For the Sfagtung Permmttrl 
 
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 ST AND A R D OI L COMPANY 
 
 (Incorporated in Nov Jo r soy) 
 
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 Book_ 
 
 
 
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 CXS3RIGHT DEPOSffi 
 

Manager, Marine Department, 
 Standard Oil Co. (N. J.), 
 26 Broadway, 
 New York. 
 
 Dear Sir: — 
 
 This is to acknowledge receipt of copy 
 . M. . . . of the Marine Department 
 Regulations for the Fleet of The Standard 
 Oil Co. (N.J.). 
 
 Signed 
 
 Vessel 
 
 192 
 
 This receipt is to be signed and returned 
 promptly by the recipient of this book. 
 
15 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 The "Marine Department Regulations" are for 
 the information and guidance of Masters and 
 Officers in the service of this Company in routine 
 matters and under usual conditions. 
 
 Masters and officers shall familiarize them- 
 selves with the contents of this book in general 
 and refer to it frequently for guidance in the ordi- 
 nary course of operation. 
 
 Nothing in these regulations relieves the Cap- 
 tain or Officers of their responsibilities as defined 
 by law or from the exercise of proper judgment 
 in an emergency or under unusual or extraordi- 
 nary conditions rendering them inapplicable. 
 
 It is to be understood that the word "Officers," 
 wherever used in these instructions or in the busi- 
 ness correspondence of the Standard Oil Co. 
 (N. J.) Marine Department, is intended to include 
 all men holding licenses. 
 
 Whenever a periodical or routine inspection or 
 drill required by these instructions is carried out, 
 the fact shall be duly noted in the Deck Log. 
 
 Telegrams to the New York office from United 
 States ports shall be addressed to R. L. Hague, 
 26 Broadway, New York. 
 
 Cables to the New York office from foreign 
 ports shall be addressed to "Stanship," New York. 
 
 Wireless messages to the New York office shall 
 be addressed to "Stanship," New York. 
 
 Letters to the New York office shall be ad- 
 dressed to: 
 
 Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), 
 Marine Department, 
 26 Broadway, 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
 1 
 
Inspection Service. The Master is responsible 
 for the application of all rules and regulations of 
 the U. S. Steamboat Inspection Service. Masters 
 must have on board the latest instructions in 
 this regard, and ignorance will not be accepted 
 as an excuse for non-compliance. 
 
 8. Economy and protection of property. The 
 Master shall exercise strict economy in the use of 
 all supplies and assure himself that there is no 
 deterioration of the vessel or equipment due to 
 carelessness or neglect. 
 
 9. Inspections. In order to comply with the 
 provisions of paragraph 8 it is expected that the 
 Master will make inspections of the ship as fre- 
 quently as his other duties permit, in company 
 with his subordinates directly responsible. 
 
 10. Welfare of personnel and sanitation. The 
 Master shall be responsible for the welfare of the 
 personnel on his vessel and shall inspect daily 
 the living quarters of the crew and the galley, 
 and insist upon cleanliness and observance of the 
 necessary sanitary precautions, to guard against 
 disease or its spread, vermin, or other nuisances 
 due to filth. 
 
 11. Grievances of personnel. The Master shall 
 afford an opportunity to ship's personnel to lay 
 before him any grievances, and shall investigate 
 each case and take prompt steps to equitably 
 adjust same. 
 
 12. Cases of misconduct. The Master shall 
 require his officers or other subordinates in au- 
 thority to report all cases of neglect, carelessness 
 in performance of duty or misconduct observed, 
 and shall impartially investigate both sides of any 
 controversy as soon as practicable after occur- 
 rence, rendering a just decision according to the 
 merits of the case. 
 
 13. Punishment. No punishment shall be 
 meted out to any of ship's personnel except by 
 
the Master, and then only after personal investi- 
 gation as set forth in paragraph twelve. 
 
 14. Punishment entered in log. Details of 
 misconduct and penalties incurred shall be fully 
 and clearly entered in the ship's official log. 
 
 15. Responsibility for records. The Master is 
 responsible for the proper keeping of all records, 
 and shall require his subordinates from time to 
 time to produce ship's records kept by them for 
 his inspection. 
 
 16. Investigation of accidents. In case of ac- 
 cident involving injury to vessel, personnel, cargo 
 or equipment, or injury to other vessel, its per- 
 sonnel, cargo or equipment, or to property ashore, 
 the Master shall, in addition to entering protest, 
 etc., make a personal investigation and enter a 
 brief summary of the facts in the ship's log, in- 
 cluding the names and addresses of all witnesses, 
 and a brief description of the damage sustained 
 by all concerned. The items in the log book to 
 be confined to known facts' and shall not deal 
 with opinions or presumption of facts. He shall 
 also report the result of his investigation by wire 
 to R. L. Hague, 26 Broadway, New York, N. Y., 
 followed by a letter giving all details, and make 
 necessary report to the U. S. Steamboat Inspec- 
 tion Service. 
 
 17. Medicine chest. The Master shall be the 
 custodian of the medicine chest, and all its con- 
 tents shall be dispensed under his personal super- 
 vision. An entry shall be made in the Medical 
 Log Abstract in every case where a member of 
 the crew applies for treatment. If case is serious 
 a report of illness and/or personal injury shall be 
 filled out in addition and mailed to the Marine 
 Department. 
 
 18. Medical assistance. The Master is author- 
 ized to obtain the services of a doctor whenever 
 
he deems it necessary, thru the Company's agent 
 when possible. 
 
 19. Marine hospitals. If the condition of a 
 member of the crew, due to illness or accident, 
 is too serious to permit of caring for him on the 
 vessel, he shall be transferred to a marine hos- 
 pital, or other suitable hospital, for treatment, 
 and the Master shall make necessary arrange- 
 ments with the proper Government officials when 
 
 | in a United States port, and the American Con- 
 ! sul in a foreign port, for the subsistence and pay 
 of the invalid. This should always be done in 
 consultation with the Company's agent and a 
 full and complete report made to the Standard 
 Oil Co. (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 Broad- 
 way, New York, N: Y., immediately. A patient 
 sent to a marine hospital shall be given a certifi- 
 cate on form provided for this purpose. 
 
 NAVIGATION DUTIES 
 
 20. Paramount duty. The safe navigation of 
 the vessel is at all times the paramount duty of 
 the Master. 
 
 21. Rules of the road. The Master shall re- 
 quire all deck officers to familiarize themselves 
 thoroughly with the "Rules of the Road" and 
 shall insist upon a strict compliance with them 
 at all times, especially regarding whistles and 
 other sound signals and the display of required 
 lights at night. In familiarizing themselves with 
 the "Rules of the Road" it will be necessary for 
 the officers to study and understand the applica- 
 tion of the rules in the way that courts have in- 
 terpreted them. A careful study of the "Rules 
 of the Road at Sea" by W. H. LaBoyteaux, a copy 
 of which is on board, or other standard books on 
 the subject, is suggested to all deck officers. 
 
 22. Presence on bridge. The Master shall be 
 on the bridge in person when entering and leaving 
 
 9 
 
port, when in restricted waters, when in thick 
 weather, when other vessels are in the vicinity, 
 and at any time when the vessel is especially liable 
 to danger. 
 
 23. Weather conditions. The Master shall re- 
 quire the Watch Officer to report to him any 
 marked change in the weather, or sudden varia- 
 tion of the barometric pressure or temperature. 
 
 24. Course and speed. The Master shall set a 
 course clear of all dangers, having regard for the 
 type of vessel and the season of the year, and 
 proceed at the maximum speed practicable, 
 having due regard for the weather and other con- 
 ditions. In this connection it is desired to em- 
 phasize that safety must be the first considera- 
 tion, and speed, while very desirable and impor- 
 tant, shall always be considered as secondary to 
 safety. 
 
 25. Change of course and speed. No one ex- 
 cept the Master shall be permitted to change the 
 course or speed, except in an emergency, in which 
 case the Master shall immediately be informed 
 of the change and the reason therefor. 
 
 26. Speed in thick weather. The Master shall 
 slow to a moderate speed in thick weather in 
 strict observance of Article XVI of the "Rules 
 of the Road." 
 
 27. Thick weather in restricted waters. When 
 in restricted waters in thick weather the Master 
 shall navigate his vessel with utmost caution, and 
 if in doubt of his position shall stop, and, if nec- 
 essary, anchor until his position can be accurately 
 verified. 
 
 28. Use of lead. The Master shall cause sound- 
 ings to be taken with the hand lead when enter- 
 ing or leaving port and when in restricted water. 
 
 29. Deep-sea lead and sounding machine. 
 When approaching land in thick weather night or 
 day or at any time when the ship's position is not 
 
 11 
 
definitely known the Master shall cause sound- 
 ings to be taken with deep-sea lead or sounding 
 machine and verify his position on chart. All 
 
 soundings and characteristics of the bottom shall 
 be recorded in the Bridge Log. In case of 
 marked discrepancies he shall slow down, and if 
 in shoal water turn around or anchor until his 
 position can be verified by landmarks or obser- 
 vations of heavenly bodies. 
 
 30. Night order book. The Master shall keep 
 a night order book in which, before retiring, he 
 shall write the course, speed, the time of change 
 of course and new course, in case there be any, 
 the name, characteristics and probable time of 
 sighting and bearing of any navigational lights 
 expected to be sighted during the night, and any 
 other information or precaution that he deems 
 pertinent or necessary for his watch officers. He 
 shall require each watch officer to read and initial 
 the night order book, and shall keep it as a per- 
 manent record on the ship. Verbal orders may 
 be forgotten or misunderstood, and for this rea- 
 son shall not be used in matters involving the 
 safety of the ship. 
 
 31. Setting of clocks. The Master shall cause 
 all ship's clocks to be set in accordance with his 
 judgment for computed change of longitude. It is 
 very important that all clocks on board are in ac- 
 cord. 
 
 32. Record of sights. The Master shall cause 
 a navigational work-book to be kept, which shall 
 be a record of all sights and computations used 
 in fixing the ship's position, and this book shall 
 be available for inspection when required, and be 
 retained as part of the ship's permanent records. 
 
 33. Ship's position under way. When under 
 way the Master shall fix the position of the ship at 
 8 A. M., noon, and 8 P. M. and at such other times 
 as he deems it necessary for the safety of the ship. 
 
 13 
 
34. Chart in custody of watch officer. The 
 
 Master shall require the officer of the watch to 
 have a chart corrected up to date in his custody, 
 on which shall be marked the ship's course and 
 the ship's position according to the latest data 
 available. 
 
 35. Pilot does not relieve Master of responsi- 
 bility. The Master may take a pilot whenever 
 required or desirable, but this in no way relieves 
 the Master of his responsibility for the safety of 
 the ship, and he shall continue to navigate by 
 bearings or other means available and take all 
 proper steps to safeguard the vessel under his 
 command. 
 
 36. Chronometer corrections. The Master 
 shall cause the chronometers to be compared with 
 routine time signals frequently. In this connec- 
 tion the radio time signals will be of invaluable 
 assistance, and are to be used whenever vessel is 
 in receiving distance of a shore station sending 
 out the time signal. 
 
 37. Chronometer record book. A chronometer 
 record book shall be kept in which shall be re- 
 corded daily the maximum and minimum tempera- 
 ture, the comparisons when taken, the error on 
 G. M. T., and the rates of each chronometer. 
 This book to be retained as part of the ship's 
 permanent records. 
 
 38. Winding of chronometer. The Master 
 shall cause the chronometers to be wound daily 
 at 8 A. M., and require the fact to be reported 
 to him. 
 
 39. Navigational equipment. The Master shall 
 require all deck officers to have an efficient sex- 
 tant and shall assure himself that the following 
 equipment is on board in perfect condition and 
 up to date at all times: 
 
 Two or more reliable chronometers. 
 
 Two or more reliable compasses in compen- 
 
 15 
 
sating binnacles, for which there are ac- 
 curate deviation tables. 
 One or more azimuth circles, to be fitted to 
 
 compass. 
 Two or more useful tables, azimuth tables, 
 nautical almanacs and practical books on 
 navigation. 
 Two or more parallel rulers, dividers, com- 
 passes. 
 A complete portfolio of charts covering the 
 trade in which the vessel is engaged (cor- 
 rected up to date). 
 Coast pilots, light list and tide tables (cor- 
 rected up to date). 
 One international signal code book. 
 A complete up-to-date file of "Notices to 
 
 Mariners." 
 A complete allowance of hand lead and lines 
 
 accurately marked. 
 Two or more deep-sea leads and lines accu- 
 rately marked. 
 One deep-sea sounding machine and sufficient 
 
 number of glasses in good condition. 
 Two or more patent logs, accurately cali- 
 brated. 
 Submarine signalling device, signal flags, 
 radio and other signalling apparatus in 
 good condition. 
 Allowance of binoculars and telescopes in 
 good condition. 
 40. Wireless direction finders. The use of the 
 wireless direction finders and submarine signal- 
 ling apparatus is commended to Masters as a 
 supplementary means of navigation, but it should 
 in no case be considered as a substitute for the 
 use of lead and sounding machine, or other cus- 
 tomary methods of navigation. The use of this 
 apparatus does not effect the requirements of 
 the "Rules of the Road" regarding speed in fog 
 or thick weather. 
 
 17 
 
DUTIES ON LEAVING PORT 
 
 41. Seaworthiness. The Master shall assure 
 himself that his vessel is in all respects sea- 
 worthy before sailing. 
 
 42. Ample supplies. The Master shall require 
 that sufficient supplies of all kinds are on board 
 before sailing. 
 
 43. Notify Chief Officer and Chief Engineer. 
 The Master shall, when possible, notify the Chief 
 Officer and Chief Engineer at least 24 hours in 
 advance of sailing, that they may be prepared 
 for scheduled departure, and in no case, except 
 in emergency, should the Chief Engineer be re- 
 quired to raise steam in cold boilers in less than 
 12 hours. 
 
 44. Secured for sea. The Master shall assure 
 himself that all parts of the ship are properly 
 secured for sea, including anchors and cargo, and 
 protected from damage by the elements. 
 
 45. Clearance papers, tugs and pilot. The 
 Master shall take steps in ample time to obtain 
 all necessary clearance papers, tugs and pilot, if 
 required, so that the ship will not be unneces- 
 sarily delayed. 
 
 46. Test of equipment. The Master shall re- 
 quire the main engines, steering engine, tele- 
 graph, whistle and siren to be tested a half hour 
 before getting under way; a report made to him 
 (the Master) that they are 0. K., and an appro- 
 priate entry made in the log; and assure himself 
 that the sounding machine, leads, lead lines and 
 other essential equipment are in good condition. 
 
 47. Weather forecasts. The Master shall ac- 
 quaint himself with the latest weather forecasts, 
 either from the Hydrographic Office, the daily 
 papers or otherwise, in order that he may antici- 
 pate weather conditions and latest reports on 
 obstructions to navigation. 
 
 19 
 
48. Hydrographic Office reports. The Master 
 shall obtain the latest hydrographic charts and 
 meteorological reports from the Hydrographic 
 Office before sailing, as well as a supply of their 
 forms, which shall be carefully filled out and re- 
 turned promptly to the Hydrographic Office. 
 
 ARRIVING IN PORT 
 
 49. Notify agent. At least 24 hours before 
 arrival, the Master shall radio the Marine De- 
 partment at New York, or the agent at out-ports, 
 stating date and expected time of arrival, nature 
 and disposition of cargo, draft forward and aft, 
 brief summary of repairs required, other require- 
 ments not readily obtained, tugs desired, if any, 
 amount and denomination of cash required to 
 pay off crew, in order that there will be no un- 
 necessary delay in port. 
 
 50. Preparations for port. The Master shall 
 cause necessary preparations for port to be made 
 in advance, in order that ship will not delay dock- 
 ing, connecting hose, etc. 
 
 51. Stage of tide. The Master shall determine 
 what the tide will be upon arrival, and in case 
 it is unfavorable for probable time of arrival, 
 shall make every proper effort to increase speed 
 so as to reach port at the proper stage of the 
 tide. 
 
 52. Secure main engines and helm. The Mas- 
 ter shall not permit the main engines, helm or 
 main boilers to be secured until he is satisfied 
 that the vessel is safely anchored or made fast to 
 dock, having due regard for the weather and the 
 amount of shelter afforded by the harbor. 
 
 53. Expedite disposition of cargo. The Master 
 shall require all persons to expedite the loading 
 or discharging of cargo and other business in 
 port, to avoid delay of vessel. 
 
 54. Set time of sailing. The Master shall, 
 
 21 
 
upon arrival, or as soon thereafter as practicable, 
 set the time of sailing, and notify all concerned, 
 in order that necessary preparations may be 
 made in time so that work in port may be intelli- 
 gently laid out by his subordinates. 
 
 55. Overhaul of machinery and boilers. The 
 Master shall especially notify the Chief Engineer 
 of the duration of stay in port, in order that nec- 
 essary overhaul may be performed within that 
 time. 
 
 56. Leave. Before granting shore leave to 
 officers and men the Master shall cause them to 
 be notified of the sailing hour of the vessel. 
 
 SHIPS BUSINESS 
 
 57. Ship's papers. The Master is responsible 
 for all ship's papers and shall exercise great care 
 in keeping all correspondence up to date. It is 
 his duty to see that all logs, reports, etc., what- 
 ever their nature may be, are made out promptly 
 and correctly, and that they are forwarded to 
 the office at the proper time. Particular atten- 
 tion shall be given to reports covering casualties 
 and accidents and to the recording of all inci- 
 dents relative thereto. All new officers shall im- 
 mediately familiarize themselves with all com- 
 pany orders and instructions. 
 
 58. Marine Department. The cable address of 
 our Marine Department is "Stanship," and this 
 should be used in addressing business cables. 
 
 59. Confirmation of dispatches. All dis- 
 patches sent shall be confirmed by letter 
 promptly. 
 
 60. Wireless operator as ship's clerk. Ar- 
 rangement has been made to pay wireless oper- 
 ators an extra allowance for performing the 
 duties of ship's clerk, but this in no way relieves 
 the Master of his responsibilities in the premises. 
 
 61. Keeping ship's files. A complete file of 
 
 23 
 
business letters or other communications re- 
 ceived and copies of those sent by the ship shall 
 be carefully kept in files provided for the purpose. 
 
 62. Records of paramount importance. The 
 following records are of paramount importance 
 and shall be kept in the Master's custody: 
 
 Certificate of Registry or Tonnage Certificates for 
 
 Enrollment Panama Canal and Suez 
 
 Ship's Articles Canal 
 
 Bills of Lading Official Log . 
 
 CrewS PerS L° cal Bil1 of H * alth 
 
 Charter Party (if any) ?? a ^* #w 1+ll 
 
 Classification Society's Cer- U. S. Bill of Health 
 
 tificates for Hull, Engines Store List 
 
 and Boilers, Anchors and U, S. Unexpired Inspection 
 
 Chains Certificate 
 
 63. Bill of Health. The Master is required to 
 obtain a Bill of Health before leaving port. If 
 proceeding from the United States to a foreign 
 port, a Consular Bill of Health is sometimes re- 
 quired. When proceeding from a foreign port 
 to a United States port, a Bill of Health in dupli- 
 cate must be obtained from the American Consul, 
 and a supplementary Bill of Health in duplicate 
 obtained from the American Consul at each sub- 
 sequent port of call. 
 
 64. Bills of Lading. The Master shall under 
 no circumstances sign bills of lading before the 
 cargo is actually on board his vessel or if dated 
 previous to the cargo's being laden aboard. 
 
 In Mexican ports it is customary to make out 
 bills of lading for estimated quantities in order 
 to avoid delay of the vessel, and it is in order 
 for Masters to sign such bills of lading. 
 
 Our interests are fully safeguarded in respect 
 to cargoes loaded in Mexico, as all these cargoes 
 are paid for in accordance with the certificates 
 issued by the Oil Inspectors and not on the bill of 
 lading quantity. 
 
