Class 
 
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 light N? 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 
 
 The Great Divide and the Tripod* 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 THE TWILIGHT PUBLISHERS 
 
 666 N. State Street, Chicago, 111. 
 
 PRICE $2.00 
 
•'-■.■•;■■, -■;■■. ■ 
 
 i. 
 
 
 V 
 
 
The 
 
 "Great Divide and 
 
 tbe Tripod 
 
 ** 
 
 Time, Life and Mind, Mathematical 
 
 r 
 
 BY 
 
 W . B O N N A R 
 
 CHICAGO 
 19 15 
 
COPYRIGHT, 1915 
 BY 
 
 W. BONNAR 
 
 JAN -9 1915 
 
 AD <4 ftS* 
 
 
 Regan Printing- House. Chicago 
 
 ©CU391304 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The subjoined series of dialogues between Janus and his son Zeno, epito- 
 mized in the "contents," are all based upon the hypothesis that Time bears 
 a constant mathematical relation to the universe of Matter and Energy. 
 1 ' Time, ' ' used in this way corresponds with our ordinary conception of ' ' eter 
 nity, " in that it extends to infinity "past, " and infinity "future," whilst 
 at the same time we recognize the ' ' present ' ' existence of all forms of matter, 
 and all modes of energy. 
 
 The general purport of the conversations between Janus and Zeno, is 
 
 To consider (1) What Time is and is not. 
 
 (2) What the cause of Life is. 
 
 (3) What the Mind is, and its Composition, sources, and the modus 
 operandi of its formation. 
 
 (4) Why the mind varies in the same individual at different times, and 
 in different individuals at the same time. 
 
 (5) The relation existing between "instinct" and "subconscious" mind. 
 
 (6) How it is possible to alter the "composition" of the mind. 
 
 (7) To explain how, and why, different phases of Mind (Subconscious 
 or Subliminal; Hypnotic; Ecstatic; Objective; Primordial; Dual mind, 
 etc.) exist, and how any one of these varieties is related to the others. 
 
 (8) How Memories are made and reproduced. 
 
 (9) Why it is necessary that there be Two sides, or halves to the brain, 
 in order to manifest Consciousness. 
 
 Janus declares that the solution of these problems becomes quite simple, 
 and easy to comprehend, when one clearly understands the meaning of the 
 following "ratio", — "Energy and Matter are Related to Time as the 
 Perpendicular is to the Horizontal, ' ' — presuming, of course, that the reader 
 is familiar with the fundamental principles of physical science, and has 
 received a fair general education, and that the mind be Free to admit ele- 
 mentary truths. The word "free" in this sense, means that the mind of the 
 reader is not biased by certain "beliefs," "opinions" and "conclusions," 
 entertained, but not verified. 
 
V PREFACE 
 
 Being firmly convinced that all men were created similarly, constituted, 
 as they are of both "body and mind," differing from each other on account 
 of the manner of the growth and development of each of these necessary 
 elements, — being aware that the body suffers no diminution or change of 
 weight at the cessation of Life and the disappearance of the mental element 
 of the being, — and that no trace of either Mind or Life, can be located after 
 they cease to manifest in the body; it therefore appears to be of prime im- 
 portance to understand how these entities are related to the body during 
 life, and how we may account for the different phases of the mind, and how 
 mental phenomena can be explained in accordance with scientific truths and 
 principles, which are well known and established. 
 
 The writer has endeavored to make the explanations by Janus as brief, 
 clear, and concise as possible, carefully avoiding offensive argumentative 
 declarations, and he has confined himself as closely as possible to the self 
 evident hypothesis, enunciated briefly in the first chapter, and including 
 the simplest and most reasonable deductions therefrom. 
 
 Desiring to assist in the solution of these world problems, the writer most 
 respectfully submits the ' ' The Great Divide and the Tripod ' ' for your careful 
 consideration, believing that you will find it both interesting and profitable. 
 
 Yours, 
 
 TWILIGHT. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Chapter 1. — The ratio of Time to Matter and Force — Diagram, indicating the location 
 of Present Time as identical with that of Matter and Force — The past and future 
 never in existence, and contain nothing — Time a mental conception — Aristotle's defini- 
 tion — Flammarrion 's definition — Time Measure, hypothetical — The Senses deceive us — 
 Length and speed of different vibrations — Use of "time measure' ' — Great value of 
 the "big wheel," or the "Present Vertical" — Truth like a diamond — Different kinds 
 of truths — Newton's law — Dalton's law — Progressive changes in matter under the 
 influence of force — Time, as an entity, not existing. 
 
 Chapter 2. — Cause of Life: — Movement of the earth through the ocean of ether — Heat was 
 once believed to be a "principle" — Lavoisier's discovery — Count Eumford's observa- 
 tions — Joule's law — Horse power — Life force not the same thing as horse power — 
 Life is responsible for — How both chemical and physiological are both due to the same 
 thing — Where life is found, and its constancy, and due to force, not due to a "prin- 
 ciple"; where the force may be found — Horse power of the sun — The ether contains 
 an infinite quantity, and all of it in Present time only — Experiments to prove spon- 
 taneous production of Life, or to ascertaining if there is necessity for heredity to 
 produce life — Chafer's remarks — Organization subsequent to life, and existing within 
 molecules — Man a Microsmos — Speed of earth only l/100th that of Light — Ether 
 possessing substance, else it could not vibrate — Eeceives and conveys countless billions 
 of H. P. of energy — Pressure upon one side of cells favors absorption, and relaxation 
 of the opposite side favors elimination of the contents of the cells — Animals, being free 
 to turn, more rapidly expose one side of the "cells" to the pressure from the ether 
 vibrations, and the opposite side of relaxation, and hence animals have a great advan- 
 tage over plants — Progressive increase in sizes of "atoms," or progressive increase 
 in weight, indicating the number of primordial atoms in each — There are waves and 
 groups of ether waves corresponding to ' ' atoms, ' ' molecules, etc. — Earth twirling rap- 
 idly through stationary ether — Janus suggests a new kind of an instrument to assist 
 Organization of the beings in the sterilized flasks, to bring them up to the standard 
 of organization — How the phenomena of life are all accounted for by the Forces 
 derived from contact of elements with ether — What is the result of the Obliqueness 
 of the contact — What causes molecules to Adhere, and why they separate — Why ether 
 vibrations cause elements to come together in place of separate — What Pythagoras 
 said — What it is that causes his nature to work according to geometery — Yielding to 
 effect of environments, the cause for evolution — Natural selection implies Mind, either 
 in elements or outside — Why ' ' organization ' ' is slower than the formation of molecules. 
 
 Chapter 3. — The "Instrument" — What unites "cause and effect" — Hypothetical and real 
 instruments — Do mental qualities originate in the Man or from the Forces? — Classes 
 of belief — Where the trouble originates — Senses deceive — Zeno wishes to know how 
 the mind can be deceived if it is an entity — Different "organs" are instruments — 
 They assist in transforming one force into another kind of force — Living "instru- 
 ment" keeps changing — Classes of impulses — Organic, special sense, primordial — 
 Descartes ' simile — Contrast with automatons — Seriatum arrangement of ' ' impressions ' ' 
 makes conception of ' ' times ' ' — The forces which produce Mind not necessarily re- 
 sponded to by Action of the body — Forces disappear in the ocean of ' ' universal ' ' force — 
 
V I CONTENTS 
 
 Parts of the body responsible for certain groups of Mind impulses — Mind is appar- 
 ently derived from the ''organism" because the variation of the "organs" is asso- 
 ciated with — Ample room of One brain cell for life history — Systems of nerves for 
 each kind of in-going, and each out-going impulse — How the "machine" can be changed, 
 and thus apparently confirm the impression that the mind comes from the organism — 
 Special sense nerves spread out like delicate brushes towards the outer world — ' ' Roots ' ' 
 of nerves is a misleading term — "Reflex" can be educated — The nerves and brain 
 spread out vibrations like a prism spreads out the colors on the spectrum of light — 
 Medullary "prism," — "Cerebral lens" — Medium suitable for the different kinds of 
 impulses to travel in — Which medium does the Mind travel in? — Sensitiveness of the 
 ether — Ether is both inside and outside of the brain cells, same ether with the same 
 qualities everywhere — "Instrument" can only manifest the qualities of forces which 
 act upon it — Mind foci — Location of; why not far away — Weight of anything is due 
 to force (of gravity) — The Three kinds of energies which come to the brain disappear 
 as such — Mind is the result — Mind continues during sleep — The Tripod. 
 
 Chapter 4. — The invisible headlight — The brain tent — Ether rays keep passing through 
 the "rows of impressions" which have been produced "seriatum" — This is memory, 
 and the cause of our conception of Time — Instinct caused by ' ' invisible headlight ' ' the 
 same as "subconscious mind" — Some rays pass clear through the brain and body, 
 some suffer local focusing — Those which pass through also "focus'" — Beings in a 
 drop of water- — Have some kind of intelligence, same as that of a dog and hare — 
 Highly developed organs act more effectively, but in the same way — How we conceive 
 of "future" and of "past" — Space holding the same relation to Matter as Time 
 does to Mind — Substance — ' ' Happiness ' ' and success are always In the future, and 
 as we cannot enter into it, we never can succeed in overtaking perfect happiness — 
 Electric compass — What we can learn from it — "Attention" the most mobile element 
 of the mind — The ' ' brain-tent ' ' — Two series of vibrations which are alike but cross 
 each other at a close angle causes an image in the air without a canvas to reflect 
 it — So, too, the Consciousness is caused by the Two sides of the brain, which are 
 nearly alike, but not quite — Organized formation of the brain increases power but 
 does not do away with the physical comparison — Nature arranged the parts much better 
 than the "brain -tent" form — Possible use of the Pineal gland — The "inner focus" 
 of the double acting brain what causes "consciousness" — When sleep comes on, the 
 "inner focus" is absent, still the "outer focus" remains or is continually formed — 
 Diagram of "thought transference" — Subconscious mind caused by the focusing of 
 the mind-rays — Tests — Cone of rays (invisible light) corresponds to the needle in the 
 compass — All electric needles in the world point to — but the power applied, or the real 
 Force is at right angles to the needle — The pole ' ' happiness ' ' is in line with the mental 
 conception of Time — The hypnotic mind ' ' faces the past ' ' — Attention fixed upon the Last 
 impression made on the brain — Diagrams — The relation of the "controller" — How a 
 new "association of ideas" forms in the hypnotic subject, and how "dual" mind is 
 formed, and what it is — The diagram of the Ecstatic — How the Ecstatic differs from 
 the Hypnotic — The Hypno-ecstatic— Where "spirits" come from — And how they 
 travel — Joseph's power explained — What ghosts are — How a "strong" medium can 
 disturb the infinite ocean of Mind force, all in terms of the Present — Different ratios, 
 showing the mathematical relations of different kinds of Minds — Arrangement of the 
 brain parts not made by any kind of accident — The significance of the features and 
 their irregularities indicative of aberration in the "Mind focus" in the brain, and the 
 variation of the Outside focus, a natural result according to the well-known actions of 
 other ' ' instruments ' ; — .Mental strabismus, myopia, etc. — What Mr. Ego sees — how mental 
 variations are explained and including "mental diseases" — Dreams explained, upon a 
 
CONTENTS VII 
 
 natural system — The part played by the " records " in the brain — effect of different 
 kinds of education. 
 
 Chapter 5. — How the mind is connected with the body — The all-importance of learning 
 the true relationship — The effect of "Beliefs" — Cannot prove beliefs; if they are 
 proved then they are not beliefs, because they become "knowledge" — The "outside 
 mind ' ' — Diagram of the ' ' beast ' ' — How the ' ' special senses ' ' are slightly active when 
 asleep — The difference between attributes of the mind and the qualities — Where the 
 different groups of mental qualities originate — Fleshzig's centers, of thought and of 
 sense — Diagram of Primordial Mind — Zeno's idea of convenience — Could a teacher 
 justify himself by believing one thing and teaching another? — Must be in a position to 
 demonstrate any hypothesis before it is worth anything — Mind not an Outside influ- 
 ence altogether — Classifying the different kinds of impulses assembling to form the 
 mind, into Three classes — How the Three classes are woven into one fabric, which 
 is the Eesultant, the Mind — How ghosts travel — Intelligence guides beings without 
 any brains, by means of the ' ' invisible headlight ' ' — Advantage of education, and how 
 it may be used in an improper way to foster the ' ' organic ' ' desires — Why definite 
 courses of education are indispensable to proper control of the mind — Special senses are 
 like "roots" of the tree of knowledge — The impossibility of ever attaining a correct 
 psychology by the old systems of teaching — How psychology is simplified and brought 
 within the easy comprehension of the ordinary reader — ' ' Special senses ' ' correspond 
 to metallic vapors in the chromosphere of the sun, and the "mental records" to the 
 Fraunhofer lines — Language attempts to accomplish the same result, but fails par- 
 tially — The "instrument" does not create the light. 
 
 Chapter 6. — The Extension of non-mathematical theories, under which many have labored — 
 And still follow zealously. 
 Observations. 
 
 Chapter 7. — Vocabularv. 
 
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CHAPTER 1. 
 
 THE LONG AXLE AND THE BIG WHEEL. JANUS GIVES ZENO, HIS SON, ONE OF HIS 
 CUSTOMARY LESSONS, IN WHICH HE PROPOUNDS A NEW RATIO. 
 
 Notes by Zeno 
 
 Janus — Well, let us proceed. 
 
 I will here make diagram No. 4, composed of straight lines. (A) is a 
 horizontal line and supposed to be of infinite length, representing our con- 
 ception of Time. 
 
 On this line select any point and call it Present Time. Then if we 
 regard the left hand side as representing the Past, and the right hand side 
 the Future, it is evident that these latter two divisions are equal, because 
 the line representing time is infinite. 
 
 In place of a single line I will draw the figure (B), which represents a 
 surface, and figure (C), which represents a solid. 
 
 In these latter figures, the point, in figure (A) representing the present, 
 will appear as a line in figure (B) and as a surface in figure (C), (See Dia- 
 gram No. 4). 
 
 The transverse measurements of the "solid" figure are not restricted, 
 hence it may be an inch thick or billions of miles, nevertheless there must still 
 be the same relations retained between the divisions of time, denominated 
 Past. Present and Future, as that referred to in figure (A). 
 
 There is always as much "future" on the right hand side as there is 
 "Past"' on the left hand side of the present. 
 
 Upon the "past" side of the "time measure" certain points have been 
 selected and agreed upon by chroniclers from which to compute dates and 
 calculate the duration of all events and all activities. Such period as the 
 birth of Christ, 1,914 years ago, and the date of the foundation of the world, 
 4.004 years previously, have been selected for this purpose. 
 
 It is not necessary that either of these periods be correct, absolutely, but, 
 because they have been agreed upon, they serve the purpose, and are quite 
 as satisfactory, as a basis for calculations involving periods and durations, 
 as if they were really correct. 
 
 The daily revolution of the earth upon its axis, and its annual revolution 
 around the sun. being maintained in regular sequence, occupying a specific 
 duration for each event, whilst continuing simultaneously, each being com- 
 pleted at constantly recurring periods with reference to each other, afford a 
 mathematically correct basis for comparison, and from the divisions of time, 
 thus presented, all other calculations can be computed and estimated. 
 
 Observe that the position of the "present" in Fig. C, Diagram 4, with 
 reference to the other divisions of the line of time, appeals to our conception 
 
 15 
 
16 THE NATURE OF TIME 
 
 as if occupying- a very narrow space, or as a surface between two abutting 
 equal "solids/" and its extent corresponding with the transverse measurement 
 of the "solid." 
 
 In Fig. (B) the "present" appears as a line. 
 
 From the way we reckon time it appeals to one's mind as if the present 
 was continually passing from the past to the future, increasing the length 
 of the past, and to the same extent, encroaching npon the future. Neverthe- 
 less the future is not made shorter nor is the "past" lengthened, because the 
 line representing time is of infinite length, therefore the past and the future 
 remain the same length respectively, and are always equal to each other. 
 
 If a person travels east and from the w T est, there is always as much east 
 before him as there is w 7 est behind him, no matter how far the journey may 
 have extended, or how swiftly he traveled. 
 
 In the same w T aj T there is ahvays just as much future ahead of us as there 
 is past behind us. This is because both space and time (eternity) are infinite, 
 and it makes no difference how long or how rapidly the present may appear 
 to have moved from the past, or how mnch it has seemed to have encroached 
 upon the future. 
 
 A hypothetical measure is just as accurate and serviceable as one which 
 we could handle, if the hypothesis is mathematically correct, in fact in many 
 cases a hypothetical instrument is the only kind that could be used. Accord- 
 ingly we may consider a hypothetical measure as extending across the universe, 
 even if no boundary can be conceived of, simply because w 7 e have a conception 
 of Infinity as that w T hich has no end, and even although it is impossible to 
 define infinity except as a conception. Hence our conception of the duration 
 of the Past is equal to our conception of the duration of the Future, both 
 being arbitrary divisions of the line of time meeting together at the Present. 
 
 Upon any of these hypothetical measures, after assuming a fixed point 
 from which to commence calculations, all periods, dates and the duration of 
 all activities can be estimated, even to the most minute fraction of a second 
 or to the most prolonged period of years. 
 
 The great advantage gained by the hypothetical straight line, surface or 
 "solid," with which to measure time, is that it affords us an accurate mathe- 
 matical basis upon which we can erect another line or "surface" at exactly 
 right angles to the straight line representing Time. 
 
 Increase the size of our ' ' solid ' ' measure until it is as wide as the universe, 
 and let the surface representing the present extend transversely across it, 
 we will find that the hypothetical "surface" contains everything that is in 
 the universe, because everything that is in the universe is alw 7 ays strictly In 
 the present. 
 
 Now w 7 e will denominate the "vertical surface" The "Present Ver- 
 tical"; we have accordingly tw 7 o entirely different lines or figures at exactly 
 right angles to each other — the Time line serves us as an instrument with 
 
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THE LONG AXLE; THE BIG WHEEL 19 
 
 which to measure time and the vertical surface serves us with the means of 
 locating all things as regards Time. 
 
 The ''vertical present" contains all kinds and conditions of Matter, all 
 modes of energy or force, all life, without regard to what kind of creature 
 bears it, all Mind and the phases thereof, any or all spirits which may be 
 conceived to exist, the Creator, Evolver or an} r form or nature of any deity 
 which has been conceived of by man or any other creature, can only be 
 discovered strictly In the "present vertical," in short, the "present vertical" 
 contains the results of all that ever occurred, and the cause of all that will 
 occur — everything that is. 
 
 We cannot recede nor advance from the present, because we cannot alter 
 the relation existing between the present and the past, nor the present with 
 the future, one remaining on each side of the present forever: Hence old 
 Omar Khayyam, the ancient Persian poet and tentmaker, said : 
 "The moving finger writes, and having writ, 
 Moves on, — nor all your piety nor wit 
 Shall lure it back to cancel half a line." 
 
 When tomorrow comes it will be present; we have no access to the past, 
 except as a memory of impressions which were created in terms of the 
 present, and even the records which afford us the memories are themselves 
 in the present. 
 
 The fact that anything which was created, or made, millions of years 
 ago, becomes evident to us at the present cannot be adduced as evidence that 
 the past exists at present; nor because we are confident that the earth will 
 continue to fly around the sun for a million years to come. This cannot 
 serve to prove that there is a future Now in existence or ever can be except as 
 an anticipation. 
 
 "Exists" is in the present tense, and completely excludes both past and 
 future. If it were not so we could have a past at present and a future and 
 present existing at one and the same time, which, of course, is absurd and 
 impossible. 
 
 One side of the hypothetical "vertical present," may be properly con- 
 sidered as "facing to past" and the other side of it as "facing the future," 
 whilst the "vertical present" appeals to the conception as an extended wheel, 
 as wide as the universe, within which all matter and energy, life and mind 
 permanently remain. 
 
 You should constantly bear in mind that the hypothetical time measure 
 passes exactly at right angles to the "vertical plane," which I called the 
 "vertical present," hence the Time measure line might be properly regarded 
 as an axle to the wheel, which is the vertical plane, even although there is 
 neither past nor future in existence except in the mind of the chronicler. 
 The "long axle" time measure is merely a convenient hypothetical conception, 
 by means of which all dates, periods, durations and activities may be estimated. 
 
20 THE NATURE OF TIME 
 
 Being possessed of this simple mathematical relationship, we are at once 
 in a position to place Mind and its Phases and energy with its modes, upon 
 an absolutely correct and very convenient basis, and by means of this hypoth- 
 esis we become able to formulate a set of mathematically correct ratios, which 
 will serve to demonstrate definitely the relationship existing between all kinds 
 of mentalities, in such a manner that we can understand many psychic 
 phenomena, including hypnotism, ecstasy, dual mind, instinct, objective and 
 subjective mind in their relation to each other and to time. 
 
 The ratio expressing the relation of matter and energy to time is expressed 
 by the following formula: 
 
 "Matter and Energy Are to Time as the Perpendicular Is to the 
 Horizontal. ' ' 
 
 Or, if we think of Mind and Life as energies, we would say — 
 
 "Either Mind or Life Is to Time as the Perpendicular Is to the 
 Horizontal. ' ' 
 
 Notice, in the latter of these ratios, that Life represents matter and Mind 
 represents energy, because mind is a form of energy, and it is never recognized 
 independent of matter; nor can life manifest independent of matter. 
 
 Zeno — I can understand the ratios, but I do not quite understand how 
 you make it appear that there is neither past nor future, and then present 
 both in the one line representing time; for if there is only one line, which 
 is one thing, it would be impossible to select a part and call it "present/' 
 for by doing so you must divide the time line. And if you divide it there 
 would only be two parts to it, and then there would be no place for the part 
 which you admit exists, and that is the Present. It would seem to me, even 
 with the hypothetical measure, you must allow one part for the present, in 
 any event, and if you allow any division and one part must be the present, 
 therefore the "time line" would have Three parts to it. 
 
 Janus — Suppose you stood upon the "time line" at the point "present"; 
 your position on the line does not break it, for it would still remain continuous. 
 It is our position in the hypothetical "time measure" which we recognize as 
 "present time." 
 
 Tf you could remain standing on the line representing time and allow the 
 earth and all the heavenly bodies to move along, as they do, without any 
 noise or commotion, passing across the heavens in one direction, would you 
 not think that you were moving in the opposite direction? In exactly the 
 same way, if you sit in a train which remains perfectly still, whilst another 
 train is moving along close by your car, you think that it is your own car that 
 is moving. 
 
 Zeno — But according to that conception the time measure is really nothing 
 but our own measure for distance which the earth and heavenly bodies move. 
 Is that the idea ? 
 
 Janus — Yes, that is the correct idea. There is no such a thing as time at 
 
THE LONG AXLE; THE BIG WHEEL 21 
 
 all, it is only our conception of the relativity of events — the suin of the dura- 
 tion of activities taken continuously — all occurring in Present time, that 
 we regard as Time. 
 
 The very same idea was expressed by Aristotle in ancient times when he 
 said, "Time is but the 'measure' of the duration of things that exist in suc- 
 cession, caused by the motion of the heavenly bodies." 
 
 Again, Camile Flammarion, the great French astronomer, yet living, said, 
 "Know that time is not an absolute reality, but only a transitory 'measure' 
 caused by the movement of the earth in the solar system. ' ' 
 
 Zeno — By such a system the ' ' present ' ' is forced out of existence altogether, 
 yet we know that we live in the present, hence you must account for it in 
 some way. 
 
 Janus — 1 account for it in exactly the same way as we account for the 
 sensation of light and sound and other mental sensations, perceptions and 
 conceptions. 
 
 Light is not a thing in existence in itself. The vibrations generated in 
 the sun, for instance, are perfectly dark, and they are dark all the way as 
 they travel from the sun to our eye and brain, and when they reach the Mind 
 is the very first time in all their course where there is any light whatever. 
 
 The eye and brain have the power to so separate and combine the vibrations 
 that they excite that sensation which our consciousness regards as "light." 
 To the blind eye there is no such a thing as light, although the vibrations 
 come to the blind man in the same way and of the same kind as they are 
 and do to the person with good eyes, yet it is not the eye which makes the 
 light, nor does it let the light shine in, because all it lets in are certain vibra- 
 tions, but vibrations are not Light. 
 
 Again, there is really no sound in the piano which we think makes the 
 music. The vibrations of the wires are perfectly soundless, and there is no 
 sound all the way right from the wires to the ear and brain; onhy as the 
 vibrations are accumulated and properly distributed in the brain are they 
 transformed into music, and become appreciated by consciousness as sound. 
 We of course refer the sound to the place of origin of the vibrations, simply 
 because we have learned that certain vibrations, originating at a certain dis- 
 tance, in a certain direction, produce the series of impressions which con- 
 sciousness perceives as "sound." It is exactly the same way with regard to 
 the movement of the earth and heavenly bodies, producing the mental concep- 
 tion of "time.' 7 
 
 Thus Time is due to the sensation which we perceive of the vibration or 
 movement of the earth and other heavenly bodies afloat in the universe. 
 
 The Vibrations producing time are immensely slower than the vibrations 
 which we recognize as producing light and sound ; nevertheless, they are due 
 to the same kind of cause, viz., Motion. 
 
 The different sensations are due to the Length of the vibrations, the 
 
22 THE NATURE OF TIME 
 
 rapidity of the vibrations, and the structure of the organ of sense which 
 receives them. 
 
 Compare the length of the vibrations of light. There are 38,000 to the 
 inch in "red" light, 42,000 to the inch for "orange," 46,000 to the inch in 
 "yellow," 50,000 to the inch in the "green," 54,000 in "blue," 58,000 in 
 "indigo" and 62,000 in "violet." When the waves get shorter than that 
 they produce no impression on our eyes, but still they are "light" (invisible 
 light). The sensitive photographic plates see them, and under the name of 
 Chemical Rays they have been traced down to 250,000th of an inch. 
 
