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CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 
 1809. 1909, 
 
— of — 
 
 Jton J^ounbers of Bncjlanb, 
 Jtelanb, anb Males. 
 
 ■JiBm. 
 
 Centenary Souvenir 
 
 ■SB" 
 
 1909 
 
 164, Chorlton Road, Brooks' Bar, 
 Manchester. 
 
 U^ 
 
 MANCHESTER : 
 Taylor, Garnett, Evans, & Co., Ltd. ; also at Reddish and 
 
 London 
 
^ 
 
 OCT 151948 
 
 "^ - ., , ■ ' !? 
 
 Cc 
 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 Introduction 7 
 
 History of the Society — 
 
 From 1809 to 1830 11 
 
 From 1831 to 1850 30 
 
 From 1851 to 1870 37 
 
 From 1871 to 1890 50 
 
 From 1891 to 1908 59 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Present General Trustees 10 
 
 First Club House, Bolton-le-Moors 14 
 
 First Emblem 28 
 
 Present Emblem 36 
 
 William Harvey 42 
 
 General Office, 200, New Kent Road, London .... 48 
 
 Group of Trade Union Leaders 52 
 
 Daniel Guile 55 
 
 Edward Woods 56 
 
 William Henry Hey 58 
 
 Joseph Maddison 62 
 
 Last Executive Council, London 67 
 
 Arthur Henderson, M.P 68 
 
 General Office, 164, Chorlton Road, Manchester. . 69 
 
 First Executive Council, Manchester 70 
 
 Samuel Masterson 72 
 
 William M. Lawson 73 
 
 Executive Council, 1909 75 
 
 OLD VETERANS. 
 
 Thomas Tupman 77 
 
 Absalom Beech 78 
 
 Andrew Mackereth 79 
 
 James Booley 80 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 J/, 
 
 N preparing this Souvenir in celebration of the 
 
 Centenary of the Society, no attempt has been 
 
 made to write a full and detailed history of 
 
 the work accomplished during the long period 
 
 of its existence, but rather to focus attention 
 
 on the most important events that have 
 
 transpired during that time. 
 
 The history of the Iron Founders' Society is reflected 
 in the struggles and aspirations of the workers during 
 the past century. Its efforts to secure and maintain 
 better conditions for its members have been continuous, and 
 whatever success has attended these efforts is due to the 
 fact that in the darkest periods of its history there has always 
 been a remnant who were prepared to make any sacrifice 
 rather than give up their membership, and see the Society 
 dissolved. 
 
 If any justification was needed to show that Trade 
 Unionism has been an important factor in the emancipation 
 of labour, the Society supplies it. Started at a time when the 
 condition of the workers was probably worse than at any 
 previous period in the history of the country, it has helped 
 to remove the conditions that then prevailed, and helped 
 to secure the right to combine and protect the labour of its 
 members. 
 
 While the amounts paid in the various benefits give 
 reasonable grounds for satisfaction, the primary object of the 
 Society, i.e., the protecting of the trade interests of th.e 
 members, has not been neglected, as will be seen l)y the 
 
8 Introduction. 
 
 sacrifices made at different periods of its history in resisting 
 unjust demands and securing better conditions ; and the 
 later period in the history of the Society shows that we 
 have availed ourselves of the new force in the labour move- 
 ment and, by supporting a Parliamentary Representative, 
 are doing our part toward the emancipation and consolidation 
 of labour. 
 
 There is one special trait that has characterised the 
 Society from its formation down to the present time, and that 
 is the spirit of craftship that has existed among the members. 
 This feeling has caused the members to refuse to recognise 
 any body of workmen as suitable for membership who are not 
 considered as being competent moulders. This spirit, while 
 it has played an important part in holding the members 
 together, has proved detrimental in not recognising the fact 
 that for this last twenty or thirty years, a system of simplifi- 
 cation and specification of work has gone on in the trade, 
 with the result that much of the work, both in core-making 
 and moulding, that used to be made by our members, is now 
 being made by partially skilled workmen, and who are outside 
 the control of the Society. It is to be hoped, in the interest 
 of the Society, that some means will shortly be devised that 
 will bring all those engaged in any kind of moulding into one 
 Society, and under one government. 
 
HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 1809 TO 1830. 
 
 HE Friendly Society of Iron Founders was 
 established at Bolton-le-Moors, in Lan- 
 cashire, on February 6th, 1809, under the 
 title of The Friendly Iron Moulders' Society, 
 and has now reached its century of continuous 
 existence. It originated and was formed by a 
 few moulders, who felt dissatisfied with their condition and 
 had sufficient foresight to recognise that organising themselves 
 was the best method of improving these conditions. That 
 they acted wisely in arriving at this decision is shown by 
 the fact that at the present time we number 19,019 members, 
 with an annual income of £78.757, and accumulated funds 
 amounting to £55,849. 
 
 We may therefore claim that our position is unique in the 
 Trade Union Movement, and in its history, as, although there 
 are one or two small societies that were in existence previous 
 to ours and have continued up to the present time, there is 
 no other society that in any way approaches us in numbers 
 and importance that can show an unbroken century's record. 
 
 Our admiration and appreciation of the efforts made by 
 the pioneers in forming the Society is strengthened by the 
 fact that they had to carry out their objects under the most 
 adverse conditions. The infamous Combination Laws were 
 passed in 1799, and were not repealed until fifteen years 
 after the formation of the Society. During the whole of this 
 time the proceedings of the Society were illegal, and ren- 
 dered all its members liable to criminal prosecution. In 
 
12 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 addition to this, it was probably the darkest period in the 
 industrial history of this country. The long war on the 
 Continent had drained the country of its resources ; food 
 was scarce and dear ; employment difficult to obtain and 
 badly remunerated. The workmen, uneducated and im- 
 organised, were practically at the mercy of the employers. 
 A graphic description of the state of things that existed in 
 the early years of the last century is given in Mr. and Mrs. 
 Sydney Webb's " History of Trade Unionism," where the 
 writers say : — 
 
 " Under the shadow of the French Revolution, the English 
 governing classes regarded all associations of the common 
 people with the utmost alarm. 
 
 " In this general terror lest insubordination should develop 
 into rebellion were merged both the capitalist objection to 
 high wages and the politicians' dislike to Democratic insti- 
 tutions. The Combination Laws, as Francis Place tells us, 
 * were considered absolutely necessary to prevent ruinous 
 extortions of workmen, which if not thus restrained, would 
 destroy the whole of the trade, manufactures, commerce, and 
 agriculture of the nation.' This led to the conclusion that the 
 workmen were the most unprincipled of mankind. Hence 
 the continued ill-will, suspicion, and in almost every possible 
 way, the bad conduct of workmen and their employers toward 
 one another. 
 
 " So thoroughly was this false notion entertained that 
 whenever men were prosecuted to conviction for having com- 
 bined to regulate their wages or the hours of working, how- 
 ever heavy the sentences passed on them were, and however 
 rigorously it was inflicted, not the slightest feeling of com- 
 passion was manifested for the unfortunate sufferers. 
 
 " Justice was entirely out of the question. They could 
 seldom obtain a hearing before a magistrate, never without 
 impatience or insult, and never could they calculate on even 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. I3 
 
 an approximation to a rational conclusion. Could an 
 accurate account be given of proceedings of hearings before 
 magistrates, trials at sessions, and in the Court of King's Bench, 
 the gross injustice, the foul invective, and terrible punishments 
 inflicted would not after a few years have passed away be 
 credited on any but the best evidence."* 
 
 Unfortunately we have no documentary evidence of the 
 Society's proceedings during the first twenty years of its 
 existence. This is not surprising when we consider the 
 conditions under which the work of the society was carried on. 
 We have of necessity to rely on tradition, and one well- 
 authenticated tradition is that in the earlier period of its 
 history the officers had to meet at night in a field for the 
 purpose of receiving the contributions of its members, and 
 had to bury the books to prevent them being seized by the 
 authorities. 
 
 We are able here to reprint the first code of Rules, that 
 came into force on June 19th, 1809. It will be noted that the 
 Rules are signed by twenty-three members. When presented 
 at a General Meeting of the Society for their acceptance, the 
 names of 119 members appear, which probably constituted 
 the total membership of the Society at that time. 
 
 RULES AND ORDERS TO BE OBSERVED BY THE 
 FRIENDLY IRONMOULDERS' SOCIETY. 
 
 Instituted 6th February, 1809, 
 
 Preamble. 
 It having been an ancient and most laudable custom for divers 
 Artists, within the United Kingdom, to meet and form 
 themselves into Societies, for the sole purpose of assisting 
 each other, in case of Sickness, Old Age, and other Infirmi- 
 ties, and for the Burial of the Dead. Under these circum- 
 
 ♦ Webb's " History ^of Trade Unionism," p. 64. 
 
14 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 "Hand and Banner.' 
 
CENTENARY;.SOUVENIR. 15 
 
 stances, the Members composing this Society have agreed to 
 raise a Fund for the Purposes aforesaid ; and further agree 
 to the following Articles or Rules, drawn up and approved by 
 a Committee selected for that purpose. 
 
 The Society is now held at Mr. James Isherwood's, the Sign of 
 the Hand and Banner, in Bolton-le-M oors, Lancashire. 
 
 Bolton, 
 
 PRINTED BY J. GARDNER, FOR J. HAWORTH. 
 
 1811. 
 
 RULES, ORDERS, &c. 
 Article i. 
 
 T 
 
 HAT this Society shall be called the Friendly Ironmoulders' 
 Society, and is instituted for the purposes of mutual relief, in 
 cases of old age, sickness and infirmity, and for the burial of 
 their dead. The times of meeting are every first Monday in 
 each calendar month, at seven o'clock in the evening ; each 
 member at the first meeting (the first Monday in August next) 
 shall pay six shillings for entrance and articles, and every suc- 
 ceeding meeting to deposit one shilling to the box, and three- 
 pence for liquor, to be spent whether present or not. 
 
 II. That any member neglecting to pay his contribution for 
 three succeeding monthly nights shall be fined sixpence, and for 
 non-payment the fourth night to be excluded ; each member's 
 quarter to commence from his last payment. Such members so 
 excluded may be admitted again, if his character be approved of, 
 upon the same footing as a new member. The secretary to sum 
 mon members who are indebted three months within eight days 
 after his third monthly night, or for every neglect shall be fined 
 one shilling. He shall be allowed twopence for each summons, 
 to be paid by the member so summoned. 
 
 III. That this Society shall consist of ironmoulders only, 
 who shall meet together at the house and time before-mentioned, 
 
l6 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 or such other times as shall be agreed on hereafter by a majority 
 of the members assembled at any of their meetings relative to 
 the said Society. 
 
 N.B.—The quarterly meetings are the first Mondays in 
 January, April, July, and October. 
 
 IV. That all monies collected from the members of this 
 Society, for the purpose of raising a fund for the benefit and 
 relief of such persons respectively as shall become entitled 
 thereto, shall not be otherwise applied than in the manner pre- 
 scribed and limited by these articles. 
 
 V. That this Society shall be governed by a president and 
 two stewards, the president to maintain order, or be fined six- 
 pence for every neglect, to be levied by the stewards. The senior 
 steward to take money, the junior steward to check against the 
 secretary. The president to be chosen every quarterly night, one 
 member to be named by the president, and one by each steward, 
 and one of the three shall be chosen by a majority then present. 
 The stewards to come in ofitice every quarter, as they stand upon 
 the roll ; for refusal of each office, each and every one to be fined 
 two shillings and sixpence, if they reside within two miles of 
 the house where the club is held ; the absence of members, except 
 occasioned by sickness or imprisonment for debt, to be con- 
 sidered as a refusal. The president, stewards, and secretary 
 shall attend within one quarter of an hour after seven o'clock, or 
 send their key or keys, or be fined sixpence, and some other 
 member shall represent them for that evening ; but if the officers 
 do not attend within the first hour of meeting, or procure some 
 member to represent them, he or they so offending shall be fined 
 one shilling for each and every such offence. 
 
 VI. That a box be provided for the use of this Society, with 
 four different locks and keys, one key to be kept by the landlord, 
 who is apnointed treasurer, and who shall give such security to 
 the Society, for the property deposited, as shall be approved of, 
 one key to be kept by the president, and one by each of the 
 stewards : the box to have at the bottom a good drawer with a 
 lock and key, which key shall be kept by the secretary, to prevent 
 any delay of the business in case the other keys are not brought 
 in time. The president and stewards are to see the books closed 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. I7 
 
 at nine o'clock, and see the box carefully delivered to the 
 treasurer, and for every neglect thereof to be fined one shilling 
 each. 
 
 N.B. — The cash book to be locked u-p in the box, the other 
 books and papers to be locked up in the drawer. 
 
 VII. That every person who hath come forward to support 
 this Society, and is desirous of becoming a member thereof, 
 shall be proposed by some member at a monthly meeting night, 
 and if approved of at the next monthly meeting by a majority 
 of the members then present, he shall be admitted, by paying 
 seven shillings entrance and threepence for liquor. And if 
 any ironmoulder should sienify his intention to become a member 
 of the Society after the first day of August, and we can lawfully 
 prove that he was in possession of full information relative to 
 our present intention ; or if any other member can prove the same, 
 and he hath not come forward, then such moulder washing to 
 enter this Society, shall upon his being admitted a member 
 thereof, pay the sums following, as and for his entrance-money, 
 viz., if such member does not enter this Society before the 6th 
 day of November, 1809, the sum of eight shillings, within three 
 months after that period ten shillings and sixpence, within six 
 months after that period fifteen shillings, and within twelve 
 months after that period twenty-one shillings ; such new member 
 only to pay five shillings on the night when he so enters, and 
 to be allowed three months from that time to pay the remainder 
 of his entrance-money as before stated ; and no member so to be 
 admitted as aforesaid shall be entitled to or receive any allowance 
 or relief from this Society, until such time as he shall have paid 
 up his contribution or entrance-money as aforesaid. And if any 
 ironmoulder should wish to become a member of this Society 
 after this meeting, and can prove that he had no knowledge of 
 this our intention, then and in such case such member shall be 
 admitted of this Society, by paying six shillings only for his 
 entrance-money. And any person now serving an apprenticeship 
 for seven years or a shorter term, whose service expires after 
 the first day of May next, or any person who may be bound an 
 apprentice after the said first day of May next for seven years, 
 and serves that term, shall after the expiration of his said appren- 
 
l8 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 ticeship, upon being proposed and accepted as aforesaid, be 
 admitted by paying one guinea entrance and threepence for 
 liquor. 
 
 VIII. That any member who hath paid up the whole of his 
 contributions and fines, enlisting in a regular regiment, or engag- 
 ing in the sea service, shall neither pay to nor receive any 
 benefit from this Society during his absence ; but if he return 
 able to work at his trade, he shall be re-admitted as a free mem- 
 ber, after being one month at work, and his time of payments 
 reckoned to his account from the time of his return. 
 
 IX. That the president, stewards, and secretary shall take 
 their places on the monthly meeting nights after which they are 
 chosen; the old president and stewards shall deliver up their 
 keys, cash, and accounts, with a fair and just balance of their 
 trust ; and if there be any deficiency in their accounts before 
 delivered to the treasurer, the old stewards shall make it good, 
 or be excluded, and proceeded against for the same, if a majority 
 of the members think proper ; but if there be any deficiency of 
 cash, notes, or stock, receipt or receipts, after it is delivered to 
 the treasurer, he shall make it good, or his bond be put in full 
 force against him : if the stock agrees with the books, then the 
 treasurer, new president, and stewards shall accept the same 
 from the old president and stewards. The new president, 
 stewards, and secretary shall attend precisely at the hour fixed 
 on ; if the old and new president, stewards, and secretary are not 
 in the room within a quarter of an hour of the fixed time, each 
 and every one of them shall in default be fined one shilling. 
 
 X. That the secretary shall be appointed annually or 
 oftener, who shall report the state of the Society's stock every 
 quarterly night. The necessary expenses of books, paper, and 
 other things for the use of the Society to be defrayed out of the 
 stock in the box ; and as a recompense for his trouble to be 
 allowed one pound five shillings annually. 
 
 XI. That on the July quarterly meeting in every year, the 
 members of this Society shall meet at the house where the Society 
 shall then be held, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, and have a 
 dinner prepared, towards the expense of which every member 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. I9 
 
 present shall pay his proportionate share, and sixpence for liquor, 
 over and above his club money ; and every member within twenty 
 miles shall forfeit two shillings to the box for non-attendance 
 (sickness or imprisonment for debt only will be admitted as an 
 excuse). 
 
 XII. That in order to preserve decency and good order in 
 the Society during club-hours, any member introducing political 
 discourse, seditious sentiments, or songs, or who shall curse or 
 swear, or use any obscene language, or bet any wagers, promote 
 gaming, or refuse to keep silence when called on by the president, 
 shall for the first offence forfeit twopence, for the second four- 
 pence, and for the third sixpence, and be compelled to leave the 
 room for that evening ; all such fines to be paid on being incurred, 
 or set down double, and if not paid the next club-night, to be 
 excluded. 
 
 XIII. To prevent as much as possible any interruptions by 
 strangers, any member introducing strangers, without the presi- 
 dent's leave, shall be fined sixpence ; or should any stranger give 
 his opinion publicly on any question, or hold up his hand on 
 any division, or in anywise disturb the Society, he shall be fined 
 sixpence, but should he refuse to pay, to be ordered to quit the 
 room, and he who introduced him to pay that fine for him. 
 
 XIV. That if any member of this Society, after being a 
 member twelve months, and having paid his contributions and 
 fines, shall be sick or lame, so as to be unable to follow his 
 regular employ, he shall upon producing a certificate thereof, 
 signed by a surgeon and some respectable inhabitant, stating 
 the nature of his complaint, and that the same is not occasioned 
 by intoxication or other misconduct, receive during such indis- 
 position the weekly sum of ten shillings, and be excused all fines, 
 except for non-payment of monthly monies, during his affliction ; 
 and when he is recovered, as if he had paid his contributions and 
 fines. Members imprisoned for debt to be excused in like manner 
 during their imprisonment. 
 
 XV. That when any member is imprisoned for debt, he 
 shall send notice thereof to the secretary, and of the time of his 
 imprisonment, which notice if the prisoner neglect to send, he 
 
20 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 shall be considered as debtor to the box till such time as he doth 
 send such notice ; the notice to be read to the Society the monthly 
 night following. 
 
 XVI. That if any person belonging to this or any other 
 Society, established upon the same principle in any part of this 
 kingdom, shall be travelling for want of employment, and shall 
 produce to the secretary or stewards of this Society, or any other 
 person by them properly authorised, a certificate, acknowledging 
 him to belong to such Society, and that he hath paid up his con- 
 tributions and fines, such secretary or stewards shall direct him 
 to the foreman of the shop or shops in the place where such 
 person shall then be, which foreman or foremen shall then make 
 application to the master or masters for employment for him, 
 and in case he cannot be employed, such person shall, upon 
 applying to the treasurer or stewards of the said Society, or such 
 person or persons authorised by them as aforesaid, upon pro- 
 ducing a certificate signed by the person to whom he last applied, 
 and bringing along with him the person who signed the certificate 
 or saw the same signed, be provided with his supper, one pint of 
 beer, one night's lodging, and two shillings in cash to carry him 
 to the next town ; the expenses whereof shall be reimbursed to 
 this Society by the society to which such member so relieved shall 
 belong. 
 
 XVII. In order to extend the benefits of this Society to the 
 utmost of our power, when any member shall arrive at the age 
 of sixty years, and has well and truly paid or caused to be paid 
 all contributions, fines, or any other arrears, for the space of ten 
 years, he shall be allowed for the remainder of his life three 
 shillings and sixpence per week ; if fifteen years, six shillings 
 per week, and to be allowed to follow any work he can. 
 
 XVIII. Should any member or members who have duly 
 paid or caused to be paid all contributions, fines, or other arrears, 
 for the space of four years, and through poverty be excluded for 
 not continuing his payments, and to be so far reduced within 
 the space of twelve calendar months after being so excluded that 
 he be in a workhouse, such member on application to the Society 
 shall receive two shillings per week during his or their con 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 21 
 
 tinuance in the said workhouse, and the senior steward is required 
 to pay the same once each week. 
 
 XIX. When any member who has belonged to this Society 
 twelve calendar months shall happen to die, each member within 
 the district where such deceased member resided shall contribute 
 one shilling for the benefit of the widow or nearest relative, who 
 buries the deceased ; the money so subscribed, with what is 
 allowed by article 27th, to be paid within forty-eij^ht hours after 
 the notice of such decease, out of the box ; and if any member 
 who has belonged to this Society six calendar months, or the 
 wife or widow of any member (provided she keeps in his name) who 
 has belonged to it twelve calendar months, shall happen to die, 
 a contribution from every member shall be gathered as above ; 
 but nothing shall be allowed from the stock of this Society. 
 Members to be allowed two months to pay subscription monies 
 in, after being informed by the secretary of such decease, when 
 he pays his monthly dues. 
 
 XX. If any member or members shall be found guilty of 
 imposing on the box, or knowingly suffer others to impose on it, 
 by embezzling any part of the Society's cash, or shall concur or 
 connive with any member or members in any unjust actions what- 
 ever, to the hurt or wasting of the stock, he or they shall be 
 excluded, as soon as it shall be proved to the Society. 
 
 XXI. Any member of this Society refusing to pay any fine 
 specified in these articles that he may incur shall be excluded ; 
 and all fines or penalties incurred by any member or members 
 for the breach of these articles to be put into the box, for the 
 increase of the stock ; any officers of this Society screening any 
 member from paying his fine shall pay it themselves, with one 
 shilling extra for every such offence, or be excluded. 
 
 XXII. Should any dispute arise at any time that these 
 articles cannot determine, the president shall order the secretary 
 to issue a general summons, to meet at such time as the then 
 majority shall think proper, and when the Society is so met, they 
 may determine the matter in dispute, or choose a committee of 
 members for that purpose ; every member who resides within 
 two miles of the house where the box shall be held, neglecting to 
 
22 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 attend such summons, shall be fined sixpence for each and every 
 such neglect, and the decision of such committee shall be final. 
 
 XXIII. Should the president, stewards, or secretary come 
 into the club-room intoxicated, or get intoxicated within the time 
 the duties of their offices demand their attention, such officer so 
 offending, for every such offence, shall be fined two shillings and 
 sixpence ; any member coming into the club-room intoxicated to 
 be fined two shillings for every such offence. 
 
 XXIV. Every member of this Society who may have the 
 misfortune to labour under afflictions, or be imprisoned for debt, 
 shall, when recovered from sickness, or restored to his liberty, 
 be allowed two months to pay what arrears might be due to this 
 Society before his misfortune. 
 
 XXV. That a marshall be appointed every Cjuarterly night, 
 as they stand on the roll, whose office shall be to call for beer, 
 and distribute the same without partiality, to be fined sixpence 
 for every offence : he shall keep the reckoning, and if he calls 
 for more beer than the club allows that night, he shall pay for 
 it himself. Any person calling for beer, without liberty from the 
 marshall, shall be fined one shilling for every such offence. The 
 marshall or any other person drinking out of their turn shall 
 be fined sixpence (except the officers at the table, or a member at 
 his first coming into the room). The marshall for non-attendance 
 shall be subject to the same fines as the other officers so offending, 
 agreeable to article 5th. 
 
 XXVI. At the monthly meeting preceding the club dinner 
 every year three auditors shall be appointed from the Society, in 
 the following manner : One shall be appointed by the secretary, 
 one by the Society, and one by the officers. The auditors so 
 appointed shall examine the secretary's accounts, and if found 
 right, shall sign their names in the cash book, which signature 
 shall be sufficient discharge for the year past ; but if any omission 
 or deficiency appear, they shall call upon the secretary for an 
 explanation of the matter before them, and if he explain it to 
 their satisfaction, no further notice shall be taken of it ; but if 
 they are still dissatisfied and think it necessary to make it public, 
 they shall report it at the next monthly meeting, and the members 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 23 
 
 then present, or a majority of them, shall act as shall be then 
 judged most expedient for the good of the Society. The books, 
 when signed, shall be open two hours for the inspection of the 
 members on the feast day, and the auditors shall answer any 
 proper questions, asked through the medium of the chair, respect- 
 ing the accounts of the Society. 
 
 N.B. — The auditors to be allowed one shilling each for their 
 trouble. 
 