 25 
 
65. Harter Act. Negligence clause in bill of 
 lading. Whenever a vessel is operating under a 
 Charter Party, a clause shall be inserted in Bill 
 of Lading as follows: 
 
 "This Bill of Lading is issued under a Charter 
 Party, all of the provisions of which, including 
 exceptions and exemptions from liability are in- 
 corporated herein, and shall prevail even if in 
 conflict with the express terms hereof. Freight, 
 dead freight and demurrage payable as per Char- 
 ter Party." 
 
 Most bills of lading contain a negligence clause, 
 similar to the following: 
 
 "The vessel to be in no way liable for any con- 
 sequence of the Act of God, Perils of the Sea, 
 Fire, Barratry of the Master and Crew, Enemies, 
 Pirates and Thieves, Arrests and Restraints of 
 Princes, Rulers and People, or Quarantine Re- 
 strictions of whatsoever nature or kind, Collision, 
 Stranding and/or other Accidents or Errors of 
 Navigation, even when occasioned by the Negli- 
 gence, Default, Error in Judgment of the Pilot, 
 Master, Mariners or other Servants of the Ship- 
 owner. The ship to have liberty to call at any 
 port or ports in any order and to take bunker 
 fuel or other supplies, and to sail without pilots, 
 and to tow and be towed, and assist vessels in 
 all situations and to deviate for the purpose of 
 saving life and/or property. Ship not answer- 
 able for losses thru explosions, bursting of 
 boilers, breakage of shafts, or any latent defect 
 in machinery or hull not resulting from want of 
 due diligence by the Owners of the ship or any of 
 them, or by the Ship's husband or manager or 
 Agent." 
 
 All Masters must be careful to see that such 
 a clause is incorporated in all bills of lading for 
 shipments carried between other than United 
 States ports. 
 
 27 
 
The courts of the United States do not recog- 
 nize a negligence clause, but practically the same 
 protection is obtained under the provisions of the 
 Harter Act; the Master must therefore be very- 
 careful to see that all bills of lading covering ship- 
 ments to or from the United States contain the 
 following clause : "It is mutually agreed that the 
 shipment is subject to all the terms and provi- 
 sions of, and all the exemptions from liability 
 contained in the Act of Congress of the United 
 States of America, approved on the 13th day of 
 February, 1893, and entitled, 'An Act relating to 
 Navigation of Vessels, etc.' " 
 
 66. Manifest. The Master shall assure him- 
 self that all articles liable to duty, including 
 those in the possession of any of his crew, are 
 duly manifested. The Master is liable to a pen- 
 alty equal to the value of merchandise not mani- 
 fested. 
 
 67. Clearing vessels coastwise. Vessels in the 
 coastwise service shall enter and clear to all 
 United States ports. 
 
 68. Crew lists. Form No. 1. When entering 
 port the Master shall have at least two copies of 
 crew list prepared, in accordance with instruc- 
 tions printed thereon. 
 
 69. Signing on new crew. When a new crew 
 is signed on at any port, one copy of the crew 
 list with addresses on form supplied by Company 
 shall be forwarded to New York. 
 
 70. Alien crew list. When entering a United 
 States port, the Master shall have a copy of the 
 alien crew list filled out on proper forms in ac- 
 cordance with instructions thereon, and hand it 
 to the immigration officials. A fine is imposed 
 by the Secretary of Labor for every alien mem- 
 ber of the crew whose name fails to appear in 
 the alien crew list. 
 
 The Master must see that he has on board be- 
 
 29 
 
fore sailing from the United States a supply of 
 the official alien crew list forms, as the immigra- 
 tion authorities will not accept alien crew lists 
 made up on any but the official forms. 
 
 71. Supplementary crew list. Before sailing 
 from a United States port, after signing on a 
 crew, the Master shall see that the supplemen- 
 tary crew list is duly filled out and all changes 
 in personnel entered thereon. This crew list is 
 to be sent by the pilot or other convenient means. 
 
 72. Store lists. The Master shall prepare 
 copies of store lists, as required by various port 
 authorities when entering port. United States 
 ports require two copies, Mexican ports three 
 copies. It is suggested that several extra copies 
 be prepared, so that they will be available if re- 
 quired. 
 
 73. Payroll. Form No. 2. The payroll shall 
 contain the names of each member of the crew 
 from the time a voyage starts until it is termi- 
 nated, and should be a complete record of all 
 financial transactions of the Master. If any 
 member of the crew is paid off, or deserts, the 
 payroll shall show the date, name of port and 
 amount paid, if any. 
 
 The back of the payroll form is prepared for 
 the Master's accounts, and it is important that 
 when cash is received in a foreign port, the rate 
 of exchange be noted in the Official Log and also 
 on the back of the payroll. In all cases the Master 
 shall fill out the special receipt for cash advances 
 to Master in accordance with instructions there- 
 on. Whenever possible, the Master is to get re- 
 ceipts for all money expended. 
 
 74. Paying off in foreign port. When a mem- 
 ber of the crew is paid off in a foreign port it 
 shall be done before the American Consul; the 
 Consular Receipt attached to the shipping ar- 
 ticles, and report in detail made to the Standard 
 
 31 
 
Oil Co. (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 Broad- 
 way, New York, N. Y. 
 
 75. Alien's income tax. The Master shall thru 
 the Revenue Department, Custom House, ac- 
 quaint himself with the latest rule in regard to 
 the income tax on alien seamen's wages, and 
 deduct what is necessary from their wages, re- 
 mitting amounts deducted to the Company. 
 
 76. Allotments. Allotments must be signed 
 by the Master and Shipping Commissioner, and 
 it is the Master's duty to see that all stipulations 
 for the allotment of any part of the wages of a 
 seaman during his absence shall specify the 
 amounts, date of payment and to whom pay- 
 ments are to be made. If an allotment is stopped 
 for any reason, the Master shall telegraph R. L. 
 Hague, 26 Broadway, New York, immediately. 
 The Master will notify the Company previous 
 to sailing, of all allotment notes issued, giv- 
 ing full particulars. He will also notify the Com- 
 pany by telegraph or cable when a member ' of 
 the crew having an allotment leaves the ship, so 
 that the allotment may be stopped. 
 
 77. Application for appointment. All officers 
 are required to fill out application for appoint- 
 ment, Form No. 14, when engaged. In case the 
 Master engages officers at out-ports, Form No. 
 14 shall be filled out and promptly forwarded to 
 Standard Oil Co. (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 
 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 
 
 78. Photographs of officers. In order to com- 
 plete the office records, a photograph of all Cap- 
 tains and officers is required. The photograph 
 should be similar to those on seamen's identifica- 
 tion certificates, and shall have name and date 
 plainly marked on the back. The Company will 
 pay the expense of having the photograph taken. 
 
 79. Sickness and injury. In case of illness 
 and/or personal injury, Form No. 117-J3 shall be 
 
 33 
 
forwarded to Standard Oil Co. (N. J.), Marine 
 Department, 26 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 
 This form shall be filled out and forwarded 
 promptly in case of sickness or injury, however 
 slight, as considerable trouble has been occa- 
 sioned in the past due to lack of information at 
 the New York office. Also, it is most important 
 that in case of discharge, or desertion, of mem- 
 bers of the crew in a foreign port, a report be 
 made to this office covering the date, reason, 
 amount of wages paid, if any, and thru whom. 
 In addition an entry shall be made in the Medi- 
 cal Log Abstract in every case that a member of 
 the crew applies for treatment on account of sick- 
 ness or injury. 
 
 80. List of reports. The following is a sum- 
 mary of the principal reports required by the 
 Company : 
 Essential : 
 
 Port Log. 
 
 Notice of Readiness. 
 
 Abstract of Log (Captain's and Engineer's). 
 
 Commander's Report on Conduct of Officers 
 and Engineers. 
 
 Ullage Report — Official. 
 
 Daily Ullage Report. 
 
 Indicator Cards. 
 
 Pressure Cards (Cargo Pumps). 
 
 Contraband Declaration. 
 Monthly: 
 
 Report of Physical Condition of Ship. 
 
 Report of Spare Parts on Board. 
 When Necessary: 
 
 Crew List. 
 
 Payroll. 
 
 Notice of Demurrage. 
 
 Requisition and Inventory of Deck Stores. 
 
 Requisition and Inventory of Provisions, 
 Cabin and Crew Stores. 
 
 35 
 
Requisition and Inventory — Engine Room. 
 
 Requirements for Maintenance of Vessel. 
 
 Medical Log Abstract. 
 
 Report of Any Undue Detention at Loading 
 or Discharging Ports. 
 
 Drydocking and Painting Report. 
 
 Report of Personal Injury and/or Illness or 
 Death. 
 
 Report of Damage Sustained Through Col- 
 lision, Grounding, Etc. 
 
 Shipping Articles. 
 
 Protests Noted. 
 
 Certificate of Seaworthiness. 
 
 Port Information Report. 
 
 81. Signing receipts by Master. Receipts for 
 any material or services furnished at ports outside 
 of New York will be signed by the ship's Officer 
 who has actual knowledge of the delivery of such 
 goods or service. For example, the Master, Chief 
 Engineer, Officer of the Watch (Deck or Engineer) 
 or Steward. Masters are not to sign any con- 
 tracts for work to be performed or any bills show- 
 ing amounts charged if this can be avoided. If 
 bills showing rates and prices are handed to the 
 Master for his signature, he shall qualify signa- 
 ture of same by writing on the face of the bill 
 above his signature : 
 
 "Correct as to material and/or services fur- 
 nished. Prices and rates subject to approval of 
 owner or owner's agent. 
 
 Signature. 
 Master S. S." 
 
 To facilitate this matter a rubber stamp reading 
 as above is being supplied to each vessel. 
 
 82. Receiving stores on board. When stores 
 are received on board, an officer shall check them 
 with bill and note any discrepancies or damaged 
 stores, which need not be accepted if vessel can 
 
 37 
 

proceed without them. Stores found to be of 
 poor quality shall be examined by Head of De- 
 partment and made the subject of a written re- 
 port by the Master to the New York office. Care 
 shall be taken to prevent damage to stores by 
 weather or other conditions, and a record of the 
 disposition of stores shall be kept. 
 
 83. Fresh water. The Master shall endeavor 
 to obtain fresh water at the most economical 
 rates possible, and avoid using water barges when 
 water can be obtained at dock. 
 
 84. Master's custody. The following books 
 and documents are to be in the custody of the 
 Master, and when relieved the Master shall send 
 a receipt for same, signed by his relief, to the 
 Standard Oil Co. (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 
 Broadway, New York, N. Y.: 
 
 1. Official Log. 
 
 2. Ship's Articles. 
 
 3. Certificate of Registry or Enrollment. 
 
 4. Classification Certificates including Anchor 
 
 and Chain Certificates. 
 
 5. International Code of Signals. 
 
 6. Marine Department Regulations. 
 
 7. Catalog of Charts, Complete Folio of 
 
 Charts, Notices to Mariners and Other 
 Navigational Aids and Publications. 
 
 8. Panama and Suez Canal Certificates. 
 
 9. United States Navigation Law. 
 
 10. U. S. Steamboat Inspection Service Rules. 
 
 11. Night Order Book. 
 
 12. Navigational Work Book. 
 
 13. Compass Observation Book. 
 
 14. Chronometer Record Book. 
 
 15. Complete File of All Operations Instruc- 
 
 tions. 
 
 85. Chief Officer's custody. The Chief Officer 
 shall have the following records in his custody 
 and, when relieved, shall send a receipt for same, 
 
 39 
 

signed by his relief, to the Standard Oil Co. 
 (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 Broadway, New 
 York, N. Y.: 
 
 1. Bridge Log. 
 
 2. Record of Stowage of Spare Parts for Deck. 
 
 3. Marine Department Regulations. 
 
 4. Complete File of All Operations Instruc- 
 
 tions. 
 
 5. Deck Work Book. 
 
 86. Chief Engineer's custody. The Chief En- 
 gineer shall have the following records in his cus- 
 tody and, when relieved, shall send a receipt for 
 same, signed by his relief, to the Standard Oil 
 Co. (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 Broadway, 
 New York, N. Y.: 
 
 1. Engineer's Log. 
 
 2. Record Showing Stowage of Spare Parts for 
 
 Engineers. 
 
 3. Journal Showing Defects and General His- 
 
 tory of Machinery. 
 
 4. Marine Department Regulations. 
 
 5. Complete File of All Operation Instructions. 
 
 ACCIDENTS 
 
 87. Investigation. In case of accident on board 
 ship, causing injury to personnel or damage to 
 property, either ashore, on your own vessel or an- 
 other vessel (including collisions, groundings, 
 strandings, heavy weather damage, damage to 
 docks, wharves, buoys, etc.), the Master shall im- 
 mediately investigate the damage and causes con- 
 tributing to it. The Master shall always survey 
 property damage, except when doing so will delay 
 vessel, in which case he shall arrange with the 
 Company's agent to have inspection made. In all 
 cases where any other vessel or property is in- 
 volved, a report must be made as above, even 
 though no damage has been incurred. 
 
 88. Result of investigation. A brief summary 
 
 41 
 
of the actual known facts established by the in- 
 vestigation shall be entered in the log together 
 with names and addresses of witnesses, and re- 
 port made of the essential details and facts to 
 R. L. Hague, 26 Broadway, New York, N. Y., by 
 telegraph, followed by a letter giving full and com- 
 plete details, together with written statements 
 signed by the witnesses. 
 
 89. Delay or change in voyage. In case the 
 vessel's voyage is to be delayed or changed by rea- 
 son of accident, the Standard Oil Co. (N.* J.) Ma- 
 rine Department, New York, shall be informed by 
 wire and their instructions in the premises ob- 
 tained. 
 
 90. Note of Protest. A note of protest shall 
 invariably be made whenever, during the course 
 of a voyage, bad weather or accident of any na- 
 ture has been experienced, which it is believed 
 may have occasioned, or may later occasion, dam- 
 age to either vessel or cargo. The note of protest 
 shall be made 24 hours after arrival in port, and 
 if port is other than New York a copy shall be 
 forwarded by registered mail to the Standard Oil 
 Co. (N. J.) Marine Department, 26 Broadway, 
 New York. 
 
 The signature of the Master or other officer in 
 command only is required on a note of protest. 
 To extend the note of protest, the signatures of 
 Master, Chief Officer, Chief Engineer and two 
 other members of the crew are usually required. 
 When necessary to extend the note of protest the 
 Company's officials shall be consulted, as it is 
 very necessary that the extension of protest be 
 drawn by a person having knowledge of the de- 
 tails that should be included. 
 
 91. Certificate of Seaworthiness. In case of 
 an accident such as collision or grounding, heavy 
 weather damage, etc., the Master shall arrange 
 for a survey and secure a certificate of seaworthi- 
 
 43 
 
ness. The surveyors should be representatives of 
 the Classification Society with which the ship is 
 classed, or, if no representative of this Society can 
 be obtained, surveyors representing some other 
 Society shall be obtained or the survey made by 
 two other ship-masters. In a foreign port, if 
 ship-masters are to make survey, the American 
 Consul shall be requested to appoint them. Ships 
 classed with American Bureau shall apply to Brit- 
 ish Corporation if there be no American Bureau 
 representative available. 
 
 92. Other party to be represented on survey. 
 In case of a collision, invite the Master and owner, 
 or agent, of the other vessel to be present at sur- 
 vey of your vessel. You shall also be represented 
 without prejudice at survey of colliding vessel. 
 When the day and hour of survey on your vessel 
 has been agreed on, the Master and owner, or 
 agent of the other vessel are to be notified in writ- 
 ing and invited to be present. 
 
 The Master shall also advise other party that 
 he holds them responsible for any and all damage 
 to his vessel, cargo, etc. 
 
 93. Master not to admit liability. Under no 
 circumstances shall the Master admit liability of 
 his vessel or any member of the crew, without 
 consulting the Manager, Marine Department, 
 Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) , 26 Broadway, New York, 
 N. Y. 
 
 94. Repairs of damages. When a vessel is 
 damaged due to accident, and requires immediate 
 repairs, if possible the ship shall be brought into 
 the port of destination, or an intermediate port, 
 rather than to return to the loading port. If the 
 Master is in doubt of the steamer's seaworthiness, 
 he shall put in to the nearest port and wire full 
 information to R. L. Hague, 26 Broadway, New 
 York, N. Y., requesting instructions as to ship 
 and cargo. 
 
 45 
 
95. Precautions when jettisoning cargo. If for 
 
 any reason it becomes necessary to jettison bulk 
 oil cargo, it shall, where possible, be done thru 
 the sea suction, or be pumped thru the cross- 
 over pipe and down the sea suction of another 
 pump. When the piping arrangement does not 
 permit of the aforesaid procedure, as a last resort 
 the cargo may be pumped thru the deck pipe 
 line and a hose extending below the water level, 
 to prevent the generation of gas as far as pos- 
 sible. In all cases where possible the cargo shall 
 be pumped over the leeward side. 
 
 96. No fires about the deck. When jettisoning 
 cargo in this way, the Master shall assure himself 
 that all galley fires, donkey boiler fires and other 
 open fires or lights about the deck are in proper 
 condition to prevent the ignition of the enormous 
 volume of gas enveloping the ship, especially if 
 the cargo is Naphtha, Benzine or Gasoline. 
 
 97. Salvage. In case the vessel is involved in 
 salvage operation, no agreement shall be made 
 other than settlement by owner's arbitration or 
 in the United States Court, Southern District, 
 New York. 
 
 98. Insurance. The vessels of the fleet are not 
 insured by insurance companies. Therefore, it is 
 particularly essential that Masters and Officers 
 bear in mind always, the fact that safety of the 
 vessel, her equipment and the personnel on board 
 should have first consideration. All accidents, 
 whether major or minor, including groundings, 
 collisions with wharves, or other vessels, heavy 
 weather damages, etc., are direct total losses to 
 the Company. 
 
 The Company requires a complete written ex- 
 planation from the Captain in the case of every 
 accident, as it is naturally assumed that he has 
 been negligent or incompetent, unless a satisfac- 
 tory explanation is received. 
 
 47 
 
Reports of accident should show : 
 Draft of vessel forward and aft; 
 State of the wind, weather and sea ; 
 Captain's opinion as to cause of accident and 
 whom he considers responsible. 
 
 Note. — The fact that the vessels are not insured in no way 
 affects the previous instructions regarding protests, surveys, etc. 
 
 99. General Average. When a vessel is carry- 
 ing cargo for another company and meets with ex- 
 penses of a general average nature, such as tow- 
 ing, jettisoning of cargo, expenses incurred in re- 
 floating, salvage charges and other expenses in- 
 curred to save or protect the qombined interest of 
 hull, cargo and freight, it is then necessary for 
 the Master to require the consignee or cargo 
 owner to sign an average bond guaranteed by an 
 Insurance Company or other responsible corpora- 
 tion represented in the United States or United 
 Kingdom, before cargo is delivered, unless the 
 letter of sailing instructions orders the Master 
 otherwise. General average expenses are charge- 
 able to the various interests involved, that is, 
 hull, cargo and freight, and without an average 
 bond the Company may be unable to recover the 
 amount due from cargo interests. 
 
 100. Documents relating to general average ex- 
 penses. All documents used in the adjustment 
 of losses and averages, including surveys, pro- 
 tests, vouchers, charges, disbursements, etc., shall 
 be sent to the Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) Marine 
 Department, New York, marked so that the item 
 can be readily identified with the accident it 
 covers. 
 
 Note. — For full discussion of G. A. see "Hand Book for Mas- 
 ters," by W. H. La Boyteaux. 
 
 101. Expenses incurred thru accident, etc. Ac- 
 curate record of expenses incurred as the re- 
 sult of accident, stress of weather, etc. (including 
 engine and deck stores lost or damaged, stores 
 
 49 
 
purchased or taken from stock to replace those 
 lost or damaged), shall be kept and report made 
 promptly to New York office. 
 
 DECK DEPARTMENT 
 
 102. Duties of Chief Officer. The Chief Officer, 
 as the head of this department, shall be respon- 
 sible to the Master for the cleanliness and pres- 
 ervation of all parts of the ship, its cargo and 
 equipment, except that part specifically assigned 
 to the Chief Engineer. He shall keep a deck 
 work book in which he shall record the work done 
 by the deck force. 
 