 Yet far below this in the scale there are other smaller waves. When we 
 get down to the 250,000,000th of an inch we find the X ray. The Length 
 op the X Ray Is Less in Comparison with an Inch than an Inch in Com- 
 parison to the Distance from New York to the North Pole. The length 
 of an X ray wave compared with an average wave of visible light is about as 
 an inch to a mile. But this is not the bottom of the list of short waves by 
 any means. The diameter of a " corpuscle ' ' is far less than the length of any 
 of these waves. It has been estimated that the diameter of the "electron" is 
 12,700,000,000th of an inch. 
 
 The length of the duration of a wave of red light is only the 430,000, 000th 
 of a second, and that of violet light 760,000,000th of a second. 
 
 By means of these exceedingly rapid movements, consciousness can per- 
 ceive very slow and long vibrations. We can see a tree vibrate, a bridge swing, 
 the tide rise. And although we cannot see the sun apparently move, yet we 
 can see the result of the real motion of the earth and calculate the 'durations 
 of the revolutions of the heavenly bodies. This is Time sensation. (See Dia- 
 gram No. 5.) 
 
 And if there are very short and very small vibrations, there are also 
 very long and very slow vibrations of ether. There is no reason why there 
 should not be such a slow vibration as not to be completed in less than one 
 year, or a hundred years, or any length of time, — and so large as to occupy 
 the diameter of the orbit of the earth, or any of the planets, or even that of 
 any of the immense fiery suns which dot the heavens; because both Time and 
 Space are infinite. 
 
 There must be more than One kind of vibration before we can perceive it 
 at all, — for it is by comparison that consciousness takes cognizance of anything. 
 
 Jn light and sound there are many closely similar vibrations. In the case 
 of Time there are (1) The motion of the earth turning on its axis; (2) The 
 motion of the earth flying around the sun; (3) The movements of the planets 
 about the sun; (4) The apparent revolution of the entire heavens daily; 
 (5) The occasional appearance of comets, meteors, etc., in the heavens. 
 
 It is just as reasonable to conceive of very slow and long vibrations as to 
 conceive of very rapid and short ones. 
 
 Our "Time Measure" can be used to calculate the duration of any motion; 
 
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THE LONG AXLE; THE BIG WHEEL 25 
 
 to estimate how many similar revolutions of the earth, or fractions thereof, it 
 required for the forces of Nature to accomplish anything that has been accom- 
 plished ; and. by extension of the scales, to estimate how long it will require 
 the same forces to accomplish other and somewhat similar results. 
 
 From the constancy of the movements of the earth and other heavenly 
 bodies in the past, calculations can be made accurately how long it will 
 require for similar repetitions of the same. If the speed of the earth's move- 
 ments varied, then our system of calculating time would be entirely wrong. 
 
 Zeno — Since it has been known so long, it is a wonder to me that we are 
 not usually taught more concerning the true nature of time, — if I can be 
 allowed to speak of it as a thing when we know that it really does not exist 
 except as a sensation. And I would think that the "line" as in Fig. (A) in 
 the diagram would be all that is needed as a time measure, — for it would 
 be much more convenient to make divisions and periods on it than the ' ' solid ' ' 
 measure would be. 
 
 Janus — As I said before, the object of having the "solid" measure is in 
 order that we can erect another figure (a surface) at right angles to the 
 "'time line," so that we can locate everything that exists in mathematical 
 relation to time. This is a great convenience, and it is necessary, because 
 everything that does exist, does so in time and space. The Time is the 
 "'present" and the space is represented by the "wheel," or the "present 
 vertical "as referred to previously. There is nothing in all the universe which 
 is not accommodated in the "present vertical" — all forms of matter and 
 every mode of energy, all mind, spirit, Creator, or creative force, and all 
 phases of mind, can be properly shown in their relation to time by means of 
 these figures crossed at right angles. Memories are by this means separated 
 from desires, — demonstrable scientific achievements, from hopes, beliefs, and 
 faiths, and opinions. By means of this arrangement we can explain the modus 
 operandi of hypnotism, ecstasy, dual mind, thought transference, mind read- 
 ing, mind healing, trance, mediumship, objective mind, subjective mind, 
 instinct, the composition of the mind itself, and understand how the phases of 
 the mind are produced. Who it is or What it is that corresponds with the 
 Creative power of the universe ; and, finally, place man in his proper relation 
 to the rest of "evolving" creation. 
 
 Zeno — It appeal's to me that if such marvelous results can be attained 
 by means of this simple hypothetical figure, that these crossed lines or figures 
 must be the key to the universe of knowledge. I must say that I doubt that 
 such results can be so easily obtained, but not being acquainted with the 
 nature of these subjects very well, nor how you propose to proceed, I am not 
 in a position to say it is impossible. 
 
 Janus — All truths in the universe agree with each other. Truth is like a 
 diamond, whose value is greatly enhanced by careful polishing and proper 
 setting, and there are new ones being discovered. The more you examine a 
 
26 THE NATURE OP TIME 
 
 truth the clearer it will appear, and when we carefully examine and apply 
 the ratio ''Energy and Matter Are to Time as the Perpendicular Is to 
 the Horizontal," we will find that it is useful and convenient, and that it 
 will serve to make plain many of the deep and mysterious sayings recorded in 
 the writing of philosophers, sages, and prophets, and to explain many peculiar 
 phenomena. 
 
 There are some general truths which stand behind others, as it were, and 
 when the general truth is appreciated, then the subordinate truths appear as 
 blanches from it, like the branches and foliage of a tree. Any hypothesis is 
 valuable in proportion to the number and importance of the facts which it 
 will explain, and if it is simple and easily understood, it becomes more valu- 
 able, because it is not difficult to apply, and the detection of error is propor- 
 tionally easier. If the hypothesis will explain all known facts, then it is as 
 good as the natural law, because everything pertaining to its operation occurs 
 as if it were the natural law. If any new facts be discovered, which the 
 hypothesis will not explain, then it becomes discredited, and some other and 
 more general law will be sought. Still it may be useful. Even Newton's law 
 of Attraction of Gravitation is now disputed as being a true Natural law, 
 partly because his law is confined to separate bodies, and implies empty space, 
 which is now believed not to exist. The idea of continuity of matter through- 
 out space implies that there is no empty space, or that there is some kind of 
 matter everywhere, and that the ether, like a limpid jelly, really Fills up all 
 the intervals between appreciable bodies of matter. 
 
 But since Newton's hypothesis explains all the facts with reference to 
 masses at different distances, it will continue to be used until some other 
 hypothesis, perhaps the very opposite of attraction, is found that will explain 
 all in conformity with Continuity of matter. 
 
 Dalton's law of atomic weights is simply a recognition of the general fact 
 that all elementary substances, which combine, do so in proportion to certain 
 specific weights, or multiples thereof; such weight, for each substance, is 
 called "its atomic weight," although no person ever isolated an atom, yet 
 even if it were proved that the atom does not exist as such, still his law or 
 hypothesis would be used until a better one was discovered that would account 
 for the facts without the supposition of the existence of the atom, because it 
 affords chemists a very great advantage. 
 
 Notice, in the horizontal "time line" there is no matter and no force, and 
 accordingly there is no motion. These are all confined to the "vertical 
 present." every part of which is in motion, and it is filled with matter and 
 energy. Everything in the "big wheel" is alive with vibratory effort, con- 
 tinually placing the elements of matter and masses thereof in new relations 
 to each other, and constantly changing the shape, composition and properties 
 in some way, either by combining them in different ways, or decomposing 
 them, and the only constant thing in nature is "change." New substances 
 
THE LONG AXLE; THE BIG WHEEL 27 
 
 appear, and old forms disappear as they are taken up in the new, yet the 
 same general amount remains, both of matter and energy. The forces operate 
 solely on matter, not on "time." In fact, Time as an Entity Does Not Exist. 
 Hence, such expressions as "Father Time," "Time flies," "Time is on the 
 wing," etc., are misleading, because they imply action, intelligence, and 
 personality, all of which only exist in the "present vertical" portion of the 
 hypothetical figure. 
 
CHAPTER 2 
 
 THE CAUSE OF LIFE. THE VERY RAPID MOTION OF THE EARTH AS IT REVOLVES IN 
 ITS ORBIT, DRAGS THE ELEMENTS OF MATTER SWIFTLY AND IN A SLIGHTLY 
 OBLIQUE DIRECTION, AGAINST THE DELICATE WAVES OF ETHER, THE UNIVERSAL, 
 CONTINUOUS, AND VARIOUSLY GROUPED SERIES OF WAVES, SUPPLY THE FORCE 
 NECESSARY TO CARRY ON THE PROCESSES OF LIFE. THE ELEMENTS OF MATTER 
 FLYING SWIFTLY WITH THE EARTH, MEET THE WAVES OBLIQUELY, LIKE RAIN- 
 DROPS STRIKE THE FACE WHEN ONE RUNS OUT IN THE RAIN, ALTHOUGH THEY 
 ARE REALLY DESCENDING VERTICALLY. 
 
 Notes by Zeno — 
 
 Zeno — Since everything there is in all the universe is located in the "Big 
 Wheel," therefore the Principle of Life must be included with all the rest. 
 I have understood that the principle of life was something like a spirit, or 
 power, or non-material force, or influence which was instilled into animals 
 and plants by the Creator, away back at the time of the creation, and that 
 it is due to the principle of life that there is organization and evolution, and 
 from living organized matter Mind is finally developed. I would like very 
 much to understand how you make it appear that the life principle and mind 
 also are contained in the "big wheel." 
 
 Janus — "Principle," used in the way you mention, must be either some 
 thing, or some force, and since all kinds of energy and all forms of matter 
 exist In the present, therefore the principle of life is also In the "big wheel." 
 
 At one time ' ' it was believed that there was a ' principle ' , called Phlo- 
 giston, or Caloric contained in combustible substances, but, after Lavoisier 
 discovered the chemical theory of combustion, phlogiston was disregarded; 
 still, for a time, 'caloric' was considered the active 'principle.' " 
 
 Count Rumford discovered that in boring brass cannon for 2y 2 hours 
 that there was sufficient heat generated to raise 26% pounds of water from 
 the freezing to the boiling temperature, yet there was no loss of weight in the 
 process ; hence he concluded that the heat was set up in the particles by the 
 forces applied, seeing that the process could be continued indefinitely. 
 
 Professor Joule, by a series of ingenious experiments, discovered the 
 mechanical equivalent for heat. The ratio was, that to raise a pound of 
 water one degree Centigrade was equivalent to the work required to raise one 
 pound of weight to the height of 1392 feet, or 1392 pounds to the height of 
 one foot. 
 
 AVlien this was demonstrated there was nothing more heard about the 
 "principle" as a cause for combustion. 
 
 Heat has been proven to be a "mode of motion," and when once the real 
 
 29 
 
30 LIFE DUE TO FORCE 
 
 cause for "Life" is discovered and demonstrated, it will also be found to be 
 "a mode of motion/' and the idea that some principle is the active cause will 
 be discarded entirely, for it will be shown to be due to a force which acts 
 upon matter. 
 
 Living beings can and do manifest varying degrees of force or power, but 
 the force which they manifest cannot be the force which causes life, because 
 each being must be living before it could exhibit its power. 
 
 Boulton and Watt, of London, established the "mechanical equivalent" 
 for one horse power, by testing dray horses, working 8 hours per day in 
 the docks. This "equivalent" is recognized as 33,000 pounds, or the force 
 necessary to raise 33,000 pounds one foot in one minute acting directly against 
 the force of gravity. Ever since their time this "equivalent" has been used 
 in making calculations and estimates in mechanics. 
 
 Life force, or the power which produced life in the horse, evidently existed 
 before such a test of strength could be made, and was operating as truly in 
 the horse when he Avas not working as when he was. The power which different 
 beings exert, varies very greatly. If an elephant could exert as much power 
 in proportion to its weight as a flea can, he could jump across the Atlantic 
 ocean in 13 jumps, and run across the continent carrying a cannon of 60 tons 
 in an hour. 
 
 At one time the power of an animal is much greater than at another time ; 
 hence any mechanical equivalent accepted is only a matter of convenience for 
 making calculations. 
 
 Life is responsible for birth, growth, development, the phenomena of 
 metabolism, reproduction, etc., and its action is upon the elements which 
 combine to form the cells and tissues, inducing them to organize, and manifest 
 the functions peculiar to each organ, and that also of the entire being, which 
 latter differs widely from that of the separate organs composing the being. 
 
 It is such that it acts both chemically and "physiologically" — it constructs 
 Molecules out of atoms, and atoms from electrons ; it arranges the Molecules 
 into "cells," fabricates the cells into organs, and arranges the organs into 
 their most effective positions in each creature, where they can perform their 
 respective functions. 
 
 One might conceive of the action of life force as that of a tree ("the tree 
 of Life"), whose arborescent evolution progresses always with variation in 
 which each variation, however small, constantly depends upon preceding 
 developments and present conditions. 
 
 Life has been compared to a flame, as of a candle ; sometimes strong and 
 vigorous, at other times weak and flickering, never constant; it commences 
 like a very minute spark, it grows, develops, declines, and dies away, and 
 cannot be found any more; it is circumscribed, and during all the while it 
 lasts, chemical products result from its action different from the elements 
 which unite in its production. The flame you see this moment is not the flame 
 
SOURCE OF LIFE 3 J 
 
 you see the next, although it appears like it. So with life, the identity of 
 the individual remains, but it is not the same structure, because there is a 
 continual stream of new substances entering into all living tissue, and becom- 
 ing appropriated by the cells, whilst former elements thereof as continuously 
 pass away and disappear. 
 
 So that the living being is like unto a river, which remains a river as the 
 water rushes along, but it is never the same water which, composes it. At 
 times life becomes embarrassed by the accumulation of effete material, so does 
 the flame, and in our attempt to remove the dross we may snuff it out. 
 
 The force which produces life must be one which acts upon matter in all 
 regions of the earth, in the deep ocean, for miles up in the air, night and day, 
 winter and summer, — life has been abundantly discovered in strong alkaline 
 deposits, and in petroleum pumped from beneath several strata of the crust 
 of the earth. It accompanies the earth as it flies through the abysses of space, 
 as it plunges forward and round nearly 1,000,000,000 miles in each year, and 
 this has continued for several millions of years. It manifests a tendency to 
 evolve matter which it has organized, from the simpler forms to more complex 
 and complicated structures. It acts as certainly in extremely minute organ- 
 isms, some of which are less than 1/200,000 of an inch, as in the elephant. 
 
 To say that life is due to a "principle" is but an acknowledgment that its 
 real cause has not been discovered and demonstrated. 
 
 It is certain that the force which causes life must either be inherent in the 
 elements of matter, or else it is a force which is impressed upon these elements 
 from the outside. 
 
 Zeno — In either case it would seem to be possessed of some wonderful 
 kind of intelligence, in order that the elements of matter can become arranged 
 into such extremely varying relations to each other as enables them, and the 
 different organs which are formed, to classify into completed structures still 
 performing their respective functions. I don 't think it can be in the elements 
 of matter, else they would require to possess infinitely more intelligence than 
 we do, — but that is absurd. And if it is impressed upon the elements by an 
 outside force I would think that it must be some kind of spirit, or mind, of 
 perpetual and infinite presence, directing evolution for some ulterior purpose 
 which never can be completed, owing to the constant changes necessary to the 
 relation of matter with force. It is to me a great mystery. 
 
 Janus — Matter has a property called Inertia, which is such that it has 
 neither the power to move itself nor to arrest its own motion when moved. 
 Molecules and electrons are ''matter" as certainly as large masses — hence the 
 force which causes the motion amongst the elements' of "living matter" must 
 be a force applied from the Outside of it, — and it must be the same "lifa 
 force" which animates an amoeba as that which animates any large creature, — 
 and such that acts upon the "chemical element" in molecules as that which 
 acts upon ' 'physiological elements" (cells, which are made up of molecules'* . 
 
32 LIFE DUE TO FORCE 
 
 Hence, also, the total amount of ''life force" acting upon a large creature 
 must be proportionately greater than the amount acting upon a small creature. 
 
 Where can we find a force which constantly acts in all regions of the earth, 
 in all climes and at all times, which acts upon both small and great creatures, 
 and at the same time pushes forward the changes constantly, which occur 
 within the very molecules of which we know the cells and tissues of living 
 beings are made ? 
 
 Zeno — Since it is not a "principle" it must be "spirit" or "mind." 
 
 Janus — The earth revolves on its axis once daily; swings once annually 
 around the sun, and flies forward in space 400,000,000 miles yearly, in com- 
 pany with the sun and seven other planets, 26 moons, 700 satellites, some 
 comets, and encounters untold numbers of meteors, which are attracted 
 towards it ; during all of the flight of the earth it is spinning through the 
 ether, which is alive with vibrations which convey immense quantities of 
 energy, which it apparently receives from the hundred millions of blazing 
 fierce suns, or stars which are scattered throughout the vast expanse of the 
 heavens. The amount of energy contained in the ether is altogether inesti- 
 mable, for it is calculated that our little sun sheds upon the earth continually 
 four and a half million horse power of radiant energy for each square mile 
 of surface. Viewed from the sun, our earth would appear as a small circle 
 only 1/2,000,000,000 of the area in the heavens at the distance of the earth 
 from the sun. The total amount of the sun's energy is estimated at 495 
 followed by 26 ciphers— 49,500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 horse power. 
 What must be the horse power of radiant energy emitted from any one of the 
 much mightier suns than ours? It is estimated that there are at least 
 100,000,000 mighty suns, all of which circle rapidly in their separate orbits, 
 and each of them is surrounded with immense envelopes blazing metallic 
 vapors. The ether receives and conveys this energy in every direction, and 
 the earth with its elements continues to roll and circle through the ether, at 
 the rate of SlYo miles per second. This great speed is only about one hun- 
 dredth part as rapid as the speed of light, and there are waves of ether much 
 faster and much slower than those which produce the phenomena of light. 
 
 Ether is so extremely limpid and penetrating that its vibrations readily 
 pass through and amidst the atoms and electrons within the molecules of 
 matter, and therefore must communicate its energy to them. 
 
 If we can show that the force encountered by the elements on the earth 
 acts in the manner required to produce the motions and forms associated 
 with life, and as there is no other source which we know of sufficient to 
 perform the task, it should be accepted as a sufficient explanation of the 
 phenomena produced, — or that from this source comes the "life force." 
 
 But before explaining how the results, or life itself, could occur from this 
 cause, as they are known to occur, it may be profitable to relate a very few 
 
SOURCE OF LIFE 33 
 
 of the thousands of experiments which have been made to find out if life can 
 be made to appear independent of previous life. 
 
 Zeno — But finding out whether life comes from former life would not 
 prove where the progenitors obtained it. 
 
 Janus — No ; but it would show if life is necessarily hereditary. 
 
 A large variety of unsuccessful attempts have been made to account for 
 the phenomena of life. There are, in ancient philosophies, the " elemental 
 theories," and "hypothesis concerning a principle of life" in the universe 
 itself — Anima Mundi — manifesting itself in all the varieties appearing in the 
 world. These theories were purely hypothetical — attempts to escape the diffi- 
 culty rather than to solve it. 
 
 According to Descartes and others, the phenomena of living bodies may 
 be explained by the mechanical and chemical forces belonging to matter. 
 This, at least, approximates toward a scientific treatment of the facts, as it 
 bears upon the activities of Organism, which are to be explained by these 
 Forces named (mechanical and chemical). 
 
 The age of science, relying upon observation and induction, with the use 
 of scientific instruments, has raised the question of the origin of life, with a 
 view of ascertaining whether we have any scientific evidence of spontaneous 
 generation. 
 
 The conclusion is mostly adverse to this alternative, and it is generally 
 agreed that there is no life known to exist which does not develop from Germ, 
 under the action of external conditions favorable to the unfolding of life 
 already present, and which was found to be of a different type, according to 
 the laws of heredity. 
 
 This investigation naturally centered upon the lowest forms of organism, 
 under such scrutiny as becomes possible with the aid of the microscope. 
 
 Zeno — But even if they did discover spontaneous generation, I do not see 
 how that would discover the Force which produced life in the first place, nor 
 what the force is which keeps it up ; for it might still reside In the substances 
 used in the experiments, — or it might still be due to a principle, — or to a 
 spirit or outside influence, such as you spoke of in the ether, for the ether can 
 pass through any kind of a vessel as easily as light through glass, I understand. 
 
 Janus — I will give you a short account of two or three experiments which 
 have been made by very reliable men, and what results they obtained, and 
 afterwards I will quote you the opinion given by Professor Chafer upon the 
 subject, and afterwards attempt to explain the effect produced upon the 
 elements of matter by being drawn very swiftly through the vibrations of 
 ether. — the force being derived from the three motions of the earth. 
 
 However, let us proceed with the reports of some experiments made by 
 bringing together in a sterilized condition and with proper protection in closed 
 glass vessels, in order to see if the substances would come to life, independent 
 of previous living beings. 
 
3$ I -IKK DUE TO FORCE 
 
 . Professor La Due, of France, is perhaps the foremost in the field of experi- 
 menters. He thus created not merely single elementary forms of life, but 
 also beings having the appearance of corals, mussels, star-fish, and other 
 comparatively advanced creatures. He made both animal and vegetable forms, 
 and placed them in a nutritive medium. For instance, he made a germ, con- 
 sisting of one part of sugar, two parts of sulphate of copper; the latter 
 forming a covering membrane. This he placed in a solution of gelatine, yellow- 
 blood alkali, chloro-natrium, and silica salts. The latter salts were put in to 
 furnish bones and shells, which in sea creatures are found to consist largely 
 of silicates. 
 
 The germ burst its membrane, greedily swallowed up the nutriment in 
 die surrounding fluid, developed a head and body, threw out tentacles, and by 
 some mysterious chance one of these grew enormously beyond the others, until 
 it seemed like a great snake. 
 
 Different combinations of the same substances produced other copies of 
 living creatures. 
 
 When blood was omitted from the nutritive medium, vegetable forms were 
 obtained. n 
 
 These creatures did not have the power to reproduce others, hence it was 
 said they were not strictly alive. 
 
 Professor Burke of Cambridge University (England) reports that he has 
 produced living from non-living matter with the aid of the wonderful sub 
 stance, radium. 
 
 He placed the radium in a test tube containing sterilized bouillon, and got 
 from the mixture microscopic growths resembling, at first sight, what is seen 
 when bacteria are cultivated in test tubes of bouillon ; but under the micro- 
 scope these creatures were found to be different from any known micro- 
 organism. They moved constantly in a right-hand direction, and hastened 
 their movements under the influence of light. 
 
 All possibility of the invasion of living germs had been eliminated, yet 
 these minute rounded bodies seemed to be very much alive. They combined 
 the characteristics of living protoplasm, at least so far as they subdivided, 
 grew and multiplied. In this way they differed from Professor La Due's 
 creations, which never showed any capacity to reproduce themselves. 
 
 To these cultures Professor Burke gave the name of Radiobes. They had 
 nuclei characteristic of unmistakable living matter, and which differentiate it 
 from crystals. 
 
 Prof. Charles Powell White of Manchester University, in his experiments, 
 found that crystals had the power of growth, movement, and reproduction ; a 
 combination of faculties formerly believed to belong only to living matter. 
 He found that a crystal of sodium chloride increased by forming new mole- 
 cules from a nutritive medium, in much the same way that a fish would 
 sustain itself. The crystals multiplied by fission in the same way that the 
 
SOURCE OP LIFE 35 
 
 lower forms of life do. When there was not sufficient nutrient material in 
 the surrounding medium, the crystals showed the power of moving away in 
 search of more food. While the crystals do not possess nuclei, which are 
 characteristic of the higher forms of life, they nevertheless have certain powers 
 which are identical with those of living creatures, and may be regarded as the 
 beginning of life. 
 
 Professor Chafer, President of the British Association for the Advance 
 of Science, one of the foremost scientists in the world, thinks Creation is 
 continuous. He said: 
 
 "If spontaneous generation is possible, we cannot expect it to take the 
 form of living beings with so marked a degree of differentiation, both 
 structural and functional, as the organisms which are described as making 
 their appearance in these experimental flasks. If the formation of life of 
 living substance is possible at the present day (and for my own part I 
 see no reason to doubt it), a boiled infusion of organic matter, and still less 
 inorganic matter, is the last place in which to look for it. 
 
 "Our mistrust of such evidence as has yet been brought forward, need 
 not preclude us from admitting the possibility of the formation of living 
 from non-living substance. 
 
 "Setting aside as devoid of scientific foundation, the idea of immediate 
 supernatural intervention, in the first production of life, we are not only 
 justified in believing, but compelled to believe, that living matter must owe 
 its origin to causes similar in character to those which have been instru- 
 mental in producing all other forms of matter in the universe, — in other 
 words, to a process of evolution. 
 
 "Looking, therefore, at the evolution of living matter by the light which 
 is shed upon it from the study of evolution of matter in general, we are 
 led to regard it as having been produced, not by sudden alteration, whether 
 exerted by natural or supernatural agencies, but by a gradual process of 
 change from a material which was lifeless, through material on the border 
 land between animate and inanimate, to a material which has all the charac- 
 teristics to which we attach the term life. So far from expecting a sudden 
 leap from the inorganic or at least unorganized, into an organic or organized 
 condition, from an entirely inanimate substance to a completely animate 
 state of being, should we not rather expect a gradual procession of changes 
 from inorganic to organic matter through stages of gradually increasing 
 complexity until material which can be termed 'living material' can be 
 attained? And in place of looking for the production of fully formed 
 living organisms, in hermetically sealed flasks, should we not rather search 
 Nature herself, under natural conditions, for evidence of the existence, 
 either in the past or in the present, of transitional forms between living and 
 non-living matter? 
 
