■m o«ii» /-> THE PHILOSOPHY OF FOOD. /d/O, / // THE Philosophy of Food; A TREATISE SHOWING THAT THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF VEGETABLE, FRUIT AND ANIMAL FOOD, VIZ: STAMEN, FRUIT AND GERM. AND, ALSO, THAT EACH KIND IN ONE IS LIKE THE SAME KIND IN THE OTHER TWO: THAT IS, VEGETABLE STAMEN FOOD IS LIKE FRUIT AND ANIMAL STAMEN FOOD, AND VICE VERSA; AND VEGETABLE FRUIT FOOD IS LIKE FRUIT AND ANIMAL FRUIT FOOD, AND VICE VERSA; AND VEGETABLE GERM FOOD IS LIKE FRUIT AND ANIMAL GERM FOOD, AND VICE VERSA. AND, ALSO, THE PROPER STAGE OF GROWTH AT WHICH ANIMAL FOOD SHOULD BE USED. AND, ALSO, HOW TO TELL SWEET, TENDER, WHOLESOME MEAT FROM MEAT THAT IS RANK, TOUGH AND UN- WHOLESOME. ALSO, HOW TO RAISE, AND WHY IT IS CHEAPER TO RAISE THE FIRST MENTIONED KIND OF MEAT THAN THE LAST. AND, ALSO, THE LIABILITY TO AND DANGER OF USING TOO MUCH OF THE GERM OR GRAIN KIND OF FOOD. Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1877, by O. W. Morley, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. THE PHILOSOPHY OF FOOD. Stamen food is in a stalk, or a root, or an animal. Nature intends it to nourish the part of a stalk, or a root, or an animal that is unsuitable for food, while a stalk, or a root, or an animal is growing and bearing seed. Fruit food is the fruit of a stalk, or a root, or a tree, or- an animal. Nature intends it to nourish the seed that a stalk, or a root, or a tree, or an animal bears with fruit, while the seed is growing and becoming a stalk, or a root, or a tree, or an animal. Germ food is the seed of a stalk, or a root, or a tree, or an animal. Nature intends it to grow and become a stalk, or a root, or a tree, or an animal. The Stamen kind of vegetable food is cabbage, cauli- flower, parsnip, beet, etc. ; that is in a stalk, or root. Na- ture intends it to nourish the part of a stalk, or a root that is unsuitable for food, while a stalk, or a root is growing and bearing seed. Tlie Fruit kind of vegetable food is squash, egg-plant, tomato, etc. ; that is the fruit of a stalk. Nature intends it to nourish the seed that a stalk bears with fruit, while the seed is growing and becoming a stalk. The Germ kind of vegetable food is wheat, rice, and all kinds of grain that is the seed of a stalk. Nature intends it to grow and become a stalk. The Stamen kind of fruit food is pine apple, that is in a root. Nature intends it to nourish the part of a root that is unsuitable for food while a root is growing and bearing seed. Pine apples grow in the ground, from the seed, like parsnips, beets, etc. The Fruit kind of fruit food is apple, peach, berry, melon, etc. ; that is the fruit of a stalk, or a tree. Nature intends it to nourish the seed that a stalk, or a tree bears with fruit, while the seed is growing and becoming a stalk or a tree. The Germ kind of fruit food is all kind of nuts that is the seed of a stalk or a tree. Nature intends it to grow and become a stalk or a tree. The Stamen kind of animal food is beef, mutton, veal, lamb, chicken, duck, turkey, white-fish, shad, salmon, etc., that is an a-Qimal, Nature intends it to nourisli that part of an animal that is unsuitable for food while an animal is growing and bearing seed. The Fruit kind of animal food is all kinds of milk that is the fruit of an animal. Nature intends it to nourish the seed that an animal bears with fruit while the seed is growing and becoming an animal. The Germ kind of animal food is all kind of eggs that is the seed of an animal. Nature intends it to grow and become an animal. Thus the three kinds of vegetable, fruit and animal food are alike in each. There is only one article that is used for food that is not (wholly) like one of the three kinds ; that is potatoes. They are partly like each, but wholly, like neither. They are very valuable and can be used for all the purposes that is required of vegetable food. When animals are at the stage in their growth that cabbages, pine apples, cauliflowers, parsnips, etc., — the stalks and roots which yield the same kind of vegetable and fruit food — are in when they are used, which is just before cabbage, pine apples, etc., commence to grow to bear seed, which stage in the growth of animals is just before their organs of propagation commence to have effect, which is when they are at the age at which they are weaned, the flesh is sweeter, tenderer and richer than at any time before or after. While an animal is growing from the age at which it is weaned