also from Canada and Cal- 
 ifornia. 
 
 LEHIGH FIRE BRICK CO., 
 
 Manufacturer of Fire Bricks, on the I.ehioh 
 Canal. 
 
 An important indu.stry thatis directly connected with 
 the iron interests is that of the manufacture of fire 
 brick, there being several of these enterprises located 
 within the Valley. One of the leading firms engaged in 
 the business is the Lehigh Fire Brick Co., whose exten- 
 sive works are located at Catasauqua, where they were 
 establislied in 1868 by Mr. David Tliomas, the well- 
 known iron manufacturer, Oliver Ritler and Sanuiel 
 McHose. In 1873 he associated his sons with him in 
 the business, the firm name becoming as now known. 
 
 The works are located between Front street and the 
 Canal of the Lehigh Navigation Co., in the upper part 
 of the town, and occupy a considerable plot of ground. 
 The buildings are constructed under one roof, and are 
 of two-stories, substantially erected of stone, with a 
 front of 280 feet and a depth of 160 feet. There are also 
 five kilns, with a capacity of 3;5 ,000 each, and the works 
 are equipped with every modern appliance for the rapid 
 manipulation of the clay. There are employed forty- 
 eight hands, and the annual production is about two 
 and a-half million brick, embracing every kind in use 
 in furnaces and mills. The clay is tlie well-known 
 Woodbridgc cliiy, which is the best in the country, the 
 brick manufactured therefrom being superior in every 
 particular. The (irm manufacture Fire Brick of every 
 shape for Furnaces, Ovens, ,\rches. Linings, Jams, 
 Boshes, Cupolas, etc., and when the stock on hand is 
 not of the kind desired, they will make new patterns to 
 order. Every facility from railroad and canal is con- 
 veniently aflbrded them for shipment, a siding of the 
 Crane Iron Co. running into the works, and connecting 
 with L. V. and C. R. R., and the Lehigh Canal along 
 side. 
 
 The firm is composed of Mr. David Thomas, (the father 
 of the iron industries of the Valley), his son-in-law, Mr. 
 Joshua Hunt, and his sons, Messrs. Samuel and John 
 Thonms. The reputation of these gentlemen is such 
 that nothing we could say would add to it. The works 
 are under the immediate charge of .Mr. David Hunt, as 
 superintendent, a gentleman thoroughly convei-sant 
 with the manufacture of Fire Brick. 
 
144 
 
 RESOURCES OF THK l.KlirOTT VALLEY. 
 
 UNION FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., 
 Corner Front and Pine Streets. 
 
 These works were established about thirtyyeai's ago 
 and in 1809 were purchased by a coinpaiiy, and have 
 since been kept in t)peration by them. They arc sit- 
 uated on Front street, at the corner of Piue.and are con- 
 venient to the Central Railroad or Lehigh Canal. The 
 works occupy aconsiderable plot of ground, upon which 
 are large and necessary buildings, together with ample 
 yard room, the whole being supplied with much new and 
 improved machinery for produeiug the various special- 
 ties of manufacture. The Company are particularly 
 engaged in manufacturing all kinds of rolling mill 
 work, controlling in this branch of its work a large 
 business from the many mills located in the Valley, 
 possessing very superior facilities, they are enabled to 
 compete in this work with any concern in the Valley; 
 and their productions are known over a wide extent of 
 country. All the buildings, including machine shop, 
 foundry, blacksmith shop, pattern buikling.etc., are sub- 
 stantially erected, the whole forming an active centre 
 of industry. In the various departments of the works 
 there are employed thirty hands, and a twenty-horse 
 power engine furnishes the motive power for running the 
 machinery, much of which ingenious and particularly 
 adapted for the si eeialty of work for which it is em- 
 ployed. 
 
 The Company is composed ot several prominent gen- 
 tlemen, the works being under the direct control of Mr. 
 David Williams, the managing partner, who is 
 Ihoroughly conversant with the business. The Union 
 Foundry and Machine Company have a well earned 
 reputation for doing first-class, work and are rapidly 
 building up a large trade. They exercise an impor» 
 tant influence in the prosperity of the town. 
 
 J. SWARTZ & SONS, 
 
 Dry Goods, Notions, Groceries, Etc., Front 
 
 Street, Above Bridge. 
 One ot the largest, stores in the Borough of Catasau- 
 qua is that of the firm of J. Swartz & Sons, who are loca- 
 ted in the central part of the town, and convenient to 
 the trade from all portions. This well-known house is 
 one of the oldest here, having been established in 1856, 
 by I. & J. N. Swartz, who continued to conduct it until 
 the year 1878, when the junior, Mr. J. N. Swartz, retired, 
 and the senior associated his two sons with him, under 
 the name as now known. 
 
 The store is 20 by 6j feet in dimensions, and well 
 adapted in every way for the display and sale of every- 
 thing pertaining to this line of business. In the Dry 
 Goods department there is an attractive assortment of 
 Dress Goods, Muslins, and a general variery of ladies' 
 goods, including fancy and staple articles of all kinds. 
 The Grocery stock comprises a full and complete line of 
 Teas, Coffees.Sugars, Canned Goods, and an endless vari- 
 ety of commodities to be found in a well regulated store 
 of this kind. The store isarranged in a very neatmanner 
 and the goods desplayed in an attractive style, evincing 
 the ent ri rise and sagacity of the firm. Independent 
 of the three members of the firm, two assistants are em- 
 ployed in filling orders and putting up goods to supply 
 the demand which comts from all parts of the borough 
 and surrounding country. The stock is large and val- 
 uable, and the annual sales aggregate a large sum. 
 
 The senior of the firm, Mr. Joseph Swartz,wasborn in 
 Catasauqua in 1812, and is one of the oldest bu.siness 
 men in the town. Few gentlemen are more highly es- 
 teemed and respected. The sons are Messrs. T. J. and 
 Preston F. Swartz, bith natives of the town, the former 
 born in 1856 and the latter in 18-59. They have been 
 valuable aids to the success of the house during the 
 past few years. 
 
 EDWARD D. BOYER, 
 
 AVholesale and Retail Druggist, 231 Front 
 
 Street. 
 This well-known establishment was originally .started 
 about eighteen years ago, and has been conducted by 
 Mr. Boyer as sole proprietor since 1878. He deals in 
 pure and fresh Drugs only, and keeps in stock an exten- 
 sive variety of these goods, purchased of tlie leading 
 wholesale houses of New York and Philadelphia. A 
 complete line of toilet goods is always on hand, which 
 comprises many handsome articles. Mr. Boyer gives 
 his special supervision to the compounding of family 
 and physician's prescriptions, the legitimate duties of a 
 druggist. 
 
 Mr. B. is a native of Catasauqua, where he has always 
 resided. He was brought up in the drug business, pas- 
 sed a successful examination, and graduated from the 
 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in the class of 1877. 
 He is a skilled and competent apothecary and phar- 
 macist, and by strict attention to the details of the busi- 
 ness has made his store popular with the citizens and 
 medical fraternity. He is a young man and is conscien- 
 tious and reliable in business, and well deserving the 
 success he has attained. 
 
 HENRY J. SOUDERS, 
 
 Stoves, Ranges, Tinware, etc., 431 Front Street, 
 Between Bridge and Church Street. 
 
 No branch of industry is more essential to our com- 
 fort than that of the stove trade. Justice to the busi- 
 ness interests of Catasauqua prompts us to give a prom- 
 inent position in the Stove and Hardware trade to Mr. 
 Henry J. Souders. 
 
 In reviewing the history of the house it is found that 
 it dates its origin about fifteen years ago, when the 
 present proprietor began the business in a smaU way 
 with a very limited amount of capital. By strict at- 
 tention to the trade, and personally superintending all 
 work, he rapidly secured a large patronage, and now 
 occupies the position abjve accorded him. He keeps a 
 full stock, and is a manufacturer and dealer in Parlor, 
 Office and Cooking Stoves, Hot Air Furnaces and Cook- 
 ing Ranges, House Furnishing Goods, etc. He is also 
 extensively engaged in the Plumbing and Gas Fitting 
 business, and as this department is thoroughly under- 
 stood the house commands a very large part of the trade 
 of the town. 
 
 Mr. Souders was born in Lancaster county, and was 
 practically brought up to the present business. Occu- 
 pying premises, 20x60 feet, and having fifteen years ex- 
 perience in this community, enables him not only to 
 understand the wants of his customers, but to conduct 
 his business with promptness and dispatch. 
 
 CATASAUQUA BREWERY', 
 
 C. Stockbueger, Proprietor, Second Street. 
 It was some time before the American people took 
 kindly to the favorite beverage of Gambrinus, but when 
 they began to discover its many excellences and health- 
 giving properties it was soon adopted, and it has 
 to a great extent taken the place of thefirery compound 
 known as whisky. Good beer can be safely used by 
 every one, and with many it serves as a gentle tonic, 
 giving health and tone to the system. The popular 
 brewer of Catasauqua, Mr. C. Stockburger, who has his 
 brewery on Second street, began brewing about sixteen 
 years ago, and has since conducted the business with- 
 out interruption. The brewery buildings are nearly 
 new, substantially built of brick, and furnished 
 throughout with all the necessary appliances, such as 
 vats, tanks, elevators, etc., necessary in the business. 
 In the brewery seven hands are employed, the capacity 
 being about 2,500 barrels per annum. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE T^EiriGH VALLEY. 
 
 145 
 
 Tbe beer from the Catasanqua Brewery has achieved 
 a high reputation, it being noted for its purity and 
 healthful qualities, and is in many instances recom- 
 mended by physicians. The sale is not confined to 
 Catasauqua or its immediate vicinity, but is shipped to 
 various points upon the Lehigh Valley and Lehigh and 
 Susquehanna Railroads, and the demand is such that 
 the brewery is run to full capacity. It is not only the 
 oldest, but the largest of the two breweries located in 
 the town. 
 
 Mr. Stockburger is a practical man in the brewery 
 business, and thoroughly understands its every detail. 
 He is courteous and gentlemanly, and is popular with 
 his fellow citizens. 
 
 •CATASAUQUA MILLS, 
 
 William Younger, Prop'r., Race Street, near 
 Bieky's Bridge. 
 
 This is one of the prominent industries of the thriv. 
 Ing borough of Catasauqua. The original mill was 
 built ou this site abaut a hundred years ago and was 
 the centre of a considerable trade, the residents of the 
 surnunding country for many miles depending upon 
 it lof their supplies. The present handsome building 
 was erected in 18G9, and is five stories in height, with 
 diffiensions, forty by one hundred feet, making it one 
 of (he largest mills in the Valley. It has seven run of 
 s'.one and all other appliances of the most approved sort, 
 ak>d has a capacity of over a hundred barrels per day. 
 The flour manufactured here has a very extended repu- 
 lr>tlon,the superior quality making for it a wide demand, 
 n«cessilating the mill running to its fullest capacity.— 
 Great care is exercised in selecting the wheat, and the 
 flour has therefore maintained its standard of purity 
 and excellence. There are employed at the mill seven 
 hands, the whole being under the immediate supervi- 
 sion of the proprietor. 
 
 Mr. Younger was born in Lehigh county in 1825 and 
 removed to Catasauqua in 1856 when he became pro- 
 prietor of these mills. He is a gentleman well and 
 favorably known throughout the entire community, 
 and is one of its leading business men. 
 
 HARKY H. WEBB, 
 
 Diamonds, Watches, and Jewelry, 515 FroNT 
 
 Street. 
 Among the Jewelry establishments of Catasauqua, 
 mone enjoy a higher reputation than that of Mr. Harry 
 H. Webb, a young gentleman thoroughly understand- 
 ing the business and the requirements of the trade. His 
 ■store is of good size, and well adapted in every appoint- 
 ment for the Jewelry trade, possessing ample room and 
 is neat and well lighted throughout. Mr. Webb makes 
 a specialty of fine Diamonds and Jewelry of every de- 
 gcription, including Watches of all makes, and keeps an 
 assortment that is well worthy of inspection, With all 
 watches sold by him he gives a guarantee, warranting 
 them to be as represented in every particular. He also 
 keeps in stock an assortment of Clocks, Silver and Plated 
 Ware, of all kinds, and if what is desired is not to be 
 found among his variety, will gladly secure for his pa- 
 trons the required article, having the illustrated cata- 
 logues of the leading manufactories to select from and 
 thus offering a better oppouunity to obtain exactly 
 what is wanted, than could be made from any retail 
 ■store. Special attention is given to repairing watches, 
 his experience giving him unbounded facilities for the 
 work . 
 
 Mr. Webb opened his establishment in 1880. and dur- 
 iug the short career of the store it has secured a promi- 
 nent place among the retail houses of the town. He is 
 a young gentleman and a practical man in the watch- 
 making business. 
 
 CIIAItLES CORWIN & BItO., 
 
 General Store, Corner Front .ikd Church 
 Streets. 
 
 The business carried on by this live, active firm, was 
 started in 1861, by Mr. George S. Corwin, father of the 
 members of the present firm, who continued the busi- 
 ness alone until 1871, when the firm as now constituted 
 succeeded. The house was established on a sound busi- 
 ness basis, which has tided it well over the financial de- 
 pressions that the country has experienced, and when 
 many other houses were lost in the voxtex, it was grow- 
 ing in volume of trade. The firm are the most enter- 
 prising of any in the retail business in Catasauqua, and 
 aimually do a larger trade than is transacted by any 
 other liouse in the towit. The store occupied by them 
 is desirably situated, and in dimension is twenty by 
 eighty-seven feet, ample in its proportions for the rapid 
 disposal of the trade that centres here. It is eqniped 
 with the modern conveniences for transacting business, 
 and is probably the best furnished establishment in the 
 borough. 
 
 Tlie front of the store is devoted to the Dry Goods de- 
 partment, in which there is a verj' choice assortment of 
 dress goods of all kinds, and the many other articles 
 common to an establishment of this class. That por- 
 ti<m of the house devoted to Groceries, contains a full 
 and complete variety of staple and fancy goods, fresh 
 and at the lowest market prices. A specialty is made 
 of Hardware, the stock being the largest in the borough, 
 and embracing every article that naturally belongs to 
 this branch. 
 
 The firm employ seven assistants, and firmly adhere 
 to the rule to promptly and satisfactorily attend to all 
 who pay the establishment a visit. 
 
 The senior of the firm, Mr. Charles Corwin, was born 
 in Orange county. New York State, and for many years 
 has been a resident of Catasauqua. Mr. Henry B. Cor- 
 win was also born in the same county, and now resides 
 in East Orange, New Jersey, and is connected with a 
 house in Newark, in that State. The firm are enter- 
 prising and active. 
 
 CHARLES G. SCHNELLER, 
 
 Stoves, Heaters, Tinwere, Etc., Corner Front 
 
 Street and Strawberry Alley. 
 The stove and tinware establishment of Mr. Schneller 
 is the leading business place of the kind in Catasauqua. 
 He first began business in 1848 in a modest way and 
 has since continued to increase his stock and his pa- 
 tronage and ranks among the most important business 
 houses in the borough. He manufactures all kinds of 
 Tin, Japanned and Sheet Iron Ware, and deals in 
 Stoves, Heaters, Ranges, Wood and Willow-ware, and 
 tin toys, and conducts a large and influential trade 
 derived from the best class of citizens. In the manu- 
 facturing and repairing department of his business 
 several hands are employed, and a large amount of 
 work is annually produced. The establishment has a 
 frontof twenty feet, the store-room having a depth of 
 sixty-six feet, and the workshop thirty-four, and is one 
 of the largest in the borough in dinjcusions. Particular 
 attention is given to Plumbing and Gas Fitting and 
 competent and experienced workmen are employed 
 for this particular department. 
 
 Mr. Schneller was born in Bethlehem in 1821. and 
 removed to Catasauqua in 1848, when he opened the 
 present enterprise. For twenty-seven years he lia^s been 
 located at the present stand , and is the oldest business 
 man in the town, no other gentleman now engaged but 
 who has started since he began. He has always taken an 
 active interest in affairs pertaining to the borough, and 
 is emphatically a self-made man, well entitled to the 
 success he has attained. 
 
143 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIOH VALT,EY. 
 
 OWEN RORMTOn, 
 
 Dry G(1ods and Orockrif.s, No. 3 Front Street. 
 
 Amoug those in Catasauqiia engaged in the Dry Goods 
 and Grocery bnsiness is Mr. Owen Rormich, who oc- 
 cupies a large and convenient store, at No. 3 Front 
 street. It has a double front of twenty feet, with a 
 depth of sixty feet, fitted with every convenience for 
 the rapid transacting of business, and is stocked with a 
 full and complete line of goods. In the Dry Goods de- 
 partment there will be found a choice assortment of 
 desirable goods, including dress fabrics of Foreign and 
 Domestic manufacture. Muslin, Linens, Calicoes, etc, 
 and a very extensive variety of notions and fancy arti- 
 cles, a specialty being made of first-class goods. The 
 portion of the establisment devoted to groceries is sup- 
 plied with fresh goods, the business- being of such pro- 
 portions as to call for frequent replenishing. Mr. Ror- 
 mich employs four practical assistants and the trade 
 under his management has rapidly assumed great 
 value, and equals that of any other house in the 
 borotigh. 
 
 Mr. Rormich is a native of Lehigh county, and in 18G0 
 opened the present store, which he has conducted, with 
 the assistance of his son, F. W. Rormich, since that time. 
 He is the proprietor of Rormich's flour mill, located 
 in Whitehall township, running three run of stone and 
 doing a general business, the products of the mill 
 finding a ready sale in this section of the State ; he is 
 also engaged in farming. He is esteemed by all as an 
 upright and honorable citizen and is in every respect 
 entitled to the success which he has attained as a busi- 
 ness man. 
 
 JAMES C. BEITEL, 
 
 Jeweler, Front Street. 
 
 Among the popular Jewelry stores in Catasauqua that 
 of Mr. J. C. Beitel takes a leading rank.. The store is 
 arranged in a neat and attractive manner, in which he 
 displays a complete line of new ajid fashionaljle Jew- 
 elry in rich, elegant and unique designs, together with 
 watches of the finest Foreign and American makes, 
 Mr. Beilel is a thorough watchmaker and jeweler, 
 having served a regular apprenticeship at the business. 
 He Is a native of Catasauqua and established his pres- 
 ent business nearly twenty years ago. He is a reliable 
 and industrious business man, and being thoroughly 
 practical in the business is prepared at all times to 
 give satisfaction. 
 
 A specialty is made by him of repairing Clocks, 
 Watches and Jewelry, in which branch his services are 
 constantly in demand. His stock is well worthy of in- 
 spection and those residents of the borough who desire 
 such goods should avail themselves of the reliable 
 stock here offered . 
 
 SAMUEL WIRT, 
 
 General Store, 142 Front Street. 
 
 One of the popular and enterprising stores in Cata- 
 sauqua, carrying a neat and attractive assortment of 
 goods, is that of Mr. Samuel Wirt, who occupies a fine 
 building on Front street nearly opposite the National 
 Bank. 
 
 A business reputation and experience of many years 
 enjoyed by the proprietor, enables him to conduct the 
 enterpri.se with success. A varied assortment of goods 
 is kept constantly on hand, embracing a prominent line 
 of Dry Goods, Groceries, Provision, Queensware, Wooden 
 and Willow Ware, beside a stock of Notions. Since tlie 
 inception of this prosperous enterprise, the business has 
 constantly increa.sed, and the trade now conducted 
 with the resident citizens and surrounding farmers is 
 very large. Goods are purchased for cash, securing for 
 the hou.se the choice of the market. The business as 
 
 conducted by Mr. S. Wirt is a fir.st-class one, and he i» 
 rated as an honorable and just man in all his dealings, 
 prompt in the discharge of all business obligations, and 
 a citizen who has always taken an active interest in the- 
 welfare of Catasauqua. 
 
 STINE & KRAMLICH, 
 
 Rectifiers and Wholesale Liquor Dealers, 19' 
 Church Street. 
 
 The wholesale liquor business is well represented in. 
 Catasauqua by this firm. The business established 
 in 187-2, is now well known over a large extent of coun- 
 try andfis regarded as one of the most reliable houses in 
 the Leliigli Valley. Tliestore isloeated at No, 19 Church 
 street, and has a handsome front of 22 feet extending^ 
 back CO feet, and in its general appearance and arrange- 
 ment is one of the model stores of the town. They also- 
 conduct a store at Shamokin where a large business is 
 done. A very extensive stock of pure Liquors embrac- 
 ing several well known and popular brands of Whis- 
 kies, including the celebrated Dougherty, Mt. Kouon 
 Hannisville and Monticello and Brandies, Gin, Rum, 
 and Foreign and Domestic Wines, are always on hand- 
 and are offered to tl.e t ade at prices that defy competi- 
 tion. This firm make a specialty of fine goods, and 
 guarantees their stock to be strictly as repre.sented. — 
 For invalids' use and medicinal and family purposes a 
 supply of strictly pure goods can always be obtained 
 here, the high reputation of the establishment being a 
 sufficient guarantee for the truth of this statement.— 
 Tbe firm is composed of R. F. Stine and A. C. Kram- 
 lich both well acquainted with the details of the trade. 
 
 We heartily commend this house to the community^ 
 confident that all who establish business relations with 
 the firm will find them of the most satisfactory charac- 
 ter. 
 
 MAX REIS, 
 
 Clothing, Gents' Furnlshing Goods, nAT.s and 
 Caps, 407 Front Street. 
 
 One of the attractive clothing houses of C-atasauqua 
 on the main thoroughfare. Front street, is that of Mr. 
 Max Reis. This business was established in 1877 by 
 the present proprietor, who has made it one of the 
 popular resorts for those in search of reliable clothing. 
 The goods in stock comprises everything desirable for 
 men's and boys' wear, of the most fashionable style and 
 seasonable goods,and well made with the most desirable 
 trimmings. A stock of gent's Furni.'-hing Goods of 
 the newest and latest novelties can always be found 
 here, besides stylish Hats and Caps, the best productions^ 
 of the leading manufacturers, which are djsposed of at 
 prices as low as cau be obtained either in Philadelphia 
 or New York. 
 
 The store is of good size, conveniently arranged for 
 the display and examination of the articles on sale, and. 
 affording every facility for conducting his growing 
 trade. 
 
 Mr. Max Reis is an active, energetic man, fully posted 
 in all details of the business, and one who combines the 
 knack of pleasing all with an honorable and straight- 
 forward manner of Conducting business. 
 
 CHARLES MUMMEY, 
 
 Harness, Saddles and Satchels, 511 Front 
 Street. 
 This is the leading dealer and manufacturer of har- 
 ness in Catasauqua. He established the business about 
 twelve years ago, and removed to his present stand in 
 1875. He carries a fine stock of light and heavy Har- 
 ness, Collars, Bridles, Lines, Nets, Halters, Horse Cloth- 
 ing of all kinds, and a general variety of goods and 
 
RESoUnclOS OF THE LKITIGII VALT.EY. 
 
 147 
 
 articles neertod by horsemen. A greater part of all har- 
 ness kept by liini is of his own niainifactiire, and is j 
 made in a workmanlike manner of tlie liest leather. He ; 
 also keeps a variety of Trunks, Traveling Bags, etc., j 
 and is well able to supply all demands from his well- | 
 as.sorted stock. ' 
 Ulr. Mummey is a native of Northampton county, . 
 Jiud is a practical man in his business. He mauufac- J 
 tures first-class stock, and has made a success of his i 
 -work, as is demonstrated by his large custom. He is an 
 ui)riglit citizen, and is esteemed in the community. 
 
 THOMAS IRON WOHK.S, 
 HOKENDAUQUA. 
 
 The traveler passing through the Valley if not 
 thoroughly acquainted with the extent and number of 
 its industries, will Inid liimself lost with tlie nuignitude 
 of the iron works that appear as he continues toward 
 the coal regions. 
 
 The largest of them are located at Hokendauqua, and 
 are familiarly known as the Thomas Iron Works. 
 While not the first established in the Lehigh Valley, 
 they have i)robably exercised a greater inllueuce upon 
 the prosperity of tliis section of the State than any other 
 single industry. Tiiey are not only the largest in the 
 Valley, but one of the most extensive in the United 
 States, the amountof Piglron annually produced reach- 
 ing an enormous amount. 
 
 The origin of the works dates with the putting in 
 blast of Furnace No. 1, which occurred June 1, 1855, and 
 "Were named after the now venerable David Thomas, 
 who superintended the erection of the first anthracite 
 furnace in the country in 1S40, and is still living at Cat- 
 asauqua, full of years and honor. Tlie Thomas Iron 
 Company, after its organization, purcliased a large tract 
 of land, upon which the village of Hokendauqua now 
 stands, and where they have erected many convenient 
 and comfortable houses for employees. The Company 
 now have at their works six furnaces. No. I was the 
 original one, and is sixty feet high, and eighteen feet 
 bosh ; No. 2 went in blast October o, 1855, and is of the 
 .same dimensions; No. 3, July 18. 18G'J, fifty-five feet high, 
 and eighteen feet bosh; No. 4, April 29, 1863, same 
 dimensions; No. 5, September 15, 1873, sixty feet high, 
 and the same bosh, and No. 6, January 19, 1874, same 
 dimensions. Independent of these the Company are 
 the owners of the works at Alburtus, on the East Penn 
 Railroad, which has two furnaces. 
 
 The Hokendauqua works are the finest in the coun- 
 try, i>os.sessing every improvement for the manufacture 
 of all kinds of Pig Iron, and are the most complete in 
 every department of any now in operation. They are 
 also eciuiped with superior machinery, consisting of 
 three blowing engines, of sixty-six inch steam cylinders 
 and ten foot stroke ; two blowing engines of fifty-si.x 
 inch steam cylinder and nine foot stroke, with blowing 
 cylinder of seven foot six inches, and nine foot stroke. 
 For yard jnuposcs and the shifting of ore, slack and 
 coal cars, the Company have eight ordinary gauge, and 
 four narrow gauge engines, and a large number of cars 
 of various kinds. 
 
 The Company have a capital of 82,000,000, and maiui- 
 facture all kind.s of Pig Iron, and when in full opera- 
 tion having an output of 10;i,ouu tons per annum. At 
 the works about fourhundred liandsare employed, and 
 a large number, independent of these, are employed at 
 the nnnes and in other capacities. They own extensive 
 mines in various parts of the State, and in connection 
 with tlie Crane Iron Comi)any,own the Catnsauquaand 
 Fogelsvillc Kailniad. wliiih not only forms un important 
 road for pas.scnger trallic, but is the outlet of the many 
 iron mines in the interior of Lehigh county. 
 
 The officers of the Company are, Samuel Thomas, of 
 
 Catasauqua, President ; John T. Knight, of F>aston, Sec- 
 retary and Treasurer, and John Thomas, of Hokendau- 
 qua, general Superintcmlent. These gentlemen are 
 well-known througliout the State, and the great success 
 Miat has attended tlie wiirks will attest the ability that 
 has been exerci.scil in their management. As to the 
 quality of the production, it is so well known among 
 iron men that no comment upon its superiority is 
 deemed neces.sary. 
 
 J. S. CIIRISTMAN, 
 
 Dry (iooDs andGroceriivs, etc.. Corner Second 
 ANDCiifucn Streets, Hokendauqua. 
 This is the oldest establishment of its kind in Hoken- 
 dauqua, having been originally started in the year 1868 
 at the corner of Iron and Front streets, by the present pro- 
 prietor and Wni. H. Hain.undertbe firm name of Christ- 
 man & Bain, who conducted a successful business. Mr. 
 Bain retired in 1876, when Mr. Christman became the 
 sole proprietor. In 1878 the establishment was removed 
 to its present location. The experience of thirty years 
 in trade has well qualified Mr. (,'hristman to conduct 
 an enterprise of this kind, and it may be surmised that 
 tliis establishment is pretty generally known to the en- 
 tire community. It is younger to-day, however, than 
 at any period of its history, for its stock was never be- 
 fore so varied or larger, and comprises Dry Goods, No- 
 tions, Trimmings, Hosiery, Gloves, Laces and an exten- 
 sive variety of similar goods, specially sought by ladies, 
 while another department comprises all kinds of Wood, 
 China, Glass, Queensware and House Furnishing Goods. 
 The Grocery department is replete, and fancy groceries 
 of every description. Teas, Coffees, Spices and Canned 
 goods constituting a specialty. The trade is large in 
 Hokendauqua and among the families of the surround- 
 ing country. 
 
 Mr. Christman is a native of Monroe county. Penn- 
 sylvania, and has been a resident of Hokendauqua for 
 fifteen years. He is a prudent, honorable, vigorous man 
 of business, and influential iu mercantile, social and 
 public aflfairs. 
 
 R. A. MILLER, 
 
 Hats, Caps, Boots, Shoes, Etc., 405 Front Street. 
 
 Prominent among the retail business houses of Cat- 
 asauqua is that of Mr. R. A. Miller, whose store is loca- 
 ted at No. 405 Front street.where he carries an extensive 
 stock of Hats, Caps, Straw Goods, Boots and Shoes. The 
 store was established several years ago, and has been in 
 the hands of the present proprietor since 1875. who has 
 during the six-years, very greatly increased his facili- 
 ties for supplying the goods desired by his customers. 
 His stock of Hats an<l Caps, comprise a full line of these 
 goods, and including all the new and popular styles of 
 Men's and Boys head wear, every effort is made to keep 
 the as.sortment up to a standard of excellence, and his 
 intentious in this direction has met with the popular 
 approval of the general public. 
 
 Another department of the establishment is devoted 
 to the sale of Boots and Shoes, where he has for the in- 
 pection of patrons an attractive variety of goods of this 
 line in every style. A specialty is made of Ladies' fine 
 Shoes. Mr. Miller is an active and enterprising gentle- 
 man and deserving the success he has secured iu giving 
 to Catasaqua a first-class store of the kind. 
 
 GEORGE W. KEMERER. 
 
 Generai> Store, Corner Iron and Front 
 
 Streets, IIokenoaiijia. 
 The popular and well-known store of Mr. G. W. Kjm- 
 erer, dealer in Dry (.;oods,Groceries, etc., has been estab- 
 lished since 186H. In 1878 the present proprietor suc- 
 ceeded to the business, and is securing his full share of 
 
148 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 the patronage of the community. He carries a full 
 stock, is closely attentive to business, and uniformly 
 liberal in his dealing with his customers. Dry Goods 
 form a prominent and very considerable proportion of 
 the stock. These are always varied, seasonable and in- 
 viting, and includes the freshest novelties in the way 
 of Notions,Gloves, Hosiery and ladies' furnishing goods. 
 
 Tlie grocery department in the rear of the store is 
 well stocked with the freshest goods, luxuries, as well 
 as stai)les, being represented, together wit-h provision 
 of all kinds. 
 
 Mr. Kemerer is a native of Carbon county, and re- 
 moved here three years ago. He is a pushing business 
 man, and very popular with a large circle of customers 
 in and around Hokendauqua. His store is the oldest 
 stand in the village, and is ivcU known throughout the 
 outire community. 
 
 JOSEPH TAYLOR, 
 
 DuY Goods AND Groceries, 173 Second Street. 
 
 That Mr. Taylor knows how to cater to the man- 
 ifold wants of the community is very evident from the 
 varied and complete stock of goods he exposes for sale 
 at his store. Tlie store was established a number of 
 years ago, and since Mr. Taylor's proprietorship has be- 
 come very popular with a large class of the citizens of 
 Catasauqua. He keeps a superior stock of goods, sell- 
 ing them at a small margin above cost, on the cash 
 principle. 
 
 Dry Goods, Notions, House Furnishing Goods and 
 housekeeping utensils, together with Groceries and: 
 Provisions, compose his stock. This he never allows to 
 rundown or depreciate. He knows both how to buy 
 and how to sell, he knows too, how to keep customers,, 
 and treats them with such fairness and liberality thati 
 they are constantly ad-vMjrtising his establishment. Hisi 
 store is desirably located on Second street, and conven. 
 lent to trade from both town and country. 
 
COPMY RND STEMTON. 
 
 SITUATED TTPON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE LEHIGH THE FORMER THE LOCA- 
 TION OF FURNACES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PKi IRON, AND 
 THE LATTER OF EXTENSIVE CAR WORKS. 
 
 COPLAY. 
 
 This enterprising borough is located about a 
 half mile above Hokendauqua, on the same side 
 of the river, and is four and a half miles west of 
 AUentown and twenty-four miles east of Mauch 
 Chunk. Upon the settlement of the town it was 
 named Schreiber's. In 1859 the name was 
 changed to Coplay, after the creek of that name 
 that empties into the Lehigh river near Catasau- 
 qua. The proper and original name for this 
 stream is "Copeechan," which is an Indian word 
 signifying "that which runs evenly," or, "a fii^e 
 running stream." 
 
 The changing of the name from Schrieber's to 
 Coplay, was deemed advisable, as the Lehigh Val- 
 ley Railroad had given the station at this point 
 the latter name, and the change was made there- 
 witli to avoid unnecessary trouble. 
 
 The completion of the Lehigh Valley Rail- 
 road found Coplay a village of very few houses 
 and the location of but one completed enterprise. 
 This was the extensive distillery of Mr. Edward 
 Schreiber, who annually manufactured some 
 five thousand barrels of whiskey. The desirable 
 situation for business here oftercd was soon occu- 
 pied, by a company organized iinder the name of 
 the Lehigh Valley Iron Company, and for the 
 manufacture of pig-iron. The establishment of 
 this concern necessitated the erection of numer- 
 ous dwellings, and the town (now changed to 
 Coplay,) began to make some growth. Each year 
 improvements added to the town's popula- 
 tion and in 18G9 the village was incorporated as 
 a borough. This enabled the citizens to add to 
 the school facilities and otherwise make the 
 borough a desiral)le place of residence. In 1870 
 the census showed the population to be 715, 
 which, notwithstanding tlie .serious effects of the 
 panic of 1873, had incroaseil in 1880 to 900 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 The iron works arc now the only manufactur- 
 ing industry within the corporate limits, and oc- 
 cupy a commanding site along the track of the 
 railroad. A sketch of the company follows 
 these pages, and will be read with interest, as the 
 growth of this little borough is due entirely to their 
 establishment. 
 
 A short distance above Coplay, upon the same 
 side of the Lehigh, are situated the extensive 
 works of the Coplay Cement Company, a view of 
 which is given on page 115, as well as a full de- 
 scription. These two concerns employ a greater 
 portion of the residents of Coplay, and as they are 
 both in prosperous condition, the growth of the 
 borough is very promising. 
 
 Coplay occupies an elevated plateau of ground 
 to the west of the railroad, affording an oppor- 
 tunity for thorough drainage and delightful 
 views up and down the Lehigh. The schools are 
 conducted in a creditable manner, and in charge 
 of competent instructors. A Reformed Church is 
 the only one now in the town, and is a well 
 built and attractive edifice. Five mercantile estab- 
 lishments arc here located, being am})le for sup- 
 plying the population with the neoe.'jsaries of every 
 day life. 
 
 The Lehigh Valley Railroad has made Coplay 
 the western terminus of nearly all their local 
 trains, and the communication with New York 
 and Pliiladelphia, as well as intermediate points, 
 is as frequent as any town in the Valley. This 
 fact at no distant day will stimulate the growth 
 of the borough by the location here of additional 
 industries. 
 
 Coplay is thesoutheran terminus of thelronton 
 Railroad Company which extends to Ironton 
 aiul Orefield. This road was constructed in 1860, 
 the object being for the transportation of iron ore 
 and limestone to the large iron works along the 
 Lehigli river. The production of iron ore and 
 
150 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 limestone along this road is immense 
 and of tlie best quality. Tlie entire 
 length of the road is ten miles, of broad 
 ^auge, laid with inm rails, and has 
 t^leven bridges. 
 
 STEMTON. — 
 
 This borough is situated on the ^ 
 eastern bank of tlieriverat the mouth ^ 
 of Hokendauqua creek, and directlj *-■ 
 opposite Coplay, with which there p 
 is a connection by two bridges. It is ::; 
 on the Lehigh and Suscjuehanna £ 
 Division of the New Jersey Central ?" 
 Railroad, and six miles above Allen ^ 
 town. The settlement for thirty years ^ 
 or more was known as Laubachs, and k 
 upon the incorporation of that por ^ 
 tion lying below the creek into a bor fr 
 ougli in 187L it was changed to Stem- E 
 ton. ^ 
 
 Henrv, in his "History of the Le- ~ 
 high Valley," gives the following in W 
 teresting facts : "There is in the ^ 
 neighborhood of the Hokendauqua ^ 
 creek a tract of country called the >-i 
 'Indian Land;' this was atract of 6500 ~ 
 acres, laid off by order of the Y>ro- 5 
 prietaries in 1731, in order to make 2 
 an experiment in civilizing the In - 
 dians, a number of whom were in- ~ 
 duced to settle on this land. The 
 Moravians, who had commenced tlieii ^ 
 Indian town, Gnadenhutten, about ^^ 
 tifteen miles further north, in 1746 ^ 
 co-operated with the proprietaries and ^ 
 occasionally sent one of their Indian T 
 exhorters to preach and instruct them 
 this man's Indian name was 'Seim, ~ 
 and as some German as well as Irish 
 families had located in the neighbor ^ 
 hood of this reservation, it appears ^ 
 that this 'Seim' was so highly esteem 
 ed by them that in 1752. when they 
 petitioned the court for the erec 
 tion of a township, they de- 
 sired that it be named 'Seimsy town 
 honor of the Indian preacher. The countr\ has 
 been thus called for some years i>revious, and no 
 doubt from the time when Seim, (whose Christ- 
 ian name was Isaac) visited them, which was in 
 the year 1746. The court however, named the 
 county 'Lehigh.' The Indian reservation of 6,500 
 acres was the only tract of land in the county 
 that was not subject to the proprietary quit- 
 rent of one half-penny per acre." The land 
 about the mouth of this creek was always a favor- 
 ite place with the Indians, and early became a 
 point of some notice as a place for trading pur- 
 poses. The flour mill now standing was built in 
 
 1"^~ mil imcd the nucleus of the present set- 
 tlcmtnt riie tow n occupies an elevated plateau 
 of land, and is well built, with neat residences of 
 those engaged in the two industries here located. 
 
 The estal)lishmentinl867 of the ju'esent exten- 
 sive car shops of the Lehigh Car Manufacturing 
 Comiiany, stimulated the growth of the town, 
 which has now a population of 400. The cov- 
 ered bridge that connects Stemton with Coplay, 
 was built in 1857, and that one in use by the rail- 
 road company some years later. 
 
 We append on the following page the leading 
 industries of both Coplay and Stemton ; 
 
RESOUIIC'ICS OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 151 
 
 LEHTOn CAR MAM'rACTUKING CO., 
 
 Stkmton. 
 
 A caielul uxaminatiou of the industriesof tlu'Lchit^h 
 Valley, reveals the fact that many extensive eiilerprises 
 lire carried on at points removed from the centres of 
 jiopnlation, which demand special attention at our 
 hands, and will arouse the ijiterests of the reader by 
 their magnitude, and the prominence they have 
 Achieved. Of such, the Lehigh Car Manufacturing 
 Company, the character of its work, and the impetus 
 which it has given to the general thrift of tlie communi- 
 ty, becomes tit themes for renwirk. 
 
 The works of the Company are located in the borough 
 of Seniton, on the L. and .S. liivision of tlie New Central 
 Railroad, about six miles from Allentown, and are de- 
 sirably situated upon an extensive tract of ground.— 
 They were established in 1«67 by >Ir. (ieorge H. Stem, 
 ■who is still actively engaged with the enterprise. The 
 " limited scale upon which the concern was first estab- 
 lished is rather a matter of astonishment, in view of 
 the extensive Imsiness that is now transacted. The 
 plant, covers an area of about 15 acres, the main build- 
 ing 60 by 310 feet, blacksmith shop, 50 by SO feet, gen- 
 eral shop, oO by 100 feet, together with other buildings 
 in use as store shops for \iuMnished work and lumber. 
 Here are employed two hundred and Hfly men, the 
 greater part of whom are skilled mechanics, and to 
 whom is monthly distributed a large sum in wages. 
 The works are furnished with every modern appliance 
 for the manufacture of their specialties, which include 
 Box, Gondola, Coal, <)re Drift, or Mine Cars, of all kinds, 
 Aud in every department the Company exercise the 
 greatest care aud vigilance to produce the best that is 
 posible to manufacture. The capacity of the works 
 for twelve hours is eight box or sixteen flat cars per day. 
 and even this number does not fill the orders as prompt- 
 ly as is desired. Tliey are possessed of ami)le capital 
 for conducting the concern, and have as complete 
 works fur the manufacture of cars of this kind as can 
 be found in the country. A tine stock of lumber aud 
 ■other necessary materials are always kept on hand, iu 
 large quantity, aud the work turned out is superior, no 
 pains being spared to make every part perfect. 
 
 The Lehigh Car Manufacturing Company was iucor- 
 porated iu IsTl, and purchased the works at that time, 
 of their founder, Mr. Stem. The President of the Com. 
 pauy is Mr. H. H. Fisher, of Allentown, a gentleman 
 favorably known throughout the entire Valley, not 
 only in connection with this enteri)rise, but with sev- 
 eral others, prominent among them being the Allen- 
 town I'ipe Works, which are owned entirely by him. 
 Mr. }i. E. Lehman, of Bethlehem, i)roprietor of the 
 Brass Works at that place, is the Vice President ; C. W 
 •Cooper, Cashier Allentown National Bank, is Treasurer", 
 and Mr. Wm. G. Nagle, of Stemtou, tills the responsible 
 position of .'Superintendent. The cojnpanyare well pre- 
 pared to till orders for their make of cars from any part 
 of the country, and for reference to the quality of work 
 done by them they are privileged to refer to the 
 many railroads and mining companies that have their 
 cars iu use. 
 
 •COPLAY IRON WORKS, 
 
 COPLAY Iron Company, (Limited), Proprietor.s- 
 In reviewing the iron interests, attention isdircctcd 
 to the well-known Coplay Works, now owned and con- 
 trolled by the Coplay Iron Company, aud located in the 
 Borough of Coplay, on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. 
 These works were first oi)Cued in 18.5-1 by .Mr. Mcnjamin 
 S. Levan, who continued their o|ieration for many years, 
 but owing to heavy jircssurcs in the iron maiket he sus- 
 pended business, and in IST'J the Company as now con- 
 
 stituted was organized. They are the owners of con- 
 sideral)lc projicrty, Ufxin which, beside the works, are 
 situated a mnuber of the dwellings of the workmen. 
 They have in operation three stacks, and the works are 
 furnished with all the necessary appliances for the 
 manufacture of all grades of Pig Iron. Employing one 
 hundrud and forty men, they aniuially produce about 
 :;0,(J00 tons of Pig Iron, which tind a market tliroughout 
 the entire country. They have also a numlier of engines 
 of both the standard and narrow gauges, together with 
 a large number of cars of various kinds. The greater 
 part of tlie ore used by them is procured from their own 
 mines at different points within ten miles of the works, 
 and consists of a su])erior grade of the hematite ore. 
 These mines are worked for them by contractors, who 
 employ a large force of men. 
 
 TheCompauy isofficered by the following gentlemen : 
 Chairman, E. P. Wilbur, of Bethlehem, a well-known 
 iron and coal ojierator; Secretary and Treasurer, Wm. 
 II. Ainey, of Allentown, and Superintendent, V. W. 
 Weaver, of ('oplay, who i)er.sonally has charge of the 
 works. 
 
 IK )KK\I)AUQUA MILLS, 
 
 Estate of Sa.muel Laub.vch, Prop'r.s Stemton. 
 
 The well-known "Hokendauqua Flour Mills" located 
 at Stemton, have been in existauce for more than a 
 century, they having been established in 1778, when 
 that portion of the Valley was but sparely settled. — 
 What is now known as the village of .Stemton, was 
 formerly called " Laubach's," and had its origin from 
 this mill, which formed the nucleus of the settlement. 
 The structure is five stories^n height, sixty by eighty 
 feet in dimensions, and substantially built of .stone. — 
 Of course the interior has been considerably remodeled 
 but the original walls are still standing, and contains 
 the new aud improved machinery in use for the man- 
 ufacture of flour. The mill has five run of stone, four 
 of which are engaged on flour, the quality of the pro- 
 duction being recognized as having no su])erior in the 
 Valley. The Hokendauqua creek, which empties into 
 the Lehigh at this point, gives the mills their name and 
 also furnishes the necessary power. There are employ- 
 ed six hands, and the daily capacity is about sixty bar- 
 rels, which finds a ready market iu all portions of the 
 Lehigh Valley. The mills are now owned by the estate 
 of Mr. Samuel Laut)ach, who was the proprietor for a 
 long period. Mr. A. D. Laubaeh has the operation of 
 the mill under his charge, superintending the manufac- 
 ture of all the flour. Mr. Edward H. Laubaeh represents 
 the heirs, as agent, and the safe and enterprising man- 
 ner in whicli tfiis mill is now coudiuted, is not only 
 creditable to himself, but a source of i)rofit to the es- 
 tate. 
 
 Near the mill, aud connected with it by telephone is 
 a large and handsome store belonging to the estate 
 devoted to the general merchandise business, and un- 
 der the efficient management of Mr. Peter J. Laubaeh, 
 who also performs tlic duties of postmaster. The size, 
 aud quality of stock is such as to place this establish- 
 ment above the grade of stores in towns of this size, aud 
 is an important aid to the comfort and convenience of 
 the community. The store is -J-JxCo feet, making it one 
 of the best arranged country stores in the Valley, 
 and is always well stocked with a carefully selected 
 line of such goods as are only to be found in first-class 
 stores, and comprises a general line of staple and Fancy 
 Groceries, Dry Goods iu great variety, Notions, Hats and 
 Caps, Boots aud Shoes, Hardware, China, Glass aud 
 Wooden-ware, the stock being always maintained at a 
 common standard of excellence. The mauagemeut 
 reflects great credit upon Mr. Laubaeh. 
 
152 
 
 RESOURCES OF THK LEHIGH VATJ.EY. 
 
 W. F. LEVAN, 
 
 GENrKVI. JfERCnANDISK, FRONT StREKT, CoPI.AY. 
 
 One of the largest establishmeuts in Coplay, and 
 doing a representative business in general merchandise, 
 is operated by Mr. W. F. Levau, and was established in 
 1871 by the present proprietor. For nine years, and 
 until April 1, 1881, the store remained in its original 
 location, but at present is desirably situated on the main 
 street of the Borough, convenient for both town and 
 country trade. The store is well filled with a stock of 
 miscellaneous goods, such as Dry Goods, Groceries, 
 Queensware, housefurnishing articles. Boots, Shoes, 
 etc. The stock is large, and as the trade attached to 
 the establishment is extensive, the goods are undergo- 
 ing a continual removal, thereby keeping for the pa- 
 trons a supply of fresh and new articles. The trade is 
 not confined to the town but is extended over the sur- 
 rounding country, the store having a reputation for 
 superior goods. 
 
 Mr. Levau is a native of Schuylkill county, but has 
 been a resident of Coplay for many years, and is the 
 present postmaster of the Borough. He has ami)le cap- 
 ital, and is a live, responsible man, thoroughly identi- 
 fied with the welfare of the community to whose ad- 
 vancement he has contributed very materially. 
 
 His establishment evidences an enterprise seldom 
 seen in towns of the size of Coplay, and gives promise 
 of an extensive trade. 
 
 LAURYS FLOUR MILL, 
 
 J. R. SCH.\LI., PKOPltlETOR, L.\tTRVS STATION", L. 
 
 V. R. R. 
 The most important industry located at Laurys is 
 the well known Flouring Mill owned by Mr. J. R. 
 Schall. In all the Lehigh Valley no mill is better 
 known, or has a higher reputation for the quality of its 
 product. The mill was established as long ago as about 
 1838, and came into the hands of the present proprietor 
 in 1861. At various times new improvements have been 
 added to its facilities, and for several years the mill 
 has been grinding the famous "New Process" Flour, 
 but the march of improvement and ingenuity has in- 
 vented an entirely new method of producing flour 
 known as the "Roller" or "Gradual Reduction System." 
 In the old process, with heavy mill-stones and their 
 large surface, operating by friction, the wheat is reduc- 
 ed by one violent tearing, rubbing, fretting action, into 
 a mixed mass of flour, offal flour, and offal which can 
 never afterwards be entirely separated. In the new 
 system the wheat is passed through a set of corrugated 
 Chilled Iron Rolls, and is simply a process of gradual 
 reduction from the wheat berry, to the fine.'^t patent 
 flour. In the first break the lierry is split along the 
 crease and the germ separated, the next breaks serve to 
 increase the granules and to detect them from the 
 bran. After each of these operations the product is 
 passed through a scalper or separating reel. The 
 amount of flour produced in these first operations is 
 very small, being only from eight to ten per centimi of 
 the whole, and is of a high quality, strong, white and 
 gritty. It is not killed on the rollers, because they do 
 not come together as in other systems. After this the 
 bran is treated on a fine creased roll, and the germ, 
 
 middlings and tailings, from the purifiers are pa.ssed tO' 
 smooth and fine cro.ssed rolls. The final separations 
 complete tlie operation, and we have the product of 
 flour, middlings and bran. The reduction of middlings 
 tq flouris then done on millstones. The working of the 
 rolls is regular and uniform, they are are capable of finer 
 adjustment than mill-stones, and their work is better 
 under control of the miller, and the dnngcr of fire 
 from friction or dust ignition is reduced to a mini- 
 mum, as they generate no heat. 
 