 103. Joining ship. Upon joining a ship the 
 Chief Officer shall immediately familiarize him- 
 self with the ship and equipment under his 
 charge. 
 
 104. Assignment of duties. The Chief Officer 
 shall assign duties and lay out the work of all 
 deck officers and men, subject to the approval of 
 the Master. 
 
 105. Succeeds Master in command. In case of 
 the absence, death or disability of the Master, the 
 Chief Officer shall succeed him in command and 
 perform the duties of the Master. 
 
 106. Navigational duties. The Chief Officer 
 shall perform such navigational duties as are as- 
 signed him by the Master. 
 
 107. Inspection. The Chief Officer shall make 
 frequent inspections of all parts of the ship in his 
 charge, and keep the Master informed of general 
 conditions. 
 
 108. Personnel. The Chief Officer shall note 
 the reliability and aptitude of deck officers and 
 men, and be prepared to report to the Master on 
 their general proficiency. 
 
 109. Report cases of indolence, carelessness, 
 etc. The Chief Officer shall report all cases of in- 
 dolence, carelessness in performance of duty or 
 
 51 
 
other misconduct, that come to his notice, to the 
 Master, for such action as the Master sees fit to 
 take. 
 
 110. Loading and discharging. The Chief Of- 
 ficer shall be in direct charge of loading and dis- 
 charging cargo, and shall take every proper step 
 to expedite same. 
 
 111. Duties on leaving port. The Chief Officer 
 shall assure himself that everything on deck is in 
 readiness . for sailing in ample time to make re- 
 port of readiness to Master one-half hour before 
 sailing. He shall especially satisfy himself that 
 life-boats are properly equipped and clear for low- 
 ering, that all hatches, cargo and equipment are 
 secured for sea and that all deck personnel has 
 been assigned to tasks necessary to unmoor ship 
 or get up anchor. 
 
 112. Duties on arrival in port. The Chief Of- 
 ficer, before arrival in port, shall assure himself 
 that both anchors with suitable buoys are ready 
 for "letting go" and that necessary lines are 
 handy on deck in case ship is to be moored to dock, 
 and be prepared to report readiness to Master in 
 ample time. 
 
 113. Rat guards. The Chief Officer shall re- 
 quire that "rat guards" be fitted on mooring lines 
 and other lines to dock. The Port Authorities at 
 many ports require the use of "rat guards." 
 
 114. Preparations for loading or discharging. 
 The Chief Officer shall make all proper prepara- 
 tions for loading or discharging cargo before ar- 
 rival at point of loading or discharge, in order that 
 there will be no unnecessary delay in starting. 
 
 Duties of Mates 
 
 115. Duties assigned by Chief Officer. The 
 
 Mates shall perform such duties as are assigned 
 them by the Master or Chief Officer. 
 
 116. Report cases of misconduct. The Mates 
 
 53 
 
shall report to the Chief Officer all cases of in- 
 dolence, carelessness in performance of duty or 
 other misconduct that come to their notice. 
 
 Duties of Officer of the Watch 
 
 117. Master's representative. The Officer of 
 the Watch is the Master's representative in his 
 absence from the bridge and, as such, is respon- 
 sible for maintaining the course and speed, the 
 strict observance of the "Rules of the Road," and 
 the safety of the ship in general. 
 
 118. Authority in emergency. The Officer of 
 the Watch is not authorized to change the course 
 or speed without the consent of the Master, ex- 
 cept in an emergency, in which case he shall take 
 action in accordance with Par. 119. 
 
 119. Vessel in danger. In the event of the 
 vessel's running into danger, the Officer of the 
 Watch, in the absence of the Master from the 
 bridge, shall immediately take necessary steps to 
 prevent disaster. The Master shall be notified as 
 quickly as possible of the attendant circumstances 
 and the action taken. 
 
 120. Report unusual weather conditions. The 
 Officer of the Watch shall report to the Master 
 any marked change in weather conditions, includ- 
 ing sudden variations of barometric pressure or 
 temperature. 
 
 121. Report sighting land, navigational marks, 
 etc. The Officer of the Watch shall report to the 
 Master when land, navigational marks, breakers, 
 discolored water, or vessels which will pass close 
 aboard are sighted. 
 
 122. Navigational duties. The Officer of the 
 Watch shall have a chart in his custody, on which 
 is marked the ship's course and position. He shall 
 fix the ship's position frequently by all landmarks 
 in sight and perform other navigational duties as- 
 signed by the Master. 
 
 55 
 
123. Safety of ship. The Officer of the Watch 
 shall always keep in mind that his responsibility 
 for the safety of the ship is of paramount impor- 
 tance, and he shall never allow his navigational 
 duties to prevent a proper lookout ahead of the 
 ship. 
 
 124. Soundings. He shall require soundings to 
 be taken as directed by the Master, and check the 
 soundings obtained with those on the chart. In 
 case of discrepancy he shall report to the Master. 
 
 125. Duty on Relieving. When the Officer of 
 the Watch is being Relieved he shall make his re- 
 lief thoroughly acquainted with the position of 
 the ship with reference to vessels in sight, and to 
 any land or shoals which may be near; with the 
 general condition of the weather, the course, the 
 speed, all unexecuted orders, and the orders of 
 the Master for the night; with the condition of 
 the running lights and any other appliances re- 
 quired by law to be in operation or at hand to 
 prevent collision ; with the condition of the watch 
 on deck for duty and the general condition of 
 the ship. He shall particularly acquaint his relief 
 with the position of the ship by the latest avail- 
 able data; any land, navigational marks or other 
 objects that are expected to be sighted in the 
 next watch, and the identification of those in 
 sight. It shall also be the responsibility of the 
 Officer relieving to assure himself that he secured 
 all the above mentioned information. 
 
 126. Remains on bridge. The Officer of the 
 Watch shall remain on the bridge in charge of 
 the watch until regularly relieved and shall not 
 engage in any occupation which may distract his 
 attention from duty. 
 
 127. Inspection of ship. Upon being relieved, 
 the Officer of the Watch shall make an inspection 
 of the ship on upper decks and make an appro- 
 priate entry in the log. 
 
 57 
 
128. 
 
 In case of danger when relieving. If the 
 
 relieving officer believes the ship is in danger he 
 may refuse to relieve until the facts have been 
 reported to the Master and the Master's instruc- 
 tions* received. 
 
 Watch Officer — General 
 
 129. Rules of the road. The "Rules of the 
 Road at Sea," by W. H. LaBoyteaux or other 
 recognized authorities on the "Rules of the 
 Road," are recommended to the Captains and 
 other licensed officers for full information on the 
 rules of the road. It should be remembered that 
 the interpretation of the rules of the road must 
 be in accord with the interpretation placed on 
 these rules by the courts. 
 
 130. Anchor and cables. When the ship is in 
 drydock the anchor cables, when time permits, 
 shall be ranged, and the chain lockers and chains 
 thoroughly cleaned and overhauled. The follow- 
 ing shall especially be attended to: Shackles 
 opened up and examined, pins renewed, and the 
 first 30 fathoms shifted to the end of the chain. 
 The chains shall be marked as follows : 
 
 15 fathoms. One or more turns of seizing wire 
 around the stud of the first link. Shackle to be 
 painted white. 
 
 30 fathoms. One or more turns of seizing wire 
 around the stud of the second link. Shackle to 
 be painted red. 
 
 45 fathoms. One or more turns of seizing wire 
 around the stud of the third link. Shackle to be 
 painted green. 
 
 60 fathoms. One or more turns of seizing wire 
 around the stud of the fourth link. Shackle to be 
 painted white. 
 
 59 
 
75 fathoms. One or more turns of seizing wire 
 around the stud of the fifth link. Shacjde to be 
 painted red. 
 
 90 fathoms. One or more turns of seizing wire 
 around the stud of the sixth link. Shackle to be 
 painted green. 
 
 131. Heaving in chain. When heaving in 
 chain the officer in charge of the forecastle head 
 shall assure himself that the hardwood pins of 
 the shackles are in good condition. He shall 
 cause each link and shackle to be "sounded" with 
 a hammer as it comes thru the hawse pipe, 
 monthly, in order to discover any flaw or partial 
 fracture. 
 
 132. Anchor to be fitted with buoy. Each 
 anchor shall be fitted with a suitable buoy and 
 line, in order to facilitate recovery if lost. 
 
 133. Turning head on anchor. When attempt- 
 ing to turn the vessel head on anchor and chain, 
 officers are advised to avoid placing undue strain 
 on ground tackle. The windlass should be 
 screwed up so that if undue strain is put upon 
 it, the cable will surge. 
 
 134. Coming to anchor. After the vessel has 
 been brought to anchor, and before main engines 
 are secured, the ship's position shall be verified 
 by means of cross bearings and position entered 
 in the log. 
 
 135. Damage to submarine cable. The fol- 
 lowing extract from the Act of February 29, 1888, 
 is quoted for the information and guidance of 
 officers of the Fleet: 
 
 "Any person, who, by culpable negligence, shall 
 break or injure a submarine cable shall be guilty 
 of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof 
 shall be liable to imprisonment for a term not 
 exceeding three months, or to a fine not exceed- 
 ing $500, or both fine and imprisonment, at the 
 discretion of the court. 
 
 61 
 
'The provision of the foregoing section shall 
 not apply to a person who breaks or injures a 
 cable in an effort to save the life or limb of him- 
 self or any other person, or to save his own or 
 any other vessel, provided he takes a reasonable 
 precaution to avoid such breaking or injury." 
 
 136. Test before getting under way. Before 
 getting under way, the main engines, whistle, 
 siren, steering gear, telegraphs, windlass, and, if 
 at night, running lights, shall be tested and an 
 appropriate entry made in the bridge log. 
 
 137. Improper use of winches or windlass ends. 
 Mooring lines shall not be made fast to winches 
 or windlass ends, but the deck bitts shall be used 
 for this purpose. 
 
 138. Emergency steering gear. Wires, tackles 
 and other gear provided for steering the ship in 
 an emergency shall be kept where they will be 
 readily accessible. 
 
 139. Old mooring lines returned. When new 
 mooring lines are received, the old ones which 
 they replace shall be returned to New York on 
 first arrival at that port. 
 
 140. Test of hand steering gear. The hand 
 steering gear shall be tested once each calendar 
 month while the vessel is under way, and appro- 
 priate entry made in log. 
 
 141. Inspection of movable gear. The Chief 
 Officer is required to assure himself that all 
 movable gear under his jurisdiction is kept in 
 good working order. Inspection shall be made 
 semi-monthly, and appropriate entry made in 
 log. 
 
 142. Preservation of interior structure. Inte- 
 rior structure, such as fore and aft peaks, 'tween 
 deck storerooms, holds and pumproom lockers 
 shall be periodically scaled and kept in good order. 
 It is expected that the crew shall perform this 
 work. 
 
 63 
 
143. Hose outlets and fittings. All hose out- 
 lets and fittings shall be of 2i/ 2 -in. New York 
 Corporation thread ; this applies to both fire main 
 and wash deck lines. In ordering new supplies, 
 care shall be taken to specify above thread, and 
 if any fittings now on the vessel are not of this 
 standard they shall be replaced. 
 
 PAINTING REGULATIONS 
 
 144. The following painting instructions are to 
 be strictly adhered to: 
 
 Preparing Surfaces for Painting 
 
 All metal surfaces are to be thoroughly chipped or 
 scraped and wire-brushed before painting. Surfaces should 
 be well brushed and must be free from any grease, dirt, 
 or petroleum oils before paint is applied. 
 Surfaces Not to Be Painted 
 
 Under no circumstances shall paint be applied to pol- 
 ished brass, copper, insulated electric wiring (excapt when 
 armored); the bearing edges of ports and water tight 
 doors; rubber, galvanized iron of any and all descriptions, 
 name plates on valves, removable canvas work, and similar 
 surfaces where the use of paint is neither a protection nor 
 a decoration, but merely an added expense. 
 
 Especial care must be taken to see that the threads of 
 valve stems are not painted. 
 
 Polished brass, copper and galvanized surfaces are to be 
 wiped off with a kerosene rag. The moving parts of ma- 
 chinery, gun metal or blued finish lagging, etc., are not to 
 be painted. 
 Standing Rigging 
 
 Standing rigging is to be gone over with a mixture 
 made up of equal parts of raw linseed oil and Stockholm 
 tar. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING SCHEDULE OF "FINISH COL- 
 ORS" SHALL BE STRICTLY ADHERED TO THROUGH- 
 OUT THE VESSEL, THE COLORS IN ALL INSTANCES 
 BEING IN CONFORMITY WITH THE "SOCONY" MA- 
 RINE COLOR CARD. 
 
 COLOR CARDS MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE 
 MARINE DEPARTMENT, NEW YORK. 
 (1) Exterior shell surface up to load 
 
 water line Anti corrosive 
 
 composition 
 
 65 
 
(2) Exterior shell surface up to light 
 load line 
 
 (3) Exterior shell surface from light 
 load line to the load water line 
 
 (4) Exterior shell surface or "topsides" 
 above the load water line, including 
 mouldings 
 
 (5) Exterior and interior surfaces of 
 bulwarks including those of the 
 midship houses 
 
 (6) Exterior surfaces of steel deck 
 houses, pump room entrance, for- 
 ward companion and light towers 
 
 (7) Exterior surfaces of oil tight hatch 
 coamings and covers 
 
 (8) All surfaces of other hatch coam- 
 ings and covers 
 
 (9) All surfaces of ventilators (includ- 
 ing inside of cowls and trunks) 
 
 (10) All exterior surfaces of masts, der- 
 rick posts, booms, staffs, poles and 
 yards 
 
 (11) All exterior surfaces of deck fit- 
 tings (including rails and stan- 
 chions where not galvanized), da- 
 vits, etc. 
 
 (12) All structural work of the fore and 
 aft bridge, exterior steel access lad- 
 ders, and deck piping guards 
 
 (13) All exterior surfaces of the Fidley 
 top, engine space and galley sky- 
 lights and the boiler space hinged 
 covers 
 
 (14) All exterior surface of the coaming 
 and covers of the skylight to the 
 firemen's and seamen's mess room 
 
 (15) All shell, bulkhead and under side 
 of deck surfaces within the between 
 deck spaces, including the shelter 
 deck midship house space and the 
 forward dry cargo spaces 
 
 (16) The deck surface of spaces enumer- 
 ated in item No. 15 
 
 (17) All exposed or visible surfaces of 
 steel work within the midship and 
 after quarters except where tne 
 adjacent work is of hardwood and 
 
 Anti-fouling 
 composition 
 
 Boot topping 
 
 Dark lead color 
 
 Dark lead color 
 
 Dark lead color 
 Dark lead color 
 Dark lead color 
 Dark lead color 
 
 Dark lead color 
 
 Dark lead color 
 Dark lead color 
 
 Dark lead color 
 Dark lead color 
 
 Light gray color 
 Oxide red 
 
 67 
 
an unsightly appearance would re- 
 sult, in which case the surface is 
 to be grained to conform to the 
 wood finish 
 
 (18) All exposed or visible surfaces of 
 wood work (where not specified to 
 be natural finish) within the mid- 
 ship' and after quarters 
 
 (19) All exposed or visible surfaces, 
 within the engine and boiler spaces, 
 pump rooms (including hatches, 
 skylights and companions) from 
 30" above the floor plating upward 
 
 (20) All exposed or visible structural 
 surfaces, within the steering gear 
 house, refrigerating machine room, 
 all storerooms and storage spaces, 
 including lazarette (but not cold 
 storage spaces), emergency gen- 
 erator room, carpenter shop, paint 
 room, lamp locker, windlass engine 
 space, companions, skylights and 
 in general the interior of all en- 
 closures where required to be 
 painted and not otherwise speci- 
 fied 
 
 (21) Exterior and interior surfaces of 
 bo^ts 
 
 (22) Name letters on bows and stern 
 and port of registry letters on the 
 stern. Letters to be 12" high 
 
 (23) Exterior and visible surfaces of 
 boilers, beachings, uptakes, air 
 ducts, etc. (exclusive of furnace 
 doors and adjacent surfaces, which 
 are to be painted black) 
 
 (24) In the engine and boiler spaces, 
 donkey boiler flat, pump rooms, 
 steering gear house, refrigerating 
 machine room, emergency gener- 
 ator room, paint locker and lamp 
 locker and windlass engine space, 
 the color as indicated and is to be 
 applied only from about 30" above 
 the floor plating or deck, upward; 
 the omitted strip all around, is to 
 be painted dado fashion 
 
 White enamel 
 
 White enamel 
 
 White enamel 
 
 White enamel 
 White enamel 
 
 White enamel 
 White enamel 
 
 Dark red color 
 
 69 
 
(25) The main engine housings, pumps 
 and all surfaces of the machinery 
 below deck requiring to be painted 
 
 ' (except the steam end of pumps 
 which may be painted black) 
 
 (26) All non- working surfaces of deck 
 machinery 
 
 (27) All exposed non-covered piping on 
 deck, in the machinery spaces, 
 pump room, or elsewhere, black, 
 unless required to be painted to 
 conform with the adjacent struc- 
 tural surfaces as in the case of pip- 
 ing carried along the fore and aft 
 bridge, on bulkheads and in quar- 
 ters. 
 
 (28) All electrical conduits throughout 
 and the piping in quarters, except 
 where of brass, are to be painted to 
 conform with the color of the ad- 
 jacent surface. 
 
 (29) Smoke stack (heat resistant paint), 
 black with a white band. White 
 band equal to diameter of stack in 
 depth (one diameter below top of 
 funnel. 
 
 (30) Steel decks where exposed to the 
 weather (unpainted), apply raw 
 linseed oil. 
 
 (31) All hardwood finish throughout (in- 
 cluding trim where the adjacent 
 surfaces are painted) 
 
 (32) Margins of wood decks, rails, etc., 
 where of teakwood 
 
 (33) Wood decks, after planing, cleaning 
 and scraping 
 
 (34) Pipe or standee berths, and radia- 
 tors (where not of brass) 
 
 (35) Linoleum 
 
 (36) Toilet floors where cemented 
 
 (37) The valve handwheels throughout 
 are to be painted in accordance 
 with the S. O. Co. (N. J.) Standard 
 Card Form No. 65—800—3481. 
 
 Under no circumstances are the colors 
 room's or spaces to be changed without 
 Marine Department, New York. 
 
 71 
 
 Buff color 
 Black 
 
 Spar varnish 
 polished 
 
 Spar varnish 
 
 Oil 
 
 Aluminum 
 
 lacquer 
 White shellac 
 Lapidolith 
 
 or finish of any 
 authority of the 
 
144 (a). Marking valves. Valves in the pump- 
 room, engineroom, fireroom and on deck shall be 
 painted as follows: 
 
 Live steam valves : Bright red. 
 
 Exhaust steam valves: Blue. 
 
 Cargo oil valves: Yellow. 
 
 Bunker fuel oil valves: Black. 
 
 Sea water valves: Green. 
 
 Fresh water valves : White. 
 
 Emergency valves: Half bright red and half black. 
 
 In addition, each valve shall be tagged with a 
 brass nameplate free from paint and name legi- 
 ble. The Company provides printed forms with 
 valve markings thereon, copies of which shall be 
 posted in the chartroom, engineers' messroom 
 and pumproom. 
 
 Writing the Deck Log 
 
 The following is a list of the entries required 
 by law to be entered in the official log : 
 
 145. Conviction and punishment. First. 
 Every legal conviction of any member of the 
 crew and the punishment inflicted. 
 
 146. Offenses to be prosecuted. Second. 
 Every offense committed by any member of the 
 crew, for which it is intended to prosecute or to 
 enforce a forfeiture, together with such state- 
 ment, concerning the reading over of such entry 
 and concerning the reply, if any, made to the 
 charge, as is required by Section 4997 (Revised 
 Statutes). 
 
 147. Offense and punishment. Third. Every 
 offense for which punishment is inflicted on 
 board, and the nature of punishment inflicted. 
 
