PRICE 25 CENTS. F 199 .n89 1883 Copy 1 .+•* +4 +^. +4 ++ ++" ++ -M- -M- ++ ++ -M- W8 n I I u n MORRISON'S XX s [ GUIDE ) FOR Washington City. WITH /NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS AND MAP. na wi WASHINGTON: LLIAM H. MORRISON. K iff'jIZiL XX I XX I XX I t: I XX I tt I u I XX I u I XX ft i XX + + u I XX t + ^"f -H- + -f +"♦ •■+ ** + "«■ ++ ++ *-4 -^_ •li;^ MORRISON'S STRANGER'S GUIDE FOR al NuiMEROus Engravings M:vr: Lr ■> S O J o e » ^ j» ■ "> » c o « » ^> - » C T" 4 J Q B > Revised and Brottght Down to the Present Tmie^ WASHINGTON, D. C: WILLIAM H. MORRISON. 1883. •/Is? CONTENTS. PAGK Washington City 3 The Capitol— General Descrii»tion 5-24 Providence Hospital 24 United States Coast Survey < »ffice 24 Navy Yard 24 Government Hospital f^, appointed })y the President and confirmed by the Senate. Under a provision of the bill it is required that one of the said Commissioners shall be an officer of the Engineer Corps of the Army, whose lineal rank shall be above that of Captain. The Commissioners now holding office under this Act, are Major Lydecker, General West, and James B. Edmonds. The offices of tlie District Govern- ment are located in the Morrison Building, on Four-and-a-half Street, between Pennsylvania Avenue and C Streets, N. W. Under the provisions of the bill for establishing the permanent govern- ment, the Grovernment of the United States assumes a fair and equitable share of the general expenses of the District and of the cost of all improve- ments ; the effect of which has been a more rapid advance in material pros- perity than ever. It is now believed that in a short time Washington will become in every respect worthy the great nation whose Capital it is, and that in a few short years it will sit crowned the Queen City of the Continent, the delight and pride of all Americans. The growth of tlie District in population during the past twenty years has been quite rapid. In 1860 the total population was 75,080 ; in the next decade it had risen to 131,700, while the population of the city had in- creased from 61,122 to 109,199. Anotlier decade has now passed away and the new census just taken shows the population of the District to be 177,638 of which sum total there are within the limits of the city 147,307. We would here state that the separate cities, Washington and Georgetown, as they appear to be, are in reality but one; the latter having lost its political identity, but still under the law retaining its name. The same officials, the same laws, govern in both. Nothing separates the two places but a small stream (Rock Creek) flowing between. Counting in the population of Georgetown and several thickly-built outlying districts, immediately ad- jacent to the citv limits, swells the population of tlie Capital to over 160,000. There is also, at all times, a large floating population, Avhich during the height of the Congressional or gay season, must add to the above numbers at least 20,000 more. The following table of population was obtained from official sources (the Census Office), and may be regarded as being perfectly correct and reliable in every particular. Population of the District of Colvmbia. Accordinsf to the U. S. Census of 1880. ' Males 68,. 320 5,854 9,420 Fe- males 78,987 6,724 8,.333 Natives 133,070 11,768 15,689 For- eign. White U a ^ c 13 4 1 13 5 |_4 SJ Wai-hington. . . . gton. The corresponding northern abutment is occupied by a group, by Green- ough, representing Civilization, or the first settlement of America. On the left a mother holds. in terror her child, while the father arrests the murder- ous arm of the savage, as it is raised to give the deadly blow. The dog looks on the conflict with eager interest. This group is greatly admired, and consumed twelve years in executing, and cost $24,000. In the niche on the'north side of the great Bronze Door opening into the Kotunda, is a statue of Peace, a copy from the antique by Persico. Peace is a maiden who extends the olive-branch to war on the opposite side. Her garb is simple, and her expression one of womanly sweetness. War, the opposite niche, also from the antique, bears the determined, powerful look fitting such a subject, and is in appropriate contrast with his 24 stranger's guide sweet sister Peace. These pieces are finely finished, cost $12,000 each, and were five years in execution. _ • Over the Bronze Door is a basso relievo, representing Fame and Peace placing a laurel wreath on the brow of Washington. Directly in front of this portico is the colossal statue of Washington, by Greenough, about which there is such a diversity of opinion. It cost for work, freight, etc., $44,000. Edward Everett regarded it as one of the greatest works of sculpture of ancient or modern times. Flanking it upon either side are massive park lamps, their pedestals of highly polished and ornamented stone, and lantern above of bronze : also superb vases or caskets, the Aberdeenshire granite base being surmounted by beautiful bronze bowls, which, when completed, will be crowned with foun- tains, whose waters at night will be illuminated by lamps from within. Statue of Greene. — From this point, passing to the northeast corner of the park, a walk or drive of a half mile along Maryland Avenue, will bring the visitor to Stanton Place, the intersection of Maryland and Massachusetts Avenues. Here in a beautiful little park he will find the equestrian statue of Major-General Nathaniel Greene, of Revolutionary fame. It is an ad- mirably well-executed work of art, by H. K. Browne, and well worthy a visit. Fronting the park on the south side is one of the City Public School Buildings. PROVIDENCE HOSPITAL.— This Hospital is owned and cared for by the Sisters of Charity. It is open daily from 10 to 12 A. m., and from 2 to 4 p. M. It can be found by leaving the east gate of the east park of the Capitol, and going east along Pennsylvania Avenue to Second Street. It is on the corner of Second and D Streets, S. E., two squares south of Penn- sylvania Avenue. It was incorporated in 1864. Through the influence of Thaddeus Stevens, the "Great Commoner," of Pennsylvania, Congress appropriated $30,000 towards the building Any one applying is taken in. There are excellent accommodations for patients who pay. UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY OFFICE.— South of the Capitol, and within a few minutes' walk of it, pleasantly located on New Jersey Avenue, in a handsome and commodious brick building, can be found the United States Coast Survey office. Besides carrying on the work of its own proper sphere — the survey of the coasts of the United States — this office is also, under the laws, the custodian of the standard weights and measures of the country. The rooms containing them, as well as curious instruments for testing the same> will be found well worth a visit. Application to do so must be made to the officer in charge. NAVY YARD. — Returning to Pennsylvania Avenue, the visitor may enter the horse cars for the Navy Yard, which is situated at the terminus of the line. It is open from 7 A. m. until sundown. Two ship-houses, a copper-rolling mill, a naval storehouse, founderies, and shops for the manu- facture of almost everything necessary for fitting out a vessel, are to be found here. In one of the buildings can be seen the propagation of fish. TO AVASHINGTON CITY. 25 In the ordnance foundries and shops, the manufacture of guns, shot, and shell, is usually going on. In the museum is a curious collection of mu- nitions of warfare ; among ihem, on the first floor, is a Spanish gun, cast in 1490, brought by Cortez to America, and used in the conquest of Peru ; also, a small mortar, captured from Cornwallis, and many historical relics of the late war are stored here. Other interesting things of a similar nature are to be found scattered through the yard; among them an old Spanish gun acquired with the pur- chase of Florida, and a companion piece captured in the war with Mexico. The Monitors, Torpedo Boats, and other men of war if any are in port, may be boarded and examined ; indeed, the visitor is free to wander around and inspect things at his leisure, but he should be careful to pay due atten- tion and respect to any posted regulations. The new buildings just erected on either side of the gateway, are used as quarters for the officei'S and men of the marine corps stationed at this point. THE GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE (St. Elizabeth), lies east of the city, and can be seen from the Navy Yard on the opposite side of the river; it may be included in the first day's sight-seeing by an industrious visitor. It is only open on Wednesday, from 2 to 6 P. M. Leaving the Navy Yard and taking a street car of the Anacostia & Potomac Eiver P. P., which passes close to the gates, a ride over the bridge and through Uniontown to the terminous of the road, and then a walk of about a fourth of a mile, will take one to the Asylum, situated upon a summit of a commanding eminence. INSANE ASYLUM. The grounds comprise over 400 acres, which are cultivated for the use of the institution, many of the patients aiding in the labor. A w^all of 9 feet incloses nearly 200 acres, in which the edifice, 750 feet in length, is sur- rounded by trees, shrubs, flowers, and grass-plots. The eminence on which it is located is one of the highest in the vicinity, and aflfords the most superb view of the city to be obtained. THE MARINE BARRACKS are two squares north of the Navy Yard, on Eighth Street, between G and I Streets. In the armory are some interesting flags. The best time for a visit here is on Monday, at 10 A. m., when the band plays and general inspection of the corps takes place. There is a guard mount every day at 8 a. m. in summer, and 9 A. m. in winter. CHRIST CHURCH, the most venerable church edifice in the city, is on G Street, between Sixth and Seventh Streets, a square and a half from 26 ISTRANGER S GUIDE tlie Marine Barracks. It was erected in 1800, and for many years was the only place of Episcopal worship in the city. It was attended by Jeifferson and Madison. Services are still held here regularly. THE NAVAL HOSPITAL is between Ninth and Tenth Streets, and E Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, two squares from the Marine Barracks. It is open upon each afternoon. It is for the officers and men of the Navy and Marine Corps. THE CONGRESSIONAL CEMETERY is beautifully situated on the banks of the