 XXVII. That in case of any member's death, who has well 
 and truly paid or caused to be paid his contributionSj fines, and 
 all other arrears for the space of one whole year, the widow of 
 the deceased, or nearest relative, shall receive one pound from 
 the box of this Society, towards defraying the funeral expenses ; 
 if having been a member two years, two pounds; and if three 
 years or upwards, three pounds, to be paid by the stewards within 
 forty-eight hours after the notice received by the secretary. 
 Notice of the death of a member to be sent immediately, and the 
 secretary to inform the stewards within twenty-four hours after 
 such information ; the stewards shall see the body, if within two 
 miles of the house where the Society shall then be held, and 
 report the same to the Society the meeting night after. 
 
 XXVIII. That a majority of the members of this Society, at 
 any quarterly meeting, may alter these rules, or may make new 
 ones as may be found necessary for the better government of 
 the Society. 
 
 XXIX. That if any member shall propose or attempt, either 
 publicly or privately, to break up, or encourage the breaking up 
 of this Society, he or they so offending shall, upon the same being 
 satisfactorily proved, forfeit one guinea, or for ever after be 
 deprived of the benefit of this Society. 
 
 XXX. It is mutually agreed upon that any member who 
 shall be travelling, and who shall not produce a certificate signed 
 by the foreman, or some workman of the shop where he last 
 worked, stating that he was not discharged from his employ for 
 improper or illegal conduct, he shall not receive the benefit of 
 this Society ; neither shall any member who applies to this Society 
 for relief sooner than six months after having been there relieved ; 
 and the person signing such certificate knowing of such improper 
 
24 
 
 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 or illegal conduct, shall be deprived the benefit of this Society, 
 and never after be admitted a member. 
 
 XXXI. That the oldest son of any member of this Society, 
 who shall be serving an apprenticeship with his father for seven 
 years, and such member shall happen to die before the expiration 
 of the said apprenticeship, and the said son having attained the 
 age of seventeen years, or when he shall attain the age 
 of seventeen years, shall immediately become entitled to his 
 father's interest in the said Society, upon paying up the fines his 
 father might be in arrear, the first quarterly night after his 
 father's decease. 
 
 Bolton^ i()th June, 1809. 
 
 At a general meeting of the members of this Society, the fore- 
 going rules were agreed to and approved. 
 
 Thomas Bramah 
 Abram Thomas 
 John Thomas 
 William Smith 
 Guy Warwick 
 George Taylor 
 Charles Bell 
 John Swift 
 Thomas Chapham 
 William Crowley 
 Thomas Walker 
 John Walker 
 Thomas Crowther 
 Thomas Price 
 Anthony Barrase 
 James Williams 
 James Pickard 
 Richard Price 
 James Harker 
 John Blankley 
 George Smediey 
 George Frith 
 Thomas Mather 
 James Russell 
 Robert Sliser 
 John Musgrove 
 Alexander Petrie 
 John Petrie 
 Thos. Hasselgraves 
 Robert Bassett 
 Moses Horfield 
 Joseph Craven 
 Richard Herd 
 John Greenwood 
 Joshua Brook 
 John Parkin 
 Edward Evans 
 Leonard Grime 
 James Parker 
 John Forster 
 
 John Hutchinson 
 Ebenezer Smith 
 Andrew Atkin 
 John Grice 
 John Bottley 
 John Bayley 
 John Onions 
 William Girt 
 John Smith 
 John Dudin 
 Anthony Martin 
 Job Gregory 
 John Matthews 
 Edward Williams 
 Minrod Furnisa 
 Chris Martin 
 Fr. Wilde 
 John Salt 
 William Rowden 
 George Walker 
 Joseph Walker 
 Joseph Rider 
 Henry Simpson 
 Thomas Simpson 
 George Mother 
 William Price 
 James Wilde 
 William Jackson 
 Henry Taylor 
 Thomas Prince 
 William Roberts 
 William Millar 
 William Melden 
 John Middleton 
 Thomas Swift 
 John Evans 
 Samuel Hunter 
 Daniel Ackett 
 Thomas Robinson 
 John Dunkley 
 
 Samuel Hartley 
 Thomas Whittaker 
 Stephen Richmond 
 William Taylor 
 John Beech 
 John Cooke 
 Joseph Houseley 
 William Floyd 
 Samuel Crosby 
 Isaac Taylor 
 Edward Simpson 
 John Bayley 
 Joseph Hampsmith 
 Edmund Skinner 
 Richard Ratclifle 
 Mansfield Hickman 
 William Hadley 
 Thomas Parker 
 Stephen Noble 
 Edward Noble 
 John Morton 
 John Bower 
 Joseph Thompson 
 Thomas Kenrick 
 Michael Brinton 
 Richard Robinson 
 Paul Crookes 
 Thomas Wilkes 
 William Howell 
 Samuel Bury 
 James Dunkerley 
 William Jackson 
 John Sandiford 
 Samuel Harding 
 Robert Broadbent 
 John Gommerson 
 Elisha Priestley 
 Francis Jowls 
 John Radclifl 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 25 
 
 LANCASHIRE, ■) 
 
 TO WIT. S 
 
 B 
 
 E IT REMEMBERED, That at the general Quarter Session 
 of the Peace of our Lord the King, holden at the New Bayley 
 Court-house, within Salford, in and for the Hundred of Salford, 
 m the said County (by adjournment), on Wednesday, the nine- 
 teenth Day of July, in the forty-ninth Year of the Reign of our 
 Sovereign Lord GEORGE the Third, by the Grace of God of the 
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King, Defender 
 of the Faith : BEFORE THOMAS BEARD, RALPH WRIGHT, SAMUEL 
 Taylor, Esquires, and others, their Fellow-justices of our said 
 Lord the King, assigned to keep the Peace in the County afore- 
 said, and also to hear and determine divers Felonies, Trespasses, 
 and other Misdemeanours committed in the same County. 
 
 The several Rules, Orders, and Regulations of the IRON- 
 MOULDERS' SOCIETY, held at Bolton, in the said Hundred 
 and County, are by the Justices now here, after due Examination 
 thereof, allowed and confirmed, pursuant to the Statutes in that 
 Case made and provided. 
 
 EDWARD GORST, 
 Deputy Clerk of the Peace. 
 
 Besides the laws we have inserted a list of the members who 
 originated the Society; also a copy of the sanction granted by the 
 magistrates at Salford New Bailey, July 19th, 1809, allowing 
 the laws, as they could see no harm in them ; and a copy of the 
 lawyer's bill of costs for carrying the laws through the court and 
 obtaining the sanction referred to. 
 
 Bolton, 19th June, 1809. 
 At a general meeting of the members of this Society, the fore- 
 going Rules and Articles were unanimously agreed to. 
 
 ROBERT SLICER. SAMUEL CROSSLEY. 
 
 JAMES RUSSELL. SAMUEL x BURY. 
 
 DANIEL ARKAT. WILLm. x ALLICOCK. 
 
 HENRY SIMPSON. WILLIAM TAYLOR. 
 
 THOS. X SIMPSON. STEPHEN RICHMOND. 
 
 THOS. BRAMAH. JOHN x GOMERSIDE. 
 
 THOS. NEEDHAM. MATTHIAS MATHER. 
 
 ELISHA X PRIESTLEY. JOS. LONGBOTTOM. 
 
 FRANCIS JOULE. JOHN MUSGRAVE. 
 
 GEO. X FRITH. JOHN BLANKLEY. 
 
 GEORGE X SMEDLEY. JAMES ENTWISTLE. 
 JOHN TOOTELL. 
 
26 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 Those names having a "x" between the Christian Name and 
 Surname, have also the words "his mark" written under each. 
 
 "Manchester, 19th July, 1809. 
 " We do not see anything in these rules contrary to the Act. 
 
 "MILNE, SERGEANT, & MILNE." 
 
 New Bailey Court House, Salford, 19th July, 1809. 
 At a General Quarter Sessions of the Peace held here by 
 adjournment, in and for the County Palatine of Lancaster, these 
 rules were allowed. 
 
 E. GORST, Dep. C. P. 
 
 Mr. Bleakley, for the Ironmoulders. 
 
 To RALPH BOARDMAN, Debtor. 
 
 1809. £ 8. d. 
 
 Feb. 13. Attending the Magistrates with Rules lU 6 
 
 Perusing the same 13 4 
 
 April 13. Paid Carriage of Parcel, enclosing Rules 1 
 
 Attending you and perusing same, before copied on 
 
 parchment 6 8 
 
 Writing to Milne, Sergeant, and Company, and Copy 3 6 
 Journey to Manchester, by order of Mr. Sergeant, 
 
 horse hire, and expenses 2 12 6 
 
 „ 18. Making two Copies of your Articles, 18 sheets 3 
 
 Paid for Parchment and for Book 4 4 
 
 ,, 24. Clerk attending at the Hand and Banner and read- 
 ing over the Articles, and getting same signed ..068 
 
 Paid expenses there and at tlae Woolpack 2 4 
 
 Paid Journey to Manchester to get these Articles 
 
 allowed, horse hire, and expenses 2 12 6 
 
 June 12. Attending you and reading over the Rules previovis 
 
 to being printed 3 6 
 
 Attending upon Mr. Gardner to print same 3 6 
 
 „ 15. Writing to the Clerk of the Peace previous to the 
 
 Rules being printed 3 6 
 
 Carriage of same 1 2 
 
 ,, 16. Perusing the Articles as printed, and correcting the 
 
 press 13 4 
 
 19. Making alterations as agreed upon in the original 
 
 filed 6 8 
 
 29. Paid for Printing Articles 5 1 6 
 
 J uly 3. Writing Letter to the Clerk of the Peace with the 
 
 Articles altered and attending to book same .... 6 8 
 
 Paid carriage of same both ways 2 4 
 
 „ 13. Paid Carriage of Articles as approved of 1 
 
 Perusing, Examining, and Finally Settling same .068 
 ,, 22. Journey to Manchester, when business was finally 
 
 allowed, horse hire, and expenses 2 2 
 
 Paid Carriage of rules as allowed 1 
 
 Paid Mr. Sergeant for perusing same 10 6 
 
 Drawing Certificate for allowance and fair copy for 
 
 Mr. Gardner 5 
 
 Paid Mr. Gardner for printing same 15 
 
 Bin of costs and copy 3 
 
 £21 19 8 
 
 ^Do^ 111 ^^- J-S- ^21 
 
 Balance 19 8 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 27 
 
 1809. £ 8. d. 
 
 To Balance brought forward 19 8 
 
 Nov. 7. Attending Sessions on your behalf against Smedley 7 6 
 „ 29. Drawing and engrossing bond of indemnity as a 
 
 security for the box at Manchester 13 4 
 
 1810. 
 
 Feb. 19. Attending Sessions this day on behalf of Burns's son 7 6 
 
 £2 8 
 By error of two charges of 78. 6d. each 15 u 
 
 £1 13 
 July 3rd, 1810— By cash £1 13 0, 
 
 RD. BOARDMAN. 
 
 Those Rules, the first that were framed for the government 
 of the Society, are interestmg as showing the intentions of 
 those responsible for them. That they did not intend its 
 influence to be confined to one district is shown by Rule XVI., 
 which makes provision for members travelling in search of 
 employment. This Rule has played such an important 
 part in the history of the Society, especially in its earlier 
 stages, that it deserves attention and consideration, as it 
 was nearly forty years before out-of-work benefit was paid to 
 those who did not travel. The members must have been 
 satisfied that it was serving a useful purpose, or they would 
 not have continued it so long. That this benefit was 
 prominent in the minds of the members in the early history 
 of the Society is shown by the first emblem, where the moulder 
 with a pack on his back is saying to the foreman, " Brother 
 craft, can you give me a job ? " And the answer is, " If we 
 cannot, we will assist you." 
 
 One of the greatest benefits to the Society was that it 
 fostered and encouraged a spirit of independence among the 
 members, which would not have existed without it, and its 
 influence has helped to make the moulder what he still 
 remains, one of the most stubborn fighters in the ranks of 
 Unionism. Another benefit was that men on travel often pene- 
 trated into remote districts, where, if it had not been for their 
 presence, Trade Unionism would not have been heard of. Some 
 of our oldest branches were started through the influence of 
 men who had come on travel, and brought their Unionist 
 
28 
 
 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 principles with them. In the early days of the movement, 
 when there was no cheap press, and means of transit were 
 difficult, the man on travel would be able to impart informa- 
 tion to his fellow workmen on wages and conditions of work 
 existing in other parts of the country — information that must 
 have been a great advantage to those who otherwise could 
 not have obtained it. Its influence has extended up to the 
 
 -j/.-f^^)^ 
 
 First Emblem. 
 
 present time, as we have probably more members continually 
 on the road than any other section of the Iron Trade. We also 
 have a few who are worthy successors of the early stalwarts, 
 as they are continually on travel, and wiU no doubt continue 
 to do so until they reach that bourne from whence no 
 traveller ere returns. 
 
 That the Society was extending its influence during the 
 period dealt with in this chapter is shown by the fact that not 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 29 
 
 only were branches established in Lancashire and Yorkshire, 
 but also at London and other parts of the country. And the 
 Dublin branch have in their possession a code of Rules written 
 on parchment and sanctioned by the authorities. They are 
 dated January loth, 1823, 3-nd are almost identical with the 
 first code, with one or two exceptions. The entrance fee is 
 fixed at 30s., and apprentices are allowed to enter in the last 
 year of their apprenticeship, that is, if they are serving seven 
 years. They also fix the funeral benefit at the same amount 
 as at present, with this exception, that the money was paid 
 from the box, and each member had to contribute is. 6d. 
 towards defraying this expense. 
 
 It is interesting to know what contributions were paid by 
 the members up to 1830. We find the fixed amounts were 
 as follows : i8og, is. 3d. per month ; 1810, 2s. 3d. ; 1812, 
 IS. 3d. ; 1813, IS. gd. ; 1818, 2s. ; 1827, 3s., an amount below 
 which it has never been reduced. In addition to these fixed 
 amounts there must have been a considerable amount paid 
 in levies of different kinds. 
 
 That it was necessary for the members to make serious 
 sacrifices in order to carry on the work of the Society during 
 this period, is shown by the fact that in 1826-7 the numbers 
 declined considerably, and the contributions had to be 
 raised in order to meet the increased expenditure. 
 
 One cannot close this chapter without bearing testimony 
 to the tenacity and fidelity of the pioneers in this trying 
 period of the Society's history. They have long since gone 
 over to the majority, and it is due to their efforts and self- 
 sacrifice that we enjoy the benefits of the Society to-day, 
 and are able to carry on our work under conditions that were 
 unknown at that time. 
 
30 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 1831 TO 1850. 
 
 In 1 83 1 we find the first statistics as to membership and 
 the financial position of the Society At that time we had 44 
 branches, with a total membership of 1,120, and a balance in 
 hand of £1,803, averaging £1. 12s. 2jd. per member. In 1833 
 the income from contributions was £2,607, and expenditure 
 £2,106, of which sum £820 was expended for travelling benefit. 
 
 The early thirties was an exciting time in the Trade 
 Union movement. A National Association was formed that 
 included in its ranks all sections of workmen, and for a short 
 time made rapid progress. We cannot find that the Moulders' 
 Society was at any time affiliated with this Association. 
 Many of the societies imposed an oath of loyalty and secrecy 
 on their members, and an elaborate ritual on their initiation. 
 We cannot trace anything of this kind in connection with our 
 Society. The members seemed as far as possible to have 
 confined their efforts to the organisation of the skilled work- 
 men in their own trade, and those who entered the Society 
 that had not served their apprenticeship to the trade were 
 penalised by having to pay an increased entrance fee, known 
 as non-servitude money. In spite of those restrictions, and 
 the conservative methods adopted, the members in 1837 
 had more than doubled since 1831. 
 
 1837 seems to have been an eventful year in the society's 
 history. In that year a circular was issued to the members 
 from Manchester, then the head-quarters of the Society, 
 asking for information as to the number of men who were 
 outside the Society that were qualified to enter, and the 
 number unqualified ; also the number of boys, bound and 
 unbound, working at the trade. In answer to this circular, 
 the following replies were received : Number of members, 
 2,312 ; quahfied to enter, 1,376 ; unqualified, 631 ; boys, 
 bound apprentices 677, unbound 1,209. Other questions 
 were asked and answered. One was why so many were out 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 31 
 
 of the society, and the best means of extending its influence. 
 The generally expressed opinion was that the entrance fee 
 and the contributions were too heavy. As a result of these 
 answers, the Committee recommended some drastic changes 
 in the constitution of the Society. Among other changes 
 advocated was the lowering of the entrance fee, allowing 
 members over 35 years of age to enter the Society, the forma- 
 tion of a second-class membership, who should pay is. 6d. 
 per month and los. entrance fee, and only be entitled to dispute 
 pay. A delegate meeting was held in Manchester during this 
 year ; some of these suggestions were acted upon, and appear 
 in a copy of Rules printed in 1837. 
 
 All this tends to show that the members saw the necessity 
 of extending the influence of the Society and placing it on a 
 firmer basis, it being evident that the methods of government 
 had become unsuitable for its enlarged area. The first half- 
 yearly report was issued in 1837, '^^'^^ ^^^ Manchester Branch 
 was made the seat of government. The General Secretary 
 was elected annually by the Manchester Branch. The power 
 to elect a General Management Committee was vested in the 
 seat of government, the said committee to consist of twenty- 
 one members, with power to elect their own chairman. 
 Donation benefit of los. per week, to continue for four weeks, 
 was sanctioned. This same donation was abolished in 1841 
 and not heard of again until 1849. 
 
 The following, taken from the Rules of 1837, "^^ill t)e of 
 interest, as showing what was in the minds of the members 
 at that time : " That, considering the heavy work and fatigue 
 to which its members are subject ; that if a member work 
 two hours after his regular day's work he shall receive time and 
 a quarter, for four hours time and half ; after that, double 
 time ; also to be paid double time should he be called upon to 
 work on Sunday. And we also consider thai eighl hours is 
 sufficienl for a regular day's work, the same to come into practice 
 as early as possible." It is now over 70 years since this 
 
32 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 opinion was formulated, and we have not yet succeeded in 
 obtaining the eight-hours' day only in a few of our shops. 
 
 One result of these changes in the constitution of the Society 
 and the increased activity of the members was shown in its 
 growth during the next three years, for we find that in 1840 
 the branches had increased from 47 to 59,with 3,498 members. 
 
 The years 1840, 1841, and 1842 were marked by a severe 
 depression of trade, and severely tested the loyalty and 
 fidelity of the members. In 1840 the total expenditure reached 
 the enormous sum of £11,457, more than double the recorded 
 income. How much of this was spent in dispute it is im- 
 possible to say. That a considerable sum was spent in the 
 protection of their labour is certain, but the travelling benefits 
 appear to have absorbed the largest share of the expenditure. 
 
 The serious condition of trade, with the suffering entailed 
 from 1840 to 1843, is shown by the following figures. The 
 membership declined from 3,498 in 1840, to 2,427 in 1842 ; 
 the total income fell from £9,061 in 1841 to £4,106 in 1843 ; 
 the total expenditure went up to £11,457 in 1840 and £9,668 
 in 1841. This left the Society in debt to members and friends 
 at the close of 1841. 
 
 In 1843, the seat of Government was removed to London, 
 that being then the largest branch, with 320 members, as 
 against 270 at Manchester. At the close of this period of bad 
 trade, strenuous efforts were made to organise and improve 
 the Society, trade had revived, and in 1845 the out-of-work 
 benefit paid was less than at any previous period in the 
 history of the Society. 
 
 As showing that the members at this period had similar 
 grievances as exist at the present time, a circular was issued 
 in 1845 to the members, calling attention to the formation of 
 an Association of the Lancashire Foundry Masters, who bound 
 themselves not to employ any moulder who did not produce a 
 written character or quittance paper from his last employer. 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 33 
 
 The circular advised a strenuous resistance to this system, and 
 supported those members who lost their employment through 
 refusing to produce a quittance paper from their last employer. 
 This appears to have been the commencement of the character- 
 note system, which is at the present time extensively used by 
 the Federated Employers, with this difference, that at that 
 time the man had to take the paper himself, while now it is 
 sent from one employer to another, without giving the work- 
 man an opportunity of knowing what it contains. 
 
 There appears at this time to have been a determined 
 attempt on the part of the Lancashire employers to break up 
 the Society by giving the men notice to either leave the 
 Society or terminate their employment. The following is 
 a copy of the document the men were requested to sign : — 
 
 " I, the undersigned, agree to observe all the rules in force 
 in the shop of Messrs. A. & B., and further that I will not 
 hinder or molest or annoy any person in their employ in the 
 fulfilment of the duties of the situation he may be placed in 
 by the masters. And if ever I am a member of a sick society 
 I will do my utmost to the best of my abilities to prevent it 
 being made into a trade society or combination club. — 
 Signed, J. M." 
 
 To the credit of the men, they one and all refused to sign 
 this document, with the result that it was withdrawn. 
 
 In 1845 a grant of £5 was made to the National Testimonial 
 to Rowland Hill. During this year there was great discon- 
 tent with the way in which the dispute levies were collected 
 and distributed, and it was urged that the right of the 
 branches to decide when a dispute should take place should 
 be taken from them and placed in the hands of the E.G. 
 This discontent and unrest caused a delegate meeting to be 
 held in 1846. This meeting was a most important one, and 
 was attended by 58 delegates from 54 branches. They sat 
 for twelve days, and made several important alterations in 
 the Rules, payment of members of the E.G. was instituted, 
 
34 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 the old liquor allowance at meetings was changed from beer 
 to money, its disbursement being made optional. The 
 restriction hitherto imposed on the superannuated members, 
 viz., that their total earnings should not exceed 12s. a week, 
 was removed, and they were allowed to earn what they could. 
 The travelling allowance was increased from |d. to id. per 
 mile. The levy in case of disablement was replaced by a fixed 
 grant of £150. The Executive Committee was to consist of 
 the General Secretary and seven members elected by the 
 governing branch. With a view to the inclusion of as many 
 non-Society men as possible, the Society was opened for 
 six months to men between 20 and 36 years of age at a reduced 
 scale. 
 
 The sanctioning of disputes was transferred from the 
 branch meetings to the Executive Committee, whose decision 
 was to be final. 
 
 In connection with this alteration, the delegates, in their 
 address to the members, made the following statement : 
 " The system of allowing disputes to be sanctioned by 
 meetings of our members, generally labouring under some 
 excitement or other, or misled by a plausible letter from the 
 scene of dispute, is decidedly bad. Our members do not feel 
 that responsibility in these occasions which they ought. 
 They are liable to be misled. A clever speech, party feelings, 
 a misrepresentation or a specious letter — all or any of these 
 may involve a shop or a whole branch in a dispute, unjustly, 
 and possibly without the least chance of obtaining their object. 
 Our travelling item of expenditure, and the frequency of 
 levies, attest the enormous cost of disputes. We are of opinion 
 that had a judicious check been given to this system some 
 months ago our Reports would have shown a far greater 
 amount of cash in hand than they now do. 
 
 " Impressed with the truth of these opinions, we have 
 handed over for the future the power of sanctioning disputes 
 to the Executive Committee alone. To it we have delegated 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 35 
 
 the heavy responsibilities connected with the regulation of 
 disputes, and we are of opinion that every member of our 
 Society will have reason to rejoice at this change. We have 
 provided that all information shall reach them which can be 
 useful to them, and assist them in deciding for the general 
 good. 
 
 " We trust that in future the good sense of our members 
 will in co-operation with the Executive, check or prevent 
 many rash and ill-timed strikes that otherwise might occur. 
 
 " Let us again request you will see the laws strictly 
 enforced. How often have disputes been averted by a few timely 
 words with the employers. It is surely no dishonour to explain 
 to your employer, the nature and extent of your grievance, 
 previous to striking against him. A grievance once removed 
 by argument is a victory you may be proud of. Convince 
 your employer he has done you wrong, and if he removes it, 
 it is not again established. But strike against him and 
 obtain your end, and when his day comes he will establish 
 it again, and you must, if you wish to remove it, strike again. 
 Strikes are prolific, in certain cases they beget others, and the 
 means by which we endeavour to remove evils, &c., are often 
 the means of aggravating the original, and introducing other 
 and perhaps greater ones." 
 
