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Biographical Sketch 
 
 Joseph M. Toner, M,D, 
 
 OF WASHINGTON 
 
 THOMAS ANTISELL, M. D 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 3 
 
 V 
 
 RFJPRINT FROM THE MEMORIAL VOLUME OF THE ROCKY 
 MOUNTAIN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 LANCASTER, PA.: 
 PRESS OF INQUIRER P. & P. CO. 
 * 1878. 
 
 Qj 
 

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 
 
 OF 
 
 JOSEPH M. TONER, M. D. 
 
 TONER, JOSEPH MEREDITH, M. D., of Wash- 
 ington, D. C, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., April 30, 
 1825. He is the elder of two sons, the only surviv- 
 ing children of Meredith and Ann (Layton) Toner. 
 Both his parents were natives of the State of Pennsyl- 
 vania. His father grew up in Lancaster County, and 
 was raised to agriculture. His mother, Ann, daugh- 
 ter of James Layton, was born in Fayette county, 
 near the present site of Layton Station, on the Con- 
 nellsville Railroad. 
 
 The subject of this sketch received his early educa- 
 tion at the common schools of the city of Pittsburgh, 
 and of Westmoreland county, his childhood being 
 passed partly in each of these localities. Subse- 
 quently he attended the Western Pennsylvania Uni- 
 versity for a year, and was then sent to Mount St. 
 Mary's College, where he continued his studies for 
 two years longer, but left without having completed 
 a classical course. After this he engaged in mercan- 
 tile pursuits for a short time, but as his mind devel- 
 oped he was gradually led to a recognition of a pref- 
 erence for the medical profession. 
 
 (3) 
 
4 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 In the autumn of 1847 ne began the study of med- 
 icine with Dr. John Lowman, the leading physician 
 of Johnstown, Pa. The office of his preceptor offered 
 exceptionally good opportunities for a certain class of 
 clinical instruction. It was usual in those days for 
 the senior student to compound his preceptor's pre- 
 scriptions to assist in surgical operations, and occasion- 
 ally to visit with him the sick-room. 
 
 Dr. Toner attended his first course of lectures at the 
 Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in the winter 
 of 1849-50. At the close of this term, he entered 
 (March 1, 1850,) the Vermont Medical College at 
 Woodstock, and received the degree of Doctor of 
 Medicine from this institution in June, 1850. In July 
 of this year he began to practice at Summitville, a vil- 
 lage of about three hundred and fifty or four hundred 
 inhabitants, situated at the summit of the Alleghany 
 mountains, on the Portage Railroad, in Cambria 
 county, Pa. 
 
 The physician who had practiced in this place for 
 many years (Dr. Christy) had died in the previous 
 month. A circuit of about ten miles was thus left 
 without a medical man, which Dr. Toner was solicited 
 and advised to occupy. The building of the Penn- 
 sylvania Central Railroad through the Alleghany 
 mountains began about this time, giving an impetus 
 to business and causing a temporary increase of pop- 
 ulation of the village and its vicinity. The Doctor 
 soon found his time fully occupied in general practice. 
 As might be expected on heavy railroad work, such 
 as that on this mountain, many accidents occurred, 
 requiring prompt surgical interference, much of which 
 
J. M. TONEK, M. D. 5 
 
 fell to his care. This led him for the time to give 
 a preference to surgery, and induced him to spend 
 another winter in Philadelphia, to further perfect him- 
 self in that branch. Alter attending this, a third 
 course of lectures, he received the degree of M. D., 
 from Jefferson Medical College, in the spring of 1853. 
 In the fall of the same year he removed to the city of 
 Pittsburgh, and was in practice there during the chol- 
 era epidemic of 1854. 
 