Anacostia, or Eastern Branch, about a mile above the Navy Yard. It is easily accessible from the Naval Hospital by following E Street east to the gates, which is a walk of about three quarters of a mile. It will amply repay the visitor to take the walk. It is not, as its name would indicate, and is generally supposed, the prop- erty of the Government, but is the property of Christ Church, above referred to. It comprises about 30 acres, and was laid out in 1807. A number of sites are reserved for the inter- ment of members of Congress, in return for donations by Govern- ment ; and, though few are buried here, there are 147 plain cenotaphs erected in memory of those mem- bers of Congress who have died during the term for which they were elected. There are some monuments of interest here; among these is one erected to George Clinton, in the northeast portion ; near by is one to mark the spot where lies Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, erected by Congress ; one to a Choctaw chief; one to William Wirt is further on. Near the fountain, on the left of the carriage drive, is the grave General McConib, the predecessor of General Scott as Commander-in-Chief of the Army. Near by lie the remains of General Jacob Brown. In the same portion of the grounds is the grave of A. P. Upshur, Secretary of State under Tyler. Gen- eral Gibson, General Archibald Henderson, and Commodore Isaac Cliaun- cey, are also buried here. The Wainwright Vault is in the Southern por- tion of the grounds, also the tomb. of A. D. Bache. Not far off" is the monu- ment erected to the young ladies who AVere killed by the explosion in the Arsenal. The bodies of General Thylor and Mr. Calhoun reposed for a few days in the' plain old vault, near the centre of the grounds. North of the lodge are the oldest graves — those of the Mather family — 1804. There is a public vault erected by Congress, near the centre of the grounds. TAe Washinf/ton Asylum is east of the cemetery. It is a workhouse as well as an asylum for tiie indigent. North is the new jail. CONGRESSIONAI, CEMETERY. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 27 Massachuaetts Avenue leads directly from the Asylum to Lincoln Park, in a northwesterly direction, at a distance of over half a mile from the Asylum, and one mile from the Capitol, at the intersection of Massachusetts, ISTorth Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee Avenues, and East Capitol, Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Streets. The Park is beautifully laid out and planted with trees and shrubs. A statue of the lamented President, for whom the park was named, the offering of the Freedmen of the country, is erected at the western end. The pedestal is of Virginia granite. The eastern terminus of the Metropolitan Street Railway is close to this park, and by its cars (and those of connecting lines) which run through the city and into Georgetown, the visitor may return to almost any point from which he set out, or if he desires to see the beautiful cemetery, Mount Olivet (Roman Catholic), and the Institution for the Deaf aud Dumb, a walk of three- fourths of a mile will lead out Tennessee • Avenue to Fifteenth Street, east, and thence to the terminus of H Street, and of the Columbia Street Railway, and thence a short distance on the turnpike to Mount Olivet. It consists of 70 acres, and was incorporated in 1862. Among the graves of interest are those of Mrs. Surratt, executed for being a party to the assassination of Lincoln, and of Wurtz, keeper of the Andersonville prison pens, executed in Washington, in 1865. THE COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB may be found by returning to the terminus of IT Street, and fol- lowing the boundary one-half mile northwest to '^ Kendall Green." It was incorporated in 1857, and has been sustained by the Government, for deaf mutes of the District, and of the army and navy. It has a collegiate de- partment open to both sexes. The Columbia Street cars run along H Street one-half mile south of the Institution, and will carry the visitor to the . Government Printing Office, corner of H and North Capitol Streets. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.— Vistors may enter this office at any time between 8 A. m. and 5 p. m., by stating to the watchmen their purpose. The building is 300 feet long on H Street, 173 feet on North Capitol Street, and is 50 feet deep and four stories high. The printing and binding authorized by CongresS) and the Executive and Judicial Depart- ments, are done in this building. It is the largest establishment of its kind in the world. Entering a car going west, at the Printing Office, the visitor will be re- turned to the centre of the city^ and thus end the first day. 1887 28 STRANGER'S GUIDE SECOND DAY. ALL BETWEEN PIRST AND PIFTEENTH STREETS, AND THE EIVEE AND SOLDIERS' HOME. The visitor can most conveniently commence the second day's sight- seeing at the Botanical Gardens, which he may easily reach by the Penn- sylvania Avenue Street cars. THE GOVERNMENT BOTANICAL GARDEN is situated imme- diately west of the Capitol Park, between First and Third Streets, west, and Pennsylvania and Maryland Avenues. The main entrance fronts the cen- tral gates of the west Capitol Park, and is open from 9 A. m. to 6 p. m. The grounds comprise 10 acres, and are adorned with trees and shrubs, and flowers of every clime. The Conservatory is constructed entirely of glass and iron, resting on walls of solid masonry, faced witli beautiful white mar- ble. In the central building, a circular stairway of iron leads to an Observ- atory, Mdiich affords a fine view of the Capitol and the plants below. Permission to ascend can be obtained of the Superinten- dent. The entire building is 300 feet long, the diameter of the centre is about 61 feet, and the width of the wings 31 feet. In the central building, where the temperature is highest, is a fine collection of palms ; among them, the date, fan, oil, panaraa hat, rattan, and sugar palms. Here also are the screw pine of Australia, with its funny cork- screw leaves, and roots in the air ; the cinnamon tree, the banana, and the dumb cane of South America, which possesses the strange power of taking away speech if the sap of the root is tasted. BOTANICAL GARDENS. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 29 In the east wing and range tlie temperature is lower. It contain -i, among other interesting plants, the india-rubber, the passion flower, the bread tree, the cofl'ee plant, and a large variety of cactus. The temperature in the west wing is lower than the centre, and hei'e are many Chinese and Japanese plants. The camphor tree, from Japan ; the tea plant ; the tallow tree, from China ; the papyrus, or paper plant, of Egypt ; the guava, the vanilla, St. John's bread tree, and many other famous and curious plants are to be seen here. South of the main conservatory are ten smaller conservatories ; one is de- voted to camellia japonica and one to orchids, or air plants, and others to propogation of phants of various kinds. The nucleus of the collection was formed by those brought home by Commodore Wilkes. The entire establitshment is under the skilled care of Mr. Wm. R. Smith, whose faithful and intelligent efibrts are making the gardens so beautiful and successful. The object is education of the people and the dissemination of plants among them.' Each Member of Congress receives a share of plants and seed. THE ARSENAL. — Leaving the gardens by the west gate, the visitor may w^alk from Third to Four-and-a-half Street, along the drive which extends from the White House to the west entrance to the Botanical Gardens, and, at Four-and-a-half Street, take the street-cars going south to the Arsenal. These buildings and grounds are located upon a point which is the most southern portion of the city, at the foot of Four-and-a-half Street, and is sur- rounded on three sides by the Potomac. The grounds are open to visitors from sunrise to sunset. The old Penitentiary building made famous by the assassination trials, formerly stood here; beneath one of the cells of which the body of the assassin Booth was for a time buried. The other conspirators were also buried here, but all have been removed and reinterred elsewhere. The large building at the end of the main drive is the residence of the Chief of Ord- nance. In the store- houses are stored vast quantities of ammunition and arms. There are also a number of workshops. Twenty-one girls Avere killed here in 1864, by an explosion in one of the laboratories. The visitor will return by the same route which conveyed him to the Arsenal grounds, and leaving the car at Seventli Street, will see the Centre Market House, which is claimed to be the largest market building m the country and it is thought in the world. It is directly south of Pennsylvania Avenue, between Seventh and Ninth Streets. A few steps south of this point the visitor can enter the Park, which, be- ginning with that of the Capitol, under various titles, stretches westward to the river, including within its limits in the following order : the Botanical Garden, the building known as the armory, now used by the Smithsonian Institution as a storehouse, the Smithsonian Institution and National Mu- seum, the Department of Agriculture, the National Washington Monument with the carp ponds at its base, together with the Bureau of Engraving and Printing which is abutting it upon the southwest corner. Then a short walk 30 STRANGERS GUIDE through the shady paths and roadways to the southern side will bring him to the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION and the National Museum. They' are open to the public every day in the year, except Sundays, from 9 A. M. to 4.30 p. M. James Smithson, a gentleman of education and a scientist, a natural son of Hugh, iirst Duke of Northumberland, England, died at Genoa, in 1828, and bequeathed his property to his nephew, on the condition that in the event of his nepliew's decease without heirs, it should go to the United States, '' to found, at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." His nephew, then in a hopeless state of consumption, died without heirs, and the property, estimated at half a million of dollars, passed to the United States. Congress accepted the bequest on the 1st of July, 1836, and the fund was received by Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, who Avas authorized to