 1845 and 1846 were times of good trade. The cash balance 
 nearly doubled itself in 1845, and at the close of 1846 it stood 
 at £18,456, an average of £4. 2s. 8d. per member. 1848 and 
 1849 were periods of bad trade, and the splendid balance of 
 1846 had fallen by the end of 1849 to £214, an average of 
 IS. id. per member. In this crisis the Executive Committee 
 applied to the Scottish Iron Moulders' Society for a loan of 
 £100, a request which was m.ost generously met by a free gift 
 of that sum. During this financial crisis many suggestions 
 for the improvement of the Society emanated from the 
 Branches, one important result being that in 1849 the donative 
 
36 
 
 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 system was established, and so enabled a member to receive 
 out-of-work benefit, without having to travel in search of em- 
 plovment. This caused a considerable decrease in the amount 
 paid for sick benefit, thus proving that there had been 
 malingering on this fund by those who did not wish to leave 
 their home nnd go on travel. 
 
 Present Emblem, 
 
 During 1850 trade slightly improved, and the crisis of the 
 past three years was over. It had been a time of trial for 
 the members, many of whom had to make great sacrifices to 
 maintain the Society ; and it is creditable to the members 
 at that time to find that our numerical strength was well 
 maintained, there being very little reduction in our total 
 membership during this trying period. 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 37 
 
 The General Secretaries whose names we have been able 
 to trace, up to 1850 are : Robert Denham, William Mather, 
 William Harvey, and John Wroe, all of Manchester, the last- 
 named being Secretary at the time of the removal of the 
 head-quarters to London. He was succeeded by William 
 Glasebrook, who remained General Secretary up to the time 
 of a permanent officer being appointed to that position. Mr. 
 Glasebrook appears to have been a hard-working and 
 intelligent officer ; some of his correspondence is contained in a 
 letter book at the General Office. He entered the Society at 
 Dudley in 1834, ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ London in 1880. 
 
 1851 TO 1870. 
 
 In 185 1 sanction was given to the branches to conduct 
 their business away from public-houses, and the E.G. were 
 authorised to allow rent for the same. 
 
 During this year two important matters were the subject 
 of discussion through the Society. One was the introduction 
 of moulding machines. It appears that a firm at Leeds named 
 Fairbarn had patented an improved system of moulding. 
 This appears to have been resented by the members unless 
 they were allowed to work the machines. In resisting the 
 introduction of unskilled workmen on the machines, the 
 members say, " we are aware that it is the duty of all 
 to carry out any invention or improvement that may be 
 brought forward in our several branches, at the same time 
 we should take care that our own condition is not made 
 worse by the change." 
 
 We here argue that where any invention or improvement 
 is brought into any trade, that the workers belonging to that 
 trade have a just right to work the same, and not be compelled 
 to remain out of work, whilst other men totally unacquainted 
 with the business are brought forward to work the said im- 
 provements or inventions. 
 
38 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 So far as Leeds was concerned, the members appear for 
 the time to have successfully resisted the introduction of 
 unskilled labour into the trade. 
 
 The question of joining the Amalgamated Society of 
 Engineers, which had been formed in 1850, was the subject of 
 keen discussion in the branches, and a committee was 
 appointed at Oldham to consider and report on the desirability, 
 or otherwise, of joining. This committee recommended 
 amalgamation, and in their report they say : "Is the Iron 
 Moulders' Society alone of itself sufficient to withstand all 
 the aggressions that are now or in future will be made upon 
 its members ? Would not a union of the Iron Moulders' 
 Society with the Amalgamated Trades be productive of 
 great good, and enable us to overcome obstacles to our progress 
 which single-handed we are unable to accomplish ? " 
 
 The recommendations of the Oldham Committee were 
 opposed by the thenE.C, who justify their opposition on the 
 ground that if we were amalgamated, and suppose trade to be 
 in a depressed condition with us as iron moulders, would not 
 trade be proportionally depressed among engineers, m.echanics, 
 smiths, &c., and through such depression would not the funds 
 become exhausted by supporting the unemployed, &c., so 
 that we should be unable to support strikes. Would not 
 members leave the Society when in embarrassed circum- 
 stances, the same as members have left us ? Could not the 
 masters then introduce boys in proportion as they do now 
 under similar circumstances, and should we not have the want 
 of funds and those unconnected with us to contend against 
 in a similar proportion that we have evidenced in our own 
 experience." 
 
 The E.C. conclude by saying, " We have stood the test of 
 more than forty years' experience. We have been baffled 
 in our projects, and we have gained our ends. We have w^on, 
 and we have lost ; we have been up and we have been down ; 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 39 
 
 we have been in the sunshine and in the storm. We have 
 hitherto fought our own battles and we still exist, we are not 
 yet vanquished, but we are again on the highway to prosperity. 
 Let us go on. Wc have had that experience which has taught 
 us the workings of our own Society, we know what it has done, 
 and we have a faint idea of what it can do, but to destroy 
 our Society and become identified with a new one appears to 
 us a farce. Should that eventually prove a failure, what then 
 will be the result ? What then must become of those who have 
 borne the heat and burden of the day ? All to them, and not 
 to them only, but every member, will be lost." 
 
 This discussion culminated in 1852 in a vote being taken 
 instructing the E.C. to take steps to bring about amalgamation 
 with the engineers. There voted for the proposition 504, 
 against 3,063, neutral 538. So far as can be ascertained, the 
 question of amalgamation has not been considered by the 
 Society since. 
 
 The Engineers' Strike on the abolition of piece-work and 
 systematic ov^ertime during the year caused the introduction 
 by the employers of what was known as the document, which 
 made it a condition of employment that those engaged should 
 forswear Trade Unionism. 
 
 Copy of Document the Men were asked to Sign. 
 " Declaration made by the undersigned on engaging in the 
 
 employment of . I, A.B., do hereby honestly and in its 
 
 simplest sense and plainest meaning declare that I am neither 
 now nor will, while in your employment, become a member 
 or contribute to or otherwise belong to or support any trade 
 union or society which directly or indirectly by its rules or any 
 of its meetings or transactions of its business, or by any means 
 of its officers or funds, takes cognisance of, professes to con- 
 trol, or interferes with the arrangements or regulations of this 
 or any other manufacturing or trade establishment, the hours 
 or terms of labour, the contracts or agreements of employer 
 or employed, or the qualifications or period of service. I do 
 also declare that T have no purpose or intention to call in ques- 
 
40 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 tion the right of any man to follow any honest calling in 
 which he may desire to engage, or to make what arrangement 
 and engagement of the workmen he pleases upon whatever 
 terms they choose mutually to agree." 
 
 [Signed) 
 
 {Dated) 
 
 (Witnessed) 
 
 This was strenuously opposed by the moulders, and the 
 1852 report states that only 177 were excluded for signing 
 the document, and that these were principally young men who 
 had recently entered the Society. This dispute cost the 
 Society over £7,000. That the members were willing to make 
 great sacrifices in resisting the demands of the employers is 
 shown by the fact that a resolution was carried calling on 
 each working member to contribute one day's wages each 
 week toward the support of the men on strike. This was paid 
 from March 20th, 1852, to June 19th, 1852, a period of 14 
 weeks. During the next 11 weeks each working member's 
 contribution was a half -day's wages, or one -twelfth of his earn- 
 ings. 
 
 The sum of £1,336 was raised by voluntary subscriptions. 
 Out of this amount the Scottish Iron Moulders contributed the 
 handsome sum of £207. 12s. Qd. During this year it was 
 decided by vote of the members that those suffering from 
 paralysis or blindness should be entitled to the Accident 
 Allowance. 
 
 A proposition that members working overtime should 
 pay, in addition to their regular contribution, one shilling for 
 each day's overtime worked was lost. A committee con- 
 sisting of five members was appointed to enquire into the 
 present position and future prospects of the Society, and 
 its administrative work generally. 
 
 In 1853 the Society was divided into 13 districts, and 
 one member from each district elected to revise the rules. 
 A separate superannuation fund was started, but the members, 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 4I 
 
 by a narrow majority, directed the return of the sums con- 
 tributed. Among other decisions of the revision committee 
 was the assimilation of the travelHng to the donative benefit, 
 the old mileage system being abolished, and a weekly allow- 
 ance substituted, with beds in addition. 
 
 They also established a fourth-class membership, allowing 
 boys from 17 to 20 years of age to enter the Society. This 
 rule was expunged at the delegate meeting in 1858. 
 
 One important event during this year was the appoint- 
 ment by vote of the members of a General Secretary, who 
 was to devote all his time to the work of the Society, to be 
 elected for five years, at a salary of £2. 2s. per week. It 
 was also decided that the business of the General Office be 
 conducted on private premises away from the public-house. 
 
 Mr. William Harvey, who had been elected General 
 Secretary, in 1852, in the place of Mr. Glasebrook, was duly 
 elected to the office for the first five years. 
 
 Mr. Harvey was born at Dudley, in 1812, and went to 
 London in 1849. He resigned the office of G.S. in 1863, 
 when he was succeeded by Mr. D. Guile. Mr. Harvey was a 
 hard-working, painstaking officer, and it is greatly to his 
 credit that out of the chaos that existed in connection with 
 the keeping of the accounts of the Society previous to his 
 taking office, he succeeded in establishing order and method. 
 It is due to his efforts that the complete system of registration 
 of members at the General Ofhce was put in operation, and 
 the work entailed in collecting the names and dates of members 
 must have been enormous. It will easily be seen that previous 
 General Secretaries, who had to combine that office with 
 that of Branch Secretary and also get their living by working 
 at the trade, could not devote much time to this work. Our 
 first monthly report was issued during his term of office. On 
 his resigning office in 1863 he was presented by the members 
 with a gold watch and a silver snuff box. 
 
42 
 
 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 Mr. Harvey died in London, in 1878, in his 66th year. 
 
 In 1854 considerable discussion took place as to the 
 stability of the superannuation benefit, and Mr. Neison, a 
 noted actuary at that time, was asked by the Society to 
 prepare a report, showing the amount required to be paid 
 during a period of years, so as to secure an annuity after a 
 given time. He gave as his opinion that to be able to pay 
 £20 per year it would be necessary to pay the following 
 
 Mr. William Harvey 
 
 amounts annually for a period of 30 years : Age 20, £5. os. 6d. ; 
 age 25, £4. 6s. ; age 30, £3. los. ; age 35, £2. 13s. 8d. 
 
 In August, 1854, the first Monthly Report was issued, 
 and has been continued each month down to the present 
 time. When this Report was issued there were 64 branches 
 with 5,793 members. Manchester at that time was the largest 
 branch, with 606 members, while London had 420. This 
 Report was issued from Wellington Street, Blackfriars Road, 
 London, S.E. 
 
^CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 43 
 
 During this yea^- our present Emblem was first issued 
 and sold to the members. Five hundred pounds was also 
 set apart for assisting members to emigrate, the scheme being 
 that the money should be divided into three portions, and 
 that those wishing assistance were to be balloted for — ^that 
 was, providing they had deposited one-fifth of their passage 
 money in the branch to which they belonged. 
 
 The last Half-yearly Report for this year states that trade 
 was very bad, and during the 12 months ending June, 1855, 
 the expenditure exceeded the income by £380. 
 
 The year 1855 is noted for the number of propositions 
 voted on by the Society, no less than 20 resolutions from the 
 different branches being submitted to the vote of the members. 
 None of these were of sufficient importance to need mention- 
 ing, only as showing the unsettled condition of the Society 
 due, no doubt, to the continued depression during the year. 
 
 During 1856 trade somewhat revived, and the number of 
 members had increased to over 6,000 at the end of the year. 
 
 In 1857 ^ resolution was carried that a levy of ijd. be 
 paid by all members working at the trade for the purpose of 
 assisting the shipwrights and ship carpenters, and also in 
 watching the proceedings in Parliament with regard to such 
 Bills as might be introduced affecting Trade Societies. This 
 is the first instance on record of the members levying them- 
 selves for the purpose of assisting other societies, and pro- 
 tecting their interests in Parliament. 
 
 The year 1858 was marked by a severe depression of 
 trade. At the end of April there were 1,343 on unem- 
 ployed benefit. The total expenditure for the year was 
 £24,578, an amount only once before reached. During the 
 year the expenditure exceeded the income by over £10,000 ; 
 more than one-fifth of the niembers were out of employmicnt, 
 and at the close of the year the cash balance was only £1,620. 
 During the year a delegate meeting for the revision of the 
 rules was held in Manchester, commencing on October 25th 
 
44 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 and continuing until December i8th. Owing to the financial 
 condition of the Society at this time, the delegates issued a 
 circular, inviting members to lend the Society mone}^ at 4 
 per cent, interest. 
 
 One of the most important alterations in the Rules made 
 by the delegates related to the constitution of the Executive 
 Committee, which for the future w^as to consist of the General 
 Secretary and seven members of not less than five years' 
 membership elected from the London District. 
 
 The Donative Benefit was altered, the total amount a 
 member could receive in one year being £16. i8s., after 
 which his benefit to cease until he had worked six weeks at 
 the trade. 
 
 At this meeting the name of the Societ\' was altered to 
 *' The Friendly Society of Iron Founders of England, Ireland, 
 and Wales," and this name has continued to the present 
 time. The Society, when formed in 1809, was named " The 
 Friendly Society of Operative Iron Moulders of Great Britain 
 and Ireland." In 1846 it was changed to " The Friendly 
 Societ}' of Iron Moulders of England, Ireland, and Wales." 
 The only alteration in 1858 was the substitution of the word 
 " Founders " for " Moulders." Those Rules were registered 
 under the Friendly Societies Act. 
 
 In 1859 ^^ ''Annual Report " was published, and w^as 
 continued until 1863. In this " Report " the E.G. state that 
 they have reverted to the original s^'Stem of adopting Annual 
 Financial Reports. It \\as 21 years since the last " Annual 
 Report " was issued ; it consisted of a single sheet, only 
 one copy being sent to each branch with the strict injunction 
 that it was to be locked up in the branch box and read over to 
 the members on the second Monday in July, which was the 
 day appointed for the annual feast. It was not until 1859 
 that an opportunity was afforded the members to obtain 
 the reports by purchasing them if so disposed. 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 45 
 
 The " Annual Report " for 1859 also contained the names 
 of all those who had received benefit during the year, and 
 the amount paid. 
 
 Trade revived during the year, the balance in hand at its 
 close being £7,555- 
 
 Trade continued good during i860, resulting in a net 
 increase of £8,952. The year 1861 showed a marked contrast 
 to the previous year, as the average number unemployed 
 during the year was 1,166, and the Unemployed Benefit cost 
 £8,000 more than in i860. 
 
 During the year the sum of £35 was granted for assistance 
 in the General Office to be continued annually. The names 
 and attendances of the Executive Committee were published 
 for the first time. 
 
 The year 1862 opened under very adverse circumstances, 
 the Secretary stating in the first " Report " for the year that 
 it was the worst published since July, 1858. During the year 
 a strong effort was made to put the financial affairs of the 
 branches in a better condition. Audits that were made 
 revealed a generally loose method of conducting the business 
 throughout the Society, and as a result numerous cases of 
 fraud and embezzlement were discovered. 
 
 It was decided to hold a delegate meeting in London as 
 early as possible, and 13 delegates were elected to revise the 
 Rules. 
 
 This delegate meeting met at the Southampton Arms. 
 Waterloo Road, London, on Whit Monday, May 25th, 1863, 
 and continued their sittings until August i8th, 1863, a period 
 of 74 days. This was the longest delegate meeting in the 
 history of the Society, and probably holds the record so far 
 as other societies are concerned. Several important alterations 
 were made in the Rules. The Donative Benefit was extended 
 to the second year, 5s. per week being allowed. This did not 
 continue long, as it was set aside by a vote of the members. 
 
46 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 The Superannuation Benefit was rearranged, and a member 
 with over 30 years' membership, and who was over 60 years 
 of age, was allowed 4s. 6d. per week, with 35 years' member- 
 ship he was allowed 5s. 6d. per week when not working at 
 the trade. When working at the trade they were paid is. 
 per week less than the above-named sum, and were chargeable 
 with contributions the same as other members. It was also 
 decided that an Assistant General Secretary be appointed at 
 a salary of £1. i6s. per week, to be elected by the members, 
 and to hold office for four years. 
 
 The length of time occupied by the delegates caused the 
 members to fight shy of delegate meetings, and it was not 
 until 1883— just 20 years after, that another delegate meeting 
 was held. 
 
 One recommendation of the delegates is worthy of notice. 
 They recommend that a Building Committee be appointed 
 to take into consideration the building of suitable premises 
 of our own, in which to carry on the work of the Society. 
 It was over 40 years from this time before the Society com- 
 menced building premises of their own, and the delegates 
 who recommended it had long since gone over to the 
 majority. 
 
 During this year a deadlock occurred, causing a stoppage 
 of work at the General Office. The Appeal Committee having 
 decided against a decision of the Executive Committee, and 
 the Executive Committee refusing to comply, the matter 
 was placed before the Revision Committee, who suspended 
 the E.C., and also the General Secretary, who was at that 
 time considered a member of the E.C. At that time there 
 was no appeal to votes of the members against the decision 
 of the Appeal Committee. Mr. Harvey, the G.S., considered 
 he had been badly treated in the matter, sent in his resigna- 
 tion, but consented to retain office until the delegates had 
 finished their work. Nominations for the position of General 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 47 
 
 Secretary were asked for, and Mr. Daniel Guile, who had 
 acted as Chairman of the Revision Committee, was elected 
 by a majority of z,"]"]*] over the total votes given to the other 
 live candidates. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Guile, who succeeded Mr. Harvey, as General 
 Secretary, was born in Liverpool, in 1814. Previous to his 
 election he was Secretary for some years of the Liverpool 
 Branch. The Webbs, in their " History of Trade Unionism," 
 describe him as a man of attractive personality and winning 
 manner, gifted with a certain rugged eloquence. The " Lon- 
 don Echo," in commenting on his death, in 1883, said : 
 '' Working-class leaders have often been taunted with enter- 
 taining mutued jealousies and personal animosities, but 
 Daniel Guile's nature was so kindly and generous that it may 
 be said of him that he has left behind him a host of friends 
 and not a single enemy." 
 
 His influence as one of the small group designated " The 
 Junta " in the Webbs' History, show that the Society and 
 trade unionists in general are greatly indebted to him for 
 the part he took in helping by his counsel and experience in 
 shaping the trade-union legislation of the early seventies. 
 He took an active part in procuring evidence in favour of 
 trade unions to place before the Royal Commission of inquiry 
 appointed in 1867, and he also worked hard to secure the 
 repeal of the obnoxious Criminal Law Amendment Act in 
 1875. which had been passed by a Liberal Government in 
 1871. Up to this time political action had been tabooed 
 by the Society, and it is due to Mr. Guile's influence and work 
 that this feeling was removed, and by this means the Society 
 improved its position and extended its influence. 
 
 The three years following the 1863 revision of the Rules 
 were times of good trade. That, and the more settled con- 
 dition of the Society, resulted in a steady increase in the 
 membership, 10,000 being first reached in 1865, and at the 
 
200, New Kent Road, London. 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 49 
 
 close of 1866 the number of branches had increased to 106, 
 total membership to 10,769, with cash in hand amounting 
 to £27,928. 5s. 4d. 
 
 In 1865 the head-quarters of the Society were removed 
 to 200, New Kent Road, London, where it remained for over 
 40 years. 
 
 In 1866 the salary of the G.S. was increased to £2. los. 
 per week, and that of the Assistant to £2. 2s. per week. 
 
 Bad trade commenced early in 1867, and continued up 
 to the end of 1869. By the end of that year the cash balance 
 had sunk to £650, while the number of branches had fallen 
 to 102, and the total membership to 8,846. In the " Annual 
 Report " for 1868, Mr. Guile says: "We are not exaggerating 
 when we say that the experience of our Society during the 
 last two years is without a parallel in the history of trade 
 societies. Where shall we find a society with an average of 
 10,000 members can say that in two years they have expended 
 for unemployed labour alone (and that not caused by any 
 act of their own, but simply through circumstances over 
 which they had no control) the large sum of £66,864. 3s. 6d. ? 
 
 The three years ending with 1869 were years of trial and 
 suffering for the members and their families, and great 
 sacrifices were made by those in employment, in order to 
 support the Society. An extra levy of is. per week began in 
 February, 1868, and was continued until 1871. Those of the 
 members who had any savings by them willingly loaned it 
 to the Society, thus showing their faith in its durability and 
 its powers of recuperation when trade revived. 
 
 As showing the condition of the Society at this time, 
 the payment of all Accident grants had to be postponed, 
 and the Superannuation Benefit restricted to those not 
 working at the trade. An attempt to reduce the Donation, 
 Sick and Funeral Benefits was defeated by the votes of the 
 members. At the end of 1869 the Society was actually in 
 
50 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 debt to each member over I2s., while durmg the depression 
 we lost 2. 13 1 members. 
 
 The year 1870 saw a revival of trade, and although slow 
 it appears to have been steady and constant, the number of 
 members at the end of the year being 8,940, and the total 
 cash in hand over £5,809 after pa3ing off loans and interest 
 to the amount of £2,112. 6s. 6d., and all arrears of benefits, 
 excepting Accident claims. 
 
 1871 TO 1890. 
 
 1871 was an important year in the history of Trade 
 Unionism. The Act known as the Trade Unions Act, 1871, 
 was passed, and for the first time trade unions were legally 
 recognised, and it was thought at the time that their funds 
 were fully protected. 
 
 As a drawback to this Act, the Criminal Law Amendment 
 Act, passed in the same year, placed the unionist in a worse 
 position so far as the Criminal Law was concerned, as it 
 made certain acts criminal if committed by trade unionists 
 which would be legal if committed by persons outside the 
 Union. 
 
 The Society may lay claim to having assisted in passing 
 what was good in the Act of 1871, not only through the 
 advocacy of its General Secretary, but also by financial help 
 to assist in the agitation in Parliament and the country. 
 
 During the year the agitation for a nine hours' day was 
 brought to a successful issue. It started with a strike of the 
 engineers at Sunderland, in April, and was conceded to 
 them on the 2nd of May. By the end of the year it had 
 become general throughout the country. It was conceded 
 to the moulders without serious friction, and many evils 
 and injustices that had accumulated during the late depression 
 were remedied and removed. 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR, 51 
 
 Over £2,842 was paid for outstanding Accident claims, 
 and many other societies were assisted, notably the Iron 
 Moulders of Paris, with £25 ; the Iron Moulders of Chicago, 
 with £50. Grants were also made to the agricultural labourers 
 in different parts of the country. The year closed with a 
 cash balance of over £18,000. 
 
 Trade still continued to flourish in 1872, which enabled the 
 General Secretary to state in the annual Report that it had 
 been the best \^ear recorded ; the members being employed, 
 and better remunerated, than at any other period of their 
 existence. At the end of June there were onl}^ 72 members 
 on the unemployed benefit out of a total membership of over 
 10,000, the lowest average since 1844-5. 
 
 That the Criminal Law Amendment Act was causing 
 irritation and dissatisfaction with the Government responsible 
 for it is shown b}/ the following extract from the Annual 
 Report: " Those who live under the laws should have a voice 
 in the making of the laws, not merely in voting for those 
 who make the laws, but in actually making them by their 
 presence in the House of Commons." 
 
 January Monthly Report for 1873 opens with an earnest 
 appeal for subscriptions towards securing the release of the 
 five gas stokers who had been sentenced to 12 months' 
 imprisonment by Mr. Justice Brett, for conspiracy. £25 
 was voted by the E.C., and a strong effort made to secure 
 their release. The agitation resulted in the release of the 
 men after serving four months. As the Iron Founders' Society, 
 through their General Secretar}^ took an active part in the 
 agitation, it will interest our members to see the photos of 
 the Committee who met the men on their release from 
 Maidstone jail. Among the Committee are some of the most 
 prominent Trade Union leaders of that day. We are indebted 
 to Mr. W. J. Harvey, a well-known m.emiber of the London 
 E.C., for the copy of the photo here reproduced. 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 53 
 
 During the year the Superannuation Benefit was altered 
 by the votes of the members to the following : 35 years' 
 membership 5s. 6d. per week when not working at the trade, 
 and 4s. 6d. when working at the trade ; 30 years' member- 
 ship 4s. 6d. per week when not working at the trade, and 
 3s. 6d. when working ; in all cases to be 60 years of age 
 before claiming. 
 