 "The difficulty, nay, the impossibility, of obtaining evidence of such evolu- 
 
36 LIFE DUE TO FORCE 
 
 tion from the past history of the globe, is obvious. Both the hypothetical 
 transitional material, and the living material, which was originally evolved 
 from, may, as McCallum has suggested, have taken the form of different 
 ultramicroscopic particles of living substances, and even if they were not 
 diffused, but aggregated into masses, these masses could have been physically 
 nothing more than colloidal watery slime, which would leave no impress 
 upon geological formation. Myriads of years may have elapsed before some 
 sort of skeleton, or silicious spicule began to evolve itself, and thus enable 
 life which must have possessed a prolonged existence, to make any sort of 
 geological record. 
 
 "It follows that in attempting to pursue the evolution of living matter 
 to its beginning in terrestrial history, we can only expect to be confronted 
 by a blank wall of nescience. 
 
 "But are we justified in assuming that at one period only, and by a 
 fortunate or fortuitous combination of circumstances, living matter became 
 organized out of non-living matter, and life became established? 
 
 "Is there any reason to conclude that at some previous period, our earth 
 was more favorably circumstanced for the production of life than it is now? 7 ' 
 
 He answers: "I have vainly sought for such reason, and if none be 
 forthcoming the conclusion forces itself upon me that the evolution of non- 
 living into living substance has happened more than once, and we can by no 
 means be sure that it is not happening still. 
 
 "It is true that up to the present time there is no evidence of such 
 happening; no process of transition has hitherto been observed. But on the 
 other hand, is it not equally true that the kind of evidence which would be 
 of any real service in determining this question has not hitherto been looked 
 for? We may be certain that if life is being produced from non-living sub- 
 stance it will be life of a far simpler character than that which has yet been 
 observed — in material which we will be uncertain whether to call it animate 
 or inanimate, even if we are able to detect it at all, and which we may not 
 be able to visualize physically even after we have become convinced of its 
 existence. But we may look with the mind's eye, and follow in imagination 
 the formation which non-living matter may have undergone, and may still 
 be undergoing to produce living substance. 
 
 "No principle of evolution is better founded than that insisted on by 
 Sir Charles Lyell, justly termed by Huxley 'the greatest geologist of his 
 time' — that we must interpret the past history of our globe by the present. 
 That we must seek for the explanation of what has happened by what is 
 happening; that, given similar circumstances, what has occurred at one time 
 will probably occur at another. The process of evolution is universal, the 
 inorganic materials of the globe are continually undergoing transition. New 
 chemical combinations are constantly being formed, and old ones broken up ; 
 new elements are making their appearance, and old ones disappearing. Well 
 
SOURCE OF LIFE 37 
 
 may we ask ourselves why the production of living alone should be subject 
 to other laws, that those which have produced, and are producing the various 
 forms of non-living matter, why what has happened may not happen. 
 
 "If living matter has been evolved from lifeless in the past, we are 
 justified in accepting the conclusion that its evolution is possible in the 
 present and in the future. Indeed, we are not only justified in accepting 
 this conclusion, but we are forced to accept it. When and where such 
 change from non-living to living matter may first have occurred, when 
 and where it may still be occurring, are problems as unsettled as they are 
 interesting; but we have no right to assume that they are insoluble." 
 
 Zeno — Professor Chafer does not appear to have much confidence in the 
 conclusiveness of the evidence furnished him by the reports of these 
 experiments, — nor does he believe in a miraculous creation, such as we read 
 about in Genesis. Chafer must differ with Carpenter, the physiologist, 
 Dalton, the physicist, and Hunter, the anatomist, who said that "organiza- 
 tion*' comes after Life, or that life exists before organization; for there 
 must be plenty of organization in the creatures produced in the experiments, 
 yet Chafer does not believe they were alive really. 
 
 Janus — The forces which produce Life must exist, in some other mode, 
 before inanimate could be animated, and certainly before there could be any 
 "organization" — because there cannot be organization before there is the 
 living thing in existence to become organized. Organization is a process by 
 which living elements become placed together in certain relations to each 
 other, according to some design or plan. 
 
 There is "organization" even in molecules, because there are many sub- 
 stances which have identically the same number and kind of atoms in them, 
 but with very different properties. For instance, the poison of a rattlesnake 
 has the same chemical composition as the white of an egg. A diamond is 
 the same as lampblack, so far as the molecule of carbon is concerned, each 
 being pure carbon. Coal gas and oil of roses have each 4 atoms of carbon 
 and 4 of hydrogen. Oil of orange, lemon, ginger, and black pepper in every 
 instance have 6 atoms of hydrogen and 10 of carbon, yet they have very 
 different qualities. Strychnine and theine have each the same number of 
 atoms, and of the same kind and proportion, yet with very different properties. 
 
 These examples serve to show us that the organization of the molecules 
 differ in the arrangement of the atoms in them, and that the difference is the 
 cause of the variation in the properties of the different substances. 
 
 An atom can no more choose its position in the molecule than any form 
 of matter can move itself. In other words, ' ' force ' ' must be applied to matter 
 before it moves into any position. 
 
 The water of a river or of the ocean may be agitated with many minute 
 impulses whilst at the same time it flows en masse. So, also, the extremely 
 limpid ocean of ether throughout space may be in a continual vibratory state 
 
38 LIFE DUE TO FORCE 
 
 Avliilst great waves of it shift more slowly, yet all move simultaneously in 
 rhythmical, arithmetical, and geometrically related undulations. The many 
 millions of fierce blazing suns revolving at intervals in the heavens impress 
 the ether with large circular waves just as certainly as the swiftly moving 
 hydrogen atoms in the metallic vapors around them do with small waves. 
 
 All of these undulations are made upon and conveyed by the ether, and 
 in some way affect the earth and its elements, perhaps moulding their shape 
 and influencing their movements. In fact, Man, himself, was by the ancients 
 regarded as a Microcosmos, or universe in miniature, an abstract or model 
 of the whole, being composed of matter and spirit. It might be that the 
 entire solar system moves in the wake of some of these immense circular 
 waves, as it flies forward in space, — or that the earth follows a smaller model ; 
 but of this we are certain, that the earth with its elements continues to sweep 
 through, amidst, under, and over the vibrations of ether on every side of the 
 planet; that we continue to encounter the forces contained in the ether; 
 that on every side of us Life springs up, — we know that Force is never 
 annihilated, although it does become transformed into Forces, Which Act 
 in a Different Manner from the Original Force, — and that matter acts 
 as an Instrument to transform the one kind of force into the other. In 
 other words, we have the force, and the result of the transformation, under 
 the influence of Matter with which the force comes in contact. 
 
 Now let us see what would be the natural way in which the marvelous 
 change in the nature of the Force could be accomplished. 
 
 If you run out in the rain, when the drops are falling vertically, you 
 fancy that the rain is coming in your face ; and the faster you run, the more 
 obliquely you fancy the drops meet you. If you draw a body through the 
 water, or through the air, you will observe that one side of the body, which 
 is dragged, through the medium receives more pressure than the other- 
 side ; and if the drawn body be porous, that some of the fluid or gas passes 
 right through the body and escapes out from the less compressed side. And 
 if the body which is moved be kept continually revolving as it moves, then 
 the exposed side, and the shaded side, keep continually changing as the bodj^ 
 revolves, yet the same amount of pressure and relaxation would be main- 
 tained the same as long as the same speed is maintained and the same medium 
 is used. 
 
 The speed of the earth is only about l/100dth part of that of Light 
 vibrations (or perhaps "electrons" shot out from the sun), — so that as the 
 earth flies forward its elements meet such vibrations at an acute angle, or 
 one about 3% degrees, if they were at right angles to the orbit of the earth ; 
 or that would be the resultant of the sum of all if the agitation or vibration 
 affected the ether as a mass. 
 
 A very small body drawn through Ether, is affected' exactly in the same 
 way as a larger body drawn through the air, or through a liquid; because 
 
SOURCE OP LIFE 39 
 
 the ether is as much more limpid in proportion to the gas or liquid as the 
 "electron," for instance, is smaller than a football. A Molecule is a 
 Universe when compared to an "electron." A Living cell is a Universe 
 when compared to a " molecule. A man is a Universe when compared to 
 a "cell," — just as truly as The Universe is in comparison with the "solar 
 molecule" (solar system). 
 
 The ether is such a medium that it is Continuous, and its rays become 
 Focussed or else Dispersed as they pass through matter, depending on the 
 shape, size, and nature of the body through which they pass. There are, 
 also, interstices between molecules as well as between cells and fibers, and 
 pressure favors the entrance of substances whose elements are minute enough 
 to enter the interstices. Substances held in solution in liquids which will 
 penetrate any body are carried with the liquid. 
 
 Pressure favors absorbtion, relaxation favors elimination. For example, 
 take a living cell, surrounded by serum, which holds a percentage of material 
 in solution adaptable to the construction of the living cell. Accordingly as 
 the cell surrounded by the nutrient material flies swiftly forward through the 
 forceful vibrations of ether, the serum becomes forced into the cell, and 
 the contents of the cell find escape upon the relaxed side of the cell. So that 
 a stream of the serum continues to enter and to leave the cell; but as the 
 serum and its contents swim through, the Molecules of the cell conflict with 
 the Molecules of the serum, and Metabolic processes are set up between 
 them, in which there is an interchange of certain elements of the former for 
 some of the elements of the latter. The Building Up process is called 
 Anabolic, and the Pulling Down processes are called Katabolic. If the 
 fabric of the cell be expansile, it retains some of the serum and contents, 
 and Growth of the cell results. When the processes of "absorbtion" and 
 "elimination" remain about equal, the cell remains about the same size. 
 If there is "deposit," or failure of elimination takes place, the cell becomes 
 inelastic or stiffer, and, being laden with debris, it is incapable of effecting 
 its normal metabolic interchange of elements — hence its function is altered, 
 and its products indirectly pervert the action of other cells which are all 
 more or less dependent on each other, — an inferior grade of vitality ensues, — 
 old age of the cells sets in, — the "physiological molecules," which contain 
 several hundred "atoms" each, tend to dissolution, or to fall to pieces, and 
 the "pieces" are "chemical molecules" which originally combined to form 
 the "physiological molecules." 
 
 What is true of one cell is true of all, only that the different stages of 
 the life processes are performed with somewhat different elements, in each 
 kind of tissue, and are slower in some than in others. 
 
 You will easily understand that every side of any cell in a plant, for 
 instance, which remains fixed in one position with reference to the earth, is 
 nevertheless exposed to the "pressure" of the ether vibrations, simply because 
 
40 LIFE DUE TO FORCE 
 
 the earth keeps turning as it progresses very rapidly. But in the case of 
 an animal, which can move about in many ways, the cells and tissues are 
 accordingly turned many times in the day, but forever does the " pressure' ' 
 persist upon one side, and the opposite side of the cell is continually ''re- 
 laxed" and capable of eliminating the contents of the cell, whilst the 
 "pressure" side Absorbs some of the serum and its load of nutriment. 
 
 This, I hold, is one valuable source of advantage received from exercise, 
 as the "pressure" side and the relaxed side are more rapidly changed for 
 the time, stimulating the cells to greater activity. 
 
 The great cause for death of a cell (and of the entire being) is due to 
 the fact that it becomes poisoned with its own products, which, after they 
 are formed, require a certain time to escape, and in the meantime pervert and 
 injure the life forces at work in the cell. 
 
 Zeno — Do the different sized vibrations of the ether correspond in magni- 
 tude to the size of the atoms of the different chemical elements ? 
 
 Janus — Every one of the elements is definitely related to every other one 
 progressively up from ' ' hydrogen, ' ' which is the lightest, and for that reason 
 it is taken as the "unit," whose "atomic weight" is One. But the Unit, 
 hydrogen, is not exactly corresponding to our digit One, — in other words, it 
 is a small decimal different. This is because even hydrogen is made up of 
 1800 different "electrons," and as all elements can be reduced to electrons 
 (or corpuscles) it is evident that even if there were only one electron more 
 or less than the number that made up our Unit in weight One, there would 
 accordingly be room for a slight discrepancy in the totals. Therefore if 
 oxygen has 8 times the atomic weight of hydrogen, an atom of oxygen would 
 have exactly 8 times as many "electrons" (these are sometimes called Pri- 
 mordial atoms) — if carbon has an atomic weight oi: 14, the atom of carbon 
 would contain 14 times as many electrons as an atom of hydrogen, and so on 
 for the entire 88 elements which are known ; but if there were 1801 electrons 
 in place of 1800, there would be a very small error in the "unit." 
 
 The sum of the forces acting upon the electrons in an atom of hydrogen 
 would accordingly be the Group of forces acting upon the atom of hydrogen. 
 Multiples of the same would correspond to each of the elements. The sum 
 of the forces acting upon the atoms in a molecule would be the Group of 
 forces acting upon the molecule. The sum of the forces acting upon the 
 molecules in a Cell would be the Group of forces acting upon the cell. 
 
 There are necessarily Groups of vibrations of ether, which are multiples 
 of the single sets of smaller groups ; in fact, they must all be related to each 
 other mathematically, and geometrically, — and you will remember that when 
 you examine the spectrum of light, that there are Fraunhofer lines, showing 
 that there are divisions existing among the groups of rays, and these divi- 
 sions are produced by "interference" of the white carbon rays from the sun, 
 
SOURCE OP LIFE 41 
 
 owing to the presence of certain elements existing in the gases of the envelope 
 of the sun. 
 
 Chemical elements are also arranged into Groups and into Series, — these 
 groups are made because of the increasing atomic weights of the elements 
 and the series are arranged because of the properties of successive groups of 
 elements, — showing that they are all related to each other, and the relation 
 existing amongst the elements depends directly upon the number of Electrons 
 contained In the respective Elements. 
 
 Thus the earth twirling rapidly through the more or less stationary ether, 
 which carries immense quantities of energy or force in its countless billions 
 of vibrations, supplies the Forces necessary to act upon and group all the 
 elements of matter, and cause them to act and interact upon each other, 
 "chemically," and "physiologically," so as to produce the phenomena of 
 life, why should we attribute Life to a "principle" or to a "spirit," or other 
 "influence" about which we know nothing, and at the same time dispense 
 with the self-evident Force which we know exists everywhere? 
 
 Zeno — Then you think that the creatures, derived from the experiments 
 of Professor La Due, and Professor White, and Professor Burke and others, 
 were really alive but badly organized because they grew too quickly, or before 
 the action of the reversed currents of ether, caused by the revolving of the 
 earth, could have time to arrange the molecules properly? 
 
 Janus — Undoubtedly, and if the experimenters would construct an appa- 
 ratus which would revolve, like the earth does, but more rapidly, and thus 
 bring the different sides of the forming beings under the pressure of the 
 etheric forces, there is no doubt in my mind but that in every case there would 
 be what you might call spontaneous production of life; but, of course, the 
 "spontaneity" would constantly depend upon the presence of Matter and 
 the action of the ether Forces. 
 
 The phenomena of life, such as Growth, Absorbtion, Metabolism, Elimi- 
 nation or Excretion, Atrophy, Age, Resiliency, and Death, can all be 
 readily accounted for, and even reproduction of new cells explained by the 
 action of ether vibrations upon the elements of matter, and as the earth con- 
 tinues to revolve and fly, and progress, for all time, subjecting the elements 
 to the same processes, the opinion of Professor Chafer as to the continuous 
 creation will be abundantly verified. 
 
 The Obliqueness of the contact of electrons, free atoms, and molecules, 
 with the ether vibrations, as the earth pulls the elements through it, neces- 
 sarily has a strong tendency to cause the electrons, etc., to revolve rapidly, 
 seeing that the pressure is applied more to one side of the free body than to 
 other sides, — by this means one can appreciate why the electrons, etc., 
 revolve. Planets, moons, satellites, and even suns, continue to revolve as 
 they pursue their individual orbits. 
 
 Molecules of a solid cohere with each other, — those of liquids are nearly 
 
V2 LIFE DUE TO FORCE 
 
 balanced. — but those of gases have escaped from the range of influence of 
 other molecules, and therefore tend to fly apart, under the direct influence 
 of the etheric vibration pressure. 
 
 Life can only be recognized by its phenomena, and Life phenomena 
 undoubtedly exist on much lower forms of life than we have any means of 
 observing, or in any way recognizing. It is only when the living elements 
 have become organized, and capable of growth, multiplication, division, 
 mobility, assimilation, and so on, that we are able to recognize the Living 
 Being. But the transition from Non-Living to Living is graded so gradually 
 that there is no distinct line between these conditions of matter. 
 
 Zeno — Would not the fine ether vibrations not have a tendency to separate 
 the elements, rather than to bring them together? 
 
 Janus — When ether rays pass through any kind of matter they change 
 in their direction, and some are arrested within the matter itself. The shape, 
 size, and kind of substance upon which the rays act, is the index of the position 
 of the focus formed, or the amount of diffraction, and the amount of absorb- 
 tion of the rays. 
 
 Anything which interferes with the concentration and diffraction thus 
 produced, also interferes with the integrity of the substance and the degree 
 and kind of organization which follows the action. If, for instance, debris 
 becomes deposited within a cell, the "foreign elements" also interfere with 
 the action of the cell itself, because the foreign substance "short circuits" the 
 vibrations, and as a result the rhythm of concordant groups of vibrations 
 which act upon the cell as a unit (physiological) is interrupted, and the 
 integrity of the cell is lessened, and it tends to fall to pieces, and the pieces 
 are more stable chemical molecules, or else less highly organized physiological 
 molecules, and Death of the original highly organized living molecules of 
 the cell occurs. These lower or simpler molecules are more stable, and the 
 ultimate chemical elements are generally more stable than any "living" 
 molecule. 
 
 Death is therefore the interruption of the rhythm or concord of the waves 
 of ether. 
 
 Pythagoras said "God works by geometry." The rhythmical concordance 
 existing between the millions of waves of ether, although differing in speed 
 and amplitude from infinity to infinity, form groups and series which also 
 concord with each other, sufficiently varied to accommodate any and all forms 
 of matter; which in turn has the power of focussing and of diffracting the 
 groups and series of rays affecting it. The known existence and nature of 
 Primordial Atoms, — the constant "atomic weights" of elements which are 
 capable of being arranged into groups and series in proportion to their 
 "atomic weights," — the perpetual movements of the earth, subjecting the 
 electrons and elements, as well as molecules, to the force contained in the 
 
SOURCE OF LIFE 43 
 
 ether waves, — all indicate the nature and accuracy of the "instruments" 
 with which God works in His geometrical system. 
 
 There is no other set of "instruments" known, or necessary, to obtain 
 the geometrically accurate, rhythmical, universal, perpetual processes, ob- 
 served in the evolution of matter and life, than is supplied by the forces 
 inherent in the ether vibrations and waves, as they meet the earth and its 
 elements, which constantly revolve and fly through them. 
 
 The process of evolution may be slow or rapid, not because of the absence 
 of the forces which produce life, but from the necessity of "antecedent 
 conditions." There are no skips or breaks in the process of evolution and 
 organization of living structures. One form of living matter can only appear 
 as a consequence of preceding forms of matter. The mode of life is the 
 design of the organization, which, like the roots, trunk, branches, foliage, 
 flower, and fruit, all depend directly upon one another, and are related in 
 structure and function. As plants differ in their form, nature, flower, and 
 fruit, so also do the modes of life in animals: hence the simile, "The tree 
 of life." 
 
 Within a certain latitude each being yields to its environments, and from 
 this "pliability" in the construction springs the evolution. 
 
 Degeneration is just as natural as the reverse, when the environments 
 interfere with the "evolution." 
 
 If we say that Evolution is due to "natural selection," Ave admit that 
 there is some kind of Intelligence which does the selecting; which must 
 exist either in the Matter or in the Force. 
 
 Organization is a slower process than the formation of molecules, because 
 '"cells" are millions of times heavier and more unwieldy than molecules — yet 
 it is attained bv the same "life forces." 
 
CHAPTER 3 
 
 THE INSTRUMENT 
 
 Notes by Zeno — 
 
 "Time is a measure," — "ether is a mathematical instrument/' — "man's 
 body and brain are the instruments of his mind." It appears everything is 
 some kind of an instrument. 
 
 Janus — There is always a relation between "cause and effect," and there 
 is always some kind of an instrument used in the transfer between the cause 
 and the effect. 
 
 Time is a hypothetical measure, used as an artificial convenience or system, 
 to record the succession of events and activities; but, you remember, that 
 the "time line" has really nothing in it, and that Time is a "mental 
 impression. ' ' 
 
 It is different when we begin to calculate the real entities in the "vertical 
 present," or the "big wheel," where, you will remember, we located all 
 forms of matter and every variety of force. In this region we find "results" 
 of forces acting upon different forms of matter; in fact, there is no way to 
 know what a force is or its nature, except by the effects produced on matter. 
 No one knows where "force" originated, but we can learn how to transform 
 one kind of energy into another, and what kind of an instrument is most 
 suitable to accomplish a certain result. 
 
 Force or energy is always transferred by the medium of some form of 
 matter, — hence Ether is some kind of matter, even although it may be a 
 billion times as light as the lightest known gas. It receives impulses and 
 transfers great quantities of force in the form of waves, or vibrations, — and 
 in order to vibrate it is necessary that it has "material" in it which can be 
 vibrated. 
 
 Many persons believe that the mental qualities manifested by man originate 
 in the man. Others believe that there is a great "mind" outside of and 
 apparently quite independent of matter, and from which great Mind all the 
 peculiar and wonderful qualities of our minds originate. This latter very- 
 great class of people are prone to overlook the immediate influence of the 
 "instrument," or "machine" — the body of the individual — which acts upon 
 the forces that come to it or else originate In the body itself, and to overlook 
 the qualities Inherent in the ether itself, or the energies transmitted by it. 
 
 There is not much wonder in this, because our senses very often deceive 
 us as to the real nature of phenomena; in fact, they generally do so, and 
 until we learn the real nature of the effect of the "instrument" upon the 
 forces which act upon it. we are liable to accept the untutored evidence of 
 our senses. 
 
 45 
 
4(> CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATED 
 
 For instance, we think we see with our eyes, but our eyes are only the 
 particular kind of instruments which are qualified to modify the arrange- 
 ment and disposition of certain vibrations of ether, and as the excitation of 
 the ether vibrations is conducted and distributed into certain regions of the 
 brain, the latter "instrument" exposes and assembles them in such a manner 
 that we become conscious of the "colors" of external objects. The word We. 
 used here, refers to individual consciousness. 
 
 The "light" or color is not out in the field, nor in the sun, because "vibra- 
 tions" are not light or color, — and not until the "instruments" have had 
 their effect upon the vibrations is there either light or color. Therefore, at 
 the brain, and In the mind, is the very first place in which there is any 
 "light" at all. 
 
 If there is any defect in any part of the "instruments," there is a corre- 
 sponding defect or even absence of the phenomena of light. 
 
 If no person ever possessed the "instruments" for classifying the vibra- 
 tions, there would be no such a thing as light or color, although there would 
 be exactly the same number and kind of vibrations as there are at present, — 
 yet the "instruments" do not produce the light; their function is to classify 
 and arrange the vibrations for the use of the next ' ' instrument, ' ' which is the 
 brain: but it is the Mind which "sees." 
 
 A similar series of processes occur in collecting, disposing, and distribut- 
 ing vibrations of an entirely different kind which come to the Mind by means 
 of the ear "instrument" with its nervous system to produce "sound." It 
 is the Mind which hears the vibrations of the piano wires or any other sound 
 producing vibrations. It is onty after the waves of the atmosphere have been 
 collected, arranged, and distributed in the brain centers of hearing in such 
 a manner that "consciousness" recognizes "sound." If no one ever pos- 
 sessed the "instruments" there would be no such a thing as Sound. Vibra- 
 tions are not "sound," nor does the ear produce the sound. 
 
 Nor is there any "odor" or any "taste" in anything, — for it is only In 
 the Mind where these sensations occur. 
 
 Similarly, the "feel" of anything takes places In the mind only. When 
 a person has a leg amputated, the patient sometimes fancies he has a pain 
 in the calf, or in the toe, of the amputated limb. This is also a deception of 
 the senses. 
 
 Identically the same thing occurs with reference to the heavenly bodies. 
 We think we see the sun rising in the east, passing across the heavens, and 
 setting in the west; but we do not. When the real cause of the phenomena 
 was discovered, the whole world laughed at the men who published their 
 discoveries. Galileo was severely persecuted, and compelled to publicly deny 
 what he had found out, and to sign a very humiliating apology for his sinful 
 wickedness (?) in making known such impossible and foolish (?) things. 
 Tf he had not done so he would have been killed. 
 
THROUGH AN INSTRUMENT 47 
 
 With such evidence of the deception of our senses before us, is it any 
 wonder that we are also deceived as to the nature of Time ? For it, also, is a 
 mental impression, derived from the motion of the heavenly bodies. 
 
 Zeno — It is strange how the Mind can be deceived and afterwards learn 
 the true nature of things. One would think that the mind should be able to 
 discriminate the truth at once, if it be an intelligence. Nor can I understand 
 how the mind can convert different kinds of vibrations into knowledge. 
 
 Janus — That is a riddle, and has been so for ages. Even the best educated 
 men have been deceived by the evidence presented to their senses ; and if the 
 mind were an entity independent of the body, it could not be deceived so 
 readily and constantly by the information derived from our senses. 
 
 We know that we cannot really create anything, neither matter nor force. 
 We know that one kind of force can be converted into another, and the new 
 force can be reconverted back again into the original one without any loss; 
 but there is always certain means and instruments necessary in the processes. 
 
 The different organs of the body are simply "instruments," and the 
 impulses which they receive are different from the impulses which they 
 yield; but exactly how or why one organ acts in one way and another in a 
 different way may not be known. That which we can do is to recognize 
 that it is done, and what it is that will modify the result of the action, and 
 note the consequences. We may, however, be quite certain that there is just 
 exactly as much energy applied to the organ, in some way, as there is energy 
 derived from that organ. 
 