collect it, and deposited in the Treasury, September 1, 1§38, where it gathered interest until 1846, when, after a long discussion a law was passed establishing the Institution as it now is ; and on May 1, 1847, the corner- stone was laid. President Polk and his Cabinet were present, and tlie orator was George M. Dallas, of Pennsylvania. The building was completed in 1856, and cost $450,000. In 1865 a fire destroyed the upper portion of the main building, so far as it was not fire- proof. It was restored in a fire- proof condition, but many things could not be replaced, that were consumed ; among them record books, scientific corres- pondence, the famous Stanley gallery of Indian paintings, apparatus, and some of the per- sonal effects of Smithson, The object of -the Institution is scien- titic research and publication. It is built of red sandstone, and was planned by Mr. Ren- wick, of New York. The style has been variously called Roman- esque, Norman, and Byzantine. It consists of a centre building 250 feet long, and 55 feet wide ; two connecting ranges and cloister 60 by 49 feet each ; and two wings, each 40 by 80 feet. The entire length is 450 feet. The north entrance passes under two towers, the higher one 145 feet high. Over the south entrance is a large square tower, massive but not high, being 37 feet square, and 91 feet in height. The main building is flanked at each angle by a tower, while the wings have smaller towers, making in all nine towei's. The most pleasing beauty of the building is, that while it is regular and symmetrical, it has no two parts similar. It never wearies, and affords all the varletv and svmmetrv desired hr the most critical. SJIITHSOXI-VN INSTITUTION. TO WASHI]S'GTO^' CITY. 31 The grounds, comprising 52 acres, were designed and partly laid out by Downing, the celebrated landscape gardener, whose death precluded the consummation of his plans. In the northeast portion is a vase erected by the American Pomological Society to his memory. The National Museum, established by Act of Congress, in 1842, first con- sisted of specimens brought home by the Wilkes Exploring Expedition. Originally domiciled in the Patent Office, in 1858 it was transferred to and placed in charge of the Smithsonian Institution. It was from this small beginning that it has grown to its present large proportions. ,The Museum occupies both the lower and upper halls of the Central building, the west range and the west wing. A statue to the late Secretary of the Institution, Professor Joseph Henry, has lately been erected in the grounds at the northwest angle of the building. The Smithsonian Institution is supported by the income from the fund, while the National Museum is supported by the United States. The relation which exists between the two, is, that the Institution is the Curator of the Museum. Prof. Spencer F. Baird, as Secretary of the Institution, is the head of the Museum. Upon leaving the In- stitution building, passing to the east, the visitor will come to the new building for the NATIONAL MUSEUM. As interior of the Smithsonian institution. it is still in an incomplete condi- tion we will attempt no detailed description of it, but the following brief notice may prove of interest. It is an inmiense structure, covering near two-and-a-halF acres of land, is built of brick, variegated courses, and considered to be perfectly fire-proof. It is mainly but one story in height, but at the four corners are pavillions rising to the height of three stories, and the four central entrances are flanked by towers. From the centre aiises a dome which is 77 feet in height on the side walls, while to tlie top of the finial it is 108 feet. From the centre of the dome radiates four naves, each 65 feet in width and 117 feet in length to the outer walls of the building; these naves form a Greek Cross, over the centre of which the dome rises, and part of the spaces between the arms of the cross are fitted up with halls of 65 feet square and of the same height as the naves. On the ground floor there are 17 halls, divided only, the one from the otjier, by the supporting columns of the roof; while on the main floor, and two n|>])er stories of the four corner pavillious, and the eight towers, there are 135 rooms, which are devoted to offices, working rooms, and the necessary modern conveniences. The new Museum has been erected under the supervision of a Building Commission of the Board of Begents, consisting of General Sherman, Hon. Peter Parker and Prof. Baird. Associated witji them as consulting en- 32 STRANG ER^S GUIDE NATIONAL MUSEUM. gineer lias been Gen. M. C. Mei,2:s ; Mr. Daniel Leech, Secretary. The architects are Messrs. Cluss and Schulze, of Washington. The amount ap- propriated by Congress for the construction of the "building was $250,000. It contains the art treasures presented to the United States, by many, nations' at the close of the Centennial Exposition of 1876, and valued at $800,000. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.— Directly west of the Smith- sonian tlie visitor will find the beautifully arranged grounds of this depart- ment, extending (from Twelfth to Fourteenth Streets. Tiie building was completed in 1868. It is 170 feet long, and 61 feet wide. It consists of a finished basement, three full stories, and a finished attic story. In the base- ment is a steam heating appara- tus, which heats and ventilates the building. The packing-rooms are located here also. The main entrance, on the north, leads to a vestibule decor- ated finely with fresco, and open- ing into the main hall, upon which are located the office of the Commissioner, the library, rooms for clerks, and the Chief Clerk's room, which is decorated with American wood-hano^ines. AGRICULTURAL DKPARTMENT. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 33 INTERIOR OF THE AGRICULTURAL DKPARTMENT. In the others is a collec- The south wing is the grapery, containing one hundred THE MUSEUM OP AGRICULTURE is on the second lloor. It shows the different agricultural productions of the L'nited States, and how they are affected by climate, soil, animals, birds, and insects. All will be explained by an attendant. In the room west of the Museum is an entomological collection. The Herbarium and Taxidermist's rooms are on the third floor. On this floor the seeds are assorted and put up for distribution. THE CONSERVATORY is west of the main building. The principal structure is 320 feet long and 30 feet wide, with a wing 150 feet long, extending south. In the centre pavillion are palms, pine-apples, and other tropical plants. tion worth seeing. varieties. This Department, with its Museum and Conservatories, is open to the public through the business week, daily, from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., except on Saturdays, when the hour for closing is 3 p.m. Passing out of the Agricul- tural grounds on the south side, a short walk westward along B Street, S. W., will bring the visitor to the BUREAU OF ENGRAV- ING AND PRINTING, a solid fire-proof structure built of brick and stone, erected in 1879, on the corner of Four- teenth and B Streets, S. W. This is a Bureau of the Treas- ury Department, and for many years was domiciled in that great building, but the growth of both compelled its removal. The visitor, upon entering, will be taken in charge by a watchman, who will conduct him to the Reception room, he will then be required to register his name, residence and occupation, then he will be furnished with a pass, after which he will be placed in charge of an efficient guide who will conduct •him over the building, pointing out and explaining to him the process of engraving and printing U. S. Bonds, Notes, National Bank Notes, and Internal Bevenue Stamps, as well as other objects of interest. It is all very interesting and v/ell worth seeing, and we think the visitor will be well re- paid for any trouble he may be put to. CONSERVATORY, AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. 34 STRANGER S GUIDE THE PROPAGATING GARDEN.— This Government garden is situ- ated on the banks of the Potomac, southwest of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, and comprises^ eight acres. A nursery connected with the garden supplies many of the trees and shrubs planted in the public parks. If the visitor is not inclined for a ramble to tiiis place he can pass directly over to AVASHlNCiTOX MONUMENT. THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT.— The design of the Wash- ington Monument, as prepared by Kobert Mills, contempla,ted a shaft of 600 feet in height. The marble obelisk, resting on a foundation of gneiss 16 feet 8 inches high, is 55 feet square at the base. This foundation is 80 feet square and extended 7 feet 7 inches below the surface. The wall of the obelisk is 15 feet thick at the base, and gradually tapers at the rate of 5 in. to the foot on the outside. The inside of the wall is perpendicular, and the inclosed space is 25 feet square for 150 feet, when the well is enlarged to 31 feet 6 inches square, and this will be its size to the top. The wall of 15 feet wiil ascend until the gentle taper reduces it to 1 foot 6 inches in thick- ness at the top. The interior walls will be orna- mented by the insertion of the numerous specimen })ieces sent from all parts of the world. Among these tributes to the memory of Washington, are some from Mount Vesuvius, China, Bremen, Swiss Rejtublic, the Temple of Carthage, Greece, Japan, Tomb of Napoleon, and Tell Chapel. For many years the Monument had stood in an unfinished condition, not a Monument to the memory of Washington, but one to the indifference of the American people and to them a disgrace; but in the summer of the Centennial Anniversary and Exposition, Congress passed an act, approved August 2d, 1876, creating a commission for the purpose of completing the Monument, and also making an appropriation of $200,000 to continue the work of construction ; under the provisions of the above act, the Society which had so bravely undertaken the erection of the gigantic structure, deeded their rights in the same to the United States, so that now it is the property of the nation. The work of construction has been resumed, the enlargement of the old foundation (which had been pronounced defective by a Board of Engineers) was completed in May, 1880. A mass of concrete, 13 feet 6 inches in thickness, was placed beneath the old foundations — 70 per centum of the earth