 In 1874 the last expenditure for emigration occurred, 
 the total expenditure for that purpose being ^4,712. 3s., 
 covering a period of 20 years, but for eight years out of the 
 20 the fund was suspended. The sum of £550 was paid over 
 to the Agricultural Labourers, and £478 to the PlimsoU 
 Seaman's Defence Fund, both of these large amounts being 
 raised by a special levy. 
 
 In 1875 the obnoxious Criminal Law Amendment Act 
 was repealed, the old Conspiracy Laws were modified, and 
 the Employers' and Workmen's Act passed ; also the 
 Falsification of Accounts Act, all of which legislation proved 
 of great service to the organised workers, the Society having 
 taken an active part in securing these benefits. Trade 
 continued good through the year, and the cash balance 
 increased to £63,671. 
 
 Trade was declining in 1876, and the Report states that it 
 was the worst ^^ar since 1869 ; in spite of this the member- 
 ship increased, and over £2,000 was added to the funds. 
 
 Trade continued to get worse during 1877, and the 
 Monthly Reports were inundated with suggestions from 
 the branches. In answer to those suggestions the E.C. 
 issued the following voting paper : That the propositions 
 contained in the past Monthly Reports be not put to the vote 
 of the Society, but that a delegate meeting be held to revise 
 the rules when trade revives. This was carried, and the 
 delegate meetings did not take place until 1883. 
 
 The year 1878 opened badly, there being on donation at 
 the commencement of the year 1,768. Trade continued to 
 
54 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 get worse, and at the end of the year the number on Donation 
 had increased to 2,615, ^^^ the cash balance had decreased 
 by over £20,000. It would also be seen that owing to the 
 depressed condition of trade the employers were preparing to 
 attack the Society. The sixth annual Report of the Iron 
 Trades Employers' Association, for that year, advised their 
 members to take advantage of the numbers out of work and 
 enforce a reduction of wages, or a lengthened day's work 
 or both, and to do all they can to destroy trade societies, 
 and advise the discharging of foremen and overseers who may 
 be members of the unions. That this advice was acted upon 
 by many of the emplo3/ers is shown by the determined 
 attempt made to reduce wages and revert to the ten hours' 
 day during 1878-9. 
 
 A temporary relief fund was started for those who had 
 run through their benefit, and 5s. per week was allowed 
 for a period of 26 weeks. 
 
 18-79 w^s undoubtedly the worst year experienced by 
 the Society during the whole period of its history. During 
 the months of March and April there w^re over 3,000 on the 
 Donation Benefit, while the average number of members in 
 the various benefits during the year was 3,466, while the 
 total amount paid for unemployed labour amounted to 
 £62,8gy. los. 7id., or an average of £5. 2s. 5jd. per member ; 
 out of this amount £5,386. 12s. 7|d. was paid for Dispute 
 Benefit, spent chiefly in resisting unreasonable reductions in 
 wages, and attempts to reinforce the ten hours' day. This 
 has been called the fighting year, and there never was a time 
 when the members were called upon to resist such a combined 
 and a determined attack on their position. To meet their 
 demands a levy of is. per week was put on in October and 
 continued until August, 1880. The Loan Fund was again 
 re-opened, and those who were fortunate enough to possess 
 any spare cash willingly placed it at the disposal of the 
 Society. Tiie payment of Accident claims had to be deferred 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 
 
 55 
 
 until the advent of better times, and the cash balance at 
 the end of the year had fallen to £1,980. 
 
 During 1880 and 1881 trade continued to improve, and 
 by the end of 1881 the number on Donation was only 701, 
 while the cash balance had increased to close on £10,000. 
 A vote of the members was taken in 1880 on extending the 
 tinie worked for clearing a Card from six weeks to 12 ; this 
 was lost by a majority of 393. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Guile. 
 
 During these two years the reductions in wages that had 
 taken place during the depression were most of them regained, 
 and wages were raised to the standard existing previous to 
 1878 and 1879. 
 
 The first Monthly Report in 1882 contains the resignation 
 of Mr. D. Guile, caused by failing health. The members voted 
 him a retiring allowance of £1 per week, in addition to his 
 superannuation benefit. Mr. Guile only received this for 
 34 weeks, as he died at Brighton on the 7th of December 
 in the same vear. 
 
56 
 
 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 The election of General Secretary resulted in the return 
 of Mr. Edward Woods by a majority of 5,286 over his four 
 opponents. 
 
 Mr. Woods was born at Chelsea in 1827, and was eight 
 years Branch Secretary at Greenwich, 14 years Assistant 
 General Secretary, and four years General Secretary, in all 
 26 years ; 18 out of that total were served at the General 
 Offices. 
 
 IMr. Edward Woods. 
 
 It was decided to hold a delegate meeting in London in 
 June, 1883 ; many important changes were made in the 
 rules by the delegates. The Superannuation Benefit was 
 raised to the amount now paid, and there has been no change 
 in this benefit since. The Auxiliary Fund was merged in the 
 general funds of the Society, and various other changes of 
 less importance were made in the rules. Trade begun again 
 to decline, and the year closed with an increased number 
 on Donation. 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 57 
 
 During 1884 a census was taken of the number of Society 
 and non-society men and boys employed at the trade, with 
 the following result : Society men, 12,032 ; non-society, 
 9,382 ; boys at trade, 6,121. 
 
 Trade membership was instituted during the year, and 
 continued in force until June, 1898, when it was abolished 
 by the votes of the members. 
 
 1885 shows trade to be worse than the three previous 
 years, and it was not until the close of 1886 that any signs 
 of revival appeared. During this year a temporary relief 
 fund was again established, benefit being allowed to those 
 members with run-out cards for a period of 26 weeks. At 
 the close of the year the cash balance had fallen to £5,984. 
 
 On March 24th, 1886, the death occurred at the General 
 Office of Mr. Edward Woods, the General Secretary. He was 
 succeeded by Mr. William Hy. Hey, who was elected by a 
 clear majority of 4,479. Mr. Hey was born in 1839 ^^"^^^ 
 entered the Society at Halifax in 1858. Previous to coming 
 to the General Office as Assistant Secretary in 1882, he had 
 been for some years Secretary of the Halifax branch. During 
 his term at the General Office he was an indefatigable worker, 
 and introduced many improvements in our system of book- 
 keeping. He also prepared a number of tables, showing our 
 statistical and financial position during the whole of the 
 period that statistics were available. The complete collection 
 of Reports and documents now at the General Office were 
 mainly collected by him. There is no doubt that his devotion 
 to the work of the Society accelerated his premature break- 
 down through ill-health in 1894. 
 
 Mr. Hey died in London on February 26th, 1907. 
 
 During 1887 a vote of the members was taken on reducing 
 the Superannuation Benefit is. from each scale ; this was lost, 
 but a vote to increase the contributions of superannuated 
 members when working was carried. 
 
58 
 
 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 A serious dispute between the engineers and their em- 
 ployers at Bolton caused much suffering and privation amongst 
 our members in that district. Trade continued to steadily 
 improve, and the cash balance at the end of December was 
 over £10,000. 
 
 Votes of the members were taken in 1888 on a further 
 limitation of the hours of labour, but no steps were taken to 
 
 .x"^ 
 
 Mr. Wn.LiAM Henry Hfa'. 
 bring this about. An attempt was also made to abolish the 
 3s. Sick Benefit, which failed. At that time 3s. per week 
 was paid so long as the sickness continued. 
 
 The year 1889 was an epoch-making year in the history 
 of Trade Unionism. The success of the great dock strike, 
 and the advocacy of its able leaders, stimulated the so-called 
 unskilled workers to organise themselves, and the wave of 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 59 
 
 enthusiasm which swept the country in favour of combina- 
 tion had its effect on the older societies by adding greatly to 
 their numbers. The Iron Founders' Society benefited by 
 2,110 entrances during the year, giving a net gain of 1,603 
 members. 
 
 Substantial advances of wages were gained by 41 branches, 
 numbering 4,668 members, which average advance worked 
 out at IS. iijd. per week. 
 
 It was also decided to admit coremakers into the Societv, 
 the conditions being that they must receive the same wages 
 as the moulders. This condition has militated against its 
 success, as in most towns the Vv'ages of coremakers are lower 
 than that of the moulders. 
 
 A vote was carried in favour of obtaining an eight-hour 
 day by Act of Parliamient. 
 
 The good trade was maintained during 1890, the member- 
 ship showed a net increase of 1,016 ; 5,405 members obtained 
 advances of wages ranging from is. to 2s. per w^eek. 
 
 The Juvenile Branches which had been started a short 
 time previous made rapid progress, several new branches 
 being formed in different parts of the country. 
 
 The Federation of the Engineering and Shipbuilding 
 trades of the United Kingdom was formed, to which the 
 Society was affiliated. 
 
 The number of branches at the end of 1890 reached 116, 
 and the total membership 14,821, with a cash balance of 
 
 £47.854. 
 
 1891 TO 1908. 
 
 The year 1891 commenced with an interesting discussion 
 in the *' Report " on the formation of an International Federa- 
 tion of Moulders, tlie Secretaries of the Moulders at Mel- 
 bourne, Victoria, and Budapest, Hungary, taking part in the 
 discussion. It was also decided to withdraw from the 
 Federation of Iron Trades, owing to one of the societies 
 
60 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 affiliated to the Federation accepting moulders who were 
 eligible to join our Society into their ranks at a payment of 
 6d. per week. In view of the delegate meeting to be held in 
 September, the August *' Report " contained three letters, 
 written by well-known members, advocating the sectionising 
 of the Society. This question was voted on by the members, 
 and defeated by a majority of over i,6oo. 
 
 On Monday, September 14th, the delegates appointed to 
 revise the Rules met in London. One of the most important 
 of their decisions was the dividing of the Society into 13 
 districts, each branch to elect one representative to serve on 
 the District Committee, such Committee to meet each quarter 
 or oftener if necessary. Those committees cannot be said 
 to have been a success, whether it was that the business to 
 be transacted was not clearly defined or that their powers 
 were greatly curtailed. They eventually were limited to 
 one meeting per year, unless for special business, and were 
 totally abolished by the delegate meeting in 1905. 
 
 The delegates decided that the is. per week allowed to 
 members who had received one year's benefit should be dis- 
 continued after the second year. They also abolished over- 
 age money, and extended the time that a member could 
 enter the Society to 45 years of age. All three of these 
 decisions were afterwards rescinded by a vote of the members. 
 
 The Sick Benefit was reduced from 3s. to 2s. per week 
 after the second year so long as sickness continued. There 
 was also a reduction of 5s. on each scale of entrances up to 
 35 years of age. It was also decided that superannuated 
 members pay full contribution, and all levies except Accident 
 Levy when working at the trade. On the recommendation 
 of the Revising Committee a vote was taken on the appoint- 
 ment of an Organising Delegate, but was defeated. 
 
 The Dispute Rule was also altered, the allowance for wives 
 and children being abolished, and 15s. per week paid to all, 
 married or single. 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 6l 
 
 The year 1892 showed a declining trade. The total 
 decrease of cash during the year was £8,708. It is gratifying 
 to note that the total membership showed an increase, in 
 spite of declining trade. 
 
 A levy of 6d. per working member for the Durham miners 
 was carried by a vote of the members, and a vote was taken 
 on the question " Are you in favour of an eight -hour day 
 being obtained by Act of Parliament, or are you in favour of 
 it being obtained by Trade Union effort ? " Majority in 
 favour of Trade Union effort 690. 
 
 Trade did not improve during 1893, and a temporary 
 relief fund of 5s. per week to those with run-out cards was 
 granted. The total cash decreased during the year to the 
 amount of £9,380. 
 
 The year 1894 opened with what appeared to be a slight 
 revival in trade. Unfortunately this was not maintained. 
 Several im.portant events in connection with the history of 
 the Society occurred during the year. Early in the year 
 Mr. Hey, the General Secretary, resigned his position through 
 ill-health, and Mr. J. Maddison, who had been elected 
 Assistant Secretary when Mr Woods died, was elected 
 General Secretary by a clear majority of 7,740. 
 
 Mr. Maddison, previous to being elected Assistant Secre- 
 tary in 1886, was Secretary to the Newcastle branch, and 
 did good work in that district by organising the moulders, 
 and succeeded in getting a large number to join the 
 Society. He also rendered good service in securing 
 improved interest on the Society's reserve funds. In 
 1899 he was elected Treasurer to the newly-formed Federa- 
 tion of Trade Unions, a position he held up to his retirement 
 in 1908. He was also chosen as one of those to visit America 
 and report on the trade in that country in 1902, in connection 
 with what was known as the Mosely Commission. Mr. 
 Maddison served as Assistant and General Secretary over 
 22 years, thus establishing a record for length of service at 
 
62 
 
 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 the General Office. Mr. S. Masterson was elected Assistant 
 Secretary in 1894, when Mr. Maddison succeeded Mr. Hey. 
 
 The members on the North-east Coast, thinking the state 
 of trade justified them in seeking an advance of wages — they 
 
 Mr. Joseph Maddison. 
 
 had previously submitted to a reduction^ — ^and this advance 
 being refused, close upon 1,000 members left work, and were 
 on strike for 24 weeks, when they returned to work at the 
 same wages they were receiving before the strike. There 
 are one or two things in connection with this dispute that 
 are worthy of note. The E.C. granted permission to block 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 63 
 
 the work sent from the strike area to other shops, and granted 
 dispute pay to any of our members who might be discharged 
 through refusing to make such work. This poUcy was to a 
 great extent successful, and to the credit of the members it 
 may be said that in almost every case they refused to make 
 such work when they knew where it came from. A levy was 
 also voted by the members which enabled the vSociety to 
 pay each man 6s. per week over his ordinary donation after 
 his eight weeks' dispute had expired. By this means close 
 upon £5,000 was paid over in addition to the ordinary dispute 
 pay. This extra donation is now paid to our members who 
 are locked out through a dispute in which some other trade 
 is involved. 
 
 Perhaps the most important event in connection with 
 this dispute was that when the men returned to work a 
 Conciliation Board was established consisting of an equal 
 number of employers and workmen, before whom all ques- 
 tions affecting the workmen were to be brought, and either 
 side not being satisfied with the decisions of the Board 
 could have the matter referred to arbitration, the decision of 
 the Arbitrators to be accepted as final. With the exception 
 of a short time, this Board has continued to the present tim.e, 
 with the result that there has been no cessation of work in 
 the district since 1894. 
 
 During the dispute the men were generously supported by 
 their fellow workmen and others, £3,712. lis. 6d. being 
 raised by voluntary subscriptions. During the year it 
 was decided by a vote of the Societ}^ that our delegates to 
 the Trades Congress vote for an eight-hour day with trade 
 exemption. 
 
 Trade continued to improve through 1895, the expendi- 
 ture costing £11,638 less than in 1894. 
 
 It may be interesting to note that during the year a vote 
 w^as taken on " Are you in favour of the Government finding 
 remunerative work for the unemployed ? " This was carried 
 
64 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 by a majority of 3,240. It was also decided to set aside each 
 year a certain sum to be invested and used solely as an 
 auxiliary to the Superannuation Fund. This was continued 
 until 1905, when the delegate meeting abolished it. An 
 important Rule on power of investment was also carried 
 during the year. 
 
 The year 1896 was a year of good trade, and was taken 
 advantage of by the members throughout the country to 
 improve their conditions ; over 11,000 secured advances in 
 wages ranging from is. to 4s. per week ; 1,500 had their 
 working hours reduced from 54 to 53 hours per week, the 
 advance of w^ages in the aggregate amounting to over £1,100 
 per week. The total increase of membership during the 
 year was 1,102, while the cash balance increased by over 
 £20,000. 
 
 During the year a vote was taken on " Shall we appoint a 
 Travelling Auditor ? " This was defeated by a majority of 
 
 2,154. 
 
 The most important event in 1897 was the lock-out of 
 the allied trades throughout the country by the Federated 
 Employers, caused by a demand for an eight-hour day in the 
 London district. Our m.embers in London refused to join 
 in the demand, as they had a number of shops that w^re 
 already working under the system, and had only recently 
 received an advance of wages in the district. This decision 
 was afterwards ratified by a vote of all the members, who 
 decided by a majority of close on 3,000 against joining the 
 London Eight-hours Committee. That our members sym- 
 pathised with the locked-out men is shown by the fact that 
 they decided to grant them £150 per week so long as the 
 lock-out continued. The total amount paid over by the end 
 of the lock-out was £2,700 — by far the largest amount ever 
 paid to other trades in one dispute. It was also decided to 
 pay all our members who lost their work through the lock-out 
 63. per week in addition to their ordinary Donation. 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 65 
 
 In spite of the lock-out and its effect on our members, 
 it is gratifying to find that our membership increased during 
 the year by over 600, while our total decrease in cash was 
 less than £500, although it cost over £30,000 for Donation 
 and extra Donation alone. 
 
 During 1898 a Federation scheme was put forward by the 
 Trade Union Congress, to be submitted to a Conference to be 
 held in Manchester early in 1899. The Society decided by 
 vote to be represented at this Conference. It was also decided 
 during the year to discontinue allowing members to enter 
 the Society under the Trade Membership Rule. 
 
 Trade continued exceptionally good during the year. 
 The lock-out was settled by the men withdrawing their 
 demands, and a plan for the future regulating of the method 
 of working, &c., was agreed to by the employers and workmen. 
 During the year our cash increased by over £22,000. 
 
 In 1899 th^ scheme of federation adopted by the Man- 
 chester Conference was launched in London at a meeting 
 held on July 19th, Mr. Maddison, our G.S., being appointed 
 Treasurer with a seat on the Management Committee. The 
 members decided by vote that members working in Scotland 
 be entitled to the same benefits as those working in England. 
 
 This year was one of the most prosperous in our history, 
 and our members took advantage of the good trade to secure 
 substantial advances of wages in different parts of the country. 
 
 The year 1900 was also a prosperous year, as at the close 
 of the year our total cash in hand amounted to 
 £107,048. 2s. 7jd., or an average per member of £5. i6s. 7^d. — 
 a record amount never before reached. 
 
 During this and the two following years the whole Trade 
 Union world was agitated and , alarmed by the decision of 
 Judge Farwell, in what was known as the Taff Vale case, 
 viz., that a Trade Union could be sued and held responsible 
 for an act committed by an individual member without the 
 authority of his society. This decision was afterwards upheld 
 
66 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 by the House of Lords on appeal. This had one good result- 
 it convinced our members (what argument had previously 
 failed to do) that those unjust laws could not and would not 
 be repealed until a sufficient number of men of our own class 
 had been returned to the House of Commons to look after 
 the interests of the workers. In order to enable us to do our 
 share in this work, the following important resolution was 
 carried during 1902 by a majorit\' of over 2,000 : " That in 
 the opinion of your E.G., the necessity for increased labour 
 representation in the House of Commons has been clearly 
 demonstrated by the recent decisions in the House of Lords, 
 and with a view to assisting in the formation of a party in- 
 dependent of either political party, we pay a levy of 3d. per 
 working member per quarter." 
 
 In order to give effect to this resolution it was decided to 
 elect a Parliamentary Candidate and Organiser at a salary 
 of £200 per year when not a member of Parliament, to be 
 increased to £300 if elected to sit in Parliament. Six candi- 
 dates contested the position, Mr. Arthur Henderson being 
 the successful candidate. Mr. Henderson previous to his 
 election by the Society had filled many important positions, 
 having served on the City Council of Newcastle-upon-T^^ne, 
 the Durham County Council, and the Darlington Borough 
 Council, afterwards being elected Mayor of that town. It 
 was mainly due to his efforts that the Conciliation Board 
 was formed on the North-east Coast, and he acted as Secretary 
 to that Board until his election to Parliament. 
 
 During 1903 a vacancy occurred in the Barnard Castle 
 Division owing to the death of Sir Joseph Pease, and as Mr. 
 Henderson had held the position of Parliamentary Agent to 
 the late member for some timie previous to his death, he was 
 well known and well acquainted with the constituency. After 
 consultation with the E.C. it was decided that Mr. Henderson 
 contest the election as a Labour candidate run under the 
 rules of the L.R.C. The result of the election was that Mr. 
 
o 
 
 Q 
 O 
 
 u 
 
 o 
 
 u 
 
 w 
 
 > 
 H 
 
 u 
 
 w 
 
 w 6 
 
 H 
 
 CO 
 
 < 
 
 Q 
 
 PQ 
 
68 
 
 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 Henderson was returned by a majority of 47, the figures 
 being Henderson (Lab.), 3,370 ; Vane (Con.), 3,323 ; Beau- 
 mont (Lib.), 2,8og. The importance of this election consists 
 in the fact that Mr. Henderson was the first candidate run 
 under the auspices of the Labour Party to win a seat against 
 both a Liberal and a Conservative. At the General Election 
 in 1906, he beat the Conservative candidate by a majority of 
 1,652. 
 
 Mr. Arthur Henderson, M.P. 
 
 Mr. Henderson's work in Parliament, and the position he 
 holds in the councils of the Labour Party are too well known 
 to need repeating here. It is sufficient to say that his work 
 both inside and outside the House of Commons has fully 
 justified the choice of the members. 
 
 In 1901 the Society was expelled from the Trade Union 
 Congress owing to a dispute with the brass moulders at 
 Liverpool, and has not been represented since. A vote was 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 
 
 69 
 
 taken in 1906 on reaffiliation, but was negatived by a small 
 maj ority. 
 
 During 1904 the question of removing the General Office 
 was considered, as the lease at 200, New Kent Road, expired 
 in 1906. Two votes were taken ; (i) " Where shall it be 
 
 Present General Office. 
 
 located ? " resulting in Manchester being selected ; (2) 
 " Shall we build premises ? " this being decided in the 
 affirmative. A plot of ground was purchased in the Chorlton 
 Road, and the permanent building erected at a cost of ;f 2, 544, 
 including fittings, &c. The building was formally opened 
 by Mr. Henderson in November, 1905. 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 7I 
 
 It was decided by a vote of the Society to hold a delegate 
 meeting for the revision of the Rules during 1905, and also 
 that Mr. Henderson be one of the delegates, in addition to 
 the 13 usually elected. This meeting was held in September, 
 and made some drastic alterations in the Rules, the area 
 for the election of the E.G. being extended to 45 miles from 
 the General Office. All levies for monthly and annual 
 *' Reports," and also Accident levies were abolished. The 
 time for Dispute Benefit was extended from eight weeks to 
 26, with a further extension of 26 weeks if decided upon by 
 a vote of the Society. These, with many other minor changes, 
 stamp the delegate meeting of 1905 as one of the most im- 
 portant in the history of the Society. Time and experience 
 will eventually prove whether these changes have benefited 
 the Society or otherwise. 
 
 Another important matter was the decision to hold a 
 conference with the various moulders' societies, with a view 
 to amalgamation, federation, or working agreement. This 
 conference was held in 1906, and 10 societies, including our 
 own, were affiliated under the name of " The Federation of 
 Gollateral Trades." It is hoped that this Federation will 
 tend to prevent that friction which has sometimes existed 
 between different sections of the moulding trade, and which 
 has proved detrimental to the interests of all concerned. 
 
 The events of the past two years will be fresh in the 
 micmory of the members. In September, 1908, Mr. Maddison 
 resigned the position of General Secretary, and was succeeded 
 by Mr. Masterson, the position of Assistant Secretary being 
 filled by the election of Mr. William M. Lawson, of Sheffield. 
 
 Unfortunately, we close 1908 with one of those severe 
 depressions of trade which seem inevitable under the present 
 industrial system. Fortunately there are indications that 
 drastic and beneficial changes will soon be brought about in 
 the interests of the workers, resulting in the curse of unem- 
 
72 
 
 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 ployment being removed, better provision being made for 
 the aged poor, and the Hves of our women and children 
 made brighter and happier by improved environment. When 
 those results are realised, it is to be hoped that our members 
 will remember with gratitude the work that was done by 
 
 Mr. Samuel Masterson. 
 
 the members in the early history of the Society, and that it is 
 due to a great extent to their sacrifices and privations that 
 has made an improved condition of things possible. 
 
 SAMUEL MASTERSON, 
 
 Eor Executive Council. 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 73 
 
 It is now our painful duty to close this Souvenir with the 
 death of the writer. As previously stated, Mr. Masterson was 
 appointed to succeed Mr. Maddison as General Secretary, 
 and he should have entered on the duties of that position 
 on Monday, September 28th, 1908 ; but, alas ! Divine 
 Providence willed it otherwise. He passed away on Thursday 
 evening, September 24th, after a somewhat long and painful 
 
 Mr. William M. Lawson. 
 
 illness, just two days prior to the expiry of his term"' of 
 Assistant Secretary, having held that position for 14 years and 
 three months, although he had resigned the position of General 
 Secretary a week previous to his death, which was evidence 
 that he felt the end was fast approaching. Doubtless he 
 little thought when commencing to write this Souvenir that 
 his own death would appear in its closing chapter. 
 