into the age at which it bears seed, the substance that gives the flesh flavor and value for food, is absorbed in nourishing the animal while it is undergoing the change. Like the head, or part of a cabbage that is used for food, being absorbed in nourishing the stalk while the cabbage is bearing seed. And the muscles and flesh of an animal become tough and dry, somewhat like the stalk of a cab- bage when the seed is ripe. An animal is not all exhausted by once bearing as a ca.b- bage is. Because an animal has more vitality than a cab- bage. But once bearing, or even the effect of the organs of propagation upon an animal without bearing, is suflB- cient to exhaust the rich flavor and substance of the flesh and to leave it tough, dry, and unwholesome. Cabbages, pine apples, etc., the stalks and roots which yield the Stamen kind of vegetable and fruit food, where a part of a stalk or a root is used, are made short lived, which makes them tender so that they can be used. If animals are castrated before their organs of propaga- tion commence to have effect, the flesh does not become tough and rank ; when they are developed in size and weight the flesh is coarser and contains less nourishment than when they are at the age at which they are weaned, but it is sweet, juicy, tender, rich and wholesome. The difference between the flesh from a castrated animal and the flesh from an animal wherein the organs of propa- gation have had effect is not manifest to the eye. The flesh from a fat heifer looks as plump and rich as the flesh from a fat steer ; but it shrinks more by cooking because it contains more waste, and the lean part is tougher, and dryer, and has a poorer flavor. The difference is most discernable in the fat part of the flesh, which from the thriftiest, fattest heifers is rank and unwholesome, and unsuitable for food ; but from a steer it is, like the fat part of the flesh from an animal when it is at the age at which it is weaned, sweet and wholesome, and just what is desir- able to accompany the lean. A little observation will enable any one to tell by the taste of the fat part of the flesh what kind of an animal it is from. The bulk and weight of food is no indication of the amount of nourishment that it contains. A quart of poor milk weighs more than a quart of rich milk. On the other side, apples that are hard, fine-grained, and rich in flavor and nourishment, weigh more and contain more nourishr ment than apples of equal size that are soft, coarse-grained- and poor in flavor and nourishment. The amount of ground _or feed required to produce food indicates the amount of nourishment it contains. Trees that bear hard, fine-grained, rich apples, do not yield as many as trees yield that bear soft, coarse-grained, poor apples. Cows that yield ricli milk either consume more feed or yield less milk than cows that yield poor milk. If a steer and a heifer are fattened together and con- sume equal quantities of feed, the amount of flesh that they produce is not equal because the conditions under which they are fattened are unequal. The organs of pro- pagation are a continual drain upon the heifer, and a por- tion of the nourishment or feed consumed by her is used to sustain them. All the feed consumed by the steer is used to build up his size and weight. When they are at the greatest size and weight that they are capable of attaining, the steer is the largest and heaviest without having consumed any more feed. This, with there being so much waste in the flesh of a heifer, especially as the fat part is unsuitable for food, makes it far more profitable to use animals that are castrated than animals of either sex that are not unsexed, for producing flesh. The proper meat to use for food is the flesh from any animal that has arrived nearly at, but that has not mate- rially passed the age at which it is weaned ; and the flesh from any animal that was castrated at that age, such as a steer for beef, a wether for mutton, and a barrow for pork. The fat that is around the kidneys and on the entrails of animals, is not suitable for food from any animal. It is not at all like the fat flesh. All animals that are kept for breeding can be used for that purpose until they are incapable of reproduction ; then the muscles and flesh are so hard, tough and dry that they aie unsuitable for any purpose, and all that is left of such animals, except the hides, can be buried without any infringement upon economy. Of the Fruit