 Although his prospect of acquiring a fair practice 
 was encouraging, he determined to go South, and 
 after spending a few months with his mother on the 
 homestead farm in Westmoreland county, at the ear- 
 nest invitation of a college friend, the Hon. William 
 Walsh, now of Cumberland, Md., he removed in 
 1855 to Harper's Ferry, Va. At this place in a 
 short time he was busily engaged in practice. While 
 located there during the autumn of this year, the 
 yellow fever prevailed at Norfolk, Va., and Dr. Toner 
 tendered his services to that afflicted city, but suffi- 
 cient medical aid had previously been secured. But 
 a residence of six months at Harper's Ferry convinced 
 him that the place was too small for any considerable 
 professional advancement. He accordingly took up 
 his present residence in Washington on the 7th of 
 November, 1855. 
 
 An earnest student himself, Dr. Toner earlv be- 
 came sensible of the embarrassment to the acquisition 
 of knowledge, caused by a want of books. He there- 
 fore began the collection of a medical library, which 
 has grown to be one of the largest and most valuable 
 private collections in the country, and certainly south 
 
6 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 of Philadelphia. He has succeeded in bringing together 
 much of the literature on cholera, yellow fever, and 
 the other epidemics which have visited our country. 
 The local histories of cities, towns, counties, and of 
 the states, as they contain much medical biography, 
 accounts of local epidemics and topographical infor- 
 mation, are for this reason included in his library. 
 His collection of American medical journals is the 
 most complete in the country, if we except that of 
 the library of the Surgeon-General, and that of Dr. 
 Purple, of New York. 
 
 He conceived the idea of forming a subject index 
 of the contents of all the American medical journals, 
 and has completed the task up to 1870, covering sixty- 
 five complete files, thus greatly increasing their value 
 for reference. This index includes everything of im- 
 portance contained in them, whether original or 
 selected matter, and thus differs from a somewhat 
 similar work which is being carried on by Dr. Billings 
 of the Surgeon-General's Office. Dr. Toner's work 
 is an index, properly so-called, which will be of 
 special value to all possessors of files of the leading 
 American medical periodicals, while the work of Dr. 
 Billings is rather a catalogue of all original papers 
 alone in medical journals of all languages. 
 
 Dr. Toner has been an active collector of the con- 
 tributions of American medical authors, particularly 
 those of early date. He has also paid attention to 
 the collection of reports and Transactions of State and 
 local medical societies, the publications of various 
 boards of health, and other matters pertaining in any 
 wise to medical and sanitary science. His library 
 
J. M. TONER, M. D. 7 
 
 has always been at the service of the profession of 
 Washington. In 1865, on the appearance of cholera 
 in the United States, the Doctor published a list of 
 the works in his collection treating upon this disease, 
 and tendering their use to the profession. He had 
 numerous applications from a distance; the books 
 were sent by mail or by express as requested. They 
 were all returned without loss or injury. It may be 
 added that the Doctor has shown not only judgment 
 in collecting, but also ability in using his books, as is 
 shown by his several publications. 
 
 When engaged on special studies, Dr. Toner may 
 be found at his desk at almost any hour of the day or 
 night, with literally stacks of books around him. He 
 has almost daily applications for information by med- 
 ical gentlemen residing in different parts of the coun- 
 try, who are engaged in special studies. The very 
 general recognition of his ability and readiness to help 
 others has imposed upon him much labor and a very 
 large correspondence. 
 
 The Doctor is fond of statistics, and has skill to 
 analyze what would be to many persons incongruous 
 data, and to classify and bring together related facts 
 and reduce them into comprehensive tables or dia- 
 grams. His extensive range of reading and familiar- 
 ity with medical literature and the wants of the pro- 
 fession are constantly leading him into new lines of 
 inquiry, which he pursues with earnestness and suc- 
 cess. 
 
 Shortly after coming to Washington, Dr. Toner be- 
 came connected with the Medical Society, and also 
 with the Medical Association of the District of 
 
b BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Columbia, and has been an active co-laborer in them, 
 and has been honored by them with their highest 
 offices. On retiring from the Presidency of the Med- 
 ical Society, in 1870, in accordance with the usage of 
 that body, he read an address, in which he discussed 
 the vital statistics of the United States from the foun- 
 dation of the government to 1870. A synopsis of 
 the part of this paper which related to population was 
 published with plates and diagrams by the Bureau of 
 Education, in 1872. 
 