 The liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, muscles, glands, nerves, and the special 
 senses, have each a special function to perform; we note that each of these 
 organs is constructed differently from the others, and we take it as a matter 
 of course ; but when we come to inquire what the function of the entire being 
 is, and whence arises the Mind with its phases, we meditate in wonder, 
 although we know full well that the organs of the body keep changing con- 
 tinuously in their actions, and that the organs in one are very different from 
 those in another being. Yet we know that the "organs" do not make the 
 mind, although they modify its character. In our dilemma we are liable to 
 accept the conclusions of certain men who are known to be very wise, and 
 from their conclusions and opinions allow our investigations as to its real 
 nature to cease, and thus our whole lives are moulded by the teachings of 
 others who have never demonstrated the truth of their conclusions. 
 
 With due respect for the opinions and beliefs of honest and intelligent 
 men, we are nevertheless perfectly certain that the body and brain constantly 
 form the mediate instrument used by the forces of nature to manifest the 
 qualities which are inherent in the Three different sources of Mind, and 
 that the mental manifestation will vary with any variation of the "instru- 
 ment" and with any modification of any of the three sources of the impulses 
 which assemble to produce the mind. 
 
48 CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATED 
 
 Since the instrument is living, it is constantly subject to variations. 
 These may arise from different states and conditions of any one organ, due 
 to their growth, development, and functioning differing within the limits 
 of health, or from the effects of any disease. But as the brain is the portion 
 of the mechanism where in the Three sets of forces meet and mingle, we 
 should more particularly study it in order to satisfy ourselves regarding the 
 method by which the forces become assembled, and through which the assem 
 bled forces are blended or else separated in such a manner that the qualities 
 faculties, powers, and attributes, inherent in the different sets of forces 
 become manifested as qualities of the mind. This occurs much on the same 
 principle as the different "colors" are manifested upon a spectrum w T hen the 
 rays of sunlight are passed through a prism ; or as the chords of sweet music 
 fill the room, when certain forces applied to the "instrument" vary, and as 
 they are divided and dispersed by the instrument. 
 
 The product derived from the commingling of different forces varies with 
 the size, shape, and relation of the parts as well as the "timbre" of the 
 instrument. In the living being the age, health, degree of development, 
 practice, or cultivation, etc., as well as the frequent change of environments, 
 render a much greater field for variation of the result produced by the forces 
 than is possible in an automaton. 
 
 Zeno — How do you classify the forces into Three groups? 
 
 Janus — (1) Impulses which ascend from the different organs of the body. 
 All of these are conveyed towards the brain by nerves. Since the state and 
 condition of the organs change, so also must the impulses from this source. 
 And since they originate in the organs, we will call them "organic." 
 
 (2). The "Special sense" group. The special senses are five, and these 
 convey impulses to the mind from our "environments." Since both the 
 environments and the development of each of the five systems are very 
 various, and continually varying, so also are the impulses varied. These 
 five sets of nerves for sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch, all convey impulses 
 Into, but never out of, the brain. Other sets of nerves convey mental orders, 
 either conscious or subconscious, out of, or aw T ay from, the brain, as one 
 main center, although there are many subordinate nerve centers. 
 
 (3) The Primordial. These come from, belong to, and originate in the 
 ether which continues to vibrate throughout each and every cell that lives. 
 
 Descartes makes a very nice comparison between certain instruments 
 constructed to respond to the force of water, and the human being under 
 the force of mental impulses. Thus he said: 
 
 "You may have seen in the grottoes and fountains of the city gardens, 
 the force with which the water issues from the reservoirs, as it is sufficient 
 to move machines, and make them play instruments, or even to produce 
 sounds like words, according to the different disposition of the pipes which 
 learl the water. 
 
THROUGH AN INSTRUMENT 49 
 
 "And indeed the nerves of the human machine may be very well com- 
 pared to the pipes of the water works, its muscles and tendons to other 
 engines which seem to move them; its animal spirits to the water which 
 impels them, to which the heart is the fountain, while its cavities are the 
 general office. 
 
 "Moreover, respiration and other actions, as are natural and usual in 
 the body, and which depend on the course of the spirits, are like the move- 
 ments of a clock, or of a mill, which may be kept up by the force of water. 
 
 "The external objects, which, by their mere presence, act upon the organs 
 [)f the senses, and which, by this means, determine the corporeal machine, to 
 move in different ways, according as the parts of the brain are arranged, are 
 like the strangers, who, entering into some of the grottoes of the water works, 
 unconsciously cause the movements which take place in their presence; for 
 they cannot enter without treading upon certain planks, so arranged, that if, 
 for example, they approach a bathing Diana, they cause her to hide among 
 the reeds ; and if they attempt to follow her, they see approaching a Neptune, 
 who threatens them with his trident, or, if they try some other way, they 
 eause some monster, who vomits water in their faces, to dart out; or like 
 contrivances, according to the fancy of the engineers who made them. 
 
 "And, lastly, as the rational soul is lodged in the machine, it will have 
 its principal seat in the brain, and will take the place of the engineer, who 
 ought to be in that part of the works with which all the pipes are connected, 
 when he wishes to increase, or slacken, or in some way alter the movements." 
 
 There are millions of instruments that can sing, whistle, speak, walk, run, 
 jump, and perform many of the movements of the living animal. We are 
 familiar with the wonderful Cinematograph, the moving picture system of 
 instruments, all of which are purely mechanical; yet if one says that the 
 Mixd is produced by "forces" acting upon an instrument or any kind of 
 mechanical contrivance, or even compare mind to force, one is liable to be 
 considered foolish, and as a speculator, although everyone is acquainted with 
 the marvelous power of the phonograph, and the wonderful dissolving 
 kinemacolor vitagraph, capable of reproducing many of the beauties of 
 nature and of art. 
 
 One very <rreat difference between mechanical instruments and the human 
 instrument is that the mechanical are automatons, generally capable of per- 
 forming only one feat, with modifications, changing with the forces applied; 
 whilst the human is capable of performing the functions of several machines 
 combined, and is not only modified by the forces applied, but the "instru- 
 ment" itself keeps continually changing in its actual composition, in such 
 a manner that the general appearance remains the same but the fabrication 
 of the tissues is on the move, — like as a river, which remains as a river, but 
 the water gradually moves along. 
 
 The inimitably delicate mechanism of the human machine, fwith its 
 
Oi) CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATED 
 
 complex system of parts, which we call organs, is nevertheless a certain 
 kind of an instrument, and capable of responding to certain modes of force 
 applied to it, some of which come from the "organs," others from our 
 "environments," whilst it responds to the vibrations of ether, and at the 
 same time impresses the ether with impulses derived from the other two 
 sources. From the combination, modification, amalgamation, and disposition 
 of these three series of forces, it renders the mind with its phases manifest. 
 The qualities of the mind must accordingly depend upon not only the state 
 and condition of the "instrument," but also upon the inherent qualities of 
 the forces which are applied to the instrument. 
 
 Another very great difference between the human and a mechanical 
 instrument, is due to the fact that the brain is so constructed that it can 
 retain impressions which it receives, and these are reproduced sometimes in 
 the Mind afterwards. There is a very great difference between "brain 
 instruments" in this respect, and some are only able to record certain of 
 the impulses which arrive; others are capable to record other varieties of 
 impressions entirely different. From the varieties of "brain," owing to its 
 size, shape, and structure, in addition to the very wonderful capacity it 
 possesses of recording impressions (all of which it receives from the "special 
 sense" group), that we are led to believe that the mind force originates In 
 the brain itself. 
 
 It is due to the seriatim arrangements of these impressions made in the 
 inimitable construction and extremely delicate elements in the cells of the 
 brain that "consciousness" recognizes the slight differences in the currents 
 of ether as they pass through it, that gives us the power to reason and 
 remember, and manifest "intelligence." The structure differs from any 
 mechanical contrivance which the most ingenious inventor could construct, 
 nevertheless the living being remains as truly an "instrument" as any 
 mechanical contrivance. 
 
 The forces which meet in the brain are physical forces, to which the 
 "instrument" will respond, and, because a new appearing force is generated 
 from these forces, does not remove the resultant, Mind, from the list of 
 forces, any more than because electricity becomes dissipated in light, in heat, 
 or some other way, that these latter are removed from the list of physical 
 forces. 
 
 The human machine moves in response to impulses received, either from 
 environments or from those originating in itself, — it may walk, sing, talk, 
 dance, seek to attain certain objects, by moving in different ways, and per- 
 form any of thousands of different feats, yet each action is in response to 
 certain impulses received. And because the impulses received do not cause 
 us to move, is not proof that the forces are not passing on in the mental 
 current, or being accumulated somewhere in the instrument itself. The 
 mind current even continues when we sleep (subconscious). Mind force 
 
THROUGH AN INSTRUMENT 51 
 
 lowing into the universal ocean of force in the universe, and thus disappear- 
 ing, is no more proof that the mind is not a force any more than does the 
 disappearance of water in the ocean prove that it is not water. 
 
 Zeno — It still appears to me that the difference between a living instru- 
 ment and a mechanical one is due to the physiological forces at work in the 
 different organs In the body, — for a corpse, immediately dead, is subject 
 to the same external forces as those which act upon the living, and all the 
 machinery is present in the corpse. 
 
 Janus — Oh, no; a very important part, of it is absent, for the impulses 
 ir forces which in life arise from the functioning of the ' ' organs ' ' are absent 
 m the corpse, — metabolism has ceased, nourishment is not taken up, nor do 
 :he eliminating and excreting organs act to remove debris. The instrument 
 s broken and useless. 
 
 Again, the " special sense" organs belong to the organic system, being 
 'organs 7 ' and being dead, they cannot convey impulses of light, sound, or 
 my other. 
 
 It is the same with the brain itself. In other words, life force has ceased 
 :o maintain the physiological in concord with the chemical, — or the rhythm 
 vhich exists between the chemical and physiological groups of etheric waves 
 luring life, ceases at death. Discordance existing in the cells must be accom- 
 panied by discordance of all vibrations which pass through the entire system. 
 
 Upon examining the living physical body or instrument, we will discover 
 :hat certain of its parts are directly responsible for some of the qualities of 
 he mind, — and because the "special senses" have special functions to per- 
 ioral, independent of actual physiological functions which are required to 
 naintain life, and from the very great importance which they have with 
 reference to the Mind, bringing it into relation with the outside world, we 
 ire compelled to separate the qualities of the mind which are due to the 
 iction of these special senses, into a separate class, for from this source there 
 ire derived certain special mental qualities, very different from those derived 
 Tom the other organs, and for this reason they are in a class distinct. 
 
 The mind depends upon, but is not due to, the different sets of organs of 
 vhich the "instrument" is composed. It is very desirable to review the 
 •elation which the different organs bear to the entire mechanism. 
 
 Zeno — That should be interesting, but if the variation existing among 
 he parts of the instrument varies the qualities of the mind, or if the altered 
 state or condition of any organ changes the mind, how are we to tell whether 
 >r not the mind originates In the body and brain or not ? 
 
 Janus — If the living instrument could retain the same unchanged and 
 mchangeable Molecular state, like the molecules of a Prism do, yet still 
 )e able to admit and assemble the impulses towards the brain as it does in 
 he normal state, — then the mind would only consist of One thought, and 
 hat thought would remain as stationary as the spectrum of light. Such is 
 
)'i CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATED 
 
 not the case, however, for, momentarily, the molecular fabrication of the 
 tissues of which the "instrument" is made, keeps changing, and the different 
 kinds of forces which act upon it keep changing constantly also, in their 
 amount, kind, and proportion, from each of the Three different sources, — : 
 these forces come from (1) the organs, (2) from the environments, (3) from 
 the Primordial. 
 
 A musician keeps changing the forces as he manipulates the keys, to 
 produce the varied sounds, yet the instrument remains the same. 
 
 We might keep changing the amount and qualities of the rays which pass 
 through a crystal prism, and we would find that the "spectrum" would 
 keep changing accordingly. Still in both cases the "instrument" would 
 remain identically the same. 
 
 But, when the "instrument" is living, the instrument keeps changing, as 
 well as the forces, and from the fact that we ourselves are the instruments, 
 and Live Within the Instrument, or picture machine, accordingly the 
 picture perceived by consciousness is a continual "moving picture," and 
 the scenes presented to consciousness is what we call Mind. 
 
 "Scenes" referred to here include not only those presented to "vision," 
 but to the other senses also. But we must remember that w 7 e do not See Out 
 from us with the eye, but only with the Mind, because the "special senses" 
 only bring In impulses to the Mind. It is therefore only the "spectrum" or 
 Mjnd which Goes Out, and in this mind current the thoughts and ideas are 
 formed. 
 
 There is plenty of room within a single brain cell to record the history 
 of a lifetime. Consider the extreme delicacy of its structure. A brain cell 
 is a jelly-like substance only about 1/125 to 1/500 of an inch, delicately 
 branched with long fibrils. It is generally nucleated, and possesses a delicate 
 membrane enclosing the more fluid contents, through which we sometimes 
 observe very fine trabecule, and perhaps a nucleolus within the nucleus. All 
 of the cell is composed of albuminous substance (protoplasm), which has at 
 least 4 chemical elements. The smallest portion of a cell has in it millions 
 of molecules, and each molecule several hundred atoms, — and each atom has 
 thousands of "electrons." These electrons and atoms are in a state of very- 
 rapid motion within the boundaries of their prison, the molecule, yet all of 
 these inconceivably delicate things retain their relative and respective posi- 
 tions with reference to each other, and each one is agitated by and commu- 
 nicates impressions upon the utterly inconceivably minute waves of ether, 
 and at the same time undergoes substitution changes, in that fresh elements 
 are taken into the molecules, and those which for the moment form some of 
 the constituents, pass out of the molecules and cells, and are cast off or 
 become "eliminated" from the cells, the organs, and the body; and the 
 elements which are taken in, and cast off, differ in each kind of cells through- 
 out the body. Is it any wonder that the ingenuity of man fails to construct 
 
THROUGH AN INSTRUMENT 53 
 
 such an instrument? Nevertheless, that is the kind of an instrument 
 required to manifest Mind. 
 
 Throughout the organs of the body there are systems of nerves, which 
 assist in regulating nutrition, and convey impulses from the working cells to 
 the nerve centers, and carry other impulses from the nerve centers back 
 again to the cells. Those nerves which convey impulses up to the centers 
 are called "afferent" — those which carry currents from the centers to the 
 cells are called " efferent/' Their function is different, their processes are 
 ■'subconscious." Hence it is the subconscious part of the mind which carries 
 on the processes of nutrition. The process continues during sleep even better 
 than during the waking periods, and they occur as well in lower animals as 
 in those with highly developed brains. 
 
 The blood carries the same materials to all cells, but the latter have power 
 of selecting the elements required by their individual nature. The quality 
 of the blood differs much, — it may be rich or poor in red or white corpuscles, — 
 it may be watery or thick, — rich in fibrine or non-coagulable, — flow fast or 
 slow. — have great tension in the vessels, or the vessels may be very com- 
 pressible. — it is venous or purple color in the veins, livid or scarlet in the 
 arteries. — loaded with debris or quite free, — it maj r carry poisons, toxins, 
 diseases, or be free from them, — absorb the fluids and gases from the inside 
 or from the outside of the body, — or it may be free from deleterious sub- 
 stances such as alcohol, narcotics, stimulants, depressants, and alterative 
 medicines whilst all the time it pulsates through the arteries at the rate of 
 6 or 7 miles per hour. 
 
 Since the blood comes in contact with the tissues and cells, and by its 
 substance feeds them, or supplies them with food by which they carry on 
 tlie metabolism in their interior, it is evident that "impulses" coming to the 
 nerve centers, will be modified greatly by the different states of the blood. 
 
 The organs themselves differ much in size, development, age, activity, etc. 
 All impulses from the varying state of the organs and of the blood are 
 "'organic." and affect the character of the Mind. 
 
 The "special sense" nerves, for hearing, sight, smell, taste, and "feeling," 
 are distributed to the "superficies" of the body, and by their outer brush- 
 like terminal fibrils collect impressions from our "environments." 
 
 These impressions are transmitted to many different centers in the brain, 
 and thus they convey to the sensorium, knowledge of the outside world. 
 
 The optic nerve is spread out in the retina, which forms the inner coat 
 of the rye. and with the assistance of the transparent humors of the eyeball, 
 gathers up, conveys, and distributes the vibrations received by way of the 
 optic nerve to the brain, which so affects the impulses received that the mind 
 becomes conscious of color, shape, size, and many qualities belonging to the 
 object seen by the Mind. 
 
 The auditory nerve is spread out into a very numerous brush-like series 
 
54 CAUSE AND EFFECT REIiATED 
 
 of fibrils, and distributed within the cochlea and semi-circular canals. These 
 also collect different sized vibrations which come from the outside world. 
 Impulses thus received are conveyed by the auditory nerve to be distributed 
 into different "hearing" centers in the brain. From this source the Mind 
 gathers information called "sound." 
 
 The olfactory and the gustatory nerves are also spread out upon the nose 
 and tongue respectively, and gather up and convey impressions from the 
 outside world. 
 
 Nerves of "feeling" are extensively distributed to all parts of the skin, 
 and mucous orifices principally, and bring the mind information concerning 
 the "feel" of things, — heat, cold, smoothness or irregularity, weight, softness, 
 hardness, etc. 
 
 The organs of the body are mostly all double, one on each side, but by 
 means of the nerve fibres crossing to opposite sides the entire body is really 
 One instrument. 
 
 The special sense nerves, particularly, are connected with ganglia which 
 may be found mostly near the base of the brain — five on each side. And 
 they are said to originate in "roots," which can be traced to the ganglia 
 and to the floor of the fourth, ventricle, which is above the medulla, and 
 under the upper brain. By regarding these inner ends of the nerves as 
 * ' roots ' ' one is liable to be led astray with reference to the direction in which 
 the impulses travel, for it is well known that the outer brush-like terminals 
 of the nerves is that which first receives the impulses, and therefrom are 
 conveyed to the ' ' roots. ' ' These nerves never convey impulses in the opposite 
 direction. Nevertheless all nerves are said to act "reflexly, " and the out- 
 going impulse does not travel in the same nerve which brought in the corre- 
 sponding sensation. There is a great difference in the latitude of response 
 which can be made by different nerve centers. Those of the brain have much 
 greater latitude than any others. The peculiarity of the "living machine" 
 is that it does not respond to impulses like an automaton, — for even the 
 subconscious mind can send back one kind of a "reflex" at one time, and 
 another at a different time, to the same stimulus. An automaton always 
 sends back the same kind of response to the same kind of stimulus, or force 
 applied. 
 
 The "reflex" power can be educated by frequent repetitions of the same 
 stimulus, so that the response is made directly, and of a certain kind, to a 
 particular stimulus. The musician by practice can manipulate the keys 
 without "thinking," so it is with mostly all artistic performances. This is 
 because the nerve center develops, so that it can send the response which is 
 suitable, without having to call for the direction of the "attention." 
 
 The medulla is shaped something like a wedge, being narrow below, where 
 it is continuous with the spinal cord, and wide above and greatly expanded 
 where it spreads out into the upper parts of the brain. 
 
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THROUGH AN INSTRUMENT 57 
 
 By its shape, and the arrangement of its fibers, it serves to diffract, or 
 separate, the millions of vibrations which come to and go upwards to the 
 cerebrum and cerebellum. 
 
 By widely separating the ascending impulses (rays) it performs the same 
 kind of effect on them as a prism does upon the rays of light which pass 
 through it. You note that the shape of the medulla is something like that 
 of a prism. 
 
 The large upper portions of the brain are different, for they are, taken 
 together, something like the shape of a large lens. (See diagram No. 6.) 
 Its billions of cells of grey matter are arranged similarly on both sides. 
 Accordingly, two cells, one on each side of the brain, are alike in shape, struc- 
 ture, attachments, number of prolongations, and relations to its neighbors — 
 hence they perform the same function. 
 
 Owing to the lens-like shape of the entire upper brain, and vibrations of 
 ether which pass through it. must have a tendency to "focalize." 
 
 By its action upon ether vibrations passing it, tending to focalize them, 
 the brain acts as a compound lens, being made of many parts which act in, 
 concord with each other. 
 
 With the "living lens" the focal center can shift rapidly; herein there 
 is a great advantage gained over a non-living one, in which the molecules 
 are coherent, and accordingly always transmit the rays passing it in the same 
 manner. It is not necessary that the "focus" be a point, in the living 
 ''mind" spectrum; it may be a variously sized figure, and the figure possess 
 all the characters of "relief." This shifting and enveloping character of the 
 "focus" is evidently due to the partially independent action of the separate 
 cells, or rather pairs of cells — one on each side of the brain — hence the image 
 or the ""object" of thought becomes surrounded, as it were, with myriads of 
 '"thought foci." 
 
 Zeno — then you think that the impulses first come into the brain and 
 become spread out by the medulla to the different centers, and as the ether 
 vibrations pass through the upper brain they become focused as you describe? 
 But how can impulses which travel only in nerves, proceed any farther than 
 the brain centers ? One would think that they, like electrical currents, could 
 only travel as far as the "wires" extend. 
 
 Janus — It is true they could not travel without some medium to travel in. 
 but you must remember that there is the Third source for mental impulses — 
 the Primordial — which not only supplies certain impulses, but supplies a 
 medium in which they can travel, namely, the ether, with its vibrations. 
 
 The ether is always and everywhere present, and it becomes impressed 
 with such impulses as come to the brain by way of the nerves, and it thus 
 becomes the basis of mind currents. 
 
 The ether is so sensitive that it becomes impressed by the motion of even 
 an atom of hydrogen in the atmosphere of a star billions of miles away, and 
 
58 CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATED 
 
 the impression thus produced on it is conveyed by it all the way to the earth 
 and can be recognized upon the light spectrum as a Fraunhofer line. "Why 
 should the same ether not become impressed by an atom of hydrogen or even 
 an electron, moving rapidly within the compass of a molecule in a brain cell? 
 
 Ether vibrations are outside of the brain, and also in it, and its sensitive 
 qualities are as great one place as another. The infinite, vibrating, limpid 
 ocean of ether, whose delicate undulations pass through the ' * instrument ' y 
 of the mind, reveals, by means of the living machine, not only its own 
 qualities, but also the qualities impressed upon it at the Mind center — the 
 brain — which it receives by way of the nerves, both from the "organs" of 
 the body, and the "environments" — which latter are impressed upon it by 
 way of the "special senses." 
 
 The nerves and brain merely classifies the vibrations and by its shape and 
 the molecular mobility of its ultimate structure, combines and "focuses" 
 them into myriads of continuously changing series. Thus the brain is a 
 "moving picture" machine, and its spectra a.ppear to consciousness as 
 ' ' thoughts, ' ? and these tend to mould one 's features, — hence we often see ' ' the 
 mind" reflected in the face and features. 
 
 It is not necessary that the "mind foci" extend far away to enable us to 
 picture any object, or scene, even if the object of thought is far away, 
 because the impressions which we have received concerning anything, are 
 located in the brain, — hence it is just as easy for one to think of the north 
 star, for instance, as it is to think of an electric light close at hand. 
 
 The human brain "instrument" can only manifest the qualities inherent 
 in the forces which act upon it, because Matter cannot generate qualities. 
 Matter has properties which appeal to our senses. Matter receives and 
 modifies forces, but energies which act upon matter are entirely different 
 from the matter itself. Even the properties which are possessed by matter 
 are due to certain forces which act upon, or in it. 
 
 The weight of anything is due to the "forces" of gravitation. The chem- 
 ical forces which molecules possess, by which they manifest the particular 
 properties or qualities of anything, are forces still. Even the properties of 
 ether enabling it to convey energy and "light," does not identify ether with 
 the "force" which moves it. 
 
 Our senses bring into consciousness the properties and qualities of matter, 
 but it is the mind which is informed by the senses, and it is the mind only 
 which appreciates the qualities of "forces." Therefore the qualities, ener- 
 gies and attributes of the mind are derived from the forces, and are therefore 
 inherent in them, admitting the fact that the "machine" modifies the forces 
 which act upon it. 
 
 It is certain that the Three kinds of energies which assemble at the brain, 
 disappear as such, but where are they gone? They cannot be annihilated; 
 we must account for them. We cannot observe the transformation taking 
 
THROUGH AN INSTRUMENT 59 
 
 place, but we kuow that the mind can be traced to the brain as a center 
 where the forces disappeared, — The only natural conclusion that we can come 
 to is that the physical energies assembling at the brain have been combined 
 in some manner to produce the Mind (objective mind). Therefore, also 
 the qualities of the mind are traceable to the forces which produce the mind. 
 
 Brains differ in shape, size, development, and the cells differ in the 
 number and kind of impulses they have received, by way of education or 
 otherwise, nevertheless the forces of the mind do not originate In The 
 Brain. 
 
 When one goes to sleep, it is the "special senses" which sleep, still the 
 mind current goes on (unconscious mind). 
 
 The liver becomes inactive and melancholy ensues, the mind is perverted 
 but it is there all the while. Even in insane persons the mind is present 
 and only altered because there is something wrong with the "instrument." 
 
 We should try to find out which of the mental qualities originate in each 
 of the three sets of forces, because by ascertaining this it would be an easy 
 task to study the mind, and if we could recognize whence arises the qualities 
 of the mind, we would be in a much better position to remove the cause of 
 any mental deviation occurring, and also know better how to improve the 
 standard of the mind. 
 
 The brain is the Loom which weaves together the three sets of forces of 
 which the primordial is the Warp, whilst the "organic" and the "special 
 sense" impulses constitute the Woof of the fabric Mind. The Three sets 
 of forces form the "legs" or "feet" of the Tripod and the brain is the "seat" 
 of the mind. 
 
CHAPTER 4. 
 
 THE INVISIBLE HEADLIGHT. 
 THE BRAIN TENT. 
 