 148. Character and qualifications of members 
 of crew. Fourth. A statement of the conduct, 
 character and qualifications of each member of 
 the crew, or a statement that he declines to give 
 an opinion of such particulars. 
 
 73 
 
149. Medical history. Fifth. Every case of 
 illness or injury happening to any member of the 
 crew, with the nature thereof and the medical 
 treatment. 
 
 150. Death. Sixth. Every case of death hap- 
 pening on board, with the cause thereof. 
 
 151. Birth. Seventh. Every birth happening 
 on board, with the sex of the infant and the 
 names of the parents. 
 
 152. Marriage. Eighth. Every marriage tak- 
 ing place on board, with the names and ages of 
 the parties. 
 
 153. Member of crew leaving. Ninth. The 
 name of every seaman or apprentice who ceases 
 to be a member of the crew otherwise than by 
 death, with the place, time, manner and cause 
 thereof. 
 
 154. Wages due deceased. Tenth. The wages 
 due to any seaman or apprentice who dies during 
 the voyage, and the gross amount of all deduc- 
 tions to be made therefrom. 
 
 155. Sale of effects of deceased. Eleventh. 
 The sale of the effects of any seaman or appren- 
 tice who dies during the voyage, including a 
 statement of each article sold and the sum re- 
 ceived for it. 
 
 156. Collision. Twelfth. In every case of col- 
 lision in which it is practicable to do so, the Mas- 
 ter shall, immediately after the occurrence, cause 
 a statement thereof, and of the circumstance 
 under which the same occurred, to be entered in 
 the official log book. Such entry shall be made 
 in the manner prescribed in Section 4291 (Re- 
 vised Statutes), and failure to make such entry 
 shall subject the offender to penalties prescribed 
 by Section 4292 (Revised Statutes). 
 
 157. Method of making entries. Every entry 
 hereby required to be made in the official log book 
 shall be signed by the Master and by the Mate 
 
 75 
 
or some other one of the crew, and every entry 
 in the official log book shall be made as soon as 
 possible after the occurrence to which it relates, 
 shall show the date of the occurrence and of the 
 entry respecting it ; and in no case shall any entry 
 therein, in respect to any occurrence happening 
 previously to the arrival of the vessel at her final 
 port, be made more than 24 hours after arrival. 
 
 158. Properly kept. If the official log book 
 is not kept in the manner hereby directed, the 
 Master shall for each such offense be liable to a 
 penalty of not more than $25; and every person 
 who makes, or procures to be made, or assists in, 
 making, any entry in any official log book in re- 
 spect to any occurrence happening previous to the 
 arrival of the vessel at her final port of discharge, 
 more than 24 hours after such arrival, shall, for 
 each offense, be liable to a penalty of not more 
 than $150. 
 
 159. Caution re changes and alterations in log 
 entries. Masters and Officers are especially cau- 
 tioned against making changes or alterations in an 
 entry once made. Should it become necessary to 
 correct an entry in the log because of an error, it 
 must be done without defacing the original entry 
 otherwise than by drawing a line thru the errone- 
 ous entry, and leaving it legible as first written. 
 Attempts to destroy or make legible, entries once 
 made, should never be permitted, and any at- 
 tempts thereat are frowned upon by the courts 
 as attempts to conceal the truth. The officers 
 making changes shall initial the margin opposite 
 the correction. 
 
 160. Additional data. In addition to the 
 above, the following data shall be entered in the 
 deck log: 
 
 Force and direction of the wind. 
 Course and speed in knots per hour. 
 
 77 
 
Bearings, observations, soundings and places 
 of departure, ship's draft when entering 
 and leaving port. 
 Barometric reading, temperature of air and 
 water, and such other matters as directed 
 by Master. 
 Average revolutions per minute. 
 Fuel consumption. 
 In case of accident, the time shall be checked 
 with engineroom records to avoid discrepancies. 
 Appropriate entries shall likewise be made in the 
 Deck Log when periodical inspections are made. 
 
 ENGINEERS' DEPARTMENT 
 
 161. Duties of the Chief Engineer. The Chief 
 Engineer, as the head of the Engineers' Depart- 
 ment, shall be responsible for the preservation 
 and efficient working of all machinery, of what- 
 ever description, both of the ship and her boats, 
 including the maintenance and repair of the cargo 
 pumps, cargo pipe lines, cargo heating coils, etc. 
 The actual operation of the cargo pumps shall be 
 under the supervision of the Chief Officer. 
 
 162. Paramount duty. The paramount duty 
 of the Engineers' Department is to have all ma- 
 chinery, boilers and other apparatus in their 
 charge ready to meet all proper requirements. 
 
 163. When Chief Engineer joins. Upon join- 
 ing a ship, the Chief Engineer shall immediately 
 familiarize himself with the type and condition 
 of the main engines and other machinery under 
 his charge, and make a written report to the 
 Marine Department which is also to be signed by 
 the Master. 
 
 164. Responsibility to Master. The Chief En- 
 gineer is responsible to the Captain for the eco- 
 nomical and efficient operation of the machinery 
 under his charge. 
 
 79 
 
165. Protest in case of improper order. If the 
 
 Master gives the Chief Engineer an order, the 
 execution of which, in the opinion of the Chief 
 Engineer, may result in damage to the machinery 
 and/or boilers, the Chief Engineer shall explain 
 to the Master the danger of complying with the 
 order, and if the Master insists and states that 
 compliance is necessary for the safety of the 
 lives of those on board, or for the vessel, the Chief 
 Engineer shall comply with the order. The 
 Master's opinion as to the emergency shall be 
 final, notwithstanding the Chief Engineer's opin- 
 ion, the whole matter shall be fully and com- 
 pletely entered in the Captain's and Engineers' 
 log, and confirmed in writing as soon as practi- 
 cable. 
 
 166. Inspection. The Chief Engineer shall in- 
 spect all parts of the ship under his charge at 
 least once daily, and keep himself thoroughly 
 familiar with the condition of the boilers and ma- 
 chinery under his charge. 
 
 167. Presence in engineroom. The Chief En- 
 gineer shall personally supervise the maneuvring 
 of the engines when entering and leaving port, 
 when leaving or approaching a dock, when in re- 
 stricted waters or at any time when frequent 
 bridge signals may be expected. 
 
 168. Chief Engineer aboard when docking. The 
 
 Chief Engineer must be aboard the vessel when 
 docking, and must be prepared to check, in con- 
 nection with shore representatives, the amount 
 of bunker fuel oil and water aboard at the time of 
 docking. 
 
 When relief engineers are provided, the Chief 
 Engineer shall personally see that the relief engi- 
 neer is properly instructed, so that the latter may 
 intelligently assume charge of the engine watch. 
 
 81 
 
169. Repairs. The Chief Engineer shall keep 
 a record of all repairs required to the main boil- 
 ers, main engines and other machinery under his 
 charge and shall be prepared to submit the record 
 to the Master or Port Engineer when required. 
 
 170. Engineers' journal. The Chief Engineer 
 shall keep a journal in which shall be entered all 
 repairs or adjustments made to the main engines, 
 boilers or other machinery coming under his 
 cognizance. It shall be clearly stated whether 
 work is done by the ship's force or by outside 
 force. This journal shall indicate the amount of 
 clearance allowed on all bearings and pins and 
 shall be a complete history of all machinery. It 
 shall be retained on board as a ship's permanent 
 record, and shall be turned over to the relieving 
 Chief Engineer if change in personnel is made. 
 
 171. Notice before trying main engines. The 
 Chief Engineer shall give the Mate at least one 
 half hour's notice before trying the main engines, 
 so that the ship may be properly secured, and 
 shall not turn over engines until informed by the 
 Mate that the ship is properly secured. 
 
 172. Fuel, fresh water and lubricating oil. 
 The Chief Engineer shall require the amount of 
 fuel, fresh water and lubricating oil on hand to 
 be accurately kept, and shall report the amount 
 on hand and amount expended daily to the Cap- 
 tain. 
 
 173. Engineers' log. The Chief Engineer shall 
 personally inspect the Engineers' log daily and 
 assure himself that all entries therein are accu- 
 rately made. When Chief Engineer is transferred 
 or paid off he shall make an entry to that effect, 
 giving date, and sign his name. 
 
 174. Personnel. The Chief Engineer shall note 
 the reliability and aptitude of the Engineer N Offi- 
 cers and men, and shall be prepared to report to 
 the Master on their general proficiency. 
 
 83 
 
175. Report cases. The Chief Engineer shall 
 report to the Master all cases of indolence, care- 
 lessness in performance of duties or other miscon- 
 duct that may come to his notice, for such action 
 as the Master sees fit to take. 
 
 Duties of Assistant Engineers 
 
 176. Assignments by Chief Engineer. The 
 
 Assistant Engineers shall perform such duties as 
 are assigned to them by the Chief Engineer. 
 
 177. Succeed to duties of Chief Engineer. In 
 case of the absence, death or disability of the 
 Chief Engineer, Assistant Engineers shall suc- 
 ceed in order of seniority. 
 
 178. Cases of misconduct. Assistant Engineer 
 officers shall report to the Chief Engineer all 
 cases of indolence, carelessness in performance of 
 duties or other misconduct that may come to their 
 notice. 
 
 Duties of Engineer Officer of the Watch 
 
 179. Chief Engineer's representative. The 
 
 Engineer Officer of the Watch is the Chief Engi- 
 neer's representative in the absence of the Chief 
 Engineer from the engineroom, and as such he is 
 responsible to the Chief Engineer for the eco- 
 nomical and safe operation of the main boilers, 
 main engines and their dependencies. 
 
 180. Responsible for maintaining speed. The 
 
 Engineer Officer of the Watch is responsible to 
 the Chief Engineer for maintaining the standard 
 speed assigned. In case of the necessity of ma- 
 terially changing the speed, he shall immediately 
 report the fact to the bridge and to the Chief 
 Engineer. 
 
 181. Answer all bells or other signals from 
 bridge. The Engineer Officer of the Watch shall 
 
 85 
 
immediately comply with all bells or other sig- 
 nals from the bridge. In, case of an order from 
 the bridge or from other authority to increase 
 speed above normal, he shall also immediately 
 inform the Chief Engineer. 
 
 182. Report all breakdowns or other defects of 
 machinery. In case of a breakdown or other de- 
 fect of machinery or boilers, the Engineer Officer 
 of the Watch shall take immediate steps to rem- 
 edy same, but shall also inform the Chief Engi- 
 neer of the facts. 
 
 183. Unusual expenditures of fuel, etc. The 
 
 Engineer Officer of the Watch shall keep himself 
 informed of the expenditure of fuel, lubricating 
 oil and fresh water during his watch, and in case 
 expenditures are unusual, he shall make every 
 effort to determine the cause and remedy same, 
 and notify the Chief Engineer. 
 
 184. Duty when relieved. When relieved, the 
 Engineer Officer of the Watch shall inform his 
 relief of the standard speed, boilers in use, and 
 the condition of boilers, engines and auxiliaries 
 and any orders of the Chief Engineer. He shall 
 especially turn over to his relief knowledge of 
 any bearings or rods that are "hot" or otherwise 
 giving trouble, and any other facts that would 
 be of interest or assistance to his relief. 
 
 185. In case of danger when relieving. If the 
 
 relieving Engineer Officer is of the opinion that 
 the vessel's engines, boilers or any part of the 
 engine department are in a dangerous condition 
 he may refuse to relieve until the Chief Engi- 
 neer has been notified and his instructions re- 
 ceived. 
 
 186. Not to leave boiler or engineroom. The 
 
 Engineer Officer of the Watch shall not leave the 
 engineroom unless regularly relieved by the Chief 
 Engineer or other duly qualified Engineer Officer. 
 
 87 
 
Duties of the Pumpman 
 
 187. Scope. The pumpman shall be under the 
 Chief Engineer for upkeep and repair of the 
 cargo pumps, and under the Mate for loading, dis- 
 charging and ballasting the ship. Therefore, he 
 shall be under the Mate 24 hours before starting 
 to load or discharge and 24 hours after com- 
 pleting. At other times he shall be under the 
 Chief Engineer. 
 
 188. When signing on. The pumpman shall 
 be -signed on in. the articles as "Pumpman and 
 Carpenter." 
 
 Machinist 
 
 189. Duties. The Company has adopted the 
 policy of carrying machinists on certain vessels 
 of the Fleet. 
 
 Machinists are to work under the supervision 
 of the Chief Engineer on general repair work 
 thruout the ship. 
 
 190. Economical operation. The Engineers' 
 Department shall make every effort to operate 
 with greatest economy. 
 
 191. Suggestions for economy. It is suggested 
 that the following be given especial attention to 
 gain economy: 
 
 Reduce visible steam leaks to a minimum. 
 Check amount of make-up feed water used 
 
 and reduce it to a minimum. 
 Keep boiler feed water free from oil, salt or 
 
 other impurities. 
 Do not run auxiliary machinery any more or 
 
 any faster than actually required. 
 Stop all air leaks in boiler casings. 
 Keep boiler feed water as hot as facilities 
 
 available permit. 
 Keep cut-off correctly set and verify same 
 
 frequently by taking indicator cards. 
 
 89 
 
Regulate fires to obtain maximum heat from 
 
 fuel. 
 Be sure that steam traps are working 
 
 properly. 
 
 192. Precautions. Sudden or unequal heating 
 or cooling of boilers, machinery or steam lines 
 shall be avoided. The following are common 
 causes : 
 
 Raising steam in boilers too quickly. 
 Insufficient circulation of water when raising 
 
 steam in boilers. 
 Turning steam on steam line when cold. 
 Failure to sufficiently warm up main engines 
 
 or other machinery before starting. 
 Allowing boiler to cool off too quickly when 
 
 dying out fires. 
 
 193. Turbine reduction sets. It is directed 
 that Chief Engineers of vessels equipped with 
 turbine reduction sets give strict attention to the 
 turbine reduction gear lubrication system; suc- 
 cessful operation is absolutely dependent upon 
 continuous and complete lubrication. 
 
 194. Water in steam lines. The danger of a 
 water hammer due to water in steam lines or in 
 cylinders of machinery shall always be kept in 
 mind and avoided by maintaining proper water 
 level in boilers and proper working of separators 
 and traps. 
 
 195. Continual vigilance. Inspection of ma- 
 chinery in operation shall be vigilant, and de- 
 fects (such as overheating, knocks, etc.) noted, 
 and corrected at first opportunity. 
 
 196. Engineroom telegraph. The engineroom 
 telegraph is a most important means of commu- 
 nication on board ship. One of the Assistant En- 
 gineers shall be given the care of this equipment. 
 When ending a sea voyage and just before enter- 
 ing restricted waters, the Engineer Officer of the 
 Watch shall request the bridge to test out all 
 
 91 
 
engine room telegraphs. The bridge shall grant 
 this request. An entry shall be made in the En- 
 gineers' log of this test. 
 
 197. Test signals. Test out engineroom tele- 
 graph, gongs and other means of signalling to 
 bridge. Before testing out main engines, all en- 
 gineroom telegraphs, gongs, voice tubes, tele- 
 phones and any other means of signaling to the 
 bridge shall be tested out. 
 
 198. Main engines. One half hour before get- 
 ting under way, permission shall be obtained from 
 the Captain, or his representative, and main en- 
 gines tried out in both directions. The Chief 
 Engineer should send a man aft to see that every- 
 thing is clear of the stern before trying out main 
 engines. 
 
 199. Steering engine, anchor engines, winches, 
 etc. See that steering engine, anchor engines, 
 winches and other auxiliaries on deck have been 
 tested out and are ready for use in ample time. 
 
 200. Precautions to safeguard personnel. 
 When opening boilers or machinery for work or 
 inspection inside, especial care shall be taken to 
 prevent steam or hot water being accidentally 
 admitted with resultant injury to personnel or 
 damage to property. All valves on steam ex- 
 haust or water lines shall be tightly closed and 
 blanked off where possible ; otherwise wired shut, 
 and a conspicuous sign placed on them as follows : 
 "Danger — Do not open." It is advisable, when 
 possible, to have at least two valves closed in 
 this manner between the steam, exhaust or hot 
 water and the open boiler or machinery. 
 
 201. Vacuum in boiler. Before removing boiler 
 manhole plate, open air cocks to release vacuum. 
 
 202. Men in unventilated compartments. No 
 man shall be allowed to enter fuel tanks, boilers, 
 double bottoms or other parts of the ship not well 
 ventilated until the air is pure and fit for them 
 
 93 
 
to breathe. Men working in such places shall 
 never be left unattended. In case of emergency, 
 they shall be required to use a helmet and life 
 line. 
 
 203. When taking down steam, exhaust and 
 water lines. When sections of steam, exhaust or 
 water lines are taken down for repairs, the open 
 flanges shall be fitted with a suitable blank to 
 avoid damage from accidentally turning steam, 
 exhaust or water on line taken down. 
 
 204. Zinc plates: care of boiler feed water. 
 Zinc plates shall be fitted in boilers as follows: 
 
 2 furnace boilers: 10 zinc plates. 
 
 3 furnace boilers: 12 zinc plates. 
 
 4 furnace boilers: 14 zinc plates. 
 
 Care shall be taken to have good metallic con- 
 tact between boiler and zinc. Zinc shall be care- 
 fully examined whenever boiler is open for in- 
 spection. 
 
 205. Boiler compound. Boiler compound will 
 be furnished the ship in order to prevent the for- 
 mation of scale and counteract the evil effects of 
 corrosion due to impure water, etc. Specific and 
 detailed instructions for the use of boiler com- 
 pound and outfits for the testing of boiler water 
 will also be furnished. The Engineers shall fa- 
 miliarize themselves with the proper method of 
 handling the boiler compound and of testing the 
 water in the boilers, and the Chief Engineer shall 
 personally test the water in the boilers at least 
 once every 24 hours, noting the result of these 
 tests in the Engineers' official log book. 
 
 206. Effects of oil and acid. The effect of oil 
 in the boiler water is to form a scale on the boiler, 
 and it is the principal agent in making the water 
 acid, with resultant active corrosive effects on in- 
 terior of boiler ; also causes foaming and priming. 
 
 207. Addition of soda and kerosene. In a 
 
 95 
 
newly-filled boiler add 15 pounds of soda and one 
 pint of kerosene. 
 
 208. Test of condenser water and boiler water. 
 
 The water in the feed and filter tank, as well as 
 boilers, shall be tested once every watch, and if 
 any salt be found the reason therefor shall be de- 
 termined and corrected at first opportunity. 
 
 209. Grease extractors. When grease extrac- 
 tors are fitted on the feed line they shall be 
 steamed out and cleaned at least once every 24 
 hours. 
 
 Care and Preservation of Boilers 
 
 210. Cleaning water side. The boilers should 
 be opened up and water side cleaned every four 
 months if practicable. 
 
 211. Opening Boilers. When it becomes neces- 
 sary to open up boilers for cleaning, examination 
 and/or repairs, at least twelve hours must elapse 
 from the time the boiler is shut down until the 
 water is emptied from same, and manhole plates 
 removed. No artificial means of cooling boilers, 
 such as turning ventilators to the wind, inserting 
 windsails, etc., shall be resorted to. The above 
 shall not be deviated from except in cases of urg- 
 ent emergency. 
 
 212. Examination. After wiping out, the 
 Chief Engineer shall examine the interior of the 
 boiler and make detailed notes in log book as to 
 condition. 
 
 213. Closing up boiler. After completion of 
 work as set forth above, the Chief Engineer shall 
 again inspect the water sides of boiler and in- 
 terior fittings and see that all work has been 
 properly performed and boilers are ready for 
 closing up. He shall assure himself that steam 
 spaces are coated with white zinc and kerosene. 
 Upon being closed up, the boilers shall be filled 
 with water at least 100 deg. F. in temperature, 
 
 97 
 
if possible, and the Chief Engineer shall assure 
 himself that all tubes are fitted with retarders. 
 