 The mill is now being entirely remodeled to admit the 
 introduction of the machinery necessary for this meth- 
 od, and is discarding all the old machinery except such 
 as is used in purifing the grain and separating the 
 flour. Nothing of the old mill is to be left standing ex- 
 cept the walls and the improvements, when completed 
 will make the mill substantially new from the founda- 
 tions. The capacity of the new machinery will be 2,000' 
 bushels per day, the flour being the finest possible qual- 
 ity, better even than the former product, which stood, 
 second to none. 
 
 The power is furnished by a turbine wheel of one- 
 hundred horse-power, driven by water from the Lehigh,, 
 which furnishes and unfailing supply. The product 
 of this mill has stood in such high favor that it finds 
 a ready sale in all part^ of the Valley, and the capacity 
 has never equalled the demand. With new and improv- 
 ed facilities the trade will be largely extended, aud the 
 supply greatly inci eased. 
 
 Mr. Schall is to be congratulated in giving to the- 
 Lehigh Valley the first "Roller" flouring mill. He is a 
 resident of Allcntown, and is too well known to the 
 trade and in business circles to need any extended 
 notice in this work. In the future as in the past, no- 
 pains will be spared to make the product of the mill 
 worthy the reputation it has .so firmly established. 
 
 THE SLATINGTON PLANING MILL, 
 John B.\li-iet, Proprietor. 
 
 Promient among the industries outside of the slate in- 
 terests, is that of Mr. John Balliet, proprietor of the 
 Slatington Planing Mill. It is located along the Lehigh 
 Valley Railroad, in the eastern limits of Slatington, 
 and consists of a large frame building, well supplied 
 with new machinery of the best and most approved 
 kinds. A number of hands are employed, all of them 
 being skilled workmen, the whole being under the im- 
 mediate supervision of James B. Follvveiler. 
 
 He manufacturers Doors, Sashes, Blinds, Shutters,. 
 Mouldings, Cabinet Ware, and is prepared to fill con- 
 tracts and orders of any size for these building supplies. 
 Brackets of all kinds are manufactured, which iuclude 
 mauy unique and handsome designs of these orna- 
 ments. 
 
 Mr. Balliet deals extensively in all kinds of and sizes 
 of Pine, Hemlock, Oak and Hard Wood Lumber, and 
 carries a stock that makes the yard a desirable one for 
 builders to visit. Orders by mail are promptly attended 
 to, and his prices he guarantees to be as low as is con- 
 sistent with good material and work. 
 
 Mr. Balliet is an active citizen, and one that takes a 
 prominent interest in the prosperity of the borough. He 
 IS esteemed as a pleasant and afluble gentlemen, and 
 possesses a host of friends. 
 
SLITINGTON. 
 
 THE MOST IMPORTANT CENTRE FOR THE QUARRYING OF SLATE IN THE r-OTTNTRY^ 
 
 AND AN ACTIVE BOROUGH DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO THIS ISKI TL I'RO- 
 
 DUCTION A DESIRABLY SITUATED TOWN FOR BUSlNEbb. 
 
 TJiis active borough, and the great centre of the 
 slate trade, is situated thirty-three miles above 
 Easton, and two miles below the Lehigh Water 
 Gap. That Slatington owes its origin and pro- 
 gress to the slate business, in its various branches, 
 is self-evident, and in giving its history there 
 will be secured a resume of the rise of the slate 
 interests of the valley. It will, therefore, be 
 necessary to go back to the date when the tirst 
 development in slate quarrying in this vicinity 
 commenced, in order to start properly with a 
 sketch of it.*- 
 
 THE FIRST SLATE QUARRYING. 
 
 The first digging for slate began in this county 
 (which was then Northampton) as early as the 
 beginning of the present century. A num- 
 ber of capitalists were organized under a charter 
 granted by the Legislature to open and work a 
 slate quarry on the Delaware, below the Water 
 Gap, as early as 180.5. The organization of 
 this company no doubt stimulated others to new 
 enterprises and further discoveries. 
 
 After slate had been quarried along the Dela- 
 ware for a number of years, it was thought it 
 might be found further along the Blue Mountains, 
 near the Lehigh Gap. Accordingly in 1844 a few 
 Welsh and Jerseymen from near the Delaware 
 Water Gap, emigrated to this vicinity, where 
 they made the first opening on the east side of 
 the Lehigh, near the present quarries of the 
 Heimbach Slate Company. They also explored 
 along Trout creek, and in 1845 opened the first 
 quarry, situated on the hill near Welshtown. 
 
 Previous to this date liowever, parties had 
 operated in the Lehigh Valley, the first quar- 
 ried being by a party of gentlemen from Balti- 
 
 *We are indebted to Mr. 1"). P. Jonos, oiie (if tho loiiiid- 
 ers of the town, for many facts iu connection witli 
 the history of the place. 
 
 more in 1828, near what was formerly known as 
 the slate dam. In 1831 a portion of them dis- 
 covered slate near the Lehigh Water Gap, and a. 
 quarry was opened and worked for several years, 
 after which slate of a better quality was elsewhere 
 discovered, and the old opening was abandoned. 
 
 OPERATIONS BEGAN AT SLATINGTON. 
 
 In 1846 the old Douglass quarry, near Mr. J. D. 
 Emack's factory, was first opened for school slate. 
 The mantel quarry, now owned by the Lehigh- 
 Slate Co., was opened in 1847. The Washington 
 quarry, owned by the same company, was open- 
 ed in 1848, also the* Williamstown quarry, and 
 some of the discoveries at Slatedale were made in 
 the same year. The manufacture of school slate 
 started in 1846 in a small shanty on the creek. 
 The slate was sawed into different sizes, carted to 
 Philadelphia, there shaved, framed, and finished 
 for market. This modus operandi was soon 
 found too expensive, so in 1849 a school slate fac- 
 tory was erected on the nortli branch of Trout 
 creek, the machinery used in Philadelphia being 
 removed into this building, and for several years 
 all the school slate made in this vicinity were 
 finished here. Other quarries than those already 
 mentioned have been opened since the incor- 
 poration of the town, some of which are in suc- 
 cessful operation. Among these may be men- 
 tioned the Pennlyn and Blue Vein in 1804, the 
 American Slate Company in 1865, the Eagle, the 
 Girard, the Columbia Slate Company and other* 
 in 1867. 
 
 The sturdy old Pennsylvania farmer settled 
 here could not for several years realize that an 
 enterprise of this kind could ever amount to any- 
 thing. However, so long as the quarrymeu 
 paid them the royalty, they did not much object 
 to the "holes" being dug into the hillsides, but 
 would not sell their land at any price, even when- 
 
154 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEIIKiH VALLEY. 
 
 wanted to erect dwellings for the workmen, 
 believing that in a short time the works would be 
 abandoned, the dwellings left standing as empty 
 monuments, to be thereafter occupied only by 
 *ome frightful "spooks," lience the first dwelling 
 houses put up here were on leased ground, in 
 such an out of the way place as Welshtown. A 
 few years latter wlien their teams found constant 
 employment carting slate to the canal, tlieir sons 
 and tliemselves working in these quarries, or 
 "holes," as they were apt to term them, new 
 ideas broke upon their vision, and they began to 
 believe that sometliing tangible would come out 
 of this business after all. So about the year 1850 
 some otthe land owners were willing to sell, and 
 the first puchase was made by Robert McDowell 
 and others of about twenty-one acres. In this 
 purchase of land was embraced the AVashington 
 and Bangor quarries, tlie lines extending east- 
 ward across the creek, by what is now Churcli 
 street, to the public road leading from AUentown 
 to Mauch Chunk, and northward bv the main 
 road from said Church street to the ]^resent Pres- 
 byterian church. Upon this piece of ground was 
 conceived the idea of erecting a town. The own- 
 ers of this purchase were R. McDowell, Tliomas 
 Craig, Sr., Hon. James M. Porter, and afterwards 
 D. D. Jones, who in 1851 purchased the entire 
 half interest of R. McDowell in the slate business. 
 This brings us to the starting jtoint when the 
 history of Slatington properly begins. 
 
 ITS EARLY SETTLEMENT 
 
 This settlement in its ealy day contained a saw- 
 mill for cutting lumber, and we have it from 
 the Pennsylvania archives that when the In- 
 dians were troublesome ifortli of here. Captain 
 Benjamin Franklin, with a company of Colonial 
 troops, stationed at "fort Allen" (now Weiss- 
 port) came here in 1757 to buy lumber, with 
 which to build the fort, from a man by the name 
 of "Druekner Kern," no doubt the ancestor of 
 «ome of the present Kerns. His given name not 
 being mentioned in Franklin's report implies 
 thathe was better known by his nickname, which 
 signifies in tlie Pennsylvania dialect, a wit, joker, 
 or one "druekner hinder di ohren," (dry behind 
 the ears.) When building the dam across Trout 
 creek for the mantel factory, in 1859, the old oak 
 timbers were found imlteded in the creek in a 
 good state of i^rcservation, showing clearly the 
 foundation to the "flutter wheel," which no 
 doubt run the saw mill that cut the lumber for 
 Captain Benjamin Franklin, one hundred and 
 nineteen years ago. 
 
 NAMING THE TOWN. 
 
 As already stated the land was purchased in the 
 fall of 1850, and that part fronting on the stage 
 road laid out in town lots. The name first select- 
 ed by R. McDowell was "Waverly." The ground 
 having been sown with wheat, possession was 
 not given until after the wheat was cut, near 
 August 1, 1851. As soon as the wheat was liar- 
 
 vested, stakes were driven for the first house, 
 near the .southwest corner of DowcU and Main 
 streets. 
 
 During the fall of that year three or four more 
 houses were added, and the land began to ad- 
 vance in jmce, some of the hill sides which had 
 been thrown out of the tax list as valueless, 
 brought from one to five hundred dollars per 
 acre. 
 
 Previous to this date tlie nearest post office was 
 at Craig's store, in the Lehigh Gai). Business 
 having now so increased it was inconvenient to 
 travel to the Gap for the mail, and as it was also 
 evident that this i)lace would grow to a town of 
 importance, ai)plication was made to the Post 
 Office Department at Washington for an office 
 to be located at Waverly. Information was re- 
 turned that inasmuch as there was one office by 
 that name, anotlier should be selected, as the 
 Post Office Department could not dujjlicate 
 names in the same State, hence originateil the 
 more appropriate name of Slatington, and D. D. 
 Jones was appointed the first jiostmaster. The 
 mails then i)assed through here daily from Phil- 
 adelphia, arriving at ten o'clock, p. in., on its 
 way to Mauch Chunk, and returning here at 2 
 o'clock in the morning on its way back to the 
 city. The total receipts for the first year were less 
 than fifty dollars, half of which went to tlie gov- 
 ernment and half to the postmaster for his ser- 
 vices. The receipts of this office have since in- 
 creased, so that the government pays the post- 
 master an annual salary of one thousand dollars 
 and makes it a Presidental ai)pointment. 
 
 From 1852 the production <j<' slate gradually in- 
 creased, notwithstanding the difficulties of get- 
 ting it to market. Apart from the local home 
 trade, the only facility was by the canal. During 
 the summer slate Avas hauled across tlie river, 
 there being no bridge by which to cross nearer 
 than the old chain bridge at the Gap. When the 
 river was too high to ford, they had to be teamed 
 to the Gap dam, where the boats crossed to re- 
 ceive the slate. School slate readied a market 
 during boating season by the same facility, the 
 balance of the year they had to be hauled from 
 here twenty-seven miles to Hamburg, on the 
 Reading Railroad, to Wliitehouse station, the 
 terminus of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, 
 or as it occasionly happened, the entire distance 
 to Philadel[)hia. 
 
 OPENING OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD. 
 
 In 1854 the Slatington Bridge Company was 
 chartered, the bridge built, and in November 
 opened to the public. In 1856 the Lehigh Val- 
 ley Railroad was first opened. The same year 
 the hotel near the railroad depot was opened, 
 one or more dwellings added, and the settlement 
 called Liberty. Building lots up town were sold 
 by adjoining land-owners at remunerative prices, 
 and from this date the town grew rajjidly. In 
 1859 the mantel factory of the Lehigh Slate Co. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 155 
 
 was ercctccL Sonic of the largest inaoliincry 
 introduced was l^rou^lit here from Vermont. A 
 smaller buildiiit;; had been ])Ut up on the oppo- 
 site side of the creek in 1.S52 by Jones & (Jo., 
 wherein the Hrst mantels were made and finish- 
 ed. The property subse<iuei»tly passed into pos- 
 session of the Lehigh iSlate Co., and the available 
 machinery reincjved into the new factory, the 
 old building taken down and turned into dwell- 
 ings. In IMti'J the Riverside slate quarry was 
 opened. In ISiVd David Williams &Co. opened a 
 (juarry near the Lehigli river, and their school 
 slate factory jnit up in 18(55, which was destroyed 
 by fire in 1874, and the present large and sub- 
 stantial structure erected in its place in 1875. 
 
 BOROUGH INCORPORATION. 
 
 We come now — 18(34 — to -a, point of special in- 
 terest to the citizens of this important village. 
 Conflicting interests manifested themselves in 
 various ways. To harmonize those and to regu- 
 late matters for their mutual benefit, a charter 
 was obtained in the County court in September, 
 1864, and the town incorporated into a borough, 
 called Slatington, embracing within its corpor- 
 ate limits what was previously known as Kerns- 
 port, below the county bridge, and Liberty, near 
 the railroad depot. 
 
 After the incorporation, the town made rapid 
 strides, and soon grew into importance. As new 
 quarries wrre opened in the immediate vicinity, 
 population increased, and the business kept 
 pace. The borough authorities made many im- 
 provements in the condition of the streets, and 
 the town rapidly became a most desirable place 
 of residence. In 1858 the first survey was made 
 by the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company for a 
 branch road up Trout creek to Slatedale, and in 
 1870 the same was opened for carrying slate from 
 the several quarries which it jiasses to the main 
 road. This was folhjwed by the building of the 
 Berks Connty Railroad from Reading to Frank- 
 lin, where it connected with theSlatedale branch. 
 This road is now leased and operated by the 
 Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. 
 
 Slate operators had their difficulties to contend 
 with in introducing their slate, especially when 
 brought in contrast with Welsh and other slate, 
 which it was contended was superior. It is true 
 there was great difference in the quality of slate 
 first (juarried. The hard made the best roofing 
 and the soft made the best school slate. When 
 eacii kind was kept by itself the difficulty was 
 lessened, and is now pretty well understood, if 
 not (ntircly overcome, and a reputation here 
 established for producing the best quality of slate 
 offered in the market. Conseciuently there is a 
 gradual increased demand for these products. It 
 may be stated that instead of importing slate as 
 heretofore, the country is now sending large 
 quantities to foreign markets, and in a few years 
 what is now only an e.xpcriment, will surely 
 grow into a dcnuuul, increasing to double or tre- 
 
 lile the present capacity of the quarries, and in- 
 creasing also the growtli of Slatington propor- 
 tionately. 
 
 SHIPMENT OF SL.\TK. 
 
 The Slatington region includes several ship- 
 ping ])oints, and in the tables given below of the 
 production of the quarries, it has been necessary 
 to consult tlie shipping books f>f the dillerent 
 railroad companies. These tables include the 
 years 1879, 1880 and a i)ortion of 1881, and are 
 as follows. 
 
 IST'J. 
 
 Q^r-:-^-J;:i::-£ 
 
 H 3^ 
 
 3 2.; 
 
 en ^; 
 
 •Sgre.^S- 
 
 ,-" -^ :;.:;■'=! 
 
 n -; 
 
 8-^ 
 
 ►^ y p cj ~.i CO 
 ic io it to |3 3 30 
 
 ;^ 
 
 2 ^ 
 
 Roofing— Squares. 
 
 School— Cases. 
 
 Mantel— Cases. 
 
 Blackboard — Cases. 
 
 Cases. 
 
 Pieces. 
 
 Cars. 
 
 ,_, 1 ^^ 1 Shaved Slate— Cars. 
 
 g| 00, J 1 Sawed Slate— Cars. 
 
 ^ 1 1 Hearths— Cases. 
 M 1 1 Registers— Cars. 
 
 
 i ,;r P ii c 
 
 O O O t.3 l-i 05 
 
 
 to o>^ 
 
 low 
 
 ccto 
 
 Roofing — Squares. 
 
 School — Cases. 
 
 Mantel— Cases. 
 
 Blackboard — Cases. 
 
 Pieces. 
 
 Cars. 
 
 ^1 
 
 to 
 
 I Shaved Slate— Cars. 
 
 I Sawed^latc— C^i^s^ 
 
 I Heartht— Case s. 
 I Pencil Slate— Cars. 
 
156 
 
 RESOURCP^S OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 1881* 
 
 o 
 
 E 
 
 Bests, 
 Lynnport, 
 Tripoli,t 
 Kempton.i 
 Country U 
 
 Slatington 
 "Walnutpor 
 Treichler's 
 Stemsville, 
 
 
 5 
 
 z 
 
 c 
 a. 
 
 '4 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "* T^ 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 ■z 
 
 •t 
 
 
 
 
 
 ei 
 
 ^1 -■ CC CO 
 
 Roofing 
 
 — Squares. 
 
 
 hi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 «> 
 
 
 
 
 J-1 
 
 School— 
 
 -Cases 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 gS£ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mantel- 
 
 -Cases 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 bO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Blackboard— Cases. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 4.8? 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 ^ 
 
 Cases. 
 
 •^ 
 
 .^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pieces. 
 
 
 
 !0 
 <J5 
 
 CJi 
 
 
 
 
 OtO 05 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cars. 
 
 
 
 Oq 
 
 CIO 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 I Sawed Slate— Cars. 
 
 I Pencil Slate— Cars. 
 
 The slate quarries are still in their infancy, 
 •compared with what they must be in years 
 hence. The shipments of slate to foreign ports 
 has attained a large amount, in 1876, reaching 
 80,730 squares ; 1877, 95,570 squares ; in 1878, 61,- 
 610 squares ; in 1879, 45,430; and in 1880, 49,080. 
 The apparent decrease in the exportations, is at- 
 tributable to the greatly increased demand in our 
 own country. 
 
 SLATINGTON OF TO-DAY. 
 
 An extended account has been given in the 
 pages that precede this of the rise and progress of 
 the slate business, that within less than a quarter 
 of a century, has made this point a thriving bor- 
 ough. Slatington of to-day is an attractive town, 
 the greater portion being built some little 
 distance west of the Lehigh river, and upon ele- 
 vated ground. In the immediate vicinity of 
 the depot and all along the creek to the west of 
 town, are numerous quarries. The main street 
 from the railroad has a gradual rise, until one 
 square beyond where it crosses the creek, when 
 it becomes level, and lined on both sides with 
 commodious stores, and neat and substantial 
 dwellings. This thoroughfare is wide, well 
 graded, and having good side walks of brick and 
 slate. Although the town is almost entirely sur- 
 rounded with quarries, it is the equal of any in 
 cleanliness and the sanitary condition, through 
 supe.j"ior drainage and the wisdom of the authori- 
 ties, cannot be excelled. A greater number of 
 the slate operators reside within the borough 
 
 *Up to third Monday in June. 
 
 fThe smaller shipping points make only annual 
 returns, and are not included, therefore, in the table 
 for 1881. 
 
 limits, and have erected on the prominent streets 
 many handsome dwellings. The universal use 
 of slate for roofing purpose give a clean and neat 
 appearance to the buildings, and forming an at- 
 tractive contrast to the brick or frame of which 
 they are constructed. 
 
 CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS. 
 
 The Welsh Calvanistic were the first to errect a 
 house of worship in 1851, a year following the 
 town's settlement. In the same year the Presby- 
 terians organized, and the year following built a 
 church wherein they worshiped until 1875, 
 when it was removed and the present handsome 
 edifice erected in its place. The Bethel Church 
 was erected in 1859. The Lutheran and Re- 
 formed in 1869. The Methodist Episcopal in 
 1869, and the Evangelical in 1870. These build- 
 ings are nearly all architectural adornments 
 and add no little to the general appearance of 
 the borough. 
 
 The public schools have greatly increased their 
 proficiency the past few years, and now occupy 
 handsome buildings, in every respect adapted to 
 the purpose. The borough employs the besfe 
 talent for the education of youth, and have their 
 schools graded into primary, advanced primary, 
 secondary, grammar and high school depart- 
 ments. 
 
 The town is favored with quite a number 
 of charitable and secret organizations, doing 
 much good in various ways to the community. 
 A National bank occupies a prominent building 
 upon the main street, and is officered by trust- 
 worthy gentlemen, who exercise every precaution 
 to protect the interests of those doing business 
 with the institution. 
 
 Slatington contains a number of hotels, the 
 greater part of them being conducted in a very 
 thorough manner, and for the comfort and con- 
 venience of the traveling public. 
 
 The Slatington News, published in the borough, 
 is now the recognized organ of the slate trade, 
 and is conducted to promote the interests of this 
 portion of the population, at the same time 
 becoming an important factor in the promotion 
 of the borough's advancement. It was estab- 
 lished September, 1868, and since that time has 
 passed through the proprietorship of several dif- 
 ferent parties. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 The railroad facilities of the town are excellent, 
 the Lehigh Valley road occupying the same side 
 of the river, while the Lehigh and Susquehanna 
 is located on the opposite side. These two roads 
 have given to Slatington many advantages for 
 the shipment of the product of their quarries, as 
 well as frequent communication with all points 
 in the valley, and other portions of the country. 
 The Berks county railroad extending from the Le- 
 high river to Reading, gives Slatington access to 
 the many towns located in Berks county, and 
 the Scliuylkill valley. These roads enable the 
 
RESOT^RCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 157 
 
 slate operators to ship the productions of the 
 quarries to any point in tliis country, as well as 
 to the docks of the foreign steamships. Since the 
 advent of railroads, the canal has not freighted 
 much slate, but if desired it gives a very desirable 
 sliipping medium. 
 
 Though the slate interests attracts the attention 
 of a greater part of the inhabitants of the town, 
 it does not exclusively, there being other enter- 
 l)rises, among them being a ])laning mill, iron 
 foundry and machine shoi>, tiour mill, carriage 
 works, and numerous mercantile house?^. 
 
 The population of the town is about three 
 thousand, the slate region of which it is the cen- 
 tre representing several thousand in addition. 
 
 LEHIGH WATER GAP. 
 
 The Lehigh river at this point is crossed by a 
 ■covered bridge, and from this there is obtained 
 a grand view of the Lehigh Water Gap, less than 
 two miles distant. This Gap is so named from 
 the river Lehigh, which steals its way through 
 the Kittatinny or Blue Mountains, which is the 
 dividing line between Carbon county and that of 
 Northampton and Lehigh counties. The moun- 
 tain range extends for many miles, both to the 
 riglit and to the left, and presents the first moun- 
 tain view in the valley, the other mountains be- 
 tween this point and Easton, noticed in traveling 
 west, may be considered as only hills in compari- 
 son to the Blue Ridge. The Gap, prominently 
 walled on both sides, forms a sublime object of 
 admiration, and presents to the observant specta- 
 tor one of the most picl uresque prospects in Penn- 
 sylvania. The view from the heights amply re- 
 wards the traveler for his exertion, and though 
 
 secured bj' climbing from rock to rock and up 
 steep declivities. At a distance, an extensive 
 country varia-^atod with mads and farms, water- 
 ed by the Wiindering Lehigli and its tributaries, 
 and ridge retiring behind ridge till lost in the 
 faint tints of the horison, all burst upon the 
 sight, and fill the mind with sublime ideas of the 
 greatness of the Creator. 
 
 WALNUTPORT. 
 
 On the opposite side of the Lehigh is located 
 the village of Walnuti^ort, now a thriving settle- 
 ment. It is connected with Slatington by a 
 covered bridge, and like its neiglibor owes its 
 growth to ,the development of slate quarries in 
 the immediate vicinity. The Lehigh and Susque- 
 hanna Railroad pass through the village, and 
 have at this point a very neat station building. 
 The i)opulation of the place is about two huu- 
 hundred. 
 
 The articles that follows represent the leading 
 slate operators and mercantile houses of Slating- 
 ton, Walnutport and vicinity. The slate quar- 
 ries have all been personally visited by one of 
 the staff, and the facts contained will be found to 
 be accordance with the condition of the quar- 
 ries and the advantage they each possess for the 
 production of first-class material. This region 
 undoubtedly possesses the finest veins of slate to be 
 found in our countrj', and as the operators more 
 fully develop the resources of the respective 
 proiierties, Slatington will grow in wealth and 
 l>opulation. The publishers of this work have 
 no hesitancy in recommending these gentlemen to 
 the consideration of those desirous of purchasing 
 slate in any of its many forms of useful Iness. 
 
 DAVID WILLIAMS, 
 
 Manufacturer of School, Blackboards, Man- 
 tels, Roofing, Flagging Slate, Office, Opposite 
 L. V. R. R. Depot. 
 
 The well known Slatington region is more generally 
 Interested in Slate production than any other commu- 
 nity iu the world, and the fiue.st Slate now in use once 
 rested iu the quarries that here about abound. 
 
 In reviewing these seperate interests, we note Mr 
 David Williams, who has beeu couuected with the pro- 
 •ductiou in this section almost since the very beginning 
 of its importance. He opened his first quarrj-, located 
 along the Lehigh Valley Railroad, in the borough of 
 Slatington, in ISO"), and at once began to develop a su- 
 perior .strata of slate. This quarry property includes a 
 tract of land of fourteen acres, and the slate is practi- 
 <'ally inexhau.stible. lie is also proprietor of a quarry 
 in Nortluimptou county, in which he has ninety-eight 
 acres of land, that he recently purchased for a very 
 large .sum ni cash. By experts, this is claimed to con- 
 tain the finest metal to be found iu the whole Slate 
 Tcgiou, the color being a unifcjrm dark blue and work- 
 ing up iu the most beautiful manner. 
 
 Although Mr. Williams is an extensive quarr>'man of 
 Slate, it forms but a per cent, of his business, he being 
 engaged in manufacturing School, and Roofing Slate, 
 Blackboard, Mantels, Flagging, Floor Tiles, Hearths, 
 Cemetery Slabs, Copings, etc., all from the excellent 
 quality of Slate produced at his own quarries. The 
 
 School Slate factory is a two-story frame building, eighty 
 by forty feet in dimensions, thoroughly equiped with 
 the many improved appliances for rapidly manufactur- 
 ing these useful articles. The building devoted to the 
 manufacture of the other specialties, is in dimensions 
 thirty by forty feet, two-stories in height, and, like the 
 other, thoroughly equiped with machinery. To enter 
 into details of the process of manufacture would prove 
 of the greatest interest, but the space forbids, and the 
 general ground is but partially covered. 
 
 The productions of Mr. Williams' industries reach an- 
 nually 3.000 squares of Roofing Slate.over 1,000,000 School 
 Slate, 2-5,000 feet of Blackboards and Mantels, besides a 
 considerable quantity of Flagging, Floor Tiles, Slabs, 
 etc., and he employs one hundred hands. The trade is 
 not confined to the United States, but reaches the world 
 over, he having recently shipped a large consignment 
 to Australia and Liberia, in Africa. 
 
 Mr. Williams is a native of Wales, and has been a 
 resident of this county lor forty years, the greater part 
 of the time interested in the Slate business. He con- 
 ducts bis extensive enterprise from his office which is 
 located opposite the depot of the Lehigh Valley Itailroad, 
 in Slatington, Thoroughly familiar with the business 
 in which he is engaged, and taking an active part iu all 
 its details, be is prepared to compete with any iu offer- 
 ing substantial advantages to the trade, and is highly 
 esteemed as being prompt, reliable aiid 1 i.eral iu all his 
 operations. Few men in the valley are more widely 
 known or more generally respected. 
 
158 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VAIJ.ICY. 
 
 THE BLUE VEIN SLATE COMrANY, 
 
 MaNUFACTUKERSOK ROOFINCi AND SCH 001, SlATES. 
 
 In the Slatington slate regions there sire at least 
 twenty-five quarries in active operation, and a number 
 of others that are not worked at the present time. The 
 greater part of these are either in tlie borough limits or 
 in tlie immediate proximity, and form, as before stated, 
 the greatest slate centre in tlie ('ountry. One of the 
 largest companies engaged in the business here is 
 known as the Blue Vein Slate Company, who own very 
 extensive quarries and works, about one-eighth of a 
 mile from the town, and immediately ou the Berks 
 County Kailroad. 
 
 The quarries are very nearly triangular in shape, being 
 about three hundred feet across two sides and four 
 hundred feet the other way. Already it has been 
 worked to a depth of .seventy feet from the surface, or 
 about one hundred feet from the top of the waste pile, 
 that so prominently marks these quarries from a dis- 
 tance. It was first opened about t\velve years ago, and 
 until quite recently all the slate quarried was exclu- 
 sively used for rooting. At the present time the Com- 
 pany have this department of their enterprise worked 
 by contractors, who employ a large force of men in 
 bringing the Slate to the surface, where it is delivered 
 to the Company. 
 
 In July, 1879, the Company began the manufacture of 
 School Slates, having erected at the quarries very exten- 
 sive buildings for this purpo,se. The works have an 
 engine of twenty-five horse power, and are equiped 
 with the finest machinery for the purpose that could be 
 secured. Here every part of the frame is made in the 
 most ingenious manner, and with such rapidity that 
 ea(!h takes but a moment of time. The .slate, after being 
 split is sawed into proper sizes, and then smoothed by 
 hand. This operation of itself seems a marvel of per- 
 fection, and from there it is transferred to the manu- 
 factory, where it passes through several processes and 
 is soon a finished school slate. In this department there 
 are employed about seventy-five hands, and the annual 
 production exceeds two millions. While the trade 
 reiiehes all the business centres of the United States, it 
 also extends to foreign countries, and the Company 
 have quite recently filled an order of two thousand 
 cases for a firm in Scotland. They make a specialty of 
 the round Corner Slates, and confine themselves almost 
 exclusively to this kind, which have become very pop- 
 ular wherever introduced. 
 
 The President of the Company is Mr. M. II. Horn, of 
 Catasauqua, the well-known cashier of the National 
 Bank at that place. Mr. W. H. Horn fills the responsible 
 position of Superindendent, while Mr. A. B. Cartwright, 
 (who is with a single exception the oldest engaged in 
 the slate business in this vicinity, having been con- 
 nected with it in various capacities for thirty-one years), 
 is foreman of the School Slate department. 
 
 The gentlemen. forming the Blue Vein Slate Company 
 have done much to advance the general interests of the 
 entire Valley. 
 
 CASKIE & EMACK, 
 
 Roofing and School Si.ate, P. 0. Slatington. 
 
 The scene of activity presented in the operation of the 
 quarries of this firm, is one suggestive of the enterprise 
 displayed all through the slate regions. 
 
 These quarries were first opened in 18-53 by Gable & 
 Bemimger, who worked them until succeeded by the 
 Hcimbaeh Slate Mining Company about fifteen years 
 jigo. They in turn were succeeded in 1876 by the pres- 
 ent proprietors, who have infused a life into the busi- 
 ness w hich is telling in every department of its opera- 
 tion. 
 
 The quality of the slate is the equal of the best in the 
 
 region. The plant of the works consists of numerous 
 and extensive buildings devoted to the various depart- 
 ments of the business, in this respect bears evidence of 
 a large amount of work. The firm occupies twenty- 
 three acres of land about one mile from Slatington, in 
 Northampton county, produce 7,000 squares Roofing 
 Slate, and 10,000 cases of School Slate (averaging here 
 150 to the case) annually ; employ a large number of 
 men and boys and disburse a large amount of money in 
 wages. Their Slate is of the well known Dark Blue, 
 and possesses all the characteristics of the best Slate ia 
 the market. 
 
 They also manufacture their own Slate Frames,whieli 
 are made from cherry, and exercise the greatest care in 
 this specialty of their business. They find a market for 
 all they can produce throughout the United States, and 
 in many points in foreign countries. Their most recent 
 shipment abroad, was a large order to Bombay, India. 
 The firm is a particularly agreeable one with whicli to 
 do business and otters terms the equal of any engaged 
 in the business. 
 
 Samuel Caskie is a native of the North of Ireland, 
 and came to this country at the age of nineteen. He is 
 thoroughly practical in all the details of his work. 
 
 John D. Emack is a native of Prince George county, 
 Maryland, and by profession a civil engineer. His con- 
 nection with the Slate business dates back six years, 
 and his active and earnest participation in his work has 
 made him thoroughly familiar with all its details. They 
 are both gentlemen of sound business qualities. 
 
 THE BLUE MOUNTAIN SLATE QUARRY, 
 
 Kkum & MosEK, Prop'rs, Williamstown, Post 
 Office ADDREi3.s, Slatington. 
 
 Mention the name of Slatington, and visions of quar- 
 ries, mountains of waste, and numerous manufactories, 
 and all that appertains to or is involved in Slate and its 
 products, will rise before the mind. The capital in- 
 volved is exceedingly large, and the annual produc- 
 tions exceed that of any locality in the United States. 
 Among the prominent firms, is that of Messrs. Krum & 
 Moser, who own and work the well-known Blue 
 Mountain Quarry, located at Williamstown, a village 
 situated about three-quarters of a mile from the borough 
 of Slatington. These quarries were opened about 
 thirtj'-five or forty years ago, and have been under the 
 proprietorship of the present firm for many years, who 
 conduct the business with considerable enterprise. 
 The opening is six hundred feet in length and about 
 one hundred in breadth, with a depth of about one hun- 
 dred, from which they are now quarrying a very supe- 
 rior quality of Roofing Slate, of uniform dark blue color, 
 and such as to guarantee the firm in warranting it not 
 to fade. This vein of Slate has been marketed for the 
 l)ast thirty-five years, and has always sustained its rep- 
 utation as a superior article. In the various depart- 
 ments of quarrying, manufacturing Roofing Slate, etc., 
 there are employed about sixty hands, and the annual 
 production reaches 8,000 squares. The demand for the 
 Roofing Slate keeps the firm working the quarry at the 
 full capacity, and yet, the stock on hand does not reach 
 as large an amount as is desired. It has been shipped 
 to all parts of the country, ami has made for the Blue 
 Mountain Quarry a reputation that is not exceeded by 
 any in the region. 
 
 The firm are proprietors of a large general store at 
 Williamstown, which serves as.an important factor in 
 supplying the community with the necessaries of life. 
 Here is the office, but the post office address is at Slat- 
 ington, to which all orders should be directed. 
 
 The individual members of the firm, are Messrs. W. 
 P. Krum, and W. K. Moser, the former a resident of 
 
RESOURCES OP THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 159 
 
 Wiiliainsfown, and the general director of the business, 
 the junior residing at Stemsville. Both of these gentle- 
 iniin thoroughly understand the Slate trade, and oc- 
 cupy a h'ading position among the producers in the 
 Slatington region. 
 
 J. C. MACK, 
 
 Stovks, House FuRNisiriNa Goods, Hardware, 
 Etc., Corner Main and Dowell Streets. 
 
 This gentleman has been connected with this line 
 of trade in Slatingtou since 1SC4 and is recognized as 
 one of the reliable and prompt business man of the 
 place. He is a manufacturer of Tin-ware of all kinds 
 and deals in Stoves, Heaters, Hanges, Hardware, Locks, 
 Nails, Cutlery of both Foreign and Domestic manufac- 
 ture, and House Furnishing goods, and supplies the de- 
 mand of an extended region of country around Slating- 
 ton. 
 
 In 1869 Mr. Mack erected the large building on the 
 corner of Main and Dowell streets, in which he is now 
 located, having a store in dimensions 20 by 70 feet, in 
 which he has stock neatly and carefully arranged for 
 the examination and inspection by customers. A num- 
 ber of assistants and workmen are employed by him 
 and a heavy annual trade conducted. 
 
 He is a native of Northampton county and is highly 
 esteemed as a merchant and a citizen. Possessing am- 
 ple facilities, his store has rapidly built up a large trade, 
 which makes it one of the leading establishments en- 
 gaged in the mercantile trade in the community. 
 
 THE COLUMBIA SLATE QUARRY, 
 
 Dr. a. p. Steckel, Proprietor, Office Upper 
 Main Street. 
 
 It is not for us to determine which quarry produces 
 the finest texture of slate, or which has the greatest sale, 
 but when merit in this direction is decidedly the prop- 
 erty of a particular one, the fact should be noted. In 
 the slate business, one of the most striking features in 
 quarrying the .stone, (or metal), is that two quarries ly- 
 ing immediately adjacent toone another, and procuring 
 their slate from adjoining veins, very rarely briug to 
 the surface the same quality of slate, the one being 
 probably liarder, while the other may be of deeper color, 
 and softer, and particularly adapted to school pur- 
 poses. 
 
 A well-known enterprise in this interest is the Co- 
 lumbia Slate Quarry, located in the western outskirts of 
 the borough, and owned and worked by Dr. A. P. 
 Steckel. This quariy appears to have been located upon 
 one of the best roofing slate veins in the region, and its 
 production is peculiarly adapted forthispurpose. Being 
 of dark blue color, permanent in every respect, and of 
 the rigiit texture, it has won its way to popularity and 
 large sale, and is now one of the most desirable slates 
 marketed from Slatington. 
 
 The quarry was opened in 1868 by the Columbia Slate 
 Company, who continued its management until suc- 
 ceeded by the present individual proprietor. During 
 its early history it was not worked to its full possibil- 
 ities, but sought ratlier to firmly establish its slate in 
 the market. This has been accomplished, and the pro- 
 duction at the present time reaches six thousand 
 squares of roofing slate per aniuim, employing in the 
 various departments as quarrynien, slaters, etc., about 
 forty men. Dr Steckel proposes to increase liis facil- 
 ities, so that the ensuing year will show nearly twice 
 the production. An engine of fifty-horse affords ample 
 power for tlie necessary machinery, and keeping it free 
 ftom water, the latter forming a very important adjunct 
 to successful quarrying. 
 
 The roofiug Slate here manufactured finds its way to 
 all parts of this country and across the ocean to Europe, 
 many large orders having recently been shipped. 
 
 The enterprising proprietor, Dr. A. P. Steckel, has 
 been a resident of Slatington for many year% and is 
 recognized as one of its most honorable citizens. By 
 profession he is a physician, but was compelled to relin- 
 quish the greater part of his practice to attend the ab- 
 sorbing duties incident to an extensive slate business. 
 
 PHAON A. SEMMEL, 
 
 Manufacturer of Carriages of all Kinds, 
 Lower Main Street. 
 
 The borough of Slatingtou is one of the most enter- 
 prising of its size in the Lehigh Valley, and has a name 
 more generally known in foreign countries than the 
 cities of much greater population. This, of course, 
 comos from the extensive slate interests, which does 
 not, however, include all the enterprise that is centered 
 here, as there are a number of other industries, prom- 
 inent among them being the manufacture of carriages. 
 
 The oldest established stand is the one occupied by 
 Mr. Phaon A. Semmel, which was first opened by Sem- 
 mel & Knecht, about fourteen years ago. The works 
 are desirably situated on Lower Main Street, where 
 they occupy a two-story stone building, with basement 
 and necessarj' out buildings. These are equiped with 
 the modern appliances for the manufacture of carriages 
 of all kinds, in the most satisfactory manner, .\bout 
 the works are employed ten hands, all of whom are 
 men of experience in this particular trade. Mr. Sem- 
 mel does not confine himself to any particular style of 
 carriages, but builds to order all kinds, including 
 double-seated Carryall, Buggies, Phsetons, Doctor's Gigs, 
 Back-Board Wagons, and light vehicles for delivery 
 and business purposes. These are all constructed of 
 the best material and put together in a manner reflect- 
 ing credit upon all engaged in their manufacture. That 
 they are all that is claimed for them is attested by the 
 large number that are annually built, and each year 
 the business is growing to more satisfactory proportions. 
 
 Mr. Semmel is a native of Slatington, and an active 
 and industriouscitizeu. His experience in his particular 
 line of business enables him to meet the wants of the 
 public, and his reputation is rapidly securing him a 
 fine class of custom. 
 
 SLATINGTON MILL, 
 
 A. J. Kern, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 
 
 Flour, Feed and Grain. 
 The mill occupied by Mr. A. J. Kern is one of the 
 oldest in the vicinity of Slatingtou, the business being 
 established at this location in 1860, at which time the 
 mill was erected. It is a large stone structure five 
 stories in height, supplied with the latest improved ma- 
 chinery for producing a superior grade of flour, and 
 having three run of stone. The flour here manufac- 
 tured has a standard reputation for whiteness and ex- 
 cellence, and wherever used recommends itself This 
 important fact has increased the trade to the full capa- 
 city of the mill— about seventy-five hundred weight 
 per day, the greater part of which is consumed by the 
 local demand. The mill has in use two turbine water 
 wheels of twenty-four and fifteen inches, which gives 
 an abundant power for all purposes. 
 
 Mr. Kern is a native of Slatington, and for the greater 
 part of his life has been engaged in business withiu its 
 limits. He is a practical miller, thoroughly understand- 
 ing the manufacture of flour in its every detail and 
 gives to his mill an experience that enables him to suc- 
 cessfully compete with others in this particular branch. 
 
160 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALT>EY. 
 
 JOEL NEFF, 
 
 Manufacturer of the Washington Vein Roof- 
 ing Slatk. 
 
 It has been within the past quarter of a century that 
 we have seen the growtli and importance of the slate 
 trade. Within the memory of tlie present generation, 
 its use has become general, and the demand lias not 
 only developed the first discovered sections, but brought 
 to light many more. Its use has now become varied, 
 and it is found iu the substantial roof; iu every school 
 room, as both blaoklM)ards and slates ; adorning the in- 
 terior as mantels, and exteriors as walks and flagging : 
 it even forms the part of luxuries of life, in the shape 
 of billiard tables, foundations, and scores of other uses. 
 As before stated, the bulk of all slates used is derived 
 from the Slatingtou regions, an extent of country lying 
 adjacent to the borough of that name. The slate here 
 quarried is one color, the only diversion being the differ- 
 ent sliades, there being none of the lighter colors here 
 as are found in some portions of the State of Vermont. 
 
 Among the prominent operators of the Slatington 
 region is Mr. Joel Ncff, who now controlls by terms of 
 lease, tlie well-known Washington and American, No. 
 2 quarries, both of them being located immediately upon 
 the outskirts of the borough. The former is one of the 
 oldest now in operation, having been first opened about 
 thirty years ago, while the latter is comparatively of 
 recent date, being first worked about nine years ago. 
 
 These quarries came under the control of Mr. Neff 
 quite recently, and he has been engaged in putting 
 tliem in proper working order, by making many im- 
 provements and otherwise adding to the facilities. 
 When both are in active operation, he will manufacture 
 about ten thousand squares of roofing slate per annum, 
 and employ about eighty hands. This amount of, pro- 
 duction places him among the largest operators iiuthe 
 community, and his quality of slate as equalling the 
 best. He particularly guarantees the roofing slate to be 
 of superior color, and firm iu retaining the shade of 
 dark blue. For a period of thirty years the Washington 
 Vein slate has been upon the market, and its merits in 
 every respect have been thoroughly tested, proving by 
 long use its adaptability for roofing purposes. 
 
 Mr. Xeff is also the proprietor of a general store on 
 Upper Main Street, and controls a very desirable trade. 
 He is an active and enterprising citizen of the borough, 
 and one thai has done much to materially enhance its 
 prosperity. 
 
 T. F. 5CHIFFERT, 
 
 Manufactukkr of Harness, Upper Main 
 
 Street. 
 The oldest house in Slatingtou devoted to the manu- 
 facture and sale of harness, is that of Mr. T. F. Schiftert, 
 which was established a number of years ago. In 1876 
 it came into the possession of the present proprietor, 
 who has by careful attention to the wants of customers 
 ami furnishing only first-class and reliable goods, at low 
 prices, largely increased the trade. He always carries 
 a full and complete stock of all kinds of light and heavy 
 liarncss. which is made by hand under his own imme- 
 diate supervision. None but the best materials are used 
 and the workmanship guaranteed. The stock also em- 
 braces Saddles, Whips, Collars, together with a full line 
 of Trunks, Traveling Bags, horse clothing, such as Covers, 
 NetSj Blankets, Brushes, Combs, Sponges, Boots, and iu 
 short everything re(juisite connected with this special 
 line of trade. Particular attention is paid to the repair- 
 ing of Harness, promptness in this department being a 
 feature of the house. His store has a double front, giv- 
 ing ample facilities for the business. Mr. Schiftert is a 
 practical and competent harness maker, who guarantees 
 to give satisfaction to all. 
 
 WILLIAM H. SEIBERT, 
 
 Miner anu Manufacturer of Roofing and 
 School Slate, Mantels, Bi,ackboakds, Etc., 
 Office Corner Main and Church Streets. 
 
 Prominent among the operators in this region will be 
 found Mr. William H. Seibert, who is engaged iu both 
 mining and manufacturing, and conducts a very exten- 
 sive industry. He is the proprietor of two quarries, 
 Penulyn and Tunnel, the former being the largest and 
 now in more active operation. This has been opened 
 for many years, and was leased by Mr. Seibert some 
 two years ago. He has now reached a very superior 
 vein of slate of rich dark blue color, combining in the 
 various layers slate suitable for any purpose. It has 
 long stood the test of exposure, and is fully warranted 
 to retain its color for all time and through any changes. 
 At this quarry there are employed about forty men and 
 an engine of twenty-five horse power. The Tunnel 
 quarry, owing to some accidents from caving and water, 
 has not been worked to its full capacity, and at present 
 employs about fifteen men. 
 
 The main feature of Mr. Seibert's business is the man- 
 ufacturing department, iu which he manufactures 
 Roofing Slate, School State, Blackboards, Mantels, Flag- 
 ging, Floor Tiles, Hearths, etc. He occupies the well- 
 known mantel factory of the old Lehigh Slate Com- 
 pany, one of the first established in the vicinity. This 
 building is equiped with every mechanical appliance 
 for the production of his specialties, and the articles 
 here manufactured have a standard reputation through- 
 out the country. The factory is supplied with both 
 steam and water power, the former being an engine of 
 twenty horse, and employing about ten hands. 
 
 Mr. Seibert is also the proprietor of a large general 
 store, iu which he carries a stock of goods of very ex- 
 tended variety. It is situated at the corner of upper 
 Main and Church streets, and is also the location of the 
 office of the works. 
 
 Mr; Seibert was born in Lehigh county, and has 
 been a resident of Slatington for about fifteen years. — 
 He is a thorough-going, business man, attends closely 
 to his avocation, and has won the respect of the com" 
 munity by his deportment and reliable business transac- 
 tions. 
 
 EDWARD McCONOCHIE, 
 
 Foundry and Machine Shop, Lower Slating- 
 ton. 
 While the importance of Slatington centres around 
 the Slate trade, it is nevertheless the location of a num- 
 ber of other industries, prominent among these oeing the 
 Foundry and Machine Shops of Mr. McConochie located 
 on Lower Main street, Mr. McConochie has been 
 established in this business since 1877, during which 
 period he has been operating it to his own advantage 
 and that of a large number of patrons with whom his 
 work is in continual request. His trade has so mucli 
 increased that he has in contemplation the erection of 
 large works, in which he will place, in addition to the 
 machinery in the present one. all the modern appli- 
 ances for his particular specialties. The works now 
 occupied are well equiped and he is fully prepared to 
 do any and all kinds of Foundry and Machine work, 
 including the manufacture of castings of various kinds. 
 He makes a specialty of quarry and slate tools, and has 
 machinery peculiarly, adaped for producing work of 
 this nature. The works have an engine of twelve 
 horse power, and sufficient water power during the 
 greater part of the year. 
 
 A practical, skillful mechanic and machinist, thor- 
 oughly trained in all the branches of his vocation, he is 
 prepared to do all kinds of work pertaiuing to his trade 
 promptly, and at the most reasonable rates. With 
 
RESOrRCES OF THE LEHIOH VALLEY. 
 
 Ill 
 
 ready menus at his disposal, he pays cash for all his 
 material, employs six to ten hands.and is himself an in- 
 ■dustrious, assidons workman, wlio gives personal at- 
 tention toevery hriuiehof tllel>u^iness, Mr. McConoehie 
 is a native of Scotland, and has been a resident of Slat- 
 ington for twelve years. 
 