74 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 His death was deeply lamented by his most intimate 
 friends. He was a well-known figure in the Trade Union Move- 
 ment, an active and earnest worker in the cause of social 
 reform, and the betterment of the conditions of labour 
 generally. He was elected an Alderman of the Borough of 
 Southwark in 1904, but resigned in 1906, owing to removing 
 to Manchester. 
 
 With the death of Mr. Masterson it became necessary to 
 invite nominations for General Secretaryship. Five candi- 
 dates entered the contest, and Mr. William M. Lawson, of 
 Sheffield, having a clear majority of 1,508 over all the other 
 candidates, was declared duly elected on December 5th, 
 1908. 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 
 
 n 
 
 A Few Veteran Workers in the Society 
 during the Century. 
 
 Thomas Tupman was born on April 29th, 1810, and joined 
 the society in June, 1829, at Butterley. On the same evening 
 
 Mr. Thomas Tupman. 
 
 he was made a member he was also made Branch Secretary, 
 and remained so until the year 1834, when he removed to Old- 
 ham. He had not been very long in his new place of abode 
 before he was selected as Branch Secretary by his fellow mem- 
 bers, and in 1846 was appointed a delegate to assist in the 
 revision of the rules. Mr. Tupman possessed natural abilities 
 of no mean order, and many improvements in the workings of 
 the society were the result of his counsel and advice. When 
 he was foreman he often loaned money to the society in its 
 time of need, and this act always had its effect in giving heart 
 
78 
 
 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 to his weaker fellows, many of whom have been known to 
 remark that he would never die out of harness. This fact, after 
 40 years' active service as Branch Secretary and over 58 years' 
 membership, was painfully realised, for on Friday, June 24th, 
 1887, Mr. Tupman had prepared for going to the club-house to 
 perform his duties in paying the unemployed, &c., when he 
 was seized with a fainting sickness from which he never 
 recovered, but expired the same evening. To commemorate 
 his work for the society, a memorial tombstone was erected 
 
 Mr. Absalom Beech. 
 
 over his grave in Oldham Cemetery, the result of subscriptions 
 by the members. 
 
 Absalom Beech was born on December 8th, 1813, and 
 entered the society on August 3rd, 1834, at Stockport. He held 
 the position of Branch Secretary at Stockport for over 40 years, 
 and had only one slight break in that capacity. He was also 
 one of the delegates appointed to revise the rules in 1846. Mr. 
 Beech's qualities were steadfast and true, rather than brilliant. 
 He was always a true trade unionist, and this at a time when 
 it was not so easy to remain steadfast to those principles as 
 
CENTENARY SOUVENIR. 
 
 79 
 
 it is at the present time. He was Branch Secretary at the 
 time of his death, which took place on October 27th, 1888, in 
 his 76th year. 
 
 Andrew Mackereth was born on January ist, 1823, and joined 
 the society at Lancaster on September 2nd, 1843. He was an 
 earnest and zealous worker in the society's interest, and was one 
 of the delegates appointed to revise the rules in 1853. At the 
 time of his death, which took place on August 21st, 1896, he 
 
 Mr. Andrew Mackereth. 
 
 had been Secretary of the Blackburn Branch for over nine 
 years. 
 
 James Booley was born on March nth, 1827, and entered 
 the society at Manchester on February 26th, 1850. He was 
 Treasurer of the Salford Branch for 15 years, and afterwards 
 Secretary for over 35 years — a continuous term of service in 
 the society of over 50 years. He resigned the position of Secre- 
 tary in 1907 owing to failing eyesight. During his term of 
 office he rendered valuable services to the society in settling 
 
8o 
 
 THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY OF IRON FOUNDERS. 
 
 disputes in the Branch between the employers and their work- 
 men, his practical knowledge and sound judgment being always 
 placed at the service of the society when required. 
 
 There are several others who are deserving of mention for 
 their long service and fidelity to the society, viz. : Thomas 
 Owen, who was Secretary of the Liverpool Branch for 31 years 
 and attended three delegate meetings for the revision of the 
 rules, viz., 1853, 1883, and 1891, being unanimously elected 
 
 Mr. James Booley. 
 
 chairman of the meeting in 1883. He died in 1894. Also 
 Benjamin Batten, who was Secretary of the Lincoln Branch for 
 over 30 years, and died in 1894. William Hemsley, who was 
 Secretary of the Newcastle Branch for 19 years, commencing 
 in 1842. He was also one of the delegates appointed to revise 
 the rules in 1853. He was a man of sound judgment^ and 
 possessed a thorough knowledge of the society's rules, which 
 rendered his advice valuable to the members. He died on 
 January 4th, 1891. 
 
TABLE I. (a.) 
 
 Showing amounts paid, and averages per Member for Donation and Superannuation 
 each year from 1832 to 1908 inchisive. 
 
 
 93 
 
 O 0) 
 
 DONATION. 
 
 SUPERANNUATION. 
 
 
 
 Average per 
 
 
 Average 
 
 per 
 
 Year. 
 
 o c 
 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Member. 
 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Member. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Per 
 
 
 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 Week. 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Week 
 
 
 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 d. 
 
 1832 
 
 44 
 
 1,191 
 
 593 5 
 
 9 llj 
 
 
 
 ll 
 
 
 
 
 1833 
 
 44 
 
 1,332 
 
 820 6 10 
 
 12 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1834 
 
 44 
 
 1,671 
 
 663 17 OJ 
 
 7 llj 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1835 
 
 45 
 
 1,987 
 
 507 14 li 
 
 5 n 
 
 
 
 li 
 
 
 
 
 1836 
 
 47 
 
 2,268 
 
 846 13 6 
 
 3 Of 
 
 
 
 0| 
 
 98" '2' 
 
 oioi 
 
 64 
 
 1837 
 
 51 
 
 2,355 
 
 3,974 17 9 
 
 33 9| 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 109 2 
 
 71 
 
 04 
 
 1838 
 
 56 
 
 3,220 
 
 3,468 7 6i 
 
 21 64 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 126 19 
 
 9i 
 
 01 
 
 1839 
 
 60 
 
 3,412 
 
 3,764 3 0^ 
 
 22 Of 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 157 19 
 
 11| 
 
 Oi 
 
 1840 
 
 59 
 
 3,498 
 
 5,745 10 
 
 82 lOJ 
 
 
 
 7i 
 
 168 16 9 
 
 11^ 
 
 Oi 
 
 1841 
 
 55 
 
 2,962 
 
 4,384 9 41 
 
 29 7| 
 
 
 
 61 
 
 141 16 3 
 
 h| 
 
 Oi 
 
 1842 
 
 54 
 
 2,427 
 
 2,899 13 3 
 
 28 10| 
 
 
 
 5i 
 
 111 6 6 
 
 11 
 
 Oi 
 
 1843 
 
 53 
 
 2,745 
 
 1,898 3 6i 
 
 13 10 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 134 8 
 
 9k 
 
 Oi 
 
 1844 
 
 53 
 
 3,461 
 
 1,068 1 8 
 
 6 2 
 
 
 
 li 
 
 125 19 
 
 7i 
 
 Oi 
 
 1845 
 
 56 
 
 4,216 
 
 551 6 10 
 
 2 7h 
 
 
 
 oi 
 
 124 2 
 
 6 
 
 Oi 
 
 1846 
 
 56 
 
 4.463 
 
 1.267 16 9 
 
 5 81 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 96 8 
 
 5k 
 
 Oi 
 
 1847 
 
 58 
 
 4,638 
 
 8,694 19 3A 
 
 37 6 
 
 
 
 81 
 
 202 8 
 
 lOi 
 
 Oi 
 
 1848 
 
 65 
 
 4,343 
 
 21,160 4 8 
 
 97 5J 
 
 1 
 
 loi 
 
 239 10 4 
 
 1 li 
 
 Oi 
 
 1849 
 
 59 
 
 3,958 
 
 12,821 17 6h 
 
 64 9i 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 223 1 4 
 
 1 14 
 
 Oi 
 
 1850 
 
 62 
 
 4.073 
 
 6,689 13 10^ 
 
 33 10 
 
 
 
 7i 
 
 259 8 
 
 1 Sk 
 
 Oi 
 
 1851 
 
 61 
 
 4,585 
 
 5,247 16 Hi 
 
 22 10| 
 
 
 
 5i 
 
 239 13 
 
 1 Oi 
 
 Oi 
 
 1852 
 
 62 
 
 4,445 
 
 13.137 7 Wh 
 
 59 li 
 
 1 
 
 If 
 
 242 11 
 
 1 ll 
 
 Oi 
 
 1853 
 
 60 
 
 4,984 
 
 2,929 12 5| 
 
 11 9 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 260 7 li 
 
 1 04 
 
 Oi 
 
 1854 
 
 66 
 
 5,335 
 
 4,860 9 2i 
 
 18 2| 
 
 
 
 4i 
 
 790 8 5 
 
 2 H4 
 
 Oi 
 
 1855 
 
 66 
 
 5,685 
 
 10,149 4 31 
 
 35 8i 
 
 
 
 9| 
 
 891 16 
 
 3 If 
 
 Oi 
 
 1856 
 
 68 
 
 6,116 
 
 9,467 17 4 
 
 30 Hi 
 
 
 
 7k 
 
 925 4 
 
 3 Ok 
 
 Oi 
 
 1857 
 
 71 
 
 6,421 
 
 10,075 6* 
 
 31 4i 
 
 
 
 7k 
 
 1,108 10 
 
 3 54 
 
 Oi 
 
 1858 
 
 73 
 
 6,637 
 
 17,483 14 4 
 
 52 8i 
 
 1 
 
 Ok 
 
 1,150 1 6 
 
 3 54 
 
 Oi 
 
 1859 
 
 75 
 
 7,317 
 
 6,410 16 IJ 
 
 17 6i 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1,052 13 6 
 
 2 104 
 
 Oi 
 
 1860 
 
 78 
 
 7,973 
 
 3,941 12 7 
 
 9 10| 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 962 11 10 
 
 2 5 
 
 Oi 
 
 1861 
 
 81 
 
 8,229 
 
 12,053 2 9 
 
 29 3i 
 
 
 
 6| 
 
 975 9 
 
 2 44 
 
 04 
 
 1862 
 
 83 
 
 8,458 
 
 19,823 5 Hi 
 
 46 lOi 
 
 101 
 
 1,020 15 2 
 
 2 5 
 
 04 
 
 1863 
 
 27 
 
 8,840 
 
 14,651 12 8 
 
 33 If 
 
 
 
 7i 
 
 1,100 13 10 
 
 2 6 
 
 04 
 
 1864 
 
 92 
 
 9,723 
 
 9,223 8 10 
 
 18 Hi 
 
 
 
 4| 
 
 1,291 16 
 
 2 8 
 
 04 
 
 1865 
 
 97 
 
 10,604 
 
 8,217 11 
 
 15 6 
 
 
 
 3i 
 
 1,298 19 5 
 
 2 54 
 
 04 
 
 1866 
 
 106 
 
 11,121 
 
 14,876 4 11 
 
 26 9 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 1,330 7 6 
 
 2 4f 
 
 04 
 
 1867 
 
 105 
 
 10,839 
 
 35,272 1 1 
 
 65 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1,405 11 8 
 
 2 7 
 
 04 
 
 1868 
 
 104 
 
 9,853 
 
 31,592 2 5 
 
 64 1| 
 
 1 
 
 21 
 
 1,717 9 1 
 
 3 6i 
 
 Of 
 
 1869 
 
 103 
 
 8,990 
 
 24,886 13 4 
 
 55 4i 
 
 1 
 
 01 
 
 1,796 16 6 
 
 4 
 
 Oi 
 
 1870 
 
 101 
 
 8,994 
 
 13,539 9 4 
 
 30 11 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 1,769 17 3 
 
 3 llj 
 
 1 
 
 1871 
 
 99 
 
 10,019 
 
 5,447 9 
 
 10 lOi 
 
 
 
 2k 
 
 1,792 9 7 
 
 3 7 
 
 Of 
 
 1872 
 
 100 
 
 10,634 
 
 2,887 5 8 
 
 5 5J 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 2,336 11 10 
 
 4 24 
 
 1 
 
 1873 
 
 104 
 
 11,512 
 
 7,679 7 
 
 13 4 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2,171 19 2 
 
 3 9i 
 
 Oi 
 
 1874 
 
 106 
 
 11,925 
 
 10,712 2 11 
 
 17 Hi 
 
 
 
 4J 
 
 2,772 15 
 
 4 7| 
 
 1 
 
 1875 
 
 107 
 
 12,336 
 
 11,186 19 1 
 
 18 1| 
 
 
 
 4i 
 
 2,998 1 6 
 
 4 10k 
 
 1 
 
 1876 
 
 110 
 
 12,627 
 
 17,689 3 6 
 
 28 OJ 
 
 
 
 6i 
 
 3,307 7 10 
 
 5 2| 
 
 li 
 
 1877 
 
 112 
 
 12,612 
 
 25,337 10 5 
 
 40 2i 
 
 
 
 9k 
 
 3,452 1 6 
 
 5 5i 
 
 li 
 
 1878 
 
 113 
 
 12,620 
 
 38,486 14 7 
 
 61 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3,653 12 
 
 5 9i 
 
 li 
 
 1879 
 
 112 
 
 12,276 
 
 57,510 18 
 
 98 8i 
 
 1 
 
 9i 
 
 8,727 4 
 
 6 Oi 
 
 14 
 
 1880 
 
 111 
 
 11,580 
 
 24,243 19 
 
 41 lOi 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 4.144 14 10 
 
 7 2 
 
 i| 
 
 1881 
 
 111 
 
 11,201 
 
 18,310 8 
 
 32 8J 
 
 
 
 7i 
 
 4,537 4 8 
 
 8 li 
 
 i| 
 
 1882 
 
 108 
 
 11,448 
 
 10,466 14 2 
 
 18 3i 
 
 
 
 4| 
 
 4,786 14 3 
 
 8 4i 
 
 2 
 
 1883 
 
 109 
 
 11,917 
 
 11,461 4 4 
 
 19 2i 
 
 
 
 4i 
 
 5,166 2 7 
 
 8 8 
 
 2 
 
 1884 
 
 113 
 
 12,415 
 
 18,847 18 3 
 
 30 4| 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 5,715 19 7 
 
 9 U 
 
 9 a 
 
 1885 
 
 115 
 
 12,376 
 
 26,970 9 
 
 43 7 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6,215 17 10 
 
 10 04 
 
 24 
 
 1886 
 
 114 
 
 12,037 
 
 32,856 2 8 
 
 54 7 
 
 1 
 
 Oi 
 
 7,182 5 8 
 
 11 HJ 
 
 2i 
 
 1887 
 
 114 
 
 11,718 
 
 21,801 2 4 
 
 37 2i 
 
 
 
 8i 
 
 7,692 10 11 
 
 13 1* 
 
 3 
 
 1888 
 
 115 
 
 12,202 
 
 12,629 9 10 
 
 20 8i 
 
 
 
 4| 
 
 8,028 10 9 
 
 13 2 
 
 8 
 
 1889 
 
 114 
 
 13,805 
 
 5,311 10 2 
 
 7 8i 
 
 
 
 if 
 
 7,935 1 7 
 
 11 5i 
 
 2^ 
 
 1890 
 
 116 
 
 14,821 
 
 8,206 6 6 
 
 11 1 
 
 
 
 2i 
 
 7,960 11 4 
 
 10 9 
 
 24 
 
 1891 
 
 117 
 
 15,291 
 
 15,196 15 2i 
 
 19 10 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 8,247 13 1 
 
 10 94 
 
 24 
 
 1892 
 
 117 
 
 15,190 
 
 29,600 8 10 
 
 88 51 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 9,307 12 9 
 
 12 3 
 
 2| 
 
 1693 
 
 122 
 
 15,050 
 
 82,480 2 9 
 
 43 2 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10,053 9 4 
 
 13 4J 
 
 8 
 
 1894 
 
 122 
 
 15,195 
 
 87,383 7 4 
 
 49 2| 
 
 oiii 1 
 
 11,028 6 
 
 14 6t 
 
 3i 
 
 1895 
 
 121 
 
 15,176 
 
 25,750 3 8 
 
 33 Hi 
 
 
 
 7i 
 
 11,483 8 6 
 
 15 14 
 
 34 
 
 1896 
 
 122 
 
 16,278 
 
 10,417 3 6 
 
 13 2f 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 11,922 11 9 
 
 15 1| 
 
 34 
 
 1897 
 
 125 
 
 16,915 
 
 80,300 13 3 
 
 36 5i 
 
 
 
 8i 
 
 12,314 15 7 
 
 14 9| 
 
 3i 
 
 1898 
 
 125 
 
 17,295 
 
 16,836 10 10 
 
 19 91 
 
 
 
 4i 
 
 12,856 4 7 
 
 15 If 
 
 34 
 
 1899 
 
 125 
 
 17,971 
 
 6,628 17 10 
 
 7 9 
 
 
 
 1| 
 
 13,235 11 8 
 
 15 Oi 
 
 34 
 
 1900 
 
 126 
 
 18,357 
 
 11,172 14 1 
 
 12 3f 
 
 
 
 2i^ 
 
 13,937 5 5 
 
 15 4 
 
 3* 
 
 1901 
 
 127 
 
 18,268 
 
 24,922 19 9 
 
 27 3i 
 
 
 
 64 
 
 15.081 11 3 
 
 16 6 
 
 31 
 
 1902 
 
 127 
 
 18,287 
 
 28,670 12 6 
 
 31 41 
 
 
 
 7k 
 
 16,350 19 8 
 
 17 10| 
 
 4i 
 
 1903 
 
 128 
 
 18,427 
 
 24,457 4 10 
 
 26 7i 
 
 
 
 6i 
 
 17,526 8 11 
 
 19 1 
 
 44 
 
 1904 
 
 128 
 
 18,426 
 
 39,476 10 11 
 
 42 9| 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 19,662 7 6 
 
 21 33 
 
 6 
 
 1905 
 
 128 
 
 18,474 
 
 27,404 2 4 
 
 29 8 
 
 
 
 6! 
 
 19,870 14 7 
 
 21 6 
 
 4| 
 41 
 
 1906 
 
 128 
 
 19,264 
 
 17,682 14 2 
 
 18 9 
 
 
 
 4i 
 
 19,879 7 3 
 
 21 Oi 
 
 1907 
 
 128 
 
 19,501 
 
 23,073 13 
 
 23 7| 
 
 
 
 6i 
 
 20,443 5 5 
 
 20 114 
 
 4J 
 
 1908 
 
 128 
 
 19,019 
 
 67,812 17 1 
 
 70 7i 
 
 1 
 
 4| 
 
 21,875 19 7 
 
 22 9| 
 
 5i 
 
TABLE I. (b.) 
 
 Showing amounts paid and averages per Member for Sick, Funeral, and Accidents 
 each vear from 1832 to 1908 inclusive. - 
 
 Year. 
 
 1832 
 
 1833 
 
 1834 
 
 1835 
 
 1836 
 
 1837 
 
 1838 
 
 1839 
 
 1840 
 
 1841 
 
 1842 
 
 1843 
 
 1844 
 
 1845 
 
 1846 
 
 1847 
 
 1848 
 
 1849 
 
 1850 
 
 1851 
 
 1852 
 
 1853 
 
 1854 
 
 1855 
 
 1856 
 
 1857 
 
 1858 
 
 1859 
 
 1860 
 
 1861 
 
 1862 
 
 1863 
 
 1864 
 
 1865 
 
 1866 
 
 1867 
 
 1868 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 1888 
 
 1889 
 
 1890 
 
 1891 
 
 1892 
 
 1893 
 
 1894 
 
 1895 
 
 1896 
 
 1897 
 
 1898 
 
 1899 
 
 1900 
 
 1901 
 
 1902 
 
 1903 
 
 1904 
 
 1905 
 
 1906 
 
 1907 
 
 1908 
 
 O <U 
 
 is 
 
 1,191 
 1,332 
 1,671 
 1,987 
 2,263 
 2,355 
 3,220 
 3,412 
 3,498 
 2,962 
 2,427 
 2.745 
 3,461 
 4,216 
 4,463 
 4,638 
 4,343 
 3,958 
 4,073 
 4,585 
 4,445 
 4,984 
 5,335 
 5,685 
 6,116 
 6,421 
 6,637 
 7,317 
 7,973 
 8,229 
 8,458 
 8,840 
 9,728 
 10,604 
 11,121 
 10,839 
 9,853 
 8,990 
 8,994 
 10,019 
 10,634 
 11,512 
 11,925 
 12,336 
 12,627 
 12,612 
 12,620 
 12,276 
 11,580 
 11,201 
 11.448 
 11,917 
 12,415 
 12,376 
 12,037 
 11,718 
 12,202 
 13,805 
 14,821 
 15,291 
 15,190 
 15,050 
 J5,195 
 15,176 
 16,278 
 16,915 
 17,295 
 17,971 
 18,357 
 18,268 
 18,287 
 18,427 
 18,426 
 18,474 
 19,264 
 19,501 
 19,019 
 
 SICK. 
 
 Average per 
 Member. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 10 
 
 04 
 
 10 
 
 
 2i 
 1 
 3 
 8 
 6 
 7 
 3^ 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 £ s. 
 
 698 1 
 
 878 5 
 
 911 16 
 1,057 16 
 1,099 
 2,459 
 1,709 
 2,050 
 2,444 
 2,721 
 1,192 
 
 929 
 1,186 8 
 1,367 19 
 2,055 7 
 2,681 12 
 2,662 
 1,225 
 1,471 
 1,696 
 1,696 
 1,611 19 
 1,747 
 1,861 
 2,073 
 2,296 
 2,237 
 2,264 15 
 2,617 14 
 2,748 17 
 2,883 
 3,325 4 
 4,611 12 
 4.813 5 
 5,205 7 
 4,908 3 
 4,202 10 
 3,733 13 
 3,742 9 
 4,564 2 
 5,153 1 
 5,216 15 
 5,940 15 
 6,607 18 
 6,675 7 
 6,337 13 
 6,520 18 11 
 6,260 17 5 
 6,106 5 3 
 
 6.440 17 1 
 6,033 1 
 6,726 9 6 
 6,456 5 6 
 6.404 19 2 
 6,231 1 3 
 6,192 7 6 
 6,658 12 2 
 
 6.441 7 6 
 7,919 12 4 
 9,061 19 10 
 8,051 10 9 
 8,003 19 
 7,130 12 
 7,939 
 7,828 8 
 8,509 9 
 8,541 2 
 9,988 19 
 
 10,302 11 10 
 
 9,575 9 8 
 
 9,238 
 
 9,189 15 
 
 9,529 11 
 
 9,244 18 
 
 11,448 1 
 
 11,884 6 
 
 11,416 
 
 9 7 
 16 10 
 5 3i 
 37 17 9i 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 10 
 
 8 
 2 
 9 
 2 
 8 
 5 
 3 
 4 
 7 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 8 4 
 
 Per 
 Year ^^ 
 
 s. d. 
 
 11 8f 
 13 21 
 10 11 
 10 7| 
 
 9 8^ 
 20 10| 
 
 10 7* 
 
 12 OJ 
 
 13 114 
 18 4| 
 
 9 lOJ 
 6 8 
 6 lOi 
 6 51 
 
 9 2k 
 
 11 74 
 16 lOJ 
 
 6 2J 
 
 7 2| 
 7 41 
 7 74 
 6 52 
 6 6i 
 6 64 
 
 6 9i 
 
 7 1| 
 6 9 
 6 21 
 6 6| 
 6 8J 
 
 6 9| 
 
 7 6i 
 
 9 5| 
 9 1 
 9 4i 
 9 0| 
 
 8 6J 
 8 3| 
 
 8 3| 
 
 9 li 
 9 8i 
 9- Of 
 9 114 
 
 10 84 
 10 7 
 10 0| 
 10 4 
 10 2§ 
 
 10 64 
 
 11 6 
 
 10 64 
 
 11 34 
 10 4| 
 10 4i 
 10 4i 
 
 10 6| 
 
 10 11 
 9 4 
 
 10 8i 
 
 FUNERALS. 
 
 ii 
 
 10 
 
 7i 
 
 10 
 
 7| 
 
 9 
 
 ii 
 
 10 
 
 5A 
 
 9 Hi 1 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 0:? 
 
 11 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 4i 
 
 10 
 
 53 
 
 10 
 
 li 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 U 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 103 
 
 d. 
 2| 
 01 
 
 2h 
 
 2h 
 2i 
 
 2i 
 2| 
 31 
 4i 
 
 ?l 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 21 
 
 Si 
 
 14 
 
 n 
 n 
 If 
 ii 
 u 
 
 14 
 Ih 
 
 1| 
 1^ 
 
 l| 
 1^ 
 
 li 
 
 u 
 ll 
 
 Amount. 
 