kind of animal food, the cream from the milk only is suitable for food; the core of an apple, the entrails of a squash, and skimmed milk are made to serve the eame purpose in the growth of the seed or animal, and neither is suitable food for man. There is only one period in the growth of man when the whole of milk is suitable food for him ; that is from birth unto the age at which he is weaned. After that the stomach gradually undergoes a change which makes it unadapted to digest milk. This 6 cliange is very slow in completing, and children can use milk until tliey are from twelve to fifteen years of age with- out any apparent disagreeableness. The Germ kind of food is composed of two substances, to-wit : The seed that grows, and a substance that nature intends to nourish the seed when it is grov/ing. Eggs will show the parts plainer than grains or nuts, because there is so much difference in the color of the parts in eggs. The white part is the seed that grows ; the yellow part, or the yolk, is the substance that nourishes the seed while it is growing or hatching. All of the wheat except; the bran is suitable for food. The bran is like the shell of an egg or a nut, too hard for the human stomach. Animals that are to be used for food are constructed entirely different from animals that are to be used for work. Quietness is essential in an animal that is to make flesh, and everytliing in the construction of a steer is calculated to make him love to be quiet. His muscles are tender and indentable, which makes them suitable for food and unable to endure the strain of work, and they are not very elastic, which with his small cords and bones, short, slender legs, and straight heavy quarters, give him a slow, awkward gait, and makes him dislike to travel. His feet are split which makes them less adapted to traveling, and to. stand the pressure of heavy drawing than if they were whole ; his hoof is thin and light, barely sufficient to protect his feet from the wet and cold, not calculated to protect them from becoming sore by usei and unadapted to hold a shoe so that he can be used for work because it does not grow- any after the feet have attained their full growth. His hide is thick and the pores are small and unyielding which makes it difficult for perspiration to take place at more than an ordinary rate, which is very slow, and if he is worked or exerted sufficient to cause heat and sweat he is oppressed by it, because so little passes out ; his hide makes thick, tough, firm, and strong leather, that answers far better for making harness and for other manufacturing purposes, where such leather is needed, than leather made from the hide of any other animal, and his hide being as it 13 keeps him from running off his flesli while fattening, because he is distressed liefore he can exert himself suffi- cient to have any effect. When he is well fattened he yields an abundance of tallow, which is necessary for finishing leather and for other manufacturing purposes. He has a cud which is to raise his food after he first swal- lows it, and chew or grind it over and prepare it perfectly for quickly and economically entering into his system, and when he is well f*-d he loves to quietly and contentedly chew his cud and stand still. Activity and strength are essential in an animal that is to work ; and everything in the construction of a horse is calculated to make him active and strong, and to love exertion ; his muscles are hard and tough, which makes them unsuitable for food and able to endure the strain of work, and they are very elastic, which, with his large cords and bones, long, powerfully made legs, and sloping quar- ters, gives him a fast, easy gait and he loves to travel. His feet are whole which makes them better adapted to traveling and to stand the pressure of heavy drawing than if they were split; his hoof is thick and heavy, protecting his feet so that they do not become tender and sore by use and it grows very fast, even after the feet have obtained their full growth, which makes it adapted to hold a shoe and still further protect his feet and increase his foothold, because the part worn by the shoe nails can be pared off at each time of setting a shoe, and the nails driven into the new grown part ; if the hoof did not grow and the nails were driven into one place constantly, they would wear it so that it would not hold them. His hide is thin and the pores are large and yielding which makes it posf