 The Medical Society of the District of Columbia 
 was chartered by Congress in 18 17, but anterior to 
 1862 it exhibited but little enterprise, rarely meeting 
 oftener than once or twice a year, to elect officers and 
 and to preserve its chartered existence. About this 
 time a few active spirits, among whom was the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, conceived the idea of arousing it 
 into a recognition of the fact that it was a literary as 
 well as a licensing body. The attempt was success- 
 ful ; the society awoke to active exertions, and has 
 continued to hold weekly meetings, where pathological 
 specimens are exhibited and described, and papers on 
 medical subjects are read and discussed. 
 
 Since 1864 the Doctor has been a member of and 
 a constant attendant at the meetings of the American 
 Medical Association. He has served on various im- 
 portant committees, read papers at its meetings, and 
 has interested himself in the current proceedings 
 and deliberations of the body. He was elected Pres- 
 ident in 1873, and in the following June, at Detroit, 
 he delivered a well-considered and suggestive address, 
 which elicited commendatory notices from the medi- 
 
JOSEPH M. TONER, M. D. 9 
 
 cal press of the country. Few professional men are 
 more thoroughly familiar with the interests and 
 objects of the association and are more zealous to 
 promote its efficiency for good than Dr. Toner. 
 
 Aware of the perishable character of much of our 
 early original medical literature which has been issued 
 only in pamphlets and journals, and feeling the neces- 
 sity of an extensive and convenient national medical 
 repository which should be under the management of 
 and available to the profession at large, he devised the 
 scheme for a repository of medical works that should be 
 under the control of the profession of the United States, 
 and be located at the national capital. As initiative 
 of the project, he in 1868 prepared a resolution to 
 consider the matter, which was adopted by the As- 
 sociation. A committee was appointed to report at 
 the next meeting "on the practicability of the estab- 
 lishment of a library of American medical works, in- 
 cluding books, monographs, periodicals," etc., by the 
 American Medical Association. The Doctor was made 
 chairman of the committee, and in 1869, his report 
 was read at New Orleans, in which he strongly recom- 
 mended the measure. The report also set forth the 
 means by which such a collection might be formed 
 and augmented. It was accepted by the Association, 
 and the formation of a " national medical library" was 
 commenced. This collection of works is now depos- 
 ited in a room at the Smithsonian Institution, and has 
 reached the number of about two thousand volumes, 
 including pamphlets. Since that time, the " Library 
 of the Surgeon-General," as it is usually termed, has 
 been created. This collection is properly a branch of 
 
10 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 the Library of Congress, though at present under the 
 care of the Surgeon-General of the army. Through 
 the energy and ability of Surgeon J. S. Billings, it has 
 been brought to extraordinary completeness, and 
 being opened to the profession of the country has, to 
 some extent, superseded the necessity of immediate or 
 special exertions in founding the medical repository of 
 the American Medical Association, the one to some de- 
 gree appearing to duplicate the purposes of the other. 
 But a perusal of the report referred to and the accom- 
 panying documents will not fail to impress the idea 
 that the formation of a great American library is here 
 foreshadowed, and that the National Medical Library, 
 under the care of the Surgeon-General, and the pride 
 of the profession of the United States, has resulted 
 from the action of the American Medical Association. 
 As evidencing the consideration the subject of this 
 sketch has given to the efficient working of the 
 American Medical Association, we will allude to his 
 action in 1 865, in proposing an amendment to the 
 plan of organization, which secured an increased 
 annual assessment on each member, This furnishes 
 a fund that enables the society to pay all its current 
 expenses, including rent of a meeting hall and the 
 publication of its Transactions. Harassing appeals 
 for additional contributions and dependence upon 
 eleemosynary aid from members and from the profes- 
 sion at the localities visited, were thus dispensed with, 
 thereby elevating the society at once to the plane of 
 an independent and self-sustaining body, and making 
 it a welcome visitor to every city. His counsel for 
 good in the affairs of the association is not confined to 
 