 M. M. RICK, 
 
 MERcifANT Tailoring and Ready-made Cloth- 
 i.N(;, Upi'f.r Main Street. 
 
 Among 8latington's retail establishments the store 
 ■occupied by Mr. M. M. Rice occupies a po.sitiou second 
 to no other hou.se in this line in the town. Established 
 in 1867, it has rapidly won its way to favor and patron- 
 age until it is now one of the most conspicious as well 
 as one of the most widely-known in the clothing line. 
 Occui)ying;i building of twenty feet front with a depth 
 ■of sixty, it possesses every advantage for a fine display 
 of good.s. as well as the carrying of an unusually large 
 stock. The ready-made clothing department is furn- 
 ished with an extensive variety of Men's, Youths' and 
 Boys' wear, together with a Hue assortment of Gentle- 
 men's Furnishing (ioods. 
 
 A specialty is madeof the Merchant Tailoring depart- 
 ment, in wliicli will be found a full line of business and 
 dre.ss suitings, which are made up into single garments 
 or full suits in the most fashionable manner, and guar- 
 anteed to fit. The trade is so large that it requires seven 
 to ten experienced hands to manufacture clothing for 
 its patrons. The store occupies one of the most desir- 
 able situations in the town, in the centre of business 
 and next to the po»toftice. 
 
 Mr. Rice has been a resident of Slatington for many 
 years, and is very justly esteemed as one of the most ac. 
 tive and enterprising citizens. He is thoroughly con- 
 versant with every department, and knows exactly, by 
 long experience, the requirements of the public, and the 
 •wants of the trade generally. 
 
 BENJAMIN KERN, 
 
 General Merchandise, Lower Main Street. 
 
 Among the retail establishments that exercise an in- 
 fluence upon the trade of Slatington is that of Mr. B. 
 Kern, dealer in Dry Goods and Groceries, located on 
 Lower Main street. The store here occupied is in di. 
 mensions 19x30 feet, and is well stocked with his spe- 
 cialty of goods. In Dry Goods will be found a full line 
 of staple and fancy articles, both foreign and domestic. 
 Muslins, Flannel, Calicoes, Ginghams, Linens, etc., while 
 the department devoted to the sale of notions is un- 
 ustially well .stocked with these goods, and embraces 
 the numerous articles that are classed under this head. 
 Particular attention is given to the Grocery department, 
 which contains a full variety of staple and fancy 
 goods, such as Teas, CoH'ees, Spices, Sugars, Canned 
 <ioods and condiments of all kinds. 
 
 Mr. Kern established the present store among the first 
 in the town, and probably has been engaged in the 
 mercantile business longer than any other resident of 
 Slatington. He was for many years engaged in the slate 
 trade, and at the present lime owns four quarries, of 
 which only one is being worked. 
 
 MORRIS M. HUFF, 
 
 Harness, 203 Lower Main Street. 
 Among the business enterprises recently started in 
 Slatington, that of Mr. Morris M. Hurt' is well worthy of 
 patronage. He opened his store during the present year, 
 and rapidly secured for liimselfa very desirable patron- 
 age among the best class of citizens. His store is well 
 stocked with a fine line of Harness, including those for 
 single or double u>e. and manufactiued of the best ma- 
 terial by thoroughly c.Kpericiiccd workmen. He has 
 11 
 
 these mounted in either gold, silver or nickel, as well 
 as the popular and serviceable rubber mountings, and 
 at prices that defy competition. He keeps a variety of 
 Saddles, Bridles, Collars, W'liips, Blankets, and other 
 paraphernalia belonging to horses, and is at all times 
 ready to manufacture Harness of all kinds to order. . 
 Among his specialties on .sale, will be found the cele- 
 brated Vacuiu Oil Blacking. A department to which he 
 gives his special attention is that of repairing, and 
 guarantees all work attemjited to bj strictly lirst-class. 
 lie is a native of Slatington, and one of its youngest 
 business men. 
 
 FRANKLIN QUARRY, 
 
 Kuntz & Jacobs, Proprietor.*, Office, Corner 
 Main Street, near the Bridge. 
 
 Slate, geologically speaking, is a metamorphic rock of 
 clay formation. It is the only rock that w ill split evenly 
 and certainly into slabs. A skillful workman can 
 clevc it as readily as he would cut a basswood butt into 
 shingles. The various modes of preparing slate for 
 market are interesting. JIasses of slate are removed 
 from the quarry in sizes to suit requirements. These 
 are split into slabs, which are again divided with a 
 chisel-like tool into plates of desired thickness, which 
 are governed by the purposes for which it is intended, 
 Roofing slates are simply squared by means of a cutter 
 in a strong frame into assorted sizes. School Slates are 
 shaved and beveled with a draw-knife. Large slabs 
 are ground to a perfect surface upon a rubbing bed, 
 revolving swiftly and covered with sand and water, 
 while mantel slate is planed like iron slabs, by steam- 
 and in tlie powerful machinery cuts apparantly very 
 easily, like soapstone. 
 
 In insi)ecting the various quarries in the Slatington 
 region, attention was particularly called to the well- 
 known Franklin Quarry, one of the oldest in the vicin- 
 ity. It is situated nearly two miles from the town, and 
 was first opened about thirty-five years ago by the 
 Lehigh Slate Company, the pioneers in this region.^ 
 The firm of Kuntz & Jacobs, the present proprietors, suc- 
 ceeded to the business in IhSO, and have since worked 
 it to full capacity. They are now producing about one 
 thousand squares per month, and in the various de- 
 partments of their works employ eighty hands. The 
 firm liave recently added the manufacture of School 
 Slate, Mantels and Blackbords, and are securing a very 
 proportionate share of the trade. The many years that 
 the Franklin quarry has been worked has made for its 
 Slate a standard reputation and the present sales well 
 substantiate the claims of the proprietors in this direc- 
 tion. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are Messrs. Hen- 
 ry Kuntz and .•Mexander Jacobs, both residents of Slat- 
 ington. The former gentleman is al.so engaged in the 
 store business, located at the corner of Main and Dow- 
 ell streets. 
 
 JAMES WALP. 
 
 Stoves and Tinware, Lowkk Main Street. 
 
 Mr. James Walp has been en.gaged in his .special line 
 of business on Lower :Maiu street in Slatington since 
 1878. He is a manufacturer of Tinware of all kinds, 
 and deals in Stoves, Heaters. Ranges, Hardware and 
 Cutlery of all kinds. The store and manufactory is 
 located t)n Lower Main street, in a store having a double 
 front with a depth of 70 feet in which he has well ar- 
 ranged and carefully selected stock. Several a.ssistants 
 are employed and a good trade conducted. 
 
 He is a native of Carbon county, and since his resi- 
 dence here has made his store one of the leading resorts 
 of the town. 
 
162 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 CHARLES W. HORN, 
 
 Drugs, Books, and Stationery, Upper Main 
 Street. 
 
 This is one of the most important establishments in 
 Slatiugton, and one possessing a large trade. The store 
 .was established in 1870 by the present proprietor, and 
 is now a handsomely fitted up establishment, possess- 
 ing all the requirements for transacting this special 
 business. The stock includes Drugs, Chemicals, Patent 
 Medicines, Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Perfumery, Toilet 
 and Fancy Goods, Surgical Instruments, a fine assort- 
 ment of Books and Stationery, Wall Paper and Window 
 Shades, together with a great variety of other articles. 
 Its prescription department has been known far and 
 near for many years as the place where the prominent 
 physicians of this section have had their prescriptions 
 compounded. Everything incidental to a first-class 
 Drug Store will here be found, and of the purest and 
 best. 
 
 The Book and Stationary department contains a full 
 and complete variety of standard works, including 
 School Books and other supplies. Mr. Horn displays 
 many very beautiful designs of Wall Paper in that por- 
 tion of the store devoted to these goods. The establish- 
 ment is so admirably arranged in all its departments, 
 that transactingbusiness with it is a matter of pleasure, 
 and together with the very excellent stock, combines 
 to make it the popular resortof the citizens of the town. 
 
 Mr. Horn is a native of Lehighton, and for many 
 years has been connected with the business interests of 
 Slatington. 
 
 GROSS, FRITZINGER & CO., 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Hardware, Cutlery, 
 Paints, Etc.,Cornek Main and Church Stp.eets. 
 One of the neatest establishment in Slatiugton is that 
 of Gross, Fritzinger -& Co. This store was opened in the 
 spring of 1881, and now contains an assortment of goods 
 that cannot be equalled by any other house in the town. 
 In the department devoted to the sale of carriage and 
 coach makers' material known to the trade as general 
 shelf goods, everything required by builders, carpenters 
 and mechanics is embraced. They also carry a heavy, 
 full and complete line of cutlery of all kinds, making 
 this department of the business a specialty, and sup- 
 plying the trade with the finest productions of the best 
 manufacturers. In the department devoted to iron, 
 every variety and kind of merchant bar iron for 
 carriage and coach makers, blacksmiths and for other 
 purposes, is always in store. The firm make a specialty 
 of Paints, Oils, Glass and Painters' supplies, and have 
 placed in their store a very full and complete stock of 
 these goods. To this part of their business they invite 
 special attention, and their assortment is the most desir- 
 able to be found in the town. The firm has included in 
 their business. Undertakers' supplies, and keep on hand 
 all the essentials in these goods. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are Peter Gross 
 and William A. Fritzinger, of Slatington, and Henry D. 
 Gross, of Scheneksville. They are all active and enter- 
 prising gentlemen, and have given to Slatington a very 
 desirable establishment for their specialties of goods. 
 
 MORGAN & CASKIE, 
 
 Dry Goods and Groceries, Upper Main Street, 
 
 The store occupied by the firm of Morgan c*i Caskic,. 
 dealers in General Merchandise, on Upper Main street,, 
 was established in 1870, by the head of the present firm, 
 Mr. Caskie becoming interested in 1S78. They occui>y 
 a medium sized store, well filled with goods, and already 
 command a very desirable trade, which has been se- 
 cured by close application, and by studying the wants 
 of those who bestow their patronage iiyton them. Their 
 stock has been selected with great care, and embraces 
 the general variety common to a store of the kind. In 
 Dry Goods they give particular attention to keeping in 
 stock fresh goods, and purchase frequently in such 
 quantities as to permit of continual changes. Pains- 
 taking in their eflbrts to please, they are deserving the- 
 patronage they receive. 
 
 The firm is composed of Mes.srs. John Morgan and 
 Samuel Caskie, both active and enterprising gentlemen. 
 
 WALNUTPORT ENGINE AND MACHINE WORKS, 
 W. B. Grosh, Proprietor. 
 
 This industry is a new one for tlie village of Walnut- 
 port, it having been established during the spring of the 
 present year. It will doubtless fill a long felt want of this, 
 section for the location of just such an enterprise. The 
 many quarries and factories located in the vicinity 
 makes it of the greatest importance that a finst-class' 
 engine builder and machinist should be located in 
 their midst, and the establishment of the Walnutport 
 Engine and Machine Works already gives assurance of 
 the greatest success. Mr. Grosh, the proprietor, has 
 located his works in the village of Walnutport, close to 
 the track of the I-ehigh and Susquehanna railroad,w)iere 
 he erected a frame building, thirty by sixty feet in 
 diraen.'^ions, with an adjoining boiler house. This he 
 has equiped with the best machinery for his purpose^ 
 all of it being new and the most approved pattern. An 
 engine of six horse power is in use, and seven hands 
 are employed. 
 
 Mr. Grosh is engaged in manufacturing upright steam 
 engine, mill and quarry machinery, and does repairing 
 of all kinds. He is a practical machinist and devotes 
 his whole time to the industry. 
 
 G. & W. BRENNINGER, 
 
 General Store, Near the Bridge, Walnutport. 
 
 The leading merchants of Walnutport are G. & W. 
 Breuninger near the Bridge, who occupy a well arrang- 
 ed and neatly fitted up store in which they display a 
 full line of Dry Goods and Notions, Boots and Shoes, 
 Groceries, etc. The proprietors infuse energy into the 
 business, and have by sound judgement and an ardent 
 desire to please all greatly increased the annual trade. 
 In stock may always be found choice Groceries, Canned 
 Goods, and all the new and desirable Diy Goods, etc.— 
 They fully understand the wants of their patrons, and 
 keep in stock a classof goods which are carefully select- 
 ed and bought from first hands. 
 
 The Brenninger's are reliable and conscientious mer* 
 chants who have won the esteem and regards of a 
 large classof our citizens. 
 
PSRRYYILLE. 
 
 THE FIRST BOROUGH ABOVE THE LEHIGH WATER GAP ATTRACTIVji-L-: SIT- 
 UATED, AND THE LOCATION OP A WELL-KNOWN IRON 
 MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
 
 This enterprising little borough is situated on 
 the eastern bank of the Lehigh river, near its 
 jutictiuu with Big creek and siK miles east of 
 Maueli Cimnk. It is the first town above the 
 Water Gap, and is surrounded on nearly all sides 
 with mountains. The scenery, looking either up 
 or down tiie Lehigh from this point, offers as fine 
 viows as can be found in the valley, and makes it 
 an attractive place of resort for many visitors. 
 The passage from the Gap to Parryville, a distance 
 of five miles, is through a succession of scenes 
 that have added much to the reputation of the 
 Lehigh valley as one of the finest sections of the 
 State. 
 
 Between these two points the railroad crosses 
 what was formerly known as Lizard creek, uj^on 
 wliich in tlie early days of the valley, was located 
 the Indian missionary village of Wechquetank. 
 This place was severely threatened by the In- 
 dians, and when the Pontiac's war broke out 
 on the frontier, in 17G3, there was much fear that 
 all living here would be massacred. Loskiel thus 
 describes the state of feeling at that time in the 
 region : "The whites had killed an Indian, 
 Zachary, and his wife and child, of tlie Wech- 
 <iuetank settlement, who were found sleeping in 
 u barn away from home. After this event the 
 soldiers became still more suspicious of the In- 
 <liaiis at Wechquetank, naturally supposing that 
 Zachary's four brothers living there would en- 
 <lt^avor to avenge his death, and that all the in- 
 habitants wixild take their part. They therefore 
 prohibited tlie Indians to hunt, threatening to 
 kill the first they should meet in the forest, 
 however. Captain Wetherhold was at last per- 
 suaded to desist,from this massacre by Brother Ga- 
 ble, the missionary. Themo.^t difficult task that 
 he had was to i)acify a i>arty of lrif<li freebooters, 
 who in >rreat rai^e deohued that no Indian should 
 
 dare to show themselves in the woods, or they 
 would be shot dead immediately; and that if only 
 one more white man should be murdered in this 
 neighborhood, the whole Irish settlement would 
 rise in arms, and kill all the inhabitants of Wech- 
 quetank without waiting for an order from the 
 government, or a warrant from the Justice of the 
 Peace. The same threatening message was sent 
 to Nain (a missionary villai^e near Bethlehem.) 
 The congregation was finally obliged to leave 
 Wechquetank and fiee to Nazareth, and soon af- 
 ter to Philadelphia. Wechquetank was after- 
 wards burned by the whites, about the month 
 or November, 1763." 
 
 The settlement at the mouth of Big creek, in 
 1834 was named Parryville, after a gentleman 
 named Parry, a member of a lumber company, 
 known as the Pine Forest Company, and who 
 owned considerable land and several saw mills in 
 the vicinity. Outside of those employed by the 
 enterprise there were few who resided here until 
 the furnace was erected in 1855, by Messrs. Bow- 
 man Brothers & Co., and named it the Poco 
 Poco Iron Works. In 1858 the company was in- 
 corporated as the Carbon Iron Company, with a 
 capital of $100,000. The location of these works 
 attracted to the town many persons, and it be- 
 came a place of some importance. 
 
 In 1874 the Carbon county court was petitioned 
 to incorporate the village into a borough, which 
 was granted, and the first election for borough 
 ofiicers was held in February, 1875. The present 
 Burgess of the town is Mr. H. B. Cooper, the 
 superintendent of the iron works. . 
 
 The Lehigh and Susquehanna Division of the 
 New Jersey Central Railroad give the town direct 
 comuumication with the outside world, and a 
 bridge over the Lehigh river give access to the 
 Lehigh Valley Road. The canal of the Lehigh 
 
164 
 
 RESOURCES OP THE LEHTOH VAT.LEY. 
 
 ('i>al ;m;l Navigation Company occnpy the river 
 on the Parryville side. The town contains, be- 
 sides the iron works, extensively noticed else- 
 where, three mercantile stores, Methodist, Epis- 
 
 copal, and ICvaiigclical churche'', and a tliorongTi 
 public sciiool. The place is healthfully situated,, 
 and contains about seven hundred population. 
 
 CARBON IRON AND PIPE COMPANY, (Limited). 
 Pauryvii.i.e. 
 
 In another part of this work there has been placed 
 hef'off the reader a number of tables showing the iron 
 production of the great Commonwealth of Peunsyl- 
 vaina. It is the intention to show, by separate articles, 
 tlie extent to which this industry has grown, and the 
 bearing it has upon the general business of this locality. 
 Rach iron industry, in its town, according to locality, 
 has been treated, and the next in order is the well- 
 known Parryville works, owned and controlled by the 
 Carbon Iron and Pipe Company, (limited). These 
 works are situated in the borough of Parryville, on the 
 L. & S. Division of the New Jersey Central Railroad, 
 from which they have numerous sidings and tracks, 
 that give them ample facilities for the shipment of their 
 productions, and the receipt of coal and other neces- 
 sary adjuncts of the manufacture of iron and pipe. 
 
 The works occupy very substantial buildings and are 
 equiped with the latest improved machinery and ap- 
 pliances for the business, and have an output of about 
 30,000 tons of pig iron per annum, in addition to the 
 large amount of manufactured iron pipe. 
 
 The works have three stacks, employ one hundred 
 and thirty hands.and their production takes a high rank 
 in the market, the product being a very fine foundry 
 iron. 
 
 The works were first started in 1855, by Bowman 
 Brothers, who continued the management for two years, 
 and then formed the Carbon Iron Company. This organ- 
 ization continued througli the various stages of the iron 
 trade until 1879, when the Carbon Iron and Pipe Com- 
 pany, (limited), was incorporated, and they have since 
 that time made many improvements in the general con- 
 dition of the plant. » 
 
 The officers of the Company are ; Chairman, Andrew 
 A. Douglas, of Maueh Chunk; Secretary and Treasurer, 
 George Ruddel, of Mauch Chunk ; and Superintendent, 
 H. B. Cooper, of Parryville. The two former gentlemen 
 are well known throughout the entire Valley as enter- 
 prising and r-'f^'^tical men. The Superintendent is a 
 
 younggentleniaii, thoroughly understanding the details- 
 of iron production. 
 
 In connection with Die furnace the manufacture of 
 Iron Pipe for ga> and water purposes is extensively car- 
 ried on, but by a <'om)]any di.stinct and separate from 
 the other department, and under the management of 
 Mr. H. H. Fisher, of Alleniown. The product is an ex- 
 cellent quality and finish of pipe, principally of smaller 
 sizes, running from two tu four inches in diameter.. 
 This department is run to its fullest capacity. 
 
 JACOB PETERS, 
 
 General Store, Main Street. 
 
 The borough of Parryville coiuains a thrifty class of 
 citizens, who have done much to make tlieir town an 
 attractive point for the location of those desirious of a 
 home with healthful and pleasant surroundings. It is 
 well supplied with the necessaries of life by two general 
 stores, the leading one being that of Mr. Jacob Peters, 
 situated on Main street, nearly opposite the office of the 
 iron works. The store is of ample dimensions, having 
 a front of twenty feet, with a depth of about sixty feet, 
 and is stocked with an exceptionally fine assortment of 
 goods of a general nature common to a well equiped 
 store of a town of this size. It is divided into several 
 departments, including those for Dry Goods, Groceries,. 
 Boots and Shoes, etc., each supplied with a full and 
 complete stock, and displayed in such a manner as to- 
 at once attract the general purchaser. That devoted to 
 Dry Goods, contains an extended variety of Dress Pat- 
 terns of foreign and domestic manufacture, Muslins,. 
 Flannels, Cloths and Cassimeres for men's and boys' 
 wear. Notions and Fancy Goods. In Boots and Shoes, 
 there is an assortment sufficient to meet the demands 
 of the entire community. A well-stocked Grocery de- 
 partment makes this establishment a most desirable onfr 
 to select goods from, and completes the store, which is- 
 one of the best of the kind in the Valley. 
 
 Mr. Peters is an active and enteri)rising gentleman,, 
 and as the proprietor of the oldest store iu the town, has 
 made hosts of friends. 
 
LEHIGHTON AND WEISSPORT. 
 
 TWO A TTP VOTIVE BOROUGHS, LOCATED ON OPPOSITE BANKS OF Tl^V T.Tr.HIGH. 
 
 TiiE EOKMER A PLACE OP CONSIDERABLE BUS-INESS AND RAILROAD 
 
 ACTIVITY, AND A RAPIDLY GROWING TOWN. 
 
 The early history of these two towns are so 
 interwoven that we have determined to give 
 them phice in this work together. No point in 
 the valley has more interest attached to it than 
 the territory upon which stands the boroughs of 
 Lehighton aiid Weissport. Thej^ are located upon 
 opposite sides of the Lehigh river, which is here 
 a small stream, except during the times of the 
 freshests, when the great portion of its force 
 seems to exert itself particularly at this location. 
 P"'rom "Henry's History of the Lehigh Valley" 
 we have made the following extraf:ts of the early 
 settlement at this point, and owing to its interest 
 have given it at some length : 
 
 The first settlement in Carbon county was 
 made by the Moravian missionaries, on the Ma- 
 honing creek, near Lehighton, in 1746. The Mo- 
 hegan Indians, having been driven out of She- 
 konieko, in the State of Connecticut, and from 
 Patohgatgooh, in New York, near the borders of 
 the latter State, found an asylum for a short time 
 at Friedenshutten, near Bethlehem. 
 
 Deeming it inconvenient to maintain a large 
 Indian congregation so near Bethlehem, the mis- 
 sionaries purchased two hundred acres on the 
 north sidf of Mahoning creek, about half a mile 
 above its junction with the Lehigh. Each Indian 
 family possessed its own lot of ground, and be- 
 gan its seperate housekeeping. Gnadenluitten 
 became a very regular and plea.'jant town. The 
 church stood in the valley, on one side the In- 
 dian houses, forming a cresent upon a rising 
 ground. The road to "Wyoming and other In- 
 dian towns lay through the settlement." This 
 was the famuos patli over Nescopcck Mountain, 
 still known as the warrior's path. The mission- 
 aries tilled their own grounds, and every Indian 
 family tlieir plantation ; and on the LSth of Au- 
 gust, 174G, they had the satisfaction to partake of 
 
 the first fruits of the land at a love feast. Chris- 
 tian Ranch and Martin Mack were the first mis- 
 sionaries who resided here. They were succeed- 
 ed by other missionaries, who were occasionally 
 removed, the Brethern being of the opinion that 
 frequent changes of the ministers of the congre- 
 gation might be useful in preventing too strong 
 an attachment to, and dependence upon men, 
 and fixing the hope of tlie Indian more upon 
 God alone. Several parts of Scripture had been 
 translated into the Mohegan language. The con- 
 gregation used morning and evening to sing and 
 pray, and sometimes to hear a discourse upon the 
 text of Scripture appointed for the day. 
 
 The holy communion was administered to the 
 communicants every month. The Indians called 
 the communion day the "great day," and such 
 indeed it was, for the missionaries could never 
 find words to extol the power and grace of God, 
 revealed on these occasions. In September, 1749, 
 Bishop Johannas von Watteville went to Gna- 
 denhutten and laid the foundation of a new 
 church, that built in 1746 being too small, and 
 the missionaries obliged to preach out of doors. 
 The Indian congregation alone consisted of five 
 hundred persons. Aboi^t this time Rev. David 
 Brainerd, with several of his Indian converts, 
 visited Gnadenhutten. The congregation con- 
 tinued in this pleasing and regular state until 
 the year 1754. 
 
 When the Delawares and Shawanees on the 
 Susquehanna began to waver in their allegiance 
 to the English, and were preparing to take up 
 the hatchet on the side of the French, it became 
 an object of some importance to them to with- 
 draw their Indian bretliern in the missionary 
 settlements beyond the reach of the whites, that 
 the hostile savages might more freely descend 
 upon the white settlements. The Christian Indians 
 
166 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 for some time resolutely refused to move to Wy- 
 oming. At length, however, a part were se- 
 duced by tlie influence of Teedyascung (his bap- 
 tismel name was Gidean.) Tlie Mohegans who 
 remained were joined by the Christian Delawares, 
 from Menialagemeka. 
 
 Tlie land on the Mahoning being impover- 
 ished, and other circumstances requiring a 
 change, the inhabitants of Gnadenhutten remov- 
 ed to the north .side of the Lehigh. The dwell- 
 ings were removed, and a new chapel was built 
 in 1754. The place was called New Gnadenhut- 
 ten (it stood where Weissport now is.) The 
 dwellings were so placed that the Mohegans 
 lived on one side, and the Delawares on the other 
 side of the street. The Brethern at Bethlehem 
 took the culture of the old land onthe Mahon- 
 ing upon themselves, made a plantation of it for 
 use of the Indian congregation, and converted 
 the old chapel into a dwelling, both for the use of 
 those brethern and sisters who had the care of 
 the plantations, and for missionari es passing on 
 their way to the heathen. 
 
 The Indians in the French interest were 
 much intensed that any of the Moravian Indians 
 chose to remain at Gnadenhutten, and deter- 
 mined to cut otf the settlement. After Braddock's 
 defeat, in 1755, the whole frontier was open to 
 the inroads of the savage foe. Every day dis- 
 closed new scenes of barbarity committed by the 
 Indians. The whole country was in terror ; the 
 neighbors of the Brethern of Gnadenhutten for- 
 sook their dwellings and fled ; but the Brethern 
 made a covenant together to remain undaunted 
 in 'the place allotted to them by Providence. 
 However, no caution was omitted, and because 
 the white peo})le considered every Indian as an 
 enemy, the Indian Brethern were advised as 
 much as possible to keep out of their way, to buy 
 no jjowder or shot, but to strive to maintain 
 themselves without hunting, which they willing- 
 ly complied witli. But God had otherwise ordain- 
 ed ! On a sudden the mission house at Mahon- 
 ing was, late in the evening on the 24th of 
 November, attacked by the French Indians, 
 burnt, and eleven of the inhabitants murdered. 
 
 The murder at Gnadenhutten tilled the whole 
 valley with horror, and the people in all portions 
 were thoroughly alarnied. This melancholly 
 event proved tlie deliverance of the Indian con- 
 gregation at New Gnadenhutten, (Weissport,) for 
 upon hearing the report of the guns, seeing the 
 flames and soon learning the cause, they all 
 fled into the woods, and the settlement was 
 cleared in a few moments. Troops were soon af- 
 ter stationed at the forsaken village, and erected 
 a temporary stockade. The serious complication 
 of affairs led the Governor to send Benjamin 
 Franklin to superintend the erection of forts in 
 the neighborhood, one of which was erected 
 where Weissport now is. In his command there 
 
 were five hundred and sixty, his son being his 
 ade-de-camp. 
 
 After burying the dead Franklin found lying 
 partially under the ground, he commenced work 
 on the fort, and soon after finished the affair 
 and mounted upon it tlie one swivel gun they 
 had with them. The building of the fort must 
 have had the desired efiect, as but little is heard 
 in history of trouble from the Indians at this 
 point afterward. This section was only a small 
 portion of the territory placed under the protec- 
 tion of Franklin, and designated as the north- 
 western frontier. 
 
 For many years the present boroughs of 
 Weissport and Lehighton were respectively 
 known as Gnadenhutten and New Gnadenhut- 
 ten and the great interest that centers around 
 their early history was while the communities 
 possessed these names. The first in order in the 
 review of the resources of the Lehigh Valley, 
 comes the borough of 
 
 WEISSPOET. 
 
 As already stated it is on the left or eastern 
 bank of the Lehigh, directly opposite the borough 
 of Lehighton, and occupies a broad flat of land. 
 It was upon this ground that Franklin built his 
 log fort, the site of which is now occupied by the 
 ''P^ort Allen Hotel," and the well constructed by 
 him is still in a good state of preservation. The 
 citizens of the present time refer with much 
 pride to the well dug at that time by Franklin, 
 that is yet doing service in supplying the inhabi- 
 tants of the above hotel with water. This is with- 
 out doubt the oldest well in the valley, and has 
 continued to dispense the object of its digging for 
 a period of one hundred and twenty-five years. 
 
 Shortly after the Revolutiona'y War, Colonel 
 Weiss, who was a native of Philadelphia, and 
 during the whole revolution was in the service 
 of his country, purchased seven hundred acres of 
 land from the Moravians. This was the present 
 site of WeLssport, and then known as New Gna- 
 denhutten. In 1785 lie removed his family to 
 this place, and continued to reside here until 
 his death, which occuredin 1839. He was known 
 as an active, enterprising citizen, and Iiis name 
 is found associated with all the early efforts to im- 
 prove this region of the country. In 1817 he 
 laid out a town plot, and gave it the name of 
 Weissport. The peculiar location of the town, 
 upon a flat plot of land, did not inspire the 
 rapid building of the place, it being subject in 
 its early history to severe floods. Being situated 
 immediately on the banks of the Lehigh, and 
 Bomewhat lower than the land upon the op- 
 posite bank, and that back of it upon the 
 present canal being also considerable more 
 elevated, it appeared to suffer the severest effects 
 from these inundations, The first occured in 
 1786, and was known as "Tippey's Flood," when 
 the family of Mr. ^Veiss and several others barely 
 escaped with their lives, so sudden was the ris- 
 
RESOURCES OF THE I.EIIIGII VALLEY. 
 
 167 
 
 ing of the water. In 1841 it was asain visited, 
 and tlie bridge over tiie Lehigh was partly swept 
 away. 
 
 The severest flood occured in 1862, when a 
 number of buildings were sweptaway, and many 
 of the residents thereafter refused to return, but 
 purchased property in the town of Lehighton. 
 This fear has now given phice to security, as it 
 is believed there is no danger of a repetition of 
 these occurrences. 
 
 Previous to the last flood, the settlement con- 
 tained about five hundred inhabitants, and had 
 three churches, a boarding school, and several 
 mercantile stores. There were also located here 
 a large planing mill, carriage works, etc., and 
 the boat building industry engaged a number of 
 hands and considerable capital. But a greater 
 part of its business was either partially or entirely 
 destroyed by the flood, and were never re-estab- 
 lished. 
 
 Notwithstanding this drawback, however, the 
 town some few years later regained its popula- 
 tion, and in 1867 made application to the Carbon 
 county court for incorporation as a borough. 
 This was granted the citizens, and they at onoe 
 began a system of improvement that has con- 
 tinued down to the present time. 
 
 The borough of \Veissi)ort of to-day, is a very 
 well laid-out town, and contains many hand- 
 some and substantial buildings. The streets are 
 wide, though not paved, are kept in most credi- 
 table condition, and the walks have abundance 
 of shade. In laying out the town, the founder, 
 Colonel Weiss, evidently was possessed with 
 the common idea that now seems to have been 
 universal with the originators of nearly all Penn- 
 sylvania towns, in apportioning otfthe centre as 
 & public square. In this respect, Weissport has 
 been served more liberal than a greater part of 
 them, by having an unusually large square. 
 This makes an exceedingly attractive portion of 
 the town, and upon the four streets that surround 
 the plot, are located the residences of its most 
 influential citizens. 
 
 The location of several imhistries within the 
 town and across the canal in Franklin township, 
 has added many to its population. The most 
 important of these enterprises is that of the Le- 
 high Valley Emery Wheel Company, whose pro- 
 ducts reach nearly every portion of our country. 
 The canal of the Lehigii Coal and Navigation 
 Company forms the boundary line of the bor- 
 ough, and dividing it from a collection of houses 
 and enterprises now located in the township 
 of Franklin, Upon the same side of the borough 
 is situated the Lehigh andSusquelianna Division 
 of the New Jersey Central Railroad, which ha.s 
 provided the town with frequent trains up and 
 down the valley. Across the Lehigh river, is a 
 covered bridge which connects the two boroughs 
 of Weissport and Lehigliton, and also virtually 
 gives the former two railroads, the depot of the 
 
 Lehigh Valley road being near this bridge, on the 
 opposite side. 
 
 Weissport has now a population of about six 
 liundred, and contains numerous mercantile 
 establishments, the emery wheel company, foun- 
 dry and machine sliops, rolling mill (now lying 
 idle,) planing mill, and the other enteri>rises 
 common to a town of its size. It has a Metho- 
 dist, Evangelical, and Lutheran Reformed 
 churches, and a j)u))lic school, divided into two 
 departments. The town is well governed by a 
 burgess and a council of six members, the taxes 
 being low, and carefully handled. 
 
 It is located four and a half miles from the 
 county seat, Mauch Chunk, and frequent trains 
 bring within a short riding distance any point 
 in the valley. 
 
 In the pages that follow are to be found the 
 representative houses of the borough, which have 
 been selected as portraying the business enter- 
 prises of the town. 
 
 LEHIHGTON. 
 
 This active business town is located on the 
 western side of the river, upon an elevated piece 
 of land, and forming a borough of excellent ap- 
 pearance. As Gnadenhutten it has a most inter- 
 esting history, as portrayed in the beginning of 
 this article It was upon this elevated ground 
 the Moravians established their missionary sta- 
 tion, and here where the massacre of the eleven 
 person occured that created such wide-spread 
 consternation throughout the valley. The set- 
 tlement was the first made in Carbon county. In 
 1762 the whole of this township contained but 
 thirty-three persons who were liable for taxes, 
 which twenty years later had increased to forty- 
 five taxables, most of whom were farmers, others 
 having saw mills. The first public road in the 
 county was made by order of the court from the 
 mouth of Mahoning creek (near Lehighton) to 
 the King's road near Bethlehem. This petition 
 was from the Moravians, in 1748, and among the 
 rea.sons for the road, was that "many people had 
 received much benefit from the water of a 
 healing spring near the outlet of this stream, and 
 the communicatic>ns between the settlement, 
 (Bethlehem) and those near this spring will be 
 frequent." This spring has considerable cele- 
 brity at the present time, and is known as the 
 "Spring of the Heading Waters." It is situated 
 about one mile south of Lehighton, and is visi- 
 ted by many people, particularly during the sum- 
 mer season. 
 
 Previous to the discovery of coal and the im- 
 provements of the Lehigh Navigation Company, 
 no place in Carbon county reached any size, and 
 the land at tliis ]>oint (Lehighton) remained 
 nearly as it had always been, a stretch of wild 
 forest. About the year 1810, Colonel Jacob 
 Weiss, the founder of Weissport, and William 
 Henry, together laid out a town plot at Lehigliton. 
 and made every effort to establish here a centre 
 
168 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 for business and residence. For several reasons 
 the enterprise did not meet with success. All 
 above this place, and indeed much of the 
 land below, was a wild, unsettled country, ex- 
 cept here and there a liamlet, principally en- 
 gaged in lumbering or some kindred industry. 
 The opening of the Lehigh canal brought the 
 contemplated town into notice and some fam- 
 ilies located here. The growth was slow, as the 
 completion of the Lehigh Valley Railroad in 1855 
 found a village of only about three hundred in- 
 habitants. In 1860 it contained about four hun- 
 4 dred, and had become a location of some busi- 
 ness, there being three hotels, three stores, one 
 mill, and two extensive tanneries. From tliis 
 time, the village took upon itselfactivity, and in 
 1866 was incorporated as a borough, it previously 
 having been a portion of Mahoning township. 
 In 1870 the borough contained a population of 
 1,485, and at the present time has 2,700. It is the 
 most active and enterprising town Ijetween 
 Slatington and Mauch Chunk, and is well built, 
 the greater portion being on the main street, 
 parallel with the river. 
 
 Nearly all the town has been built new since 
 its incorporation, and contains now but few 
 buildings of a much older date. The main 
 thoroughfare, upon which is located the princi- 
 pal business houses of the place, is a wide, and 
 nicely kept avenue, in appearance the equal of 
 any town of its size in the valley. A greater 
 portion of the structures erected for the mercan- 
 tile trade are ornaments and well bespeak the 
 character of the people who have located here. 
 
 Among the prominent industries within the 
 borough limits, are an extensive meatpacking 
 establishment, stove works, three carriage fac- 
 tories and a general variety of smaller enterprises. 
 These in addition to the repair shops of tlie Le- 
 high Valley Railroad Company, at Packeton, a 
 short distance above, have provided abundant 
 employment for the residents of this town, and 
 it has enjoyed a continued era of prosperity. 
 
 Around Lehighton are located many points of 
 interest, and the county seat, Mauch Chunk, 
 "the Switzerland of America," is but four miles 
 distant. The well-known Malioning Valley, 
 stretches to the east and west from the town, and 
 possessing some excellent farming land. This 
 valley reaches the entire distance, almost due 
 east, to Stroudsburg, on the Delaware river, and 
 thirty miles from Lohi hton. It has bien long in 
 contemplation to construct a railroad from this 
 point to the Delaware, through this fertile valley, 
 and thus give to the Lehigh Valley road another 
 important feeder. This would enhance to a very 
 considerable degree the prosi>crity of Lehighton, 
 bringing to it a greater part of the trade to that 
 section. Near Lehighton, in former daj's, was 
 situated the great swamp, called by the fugitives, 
 who escaped the butchery at Wyoming, the 
 "Shades of Death;" the only inhabitant at one 
 
 time being a noted recluse, known as the "Her- 
 mit of the Shades of Deatli," or the "Blue Moun- 
 tain Hermit." Here are located the grounds of 
 tlie Carbon County Agricultural Society, wliich 
 are now handsomely laid out, and kei)t in tlior- 
 ough order. Tiiis society held tlieir first lair 
 in the fall of 1858. 
 
 The churchesof Lehighton consist of the Evan- 
 gelical Lutheran, B. J. Snyder, pastor : Metlio- 
 dist Episcopal, George W. North, pastor : First 
 Presbyterian, no pastor ; Zion's Reformed, J. H. 
 Hartman, pastor ; Lutheran and Catholic. The 
 public school occupies a large three-story build- 
 ing valued at $45,000, with deimrtmcntsor rooms- 
 on each floor. The scliools are in charge of a 
 competent principal, witli six assistants, and the 
 entire under the jurisdiction of a scliool board 
 elected by the citizens. Of this, the Rev. C, 
 Bartholomew is the President, and W. W. Rap- 
 sher. Secretary. 
 
 Lehighton has a newspaper known as Tlie 
 Carbon Advocate, edited and published by Mr. H. 
 V. Mortimer. Also a National Bank, whicli is a 
 great advantage to those doing business in the 
 borough. 
 
 Few towns are possessed of better railroad 
 facilities than Lehighton, the Lehigh Valley 
 having their depot at one end of the borough,, 
 and the Lehigh and Susquehanna at the other.. 
 This latter road crosses at this point both the 
 Lehigh River and the Lehigh Valley Railroad, 
 and continues on to Mauch Chunk on the west- 
 ern side. The trains up and down the valley are- 
 very frequent, and the advantages offered in this 
 respect for the location of industries, together 
 with the excellent scope of land for building pur- 
 poses, make Lehighton a point worthy of con- 
 sideration with those desirous of establishing 
 their manufacturing enterprise at a place where 
 they can secure the best inducements. Outside 
 of the principal towns of the Lehigh Valley, no 
 borough gives promise of so prosperous a future 
 as must be attributed to Lehighton. It has all 
 the elements that go to make a town successful — 
 the citizens being liberal minded and quick to ap- 
 preciate any movement that has in view tlie 
 growth and advancement of the place. The loca- 
 tion is superior, sufficiently high to afford mag- 
 nificent views, and thorough drainage, and yet 
 possessed of a plateau of ground that is in every 
 respect adapted to the erection of extensive en- 
 terprises. It is claimed to be one of the healthiest 
 t(n\ns in the entire valley, and a person would 
 have to contemplate a long while, before he 
 would be willing to gainsay it. In our review of 
 the business interests of the town, we have chosen 
 tiie representative bouses, thus giving our readers 
 the most reliable of those engaged in the manu- 
 facturing or mercantile trade of the borough. 
 
 A short distance above Lehighton, and almost 
 a portion of it, as nearly all the employees of the 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 16^ 
 
 works there locafed are residents of this place, is 
 located the busy railway settlement of 
 
 PACKERTON. 
 
 This place is between the railroad and river, 
 and two miles east of Mauch Chnnk, and was 
 named in honor of Hon. Asa Packer, late Pres- 
 ident of the Lehigh Valley Railroad. 
 
 The company have here numerous tracks for 
 the making up of coal trains, and it is always an 
 animated j>oint. At the u|)per terminus of the 
 "yard" a small building is located, which might 
 liardly attract a second look, yet it is very im- 
 portant in the part it plays in the affairs of the 
 road. Here are the scales which weigh all the 
 coal passing down. Coal trains are broken into 
 sections representing individual orders, and 
 started down the grade a little distance apart, a 
 brakeman in charge of each division. They pa.ss 
 over the weighing platform, (which is the 
 length of ten cars), at a rapid rate, and yet the 
 clerks in the little wayside office, by the skill en- 
 gendered by years of practice, can determine the 
 exact tonnage, the weight of each car when empty 
 being known, and deducted from the total. Their 
 capacity istliree hundred thousand pounds, and 
 were built specially for the present use by Fair- 
 banks. Over twenty-eight thou.sand tons of coal 
 have been weighed here in a single day. Here are 
 
 the principal shops of the company, wliose 
 chief employment is the building and repairing 
 of coal and freight cars, recpiiring the service of 
 nearly six hundred men, and at)out $25,000 per 
 month to pay their wages. It is well worth visi- 
 ting, and its ponderous machinery, and all the 
 modern inventions jiertaining to railway trans- 
 portation, in connection witli its great and con- 
 stant activities, give an excellent idea of the 
 magnitude and importance of the Lehigh Valley 
 coal trade. 
 
 Lehigh Valley Park near Packerton is the 
 large park of the Leiiigh Valley Railway Com- 
 pany, containing seventy-five acres, through 
 which runs a beautiful stream, and in wliieh 
 there are several ponds, containing large num- 
 bers of brook trout. The park is also stocked 
 with wild deer, elk, antelope, etc. 
 
 Half a mile distant are located the famous La- 
 fayette Lentz Fish Ponds. Mr. Lentz, who re- 
 sides at Mauch <;;hunk, is here engaged ext«n- 
 sively in the propagation of trout, and with the 
 most encouraging prospects of complete success. 
 As a nuitter of course, the park, these ponds, and 
 tlie propagating arrangements pertaining to them, 
 are objects of interest to the tourist, and are an- 
 nually visited by a large number of people. 
 
 CLAUSS & BROTHER, 
 
 Mekchant Tah-ors, and Dealers in Clothing. 
 Gents' FrRNisniNt; Goods, etc.. Bank Street, 
 Lehighton. 
 The present bu.suiess of this house is tlie most, import- 
 ant of the kind in this section of the country, and the 
 manner in which its affairs are conducted reflect credit 
 alike upon the proprietors and the community in gen- 
 eral. The inception of this house dates back eighteen 
 years, but only since July, 1880, when the present firm 
 took possession of the business, did the house begin to 
 achieve its present excellent reputation, and the busi- 
 ness reach such an exteuded scale. This house is in 
 good repute among the large dealers, is prompt in the 
 discharge of all business obligatious, and consequently 
 is offered the best goods in the market at the lowest 
 cash prices. A large and varied assortment of Cloths, 
 Cassiincrcs, Suitings, Vestings, etc., may be found in the 
 piece uniods doiiiirtnient at all seasons of the year, em. 
 bracing the "nobbiest" and latest styles of foreign aud 
 domestic manufacture. In the clothing department 
 everything desirable for men's youths' and boys', can 
 always be fotnid upon the shelves. A complete line of 
 Boots and Siioes of the best and most reliable manu- 
 facture are kept in stock, while everything in accord- 
 ance with the latest dictates of fashion can be obtained 
 in head-wear. During the winter season the firm carry 
 a large stock of Furs. In sluirt, >vcry department of 
 tliis house is so thoroughly eiiuijiped that the citizens 
 of I, ehighton are relieved of the necessity of going to 
 the larger cities for their seasonable sui>plics of cloth- 
 ing. Clauss & Brother, by their careful study of the 
 wants and caprices of their patrons, have already built 
 up a large business, while the success and i)ermanaucy 
 t)f the house was an assured fact from their oiUset as 
 proprietors. They pay particular attention to the mer- 
 chant Tailoring department, nnd upon this feature of 
 the business we wisii to cmpliiui<'ally express the ver- 
 dict of their patrons, by saying their clothes are par ex- 
 
 cellence. Over the cutting department their father, T. 
 D. Clauss, as.sisted by Frank D. Clauss, have entire 
 charge, and give the business their most careful atten- 
 tion. They cut from the latest patterns, employ only 
 excellent workmen to make up, and use only first-class 
 material in the trimming and furnishing, no goods be- 
 ing permitted to leave the store that can in any way re- 
 flect discredit upon the name of the house. 
 
 In all deimrtments of the establishment twenty men 
 are employed, and at busy seasons this number is great- 
 ly augmented. The individual members of the firm 
 are Frank D. Clauss and Oliver A. Clauss, both of whom 
 are young men of ability and enterprise. 
 
 JOSIAH KUCH, 
 
 General Merchandise, Franklin Township, 
 
 Opposite Wkisspokt. 
 In fixing the bomidary lines of the borough of Weiss- 
 port that portion of the settlement lying north of the 
 canal was not included, and is now still a portion of 
 Franklin Township. There are a number of inhabi- 
 tants in this section who liberally patronize the stores 
 located in their midst, there being several representa- 
 tive establishments devoted to general business in this 
 portion of the towusliip. Among these, that of Mr. 
 Josiah Ruch is worthy of mention as occupying a prom- 
 inent place in supplying the necessaries of life. The 
 store is near the canal bridge, is of ample dimensions 
 and stocked with a varied assortment of general mer- 
 chandise, including a full and complete line of Dress 
 Goods, of foreign and domestic manufacture. Muslins, 
 Cloths for Gentlemen's and Boys' Clothing, and a varie- 
 ty of goods under the head of Notions and Fancy Arti- 
 cles. Particular attention is paid to the grocery depart- 
 ment, which is equally well supplied with Fancy aud 
 staple Goods. 
 
 Mr. Rtich is an active aud enterprising business man 
 and nuikes every effort to provide his patrons with the 
 best and most desirable that the nuirkel affords. 
 
170 
 
 RESOURC108 OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 LKHIOFI VALLEY EMERY WHEEL COMPANY, 
 
 Manufactukeks of Emkry Wheels and Emery 
 Wheel ^[ACHINERY, Weissport. 
 
 Tiis industry is one of the most important in the Le- 
 high Valley, aurt with a single exception is the only 
 one of the kind in the State. It was established in 1874, 
 the Company being organized but a few months after- 
 ward. The plant of the Company is located in the 
 ■western end of the Borough, in full view from the win- 
 dows of the cars on the Lehigh and Susquehanna Rail- 
 road, which cros.ses the Lehigh river a short distance 
 ;ibfive the works. The b\iilding is of frame, two and a- 
 half stories in height, sixty by eighty feet, double ad- 
 dition sixty by forty, storage room eighteen by thirty- 
 six in dimensions, and supplied with many new im- 
 ]>fovements in the way of machinery, the whole run by 
 an engine of forty horse power. 
 
 In the manufacture of Emery Wheels, the principal 
 departments of interest are the stock room, where the 
 materials for emery wheels are kept, as Turkey emery 
 and corundum of all grades, the adhesive matter, and 
 the different substances used as bodies ; the mixing 
 room where the different materials are thoroughly in- 
 corporated ; the drying room, where they are placed in 
 trays and exposed to a uniform and peculiar atmosphere 
 indicated by a hygrometer, and a certain temperature 
 varying slightly above and below 120 deg.; the pressing 
 room, where there are hydraulic pumps and presses of 
 great power, a great variety of moulds, and mechanical 
 appliances for the manipulation of the wheels; a test- 
 ing room, where each wheel is tested before it leaves 
 the manufactory ; and a machine shop, for the con- 
 .struction of new machinery and repairs to the machin- 
 ery on the premises. 
 
 The process of making emery wheels is apparently a 
 very simple one, but great experience and good judg- 
 ment are necessary in the selection of suitable mate- 
 rials and the mixing, tempering, and pressing of the 
 same. When a wheel is ordered for some specific pur- 
 po.se, the manufacturers' formula for such a wheel is 
 sent to those in charge of the different departments. 
 This formula states the kind and proportion of mate- 
 rials to be used, the pressure and heat to be applied, etc. 
 The first process is the mixing and drying, as already 
 referred to; tlie second, the pressing. After the com- 
 position and a<ihesive matter have been thoroughly 
 worked and prepared, the mixture is placed in .strong 
 cylindrical or other shaped iron moulds and subjected 
 to an enormous pressure. 
 