 £ 
 
 224 
 
 181 
 
 182 
 
 227 
 
 240 
 
 439 
 
 506 
 
 440 
 
 314 
 
 596 
 
 370 
 
 328 
 
 249 
 
 295 
 
 416 
 
 549 
 
 577 
 
 482 
 
 667 
 
 501 
 
 465 
 
 520 
 
 603 
 
 544 
 
 571 
 
 508 
 
 660 
 
 644 
 
 629 
 
 656 
 
 712 
 
 878 
 
 1,374 
 
 1,300 
 
 1,600 
 
 1,257 
 
 1,421 
 
 1,355 
 
 1,460 
 
 1,320 
 
 1,345 
 
 1,800 
 
 1,780 
 
 2,010 
 
 1,810 
 
 2,010 
 
 2,005 
 
 2,160 
 
 1,565 
 
 2,155 
 
 1,720 
 
 2,020 
 
 1,920 
 
 2,305 
 
 2,060 
 
 2,306 
 
 2,185 
 
 2,117 
 
 2,712 
 
 2,925 
 
 2,590 
 
 2.502 
 
 2,487 
 
 2,810 
 
 2,522 
 
 3,006 
 
 2,457 
 
 2,927 
 
 3,262 
 
 3,042 
 
 3,270 
 
 2,917 
 
 3,163 
 
 2,815 
 
 3,465 
 
 3,158 
 
 3,204 
 
 s. d. 
 
 
 
 10 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 10 
 
 5 6 
 
 Average per 
 Member. 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 1 6 
 
 
 
 16 5 
 
 
 
 14 7 
 
 11 64 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 2 
 
 12 
 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 
 10 
 
 9 3 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 3 7 
 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 Per 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 9 
 
 81 
 
 2i 
 
 3^ 
 
 1* 
 
 8| 
 
 1| 
 
 7 
 
 94 
 
 04 
 04 
 
 2 41 
 1 5i 
 
 1 43 
 
 1 lOi 
 
 2 44 
 2 
 2 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 5i 
 31 
 24 
 1 
 1 
 
 3i 
 1 11 
 
 1 104 
 
 1 7 
 
 2 
 
 1 9 
 
 1 61 
 
 1 7i 
 
 1 8i 
 
 1 113 
 
 2 10 
 2 54 
 2 104 
 2 31 
 
 2 104 
 
 3 Oi 
 3 3 
 2 74 
 
 2 6i 
 
 3 n 
 
 2 111 
 
 3 3 
 
 2 104 
 
 3 2i 
 
 3 10| 
 3 
 
 4§ 
 1 
 
 83 
 5 
 
 3 Hi 
 3 7 
 3 0| 
 3 8 
 3 10 
 3 5 
 
 3 74 
 
 2 103 
 
 3 4 
 
 ACCIDENTS. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 I Aver'ge 
 
 I per 
 Member 
 per 
 Year. 
 
 d. 
 
 03 
 03 
 
 Oh 
 Oh 
 
 04 
 03 
 03 
 04 
 04 
 1 
 
 03 
 04 
 
 Oi 
 
 Oi 
 04 
 
 0* 
 
 04 
 04 
 03 
 04 
 04 
 04 
 04 
 
 0* 
 Oh 
 Oi 
 
 04 
 ov 
 
 Oh 
 Oh 
 
 04 
 04 
 03 
 04 
 03 
 04 
 03 
 03 
 03 
 04 
 04 
 03 
 03 
 03 
 03 
 03 
 03 
 03 
 
 01 
 
 03 
 03 
 03 
 03 
 Oi 
 Oi 
 1 
 
 01 
 
 03 
 03 
 1 
 
 03 
 03 
 
 01 
 
 03 
 03 
 03 
 01 
 03 
 03 
 03 
 of 
 
 04 
 03 
 
 0* 
 
 o| 
 03 
 03 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 300 10 10 
 307 8 9 
 607 6 
 300 
 211 15 2 
 263 1 11 
 142 7 10 
 452 10 
 351 11 
 
 50 
 261 8 
 
 56 13 
 814 4 8 
 310 18 10 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 9* 
 3 
 
 1 
 3 11 
 2 lOi 
 
 490 5 
 251 7 
 
 678 10 
 
 679 10 
 763 17 
 
 1,666 11 
 
 953 14 
 1,161 19 
 1,717 
 51 
 32 9 
 
 585 
 2,482 11 
 
 914 9 
 1,437 
 1,297 
 1,277 
 1,858 
 
 943 10 
 1,619 14 
 
 943 18 7 
 1,130 10 3 
 1,099 3 10 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 9 7 
 
 S 11 
 
 4 
 
 5 10 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 987 16 
 731 10 
 654 2 
 174 1 
 268 18 
 612 16 
 165 1 
 770 18 
 191 9 
 482 15 
 688 2 7 
 408 5 5 
 
 620 8 10 
 
 444 13 
 
 846 19 5 
 
 514 12 2 
 
 512 13 
 
 503 6 
 
 862 6 
 
 477 4 
 
 824 2 
 
 814 13 
 
 665 9 8 
 1,468 15 10 
 1,231 16 2 
 1,025 12 6 
 1,460 15 2 
 
 5 
 
 4i 
 74 
 44 
 
 03 
 34 
 74 
 
 04 
 
 5 
 li 
 
 11 
 2i 
 2 64 
 
 Hi 
 
 1 4 
 
 74 
 
 1 73 
 
 a 
 
 4 
 
 94 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 li 
 
 83 
 23 
 
 03 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 0| 
 
 1 34 
 4 114 
 
 1 83 
 
 2 6 
 2 2 
 2 03 
 2 Hi 
 
 1 6 
 
 2 63 
 1 64 
 1 114 
 
 1 114 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 3* 
 
 5i 
 
 1 04 
 
 3i 
 
 1 14 
 
 3 
 
 74 
 
 103 
 
 64 
 93 
 
 7 
 
 1 1 
 
 74 
 7i 
 63 
 
 114 
 
 6i 
 
 io| 
 
 10| 
 
 8| 
 
 1 3| 
 
 1 oi 
 
 1 5 
 
TABLE I. (c.) 
 
 Showing amounts paid, and averages per Member for Emigration, Benevolent Grants and 
 Dispute Benefit, each year from 1832 to 1908 inclusive. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1832 
 1833 
 1834 
 1835 
 1836 
 1837 
 1838 
 1839 
 1840 
 1841 
 1842 
 1843 
 1844 
 1845 
 1846 
 1847 
 1848 
 1849 
 1850 
 1851 
 1852 
 1853 
 1854 
 1855 
 1856 
 1857 
 1858 
 1859 
 1860 
 1861 
 1862 
 1863 
 1864 
 1865 
 1866 
 1867 
 1868 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 1877 
 1878 
 1879 
 1880 
 1881 
 1882 
 1883 
 1884 
 1885 
 1886 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890 
 1891 
 1892 
 1893 
 1894 
 1895 
 1896 
 1897 
 1898 
 1899 
 1900 
 1901 
 1902 
 1903 
 1904 
 1905 
 1906 
 1907 
 1908 
 
 
 1,191 
 
 1,332 
 
 1,671 
 
 1,987 
 
 2,263 
 
 2,355 
 
 3,220 
 
 3,412 
 
 3,498 
 
 2,962 
 
 2,427 
 
 2,745 
 
 3,461 
 
 4,216 
 
 4,463 
 
 4,638 
 
 4,343 
 
 3,958 
 
 4,073 
 
 4,585 
 
 4,445 
 
 4,984 
 
 5,335 
 
 5,685 
 
 6,116 
 
 6,421 
 
 6,637 
 
 7,317 
 
 7,973 
 
 8,229 
 
 8,458 
 
 8,840 
 
 9,728 
 
 10,604 
 
 11,121 
 
 10,839 
 
 9,853 
 
 8,990 
 
 8,994 
 
 10,019 
 
 10,634 
 
 11,512 
 
 11,925 
 
 12,336 
 
 12,627 
 
 12,6 L2 
 
 12,620 
 
 12,276 
 
 11,580 
 
 11,201 
 
 11,448 
 
 11,917 
 
 12,415 
 
 12,376 
 
 12,037 
 
 11,718 
 
 12,202 
 
 13,805 
 
 14,821 
 
 15,291 
 
 15,190 
 
 15,050 
 
 15,195 
 
 15,176 
 
 16,278 
 
 16,915 
 
 17,295 
 
 17,971 
 
 18,357 
 
 18,268 
 
 18,287 
 
 18,427 
 
 18,426 
 
 18,474 
 
 19,264 
 
 19,500 
 
 19,019 
 
 EMIGRATION. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 52 18 10 
 32 14 
 
 283 7 
 
 414 3 3 
 
 548 12 9 
 
 533 1 2 
 
 1,278 19 6 
 
 192 5 2i 
 
 15 2 7^ 
 
 12 6 
 
 1,124 16 Ij 
 223 16 7 
 
 Australian 
 Strike Levy 
 returned to 
 
 Brandies. 
 
 282 8 10 
 4 9 6 
 
 Federation 
 Benefit. 
 
 61 14 2 
 
 215 1 8 
 
 518 5 6 
 
 267 9 2 
 
 606 10 2 
 
 552 8 4 
 
 1,277 5 10 
 
 1,866 12 6 
 
 772 
 
 Average 
 
 per 
 Member 
 
 per 
 Year. 
 
 d. 
 
 21 
 
 n 
 
 lOi 
 
 IQi 
 
 1 Oi 
 111 
 
 2 4J 
 4| 
 OJ 
 Oi 
 
 1 Hi 
 
 4* 
 
 44 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 BENEVOLENT GRANTS. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 5 
 
 34 7 
 344 4 11 
 
 Average 
 
 per 
 Member 
 
 per 
 Year. 
 
 d. 
 
 145 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 115 1 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 62 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 02 
 
 60 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 1* 
 
 166 18 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 150 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 3^ 
 
 1,137 17 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 180 
 
 
 
 
 
 3* 
 
 143 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 2^ 
 
 145 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 2^ 
 
 185 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 3^ 
 
 70 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 1* 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 
 0^ 
 
 43 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 106 
 
 
 
 
 
 2^ 
 
 95 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 £0 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 
 oi 
 
 12 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 oi 
 
 16 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 oi 
 
 90 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 334 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 5i 
 
 540 
 
 
 
 
 
 8h 
 
 413 
 
 
 
 
 
 6^ 
 
 635 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 10^ 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 
 
 OA 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 OA 
 
 57 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oi? 
 
 2,355 17 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 784 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 396 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 5* 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 
 2^ 
 
 290 
 
 
 
 
 
 3^ 
 
 170 
 
 
 
 
 
 2i 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oh 
 
 125 
 
 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 170 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 OJ 
 
 \i 
 
 lOJ 
 
 2| 
 
 DISPUTE ALLOWANCE. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 265 
 749 
 319 
 307 
 44 
 578 
 321 
 
 2,499 
 991 
 455 
 
 1,978 
 
 1,485 
 166 
 402 
 472 
 802 
 232 
 206 
 254 
 132 
 445 
 589 
 181 
 155 
 626 
 374 
 163 
 234 
 194 
 344 
 
 2,347 
 
 576 
 
 187 
 
 49 
 
 287 
 
 40 
 
 316 
 
 89 
 
 286 
 
 198 
 
 689 
 
 738 
 
 5,386 
 309 
 204 
 214 
 473 
 319 
 553 
 507 
 99 
 130 
 150 
 90 
 432 
 811 
 
 1,804 
 
 ni,7oo 
 
 1,451 
 
 3,390 
 
 1,819 
 
 1,659 
 
 1,059 
 
 712 
 
 669 
 
 924 
 
 663 
 
 1,177 
 
 470 
 
 5,046 
 
 7,484 
 
 4,199 
 
 7A 
 10 11 
 3 5^ 
 
 13 2 
 2 10 
 
 19 6 
 
 17 1 
 
 14 10 
 
 18 10 
 7 4 
 
 17 2i 
 
 15 04 
 
 7 9i 
 
 14 
 
 14 3 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 2i 
 
 04 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 10 5i 
 
 8 4 
 
 16 3 
 14 
 
 10 64 
 
 9 ll" 
 
 4 5 
 
 17 11 
 
 18 9 
 
 2 0^ 
 12 74 
 
 3 114 
 
 5 6 
 
 15 6 
 
 16 5 
 
 14 2 
 17 2 
 
 7 7 
 
 7 8 
 
 10 2 
 
 15 4 
 12 11 
 
 12 11 
 5 1 
 
 2 6 
 
 3 4 
 
 13 6 
 
 4 6 
 
 11 
 
 12 6 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 12 6 
 
 2 6 
 5 
 
 3 4 
 12 6 
 
 Average 
 
 per 
 
 Member 
 
 per 
 lear. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 '^.'s 
 
 2 111 
 
 1 104 
 
 1 9 
 
 34 
 
 4 9| 
 
 2 4| 
 
 14 5i 
 
 4 8i 
 
 2 04 
 
 8 6^ 
 
 6 10 
 
 10 
 
 1 Hi 
 
 2 Ol 
 
 3 71 
 
 114 
 
 9| 
 
 10| 
 
 5i 
 
 1 4| 
 
 1 9i 
 
 41 
 
 44 
 
 1 6i 
 
 10| 
 
 44 
 
 5| 
 
 44 
 
 74 
 
 4 4 
 
 1 2 
 
 5 
 
 li 
 
 6| 
 
 02 
 
 64 
 
 1| 
 
 54 
 
 31 
 
 1 li 
 
 1 2 
 
 9 7 
 
 64 
 
 54 
 
 44 
 
 .0 94 
 
 6 
 
 10| 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 2| 
 
 14 
 
 6| 
 
 1 Oi 
 
 2 42 
 
 15 4| 
 
 1 11 
 
 4 3| 
 
 2 2i 
 
 1 114 
 
 1 24 
 
 94 
 
 8i 
 
 1 01 
 
 82 
 
 1 3i 
 
 6 
 
 5 4 
 
 7 8 
 
 4 42 
 
 * £4,786. 5s. lOd, by special vote. 
 
TABLE I. (d.) 
 
 Showing amounts paid, and averages per Member for working expense? 
 
 , and the total 
 
 
 
 expenditure each year fr 
 
 om 1832 
 
 bo 1908 inclusive. 
 
 
 
 
 O j; 
 
 ALL OTHER EXPENSES. 
 
 TOTAL EXPENDITURE. 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 Average per 
 
 
 Average per 
 
 6a 
 
 
 Member. 
 
 
 Mtmber. 
 
 
 ^ '^ 
 
 Amount. 
 
 
 
 Amount. 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Week. 
 
 
 Per Year. 
 
 Per ' 
 Week. 
 
 
 
 £ s. a. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 d. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 1832 
 
 1,191 
 
 
 
 
 1,515 2 2 
 
 1 5 51 
 
 5i 
 
 1833 
 
 1,332 
 
 226 "9 3 
 
 'h"Al 
 
 61 
 
 2,106 11 9 
 
 1 11 6| 
 
 71 
 
 1834 
 
 1,671 
 
 486 5 24 
 
 5 9| 
 
 i| 
 
 2,243 18 8 
 
 1 6 101 
 1 4 2I 
 
 61 
 
 1835 
 
 1,987 
 
 612 8J 
 
 6 2 
 
 14 
 
 2,404 10 10 
 
 51 
 
 1836 
 
 2,263 
 
 661 14 4^ 
 
 5 lOi 
 
 li 
 
 2,445 10 6 
 
 1 1 71 
 
 5 
 
 1837 
 
 2,355 
 
 2,104 3 5i 
 
 17 104 
 
 4 
 
 9,351 18 4 
 
 3 19 5 
 
 1 61 
 
 1838 
 
 3,220 
 
 475 17 5* 
 
 2 114 
 
 of 
 
 7,036 5 3 
 
 2 3 81 
 
 10 
 
 1839 
 
 3,412 
 
 1,394 6 11 
 
 8 2 
 
 2 
 
 8,126 12 lOi 
 
 2 7 74 
 
 11 
 
 1840 
 
 3,498 
 
 2,477 4 2 
 
 14 2 
 
 31 
 
 11,457 8 5 
 
 3 5 6 
 
 1 3 
 
 1841 
 
 2,962 
 
 1,780 10 6 
 
 12 01 
 
 93 
 
 9,668 6 24 
 
 3 5 3i 
 
 1 3 
 
 1842 
 
 2,427 
 
 943 11 6* 
 
 7 9J 
 
 if 
 
 6,096 9 
 
 2 10 2f 
 
 114 
 
 1843 
 
 2,745 
 
 495 6| 
 
 3 7i 
 
 oi 
 
 4,106 16 3 
 
 1 9 11 
 
 61 
 
 1844 
 
 3,461 
 
 520 
 
 3 
 
 Oi 
 
 5,649 3 9 
 
 1 12 7| 
 
 74 
 
 1846 
 
 4,216 
 
 1,334 2 10 
 
 6 4 
 
 u 
 
 4,970 2 6 
 
 1 3 7 
 
 5i 
 
 1846 
 
 4,463 
 
 1,497 1 7 
 
 6 8A 
 
 14 
 
 6,095 9 11 
 
 1 7 3| 
 
 6i 
 
 1847 
 
 4,638 
 
 918 8 1 
 
 3 \\h 
 
 1 
 
 15,632 9 44 
 
 3 7 5 
 
 1 34 
 
 1848 
 
 4,343 
 
 1,284 2 lOj 
 
 6 4" 
 
 lA 
 
 27,709 3 10 
 
 6 7 7i 
 
 2 51 
 
 1849 
 
 3,958 
 
 1,280 44 
 
 6 54 
 
 lA 
 
 16,410 16 24 
 
 4 2 11 
 
 1 7" 
 
 1850 
 
 4,073 
 
 2,041 10 OA 
 
 10 OJ 
 
 2| 
 
 11,995 8 04 
 
 2 18 101 
 
 1 14 
 
 1851 
 
 4,585 
 
 1,512 7 7^ 
 
 6 7J 
 
 14 
 
 9,813 64 
 
 2 2 9* 
 
 9i 
 
 1852 
 
 4,445 
 
 1,316 17 4A 
 
 5 104 
 
 IJ 
 
 18,112 18 9 
 
 4 16" 
 
 1 61 
 
 1853 
 
 4,894 
 
 2,102 9 If 
 
 8 51 
 
 2 
 
 8,007 6 7i 
 
 1 12 14 
 
 74 
 
 1854 
 
 5,335 
 
 2,103 9 11 
 
 7 10| 
 
 1| 
 
 10,361 19 24 
 
 1 18 101 
 
 9 
 
 1855 
 
 5,685 
 
 2,377 1 Ui 
 
 8 4i 
 
 2 
 
 16,392 12 11 
 
 2 17 8 
 
 1 li 
 
 1856 
 
 6,116 
 
 2,672 6 Oi 
 
 8 8| 
 
 2 
 
 15,931 14 41 
 
 2 12 1 
 
 1 
 
 1857 
 
 6,421 
 
 1,668 8 1 
 
 5 21 
 
 IJ 
 
 17,199 8 
 
 2 13 6| 
 
 1 Oi 
 
 1858 
 
 6,637 
 
 2,146 13 6 
 
 6 5| 
 
 14 
 
 24,578 11 34 
 
 3 14 Oi 
 
 1 5 
 
 1859 
 
 7,317 
 
 2,910 6 7| 
 
 7 114 
 
 1| 
 
 13,988 10 8| 
 
 1 18 2| 
 
 8| 
 
 1860 
 
 7,973 
 
 2,687 7 111 
 
 6 9 
 
 14 
 
 11,589 16 11 
 
 1 9 Of 
 
 6| 
 
 1861 
 
 8,229 
 
 2,356 17 
 
 5 8| 
 
 1| 
 
 20,095 14 2 
 
 2 8 10 
 
 Hi 
 
 1862 
 
 8,458 
 
 3,844 5 94 
 
 9 1 
 
 2 
 
 29,337 10 1 
 
 3 9 44 
 
 1 4 
 
 1863 
 
 8,840 
 
 2,989 7 4 
 
 6 21 
 
 14 
 
 23,872 11 04 
 
 2 14 
 
 1 04 
 
 1864 
 
 9,723 
 
 3,413 3 6f 
 
 7 04 
 
 14 
 
 22,344 16 4| 
 
 2 5 114 
 
 104 
 
 1865 
 
 10,604 
 
 3,054 4 64 
 
 5 9 
 
 li 
 
 20,525 7 81 
 
 1 18 84 
 
 9 
 
 1866 
 
 11,121 
 
 5,293 10 2k 
 
 8 10 
 
 2 
 
 30,459 15 2 
 
 2 14 9i 
 
 1 Of 
 
 1867 
 
 10,839 
 
 4,291 lOA 
 
 7 11 
 
 1| 
 
 52.539 11 1 
 
 4 16 Hi 
 
 1 lOi 
 
 1868 
 
 9.853 
 
 4,197 16 4| 
 
 8 61 
 
 9 
 
 43,950 18 Oi 
 
 4 9 24 
 
 1 84 
 
 1869 
 
 8,990 
 
 2,983 18 1| 
 
 6 71 
 
 14 
 
 34,991 4 0| 
 
 3 17 10 
 
 1 6 
 
 1870 
 
 8,994 
 
 4,872 13 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 24 
 
 26.056 4 2 
 
 2 17 Hi 
 
 1 1* 
 81 
 
 1871 
 
 10,019 
 
 3,217 10 51 
 
 6 5 
 
 I4 
 
 19,172 1 01 
 
 1 18 31 
 
 1872 
 
 10,634 
 
 2,603 5 4 
 
 4 10| 
 
 li 
 
 15,446 12 24 
 
 1 9 04 
 
 6i 
 
 1873 
 
 11,512 
 
 2,967 6 51 
 
 5 If 
 
 li 
 
 22,864 8 01 
 
 1 19 8i 
 
 9i 
 
 1874 
 
 11,925 
 
 3,188 17 4i 
 
 5 4i 
 
 li 
 
 27,143 2 91 
 
 2 5 6i 
 
 lOi 
 
 1875 
 
 12,336 
 
 3,462 5 7| 
 
 5 7i 
 
 li 
 
 28,008 9 0^ 
 
 2 5 5 
 
 104 
 
 1876 
 
 12,627 
 
 3,256 5 7| 
 
 5 2 
 
 li 
 
 34,938 17 103 
 
 2 15 4 
 
 1 Oi 
 
 1877 
 
 12,612 
 
 3,508 11 1 
 
 5 6| 
 
 li 
 
 42,424 15 4 
 
 3 7 3i 
 
 1 34 
 
 1878 
 
 12,620 
 
 3,769 13 5h 
 
 5 Hi 
 
 14 
 
 56,979 4 114 
 
 4 10 li 
 
 1 8| 
 
 1879 
 
 • 12,276 
 
 4,029 6 04 
 
 6 6| 
 
 14 
 
 80,089 6 8 
 
 6 10 5| 
 
 2 6 
 
 1880 
 
 11,580 
 
 3,780 9 5| 
 
 6 6i 
 
 14 
 
 41,301 2 8| 
 
 3 11 4 
 
 1 41 
 
 1881 
 
 11,201 
 
 3,744 19 6| 
 
 6 8i 
 
 14 
 
 36,535 3 81 
 
 3 5 2| 
 
 1 3" 
 
 1882 
 
 11,448 
 
 3,722 16 91 
 
 6 6 
 
 14 
 
 28,037 18 31 
 
 2 8 Hi 
 
 111 
 
 1883 
 
 11,917 
 
 3,859 5 1 
 
 6 51 
 
 1^ 
 
 30,533 18 6 
 
 2 11 3 
 
 111 
 
 1884 
 
 12,415 
 
 3,359 18 2 
 
 5 5 
 
 li 
 
 37,373 17 10 
 
 3 24 
 
 1 2 
 
 1885 
 
 12,376 
 
 3,207 1 51 
 
 5 2| 
 
 li 
 
 45,880 17 84 
 
 3 14 li 
 
 1 5 
 
 1886 
 
 12,037 
 
 3,093 13 
 
 5 1| 
 
 li 
 
 52,218 1 4 
 
 4 6 91 
 
 1 8 
 
 1887 
 
 11,718 
 
 3,144 8 6 
 
 5 44 
 
 li^ 
 
 41,861 15 1 
 
 3 11 51 
 
 1 44 
 
 1888 
 
 12,202 
 
 3,166 5 
 
 5 2i 
 
 li 
 
 32,979 19 3 
 
 2 14 Of 
 
 1 04 
 
 1889 
 
 13,805 
 
 3,187 11 4| 
 
 4 8J 
 
 1 
 
 26,005 3 Hi 
 
 1 17 8 
 
 9i 
 
 1890 
 
 14,821 
 
 3,512 5 10| 
 
 4 9 
 
 li 
 
 30,927 18 01 
 
 2 1 8| 
 
 9| 
 
 1891 
 
 15,291 
 
 3,790 12 9| 
 
 4 114 
 
 li 
 
 41,017 1 7i 
 
 2 13 31 
 
 1 01 
 
 1892 
 
 15,190 
 
 4,252 2 54 
 
 5 11 
 
 li 
 
 55,718 11 114 
 
 3 13 4i 
 
 1 5 
 
 1893 
 
 15,050 
 
 3.835 7 3| 
 
 5 li 
 
 li 
 
 59,723 12 Of 
 
 3 19 44 
 
 1 6i 
 
 1894 
 
 15,195 
 
 4,213 4 24 
 
 5 7 
 
 li 
 
 74,603 6 104 
 
 4 18 24 
 
 1 loi 
 
 1895 
 
 15,176 
 
 4,020 8 11 
 
 5 34 
 
 li 
 
 53,924 15 6 
 
 3 11 Oi 
 
 1 44 
 
 1896 
 
 16,278 
 
 4,011 12 54 
 
 5 \l 
 
 li 
 
 40,996 12 34 
 
 2 12 11 
 
 1 
 
 1897 
 
 16,915 
 
 4,067 19 2| 
 
 4 10| 
 
 li 
 
 62,889 6 5| 
 
 3 15 8i 
 
 1 54 
 
 1898 
 
 17,295 
 
 4,197 3 6i 
 
 4 111 
 
 li 
 
 47,844 9 7i 
 
 2 16 4 
 
 1 1 
 
 1899 
 
 17,971 
 
 4,746 16 51 
 
 5 4| 
 
 It 
 
 39,486 19 93 
 
 2 4 10 
 
 lOi 
 
 1900 
 
 18,357 
 
 4,272 8 1 
 
 4 84 
 
 H^ 
 
 46,410 5 9 
 
 2 11 li 
 
 Hi 
 
 1901 
 
 18,268 
 
 4,286 9 111 
 
 4 8i 
 
 1t^. 
 