JOSEPH M. TONER, M. D. II 
 
 this measure alone, but may be seen in nearly every vol- 
 ume of the society's Transactions, and his judgment 
 is appreciated by all the leading members and friends 
 of progressive medicine throughout the United States. 
 Prompted by a desire to encourage students to 
 aspire to a higher and more scientific education in the 
 profession, and being impressed with the idea that 
 much remained to be effected for the encouragement 
 of special and original studies, perhaps through other 
 means than those in vogue, Dr. Toner founded in 
 1872, by endowment, the "Toner Lectures." "Be- 
 lieving," writes the founder, "that the advancement of 
 science (that is, a knowledge of the laws of nature, in 
 any part of her domain), and specially such discoveries 
 as contribute to the advancement of medicine, tend to 
 ameliorate the condition of mankind," he therefore 
 set aside a fund, the interest of which was mainly to 
 be used in maintaining the "Toner Lectures," to be 
 delivered annually in Washington, to consist of a 
 series of discoveries, memoirs or lectures, which 
 "should contain some new truth or discovery, based 
 on original investigation," which were, if approved, to 
 be published. This fund has been placed under the 
 control of five trustees. Six lectures have already 
 been delivered. They have all been accepted for pub- 
 lication "as additions to knowledge," and printed by 
 the Smithsonian Institution. This is the first attempt 
 to endow a course of lectures based on the conditions 
 of adding new facts for the advancement of medicine, 
 and it is heartily to be desired, that it will continue to 
 occupy the advance ground of medical progress and 
 encourage original research. 
 
12 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 With the same philanthropic desire to induce stu- 
 dents to work on original lines of investigation and 
 by experiment, and to make discoveries, to promote 
 laudable emulation among them, he has furnished for 
 three years a gold medal which was competed for 
 by the students of Jefferson Medical College. This 
 medal to be awarded for the best thesis embodying 
 the results of original investigation, experiment, or 
 research in some branch of medical science. On 
 the occasion of the presentation of the first one in 
 March, 1875, the Doctor made a k\v pertinent re- 
 marks, very tersely setting forth his views in regard 
 to the value of experiment and research, and their 
 necessity for scientific advancement, and his belief that 
 the most brilliant successes in this direction are to be 
 achieved by the young men of the profession. These 
 remarks are published at length in the Philadelphia 
 Medical and Surgical Reporter of that date. 
 
 He has also for some years past, placed at the dis- 
 posal of the Faculty of the University of Georgetown, 
 D. C, a medal, to be awarded at the annual com- 
 mencement, to the student showing the greatest pro- 
 ficiency in the natural and physical sciences. 
 
 When the increasing density of population in our 
 cities began seriously to threaten the stability of 
 the public health and sanitary science and their in- 
 fluence in preventing diseases began to be discussed, 
 Dr. Toner's attention was at once drawn to the study 
 of preventive medicine. He soon gave several essays 
 and monographs to the public, including papers on 
 malarious, endemic, or septicemic poisons. Beginning 
 in 1865 with the consideration of compulsory vaccina- 
 
JOSEPH M. TONER, M. D. I 3 
 
 tion, he followed with papers on cholera, quarantine, 
 yellow fever, and other contagious diseases. Later he 
 published his " Dictionary of Elevations and Climatic 
 Register," a convenient repository of facts of value to 
 writers in studying the geographical distribution of 
 disease, giving the elevation of many thousands of 
 localities and their mean annual temperature, and of 
 rain-fall, so that all observers might see theirinfluence, 
 if any, on health and mortality. 
 
 The American Public Health Association grew out 
 of the necessity for a union of experienced sanitarians 
 to enforce hygiene in large cities, and to indicate the 
 proper and most effectual mode of bringing sanitary 
 appliances and laws into operation. The election of 
 Dr. Toner, in 1874, as President of that body, was a 
 tribute paid to him as one of the oldest and earliest 
 workers in that field. 
 
 His paper, the "Statistics of Boards of Health of 
 the United States," published in 1874, and his address 
 as retiring President of the Association in 1875, upon 
 the " Leading Public Health Questions, etc.," are valu- 
 able contributions to the literature of preventive med- 
 icine, and show how carefully and extensively he col- 
 lects his facts, and how widely and aptly he applies 
 the principles of the science of hygiene. 
 