 Notes by Zeno — 
 
 Zeno — Notwithstanding all you said about the "instrument" of the mind, 
 there must be some definite relation between the mind itself and the hypo- 
 thetical "time measure," for the mind is made of "forces" and all forces 
 remain in the ' ' vertical present. ' ' It is difficult to understand how the mind 
 can remain in the "present," since one can think of the future and the past 
 as easily as of the present. 
 
 Janus — You can direct thought in any direction in space, and every 
 direction is present: if you think "of" the future, you do so In the present, 
 in just the same wa} r as you think of anything in space. You think of the 
 past in the same way. 
 
 The records or impressions made in the delicate structure of the brain 
 occurred one after another, always in the present, and all that yet remain 
 are also strictly in the present. Infinitely delicate ether currents pass through 
 these records and are affected by them. To look back over them is the 
 "past." to project them forward in the opposite direction is the "future." 
 
 The brain allows some rays to pass clear through it, others cannot pass, 
 owing to their being absorbed or focused within it. There is a great difference 
 in the penetrating power of different rays, and much difference also in 
 different substances. X-rays will pass through a book, light rays do not — 
 X-rays do not pass through leaded glass, but light rays pass readily. Red 
 rays pass through a fog, violet rays become bent and fail to penetrate 
 very far. 
 
 There are billions of ether vibrations much finer than X-rays, and there 
 are others with much greater penetrating power than those of light and heat. 
 
 When vibrations pass through substances they invariably change more or 
 less in their direction, and bend towards the thicker portion of the body 
 through which they pass. For this reason they tend to focus when they 
 pass through a lens, and they diverge if they pass through an instrument 
 which is thicker at the margin than in the center. 
 
 The human brain is oval, longer from behind forward than from side to 
 side. The front of the brain is narrower than the posterior part. Rays from 
 any direction passing through it will accordingly tend to focus in front. 
 Unless there is some other influence operating, we naturally "think" of 
 things as if they were in front of us. 
 
 61 
 
62 MIND FOCI — "subjective" and 
 
 Single celled creatures, like the amoeba, change their shape more or less, 
 and their bodies are translucent, indicating that even some of the rays of 
 light are absorbed within them, and that other rays of light pass through 
 and focus outside, or, if we choose, in front of them. Accordingly as the 
 amoeba changes its outline, so the position and qualities of the "focus" 
 change also. If the creature projects a small horn, the focus will be further 
 away than if the body is oval or rounded. If its form is concavo-convex, 
 the focus on one side will be much further away than on the other, and 
 opposite the concave side there will be a kind of ring shaped beam of rays, 
 which by the deepening of the concavity will form a sort of miniature caribdis. 
 into which the prey is engulfed, and sinks into the -hungry maw of the 
 devouring amoeba. 
 
 A drop of swamp water magnified about 10,000,000 times by the photo- 
 graph and moving picture process exhibits thousands of creatures, thousands 
 of times smaller than an amoeba, swimming, diving, cavorting and chasing 
 each other in the abyss of the ocean, made of a single drop of water. When 
 one of these creatures is pursued by another it changes its course quite 
 suddenly, and just as promptly the pursuer changes its course, much in the 
 same manner that a hound pursues a hare. These creatures are governed by 
 what is called Instinct, and it is evident that they are governed by intelli- 
 gence of some kind, else how could they recognize the danger and the prey ? 
 
 The rays of ether operate in the same manner whether a large instrument 
 is used or a small one. There are vibrations infinitely smaller than these 
 creatures, as much smaller than they as light rays are smaller than the 
 amoeba. 
 
 The different organs in the body are adapted to their respective functions, 
 and they become organized for the purpose of increasing their power and 
 efficiency in executing their function. 
 
 The eye is composed of many millions of cells, and each particular part 
 of the "organ" is placed in the best position it could be to carry on its 
 work. The cornea and the three humors are transparent, the nine layers of 
 the retina are arranged systematically and still further modify the rays 
 which have been focused so that they fall upon the "rods and cones," more 
 especially upon the "yellow spot of Somering." From the retina the 
 impulses pass along the optic nerve and are widely distributed into different 
 regions of the brain, and being thus separated, become recognized by the 
 mind as different "colors." Colors are Mental Impressions. 
 
 In exactly the same manner All the "special senses" collect and distribute 
 impulses which are derived from different kinds or modes of vibrations or 
 rays, so that the brain is the place where all of them are widely distributed 
 apart, not only to the ten large ganglia near the base, but, especially those 
 of feeling, to the upper and anterior and lateral surfaces of the brain. 
 
 The spinal cord and medulla convey and distribute a continuous stream 
 
INVISIBLE HEADLIGHT 63 
 
 of impulses to the brain also, so that it is literally filled with many millions 
 of incoming impulses all the time. 
 
 During all this collecting and distributing process the ether currents 
 keep passing through the brain, and these currents of vibrations are neces- 
 sarily modified by the collected streams referred to a moment ago, and 
 owing to the general shape of the brain the through-going vibrations tend 
 to focus in front of the head generally. Independently of the general focus, 
 each cell of the brain produces some influence upon the general focus, or 
 rather each pair of cells, one on each side of the brain, being of the same 
 form and structure, tend to produce an independent focus of their own. 
 
 Zeno — I would gather from your description that the instinct of minute 
 creatures like the amoeba corresponds to the mind in man, the great difference 
 being the greater assembly of impulses and greater efficiency of the senses in 
 collecting the vibrations; but I fail to understand the relation of Mind to 
 Time, for even if the vibrations of one kind are collected and another kind 
 pass through and focus, and they focus In the present, one would think 
 that the concentrated rays would project to one or the other side of the 
 "'big wheel/' 
 
 Janus — No matter what one thinks "of," no matter what object attracts 
 our attention, whether it be the "past" or the "future," or even any abstruse 
 subject, the Mind Focus remains In the present, because it is present 
 in every direction. You must remember that "the time measure" is purely 
 hypothetical, and that Time is merely a "mental impression," and that it 
 runs at right angles to the "big wheel," and since the mind records events 
 seriatum, according to what we regard as "times," therefore the Pole of 
 the Mind is along the line of time, or in our Time Measure. And since we 
 know that the aim of our minds is to attain Happiness, therefore Happiness 
 corresponds to the "pole star," and "success" corresponds to the "north 
 electric pole." 
 
 The "north star" (Polaris) is the point in Space to which all bodies of 
 matter point, and the "electric pole" of the earth is the direction of the 
 magnetic needle (representing matter) ; or the electric pole is said to 
 •'attract" the needle. The north star and the north electric pole face each 
 other in all positions of the earth and other bodies floating in space, in the 
 same way that "happiness" and "success" are always in the same line with 
 reference to timi . 
 
 So far as "forces" are concerned, of which the mind is the resultant, 
 the "forces" remain in the "big wheel" with the billions of bodies of 
 matter from which they are inseparable. The element Time is absent with 
 Matter and Force. So far as matter and energy are concerned there is no 
 "past" or "future," because it is always "present." Matter deals with 
 "space": Mind deals with "times." Success and happiness lie in the future. 
 Success does not bring complete happiness, and since it lias been discovered 
 
64 MIND FOCI "SUBJECTIVE" AND "OBJECTIVE" 
 
 that complete happiness cannot be attained during life, we become persuaded 
 that it will be finally achieved in Valhalla, Nirvana, The Happy Hunting 
 Ground, Heaven, Paradise, etc., wherein w T ill be found those conditions 
 which are believed will afford complete and unbounded joy or perfect hap- 
 piness. 
 
 Force or Energy are like the other side (subjective side) of Matter, 
 and represent "Substance" (from "sub," meaning "under," and "stare," 
 to "stand" — that which "stands under matter" — substance). 
 
 Mind deals with times, and holds a similar position with regard to 
 •"Time." 
 
 The "objective" of Mind is "happiness," the kk subjective" is "energy." 
 The latter remains In the present, but the former is always in the ' ' future, ' ' 
 and that is the reason why it cannot be attained, because we cannot enter 
 into the future. 
 
 The relation of Mind to energy can be very well represented by means of 
 a diagram (see Diagram No. 7), wherein the mounted needle, free to turn in 
 any direction, represents the current of thought; the pivot is the individual; 
 the right hand side represents the future, the left hand side the past, and the 
 vertical line is the "present." 
 
 Upon the margin of the diagram notice the words written; to the right 
 you see money, affluence, praise, vanity, baser passions, etc.; these are sam- 
 ples of the "attractions" which usually inspire the mind and mould the 
 thought daily, as evolution progresses. Success in the attainment invariably 
 lies in the future, because it is believed that a certain amount of happiness 
 will be enjoyed by possession or in indulgence. 
 
 It w T ould be much better if the diagram could exhibit a large hollow 
 globe, with the needle suspended in the center, so that it would turn in 
 any conceivable direction, like the mind can, and be directed to any point 
 in the universe, from its central "pivot" in the brain; but this cannot be 
 done so easily as to make the exhibit as a flat surface. 
 
 To the left side of the diagram read the words experience, memories, 
 education, reason, health, development, heredity, etc. The character and 
 qualities of the mind are greatly modified and its power sometimes greatly 
 increased by these elements, because they may produce a better "instru- 
 ment." 
 
 The vertical line in the diagram is a section of the "big wheel" which 
 contains everything there is in the "vertical present," life, force, matter, and 
 the subjective end of "thought." 
 
 "Attention" is the most mobile element in the composition of the Mind, 
 and it keeps shifting incessantly, even when one believes the mind is concen- 
 trated upon one "object" (subject ordinarily considered). 
 
 Construct, or imagine, we had an immense tent in which millions of 
 minute magnets are suspended, free to turn in any direction. Every one 
 
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INVISIBLE HEADLIGHT 67 
 
 of them will point to the north pole, until some more potent influenee draws 
 them away. In the immense tent filled with minute magnetic needles, place 
 a magnet; each of the miniature needles instantly points to it. Demagnetize 
 the magnet, the needles again turn to the north. 
 
 When the brain first appeared in the ovule, it was but a microscopic 
 bladder projecting from one side of the ovum. Had the brain continued 
 to grow in sucli a fonn so that the cells were spread in single file, it would 
 have been as large as a great tent, and filled with serum, in the center of 
 which would be the stem from which it sprung. 
 
 Each of the cells in this immense tent is a magnet, composed of countless 
 millions of atoms and electrons, and these inconceivably delicate bodies mil- 
 lions of times smaller than the mind of man is capable of conceiving, are 
 in a state of rapid motion, and their arrangement, or their relation to each 
 other, is altered by certain impulses which come to them in the vibrations 
 of ether in which they swiftly revolve. 
 
 As the great general current of ether sweeps through the "great tent," 
 each of the cells (magnets) has some effect in ''focusing" the rays, and 
 as the pair of cells on opposite sides correspond with each other, it is evident 
 that there will exist a "cone of rays" whose base is the distance between 
 the pairs of cells on opposite sides of the brain, and the "apex" is the 
 "object" which "' attracts" the current. 
 
 Place something in the interior of the "brain-tent" which will "attract" 
 the current in the cells. Instantly the current (in the great general tent) 
 is interrupted, and turns to the new ' ' attraction. ' ' 
 
 The vibrations which enter the brain by way of the "special senses," 
 and are distributed into widely different parts of the brain, bring in and 
 constitute the "new attraction." The "new attraction" vibrations first 
 arrive at two certain brain-cells, one on each side of the brain, which, being 
 in unison, agitate the "serum" of our brain tent synchroneously, and at the 
 same time the vibrations which belong to the "general etheric current," 
 become impressed with those coming from the two opposite sides, and alter- 
 nately interrupt and then chord with them very rapidly, and as they them- 
 selves continue to ' ' focus ' ' to the conscious center. The result thus produced 
 is "consciousness," and, since the millions of cells on opposite sides continue 
 to do the same thing with slight variations, the result is that a stream of 
 modified vibrations emerge from the great "brain lens" as from a center, 
 and thus produce "thought." 
 
 You have no doubt often visited the new moving picture shows where 
 they exhibit scenes without curtains, plainly visible in mid-air, at one end of 
 a darkened room. This marvelous feat is accomplished by causing reflected 
 vibrations of light from two sides to meet and cross each other in the air. 
 These vibrations of light come from two mirrors whose reflected rays cross 
 each other from nearly, but not quite, the same distance. Hence two pictures 
 
08. MIND FOCI — ' 'SUB J ECTIVE ' ' AND ' ' OBJECTIVE ' ' 
 
 blend as one, because the eye cannot perceive with either set of vibrations 
 quick enough to distinguish that there are two instead of one set of reflected 
 rays. 
 
 There are always Two sides, or halves, to the brain, and there is a slight 
 difference in time between the arrival of vibrations from opposite sides, 
 hence practically the same thing occurs In The Brain as is produced with 
 the crossed vibrations of light in mid-air, as seen in the vitograph without a 
 curtain. 
 
 Streams of rays entering the "brain tent" from different regions would 
 necessarily agitate the "serum" in the tent, and there would be some 
 point near the center of the "tent" where the "vibration focus" must exist. 
 This latter corresponds to the "conscious center." 
 
 Nature arranged the parts of the brain as it evolved, so that impulses 
 from opposite sides could meet and mingle together, far more effectively than 
 one could imagine would result from a ' ' brain-tent, ' ' such as we referred to ; 
 but, by means of the "tent" one can gather some idea of the way that inter- 
 ruption and concord of vibrations is produced. 
 
 Zeno — Then there must be some single organ in the brain, near its center, 
 where the "focus" of mind rays exists. Do you think that the Pineal gland 
 which projects into the fourth ventricle and is bathed in the brain serum is 
 the "focal center"? It is near the center of the brain, and is single. 
 
 Janus — It is quite possible that the Pineal gland has some office to perform 
 with reference to centralizing the rays or vibrations from the opposite sides, 
 but the long fine fibrils, branching out from the cells, as well as the serum 
 which fills the ventricles, chambers or hollow spaces between the different 
 regions of the brain, no doubt form a very important factor in conveying 
 and focalizing the vibrations from opposite and similar cells. At any rate 
 the "scene" is produced, and it is only "consciousness" when the special 
 senses are sufficiently operative as enables them to so excite the "brain-tent" 
 focus as to produce a "brain center crossing" of vibrations. This is evi- 
 dently what produces consciousness; and since former experiences have 
 made their impressions, or slight changes in the brain cells, these inconceiv- 
 ably minute alterations in the arrangements of the electrons of the cells, 
 correspondingly modify the delicate vibrations coming from the cells to the 
 conscious center. Hence the thought originating in an experienced brain is 
 different from the thought coming from the inexperienced brain. 
 
 Zeno — When one is asleep, then, the "inner focus" does not form, and 
 the mind current sweeps along to the outside focus without receiving the 
 benefit of the stores of information which have been accumulated in the brain 
 cells? Is that what they call "subconscious mind"? And would not the 
 subconscious current be modified by the records which have been stored in 
 the cells? 
 
 Janus — Yes, that is how subconscious mind is formed, and the dream or 
 
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INVISIBLE HEADLIGHT 73 
 
 the vision perceived by one individual differs from that of another, partly 
 because the ''information" stored in the cells of the two brains are different. 
 
 Thus we see that subconscious mind and instinct are each formed 
 in the same way and of the same thing; but the subconscious mind varies 
 greatly in the individual case, because of the great difference between brains. 
 The brain of man evolves, but the physical progeny of insects and inferior 
 animals is remarkably similar to the ancestors thereof; accordingly the mental 
 manifestation, or the instinct, remains the same in each species for all time. 
 "Where there is no alteration of structure there is no alteration of function" 
 (Spencer). Like a great and rapidly varying invisible headlight this sheet 
 of dissolving foci projects beyond the brain and being continuously. It is 
 not at all necessary that it project very far, because all the records of 
 information and knowledge which we have are stored In the cells of the 
 brain, and these were all derived from the "special senses." If, therefore, 
 we have knowledge of any distant thing, that knowledge is impressed there 
 with our conception of distance, and it is so reproduced. 
 
 When one is blindfolded, brought into a new place, turned around a 
 time or two, one cannot tell in which direction his home is, although he 
 knows full well the definite relation of everything in it. This shows that it 
 is the impression received w r hen learning concerning the location with ref- 
 erence to other things which is remembered. It is the same with all 
 knowledge. 
 
 It is this cone of dissolving invisible light that corresponds to the needle 
 in the Diagram No. 7 and very rapidly changes its direction from the past 
 to the future with reference to Time, revolving about its center, the brain. 
 It becomes conscious w T hen the secondary focus forms within the brain, and 
 in this way becomes impressed with the knowledge of past experiences as 
 they are arranged seriatum with reference to one another, within the elec- 
 tronic fabrication of the atomic and molecular elements of the elastic and 
 compressible brain cells. 
 
 Consider all electric needles in the world, focusing at the "pole," and 
 all the poles of the billions of bodies floating in space pointing to the North 
 star, and Space is what allows directivity. Temporary deviation from the 
 line is produced by any influence which will overpower or exert a greater 
 "attraction" than the polar influence exerts. 
 
 Now we know that the direction of the "pole" is at right angles to the 
 real force exerted on the magnetic body. For instance, mount a soft iron 
 needle within a cylinder around which a fine wire is wound. When the 
 current is passed around the cylinder, the needle instantly assumes a position 
 at right angles to the current. It is the same with the earth. The sun 
 winds his force about the equator mostly and the earth moves at right 
 angles to the current. The north and south poles, being the ends of the axis. 
 are at right angles to the equator. 
 
74 MIND FOCI — ''SUBJECTIVE" AND ''OBJECTIVE" 
 
 The pole " success" and "happiness" constantly remain In the line of 
 Time, and the "object" of the Mind lies along the line "time" also. 
 
 Zeno — When a person seeks revenge for a past injury do you think that 
 in such a case that happiness is the "pole" also? 
 
 Janus — "Revenge is sweet," it is said, and when one seeks it they fully 
 expect to receive or gain "satisfaction," which is happiness, joy, pleasure 
 and the attainment of these things lies In The Future. And even when one 
 gives away valuable services, money, or does another person a favor, it is 
 because the anticipated joy to be derived from the giving and assisting of 
 others is greater than the sordid happiness of withholding that inspires the 
 gift. 
 
 Zeno — How then could you explain the hypnotic mind, which is subject 
 to the will of another, and has no object of its own? 
 
 Janus — The "attention" of the hypnotic mind is Fixed upon the last 
 impression which was made upon the brain, and consequently the hypnotic 
 mind Faces The Past, and it has lost its "association of ideas" in which it 
 was educated, and is therefore unable to distinguish between "truth" and 
 falsehood. It is for this reason that the hypnotic is unable to judge of 
 the truth, seeing that he has lost his "association of ideas," and hence the 
 last thing which was impressed on his mind is to him the Truth, and imme- 
 diately the "subconscious" mind current focuses in the direction of the 
 "past," whilst a new "association of ideas" commences to assemble around 
 the central Truth? The "subject" still possesses his brain, in which the 
 records of his life is stored, but the New Truth must be sustained. If 
 informed by the hypnotizer that he is a horse, he has no means of disproving 
 the Truth because his "attention" has been suddenly withdrawn from his 
 ordinary method of reasoning by comparing the new information with what 
 he had previously learned by experience was the real relation held by himself 
 to the rest of the world. But the New Truth sticks, and he must support 
 it by acting like a horse and doing those things which he has records in 
 his brain to prove that a horse usually did. 
 
 If informed that he is Shakespeare, he has no way to disprove the infor- 
 mation, hence he Must believe and act upon it. If he were so ignorant 
 that he never heard of William Shakespeare, but knew another Shakespeare, 
 he would instantly assume the character of the latter. 
 
 Diagrams Nos. 10 and 11 will give some idea of the relation which the mind 
 of the "subject" and that of the operator hold to each other, and each of them 
 to the "time measure." 
 
 The "special senses" of the subject are all "asleep" to everybody but 
 the controller. The (brain-tent) focus within the brain has become "en 
 rapport" with the outside focus (the "object"), which latter is the hypno- 
 tizing influence, person or thing which has succeeded in reversing the trend 
 of thought from the future to the last impression made in the brain, and 
 
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INVISIBLE HEADLIGHT i\) 
 
 retaining the attention long enough for the "subconscious mind" to commence 
 to form a "New association of ideas." If one could remain hypnotized 
 they would develop what is called "dual mind," and it is quite easy to 
 understand how it is that the subject, when in either of his two minds, 
 knows nothing of the ' ' other individual. : ' And as in the case of the hypnotic 
 subject when some sudden sound, or perhaps some injury, arrests his atten- 
 tion, in the same manner as it was arrested when he was placed in the 
 hypnotic state, then the attention reverts to its Old "association of ideas" 
 on the future side and in which he was educated. 
 
 The "operator" sends an impulse into the brain by way of the hearing, 
 generally when he wishes to "arouse" the subject. The "message" disturbs 
 the Brain Tent focus, and the "subconscious" current once again naturally 
 turns to the future side, and resumes its old association of ideas, and ' ' Caesar 
 is himself again." 
 
 Between the Two states there is a Skip or break in the different "asso- 
 ciations of ideas," and not until the subject is again hypnotized does he 
 remember what happened when he was in the hypnosis previously. 
 
 It is very different with the Ecstatic, Diagram No. 12, because he grad- 
 ually sinks back and away from the use of his "special senses" and when 
 he comes to the "vertical present" he soars away into his "spirit land" 
 and is not en rapport with any person's mind, to be misinformed and led 
 away by " suggestions,' ' but he is attracted by the calm, restful vibrations 
 of the Primordial — in the present — where the focus of the "subconscious 
 mind" soars and presents before the conception the ever evolving pictures 
 derived from the "records" already implanted in his brain, undisturbed by 
 "future plans and schemes," or worried by affairs of the past; for Ecstatics 
 are never ''business men," but have been students of the sublime and trans- 
 cendental. When the Ecstatic gradually returns and recovers the use of 
 his "special senses" he does not suffer a Skip between the Two conditions, 
 hence he can recount with great accuracy what his dream or vision was. 
 and put it down in symbolic form and in script. His experience has appeared 
 real and hence his statements ring with the assurance of conviction, and 
 those who hear believe, and there is nothing that can convince the Ecstatic 
 that he did not see the very things which he declares, and hear the words he 
 heard. 
 
 Strange as it may seem, some people can acquire the power to place 
 themselves in the ecstatic condition and still retain the use of their senses. 
 Such persons also learn to exercise a most marvelous power of "healing" 
 some kinds of sickness by bringing the patient into line with the Primordial 
 vibrations and causing them to forget and relinquish the "influences" of 
 forces which perverted their minds and subsequently their bodies also. Such 
 persons have occasionally appeared in all ages of the world. It is not neces- 
 sary that they should really understand the "modus operandi" of their 
 
80 MIND FOCI — "SUBJECTIVE" AND "OBJECTIVE" 
 
 power, but there is no denying that they possessed the Power to use the 
 forces. 
 
 This is the secret of "mind reading," transference of thought, spectra, 
 phantasms, mind healing, inspiration, interpretation of dreams, the mysteries 
 of various theologies, and spiritistic phenomena, mediumship, alter egos, etc' 
 
 Consciousness -is aroused by the activity, of a certain kind, in the brain. 
 The ultimate elements of the brain cells move rapidly in concord with the 
 vibrations of ether. The only way to reach "consciousness" is by way of 
 the ether vibrations and the elements in the cells. Suspend or shut off the 
 action of the "special senses" for a time, leave the Brain active, and the 
 Inner focus still continues, and ether vibrations continue to receive the 
 impress of the '"elements," which contain the "records" of experience and 
 events of life. 
 
 In such conditions consciousness perceives "the still small voice" and 
 the gentle whisper produced by the same process as occurs in our regular 
 every-day experience, only the etheric zephyrs are not disturbed by the usual 
 stream of impulses from the "special senses." 
 
 The marvelous reports received in this fashion seem like voices or scenes 
 from another world ; ' - spirits ' ' whisper, ' ' controls ' ' give directions, ' ' guides ' ' 
 lead the way; "records" engraved in the brain of the "king" (much wor- 
 ried, and the worry being confined to "a memory," which is written in his 
 brain) whose entire attention is withdrawn from the "future" schemes, or 
 fears, from the result of past or bygone deeds. He sends for his Daniel, or 
 a Joseph, who have never done anything in the past to be ashamed of, and 
 even now have no prospects or hopes for future successes (in other words 
 the interpreter lives only in the "present"). The king and Joseph meet. 
 Both are strictly In the "present vertical," the same current, attracted 
 through the brain of the king went through Joseph's brain also, and, as they 
 were en rapport, the cells in the brain of each vibrated in unison and excited 
 "consciousness," not only in one brain but in both, and the king knew that 
 the interpretation was correct, in just the same way that a hypnotic subject 
 can remember what passed when he was formerly hypnotized, with this dif- 
 ference that the king, like Joseph, stood in the "vertical present." The 
 hypnotic had his attention fastened to a "memory" unconnected with his 
 regular ' ' co-ordination of ideas, ' ' for you will remember that the sleeper and 
 the Ecstatic went to sleep "facing the future," and, for the time, lost the 
 connection, because the "special senses" failed to bring in the news, whilst 
 the hypnotic was, by some artifice, turned away suddenly, and therefore 
 there remains a Skip in the movement of the needle of the compass — the 
 attention — when the snap of the operator's fingers, or some other "sugges- 
 tion" as suddenly arouses the hypnotic sleeper. 
 
 In both the "future side attractions" are for the time dropped; in each 
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INVISIBLE HEADLIGHT 85 
 
 primordial currents, unhampered by the "special sense" reports, are the 
 same; in each it is a "memory record'' which retains the attention; but 
 the difference comes in, and is due to the manner in which the attention 
 was fixed, and the relation which the ''co-ordination of ideas" held to the 
 impression which I called a "record" or ''memory." In neither was there 
 any "consciousness" when the "memory" was being reproduced from the 
 brain. 
 