on which the Monument rested having been removed. The new foundation is 126 feet 6 inches square, or 2| times greater than the old. In the making of this mass of concrete, some 13,000 barrels of Portland Cement were used. In August, 1880, work was begun in building upon the top, and is being rapidly prosecuted. The exterior facing is of white marble, obtained near Baltimore, Md., and the backing of granite from Maine. TO WASHINGTOif CITY. 35 The work is now being prosecuted under the direction of a joint commis- sion consisting of the President of the United States, the Supervising Archi- tect of the Treasury, the Architect of the Capitol, the Chief of Engineers of the Armv, the Vice-President of the Washington National Monument Society ; and Colonel Thomas Lincoln Casey, of the Engineer Corps, is the engineer in charge of the work. In addition to the $200,000 appropriated by the Act of August 20th, 1876, Congress at its last session appropriated the further sum of |l50,000 for the present year. It is expected that four working seasons' time will be re- quired to complete the structure. The original plan is being followed, except that the height has been limited to 550 feet. The machines and appliances in use are of the most extensive and improved character. It has now reached 300 feet in height. A short distance to the northwest, and in full view from the base of the Monument, lie the CARP PONDS. — A walk of a few minutes will bring one to them, and although from the roadway they do not appear at all attractive, yet, upon investigation the visitor will find them to be of decided interest. They were established by, and are under the care of the United States Fish Com- mission, of which Professor Spencer F. Baird, the Secretary of the Smith- sonian Institution, is the head. The Carp is a very valuable food fish, and was imported by the Fish Commission from Southern Europe only a few years ago. The object of the Commission is to distribute them from this point all over the land, and any person owning a pond and making appli- cation can secure the fish for stocking it. It is believed to be especially adapted to the waters of the South and Southwest. The ponds are ten in number, six small and four larger, and cover, together with one now being constructed, an area of about twenty-five acres. About 300,000 fish are raised yearly. The ponds are under the superintendence of Dr. R. Hessle, who, if approached, can give much information in regard to the subject. From here the visitor can pass out to Fourteenth Street, take a car north to Pennsylvania Avenue, then change to the Avenue line, and go west to Fifteenth Street and Xew York Avenue; at that point getting a transfer ticket he can take a Fourteenth Street car, and go north to FRANKLIN SQUARE, which lies between Thirteenth and Fourteenth and I and K Streets, N. W. The Government purchased this square, in 1829, to gain possession of the spring in it, which furnishes by underground pipes the drinking water to the President's House. It is a cool, shady retreat in summer, and is beautifully ornamented with trees and shrubbery. Franklin School House is opposite on Thirteenth Street, and is said to be one of the finest buildings of the sort in the United States. Some fine resi- dences front upon this square. When at Franklin Square, the visitor may, if so inclined, take a car upon Fourteenth Street, on the west side of the square, and ride to within a short walk of Columbian University, beyond the terminus of the Fourteenth Street railway. THE ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM.— The history of this building is more romantic and thrilling than one would imagine from its plain and 36 STRANGER'S GUIDE unpietendiiig appearance. It is located on Tentli Street west, between E and F Streets, north, and is open daily from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. It is three siories high, 109 feet deep, and 71 feet front. It was originally a church and was afterwards converted into a theatre, and used as such until April 14th, 1865, when it was the scene of the tragedy of the assassination of Pres- ident Lincoln. It was then at once closed by order of the Government. In April, 1866, it was purchased by Congress for $100,000, and having been remodelled, and made fireproof, was assigned to its present use. The first floor is used by a division of the Surgeon-General's Office. The surgical records are on the second floor, and in the offices of the Surgeon- tjeneral on this floor, in the south wing, are portraits of some celebrated physicians, among them an original by Peale, of Dr. Physick. The Museum is on the third floor. It contains the finest collection of Surgical and Medical pathological specimens in the world, and is carried on in the interest of medical science, and is resorted to by surgeons and physi- cians from abroad as well as from this country. A portion of the vertebrae of the neck of the assassin Booth is in the Surgical Section. No medical man should neglect to visit this museum. The library of the Medical Mu- seum contains nearly forty thousand volumes. The house opposite, No. 516, is the house in which President Lincoln breathed his last. The Medical Department of Georgetown College adjoins the Museum, and- through its corps of experienced professors and admirable facilities offers rare opportu- nities to the student of medicine. By returning to F Street, and proceeding east one block, the visitor will reach the MASONIC TEMPLE.— It is located on the corner of Ninth and F Streets, N. W. It was erected by the Masonic Hall Association. The cor- ^ ^ ^-^^ ner stone was laid in 1868. It is built of granite and "^ freestone, and cost $200,000. The first floor is occupied ^ by stores, and the second by a public hall 100 ft. long and 48 ft. wide, with retiring rooms. Some of the most brilliant balls and state sociables given in the city have been held in this hall. On the third floor are the Blue Lodges of Masonry, and on the fourth floor are the Poyal Arch Chapters. Directly opposite the Masonic Temple is the PATENT OFFICE.— The Patent Office is situ- ated between Seventh and Ninth, and F and G Streets. The length of the building is 410 feet, and the width 275 feet. The style of architecture is Doric and MASON ic^TEMPLE. althougli the finish is plain and simple, it is greatly admired for its majestic grandeur. The same plain finish and grandeur will be observed in the interior. It is built of sandstone painted white, and the extension is of white marble. It was designed simply for the Patent Office, but the Interior Department occupies a portion of the building. The lower stories are divided into de- partments suitable for the various offices of the Department of the Interior, such as the Indian and Public Land Offices. On the second floor are the Model rooms, which up to September 24th, 1877, contained a model of every CHANGES. The Original Declaration of Independence has been placed in tlie ^^The Wa.^iino^^^^^^ have been placed in the isTational Musenm. PATENT OFFICE. patent issued by the United States since 1836. As each case is provided with a card designating the contents, it is unnecessary to enumerate here. Near the entrance are some historical relics of interest ; such as Franklin's Printing Press, Washington's Tea-set, and other personal property used by Washington. In case 23 is the original of the Declaration of Independence,, also a model patented by Abra- ham Lincoln in 1847, and a pair of gloves which belonged to Pres- ident Lincoln. The east and west halls are each 271 feet long and 64 feet wide. The north and south halls are a little smaller, being about 145 feet in length. In 1836 the building which was used as a Patent Office was destroyed by fire, with all the models it had received for nearly fifty years. The first patent issued was to Samuel Hopkins, in 1790, for making " pot ashes." Again, on September 24th, 1877, a great fire occurred, which, besides doing great damage to the buikiing, almost utterly destroyed the contents of the Model room in the south and west wings. The loss was almost incalculable, as many articles of great value were burned which was impossible to replace. The building is now restored, and is entirely fireproof. The Bureau is self-supporting, the expenditures not equalling the receipts from fees. The cost of the building was about $2,700,000. It contains 191 rooms. It was designed by W. I*; Elliott, and executed by Kobert Mills and Edward Clark. COLUMBIAN UNIVERSITY was opened in 1822 as a college. In 1873 it was created a Universitv- There are Law and Medical Departments INTERIOR OF PATENT OFFICE. 38 STRANGER S GUIDE connected with it. About 40 acres of ground are attached to the property, and the total vahie is $400,000. They have purchased a lot on the southeast corner of Fifteenth and H Streets, N. W., where they have erected a large building, and will remove the College department from its present place on the hill to this new site. WAYLAND SEMINARY.— A short walk to the westward from the University buildings will bring the visitor to the Wayland Seminary ; an Institution established by one of the societies of the Baptist Church, for the education of young men of color to the Christian ministry. Returning by the Fourteenth Street cars, the visitor will alight at the corner of Fourteenth and H Streets, and entering the Metropolitan or F Street cars, ride to Tenth Street, and proceed to the Medical Museum, on Tenth below E and F Streets. THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT.— The first building erected for the accommodation of this department, and in which the business of the Patent Office was then transacted, was burned in 1836. The foundation of POST-OFFICE. the present edifice was laid in 1839. The E Street portion was designed and finished by Robert Mills, and is built of marble from New York. The extension was designed by T. U. Walter, and built of Maryland marble. It was commenced in June, 1855. The style is a modified Corinthian. It covers the entire square bounded by Seventh and Eighth Streets, west, and E and F Streets, north, and is im- mediately opposite the Patent Office. The entire building measures 300 by 204 feet. The interior is divided into apartments suitable for the business of the department. To obtain admission to the Dead Letter Office, it is necessary to procure a permit from the Postmaster-General or the Chief Clerk of the Finance office. Visitors should inquire for the book of post-office accounts kept by Dr. Franklin, the first Postmaster-General of the Colonies. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 39 JUDICIARY SQUARE AND CITY HALL— Leaving tlie Post- Office by the north front on F Street, the visitor can ride or walk down F Street to Judiciary Square. The square comprises about 20 acres, and ex- tends from the intersection of Indiana and Louisiana Avenues, on the south, to G Street, on the north, and from Fourth to Fifth Streets. In the City Hall, which is built upon the south front, the several courts of the District hold their sessions. The present structure is over 200 feet in length, and is but one wing of the building as de- signed by George Had held. It was begun in 1820 and completed in 1849. A statue in marble of Lincoln stands directly in front of the por- tico. It was erected by voluntary contributions of some patriotic citizens, and was executed by Lot Flannery, a self-taught sculptor. The statue is about 9 feet in lieight, and is erected upon a marble column 27 feet high. Returning to Seventh Street, the visitor may enter a Seventh Street car going north, and ride to the terminus of the road : and thence by the Silver Springs horse-cars, to within a mile of the CITY HALL. ROCK CREEK CHURCH AND CEMETERY.— The cemetery lies near the Soldiers' Home on the north ; the church lies on the west, and is St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Eock Creek Parish. It was erected in 1719, with bricks imported from England, and although the church was rebuilt in 1775, and remodelled in 1868, the main walls are those erected in 1719. The Bible used is an Oxford edition of 1727. The oldest graves are east of the church. A fine monument is over the grave of Peter Force. THE NATIONAL MILITARY CEMETERY is east of Rock Creek Cemetery, and north of the Soldiers' Home, which it adjoins. It con- tains 5424 graves. SOLDIERS' HOME.— This attractive place adjoins the Military Ceme- tery, and is open every day except Sunday. It is one of the most attractive drives around the city, and is much resorted to in pleasant weather. The property comprises about 500 acres, and is beautifully laid out in drives, of which there are seven miles, and in lawns, meadows, gardens, and lakes. The buildings consist of the main building, used as a dormitory, the hos- pital, residences of the governor, surgeon, and officers of the Home, a gar- dener's cottage, and a beautiful chapel built of Seneca stone. There is a new hospital some distance off, and near it are the buildings used by the farmer. The home was originally only a Military Asylum, and was founded through the efforts of General Scott, who procured the assignment to this purpose of a 40 STRANGERS GUIDE portion of the money levied by him upon the City of Mexico, when he took possession of it. The fund is increased by the forfeitures and fines NATIONAL CEMETERY AT SOLDIERS' HOME. SOLDIF.RS' HOME. against soldiers, and by a tax of 12 cents per month on each private soldier in the regular army. The Home was the favorite summer residence of President Lincoln. HOWARD UNIVERSITY is open daily to visitors. It is on the left of the Seventh Street road, on the return to the city from the Soldiers^ Home. It is open to all, without regard to sex or color, but is at- tended by colored pupils only. The University building is four stories high, and is quite complete. Miner Hall, on the northeast, is named after Miss Miner, a lady who taught colored children in the days when slavery still ex- isted. The property is valued at about 1600,00^. La Drout Park is just south of this. The visitor can return to the city by the Seventh Street horse-cars, and thus end the second day. HOWARD UNIVERSITY. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 41 THIRD DAY. ALL WEST OF TirTEENTH STREET, INCLUDING aEOE.GE- TOWN AND ARLINGTON. The visitor can most conveniently commence the third day at the Trea- sury Department, on the northwestern corner of Fifteenth Street and Penn- sylvania Avenue, which may be reached by the Pennsylvania Avenue cars. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. — This department may be reached by the street cars, on Pennsylvania Avenue, or by the Fourteenth Street or the Columbia Street cars. It is open to visitors from 9 a. m. to 2 p. m. It is on Fifteenth Street, east of the President's Ifouse. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. The portion fronting on Fifteenth Street is the old building, which was commenced in 1836, upon the site of the old Treasury building, which was burned in 1833. The foundation of the extension was laid in September, 1855, and is a great improvement upon the old structure. It was designed by Walter, begun by Young, and then was continued by Eogers, and finally completed by A. B.^Mullett, Supervising Architect of the Treasury Depart- ment. The east front consists of a colonnade 336 feet long, with thirty Ionic columns. The extension flanks the old building at each end with massive granite masonry, and makes beautiful terminations of the north and south 42 stbanger'h guide fronts, which break the monotony of the long colonnaded portico of the old building. The walls of the extension are composed of pilasters, resting on a base, which rises twelve feet above the ground on the southern side. In the centre of the southern, western, and northern fronts are magnificent por- ticos, and on either side of the platforms and steps of these porticos are courts or parterres, which, in summer, are lovely masses of flowers and shrubs. The whole building is of the" Grecian Ionic order, three stories high, with two basements and an attic, and the building is surmounted by a massive granite balustrade. The granite was all brought from Dix Island, on the coast of Maine. The columns are monolithic, 31 feet high, and 4 feet in diameter. The entire building is 466 feet long — exclusive of the porticos — and 266 feet wide. In the courts are fountains, and directly opposite the western portico, at the entrance to President's Park, is a fountain, the basin of which is built of massive granite. Before the north entrance is a tessella- ted platform, the centre of which is occupied by a fountain, consisting of a boldly designed tazza of granite, from which the water falls into a broad basin, escaping finally through four lions' heads, into as many smaller basins surrounding the larger one. The objects of special interest are the Cash Room and the Vaults. THE CASH ROOM is directly opposite the north entrance, but the best view is to be obtained from the interior balcony, which may be reached by ascending either stairway in the east and west angles of the north side. The walls of this room are of the most beautiful marble. It is two stories high, divided on the level of the second story floor by the balcony upon which the visitor stands. The floor is tessellated in white and red marble. The marbles are as follows: In the lower story, stylobate; base, black marble from Vermont .: mouldings, Bar- diglio from Italy ; stiles, Dove, from Vermont ; panels. Sienna, from Italy ; dies, Tennessee. Above, stylobate, pilasters, white- veined ; stiles. Sienna, from Italy ; panels, Bardiglio ; cornice, white-veined Italian. Upper story, same as lower, except the panels above stylobale, which are Sarrangolum, from the Pyrenees. The vaults in which the gold is kept may be seen upon a written permit from the Treasurer, whose oflSce is in the northeast corner of the first floor. The Secret Service Bureau may be visited by any one who is introduced by a known party. It contains the plates and dies used by counterfeiters, and has also a rogues' gallery. A complete Ku Klux suit is also in this ofiice, which was taken oflf a man who was captured by detectives. In the basement may be seen the money as it is cut in half in the Kedemp- CASII ROOM, TREASURY DEPARTMENT. TO WASHINGTON CITY, 4.3 tion Bui'eau, previous to being InirneH. A messenger will be sent with visi- tors, by the Treasurer, who will conduct them to all places of interest which the public are permitted to visit. Bureau of Engraving and Printing (see Second Day). r THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE is immediately opposite tlte Treasury, on Pennsylvania Avenue, between Fifteenth and Fifteen-and-a- half Streets. The Attorneij- General's Office is near the top of the stairs. There are a number of portraits of different Attorneys-General in this room. THE PRESIDENT'S HOUSE.— The Fxecutive Mansion, or Wliite House, is on Pennsylvania Avenue, west of the Treasury Department, tlie WUITE HOUSE— NORTH FRONT. grounds of the two buildings 1)eing divided by Executive Avenue. The grounds comprise about eighty acres, and are nearly midway between the Capitol and Georgetown, being one mile and a half from the former. Two large gateways constitute the entrances on the north, connected by a drive and a foot- walk, which sweep in a semicircle past the White House. The grounds are laid out in walks, mounds, trees, fountains, and drives. South of the house the grounds are divided by an inclosure of the private grounds. Directly in front of the south portico is a stand, from which the Marine Band discourses music for open air concerts, every Saturday afternoon, which are free to the public. The President's House, just before President Arthur occupied it, was renovated and many modern improvements introduced. The house has a rnstic base, which on the south side is entirely above ground, and gives a facade of three stories. The main building is 170 feet long, by 86 feet deep. It is of sandstone, painted white. On the west are the conservatories. The main door on the north opens into a spacious ves- tibule 40 by 50 feet. A door on the left opens into a passage at the foot of the stairway leading to the anteroom. Across the passage is the East Eoom, which is used for public receptions. It is 80 by 40 feet, and 22 feet high It is richly, though not extravagantly furnished and finished. It is open to 44 STRANGERS GUIDE WHITE HOUSE — EAST ROOM. WHITE HOUSE— SOUTH VIEW, the public from 10 A. M. to 3 p. M. The rest of the rooms are private. On the west is a door opening into the Green Room, which opens on the west into the Bhie Eoom, 40 by 30 feet. It is finished in bJne and gold, and is used as a recep- tion room by the President and his wife. From this room opens the Red Room, which is the fom- ily parlor, and which opens into the State Dining Room, 40 by 30 feet. The executive office is on the second floor, also the library and the seven sleeping apartments. LAFAYETTE SQUARE.