 The hydraulic presses in use are very powerful, one 
 of them having a pressure of 1,000 and a new one of 
 2,(K)0 tons pressure. The pressure on the wheels is ap- 
 plied at top and bottom, and the plates between which 
 the wheel is pressed are heated by steam to certain 
 temperatures. After the wheel has thus been moulded 
 and pressed, the mould is taken to a smaller hydraulic 
 press, which removes the wheel from the mould. It is 
 tlien left to cool and harden, after which it is turned 
 jind "trued up" in an ordinary lathe, the turning being 
 effected by the use of diamond turning tools. It is then 
 ready for testing, which is done by putting the 
 wheel on an arbor and driving it at a high speed, 
 about 10,000 feet (surface speed) per minute. To 
 prevent accident in ca.se the wheel should burst, owing 
 to the great centrifugal force, the wheel and its arbor 
 are inclosed witliin a sir )ug wooden guard or box. 
 Should the wheel stand ihU test it is considered safe 
 for use. Emery wheels are made at the works of the 
 above-named Uomi)any, of all sizes and shapes. It is 
 claimed that a wheel thirty inches in diameter and five 
 inches thick, will wear down nearly to the spindle, and 
 will do just as much work as when large if speeded up. 
 
 Hence the importance of using cone pulleys on the 
 spindles of emery wlieel machinery. 
 
 The Company also manufacture all kinds of emery 
 wheei machinery, and their productions are known all 
 over the L'nited States, Canada and parts of Europe. 
 
 Prom a very small beginning the business of the Com- 
 pany has become one of great proportions, and has 
 more than doubled in the past year. The Company em- 
 ploy at the present time twelve hands, all of whom are 
 skilled workmen. Their wheels are all patented and the 
 patents owned by the Company. 
 
 The olticers of the Company are, William Lilly, of 
 Mauch Chunk, President; Secretary and Treasurer, and 
 General Superintendent of the works, L. E. Wills, of 
 Weissport ; Board of Directors, William Lilly, Dr. J. G. 
 Zern, W. H. Stroh, W. R. Butler, R. F. Hofford, William, 
 Wagoner, and L. E. Wills. 
 
 In concluding our review of this important industry, 
 we will add what was said of their make of wheels, by 
 the Scientific American, a journal that never places credit 
 where it does not belong : 
 
 "The wheels made at these works are strong, durable, 
 and of very excellent quality. Being made under a 
 hydraulic pressure combined with heat, we are inform- 
 ed that perfect regularity in their hardness is obtained. 
 There is no clogging or gumming, and the hardest metal 
 when applied to the corners is cut rapidly away without 
 any perceptible wear of the wheel." 
 
 PERRY J. KISTLER, 
 
 Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, etc., Bridgh 
 Street, Weissport. 
 
 One of the enterprising business men of the Borough 
 of Weissport is Mr. Perry J. Kistler, the popular store- 
 keeper. He occupies a well arranged and neatly fitted 
 up store in which he displays a full line of Dry Goods, 
 Notions, Groceries, Hardware, Boots and Shoes, etc. — 
 The business was originally established many years 
 ago, and is at the present time one of the oldest stands 
 iu the town. Since the proprietorship of Mr. Kistler 
 he has infused new energy into the business, and has 
 by sound judgement and earnest desire to please all 
 greatly increased the anual trade. 
 
 lu his stock may always be found choice Groceries, 
 Canned Goods, and all the new and desirable styles in 
 Dry Goods, as well as the general line of Hardware, 
 Boots and Shoes, etc. 
 
 He fully understands the wants of his patrons, and 
 keeps in his stock a class of goods, carefully selected 
 and bought from first hands. 
 
 His patrons place the greatest reliance iu him, know- 
 ing that he makes no misrepresentation to effect sales. 
 
 RAPSHER & ZERN, 
 
 Dkugoist, White Street, Weissport. 
 
 The Drug Store of Kapsher <& Zern, on White street, 
 possesses every convenience and requisite that goes to 
 make up a thorough establishment, eminently fits it 
 for supplying the community with the goods embraced 
 in the category of Drugs and Chemicals, the proprie- 
 tors' aim being to keep only the most leliable Chemicals 
 and the best and purest of Drugs. The business was 
 established in 187S, with a full and complete stock of 
 everything requisite, of the highest class, which is now 
 so arranged and displayed as to reflect the greatest 
 credit upon the enterprise of the proprietors. 
 
 In addition to their Drugs and Chemical-i, they carry 
 an extensive stock of Fancy and Toilet Articles, com- 
 prising Brushes of all kinds, Medicated Soaps, and a 
 line of Cologne and Extract Perfumes. In Paints, Oils, 
 Glass, Putty, Varnishes.etc, they have an extensive and 
 desirable assortment, and are prepared to furnish these 
 goods to consumers in any quantities. 
 
KESOrnCES OF THE LEHIGH VAT.EEY. 
 
 17t 
 
 The junior of tlie firm, Dr. J. G. Zcrn.was born in New 
 Hanover town^hii), Montgomery county, Febuary 24,18-iri, 
 and is a practicing pliysic'inn, and commands a large 
 share of the patronage of the best families of the town 
 and surrounding country. He has represented the 
 Legislative District of Carbon county in the House of 
 Representatives of the State, for twoteims, and is there 
 recognized as a prominent and active member, zealous 
 in his efforts to promote the interests of his constituents. 
 His partner, Mr. William Kapsher, a member of the 
 Legislature before Dr. Zern, is actively engagecl also in 
 profe.ssional life, being a lawyer of high standing with 
 the bar of lliis section of the State, and a gentleman 
 having many friends in private life. 
 
 Their drug establifJhment is un<ier the immediate 
 charge of a competent assistant, who conducts the bus- 
 ines in the most careful and systematic manner. 
 
 WEISSPORT FOUNDRY, 
 
 MiNKR Bros, Proprietors. 
 
 Among the enterprises that have aided in building 
 up the borough of Weissport and exert considerable in- 
 fluence upon the neighboring town of Lehighton, is 
 that known as the " Weissport Foundry ." The works 
 were established about nine years ago, and have now 
 built up a very large trade, ranking them among the 
 leading enterprises of the kind in this section. The 
 buildings are of frame, and of ample dimensions, thor- 
 oughly equiped with every essential for their specialty 
 of work, and requiring an engine of twenty -horse pow- 
 er. The proprietors, Messrs. Miner Brothers, are thor- 
 ough men in their business, and have by careful atten- 
 tion and good work, not only secured a large and lucra- 
 tive trade, but won the confidence of all with whom 
 they have been brought in contact. 
 
 The special feature of these works is the manufacture 
 of light castings of all kinds, for which they use daily 
 about five tons of metal, and employ forty-eight hands, 
 twenty-eight of whom are engaged as moulders. The 
 castings, which include everything under the head of 
 light work, have made for the firm an established rep- 
 utation for good material and careful manipulation. 
 The production of these works have become known as 
 combining the best workmanship with superior mate- 
 rial, and from which never deteriorating in any man- 
 ner. 
 
 Everything about the works indicates the superior 
 management to which they are subjected, and well 
 illustrates the ability and fitness of the firm for the bus- 
 iness. Convenient in their location to both railroad and 
 canal, they possess every advantage for prompt ship- 
 ment to any point, and the receipt of material for their 
 works. 
 
 The indivi'lual members of the firm, are William and 
 Douglass Miner, and the father, Elias Miner, trading 
 mider the title of Miner Bros. They are all residents 
 of Weissport, and amoug the most active and respected 
 citizens. 
 
 E. H. SNYDER, 
 
 Dry Goods, Groceries, Queensware, Carpets, 
 Etc., Bank Street, Lehighton. 
 To cite the various articles kept in stock by this 
 house would be a tedious enumeration, as everything 
 coming under the denomination of general merchandise 
 may here be obtained. Groceries, Provisions, Spices, 
 Teas, Coflees, Dry Goods, Domestic Prints, Oils, light 
 Hardware, China, Glass, Queensware, Carpets, Matting, 
 Oil Cloths, etc., are a few of the things perhaps most 
 prominent to the trade. In every department the goods 
 are kept tip to a tuiiform standard of purity, freshness, 
 and excellence. Nothingisdisplayed forsale butwliat 
 can be hartily recommended by the proprietor, no mis- 
 
 representations being used to effect a sale. An exten- 
 sive and growing trade has already been built up with 
 the farmers and shoppers of the surrounding country- 
 and the citizens of Lehighton. In order to more thor- 
 oughly understand the extent of the business, a person 
 should witness the scene of activity prevailing within 
 the store during a pleasant Saturday evening. 
 
 Familiar with the trade of buying and .selling genera' 
 merchandise, .Mr. Snyder is enable to better meet the 
 wants of his trade tliun muny merchants, and meeting 
 his obligations upon sliort time payments, or with cash, 
 isenabled to secure his goods at their lowest market 
 prices. Prompt in the discharge of all business mattcr.-v 
 and enterprising in, endeavors to better meet the de 
 demands of his patrons, the rapid strides he has taken 
 toward unquestioned success, is but a deserved tribute 
 of the public's high appreciation of his honest endeav- 
 ors. 
 
 A native of Irtiis section, he is known from childhood, 
 and his b\isiness career is regarded with satisfaction by 
 those who have watched his pluck in the competition 
 attended upon a mercantile life. 
 
 JOSEPH OBERT, 
 
 Packing, Curing and S.moking Establishment, 
 
 Bank Street, Lehighton, 
 Joseph Obert, proprietor of the largest individual 
 mercantile enterprise in Lehighton, is a native of Ger- 
 many, like hundreds of others of his own nationality, 
 adorn some of the brightest pages in the mercantile 
 history of this Commonwealth. Devoted to the coun- 
 try of his adoption, and a citizen of thirty-nine years 
 standing, he to-day is one of the representative business 
 men of Lehighton. Fifteen years ago, with a meagre 
 capital in cash, but with that earnest determination 
 that brooks no obstacle, an enterprise that admits of 
 no competitors, he laid the foundation of his now 
 mammoth business in a small way, and has worked 
 steadily onward ever since. In 1875 his establishment 
 was burned down, and with it a large stock of goods, 
 shattering his small savings, the fruits of his years of 
 hard labor. With his energies still undaunted he set 
 about to restore his lost fortunes, and his business to- 
 day bespeaks for the proprietor that he has been emi- 
 nently successful. 
 
 Lusurpas.sed facilities for butchering, packing, 
 curing and smoking meats are offered in his building, 
 which is 66x90 feet, three-stories high, of brick ; and 
 twelve hands are constantly employed in the different 
 departments of labor. .\. ten horse power engine is in 
 operation to drive the machinery necessary to prosecute 
 the business and during the busy seasons the place is a 
 scene of activity and industry. From four to ten thous- 
 and pounds of meal per day, varying with the sea.sons, 
 are handled and prepared for the markets. Beef, Pork, 
 Veal and Mutton are const!>utly dealt in, and during 
 the season large quantities of the beef and pork arc 
 cured, packed and smoked, and disposed of at retail 
 during the summer. Only the best stock are slaught- 
 ered, and the best care is given the meat through all its 
 stages of curing. 
 
 The trade of this bouse extends up and down, the 
 length and width of the Lehigh Valley, throughout the 
 coal regions, and to some more remote points and 
 places, and the active demands for meats cured at this 
 packing house hesiieaks its popularity. There is no 
 other similar business house in the Lehigh Valley. As 
 a public spirited citizen his career has been marked 
 and prominent, always fostering every interest intended 
 to benefit the community in which he resides and the 
 public in general. 
 
172 
 
 RESOUROKS or THE LVAlUUi VAT.LEY. 
 
 LEHIGH STOVE WORKS. 
 
 Stoves and Hdij.ow ware, I-nrifiHTON. 
 
 There is no other inauufaeturiiig enterprise in this 
 portion of the county to which so much importance 
 can justly be attached as to the Leliigh Stove Works, 
 situated at Lehightoa. The manufacture of stoves that 
 will last and do service a reasonable space of time, was 
 for a long period a question which scientists were practi- 
 cally unable to solve. After many years of laboring in 
 this direction, the solution was acquired, and then 
 arose the question of producing the greatest amount of 
 heat with the consumption of a given quantity of coal. 
 
 The Lehigh Stove Works started business as a corpo- 
 rate body in 181)7, and immediately began the manufac- 
 ture of Stoves and Hollow-ware. From the inception of 
 the business they have been continually experiment- 
 ing and improving their stoves, until to-day they are 
 reported to make the best grade of goods that go into 
 the market. Not only in point of durability do their 
 stoves excel, but in the consumption of fuel they are 
 exceedingly economical, an item of more than'ordinary 
 moment. The plant of the Lehigh Stove Company oc- 
 cupies a large s]>ace of ground in close proximity to the 
 railroads, and is thus admirably located for the recep- 
 tion and shipment of goods. The buildings are num- 
 erous, substantially built of stone and frame, and are 
 admirably adapted to the business. Their arrange- 
 ment in the interior is a model of system and conven- 
 ience, everything being placed with the idea of produc- 
 ing the best results with the least manual labor. From 
 twenty to thirty men are here constantly employed in 
 the different departments of manufacture, all of who 
 are tried, experienced and capable mechanics. A large 
 sixty-horse power engine, and three boilers are kept in 
 operation in the factory, in driving the different ma- 
 chines, etc. The annual sales of this company aggregate 
 a large sum, while the trade extends over all parts of the 
 country, and is rapidly increasing. This company manu- 
 facture Stoves for all purposes, and a fine stock of par- 
 lor, cook, office and double heaters are always to be 
 found in the stock. A full line of hollowware forms an 
 important part of their business, and during the seasons 
 of activity the shipments of these goods are enormous. 
 Enjoying the best facilities, and being in close pox- 
 imity to where the iron is produced, this firm can turn 
 out a superior grade of work at such rates as places 
 them beyond competition with similar establishments 
 in other portions of the State. 
 
 Always maintaining their reputation by the same 
 quality of goods as upon which they built their trade, 
 the business of the company is a growing one, and the 
 importance and impetus it gives to the other business 
 interest of the town cannot be over-estimated. This 
 factory is under the supervision of Mr. A. C. Brodhead, 
 a gentleman combining experience and practicability 
 with a ripe knowledge of those laws which govern bus- 
 iness affairs in general, and consequently the interests 
 of the company, and those of the public are faithfully 
 subserved. As before intimated the affairs is operated 
 by a company of stockholders, the principal and most 
 prominent of whom are G. B. Linderman, President, 
 Bethlehem ; C. W. Anthony, of Bethlehem, Secretary 
 and Treasurer; C. O. Skeer, Robert Klotz, Samuel Smith, 
 William Lilly, W. B. Muck, and A. G. Brodhead, all of 
 whom are honorable and influential citizeus of this por- 
 tion of the State. 
 
 KOCH & BROTHER, 
 
 Manufacti'rp:rs and Jobbers of Cigars and To- 
 bacco, Bank Stkkkt, Lf.highton. 
 I. S. Koch and W. S. Koch, who constitute the firm of 
 Koch & Brother, are natives of Northampton county, 
 
 Pennsylvania, and are young men of admirable busi- 
 ness tact and enterprise. In their present business they 
 have the leading store in the town, and enjoy a pros- 
 perous trade. They occupy a well situated building on 
 Bank street, and carry a full line of Tobacco, Cigars, 
 and Smokers' goods in general, always keeping for the 
 trade the bestgoods the markets afford. In their manu- 
 factory they employ from eight to ten hands constantly, 
 and by purchasing a superior quality of imported and 
 domestic tobacco are enabled to make up and sell excel- 
 lent Cigars. The "Bull Dozers" and "Our Own," are 
 two brands of cigars of which this firm have the exclu- 
 sive manufacture and i-ale, and being brands upon 
 which they stake their reputation are decidedly fine. 
 Besides these they make and handle "Royal Deal Stand- 
 ard" and "Fair Play" and other brands. Among their 
 patrons are numbered many of the best people of the 
 town, and the ability of the firm to furnish a superior 
 article to their customers draws to them a liberal pa- 
 tronage. 
 
 Using none of the devices so well known to the trade, 
 but manufacturing a straight, pure cigar, and represent- 
 ing it in accordance with the facts, their reputation for 
 honest dealing and upright business transactions stands 
 unquestioned wherever they are known. 
 
 Starting business in 1876, and by their enterprise fill- 
 ing a want heretofore existing in the needs of the pub- 
 lic at this point, they at once gained a foremost position 
 ,iu the trade, absorbing a greater part of the custom of 
 other and less reliable dealers. 
 
 DANIEL WIEAND, 
 
 Carriage Buii.dek, Corner of Iron and Bank 
 Streets, Lehighton. 
 
 To build a first-class finely finished light carriage or 
 buggy, where staying qualities, beauty in design and 
 elegance in finish are combined, requires as much skill, 
 fine work and intelligence as the construction of a 
 piano. During the past few years many notable im- 
 provements have been made in the carriage building 
 business until now it may be said to be far ahead of 
 any other branch of mechanical science. In Lehighton 
 there are different firms engaged in the business, but 
 the long established reputation of the enterprise of 
 Daniel Wieand, and the excellent quality of the woi'k 
 turned out entitles him to a place of prominence in 
 considering the industries of Lehighton. The works 
 have a frontage of twenty-five feet, extending back a 
 distance of fifty feet, occupying two stories, in which 
 the different stages of carriage building, from the pre- 
 paration of the raw material to the handsomely furn- 
 ished carriage are prosecuted. A number of excellent 
 workmen are here constantly employed in turning out 
 new work, and making repairs, and such bu.siness as is 
 attendant upon the trade. In the erection of carriages 
 Mr. Wieand uses his utmost care to select only the most 
 suitable and best seasoned woods, and most durable 
 material, and when manipulated by skilled mechanics 
 the best results are obtained. Carnages ami light 
 wagons of all kinds are manufactured to order. 
 
 The trade isa large one, all the capacity of his works 
 being operated to meet the demands of the citizens of 
 Lehighton and farmers of the surrounding neighbor- 
 hood, and a perceptible gain in the business is manifest 
 over the trade of previous years. 
 
 Mr. Wieand is a young man practical in the trade, 
 and gives his establishment his personal supervision. 
 He is a native of Lehighton, and is known to the com- 
 munity as an enterprising business man, fully prepared 
 to turn out work that will bear a favorable comparison 
 with the product of similar establislunents of the large 
 cities. 
 
RESOrRCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 173 
 
 TREXLER & KREIDLER, 
 
 Carkiagio IUildkrs, Bank Street, Lehighton. 
 
 The fiirriiige building business of recent years is a 
 branch of industry vvhicli lias enfjaged the attention of 
 sbnie of our most enterprising artisans, and in conse- 
 ■queuce the trade has grown to greatly extended pro- 
 portions in every quarter ot the United States, while the 
 improvement in the product of the factories is but a 
 response to the demands of the times for something to 
 be handsome and light as well as durable. Keeping 
 apace with the times, and far ahead of many manu- 
 facturers, the firm of Messrs. Trexler & Kreidler are 
 among the best Carriage iiuilders in tlie State. 
 
 Esialilislied upwards of twenty years ago by an enter- 
 prising l)ui-Ider, the works had already the reputation 
 for producing fnie work when Messrs. Trexler & Kreid- 
 ler became proprietors in 1877. Since then, however, 
 instead of depending upon the already acquired repu- 
 tation of the house, they set to work and began turning 
 out a line ofCoaches, Carriages, I'hii'tons, Buggies, Jen- 
 ny Linds, etc., that will commend themselves to the 
 people in any part of tlie State. The selection of first 
 class material, w'ell-seasoned wood, and the employ- 
 ment, of superior mechanics, are necessary to produce 
 work of this kind that combines beauty of design, ele- 
 gance of execution with good staying qualities. From 
 eight to Hftceii men, experieuced and skillful artisans, 
 are employed in the difterent departments of the fac- 
 tory, aided by all the most approved machinery to 
 facilitate their work, and the product of their labor 
 meets witli ready sale among the home patrons of 
 the establishment. The building occupied is a 
 large two-story factory, arranged and apj)ointed 
 with a view to convenience, and adaptability 
 to the purpose for which it is employed. In the sales- 
 room may be seen fine specimens of the handiwork of 
 this firm, as a moderately large .stock of Carriages are 
 kept on show. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are M. C. Trexler, 
 formerly of Alleutown, and H. R. Kreidler, formerly of 
 Bath, both practical mechanics, who give the details 
 their personal attention. The encouragement they are 
 receiving is but a mark of appreciation which the pub- 
 lic bestow upon their products as the work of skillful 
 mechanics and honest tradesmen. 
 
 WM. KEMERER, 
 
 General Store, Corner of Bank and South 
 
 Streets, Lehighton. 
 Established about forty years ago when the town was 
 but a half dozen scattering houses, the store has ever 
 since been used as a point of supply for the wants of 
 the households of Lehighton and surrounding neigh- 
 borhoods. Not, however, until 1868 when Mr. Kemerer 
 became proprietor of the enterprise did the place as- 
 sume the marked prominence, which has so rapidly 
 given it a position of importance among the business 
 concerns of the town. To cite the numerous articles 
 kept iu stock-goods would seem needless. Dry Goods, 
 Silks, Dress Goods, Sheetings, Toweling and Domestic 
 Prints are kept in profusion; China, Gla.ss, Queens and 
 Wooden Ware iu abundance; fancy and staple groce- 
 ries, such as arc kept in the grocery stores of large cities, 
 beside a general assortment of fancy, plain and useful 
 articles. The building is finely appointed and admir- 
 ably arranged for the successful prosecution of the busi- 
 ness to which it is devoted. Neatness and convenience 
 are depicted upon every side, whilst the clerks and as- 
 sistant.s are genial and courteous. A fine and growing 
 trade is enjoyed with the citizens of Lehighton and 
 farmers of the surrounding neighborhood. 
 Mr. Kemerer is a native of Mahoning township, but 
 
 has resided in Lehighton sufficiently long to make his 
 presence felt in mercantile and social circles. 
 
 J. L. GABEL, 
 
 Hardware, Cutlery, Iron, Steel, OtLs, Paints, 
 GLA.SS, Lumber and Coal, Bank Street, Lehigh- 
 ton. 
 The inception of this enterprise dates back several 
 years, coming under the proprietorship of Mr. J. L. 
 Gabel in 1876, the new impulse given to business at that 
 time was perceptibly felt, and the trade has steadily in 
 creased ever since. The store house, occupying an ad* 
 vantageous position on Bank street, has a frontage of 
 twenty feet, extending back to the depth of seventy- 
 five feet, with a large building in the rear used for 
 warehouse purposes, and a place for storing the heav- 
 iest portion of the stock. Hardware of all kinds, and 
 for all purposes ; Cutlery of the best and most reliable 
 makes. Iron and Steel, Oils, Paints and Glass, all go to 
 make up one of the best assorted stocks carried by any 
 house in the trade, iu the Lehigh Valley. 
 
 Builders, Carpenters, and iu fact every business man 
 is brought every day to feel the convenience of a store 
 of this character, and it is needless to say the trade is a 
 large one, Lumber and Stove Coal may be mentioned 
 as a feature of the business from which a large amount 
 of trade is derived, and which is conducted with equal 
 satisfaction to the public. Mr. J. L. Gabel belongs to 
 the class of so-called self-made men, and to his own 
 pluck, energy and enterprise, are his mercantile pur- 
 suits successful. With a mind equal to the emergen- 
 cies demanded by business, he is enabled to watch the 
 markets intelligently, and purchase goods at the most 
 advantageous times. By a system of generous business 
 principles, and a courteous, gentlemaidy demeanor, he 
 is held in high esteem by the people of the town. 
 
 .\s a private citizen, he is known and highly regard- 
 ed by all and not a little of the prosperity of the town 
 is due to Mr. J. L. Gabel. 
 
 C. T. HORN, M. D., 
 
 DRUCiGisT, Bank Street, Lehighton. 
 
 Established many years ago, and conducted ably and 
 skillfully, this .store has grown to be an important fac- 
 tor in mercantile affairs of Lehighton. Since 1879, how- 
 ever, at which time Dr. Horn became proprietor of this 
 establishment, the affairs of the house have more rapid- 
 ly developed, than at any period since its inception. — 
 Situated iu amply quarters in Lenckel's Block, in the 
 centre of the town, in point of convenience and facilities 
 for the prosecution of business the store is unsurpassed. 
 Purity iu drugs and medical compounds is a specialty 
 which Dr. Horn, has built a reputation uv>on, and to 
 which system he readily adheres. In stock he carries a 
 full line of Chemicals, Patent Medicines, l)rug^, Sun- 
 dries, and such goods as are usually carried by metro, 
 politan drug stores. The componndintrof physicians' 
 prescriptions and family receipts, is a feature in which 
 Dr. Horn takes special aim to excell. Nothing but strict- 
 ly pure and fresh drugs are ever permitted to enter 
 into any of his prescriptions, compounds, or family re- 
 ceipts. In fact, there is no room in the store for any 
 inferior goods. The stock is bought only from strictly 
 reliable houses, and Dr. Horn being a practical druggist 
 is capable of making his selections intelligently. 
 
 In addition to the drug business he carries a full line 
 of Wall Papers, including the newest and neatest pat- 
 terns, in which business he enjoys a large trade. Dr. 
 Horn is a graduate of the College of Physicians and- 
 Surgeons. at Baltimore, and is a regular practicing phy- 
 sician. Possessing a thorough knowledge of medicine, 
 and the laws upon which it is administered, he :s not 
 only the more capable physician, but the better quali- 
 fied druggist. He is a native of Lehighton. 
 
174 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LKlIKill VATJ.EY, 
 
 H. H. PETERS, 
 
 Mkrciiant Tailor, P. O. Building, Lehighton 
 
 As varied as are the tastes of the public upon mat- 
 ters pertaining to wearing apparal, so varied must be 
 the resources of the successful merchant tailor of the 
 present day, to meet the wants of his patrons; and mer- 
 chant tailoring is assuming a degree of perfection that 
 will ere long give it the dignity of a profession. The 
 people of Lehighton and surrounding country are par- 
 ticularly fortunate in having in their midst Mr. H. H. 
 Peters, one of the best tailors in this section of thecoun- 
 try, for in him they will find a servant ever ready to cater 
 to their needs and demands. Mr. Peters occupiesamost 
 desirable store room, facing upon Bank street, in the 
 Post Office building, in the centre of the town, where 
 he prosecutes his business in a creditable and highly 
 satisfactory manner. He eraploys about fifteen assist- 
 ants, skillful and competent during the season, a fact 
 which will give an idea of the popularity of his cloth- 
 ing, and the amount of trade he enjoys. He carries a 
 large assortment of imported and domestic cloths and 
 cassimeres, suitings, vestings, and everything desirable 
 or obtainable in the trade. 
 
 Particular attention is given the fitting and cutting 
 of goods, while the trimming and finishing of suits are 
 done in a manner that cannot but commend them to 
 aU under whose notice they may be brought. Mr. 
 Peters keeps apace with the styles and demands of the 
 period, and takes great pride in the quality and appear- 
 ance of the clothing he turns out. He has held the re- 
 : ponsible position of postmaster of Lehighton for a 
 
 number of years, discharging the duties of his trust 
 with care, discretion and satisfaction 
 
 MOSES HEILMAN, 
 
 Merchant Miller, Bank Street, LKHKiHTON. 
 
 Among the land marks of Lehighton, there is none 
 more familiar to the oldest inhabitants of this section 
 than the mill property of Moses Heilman. For nearly 
 a century past the site has been occupied as a mill, and 
 here some of the first settlers brought their grain to have 
 it converted into flour and meal. Time and the demands 
 of the public necessitating greater facilities, the old mill 
 gave way to a new building of modern structure, jjro- 
 vided with new and improved conveniences. The mill 
 has three run of burrs, with ample water power for 
 their successful operation, beside all the modern appli- 
 ances for the production of first-class flour. Built in 
 1847, the facilities have been frequently improved by 
 the addition of new machinery, until now it is one of 
 the most complete mills in this part of the State. Giv- 
 ing the utmost attention to the business in all its de- 
 tails, the mill has acquired the reputation of producing 
 the best flour to be obtained in the country. A store 
 house was established in 1867, on Bank street, wherein 
 the product of this mill are kept in quantities sufficient 
 to meet the wants of the public. 
 
 Moses Heilman is a man practical in the business, 
 and devotes his entire time to the operation of its affairs. 
 He is known and highly respected by the entire com- 
 munity, and is a straightforward, energetic buslncs 
 maa. 
 
MSUCH CHUNK. 
 
 HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH OF THIS PROMINENT COAL AND RAILROAD 
 CENTRE A WONDERFULLY-BUILT TOWN, AND SURROUNDED BY RO- 
 MANTIC SCENERY A REVIEW OF ITS BUSINESS INTERESTS. 
 
 Upon the right bank of the river Lehigh, forty- 
 six miles frona Easton, one hundred and twenty- 
 one miles from New York, and eighty-nine 
 miles from Philadelphia, is located the romantic 
 town of Mauch Chunk*. The borough takes its 
 name from a contiguous mountain, some six 
 luindred feet in height, which over-looks it from 
 the east, called by the Indian hunters of by-gone 
 years, "Machk TscMink," and is one of the most 
 conspicious and abrupt elevations connected with 
 the surrounding country. 
 
 The town is situated in the deep, narrow, and 
 tortuous valley of the Lehigh at one of its 
 many curved angles, and on the west side of the 
 stream, which, at this point, just before its course 
 changes from a southerly to an easterly direction, 
 is from ten to twelve rods wide. The place is 
 literally surrounded and hemmed in by moun- 
 tains, and unapproachable except by mountain 
 roads, the Lehigh Valley Canal from the South- 
 east, and Lehigh Valley and New Jersey Central 
 Railroads from thesame direction, and also from 
 theXorth— the two former following the curves 
 of the mountain and river, on the east side of the 
 valley, and the latter on the west. 
 
 The four principal mountains in the near 
 vicinity of the borough are Bear Mountain oji 
 the east, Mauch Chunk on the south and west, 
 Mount Pisgah on the northwest, and Broad 
 Mountain on the north. These romantic high- 
 lands, ranging from six hundred to one thousand 
 feet above the Lehigh, descend so abruptly to the 
 water's edges, that the railway tracks have been 
 cleft, as a matter of necessity, through and along 
 their lower edges, and are siipported in different 
 places on solid and massive piers of stone mas- 
 
 *Thi3 singular name is of Aboriginal or Indian origin, 
 and signifies "Bear Mountain." It should be pro- 
 nounced lis if written "Mock Chunk," although most 
 people not familiar with the locality pronounce it 
 Mau Chunk. 
 
 sonry, which have involved a vast amount of 
 money and labor. 
 
 ITS EARLY HISTORY, 
 
 Mr. E. H. Ranch, editor of the Carbon Couiity 
 Democrat, has kindly furnished us with the fol- 
 lowing epitomized history of Mauch Chunk, 
 which was read by him at the laying of the cor- 
 ner-stone of Concert Hall, August 10, 1881. 
 
 In the year 1791, a hunter named Philip Cin- 
 der, discovered a fallen tree at Summit Hill, 
 with particles of anthracite coal brought up with 
 the roots of the tree, and this was the discovery 
 of anthracite coal in this country. The coal was 
 examined and pronounced good. Two years 
 later, in 1793, "The Lehigh Coal Mine Company" 
 was formed, and they purchased from Jacob 
 Weiss the tract of laud on which the coal was 
 found. The mine, or quarry, on the top of the 
 mountain, was opened, and the sum of $26.67 
 (ten pounds) was appropriated to construct a 
 road to the landing of the Lehigh river, at a 
 place known as Mauch Chunk, which is the In- 
 dian name of Bear Mountain. But, the attempts 
 made from time to time to get the coal to mar- 
 ket by different individuals who secured leases, 
 at remunerative prices, proved fruitless, owing 
 chiefly to the rocky bed of the river. The orig- 
 inators of this company were John Nicholson, 
 Michael Hilligas and Charles Cist. In 1813 the 
 company executed a lease to Messrs. Miner, Cist 
 and Robinson, who dispatched five ark loads 
 from the landing, but only two of them 
 reached Philadelphia and the other three wreck- 
 ed on the passage down. The coal at Philadel- 
 phia sold for $21 per ton, but even that price 
 failed to remunerate. 
 
 Josiah White and Erskine Hazard, proprietors 
 of a wire mill at Falls of Schuylkill, Philadel- 
 phia, resolved to try the use of anthracite, and 
 Mr. F. A. Hauto, who was reputed wealthy, visi- 
 
176 
 
 RESOURrES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 ted the Lehigh region and secured a lease from 
 the Lehigh Voul Mine Company for twenty years. 
 They obtained an act of tlie Legishiture author- 
 izing tlieni to improve the Lehigli river, includ- 
 ing the right to construct a slackwater naviga- 
 tion to the lumbering region in the vicinity of 
 White Haven. At this time there was no hu- 
 man habitation in the Lehigh Valley between 
 Mauch Chunk and White Haven, and thirteen 
 houses constituted all the settlements down the 
 valley as far as the Lehigh (iaji. 
 
 Messrs. White and Hazanl, who were the real 
 business pioneers, ne.xt jtroceeded to raise $50,- 
 000 stock subsc'riptions to the enterprise of im- 
 proving the Lehigh. Some of the subscribers to 
 the enterprise of improving the river had no 
 faith in coal, but were influenced by the prospect 
 of a profitable lumber trade. Tlie company thus 
 formed in 1818 was called the "Lehigh Navigation 
 Company," and a few months later, during the 
 same year, "'The Lehigh Coal Company" was 
 formed to make a good road from Summit Hill 
 to Mauch Chunk, and it was completed in 1819. 
 It was regularly graded with a view of laying 
 rails at a later period if deemed expedient. The 
 original "Lehigh Cual Mine Company" not hav- 
 ing accomplished anything, became extinct. In 
 April. 1820, the two Companies united under 
 the name and title of "The Lehigh Coal and 
 Navigation Company," and $20,000 additional 
 stock was sold, the greater part of it bought by 
 Messrs. White and Hazard. This was followed 
 by additional river improvements, and during 
 the year named, 3G5 tons of coal were sent to 
 Philadelphia. The improvements were continued 
 and the tonnage, as well as the demand for coal 
 -increased. In 1821 the coal sent amounted to 
 1078 tons; and in 1822 it increased to 2,240 tons. 
 The boats then used consisted of square boxes or 
 arks, 16 to 18 feet wide and 20 to 25 feet long. 
 Two of them were joined together by hinges to 
 allow them to bend up or down in passing dams 
 or sluices. Boats of this kind were used until 
 1831. They could not be brought back, and 
 after making the trip to Philadeliihia they were 
 broken up and the plank sold. 
 
 In 1826 the tonnage amounted to 31,000 tons, 
 and then the Company resolved to construct the 
 gravity railroad from the Summit Hill mines 
 down to Maucli Chunk, and the work was com- 
 pleted in 1827. Next followed the Panther 
 Creek Railroad, being an extension from Sum- 
 mit Hill into Panther Creek Valley, also by grav- 
 itation, with two inclined planes to draw the 
 coal from the valley up to Summit Hill. This 
 was known as the Switch-back Railroad by 
 '. reason of self-acting switches to enable the empty 
 cars to run down ziz-zag into the valley. In run- 
 ning the coal from Summit Hill to Mauch 
 ^Chunk a special car was provided for mules, 
 who was required to work their passage back to 
 ■the mines, drawing the empty cars after them. 
 
 In 1827, the capital stock of the Company was 
 increased to half a million dollars, and it was 
 dei-ided to construct a i)erfect canal, and the 
 w<_irk was pushed forward and finislied in 182!) — 
 under the suprintendance of Josiah White. 
 
 In 1831 a five mile long Railroad was con- 
 structed from the Landing, one mile above M;uuh 
 Cliunk to Room Run Mines, at Nesquehoning. 
 In 1835 the Company secured the service of Edwin 
 A. Douglas as Superintendent and Engineer, and 
 the work of extending the canal to White Haven 
 was put under contract, and in due time com- 
 l^leted. In 1837 an act passed the Legislature, 
 authorizing the Company to construct a Railroad 
 to connect the canal at White Haven with North 
 Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal at 
 Wilkes-Barre. On January 1st, 1850, the capital 
 stock of the L. C. & N. C. amounted to $1,503,550 ; 
 the permanent loans $4,011,503, making a total of 
 $5,575,053. 
 
 The Company met with severe loss by a de- 
 structive freshet in 1841, but the damages were 
 speedily repaired, and the Company continued to 
 prosper. 
 
 In 1845 Josiah White projected the "Back- 
 track" railway, also by gravitation, to run the 
 empty cars from Mauch Chunk back to Summit 
 Hill. The Mount Pisgah inclined plane was 
 constructed, 2,308 feet long and 660 feet per- 
 Ijendicular lift. The cars were drawn up by a 
 stationary engine, thence by a gi-adual descent 
 seven miles and by a similar plane 1,700 feet 
 long and 470 feet lift, up Mount Jefferson, land- 
 ing at the Summit Hill mines. 
 
 The construction of the Nesquehoning Valley 
 Railroad, with tunnel into Panther Creek Valley, 
 rendered the original gravitation road from Sum- 
 mit Hill to Mauch Chunk, the Back-track and 
 the Switch-back, useless to the coal carrying 
 business, but owing to their novelty they are 
 kept up to the present day as a pleasure route, 
 except the Switch-back, which was since taken 
 up and has now no existance except in name. It 
 imow owned by the New Jersey Central Rail- 
 rjad, and run by a private party. 
 
 The Beaver Meadow Railroad was finished in 
 1836 — from Parryville, seven miles below Mauch 
 Chunk, up to the Beaver Meadow Mines. The 
 Hazleton Railroad was constructed about the 
 same time, connecting with the Beaver Meadow 
 at Weatherly. 
 
 The Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company 
 then resolved to obtain the necessary legislation 
 to abandon the canal above Mauch Chunk and 
 construct, in lieu thereof, a railroad, which plan 
 was carried out, and the road was extended to 
 Easton, and subsequently leased to the Central 
 Railroad Company of New Jersey 
 
 The proposed site for the town soon after the 
 beginning of the improvements for the canal, 
 was occupied by several houses, but all con- 
 structed to accommodate the circumstances of the 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 177 
 
 ■Jahoring community, and witli les.srcjiardto taste 
 and elegance, than convenienee and economy. 
 In 1832 Maucli Chunk contained aliout one hun- 
 dred and fifty dwellings and shops of almost 
 every description. The dependence of the Coal 
 and Navigation Company at that time, at and 
 qeiir Mauch Chunk, gave employment to about 
 four liundred men, principally miners. At about 
 this time the great improvements of this com- 
 ]>any were brought to a conclusi(jn, and from 
 that time to tlie present, the town has continued 
 to increase, until it has justly acquired the celeb- 
 rity of an active business place, as well as 
 become a fashionable and favorite summer re- 
 sort. 
 
 INCORPORATION OF THE TWO BOUOUCxHS. 
 
 Mauch Chunk was incorporated as a borough in 
 1851, and that portion on the left bank, now 
 known as East Mauch Chunk, was raised into a 
 borough about 1866. The former is the seat of 
 Justice of Carbon County, and upon the main 
 street is now situated the court-house, a com- 
 manding structure. The county jail is compar- 
 atively a new building, and has become noted as 
 the scene of the hanging of several MoUie INIa- 
 guires, at the time this organization created such 
 consternation throughout the coal region a few 
 years ago. 
 
 THK GREAT FRESHET. 
 
 The Lehigh river above Mauch Chunk, during 
 most of the year, appears to be little more than 
 an overgrown brook, which pursues its course in 
 the most eratic manner imaginable. It is ever a 
 restless, turbulent stream, running swiftly, and at 
 no point presenting an appearance; of sluggishness 
 but when the snows upon the mountains melt in 
 the spring and swell its waters, it becomes a 
 raging torrent and capable of doing much mis- 
 chief. Prior to 1862 the Lehigh Coal and Navi- 
 gation Company made tlie river subservient to 
 their interests, and utilized it for canal and slack- 
 water navigation to White Haven, which was 
 then the shipping point for coal of the Wyoming 
 Valley. In the spring of 1862 the dam at White 
 Haven gave away, and the cataract rolled in 
 resistless, constantly increasing volume down the 
 valley. Within a few hours all the improve- 
 ments on the river were swept away, and those 
 hot ween Mauch Chunk and "White Haven were 
 never replaced. Immense damage to property 
 in Mauch Chunk also resulted from the disaster, 
 the angry flood rising as high as the second story 
 of the Mansion House. Many lives were lost 
 during the freshet. In 1S69 another freshet oc- 
 curred, which was less destructive. 
 
 POPUL.VriON. 
 
 In 1830 the population of the town was 700; in 
 1840,1,200; 1850, 2,557; 1860, 5,500; 1870, 7,000; 
 and in 1880, the old borough, (.Mauch Chunk), 
 has 5,210, and the new one, (East Mauch Chunk) 
 .•S,841, making a total in tlie town of 9,051, which 
 
 seems an increditable number, when the limited 
 space built upon is taken into consideration. 
 
 THE TOWN OF TO-DAY. 
 
 When the visitor lands in Mauch Chunk, for 
 the first time, after passing through the magnifi- 
 cent scenery of its railway approaches, from 
 either direction, he looks around him in utter 
 amazement and feels as if he had been suddenly 
 set down in some foreign land among scenes 
 wholly unlike any he has ever before seen on this 
 side of the Atlantic, and can scarcely realise that 
 he is in a secluded inland town of Eastern Penn- 
 sylvania. If he arrives by the Lehigh Valley 
 Railway, on reaching the platform at the depot 
 and facing west, he at once obtains a view worth 
 coming a htindred miles to see. On his right 
 hand, and towering almost above his head, is 
 Bear Mountain, clothed in fresh foliage and 
 verdure, if in summer ; or in leafless and subdueil 
 grace or mantled with snow, if in winter, with a 
 sufficient growth of evergreens torender the view 
 a pleasing and agreeable one. On his left and 
 sweeping around to his front, on the opposite 
 side of the winding Lehigh, and only twenty or 
 thirty rods away, lumes up, to the very clouds, 
 Mauch Chunk or South Mountain, more than 
 nine hundred feet high, and so steep that an as- 
 cent, even on foot, seems nearly impossible; 
 while to the northwest, beyond the most singular 
 and irregular looking village on which liis be- 
 wildered vision ever fell, is seen the summit of 
 Mount Pisgah, and the chimneys of the steam- 
 power which elevates the cars and passengers of 
 that modern miracle of genius up the half-mile 
 inclined plane, at the top of which commences 
 the six-mile gravity-run to the foot of Mount 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Above the bridge connecting the depot of the 
 valley road with the town, is a high dam, 
 which was constructed for slack water and canal 
 navigation purposes, over which the current falls 
 in an unbroken sheet, flecking the stream below 
 with dancing masses of foam. 
 
 From the river stretches the leading street of 
 the town, hemmed in on each side by mountains 
 which scarcely leave room for the houses, in 
 many places the rear end of the garden being fifty 
 feet or more above the level of the street. Ap- 
 parently when the town outgrew the limits of 
 this street, and the other along the river, the 
 residents were compelled to seek other land, and 
 a flat piece about 250 feet up the hill, was bu>ilt 
 upon, and now called Upper Mauch Chunk. 
 
 EAST MAUCU CHo'NK. 
 
 Upon a beautiful plane on the opposite side of 
 the river, there is now a handson\e borougii, 
 known as East Mauch Chunk, and incorporated 
 as such about fourteen years ago. This spot, 
 the largest piece of land in the vicinity, and even 
 this is limited, and in most sections would be 
 considered as elevated. This borough will, prob- 
 
178 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY, 
 
 ably, in the course of a few years, lead her older 
 sister in population, but not for many years, in 
 business and wealth. The town has an excellent 
 supply of water, being derived from a natural 
 spring, and distributed over the borough by 
 pipes, direct from the source, without the use or 
 necessity of a reservoir. The two boroughs of 
 Mauch Chunk and East Mauch Chunk, are closely 
 allied and we will hereafter txeat of the commu- 
 nity as one. 
 
 THE COAL INTEREST. 
 
 The inception oftlietown is owing entirely to 
 the discovery of coal, and everything at the pres- 
 ent time is subordinated to this great interest. 
 Here is the coal shipping point for a vast extent 
 of country, and here at all times may be seen the 
 continual moving trains of the two railroads, 
 freighted with the "dusky diamonds" from the 
 bowels of the earth. Here are the offices of the 
 Lehigh Coal and Navigation Comjjany, who 
 were the pioneers in this great coal region, and 
 to whose herculean and undefatigable efforts in 
 the early history, is due the prosperity to a great 
 extent of the present town. At this point be- 
 gins the canal, that, while carrying considerable 
 less quanity of coal than the railroad, is still an 
 important factor in getting to market one of the 
 greatest elements of our State's wealth. 
 
 THE LATE HON. ASA PACKER. 
 
 While this name is the property of the whole 
 valley and State, to serve an honor, it be- 
 longs to Mauch Chunk to be the immediate 
 scene of his labors. Early in the stage of im- 
 provements inaugurated by him, lie took up his 
 residence in the place, and was up to the time of 
 his death, the controlling spirit of the town's 
 being. His fine home occupies a commanding 
 site overlooking the river and the great enter- 
 prise that he brought to successful life — the Le- 
 high Valley Eailroad, while almost over the top 
 of the house is the cemetery wherein lies his re- 
 mains. Asa Packer is a name that is stamped 
 indellibly among those of the greatest men of 
 the Commonwealth, not only for the wonderful 
 success secured in the building and manage- 
 ment of the great road of the valley, but 
 the many benevolent acts that marked as mile- 
 stones his entire life. 
 
 CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, AC. 
 
 St. Mark's Episcopal Church. — The first Epis- 
 copal services held in Mauch Chunk were by 
 William H. Sayre, who came here from Phila- 
 delphia in 1829. They were held in an old 
 school house on Broadway, above Quarry street. 
 The first service held by a clergyman— Rev. 
 James A. May, of Wilkes-Barre, was November 
 ■23, 1834. The Parish was organized May 17, 1835. 
 The first rector was Rev. Richard F. Burnham. 
 The original church edifice was occupied for 
 tlie first time on Christmas day, 1848. Consecra- 
 ted by Right Rev. Alonzo Potter, D. D., July 13, 
 1852. The church edifice was rebuilt in 1867 and 
 
 the present one erected at a cost of about $70,000:. 
 The chime of bells were placed in the tower !r„ 
 1876, at a cost of $3,508. In 1880 the family 
 of Asa Packer, who died May 19, 1879, erecled to 
 his memory the stone Altar and Reredos. In 1881 
 Mrs. Sarah M. Packcsr erected the stone parish 
 building, also as a memorial to her husband, 
 Asa Packer. Rector, Rev. Marcus Alden Tol- 
 man. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church— The first house 
 of worship was erected in 1833 ; the second in 1843 
 and the third, now in use, in 1873. The present 
 pastor is Rev. E. H. Hoffman. 
 
 Presbyterian Church. — Present house of wor- 
 ship completed in 1858. The first pastor of the 
 church was Rev. Richard Webster. Present^pa'?- 
 tor. Rev. Edsel Ferrier. 
 
 Catholic — Church of the Immaculate Concep- 
 tion. Erected in 1848. Rev. Father M. A. 
 Brunce, pastor. 
 
 Evangelical^Zion's Church. House of wor- 
 ship, built in 1869; Rev. D. S. Stauffer, ].a^- 
 tor. 
 
 Lutheran — St. John's Church. House of wor- 
 ship now used built in 1877. Pastor, Rev. J, 
 Lindenstruth. 
 
 At this time there are 13 schools — 7 in the 
 First and 6 in the Second Ward. Whole num- 
 ber of scholars enrolled during the year, 987 : of 
 which number 510 are males, and 447 females. 
 The Board of Directors are A. W. Butler, Presi- 
 dent ; Robert Q. Butler. Secretary ; Douglas Mc- 
 Lean, Treasurer; William C. Morris, Jr., H. F. 
 Kneal and Charles Noast. Amount of taxes for 
 1880, $5,026.34. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The borough of Mauch Chunk contains three 
 weekly newspapers, as follows : 
 
 The Mauch Chunk Coal Gazette, published by 
 0. B. Singley and assisted editorially by H. A. 
 Van Fredenberg. 
 
 The Munch Chunk Democrat, published and 
 edited by Jos. Lynn. 
 