 The idea of "happiness" is one which grows with the "association of 
 ideas," hence in the case of the hypnotic, since lie loses for the time his 
 ■association of ideas," lie experiences no happiness whatever except what is 
 "suggested" to him by the hypnotizing influence and new associations of 
 ideas, but in the ease of the Ecstatic there is "great joy and gladness," 
 ecstacy experienced as he bathes in the "river of life" and drinks from 
 the "well of living water," joy so great that all other joys of life, which 
 usually interest humans, fade away into insignificance and become a species 
 of annoyance rather than pleasure to the "ardent worshiper" whose whole 
 "soul" has been imbued with the power of the "great light" of the 
 Primordial, which remains in the "Vertical Present." From this source 
 the ecclesiastic learns Who it is that constitutes the "Beneficent Influence" 
 that rules all things, and the scientist appreciates What it is that supplies 
 the force and power which affects matter wherever the latter is known to 
 exist. This is the source of the "subconscious mind," or it is from this 
 source that One branch of the mind of man is formed. It is the basis, or 
 foundation, into which the impulses from the "special senses" and from the 
 -'organic" sources become engrafted to form the "objective mind," the 
 "ecstatic mind," the "hypnotic mind," the "dream mind," the "unconscious 
 mind," the "subliminal mind," and from it, as the vibrating energies of 
 the ether undulations act and react upon matter, Life itself manifests, and 
 when it acts upon and through the living human brain "instrument," it 
 projects before the astonished vision the many appearances such as ghosts, 
 spiritualistic spectra, lights of different kinds, sounds and voices, etc. The 
 universe is like an infinite ocean, in the "present." When this great Mind 
 storehouse of power is unbalanced in the room with the "strong medium," 
 the same kind of vibrations which equally agitate the electrons and atoms 
 in the table and in the brain causes the former to respond to impulses 
 passing through the ^Iedii'.m. 
 
 Bearing in mind the different directions in which the attention may point 
 with reference to time, as portrayed in. Diagram No. 4, Time being the 
 "horizontal" element of the ratio, "Energy and matter are to Time as the 
 perpendicular is to the horizontal," and using the compass-shaped figure in 
 Diagram No. 7 as an indicator for the divisions of the "surface" representing 
 time, we will find no difficulty in constructing a number of ratios which will 
 
86 MIND POC] — "SUBJECTIVE" AND "OBJECTIVE" 
 
 assist us in remembering the differences and the relations between the 
 phases of the mind. Tims — 
 
 (1.) The hypnotic mind is to the objective mind as the "past" is to 
 the "future." 
 
 (2.) The hypnotic mind is to the ecstatic mind as the "past" is to the 
 "present." Or by reversing these, we can say — 
 
 (3.) The objective mind is to the hypnotic mind as the "future" is to 
 the "past,*' and — 
 
 (4.) The objective mind is to the ecstatic mind as the "future" is to the 
 "present." 
 
 (5.) The ecstatic mind is to the objective mind as the "present" is to the 
 -future." 
 
 (6.) The Ecstatic mind is to the Primordial mind as the living brain 
 is to the "present." 
 
 Note. — In this last ratio the "living brain" represents the "records" 
 which are in it; hence, as the "records" differ so also does the "vision" 
 of the "ecstatic." And you may observe that all Four of the terms of the 
 equation are confined to the "Present Vertical." 
 
 Therefore the kind and phase of the mind depends upon the relation 
 between the "brain-tent" focus and the "outside" focus. 
 
 With a finely developed brain the "brain-tent" focus will be propor- 
 tionately better than in a poorly developed brain. The Outside focus might 
 be regarded as the "attracting" agent, like we usually regard the north 
 pole as an attraction for the electric needle, or we might regard the "outside" 
 focus, as the place of meeting of the myriads of rays passing through the 
 "brain-tent," but not necessarily as far away as the "object" of the thought, 
 as previously explained. 
 
 A number of other different ratios may be constructed which will show 
 the relation existing between the brain, and the phenomena perceived or 
 the action performed, perhaps unconsciously, by the brain upon which the 
 Forces act. 
 
 The beautiful and systematic arrangement of the cells and tissues of 
 the brain, with its ramifying convolutions, its deep sulci, symmetrically 
 bilateral arrangement in clustered groups of cells, supported apparently on 
 white fibres and bands, like branches on each side and across between the 
 opposite sides — like an arborescent decoration upon its trunk— is not an 
 arrangement made by accident, to fit neatly within its oval, flattened case, 
 the skull; nor are the fluids which surround it and fill the irregular spaces 
 in the interior merely exudations into its chambers and ventricles, useless in 
 the production of mind. 
 
 Evolution has taken place in the brain, as in all other growths, from 
 the plain and simple arrangement to the more complex, affording greatly 
 increased utility for manifesting its powers, qualities, and performing its 
 
INVISIBLE HEADLIGHT 87 
 
 particular function, viz., that of weaving and arranging the Forces which 
 gather together in it from everywhere ; yet the increase in size of its different 
 parts lias been consistent with regard to the whole, and whatever functions 
 are manifested are constantly associated with some corresponding develop- 
 ment of some portion of the brain. Yet the qualities of the mind are not 
 caused by the peculiarly developed part of the brain corresponding, not 
 even when there is a difference between the development of the opposite 
 sides of the brain, although in such cases there is physical foundation appar- 
 ent for the mental peculiarities which are generally associated with deform- 
 ity. The irregularity does not generate the different forces, but simply 
 modifies them according to the physical construction of the "instrument." 
 
 Mind is not known apart from living beings, hence it would be impossible 
 to describe it independently; therefore we should be familiar with the 
 anatomy and physiolog}^ of living beings if we wish to know anything certain 
 about the mind. 
 
 If the brain had evolved in form like a bladder, as its first appearance sug- 
 gests, so that its cells were arranged inside the skull expanded in proportion to 
 its number of mature cells, being filled with serum, it would be as large as 
 a great tent resting upon its central stem. In such a "brain-tent" the 
 variously developed regions could be studied with many advantages. 
 
 Great and finely developed regions appear in one brain and others not 
 well developed, with scarcely a trace of cells in them. The centers corre- 
 sponding to hearing, sight, speech, smell, etc., although represented in each, 
 are distinctly different in each "brain-tent." 
 
 The general contour of the brain-tent would appear long and narrow, 
 short and wide, oval or round, flat or arched, higher in front or behind, 
 irregular with ridges more pronounced on one side than another, larger in 
 front or very much contracted, but in all cases the "tent" would be wider 
 transversely at the center than in front and somewhat egg-shaped, being 
 irregularly flattened on the base. 
 
 If we view the face and features, we constantly observe all varieties in 
 different individuals. The eyes may be large or small, projecting or retracted, 
 sunk deeply into the socket, close together, or set widely apart, many different 
 colors, and the iris in one is large, in another small, in one the eye slants up 
 at the angle owing to the direction of the opening between the lids, in 
 another the eye is narrow between the lids. The eye gives a great deal of 
 information with reference to the character. 
 
 The ear may be large or small, thick or thin, heavily lobed — which may 
 be attached or not — or there may be very small lobes. Some ears project; 
 others sit closely to the head. One car often differs in shape from the oppo- 
 site, and may be set up higher, and many other variations may be seen. 
 From the ear much information concerning the character of the individual 
 may be acquired. 
 
88 MIND foci — "subjective" AM) "objective" 
 
 The nose may be long or short, thick, rounded and club-shaped, or it 
 may be narrow, sharp and retrousse; wide or narrow nostrils; straight, 
 crooked, hollow or convex, deeply notched where it joins with the forehead, 
 or it may be straight with the forehead, pendant or pug, and the septum may 
 be crooked, bent to one side, or straight. 
 
 The forehead may be retracted, or have any angle with the vertical, and 
 sometimes it comes forward past the vertical. It is wide, narrow, high, low, 
 hairy or clear, ridged or smooth and round. Much information may be 
 obtained by studying the forehead concerning the character. 
 
 The neck also varies in its shape, being thick and short, long and thin, 
 very muscular, or very weak and bony.- It may be long and arched or set 
 deeply between the shoulders. 
 
 The outline of the face varies as well as its color, and many people learn 
 to read the character from the face and features like a book. Criminology 
 as a science pays very great attention to these differences in order to obtain 
 knowledge to what particular class different criminals belong. 
 
 Since the firmer tissues present so mucli difference and are so important 
 with reference to the mind, hoAV much more must the soft and fragile tissues 
 the brain possesses, and what latitude for variation in development must 
 they furnish ! 
 
 Zeno — But it is impossible to observe any such variation in the brain 
 as it is encased in the skull, and to examine the brain after death would 
 not be of service in giving any information as to the character of the 
 individual. 
 
 Janus — That is very true, except that by observing the very great differ- 
 ence between different brains as to the amount of grey matter, which, when 
 abundant, shows many deep sulci and corrugations or convolutions — to note 
 the relative size and development in general and of certain regions — and to 
 compare opposite sides of the same brain, in which there is nearly always 
 considerable variation in the length and direction of the fissures and convo- 
 lutions, and, when the skull is irregularly formed, to notice that the brain 
 conforms to the inside of the skull in outline. There is also much difference 
 in different races of people, and since we know that the development of 
 the brain is the chief center of physical evolution, which corresponds with 
 evolution of the mind, we can compare living and dead brains. According 
 as there is increase in size upward and forward there is a correspondingly 
 increased manifestation of intelligence all the way up through the ape, the 
 human idiot, the bushman, uncultivated, improved, civilized, enlightened, up 
 to the highest type, viz., the Caucasian. 
 
 There is no doubt also that there are wide differences between the cells 
 of the brain on opposite sides because the infinite variety observed in the 
 general outline must be associated with corresponding growth and develop- 
 ment of the cells, because the brain is fabricated from cells. 
 
INVISIBLE HEADLIGHT 89 
 
 In our " brain- tent/' it' the impulses from the "organs" and the "special 
 senses" entered like rays of light and shining in from all directions, it is 
 evident that the entire group would tend to "focus" in or near the center of 
 the ''brain-tent." This, we know, from the nature of the action of lens- 
 shaped bodies upon rays passing into and through them. 
 
 Accordingly, also, if the opposite sides of the "brain-tent" were not alike. 
 or if irregularly shaped and disproportioned, the "focus" would deviate from 
 the center, or be imperfect, something like the foci of different kinds made 
 by light rays entering defective eyes; one is astigmatic, another myopic, 
 another is strabismic, presbyoptic, etc., with all degrees of imperfection, and 
 differing in opposite eyes. 
 
 Thus we may have "mental strabismus, myopia, astigmatism, etc. Some 
 can only understand what is away in the future, which is always conditional. 
 Such persons are visionary, impractical, optimistic, full of idealities which 
 seldom materialize. Others are very short-sighted with reference to business 
 affairs, and are often pessimists; others seem to dilly-dally along with little 
 or no interest in anything. Much depends upon the evenness in the develop- 
 ment of both sides of the brain. 
 
 But the chief object in the erection of our "brain-tent" is that we may 
 obtain a very good conception of how the greater development in one or 
 more locations is associated with different "talents," and how it is possible 
 to understand why characters differ, and how one may exhibit a great differ- 
 ence in his "disposition" at different times — how, under certain influences, 
 a person has one kind of a character, and under other influences an entirely 
 different character. 
 
 Zeno — I fail to see how you can "focus" the impulses which compose 
 Mind without having something to focus them upon. In the eye there is 
 the retina, but in the "brain-tent" there is only serum, and of course I 
 understand that the "serum" is like that in the ordinary brain, being alive 
 with etheric vibrations throughout; but the "focused" impulses or rays 
 should have some tissue upon which they can focus. 
 
 Janus — You are right, and the focus should be somewhere near the center 
 of the brain-tent, and in the median line ; it need not be a point in a large 
 organ like the human brain, but it should be free to respond to the vibrations 
 eoming from all sides, even if the vibrations travel in the fluids of the brain. 
 
 There is the small cone-shaped body, the Pineal gland, which stands out 
 between the anterior bodies of the corpora quadrigemina in the fourth ven- 
 tricle and it is bathed in the serum of the ventricle. It used to be called 
 "the scat of the soul " by some anatomists, but its function is not known. 
 For convenience we will erect a rostrum in the center of the "brain-tent" 
 and seat Mr. P2go (consciousness) upon it. 
 
 To the Ego the entire interior of the tent would appear as an immense 
 painting, whereon Experience, the artist, works assiduously, recording impres- 
 
90 MIND FOCI- 
 
 sions in the interior of the brain cells and securing more and better material 
 to extend his artistic productions, which he arranges upon the living canvas. 
 The twenty or thirty billions of blood corpuscles bring him freshly prepared 
 materials and carry off what he does not use. His skill is greatly enhanced 
 by the work of other artists who thus serve the part of tutors. 
 
 The success of his labor depends greatly upoh the quality of the "canvas," 
 which is derived from heredity, and it is best preserved when kept free from 
 taints of disease, drugs, toxins, etc., and supplied with just the proper kind 
 of "nourishment'' and kept purified from all collections of dross and fumes 
 of tobacco and alcohol, etc. This ideal condition he calls "health." 
 
 There is an individual artist (experience) in each and every brain while 
 it lives, and his work is very different, partly because his energy is all 
 expended in painting different regions of the "canvas" in different persons, 
 and because his "attention" is directed to certain locations in the great field 
 upon which he labors, causing him to neglect the other parts of the painting. 
 He may delicately arrange and rearrange the records connected with 
 "sounds," "sights," "speech," "touch," etc., or he may develop those which 
 are directly connected with "organic" functioning, and again he may labor 
 night and day to arrange the impressions which guide him to come to correct 
 conclusions, or reason. This he does by arranging "facts" in accurate rows, 
 so that when certain data are given him he lets the ether currents focus to 
 certain points (conclusions) just according to the data given for consider- 
 ation. In another, he fixes firmly certain facts which serve as historic land- 
 marks, and he assiduously hangs others around and about the central "pegs." 
 In this manner slight changes in the appearance of the "canvas" are pro- 
 duced, and these are propagated to the offspring sometimes, and thus evolution 
 develops the brain-tent and the races cross and intermarry. It may be that 
 the material furnished him is better adapted to one region than another, and 
 he accordingly uses up what gives him the best, clearest and most enduring 
 picture. 
 
 The results of the artist's labors are associated with all the different 
 kinds of minds known in the world. In one the result is a daub, in another 
 a most beautiful production, artistically decorated. Still it is not due either 
 to the "canvas" or the "brain-tent" nor to "Experience," that the Mind 
 manifests. The "canvas" is the "Machine," and "Experience" is the 
 mechanic who made the machine, which differs for each person. 
 
 Let the three kinds of forces assemble to the "brain-tent," as they do 
 in ordinary life, and we will recognize that the mind varies according as the 
 "machine" varies, but still it is caused by the "forces" themselves. 
 
 The Primordial vibrations give foundation or basis for the "organic," 
 and for the "special sense" impulses which meet and mingle with the 
 Primordial. 
 
 If from any cause there exists a difference between the opposite sides of 
 
INVISIBLE HEADLIGHT 91 
 
 the brain, it is evident that the "rays" which assemble into the "tent" 
 would not and could not "focus" at the same point, and the focus would 
 be comparable to that of a defective eye. What is true of any one pair of 
 brain centers is equally true of each pair, and all of them. 
 
 Hence the streams of vibrations coming into the brain and agitating the 
 ether in the "tent," and bringing "information" from various sources, are 
 necessarily associated with the imperfections of the "instrument" of the 
 mind, if such exist. If there should be thickening, or blurring in any part 
 of the "canvas" there would necessarily be a defect in the "rays" entering 
 through that part. Hence, any injury, growth or pathological infarction 
 will be associated with mental deficiency, permanent delusions, monomania, 
 delusional insanity, hallucination, etc., depending upon the location and 
 extent of the lesion. When the tissues become saturated with certain abnor- 
 mal products the perception becomes blurred, and from such source melan- 
 cholia, paranoia, intoxication and perhaps emotional insanity originate, 
 according to the nature of the intoxicant and the particular region of the 
 tissues most deeply saturated with the foreign substance. In fact Ave might 
 even say that the currents become "short circuited," so fail to reach and 
 properly excite the very remarkable thing called consciousness. 
 
 In sliort, there is no mental disease where there is no corresponding 
 physical defect. Hence, when the body and brain are perfectly healthy, 
 clear and sound, mental disease is impossible ; and if the cause of the mental 
 deviation can be removed, the mind is sound or healthy. 
 
 When the brain becomes overloaded with katabolic products the currents 
 fail to "focus," and hence a condition of unconsciousness ensues, and this 
 is generally called "sleep." After some hours the effete products, having 
 been absorbed and removed from interference, the waking is easy, because 
 once more the currents can readily pass to the focal center of the brain. 
 Sounds, light, odors, feelings are then readily conveyed, and when their 
 impulses meet and mingle with similar kinds of vibrations from the opposite 
 side of the brain, the result is "waking." 
 
 Upon the same system the phenomena of "dreams" can be readily 
 explained. The brain centers, being arranged in pairs, are more intimately 
 related, or respond more readily to the same stimulus or set of vibrations, 
 than other pairs of centers. Hence one pair of centers may be "awake" 
 whilst the others are all asleep. In the case of somnambulism the locomotion 
 centers, not being exhausted, are "awake," whilst the centers of hearing, 
 sight, etc., are asleep. Similarly, one talks, laughs, whistles, sings during 
 profound sleep of the centers of sight, locomotion, smell, taste, etc. 
 
 Now although during sleep the impulses entering the brain by way of 
 the special senses do not succeed in arousing consciousness, nevertheless there 
 is a variable percentage of the force of the impulses succeeds in reaching 
 and making proportionate impression upon the "subconscious" mental cur- 
 
92 MIND FOCI — "SUBJECTIVE" AND "OBJECTIVE" 
 
 rent, and, accordingly, the subconscious mind is impressed with sensations 
 which arrive from any of the different senses. Hunger, thirst, suffocation 
 and any impulse arising- from the "organic" will influence the "dream" 
 just as readily as impulses arising outside of the organism. The special senses 
 are like sentinels, to wain off danger while we sleep and bring us information 
 when awake. 
 
 When febrile toxins poison the blood and nerve centers, delirium, coma, 
 and irregular twitchings mark the "organic" impulses. When there is great 
 activity and excitement of certain centers, mania, hysteria, etc., apparently 
 originate in the Mind, but such manifestations are always associated with 
 inordinate action of some of the organs which send perverted impulses. 
 
 Our minds are momentarily depending, not only upon the perfection and 
 nature of the "instrument," but upon the supply of energies which gather 
 at the brain to produce it. 
 
 I warn you again to remember that the brain itself is so constructed that 
 it retains impressions which have been made upon it, and these impressions 
 constitute the "records" of the mind, which, like stumps and irregularities 
 in the course of a flood, turn or modify the current of the mind; and as 
 each "record" remains after being made it becomes a new modifier of the 
 future dictates of the mind. 
 
 So important a part is played by these "records" that one is led 
 sometimes to believe that the mind originates In the brain, and you will 
 frequently hear of "brain power" as if the mind forces originated in the 
 brain, whilst in reality the forces originate and assemble in the brain of the 
 cleverest man in the same way as they do in a mollycoddle and the" dotard. 
 
 The character of any person thus can be understood to vary just as there 
 is a greater or less degree of impression made upon the "conscious center" 
 by means of impulses which arrive by any one particular route, and hence 
 at one time an individual may be sensual when swayed by "carnal" impulses, 
 and "intelligent" when the impulses come through a brain well stored with 
 records or "memories" of great things and when fired with zeal to attain 
 something useful to self or others. When the brain becomes befogged with 
 drinks or certain drugs, the formerly gentle, generous, kind husband may 
 become rough, mean, rude and overbearing; but there are all shades and 
 gradations of character manifested according to the drink, the drug, the brain 
 development, the physical or organic development and age, so that it would be 
 useless to attempt to classify them. But no matter how various the mental 
 manifestations may be, they can be readily understood by keeping in mind 
 the three sources of the forces and remembering the peculiarity of the brain 
 in that it "records" Impulses and these continue to modify the "current 
 of thought" as long as they continue. 
 
 There are no two minds exactly alike, because the "instrument" is con- 
 structed somewhat differently in its general formation and in its individual 
 
INYISIBU: HEADLIGHT 93 
 
 organs. The environments of one person are not the same as those of 
 another, and since the brain records the experiences which we receive from 
 our environments, the brains must always differ accordingly. Age, health, 
 sex and a thousand things continue to modify the body and accordingly the 
 mind, but in all cases the mind is the Resultant force. 
 
 If we could stand upon the rostrum in the "brain-tent," and were 
 able to see and read the story of a life, with its volumes of records and 
 paintings of experience enrolled in "memories" amidst the ever revolving 
 myriads and multitudes of hosts of whirling systems of atoms and electrons 
 within the cells of the brain, under the eye of consciousness, surrounded by 
 billions of myriads of other correlated and concording scenes that never 
 aroused consciousness nor attracted attention at all, we would be embarked 
 within a mystic labyrinth a million times more hazy than those of Hampton 
 Court or Versailles. Avenues of frescoed landscapes, many of which were 
 never previously observed, decorating curving views that would astound 
 our vision ; and even whilst we gaze, still fresh and recent graded alterations, 
 like a phantasmagoria, would enrich our view, whilst far beyond these new 
 vistas still arise, in turn to fade away as still further and other attractions 
 of an entirely different kind enslave us. Chords of rapturous rhythmical 
 strains of music burst upon us from symphonies, vocal or orchestral, enchant- 
 ing our very souls, decoying our paltry consciousness to ecstacy. Again we 
 turn where scenes of sorrow, imposed by vicious "self" trampling over 
 human rights, leave but a doleful path behind, down w r hich the widow with 
 her helpless children struggle for very life, whilst wanton extravagance, 
 concupiscence and robbery strut and glory in the path of fame, with ease 
 and luxury catering to debauch. Fascination, enchantment, maze, alternate 
 with horror, disgust and resentment, mingling with desire for revenge. Thus 
 varying scenes and sounds and cerebral records become revealed as they 
 remain enshrined within the cells of the brain, sculptured in atomic and 
 electronic worlds by Nature's Esthete, all in perfect order and perfect 
 symmetry, until at last we shrink aghast amidst emotions of admiration and 
 reverence, exhaustion supervenes, and long ere we have reached the space 
 beyond the antechamber, oblivion draws the shade, to rise again for many 
 times, as curiosity and remembrance stimulate desire we oft arise from slum- 
 ber. Age creeps on at last, as yet fresh correlated records roll, till grievous 
 destruction of our own brain cells blots out both consciousness and scenery. 
 
CHAPTER 5. 
 
 THE MIND, AND HOW IT IS CONNECTED WITH THE BODY, AND WHERE ITS THREE 
 CLASSES OP QUALITIES COME FROM. 
 
 Notes by Zeno — 
 
 Zeno — I cannot yet see any great advantage to be gained by regarding 
 mind as a Force derived from Three different sources; because no one 
 knows what a ' ' force ' ? is, except by its effects upon matter ; and if the nature 
 of the mind changes accordingly as the "instrument" of the mind changes, 
 we might just as well commence the study of the Mind at the instrument as 
 anywhere else. If any one would rather Believe that the mind is all outside 
 of the instrument, and that the peculiar kind of mind which any individual 
 manifests is due to his breeding, education, development, training, etc., and 
 other people Believe that the mind originates from the functioning of the 
 body, it would make no difference to the Mind itself, as an entity, which 
 manifests certain qualities, faculties, powers, etc. 
 
 Janus — The results derived from "belief" in one or other of these two 
 theories are widely different, and very great indeed; and if both of them 
 are wrong it is evident that we cannot make positive advancement in the 
 study of the phenomena and phases of the mind, because we are sure to 
 attribute what facts, phenomena and phases, which we know do manifest, to 
 one of the two different causes. Nor can we remain neutral in the matter, 
 since we know that the world is torn with dissensions concerning these very 
 wide spreading results, and therefore to be acquainted with the very root 
 of the evil becomes of paramount importance. 
 
 To believe that the earth turns the entire heavens, or that they turn 
 themselves once around the earth daily would make no difference as to the 
 phenomena of day or night, but since neither of them is correct, it became of 
 much importance to ascertain our real relation with the other parts of the 
 universe, for otherwise we must remain in ignorance of the real nature of 
 the forces which act upon and control the earth, but by knowing something 
 of these we have better opportunity to learn concerning ourselves, and how 
 we can perform our share of the functions of the life. 
 
 Possibly it might be better to remain neutral in the matter than to be led 
 astray with erroneous "beliefs," seeing that we could live and enjoy the 
 pleasures of life and thrive much better than any other kind of animals, 
 and it is certain that none of the lower animals either know or care anything 
 about whether the earth turns or not, and some of them enjoy life very well. 
 
 The belief that the Mtnd is all outside of us, and that the mind, spirit 
 
 95 
 
96 KNEW SYSTEM OE PSYCHOLOGY 
 
 or soul which actuates the individual was originally "breathed" into us by 
 the Creator, and that there is at least one soul or spirit in each person, leads 
 to various kinds of religion, and even superstition; because, since the soul, 
 or spirit, "never dies," or is immortal, it becomes necessary that a place be 
 provided in which the soul or spirit resides permanently, and in which 
 perfect joy or happiness is ensured for the good, and another place to receive 
 the bad or wicked, where they will receive punishment. 
 