— Opposite the north of the President's House is the public square of the above name. It contains about 7 acres, beautifully laid out in gravelled walks, and adorned with trees, shrubbery and flowers. The equestrian statue of General Andrew Jackson is in this square. It is the work of Clark Mills, and is cast from the brass guns and mortars captured by Jackson. The statue is one-third larger than life, weighs 15 tons, and cost about $50,000. The horse is poised upon his hind feet, and is not secured in position by bars or rivets. It is probably the only instance of the kind in the world. The artist has simply copied nature, after finding the position a horse naturally takes in rearing. This monument to the hero of New Orleans was erected on the 8th of January, 1853, the annivei-sary of the battle in which General Jackson routed the British forces. Stephen A. Douglas delivered the oration. 'i||||HiiLiiiii;i llllll 'I'!'!!' Wi'lii'Wl 111, Pill" ii'l! STATUE OF JACKSON. TO WASHINGTO>^ CITY. 45 CORCORAN ART GALLERY. CORCORAN ART GALLERY.— This building is on Pennsylvania Avenue, one square west of Lafayette Square. It is a donation from Mr. W. W. Corcoran, of this city. It is 104 by 124 feet, and is constructed of brick with trim- mings of Belleville freestone. The roof is slated Mansard, and the general style of the entire building is elegant, yet chaste. The cost was |350,000 ior the building alone. The entrance is on Pennsylvania Avenue, and leads to a vestibule, from which ascend the broad stairs of freestone to the floor above. On the first floor are the janitor's rooms ; two rooms which are intended to be used as a school of design ; the trustee's room ; the library ; and the sculpture hall. The picture galleries are on the second floor, and are all lighted by sky- lights, which are so arranged that the light can be regulated as desired. There are three small galleries fronting on Pennsylvania Avenue ; the centre one is an octagon. In the rear of these, along each side of the building, are two galleries, 19 by 44 feet. The grand picture gallery is at the back of the building, and is 45 feet wide by 96 feet long. The galleries are all connected with each other by lofty doors. The ceilings and cornices are richly orna- mented with representations of American foliage. The building was begun in 1859, but from 1861 to 1869 it was occupied by the Quartermaster-Gen- eral of the United States. In 1869 Mr. Corcoran formally conveyed it to a board of trustees. In the octagon room, which was specially fitted up for this work of art, is Powers's Greek Slave ; also, some busts of celebrated men, and the Veiled Nun, which is rather curious as a work of art. A numbered catalogue may be procured of the janitor at the door, which will designate each picture. Mr. Corcoran donated his own private collection, which cost upwards of $100,000. Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, admission 25 cents. Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, admission free. Mr. Corcoran is a wealthy retired banker, Avho was born in Georgetown in 1798. He is still living and in excellent health. Opposite the Art Gallery there is now being erected the magnificent structure known under the name of the NEW STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEPARTMENT BUILD- ING. — The southern and eastern wings are already finished, the former being occupied by the Department of State. The east wing is occupied by the Navy Department, and the north wing by tiie War Department. It was designed by A. B. Mullett, Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, and was commenced in 1871. It measures 253 by 471 feet, and including pavilions and steps, 342 by 576 feet. The greatest height is 128 feet. 46 STRANGERS GUIDE NEW STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS. "WINDER'S BUILDING, corner of F and Seventeenth Streets, opposite the Navy Department ; open from 9 A.M. to 2 p.m. The first floor is occu- pied by the Chief Engineer of the Army. The last room on the corridor leading to the right, is the Battle Record Room. The floor above is occupied by the Judge Advocate General of the Army, and the Ordnance Office. On tlie third floor is the Second Auditor's Office. Passing through the Ordnance Office, the Ordnance Museum may be reached. The objects of interest are captured Confederate Flags ; United States Army uniforms, complete; JefF Davis's rifle; shells picked up on battle-fields ; accoutrements used in the army from the earliest dates, guns of every kind, batteries, projectiles, etc. THE RAWLINS STATUE.— A walk of a square from the State De- partment westward, along New York Avenue, will bring one to the statue of the late Brigadier-General John A. Rawlins, for a time Secretary of War, situated in a beautiful little park bearing the same name. The statue is in bronze, cast from guns captured in battles in which the deceased General took part ; Congress donating the same upon condition that when finished the title should vest in the United States. The principal cost of the work was born by the friends of the General, prominent among whom was Ex-President Grant. It is genei-ally regarded as a correct likeness and fine work of art. Height, 8 feet; pedestal of Richmond granite, in height 12 feet; designed by J. Baily ; cast in Philadelphia by Wood & Co. SIGNAL OFFICE.— Open from 9 a. m. to 3 p. m. This office is under the charge of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army, familiarly known as "Old Probabilities," and occupies two adjoining buildings on G Street, west of the War Department. It is plainly designated by the various anemome- ters, vanes, and wires above the building. The chief interest is in the Instrument Room, on the fourth floor. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 47 NATIONAL OBSERVATORY. THE UNITED STATES NAVAL OBSERVATORY —This is one of the leading observatories in the world, though only founded in 1842. It is at the foot of Twenty-fourth Street, and may be reached by a , . jl.... -: ^ - -, . short walk after leaving tlie Penn- ,- '_-. ^r sylvania Avenue cars at Twenty- ^;^;T^ ^^"- third Street or the Circle. It is open from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., though sometimes night visits are permitted when the work is not pressing. The grounds are about 20 arces in extent, aud are quite beautiful. On the bank of the Potomac is Braddock's Rock, so called from the fact that in 1755 Braddock's troops landed here. The main building is 50 feet square, consisting of a basement, • two stories, crowned by a revolving dome, 7 feet above the roof, and 23 feet in diameter. The two wings are 26 by 21 feet, and 18 feet high. East of this east wing is the residence of the Superintendent. The library, embracing nearly six thousand vol- umes, is situated in the main building. They ai-e mostly works of the highest standard value, astro- nomical and meteorological observations and dis- cussions, some being as old as the year 1442. In the dome of the main building is mounted the equa- torial telescope, purchased in 1845, at a cost of 16000, made in Munich. It has an apperture of 9.62 inches, and a focal length of 14 feet 4.5 inches. In the eastern wing is the chronometer room, where all the chronometers used in the Navy are tested and regulated. It is from this room that the exact time is furnished daily at 12 m. to the departments in the city ; also to the Western Union Telegraph Office for dispatch throughout the country. The new dome, in which is mounted the new great equatorial instrument, is located in the rear of the main building. The dome is 41 feet in diameter; 40 feet in height ; the telescope, of steel, made in three sections, is 32 feet in height, and weighs, with its metallic base, about six tons. The object glass has a cl-ear apperture of 26 inches diameter, only one other making a near approach to it, that of Mr. E. S. Nevvhall, of England, whose telescope has an objective of 25 inches This magnificent instrument was made and successfully mounted in 1873, by Alvin Clark and Sons, of Cambridgeport, Mass., Congress having appro- priated $50,000 for the telescope, and $14,000 for the erection of the tower and dome. Returning to Pennsylvania Avenue at the Washington Circle, the visitor may view Clark Mill's equestrian statue of Washington. In 1853, Con- STATUE OF WASHINGTON. 48 STRANGER S GUIDE ;ress appropriated $50,000 for this statue. It was cast out of guns donated by Congress, and is fifteen feet high. It represents Washington at the crisis of the Battle of Prince- ton, when he rallied his troops in the face of the enemy. The horse is shrinking back from the fire of the enemy, but Washington sits calmly erect and surveys the fear- ful scene. The likeness is consid- ered very faithful, being from a bust by Houdon, taken in Wash- ington's lifetime. GEORGETOWN.— Entering the cars going west at the Wash- ington Circle, it is but a short ride to Georgetown. The visitor may ride to the end of the route, and turning toward the river a short walk will bring him to the Aqueduct Bri(^e, where the Alexandria Canal crosses the Potomac. This bridge is 36 feet above high water mark, and is about 1400 feet long. Crossing this bridge, a walk or a drive of a mile brings the visitor to AQUEDUCT BRIDGE, GEORGETOWN. ARLINGTON HOUSE.— Situated on Arlington Heights. It was the home of George Washington Parke Curtis, General Washington's adopted son, and in later years, it was the residence of General Pobert E. Lee, who married a daughter of Mr. Custis, and who abandoned his home when he joined in the rebellion. The estate was sold under the Confiscation Act in 1863, and was taken possession of in 1864 by the Government, and 200 acres set apart as a National Cemetery. The house consists of a centre building, 60 feet long, and two wings, each 40 feet long. A portico 60 feet long and 25 feet wide extends along the centre building. In the rear of the house are the kitchens, slave quarters, stables, etc. The house is situated upon an eminence about 200 feet above the river, from which a lovely view is to be obtained of the Capitol. Congress has appro- priated |150,600 to purchase this property from the Lee family. THE CEMETERY was formally established in 1867, and now the bodies of about 16,000 soldiers repose in this lovely home for the dead. The white soldiers lie in the west cemetery, and the colored troops in the north grounds. In the eastern portion of the west cemetery are the graves of Mr. and Mrs. Custis. Upon the monument erected to them, are their nnmes and dates of death ; Mr. Custis having died in 1854, and Mi's. Custis in 1853. ARLINGTON HOUSE. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 49 NATIONAL CEMETERY AT ARLINGTON. MONUMENT TO UNKNOWN SOLDIERS. South of the house is a granite sarcophagus, placed over the bones of 2111 unknown soldiers, gathered from the battle-fields of Bull Run, and the route to the Rappahannock, after the war. The monument is surmounted by cannon and balls, and bears the following inscription : BENEATH THIS STONE Repose the bones of two thousand one hundred and eleven Unknown soldiers, gathered after the war From the fields of Bull Run and the route to the Rappahannock. Their remains could not be identified, but their names And deaths are recorded in the archives of the Country, and its grateful citizens Honor them as of their noble army of martyrs. May they Rest in peace. September, A. D. 1866. The vault beneath, in which the remains are placed, is thirty feet deep, and 220 feet in diameter. GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY.— Returning to Georgetown, the visitor can proceed to Georgetown University, west of the city a short distance. It is the oldest Roman Catholic College in the country, having been founded in 1789. It is under the care of the Jesuits. Boys of all ages are received. It has a law and a medical department connected with it, and has an astro- nomical observatory. In the library are many rare and curious books, some dated in the fifteenth century, and some manuscripts even older than the printed books. There are a laboratory, and a museum containing a collec- tion of coins and relics of Commodore Decatur. The College may be visited every day excepting Sunday. In the year 1879 the large and elegant stone building, surmounted by a lofty spire, on the north side of the quadangle, was erected at the cost of 1200,000. It contains the library, hall of instruction, and many other apart- ments. 50 STRA^GER S GUIDE THE CONVENT OF THE VISITATION is on Fayette Stieet, a short distance from the College. It was founded in 1799. It is not open to visitors, but the academy connected with it may be visited on Wednesday or Saturday after 12 M, In a vault at the Convent are the remains of the daughter of General Winfield Scott, and of the daughter of Madame Yturbide. Ascending Market Street a short distance, at the head of the street is tlie GEORGETOW^N HIGH SERVICE RESERVOIR, 120 feet in diameter, and capable of holding 1,000,000 gallons. Continuing east, a short walk along Road Street leads to OAK HILL CEMETERY part of a tract of land called after the fa- mous " Rock of Dumbarten," in Scotland, was incorporated in 1849. It comprises about 25 acres, 12^^ acres of which, together with about the sum of $90,000 (expended for improvements) was the gift of W. W. Corcoran. It is open every day ; is beautifully situated at the head of Thirtieth Street, contains a handsome mortuary chapel over which climbs genuine " Melrose Abbey," ivy. In the northwest section is the Corcoran tomb erected by Mr. Corcoran for family use, while the " Van Ness " mausoleum is in the south- east quarter, (which tomb formerly stood on H between Ninth and Tenth Streets) was erected by John P. Van Ness, the son-in-law of David Burnes, one of the original proprietors of the ground furnishing the site of the City of Washington. Among the distinguished dead buried within the grounds, are Ex- Chief Justice Chase, Ex-Secretary Stanton, Prof. Joseph Henry, Gen. Eaton (of Gen. Jackson's time), Admiral John Rogers, and others. The remains of John Howard Payne, author of "Home, Sweet Home," who died in Tunis, Africa, April 9th, 1852, rest in the mauso- leum near the chapel, having been placed there on the 9th of June, 1883, the occasion of his 91st birth- day, with appropriate ceremonies. The removal from Tunis, and the reinterment here, were made by Mr. Cor- coran . There have been 5300 interments within this cemetery. THE SCOTT STATUE may be seen in the square at the intersection of N and Sixteenth Streets, and Massachusetts and Rhode Island Avenues, two squares distant from the Street cars. This statue was ordered in 1867, by Congress, and was placed in its present situation in the year 1874. The General is represented in full uniform, mounted upon a charger. Holding a pair of field glasses resting against his side, he is calmly sur- veying the field. The pedestal is 14 feet high, and the statue 15 feet. The statue weiglis 12,000 pounds, and cost $20,000. It was designed by H. K. Browne, and cast by Wood & Co., of Philadelphia, out of bronze cannon, captured by the General in Mexico. OAK HILL CEMETERY. TO washinGtTon city. 51 THE LOUISE HOME. It is much admired and considered one of the very finest statues of the kind in the United States. The pedestal is in five blocks of Cape Ann granite, the largest ever quarried in this country, if not in the world ; that of the platform being 26 feet long, 13 feet wide, and 2 feet thick, and weighing over 119 tons. A statue of Farragut, designed by Mrs. Vinnie Eeara Hoxie, has recently been erected on Farragut Square, between I ank K above Seventeenth Street. The statue was cast at the Washington Navy Yard. THE LOUISE HOME is on Massachusetts Avenue, be- tween Fifteenth and Sixteenth Streets, less than a square from the Scott Statue. It is open to visitors every day except Sun- days after 12 noon. It was erected in 1871, by Mr. Corcoran, as a home for educated, refined women, reduced to poverty, and is a monument to the memory of Mr. Corcoran's wife and daugh- ter, both deceased, and bears their name. It can accommodate fifty-five people, who are invited there by the board of directors. It has an endowment of $250,000 and cost in all $200,000. THE THOMAS STATUE.— Upon leaving the Home, a walk of a few minutes eastward along the Avenue, will bring tlie visitor to the Circle at the intersection of Massachusetts and Vermont Avenues and Fourteenth Street, N. W. Here stands the statue of Major-General George H. Thomas, designed by J. Q. A. Ward, and erected in 1879 by the " Society of the Army of tlie Cumberland," to the memory of their illustrious leader; By universal consent this is regarded as the finest equestrian statue in this country. From this point the visitor can return to the heart of the city, or the hotels, by the aid of the street cars, which pass the spot. G-REAT FALLS OF THE POTOMAC— If the visitor has the in- clination to drive to the Great Falls of the Potomac, distance about 15 miles from Georgetown, it will prove a delightful diversion. The water which supplies Washington is carried by an aqueduct from the Great Falls to the Distributing Eeservoir, a distance of twelve miles. The Falls can be reached by a steam-packet up the canal from the foot of Con- gress Street, Georgetown. Leaves daily to 8 a.m. Fare, round trip, 50 cents. The scenery along the road is picturesque, but particularly so when near the Falls. The water makes a descent of 80 feet, in IJ miles, in a series of cascades, the highest being about 40 feet. The visitor has now ended the third day, and has been guided to ail objects of interest in the city and its vicinitv. 52 steanger's guide FOURTH DAY. DOWN THE RIVER TO MOUNT VERNON AND ALEXANDRIA. Edward Everett is quoted as having said : " A visit to the National Cap- ital is bat half made unless it includes the home and tomb of Washington." Inferring that the visitor is desirous of making his visit a complete, rather than a half-made one, we will now conduct him to MOUNT VERNON.— The home and tomb of the immortal Washing- ton —the Mecca of America. To reach Mount Vernon let the visitor take the Seventh Street cars of the Washington and Georgetown E. E., which will convey him to the river front at the foot of Seventh Street. If he will make known to the conductor his wishes and destination he will be put off at the right wharf. Here he will find the beautifnl little steamer W. W. Corcoran, which leaves her landing daily (Sundays excepted), at 10 a.m., for Mount Vernon, returning her passengers to the city about 3.30 p.m. The steamer was built ejcpressly for the " Ladies Mount Vernon Association of the Union," is fast, safe, and comfortable, and also handsomely furnished. The fare for the round trip is $1.00, Avhich includes admission to the Mansion and grounds. It is the only boat allowed to land passengers at the Mount Vernon wharf. Having embarked and placed himself under the watchful care of Capt. L. L. Blake, a gentleman who looks well to the comfort and pleasure of his guests, the visitor is afloat on the noble Potomac. Soon after leaving the dock the shady grounds of the Arsenal (foot of Four- and-a-half Street), with its long rows of black cannon-balls, its frowning guns and sombre-looking building is passed, and then across the Eastern Branch (Anacostia) is to be seen the Government Insane Asylum (St. Elizabeth), its massive towers rising high above the wooded heights. Sailing down the river at old, historic Alexandria a short stop is made, another at Fort Foote (one of the earthworks erected during the Civil War), and still another at Fort Washington. Then crossing the river, and landing at Mount Vernon, the visitor is met by the courteous superintendent, Col. J. McH. Hollingsworth, who wall conduct him up the road to the Mansion, passing on the way the vault con- taining the marble Sarcophagus in which repose the remains of Washington. By it is another containing the ashes of Martha, the consort of Washington. Near are the monuments to others of Washington's family, and on the left of the path to the Mansion is the old vault in which the body of Washington w^as first placed. The house is of wood cut in imitation of stone. The centre was built by a brother of General Washington, and the wings were added afterward by the General. Along the lawn are the kitchen, laundry, smoke-house, butler's cottage, gardener's lodge, servants' hall, and other buildings. The garden is as laid out by Washington, and on the lawn are trees planted bv him. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 53 In the hall is the key of the Bastile, presented to Washington by Lafayette. In the east parlor are relics of Washington. In the dining hall are some portraits of Washington, and the painting by Rembrandt Peale, of Washing- MOUNT VERNON. TOMB OF WASHINGTON. ton before Yorktown. In the west parlor is an old picture of the attack on Garthagena, 1741, Admiral Vernon in command, with whom Lawrence, brother to the General, served. On the second floor, at the south end, is the room in which Washington died, December 14, 1799. It is a small room, and was the one used by the General and his wife. Opening from it are a dressing-room and a store-room. The bed is the one upon which W^ashington died. After his death his widow closed the room and occupied a small room in the attic until her death. On this floor, also, is the room occupied by Lafayette. A fine view may be obtained from the cupola which surmounts the building. The house and grounds are the property of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the L^nion, incorporated in 1856. Returning as far as Alexandria, the visitor may leave the steamer, and after a visit to this ancient city, return by ferry-boat or steam-cars to Wash- ington, distant six miles. The boats and cars run every hour from 6 a.m. to 7 P.M. ALEXANDRIA was founded in 1748, and called Bellhaven. It has a population of over 13,000. At the corner of Washington and Cameron Street is Christ Church (Epis- copal), begun in 1765 and completed in 1773. It is built of bricks imported from England. Washington was one of the vestry of this church, and his pew. No. 59, is still as he occupied it. Pew No. 49 was used by General Robert E. Lee, who came here to worship from Arlington. In the church- yard are some cjuaint old tombstones. A National Cemetery is near the citv, which contains the bodies of nearlv 4000 soldiers. An old building in the court of the Mansion House, on Fairfax Street, is called Washington's Headquarters, as it is said he occupied it when in Alex- andria. CITY POST-OFFICE. — Is situated on Louisiana Avenue between Sixth and Seventh Streets, near the open space at the intersection of Seventh Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. 64 STRANGER S GUIDE CHUECHES OF WASHINGTON. Episcopal.-— Chrii^t Church, Navy Yard, G Street, E, between Sixth and Seventh Streets, S. St. John's, Sixteenth and H Streets, N. W. Ascension, corner Twelfth and Massachusetts Avenue. Epiphany, G Street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth, N. W. Trinity, Third and C Streets, N. W. St. Marks, Third and A Streets, S. E. Incarnation, Twelfth and N Streets, TRINITY CHURCH. METROPOLITAN CHURCH. N. W. St. Paul's (Eitnalistic), Twenty-third Street south of Circle. St. Mary's (colored), Twenty-third Street, between G and H Streets, N. W. Grace Church, corner of Ninth and D Streets, S. W. St. Andrew's, corner of Fourteenth and Corcoran Streets, N. W. St. Luke's (Colored), corner of Fifteenth and Samson Street, N. W. Presbyterian. — First, Foar-and-a-half Street, N. W., near City Hall. Fourth, Ninth, between G and H Streets, N. W. Assembly, Fifth and I Streets, N. W. New York Avenue, New York Avenue, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, N.. W. (Colored), Fifteenth Street, between I and K Streets, N. W. Congregational — First, Tenth and G Streets, N. W. Unitarian. — All Souls, corner of Fourteenth and L Streets, N. W. Roman Catholic. — St. Peter's, Second Street, N. E., near Pennsylvania Avenue. St. Alovsius, I and North Capitol Streets, N. W. St. Dominick's, Sixth and F Streets, S. W. St. Patrick's, Tenth and F Streets, N. W. St. Matthew's, Fifteenth and H Streets, N. W. St. Stephen's, Pennsylvania Avenue and Twenty-fifth Street, N. W. Immaculate Conception, N Street, between Seventh and Eighth Streets, N. W. St. Martin's (colored), Fif- teenth Street, near L Street, N. W. Methodist Episcopal.— Wesley Chapel, Fifth and F Street, N. W. Metro- politan, Four-and-a-half and C Streets, N. W. McKendree, Massachusetts Avenue, near Ninth Street, N. W., Hamline, Ninth and P Streets, N. W. Foundry, Fourteenth and G Streets, N. W. Asbury (colored), K and Eleventh Streets, N. W. Methodist Episcopal, South. — Mount Vernon Place, Ninth and K Streets, N. W. Methodist Protectant— Wmih. Street, between E and F, N. W. Friends.— Ovihodiox, Thirteenth Street, between K and S, N. W. Hicks- ite, I Street between Eighteenth and Nineteenth, N. W. TO WASHINGTON CITY. 55 German Reformed. — First, Sixth and N Streets, N. W. Baptist— Firsi, Thirteenth Street, between G and H, N. W. Shiloh, Lassiehusetts Avenue, between Ninth and Tenth Streets, X. W. Calvary, ST. ALOYSIUS. NEW YOKK AVENUE CHURCH. H and Eighth Streets, N. W. E Street, E Street, between Sixth and Seventh Street, N. W. First (colored j. Nineteenth and I Streets, N. W. Christian. — Vermont Avenue, above N Street, N. W. Hebrew. — Washington Hebrew Congregation, Eighth Street, between H and I Streets. Services, Friday, 7 p. m. ; Saturday, 9 A. m. Lutheran.— Tvmity (Unaltered Augsburg Confession), Fourth and E Streets, N. W. St. Paul's, Eleventh and H Streets, N. W. Memorial, Fourteenth and N. Streets, N. W. Universalist. — Masonic Hall, Thirteenth and L Streets, N. W. PRINCIPAL HOTELS. Arlington. — Vermont Avenue, near H Street, N. W. ^66 17^.— Fourteenth and F Street, N. W. Willard's. — Fourteenth and Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. Imperial. — E Street, beween Thirteenth and Fourteenth, N. W. St. ilfarc— (European), Seventh Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W. Metropolitan. — Pennsylvania Avenue, near Seventh Street. Notional. — Pennsylvania Avenue, near Sixth Street, N. W. St. James. — (European), Pennsylvania Avenue and Sixth Street. Rigqs. — Corner of Fifteenth and G Streets, N. W. Wormle^/s. — Fifteenth and H, N. W. RAILROADS. Baltimore and Potomac. — For north, south, east, and west. Depot, corner Sixth and B Streets, N. W. Baltimore and Ohio. — For north, east, and west. Depot, corner New Jersey Avenue and C Streets, N. W. The Virginia Midland, the Washington and Western, and the Richmond and Fredericksburgh trains leave from the B. and P. Depot. 56 STRANGER S GUIDE TO WASHINGTON CITY. STEEET EAILKOADS. Washington and Georgetown. — Branch from Georgetown to the Navy Yard, connecting with the Fourteenth Street and Columbia lines, at Fifteenth St. and Pennsylvania Avenue. Exchange tickets given here for Fourteenth Street branch ; with the Metropolitan line at Ninth Street ; with Seventh Street branch at Seventh Street — exchange tickets given here. At the west gate of the Capitol, change cars for the Baltimore and Ohio Depot ; the cars turn to the right for the Navy Yard and Capitol Hill. Fourteenth Street Branch. — From New Y'ork.A venue and Fifteenth Street to the boundary. Exchange tickets given for Pennsylvania Avenue line. Seventh Street Branch. — From the boundary to the river. At Massachu- setts Avenue they connect with the Columbia line, and at F Street with the Metropolitan line, and at Pennsylvania Avenue with the Pennsylvania Avenue line, for which they give exchange tickets. Metropolitan Pailway. — From Georgetown to Lincoln Park (one mile east of Capitol), passing the Treasury (within a square), the Patent and Post- Offices, the City Hall, the B. and O. R. E. Depot, and the Capitol. Inter- sects the Fourteenth Street branch and the Columbia lines at Fourteenth Street and New Y'ork Avenue, N. W. ; the Belt line at Eleventh and F Streets, N. W. ; and again at First Street and Indiana Avenue, N. W. ; the Ninth Street branch (for Avhich transfer tickets are given), at Ninth and F Streets, N. W. ; and the Seventh Street branch at Seventh and F Streets, N. W. Ninth Street Branch. — From foot of Four-and-a-half Street (Arsenal Gates), passing B. & P. E. E. Depot, the Centre Market, intersecting the Main line at Ninth andF Streets (for which transfers are given), passing Patent Office and Mt. Vernon place to Boundary Street and above Seventh. Silver Spring Branch. — A continuation of the Ninth Street Branch up the Seventh Street Eoad, to the Eock Creek Church Eoad, passing the Scheut- zen Park and the entrance to the Park of the Soldiers' Home. Columbia Pailway. — From New Yoi'k Avenue and Fifteenth Street to Boundary Street, east. At Ninth Street they intersect the Metropolitan at Seventh Street, the Seventh Street branch of the W. and G. line. The Capitol, North Street and South Washington Pailroad, 'popularly known as the Belt Line, passes the western park of the Capitol, northwardly, to O Street ; to Eleventh Street; to Pennsylvania Avenue, passing National Theatre, down Fourteenth Street, passing Agricultural Department, Wash- ington Monument, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, thence eastwardly to the Capitol again. Anacostia and Potomac Piver. — From the wharves at foot of Seventh Street, N. W., eastward along the river front to the Navy Y'ard, thence across the eastern branch through Union town to the foot of the Insane Asylum Hill. THEATEES. National Theatre. — E Street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, and fronting Pennsylvania Avenue. Ford's Opera House. — Ninth Street, south of Pennsylvania Avenue. Theatre Comique. — (Variety), Eleventh and L Streets, N. W. Lincoln Hall. — Ninth and L Streets, N. W. Abner's Music Garden. — Third, between Seventh and Eighth Streets, N. W. 1 / ] ^ i ^ STRA ^brSrTofTon^ess 014 368 446 5 isittng our city are cordially w Book and Stationery Stork of No. 475 Peuii Avenue (Published ger's Guide), where they will be certain, amongst the following articles always kept in stock, to find u yuitabU' present and memento to take home with them. ** Ste%*m>»copic and Photographic Vieum,** Rungia OoiHlH, iticlutlhig Pocket Booht, Card Canes, DreHnlng Cdses^ Cigar and Cigarette Cases , Cabinet and Card Frames, Work Baskets^ Photograph and A Htograph AlbutnSf *Cc; Glass Inkstands^ Paper Weights and Ornatnents, Travellers^ Inkstands, Gold Pens and Holders, Gold Pencils, Children's Games, Fancy tStationerf/ BoxeJi, Paper and Envelopes and Correspo^idenve Cards; Books of Fiction^ Science, Art, and Law, hanflsomely bound / Small Views of PHblir Buildings^ Decorating Japanese Goods nt large varletg, White W*md Goods nith Views of f*nh1iv tiitihlinffM uf»nn Ihttn. A i)erfect wilimguess to show r»y Ooodd to Strunger.s, and always glad to have them visit my place of h Ht all hours of tho dav. I)U«I!U' WILLIAM H. MORRISON, Law Bookseller and Stationer, 475 Penn Ave., Washington, D. C. ALL ORDKUS BY MAIL WIOMI'TI.Y FILLEU.