 The Doctor has perhaps been the most successful 
 biographer, thus far, of the medical profession of 
 the United States. There is no error in asserting 
 that no physician in the country has made himself 
 equally conversant with the early American medical 
 literature, and the progress of medicine in our country 
 since its first settlement, or has been so assiduous in 
 
14 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 the collection and preservation of reminiscences of 
 l^the lives of our departed and illustrious Nestors. 
 Brochures on medical history and biography have 
 from time to time been published by him, and all have 
 been well received by the profession and the public. 
 Prominent among them are " Necrology of the Phy- 
 sicians of the late War," "Annals of Medical Progress 
 in the United States," " Medical Men of the Revolu- 
 tion," and his "Address on Biography" before the Cen- 
 tennial International Medical Congress in 1876, be- 
 sides many other necrological monographs, which are 
 but the outcroppings of a more important work in 
 course of preparation, namely, "A Biographical Dic- 
 tionary of Deceased American Physicians," for which 
 over four thousand sketches are ready for the press. 
 
 As an author he has been fortunate in his themes, 
 choosing subjects which will have a lasting interest to 
 the profession. He is noted for his love of definite 
 facts and the extreme care he takes to verify refer- 
 ences ; and while writing on any subject has piles of 
 books about him far beyond the capacity of his desk 
 and book-racks, often loading the chairs and littering 
 the floor of his office. Dr. Toner has received from 
 his friends the appellation of "the Fact Hunter," which 
 tersely expresses a prominent mental characteristic. 
 His taste for statistics and capacity for originality 
 of method in demonstration are shown in various 
 studies, and particularly in his diagrams to repre- 
 sent the preponderance of sex in the population 
 and the decline of the birth-rate by decades in the 
 United States; in the map showing the localities vis- 
 ited by yellow fever; and in the conception of a plan 
 
JOSEPH M. TONER, M. D. 1$ 
 
 for a systematic geographical classification of the 
 States, and the adaptation of a set of symbols to be 
 used after the name of a locality which shall indicate 
 its geographical position. The principle is applicable 
 to a nation, a State, a county, or other political divi- 
 sion, thus greatly simplifying the finding of a place on 
 a map by giving a mental indication of a locality by 
 an affix of a symbol to the name. This method has 
 been adopted by the Post Office Department and in- 
 corporated in their Directory to designate the locali- 
 ties of the counties in each State in the Union. 
 
 He is an authority in nearly all matters relating to 
 the history of medicine, medical biography, and the 
 local history of the District of Columbia. 
 
 His address in 1866, before the Medical Society of 
 the District of Columbia, contains a very full and ac- 
 curate history of medical matters in that locality from 
 the time it was chosen as the seat of the General Gov- 
 ernment. Some time ago he furnished, from his col- 
 lection of maps and rare records, data which enabled 
 the compilation of the map which accompanies the 
 work entitled, " Washington in Embryo," which shows 
 the plots and boundary lines of the farms as they ex- 
 isted when the city of Washington was laid out. 
 
 The Doctor has always identified himself actively 
 with the public charities of the city. After the burning 
 of the Washington Infirmary in 1 861, it was at his 
 instance that the Sisters of Charity founded what is 
 now known as Providence Hospital. The " Nicholson 
 House" was temporarily fitted up by them and opened 
 as a hospital, which he attended for some years. He 
 was also one of the originators of St. Ann's Infant 
 
 / 
 
1 6 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Asylum, which was first opened in a building on 
 Pennsylvania Avenue, formerly " Maher's Hotel.", In 
 i860 he succeeded Dr. John Dyer as medical attend- 
 ant to St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum, where he 
 served for many years. From the foundation of St. 
 Joseph's Male Orphan Asylum in 1856, he has been 
 and still is the attending physician. He is also physi- 
 cian to other educational and benevolent institutions 
 in Washington. He has on several occasions been 
 solicited to accept professorships in different medical 
 colleges, but has always declined, preferring to enjoy 
 the quiet current of professional life and duty. 
 