 It leads also to disputation regarding the nature, qualities, powers and 
 attributes of the Outside mind, hence the Jew differs from the Buddhist, 
 the Christian from the Mohammedan, etc., and it becomes impossible to settle 
 the differences between them, because the Outside mind is Believed by each 
 denomination to possess different kinds of "perfection" and to be possessed 
 of certain attributes, qualities and dispositions which favor the believers' 
 conceptions. Hence the different systems of worship develop, and as there is 
 no scientific way by which the various beliefs can be established or be proven 
 erroneous, the number of "beliefs" increases, and the divisions between the 
 factions continue to widen, until sociable relations, real friendship and even 
 confidence become limited to certain circles and classes. In time jealousy 
 and hatred lead to disputations, conflicts and wars, which periodically drench 
 the earth with blood, destroying the weaker nation and establishing, for a 
 time, the more powerful nation, whose authority and dominion have been 
 won by the sword, without regard for the "belief" which was the original 
 or fundamental cause of the segregation into classes. Militarism and dic- 
 tatorship become necessary to prevent entire destruction, and as the devastat- 
 ing wars destroy millions of the better classes and thousands of the finest 
 institutions of learning, impoverishing the country and the people are driven 
 to the necessity of simply obtaining food and shelter. Ages roll by before 
 the original great advancement reappears. 
 
 Again, if the Mind be traced to the "instrument" only, the result is that 
 the Outside "Beneficent" Influence becomes neglected, and, in course of 
 time, forgotten, or even ridiculed, because the wonderful thing called Mind 
 is Believed to depend entirely upon the state and condition of the "instru- 
 ment. ' ' Such a belief, endorsed by scientific experimenting, leads to Materi- 
 alism, and Atheism, and fosters Egoism, Commercialism, and in the course 
 of time the Money Power develops into a hideous monster, as is graphically 
 depicted in one of the visions of St. John the Divine, to be read in the 16th 
 chapter of Revelation. See Diagram No. 14. 
 
 But when we recognize that the Mind is a Force, derived from Three 
 different sources, we will have no difficulty in perceiving where the division 
 between the Two great classes had its real origin, — and it is evident that 
 the divergence of opinions must have occurred in or near the root of the Tree 
 of life and of knowledge, else it would be readily recognized and remedied. 
 Both Life and Mind unfold like a Tree, and every man is in the Center of 
 
HOW MIND IS CONNECTED WITH BODY 99 
 
 the Garden of the world. The nature of the "tree of Life" has been estab- 
 lished by Biology and Evolution; but dissensions arising- from Beliefs 
 have aborted the development of the "tree of knowledge." Knowledge is 
 obtained by the Mind, — therefore it becomes of extreme importance to know 
 what the mind is. and its sources, and mode of growth. 
 
 If we can prove the truth of the Composition of the mind, then it would 
 not be necessary to Believe it, because Knowledge dispels the necessity for 
 "belief." Belief implies confidence in something which has not been proven. 
 As soon as anything has been proven or demonstrated, it passes out of the 
 realm of "belief," because it is Knowledge, which is the light which dispels 
 the necessary darkness, or ignorance associated with Belief. 
 
 It is an easy matter to demonstrate how that the Mind is changed by the 
 eondition and state of the "organism," the body, in any one of a thousand 
 different ways. (1) Give a man some drug, such as morphine, atropine, can- 
 nibus indicus, etc., and the mind becomes different from normal, and manifests 
 characteristics of a different character in each case: because the drug is 
 absorbed and enters into the very composition of the brain cells, and by its 
 presence modifies the composition and functioning of the cells. The effect is 
 ' " organic. ' ' 
 
 (2) Blindfold a man, bring him into a room or elsewhere, turn him 
 around once or twice, he cannot know, by means of his eyesight, in which 
 direction he faces, or what is the relation of surrounding objects. The mind 
 of the blind is evidently not the same as the mind of the person with good 
 eyes. The same is true concerning the knowledge derived from any of the 
 
 "special senses." The mind is varied by means of the information derived 
 by way of the special senses. 
 
 When one is asleep, it is the special senses which are asleep. The stream 
 of information which keeps coming into the brain, while we are awake, 
 changes the nature of the mind constantly. 
 
 (3) When ether vibrations from our sun (white light) are passed 
 through a prism, the result is that the "white light" is resolved into 
 "colors" — the prism is a "dead" instrument. When ether vibrations enter 
 and pass through the Living Brain, they are resolved into Attributes; these 
 attributes really belong to the forces In the ether, in the same way as the 
 "colors" are inherent In the white light — the colors are mental impressions 
 which only reach the individual brain, but the "attributes" are the product 
 after passing through it, and form the basis of Mind — kindness, love, affec- 
 tion, sympathy, benevolence, friendship, veneration, charity, humility, devo- 
 tion, and kindred qualities, such as extend between persons, not being confined 
 to Self, but concerned solely for the benefit or good of another, are some of 
 the Mlnd qualities derived from the Primordial ether vibrations. 
 
 Many learned men have devoted years of persistent study, experimenting, 
 
100 NMW SYSTEM OF PSYCHOLOGY 
 
 labor, and have expended much money, attempting to prove that the mind is 
 derived from the "organic functioning." 
 
 The experimenting has proved that there is a somewhat definite relation 
 existing between certain excitants applied and the response made in the mental 
 manifestation, — apparently showing that the result comes from the action of 
 the organ itself. 
 
 Professor Fleshzig, of Germany, describes Four great Thought centers 
 in the brain, — and Four great Sense centers also. In these so-called centers, 
 a great number of highly developed brain cells are found, and this is espe- 
 cially true in the human brain, which is the most capable brain of all. 
 
 Professor Fleshzig 's classes are as follows: 
 
 Sense centers. (1) The Touch center in the Vertical lobe; (2) The 
 Hearing Center in the temporal lobe; (3) The Sight center in the occipital 
 lobe; (4) The Smell center in the central lobe. 
 
 Thought centers. (1) The frontal center of association ; (2) The parietal 
 center of association; (3) The great occiput center; (4) The insular brain 
 center, the Island of Reel. 
 
 Now, there are Two sides to the brain, and these Centers, described by 
 Fleshzig, as existing in the brain, are double — one on each side — and they are 
 separated considerably from one another on the same side; but as there is 
 only One brain, and One mind, and one consciousness in each person, it 
 must follow that the "conscious" center (if there is such a point) must 
 fluctuate very rapidly, for it is calculated that we can Think of about 100 
 different things in one Second. Moreover, when we are conscious, the five 
 special senses are all awake, and on the alert, so much so that even if our 
 attention is not directed to each we can remember what a thing looked like, 
 at the same instant in which there is a sound perceived, and at the same 
 instant we perceived an odor or felt a pain, and each of them can be 
 ' ' remembered. ' ' 
 
 When a small portion of the brain, away at the most distant point from 
 any of these "centers," is removed, or injured, we become unconscious, and 
 cannot "think" at all, nor either remember or reason, — both "thought" and 
 "sense" are absent. 
 
 If Fleshzig 's centers of thought and sense act separately (there being 
 only one consciousness), a "thought" must have Two subjective ends to it, 
 because both sides of the brain are necessary in order to ' ' think. ' ' 
 
 However, the kind and quality of a "thought" does depend upon the 
 kind and quality of the "instrument" of the mind, in the same way as the 
 product of any machine depends upon the kind and quality of the machine 
 through which the product becomes manifest. Modify, or change the machine, 
 and the product is changed, — but the force which operates the machine does 
 not come from it; neither do the forces which operate the brain and produce 
 the Mind come from the functioning of the "machine" (the brain). 
 
HOW MIND IS CONNECTED WITH BODY 103 
 
 Those who teach that the Mind is independent of the body, are very liable 
 to completely overlook the set of impulses which originate in the functioning 
 of the '"organs" of the body, and erroneously attribute the qualities, powers, 
 phases, and peculiarities wholly to the "outside" mind, — and to attribute 
 the "good" qualities to one source (the Deity), and the "bad" qualities to 
 another source (the evil spirit). 
 
 Psychology in all its branches is the study of the mind and human soul; 
 the phenomena of consciousness ; and the nature and relations of one faculty 
 to another. It is divided into branches, such as metaphysics, psychophysics, 
 moral and intellectual psychology, transcendentalism, inductive psychology, 
 and so on. Phrenologists study only the skull. In short, psychology is a 
 science which teaches what is actually known or may be learned concerning 
 the Soul, as may be derived from observation, accompanied with definitions, 
 terminology, classified arrangement, and rational explanations. 
 
 In all of these studies there is an assumption that a soul exists in each 
 person, or that there is a mind more or less independent of the body. 
 
 Between what can be demonstrated to be true from the physiology of the 
 different organs of the body, and the deductions by reason, as to what are 
 the relations between the body and the mind, these different branches of 
 science are built up. 
 
 Zeno — But so far as the Mend is concerned, and the study thereof, it 
 appears to me if we would attribute everything to the "instrument" it 
 would be more convenient, for we could blame the "instrument" for any 
 defect or deficiency manifested in the mental qualities, and still we could 
 regard the existence of the ' ' outside ' ' mind just as well as we can by dividing 
 up the origin of mind into Three sources. 
 
 Janus — The plan you suggest, of blaming the instrument for the defects 
 or deficiencies of the mind qualities, would necessitate the giving of credit to 
 the "instrument" for all the good qualities as well; hence we would arrive 
 at the same result as physiologists do by attributing all mental qualities to 
 the functioning of the organs. In doing so we would dispense with the forces 
 which we know come from the "outside," and even if a teacher knew that 
 part of the mind force does come from the outside, and if he taught that the 
 mind commenced in the body, or that it is only traceable to the body, his 
 pupils would necessarily be guided by his teaching, and they could not attain 
 the truth by learning and believing what they were taught. 
 
 ides that, such a teacher could not be just with himself, hence his teach- 
 ing would lack the ring of conviction on his own part, and his own mind 
 would soon become biased, because he would require 1 to defend his own 
 teachings. 
 
 Such a system as you suggest implies a standard of perfection for the 
 mind. That being the case, we would require to agree upon what perfec- 
 tion consists in, and what are its qualities; but you know that we cannot 
 
H)4 NEW SYSTEM OF PSYCHOLOGY 
 
 Qualify perfection, — hence we become launched into the same difficulty as 
 faces the Buddhist, the Jew, the Mohammedan, the Mystic, the Theosophist, 
 and the Christian. 
 
 It is the difference in the conception of what Perfection is that consti- 
 tutes one great source of dispute, causing classes and creeds to form. And 
 there is no way by which the difference of "opinion" can be settled, because 
 what one believes and considers good, another does not believe or he considers 
 evil, or even despises. Belief, Faith, Opinion, can only justify virtues agree- 
 able to the one who entertains the belief, faith, or opinion. 
 
 In order to settle any problem, we must be in a position to demonstrate 
 the truth upon a mathematical basis, or by demonstrating that the contrary- 
 is necessarily false we arrive at ' ' truth of necessity. ' ' 
 
 If the mind is a Force resulting from any number of forces, it cannot 
 suffer from disease, because its defect in reaching any standard would be due 
 to the subordinate forces which together compose it. When the "instrument" 
 is diseased, then the impulses arising from it do not "harmonize." If the 
 "discord" could be removed, health would result. 
 
 There are millions of perfectly healthy bodies, and hence there are millions 
 of healthy minds, if we may apply the word "health" to a force. If we 
 erect a standard for mind, we will never find any human mind that will 
 come up to it in all respects, because the finest qualities known are distributed 
 in different people, — and if we made a standard out of the best qualities of 
 all known minds, the very next generation may produce others far superior 
 to any of those now living. 
 
 What we are certain of is that many various kinds of "impulses" reach 
 the brain, and that they lose their individuality as they assemble. We also 
 know that the entity called Mind, with its many variations, can be traced 
 to the brain as its origin. We must account for the forces — because there 
 is no such a thing as annihilation of any force, although we are quite certain 
 that one kind of force may be converted into another kind, without loss of 
 amount, — and we know that the conversion of one force into another kind of 
 force is always made by means of some kind of "instrument." 
 
 We know that the Mind manifests qualities. Where do they come from? 
 
 The mind has attributes, powers, faculties, qualities, etc. Where do they 
 come from if not from the Forces which assemble at the brain, where these 
 manifestations originate ? 
 
 Where do the impulses of light, sound, feeling, odors, tastes, and "organic" 
 impulses, — also certain chemical, electrical, heat, and grosser physical mo- 
 tions received by different parts of the body, go to ? They disappear as such, 
 having assembled into the "machine" with all its living organs in full 
 operation. 
 
 Where do emotions, feelings, reason, will, intelligence, instincts, faculties, 
 
HOW MIND IS CONNECTED WITH BODY 105 
 
 thoughts, subconscious mind, and all the qualities of the mind come from 
 if not from the forces which assemble at the brain ? 
 
 It appears that we are forced to conclude that all of these different mani- 
 festations, and all of the phases of mind, are produced by the combination, 
 amalgamation, modification, and separation, accomplished by means of the 
 instrument, which is the body, and especially the brain, of the living being — 
 and that one group of forces originate In the "organism," another group is 
 impressed upon the living being from " environments, ' ? and that the third 
 group of forces are inherent In the Primordial waves of ether. 
 
 If we could find out which of the qualities and faculties come from the 
 "organic," and also those which belong to the "special senses," and subtract 
 these two sets from all of the qualities, faculties, and attributes which are 
 discovered in the Mend, we would find out exactly the remainder, — and since 
 there is no other place from which they could come, we would know that they 
 had origin and are inherent in the Primordial, which come to the brain in 
 the etheric waves. 
 
 The living being is the Loom which weaves together and classifies the 
 Three sets of vibrations, which represent three sets of forces; of which the 
 Primordial is the "warp," whilst the "special sense" and the "organic" 
 groups are the "woof" of the "fabric," Mind. These Three sets of Forces 
 are the legs or feet of the Tripod, and the "brain" is the seat of the mind. 
 
 All forces are physical, and can be converted into other kinds of forces, 
 although we may denominate them "chemical," "electrical," "physiolog- 
 ical," "heat," "life" forces, mind forces, etc. They all travel in the nerves 
 principally, because the nerves are the best conductors. The mind is a 
 directing force, and has great power in influencing conduct, surmounting 
 difficulties, and converting all other forces, as they act upon matter, into 
 servants. This is the "objective" mind; but the "subjective" mind, or the 
 "subconscious" mind, possesses even more wonderful powers, and it is recog- 
 nized as an individual force only when the "special senses" have been sus- 
 pended in their action, and, better still, when the "organic" processes are 
 reduced to a minimum, as in cases of prolonged illness, extreme exhaustion, 
 and even when death is taking possession of the body. Mediums have been 
 well known who could raise heavy pieces of furniture, such as pianos, cup- 
 boards, and heavy tables up in the air against the force of gravity, by the 
 power of their "subconscious" mind, and without any physical mechanism 
 to assist them whatever. 
 
 The} r have also projected their own bodies in mid air, and presented them- 
 selves to other persons hundreds of miles distant, conversed with them and 
 brought back information, whilst all the time of their absence you could 
 plainly see their bodies before you in the room. 
 
 Zeno — That sounds like a fairy tale, and appears contrary to all known 
 
106 m:\v SYSTEM of psychology 
 
 laws of nature. I would like very much to know how such a phenomenon 
 could be explained. 
 
 Janus — It is not difficult to understand, when we know that the sub- 
 conscious mind travels in the etheric waves. Imagine a person 1,000 miles 
 away, and the Medium becomes "en rapport" with him. Now, even the 
 vibrations of light would travel back and forth that distance about 100 times 
 in one second, and there are doubtless ether vibrations many times faster 
 than the vibrations of light. Immediately the person 1,000 miles away 
 becomes aware of the impulses of waves acting upon his consciousness, he 
 immediately perceives the Medium as present, like a vision. Ordinary eye- 
 sight requires 1 /10th of a second after the vibrations strike the retina before 
 consciousness recognizes them. The delay is due to the interference of the 
 optic nerve along which the time is spent in the approach to the sensoriuim 
 Now, if the subconscious mind vibrations immediately excite the brain centers 
 without the use of the optic route, consciousness is excited in exactly the 
 same manner, viz., by the ether vibrations exciting the brain centers, which 
 are the immediate instruments of the mind. 
 
 Communication, of minds is made direct, information obtained, and as the 
 Medium possesses the remarkable power of placing himself In the "Vertical 
 Present" and still retaining some use of his "special senses," — hence he can 
 report what he saw and heard upon his visit. 
 
 The other source of the "mind forces," or perhaps we might say the 
 "organic" mind, is physiological, and is derived from the functioning of 
 the organs, and is as powerful as life itself, and the effect produced upon the 
 mind from this source is very variable, owing to the varying states and condi- 
 tions of the organs of the body and from the age and development of the 
 body itself, the sex, habits, business, mode of living, and many things which 
 cause variation in the functioning of the separate "instruments" as they 
 work in connection with one another and all as parts of one grand "instru- 
 ment," the body itself. 
 
 The mind of the child is entirely different from the man in the same 
 individual, — the mind of the Hottentot is hardly comparable with the mind 
 of the highly cultured Caucasian, nor is it capable of the culture of the latter, 
 because the "instrument" is different, or we might say that the "organic" 
 source of the mind is defective. So it is with others. 
 
 We can readily trace to the "organic" source the mental variations pro- 
 duced by drugs, alcohol, diseases, habits in the use of narcotics, and even 
 variations of organic functions within the limits of good health. The drugs, 
 alcohol, and disease germs and their products come through the blood right 
 into direct contact with the cells, and even take part in the metabolic proc- 
 esses; hence there is no denying of the fact that these things affect the mind 
 by the "organic" route. Habits acquired are "organic" sources of "mental" 
 variations. The use of drinks, drugs, foods becomes "habitual." 
 
HOW MIND IS CONNECTED WITH BODY 107 
 
 From the "organic'' root of mind forces it is quite easy to trace many 
 so-called "mental diseases" — although it is evident there can be no "mental" 
 disease independent of ' ' organic. ' ' 
 
 Melancholia, hysteria, paranoia, delusional insanity, emotional insanity, 
 mania, hallucination, idiocy, etc., are all associated with and depend upon the 
 "organic" condition. 
 
 Improper action of the liver, where certain products are not manufactured 
 which should be, and other abnormal products become absorbed, hunger or 
 thirst, rich foods and highly seasoned, as well as various drinks, cause many 
 different mental variations, such as ill temper, disgusting habits, dissipation, 
 sensuality, immorality, lies, deceit, theft, murder, and all combinations of 
 these, with idleness, lethargy, crimes, cowardice, ingratitude, and so on. 
 
 To overcome or avert these evils, and to insure certain great advantages 
 connected with life, the Mind requires to be "educated," and the brain 
 stored with many "records." The processes of education, and storing the 
 brain with the records, are all performed by the use of the "special senses" — 
 and much expense, labor, and time are spent, very often with extremely 
 uncertain results. 
 
 The eye brings into the brain pictures, scenes, sizes, relations of things, 
 etc., and all of these come into the mind as "Colors." When the impress 
 on the brain has been taken cognizance of by "consciousness," the impression 
 becomes a "Memory." 
 
 The ear brings in the impressions of "sounds," and if the ear is sensi- 
 tive and highly developed, it is very surprising how many "memories" can 
 be recorded in the brain by this avenue. 
 
 "Touch," accompanied with the sense of feeling, has millions of sentinels 
 placed in the skin, and mucal orifices especially, to bring in information 
 concerning the nature of objects, — their temperature, sharpness, roughness, 
 weight, etc. — -and by practice the sense of touch is associated with the very 
 wonderful "reflex" educational system, by which the muscles can be educated 
 to act "automatically." 
 
 Taste, and Smell also, minister to education, and are associated with 
 "'records" formed in the brain. 
 
 There are countless billions of beings living which have not a trace of 
 special senses, yet they carry on the functions of life with great activity. 
 Special senses arc evolved gradually in the course of ages, and they have a 
 close relation to the intelligence of the being. They are like "roots" to the 
 tree of knowledge, whose branches, leaves, flowers, and fruit spring up, grow, 
 and elaborate as the brain is fed and supplied with the items of information 
 or nourishment from each of the five great roots. 
 
 It is often the case that the knowledge acquired by the special senses is 
 used to foster the "organic" desires, cravings, appotites. etc.; but wisdom 
 
IDS NEW SYSTEM OF PSYCHOLOGY 
 
 and knowledge may be of inestimable service in guarding and protecting the 
 body from injury, disease, and death. 
 
 It is evident from the nature of the function of the special senses, that the 
 degree of perfection of the education and knowledge depends upon the excel- 
 lence in development and the proper sequence of the groups of impulses 
 which are admitted to the brain by route of these avenues. 
 
 For this reason great care is exercised to bring the young through a 
 properly graded series of studies, — but such are not always the best for the 
 individual student, because they develop differently and have various talents, 
 for their brains possess greater development in some regions than in others. 
 
 The mental qualities of different persons are closely associated with the 
 variations existing amongst the different special senses belonging to each. 
 When one or more of the senses are absent, as in the deaf-mute, the mind can- 
 not become informed concerning sounds, and accordingly if the deaf-mute 
 makes sounds with the organs of speech, they are incoherent. If blind, the 
 mind cannot learn of colors, distances, and so on, except as informed by the 
 ear or other organs of sense. 
 
 It is possible that a Sixth sense may develop, — and in fact there are some 
 people now living w T ho can perceive the vibrations, or read the thoughts 
 which are passing through the. brain of another who is far away. 
 
 Zeno — With which do you include the '"brain," — with the special senses 
 or with the organic ? 
 
 Janus — The brain being the special instrument of the mind, and the 
 meeting place of all the different kinds of vibrations, and owing to its marvel- 
 ous power to receive, record, and reproduce the impressions which it has 
 received, as the exceedingly delicate and rapid ether vibrations agitate its 
 elements and form the highway between individuals; I believe it is better to 
 class the brain both as an "organ" and as belonging to the "special senses," 
 because it is immediately related to each. 
 
 Some animals possess very highly developed special senses, but have very 
 small brains, and even one special sense may constitute the chief or the most 
 distinctive cause for the kind of mentality they possess. 
 
 In all cases the intelligence depends upon the special senses and the brain. 
 If there is absence or deficiency in either, the mind lacks intelligence almost 
 in proportion. 
 
 It is due to the perfection of the records in the brain, and the definite 
 relation which these bear to one another, that we are able to remember, 
 reason, think, judge, etc. The brain of a well-bred, well-tutored, healthful, 
 mature man who has been pursuing mathematics, receives different kinds 
 of impressions from the man who had been a student of theology, and the 
 "records" produced in the brain are what makes the difference, other things 
 being equal. It is the same witli philosophers, lawyers, physicians, mechanics, 
 scientists, and all men. When we study, therefore, we are the "instruments" 
 
1I0\V MIND IS CONNECTED WITH BODY 109 
 
 of the currents which pass through the "records" in our brains, — whilst at 
 the same time we continue to make other records just as we acquire new 
 knowledge. 
 
 Zeno — You said that the special senses were like roots to the "tree of 
 knowledge," which become developed and elaborated as ideas and knowledge 
 spread out from what one has to new things which the mind is daily acquiring. 
 Do you not think that we also obtain knowledge from the Primordial, since 
 it is of such supreme importance in conveying thoughts, and really forming 
 the basis of the mind ; and is not the Primordial more like the root of the tree ? 
 
 Janus — The Primordial gives life, and quality, and supplies the energies. 
 and like "emotions" it moves to action, and as its attributes become manifest 
 in the lives of others they mould our own, — and as the white light from the 
 sun is divided into colors by the prism, so do our bodies and brains act upon 
 the inherent qualities of the Primordial ether vibrations and thus reveal the 
 character of the Primordial Power. — yet it is the trunk, the essence, the 
 substance of the tree itself rather than the "root" of the tree. It is that 
 upon which the entire structure depends, and renders it possible for either 
 root or branch, flower or fruit, to flourish, — it is the medium extending 
 between all brains, and the mighty ocean of "physiological" mind which 
 vitalizes the Cosmos, and makes it One. 
 
 When we mix up emotions, instincts, feelings, sympathies, loves, hates, 
 jealousies, fears, desires, — with reason, intelligence, memories, will, knowledge, 
 sensitivities, apprehension, appreciation, agitation, pain and pleasure, theism, 
 contemplation, esthetics, sensuousness, organic functioning, etc., with certain 
 pathological states and conditions, and attempt to explain hypnotism by way 
 of "suggestion," ecstasy as a kind of autohypnotism, — and attempt to form 
 classes of qualities of the mind (considered as an entity), without reference 
 to the Three distinct sources of the Mind, we become launched upon a sea of 
 mystery so deep and profound that the wisest men will never be able to fathom 
 and practically illumine. 
 
 The matter becomes immensely simplified when we recognize that the 
 different phases of the mind are due to the percentage of the different forces 
 present in the composition, and which of them are the most predominant, 
 acting as they must necessarily do upon the "instrument" — the brain, wherein 
 exist the mathematically accurate groups of ' ' records, ' ' under the universally 
 acting Primordial vibrations. Insects "inherit" their records, so do men, 
 but the brain of man is highly sensitive and capable of still further Evolution, 
 as it is subjected to new and further impulses. 
 
 If you will compare the different attributes of the mind you will find that- 
 one of them is above the other, and the relations are almost identical with 
 the colors of the "light spectrum." For instance, consider the attribute 
 "humility," — observe that it corresponds to the "red," being below the 
 others, and it naturally looks up to all the rest of the attributes as they mani- 
 
Ill) NEW SYSTEM OF PSYCHOLOGY ' 
 
 test in the mind of the benefactor, causing it to revere, love, serve, and 
 respect the other mind in which there is ' ' benevolence, " purity, love, charity, 
 etc. It is quite natural for one to be grateful to benefactors, who in this 
 comparison would accordingly be placed above on the scale, and perhaps be 
 properly represented by the "green." or middle color of the spectrum. Again, 
 •'charity" corresponds with the "violet" on the light spectrum, because it is 
 above all, even "love," as charity is the fruit of love. These and all the 
 others concord with affection, kindness, forgiveness, friendship, humanity, 
 truth, virtue, etc. 
 
 Even language attempts to express the relationship between the attributes 
 of the mind, but language is insufficient, because words indicate more definite 
 stages of the "colors," whereas the attributes shade off into each other so 
 gradually that definite limits made by words leave intervals which do not 
 exist. Words are resting places for thoughts, as it were, and indicate certain 
 phases of character capable of being separated. Such attributes pitched upon 
 the spectrum are derived from the Primordial. 
 