 214. Test of safety valves. Safety valves shall 
 be lifted at least once each calendar month. 
 
 215. Indicator cards. One set of indicator 
 cards, not worked out, shall be taken with the 
 vessel in ballast and one set not worked out with 
 a loaded ship on each voyage, in addition to one 
 set of cards properly worked out. In addition to 
 the usual data called for on indicator cards, the 
 Chief Engineer shall submit the following, send- 
 ing same to the New York office: 
 
 Percentage of cut-off. 
 
 Length of time vessel is out of dock. 
 
 Conditions of weather when cards were 
 
 taken. 
 Approximate draft forward and aft. 
 Pitch of propeller. 
 Average revolutions per minute for four 
 
 hours, at time cards were taken. 
 Average speed by log for four hours, at time 
 
 cards were taken. 
 Percentage of error in log reading. 
 Average stack temperature. 
 Average fuel oil temperature. 
 Average fuel oil pressure. 
 Average consumption of fuel oil for four 
 
 hours, at time cards were taken (by meter 
 
 and/or by actual measurement) . 
 Percentage of error in meter reading. 
 Average temperature of water in hotwell. 
 Average vacuum. 
 Average back pressure on auxiliary exhaust 
 
 lines. 
 Average feed water temperature. 
 The cards shall be kept clean and legible, and 
 are to be taken under normal running conditions. 
 
 216. Work to be performed by ship's personnel. 
 The Company considers the following lines em- 
 
 99 
 
body the scope of upkeep work to be performed 
 by the ship's staff without outside assistance: 
 
 Unless otherwise, properly authorized by a rep- 
 resentative of the Repair Division, the Engineer- 
 ing Staff shall open up for 'examination main en- 
 gines, condensers, and all auxiliaries prior to sub- 
 mitting requisitions for repairs in order to ascer- 
 tain the extent of repairs required. 
 
 The Engineering Staff is also required to over- 
 haul main engines and auxiliaries and take up all 
 lost motion, etc., in same; they should pack rods 
 and valve stems, pack and overhaul all pumps as 
 found necessary, grind in all valves and remake 
 all steam, exhaust and water pipe joints, etc. 
 
 Only in the case of repairs becoming neces- 
 sary to the above is the assistance of repair con- 
 tractors to be requisitioned. 
 
 It is also the duty of the Engineering Staff to 
 assist the repair contractors and to facilitate 
 their work as much as possible, and further, to 
 see that all repairs are properly made. 
 
 217. Refrigerator temperatures. One of the 
 Engineers and the Steward shall take the refrig- 
 erator temperature twice daily, and enter the 
 result 1n the book provided for the purpose. 
 
 STEWARDS' DEPARTMENT 
 
 218. Duties of Steward. The Steward, as head 
 of this department, shall be directly responsible 
 to the Master for the cleanliness and good condi- 
 tion of the living compartments, messrooms, gal- 
 ley, refrigerator compartments, storerooms under 
 his charge, and the conduct of all members of his 
 department. 
 
 219. Issuing of stores. The Steward shall per- 
 sonally issue all stores and provisions under his 
 charge, and under no circumstances shall he give 
 the keys of storerooms to the cooks or messmen. 
 
 220. Opening of freezing rooms and iceboxes. 
 
 101 
 
Freezing rooms and iceboxes shall not be opened 
 oftener than twice a day, at which time all pro- 
 visions required shall be removed, and the tem- 
 perature taken in the presence of an Engineer 
 Officer. 
 
 221. Condemned stores. No provisions or 
 stores shall be condemned and thrown overboard 
 unless witnessed by the Captain and Chief Engi- 
 neer; and in every such case a written report 
 shall be made to the Standard Oil Company 
 (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 Broadway, New 
 York, N. Y,, and signed by the Captain, Chief En- 
 gineer and Steward. 
 
 222. Inventory. The Steward shall make a 
 complete and accurate inventory of all stores and 
 provisions remaining on board at the end of the 
 voyage, and turn it over to the Master, who will 
 forward same to the Standard Oil Company 
 (N. J.), Marine Department, New York. 
 
 223. Purchasing supplies. The Port Stewards 
 will supply the vessels with sufficient provisions 
 and supplies for the voyage, so that it should not 
 be necessary to purchase provisions en route, 
 other than those outlined in the Master's letter 
 of instructions ; in all cases, however, the Master 
 must be consulted and his approval obtained in 
 writing before purchasing stores. 
 
 224. Bills and invoices. Copies of all bills or 
 invoices for provisions must be kept by the 
 Steward, in files provided, and turned over to the 
 Port Steward on demand. 
 
 225. Extended voyage. In case the voyage is 
 greatly extended, provisions and stores may, 
 after the Captain's written approval, be pur- 
 chased in the event of urgent necessity. 
 
 226. Extra meals. In case meals are served* to 
 persons other than members of the ship's per- 
 sonnel, a receipt shall be obtained and turned in 
 with requisitions at the end of voyage ; otherwise 
 no credit will be given for such extra meals. 
 
 103 
 
REPAIRS 
 
 227. Requirements, The Company furnishes 
 a form for ' 'Requirements for Maintenance and 
 Repairs of the Vessels. " Requirements are al- 
 ways to be entered on the appropriate forms and 
 in quadruplicate. 
 
 228. Checkers, Checkers will be placed on ves- 
 sels on which work is being performed on time, 
 who will check the work as to labor and material. 
 The Captain and ship's Officers shall co-operate 
 with checkers in every way practicable. The 
 checkers shall be subsisted in one of the officers' 
 messes. 
 
 229. Procedure following preparation of requi- 
 sition. The procedure to be followed in the prep- 
 aration of a requisition is different under the fol- 
 lowing conditions : 
 
 (1) When in New York, 
 
 (2) When in other U. S. ports having Super- 
 
 vising Engineers, 
 
 (3) When in an outport in U. S. or at Tam- 
 
 pico, Mex., 
 
 (4) When in a foreign port. 
 
 The procedure under each of the above condi- 
 tions is set forth below. 
 
 230. Procedure when in New York. When in 
 New York the original and duplicate copies shall 
 be handed to the Supervising Engineer, the tripli- 
 cate copy handed to the Superintendent of Con- 
 struction and Repair, at 26 Broadway, and the 
 quadruplicate retained on board ship. A copy of 
 the confirming order for repairs is sent to the 
 ship, and as soon as practicable after the comple- 
 tion of repairs, the Chief Engineer shall check the 
 work actually done against the ship's copy of the 
 confirming order by items of work, and make ap- 
 propriate remarks opposite each item, such as 
 "Work satisfactorily completed," "Work com- 
 
 105 
 
pleteti except ," ''Work unsatisfactory/' 
 
 (state reason), etc. 
 
 When work has been checked up as above, the 
 Captain shall immediately mail the copy of con- 
 firming order to the C. & R. Division, Standard 
 Oil Co. (N. J.) Marine Department, 26 Broadway, 
 New York, N. Y. This is very important, as it is 
 used as a check on the Repair Yard bills, and shall 
 therefore be given the careful attention of all 
 concerned. 
 
 231. Procedure in U. S. ports other than New 
 York. The procedure in ports, where Supervising 
 Engineers are available, other than New York, is 
 the same as at New York, except that the Captain 
 hands the triplicate copy of requisition to the 
 Agent instead of to the Superintendent of Con- 
 struction & Repair, and the Agent, in turn, for- 
 wards it to the Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) Marine 
 Department, 26 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 
 
 232. Repairs at outports in U. S. and Tampico, 
 Mex. No repairs shall be undertaken at outports, 
 except those necessary for the dispatch and sea- 
 worthiness of the ship, unless authorized by the 
 New York office. In preparing requisitions for 
 repairs at outports, the above must be borne in 
 mind; otherwise the preparation of requisition 
 is the same as already described, except the ship's 
 Officers do not sign the duplicate copy until work 
 is completed. The original and duplicates are 
 handed to the Repair Yard, the triplicate turned 
 over to our Agent to forward to the Standard Oil 
 Co. (N. J.) Marine Department, New York, and 
 the quadruplicate retained by the ship. 
 
 The original, after being signed by the Captain 
 and ship's Officers, constitutes an order on the 
 Repair Yard. The duplicate is not signed until 
 all work is completed, when it should be presented 
 to the ship's Officers by the Repair Yard for ap- 
 proval and signature. The ship's Officers shall 
 
 107 
 
correct the duplicate, as per instructions on same, 
 so that it will show the work actually performed ; 
 sign and return it to the Repair Yard, with in- 
 structions to mail it immediately to the Standard 
 Oil Co. (N. J.) Marine Department, New York. 
 In case additional work be required after first 
 requisitions have been accomplished, an additional 
 requisition shall be made out in quadruplicate and 
 handled in the same way. 
 
 No bills are required to be signed by Master in 
 above cases, as duplicate copies of requisitions 
 serve instead. 
 
 233. Repairs in foreign ports. Only repairs 
 necessary for the dispatch and seaworthiness of 
 the vessel shall be undertaken in foreign ports. 
 In every case the Captain shall endeavor to get 
 the labor and material costs itemized so as to show 
 that which is chargeable under the various items 
 shown on work list. 
 
 234. Master to be informed of repairs. The 
 Master shall keep himself informed by consulting 
 the Chief Engineer and Chief Officer of all repairs 
 necessary to the ship, and shall require them to 
 furnish him, prior to arrival, with a repair list by 
 items, in writing, for transmittal to the Standard 
 Oil Co. (N. J.) Marine Department, New York. 
 
 235. Repairs to wireless. The wireless appara- 
 tus is the property of the Radio Corporation of 
 America, and they look after the repairs to the 
 wireless on all our vessels. In case any repairs 
 are required, they shall be obtained thru the 
 agents of the Radio Corporation. When the ves- 
 sel is in New York, arrangements shall be made 
 thru the Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) Marine De- 
 partment, 26 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 
 
 236. Inspection of submarine signal apparatus. 
 The submarine signalling apparatus shall be in- 
 spected at least once every six months. The Sub- 
 marine Signal Company, from whom this ap- 
 
 109 
 
paratus is rented, have inspectors at the following 
 ports: Montreal (summer), St. John (winter), 
 Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Norfolk, San 
 Francisco, and Seattle. 
 
 When at one of the above mentioned ports and 
 an inspection has not been made of the apparatus 
 during the previous six months, notify the Sub- 
 marine Signal Co., as well as the Standard Oil Co. 
 (N. J.) Marine Department, 26 Broadway, New 
 York, N. Y. 
 
 237. Spare parts. All spare parts kept on ship 
 shall be stowed in places where they are ade- 
 quately protected from the elements, and where 
 they are readily accessible in case of need; in no 
 case shall they be stowed where there will be un- 
 due delay in getting them in the event that they 
 are needed. They shall be overhauled as often as 
 necessary to keep them in first-class condition. 
 
 The Chief Officer and Chief Engineer shall keep 
 a record, showing the stowage of all spare parts 
 in custody of their respective departments, in or- 
 der that they can be readily located when re- 
 quired. 
 
 The Chief Officer's record of Spare Parts shall 
 include a record of anchors on board, showing 
 their weight, type, etc. ; on which bow the re- 
 spective anchors are carried, and, in case an an- 
 chor is lost, the weight, certificate number and 
 type of anchor shall be included in report of loss, 
 in order to facilitate replacing it with a new one. 
 A similar record shall be kept of anchor chains. 
 
 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 
 
 238. Strict observance. The Master shall re- 
 quire strict observance of safety precautions by 
 all persons on his vessel. 
 
 239. Fire drills and equipment. The Master 
 shall assure himself that all fire-fi.ghting equip- 
 ment is in good condition at all times, and that 
 
 111 
 
the personnel are familiar with their duties in 
 case of fire. Fire and boat drills shall be held 
 weekly when weather and other conditions permit 
 and an entry made in the ship's log whenever 
 these drills are held. 
 
 240. Lungmotors and gas helmets. The Com- 
 pany has supplied the vessels of its fleet with 
 lungmotors and gas helmets which shall be placed 
 near the midships quarters, and kept in perfect 
 condition at all times. One spare tank of oxygen 
 for lungmotor, two spare tanks for gas helmets 
 and six regenerators shall always be kept in lung- 
 motor and gas helmet case. 
 
 241. Instructions for use of lungmotors, etc. 
 Books of instruction are to be kept in each lung- 
 motor and gas helmet case. 
 
 242. Purpose of lungmotor. The lungmotor is 
 for the purpose of inducing artificial respiration 
 in persons apparently drowned, overcome by 
 gases, suffering from electric shock, or otherwise 
 suffering from strangulation. The lungmotor 
 shall always be promptly applied to persons suf- 
 fering from above causes, even though they are 
 apparently dead, and applications shall be con- 
 tinued for at least two hours before giving up. 
 
 243. Purpose of gas helmet. Gas helmets of 
 various kinds are for the purpose of protecting 
 persons entering compartments containing gases, 
 smoke or other poisonous matter. THEREFORE, 
 IF THERE BE ANY POSSIBILITY THAT THE 
 AIR IS INFECTED WITH GASES, SMOKE OR 
 OTHER IMPURITIES, MAKING THE AIR UN- 
 FIT TO BREATHE, NO PERSON SHALL BE 
 PERMITTED TO ENTER THE SPACE UNTIL 
 IT IS KNOWN TO BE FREE OF GASES OR 
 OTHER IMPURITIES, UNLESS HE IS PRO- 
 TECTED BY A GAS HELMET AND FITTED 
 WITH A SUITABLE LIFE LINE STRONG 
 ENOUGH TO HAUL HIM OUT WITHOUT HIS 
 
 113 
 
OWN ASSISTANCE. THIS LINE IS TO BE AT- 
 TENDED BY AT LEAST ONE MAN ON DECK 
 AS LONG AS THE PERSON IS IN THE TANK 
 OR OTHER SPACE. 
 
 In case the man entering the dangerous space 
 cannot be seen at all times, the following signals 
 shall be pre-arranged: 
 
 One pull 0. K. 
 
 Two pulls More slack. 
 
 Three pulls Take in slack. 
 
 Four pulls Haul me out. 
 
 The man tending line on deck shall give "O. K." 
 signals at short intervals, and if no response is re- 
 ceived, the other shall be hauled out immediately. 
 
 The fact that gas masks are effective for a 
 limited time only shall always be kept in mind, and 
 men shall be required to come out in order to get a 
 new supply of air or oxygen in ample time. 
 
 244. Demonstration and practice. The lung- 
 motor and gas helmets shall be tried out and dem- 
 onstrated in the presence of the officers and crew, 
 in order that they may become thoroughly fa- 
 miliar with their use and obtain confidence in their 
 effectiveness. This demonstration shall be made 
 to every new crew, and at least once monthly to 
 old crew and entry of this fact made in the ship's 
 log. 
 
 245. Electric light and flashlight. The use of 
 electric hand lamps with cable attachment (port- 
 ables) shall under no conditions be used in tanks 
 or pumproom (except when under repairs and a 
 chemist's certificate has first been obtained stating 
 the space is gas free). "Ever-Ready" flashlights 
 or torches are provided by the Company and shall 
 be used for purposes of this kind, and a sufficient 
 number shall always be kept at hand to meet 
 usual demand. The flashlights' buttons shall be 
 well insulated with tape. 
 
 115 
 
246. No naked lights. No naked lights are to 
 be permitted on board at any time except by di- 
 rect authority of the Master. Each ship shall 
 have at least two safety lamps on board to be used 
 in case of failure of ship's lighting plant. 
 
 247. Safety matches. No matches except ap- 
 proved safety matches shall be allowed on board. 
 
 248. Responsibility for fire extinguishing ap- 
 paratus. The Heads of the Departments are re- 
 sponsible for the fire extinguishing apparatus in 
 compartments under their jurisdiction, and shall 
 make weekly personal inspections and tests in or- 
 der to assure themselves that all parts are in per- 
 fect condition and ready for instant use, and re- 
 port this fact to the Master who will cause entry 
 of same to be made in the ship's log. 
 
 249. Means for extinguishing fires. THE 
 MASTER SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR 
 KEEPING AT HAND SUFFICIENT MEANS 
 FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES. In this connec- 
 tion, the following is required as a minimum : 
 
 Crew's quarters 2 chemical fire extinguishers 
 
 Fireroom 2 " " 
 
 Galley 1 " 
 
 Engineers' messroom 1 " " 
 
 Pumproom 1 " " 
 
 Chartroom 1 " 
 
 Engineroom 1 " " 
 
 Total 9 " 
 
 250. Precaution against freezing. Unless fire 
 extinguishers are of a non-freezing type, they 
 shall be properly protected in cold weather to pre- 
 vent freezing. 
 
 251. Sand. An ample supply of sand for 
 smothering fires shall be kept in the fire-, engine- 
 and pumprooms. 
 
 252. Instruction to crew. The crew shall be 
 carefully instructed in the use of all fire extin- 
 guishing apparatus and their duty in case of a 
 
 117 
 
fire, and drill shall be held weekly when possible. 
 
 253. Smothering Lines to Cargo Tanks. 
 
 Smothering lines to cargo tanks of all vessels shall 
 be set in the following manner : 
 
 1. Main control valve shut. 
 
 2. Valves into each individual tank to be open 
 
 at all times. 
 In connection with the above, the following is 
 quoted from Rule IV, Clause 4, Page 142, of Gen- 
 eral Rules and Regulations of the Board of Super- 
 vising Inspectors: 
 
 "All branch pipes shall be provided with 
 valves which shall be left open at all times, 
 so that the steam may enter all compart- 
 ments simultaneously. Such branches as may 
 not be required after the fire is definitely lo-, 
 cated may be shut off, in order that the en- 
 tire system may be concentrated on one 
 .tank." 
 The Master, Chief Engineer, all Deck Officers 
 and all Engineers are expected to be -entirely fa- 
 miliar with the smothering system of their 
 vessel. 
 
 254. Shipment of certain package goods pro- 
 hibited. No naphtha, gasoline, benzine, etc., in 
 cans, barrels, cases or packages of any kind, may 
 be accepted for shipment on any of our tank 
 steamers, except that on proper authority from 
 the agent at an out-port or from the Marine De- 
 partment, New York, samples of the different pro- 
 ducts in packages not exceeding ten gallons each, 
 and not more than five such samples at any one 
 time, may be transported. 
 
 255. No exemptions from compliance. All per- 
 sons on board, including shore people making re- 
 pairs, shall comply with the above regulations. 
 
 ROUTINE 
 
 256. Noon reports. The Master shall require 
 
 110 
 
the following reports at noon daily while under 
 way: 
 
 From Chief Officer: Position at 8 A. M. and 
 
 noon by observation 
 and dead reckoning. 
 
 From Chief Engineer: Distance run by the 
 
 engines (average rev- 
 olutions per minute 
 and percentage o f 
 slip), consumption of 
 fuel, and fuel on hand. 
 
 From Second Officer : Position at noon and 7 
 
 P. M. by observation 
 and dead reckoning. 
 
 From Third Officer: Noon position by ob- 
 servation and dead 
 reckoning. 
 
 The Master shall inform the Chief Engineer of 
 the ship's latitude, longitude, distance made good, 
 course, length of day, weather condition and cur- 
 rent. 
 
 257. Bilge soundings and ullages. Soundings 
 of bilges and ullages of cargo shall be taken daily 
 and entered in a book provided for the purpose. 
 
 Engineroom sounding shall be taken daily and 
 record kept by Chief Engineer. 
 
 258. Meals. The Master shall set the hours for 
 serving meals. No meals shall be served in state- 
 rooms except in case of sickness and then only 
 by permission of the Master. 
 
 259. Inspections. The Master (or, in his ab- 
 sence, the Chief Officer), Chief Engineer and 
 Steward shall make a weekly inspection of the 
 cold storage chamber and other places containing 
 food supplies, and require that they be kept sani- 
 tary and free from unsavory odors. 
 
 The Master shall frequently inspect the food 
 served to the various messes and require that it 
 be ample and appetizing. 
 
 121 
 
260. Boat and fire station bills. The Master 
 shall require boat and fire station bills to be posted 
 thruout the ship. 
 
 261. National colors. WHEN ENTERING A 
 FOREIGN COUNTRY, THE NATIONAL COL- 
 ORS OF THE PORT BOUND TO SHALL BE 
 DISPLAYED AT THE FORE-TRUCK. THIS IS 
 AN IMPORTANT MATTER OF COURTESY, 
 AND SHIPS FAILING IN THIS ARE LIABLE 
 TO A FINE. 
 