 Some time ago, the Doctor tendered his valuable 
 library to the profession of Pittsburgh, upon the con- 
 dition that they provide for it a fire-proof building 
 which should bear his name. Although appreciat- 
 ing the offer, the medical men were unable to raise 
 the means required. But the Western Pennsylvania 
 University, located in Allegheny City, offered to com- 
 ply with all the conditions. The Doctor, however, 
 prefers the library to be under the sole charge of the 
 medical profession. He next tendered it to the pro- 
 fession of St. Louis, which has also failed to comply 
 with the terms, and it is now under a similar proffer 
 to the city of Chicago. 
 
 Dr.. Toner has not married, but lives in his own 
 house, in a comfortable, unostentatious manner, sur- 
 rounded by his books, where he dispenses a quiet 
 hospitality to his friends. The Austrian Universal 
 Exposition, held in Vienna, awarded the Doctor a 
 Medal of Merit with a Diploma, for contributions 
 relating to medical matters in the United States. 
 
JOSEPH M. TONER, M. D. 1 7 
 
 He has at different times visited the more noted 
 places in the United States and Canada for pleasure 
 and relaxation, or in the pursuit of a more practical 
 knowledge of the physical geography and climatic 
 peculiarities of North America. In 187 1 his trip to 
 the Pacific gave him a coveted opportunity to realize 
 something of the vastness of the continent and to ob- 
 serve the influence of altitude and climate on vegeta- 
 tion and animal life along the line of the great trans- 
 continental highway. After the adjournment of the 
 American Medical Association he made hurried visits 
 to a few of the more celebrated resorts and wonders 
 in California, arid stopped one day at Salt Lake City 
 en route home. 
 
 Dr. Toner is still in the enjoyment of good health, 
 and wields a vigorous pen, and we may confidently 
 hope for new and valuable contributions from him. 
 Sketches of his life have appeared in Allibone's Dic- 
 tionary of Authors, Johnson's New Encyclopaedia, the 
 Northwestern Medical and Surgical Journal, etc. 
 
 Dr. Toner is a member of the Medical Society of 
 the District of Columbia, of the Medical Association 
 of the District of Columbia, of the American Medical 
 Association, since 1864; of the American Public 
 Health Association ; of the Philosophical Society of 
 Washington, and of the Alumni Association of Jeffer- 
 son Medical College ; an honorary member of the 
 California State Medical Society, of the New York 
 State Medical Society, of the Wisconsin Historical 
 Society, and of the Detroit Academy of Medicine ; 
 a corresponding member of the Gynaecological Society 
 of Boston, of the Virginia Historical Society, of the 
 
1 8 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 
 
 Albany Institute, of the College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons of Little Rock ; a visitor to the Government 
 Hospital for the Insane, and Patron of the Toner Scien- 
 tific Circle of Georgetown College. 
 
 The following is a list of Dr. Toner's chief publica- 
 tions, and which may be found in the Catalogue of 
 the Surgeon- General's Library : 
 
 " Abortion in a Medical and Moral Aspect." Medical and Surgical 
 Reporter, January, 1861. 
 
 "Arrest of Development of the Cranial Bones, followed by Epi- 
 lepsy." Medical and Surgical Reporter, April, 1861. 
 
 " Maternal Instinct or Love." i2mo. Baltimore, 1864. 
 
 " Propriety and Necessity of Compulsory Vaccination." Trans- 
 actions of the American Medical Association, and in pamphlet form, 
 1865. 
 
 " History of Inoculation in Pennsylvania." Transactions of the 
 Pennsylvania State Medical Society, and in pamphlet form, 1865. 
 
 "Anniversary Oration before Medical Society, District of Colum- 
 bia," 1866. 8vo. pamphlet in 1869. 
 
 " Portability of Cholera and Necessity of Quarantine," 1866. Joint 
 Paper with Chas. A. Lee, M. D. In New York Medical Record. 
 
 " History of Inoculation in Massachusetts." Transactions Massa- 
 chusetts Medical Society, 1867. 
 