 The Carbon Countij Democrat, published and 
 edited by E. H. Ranch, assisted by his son, 
 Lawrence L. Ranch. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The town well supports a number of societies, 
 their names being as follows : 
 
 Lodge No. 242, Free and Accepted Masons ; 
 Lilly Cha^jter, R. A. Masons ; Packer Command'y 
 Sir Knight Templar ; Mauch Chunk Lodge No. 
 76, Independent Order of Odd Fellows ; Carbon 
 Encampment No. 21 ; Norma Grove No. 25 
 Order of Druids; Carbon County Council No. 
 65 Order of United American Mechanics : Mt. 
 Pisgah Council No. 123 Junior Order of United 
 American Mechanics ; Chapman Post No. 61 
 Grand Army of the Republic; Mauch Chunk 
 Council No. 127^ Royal Arcanium ; Onoko 
 Lodge No. 77, Knights of Honor, Mauch Chunk 
 Lodge No. 193 Knights of Pythias ; Mt. Pisgah 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 179 
 
 Lodge No. 259, Knights and Ladies of Honor ; 
 Oadets ofTeniperanco; Immaculate Conception 
 Total Abstinence Society ; Kossuth Lodge No. 36, 
 D. 0. Harnigari ; Minerva Lycuin. 
 
 FIRE COMPANIES. 
 
 Tlie excellent supply of water enables Mauch 
 Ohunkf to ' f^ucce^bfully battle with the lire ele- 
 ment, the natural fall being sufficient to force the 
 water over the roofs of the highest houses. On 
 the 15th of July, 1849, the town was visited by 
 the most serious tire in its history, destroying 
 .some twenty-five buildings, and causing a loss of 
 about $150,000. . The water-works were not then 
 completed. The fire companies of the borough 
 .ire as follows: Marion Hose No. 1, with Steamer; 
 Phojuix Hose Company No. 2; Diligent Hose No. 
 3; Rescue Hook and Ladder Company No. 1. 
 
 B.\NKING INSTITUTIONS, ETC. 
 
 The Banking Institutions are: First National 
 iJank— President, A. W. Leisenring; Cashier, A. 
 W. Butler; Teller, Edgar Twining; General Book- 
 keeper, W. R. Butler; Clerk, Ira Ross. Second 
 National Bank— President, T. L. Foster; Cashier, 
 James M. Dreisbach. Banking House of G. B. 
 Linderman & Co. — Samuel S. Smith, Cashier. 
 
 Other corporations, &c. — The Mauch Chunk 
 Water Company — President, Robert Klotz; Se- 
 cretary, Samuel S. Smith; Treasurer, C. 0. Skeer. 
 The Mauch Chunk Gas Company — A. G. Brod- 
 Uead, Jr., President; Secretary and Treasurer, 
 Samuel S. Smith. 
 
 COXCEKT HALL. 
 
 The liberality and public spirit of a few of the 
 prominent business men of Mauch Chunk, is 
 giving tlie town what will be when completed, 
 one of the finest public halls in the State. 
 
 The corner-stone was laid with due ceremony 
 August 10, 1881, and the building will be rapidly 
 pushed to completion. It is located on the site 
 of the old market, and will be a handsome and 
 imposing structure of brick, with stone trim- 
 mings, and will cost, when finished, about 
 $26,000. This cost is borne entirely by private 
 .gentlemen who receive from the borough five 
 per cent, interest on tlie cost for ten years, at 
 the end of which time the building becomes the 
 absolute jn-operty of the borough. In the mean 
 time the entire income, as well as the manage- 
 ment of the building, is in the hands of the 
 borough Council. A market-house will occupy 
 [he entire ground floor, admirably adapted to the 
 pur])ose, and nuiking one of the finest building.s 
 for the purpose in this part of the State. 
 
 The hall will have a seating capacity of 650, 
 provided with improved folding chaii-s, and 
 elegantly appointc<l in every resi)cct. The stage 
 is 28 feet deei) — the full width of the building. 
 When completed. Concert Hall will be an or- 
 nament to the town, and a lasting monument to 
 the public spirit ami liberality of the men who 
 have so generou-^lv <i>iili'il)uied to its erection. 
 
 ITS ATTRACTIONS FOR TOURISTS. 
 
 We conclude the sketch of Mauch Chunk with 
 the following, which was written evidently by a 
 person thoroughly acquainted with the beauties 
 of the scenery of the town and surrounding 
 country. The subject is full of interest, and 
 justice could scarcely be done it, in a space so 
 limited as that at our command : 
 
 "Mauch Chunk in itself has many attractions; 
 the streets are broad and clean, the pavements 
 wide and kept in good order, and, what is a great 
 acquisition to any place, is its system of sewerage;'' 
 the Mauch Chunk creek, which runs parallel with 
 the principal street, and which is arched over the 
 greater part of the distance, prevents the accumu- 
 lation of any matter deleterious to health ; add to 
 tliis an abundant supply of the purest spring 
 water, which is introduced throughout most of 
 the dwellings ; the streets, stores, hotels, and 
 private houses lighted with gas ; the beautiful 
 walks, the pleasant drives, the excellent carriage 
 roads, the gravity railroads, and above all the 
 good fellowship, the genial hospitality, the quick 
 intellect, the rapid appreciation, and the racy 
 humor of its citizens — all tend to lead one to the 
 opinion as expressed by a celebrated man, who 
 annually visits the place, ' That Mauch Chunk 
 has no duplicate upon earth, so decided are its 
 peculiarities' ; it lies in what has hai)pily been 
 called 'The Switzerland of Pennsylvania.' It is 
 a place which everybody has visited, will visit, or 
 ought to visit. You may have fleeted your hour 
 at Saratoga, stood wonder stricken over Niagara 
 Falls, sailed over all the lakes and what not in 
 the country; you may have made a tour to 
 Europe, circumnavigated the globe, but after all, 
 if you have not passed through the Lehigh Gap, 
 tarried at Mauch Chunk, and been whirled down 
 the mountain and up the planes to the summit, 
 you have not seen everything by a great sight. 
 In short, you must either go to Mauch Chunk, 
 or forego all claim to the character of a finished 
 tourist." 
 
 In connection with Mauch Chunk, one of the 
 most interesting points is to the well-known 
 
 SWITCHBACK. 
 
 This is the title, by courtesy, of the famous 
 Mi. Pisgah Gravity Railroad. The engineering 
 feature which gave rise to its peculiar appelation 
 has long since been supereeded by a curving and 
 continuous route. 
 
 The Switchback road was built for the pur- 
 pose of taking coal over the mountain to the 
 shipping port of Mauch Chunk. Since the 
 completion of the Nesquehoning tunnel, however, 
 comparatively little coal has been sent over its 
 tracks, and is now chiefly used for plea.-<ure trips. 
 
 Upon the arrival of every train, coaches are in 
 vaiting to convey visitors to the foot of the first 
 incline. Good pedestrians will find it agreeable 
 to take the short cut afoot, pa.^sing up the stone 
 
180 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALI.EY. 
 
 steps at the terminus of the river front street, 
 wliiJe the coach pursues a much longer route up 
 the mountain road and through Upper Mauch 
 Chunk. 
 
 Near the foot of the incline are found sjiacious 
 summer cars. After "all aboard !" has been 
 sounded, the brakes are slackened, and the cars 
 runs per force of gravitation to the immediate foot 
 of the incline, which stretches away one thousand 
 three hundred and twenty-two feet above, 
 to an apparently diminutive engine house flanked 
 by a couple of smoke-stacks, where the motive 
 power is hidden which lifts the car to the top. 
 From out of a pit, between the rails of our track, 
 a compact and deliberate little affair, known as 
 the "barney," rises and sets its nose against the 
 rear of the car. It is fitted with safety appli- 
 ances, and should the iron band which runs over 
 the circular blocks, or any of the machinery 
 above break from any cause, the "barney" would 
 "stop short," and tliecar would still be safe. 
 
 The ascent, at an angle of perhaps forty-five 
 degrees, is certainly novel and exliilirating. As 
 we mount rapidly, the three Mauch Chunks re- 
 veal themselves beneath us, the sinuosities of tlie 
 Lehigh shape their configuration far below on 
 either hand, while long and snake-like coal trains 
 creep along the bordering tracks. 
 
 Far away to the hills of the Delaware and be- 
 yond, the great billowing mountains heave in 
 Titanic grandeur until lost from very distance. 
 The tourist may see, in clear weather, not only the 
 Delaware Water Gap, but Schooley's mountain, 
 in New Jersey, sixty miles away, and he is face 
 to face with much of nature's boldest work. He 
 realizes how futile, after all, is the dominion of 
 man, and how small the real lodgement he has 
 upon the face of the earth. The reverie is broken, 
 just here, by the conductor's warning voice, and 
 in another moment, the car is off again. 
 
 GLKN ONOKO. 
 
 can be reached from Mauch Clmnk in afew min- 
 utes by trains, almost any hour of the day. 
 
 The great jiopuhirity of the limestone glens of 
 Central New York, prompted the Lehigli 
 Valley Railroad Comimny to develop the dell, 
 which was formerly known as Moore's Ravine. 
 The patliway which leads one successfully from 
 one fine point of view to another, and over fre- 
 quent bridges of rustic timber work, is the only 
 improvement made; nature's handiwork beinL-- 
 left in its rich simplicity of form and tangle. 
 The depot itself is a rustic creation, happily ty- 
 pical of the beauties beyond. 
 
 The fir,st feature of the glen, notable as ex- 
 plorers pa.ss within its shadows, is the cool breath 
 of air flowing downward with the stream, 
 obedient to nature's laws of gravitation. 
 
 It is hardly fair to compare this glen with 
 those of Watkins and Havana. It is the differ- 
 ence of a pastoral and a soul-stirring anthem. 
 Each developes beauties peculiar to itself, while 
 the view — when one has once attained Packer's 
 Point — is confessedly superior. Glen Onoko is a 
 casket of nature's gems, such as Herzog knows 
 how to paint so well. 
 
 Its several cascades are christened in a nomen- 
 clature expressive, in a falicitous way, of their 
 beauties. So we have "Hidden Sweet," "Crys- 
 tal," "Moss," "Spectre," "Elfin," and "Terrace" 
 Cascades, as Avell as the "Lover's Bath," "Pulpit 
 Rocks," "Heart of the Glen," tlie beautiful "Cha- 
 melon," "Home of the Mist," and "Onoko 
 Falls." 
 
 It is a hard task indeed to say which of all 
 these is the more worthy of admiration. Each 
 in turn will have it's meed of praise. 
 
 JOHN H. FAGA, 
 
 Sewing Machines and Organs. 
 
 The sales of sewing machines in all parts of the United 
 States has increased, until at the present time their pro- 
 duction is one of the most important industries in the 
 manufacturing line. Mr. Faga has been engaged in ca- 
 tering to the wants of the people of Mauch Chunk and 
 vicinity in this branch of business for seven years, and 
 now occupies a desirable store at No. 50 Susquehanna 
 street. He makes a business of supplying any machine 
 wanted, and has usually in store, the Domestic, Howe, 
 American, Household, Davis. Wilson and New Home. 
 He is also local agent for the well-known Wliite Ma- 
 chine, and keeps in stock a complete assortment of 
 sewing machine attachments and supplies of all kinds, 
 a feature of great convenience to the p\iblic. 
 
 Mr. Faga is also a dealer in Organs, and has placed 
 several iu families about Mauch Chunk. 
 
 He has the advantage of being a good mechanic, as 
 well as a first class operator, and thoroughly understands 
 the machiue business in all its branches. He devotes 
 his entire attention to the details of his trade, and his 
 customers may place entire depeudeuce on his repre- 
 sentations. 
 
 Mr. Faga is particularly adapted to the business in 
 
 which he is engaged, and is a courteous and pleasant: 
 gentleman. 
 
 HOOVEN BROS, 
 
 East Mauch Chunk. 
 
 The most enterprising merchants of this thrifty little 
 town, are Messrs Hooveu Bros, who opened their model 
 store iu 1874, at a very desirable location on the corner 
 of Centre and Fourth streets. The store embraces an 
 unusually complete assortment of the extensive class 
 of goods needed in a general stock, all of which are 
 selected with care and judgment, and well calculated 
 to meet the wants of their trade. No dead stock can be 
 found on their shelves or counters, but a desirable as- 
 sortment of staple and fancy Dry Goods, Groceries and 
 and Notions, can be found here always,, and at reason- 
 able prices. 
 
 They also carry an extensive s'.o<>k of Drugs, Chemi- 
 cals, and Proprietary Medicines, 4h,e quality of which 
 can be depended upon. Under the management of 
 these young men the store iseujoying more thau an or- 
 dinary degree of prosperity, and the proprietors are 
 gentlemen with whom it is a pleasure to transjict busi- 
 ness. 
 
RESOTTRCKS OF THE I.EHIGH VAT,I.EY. 
 
 181' 
 
 WHITNEY & KRMMERER, 
 
 MiNKKs AND Shippers OF Coal, Offices, Mauoh 
 Chunk and 137 South Second St., PHii.ADKi.PHiA- 
 
 There is no other section of country in the United 
 States richer in the production of coal than the far- 
 famed Lehigh Valley. The tbrinatiou of the coal iu 
 thi.s section is somewhat peculiar, and is regarded by 
 the trade as superior to that mined in any other fields 
 of the State. The rapid development and growth made 
 in the trade during the past ten years is an item of in- 
 terest to every one residing in the State, and will enter 
 as an epoch in the commercial and indastrial welfare 
 of the United Stales. Thequality of tlie ci>al produced 
 from these fields, tugctlicr witlv the excellent facilities 
 for its distribution to all points of the country are hav- 
 ing a tendency to give the product of the Lehigh Valley 
 a decided preference iu the large markets. The "Val- 
 ley" is being rapidly honeycombed with these mines and 
 shafts, and the coal produced here per annum would 
 seem if placed iu round numbers, almost incredible. 
 The coal operators of the Lehigh Valley, are as a class 
 of men conducting large business enterprises, perhaps 
 second to no other iu this country, having acquired a 
 reputation for honorable dealing, promptness iu the 
 discharge of their afl'airs and ability to furnish a supe- 
 rior article of coal, they maintain their standing through 
 the same admirable business principles. No firm or 
 company in this section of the country stands higher 
 iu the estimation of the public, or better with the trade 
 than Messrs. Whitney & Kemmerer, of Mauch Cliunk. 
 
 This firm conduct one of the largest trades in the Val- 
 ley, their annual shipments to the large markets, being 
 iu 1880, 500,01)0 tons. Messrs. Wiiitney & Kemnurer deal 
 in Upper Lehigh, Honey Brook and other first ela.ss 
 coals, and have their offices located at Mauch Chunk, 
 and at No. 137 South Second Street, Philadelphia. They 
 operate and are the sole agents for two large mines 
 known as Saudy Kun and Harleigh, which produce 
 from 12j,000 to 150,000 tons of coal per annum. About 
 four hundred men and boys are here constantly em- 
 l)li>yed, and the annual disbunsements in wages is very 
 large. All the most approved and best adapted imple- 
 ments and macliinery for the successful pro.sciution of 
 the business are enjoyed, enabling them to put the coal 
 on the market at the lowest possible cost. The Sandy 
 Kun and Harleigh coals, are known iu all parts of the 
 country, and theirgiowing popularity is manifest by the 
 increasing demand coming from all parts. 
 
 Messrs. Whitney & Kemmerer are the exclusive 
 agents at tide water for the product of the ccleiuated 
 "Upper Lehigh," "Council Uidgc," "Saudy Run," •"Buck 
 Mounlaiu" and "Ked Ash Coal Company" mines. 
 
 This firm are prompt in the shipment of their oi'ders, 
 and liberal iu business tniusactions. The iudividiHil 
 members of tiietirm are W. li. Whitney, who attends to 
 the business of the firm at the Philadelphia office, and 
 M. !?. Kemmerer, who with a host of ca, .able assistants> 
 aitendsto the interests of the firm at Mauch Chunk, 
 ;nid at the mines. Both are practical to the business, 
 noted as a firm for their honoiable dealing, and are 
 ^•ounted among the rcpresentalive coal merchants of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 M. A. ROBISON, 
 
 Mauch Chunk Stf.am Fi.ouk Mill, Susquehanna 
 
 Street and Broadway. 
 This mill has a capacity for the manufacture of thir- 
 ty-five barrels of superior family Hour per day, erected 
 more than a quarter of a century ago, and now suppli- 
 ed with all the modern conveniences and ai>i)roved ap- 
 pliances for the prosecution of the busini'ss, the mill 
 has been operated constantly. Being the only one in 
 the town, and in fact the immediate neighborhood. 
 
 it Is a great convenience to the public. The reputa- 
 tion enjoyed for mauufacluring good flour and meal, is 
 such as requires the mill to be ov>erated much of the 
 time, both night and day, in order to keep the supply 
 up to the demand. The brands of flour put upon the 
 market are well known, and need no words of com- 
 memlation at our hands, as they are used in almost 
 every household in the town, and have a large sale in 
 the surrounding country. The mill is a large building 
 with three run of stones, and other machinery Of the 
 most approved kinds. 
 
 M. a. Kobison, the agent and operator of the mill, is 
 a practical miller and a good business man. He pur- 
 chases the best quality of wheat to be obtained in the 
 market, and exerci.ses the greatest care to keep the pro- 
 duct up to a standard of uniform excellence. In all 
 the different four stages of manufacture, the operation 
 is under the supervision of careful millers. No other 
 business place in the town of Mauch Chunk is more 
 deserving of a liberal patronage than this. 
 
 C. A. REX&BRO., 
 
 Dry Goods AND GHocKRtKs, 31 Market Squarr. 
 
 Why any body should go out of Mauch Chunk for 
 any of the physicial necessaries, comforts, or even lux- 
 uries of life is hard to understand. The store of C. A. 
 Kex it Brother would be a credit to many a larger town 
 in respect to the variety, quantity aud quality of its 
 stock. This enterprise was established about fifteen 
 years ago by the present proprietors, aud under capable ■ 
 and judicious management, the business has grown 
 from a small beginning to a prosperous and rapidly in- 
 creasing trade. The store is the handsomest and most 
 Complete in town, and was built especially for the pur- 
 pose to which it is applied, is conveniently fitted aud. 
 elegantly appointed iu every particular, aud is a model- 
 of order and system. We cannot pretend to give a list 
 of go(jds kept here for sale, but they are numerous 
 enough to Mipply the waul.'s of the cntiie community. 
 Here is a large and excellently well selected a>sortment 
 of fine Dress Goods, Trimmings, Notions, White Goods,. 
 Muslins, Cambrics, Linens, Laces, Kmbroideries, Silks, 
 domestic aud a general line of ladies' fancy goods. 
 
 A hue line of fancy and staple grijceries is an import- 
 ant feature, China, Glass, Wood and Queens Ware in 
 immense variety, and hundreds of other articles go to- 
 make up such a general line of merchandise as is 
 brought into daily use in every household. This is the 
 barest outline of a stock which is depleted everyday 
 and replenished as oflen. The goods are always new 
 and fresh, and all new styles appear upon their coun- 
 ters as soon as they are offered iu the market. 
 
 A department devoted to carpets has recently been 
 added, in which they display a full Hue of Brussels and 
 Ingrain Carpets of the latest patterns in all grades, and 
 an extensive assortment of Oil Cloths, Mattings, etc. 
 The ladies will be especially interested in an elegant 
 display of Ladies' fine Musliu Underwear, which forms 
 ail important part of their stock. The goods are very 
 handsome, well-made, and ofl'ered at prices below what. 
 any lady can produce them at home. 
 
 The stock is purchased for cash, at first hands, and 
 the prices are as low as the same goods sell for iu the 
 cities. The premises arc 33x115 feet iu dimensions, aud 
 eight assistants are employed in the prompt prosecu- 
 tion of the business, which is the most important mer- 
 cantile retail trade iu the county. The individual 
 partners, Messrs. C. A. Rex and Edward Rex, are na- 
 tives of Mauch Chiuik, who familiarized themselves 
 with the business and the wants of the public by au 
 earlv and devoted apprenticrship to the trade. They 
 are regarded as business men of eiiterpiise, enei-gy aud 
 ability. Their establishment is a credit to themselves, 
 aud an honor to the town. 
 
182 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHKJH VALLEY. 
 
 MILL CREEK MINING COMPANY, 
 
 Mauoh Chunk. 
 
 The infinite importance of the mining interests of 
 Pennsylvania, and the wealth of the ores found in tliis 
 Commonwealth, have long ago attracted the attention 
 of the residents of neighboring States, and has also 
 given the different branches of manufacture a promi- 
 nence, without which, we would not have otherwise 
 obtained. Elsewhere in our work have we collective- 
 ly dwelt upon the mines, and their productions, but to 
 give the public an idea of the mineral resources of the 
 Lehigh Valley, it is our purpose to dwell briefly upon the 
 enterprises distinctly. Coal is the leading product of 
 this section of the Lehigh Valley, and the operation of 
 the mines gives profitable employment to thousands of 
 men. The coal produced in this section is of the best 
 quality, and has a standijig in the market, which is not 
 second to the product of other sections. 
 
 With an office at Mauch Chunk, the Mill Creek Coal 
 Company, operating the Middle Lehigh Mines, stands 
 prominent and prosperous in comparison with other 
 operators. This Company was organized in 1880, and 
 although young in years, has gained a reputation such 
 as some operators fail to acquire after years of business 
 transactions. This Company has eight hundred acres 
 of land under lease, and produce about 20,000 tons per 
 month. The mines are worked on a slope, the longest 
 being two miles to the face of the vein, and has four or 
 five miles of under-ground way*. Pour hundred men, 
 sixty horses and fifty mules, are employed in prosecuting 
 the enterprise, besides large engines and hoisting ap- 
 paratus. This latter consists of two one and one-third 
 inch wire cables.each one thousand feet long,drawiug to 
 the surface three cars of coal at one time. The engine 
 department includes five stationary engines, twenty- 
 five boilers, one Bull pump fifty-inch cylinder, and nine 
 additional pumps. They have one double breaker, in 
 which there are ten screens and six patent gigs. 
 
 The quality of the coal taken from this mine is rated 
 as A. No 1, with no superior in the market, and but few 
 equals. Precaution is used to have the coal in first- 
 class order when shipped to the trade, dirt and slate 
 are conspicious from their absence. 
 
 'I'he office of this Company in Mauch Chunk, is in the 
 Mansion House, and under the charge of Mr. T. F. Wal- 
 ter, through whom the coal is chiefly sold. The ship- 
 ments are chiefly over the Lehigh Valley Railroad to 
 New York, and the East, where the coal meets with a 
 ready sale. The members of this Company are Warren 
 Delano, Newberry, New York; T. F. Walter, Mauch 
 Chunk ; James S. Cox, of Orange, N. J.;N. I). Cortright, 
 Mauch Chunk; William H. Ainey, Allentown, and Jos. 
 F. Hitch, ofNew Y'ork. 
 
 There are perhaps few companies in the Valley at 
 the present time in whose welfare are interested more 
 enterprising, conscientious capitalists. They have 
 adopted a liberal basis for the business operations of 
 the aflairs, which serves to secure and maintain for 
 the Company a high-position among the operators of 
 the Lehigh Valley. Mr. T. F. Waller is interested also 
 in the Montana, Pond Creek, Middle Lehigh, and 
 Mill Hollow Coal Companies, and conducts the business 
 of the companies ably and with satisfaction. 
 
 POND CREEK COAL COMPANY, 
 
 Office Mauch Chunk, Mansion House. 
 Organized in 1879, the Pond Creek Coal Companv have 
 since that time been operating the mines near Upper 
 Lehigh. This colliery ranks among the foremost in the 
 State, and in this section enjoys an advantageous loca- 
 tion, in respect to the railroads, and the comparative 
 «ase with which it may be operated. The Company 
 
 have facilities for tlic production of 100,000 tons per 
 year, and at the rate which they were operated in 1S80, 
 reached 50,000 tons. The mines are admirably e<!uiped 
 with all the hitest improved machinery and apparatus, 
 and (me Iiundred and fifty men are constantly em- 
 ployed. The coal is shipped over the Lehigh and Sus- 
 quelianna branch of the C. R. R. of New Jersey to New 
 Y'ork and the East, wliere it finds ready sale. The 
 members of the Company are Elisha A. Packer, of New 
 Y'ork ; T. F. Walter, of Mauch Chunk, and W. D. Zehner, 
 of Lansford, Pennsylvania. Mr.T. F. Walter, of Mauch 
 Chunk, where the ofiice is .«ituated, has charge of the 
 business aft'airs of the Company. He represents several 
 ditterent companies in the .sale of the coal, beside being 
 a member of the corporations. He is a man of strict in- 
 tegrity, and familiar with the business in all its de- 
 tails and facts. 
 
 To visit the Pcjud Creek Coal Companies mines aud 
 those of the surrounding neighborhood would give one 
 a slight idea of the wealth and magnitude of the coal 
 business of the Leliigh Valley. The particular excel- 
 lence of the coal produced from these mines, and their 
 high reputation in all parts of the country make their 
 operation especially profitable. 
 
 The number of men finditigemploymentin this busi- 
 ness, and the amount of capital invested in its prosecu- 
 tion is surprisingly large. The Pond Creek Coal Com- 
 pany and its contribution to the sum total of the coal 
 trade struck the writer forcibly, and this brief descrip- 
 tion is deserved on account of their importance, and 
 the successful manner in which its aflairs are con- 
 ducted. 
 
 CHARLES M. EBERT, 
 
 Druggist, No. 23 Market Square. 
 
 The calling of the druggist and the arduous and re- 
 sponsible duties connected with the practical operation 
 of the business, requires a man of more than ordinary 
 ability. Mauch Chunk is well supplied with establish- 
 ments in this line, the oldest being that conducted by 
 Charles M. Ebert. Established in 1848 by the present 
 proprietor, the stand is one of those business places that 
 has achieved and maintains its reputation solely upon 
 the merits of the goods there dispensed. A stock of 
 pure Drugs, Medicines and Chemicals are always on 
 hand, while Toilet Articles, Druggist's Sundries, Paints, 
 Oils, etc., go to make the stock most complete. The 
 compounding of physicians' prescriptions, and family 
 recipes is a feature of the business to which especial 
 attention is paid, and great care is taken to secure tlie 
 best drugs and compounds. The store is admirably lo- 
 cated in the business portion of the community, aud is 
 conveniently arranged and adapted to the business. 
 Reposing full confidence in Mr. Ebert's ability aud skill 
 as a chemist the public liberally patronize the store. 
 Being the oldest in the town, and conducted upon a 
 liberal basis, it is daily growing in favor with the pub- 
 lic. 
 
 Mr. Ebert has resided in Mauch Chunk for many 
 years, and in mercantile and social walks of life he oc- 
 cupies an excellent position, and enjoys the confidence 
 and esteem of all. 
 
 P. F. MURRAY, 
 
 Boots and Shoes, Corner of Susquehanna and 
 
 Race Streets. 
 One of the most attractive stores on Susquehanna 
 street, is the establishment of Mr. Murray, in which an 
 extensive and attractive display of boots and shoes may 
 at all times be found. Mr. Murray occupies a stand at 
 which this trade has oeen conducted for a number of 
 years, he succeeding to the bu.siness about seven years 
 ago, and has been very successful in building up a 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VAT-LEY. 
 
 183 
 
 profitable and throwing business. His stock is well 
 selected, aud embraces a lull Hue of such goods us uio 
 called for by his trade, and an extensive stock of heavy 
 goods for men's wear. 
 
 The arrangement of the stock aud the assortment dis- 
 played indicates that Mr. Murray is well posted in the 
 line of goods he handles. 
 
 The trade includes a good show of the substantial 
 trade of the town, and extends over a large section of 
 the surrounding country. An important branch of the 
 business is the making of tine custom work to order, 
 and annually turns out a large amount of hamlsome 
 work. Two skilled workmen are always engaged in 
 this department. 
 
 Mr. Murray is very popular with his trade, and well- 
 known in the community. The store is justly a pop- 
 ular one. 
 
 KAVID TREHARN, 
 
 Dry Goods and Groceries, M.\rket Square and 
 
 su.squehanna street. 
 Conspicious among the finest ami most completely 
 stocked stores of Mauch Chunk, is that of which Mr. 
 David Treharn is the proprietor. The business was 
 originally established about thirty-two years ago, and 
 he is thus one of the oldest and best kuown.as he is one 
 of the soundest aud strongest merchants in this part of 
 the country. A first-class store in every respect, its 
 stock of goods is large and valuable, and comprises a 
 line ol Groceries, Fish, Meats, and Provisions, which a 
 large and active trade compels him to turn so often as 
 to secure a perpetually fresh condition ; a general line 
 of fancy goods and dry goods, comprising everything 
 sought alter by the ladies, carefully selected, anil from 
 the finest to medium grades, is always to be found in 
 stock. Mr. Treharn caters to a large and regular line of 
 •custom in town and country, and he knows how to 
 make it to the advantage of his customers, to continue 
 with him. 
 
 Four assistants are employed in the store in different 
 departments, all under the careful superiudeuce of the 
 proprietor. The store being a large double building, 
 and handsomely and conveniently arranged for the 
 business to which it is applied. It was the first store in 
 the place, having been started before the town had 
 gained any important size. 
 
 A. J. SMITH, 
 
 Harness, No. 40 Susquehanna Street, 
 
 The proprietor of this establishment is a native of 
 Lehigh county, and commenced business in Mauch 
 Chunk in 1877, succeeding to the business established 
 over thirty years ago by Mr. W. H. Pfister. Mr. Smith 
 is a practical saddler, and enjoys a good trade which is 
 continually growing. A full and complete stock of 
 goods in this line is kept constantly on hand, and em- 
 braces heavy and light Harness, Saddles, Bridles, Whips, 
 Blankets, Brushes, and in short Horsemen's supplies of 
 all kinds; notably an extensive assortment of particu- 
 larly fine goods, in the line of trimmings and equipments 
 Using only the best stock aud empUiying none but 
 first-class workmen, the product of this establishment is 
 noted for style, beauty of finish, and with proper care 
 will prove durable. No harness can wear well that is 
 not kept clean aud soft. 
 
 M. Smith manufactures his own Collars, thus insur- 
 ing good stock, guod work, aud careful filling, a very 
 important feature in well nuule harness. Though 
 •carrying an extensive a.ss(jrtment of work ready-made 
 which he will fully warrants, special orders are turned 
 out in short notice, made and trimmed in any style 
 desired. Mr. Smith is a good workman, and upright 
 dealer, and is meeting the . access in business atlairs 
 he justly merits. 
 
 N. D. CORTRIGHT & SON, 
 
 Wholesale Dealer.s in Lehigh, Wyoming and 
 Mahanoy Coal, Mauch Chunk. 
 
 By a formation peculiarly its own, and distinct from 
 that found in any other section, the heat producing 
 qualities of the Lehigh Valley coal are known by all 
 people familiar with it to be unsurpassed by that pro- 
 duced in any other section. N. D. Cortright& Son, of 
 Mauch Chunk, are an enterprising firm, dealing in 
 superior brands of coal, to whom much credit is due 
 for distributing and developing the coal trade of this 
 section. Occupying an advantageous location, they 
 have a decided advantage over houses who are more 
 remote from the scenes of mining operations. 
 
 Thisfirmdeal in Lehigh, Wyomingand Mahanoy coal, 
 and conduct such a mammoth trade as to give them a 
 position of prominence among the representative coal 
 dealers of the .'^tate. The coals and their merits which 
 this firm handles are too well-known to be dwelt upon 
 at any length, suffice it to say, these three brands are 
 among the best and perhaps most popular produced in 
 this section. The mines are located in the centre of the 
 richest mining district of the Valley, and provided with 
 the best and most complete machinery for the success- 
 ful prosecution of the business. The coal is put upon 
 the market in the best of order, while the cost is but 
 commensurate with the worth of the most excellent 
 marketable article. , 
 
 N. D. Cortright and N. D. Cortright, Jr., constituting 
 the firm of N. D. Cortright & Son, are enterprising, 
 energetic business men. They stand high in this line 
 aud their popularity and satisfactory method of con- 
 ducting business is attested by their rapidly grow- 
 ing trade. Occupying a position of i)romiuence as 
 representative men, they have contributed much to the 
 welfare of this section, and are widely known. 
 
 WILBUR O. SMITH, 
 
 Shirt Manuf.^cturer and Men's Furnishing 
 Goods, No. 47 Broadway. 
 
 The manufacture of fine dress shirts, together with 
 the sale of Gent's Furnishing Goods, are branches of 
 business, which when properly conducted are a great 
 convenience to the public. In Mauch Chunk the bus- 
 iness is admirably prosecuted by Mr. Wilbur O. Smith, 
 a young man of ability and practical to the trade. Mr. 
 Smith started his enterprise in 18S1, and has already 
 gained a prominent position in the business, distimcing 
 all competitors in his ability to furnish a handsome, 
 well made fine dress shirt. Operating a factory at riJ21 
 Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, Mr. Smith is enabled to 
 dispose of his goods at their lowest value. 
 
 A special feature of trade is "The Lehigh Valley shirt," 
 a handsome and carefully made dress shirt which bids 
 fair to gain a monopoly of the trade in this section of 
 the State. A shirt for comfort, durability and beauty, 
 should fit the body perfectly,and with this end in view 
 Mr. Smith exercises great care in his measurements, 
 and gives his work into the hands of experienced cut- 
 ters. Aside from "The Lehigh Valley shirt," a full line 
 of stylish and seasonable underwear, hoisery, neckwear 
 aud such goods as usually come under the name of 
 Gent's Furnishing Goods are kept in profusion, and the 
 prices are always reasonable. 
 
 Mr. Smith is a native of Philadelphia, where he has 
 conducted the shirt business for the past thirteen years 
 and is manufacturing shirts, underwear, collars and 
 cufl's, on a large scale, familiarizing himself with the 
 details of the trade and the needs of the public. Hia 
 acquisition to the ranks of business men in Mauch 
 Chunk is a benefit to the community. 
 
184 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHKiH VAT.LEY. 
 
 L. YAEGER, 
 
 Furniture and Undertaking, No. 44 Broad- 
 way. 
 
 Mauch Chunk has no lack of good stores operated by 
 first-clas.s merchants who understand their business, 
 and conduct it honorably and suf(es.sfully. The greater 
 portion of the community patronize home industries 
 and are not allured by the flaming advertisements of 
 some merchants in large cities, who do not and cannot 
 sell the same quality of goods at any lower price. L. 
 Yaoger deals in furniture, and lias always in store a 
 tine stock especially adapted to the market. It com- 
 prises Parlor, Dining Room, Chamber and Library suits, 
 in common and hard woods, from tlie plainest to the 
 handsomest and most elaborate; Chairs, Couches, 
 Lounges, Spring Beds, and Mattresses of all kinds, Mir- 
 rows, Stands, Bookshelves, Oriiamcntnl pieces, all at 
 prices as low as the same goods can be bouglit for in 
 any city market. This furniture is carefully and sub- 
 stantially put together, and designed to wear. 
 
 Mr. Yaeger does an extensive undertaking business 
 also; and is prepared to furnisli at the shortest possible 
 notice all styles and sizes of Coffins, Caskets, Metalie, 
 Satin, Velvet Cloth covered. Burl, Walnut and Rose- 
 wood. Shrouds and Wrappers are furnished and expe- 
 rienced lady attendants when desired. 
 
 He has been located in Mauch Chunk since 1846, and 
 conducts a first-class store In every respect. His trade 
 is very extensive, and the stock carried embraces styles 
 and varieties to suit all tastes. 
 
 GEORGE HALL, 
 
 Singer Sewing SIachines, No. 47 Broadway. 
 The Singer Manufacturing Company was the first to 
 manufacture a sewing machine that would do all kinds 
 of sewing, and perform its task with the least difficulty 
 in its operation. Since the days of its invention new 
 and valual)le attachments and improvements have 
 been made, until to-day it is regarded as one of the 
 most perfect machines in the market. So universally 
 and favorably known is this machine, that they are 
 now used in every civilized country on the globe, with 
 an aggregate manufacture in 1880 of over 500,000. They 
 have obtained over two hundred premiums, medals 
 and awards at dilTerent world's fairs, besides hundreds 
 of premiums and diplomas from smaller and less prom- 
 inent expositions. George Hall is the agentofthis section 
 for the Company, and is well and favorably known to 
 the people of Mauch Chunk, and regarded with confi- 
 dence and favor by the Company. Mr. Hall is a cap- 
 able thoroughly efficient gentleman in whom the Com- 
 pany recognize as a faithful officer, and one by whom 
 the public's interests will be well served ; an excellent 
 operator, and familiar with the construction of the ma- 
 chines. Mr. Hall can be called upon at any time to ex- 
 plain and instruct in its operation. A system adopted 
 by this Company for the sale of macliines. is the pay- 
 ment of weekly installments. This is an admirable fc;i- 
 ture in its business methods, and one that commends 
 itself tu every thoughtful, consi<lerate person. 
 
 E. F. LUCKENBACII, 
 
 Books, Stationery, etc., No. 61 Broadway. 
 E.stablished in lb78 by Mr. E. F. Luckenbach, and 
 filling a want long felt in the community, this estab- 
 lishment at once became popular with the trade, and 
 the business was such as to insure the success of the 
 house. Occupying desii able business quarters in the 
 leading street of tlie town, the situation of the 
 store, and the facilities for displaying goods are unsur- 
 passed by any other house in the line. The stock of 
 goods on hand is always large, being made up of a full 
 assortment of books of all kinds, stationery, velvet 
 
 frames, wall papers, fine artistic decorations, window 
 shades, kalsomine, paints, oils, varnishes, glass, putty, 
 picture nails and cord, and a general line of goods of 
 this character. The reputation enjoyed by this house 
 for its ability to offer the public a superior line of goods, 
 is thoroughly well known to the citizens of Mauch 
 Chunk, and the residents of the surrounding neighbor- 
 hood, and the business now employs from ten to fifteen 
 men for its prompt and successful prosecution. 
 
 Stores of this character, through which books, peri- 
 odicals, and wholesome literature of all kinds i.s dis- 
 seminated, make their presence perceptible in the- 
 general tone of the public, and the vast good they oc- 
 complish through this channel cannot be overestimat- 
 ed. Mr. Luckenl)ach is a native of Northampton coun- 
 ty, and is known to the citizens of Mauch Chunk, where 
 he has resided since 186l,as anactive,enterprising busi- 
 ness man, possessing the tact and ability necessary to- 
 success in any branch of trade. 
 
 ASA R. BEERS, 
 
 Dry Goods and Notions, Flour and Feed, 43, 
 Broadway. 
 
 The manufacturing and commercial activity of 
 Mauch Chunk have been dwelt upon elsewhere in this 
 work, but in our feature devoted to the different indi- 
 vidual enterprises of the town it is fitting that we give 
 a brief sketch of the house of Mr. Beers, a prominent 
 dealer in Dry Goods and Groceries. The business of 
 this house was established about thirteen years ago by 
 the present proprietor, in a rather small way and with 
 limited capital. He established the mo.st generous bus- 
 iness principles at the outset, has adhered to them rig- 
 idly and strives to make all business intercourse with 
 the house of a plea.sant and profitable nature. 
 
 The store is one of the best buildings on Broadway, 
 20x80 feet in dimensions, admirably appointed and 
 adapted to the business. 
 
 The stock of goods carried is large, varied and val- 
 uable, including Dry Goods, Dress Goods, Silks. Prints, 
 Linens, Mu.slins, Plain and Fancy Goods, of the finest 
 grades. Groceries, Provisions, Canned Goods, Meats, 
 and a full line of Flour and Feed, are features of the 
 trade, to which particular attention is paid. The gro- 
 ceries are always pure, fresh, and free from adultera- 
 tions, the Dry Goods are of the best styles, and manu- 
 facture. The .stock is purchased direct from first hands, 
 paid for in cash or short time, and sold at a moderate 
 advance. The arrangement of the store is tasteful and 
 well planned, displaying the goods favorably and to 
 advantage. In the discliarge of the business connected 
 with the house three assistants are employed. 
 
 Asa R. Beers has resided in Mauch Chunk for fifteen 
 years past.and is among the best known merchants iu the 
 town. 
 
 JOHN DEICKMANN, 
 
 Ea.st Mauch Chunk. 
 The constant and almost innumerable demands made 
 upon the proprietor of a general store, require that only 
 a man of energy and tact should engage in the business. 
 Tire residents of East Manch Chunk are fortunate in 
 having in their town such an establishment, presided 
 over by Mr. Deickmaun. Occupying a fine, well appoint- 
 ed store, built for the purpose in 1880, well stocked with a 
 line of general merchandise, he has drawn to his estab- 
 lishment a good share of the trade of the borough and 
 su. rounding country. His stock is large and complete, 
 embracing almost everything needed in ordinary 
 households, and includes a well selected stock of Dry 
 Goods, Groceries, Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoes, G)ass» 
 China and Wooden-ware, tasiefully arranged, and in- 
 viting in its appearance. Mr. Deickmanu is well known 
 to the residents of this locality, aadgenei-ally esteemed. 
 
RESOHRCKS OF THE l.EHKJH VALLEY. 
 
 185 
 
 W. H. STROH, 
 
 FouNiiKY AND Machine Phop, West Broadway, 
 Mauch Chunk. 
 
 The industrial history of Mauch Chunk would be in- 
 complete without prominent mention of this enterprise 
 and its proprietor. This is one of the oldest established 
 enterprises in the borough ; having been continuously 
 operated since lS:t'. In 18G3 the works came under the 
 maua^'cment of Albright & Stroh, who were extensive- 
 ly engaged in manufacturing shells for the Government. 
 They continued the business together until th€ death 
 of Mr. Albright in January, 1881, when Mr. Stroh became 
 sole proprietor. 
 
 The reputation of these works as producing several 
 specialties is National. Among its prominent products 
 being the "Smock Patent Coal Gig," perhaps better 
 known as the "Albright and Stroh Gig," an ingenious 
 though simple, and very successful machine for sepa- 
 rating the slate from the coal. "The Keystone Patent 
 Grate liar" which is known over all the country, and 
 very highly regarded, as its extensive sales fully attest; 
 Wood lined water pipe for mines. Car, Uridgeand Pump 
 Castings, Stationary Engines, Railroad Frogs,and Switch 
 Castings, bc-side a general line of job work. 
 
 The facilities for manufacturing are very fine. The 
 motive i)ower being a water wheel of forty-two feet di- 
 ameler.and eighty horse-power. The best machinery and 
 appliances are brought into requisition in the prosecu- 
 tion of the business, and the finest materials used. The 
 business has grown from asmall beginning to its present 
 importance, and today gives employment to sixty men, 
 the annual product amounting to a large sum. The 
 plant covers ample space, the buildings are convenient- 
 ly arranged, and are divided into different departments 
 for their convenient and systematic management. Each 
 division is under the charge of a competent superinten- 
 dent, while the general management of the entire es- 
 tablishment is under the eye of the proprietor, a thor- 
 ough practical man. 
 
 Mr. Stroh came to Mauch Chunk when a mere boy, 
 with no capital but energy and pluck. Few men have 
 been more prominently identilied with the growth and 
 prosperity of the town, or more actively engaged in pro- 
 moting its commercial and manufacturing importance. 
 He is one of the self-made men of the times, possessed 
 of ample means and indomitable energy, he has by 
 his business operations, and particularly by the manu- 
 facture of his specialties, served to extend the lepnta- 
 tion of this section, even beyond the bounds of our own 
 country, as one rich in manufacturing industries. He 
 occupies a prominent position among the iron and coal 
 men of the State, and Is recognized as a prompt, honora- 
 ble busine.ss man. 
 
 C. W. SWANK & SON, 
 
 Fi.ouR, Feed, Gkain, Hay and Coai,, Susque- 
 hanna, Stkeet, 
 
 In the various departments of mercantile industry, 
 Mauch Chunk has representatives in honorable and ef- 
 ficient merchants, who carry full stocks of goods in 
 their respective lines Messrs. C. W. Swank «.t Son, who 
 occupy a convenient store on Sus<iuchanna street, are 
 the leading dealers in their line. Their st^)re is large 
 and well adapted to the Dusiness, and well stocked 
 with a full line of family Flour, Feed, Grain, Hay and 
 such other other things as are usually found in stores of 
 this character. They are practical men in the business, 
 possessing good judgment, and .select the best da.ss of 
 goods in the markets. They buy in such quantities as 
 meet the denmnds of their trade, and .sell at moderate 
 prices, consequently rapidly dispose of their stock, and 
 keep no old or stale goods on hand. 
 
 The firm are extensive shii>pers of grain, and the 
 
 larmers of Mauch Chunk can always find here a ca.sh 
 market for tlieir surplus grain, receiving the ruling 
 rates They deal extensively in Coal, and are always 
 prepared to fill orders in any quantity from the best 
 qualities at quoted prices. 
 
 The firm is composed of C. W. Swank, and his son P. 
 K. Swank, bcjth energetic active busine.ss men, who oc- 
 cupy an honorable position in business circles. 
 
 G. W. & W. T. HOOVEN, 
 
 Lubricating and Illuminating Oils, Mauch 
 
 (.'HUNK. 
 
 Among the recently established enterprises which 
 exert an important influence in the commercial advan- 
 tages of Mauch Chunk, is the Wh<jlesale Oil House of 
 Messrs. Hooven. which was established a few years ago, 
 and has_already won Its way to an important position 
 in the trade. 
 
 The firm are Jobbers and Wholesale dealers in the 
 various forms and products of Petroleum for Hlumi- 
 nating and Liibricating purposes, and have in the 
 short time which has elapsed since the enterprise was 
 founded, laid the foundations of a trade, which, already 
 large, gives evidence of becoming one of the most im- 
 portant business enterprises of Mauch Chunk. Enjoy- 
 ing unusual facilities for receiving and shipping stock,, 
 being located between the Lehigh Valley Railroad and. 
 the Lehigh Canal, and only a few rods from the L. & S. 
 Division of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, with 
 every convenience for storing and handling their goods, 
 and situated in the very heartofan immense consuming 
 centre, there is no reason why the house of Hooven. 
 Bros, should not soon take rank among the verj' fore- 
 most dealers in oil in the whole country. 
 
 The question of freights on an article sold so clo.se as 
 oil is to important a consideration that the trade of any 
 locality must of necessity be confined to a comparative 
 ly small section of country, aud the amount of possible 
 sales mu.st depend in a great measure upon the number 
 of consumers, aud in this respect few localities ofl'er a 
 more inviting field than that reached from Mauch 
 Chunk. 
 
 Both members of the firm are young, activf , enter- 
 prising business men, well regarded in business circles, 
 liberal in their dealings, and well deserving of the suc- 
 cess of which their enterprise gives ample promise. 
 
 KUNTZ&CO., 
 
 General Store, No. 18 Market Square. 
 
 The house of Kuulz ct Company, which occupies a. 
 fine kx'atiou, is one of the many new business ventures 
 that have sprung into existence during the liisi few 
 years. Dating its business inception from July, 1879, 
 and in operation only two years, this house gives evi- 
 dence of entering upon a future of more than ordinary 
 prosperity. The firm is composed of W. H. Kuntz, a na- 
 tive of Lehigh county, and A. S. Haines, of Mauch 
 Chunk, both men of enteiprise aud ability, who enjoy 
 the confidence of their patrons. Anything like an in- 
 ventory of their stock would require too much space, 
 but as a few leading articles we may mention a large 
 quantity of Dress Goods, Silks. Linens, Cambrics, and a 
 general line of Fancy Goods, embracing all that is de- 
 sirable in the line. Fine, Fancy and Staple Groceries, 
 Canned Goods, Provisions, Cutlery, Glass Ware, etc., are 
 to be found in large quantities upon their shelves. 
 
 A line building is occupied of 18x46 feet, being liter- 
 ally jiacked with goods. The store occupying a com- 
 manding position in the trade, is a scene of great activ- 
 ity during the busy season, three assistants being en- 
 gaged in attending to the wants of the customers. The 
 house is noted for its enterprise and energy, and well de- 
 serving of the popularity it enjoys. 
 
186 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 JOHN L. STEDMi^ N, 
 
 Watches and Jewelry, 49 Broadway, Mauch 
 Chunk. 
 
 The Watch making and Jewelry trade is an impor- 
 tant branch of mercantile industry. Of those in Mauch 
 Chunk, the leading establishment is that of Mr. John 
 L. Stedman, whose store occupies the fine business 
 premises, No. 49 Broadway. Enjoying ample facilities 
 for the sale and di.splay of a large and well selected 
 stock of Watches, Jewelry, Silver and Plated-ware Clocks 
 Bronzes, and a line of bric-a brae, in general, the trade 
 gives evidence of constant growth. Special attention 
 is given to the repairing of Clocks, Watches, and Jewel- 
 ry, careful and exi)erienced, practical jewelers being 
 •employed, and their work warranted. A special feature 
 of trade is "Boss" Patent Watch Cases, an article in the 
 trade much sought after by leading jewelers and popu- 
 lar with the public. 
 
 Established sixteen years ago in its present location, 
 the trade of this store has grown from a modest begin- 
 ning to its present proportions, a fact which speaks 
 well of the business management of its proprietor. 
 
 MRS. P. SHARKEY, 
 
 General Store, 10 Susquehanna Street. 
 