 262. Quarantine flag. When arriving in a for- 
 eign port or in a home port from a foreign coun- 
 try, the Quarantine Flag shall be displayed until 
 Pratique has been granted or permission obtained 
 from the proper authority to haul it down. Fail- 
 ure to comply with this subjects the ship to a 
 heavy fine. 
 
 263. Harbor regulations. The Master shall ac- 
 quaint himself with the harbor regulations of all 
 ports visited and shall not dock until such regu- 
 lations are carried out. This applies in particular 
 to quarantine and the handling of inflammable 
 cargoes. EVERY EFFORT SHALL BE MADE 
 TO PREVENT THE LEAKAGE OF OIL OVER- 
 BOARD. 
 
 COMPANY REGULATIONS 
 
 264. Port crew. When a ship is in port, all 
 members of the crew on the ship's payroll are re- 
 quired to be on board during regular working 
 hours, unless leave of absence has been granted 
 with the Master's authority. 
 
 265. Leave in safe port. When a ship is at a 
 wharf in a safe port, at least one licensed officer 
 and two members of the deck crew, one licensed 
 engineer, one oiler and one fireman shall be on 
 board at all times. This number is considered a 
 minimum, and additional members of the crew 
 
 123 
 
may be kept on board at the discretion of the Mas- 
 ter or Chief Engineer. 
 
 266. Alcoholic liquors. No alcoholic liquors 
 are permitted on board the vessels of this fleet 
 for any purpose or at any time. In this connec- 
 tion, evidence of the use of alcoholic liquor by any 
 officer or member of crew, during working hours 
 or while on duty, will be considered as. "prima 
 facie" evidence of having had alcoholic liquor on 
 board. Any person in the employ of the Marine 
 Department of the Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) who 
 violates this order, or a ship's officer or member 
 of the shore staff in authority who fails to report 
 violations of this order that come to his knowl- 
 edge, will be liable to dismissal from the com- 
 pany's service. 
 
 267. Smoking. Smoking is strictly prohibited, 
 except in such places and under such conditions 
 as are prescribed by the Master. Every one on 
 board shall be informed of this regulation, and 
 conspicuous signs shall be placed about the ship 
 such as "No Smoking Allowed." 
 
 268. Slop chests. Vessels trading to foreign 
 ports from the United States (except the Domin- 
 ion of Canada, Newfoundland, the Bermuda 
 Islands, the Bahama Islands, the West Indies and 
 Central America), are required by law to be pro- 
 vided with suitable slop chests, which shall con- 
 tain requisite supplies for those on board. 
 
 269. Master provides slop chest. The Master 
 is required to provide a suitable slop chest before 
 starting on any voyage requiring one, as set forth 
 above. It should contain all wearing apparel 
 necessary for a seaman, and a supply of tobacco. 
 
 270. Cost of purchasing paid by Company. 
 The cost of purchasing the slop chest, if required, 
 will be paid by the Company and the Master's ac- 
 count will be debited with same. 
 
 271. All articles intended for crew. No arti- 
 
 125 
 
cles shall be carried in the slop chest except those 
 intended for the crew of the vessel, and under no 
 circumstances are slop chest articles to be dis- 
 posed of to people on shore. All officers, engineers 
 and crew are to be cautioned that they are on no 
 account to dispose of slop chest articles to people 
 on shore. 
 
 272. Master entitled to 10 per cent profit. The 
 Master is entitled to make a profit of not more 
 than 10 per cent on the wholesale value of articles 
 at the port from which voyage commences. 
 
 273. Private trading prohibited. The Master 
 shall notify all members of the ship's company 
 employed on his vessel that private trading is 
 strictly prohibited. Anyone violating this rule 
 will be summarily dealt with. 
 
 274. Stowaways. A thorough search of the 
 vessel is to be made for stowaways before clear- 
 ing from port. In cases where stowaways have 
 gotten aboard, the name, nationality, age and bag- 
 gage of each stowaway, if any, are to be mani- 
 fested. A supply of passenger lists is to be kept on 
 board and copies to be made out for the Immigra- 
 tion Inspector. The stowaway is to be under 
 guard and every effort made to prevent escape. 
 Stowaways are not to be delivered to anyone ex- 
 cept the Immigration Officer, without permission 
 of the New York office. When the Immigration 
 Officer boards the vessel, he will give the Master 
 instructions as to the disposition of the stowaway. 
 A receipt shall be obtained when stowaway is de- 
 livered. 
 
 275. Wives on board. When a vessel is in port, 
 the wives of the Captain, Chief Officer, and Chief 
 and First Assistant Engineer, will be allowed on 
 board, provided there is no opposition from the 
 port authorities. This privilege is not extended 
 to relatives or children, but is strictly limited to 
 wives of the aforementioned members of the 
 
 127 
 
ship's staff. When under way from port to port, 
 no person other than staff, crew or other officials 
 shall be allowed on board without special permis- 
 sion from the Company. 
 
 276. Fumigation. The Master, Officers and 
 crew shall do everything to facilitate fumigation 
 and co-operate in every way with the shore au- 
 thorities. The ship shall be prepared for fumiga- 
 tion under conditions required by law. A careful 
 muster of all members of the crew shall be made 
 before starting fumigation in order to be sure that 
 none is left below. 
 
 277. Smuggling. Smuggling or the carrying 
 of liquors or other contraband is strictly prohib- 
 ited. Any one detected in these practices will be 
 prosecuted according to the law and will be liable 
 for any fine that may be imposed on the ship or 
 owners, and will further be liable to dismissal 
 from the Company's service. 
 
 LOADING AND DISCHARGING BULK CARGO 
 
 278. Responsibility for cargo. The responsi- 
 bility for loading, discharging and carrying of 
 cargo without undue loss and/or contamination 
 rests with the Master. The Chief Officer, as his 
 assistant, and under his supervision, looks after 
 the details of loading, discharging and the preser- 
 vation of cargo while on board ship. 
 
 279. Knowledge of ship's officers, etc. The Chief 
 Officer, Second Officer, Third Officer and Pump- 
 man are required to have a thorough understand- 
 ing of loading and discharging cargo, including 
 accurate personal knowledge of the use and loca- 
 tion of all valves and pipelines. 
 
 280. Fire hazard and precautions. When load- 
 ing or discharging bulk oil, the Master shall re- 
 quire every precaution to be taken to prevent fire. 
 At this time it shall be remembered that the fire 
 hazard is very great and no smoking or open 
 
 129 
 
lights shall be permitted in the vicinity of the 
 ship, and all fires not absolutely required shall be 
 extinguished. 
 
 All fire-fighting apparatus shall be in place and 
 ready for instant use. 
 
 281. Red flag to be displayed, or red light. 
 When loading or discharging oil cargo, a red flag 
 (International Code — Flag B) shall be displayed 
 between foremast and mainmast in daylight, and 
 a red light at night. 
 
 282. Loading preparations. Before arriving in 
 port to load cargo, the cargo tanks and pipelines 
 shall be cleaned, dried and freed of residue from 
 last cargo, or water, when weather and other con- 
 ditions permit cleaning of tanks. 
 
 283. Damage from mixing. A few barrels of 
 oil of one kind, when allowed to mix with another, 
 may spoil a whole tank and necessitate a re- 
 running, which is costly and, at some receiving 
 stations, impossible on account of lack of facili- 
 ties. The danger of damage from mixing is great- 
 est when loading high grade oils, such as lubricat- 
 ing oil, benzine, naphtha or refined oil. 
 
 284. Reporting ready for cargo. Before start- 
 ing to load, the Chief Officer shall furnish the in- 
 specting party with a statement showing that he 
 and his assistants have examined all valves and 
 connections and that the vessel is in every way 
 ready to load cargo without danger of overflow. 
 He shall have the tank tops raised and the port 
 and starboard valves on empty tanks open, to 
 facilitate inspection for the presence of water, 
 dirt or pther foreign matter in the tank or lines 
 and the condition of valves and stems. After the 
 inspector has passed the tanks, the lids are to be 
 closed (but not dogged down), valves adjusted 
 and plug holes left open. 
 
 285. Steam smothering lines. The Chief Offi- 
 cer shall assure himself that steam smothering 
 
 131 
 
lines and valves are in good order before starting 
 to load. 
 
 286. Testing signals to stop loading. , The sig- 
 nal bells, gongs, telephones and loading lines shall 
 be tested before starting to load. In testing and 
 in all other instances, all signals are first to be an- 
 swered by recipient, except a signal to stop shall 
 be acted on and then answered. 
 
 287. Loading with ballast on board. If practi- 
 cable, loading shall not be started while ballast 
 remains in the ship. If absolutely necessary to 
 start loading with ballast on board or any water, 
 however small in quantity, remains in any cargo 
 tanks, the division valves shall be tested for 
 tightness. If it becomes necessary to discharge 
 ballast from the vessel when partly loaded, the 
 oil lines shall be blanked off, or, if this be imprac- 
 ticable, a watch shall be kept on the discharge line 
 to detect the escape of oil. 
 
 288. Connecting hose when at Mexican ports or 
 other exposed berths. When at Mexican out- 
 ports or other exposed berths, the hose shall not 
 be fastened with nuts and bolts, but clamps pro- 
 vided for the purpose shall be used. A top maul 
 shall be kept handy to knock clamps adrift, if 
 necessary. 
 
 289. Slack tanks. Slack tanks shall be avoided 
 where practicable. 
 
 290. Allowance for expansion of oil. In load- 
 ing tanks, allowance shall be made for the expan- 
 sion and contraction of oil due to change of tem- 
 perature. 
 
 Tank steamer officers must be thoroughly fa- 
 miliar with the effect of change of temperature 
 upon different grades of oil. An increased 
 (higher) temperature causes an increase of vol- 
 ume of oil (expansion) and a decreased (lower) 
 temperature, a decrease of volume (jshrinkage) . 
 
 The change of volume, due to change of tem- 
 
 133 
 
COMPARATIVE TABLE OF SPECIFIC AND BEAUME GRAVITIES 
 WITH EQUIVALENT WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
 
 
 Degrees 
 
 
 Kilos per 
 
 
 I.bs. per 
 42- gal. 
 
 
 One ton of 2240 lbs. 
 
 
 Degree; 
 
 Lbs. per. 
 
 Kilos per 
 
 Lbs. per 
 cu. ft. 
 
 Lbs. per 
 
 
 One ton of 2240 lbs. 
 equivalent to 
 
 
 
 Spec. 
 
 bulk gal. 
 
 bulk gal. 
 
 Lbs. per 
 cu. ft. 
 
 
 equivalent to _ 
 
 
 Spec. 
 
 bulk gal. 
 
 bulk gal. 
 
 42-gal. 
 bbl. 
 
 Cu. 
 
 Cu. ft. 
 
 Am. gals. 
 
 bbls. ' 
 
 
 Grav. 
 
 Grav. 
 
 <231cu.in.) 
 
 211 cu. in.) 
 
 bbl. 
 
 Cu. 
 Meters 
 
 Cu. ft. 
 
 Am. gals. 
 
 42-gal. 
 
 Grav. 
 
 Grav. 
 
 (231 cu. in. (231cu.in.) 
 
 
 Meters 
 
 
 
 
 
 10000 
 
 10 
 
 8.331 
 
 3.779 
 
 62.320 
 
 349.902 
 
 1.016 
 
 35.943 
 
 268.875 
 
 6.402 
 
 .7755 
 
 51 
 
 6.461 
 
 2.931 
 
 48.332 
 48.047 
 47.800 
 47.554 
 47.269 
 47.022 
 46.768 
 46.521 
 46.304 
 46.057 
 45.903 
 45.586 
 45.339 
 45.122 
 44.868 
 44.651 
 44.434 
 44.217 
 43.970 
 
 271.362 
 269.766 
 268.380 
 266.994 
 265.398 
 264.012 
 262.584 
 261.198 
 259.980 
 258.594 
 257.166 
 255.948 
 254.562 
 253.344 
 251.916 
 250.698 
 249.480 
 248.262 
 246.876 
 
 1.310 
 1.318 
 
 46.346 
 46.621 
 
 346.696 
 348.747 
 
 8.255 
 8.304 
 
 
 .9930 
 
 11 
 
 8.273 
 
 3.753 
 
 61.886 
 
 347.466 
 
 1.023 
 
 36.196 
 
 270.760 
 
 6.417 
 
 .7710 
 
 52 
 
 6.432 
 
 2.914 
 2.899 
 
 1.325 
 
 46.862 
 
 350.548 
 
 8.346 
 
 
 .9860 
 
 12 
 
 8.214 
 
 3.726 
 
 61.445 
 
 344.988 
 
 1.030 
 
 36.456 
 
 272.706 
 
 6.493 
 
 .7670 
 
 53 
 
 6.390 
 
 1.332 
 
 47.105 
 
 352.368 
 
 8.389 
 
 
 .9790 
 
 13 
 
 8.156 
 
 3.700 
 
 61.011 
 
 342.552 
 
 1.038 
 
 36.714 
 
 274.645 
 
 6.539 
 
 .7630 
 
 54 
 
 6.357 
 
 2.884 
 2.866 
 2.851 
 
 1.339 
 
 47.389 
 
 354.487 
 
 8.440 
 
 
 .9725 
 
 14 
 
 8.102 
 
 3.675 
 
 60.607 
 
 340.284 
 
 1.044 
 
 36.960 
 
 276.475 
 
 6.583 
 
 .7585 
 
 55 
 
 6.319 
 
 1.347 
 1.354 
 1.361 
 
 47.638 
 
 356.348 
 
 8.484 
 
 
 .9660 
 
 15 
 
 8.048 
 
 3.650 
 
 60.203 
 
 338.016 
 
 1.051 
 
 37.208 
 
 278.331 
 
 6.627 
 
 .7545 
 
 56 
 
 6.286 
 
 47.896 
 
 358.286 
 
 8.531 
 
 
 .9595 
 
 16 
 
 *7.994 
 
 3.626 
 
 59.799 
 
 335.748 
 
 1.058 
 
 37.459 
 
 280.211 
 
 6.672 
 
 .7505 
 
 57 
 
 6.252 
 
 2.836 
 2.821 
 
 48.151 
 
 360.187 
 
 8.576 
 
 
 .9530 
 
 17 
 
 7.939 
 
 3.601 
 
 59.388 
 
 333.438 
 
 1.066 
 
 37 719 
 
 282.152 
 
 6.718 
 
 .7465 
 
 58 
 
 6.219 
 
 1.368 
 1.375 
 1.382 
 1.389 
 1.397 
 1.403 
 1.411 
 1.418 
 1.425 
 1.432 
 1.440 
 
 48.376 
 48.636 
 48.799 
 49.138 
 49.406 
 49.643 
 49.924 
 50.167 
 50.412 
 60.659 
 50.944 
 51.205 
 
 361.874 
 
 8.616 
 
 
 .9465 
 
 18 
 
 7.885 
 
 3.577 
 
 58.984 
 
 331.170 
 
 1.073 
 
 37.976 
 
 284.084 
 
 6.764 
 
 .7430 
 
 59 
 
 6.190 
 
 2.808 
 
 363.814 
 
 8.662 
 
 
 .9400 
 
 19 
 
 7.831 
 
 3.552 
 
 58.580 
 
 328.902 
 
 1.080 
 
 38.239 
 
 286.043 
 
 6.811 
 
 .7390 
 
 60 
 
 6.157 
 
 2.793 
 
 365.834 
 
 8.710 
 
 
 .9340 
 .9280 
 .9220 
 .9160 
 .9100 
 .9040 
 .8985 
 .8925 
 .8870 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 
 7.781 
 7.731 
 7.681 
 7.631 
 7.581 
 7.531 
 7.485 
 7.435 
 7.390 
 
 3.529 
 3.507 
 3.484 
 3.461 
 3.439 
 3.416 
 3.395 
 3.372 
 3.352 
 
 58.206 
 57.832 
 57.458 
 57.084 
 56.710 
 56.336 
 55.992 
 55.618 
 55.281 
 
 326.802 
 324.702 
 322.602 
 320.502 
 318.402 
 316.302 
 314.370 
 312.270 
 310.380 
 
 1.088 
 1.094 
 1.102 
 1.109 
 1.116 
 1.123 
 1.131 
 1.138 
 1.145 
 
 38.485 
 38.733 
 38.985 
 39.241 
 39.500 
 39.762 
 40.006 
 40.275 
 40.521 
 
 287.881 
 289.743 
 291.629 
 293.540 
 295.476 
 297.438 
 299.266 
 301.278 
 303.112 
 
 6.854 
 6.898 
 6.944 
 6.989 
 7.035 
 7.082 
 7.125 
 7.173 
 7.217 
 
 .7350 
 .7315 
 .7275 
 .7240 
 .7200 
 .7165 
 .7130 
 .7095 
 .7055 
 
 61 
 62 
 63 
 64 
 65 
 66 
 67 
 68 
 69 
 
 6.123 
 
 6.094 
 6.061 
 6.032 
 5.998 
 5.969 
 5.940 
 5.911 
 5.878 
 
 2.777 
 2.764 
 2.750 
 2.736 
 2.721 
 2.708 
 2.694 
 2.681 
 2.666 
 
 367.575 
 369.576 
 371.353 
 373.458 
 375.273 
 377.106 
 378.955 
 381.082 
 383.037 
 384.682 
 
 8.762 
 8.789 
 8.842 
 8.892 
 8.935 
 8.979 
 9.022 
 9.073 
 9.120 
 9.159 
 9.205 
 
 
 .8815 
 
 29 
 
 7.344 
 
 3.331 
 
 54.937 
 
 308.448 
 
 1.152 
 
 40.744 
 
 305.011 
 
 7.262 
 
 .7020 
 
 70 
 
 5.848 
 
 2.653 
 
 43.746 
 
 245.616 
 
 1.447 
 
 j 
 
 .8760 
 
 30 
 
 7.298 
 
 3.310 
 
 54.593 
 
 306.516 
 
 1.159 
 
 41.031 
 
 306.933 
 
 7.308 
 
 .6990 
 
 71 
 
 5.823 
 
 2.641 
 
 43.559 
 
 244.566 
 
 1.454 
 
 61.425 
 
 1 
 
 .8710 
 
 31 
 
 7.256 
 
 3.291 
 
 54.279 
 
 304.752 
 
 1.166 
 
 41.269 
 
 308.710 
 
 7.350 
 
 .6955 
 
 72 
 
 5.794 
 
 2.628 
 
 43.342 
 
 243.348 
 
 1.461 
 
 51.682 
 
 386.607 
 
 
 .8655 
 
 32 
 
 7.210 
 
 3.270 
 
 53.934 
 
 302.820 
 
 1.173 
 
 41.533 
 
 310.679 
 
 7.397 
 
 .6920 
 
 73 
 
 5.765 
 
 2.615 
 
 43.125 
 
 242.130 
 
 1.469 
 
 5L942 
 
 388.552 
 
 9.251 
 
 
 .8600 
 
 33 
 
 7.165 
 
 3.250 
 
 53.598 
 
 300.930 
 
 1.181 
 
 41.793 
 
 312.631 
 
 7.444 
 
 .6885 
 
 74 
 
 5.736 
 
 2.602 
 
 42.908 
 
 240.912 
 
 1.475 
 
 52.205 
 
 390.517 
 
 9.298 
 
 
 .8550 
 
 34 
 
 7.123 
 
 3.231 
 
 53.284 
 
 299.166 
 
 1.188 
 
 42.039 
 
 314.474 
 
 7.487 
 
 .6850 
 
 75 
 
 5.707 
 
 2.589 
 
 42.691 
 
 239.694 
 
 1.483 
 
 62.470 
 
 392.501 
 
 9.345 
 
 
 .8500 
 
 35 
 
 7.081 . 
 