 " Medical Register of the District of Columbia." i2mo. Wash- 
 ington, D. C, 1867. 
 
 "Address at the Dedication of Medical Hall, Washington." In the 
 Baltimore Medical Bulletin, February 15, 1869. 
 
 "Statistics of Representation in the American Medical Association." 
 Journal of the Gynaecological Society of Boston, November and Jan- 
 uary numbers, 1870 and 1871. 
 
 " Necrology of the Physicians who served in the Late War." Na- 
 tional Medical Journal, Washington, D. C, 1870, 
 
 "Medical Register of the United States, prepared in 187 1," which 
 he sold to and was published by S. W. Butler, of Philadelphia, in 1874. 
 
 "A Sketch of the Life of Chas. A. Lee, M. D." New York Medi- 
 cal Journal, April, 1872. 
 
 " Statistics of Boards of Health in the United States." Transac- 
 tions American Public Health Association, 1873. 
 
JOSEPH M. TONER, M. IX 1 9 
 
 " Free Parks and Camping Grounds as Sanitariums for the Sick 
 Children of the Poor of Cities." North Western Medical and Surgi- 
 cal Journal, November, 1872. Rewritten and published in The Sani- 
 tarian for May, 1873. Both published in pamphlet form. 
 
 "Facts of Vital Statistics in United States, with Diagrams." Cir- 
 cular of the Bureau of Education, March, 1872, and in Pamphle form. 
 "Statistical Sketch of the Medical Profession in the United States." 
 Indiana Medical Journal, May, 1873. 
 
 '.' Statistics of Medical Associations and Hospitals of the United 
 
 States." Transactions of the American Medical Association, 1873. 
 
 "Address as President before the American Medical Association." 
 
 Transactions American Medical Association, 1874, and in pamphlet 
 
 form. 
 
 " Dictionary of Elevations and Climatic Register of the United 
 States." Van Nostrand, New York, 1874. 
 
 "Annals of Medical Progress and Medical Education in the United 
 States." Circular of Bureau of Education, 1874. 
 
 " Contributions to the Study of Yellow Fever, Its Distribution in 
 the United States, with Maps." Transactions of American Public 
 Health Association, and in pamphlet, etc., 1874. 
 
 "Annual Oration before the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of 
 Maryland." Transactions Medical and Chirurgical Feculty of Mary- 
 land, 1875, and in pamphlet. 
 
 "Address on Public Health Questions," as president of the Ameri- 
 can Public Health Association. Transactions of American Public 
 Health Association, 1875, anc ^ in pamphlet. 
 
 " Biographical Sketch of John D. Jackson, M. D." Richmond 
 and Louisville Journal, and in pamphlet, 1876. 
 
 " Medical Men of the Revolution." An address before the 
 Alumni Association of Jefferson Medical College. 8vo., Philadel- 
 phia, 1876. 
 
 " Sketch of the Life of Dr. T. M. Logan." Transactions of Cali- 
 fornia State Medical Society, 1876. 
 
 " Biography of Dr. John Morgan, of Philadelphia." 1 876. 
 "Address on Biography " before the Centennial International Med- 
 ical Congress. Transactions International Medical Congress, and 
 in pamphlet, 1877. 
 
 " Water Supply of Cities," before the American Health Associa- 
 tion. The Sanitarian for June, 1877. 
 
20 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 
 
 " Notes on the Burning of Theatres, Public Halls, etc." Pam- 
 phlet, pp. 22. 1876. 
 
 Address before the Rocky Mountain Medical Association, in pam- 
 phlet, 1877. The same, with Memorial Volume of Transactions, con- 
 taining biographical sketches of all the members, 1878. 
 
 Sketch of the life of Prof. Lunsford Pitts Yandell, (Nashville Jour- 
 nal of Medicine and Surgery, Feb., 1878.) 
 
 Also numerous short articles in medical journals, and the public 
 papers, etc., such as " Visit to Mammoth Cave," " Blue Grass 
 Regions of Kentucky," " St. Lawrence River," etc. etc. In course 
 of preparation, " Biographical Dictionary of Deceased American 
 Physicians." 
 
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