 60,219 7 6| 
 
 3 5 lOi 
 
 1 ;^i 
 
 1902 
 
 18,287 
 
 4,234 12 84 
 
 4 74 
 
 Ifg 
 
 65,837 12 41 
 
 3 12 Oi 
 
 1 44 
 
 1903 
 
 18,427 
 
 4,775 13 8| 
 
 5 24 
 
 li 
 
 63,550 8 7 
 
 3 9 24 
 
 1 4 
 
 1904 
 
 18,426 
 
 4,734 2 5# 
 
 5 14 
 
 li 
 
 81,247 4 64 
 
 4 8 Oi 
 
 1 8i 
 
 1905 
 
 18,475 
 
 5,062 11 44 
 
 5 21 
 
 li 
 
 68,684 13 34 
 
 3 14 4i 
 
 1 5 
 
 1906 
 
 19.264 
 
 5,547 5 6| 
 
 5 lOi 
 
 li 
 
 66,817 18 If 
 
 3 10 94 
 
 1 4i 
 
 1907 
 
 19,501 
 
 6,034 13 101 
 
 6 21 
 
 14 
 
 74,930 18 71 
 
 3 16 101 
 
 1 5i 
 
 1908 
 
 19,019 
 
 5,799 4 7 
 
 6 04 
 
 14 
 
 117,561 19 6 
 
 6 2 3i 
 
 2 44 
 
TABLE II. 
 
 Showing Income and Expenditure for (and Cash in hand end of) each year from 
 
 1882 to 1908. inclusive. 
 
 
 to 
 
 INCOME. 
 
 EXPENDITURE. 
 
 CA«H IN 
 OF 
 
 HAND END 
 YEAR. 
 
 Y6<ir 
 
 
 Average per 
 
 
 Average per 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Member. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Member. 
 
 A 
 
 
 Average 
 
 
 Per 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Week 
 
 Per 
 
 Year. 
 
 Per 
 
 Week 
 
 Amount. 
 
 per 
 Member. 
 
 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 ,s. d. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 £ s. 
 
 ^7. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1832 
 
 1,191 
 
 2,058 14 6 
 
 34 
 
 65 
 
 8 
 
 1,515 2 2 
 
 25 5i 
 
 5f 
 
 2,346 12 
 
 6 
 
 1 19 42 
 
 1833 
 
 1,332 
 
 2,607 16 11 
 
 39 
 
 I5 
 
 9 
 
 2,106 11 9 
 
 31 6i 
 
 7i 
 
 2,847 17 
 
 8 
 
 2 2 9i 
 
 1834 
 
 1,671 
 
 2,771 14 9 
 
 33 
 
 2 
 
 7-i 
 
 2,243 18 8 
 
 26 lOJ 
 
 6i 
 
 3,375 13 
 
 9 
 
 2 42 
 
 1835 
 
 1,987 
 
 4,787 19 7 
 
 48 
 
 21 
 
 11 
 
 2,404 10 10 
 
 24 24 
 
 5i 
 
 5,759 2 
 
 6 
 
 2 17 114 
 
 1836 
 
 2,263 
 
 4,623 5 9J 
 
 40 
 
 lOi 
 
 91 
 
 2,242 7 6 
 
 21 7i 
 
 5 
 
 8,140 
 
 9i 
 
 3 11 Hi 
 
 1837 
 
 2,355 
 
 8,284 11 6 
 
 70 
 
 44 
 
 I 41 
 
 9,351 18 4 
 
 79 5 
 
 1 6,^ 
 
 7,072 14 
 
 Hi 
 
 3 Of 
 
 1838 
 
 3,220 
 
 6,028 4 10 
 
 37 
 
 5| 
 
 si 
 
 7,036 5 3 
 
 43 8i 
 
 10 
 
 6,064 14 
 
 6i 
 
 1 17 8 
 
 1839 
 
 3,412 
 
 5,896 16 9* 
 
 34 
 
 6| 
 
 8 
 
 8,126 12 lOi 
 
 47 74 
 
 11 
 
 3,834 18 
 
 5i 
 
 1 2 51 
 
 1840 
 
 3,498 
 
 8,529 10 5 
 
 48 
 
 n 
 
 11 1 
 
 11,457 8 5 
 
 65 6 
 
 1 3 
 
 907 
 
 5i 
 
 5 2i 
 
 1841 
 
 2,962 
 
 9,061 5 9 
 
 61 
 
 2i 
 
 1 2 
 
 9,668 6 2.V 
 
 65 3i 
 
 1 3 
 
 
 
 
 1842 
 
 2,427 
 
 6,096 9 Oi 
 
 50 
 
 93 
 -'A 
 
 Hi 
 
 6,096 9 
 
 50 2f 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 1843 
 
 2,745 
 
 4,106 16 3 
 
 29 
 
 11 
 
 7' 
 
 4,106 16 3 
 
 29 11 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 
 1844 
 
 3,461 
 
 12,210 6J 
 
 70 
 
 6| 
 
 1 4i 
 
 5,649 3 9 
 
 32 7f 
 
 7| 
 
 6,560 16 
 
 94 
 
 117 ii 
 
 1845 
 
 4,216 
 
 9,973 3 1| 
 
 47 
 
 31 
 
 11 
 
 4,970 2 6 
 
 23 7 
 
 5i 
 
 12,931 17 
 
 5 
 
 3 1 4i 
 
 1846 
 
 4,463 
 
 11,619 5 6 
 
 52 
 
 02 
 
 1 
 
 6,095 9 11 
 
 27 3f 
 
 6i 
 
 18,455 13 
 
 Oi 
 
 4 2 84 
 
 1847 
 
 4,638 
 
 13,655 19 2A 
 
 58 
 
 lOf 
 
 1 1^ 
 
 15,632 9 44 
 
 67 5 
 
 1 3i 
 
 16,479 1 
 
 104 
 
 3 11 Of 
 
 1848 
 
 4,343 
 
 11,750 8 Hi 
 
 54 
 
 H 
 
 1 Oi 
 
 27,709 3 10 
 
 127 7i 
 
 2 5i 
 
 520 7 
 
 
 
 2 4f 
 
 1849 
 
 3,958 
 
 16,105 8 
 
 81 
 
 44 
 
 1 6| 
 
 16,410 16 24 
 
 82 11 
 
 1 7i 
 
 214 11 
 
 5* 
 
 1 1 
 
 1850 
 
 4,073 
 
 12,265 14 6i 
 
 60 
 
 2| 
 
 1 2 
 
 11,995 8 04 
 
 58 lOf 
 
 1 1' 
 
 485 18 
 
 
 
 2 42 
 
 1851 
 
 4,585 
 
 11,325 1 7 
 
 49 
 
 41 
 
 Hi 
 
 9,8L3 6i 
 
 42 9i 
 
 94 
 
 1,997 19 
 
 Oi 
 
 8 84 
 
 1852 
 
 4,445 
 
 20,726 8 10^ 
 
 93 
 
 3 
 
 1 94 
 
 18,112 18 9 
 
 81 6" 
 
 1 6f 
 
 4,611 9 
 
 '> 
 
 10 9 
 
 1853 
 
 4,984 
 
 14,711 12 9 
 
 59 
 
 OJ 
 
 1 14 
 
 8,007 6 7J 
 
 32 14 
 
 7* 
 
 11,315 15 
 
 3f 
 
 2 5 5 
 
 1854 
 
 5,335 
 
 14,409 4 
 
 54 
 
 oi 
 
 1 04 
 
 10,361 19 24 
 
 38 lOi 
 
 9" 
 
 15,363 
 
 IJ 
 
 2 17 7 
 
 1855 
 
 5,685 
 
 13,785 12 5 J 
 
 48 
 
 6 
 
 Hi 
 
 16,392 12 11 
 
 57 8 
 
 1 H 
 
 12,755 19 
 
 74 
 
 2 4 104 
 
 1856 
 
 6,116 
 
 15,639 13 23 
 
 51 
 
 IS 
 
 llf 
 
 15,931 14 4i 
 
 52 1 
 
 1 
 
 12,463 18 
 
 6 
 
 2 9 
 
 1857 
 
 6,421 
 
 16,049 17 Hi 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 Hi 
 
 17,199 8 
 
 53 6f 
 
 1 Oi 
 
 11,314 15 
 
 94 
 
 1 15 3 
 
 1858 
 
 6,637 
 
 14,883 17 9 
 
 44 
 
 lOi 
 
 lOi 
 
 24,578 11 34 
 
 74 Of 
 
 1 5 
 
 1,620 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 104 
 
 1859 
 
 7,317 
 
 19,923 12 3 
 
 54 
 
 5i 
 
 1 Oi 
 
 13,988 10 83 
 
 38 2f 
 
 8f 
 
 7,555 3 
 
 7i 
 
 1 71 
 
 1860 
 
 7,973 
 
 20,542 3 4A 
 
 51 
 
 6i 
 
 1 
 
 11,589 16 li 
 
 29 Of 
 
 6f 
 
 16,507 10 
 
 lOi 
 
 2 15 
 
 1861 
 
 8,229 
 
 20,899 7| 
 
 50 
 
 9^ 
 
 llf 
 
 20,(195 14 2 
 
 48 10 
 
 Hi 
 
 17,310 17 
 
 4 
 
 2 2 Of 
 
 1862 
 
 8,458 
 
 20,085 HA 
 
 47 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 29,337 10 1 
 
 69 41 
 
 1 4 
 
 8,058 8 
 
 24 
 
 19 Of 
 
 1863 
 
 8,840 
 
 23,722 3| 
 
 53 
 
 8 
 
 1 Oh 
 
 23,872 11 04 
 
 54 
 
 1 04 
 
 7,907 17 
 
 51 
 
 17 101 
 
 1864 
 
 9,723 
 
 29,604 1 1 
 
 60 lOf 
 
 1 2" 
 
 22,344 16 43 
 
 45 114 
 
 104 
 
 15,167 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 11 2i 
 
 1865 
 
 10,604 
 
 32,166 13 li 
 
 60 
 
 8 
 
 1 2 
 
 20,525 7 8i 
 
 38 8i 
 
 9 
 
 26,808 7 
 
 74 
 
 2 10 6f 
 
 1866 
 
 11,121 
 
 31,579 12 lOi^ 
 
 56 
 
 9i 
 
 1 1 
 
 30,459 15 2 
 
 54 91 
 
 1 Of 
 
 27,928 5 
 
 44 
 
 2 10 2| 
 
 1867 
 
 10,839 
 
 29,782 12 l| 
 
 54 
 
 Hi 
 
 1 Of 
 
 52,539 11 1 
 
 56 Hi 
 
 1 loi 
 
 5,171 6 
 
 5i 
 
 9 64 
 
 1868 
 
 9,853 
 
 40,907 14 7h 
 
 83 
 
 Oi 
 
 1 7i 
 
 43,950 18 Oi 
 
 89 2,i 
 
 1 8* 
 
 2,128 3 
 
 Oi 
 
 4 32 
 
 1869 
 
 8,990 
 
 33,513 7 8* 
 
 74 
 
 6J 
 
 1 5h 
 
 34,991 4 Of 
 
 77 10' 
 
 1 6 
 
 650 6 
 
 8i 
 
 1 5i 
 
 1870 
 
 8,994 
 
 31,621 10 7" 
 
 70 
 
 31 
 
 1 4| 
 
 26,056 4 2 
 
 57 Hi 
 
 1 li 
 
 6,215 13 
 
 IJ 
 
 13 9i 
 
 1871 
 
 10,019 
 
 31,421 6 7 
 
 62 
 
 81 
 
 1 2^ 
 
 19,172 1 Oi 
 
 38 3i 
 
 8f 
 
 18,464 18 
 
 8 
 
 1 16 lOi 
 
 1872 
 
 10,634 
 
 34,846 18 8 
 
 65 
 
 6g 
 
 1 3 
 
 15,446 12 24 
 
 29 04 
 
 6f 
 
 37,864 9 
 
 91 
 
 3 11 24 
 
 1873 
 
 11,512 
 
 33,885 17 4 
 
 58 
 
 lOi 
 
 1 li 
 
 22,864 8 Oi 
 
 39 8| 
 
 9i 
 
 48,885 19 
 
 14 
 
 4 4 Hi 
 
 1874 
 
 11,925 
 
 34,800 3 10 
 
 58 
 
 4i 
 
 1 ll 
 
 27,143 2 9i 
 
 45 6i 
 
 104 
 
 56,543 
 
 2i 
 
 4 14 10 
 
 1875 
 
 12,336 
 
 35,136 11 IJ 
 
 56 
 
 Hi 
 
 1 l| 
 
 28,008 9 Of 
 
 45 5 
 
 lOi 
 
 63,671 2 
 
 3i 
 
 5 3 21 
 
 1876 
 
 12,627 
 
 36,663 2 31 
 
 58 
 
 Oi 
 
 1 U 
 
 34,938 17 lOi 
 
 55 4 
 
 1 Of 
 
 65,395 6 
 
 7f 
 
 5 3 7 
 
 1877 
 
 12,612 
 
 36,554 11 la 
 
 57 
 
 114 
 
 1 1^ 
 
 42,424 15 4 
 
 67 3i 
 
 1 3A 
 
 .59,525 2 
 
 54 
 
 4 14 42 
 
 1878 
 
 12,620 
 
 36,348 2 8 
 
 57 
 
 7i 
 
 1 li 
 
 56,979 4 Hi 
 
 9l) If 
 
 1 8f 
 
 38,894 
 
 ■ 2 
 
 3 1 71 
 
 1879 
 
 12,276 
 
 43,104 1 4| 
 
 70 
 
 2| 
 
 1 4i 
 
 80,089 6 8 
 
 130 5f 
 
 2 6 
 
 1,908 14 lOi 
 
 3 li 
 
 1880 
 
 11,580 
 
 47,094 19 6| 
 
 81 
 
 4 
 
 1 6i 
 
 41,301 2 8f 
 
 71 4 
 
 1 4* 
 
 7,702 11 
 
 7f 
 
 13 31 
 
 1881 
 
 11,201 
 
 38,777 14 1 
 
 09 
 
 2i 
 
 1 4" 
 
 36,535 3 8i 
 
 65 2f 
 
 1 3 
 
 9,945 2 
 
 04 
 
 17 9 
 
 1882 
 
 11,448 
 
 39,223 13 7i 
 
 68 
 
 el 
 
 1 3| 
 
 28,037 18 3i 
 
 48 llf 
 
 Hi 
 
 21,130 17 
 
 41 
 
 1 16 11 
 
 1883 
 
 11,917 
 
 35,433 10 11^ 
 
 59 
 
 oi 
 
 1 li 
 
 30,533 18 6 
 
 51 3 
 
 llf 
 
 26,030 9 
 
 lOi 
 
 2 3 8i 
 
 1884 
 
 12,415 
 
 31,450 4 l| 
 
 50 
 
 8 
 
 llf 
 
 37,373 17 10 
 
 60 24 
 
 1 2 
 
 2i),106 16 
 
 2i 
 
 1 12 42 
 
 18^5 
 
 12,376 
 
 39,099 4 6A 
 
 63 
 
 •71 
 
 -'4: 
 
 1 2i 
 
 45,880 17 8^ 
 
 74 If 
 
 1 5i 
 
 13,325 3 
 
 Oi 
 
 1 1 64 
 
 1886 
 
 22,037 
 
 44,877 6 3" 
 
 74 
 
 6!^ 
 
 1 5i 
 
 52,218 1 4 
 
 86 9i 
 
 1 8 
 
 5,984 7 
 
 Hi 
 
 9 Hi 
 
 1887 
 
 11,718 
 
 46,259 6 3i 
 
 78 11* 
 
 1 6i 
 
 41,861 15 1 
 
 71 5i 
 
 1 44 
 
 10,381 19 
 
 14 
 
 17 8h 
 
 1888 
 
 12,202 
 
 42,691 2 5| 
 
 69 111 
 
 1 4i 
 
 32,979 19 3 
 
 54 Of 
 
 1 ()i 
 
 20,093 2 
 
 3i 
 
 1 12 Hi 
 
 1889 
 
 13,805 
 
 39,800 9 6| 
 
 57 
 
 8 
 
 1 U 
 
 26,005 3 llf 
 
 37 8 
 
 9f 
 
 33,888 7 lOi 
 
 2 9 3 
 
 1890 
 
 13,821 
 
 44,894 6i 
 
 61 
 
 llj 
 
 1 21 
 
 30,927 18 Oi 
 
 41 8f 
 
 9f 
 
 47,854 10 
 
 44 
 
 347 
 
 1891 
 
 15,291 
 
 46,184 14 Hi 
 
 60 
 
 43 
 
 1 2 
 
 41,017 1 7J 
 
 53 3f 
 
 1 Oi 
 
 53,022 3 
 
 8f 
 
 3 11 Hi 
 
 1892 
 
 15,190 
 
 47,010 3 5" 
 
 61 
 
 103 
 
 1 n 
 
 55,718 H lU 
 
 73 4i 
 
 1 5 
 
 44,313 15 
 
 2i 
 
 2 18 4i 
 
 1893 
 
 15,050 
 
 50,343 11 li 
 
 66 
 
 lOi 
 
 1 3^ 
 
 59,723 12 Of 
 
 79 44 
 
 1 6i 
 
 34,933 14 
 
 21 
 
 2 6 5 
 
 1894 
 
 15,195 
 
 57,352 3 
 
 75 
 
 5| 
 
 1 oh 
 
 74,603 6 lOi 
 
 98 2i 
 
 1 lOf 
 
 17,676 2 
 
 5f 
 
 1 3 3i 
 
 1895 
 
 15,176 
 
 62,501 6 5 
 
 82 
 
 4i 
 
 1 7" 
 
 53,924 15 6 
 
 71 Of 
 
 1 4.V 
 
 26,252 13 
 
 4i 
 
 1 14 7i 
 
 1896 
 
 16,278 
 
 61,085 7 84 
 
 77 
 
 7* 
 
 1 6 
 
 40,996 12 34 
 
 52 li 
 
 1 
 
 46,.341 8 
 
 94 
 
 2 16 Hi 
 
 1897 
 
 16,915 
 
 62,402 18 9^ 
 
 75 
 
 u 
 
 1 5i 
 
 62,889 6 5i 
 
 75 8i 
 
 1 5.^ 
 
 45,855 1 
 
 li 
 
 2 14 24 
 
 1898 
 
 17,295 
 
 70,167 19 6 
 
 82 
 
 74 
 
 1 7 
 
 47,844 9 7i 
 
 56 4 
 
 1 1 
 
 68,178 11 
 
 
 
 3 18 10 
 
 1899 
 
 17,971 
 
 62,875 18 2i 
 
 71 
 
 4| 
 
 1 4* 
 
 39,486 19 9f 
 
 44 10 
 
 loi 
 
 91, .567 9 
 
 54 
 
 5 1 10| 
 5 16 74 
 
 19,M) 
 
 18,357 
 
 61,890 18 11 
 
 68 
 
 2i 
 
 1 3f 
 
 46,410 5 9 
 
 51 If 
 
 113 
 
 107,048 2 
 
 74 
 
 1901 
 
 18,268 
 
 57.886 6 9 
 
 63 
 
 41 
 
 1 24 
 
 60,219 7 5f 
 
 65 lOf 
 
 1 31 
 
 104,715 1 10| 1 
 
 5 14 71 
 
 1902 
 
 18,287 
 
 61,560 10 4i 
 
 67 
 
 4| 
 
 1 34 
 
 65,837 12 4i 
 
 72 Of 
 
 1 4f 
 
 100.437 19 
 
 104 
 
 5 9 61 
 
 1903 
 
 18,427 
 
 65,914 1 1 
 
 71 
 
 9i 
 
 1 4l 
 
 63,550 8 7 
 
 69 2i 
 
 1 4 
 
 102,801 12 
 
 4i 
 
 5 11 7 
 
 1904 
 
 18,426 
 
 66,528 11 8| 
 
 72 
 
 li 
 
 1 4| 
 
 81,247 4 64 
 
 88 Of 
 
 1 8i 
 
 88,082 19 
 
 6i 
 
 4 15 7i 
 
 1905 
 
 18,474 
 
 69,764 12 6 
 
 75 
 
 Hi 
 
 1 5i 
 
 68.684 13 3* 
 
 74 94 
 
 1 5i 
 
 89,162 18 
 
 9" 
 
 4 16 6i 
 
 1906 
 
 19,164 
 
 68,784 3 6| 
 
 72 
 
 lOi 
 
 1 4| 
 
 66,817 18 li 
 
 70 9i 
 
 1 4i 
 
 1 5i 
 
 2 4i 
 
 91,1-29 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 14 7i 
 
 1907 
 
 19,501 
 
 78,455 13 7'i 
 
 80 
 
 54 
 
 1 64 
 
 74,930 18 7| 
 
 76 lOi 
 
 94,649 3 
 
 5 
 
 4 17 1 
 
 1908 
 
 19,019 
 
 78,757 12 7 
 
 80 11 1 
 
 1 6|| 
 
 117,56119 6 
 
 122 3i 
 
 55,849 12 
 
 3 
 
 2 18 8| 
 
TABLE III. 
 