 To successfully and profitably operate the afifairs of a 
 general merchandise trade, requires more than ordinary 
 ability together with a varied experience. In Mauch 
 Chunk there are a number of business houses devoted 
 to this line of trade, none of whom, however, are more 
 popular with the public than that conducted by Mrs. 
 Sharkey. The business is one of those old established 
 and solid enterprises numbered among the first of the 
 kind at Mauch Chunk, and from the first was popular, 
 and met with such encouragement that put it at once 
 on a solid business footing. A large and conveniently 
 arranged store is occupied, which is located in the cen- 
 tre of the town, and is fully stocked with a line of goods 
 such as are usually carried by houses of this character. 
 In Dry Goods, Dress Goods, Fancy Goods, Linens, etc., 
 the stock is particularly well selected, embracing all 
 the novelties and staple goods requisite for ladies' wear. 
 Fine and staple Groceries, pure and fresh; Canned 
 Goods, Provisions, Meats, Glass, China, Wooden and 
 Queeusware, Cutlery, and a full stock of such goods as 
 go to make up a complete assortment of goods daily 
 needed in every household. The stock is obtained from 
 reliable houses, and consequently is reasonable in price 
 and of superior quality. The business requires the at- 
 tention of five assistants, and the annual sales aggre- 
 gate a large sum. 
 
 Mrs. Sharkey is known to the residents as an energetic 
 business woman, and is conducting one of the most 
 successful enterprises in Mauch Chunk. 
 
 W. H. STROH & SON. 
 
 Boots and Shoe.s, Leather and Findings. 
 
 The Boot and Shoe trade is conducted in Mauch 
 Chunk in a very superior manner, the most complete 
 and attractive stock is to be found in the fine store of 
 W. H. Stroh & Son, at No. 42 Market Square. This busi- 
 uess was established in 1848 by Messrs Kline & Stub, 
 who were succeeded in 1855 by W. H. Stroh, who admit- 
 ted his sou, W. R. Stroh, to an interest in the business in 
 1880, and the firm became as now known. 
 
 The arrangement of tlie stock and its character at 
 once strikes the eye, and indicates on the part of the 
 proprietors not only excellent taste, but an intimate 
 knowledge of the bu.siness. All goods in this line are 
 displayed, including Men's, Boy's, Youths' and Child- 
 
 rens' Boots, Congress and Button Gaiters, Women's Miss- 
 es, and Childreus, Lace and Button Shoes, Slippers, Rub- 
 bers and Arties, and Includes a full assortment of plain 
 and Fancy goods in medium and fine grades, no infe- 
 rior stock finding a place in this well ordered establish- 
 ment. 
 
 A full line of Leather Finding and Shoemakers' sup- 
 plies forms an important part of their stock, and they 
 do quite a large trade iu tliis line, supplying local man- 
 ufactures over a lai'ge portion of the surrounding coun- 
 try. The firm is composed of W. H. Stroh, prominently 
 connected with many of the important industries of 
 the valley, and his son,W. R. Stroh, a very active young 
 business man. Possessing ample capital and having a 
 fine location, they are the representative dealers in this 
 line in Mauch Chunk, and are well regarded by all who 
 know them. 
 
 FRANK SCHWARTZ, 
 
 Furniture Dealer, East Mauch Chunk. 
 
 The various branches of mercantile enterprise are well 
 represented in Mauch Chunk, and the character of the 
 goods here kept in stock and the general appear- 
 ance of the stores would be creditable to much larger 
 towns. Frank Schwartz has always in store a fine stock 
 of Furniture especially suited to this market. It com- 
 prises Parlor, Dining Room, Chamber and Library sets 
 ofallstyles, from the plainest to the handsomest; Chairs, 
 Couches, Lounges, Spring Beds, and Mattresses of all 
 kinds; Mirrors, Stands, Bookshelves, Ornamental Pieces, 
 etc., at prices as low as the same goods can be bought 
 in any city market. This furniture is carefully selected 
 from the best factories, and is substantially put together. 
 
 This establishment enjoys a large and constantly 
 growing trade, conducted with the residents of East 
 Mauch Chunk, and farmers of the surrounding neigh- 
 borhood. The business is conducted upon liberal prin- 
 ciples, and Mr. Swartz is making many patrons thereby. 
 Undertaking, furnishing, etc., is also conducted exten- 
 sively. 
 
 E. D. BARTHOLOMEW, 
 
 Stoves, Ranges, Heaters, Tin and Sheet-iron 
 Ware, Susquehanna Street, Below Race. 
 Upon the careful and intelligent prosecution of the 
 plumbing business the health of the inhabitants of a 
 city greatly depend. The laws of sanitary science must 
 be conscientiously and faithfully observed, a violation 
 or neglect often producing the most serious and fatal 
 results. 'I'his branch of business is carried on in Mauch 
 Chunk by Mr. E. D. Bartholomew, a man practical in 
 the business, devoting his entire time and attention to 
 its details. This is the oldest house in the line in the 
 town, having been e^tablished in 1858, and is the most 
 popular, and enjoys a large and constantly growing 
 business. Gas Fitting and Plumbing is the special fea- 
 ture of the business, and especial care is taken to excell 
 in these branches of industry. The store rooui is well- 
 stocked with a large assortment of Parlor and Cook- 
 Stoves, Heaters and Ranges, of the most desirable pat- 
 tern and best manufacture. Tin Sheet-Iron and Hollow 
 Ware are also in stock, and have been selected with a 
 special view of meeting the wants of his trade. Five 
 men are constantly employed, all of whom are skilled 
 workmen. 
 
 Starting business several years ago with a limited 
 capital the trade built up is a fitting tribute to the en- 
 terprise of the proprietor. The store occupies a desir- 
 able location, central to the b\isiuess portion of the 
 community, and is neat and convenient. 
 
HSZLETON. 
 
 THE CHIEF TOWN OF THE LEHIGH COAL REGION AND THE CENTRE OF A LARGE 
 
 MINING AND MERCANTILE BUSINESS— HEALTHY LOCATED ON A LEVEL 
 
 PLATEAU, SEVENTEEN HUNDRED FEET ABOVE TIDEWATER. 
 
 Had anthracite coal, or stone coal, as it was 
 then called, proved a fallacious and unstable fuel, 
 a greater part of tliis work could never have been 
 written; as all that part of the Lehigh Valley 
 above the Lehigh Water Gap owes its growth 
 and importance to the discovery and successful 
 mining of this important product of our State. 
 Little else than coal tempted the construction of 
 the enduring pathways now laid through the 
 valleys and by the tributary streams. Railroads 
 are seldom built to please the esthetic eye of 
 nature's worshiper alone, and through them our 
 undeveloped country has been brought to give 
 up the many rich minerals lying hidden under 
 the surface. 
 
 In the review of the Lehigh Valley, after leav- 
 ing Mauch Chunk, the well-known Valley Rail- 
 road continues on through the countless wind- 
 ings and angles of the river, passing scenery 
 upon each side that for natural beauty is unsur- 
 passed, until the junction at Penn Haven is 
 reached. At this point a branch turns away to 
 the left, following the course of Black creek 
 gulch, toward the great coal region. The creek 
 (appropriately named Black) struggles down to- 
 ward the Lehigh among boulder fields, its waters 
 deeply colored with sulphur, which tinge every 
 rock with orange. The railroad carries the trav- 
 eler past the enterprising little town of Weather- 
 ly, wliere are located large construction and re- 
 pair shops, and over Hazle creek bridge, where 
 the railroad divides. Keeping to the right, run- 
 ning u[> toilsome grades upon a continuous suc- 
 cession of curves, the eye is greeted with signs of 
 the black country. Great heaps of wastage from 
 the collieries loom up ahead, and the air is crisp 
 and bracing. A few miles further, and the train 
 enters the busy town of Hazleton. 
 
 ITS LOC.VTION. 
 
 This town is one of the handsomest and most 
 
 enterprising in the coal region, and is situated on 
 the Hazle Creek, a small stream, from which the 
 town derives its name. It is located in Luzerne 
 County, in the extreme southern portion, twenty- 
 three miles from Mauch Chunk, on what is 
 known as the dividing ridge of the Lehigh and 
 Susquehanna rivers ; the water on the ea.stern 
 part of the town flow into the Lehigh river, 
 while those in the western part running into the 
 Susquehanna. The town is situated seventeen 
 hundred feet above tidewater, and directly in the 
 centre of what is known as the Hazleton coal 
 region. It owes its foundation, growth, and pres- 
 ent successful condition to coal alone, and while 
 surrounded upon all sides with collieries 
 and immense heaps of waste around the open- 
 ings of tlie mines, the tuwn is itself remarkably 
 clean, and will bear a most favorable comparison 
 with other towns of the valley. To many the 
 mines are a source of great profit, and the entire 
 business interest is directly or indirectly de- 
 pendent upon this product. 
 
 Hazleton has the superlative attractions of 
 good air, dry and cool, of fine drives, extended 
 views, and cultivated residences. A visitor could 
 not fail to employ his time pleasantly and satis- 
 factorily in inspecting the process of mining, 
 assorting and shipping of coal. The town tai)s 
 the upper eclipse of the several carbon 
 fields, which extend in basins between tiie 
 Lehigh and the Susquehanna. Three miles ride 
 toward the northeii^it, reveals the rich agricul- 
 tural valley of Butler. The prospect, as one 
 stands upon Buck Mountain, one of the last coal 
 ridges, and looks away toward Sugar Loaf 
 Mountain, at the far extremity of Butler Valley, 
 is very beautiful. The contrast, after passing 
 over the wooded crests of the mining lands, is 
 one of bold relief. Upon tliis high plateau forms 
 of nature's wealth, exceptional in beauty, are 
 
188 
 
 RESOURCKS OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 often met with. The mosses and lichens wliich 
 cling to the boulders on every side, the bciiutiful 
 foilage, all invite the visitor to Hazleton to ride 
 this short distance to view its atti'actions. 
 
 THE EARLY HISTORY. 
 
 Hazleton owes its existence to the Hazleton 
 Coal Company, which was incorporated March 
 18, 1836. The contract for building the rail- 
 road to this place was awarded the fall of the 
 same year, and work commenced at once. It 
 was completed to Weatherly in 1838, where it 
 connected with the Beaver Meadow Railroad. 
 At this time an old weather-boarded log tavern 
 and a toll-house, both situated on the Susque- 
 hanna and Lehigh turnpike road, near what is 
 now the eastern boundry of the borough, were 
 the only inhabited houses within the present 
 limits of the borough of Hazleton. There was 
 also an old saw mill on Hazle Creek, near the 
 tavern, and an unoccupied house at the inter- 
 section of the turnpike road with that leading 
 from Wilkes-Barre to Tamaqua. The leading 
 spirit in the success of Hazleton, was Mr. Ario 
 Pardee, at the present time one of the wealthiest 
 and most respected of its citizens. To him the 
 town is indebted for its prosperity and its early 
 growth. He came here as a surveyor, and soon 
 after became interested largely in lands, which 
 have been productive of vast quantities of coal. 
 He has been jiersonally connected with every 
 movement that has enhanced the town's interests, 
 and is now the largest individual coal operator in 
 the whole region. 
 
 As the coal trade developed, Hazleton grew in 
 population, and August 7, 1856, was incorporated 
 as a borough, containing at that time about 
 twelve luindred population. Each year increased 
 the number of its inhabitants, until the panic of 
 1873, when the serious effect this had upon the 
 coal trade, left its Impression upon the town's 
 prosperity. As business reviyed, coal was more 
 extensively mined, and at the present time the 
 population will reach near 8,000, the census of 
 1880 giving it at 6,965. This number, however, 
 does not give a true summary of the population 
 that depends upon the place as a basis of supplies, 
 it being the centre of a population of from 25,000 
 . to 30,000. 
 
 COAL INTERESTS. 
 
 The Hazleton coal basin is one of the mostpro- 
 ductive districts in the whole region, and has the 
 reputation of producing some of the linest coal 
 that reaches market. The following facts of the 
 anthracite coal fields will, in connection with 
 the subject of Hazleton, prove of great interest and 
 profit : 
 
 The territory occupied by the anthracite coal 
 fields of Pennsylvania is but a diminutive spot 
 compared with the area of bituminous coal in 
 Pennsylvania alone, to say nothing of its vast 
 extent in other portions of the United States, and 
 (treat Britain, France, and Belgium. The area 
 
 of the anthracite of the United States is but 470 
 square miles, not one-twentieth the size of Lake 
 Erie, while the wide-spread bituminous coal 
 fields cover twice the area of our four great lakes ; 
 the anthracite making but an insignificant 
 showing on the map of our continent. But the 
 comparison of the bituminous area is deceptive, 
 unless the relative thickness of the two is taken 
 into consideration. If the anthracite beds were 
 si>read out as thinly as those of the bituminous 
 region, they would cover eight times their pres- 
 ent area, or 3,780 square miles. And, again, if 
 the denuded spaces within the borders of the 
 anthracite coal fields were covered with a de- 
 posit as thick as we justly suppose they once 
 were, and as the remaining still are, the avail- 
 able area would be increased to about 2,000 
 square miles, or 1,280,000 acres; equal to a coal 
 deposit of 92,840,960,000 tons. 
 
 The anthracite region, mainly confined to one- 
 sixth the area of the four mountainous counties 
 of Luzerne, Schuylkill, Carbon, and Northum- 
 berland, in Pennsylvania, is crowded with an in- 
 dustrious population, which increased fifty-one 
 per cent, in ten years ; that is from 229,700 in 
 1860, to 344,771 in 1870 ; whilst the four adjacent 
 agricultural counties of similar area increased in 
 the same time from 319,542 to 339,942, only six 
 per cent. It is located on the parallel of 40° 30', 
 one hundred miles from any seashore, no part of 
 it less than 500 feet above high tide — near the 
 head waters of the large rivers that drain it, the 
 Susquehanna, Schuylkill, Lehigh, and Dela- 
 ware. The noisy trains crossing the valleys and 
 climbing the mountains all verge, day and 
 night, to these hives of industry, where multi- 
 tudinous steam engines are hoisting'and pump- 
 ing, and breakers crushing. Thousands of miles 
 of railroad thread the surface and dive into the 
 interior, to roll out the black diamond flood in 
 millions of tons of fuel to warm and employ the 
 nation. 
 
 It is estimated that not more than 66 per cent, 
 of the coal is ever taken out of the mines. That 
 which is brought to the surface is run through a 
 huge structure from 80 to 100 feet high, very ap- 
 propriately called a "breaker," ingenioitsly con- 
 trived for the destruction of coal. There are over 
 300 of these immense buildings in the anthra- 
 cite region, costing on an average $50,000 
 each, or an aggregate of $15,000,000. To the top 
 of i\ies& the coal is hoisted, and then descends 
 through a succession of rolls and screens, emerg- 
 ing at the bottom in a series of assorted sizes, from 
 huge blocks of lump coal to unmercantable dust, 
 which forms a grievously large proportion of the 
 whole. This process involves a loss of good coal, 
 equal to 20 or 25 per cent, of the entire quantity 
 mined. For the coal wasted in mining, say 40 
 per cent., and in preparing, 25 per cent., no one 
 is paid ; it is a total loss to landowner, miner and 
 shipper. 
 
resourc:es of the leiiigii valley. 
 
 189 
 
 The amount of water which drains into a mine 
 from a mile or more of surface is enormous, for 
 the average amount of snow and rain fall is 58,- 
 840 cubic inches per square yard annually, and 
 the mines are liable to al)sorb not only the rain 
 fall on the surface immediately over them, but 
 all that which, by contour of the surface or by 
 converging strata, tends toward them. On an 
 average possibility five tons of water are hoisted 
 for every ton of coal raised — another loss charge- 
 able to mining. 
 
 The total amount of coal still to be mined, ac- 
 cording to the accompanying totals, is 23,437,- 
 242,000 tons. The total waste, as experience has 
 shown, is equal to two-thirds of the coal deposit, 
 and reaching the apalling amount of 17,574,000,- 
 666 tons, leaving us only 8,787,075,333 tons to 
 send to market. In all the calculations of an- 
 thracite, we have counted the area as if in a level 
 plain, and made no allowance for the undula- 
 tions which must necessarly increase the amount 
 of coal. But as many of the flexures are abrupt 
 and broken, making much faulty and refuse 
 coal, it will cover any over-estimate of area or 
 thickness we have made in our calculations. 
 
 Our tables show that 409,757,748 tons have 
 been sent to market in the tifty-eight years from 
 1820 to 1880, inclusive. Our consumption now 
 amounts to over 20,000,000 tons annually. The 
 increase of production for the past ten years has 
 been about 200,000,000 tons. 
 
 THE PRESENT APPEARANCES. 
 
 Hazleton, of to-day, is a town of marked busi- 
 ness appearance ; the streets are wide, the main 
 thoroughfare, upon which is located a greater 
 part of the mercantile houses, being, particularly 
 so. Many of the business establishments are 
 superior in their construction, while the private 
 residences in their finish and surroundings, 
 denote comfort and a taste for the beautiful. 
 After having traveled through the wild and 
 barren region between Penn Haven and Hazle- 
 ton, the attractions of the borough are all the more 
 manifest, and the traveler is very apt to be 
 surprised after he has minutely inspected it 
 throughout. Notwithstanding a large portion 
 of the population is composed of those who labor 
 in and about the mines, the entire community is 
 thoroughly awake to the interests of the borough, 
 "which is manifest by the cleanliness that pervades 
 its every portion. Upon all sides are to be found 
 the huge "breakers" of the coal mines, surround- 
 ed with waste, the accumulation of the many 
 years of production, and giving the ground and 
 all within the immediate vicinity that black ap- 
 pearance common to the mining regions. 
 
 BOROUGH GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The borough is divided into two wards, known 
 as the East and West Wards, each having three 
 members in the borough council. The oflficers 
 of the borough are : 
 
 Burgess — R. T. Kreider, 
 
 Clerk — Joseph T. Solomon. 
 
 Treasurer — E. 8. Dowd. 
 
 Council, West Ward — Elias Bachman, John A. 
 Barton, Wm. Sanderbook. East Ward — David 
 A. Clark, (President), John E. Giles, Justus 
 Allmiller. 
 
 President of Board of Education — J. Schwartz. 
 Secretary — T. M. Santee. 
 
 The town has an efficient Fire Department, 
 well equipped, with first-class steamers and other 
 necessary appliances for the successful combating 
 with the element. 
 
 CUIRCHES. 
 
 Hazleton is well su|)pliecl with churches, as 
 follows: 
 
 Christ Church (Reformed). — Rev. R. Assman, 
 pastor. 
 
 St. Peter's Church (Protestant Episcopal). — 
 Rev. C. A. Marks, jiastor. 
 
 Christ Church (German Lutheran). — Rev. E. A. 
 Bauer, pastor. 
 
 St. John's Church (Primitive Methodist). — Rev. 
 W. H. Yarrow, pastor. 
 
 St.Gabriel's Church, ( Roman Catholic). — Pastor, 
 Rev. J. J. Cummisky. Assistant Priets, Rev, 
 E. W. Fitzmaurice, Rev. E. D. Phillips. 
 
 Presbyterian Church. — Rev. Alex. B. Jack, 
 pastor. 
 
 Trinity Church (English Lutheran). — Rev. J. 
 Wagner, pastor. 
 
 St. Paul's Church (Methodist Episcopal). — 
 Rev. G. T. Gray, pastor. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first school was built by the Hazleton Coal 
 Companj', in 1837. It was a frame structure, and 
 was situated at the northwest corner of Church 
 and Green streets, until 1848, when the' first 
 church was built. At that time Hazleton was 
 a part of Sugar Loaf township, and remained so 
 until the formation of the borough in 1847. The 
 first building for private school purpose was 
 built by A. Pardee, but it was discontinued after 
 two years. In 1850 a frame building was erect- 
 ed on the northeast corner of Cedar street and 
 Spruce alley, and this was the first school house 
 erected by the Board of Directors of the public 
 schools. The original building at Church and 
 Green streets having been burned down in 1853, 
 the directors rented the store at the soutlieast 
 corner of Broad and Wyoming streets, for school 
 purposes. In February, 1855, the two-story 
 brick building on the north side of Green street 
 was opened, it having been erected the year pre- 
 vious, and it was the first graded school in Lu- 
 zerne county. December 7 and 8, 1855, the first 
 teachers' institute was held in this building, and 
 was attended by teachers of Black Creek, Butler, 
 Hazle, and Sugar Loaf townships. 
 
 After the incorporation of the borough, the first 
 Board of School Directors were elected and the 
 schools were at once improved. In the win- 
 ter of 1859-60, the first course of popular 
 
190 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LKIIKJH VAT.LEY. 
 
 lectures was given and the first teacher's dis- 
 trict institute was formed. In 1866 the frame 
 scliool liouse at the southeast corner of Poplar 
 and Chestnut streets was built, and inthefollow- 
 ing January it was opened for school purposes. 
 From 1868 to 1873 the number of schools grad- 
 ually increased from eight to sixteen, and the 
 length of the school term increased to ten 
 months. In 1869 the large brick school house 
 at the corner of Chestnut and Walnut streets was 
 built, and in the following January was first oc- 
 cupied. The large and commodious brick struct- 
 ure, on the south side of Penn street, between 
 Oak and Hemlock, was erected in 1874-75, and 
 occupied in September, 1875. During the school 
 year of 1875-76, the course of study of the public 
 schools was revised and extended, tlie grading of 
 tlie schools was improved, much additional ap- 
 paratus was procured, the nucleus of a school 
 library was formed, and the number of schools 
 was increased to twenty-one. In June, 1876, the 
 borough voted to establish a borough superin- 
 tcndency, but after the census of 1880, the popu- 
 lation falling below 7,000, the office was aband- 
 oned. 
 
 Hazleton has several private schools. In 1874 
 the Catholic citizens of the place erected a build- 
 ing, cm Wyoming street, and in the autumn of the 
 same year, the Sisters of Mercy opened a school 
 therein. A select scliool was opened in 1866 in a 
 building situated on the private grounds of A. 
 Pardee's residence. 
 
 The present number of public school buildings 
 in the town is four — two in each ward. Two of 
 these buildings are handsome structures, and 
 equiped with every modern appliances for the 
 school room. 
 
 NEWSP.VPERS. 
 
 The first newspaper published in Hazleton 
 was the Sentinel, which was established in Janu- 
 ary, 1866, by John C. Stokes & Co. It is now a 
 daily and weekly, and occupies a convenient of- 
 fice in the Bank Building, on West Broad street. 
 The daily is of four pages, and seven columns 
 each, and published every morning, Sunday ex- 
 cepted, by Mr. F. L. Snyder. 
 
 DaUu Bulletin, [>ublished everj' afternoon, ex- 
 cept Sunday, from the corner of Broad and Wy- 
 oming streets, by the Bulletin Publisliing Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Volkshlatt, German weekly. Published by 
 Deerschuch & Lewis, from the office on West 
 Broad street. 
 
 The Journal, German weekly. Published by 
 R. S. Stultzbach ; oflSce corner Broad and Penn 
 streets. 
 
 Mountain Beacon, published weekly by 
 
 Stokes ; oflSce West Broad street, 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 The Lehigh "Valley Railroad gives an outlet for 
 Hazleton to all the important points in the coun- 
 try. This road, in 1868, absorbed the Hazleton 
 Railroad, and have since continued the line to 
 the Tonhukon, some miles west of Hazleton, 
 where it connects with tlie Peimsylvania Rail- 
 roads. This improvement has given an impetus 
 to the business interests and growth of the bor- 
 ough. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 Few towns of its size in the State have better 
 hotel facilities, among these the " Central " would 
 do credit to any city. It possesses all the modern 
 conveniences of steam heaters, roomy baths, gas 
 and electric bells. Upon the exterior and interior 
 it is a model of elegance and refinement. Situa- 
 ted on the leading street, it is alike convenient for 
 the traveling public and the mercantile commu- 
 nity. 
 
 There are yet many interesting facts of Hazle- 
 ton's history that we desire to lay before our read- 
 ers, but limited space forbids dwelling upon the 
 subject. Suffice, to say, that as a place for busi- 
 ness or residence, the borough of Hazleton offers 
 many inducements. As a location for the latter, 
 it is exceedingly healthy, the air, even in summer, 
 being cool and fresli, and freighted with invigo- 
 ration . 
 
 In the following pages there are displayed for 
 tlie consideration of the reader the prominent 
 business enterprises of the borough, depicting 
 the unrivalled advantages it has to offer as a 
 purchasing centre. 
 
 A. E. KKUMM, 
 
 Stoves, Tin, Copper and Sheet Ikon Ware, East 
 
 Broad Street. 
 As a dealer in Stoves, Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron 
 Ware in Hazleton, we may give to the house of A. E. 
 Kninirn a prominent place, a position which has been 
 acquired since 1877, in which year the business was 
 established by O. H. Bromo. In 1879 it came into 
 the posse.ssiou of Bates & Willits, who operated its 
 afiiiirs about one year, when Mr. Willits was succeeded 
 by A. S. Krunrni. Mr. Bates retired in August, 1881. 
 Mr. Krumm becoming sole proprietor. From the outset 
 the business was au important one, and its continued 
 growth since tlie inception of the house is but a just 
 and deserved compliment to the efficient management 
 Avhich has guided all its business transactions. 
 
 Mr. KruriHii is prepared at all times to meet the de- 
 mands of the trade. A full line of Office, Parlor and 
 
 Cook Stoves, Ranges, Heaters, etc., housekeeping ar- 
 ticles, Copper, Tin and Sheet Iron Worlcs of all kinds 
 is always noticeable in their establishment. From 
 three to eight hantis are here employed, ranging, of 
 course, with the season, and all the best machinery 
 and mechanical appliances are brought into requisi- 
 tion that will either facilitate or improve the quality of 
 the work. Mr. Krumm buys for cash or on short time, 
 thus securing the best goods in the market at their 
 lowest valuation, and consequently is enabled to offer 
 many special inducements to the trade. He is prompt 
 and attentive to the wants of his patrons, courteous to 
 the public, and all parties having business intercourse 
 with this house, will find it of the most pleasant and 
 profitable character. Mr. Krumm is a man of strict 
 integrity and high standing in the community, and an 
 enterprising business man. 
 
RESOTTRCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 Wt 
 
 MILLER & GRUBB, 
 
 Oak Hali, Clothing Hovse, Strictly one 
 Price. 
 
 In the clothiug and gents' furnishing business iu 
 Hazleton, Messrs. Miller & Grubb liave attained tlieir 
 well-known reputation through the uniform sui)erior 
 quality of their goods, and their ability at all times to 
 furnish the neatest aud most stylish elothes in the mar- 
 ket, y. Miller, the senior member of the Arm, laid the 
 foundation for the present business about seventeen 
 years ago, and in 1880 associated with him in the busi* 
 ness Mr. L. W. Grubb, trading under the name of Miller 
 & Grubb. 
 
 Their premises occupies a most eligible location, cen- 
 tral to the business community, the store room devoted 
 to the sale and display of stock, being 22x85 feet in di- 
 mensions. The largest stock of goods to be found in 
 Hazleton is here displayed, comprising ReadyMade 
 Clothing for men's, youths', boy's and children, em- 
 bracing the finest patterns of goods made up in the 
 most reliable, stylish and durable manner. A large 
 and varied assortment of Gent's Furnishing Goods, is 
 here constantly in stock ; Hats, and Caps of the best 
 manufacture, and latest styles Trunks, Traveling Bags, 
 Valises, and a general line of Tourist's goods, all find 
 their share of space in this house. A special effort is 
 made to keep the stock full of the newest goods which 
 come into the market. The arrangement of the store is 
 a feature of interest to every one visiting this place. 
 The strict adherauce to the principle of one price is a 
 prominent feature of the house, and has done much to 
 establish its popularity. 
 
 The individual members of the firm, S. Miller and L. 
 W. Grubb, have long been residents of Hazleton, and 
 are numbered among her most enterprising business 
 men. Mr. Miller controls a largi shoe trade in the 
 town, upon which we dwell at length elsewhere. No 
 other house or firm in this section of the country enjoy 
 a greater degree of prosperity than Messrs. Miller & 
 Grubb. 
 
 ALLISON, MANS & CO., 
 
 Founders and Machinists, Near Depot. 
 
 The firm of Allison, Mans & Co. is not to be omitted 
 from a work seeking to set forth in detail some adequate 
 exhibit of the resources of the Lehigh Valley. The 
 business was established several years ago aud from its 
 very inception has been eminently successful. The 
 plant of this hrm is situated in close proximity to the 
 depot, aud covers a large area of ground, the foundry and 
 machine shop being large, spacious, well-lighted 
 and admirably adapted to the purpose. They are fit- 
 ted with the most modern machinery and mechanical &p- 
 pliances, the machine shop being provided with machin- 
 ery some of which is remarkable for its size and adapta- 
 bility for the work for which it is especially constructed. 
 A large number of skilled aud competent machinists and 
 moulders are employed in the difl'erent departments of 
 labor, and the work turned out by this firm is noticea- 
 ble for its superior excellence, good workmanship amd 
 lasting qualities. 
 
 In the production of Mining Machinery this house 
 enjoy a monopoly of the especial goods they manufac- 
 ture, some of them being secured by patents which they 
 own, and are particularly adapted to the uses for which 
 it is designed. Among the specialties manufactured by 
 Messrs Allison, Mans & Co. may be mentioned, the 
 "Marklc Coal Crusher," "Wren Grate Bar," Engines, 
 Steam I'umps, Mine Cars, Wheels and Axles, Column, 
 Steam and Water I'ipe, Irou Railing, aud a general line 
 of mine machinery. 
 
 Familiar with the conversion and manipulation of 
 iron in all its forms, the ability and intelligence display, 
 ed by tlie proprietors of this house enables them to pro- 
 secme the business with an understanding and intelli- 
 gence rarely enjoyed, aud the firm occupy a standing, 
 and position in the calling, obtained only through meri- 
 torious work, and exceptional business qualities. They 
 are conservative, reliable and practical men, and enjoy 
 the confidence of their patrons to the fullest extent.— 
 The individual members of the firm are L. Sandidge 
 Allison, II. W. Mans, Charles Mans and Ilarrj* Johns,, 
 gentlemen well known in business circles. No enter- 
 prise in this section is better entitled to the position ii 
 has achieved than that of Messrs Allison, Mans & Co. 
 
 ARNOLD & KRELL, 
 
 The New Lion Brewery. 
 The consumption of malt beverages, as shown by the 
 recent industrial census of the United States, has in- 
 creased more than fifty per cent, in the last decade, and 
 the popularity of the beverages are manifest by the iu- 
 increase iu their consumption. Formerly the malt 
 liquors, or the greatest part of them that was consumed 
 iu this coimtry were imported from Europe, notably 
 Germany, which was thought to be the only country 
 in the world, that could produce beer iu its original ex- 
 cellence aud purity. That opinion has long ago been 
 exploded, by the practical solution that as good if not 
 superior beer could be brewed iu America. 
 
 In Hazleton the people have their wants in this direc- 
 tion supplied with an article, which stands second to 
 none in the Lehigh Valley, by the "Lion Brewery," 
 that is operated by Messrs Arnold & Krell, and known 
 throughout the Lehigh Valley, enjoying an enviable 
 reputation in that and adjacent sections of the country 
 for the purity of its brew, and the uniform excellence 
 of its products. Being near by a cool stream of pure wa" 
 ter a necessary adjunct to the manufacture of malt 
 liquors, with the other facilities enjoyed, enables them 
 to turn out a superior article. The best quality of malt 
 only is used here, and the appliances and machinery 
 used in the brewing are complete in every particular,, 
 and especially adapted for the most skiUful scientifie 
 prosecution of the work. Great care and cleanliness i* 
 exercised in all departments of the brewery, and the 
 beverage is always kept up to its standard uniform ex- 
 cellence. 
 
 The demands of the public for this popular beer, haT- 
 ing entirely outgrown the capacity of the Brewery, 
 the firm are this season building the finest aud most 
 complete Brewery in the Lehigh Valley. The new 
 building is 56)^x52 feet, three stories and basement, 
 with an improved patent ice house, which will keep 
 the whole building at any desired temperature, and 
 throughout the "New Lion Brewery," will be built upon 
 the most improved aud complete plan. When completed- 
 the capacity will be firm 12,000 to 15,000 barrels annually, 
 and the demand bids fair to require all that can be 
 made. 
 
 Possessing a thorough familiarity and understanding 
 of the business and its details, and knowing full well 
 that the public appreciate their ability to produce these 
 favorite beverages in its purity, this firm maintain their 
 reputation by never permitting an inferior article to 
 leave their establishment. 
 
 Messi-s Arnold & Krell are known to the public as 
 honorable, straight-forward gentlemen and to their trade 
 as capable intelligent brewers. Their enterprise gives- 
 employment to several men, both in the brewery and 
 delivery of their product, and in more ways than one 
 does their establishment conduce to the manufacturing 
 importance of the place. 
 
192 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 J. C. HAYDON&CO., 
 
 MiNEKS AND Shippers of Coal, Foundry and 
 Machine Shops, Jeanesville. 
 
 This pleasant mining town, three miles from Hazelton, 
 is one of the oldest and most enterprising coal towns in 
 the Lehigh region, and contains about half a dozen col- 
 lieries. In active operation here are the Spring Mountain 
 collieries, operated by the tirm of J. C. Ilaydou & Co. 
 These mines are worked under leasp, and all the coal 
 mined by this firm at these collieries is sold to the Le- 
 high Coal Company. This deposit is known as the 
 "Beaver Meadow Basin," and the coal is taken from the 
 Mammoth and Wharton veins. The production in 1880, 
 operating 189 days, was 178,000 tons, and the present out- 
 put is from l-'i.OOO to 18,000 tons permonth. These mines 
 were first opened about 1850, and there are now five 
 slopes ranging from 3o0 to 790 feet. The coal mined is 
 clean, bright and of excellent quality. The mines are 
 supplied with breakers, gigs and machinery of the most 
 improved character,aud are admirably equiped in all re- 
 spects. Messrs. Haydon & Co. also operate the well- 
 known Glendon mines in the Shenandoah region, pro- 
 ducing in 1880, 89,506 tons of coal, working 165 days. 
 They employ here about two hundred and forty men 
 in all capacities. This coal is sold through the firm of 
 Robinson, Haydon & Co., of 111 Broadway, New York. 
 This firm are large shippers of coal, and handle beside 
 the entire product of the Glendon Collieries, large quan- 
 tities of coal from this and other regions, and are 
 always prepared to quote the most favorable terms and 
 prices, and to fill promptly orders in any quantity, and 
 of any desired quality. 
 
 The firm of J. C. Haydon & C©. are proprietors of an 
 extensive foundry and machine shop at Jeanesville, 
 where they employ fifty men, and manufacture a large 
 amount of mining and mill machinery, engines, pumps, 
 etc., annually. These works are the principal industry 
 of the town, aside from mining, and are complete in all 
 respects, and fully prepared to turn out work in their 
 line, not excelled in any establishment in the Lehigh 
 Valley. The works were established in 1843, and came 
 under the proprietorship of Messrs. J. C. Haydon & Co., 
 in 1870; since when they have been largely improved, 
 and their capacity increased. Among the specialties 
 made here are the Bradley Patent Coal Gig, one of the 
 most succe.'^sful and efl'ective gigs in use, and one which 
 having been a long time in use, is offered to the trade 
 with the assurance that it is in all respects the equal of 
 any gig in the market. It is durable, simple in ccn- 
 struction, doing its work thoroughly, not liable to get 
 out of order, and occupying but small space. 
 
 The Allison Patent Steam Pump is one of the most im- 
 portant specialties made here. It is designed for heavy 
 mine work, and combines many special features which 
 have been fully tested. 
 
 .John Wootteu's blower and system of burning anthra- 
 cite coal dirt is also largely manufactured here. The 
 day will surely come when some plan will be adapted 
 to utilize coal dust. The inventor of this system claims 
 to have found it in sending a jet of steam from the 
 boiler through a peculiarly shaped valve, in such 
 a manner as to carry with it a large quantity of air, 
 making a forced blast through the coal. Besides these 
 specialties, Messrs. Haydon & Co. manufacture Engines, 
 Boilers, Pumps and mine machinery generally, and 
 have the machinery and necessary facilities for doing 
 anything in their line. The works are running to their 
 full capacity, and for the past year many orders have 
 been declined. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are J. C. Haydon, 
 of Jeansville, and Francis Robinson, of New York City. 
 The New York house is composed of the same gentle- 
 
 men, and Francis Robinson, Jr., under the firm name 
 of Robin.son, Haydon & Co. Their office is at No. Ill 
 Broadway, Trinity Building. 
 
 L. W. DRAKE, 
 
 The Hazleton Coffin and Casket Works. 
 
 Hazleton is known as one of the most enterprising 
 and thrifty towns both in an industrial and mercantile 
 point of view, in the Lehigh Valley. Situated in the 
 vicinity to large and wealthy coal fields, with an in- 
 dustrious and thrifty population, its development and 
 increase in business importance has been rapid, and 
 continuous. Much of the thrift of the place is due to 
 the able and indefatigible class of business men who 
 conduct their operations upon true business principles, 
 and give the town an air of thrift rarely manifest in 
 places of this size. Briefly mentioning the different 
 promiuent business houses here, that have conduced 
 not a little to the general welfare of the place, a brief 
 review of the enterprises of Mr. L. W. Drake is emi- 
 nently proper. The most important, the Hazleton 
 Coffin and Casket Works were established in 1877, and 
 this is the only regular Coffin Manufactory in the 
 Valley. With this advantage and possessing all needed 
 facilities, and the most improved machinery, . the 
 Hazleton Works have become widely known, and the 
 work turned out here finds a ready market. 
 
 All kinds of finished Wood Coffins and Caskets made 
 in about twenty different styles, finished in Wood or 
 cloth covered, and made under several patents owned 
 by Geo. Drake, are produced here, and the demand is 
 such as to compell the running of the works to their 
 fullest capacity. The trade extends not only to the 
 Lehigh Valley but far beyond the borders of the State, 
 and is steadily increasing. 
 
 Mr. Drake enjoys superior facilities for the prosecu- 
 tion of this business, occupying an immense building 
 150x60 feet, the plant covering a large area of ground, 
 including the Mill, Yards, Dry-house, etc. 
 
 In the different departments of labor about 45 men 
 are employed, and the works contain a full and com- 
 plete line of Wood Working Machinery and the best 
 appliances for the prosecution of the business. 
 
 In this special line of production Mr. Drake has no 
 competitor in this section, nor one anywhere that can 
 offer such marked advantages in prices, or supply 
 goods of such unequalled perfection. 
 
 Mr. Drake has been since 184G largely engaged in 
 building, owning the largest Planing Mill in this sec- 
 tion. All the fine public buildings of the town, the 
 handsome Central Hotel and Pardee & Markle's Bank 
 Building, are two lasting monuments of his skill and 
 ability. 
 
 The Hazleton Planing Mill has for years been head- 
 quarters for all builders in this section, and orders are 
 almost daily received from distant points. All plan- 
 ing mill work is done here, and aline of Sash, Doors, 
 Blinds, Mouldings, etc., of superior quality, extensive 
 and varied, is always in stock. Special orders for any 
 work in this line can always be filled on short notice. 
 Mr. Drake's thorough knowledge of the business in all 
 its details, enables him to turn out a superior class of 
 manufactured goods, which meets an active demand 
 in all the surrounding country. 
 
 In 1875 Mr. Drake opened in connection with his 
 other enterprises, a hardware store, which is located at 
 No. 30 West Broad Street, and is in all its appointments 
 one of the most attractive stores in town. His long ex- 
 perience as a builder enables him to place before the 
 public a stock of goods best adapted to their wants, and 
 he has been eminently successful in building up a 
 
IIESOTTRCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 193 
 
 /large and prnfita])lc trade. He carries iu stock a full 
 line of Builders' Hardware, imix^rted and American 
 ■Cutlery, an extensive stock of Paints, Oils, Glass, etc., 
 and a general line of Miners' Goods and Miners' Sup- 
 5)lies. 
 
 Nothing is kept in stock that will not bear recom- 
 :ineudation, and no misrepresentation of stack is ever 
 permitted. This estaDlislimeut, like the others men. 
 •tioned, is a credit to its proprietor, and an evidence of 
 his judgment and business ability. 
 
 Did our space permit, a more detailed account of these 
 •enterprises would be interesting, but while enough has 
 been said to give an idea of their extent and character, 
 it is due to the proprietor to say that his energy and 
 ■enterprise has done much to build up and foster the 
 material interests of Hazleton, and by the superior 
 ■ quality of his products an^ the extensive nature of 
 his operations, has tlic reputation of this busy thriving 
 ■town, as a manufacturing center, been widely ex- 
 tended. 
 
 ■J. F. B.\RBER & CO., 
 
 Stoves, Tin-ware, Lamp Goods, etc., 104 West 
 
 Bkoad Stkeet, 
 For twelve years the firm of J. F. Barber & Co. has oc- 
 >cupied more than ordinary position in the industrial 
 system of this community, and it is not to be overlook- 
 ed in a work devoted to a careful delineation of the 
 advantages and resources of Hazleton, as a trade cen- 
 tre. Tlie establishment refered to is located as above, 
 .and embraces a capacious store and basement, covering 
 .an area of 22x150 feet, and adapted both iu situation 
 and management forall the demands of business. Here 
 is conducted a large jobbing and retail trade, extend- 
 ing over this and adjacent counties, and handling an 
 ■extensive line of Parlor, Cook, and Office Stoves, Hea- 
 •ters. Ranges, Ventilators, Grates, and general mine 
 supplies in theirline, Tin-ware and Housekeepers goods, 
 •of all kinds, are always in store, the depletions of the 
 stock being always replenished by the best and most 
 serviceable goods obtainable in the market. Lamps and 
 Lamp Goods of all descriptions, makes and for every 
 purpose, are selected and kept iu stock to meet the im- 
 mediate and acting wants of trade. 
 
 This business is sub-divided under different heads 
 for facilities of operation. The basement being used 
 for storing, the first floor for the sale and display of 
 Stoves, Tin-ware, and Housekeepers' articles, while the 
 second is set apart for manufacturing purposes with a 
 storage left above this. Thirteen men are employed in 
 .the repair and prompt prosecution of the enterprise, the 
 .manufacturing business of the house in itself being a 
 large, and growing feature of the trade. The business 
 is one of the oldest and best known in this section, hav- 
 ing been establi-shed about thirty years ago, but only 
 with the accession of the present proprietors at the head 
 of the huuse did its af^ai s assume anything like its pres- 
 ent importance. 
 
 The individual members of the firm are John F. & 
 Charles W. Barber, both known to the public as enter- 
 prising energetic business men, who have by their un- 
 tiring energy and native business ability, pushed them- 
 selves to a position of importance among the business 
 men of the community. They are practical to the bus- 
 iness, and careful discerning tradesmen, and ofler su- 
 perior inducements to i)arties favoring thoni with their 
 patronage. We can heartily commend this house to the 
 public for houoiable dealings and their ablility to sup- 
 ply fir.st-class goods, at bnv prices, features of business 
 enterprise that the trade will never be slow to appreci- 
 
 .'STEVENS BROS., 
 
 Painters and Paper Hangers, No. 103 East 
 Bkoad Street. 
 
 This is one of the newer industrial and mercantile es- 
 tablishments of the Lehigh Valley, and altliough several 
 branches of the mercantile and industrial trade are 
 represented, we are compelled to admit that each de- 
 partment receives its proper care and attention. The 
 stock in each department is full and complete. Wall 
 Papers, Window Shades and Fixtures are kept iu stock, 
 the former being displayed of the neatest designs and 
 most stylish patterns, while the latter are corresponding 
 in both style and durability. Stationery goods. Writing, 
 Note Paper, Box Paper, Papcterie, and a general line of 
 Blank Books and Stationer's goods are kept constantly 
 before the public. Paints, Oils, Glassand Painter's ma- 
 terial generally are kept in great abundance, and of 
 recognized purity and excellence. They also conduct 
 the Painting and Graining and interior Decorating 
 business in a manner highly creditable to the firm and 
 to the town, their reputation iu this line extending to 
 distant parts of the State. Mr. Stevens is the inventor 
 of a process for varnishing paper, which does away with 
 sizing and avoids all possibility of spoiling even the 
 finest tinted pajiers, and forms a glossy linish, hand- 
 some and durable. Four assistants are employed 
 in the different departments, and prompt and imme. 
 diate attention is given the demands of the public. 
 
 This firm are recognized among the best artists in 
 their special line iu this section, and evidences of their 
 taste and ability are apparent upon several of the finest 
 111 uses of the town. 
 
 The members of the firm are W. W. Stevens and A. L. 
 Stevens, both of whom are known to the community as 
 honorable business men decidedly in earnest with their 
 enterprise. 
 
 SPAIDE BROS, 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, 32 East Broad 
 Street. 
 
 In Hazleton there are a number of merchants conduct- 
 ing the grocery and provision business, none of which 
 however, are more prominent with the trade, or more 
 popular with the public than the firm of Messrs. Spaide 
 Brothers, who occupy the eligible business house No. 
 32 East Broad Street. This business was established in 
 1878, and may yet be called comparatively young, but 
 the ability with -which it is managed will warrant the 
 assertion that its success is already an accepted fact, 
 and its prosperity and standing is being strengthened 
 and increased every year. Carrying at all times a line 
 of pure and fresh, tine and staple Groceries, Teas, Cof- 
 fees, Spices, Canned Goods, Provisions, Meats, and Fish, 
 with a large line of Glass and Queensware, it is not dif- 
 ficult to conceive that the affairs of this house are prop- 
 erly conducted, and itsability to supply the public with 
 all the goods pertaining to the trade is unexcelled. 
 
 In the transactions of the affairs of the firm five men 
 besides the proprietors are constantly employed, which 
 may serve to give an idea to the general reader of the 
 extent the business of this house has reached. They 
 carry only the best fine and medium grades of goods, 
 represent in accordance with the fact, and sell at mod- 
 erate prices. 
 
 The individual members of the firm, Levi and Simon 
 Spaide. are business men of more than ordinary ability 
 and intelligence, which is illustrated by the fact that 
 they have so soon worked their way upwards from a 
 small beginning to their present importance in the mer- 
 cantile interests of ilazletou. 
 
194 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 A. PARDEE & CO., 
 
 Miners and Shippers of Coal. 
 
 The Lehigh Valley and its tributaries forms one of 
 richest and most interesting sections of the Common- 
 wealth ; the most causal observer cannot fail to be im- 
 pressed with this fact. Pursueing our more careful in- 
 vestigation of its varied industries ns far as Hazleton. 
 we find ourselves in one of the richest and most pro- 
 ductive coal producing sections of the State, and among 
 men widely known as miners and shippers of this, the 
 important product of nature's laboratory. The mines 
 here were among the first opened, their product ranks 
 first in quality, and comparatively only a beginning has 
 been made in bringing to the surface this almost inex- 
 haustable source of wealth. 
 
 The anthracite coal fields of Pennsylvania comprise 
 an area of 309,120 acres. Lying in four great natural 
 divisions known as the First or Southern, comprising 
 101,760 acres; Second or Middle of 58,880 acres; Third 
 or Northern 124,160 acres, and the Lehigh Coal Fields 
 24,320 acres. In the first three fields the deposits are in 
 a single basin, while in the Lehigh the deposit is found 
 in several smaller basins, detached, broken and con- 
 torted, but the same veins of coal, and the same char- 
 acteristics prevail in each. The principal veins worked 
 are known to the trade as the Mammoth, Buck Moun- 
 tain and Wharton, but under and over lying these are 
 several smaller veins not as yet developed to any con- 
 siderable extent. 
 
 The coal of this region is noted for its excellent qual- 
 ity, and is recognized by the trade as being the finest in 
 market. The mines are all worked on the slope prin- 
 ciple with latest improved machinery and best appli- 
 ances for bringing the coal to the surface, while trans- 
 portation facilities are unsurpassed, and coal can be 
 landed at tide water at minimum cost. 
 
 Some of the largest operators in the State are here. 
 Among them being notably Mr. Ario Pardee, who is 
 probably the heaviest individual miner of coal in the 
 entire State. The enterprises with which he is connect- 
 ed are so varied, and yet so intimately related with 
 each other that we shall treat of them collectively in 
 this article, as the most available manner of presenting 
 a correct idea of them. 
 
 The first and most important is the firm of A. Pardee 
 & Co., which is composed of Ario Pardee, and the heirs 
 of J. Gillingham Fell. This firm operate the Hazleton, 
 Hazleton No. 3 and No. 6, Sugar Loaf, South Sugar Loaf, 
 Laurel Hill, Cranberry and Crystal Kidge Mines. These 
 mines produred in 1880, 503,222 tons of coal, and are 
 now producing about 60,000 tons per month. The force 
 of men employed in all capacities is about 1,650, and 
 the monthly pay roll amounts to over $50,000. The 
 breakers, machinery and appliances are all first-class, 
 and the mines are worked with every possible care for 
 the safety of the men. This firm are operating and 
 have under lease about 4,600 acres of coal laud. They 
 have at each of the mines a village which they own, 
 and supply their men from their own stores. In Hazle- 
 ton the largest and one of the finest stores in town is 
 that of A. Pardee & Co., and the principal Grist Mill, as 
 well as one of the Machine Shops of the town, is owned 
 and operated by them. 
 