 3.212 
 
 52.969 
 
 297.402 
 
 4.195 
 
 42.289 
 
 316.340 
 
 7.532 
 
 .6820 
 
 76 
 
 5.682 
 
 2.577 
 
 42.504 
 
 238.644 
 
 1.490 
 
 52.701 
 
 394.228 
 
 9.386 
 
 
 .8450 
 
 36 
 
 7.040 
 
 3.194 
 
 52.663 
 
 295.680 
 
 1.202 
 
 42.534 
 
 318.182 
 
 7.576 
 
 .6785 
 
 77 
 
 5.653 
 
 2.564 
 
 42.287 
 
 237.426 
 
 1.497 
 
 52.971 
 
 396.250 
 
 9.434 
 
 
 .8400 
 
 37 
 
 6.998 
 
 3.174 
 
 52.349 
 
 293.916 
 
 1.209 
 
 42.790 
 
 320.092 
 
 7.621 
 
 .6755 
 
 78 
 
 5.628 
 
 2.553 
 
 42.100 
 
 236.376 
 
 1.504 
 
 53.207 
 
 398.010 
 
 9.477 
 
 
 .8350 
 
 38 
 
 6.956 
 
 3.155 
 
 52.034 
 
 292.152 
 
 1.216 
 
 43.048 
 
 322.025 
 
 7.665 
 
 .6720 
 
 7fl 
 
 5.598 
 
 2.539 
 
 41.876 
 
 235.116 
 
 1.512 
 
 53.492 
 
 400.143 
 
 9.627 
 
 
 .8300 
 
 39 
 
 6.915 
 
 3.137 
 
 51.728 
 
 290.430 
 
 1.224 
 
 43.304 
 
 323.934 
 
 7.713 
 
 .6690 
 
 80 
 
 5.573 
 
 2.528 
 
 41.689 
 
 234.066 
 
 1.519 
 
 53.732 
 
 401.938 
 
 9.570 
 
 
 .8250 
 
 40 
 
 6.873 
 
 3.118 
 
 51.413 
 
 288.666 
 
 1.231 
 
 43.569 
 
 325.913 
 
 
 .6660 
 
 81 
 
 5.548 
 
 2.517 
 
 41.502 
 
 233.016 
 
 1.525 
 
 53.973 
 
 403.750 
 
 9.613 
 
 
 .8205 
 
 41 
 
 6.836 
 
 3.101 
 
 51.137 
 
 287.112 
 
 1.238 
 
 43.805 
 
 327.678 
 
 7.802 
 
 .6630 
 
 82 
 
 5.523 
 
 2.505 
 
 41.315 
 
 231.966 
 
 1.531 
 
 54.217 
 
 405.577 
 
 9.656 
 
 
 .8155 
 
 42 
 
 6.794 
 
 3.082 
 
 50.823 
 
 285.348 
 
 1.245 
 
 44.075 
 
 329.703 
 
 7.850 
 
 .6595 
 
 83 
 
 5.494 
 
 2.492 
 
 41.098 
 
 230.748 
 
 1.541 
 
 54.504 
 
 407.718 
 
 9.707 
 
 
 .8110 
 
 43 
 
 6.756 
 
 3.065 
 
 50.538 
 
 283.752 
 
 1.252 
 
 44.324 
 
 331.558 
 
 7.894 
 
 .6565 
 
 84 
 
 5.469 
 
 2.481 
 
 40.911 
 
 229.698 
 
 1.548 
 
 64.753 
 
 409.582 
 
 9.752 
 
 
 .8055 
 
 44 
 
 6.719 
 
 3.048 
 
 50.261 
 
 282.198 
 
 1.260 
 
 44.567 
 
 333.383 
 
 7.938 
 
 .6535 
 
 85 
 
 5.444 
 
 2.469 
 
 40.724 
 
 228.648 
 
 1.554 
 
 55.005 
 
 411.463 
 
 9.796 
 
 
 .8015 
 
 45 
 
 6.677 
 
 3.029 
 
 49.947 
 
 280.434 
 
 1.268 
 
 44.848 
 
 335.494 
 
 7.988 
 
 .6505 
 
 86 
 
 5.419 
 
 2.458 
 
 •40.537 
 
 227.598 
 
 1.562 
 
 55.259 
 
 413.361 
 
 9.842 
 
 
 .7970 
 
 46 
 
 6.640 
 
 3.012 
 
 49.670 
 
 278.880 
 
 1.275 
 
 45.098 
 
 337.349 
 
 8.035 
 
 .6475 
 
 87 
 
 5.394 
 
 2.447 
 
 40.330 
 
 226.548 
 
 1.569 
 
 55.515 
 
 416.277 
 
 9.887 
 
 
 1 .7925 
 
 47 
 
 6.602 
 
 2.995 
 
 49.386 
 
 277.284 
 
 1.282 
 
 45.357 
 
 339.292 
 
 8.078 
 
 .6445 
 
 88 
 
 5.S69 
 
 2.435 
 
 40.163 
 
 225.498 
 
 1.576 
 
 55.773 
 
 417.210 
 
 9.933 
 
 
 .7885 
 
 48 
 
 6.569 
 
 2.980 
 
 49.139 
 
 275.898 
 
 1.289 
 
 45.585 
 
 340.996 
 
 8.119 
 
 .6415 
 
 89 
 
 5.344 
 
 2.424 
 
 39.976 
 
 224.448 
 
 1.584 
 
 56.034 
 
 419.162 
 
 9.980 
 
 
 .7840 
 
 49 
 
 6.532 
 
 2.963 
 
 48.863 
 
 274.344 
 
 1.296 
 
 45.843 
 
 342.928 
 
 8.165 
 
 .6390 
 
 90 
 
 5.324 
 
 2.415 
 
 39.826 
 
 223.608 
 
 1.589 
 
 56.245 
 
 420.737 
 
 10.017 
 
 
 J .7795 
 
 50 
 
 6.494 
 
 2.945 
 
 48.578 
 
 272.748 
 
 1.303 
 
 46.112 
 
 344.934 
 
 8.213 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10 ° 
 
 to 
 
 20 
 
 20.1 
 
 it 
 
 30 
 
 30.1 
 
 tt 
 
 40 
 
 40.1 
 
 a 
 
 60 
 
 50.1 
 
 tt 
 
 55 
 
 55.1 
 
 it 
 
 60 
 
 60.1 
 
 tt 
 
 65 
 
 65.1 
 
 ti 
 
 70 
 
 70.1 
 
 tt 
 
 75 
 
 75.1 
 
 tt 
 
 80 
 
 80.1 
 
 a 
 
 85 
 
 perature, varies with different gravities of oil 
 loaded, and therefore a table showing co-efficient 
 of change of volume for change of temperature is 
 given below : 
 
 Beaume Coefficient for change 
 
 gravity of oil 1° F. in temperature 
 
 .00035 
 .0004 
 .00045 
 .0005 
 .00055 
 .0006 
 .00065 
 .0007 
 .00072 
 .00075 
 .00078 
 
 Illustration : 
 
 Assume that after taking the ullage of a cargo 
 tank of fuel oil, 21.4 beaume gravity at 100 deg. 
 Fahr. temperature, it is found that the tank con- 
 tains 20,000 cu. ft. of oir and it is desired to de- 
 termine how many cu. ft. will be in the tank at 
 90 deg. Fahr. 
 
 Looking at above table it is seen that the co- 
 efficient for change of 1 deg. Fahr. is .0004 ; conse- 
 quently for 10 deg. Fahr. change, the co-efficient 
 will be .0004 x 10 = .004. 
 
 The change of volume is 20,000 cu. ft. 
 (times) .004 
 
 80 cu. ft. 
 The volume of oil in tank will therefore be: 
 
 ( ' \ 20,0 qa °«' « t# f™ s is subtracted beO 
 (minus; ____°y < cause temperature is > 
 
 19 920 " " ^ decreased. J 
 
 The table below is self-explanatory and will be 
 of great value in determining the weight, gallons, 
 barrels, etc., knowing the volume, temperature 
 and specific gravity, which can always be readily 
 obtained : 
 
 135 
 
291. Topping off. Tanks shall be loaded to a 
 predetermined ullage below that to be finally 
 loaded, and "topped off" afterwards to height in- 
 tended for passage. The speed of loading when 
 "topping off" shall be reduced. 
 
 292. Summer tanks and their use. Summer 
 tanks are used when a vessel is loading a light 
 cargo to obtain desired draft. Where practicable, 
 summer tanks should be loaded with oil of the 
 same grade as the tank below. If avoidable, no 
 naphtha, benzine or fuel oil should be loaded in a 
 tank directly over refined or lubricating oil, or 
 vice versa, on account of the danger of contamina- 
 tion, if leakage occur. 
 
 293. Loading summer tanks. If it be neces- 
 sary to load different oils in the summer tanks 
 than in the main tanks below them, it shall never 
 be done until the summer tank has been tested by 
 pressing oil in the main tanks well up into the ex- 
 pansion of the tank; if any leakage be noted in 
 the summer tank, it should not be used for loading 
 a different oil, but a summer tank should be se- 
 lected which successfully passes the test outlined 
 above. 
 
 Special care should be taken in loading summer 
 tanks to prevent overflow on account of their 
 small size. 
 
 294. Watch over tanks when starting to load. 
 
 When starting to load, a close watch shall be kept 
 on all tanks and compartments, in order to be 
 sure that cargo is not leaking into wrong tanks. 
 
 295. Watch over tanks that are filled. When a 
 tank is filled, a close watch should be kept to be 
 sure oil is not leaking by valves. 
 
 296. Avoid closing valves against pumps. 
 
 When closing off a valve, care shall be taken not 
 to set up a pressure in line, which may result in 
 breaking hose. The pump shall previously be 
 
 137 
 
slowed down or stopped, unless oil can be run into 
 another tank. 
 
 297. Loading over all. Loading over all is not 
 recommended, and should only be undertaken as a 
 last resort. Naphtha, gasoline, benzine or distil- 
 late shall never be loaded over all. If it becomes 
 necessary to load over all, the following precau- 
 tions shall be observed: 
 
 The lids of the hatches shall not be hooked 
 back but kept only part open. 
 
 The top of the tank hatch shall be covered 
 with tarpaulin. 
 
 The galley and fireroom doors shall be 
 closed. 
 
 298. Prevent hose chafing. The Chief Officer 
 shall exercise care in preventing the chafing of 
 hose while loading or discharging cargo. 
 
 299. Plug holes and air vents. Plug holes shall 
 be left open while loading, to allow gas and air to 
 escape, and air vent valves closed on vessels hav- 
 ing a common riser for air vent lines, and open on 
 vessels having independent air vent lines. When 
 loading is completed, plug holes shall be closed, 
 and air vent valves opened. 
 
 300. Discharging preparations. All proper 
 preparations shall be made for discharge before 
 arriving in port ; especially derricks for handling 
 cargo hose ; and clamps, nuts, bolts, spanners, etc., 
 shall be gathered together. 
 
 301. Ullages and temperatures. The Chief Of- 
 ficer, accompanied by the shore, officials, is re- 
 quired to take samples, ullages, and temperature 
 before starting to discharge. 
 
 302. Tank lids down. The tank lids shall be 
 closed, but not dogged down, during discharge, 
 and the gas vent valves open. 
 
 303. Discharging mixed cargo. When dis- 
 charging a mixed cargo, care shall be taken to see 
 that valves and master valves are properly shut, 
 
 139 
 
and the ullage of other tanks watched for leakage. 
 
 304. Inspection after discharge. After the ves- 
 sel is discharged the Master shall obtain a certi- 
 ficate from the consignee's representative to the 
 effect that all cargo is discharged or if not the 
 depth of the oil forward, aft and amidships in 
 each tank which contains oil which can not be 
 discharged. 
 
 305. Hose to be blown out. When changing 
 the grade of oil discharge, care should be taken 
 to blow out the hose to prevent mixing. 
 
 306. Care of cargo while on board. The Chief 
 Officer, under the supervision of the Captain, shall 
 take all steps necessary to avoid loss or contam- 
 ination of cargo while on board. 
 
 307. Daily ullages. Ullages of all tanks shall 
 be taken daily, when practicable, and made a mat- 
 ter of record on forms provided for the purpose. 
 
 308. Care of cargo tanks. — Tank record. The 
 Chief Officer shall keep a record of all leaks dis- 
 covered in the cargo tanks, in a book provided for 
 this purpose. 
 
 309. Pressure relief valves. Pressure relief 
 valves on cargo discharge lines, on all vessels, are 
 to be tested at least once every thirty days to 
 determine whether or not they are in good work- 
 ing condition. 
 
 These valves are to be tested to a pressure of 
 100 lbs. per square inch. The valves must so 
 function that immediate relief is given to the 
 pressure in the cargo lines by the automatic open- 
 ing of these valves at the above pressure. 
 
 You will make note in your log each time valves 
 are tested, together with any comments on the 
 operation of the same. 
 
 Kelief valves are to be blanked off during the 
 discharging or loading of Naphtha, Gasoline and 
 Refined Oil cargoes. At other times these valves 
 must be free to operate. 
 
 141 
 
Careful inspection must be made each time a 
 loading or discharging hose bursts, to see whether 
 or not the relief valve has opened, and a complete 
 report made of each case. 
 
 310. Inspection for leaks. When wiping up 
 tanks preparatory to receiving cargo, slight leaks 
 are often discovered, and, when possible, tempo- 
 rary repairs should be effected by the ship's staff 
 until the ship is in dock and permanent repairs 
 can be made. 
 
 311. Precaution before attempting emergency 
 repairs. Before attempting to work in a tank, it 
 shall be well steamed out and ventilated, to be 
 sure that all gases are out. A copper maul shall 
 be used in order to avoid making sparks while 
 working in tanks. 
 
 312. Steaming and cleaning tanks. It is a most 
 important duty of the Master and Deck officers to 
 have the tanks clean, dry and ready for cargo upon 
 arrival at loading point. The degree of cleanli- 
 ness required varies with the grade of oil to be 
 carried, the most rigid requirements being for 
 light or refined oils, and lubricating oil, as the 
 damage due to mixing or contamination is great- 
 est with these grades of oil. In case of fuel oil 
 and heavy oils, the requirements for cleanliness 
 are not as severe, but the tanks must be free of 
 water and wiped out. 
 
 To steam out the tanks the tank lids are closed, 
 but no dogs set up, and the plug caps reversed to 
 prevent pressure building up. 
 
 313. Cleaning pipe lines. In the process of 
 cleaning tanks, care should be taken to clean out 
 all pipe lines. 
 
 314. Chemist's test. Before the vessel is per- 
 mitted to go in dry dock, or have repairs made to 
 tanks, it is necessary to obtain a chemist's cer- 
 tificate that tanks are free of gas. 
 
 143 
 
315. Slops. No slops from tanks are to be 
 pumped overboard when in port, in navigable 
 rivers, or within the three-mile limit. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION OF MOLASSES 
 
 As it is possible that vessels of this Company 
 may be called upon to transport molasses, a brief 
 description of methods of handling this cargo is 
 given below. 
 
 316. Cleaning tanks. If the vessel has been 
 carrying bulk oil and is directed to prepare to 
 carry molasses, the tanks must be cleaned as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 Steam out tanks from 10 to 24 hours; the 
 length of time varies with the grade of oil pre- 
 viously carried. If previous cargo was light oil, 
 ten hours' steaming is usually sufficient; if pre- 
 vious cargo was heavy crude, 24 hours is neces- 
 sary. 
 
 After steaming, the tanks must be thoroughly 
 washed down witfi sea water thru a hose. Care 
 must be taken to wash all oil out of corners. All 
 pipe lines must be thoroughly cleaned by flushing 
 with water. All sediment or oily water must be 
 bailed out of tanks. 
 
 317. Loading. Usually molasses is loaded over- 
 all ; that is, the molasses is delivered into the top 
 of one tank and equalized in other tanks thru 
 pipe lines. Molasses is much heavier than oil; (it 
 weighs about 11% lb. per gallon), so that the 
 average oil tanker will carry full deadweight of 
 cargo in about 2/3 of the main tanks. Therefore, 
 careful attention should be given to loading the 
 vessel in order to distribute the weight of cargo, 
 so that the least strain will be on the vessel. 
 
 All air vents from tanks in which molasses is 
 loaded should be opened and kept open during en- 
 tire voyage. 
 
 318. Heater coils. Heat should never be 
 
 145 
 
turned on heater coils during transportation nor 
 at any other time. 
 
 319. Discharging. If holes in strainer .boxes 
 (rose boxes) are less than 1/2 i n - * n diameter, the 
 plates should be removed, as heavy molasses will 
 not flow freely thru holes of smaller diameter. 
 It is essential that the vessel be kept in such trim 
 that molasses will flow thru the pipe lines 
 towards the pumps when discharging molasses, as 
 it is difficult to hold suction when pumps have to 
 draw molasses "up-hill." 
 
 It is well to keep one of the main tanks near 
 pumproom full while discharging other tanks, so 
 that pumps can be primed from it in case suction 
 is lost in a tank at a distance from the pumproom. 
 This means of priming the pump is very neces- 
 sary when molasses is below pipe line, as the 
 pumps often lose their suction under these condi- 
 tions. In case molasses is very heavy, live steam 
 is used to warm up the cargo, but this should 
 never be resorted to without the consent of the 
 consignee. If permission be received from the 
 consignee to use steam, the following is the pro- 
 cedure : 
 
 Obtain a length of pipe 1 in. to IV2 i n - i n diam- 
 eter, fit a tee on the end and a length of pipe from 
 2 ft. to 3 ft. long in each opening of the tee, fit 
 caps on the ends of these tee pipes, and drill 
 about G^-in. holes in them. Lower the tee end 
 of pipe as near the suction as possible, connect 
 the other end to steam supply and turn on steam. 
 
 This will soften the molasses and facilitate dis- 
 charging cargo. 
 
 Never turn steam on heater coils as the mo- 
 lasses will be burned and solidified and necessitate 
 the use of picks and shovels to discharge cargo. 
 
 320. Scouring tanks to load oil after carrying 
 molasses. In case the vessel, after carrying mo- 
 lasses, is required to load oil, the tanks should be 
 
 147 
 
thoroughly washed out with salt water thru 
 a hose, taking special care to clean the cracks and 
 corners of the tanks. The pipe lines and pumps 
 must be thoroughly washed out. 
 
 The above method should be used whether the 
 vessel is to load refined oils or crude oils, except 
 that one good washing is usually required for 
 crude oils, and six or more washings in case of 
 refined oils. 
 
 No steam should be used either in heater coils 
 or steaming-out lines. 
 
 GENERAL 
 
 321. Report when visiting a port out of usual 
 trade. When visiting a port out of our usual 
 trade, the Master shall make a report of the fa- 
 cilities available. The following details are espe- 
 cially desired: description of approaches, depth 
 of water, method of connecting up hose, size of 
 hose used, whether reducing pieces are required 
 or not, if so, what size ; if possible, a sketch show- 
 ing the wharf and depth of water around steamer 
 at low tide and the shore pumping and/or receiv- 
 ing capacity per hour; distance of shore tanks 
 from ship, elevation of shore tanks, size and also 
 any suggestions of the Master that will tend to 
 facilitate loading and/or discharging of cargo. 
 
 322. Night quarantine inspection, Panama 
 Canal. Vessels arriving are permitted by Execu- 
 tive order, dated March 2, 1920, to obtain quaran- 
 tine during the night at the Panama Canal ; there- 
 fore you will, whenever weather and other condi- 
 tions permit, obtain quarantine upon arrival at 
 either Balboa or Colon, and proceed thru the Canal 
 without awaiting daylight. 
 
 323. Rules in Mexico. Our Company operating 
 in Mexico is not allowed to dispatch goods which 
 are not our personal property, thru the Aduana, 
 and for every violation of this law we are liable to 
 
 149 
 
a fine of from ten dollars to five hundred dollars. 
 
 324. Gratuities or commissions. Under no cir- 
 cumstances are the Master, Mates, Engineers or 
 any other members of the crew allowed to accept a 
 gratuity from any firm, supplier or contractor. 
 
 325. Courtesy. Officers and crew shall at all 
 times be polite and courteous in their dealings 
 with public officials and shore authorities and 
 workmen. 
 