 Table showing how the constitution of the Society has been supported, and at what I'ates the 
 contributions have been levied on and paid by working members each year from 1809 to 1908 
 inclusive. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 In 1809 the contribution 
 
 ier month was 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 „ 1810, August 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 3 
 
 „ 1812, February ,, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 „ 1813, August 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 „ 1818, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 ,, 1827, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 From 1827 to 1850, both 
 
 years inclusive. 
 
 the contribution to the General 
 
 
 Fund, including levies, has 
 
 ranged from thi 
 
 ■ee shillings per 
 
 month up to one 
 
 
 shilling 
 
 per week, in addition to which there 
 
 has bee 
 
 n a large amount paid in 
 
 
 the shape of auxiliary levies 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ye,^r. 
 
 Contribu- 
 tion. 
 
 Reprts. 
 
 Acci- 
 dent 
 
 Auxili- 
 ary 
 
 Special 
 Levies. 
 
 Bene- 
 volent 
 
 Emi- 
 gration 
 
 General 
 Fund 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 Levies. 
 
 Levies. 
 
 Levies. 
 
 Levies. 
 
 Levies. 
 
 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 .<?. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1851 
 
 2 12 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 13 4 
 
 1852 
 
 2 13 
 
 4 
 
 
 i"o 
 
 • • 
 
 
 
 
 3 2 9 
 
 5 17 1 
 
 1853 
 
 2 12 
 
 4 
 
 4"6 
 
 8 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 5 6 
 
 1854 
 
 2 12 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 13 8 
 
 1855 
 
 2 12 
 
 4 
 
 
 1 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 13 10 
 
 1856 
 
 2 12 
 
 4 
 
 i"o 
 
 1 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 14 10 
 
 1857 
 
 2 12 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 1 4 
 
 o"ii 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 14 9A 
 
 1858 
 
 2 13 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 16 6 
 
 1859 
 
 2 12 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 o"i 
 
 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 2 19 7 
 
 1860 
 
 2 12 
 
 1 
 
 i"o 
 
 l"'6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 15 6 
 
 1861 
 
 2 12 
 
 1 
 
 1 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 15 9 
 
 1862 
 
 2 12 
 
 1 
 
 1 6 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 '2 6 
 
 2 19 
 
 1863 
 
 2 12 
 
 1 
 
 1 6 
 
 1 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 (J 8 8 
 
 3 14 8 
 
 1864 
 
 2 13 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 l" 2 
 
 (I 2 4 
 
 3 2 
 
 1865 
 
 2 12 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 o"4 
 
 4 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 1 6 
 
 1866 
 
 2 12 
 
 1 
 
 2"0 
 
 0"6 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 15 10 
 
 1867 
 
 2 12 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 16 6 
 
 1868 
 
 2 12 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 2 6 
 
 5 4 
 
 1869 
 
 2 12 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 12 
 
 5 5 
 
 1870 
 
 2 13 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 2 6 
 
 4 16 6 
 
 1871 
 
 2 12 
 
 6 
 
 2"o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 8 
 
 3 17 8 
 
 1872 
 
 2 12 
 
 6 
 
 lU 6 
 
 
 
 o"2 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 3 3 10 
 
 1873 
 
 2 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 3"g 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 2 17 5 
 
 1874 
 
 2 12 
 
 6 
 
 3 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 2 17 1 
 
 1875 
 
 2 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 2"o 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 2 14 10 
 
 1876 
 
 2 13 
 
 6 
 
 
 3 6 
 
 
 .0 4 
 
 
 
 
 2 17 4 
 
 1877 
 
 2 12 n 
 
 6 
 
 3"6 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 2 16 10 
 
 1878 
 
 2 12 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 o""6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 2 17 4 
 
 1879 
 
 2 12 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 19 8 
 
 4 4 6 
 
 1880 
 
 2 12 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 2 8 2 
 
 5 10 
 
 1881 
 
 2 13 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 16 6 
 
 4 4 
 
 1882 
 
 2 12 
 
 6 
 
 3"3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 19 6 
 
 3 15 7 
 
 1883 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 9 'O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 2 5 
 
 1884 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 12 8 
 
 1885 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 1 13 2 
 
 1886 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 3"8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 17 2 
 
 4 13 6 
 
 1887 
 
 2 13 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 9 
 
 5 2 8 
 
 1888 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 2"o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19 5 
 
 4 4 1 
 
 1889 
 
 2 13 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 3 5 8 
 
 1890 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 l"'6 
 
 
 o"6 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 3 7 8 
 
 1891 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 3 6 5 
 
 1892 
 
 2 13 
 
 8 
 
 I'o 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 13 3 
 
 3 8 8 
 
 1893 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 15 6 
 
 4 2 
 
 1894 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 
 *9'io 
 
 
 
 Extra 
 
 1 14 8 
 
 4 17 2 
 
 1895 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 2""o 
 
 *2 
 
 
 
 Dona- 
 
 2 8 
 
 5 4 8 
 
 1896 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 *1 8 
 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 1 15 4 
 
 4 10 8 
 
 1897 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 1 6 
 
 *1 1 
 
 o'"6 
 
 
 6 
 
 16 
 
 4 7 9 
 
 1898 
 
 2 13 
 
 8 
 
 1 3 
 
 
 
 t4"6 
 
 12 
 
 16 6 
 
 4 17 11 
 
 1899 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 
 *o"3 
 
 o"'6 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 3 19 5 
 
 1900 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 i"o 
 
 Parlia- 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 19 9 
 
 3 13 7 
 
 1901 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 ment'y 
 
 5 
 
 
 o"5 
 
 13 
 
 3 7 6 
 
 1902 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 Levy. 
 
 1 2 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 3 15 4 
 
 1903 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 Cont- 
 
 o'"3 
 
 16 
 
 4 11 
 
 1904 
 
 2 13 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 o's 
 
 ingent. 
 
 9 
 
 16 6 
 
 4 3 4 
 
 1905 
 
 2 12 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 6 4 
 
 
 1 2 
 
 16 
 
 4 8 2 
 
 1906 
 
 2 12 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 l"'3 
 
 
 16 
 
 4 3 
 
 1907 
 
 2 12 
 
 
 , , 
 
 1 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 16 
 
 4 12 
 
 1908 
 
 2 12 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 7 
 
 13' 
 
 
 
 1 13 
 
 5 6 
 
TABLE IV. 
 
 Table 
 
 showing the numerical position of the Society in the various classes of Membership ; 
 
 also 
 
 number of enti 
 
 ances 
 
 , exclusions, 
 
 and deaths, male and femal 
 
 e, from 1832 to 1908, inclusive. 
 
 
 ■class 
 bers. 
 
 i-class 
 
 bers. 
 -class 
 
 bers. 
 
 ii-class 
 bers. 
 
 orarv 
 
 II 
 
 Is 
 
 oad, 
 
 inuated 
 bers. 
 
 t>JD 
 
 'a 
 
 lers re- 
 on last 
 a,ch year 
 
 No. of 
 jrs end 
 li year. 
 
 No. of Members 
 entered in 
 each year. 
 
 [embers 
 led in 
 year. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 i 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 First- 
 Mem 
 
 Secon( 
 
 Mem 
 Third 
 
 Mem 
 
 Fourtl 
 Mem 
 
 o 
 
 Abr 
 
 Superai 
 Mem 
 
 Pa; 
 
 Ackno 
 me 
 
 Travel 
 
 lieved 
 
 Sat in e; 
 
 Total 
 Memb( 
 of eacl 
 
 c ^; c3 
 
 
 S 
 
 fa 
 
 1832 
 
 1 191 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,191 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 15 
 
 1833 
 
 1,332 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,332 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 1834 
 
 1,671 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,671 . 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 1835 
 
 1,987 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,987 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 1836 
 
 2,252 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 2,263 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 13 
 
 1887 
 
 2,342 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 2,355 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 21 
 
 1838 
 
 3,204 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 3,220 
 
 983 
 
 76 
 
 42 
 
 28 
 
 1839 
 
 3,394 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 3,412 
 
 318 
 
 88 
 
 38 
 
 12 
 
 1840 
 
 ' 3,478 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 3,498 
 
 283 
 
 173 
 
 24 
 
 16 
 
 1841 
 
 2,944 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 2,962 
 
 6 
 
 507 
 
 35 
 
 22 
 
 1842 
 
 2,413 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 2,427 
 
 
 459 
 
 30 
 
 43 
 
 1843 
 
 2,728 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 2,745 
 
 419 
 
 75 
 
 26 
 
 22 
 
 1844 
 
 3,446 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 3,461 
 
 914 
 
 176 
 
 22 
 
 15 
 
 1845 
 
 4,201 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 4,216 
 
 959 
 
 181 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 1846 
 
 4,449 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 4,463 
 
 424 
 
 147 
 
 30 
 
 26 
 
 1847 
 
 3,920 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 ] 
 
 L8 4 
 
 2 26 
 
 47 
 
 535 
 
 4,638 
 
 433 
 
 208 
 
 50 
 
 21 
 
 1848 
 
 4,152 5 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 ] 
 
 L8 6 
 
 4 26 
 
 31 
 
 
 4,343 
 
 123 
 
 378 
 
 40 
 
 36 
 
 1849 
 
 3,586 5 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 7 5 
 
 4 30 
 
 32 
 
 
 3,958 
 
 193 
 
 530 
 
 48 
 
 31 
 
 1850 
 
 3,879 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 L2 7 
 
 1 33 
 
 28 
 
 
 4,073 
 
 422 
 
 246 
 
 61 
 
 55 
 
 1851 
 
 4,329 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 26 
 
 36 
 
 64 
 
 4,585 
 
 704 
 
 145 
 
 47 
 
 33 
 
 1852 
 
 4,264 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 LO 6 
 
 2 32 
 
 27 
 
 
 4,445 
 
 199 
 
 344 
 
 42 
 
 35 
 
 1853 
 
 4,759 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 9 6 
 
 8 33 
 
 31 
 
 20 
 
 4,984 
 
 878 
 
 195 
 
 63 
 
 28 
 
 1854 
 
 4,689 6 
 
 5 ; 
 
 30 61 
 
 
 7 4 
 
 5 56 
 
 31 
 
 45 
 
 5,335 
 
 685 
 
 311 
 
 32 
 
 25 
 
 1855 
 
 5,228 8 
 
 5 
 
 12 114 
 
 
 6 4 
 
 1 58 
 
 34 
 
 77 
 
 5,685 
 
 538 
 
 256 
 
 44 
 
 41 
 
 1856 
 
 5,575 8 
 
 9 
 
 59 129 
 
 
 L3 4 
 
 4 62 
 
 30 
 
 115 
 
 6,116 
 
 818 
 
 207 
 
 51 
 
 37 
 
 1857 
 
 5,672 16 
 
 
 
 J6 150 
 
 
 17 7 
 
 1 80 
 
 43 
 
 172 
 
 6,421 
 
 678 
 
 304 
 
 39 
 
 28 
 
 1858 
 
 6,022 11 
 
 5 
 
 -5 138 
 
 
 12 6 
 
 8 88 
 
 36 
 
 83 
 
 6,637 
 
 472 
 
 255 
 
 61 
 
 48 
 
 1859 
 
 6,815 10 
 
 
 
 IS 65 
 
 
 12 5 
 
 9 94 
 
 56 
 
 33 
 
 7,317 
 
 762 
 
 317 
 
 73 
 
 35 
 
 1860 
 
 7,542 9 
 
 
 
 55 28 
 
 
 16 5 
 
 1 95 
 
 46 
 
 50 
 
 7,973 
 
 1,160 
 
 259 
 
 62 
 
 49 
 
 1861 
 
 7,744 9 
 
 7 
 
 51 8 
 
 
 24 5 
 
 5 98 
 
 40 
 
 112 
 
 8,229 
 
 773 
 
 316 
 
 62 
 
 55 
 
 1862 
 
 7,973 8 
 
 6 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 19 7 
 
 2 105 
 
 59 
 
 92 
 
 8,458 
 
 594 
 
 344 
 
 61 
 
 66 
 
 1863 
 
 8,386 7 
 
 3 
 
 i3 
 
 
 
 19 19 
 
 9 110 
 
 74 
 
 37 
 
 8,840 
 
 745 
 
 381 
 
 79 
 
 64 
 
 1864 
 
 9,160 7 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 18 11 
 
 7 117 
 
 110 
 
 46 
 
 9,723 
 
 1,306 
 
 376 
 
 111 
 
 87 
 
 1865 
 
 10,034 7 
 
 2 1 
 
 D2 
 
 
 
 15 13 
 
 1 114 
 
 95 
 
 41 
 
 10,604 
 
 792 
 
 172 
 
 55 
 
 28 
 
 1866 
 
 10,404 6 
 
 7 1 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 20 16 
 
 9 115 
 
 115 
 
 102 
 
 11,121 
 
 1,534 
 
 552 
 
 178 
 
 126 
 
 1867 
 
 10,100 5 
 
 9 1 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 B2 23 
 
 134 
 
 60 
 
 93 
 
 10,839 
 
 540 
 
 491 
 
 92 
 
 75 
 
 1868 
 
 9,126 5 
 
 1 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 27 19 
 
 161 
 
 62 
 
 83 
 
 9,853 
 
 322 
 
 993 
 
 109 
 
 76 
 
 1869 
 
 8,209 4 
 
 6 1 
 
 79 
 
 
 
 20 21 
 
 8 162 
 
 59 
 
 97 
 
 8,990 
 
 297 
 
 871 
 
 97 
 
 92 
 
 1870 
 
 8,241 3 
 
 7 2 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 19 18 
 
 9 163 
 
 86 
 
 33 
 
 8,994 
 
 804 
 
 623 
 
 124 
 
 62 
 
 1871 
 
 9,308 3 
 
 8 2( 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 24 14 
 
 184 
 
 114 
 
 5 
 
 10,019 
 
 1,523 
 
 373 
 
 111 
 
 66 
 
 1872 
 
 10,487 3 
 
 8 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 32 13 
 
 2 183 
 
 157 
 
 21 
 
 10,634 
 
 1,734 
 
 377 
 
 115 
 
 65 
 
 1873 
 
 10,882 3 
 
 3 2. 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 32 18 
 
 5 193 
 
 168 
 
 45 
 
 11,512 
 
 1,146 
 
 413 
 
 148 
 
 81 
 
 1874 
 
 11,170 2 
 
 8 2 
 
 56 
 
 
 
 31 13 
 
 9 224 
 
 198 
 
 51 
 
 11,925 
 
 954 
 
 438 
 
 132 
 
 108 
 
 1875 
 
 11,669 3 
 
 2< 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 38 11 
 
 234 
 
 177 
 
 44 
 
 12,336 
 
 965 
 
 304 
 
 150 
 
 117 
 
 1876 
 
 11,717 2 
 
 7 3' 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 36 9 
 
 5 253 
 
 147 
 
 60 
 
 12,627 
 
 822 
 
 425 
 
 141 
 
 114 
 
 1877 
 
 11,618 2 
 
 3 3 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 11 g 
 
 8 269 
 
 111 
 
 118 
 
 12,612 
 
 755 
 
 399 
 
 155 
 
 103 
 
 1878 
 
 11,656 2 
 
 3f 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 14 lU 
 
 271 
 
 86 
 
 100 
 
 12,620 
 
 606 
 
 374 
 
 163 
 
 92 
 
 1879 
 
 10,721 1 
 
 6 4 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 16 23 
 
 4 287 
 
 70 
 
 126 
 
 12,276 
 
 337 
 
 826 
 
 174 
 
 109 
 
 1880 
 
 10,082 1 
 
 3 4- 
 
 LO 
 
 
 
 51 22 
 
 5 417 
 
 79 
 
 70 
 
 11,580 
 
 396 
 
 862 
 
 119 
 
 91 
 
 1881 
 
 9,973 1 
 
 2 4( 
 
 38 Tn 
 
 ide 
 
 
 i5 25 
 
 9 344 
 
 122 
 
 56 
 
 11,201 
 
 662 
 
 454 
 
 173 
 
 103 
 
 1882 
 
 10,254 1 
 
 2 3' 
 
 17 Mem- 
 
 
 39 25 
 
 8 372 
 
 93 
 
 43 
 
 11,448 
 
 834 
 
 412 
 
 138 
 
 88 
 
 1883 
 
 10,707 1 
 
 2 3( 
 
 35 bers. 
 
 
 11 23 
 
 6 371 
 
 128 
 
 57 
 
 11,917 
 
 943 
 
 331 
 
 153 
 
 116 
 
 1884 
 
 11,232 1 
 
 2 3 
 
 (3 49 
 
 
 12 17 
 
 3 361 
 
 110 
 
 63 
 
 12,415 
 
 992 
 
 306 
 
 149 
 
 97 
 
 1885 
 
 11,027 1 
 
 2 3< 
 
 34 83 
 
 
 12 17 
 
 2 436 
 
 139 
 
 71 
 
 12,376 
 
 716 
 
 452 
 
 177 
 
 135 
 
 1886 
 
 10,585 1 
 
 4- 
 
 15 67 
 
 
 52 24 
 
 9 493 
 
 85 
 
 71 
 
 12,037 
 
 454 
 
 686 
 
 160 
 
 110 
 
 1887 
 
 10,221 
 
 5 4' 
 
 17 72 
 
 
 16 28 
 
 1 518 
 
 84 
 
 64 
 
 11,718 
 
 559 
 
 612 
 
 176 
 
 115 
 
 1888 
 
 10,752 
 
 2 4i 
 
 IS 100 
 
 
 38 21 
 
 3 537 
 
 121 
 
 16 
 
 12,202 
 
 1,077 
 
 430 
 
 180 
 
 98 
 
 1889 
 
 12,282 
 
 3 4: 
 
 30 217 
 
 
 17 14 
 
 4 535 
 
 140 
 
 7 
 
 13,805 
 
 2,110 
 
 341 
 
 175 
 
 100 
 
 1890 
 
 13,158 
 
 4 4( 
 
 37 385 
 
 
 37 11 
 
 7 543 
 
 146 
 
 24 
 
 14,821 
 
 1,719 
 
 453 
 
 217 
 
 137 
 
 1891 
 
 13,506 
 
 2 4 
 
 L4 457 
 
 
 34 12 
 
 6 548 
 
 135 
 
 69 
 
 15,291 
 
 1,227 
 
 527 
 
 245 
 
 138 
 
 1892 
 
 13,396 
 
 1 4' 
 
 10 398 
 
 
 38 13 
 
 2 609 
 
 112 
 
 84 
 
 15,190 
 
 856 
 
 633 
 
 211 
 
 149 
 
 1893 
 
 13,285 
 
 1 4] 
 
 LI 356 
 
 
 37 11 
 
 8 688 
 
 85 
 
 69 
 
 15,050 
 
 840 
 
 698 
 
 193 
 
 139 
 
 1894 
 
 13,451 
 
 1 4( 
 
 35 326 
 
 
 to 9 
 
 8 714 
 
 88 
 
 72 
 
 15,195 
 
 1,031 
 
 679 
 
 197 
 
 133 
 
 1895 
 
 13,465 
 
 4( 
 
 35 305 
 
 
 37 IC 
 
 7 741 
 
 76 
 
 40 
 
 15,176 
 
 1,017 
 
 735 
 
 219 
 
 155 
 
 1896 
 
 14,521 
 
 3i 
 
 37 356 
 
 
 39 7 
 
 5 765 
 
 106 
 
 29 
 
 16,278 
 
 1,811 
 
 497 
 
 203 
 
 135 
 
 1897 
 
 15,127 
 
 3' 
 
 J7 376 
 
 
 38 7 
 
 1 796 
 
 92 
 
 38 
 
 16,915 
 
 1,384 
 
 541 
 
 233 
 
 166 
 
 1898 
 
 15,524 
 
 3' 
 
 rO 334 
 
 
 32 7 
 
 831 
 
 109 
 
 25 
 
 17,295 
 
 1.330 
 
 737 
 
 204 
 
 122 
 
 1899 
 
 16,151 
 
 3( 
 
 35 326 
 
 
 39 5 
 
 6 869 
 
 146 
 
 19 
 
 17,971 
 
 i;478 
 
 537 
 
 238 
 
 134 
 
 1900 
 
 16,419 
 
 3. 
 
 59 299 
 
 
 13 8 
 
 911 
 
 202 
 
 44 
 
 18,357 
 
 1,201 
 
 580 
 
 260 
 
 169 
 
 1901 
 
 16,312 
 
 2t 
 
 32 362 
 
 
 34 8 
 
 7 978 
 
 171 
 
 62 
 
 18,268 
 
 966 
 
 613 
 
 237 
 
 160 
 
 1902 
 
 16,252 
 
 3( 
 
 56 235 
 
 
 10 10 
 
 4 1,049 
 
 163 
 
 78 
 
 18,287 
 
 900 
 
 701 
 
 266 
 
 158 
 
 1903 
 
 16,290 
 
 3f 
 
 35 211 
 
 
 39 16 
 
 1,116 
 
 154 
 
 92 
 
 18,427 
 
 1,162 
 
 640 
 
 231 
 
 157 
 
 1904 
 
 16,218 
 
 3( 
 
 37 180 
 
 
 11 17 
 
 8 1,211 
 
 131 
 
 100 
 
 18,426 
 
 965 
 
 675 
 
 254 
 
 157 
 
 1905 
 
 16,429 
 
 3; 
 
 38 167 
 
 
 18 18 
 
 8 1,225 
 
 32 
 
 47 
 
 18,474 
 
 1,082 
 
 728 
 
 233 
 
 118 
 
 1906 
 
 17,187 19 
 
 4 1^ 
 
 t4 147 
 
 
 55 22 
 
 3 1,234 
 
 33 
 
 49 
 
 19,264 
 
 1,665 
 
 616 
 
 271 
 
 172 
 
 1907 
 
 17,396 20 
 
 4 1] 
 
 15 124 
 
 
 50 23 
 
 1,279 
 
 34 
 
 69 
 
 19,501 
 
 1,193 
 
 648 
 
 251 
 
 158 
 
 1908 
 
 16,842 20 
 
 8 1] 
 
 L4 11 
 
 7 
 
 
 52 33 
 
 2 1,336 
 
 25 
 
 93 
 
 19,019 
 
 690 
 
 805 
 
 245 
 
 174 
 
TABLE V. 
 
 Showing amounts paid for each Benefit for the number of years stated ; also the 
 
 averages per member. 
 
 c*~ 
 
 
 Average 
 Yearly No. 
 
 of 
 Members. 
 
 Kinds of Benefits paid 
 to Members. 
 
 Amounts P;ud. 
 
 Average per 
 Member 
 per Year. 
 
 Average 
 
 per 
 
 Member 
 
 per Weelc. 
 
 78 
 78 
 77 
 72 
 73 
 64 
 46 
 76 
 
 9,836 
 9,836 
 9,949 
 10,523 
 10,409 
 11,149 
 13,732 
 10,079 
 
 Donation 
 
 Sick 
 
 Funerals 
 
 Superannuation . 
 
 Dispute 
 
 Accidents 
 
 Benevolent 
 
 Working ex.penses 
 
 L. 
 
 £ s. 
 
 1,186,958 
 
 383.391 18 
 
 116,822 4 
 
 384,305 12 
 
 75,824 4 
 
 50,474 6 
 
 10,350 3 
 
 229,675 18 
 
 2 
 
 
 3| 
 
 1 
 
 s. 
 10 
 
 Hi 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 0* 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 If 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 6| 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 7* 
 
 
 
 ^i 
 
 
 
 Of 
 
 
 
 2i 
 
 
 
 oi 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 0^ 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 TABLE VI. 
 
 Showing Total Income and Expenditure for 78 years, and Cash on Hand 
 
 end of December, 1908. 
 
 No. of 
 Years. 
 
 Average 
 Yearly 
 No. of 
 
 Members. 
 
 Income, Expenditure, 
 and Casli on Hand. 
 
 Total Amounts. 
 
 Average per 
 Member 
 per Year. 
 
 Average 
 
 per 
 
 Member 
 
 per Week. 
 
 78 
 78 
 
 Year 
 1908 
 
 9836 
 
 9836 
 No. of 
 Members. 
 19019 
 
 Income . . . . 
 Expenditure 
 
 Cash on hand 
 
 £ 
 
 s. d. £ s 
 
 2,514,166 10 
 
 2,458,316 18 
 
 6| 
 
 3 5 61 
 
 3 3 10 
 
 Average per 
 Member. 
 56,849 12 3 i 2 18 8| 
 
 s. d. 
 1 35 
 1 2| 
 
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