 Next in point of importance as operators is the firm of 
 Pardee, Bro. & Co., composed of A. Pardee, Jr., M. M. 
 Cooper, Calvin Pardee and Ario Pardee, operating the 
 Lattimer Collieries No. 1 and 2, consisting of 650 acres. 
 About four hundred men and twenty-five mules are 
 employed, and the mines produced in 1880, working 175 
 days, 218,000 tons of coal, and are now worked to a 
 capacity of 25,000 tons per month. 
 
 Next in importance comes the firm of Pardee, Sons & 
 Co., composed of Ario Pardee, the heirsof J. Gillingham 
 
 Fell, Ario Pardee, Jr., and Calvin Pardee. This firni 
 operare the Mt. Pleasan t Collieries, consisting of about, 
 eight hundred and fifty acres of land. Here they employ 
 three hundred men in different capacities, and about 
 forty mules, producing in 1880, 94,267 tons of coal, and' 
 now operated at the rate of about 14,000 tons per mouth. 
 
 We have left for the last a brief description of the- 
 Holly Wood Colliery, operated by the firm of Calvin^ 
 Pardee & Co. This firm is composed of Calvin Pardee,, 
 the heirsof J. Gillingham Fell, A. Pardee andA.Pardee,. 
 Jr. The Holly Wood Collieries are worked in part in a. 
 diflTereut manner, a more particulardescription than we 
 are able to give would be of interest as it would afford, 
 to these unacquainted with the manner in which coal>- 
 is found, and the plan upon which it is mined, an in- 
 teresting explanation which our space will not admit. 
 Suffice to say, a portion of Jhe mine which had been- 
 worked on the slope principle has been increased by 
 the ramoval of 125,000 to 150,000 cubic yards of earth and. 
 rock, exposing a vein of the best quality of coal, thirty- 
 five feet thick, all of which can be removed, and at a 
 cost far below the former plan. Here the uninitiated. 
 can see at a glance the manner of opening and working 
 a coal mine, and the whole system of breasts, gangway s,. 
 airways, etc., much better than by exploring these mys- 
 teries in the mines. The unusual thickness of the vein^ 
 at this point, its nearness to the surface and the ease 
 with which it can be worked, promises a rich reward 
 for the energy and business sagacity that prompted such 
 an outlay of capital. 
 
 The product of these strippings is only a small portion, 
 of the coal mined by this firm. They have besides at. 
 No. 1 a breaker with full compliment of screens, gigs. 
 and other machinery, and produced in 1880, working. 
 179 days, about 95,000 tons of coal, the Mammoth vein, 
 being the one worked. The present out-put is about 
 13,000 tons per month, the number of men employed in> 
 all capacities being about three hundred. 
 
 The out-put of all these mines is handled by the firm, 
 of A. Pardee & Co., who are exclusive agents. This- 
 firm has oflSces in New York, Philadelphia and Boston. 
 The Philadelphia office being at No. 237 South Third 
 Street, in charge of H. C. Cochran. The New York office 
 is at No. Ill Broadway, Trinity Building, under the 
 management of Wm. Mershou. 
 
 A. Pardee & Co. will this year handle over one million, 
 tons of coal. We believe this will constitute them the 
 most extensive individual shippers of anthracite coal in 
 America. The quality of this coal has already been 
 mentioned, and its reputation with the trade cannot be 
 enhanced by any words we may use. 
 
 Of the individual members of these several firms it is- 
 not our purpose to speak at length. Suffice to say, they 
 are widely known, and universally esteemed as enter- 
 prising, honorable business men. No name is so closely 
 identified with the material prosperity of Hazleton as- 
 that of Pardee, and the whole Lehigh Valley owes much 
 of its present prosperity, commercial and manufactur- 
 ing importance to Ario Pardee, who when a young man 
 came herewith no other capital than health, energy 
 and indomiable perseverance, and now as a man of 
 ripened years and ample experience is at the head of 
 some of its most important enterprises. 
 
 The firm of A. Pardee & Co. are always prepared to 
 supply in any quantity, coal of any grade, or for any 
 purpose on the most favorable terms. 
 
 MCNAIR& HOAGLAND, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Druggists, No. 9 Bkoad 
 
 Street. 
 The drug business in its highest development is well 
 represented in Hazleton, and by no firm better than Mc- 
 Nair & Hoagland, who occupy one of the finest Drug 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 195 
 
 •Stores In the Lehigh Vulley located at No. 9 West Broad 
 :Street, where they clisi)luy a stook of goods, which for 
 -quality, neatness of arrangement, intrinsic value, is not 
 surpassed in any town of this size in the State. It will 
 be of interest to note the number of changes in the 
 .house since its inception by Dr. Wells, fifteen years ago. 
 After conducting the business for some time, the Dr. 
 was succeeded by Jenkins & Foutz, who in time were 
 succeeded by Brickley & McNair in July 187o. In June 
 
 1879, by the withdrawal of Mr. hrickley, Mr. McNair 
 'became sole proprietor, and continued the management 
 
 of the busine.Sii alone mitil April, 18S1, when by the as- 
 sociation of Mr. lloagland in the business the firm as- 
 sumed its present style and title. 
 
 A large doub' building divided into two departments, 
 174x84 feet is occupied, and constantly filled with the 
 best goods iu_the market. A valuable stock of Drugs, 
 Medicines, Perfumery, Toilet and Fancy Goods, Paintp, 
 •Oils and Glass, is carried, no article being wanted to 
 make the stock complete. The firm conducts a large 
 prescription business, the qualifications of its members 
 'being considered by the medical profes.sion first-class, 
 -and great care is taken in accurately compounding, no 
 ■drugs but the best and freshest entering into any of the 
 preparations. The house have several specialties of 
 their own compounding, which enjoy the highest repu- 
 tation for efficacy, and freedom from harmful drug.s. 
 One of the prominent articles this house offers the trade 
 is Mc.S'air's Corn destroyer, an article of recognized 
 merit. For any case wherein this remedy is used' 
 strictly in accordance with directions, and the results 
 desired is not achieved, they offer to pay a reward of 
 •510. Ready-mixed Paints of all colors and shades for 
 painting houses and other buildings is a large feature of 
 trade, while several other equally meritorious lines of 
 %goods are carried. 
 
 The individual members of the firm, J. Sharon Mc- 
 Nair and W. J. Hoagland.are both practical to the busi- 
 ness and attentive to its details, careful and discerning 
 in its prosecution. 
 
 H. J. SCHLEPPY, 
 
 Dry Goods and Carpets, West Broad Street. 
 Conspicuous among the public spirited and enterpris- 
 ing business houses of Hazleton may be mentioned that 
 ofH J. Schleppy, who conducts a large trade in Dry 
 •Goods, Carpets, etc. This establishment has been in 
 operation for more than fifteen years, but under the 
 .management of the present proprietor, only since April, 
 
 1880. The premises occupied, are admirably located in 
 the most central and convenient part of the city, and 
 
 -are finely appointed, and arranged for the purpo.se to 
 which they are applied. The room used for the display 
 and sale of goods is 20x80 feet in dimensions, the front 
 being provided with large, plate windows, while the in- 
 terior arrangement and furnishing of the store, is per- 
 fect and complete in every particular. One of the larg- 
 est and finest .'■t jcks of goods, to be found in Hazle- 
 ton, are here constantly on hund.cnibnicing Dry Goods, 
 Dress Goods, Silks, Cassimers, and Domestic prints, and 
 -a general line of such goods as carried in the large 
 stores of the metropolitan cities. A department is de- 
 voted to the sale of Carpets, in which a large business 
 is transacted, Mr. Schleppy, enjoying an excellent repu- 
 tation in this class of goods. Wilton, Axiniuister, Brus- 
 sels, and all the better and medium grades of Carpets 
 -are kept in stock. The trade of this house is very large 
 each year, and that is constantly growing may be in- 
 ferred from the extra facilities brought into requisition 
 to meet the dcmiinds of trade. Thice assi.>.tants are 
 constantly in attendance, and the entire business pre- 
 sided over by the pniprietor. The policy of this house 
 ihas always been fair dealing, and to that and the ex- 
 
 cellent quality of the goods kept for sale, the trade is 
 principally due. 
 
 Mr. H. J. Schleppy is a native of Northampton coun- 
 ty, was born near Nazareth, and has spent his whole 
 life in this section of the country. In early life he 
 familiarized hini.self with the business which he was 
 destined to follow, and his presence and enterpri.se have 
 Ijeen of decided advantage to the material welfare and 
 improvemeutof Hazleton. A courtious,afTable geutlemau 
 and a just, honorable merchant, the place he holds in 
 the social and mercantile circles of this city, are justly 
 deserved and merited. 
 
 GEORGE H. RICE, 
 
 Singer Manufacturing Company, North Wyom- 
 ing Street. 
 
 Mr. Rice has been established in his present quarters 
 about four years, and the large number of Singer Sew. 
 ing Machines he has sold during that peri(jd attest 
 plainly the superiority of this machine and the popu- 
 larity of the agent. It seems hardly necessary for us to 
 dwell at any length upon the merits of "The Singer," as 
 they are already well-known to all the sewing people ia 
 the community. They claim many important advan- 
 tages over other machines, and upon these claims they 
 have been awarded innumerable medals and diplomas 
 from State, national and industrial exhibitions, in com- 
 petition with other macliines. The annual sales of 
 this Company in all sections reached in 1880, .■)38,609 ma. 
 chines, which fact can be appropriately stated to show 
 their popularity in all parts of the world. The basis 
 upon which this Company transact its business are 
 liberal, and calculated to inspire the people with confi- 
 dence. The Singer Sewing Machines are sold upon the 
 instalment plan, by which policy people in moderate 
 circumstances can produce a machine by the payment 
 of a nominal sum monthly until the machine is finally 
 paid for. 
 
 The agent, Mr. Rice, attends personally to the wants 
 of the people in Hazleton, and manages the affairs of 
 his business with discernment and discretion, and the 
 Company are to be congratulated upon securing his 
 services to act as agent between them and the public. 
 
 MOUNTAIN CITY TEA STORE, 
 
 F. G. DoDSON, Proprietor, No. 21 West Broad 
 Street. 
 
 The Mountain City Tea Store is an enterprise of 
 which Hazleton may justly feel proud. Although 
 having began its operations recently as April, 1880, it is 
 however none the less popular, tfnd gives unmis- 
 takable evidences of rapid growth and financial pros- 
 perity. F. G. Dodson, the proprietor, belongs to that 
 active classof business men who beside capital, invest 
 energy, enterprise and ability into their business affairs. 
 Thoroughly honorable and capable, his business is 
 managed in such a way as serves to draw hiin a fine 
 and growing patronage. In stock at all seasons may be 
 found a full line of Teas, in all varieties of China and 
 Japanese growth, strictly pure, unadulterated and fresh 
 spices, ground and whole ; pure, and fresh Groceries, 
 staple and fancy Canned Goods, Provisions, .Meats, Flour, 
 of the best makes, China, Glass and Qiieensware. Mr. 
 Dodson purchases chiefly for cash, and only from the 
 most reliable houses, and consequently can recom- 
 mend his goods. A specialty of trade may be said, is 
 Tea and Coffee, for which unequalled facilities are en- 
 joyed in its purchase and proper Inindling. 
 
 Mr. Dodson is a thorough judge of the article, and his 
 customers having the benefit of his experience, are par- 
 ticularly well served in this line of goods. He is a re.si- 
 dent of Hazelton, is known by the public as an honora- 
 ble, upright business man, and straight-forward citizen. 
 
196 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 COXE BROS. & CO., 
 
 Miners and Shippers of Coal, Drifton. 
 
 A quarter of a ceutiiry ago the vast and invaluable 
 fields of coal deposited so fortunately along the Lehigh 
 Valley, were yet undiscovered, obscure, or their proper 
 value was not appreciated. Even after their accidental 
 discovery, no one at that time would have ventured to 
 predict the great and important source of wealth it has 
 proved to Penn.-ivlvania, nor the effect it has had upon 
 the financial attains of this country. Lying hidden for 
 ages beneath the virgin soil of the State, this treasure 
 has been left for the present generation to de- 
 velop. The wild region of the Lehigh, has been tra- 
 versed by railways from all directions, and its rugged 
 mountains echo to the thunder of the Iron Horse, 
 bearing from its practically inexhaustible store house 
 millions of tons annually of fuel that furnishes good 
 light and motive power for millions of people and 
 countless industries. 
 
 The several deposits seem inexhaustible in their wealth, 
 and despite the inroads of the army of miners, with 
 their improved machinery and appliances, and the de- 
 mands of the world for the product, they will remain 
 a fertile source of supply for years to come. 
 
 In visiting the different mines of the Lehigh Valley, 
 we have been impressed with the magnitude of the op 
 erations, and their claims forspecial mention in a work 
 of this kind, intended to display the resources of this 
 important section. Near Hazelton, in the handsomest 
 and most attractive mining town it has been our for- 
 tune to visit, we find the extensive mines of Coxe Bros 
 & Co. .who are among the most important and extensive 
 private operators in the State. 
 
 Their mines at Drifton were first opened in 1865, and 
 they are now operating three slopes, with three break" 
 ers, and bringing to the surface about 4.'),000 tons per 
 month. They give constant employment to about 1,500 
 men, and one hundred and fifty mules, employing in 
 the operation of their mines, the latest and most im- 
 proved machinery and appliances. Indeed the mines 
 operated by Messrs. Coxe Bros. & Co. are noted as being 
 the most complete in arrangement and in detail of any 
 in this section, if not in the whole State. The village 
 of Drifton is composed of about three hundred houses, 
 all owned by the firm. It is lighted by gas, and contains 
 the finest public hall to be found in any town of its 
 size probably in America. It was built in 1878 to give 
 their men an opportunity for innocent and healthful 
 amusement, and contains beside the main hall, which 
 is capable of seatiog 1,200, a reading room, well supplied 
 with periodicals and magazines, and a library of about 
 one thousand standard books, to which all the resi- 
 dents of the place, have free access. No intoxicating 
 liquors are sold in the town. 
 
 The individual members of the firm, are Eckley B. 
 Coxe, Alex. B. Coxe, Henry B. Coxe, estate of Charles B 
 Coxe. The former, Eckley B. Coxe, is the present State 
 Senator. The firm is well known to need any words of 
 lauudation in this work. Among the miners and ship- 
 pers of Coal the firm of Coxe Bros. &Co. occupies a prom- 
 inent position, and enjoys among business men general- 
 ly, a reputation for upright dealing, commendable enter- 
 prise and strict integrity. The New York office is at 111 
 Broadway, with branch office at 26 Exchange Place, 
 Boston; 94 Dearborn street, Chicago, and 206 Walnut 
 Place, Philadelphia. E. B. & S. W. Ely are the New 
 York agents. 
 
 S. MILLER, 
 
 Boots and Shoes, 26 and 28 W. Broad Street. 
 Among the establisliments in Hazleton, whose busi- 
 ness aftairs have extended largely, entitling it to a 
 
 prominent place in our work, is the house of S. Miller,, 
 dealer in Boots and Shoes. This enterprise was es- 
 tablished in 1864 by the present proprietor, with com- 
 parative small resources and limited facilities, but. 
 investing in the management of the house pluck, de- 
 termination and executive ability, the trade soon began, 
 to assume pro.sperous indications, and to-day the house- 
 does one of the most important trades in the line that. 
 is conducted in the Lehigh Valley. 
 
 Most excellent premises are occupied by Mr. Miller,, 
 two adjoining stores being devoted to the business.- 
 They are both large and finely appointed rocmis, with 
 all the best fa<dlities for the prosecution of the trade.. 
 Situated on the central thoroughfare of trade, the ap- 
 pearance of the stores, together with the completeness- 
 and fullness of the stock, attract the attention of alL 
 passens. The business is divided into two departments,. 
 on( being devoted to the sale and display of shoes,, 
 gaiters, slippers, and goods for Ladies, Misses, and 
 Children, embracing goods of the best make and finish 
 The other department is replete with a line of Boots- 
 and Shoes, for men, boys, youths and children, ad- 
 apted to meet the wants of all. Six courteous and at- 
 tentive salesmen and ladies are here employed. The 
 arrangement of the interior of the stores are complete- 
 in all their details, and the business is reduced to a. 
 perfect system. 
 
 No dealer in Hazleton is more thoroughly com- 
 petent to conduct this business than Mr. Miller, his 
 long practical experience and thorough understanding 
 of the trade enables him to select the best makes, most 
 durable and best finished goods to be obtained in the 
 market. Mr. Miller has also an interest in the Oak. 
 Hall Clothing House, the largest clothing store in town 
 and is also proprietor of a large store at New London,, 
 where he deals very largely in Boots and Shoes 
 Clothing, Hats and Caps and Furnishing Goods. Mr. 
 Miller by his various enterprises contributes much to 
 the mercantile development of Hazleton, and is re- 
 garded as a good business man and a public spirited 
 citizen. 
 
 G. D. GORMAN, 
 
 Dry Goods and Notions, 37 and 39 West Broad- 
 Street. 
 In Hazleton there are a number of prominent, en- 
 ergetic business men, conducting diflTerent branches of 
 mercantile industry, none of whom are more promi- 
 nent than Mr. G. D. Gorman, dealer in Dry Goods and 
 Notions. The business of this house date back to 1869, 
 when it was established by the present proprietor, at 
 the same admirable location now occupied. A large 
 double building, Nos. 37 and 39 West Broad street, where 
 ample facilities are enjoyed for the display and sale of 
 goods. Five capable and courteous assistants are employ- 
 ed, and give their best attention to the prompt discharge 
 of the business affairs of the house. It would be dif- 
 ficult indeed to give anything like a detailed list of 
 the articles dealt in by this hou.se, in part we mention 
 Dry Goods, Ladies' Dolmans, Ulsters, Cloaks and Suits, 
 Misses and Children's Suits, Cloth and Flannel Suitiugs>- 
 Cashmers, Poplins, Silks, Satins and Brocades, Black 
 Silks and Cashmers, all grades and prices. Hosiery,- 
 Gloves, Notions, Ribbons, Trimmings, Laces, Embroid- 
 eries, White Goods, etc. A specialty is made of Dress- 
 Gloves for ladies, this house being agent for the cele- 
 brated "Foster" kid gloves, and other popular makes- 
 are kept in stock. So vast, varied and well assorted in 
 this stock of goods, that it is almost impossible to men- 
 tion anything needed by the ladies that cannot be pur- 
 chased here. Suffice to say in all department-^ the stock 
 is always complete. The trade enjoyed by this enterprise 
 
RESOITRCES OF TIIK LEIIIGII VALLEY. 
 
 197 
 
 Is large and prosperous, mmiy of the people of Ilazleton 
 have been patrons of the house since its inccptiou. The 
 policy upon which the business is conducted, is liberal 
 and generous, and all having business intercourse with 
 the establishment will find it of a most pleasant and 
 profitable character. 
 
 Mr. G. D. Gorman is a native of Hazleton, and Is 
 known by his intercourse among citizens, to be honora- 
 ble and ui>right in all his affairs. He is a gentlemani 
 cmtributing much by his interest in tlie borough to its 
 
 mxterial welfare. 
 
 « 
 
 I A'DKRBURN, SMITH & DEISROTH, 
 
 Dkv Goods, N()tion.s, Oil Cloths, Carpets and 
 FuRNiTi'RE, Corner of Broad, Laurel and 
 Mine Streets. 
 
 It Is with pleasure tliat we present for the considera- 
 tion of our readers some facts with regard to the house 
 of Lauderburn, Smith &Deisroth. The large, handsome 
 and splendidly stocked establishment, located at the 
 corner of Broad and Laurel streets, is 28 feet front, 
 running back todep>th of 150 feet, three stores and base- 
 ment, the building being a finely appointed commo- 
 dious structure, imparting a business appearance to this 
 section of the town. The store is filled from end to end 
 with as large, varied and attractive line of goods, as 
 any one could desire, and the stock is kept supplied 
 with frequent invoices of all staple and standard goods.as 
 well as the latest novelties and newest patterns. The 
 tasteful manner in which the goods are displayed, the 
 perfect neatness in which everthing is kept, makes this 
 establishment particularly attractive, and speaks vol- 
 umes for the good taste and high appreciatiom of the 
 advantages to be derived from an attractive and pleas- 
 ant place in wliich to greet customers. 
 
 Here at all times may be found, a very complete as- 
 sortment of Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, Foreign and 
 Domestic, embracing a wide range in the varied de- 
 partments of textile fabrics and affording an oportunity 
 for selection rarely obtainable outside of the great mar- 
 kets of the country. Notions of the newe»t and finest 
 manufacture for ladies' and gents', are also in stock, 
 while Furniture of the newest patterns, best designs and 
 most durable, go to make the store complete in its abil- 
 ity to meet the wants of the general public, and shop- 
 pers. They also carry a full line of Carpets of every 
 grade, make and quality, imported and domestic, Mat- 
 tings, Rugs, Druggets, Oil Cloths and every qualities of 
 floor coverings, selected with a comprehensive knowl- 
 edge of the business, and a nice discrimination as to 
 the exact requirements of the trade. The business is 
 derived from the best residents of the community, and 
 an active jobbing demand from small store keepers in 
 the surrounding neighborliood. 
 
 Since the establishment in 1S60, by F. Lauderburn it 
 Co., this house has always held a prominent position in 
 the trade through all the changes incidental to n 
 career, covering a period of nearly a quarter of a cen- 
 tury. From its title, tliis house after a continuation of 
 nine years, becanfe Laudcrburu, Smith & Deisroth, 
 under which title the business lias been conducted for 
 the past eleven years, witli seven assistants, and three 
 large floors, with the basement stored with goods, it may 
 readily be inferred tliat tliere is no more important dis- 
 tributing house in this section of llie country. 
 
 The firm is composed of F. Lauderburn, a native of 
 Westmorland county. Pa., Sampson Smith, of Luzerne 
 county, and I'eter Deismlh, of Luzerne county. They 
 are all gentlemen of prominence in mercantile life 
 with extensive business ucquainlauce, and superior ex- 
 ecutive ability, and to them is due not a little of the 
 
 credit of giving Hazleton a repufntion as a mprcantile 
 centre, such as witlio\it tliem the lown wliould never 
 have enjoyed. Cordially commending this house to the 
 public and the trade, and directing attention to the 
 manner in which it is cMiducted, and the amplitude 
 of its resources, it may be properly ad<led, that ranking 
 among the first in the time of its cotemporaries, the es- 
 tablishment of Lauderburn, Smith & Deisroth is of tliat 
 class which commands the respect of the trade, and 
 consideration of the community at large. 
 
 E. J. RODGERS, 
 
 Furniture, Carpets, etc., IOC We.st Broad St. 
 
 This widely known house was established thirteen 
 years ago by Hooven, Fernan & Montz. Mr. Rodgers 
 became interested in the business in 1877, and has since 
 enjoyed a i)eriod of pros|n'rity and financial success. 
 The premises occupied are situated on Broad Street, the 
 main thoroughfare of the town; the building is one of 
 the adornments to Hazleton, The store room has a 
 frontage of thirty feet, extending back to the depth of 
 one hundred feet, and is adnrirably fitted up for the 
 rapid and convenient transaction of business. 
 
 The stock embraces Carpets of every grade, make and 
 quality, imported and domestic, Rugs, Druggets. Mat- 
 tings, Oil Cloths, arid every kind of floor covering 
 Furniture of all the finest makes, most unique, and 
 striking designs for chambers, dining rooms, parlors ; 
 Picture Frames, Brackets and Cornices. The stock is 
 made of the best woods, by the best workmen and com- 
 prises an assortment from which may be selected 
 articles in this line to suit the tastes, and come witliin 
 the means of all. This store has also a department for 
 the sale of sewing machines and supplies of all kinds, 
 from whence may be obtained any article desired con- 
 nected with the .standard machines, while the machines 
 themselves are sold and extensively handled. Mr. 
 Rogers is agent for Stewart's Singer Machine, a fiimily 
 Sewing Machine, known in all parts of the coinitry and 
 deservedly pjpular wherever used. The Howe, Rem- 
 ington and Household, are also dealt in, a general as. 
 sortment of each being kept in stock from which to 
 select. 
 
 Mr. Rogers is a sharp, discerning business man, and 
 enjoys a large and growing trade among the residents 
 of this town and surrounding community. 
 
 A. J.SWALM, 
 
 Groceries and Provision.s, Corner of Broad 
 
 AND Laurel Streets. 
 A. J. Swalm is a na'ive of Schuylkill county. Pa., but 
 has resided here for several years. The business at 
 these premises was started in 1874, and the operations 
 continued by the founder of the house unlil 1879, wlien 
 Mr. Swalm became jiroprietor. Occupying one of the 
 most eligible locations in town, at the corner of Broad 
 and Laurel streets, central and convenient, in a hand- 
 some building, 20x45 feet dimensions, which is well 
 adapted to the business. A fine and well assorted stock 
 of goods, embracing fine and staple Groceries. Canned 
 Goods, Teas, Coftees, Spices, Pioduce, Provisions, etc.. 
 representing a large aggiegate value in money, are 
 constantly in stock. In Green Groceries, Mr. iSwalm car- 
 ries deeiilidly the largest stock in town, and his store is 
 headquarters for goods in this line. The goods are 
 purchased to meet the immediate wants of trade, the 
 stock frequently depleted and daily replenished, con- 
 sequently it is always fresh and pure. In every depart- 
 ment of the store the stock is always replete with the 
 best and medium gradeofgoods.no iuferioi- stock being 
 permitted in the house. Mr. Swalm is a gentleman oc- 
 cupying an important position in business circles. 
 
IPPENDIX. 
 
 THE PRODUCTION OF ANTHRACITE COAL. 
 
 The shipment of Anthracite as reported by J. 
 H. Jones, accountant of the Anthracite coal 
 statistics, was as stated below. Coal used in and 
 about the mines not included in these statements ; 
 the amount will average eight per cent, of the 
 shipments. 
 
 Year. 
 
 SchuylkiU 
 
 1820 
 
 
 1821 
 
 
 1822 
 
 1,480 
 
 1823 
 
 1,128 
 
 1824 
 
 1.567 
 
 1825 
 
 6,500 
 
 1826 
 
 16,767 
 
 1827 
 
 31,360 
 
 1828 
 
 47,284 
 
 1829 
 
 79,973 
 
 1830 
 
 89,984 
 
 1831 
 
 81,854 
 
 1832 
 
 209,271 
 
 1833 
 
 252,971 
 
 1834 
 
 226,692 
 
 1835 
 
 339,508 
 
 1836 
 
 432,045 
 
 1837 
 
 530,152 
 
 1838 
 
 446,875 
 
 1839 
 
 475,077 
 
 1840 
 
 490 596 
 
 1841 
 
 624,466 
 
 1842 
 
 583,2;3 
 
 1843 
 
 710,200 
 
 1844 
 
 887,937 
 
 1845 
 
 1,131,724 
 
 1846 
 
 1,308,500 
 
 1847 
 
 1,665,735 
 
 1848 
 
 1,733 721 
 
 1849 
 
 1,728,500 
 
 a850 
 
 1,840,620 
 
 1851 
 
 2,328,225 
 
 1852 
 
 2,637,835 
 
 1853 
 
 2,665,110 
 
 1854 
 
 3,291,670 
 
 1855 
 
 3,552,943 
 
 1856 
 
 3,603,029 
 
 1857 
 
 3.373,797 
 
 1858 
 
 3,273,245 
 
 1859 
 
 3,448,708 
 
 1860 
 
 3,749,632 
 
 1861 
 
 3,160,747 
 
 1862 
 
 3,372.583 
 
 1863 
 
 3,911 683 
 
 1864 
 
 4,161.970 
 
 1865 
 
 4,356,959 
 
 1866 
 
 6.787.902 
 
 1867 
 
 5,161,671 
 
 1868 
 
 5.330 737 
 
 1869 
 
 5,775,138 
 
 1870 
 
 4,968,157 
 
 1871 
 
 6 552.772 
 
 1872 
 
 6 694.890 
 
 1873 
 
 7,212,601 
 
 1874 
 
 6,866,877 
 
 1875 
 
 6.281.712 
 
 1876 
 
 6,221.934 
 
 1877 
 
 8,195,042 
 
 1878 
 
 6.282.226 
 
 1879 
 
 8,960 329 
 
 1880 
 
 7,554,742 
 
 Lehigh. 
 
 365 
 
 1,073 
 
 2,240 
 
 5,823 
 
 9,542 
 
 28,393 
 
 31,280 
 
 32,074 
 
 30,232 
 
 25,110 
 
 41,750 
 
 40,966 
 
 70,000 
 
 123,001 
 
 106,244 
 
 131,250 
 
 148,211 
 
 223,902 
 
 213,615 
 
 221,025 
 
 225,313 
 
 143,037 
 
 272,540 
 
 267,793 
 
 377,002 
 
 409,453 
 
 517,116 
 
 633,507 
 
 670,321 
 
 781,656 
 
 690,456 
 
 764,224 
 
 1,071,136 
 
 1,054,309 
 
 1,207,186 
 
 1,2,S4,113 
 
 1,351,970 
 
 1,318,;341 
 
 1,380.030 
 
 1,628,311 
 
 1,821,674 
 
 1,738,377 
 
 1.351.054 
 
 1 894,713 
 
 2 054,669 
 2.040.913 
 2.179,364 
 2,502.054 
 2,502.582 
 1,949.673 
 3.239.374 
 2,235,707 
 i3,873 339 
 ,3.705o96 
 2,773,836 
 |2,834,605 
 3,854.919 
 4,332.760 
 3,237,449 
 4,595,567 
 4,463,221 
 
 Wyoming. 
 
 7,000 
 
 43,000 
 
 54,000 
 
 84.000 
 
 111,777 
 
 43,700 
 
 90,000 
 
 103,861 
 
 115,387 
 
 98,207 
 
 120,300 
 
 148,470 
 
 192,270 
 
 252,699 
 
 285,605 
 
 365,911 
 
 451,836 
 
 518,389 
 
 583,067 
 
 685,196 
 
 732,910 
 
 827,823 
 
 1,156,167 
 
 1,284,500 
 
 1,475,732 
 
 1.603,478 
 
 1,771,511 
 
 1,972,.584 
 
 1.952,603 
 
 2,186,094 
 
 2,731,230 
 
 2,941,817 
 
 3,055,140 
 
 3,145,770 
 
 3,759,610 
 
 3.960,836 
 
 3,254 519 
 
 4 736,616 
 
 5,325,000 
 
 5,968,146 
 
 6,141,369 
 
 7,974,660 
 
 6,911(242 
 
 9.101.549 
 
 10,309.755 
 
 9,504,408 
 
 10.596,1.55 
 
 8.424.158 
 
 8,300,377 
 
 8,085.587 
 
 12,586,293 
 
 11,419,279 
 
 Total. 
 
 365 
 
 1,073 
 
 3,720 
 
 16,951 
 
 11,108 
 
 34,893 
 
 48,047 
 
 63,434 
 
 77,516 
 
 112,083 
 
 174,734 
 
 176,820 
 
 363,871 
 
 487,748 
 
 376,636 
 
 560,758 
 
 684,117 
 
 879,441 
 
 738,697 
 
 818,402 
 
 864,384 
 
 959,973 
 
 1,108,418 
 
 1,263,598 
 
 1,630 850 
 
 2,013,013 
 
 2,344,005 
 
 2,882,309 
 
 3,089.238 
 
 3,242,'. 63 
 
 3,358,899 
 
 4,448,916 
 
 4,993,471 
 
 5,195,151 
 
 6,902.334 
 
 6,608,517 
 
 6,927,580 
 
 6,664,941 
 
 6,759..369 
 
 7,808,252 
 
 8,513,123 
 
 7,954,264 
 
 7 869 407 
 
 9.566,006 
 
 10,177,475 
 
 9,652.391 
 
 12,703 882 
 
 12.988,725 
 
 13,801.465 
 
 13 866 180 
 
 16,182 191 
 
 15.699 721 
 
 19 669.778 
 
 21.227.952 
 
 20.145,121 
 
 19.712,472 
 
 18,501.011 
 
 20,828.179 
 
 17,005.262 
 
 26,142,689 
 
 23.437,242 
 
 THE LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 East of 
 
 Year. 
 
 1871* 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 Rec'dfrom 
 W.yoniing i-eo;'u 
 Hazleton re,!<^'u 
 li. M. region 
 Mahanoy reg'u 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Total Coal Ton'ge, 
 2,889,074 
 3,850.118 
 4,144,339 
 4.150,659 
 3.277.571 
 3,951,513 
 4,362,124 
 3,446.615 
 4.361,785 
 4,606.415 
 Tons, 1880. 
 1,162.706 
 2,125,104 
 441,591 
 876,860 
 243 
 
 Totals, 3,446,615 4,361,785 4,606,415 
 
 The quantity of coal forwarded east of Mauch 
 
 Chunk, was as stated above, 3,774,729 tons; of 
 
 this 1,408,422 tons was delivered to the New Jersey 
 
 division for delivery at Perth Amboy, and for the 
 
 line trade in New Jersey. 
 The rate of transportation from Mauch Chunk 
 
 to Perth Amboy, 101 miles, is $1.40 per ton. 
 
 Laterals to Mauch Chunk average fifty cents 
 
 per ton. 
 Prices of coal at Mauch Chunk, for delivery 
 
 "on the line," were $3.25 per ton for all sizes, down 
 
 to Chestnut, at the beginning of 1881. 
 
 DIVISIOX SHIPMENTS OF 1879-1880. 
 Interest. 
 
 Phila. & Heading R. R. 
 
 Lehigh Valley R. K. 
 
 Central R. of N. J. 
 
 Del. Lack and W. R. R. 
 
 Pel. and \l. Canal Com 
 
 Penn. R. R. Company 
 
 Penn. Coal Com pan v 
 
 N, Y. Lake Erie & W R R 
 
 Totals, 26,142,689 23,437,242 
 
 The Pennsylvania Railroad interest, includes 
 Sliamokin coal, Lyken's Valley coal, and some 
 Wyoming coal. Reading is of the various grades 
 of Schuylkill. Lehigh Valley is three-fourths 
 Lehigh, and balance Wyoming. Central Rail- 
 road of New Jersey is about equally divided be- 
 tween Lehigh and Wyoming. Delaware and 
 Hudson ; Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 
 Comjiany ; Pennsylvania Coal Company, all from 
 Wyoming region. "Erie" coal is from Wyoming. 
 In addition to this may be put G5,000 tons of 
 Loyalsock Anthracite from Sullivan county. 
 
 *A11 above ; guics arc for fiscal years, which 
 end with November, and tons are 2,240 lbs. ia all 
 cases. 
 
 Tons 1879. 
 
 Tom 1880 
 
 7,442,617 
 
 5,933,923 
 
 4,405,957 
 
 4,394.533 
 
 3,825. .553 
 
 3,470,141 
 
 3,867,407 
 
 3,550,:i48 
 
 3,0.54.390 
 
 2,712.910 
 
 1,682,106 
 
 1,864.032 
 
 1,427,150 
 
 1,138,406 
 
 437,509 
 
 372,889 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 199 
 
 CENTRAL RAILROAD OF NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Amountof coal carri*a over the LohiKh & Susque- 
 hanna Railroad. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 
 Tons. 
 1.033 587 
 2,527,068 
 3,0Sy,697 
 2,972,286 
 2,661,635 
 
 Year. 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 Tom. 
 2,952.520 
 2,96'J.788 
 2,390.6.55 
 4,088.954 
 3,843. LO J 
 
 Tlic ource ot receipt of the coal carried during 
 1880, was as follows, in tons of 2,240 pounds : 
 
 Wyoming RcRion — 
 
 Lehigh & Wilkes-BarrcCoal Comp'y 
 
 Eveihart Coal Company 
 
 Susquehanna Coal Company 
 
 Delaware and Hudson C. Company 
 
 Red Ash Coal Company 
 Upper -Lehigh— 
 
 Upper Lehigh Coal Company 
 
 M. S. Kemmerer & Co 
 
 Poud Creek Coal Company 
 Beaver Meadow — 
 
 Lehigh & Wilkes-Barrc Coal Comp'y 
 
 Thomas John & Co 
 Mauch Chunk — 
 
 Lehigh Coal and Navigation Comp'y 
 •Cross Creek — 
 
 Coxe Bros. & Co 
 ■Council Ridge — 
 
 J. Leisenring & Co 
 Lehigh Valley R. R— 
 
 Packerton 
 R. P. Smith & Co 
 
 1,505,619 17 
 
 46.202.03 
 
 119,.537 04 
 
 43,099.15 
 
 63,7*1.13 
 
 307.042.02 
 
 177,877.18 
 
 23,412.17 
 
 424 264 05 
 76,000.10 
 
 617,989.03 
 
 804,242.16 
 
 97,700.13 
 
 8,571.11 
 87,866.17 
 
 LEHIGH COAL AND NAVIGATION COMPANY. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 Year 
 
 1872 
 
 566.724 
 
 1877 
 
 1873 
 
 525.623 
 
 1878 
 
 1874 
 
 572.470 
 
 1879 
 
 1875 
 
 397.427 
 
 1880 
 
 1876 
 
 606,773 
 
 
 Tons. 
 550.519 
 430.987 
 701.761 
 617,989 
 
 This company dates back to 1820 as a mining 
 and carrying company. The figures in the 
 schedule above, are the figures of the production 
 at the "Summit mines." 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD— Bel videre Division. 
 
 This line forms an important feeder to the An- 
 thracite roads centering at Phillipsburg, N. J. 
 The sources of supply and distribution are clearly 
 given below : 
 
 Tons 1880. Tons 1879. 
 
 From Lehigh region 959.600 719,415 
 
 From Wyoming reg'n 222,678 260,451 
 
 Tons 1880 Tons 1879. 
 
 Dis. to Trenton for shipment 52 167 35,902 
 
 " S. A. for shipment 560,607 502.367 
 
 " local points for consum 515,603 344.828 
 
 Coal for company's use 111,535 %,770 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK RAILROAD. 
 This line is an important feeder to the Lehigh 
 Valley Railroad, for its business to the north and 
 west. In addition thereto, it transports a large 
 amount of Bituminous coal from what is known 
 as the "Barclay" region. The Loyalsock coal 
 mined in Sullivan county, Pa., is shipped from 
 the mines over the State Line and Sullivan Eail- 
 road, and thence to market via. this line and its 
 northern connections. 
 
 CENSUS STATISTICS. 
 
 POPULATION OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 
 
 The following table will not only prove of great 
 interest and value for general imformation, but 
 will show what relation the United States bears 
 to foreign countries, both in population and area. 
 Our country now ranks fourth, being exceeded in 
 numbers only by the Chinese Empire, British In- 
 dia and Russia: 
 
 
 Tom 1878 
 
 Tons 1879 
 
 Tjns ISSO 
 
 Anthracite 
 
 780.796 
 
 860.161 
 
 705,461 
 
 Bituminous 
 
 314.567 
 
 329,901 
 
 435,516 
 
 1 
 
 Last 
 
 
 Area 
 
 Pop. 
 
 Countries. 
 
 Cen- 
 
 Population. 
 
 Square to Sq- 
 Miles. 1 Mile. 
 
 
 sus. 
 
 
 Argentine Republic, 
 
 1875 
 
 1,715,681 
 
 871,00o' 1.96 
 
 Austria-Hungary, 
 
 1869 
 
 35,90-1 ,43.5 
 
 226,400 158.58 
 
 Belgium, 
 
 1876 
 
 5,336,185 
 
 11,373 469.20 
 
 Bolivia, 
 
 1861 
 
 1,742,352 
 
 473,300 3.70 
 
 Brazil, 
 
 1872 
 
 10,108,291 
 
 3,275,326 
 
 3.08 
 
 Canada, Domion of 
 
 1871 
 
 3,602,321 
 
 3,483,952 
 
 1.03 
 
 Chili, 
 
 1875 
 
 2,075,971 
 
 130,977 
 
 15.79 
 
 Chinese Empire, 
 
 Est. 
 
 433,500,000 
 
 3,924,627 
 
 110.45 
 
 Columbia, 
 
 1870 
 
 2,951.311 
 
 432,400 6.82 
 212,600 1 24.70 
 
 ligypt. 
 
 Est. 
 
 6,252,000 
 
 Denmark, 
 
 1870 
 
 1,912,142 
 
 14,553 131.23 
 
 Ecuador, 
 
 1875 
 
 • 866,137 
 
 218,9&i; 3.49 
 
 France, 
 
 1876 
 
 36,905,788 
 
 201,900 182.79 
 
 Germany, 
 
 1875 
 
 42,727,360 
 
 212,091,201.45 
 
 G't Britain a Ireland. 
 
 1871 
 
 31,628,338 
 
 121,230, 268.08 
 
 Greece, 
 
 1870 
 
 1,457,894 
 
 19,9411 72.96 
 
 India, British, 
 
 1871 
 
 190,663,623 
 
 950,919 200.50 
 
 Italy, 
 
 1871 
 
 26,801,154 
 
 112,677 243.91 
 
 Japan, 
 
 1874 
 
 33,623,319 
 
 156,601 214.71 
 
 Mexico, 
 
 1871 
 
 9,276,079 
 
 761,640 12.18 
 
 Morocco, 
 
 Est. 
 
 6,000,000 
 
 219,000' 27.39 
 
 Netherlands, 
 
 1869 
 
 3,579,529 
 
 12,680 282.30 
 
 Norway, 
 
 1875 
 
 1,806,900 
 
 122,280, 14.78 
 
 Paraguay, 
 
 1873 
 
 221,079 
 
 57,303: 3.85 
 
 Persia, 
 
 Est. 
 
 6,,500,000 
 
 648,000 1 10.03 
 
 Peru, 
 
 1876 
 
 2,699,945 
 
 502,760 ! 5.31 
 
 Portugal, 
 
 1875 
 
 4,441,037 
 
 36,510- 121.31 
 
 Russian Empire, 
 
 1876 
 
 86,952,347 
 
 8,404,767, lO.at 
 
 Roumania, 
 
 Est. 
 
 5,376,000 
 
 51,033 105.34 
 
 Servia, 
 
 1874 
 
 1,720,270 
 
 19,721, 87.33 
 
 Siam, 
 
 Est. 
 
 6,300,000 
 
 250,0001 25.20 
 
 Spain, 
 
 1870 
 
 16,222,814 
 
 182,758! 92.11 
 
 Sweden, 
 
 1876 
 
 4,429,713 
 
 170,980 25.90 
 
 Switzerland, 
 
 1870 
 
 2,759,854 
 
 15,233, 181.17 
 
 .Turkey, 
 
 Est. 
 
 31,669,147 
 
 1,812,048 17.62 
 
 Uruguay, 
 United States, 
 
 1876 
 
 445,000 
 
 70,000 6.35 
 
 1880 
 
 50,152,559 
 
 3,609,884 13.91 
 
 Venezula, 
 
 1873 
 
 1,784,197 
 
 368,235 
 
 1 4.'. a 
 
 POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 1790 TO 1880. 
 
 I Increase : Increase 
 
 YeariPop'tion. percent. Y'ear Population, per cent. 
 
 1790 
 1800 
 1810 
 1820 
 1830 
 
 3,929,214 
 5,308,483 
 7,239,881 
 9,633,822 
 12,866,020 
 
 35.10 
 36.38 
 33.06 
 32.51 
 
 1840 
 1&30 
 1860 
 1870 
 1880 
 
 17,069,453 
 23,191,876 
 31,443,321 
 38,558,371 
 50,152,866 
 
 80.63 
 27.83 
 35.11 
 22.63 
 30.06 
 
 POPULATION OF STATES, 1870 AND 1880. 
 
 [From Ui£ Official Returns of the Ninth and TaUh Census.] 
 
 ; States and 
 
 xuLai 
 
 Popula'n. 
 
 Popula'n. 
 
 of 
 
 1 Territories. 
 
 1880. 
 
 1870. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 1 Alabama 
 
 1,262.794 
 
 996,992 
 
 26.66 
 
 2 Arizona 
 
 40,441 
 
 9,658 
 
 318.73 
 
 3 -Vrkausas 
 
 802,564 
 
 481,471 
 
 65.65 
 
 4 California 
 
 8tVI,0>86 
 
 5l'>o.217 
 
 54.34 
 
 5 ("olorado 
 
 19I,C>49 
 
 :i9,s.u 
 
 388.28 
 
 6 Connecticut 
 
 622,68:3 
 
 or.T.l.M 
 
 15.85 
 
 7 Dakota 
 
 135,180 
 
 14.181 
 
 853.24 
 
 8 Delaware 
 
 146,6.>4 
 
 125,015 
 
 17.30 
 
 9 District of Columbia 
 
 177,638 
 
 131,700 
 
 84.83 
 
 10 Florida 
 
 267,:V>1 
 
 187,743 
 
 42.39 
 
 11 Georgia 
 
 1,539,i>43 
 
 1,184,109 
 
 29.97 
 
 12 I.laho 
 
 32,611 
 
 14,999 
 
 117.42 
 
 13 lUiuoij 
 
 3.078,769 
 
 2,539,891 
 
 21.21 
 
200 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 14 Indinna 
 
 15 Iowa 
 
 16 Kansas 
 
 17 Kentucky 
 
 18 Louisiana 
 
 19 Maine 
 
 20 Maryland 
 
 21 Massachusetts 
 
 22 Michigan 
 
 23 Minnesota 
 
 24 Mississippi 
 
 25 Missouri 
 
 26 Montana 
 
 27 Nebraska 
 
 28 Nevada 
 
 29 New Hampshire 
 
 30 New Jersey 
 
 31 New Mexico 
 
 32 New York 
 
 33 North Carolina 
 &4 0hio 
 
 35 Oregon 
 
 36 Pennsylvania 
 
 87 Rhode Island 
 
 88 South Carolina 
 
 39 Tennessee 
 
 40 Texas 
 
 41 Utah 
 
 42 Vermont 
 
 43 Virginia 
 
 44 Washington 
 
 45 West Virginia 
 
 46 Wisconsin 
 
 47 Wyoming 
 
 1,97S,r!62 
 
 1,680,637 
 
 17.70 
 
 l.ti'Jl.fiL'O 
 
 1,191.020 
 
 30.00 
 
 y9.">,;»i;(; 
 
 ;'.iU,399 
 
 173.14 
 
 1,648,708 
 
 l,::2i,oil 
 
 24.80 
 
 940,103 
 
 720,915 
 
 29.32 
 
 (>1S,945 
 
 626,915 
 
 3.51 
 
 934,ri32 
 
 780,894 
 
 19.68 
 
 1,783,012 
 
 1,457,;«1 
 
 22.34 
 
 l,()3ti,331 
 
 1,181,059 
 
 38.19 
 
 780,806 
 
 439,706 
 
 77.57 
 
 1,131,592 
 
 827,922 
 
 30.67 
 
 2,168,804 
 
 1,721,295 
 
 25.99 
 
 39,157 
 
 20,595 
 
 90.12 
 
 452,433 
 
 122,993 
 
 267.83 
 
 62,265 
 
 42,491 
 
 46.53 
 
 846,9*1 
 
 318,300 
 
 9.01 
 
 1,130,983 
 
 900.096 
 
 24.80 
 
 118,430 
 
 91,874 
 
 28.99 
 
 5,083,810 
 
 4,382,759 
 
 15.99 
 
 1,4<10,()47 
 
 1,071,361 
 
 30.67 
 
 3,198,239 
 
 2,605,260 
 
 19.99 
 
 174,767 
 
 90,923 
 
 92.21 
 
 4,282,786 
 
 3,521.951 
 
 21.60 
 
 276,528 
 
 217.353 
 
 27.22 
 
 995,622 
 
 70.1,000 
 
 40.95 
 
 1,542,463 
 
 1,2:)8,.520 
 
 22.56 
 
 1,592,574 
 
 818,.579 
 
 94.55 
 
 143,906 
 
 80,786 
 
 65.81 
 
 332,286 
 
 3;^0,551 
 
 .52 
 
 1,512,806 
 
 1,225,163 
 
 23.42 
 
 75,120 
 
 23,9.-,5 
 
 213.58 
 
 618,443 
 
 442,014 
 
 39.91 
 
 1,315,480 
 
 1,054,670 
 
 24.72 
 
 20,788 
 
 9,118 
 
 127.98 
 
 50,512,866 
 
 38.558,371 | 
 
 30.06 
 
 POPULATION OF CITIES. 
 