 326. Reporters and press agents. Reporters 
 and press agents shall be referred to the Com- 
 pany's officials for information. 
 
 327. Promotion of personnel. The Company 
 desires wherever practicable to fill vacancies at 
 the top from men already in the service of the 
 Company. It is, therefore, to the best interest of 
 officers and men to endeavor to obtain licenses for 
 next higher rank, so that they will be available 
 when a vacancy occurs or a higher position is 
 otherwise available. 
 
 328. Taking examination. The Company will 
 co-operate in every way to facilitate the taking of 
 necessary examinations to get the license desired. 
 
 329. Report of conduct. The Reports of Con- 
 duct will be given great consideration in selecting 
 men to fill positions of higher rank, so that Mas- 
 ters and Chief Engineers must exercise their best 
 judgment in filling out these reports. 
 
 330. Items of interest for "The Lamp." It is 
 requested that items of interest, especially photo- 
 graphs of ships, loading and discharging docks, 
 etc., be forwarded to the Operations Division, 
 Standard Oil Co. (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 
 Broadway, New York, for publication in the 
 Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) magazine, 'The Lamp." 
 
 331. Annuities plan, bonus system, stock ac- 
 quisition and life insurance plans shall be given 
 publicity on board the ship in order that all may 
 be informed of the benefits. 
 
 151 
 
INDEX 
 
 Accidents, investigation of . . 16 
 
 Accidents to personnel..... 79 
 
 Accidents to vessels, etc. : 
 
 Cause of delay. . 89 
 
 Damages repaired 94 
 
 Procedure to follow in 
 
 case of 87 
 
 • Result of investigation. . . 88 
 
 Survey representation 92 
 
 Acid in boiler water 206 
 
 Agent to be notified upon 
 
 arrival 49 
 
 Air vents 299 
 
 Alcoholic liquors 266 
 
 Alien crew list 70 
 
 Alien's income tax 75 
 
 Allotments 76 
 
 Alterations in log books, . . . 159 
 
 Anchor and cables 130 
 
 Anchor buoys 132 
 
 Anchor, coming to 134 
 
 Anchor engine test 199 
 
 Anchor, turning head on... 133 
 
 Annuities plan, etc 331 
 
 Appointment, application for 77 
 
 Arriving in port 49 
 
 Assistant engineers' duties : 
 
 Assignments by chief 
 
 engineer , 176 
 
 Report misconduct, etc. . 178 
 
 Succeeds by seniority.... 177 
 
 Ballast, loading with ship in 287 
 
 Beaume gravities 290 
 
 Bilge soundings 257 
 
 Bill of health 63 
 
 Bills and invoices 224 
 
 Bills of lading 64 
 
 Bills of lading (negligence 
 
 clause) 65 
 
 Bills, signing of ; . 81 
 
 Boat station bills 260 
 
 Boiler compound 205 
 
 Boiler feed water, care of.. 204 
 
 Boiler overhaul, etc 55 
 
 Boiler repairs, etc 169 
 
 Boilers, care of : 
 
 Cleaning water side 210 
 
 Closing 213 
 
 Examination 212 
 
 Indicator cards 215 
 
 Opening 211 
 
 Safety valve test 214 
 
 Boiler, soda and kerosene in 207 
 
 Boiler water test 208 
 
 Bonus system, etc 331 
 
 Bridge, presence of master 
 
 on 22 
 
 Cargo contamination 283 
 
 Cargo, care of 306 
 
 Cargo, discharging mixed. . . 303 
 Cargo, expedite disposition of 53 
 
 Cargo, fire hazard of 280 
 
 Cargo, report of readiness 
 
 for 284 
 
 Cargo, responsibility for... 278 
 Certificate of seaworthiness. 91 
 
 Chain, heaving in 131 
 
 Charts, custody of 34 
 
 Checkers 228 
 
 Chemists' test of tanks 314 
 
 Chief engineer's custody... 86 
 
 Chief engineer's duties 161 
 
 Aboard when docking. . . . 168 
 
 Engineers' journal 170 
 
 Engineers' log 173 
 
 Fresh water supply 172 
 
 Fuel supply, etc 172 
 
 Inspection .' 166 
 
 Joining ship 163 
 
 Lubricating oil supply, etc. 172 
 
 153 
 
INDEX (Continued) 
 
 Paramount duty 1 162 
 
 Personnel 174 
 
 Presence in engine room. 167 
 
 Protest in case of im- 
 proper order 165 
 
 Repairing 169 
 
 Report misconduct, etc. . . 175 
 
 Responsibility to master. 164 
 
 Chief officer's custody 85 
 
 Chief officer's duties 102 
 
 Arrival in port 112 
 
 Assigning duties 104 
 
 Inspection 107 
 
 Joining ship 103 
 
 Leaving port Ill 
 
 Loading and discharging. 110 
 
 Navigational duties 106 
 
 Personnel 108 
 
 Reporting misconduct, etc. 109 
 
 Succeeds master 105 
 
 Chronometer corrections. ... 36 
 
 Chronometer record book. . 37 
 
 Chronometer winding 38 
 
 Clearance papers, etc 45 
 
 Clearing vessels coastwise. 67 
 
 Clocks, setting of 31 
 
 Colors, national 261 
 
 Condenser water test, etc. . 208 
 
 Conduct report 329 
 
 Confirmation of dispatches. 59 
 
 Contraband 277 
 
 Course and, speed 24 
 
 Course, change of 25 
 
 Courtesy 325 
 
 Crew list, alien 70 
 
 Crew list for immigration 
 authorities ,. . 68 
 
 Crew list, supplementary. . 71 
 
 Custody of chief engineer. . 86 
 
 Custody of chief officer. ... 85 
 
 Custody of master 84 
 
 Deck department 102 
 
 Deck log entries : 
 
 Birth 151 
 
 Caution re changes in 
 
 entries 159 
 
 Character and qualifica- 
 tions of crew 148 
 
 Collision 156 
 
 Death 150 
 
 Leaving ship 153 
 
 Marriage 152 
 
 Medical history 149 
 
 Method of making entries 157 
 
 Miscellaneous 160 
 
 Offense and punishment. . 147 
 Offenses to be prosecuted. 146 
 
 Properly kept 158 
 
 Punishment 145 
 
 Sale of deceased's effects. 155 
 
 Wages of deceased 154 
 
 Deep sea lead and sounding 
 machine 29 
 
 Delay or change in voyage. 89 
 
 Department heads, responsi- 
 bility of 3 
 
 Departments, officers in 
 
 charge 2 
 
 Discharging mixed cargo.. 303 
 
 Discharging preparations... 114 
 
 "... 300 
 
 Documents re G. A. expense 100 
 
 E 
 
 Electric lights and flash- 
 lights 245 
 
 Emergency repairs 311 
 
 Emergency steering gear... 138 
 
 Engineroom telegraph 196 
 
 Engineers' department .... 161 
 
 Engineers' department, econ- 
 omy in 190 
 
 Engineers' department, pre- 
 cautions in 192 
 
 Engineers' department, sug- 
 gestions for economy in.. 191 
 
 Engineers' journal 170 
 
 Engineers' log 173 
 
 Engineer watch officer's 
 duties : 
 Breakdowns, etc 182 
 
 154 
 
INDEX (Continued) 
 
 Danger when relieving. . . 185 
 
 Maintain speed 180 
 
 Remains in boiler or 
 
 engine room f. . 186 
 
 Represents chief engineer 179 
 
 Signals from bridge 181 
 
 Unusual expenditures of 
 
 fuel, etc 183 
 
 When relieved 184 
 
 Equipment, navigational.... 39 
 
 Equipment, test of 46 
 
 Expansion of oil 290 
 
 Expenses incurred thru ac- 
 cident, etc 101 
 
 Extended voyage 225 
 
 F 
 
 Files, keeping ship's 61 
 
 Fire drill and equipment. . . 239 
 
 Fire fighting apparatus, re- 
 sponsibility for . . . . 248 
 
 Fires, means for extinguish- 
 ing 249 
 
 Fires out when jettisoning. 96 
 
 Fires, sand for 251 
 
 Fire station bills 260 
 
 Flag, quarantine 262 
 
 Flashlights 245 
 
 Food inspection 259 
 
 Foreign port, paying off in. . .74 
 
 Freezing, precautions against 250 
 
 Fresh water 83 
 
 Fresh water supply 172 
 
 Fuel supply, etc 172 
 
 Fumigation 276 
 
 G 
 
 Gas helmets 240 
 
 Gas helmets, purpose of . . . . 243 
 
 General average 99 
 
 Gratuities or commissions. . 324 
 
 Grease extractors 209 
 
 H 
 
 Hand steering gear test. ... 140 
 Harbor regulations 263 
 
 Harter act (negligence 
 clause) 65 
 
 Heaving in chain 131 
 
 Hose chafing, preventing. . . 298 
 Hose connections at exposed 
 
 berths 288 
 
 Hose outlets and fittings... 143 
 
 Hose to be blown out 305 
 
 Hydrographic office reports. 48 
 
 Indicator cards 215 
 
 Inspection after discharge.. 304 
 
 Inspection, captain's 9 
 
 Inspection of food, etc 259 
 
 Inspection of movable gear. 141 
 
 Insurance of personnel, etc. 331 
 
 Insurance of vessels 98 
 
 Investigation of accidents. . 16 
 
 Jettisoning cargo 
 Joining ship, Master's. 
 
 95 
 5 
 
 "Lamp, The" 330 
 
 Lead, use of 28 
 
 Leaks, inspection for 310 
 
 Leave in safe port 265 
 
 Leave of absence 56 
 
 Leaving port, duties on.... 41 
 Liability, master not to ad- 
 mit 93 
 
 License, increase in 328 
 
 Lights, no naked 246 
 
 Loading and discharging. . . 114 
 Loading and discharging, 
 
 knowledge of 279 
 
 Loading and discharging 
 
 signals 281 
 
 Loading over all 297 
 
 Loading preparations 282 
 
 Loading signal test 286 
 
 Loading with ballast on 
 board 287 
 
 155 
 
INDEX (Continued) 
 
 1 
 
 Log, punishment entered in. 14 
 Lookouts 6 
 
 Lungmotor and gas helmets 240 
 Lungmotor instruction, etc. 241 
 Lungmotor, purpose of . . . . 242 
 
 M 
 
 Machinery overhaul 55 
 
 Machinery, repairs to 169 
 
 Machinist, duties of 189 
 
 Main engine and helm se- 
 cured 52 
 
 Main engine test. 198 
 
 Main engine trial 171 
 
 Manifest 66 
 
 Marine department cable 
 
 address 58 
 
 Marine hospitals 19 
 
 Master in command 1 
 
 Master on bridge 22 
 
 Master, owner's representa- 
 tive 4 
 
 Master's custody 84 
 
 Master's paramount duty. . . 20 
 
 Master to be informed of 
 
 repairs 234 
 
 Master, upon joining ship. . 5 
 
 Matches, safety 247 
 
 Mates' duties : 
 
 Assignment by chief 
 
 officer 115 
 
 Reporting misconduct, etc. 116 
 
 Meals 258 
 
 Meals, extra 226 
 
 Medical assistance . 18 
 
 Medicine chest 17 
 
 Mexico, rules in 323 
 
 Misconduct of personnel. ... 12 
 
 Molasses, transportation of: 
 
 Cleaning tanks 316 
 
 Discharging 319 
 
 Heater coils 318 
 
 Loading 317 
 
 Loading oil after a cargo 
 
 of molasses , . . . 320 
 
 Mooring lines, old, returned 139 
 Movable gear inspection... 141 
 
 N 
 
 Navigational equipment. ... 39 
 
 Navigation duty, paramount 20 
 
 Night order book 30 
 
 Noon reports ...... 256 
 
 Notify chief officer and 
 
 engineer re sailing 43 
 
 Noting protest 90 
 
 Oil and acid effects in boiler 
 
 water 206 
 
 Oil expansion 290 
 
 Organization, tank steamer : 
 
 Master 1 
 
 Departments 2 
 
 Head of departments. ... 3 
 
 Overhaul of machinery and 
 
 boilers 55 
 
 Owner's representative 4 
 
 Package goods, shipment of 254 
 
 Painting regulations 144 
 
 Panama Canal, night quar- 
 antine 322 
 
 Paramount duty of master. 20 
 Paying off in foreign port. 74 
 
 Payroll 73 
 
 Personnel, annuities, bonus, 
 
 stock and insurance 331 
 
 Personnel, grievances of . . . . 11 
 Personnel, ill, injured or de- 
 ceased 79 
 
 Personnel, instruction to... 252 
 Personnel, in tanks, etc. . . . 202 
 Personnel, medical assist- 
 ance of 18 
 
 Personnel, misconduct of . . . 12 
 Personnel, punishment of... 13 
 
 156 
 
INDEX (Continued) 
 
 Personnel, safeguarding. ... 200 
 
 Personnel, welfare of 10 
 
 Personnel, work of engi- 
 neering 216 
 
 Photographs of officers. . . 78 
 
 Pilot does not relieve master 
 
 of responsibility 35 
 
 Pilot on leaving port 45 
 
 Pipe lines, cleaning of 313 
 
 Plug holes and air vents. . . 299 
 
 Pollution of waters 263 
 
 " 315 
 
 Port crew 264 
 
 Position, ship's 33 
 
 Preparations for port 50 
 
 Preservation of interior 
 
 structure 142 
 
 Press agents 326 
 
 Pressure relief valves 309 
 
 Private trading prohibited. . 273 
 
 Promotions 327 
 
 Property, economy and pro- 
 tection of 8 
 
 Pumpman, duties of 187 
 
 Pumpman, knowledge of 
 
 loading, etc 279 
 
 Pumpman, when signing on 188 
 
 Q 
 
 Quarantine, flag 
 
 262 
 
 Rat guards 113 
 
 Receipts, signing of 81 
 
 Record book for chronometer 37 
 
 Record of, sights 32 
 
 Records, master's responsi- 
 bility for 15 
 
 Records of paramount im- 
 portance 62 
 
 Red flag or light displayed. 281 
 
 Refrigerator temperatures. . 217 
 
 Relief valves 309. 
 
 Repairs, emergency 311 
 
 Repairs, general : 
 
 Checkers 228 
 
 Foreign ports 233 
 
 Master to be informed. . . 234 
 
 New York 230 
 
 Outports and Tampico. . . 232 
 
 Procedure 229 
 
 Requirements 227 
 
 U. S. ports except New 
 
 York 231 
 
 Wireless 235 
 
 Repairs of damages thru 
 
 accident 94 
 
 Repairs to steam lines, etc. 203 
 
 Reporters or press agents. . 326 
 
 Report of accident to vessel 98 
 
 Report of conduct 329 
 
 Reports, list of 80 
 
 Reports, noon 256 
 
 Reports, ship's papers, etc. 57 
 Report, when visiting a port 
 
 out of usual trade 321 
 
 Restricted waters, caution 
 
 in 27 
 
 Rules of the road 21 
 
 " " " 129 
 
 S 
 
 Safety precautions : 
 
 Cargo 280 
 
 Demonstration and prac- 
 tice 244 
 
 Fire drills and equip- 
 ment 239 
 
 Lungmotors and gas hel- 
 mets 240 
 
 Matches 247 
 
 No exemptions 255 
 
 Package goods, shipment 
 
 of 254 
 
 Personnel, instructions to. 252 
 
 Sand 251 
 
 Signals to men in tanks, 
 
 etc 243 
 
 Smothering lines 2 53 
 
 Strict observance 238 
 
 Safety valve test 214 
 
 Sailing time 54 
 
 Salvage 97 
 
 Sanitation 10 
 
 Seaworthiness 41 
 
 157 
 
INDEX (Continued) 
 
 Seaworthiness certificate. . . 
 
 Secured for sea 
 
 Ship's papers 
 
 Ship's position under way. . 
 
 Sickness or injury 
 
 Sights, record of 
 
 Signals, test of 
 
 Signing on new crew 
 
 Slack tanks 
 
 Slop chest articles 
 
 Slop chest, cost of purchas- 
 ing 
 
 Slop chest, master's profit. . 
 Slop chest, master provides. 
 Slop chests, when required. 
 
 Slops 
 
 Smoking 
 
 Smothering lines 
 
 Smuggling 
 
 Soda and kerosene in boiler 
 Soundings 
 
 Spare parts 
 
 Speed 
 
 Speed, change of 
 
 Speed, in thick weather. . . . 
 
 Steam lines, etc., taking 
 down 
 
 Steam lines, water in 
 
 Steam smothering lines.... 
 
 Steering engine test 
 
 Steering gear, emergency. . . 
 
 Steering gear, hand 
 
 Steward's department : 
 
 Condemned stores 
 
 Duties of steward 
 
 Inventory 
 
 Opening freezing rooms, 
 etc 
 
 Stores, issue of 
 
 Stock acquisition plan 
 
 Store lists 
 
 Stores, condemned 
 
 Stores, inventory of 
 
 Stores, issue of 
 
 Stores, receiving on board . . 
 Stowaways 
 
 If 
 
 91 
 
 44 
 
 57 
 
 33 
 
 79 
 
 32 
 
 197 
 
 69 
 
 289 
 
 271 
 
 270 
 
 272 
 
 269 
 
 268 
 
 315 
 
 267 
 
 253 
 
 277 
 
 20? 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 237 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 203 
 194 
 285 
 199 
 138 
 140 
 
 221 
 218 
 
 222 
 
 220 
 219 
 331 
 
 72 
 221 
 222 
 219 
 
 82 
 274 
 
 Submarine cable, damage to 135 
 Submarine signaling device. 236 
 Summer tanks, loading of.. 293 
 
 Summer tanks, use of 292 
 
 Supplementary crew list... 71 
 
 Supplies, ample 42 
 
 Supplies, purchase of 223 
 
 Survey, other party repre- 
 sented 92 
 
 Tank lids down . 302 
 
 Tanks, care of cargo. ...... 308 
 
 Tanks, chemist's test 314 
 
 Tanks, steaming of 312 
 
 Tanks, watching filled 295 
 
 Tanks, watch over while 
 
 loading 294 
 
 Telegraph, engine room.... 196 
 
 Temperatures before dis- 
 charging 301 
 
 Test before getting under 
 
 way 136 
 
 Test signals 197 
 
 Thick weather, restricted 
 
 waters 27 
 
 Thick weather, speed in. . . . 26 
 
 Tides, stage of 51 
 
 Time for sailing 54 
 
 Topping off 291 
 
 Tugs and pilot 45 
 
 Turbine reduction sets 193 
 
 U 
 
 Ullages 257 
 
 Ullages fcefore discharging. 301 
 
 Ullages, daily 307 
 
 Unventilated compartments. 202 
 U. S. Steamboat Inspection 
 
 Service Rules 7 
 
 Vacuum in boilers 201 
 
 Valves, avoid closing against 
 pumps 296 
 
 158 
 
INDEX (Continued) 
 
 Valves, marking 1 14 4 A 
 
 Vigilance, continual 195 
 
 Voyage, extended - 225 
 
 W 
 
 Watch officer, chart for. ... 34 
 
 Watch officer, general : 
 
 Anchor and cables 130 
 
 Rules of the road 129 
 
 Watch officer's duties : 
 
 Authority in emergency.. 118 
 
 Duty on relieving- 125 
 
 In case of danger when 
 
 relieving- 128 
 
 Inspection of ship 127 
 
 Navigational} duties 122 
 
 Remains on bridge 126 
 
 Represents master 117 
 
 Safety of ship 123 
 
 Sighting land, etc 121 
 
 Soundings 124 
 
 Unusual weather 120 
 
 Vessel in danger 119 
 
 Water in steam lines 194 
 
 Weather conditions 23 
 
 Weather forecasts 47 
 
 Winch or windlass ends, 
 
 improper use of 137 
 
 Winch test 199 
 
 Wireless direction finders. . 40 
 Wireless operator, ship's 
 
 clerk 60 
 
 Wireless repairs 235 
 
 Wives on board 275 
 
 Zinc plates 204 
 
 Form 23— 6887-S2766 
 
 159 
 
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