 The following table of the population of all 
 Cities of the United States of 10,000 inhabitants 
 and over has been prepared from advance sheets 
 from the Census Bureau at Washington, and is 
 therefore perfectly reliable and of great value both 
 as to the information contained for present uses, 
 and for future comparisons. In connection with 
 the column of 1880, there will be found one of 
 1870, and in the third there is given the aggregate 
 pended and floating indebtedness of the Cities as 
 shown at the period of gathering the last census. 
 Our readers can see by careful study of the tables 
 of population, the sections of the country that 
 have made wonderful progress during the last 
 decade, as well as those which have during the 
 same time, stood comparatively at a stand still. 
 The compiler has given the Cities by States, be- 
 lieving that the reader will appreciate the con- 
 veinence: 
 
 ALABAMA— 
 
 Mobile, 
 
 Montgomery, 
 ARKANSAS,— 
 
 Little Rock, 
 CALIFORNIA— 
 
 Los Angelos, 
 
 Oakland, 
 
 Sacramento, 
 
 San Francisco, 
 
 San .Jose, 
 
 Stockton, 
 COLORADO— 
 
 Denver, 
 
 Leadville, 
 CONNECTICUT— 
 
 Bridgeport, 
 
 Danbury, 
 
 Derl)v, 
 
 Hartiurd, 
 
 Merideu, 
 
 Middletuwn, 
 
 Popula'u. Popula'n. 
 
 1880. 1 1870. 
 
 Net Debt. 
 
 31,2051 
 16,714l 
 
 32,084 
 10,588 
 
 $2,671,100 
 567,900 
 
 13,185 
 
 12,380 
 
 335,243 
 
 11,311 
 34,.556 
 21,420 
 233,956' 
 12,.567i 
 10,287 
 
 5,721 
 
 10,500 
 
 10,283 
 
 149,478 
 
 9,089 
 10,066 
 
 310,177 
 669,126 
 861,000 
 8,0.59,285 
 None. 
 385,615 
 
 35,030 
 
 14,820' 
 
 4,759 
 
 20,000 
 
 29,148 
 11, 00!) 
 
 ii.tvio 
 
 42,.553' 
 18,840 
 11,731 
 
 18,969 
 
 6,542 
 
 8,020 
 
 37,180 
 
 10,495 
 
 6,923 
 
 831,000 
 
 255,415 
 
 80,243 
 
 3,689,855 
 
 788,317 
 
 New Britian, 
 
 New Haven,' 
 New Ldiidon, 
 
 Norwalk, 
 
 Norwicli, 
 
 Stamford, 
 
 Waterbury, 
 DELA.WARE— 
 
 Wilmington, 
 DIST OF COLUMBIA 
 
 Georgetown, 
 
 Washington, 
 GEORGIA— 
 
 Atlanta, 
 
 Augusta. 
 
 Macon, 
 
 Savannah, 
 ILLINOIS— 
 
 Aurora, 
 
 Belleville, 
 
 Bloomington, 
 
 Chicago, 
 
 Galesburgh, 
 
 Hyde Park, 
 
 Jacksonville, 
 
 Joliet, 
 
 Peoria, 
 
 Quincy, 
 
 Rockford, 
 
 Rock Lsland, 
 
 Springfield, 
 INDIANA— 
 
 Evansville, 
 
 Fort Wayne, 
 
 Indianapolis, 
 
 Jeffersonville, 
 
 La Fayette, 
 
 Logansport, 
 
 New Albany, 
 
 Richmond, 
 
 South Bend, 
 
 Terre Haute. 
 IOWA— 
 
 Burlington, 
 
 Cedar Rapids, 
 
 Council Blulls, 
 
 Davenport, 
 
 Des Moines, 
 
 Dubuque, 
 
 Keokuk, 
 KANSAS— 
 
 Atchison, 
 
 Leavenworth, 
 
 Topeka, 
 KENTUCKY— 
 
 Covington, 
 
 Lexington, 
 
 Louisville, 
 
 Newport, 
 LOUISIANA— 
 
 New Orleans, 
 
 Shreveport, 
 MAINE— 
 
 Bangor, 
 
 Biddeford, 
 
 le -iston, 
 
 1 ortl md, 
 MAR^LVND— 
 
 BaUimore, 
 
 Cumberland, 
 MASSACHUSETTS - 
 
 Attleborough, 
 
 Boston, 
 
 Brockton, 
 
 Cambridge, 
 
 Chelsea, 
 
 Chicopee, 
 
 Fall River, 
 Titchburgh, 
 
 Gloucester, 
 
 Haverhill, 
 
 Holyoke, 
 
 Lawrence, 
 
 Lowell, 
 
 Lynn, 
 
 Maiden, 
 
 Marlborough, 
 
 New Bedford, 
 
 Newburyport, 
 
 Newton, 
 
 North Adams, 
 
 Northampton, 
 
 13,978 
 62,882 
 10,529 
 13,956 
 21,141 
 11,298 
 20,209 
 
 42,499 
 
 12,578 
 147,307 
 
 37,421 
 23,023 
 12,748 
 30,681 
 
 11,825 
 10,682 
 17,184 
 503,304 
 11,446 
 15,716 
 10,927 
 16,145 
 29,315 
 27,275 
 13,136 
 11,060 
 19,746 
 
 29,280 
 26,881 
 75,074 
 10,422 
 14,860 
 11,198 
 16,422 
 12,743 
 13,279 
 26,040 
 
 19,450 
 10,104 
 
 18,059 
 21,8;M 
 22,408 
 22,254 
 12,117 
 
 15,106 
 16,550 
 15,461 
 
 29,720 
 16,656 
 123,645 
 20,433 
 
 16,857 
 12,652 
 19,083 
 33,810 
 
 332,190 
 10,666 
 
 11,111 
 362,535 
 13,008 
 52,740 
 21,78.5 
 11,325 
 49,006 
 12,405 
 19,329 
 18,475 
 21,851 
 39,178 
 59,485 
 38,284 
 12,017 
 10,126 
 26,875 
 13,537 
 10,995 
 10,192 
 12.172 
 
 9,480 
 50,*ytO 
 
 9,576 
 12,119 
 16,653 
 
 9,714 
 13,106 
 
 344,84 
 1.859,61S> 
 496,611 
 522,495 
 1,191,2.56- 
 16.5,000 
 361,.508 
 
 30,841 1,372,450 
 
 11,384 
 109,199 
 
 21,789! 
 1.5,381 1 
 10,810, 
 
 28,235 
 
 11,162 
 8,146 1 
 
 14,590 
 298,977 
 
 10,158 
 3,644 
 9,203 
 7,263 
 
 22,849 
 
 24,052 
 
 11,049 
 7,890 
 
 17,364 
 
 21,830: 
 17,718 
 48,244 
 
 7,254 
 13,506 
 
 8,950 
 15,396 
 
 9,445 
 
 7,206 
 16,103 
 
 14,930 
 5,940 
 10,020 
 20,038 
 12,0;35 
 18,434 
 12,766 
 
 7,054 
 17,873 
 5,790 
 
 23,310,146 
 
 2,180,000 
 
 1,961,319 
 
 743,000 
 
 3,425,000' 
 
 25,.506 
 
 217,712 
 
 221,463. 
 
 12,794,271 
 
 53,250 
 
 273,336 
 54,000' 
 716,.500 
 1,917,888' 
 178,090 
 2S9,050' 
 778,780 
 
 None. 
 
 856,90a 
 
 1,914,500- 
 
 240,350 
 
 None. 
 466,276 
 358,482 
 167,000 
 337,600- 
 267,224 
 
 128,062 
 40,867 
 138,062 
 290,675 
 578,000' 
 804,611 
 372,375 
 
 449,687 
 396,573- 
 333,249 
 
 24,-505 
 
 i.oso.ooo. 
 
 14,801 
 
 8-1,316 
 
 100,753 
 
 4,&42,935 
 
 15,087 
 
 966,618 
 
 191,418 
 
 
 4,607 
 
 
 18,289 
 
 2,661,000- 
 
 10,282 
 
 183,874 
 
 13,600 
 
 1,038,102-. 
 
 31,413 
 
 4,322,154 
 
 267,354 
 
 27,092,690. 
 
 8,056 
 
 394,064 
 
 6,769 
 
 16,600' 
 
 2.50,526 
 
 28,244,017 
 
 8,007 
 
 71 ,200 
 
 39,684 
 
 3,403,723- 
 
 18,547 
 
 1,554,496 
 
 9,607 
 
 100,050- 
 
 26,766 
 
 3,169,765- 
 
 11,260 
 
 770,778 
 
 15,389 
 
 193,370' 
 
 13,092 
 
 393,42& 
 
 10,733 
 
 878,454 
 
 28,921 
 
 1,712,000 
 
 40',928 
 
 1,-554,275 
 
 28,233 
 
 2,072,815 
 
 7,.367 
 
 483,528 
 
 8,474 
 
 151,951 
 
 21,320 
 
 1,086,000 
 
 12,595 
 
 428,706 
 
 12,825 
 
 993,591 
 
 12,090 
 
 267,894 
 
 10.160- 
 
 537,500 
 
RESOTTRCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 20) 
 
 Pittsflc^d, 13,367 
 
 Quincv. 10,529 
 
 Sttlciii; 27,598 
 
 Bomcrville, 24,98o 
 
 Springlield, S3,340 
 
 Taniitou, 21,213 
 
 Walt haul, 11,711 
 
 Uvviiiouth, 10,571 
 
 Wui.um, 10,198 
 
 W(.i\cster, 58,295 
 MK-inC.AN— 
 
 Bay City, 20,693 
 
 Detroit, 116,31: 
 
 East Saginaw, 19,016 
 
 Grftud Kapids. 32,015 
 
 Jackson, 16,10o 
 
 Kalamazoo, 11,937 
 
 Muskegon, 11,262 
 
 Saginaw City, 10,525 
 MINNESOTA— 
 
 Minneapolis, 46,887 
 
 Saint Paul, 41,498 
 
 Winona, 10,208 
 MISSISSIPPI— 
 Vicksburgh, 
 MISSOURI— 
 
 Hannibal, 11,074 
 
 Kansas City, 55,813 
 
 St. Joseph, 32,484 
 
 St. Louis, 350,522 
 NEBRASKA— 
 
 Lincoln, 13,004 
 
 Omaha, 30,518 
 NEVADA— 
 
 Virginia City, 13,705| 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE— ^ I 
 
 Concord, 13,836 
 
 Dover, 11,687 1 
 
 Manchester, 32,630 
 
 Nashua, 13,397 
 NEW JERSEY— 
 
 Camden, 41,658^ 
 
 Elizabeth, 28,229' 
 
 Hoboken, 30,999, 
 
 Jersey City, 120,728 
 
 Newark, 136,400 
 
 New Brunswick, 17,167! 
 
 Orange, 13,206: 
 
 Patterson, 50,887 
 
 Trenton, 29,910 
 NEW YORK— 
 
 Albany, 90,903 
 
 Amsterdam, 11,7111 
 
 Auburn, 21,924 
 
 Binghamton, 17,315; 
 
 Brookshaveu, 11,544 
 
 Brooklyn, 566,689; 
 
 Buffalo, 155,137! 
 
 Cohoes, 19,417; 
 
 Elmira, 20,.54l' 
 
 Fishkill, 10,732 
 
 Flushing, 15,919 
 
 Hempstead, 18,160 
 
 Jamaica, 10,089 
 
 Johnstown, 16,626 
 
 Kingston, 18,342 
 
 Lenox, 10,249 1 
 
 Lockport, 13,522 
 
 Long Island City, 17,117 
 
 New Lots, 13,681 
 
 New York, l,206,5it0 
 
 Ncwburgh, 18,050 
 
 Ogdensburgh, 10,;54O 
 
 Oswego, 21,117' 
 
 Oyster Bay, 11,923 
 
 Palmyra, 21,4lK> 
 
 Poughkeepsie, 20,207 
 
 Rochester, 89,363 
 
 Rome, 12,015 
 
 Saratoga Springs, 10,822 
 
 Saugerties, 10,:i75 
 
 Schenectady, 13,675 
 
 Syracuse, 51,791 
 
 Trov. 56,747, 
 
 lUica, 33,913 
 
 Watkiua, 11,483 
 
 11,112 
 
 7,442 
 
 24,117 
 
 14,685 
 
 26,702 
 
 18,629 
 
 9,065 
 
 9,010 
 
 8,560 
 
 41,105 
 
 7,064 
 
 79,577 
 
 11,350 
 
 16,507 
 
 11,447 
 
 9,181 
 
 6,002 
 
 7,460 
 
 13,066 
 20,030 
 7,192 
 
 11,814 12,443 
 
 10,125 
 32,260 
 19,565 
 310,864 
 
 276 
 16,083 
 
 7,048 
 
 12,241 
 
 9,294 
 
 23,536 
 
 10,543 
 
 20,045 
 20,8321 
 20,297 
 
 82,546 
 105,059 
 15,058, 
 9,348l 
 33,579 
 22,874 1 
 
 69,422 i 
 7,706 
 17,225 
 12,292 1 
 10,1591 
 
 396,099; 
 
 117,763 
 15,367; 
 15,8631 
 ll,752j 
 14,650 
 13,999, 
 7,745 
 12,273 
 21,943 
 9,816 
 12,426 
 
 9,800. 
 942,292 
 17,014 
 10,076 
 20,910 
 10,.595 
 
 20,180 
 62,386 
 11,000, 
 
 8,5371 
 10,455' 
 11,026, 
 43,051 
 46,465, 
 28,804; 
 
 9,477 1 
 
 385,341 
 
 6.5,980 
 
 1,162,487 
 
 1,596,974 
 
 1,928,000 
 
 449,735 
 
 477,000 
 64,392 
 
 626,602 
 2,447,^)43 
 
 4.33,100 
 1,282,772 
 611,0.55 
 471,000 
 183,500 
 25,000 
 180,000 
 202,800 
 
 1,137,467 
 
 1,526,715 
 
 183,000 
 
 873,218 
 
 144,027 
 1,339,224 
 2,445,600 
 22,847,761 
 
 199,615 
 227,578 
 
 112,000 
 
 615,500 
 458,830 
 929,000 
 458,661 
 
 1,164,900 
 5,-512,638 
 1,099,250 
 15,598,435 
 9,070,032 
 1,618,946 
 253,832 
 1,359,-500 
 1,664,-501 
 
 3,138,500 
 
 530,000 
 299,500 
 
 38,040,000 
 
 8,211,934 
 
 141,214 
 
 270,400 
 
 644,880 
 
 108,667 
 960,000 
 
 109,425,414 
 
 313,400 
 
 135,000 
 
 1,264,224 
 
 1,939,198 
 
 5,701,686 
 
 160,000 
 
 297,600 
 
 118,000 
 
 l,:i")l,.500 
 
 9." 8,296 
 
 76»;,(.K)0 
 
 Watertown, 
 Watervliet, 
 West Troy, 
 Yonkers, 
 NORTH CAROLINA- 
 Raleigh, 
 Wilmington, 
 OHIO- 
 Akron, 
 Canton, 
 Cliillicothe, 
 Cincinnati, 
 Cleveland, 
 ^ Columbus, 
 Dayton, 
 Hamilton, 
 Portsmouth. 
 Sandusky, 
 Springfield, 
 Steubenville, 
 - Toledo, 
 Youngstown, 
 ZanesviUe, 
 OREGON— 
 
 Portland, 
 PENNSYLVANIA— 
 Allegheny, 
 Allentown, 
 Altoona, 
 Chester, 
 Easton, 
 Erie, 
 
 Harrisburgh, 
 Lancaster, 
 Norristown, 
 Philadelphia, 
 Pittsburgh, 
 Pottsville, 
 Reading, 
 Scranton, 
 Wilkesbarre, 
 Williamsport, 
 York, 
 RHODE ISLAND— 
 Lincoln, 
 Newport, 
 Pawtucket, 
 Providence, 
 Warwick, 
 Woonsocket, 
 SOUTH CAROLINA- 
 
 Charleston, 
 
 Columbia, 
 TENNESSEE— 
 
 Chattanooga, 
 
 Memphis, 
 
 Nashville, 
 TEXAS— 
 
 Austin, 
 
 Dallas, 
 
 Galveston, 
 
 Houston, 
 
 San Antonio, 
 UTAH— 
 
 Salt Lake City, 
 VERMONT— 
 
 Burlington, 
 
 Rutland, 
 VIRGINIA— 
 
 Alexandria, 
 
 Lynchburgh, 
 
 Norfolk, 
 
 Petersburgh, 
 
 Portsmouth, 
 
 Richmond, 
 WEST VIRGINIA— 
 
 Wheeling, 
 WISCONSIN— 
 
 Eau Claire, 
 
 Fond du Lac, 
 
 La Crosse, 
 
 Madison, 
 
 Milwaukee, 
 
 Oshkosh, 
 
 Racine, 
 
 10,769 
 22,220 
 11,-532 
 18,892 
 
 14,110 
 17,301 
 
 I 
 
 16,-512 
 12,258 
 10,938 
 255,708 
 160,142 
 51,665 
 38,677 
 12,121 
 11,314; 
 15,838; 
 20,729 
 12,093! 
 50,143, 
 15,431 
 18,120' 
 
 17,-598; 
 
 78,081 
 18,068 
 19,716 
 14,996; 
 11,924' 
 27,730, 
 30,762; 
 25,769 
 13,064 
 846,984' 
 156,3811 
 13,2.53 
 43,280 
 45,850 
 23,339 
 18,934 
 13,940 
 
 13,765 
 15,693 
 19,030 
 104,850 
 12,163 
 16,053 
 
 49,996' 
 10,040 
 
 12,892, 
 33,593i 
 43,461 
 
 10,960 
 10,358; 
 22,253, 
 18,646; 
 20,561 
 
 20,768 
 
 11,364 
 12,149 
 
 I 
 13,658 
 15,959; 
 21,966 
 21,r>.56 
 11,388 
 63,803 
 
 I 
 31,266: 
 
 10,118 
 13,091: 
 14, -505 
 10,325 
 115,-578 
 15,749| 
 16,031 1 
 
 9.363 
 
 407,500 
 
 22,609 
 
 
 10,693 
 
 None. 
 
 18,357 
 
 1,388,000' 
 
 7,790 
 
 138,3:57 
 
 13,446; 
 
 539,84-> 
 
 10,006 
 
 17,619 
 
 8,660 
 
 189,657 
 
 8,920 
 
 None. 
 
 216,289 
 
 21,992,.500' 
 
 92,829 
 
 4,076,'J46 
 
 31,274 
 
 l,2.5>t,162 
 
 30,473 
 
 1,101, .520 
 
 11,081 
 
 4S,()ti7 
 
 10.-592 
 
 317,8<n)- 
 
 13,000' 
 
 381,215 
 
 12,6-52' 
 
 .58,627 
 
 8,107' 
 
 30,190 
 
 31,-584, 
 
 3,262,660 
 
 8,075; 
 
 193,40t; 
 
 10,011' 
 
 1 
 
 529,097 
 
 8,293 
 
 76,500 
 
 53,180 
 
 1,-596,429' 
 
 13,884; 
 
 430,443 
 
 10,610 
 
 368,830 
 
 9,485! 
 
 357,034 
 
 10,987, 
 
 219,949 
 
 19,646: 
 
 1,201,229 
 
 23,104; 
 
 1,065,300 
 
 20,233 
 
 464,142 
 
 10,753 
 
 81,200- 
 
 674,022 
 
 
 86,076 
 
 14,134,296 
 
 12,384 
 
 
 33,930 
 
 999,000- 
 
 35,092 
 
 325,202 
 
 10,174 
 
 95,096- 
 
 16,030 
 
 651,272 
 
 11,003 
 
 33,000- 
 
 7,889 
 
 50,000 
 
 12,521 
 
 116,408 
 
 6,619 
 
 935,000- 
 
 68,904 ; 
 
 9,373,026 
 
 10,453, 
 
 57,500 
 
 11,527 
 
 230,000 
 
 48,956 
 
 4,129,102 
 
 9,292 
 
 900,000 
 
 6,093 
 
 71,566 
 
 40,226 
 
 None. 
 
 25,865 
 
 1,606,200 
 
 4,428 
 
 106,744 
 
 
 304,356 
 
 13,878 
 
 1,023,249 
 
 9,382 
 
 1,501,591 
 
 12,256 
 
 155,266 
 
 12,854 
 
 67,000 
 
 14,387 
 
 383,427 
 
 9,834 
 
 202,460 
 
 13,570 
 
 1,037,088 
 
 6,825 
 
 794,837 
 
 19,229 
 
 2,187,371 
 
 18,950 
 
 1,136,100 
 
 10,492 
 
 283,014 
 
 51,038 
 
 4,399,021 
 
 19,280 
 
 531,882 
 
 8,313 
 
 165,000 
 
 12,764 
 
 135,000- 
 
 7,985 
 
 136,700 
 
 9,176 
 74,440 
 
 I 160,268 
 
 ' 2,130,500 
 
 12,663 
 
 218.51-> 
 
 9je£0 
 
 891,0lu 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Abel, John, confectionery, 39 
 
 Abel, Edward, carpets, 55 
 
 Ackerman & Baesley, jewelry, 59 
 
 Allentown. , 97 
 
 Allen Continentals, Co. B., 106 
 
 Allen Rifles Co. D., 105 
 
 Business College, 104 
 
 Female College, 105 
 
 banks, 104 
 
 bridges, 107 
 
 business advantages, 99 
 
 churches, 101 
 
 conclusion, 107 
 
 fair grounds, 106 
 
 fire department, 100 
 
 from 1860 to 1880, 95 
 
 incorporation as a borough, 98 
 
 its early growth, 97 
 
 location and surroundings, 98 
 
 medical societies, 105 
 
 Muhlenberg College, 102 
 
 municipal departments, police, 100 
 
 musical societies, 105 
 
 newspapers, 104 
 
 prominent buildings, 99 
 
 prominent industries, 107 
 
 public schools, 102 
 
 railroads, canals, etc., 107 
 
 societies and social clubs, 105 
 
 taxes and debt, 100 
 
 the cause of the slow progress, 98 
 
 the great fire, 98 
 
 the present appearance, 99 
 
 the sanitary condition, 99 
 
 the starting of the town, 97 
 
 water and gas. 101 
 
 Allentown Iron Company, 131 
 Allentown Manuf'g Co., phosphate and 
 
 l)aints, 110 
 
 Allentown Oil Company, 125 
 
 Allentuwn Pottery, A. Bach, proprietor, 135 
 
 Albright's freight delivery, 138 
 
 Allen Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 126 
 Allison, Mans & Co., found's andmach'ists 191 
 
 Alsfelt, F., segars and tobacco, 52 
 
 American Hotel, Bath, 94 
 Anewalt, S. B. & Co., wholesale hats and caps 119 
 
 Anthony & Ebbecke, hardware, etc., 139 
 Apple, Edward S. & Co., mft'rs of furniture, 121 
 
 Arnold & Krell, brewery, 191 
 Aschbach, G.C. & Co., musical instruments, 135 
 
 Babb, R. F., drugs, books, etc. 92 
 
 Bachman, A. M., photographer, 131 
 Bachman, S. 0., flour, feed, hay, and grain, 126 
 
 Bachman & Co., grain merchants, 83 
 
 Bader, Wm., currier of leather, 95 
 Barber, Keiser & Co., mf'ts turbine water 
 
 wheels, etc. 108 
 
 Barber, L. P. & Co., stoves, etc., 193 
 
 Barnitt P. & Co., paper hangers, 66 
 
 Barrall, J. H., dry goods and groceries, 96 
 
 Barron, Chas., farm wagons, 56 
 
 Bath, 94 
 
 Bartholomew, E. D., stoves, etc., 186 
 
 Beahm, Henry., boots and shoes, 86 
 
 Bechel, Chas.W., iron founder and machin't, 80 
 
 Beck, Jos., mft of carriages, 59 
 
 Beck, W. M., wall paper, 134 
 
 Beers, Asa, R., dry goods, etc., 184 
 
 Beitel, Jas. C, jeweler, 146 
 
 Beitel, R. 0., jeweler, 92 
 
 Betge, A. P., confections and ice cream, 83 
 
 Bethlehem. 66 
 
 at the present time, 68 
 
 banking institutions, 73 
 
 churches, 72 
 
 conclusion, 74 
 
 early settlement, 66 
 
 fire department, 73 
 
 gas works, 73 
 
 hotels and public buildings, 73 
 
 in 1857, 68 
 
 music and public halls, 72 
 
 naming the town, 66 
 
 newspapers, 73 
 
 railroads and canals, 69 
 
 the "economy," 67 
 
 the first hotel, ' 67 
 
 the leading industries, 69 
 
 The Lehigh University, 71 
 
 the public and private schools, ' 70 
 
 the revolutionary war, 67 
 
 the river, 74 
 
 the town's natural advantages, 69 
 
 streets and buildings, 74 
 
 South Bethlehem schools, 71 
 
 water works, 72 
 
 Birchall & Parton, plumbers, etc., 126 
 
 Bitting, Henry, hats, caps, and furs. 134 
 
 Bixler, C. W., jewelry 36 
 
 Black, Daniel, tinware, etc., 54 
 
 Blue Mountain Slate Quarry, Williamstown, 158 
 
 Blue Vein Slate Company, 158 
 
 Borhek, F. R., boots and shoes, 85 
 
 Borhek & Miksch, lumber and coal, 85 
 
 Boroughs and towns in the Lehigh Valley, 4 
 
 Boyer, Ed. D., drugs, 144 
 
 Breninger, G. & W., general store, 162 
 
 Brown, Chas, F., lumber, 86 
 
 Brunner & Siegfried, machinist, 85 
 
 Buchman, Evan, lumber yard and mill, 39 
 
 Bush & Bull, dry goods, etc,, 48 
 
 Bush, Bull, & Diehl, dry goods, 79 
 
 Butz, J. S. & Bro., lumber, etc., 49 
 
 Butz, Samuel, mft shirts, 36 
 
 Caine, Theodore, mf'tr, confectionery. 
 
 35 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 20» 
 
 Caine, Tlion , millinery, 36 
 
 Carbon Iron and Pipe Co., (limited), l(i4 
 
 Carpenter & Bennett, drv s<'Ods, cfc, 50 
 
 Cortright, N. D. <fe Son. wholesale coal dlr'a 183 
 
 Caskie & Eniack, rooting slate, 158 
 
 Catasau<]ua. 140 
 
 churches and public schools, 141 
 
 general appearance, 142 
 
 its settlement, 140 
 
 railroad facilities. 141 
 
 Tlie Catasauqua and Fogelsville R.R., 142 
 
 The Crane Iron Companj', 142-3 
 
 the first anthracite furnace, 140 
 
 the town of to-day, 141 
 
 water and fire department, 141 
 
 Catasauqua Brewery, C. Stockburger, pro'p, 144 
 
 Catasau(iua Mills, Wra. Younger, pro'p, 145 
 
 Chapman Slate Quarry. 77 
 
 Christman, J. S., general store, 147 
 
 City Carriage Works, Christ, Peter & Co., 120 
 
 Clauss (fe Bro., merchant tailors, clothing, etc, 169 
 
 Coe & Co., jewelery, 44 
 
 Colt, Henry, coal and wood, etc., 133 
 
 Columbia Slate Quarry, Dr. A. P. Steckel, 
 
 proprietor, I59 
 
 Cooke, A. D. mft'r furniture, 47 
 
 Coplay, 149 
 
 Coplay Iron Works, 151 
 
 Cornell & Michler, groceries, 47 
 
 Corwin, Chas. & Bro., general store, 145 
 
 Coplay Cement Company, 114 
 
 Coxe Bros. & Co,, coal miners and shippers, 196 
 
 Crater, Jos. F., wholesale produce, 57 
 
 Cummings, John, bottler, 62 
 
 Daily, Thomas, hatter, 45 
 
 Daub, Theo. G., pottery, 63 
 
 Daub, Wra. J., furniture, 35 
 
 Degelow, F. G., carver and turner in ivory, 85 
 
 Deickmann, John, general store, 184 
 
 Dodson. F. G., Mountain City Tea Store, 195 
 
 Dodson, Weston & Co., miners of coal, 81 
 
 Dorney, C. A., manufacturers of furniture, 113 
 
 Drake, L. W., manuf'r caskets and coflans, 192 
 
 Drinkhouse, Samuel, hats and caps, 57 
 
 Dunn; A. R., wholesale tobacco, 52 
 
 Eagle Drug Store, A. Weber, pro'p, 137 
 
 Earle, E. M., steam soap and candle works, 109 
 
 East Mauch Chunk, I77 
 
 Easton , 07 
 
 banks, 52 
 
 board of trade, 35 
 
 borough government, 29 
 
 borough incorporation, 28 
 
 cemetery, 33 
 
 churches, 29 
 
 conmiercial advantages, 34 
 
 department of fire, 29 
 
 department of police, 29 
 
 early history, 27 
 
 formation of county, 27 
 
 gas and water, 33 
 
 Glendon, 35 
 
 liotels, 34 
 
 its desirable situation, 28 
 
 Lafayette College, 30 
 
 newspapers, 32 
 
 Phillipsburg, N. J,, 35 
 
 post-oltice, S3 
 
 l)rivato institutions, 32 
 
 prominent buildings, 84 
 
 ])ul)lic schools, 30 
 
 railroad and canals, 28 
 
 revolutionary war, 28 
 
 Societies, 34 
 
 South Ea.s-ton, 35 
 
 the natural beauty, 
 
 the present ap])earance, 
 
 the town surveved, 
 Easton Lock Works, ' 
 Easton Marble Comjiany, 
 Kburt, Chiis. M.. druggist. 
 Egge. W. J., & Co., manufacturers of bricks, 
 Eggert, H. B., phntogra])her, 
 Ehrhart, Samuel H., inft paper bags, 
 Engle, F. G., frames, brackets, etc., 
 Engleman, It., carriages, 
 Emery, Jos. D., coal and wood. 
 Eureka Mills, flour, etc., 
 E\erhart, Wm., bottler, 
 
 84 
 
 28 
 27 
 60 
 44 
 
 182 
 
 r24 
 
 85 
 49 
 80 
 126 
 77 
 57 
 57 
 
 Faga, John F., sewing machines and organs, 180 
 
 Fahs, J. M., confcct'ry, canned goods, etc., 85- 
 
 Fultzinger, cigars, 95. 
 
 Farr, J. L. & Co., boots and shoes, 129 
 
 Faltzinger, Dr. R. D., surgeon dentist, 133 
 
 Finley, George, books and stationery, 49 
 
 Fisher, A. W., bleachery, 132 
 
 Fisher, H. H., mf t gas and water pipe, 112 
 
 Fcelker, J. C. & Sons, veterinary surgeons, 133 
 
 Fox & Fulmer, jewelry, 53. 
 
 Franklin Quarry, Kurtz & Jacobs, prout'rs, 161 
 
 Freemansburg, g^ 
 
 Frosthovel, Geo., harness, 65 
 
 Frutchey, Wm., carriages, 92 
 
 Fulmer, Daniel G., mill picks, 41 
 
 Fulmer, Wm.. furniture, 62 
 
 Gabriel, H., mftr woolen and cotton goods, 121 
 
 Gabel, J. L., hardware, etc., 173 
 
 Gazetteer of counties and towns, 13 
 
 GeLsinger, John A., flour mill, 65 
 
 Germania Lager Beer Brewery, iig 
 
 Giering, J. F., jeweler, 92 
 
 Giering, L. F., jewelry, §3 
 
 Glanz, Edwin S., wines and liquors. 48 
 
 Goldsmith, Isaac, cigars, etc. 60 
 
 Goldsmith, M., notions and fancy goods, 54 
 
 Gorman, G. D., dry goods and notions, 196 
 
 Goth & Wolmuth, paper hangers, etc., 76 
 
 Grim, W. J., leather and tanner's oil, 109 
 
 Gross, Dr. C. L.. drugs, 65 
 
 Gross, Faltzinger & Co., hardware, etc^, 162 
 
 Guth & Kern, dry goods and notions, 123 
 
 Hagerty, John H., hardware, etc., 63 
 
 Hall, Geo., Singer sewing machine, 184 
 
 Hapgood, Hay & Co., boots and shoes, 42 
 
 Hartman, G. iP., sewing machines, I37 
 
 Hartzel, Dr. H. K. & Co., drugs, 109 
 
 Hay, J. & Sons, jobbers of dry goods and 
 
 notions, 53 
 Hayden, J. C. & Co., coal miners and ship's, 192 
 
 Hazzard, Wm. H., wall pai)er, 45 
 
 Hecker, W. F., millinery and notions, 127 
 
 Heimbach, B. F., undertaker's supplies, 131 
 
 Heilman, Moses, merchant miller, 174 
 
 Heller, W. J., sign painter, 48 
 
 Hemmerly, J. H., upholster, etc., 82 
 Hemmingway, E. E., saddlery and hardware, 37 
 
 Henninger & Flexer, ag. nun'hinery, 128 
 
 Herrman, C. F., musical instruments, 130 
 
 Hersh & Bro., stoves, etc., 123 
 
 Hess, Bro. & Co., wholesale grocers, 00^ 
 
 Hicks, W. R., mftr of Hick's cement, etc., lOi) 
 
 Hoff", J. P., M. D., physician and druggist, 61 
 
 Hokendauqua, 142 
 
 "Hokcndauqua Mills," Stempton, 161 
 
 Hooven Bros., general store, ISO 
 
 Hazleton, 187 
 
 borough government, 189 
 
 churclies. 189 
 
204 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 coal interest, 188 
 
 hoteb, 190 
 
 its location, 187 
 
 newspapers, 190 
 
 public schools, 189 
 
 railroads, 190 
 
 the early history, 188 
 
 the present appearance, 189 
 
 Hooven, G. W. & W. T., oils, 185 
 
 Horn, C. T., M. D., druggist, 173 
 
 Horn, Chas. W., drugs, books, etc., 162 
 
 Hutt", Morris M., harness, 161 
 
 Hunt, E. I., hardware, 47 
 
 Industrial Fire Brick Works, 116 
 
 Jeans, E. D., photographer, 128 
 
 Johnson, Jos., grocer, 57 
 Johnston & Weed, dry goods and notions, 38 
 
 Jordan Mutual Fire Insurance Co., 118 
 
 Kaeppel, C, dying, 137 
 
 Keller, Thos. A., sewing machines, 36 
 
 Keller, Thos. A., vegetable restorative, 39 
 
 Keller, Wm. H., pianos, etc., 40 
 
 Keller & Bro., jewelery, etc., 130 
 
 Kemerer, Geo. W., general store, 147 
 
 Kenierer, Wm., general store, 173 
 
 Kern, Benjamin, general merchandise, 161 
 
 Kern, George P., druggist, 95 
 
 Keystone Mutual Benefit Association, 111 
 
 King, T. F., surgeon dentist, 45 
 
 Kistler, Perry J., general store, 170 
 
 Kleckner & Co., carriages, 95 
 
 Kleppinger, A. J., wholesale grocer, 125 
 
 Klump, C. C, druggist, 135 
 
 Knauss, W. H., manuf r shoe uppers, 132 
 
 Knauss & Grammes, machinists, etc., 125 
 
 Knecht, Frank, photographer, 59 
 
 Kock & Bro., cigars, 172 
 
 Krause, L. D., boots and shoes, 130 
 
 Kreidler & Michael, carriages, 93 
 
 Krumm, A. E., stoves, etc., 190 
 
 Kutz, J. A., wall paper, 138 
 
 Kuntz & Co., general store, 185 
 
 Lack, J. J., clothing, 84 
 
 Ladenslager & Babb, manuf rs of chairs, 135 
 
 Laing, Wm. H. clothing, 35 
 Lauderburn, Smith & Deisroth. dry goods, 197 
 Lawfer, W. R. & Co., dry goods, groceries, etc, 119 
 
 Laury's Flour Mill, J. R. Schall, pro'p, 152 
 
 Lee, W. H., carriage body maker, 56 
 
 Leh & Co., manuf rs of boots andshoes, 121 
 
 Leh, H. M. & Co., clothing, 123 
 
 Lehigh Car Manufacturing Co., 151 
 
 Lehigh Iron Works, 138 
 
 Lehigh Fire Brick Co., 143 
 
 Lehigh Manufacturing Co., 80 
 
 Lehigh Stove Works, 172 
 
 Lehigh Valley Emery Wheel Co., 170 
 
 Lehigh Valley File Works, 137 
 
 Lehi-gh Valley Railroad, 87 
 
 Lehigh AVater Gap, 157 
 
 Lehigh ton, 165 
 
 Lehman, B. E., Lehigh V. Brass Works, 86 
 
 Leibert, Aug. H., books and stat)ionery, 80 
 
 Leith, J. W., boots and shoes, 132 
 Leizening,- Texler & Co., bookslr's and pub., 112 
 
 Levy, Jonas, clothing, 53 
 
 Levan, W. F., general merchandise, 152 
 
 Liebermann, J., Eagle Lager Beer Bwr'y, 113 
 
 Linderraan, Skeer & Co., miners of coal, 76 
 
 Losch, C. F., livery stable. 136 
 
 Losch, John, nurseryman, 131 
 
 Losch, Walter, marble, 134 
 
 Luckenbach, E. H., drugs, 84 
 
 Luckenbach & Blasius, flour mill, 65 
 
 Luckenbach, E. F., books, stationery, etc., 184 
 
 Lucy Furnace Co., Glendon, 86 
 
 Mack, J. C, stoves, etc., 159 
 
 Magee Bros., wholesale segars, fruits, etc,, 62 
 
 Martin, C. F. & Co., manufr's of guitars, 91 
 
 Massey's jewelery establishment, 124 
 
 Mauch Chunk, 175 
 
 banking institutions, etc., 119 
 
 churches, schools, etc., 175 
 
 concert hall, 179 
 
 fire companies, 17-9 
 
 Glen Onoko, 180 
 
 its attractions for tourists, 179 
 
 incorporation of the borough, 177 
 
 its early history, 175 
 
 population, 171 
 
 the great freshet, 171 
 
 newspai^ers, 178 
 
 Societies, 178 
 
 Switchback, 17-9 
 
 the coal interest, 178 
 
 the late Hon. Asa Packer, 178 
 
 the town to-day, 177 
 
 McConochie, Ed., foundry and machine shop, 160 
 
 McKeen & Co., mfr's of cotton goods, 
 
 McNair & Hoagland, druggists. 
 
 Meeker, C. W., stoves and hardware, 
 
 Menline, M., cigars and tobacco, 
 
 Mill Creek Mining Comj^any, 
 
 Miller & Grubb, clothing. 
 
 Miller, H. L., photographer, 
 
 Miller, R. A., hats, caps, etc., 
 
 Miller, Thos. T., hardware. 
 
 Miller, W. S., boots and shoes, 
 
 Morgan & Caskie, general store, 
 
 Morton, H. M., hardware, etc., 
 
 Mosser, W. F., mftr's turbine water wheels, 
 
 Mosser & Keck, tanners, 
 
 Mummey, Chas., harness, 
 
 Murray, P. P., boots and shoes. 
 
 Nadig, H. & Bro., machinists and founders, 
 
 Nagle, B. W., wholesale dealer in tobacco, 
 
 Nazareth, 
 
 Net}', Joel, Washington Vein Roofing Slate, 
 
 Neckum, Wm., mei-chant tailor, 
 
 Nightingale, C. T., mfr boots and shoes, 
 
 Oak Hall Cigar Factory, Weaver Bros, pro'p. 
 
 Obert, Jos., packing, curing and smoking, 
 
 Odenwelder, A. J., druggist, 
 
 Oden welder, H. P. B., groceries andhardw're, 
 
 Odenwelder, John H., cigars, 
 
 Oliver & Co., Easton Sheet Iron Works, 
 
 Oswald, B., mfr of brushes, 
 
 Packerton, 
 
 Pardee, A. & Co., coal miners and ship'rs. 
 
 Parry ville. 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 Peters, H. H., merchant tailor, 
 
 Peters, Jacob, general store, 
 
 Phoenix Brass and Iron Works, E. Gough, 
 
 Phillipsburg Stove Works, 
 
 Pollock, John, mfr of brushes, 
 
 Pond Creek Coal Company, 
 
 Powell, W. B., agricultural machinery, 
 
 Probst, Diehl & Co., publishers andbook'lrs, 
 
 Rapp & Manning, saw mill, 
 
 Rapsher & Zern, drugs, 
 
 Rau, Simon & Co., druggists, 
 
 Rauch, J. F., confections and ice cream, 
 
 60 
 194 
 
 55 
 
 45 
 182 
 191 
 137 
 147 
 
 44 
 196 
 162 
 
 48 
 122 
 117 
 146 
 182 
 
 119 
 
 134 
 
 90 
 
 160 
 
 75 
 
 34 
 
 125 
 171 
 43 
 49 
 58 
 46 
 131 
 
 169 
 
 194 
 
 163 
 
 5 
 
 174 
 
 164 
 
 129 
 
 61 
 
 55 
 
 182 
 
 123 
 
 122 
 
 34 
 170 
 
 81 
 78 
 
RESOURCES OF THE LEHIGH VALLEY. 
 
 205 
 
 Eeicli, B. F., undertaker, 46 
 
 Reis, Max., clothing, 146 
 
 Reniiiger, A. G. & Co., dry goods and gro'., 118 
 
 Revolution Paint Co., N. Bartlet, supt., 79 
 
 Rex, C. A. & Bro., general store, 181 
 
 Rlioad & Webb, drv goods and groceries, 95 
 
 nice, (ieo. H., Singer Sewing Machines, 195 
 
 nice, M. M., tailoring and clothing, 161 
 
 Riegel M. J., books and stationery, 58 
 
 Riogel & Tinsnian, dry goods, etc, 50 
 
 Ritter, Beck, & Leh, planing mill, 81 
 
 Hitter, W. J., stoves, etc., 132 
 
 Ritter & Saylor, nift'r, of fire brick, 120 
 
 Roberts, W. PI, drv goods, etc., 65 
 
 Robison, M. A., flour mill. 181 
 
 Rodger.*, E. J. , furniture, _ 197 
 
 Rormich,'0\ven, dry goods and groceries, 146 
 
 Ronug & Bro., marble, brown stone, etc., Ill 
 
 Roth, S. & W., mft'rs of brick, 123 
 
 Rose, H. T., mft'r paper boxes, 129 
 
 Rosenbaum, L., millinery, etc., 61 
 
 Ruhe Bros., mft'rs of cigars, 117 
 
 Ruch, Josiah, general store, 169 
 
 Schadt, T., dry goods, groceries, etc., 129 
 
 Schiffert. T. F., harness 100 
 Schlegel, Ziegenfus, & Co., mft'rs of chairs 
 
 and tables. 114 
 
 Schleppy, dry goods and carpets, 195 
 
 Sclimeyer & Co., marble workers, 121 
 
 Schnelier, Chas, G., stoves, etc., 145 
 
 Scholl, Henry, dry goods and groceries. 95 
 
 Schwartz, Frank, furniture, 186 
 
 Seem's Slate Quarry, 40 
 
 Seibert, Owen, mft'r coverlets, stockings etc, 54 
 
 Seibert, Wm. H., .slate, 160 
 
 Seigfried, E. D., jeweler, 138 
 
 Seigfried, Wm. H., bottler, 77 
 
 Seitz Bros., brewers and bottlers. 58 
 
 Sellers, Henry S., carriage manufacturer, 82 
 
 ■Semmel, Phaon A., carriages, 159 
 
 Semple, Henry B., drugs, 62 
 
 Semple, John, oils, 43 
 
 Shafer's New Bible House, 136 
 
 Sharkey, Mr.-?. P., general store, 186 
 
 Shellenberger, H. H., groceries, 59 
 
 Shinier, E. S., carpets, 136 
 
 Shimer, J. T., mft'r hosiery, 116 
 
 Shinier & Laub, carpets, 135 
 
 Shive Governor Works, M. C. Smylie, prop, 78 
 
 Singer Manufacturing Co., Easton, 35 
 
 Singer Manufacturing Co., Allentown, 117 
 
 Slatington, 153 
 
 borough incorporation, 155 
 
 churches and schools, 156 
 
 naming the town, 154 
 
 of to-day, 156 
 
 opening of the L. V. R. R., 154 
 
 operations began at Slatington, 153 
 
 railroads, 156 
 
 shipments of slate, 155 
 
 the early settlement, 154 
 
 the first slate (juarrying, 153 
 
 Slatington Four Mill, A. J. Kern, proprietor, 159 
 
 Slatington Planing Mill, J. Balliet, prop., 152 
 
 Slougli, Mrs. A. M., homcepathic pharmacy, 130 
 
 Smickley, W. M., cabinet maker, 93 
 
 Smith, A. J., harness, 83 
 
 Smith, G. A I. A., lime, brown stone, etc., 54 
 
 Smith, Wilber 0., shirt mftr., etc., 183 
 
 Smith & Clewell, planing mill, 83 
 
 Snyder, E. H., general store, 171 
 
 Snyder, J. D., dry goods, etc., 86 
 
 SoUiday, Reuben, mf'r iron railing, 128 
 
 Souders, H. J., stoves, etc., 144 
 
 Spaide Bros., groceries and provisions, 193 
 
 Stair, J. E., planing mill. 37 
 
 Statler, Tilghman, carriages, 128 
 
 St. Clair, Edwin, manufacturer shirts, 37 
 
 Steckel, W. R., groceries, 124 
 
 Stedman, John L., watches and jewelry, 186 
 
 Steers, Edw., dying establishment, 83 
 
 Stettner, A., clothing, 57 
 
 Stcltz, P. H., boots and shoes, 133 
 
 Steraton, 150 
 
 Stevens Bros., painters and paper hangers, 193 
 
 Stewart & Co., nifr's wire, 41 
 
 Stiles, C. H., books and stationery, 138 
 
 Stine & Kramlich, litjuor dealers, 146 
 
 Sout, J. v., photographer, 38 
 
 S.trauss, L. & Co., cigar.s, etc., 60 
 
 Stroh, W. H., foundry and machine shop, 185 
 
 Stroh, W. H. & Son, boots and shoes. 186 
 
 Swalm, A. J., groceries and provisions, 197 
 
 Swank & Son, flour, feed, grain and coal, 185 
 
 Swartz, A. K., boots and shoes, 84 
 
 Swartz <fe Sons, general store, 144 
 
 Taylor, Jos., dry goods and groceries, 148 
 
 Taylor, W. H. & Co., railway supplies, etc., 122 
 
 The Temperance Mut'l Benefit Association, 51 
 
 Thomas Iron Works, Hokendauqua, 147 
 
 Tippett & Wood, boiler makers, 61 
 
 Tombler, H. G., wholesale grocer, 56 
 
 Trach's Academy, 53 
 
 Traeger, Jos. H., dry goods, groceries, etc., 79 
 
 Treharn, David, drv goods and groceries, 183 
 
 Trexler, E. W. & Son, lumber, 112 
 
 Trexler & Kreidler, carriages, 173 
 
 Uhl, Mathias, lager beer brewery, 86 
 
 Unangst, John J., general store, 92 
 
 Unangst & Kressler, druggists, 82 
 
 Union Foundry and Machine Co., 144 
 
 Walnutport, 1-57 
 
 Walnutport engine and machine works, 162 
 
 Walp, Jas., stoves and tinware, 161 
 
 Walter, Jacob, miller, 38 
 
 Walter, E. F., "99c." store, 84 
 
 Wartman, L. A. T. & Son, sadl'ry, hardw're, 116 
 
 Wasser & Haring, clothing, 132 
 
 Weaver, John A., pharmacist, 59 
 
 Webb, E. M., confectionery, groceries, etc., 118 
 
 Webb, Harry H., jewelry, 145 
 
 Weber, DanieL, farming implements, 133 
 
 Weil, F. W. & Co., mfr's of furniture, 127 
 
 Weissport, 165 
 
 Weissport Foundry, Miner Bros., proprts., 171 
 
 Witmer, John J., millinerv, 84 
 
 White Sewing Machine, 136 
 
 Whitney & Kemerer, min'rs Aship'rs of coal, 181 
 
 Wieder, W. F., leather and findings, 82 
 
 Wieand, Daniel, carriages, 172 
 
 Williams, David, slate, 157 
 
 Wilson Brothers, mfr's of bone mills, 51 
 
 Wind, A. H., merchant tailor, 134 
 
 Wirt, Samuel, general store, 146 
 
 Wolf & Hamaker, nifrs middlings purifier, 124 
 
 Wolfertz, C. F. a Co., mfrs pocket cutlery, 127 
 
 Wonderly, B. F., undertaker, etc., 130 
 
 Yaeger, L., furniture and undertaking, 184 
 
 Young, G. A., hats, caps, etc. 75 
 
 Young, Wm., Easton Brass Works, 42 
 
 Young A Schlough, Eagle Iron Foundry, 52 
 
 Zearfoss a Hilliard, lumber, 46 
 
 Zellner Bros. A Co., tobacco and groceries, 110 
 
 Zimmele, John B., furniture, 82