 Zeno — Where on the "mind spectrum" could you locate the "intellec- 
 tual"? I would think that the different grades of intellect would be more 
 properly represented by the "colors." 
 
 Janus — Upon the light spectrum, you will remember the Fraunhofer 
 lines. It is from these lines that astronomers, physicists, chemists, and scien- 
 tific analysts learn nearly all they know concerning the "environments" of 
 the earth, — these are the heavenly bodies. Their weight, composition, move- 
 ments, etc. 
 
 These lines are the glyphs which have been flashing their signals to earth 
 for all time, but which have but lately been discovered and their meaning 
 interpreted. 
 
 When scientists examine a spectrum which has been very greatly mag- 
 nified, by means of the modern powerful telescopes, and take photographs 
 of the lines which appear, they find that there are others still finer and finer, 
 which become visible as the spectrum is more magnified. Different gases, 
 such as that from iodine, exposed in the rays thus widely magnified it is 
 observed that the photo plates show special arrangement of the lines for each 
 kind of gas, and at different degrees of magnification. In less diffracted 
 spectra these very numerous lines would have appeared as One line, or 
 perhaps two. 
 
 Again, when the X ray light is skillfully used in examining the process 
 of crystallization, the ultimate system of the formation of the crystals can be 
 recognized by the 'radiation and polarization of light rays, and the direction 
 of the outlines of the primitive formation of the crystals can be recognized 
 in the bombardment of the atoms in the molecules. 
 
 I mention these things to draw your attention to the extreme delicacy of 
 Fraunhofer lines, and the extreme minuteness of the elementary forms of 
 
HOW MIND IS CONNECTED WITH BODY 1 I 1 
 
 matter, as well as the constant system followed by Nature in and amongst 
 these elementary forms. 
 
 By means of such knowledge we may learn to appreciate how inconceiv- 
 ably minute vibrations, acting upon the ultimate elements of Living cells in 
 the brain, can leave their impress, and in every respect correspond to Fraun- 
 hofer lines in the light spectrum. 
 
 Fraunhofer lines are " interference ' ' lines, caused by the presence of 
 gases in the atmosphere of the sun or star, — and by their interference they 
 prevent the white light of the carbon, of which the body of the sun is made, 
 from shining where the lines appear. 
 
 In a similar way, impulses, or rays, coming into the brain, ''interfere" 
 and by that interference give us knowledge of what caused them. Thus is 
 •'intellect" and knowledge obtained by way of the special senses — sounds, 
 sights, odors, tastes, feelings, leave interference impressions upon the Mind 
 spectrum; and as long as they remain, they are Memories. 
 
 Thus the great Living universe, like one immense sun, holds the same 
 relation to Mind as our own little sun does to Light. 
 
 The Living body and brain act as an instrument, to reproduce in another 
 mode of energy, Mind. 
 
 The Instrument does not create either the light spectrum or the Mind 
 spectrum, — yet it combines, amalgamates, diffracts, or otherwise modifies the 
 forces which come to and act upon it. 
 
CHAPTER 6. 
 
 EXTENSION. 
 
 1 Piato taught that there were Three forms of energies of the Soul 
 assigned to man : 
 
 (a) The Rational, which had its seat in the head, and this survived the 
 
 dissolution of the body. 
 
 (b) The Irascible, which had its seat in the heart, and was the spring 
 
 of activity and movement. 
 
 (c) The Concupiscible, which was the source of the grosser passions 
 
 and physical instincts, and which died with the bodily organs 
 with which it is united. 
 
 (2) Liebnitz revived the theory of Aristotle, who designated by Soul 
 as that which possessed in itself the principle of its own activity to accomplish 
 its proper end. 
 
 According to their philosophy, the universe is made up of Monads, or 
 forces, each active in itself, and tending by its activity to accomplish its 
 proper end. 
 
 They distinguished several kinds of Soul : 
 
 (a) The Nutritive, by which plants and animals have growtli and 
 
 reproduction. 
 
 (b) The Sensitive, which was the cause of sensation and feeling. 
 
 (c) The Motive, which had control of locomotion. 
 
 (d) Appetitive, which was the source of desire and will. 
 
 (e) Rational, which was the seat of reason and of intellect. 
 
 These powers existed entire in some beings, and in others there was only 
 one of them ; Man had all of them ; Brutes had some ; Plants only one. 
 
 (3) Among modern German philosophers, a distinction is made between 
 soul and Spirit. 
 
 Some of them claim that the Soul is the inferior part of our intellectual 
 nature ; and the Spirit is that part of our nature which tends to the purely 
 rational, the lofty and divine. 
 
 (4) Reid uses Soul as synonymous with Mind. He declared that there 
 is one internal principle, and this principle of thought, he calls the Mind 
 or Soul of man. 
 
 (5) In psychological inquiries, the term Mind is commonly employed 
 to denote that by which we feel, will, know, and reason ; or it is the principle 
 of Thought, and activity originating in the body as distinguished from that 
 originating in the Mind. 
 
 (6) In philosophic usage, Mind represents the spiritual principle or the 
 
 113 
 
1 14 tSTON-MATHEMATICAL SYSTEMS 
 
 power that originates rational exercise, which receives and interprets all 
 impressions passing into consciousness. Body represents all that belongs 
 to the human organism, and is interpreted by external observation, under 
 the conditions of chemical and mechanical laws. Soul was taken as the ordi- 
 nary expression of Mind. This use still lingers when reference is made to 
 the immortality of the soul. 
 
 (7) Plutarch said the Soul is the cause and beginning of Motion, and 
 Mind was used regarding the order and harmony with respect to motion. 
 
 (8) Materialism regards the soul as a function of the body. 
 
 (9) Monism regards the soul as one phase of "substance," of which 
 matter is the other. 
 
 (10) Idealism regards the soul as the existence, and not excluding 
 other finite souls, as Avell as the Divine Being. 
 
 (11) Christ made an emphatic distinction between Soul and Body, — 
 (Matthew 10-28). 
 
 (12) Paul distinguished the soul from both body and spirit. 
 
 (13) The soul is like the "species" and the "spirit" like the genus. 
 
 (14) In ancient Philosophy "spirit" w T as looked upon as an ethereal 
 and exceedingly attenuated invisible substance, of the nature of breath or air. 
 
 (15) Spiritualists believe that the spirits of the dead in various ways 
 communicate with and manifest their presence to man, usually through the 
 agency of a person called a Medium. 
 
 Modern Spiritualism is usually considered to have begun about 1848 in 
 the United States, and according to the belief and practices of its adherents, 
 the "communications" or "manifestations" from the "spirit world" take 
 place at "seances," and are in the form of "rappings," "spirit handwrit- 
 ing," etc. And in "dark seances," of partial or complete manifestations in 
 the flesh. 
 
 Spiritualism, grounded on consciousness, preserves equally, God, the 
 human person and externa and nature, without confounding them, and with- 
 out isolating the one from the other. 
 
 Spiritualism, whether based on reason, sentiment, or faith, teaches that 
 there are substances or beings, not cognizable by the senses and not revealable 
 through any of the properties of matter, and are therefore Spiritual, as 
 distinguished from Material. It is opposed to Materialism. By it also man 
 has an immortal spirit and holds moral relation to God as Spirit. A spiritual- 
 ist is one who believes that departed spirits communicate directly with men 
 through the agency of Mediums, and by various signs. One who professes 
 to hold intercourse with departed spirits. They maintain that man does not 
 consist of Mind alone, but he consists of "soul" and "body," 
 
 (16) Theosophy is a philosophy built on what is called "inspiration," 
 or "Divine Illumination." The inner revelation of the Divine is considered 
 even superior to the revelation of the Scriptures. 
 
VARIOUS THEORIES 1 1 O 
 
 Theosophists mix enthusiasm with observation. It is closely allied to 
 Mysticism. Such names as Paracelsus, Jacob Boehme, and Saint Martin, are 
 popular; whilst Valentin Weigelus, Fludd, and Van Helmon are more 
 philosophical in their doctrines. 
 
 Theosophy differs from philosophy in that it starts from a transcendental 
 apprehension of the Deity to explain the Universe, — but does not generalize 
 from the phenomena of the being and attributes of God. 
 
 It differs from Mysticism, in that it does not content itself with the rela- 
 tions of the soul to God, but speculates on the constitution and course of 
 nature. 
 
 As a frequently recurring tendency of the mind, especially among 
 Orientals, theosophy has appeared in many forms as in the speculations of 
 the old Egyptians and the New-Platonists, the Gnostics, also the Avators of 
 Brahamism, in Cabalism, and in the speculations of Schelling, Raader, 
 Swedenborg, etc. 
 
 It claims to embrace the essential truth underlying all systems of re- 
 ligions, philosophies, and sciences — the Universal religion. 
 
 Its doctrines may be embraced in (a) Underlying all manifestations is 
 the Infinite, eternal, immutable principle known only through its mani- 
 festations, spiritual and material; (b) A unity of consciousness and a unity 
 of law runs throughout the Universe, embracing the Physical, Psychic, 
 Mental, and Moral Planes; (c) The essential Divinity is in Pan, and the 
 progression of the Divine Ray proceeds through all the kingdoms up to man, 
 and beyond man as we know him up to beings of a GoD-like perfection. The 
 evolution taking place by means of successive re-imbodiments or reincarna- 
 tions, and according to the laws of cause and effect. 
 
 (17) Mysticism, the doctrine that man may attain to an immediate 
 direct consciousness of knowledge of God, as the real and absolute principle 
 of truth. 
 
 In Gnosiology is the doctrine that truth is attainable without the aid 
 of the senses, and the progress of thought and reason. 
 
 (18) Dogmatism claims the "a priori" knowledge. That is that certain 
 forms of knowledge exist prior to experience in logical order, — springing 
 from first truths, self evident and essential to intelligence, recognized inde- 
 pendent of experience; — or those elements of knowledge which are not 
 obtained "a posteriori," which are derived from experience. 
 
 This abstract reasoning from a given Notion to the conditions which such 
 a notion involved. 
 
 Or it might be said that there is Faith in the presumption of reason, or 
 ''a priori" principles assumed as a basis of philosophy or philosophic de- 
 ductions, without any adequate criticism or knowledge thereof. It is directly 
 opposed to critical dialectic and empiric methods. It maintains that knowl- 
 edge can be attained by the right use of our faculties. 
 
116 NON-MATHEMATICAL SYSTEMS 
 
 It is opposed to {Scepticism, which holds truth attainable by renouncing 
 reason: 
 
 (19) Christianity proclaims one God, and one Mediator between God 
 and Man. 
 
 (20) Brahamism teaches that there is a supreme soul in the universe, 
 self existent, and eternal, from which all things emanate and to which all 
 return. 
 
 Brahm, the Creator and ruler of the world, phenomenal god is in this 
 sense spoken of as the active creator, but he receives no worship. 
 
 The world is regarded as a whole and is worshipped in its various elements 
 and forms, as a manifestation of the one indivisible, eternal Brahm or abso- 
 lute being. 
 
 Brahm is the Supreme Creator, the first of the Hindu Triad. In these 
 three persons the one God is shown, each first, each last, not one alone, — 
 Siva, Vishu, Braham, each may be first, second, or third among the blessed 
 three. 
 
 (21) Buddhism is a mystic and ascetic religious faith, which originated 
 in northern Hindostan, as a reformation of Brahamism, or the old Hindu 
 Pantheism. 
 
 It is widely prevalent in central and southern Asia. 
 
 All Buddhists do not believe in a personal God, some hold that Buddhi, 
 or the principle of Divine intelligence has become incarnate in some illustrious 
 and holy men. 
 
 Their religion proposes a method of attaining to a state called Nirvana. 
 
 In the Buddhists' temples the doctrine of Gotana Budda are inculcated, 
 and an order of itinerant monks, under vows of celibacy and poverty, 
 exemplify and promote this faith. 
 
 Buddhism is considered an advanced improvement of Brahamism. It 
 adds that Braham is a proposed method of escape from perpetual round of 
 life and death into Nirvana, or the Buddhish perfect life of heaven. 
 
 Its central idea is the selfish salvation of the individual soul from the 
 rounds and changes of continued earthly existence by contemplation of truth 
 and good works. Death is its salvation, and personal annihilation its heaven. 
 
 Zeno — It is strange how so many very different kinds of branches have 
 sprung from the tree. One would naturally think they should be more nearly 
 alike, since there is but one kind of a body for all humans, and surely the 
 mind, soul, or spirit*, or what they might conclude to call it, must be associated 
 with the body of each in exactly the same manner. And we know very well 
 that "believing'- in one thing or another does not make the slightest dif- 
 ference to the truth of it. For instance, if one believes that the earth is flat or 
 square, that belief does not change the shape of the earth, which remains 
 as it is anyway. There is always the same relation existing between the 
 Governing power of the universe and man, no matter what any one believes 
 
VARIOUS THEORIES 1 1 / 
 
 concerning it, — the earth keeps flying through space at a terrific speed all 
 tlie time, always going somewhere but never getting there, it cannot get 
 near any other planet or sun, and if it did it would be utterly destroyed, and 
 it never loses any weight but rather increases by the addition of meteors. 
 We must all have been formed by the same process, and from the same 
 materials. — and it would seem to me that all must encounter a similar end, 
 if there ever could be any end of the evolving process. 
 
 Janus — It is all due to the direction of the growth of the branches of the 
 "tree of knowledge." and when we come to recognize that the Mind of man 
 arises from Three different sources, and the phases and phenomena of the 
 mind depend upon the relative proportion of the different series of forces 
 from these three sources and that the Resultant of the combination is what 
 constitutes what we recognize as Mind, there will be no further difficulty in 
 learning all about the Soul and Spirit and all the peculiarities presented 
 in the many and various manifestation of Mind force, and including what 
 we usually regard as different kinds of mind, — subconscious, — unconscious,— 
 objective, — instinct. — Primordial, — rational, — emotional. — hypnotic, — ec 
 static, etc. 
 
 When this is clearly understood there will be only One kind of religion, 
 and it will accordingly be founded upon that which can be demonstrated 
 to be true, and necessary, according to the known truths of experience and 
 science. Then, too, will there be peace and plenty, because the greatest of 
 all causes of enmity, and strife will dissolve and disappear, and the brother- 
 hood of man will be established upon the basis of understanding of the truth, 
 the world will be one grand country, from whose different States or coun- 
 tries representatives will meet as of one people under the banner of peace 
 and good will, because all the world shall know the time nature of the com- 
 bination of the body and mind, and it will not be necessary for the people 
 to be persuaded into Beliefs, which are too often associated with error, 
 skepticism, fanaticism, and superstition. 
 
 The widely diverging opinions entertained indicates that the location of 
 the divergence is at the very "root" of the tree, and that is exactly where 
 the Mind emerges from the "machine," the Body. 
 
OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 1. Every form of matter and every mode of energy which exists, does so 
 only in the Present. 
 
 2. The "present" existence of all matter, and the "present" action 
 of all forces in the universe, and the impossibility of anything that "exists," 
 or any force which "acts" in the present, existing or acting at the same 
 time in either the "past" or "future," establishes the "present" or immediate 
 relationship which exists between all matter and all energy. This same 
 '"present" relationship has evidently always been maintained, and must for- 
 ever continue. 
 
 3. The word "time," when not. qualified by some other word, is used 
 herein to mean the same thing as we usually apply to eternity, being of 
 infinite duration. 
 
 4. The "past" includes all extent of time up to the present, and the 
 ' ' future ' ' includes all beyond the present, yet the line of Time being infinite 
 in the length of its duration and continuous, it follows that the Past and 
 Future are equal to each other, and as the time line (eternity) is an infinity 
 of duration, unbroken, and indivisible, therefore the "present" must be but 
 a "point" in the line. 
 
 5. As far as Matter and Energy are concerned, there never was a past, 
 nor can there be a future, because they both always remain In the Present, 
 and as the past and future are continuous in the line Time, it follows that 
 "Present time" is but a Conception of the mind. 
 
 Our conception of Space is that of infinity also, yet the separation exist- 
 ing between the bodies of matter in space, even that of infinity, does not 
 remove any particle of matter, nor any mode of energy, from the present. 
 For instance : an undulation, or wave, is produced in the ether which fills 
 all space, let us say 100,000,000,000 miles distant from us, the head of the 
 wave approaching us continues to move in present time, all the way from 
 the point where it commenced until it reaches us, perhaps in about twenty 
 years from now. All subsequent vibrations originating at the same place 
 also continue to travel in the present time, and will also reach us strictly 
 in Present time. The same is true of all other vibrations from any source. 
 
 6. All real knowledge is based upon primary self-evident truths. 
 
 7. All truths in the universe agree with all other truths. 
 
 8. No mind can be Free to admit truth if swayed by Belief to any 
 degree. 
 
 9. The object of scii na is to find the truth, understand the relations 
 of things, and classify experiences. 
 
 119 
 
120 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 
 
 10. Philosophy should be based on self-evident truths, free from beliefs, 
 yet it should recognize all facts pertaining to any particular subject. 
 
 11. The discovery of a Natural Law is achieved hy Synthetic reasoning, 
 in which there must be a philosophic general survey of scientific discoveries. 
 A scientist, whose mind is principally occupied in one particular line of 
 investigation, is not liable to recognize a New natural law, until it has been 
 brought to his attention. 
 
 12. There is no way by which a natural law can be known, except 
 from the fact that the hypothesis purporting to be the natural law is suffi- 
 cient to explain, or account for, all known facts pertaining to its operation. 
 Hence as soon as new facts, or new phenomena are discovered, which the 
 hypothesis will not explain, then some other hypothesis should be sought 
 for which will explain all, or account for all. 
 
 13. Any hypothesis is useful in proportion to the number and importance 
 of the facts and phenomena which it will explain, and according to the self- 
 evident simplicity of the hypothesis. It is like a mathematical instrument, 
 by means of which certain facts pertaining to its operation can be tested. 
 
 14. All truths exist independent of man, who may discover, and apply, 
 but cannot generate them. They are, as it were, Outside of man, and might 
 be compared to the Light entering the mind by way of the understanding, 
 which, in turn, might be compared to the eye which admits the light. 
 
 15. Knowledge is truth which has reached the mind, by way of the under- 
 standing, and when knowledge is acquired it dispels the mystery connected 
 with "belief.' 7 
 
 16. ~Bclie~f is a conviction of truth on the part of the person entertaining 
 the belief, but is of such a nature that it cannot be proven, or, at least, has 
 not been proven up to the present, so far as the mind of the believer is 
 concerned. 
 
 17. When a belief is proven to be a truth, then it becomes Knowledge, 
 and is no longer a "belief," because it is knowledge, which does away with 
 the necessity of belief. Belief leaves one in some degree of darkness, but 
 knowledge implies understanding of the "light of truth,'' and is such that 
 it can be proven by the power of reason. 
 
 18. If the earth be compared to a "garden/' the Life which animates 
 each person is like a Tree, set in the midst of the garden, because each living 
 being occupies a position in the center of all others, which are distributed 
 about it, as from a center. 
 
 The energies of the "life tree" permeate trunk and limb completely, and 
 although we may with advantage protect it, and supply its needs, we may 
 Liot in any way detract, abort, or frustrate its energies — "Lest ye die." 
 
 19. From the "living tree" grows another, the "Tree of Knowledge," 
 which, like the former, is set in the midst of the garden; it grows, ramifies 
 into branches, with b * association of ideas," brings forth its leaves, flowers 
 
BELIEF, KNOWLEDGE AND TRUTH 121 
 
 and fruit, by the energies of what we call the Mind. This tree may also 
 be guarded, fostered and supplied with that which is beneficial for it, favor- 
 ing its growth, power and resources, as well as its utility, and from it we 
 may sometimes pluck such fruits as good works, benevolences, charities, love, 
 kindnesses, humanity, whilst it bows its venerable head with humility, rev- 
 erence and respect. Or its growth and powers of production may be blighted 
 by outside influences, deceit, fraud, sensuality, idleness, immorality, etc., 
 or choked with noxious foul environments, and its fruit become pernicious 
 and injurious to both Life and Mind. 
 
 20. Ether is the tetm used to designate that imponderable essence which 
 pervades all space. Its infinite stores of energies are conveyed throughout 
 all space' by means of undulations, or vibrations, whose amplitude and rapid- 
 ity vary from the zero to infinity. These vibrations or waves of ether are 
 produced by the impulses which it receives from the impact of the elements 
 and bodies of matter which impinge upon it. 
 
 By virtue of its perfect continuity and extreme rarity, ether penetrates 
 throughout, all bodies and forms of matter; hence every cell in the brain, 
 with its millions of molecules, atoms and electrons, is, as it w T ere, enveloped, 
 permeated and completely saturated with the ether. From its nature, ener- 
 gies and movements, and the rapid motion of the earth, we will find ample 
 cause for both life and mind. 
 
 21. Once it was contended that the mind could not act where it was not 
 present, and that, consequently, it cannot be said to perceive external objects 
 themselves, but only their images, forms or sensible species, presented to it 
 in the same manner in which images are formed in the camera obscura. 
 By the internal functions of mind these sensible species were then supposed 
 to be refined into phantasms, objects of memory and imaginations, etc., and 
 these again, after undergoing further processes, became intelligible, and 
 objects of pure intellect. Bishop Berkley maintained that "as the mind 
 cmu perceive nothing but its own impressions or images, we therefore derive 
 no evidence from our senses of the existence of the external world." Hume 
 maintained that "we have little proof of the existence of mind, and that 
 nothing exists in the universe except impressions and ideas." The term 
 Egoist was applied to some of the followers of Descartes, who concluded, 
 from his doubt, that no man can have full assurance of anything but his 
 own individual existence. 
 
 Such doctrines were combated and exposed on the principle that they 
 were mere fictions of philosophy, and that a confidence in the information 
 conveyed to us by our senses must be considered as a first truth, or a funda- 
 mental law of our nature susceptible to no explanation, and admitting of 
 no other evidence than that which is derived from the universal conviction 
 of mankind. 
 
122 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPIiES 
 
 The philosophers, who supported the theory, showed the same confidence 
 in the evidence of their senses as other men did. 
 
 Nearly all philosophers, from Plato to Hume, agreed in maintaining that 
 the mind does not perceive external things themselves, but only their images, 
 ideas or species. This doctrine was founded upon the maxim that the mind 
 cannot act where it is not present. 
 
 One writer, admitting the maxim, maintained that the mind, in perceiving 
 external things, leaves the body and comes into contact with the objects of its 
 perception. 
 
 Speculations have been made that an essence existed, of which some sup- 
 posed the mind was composed. The manner in which thought was produced 
 and the means by which intercourse is carried on between minds, and between 
 the mind and external objects, were supposed to be explained by this essence, 
 called "animal spirits," w T hich, being in constant motion, performed the 
 office of messengers between the brain and the organs of sense. 
 
 Others explained the mind upon their theory of a nervous fluid, by vibra- 
 tions of nerves, or by a subtle essence resembling electricity or galvanism. 
 
 The mind has been compared to a camera obscura, to a mirror, and to a 
 storehouse. 
 
 The mind is like nothing else in nature, and is likely to suffer by com- 
 parison with other things, and it becomes evident, from the great variety of 
 opinions and beliefs, which have during all time been entertained, that no 
 fixed and definite explanation, which has been given, has been sufficient to 
 satisfy the human sense of correctness; but that is no reason why we should 
 not continue to try to discover the correct explanation thereof. 
 
CHAPTER 7. 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 1. The Great Divide refers to the "present," which is conceived of as 
 dividing the "past" from the "future." 
 
 2. The Tripod is a term used to express the combination of the Three 
 feet or legs, each of which represents a separate series of forces, which 
 assemble at the brain principally, and by their combination become manifest 
 as mind, which latter is therefore a Resultant of the combined forces. 
 
 3. Time, as used in this work, implies "eternity," being of infinite 
 duration, yet appealing to our conception as if composed of "past," "pres- 
 ent" and "future." 
 
 4. Time Measure is a straight hypothetical instrument, of infinite length, 
 but of any lateral or transverse thickness. This hypothetical measure is 
 divided into two equal parts by the conception of "present time," which 
 always divides the "past" from the "future." 
 
 5. Mind, the resultant of the combination of certain forces, which have 
 been mingled together, and modified as they have passed through the "instru- 
 ment," and varying as the respective forces vary, and also by the quality 
 of the living machine through which the forces pass. 
 
 6. Objective Mind is the conscious mind which is associated with an 
 "object" or concept. Its goal is success and happiness; it "faces the future," 
 and involves all Three sets of forces, its subjective origin in the brain 
 being the focal center of consciousness, from which thought arises. 
 
 7. Subjective, Subconscious, Subliminal, Unconscious Mind are terms 
 used heterogeneously, to imply the combinations of "mind forces," inde- 
 pendent of the immediate action of the "special senses." 
 
 This phase of Mind is much better recognized when the "organic" set of 
 forces are very weak, such as results from prolonged fasting, and some kinds 
 of sickness; and is practically independent of the "focal center" of con- 
 sciousness in the brain; and it is produced by Primordial forces passing 
 through the "records" in the brain. 
 
 8. Primordial Mind, that which belongs to the forces of the universe, 
 and becomes manifest in individuals as the "subconscious" or " subliminal " 
 mind. 
 
 9. Hypnotic Mind "faces the past" and is caused by the attention being 
 centered upon the last impression made upon the conscious brain; it is 
 deprived of its "future" side association of ideas; for this reason the subject 
 is unable to make direct connection between the "New truth" last implanted 
 in his brain "records" and what he had previously learned. 
 
 10. Light, that form of radiant energy conveyed by the undulations of 
 
 123 
 
124 THE GREAT DIVIDE AND THE TRIPOD 
 
 ether, which, after impinging upon the retina and passing as impulses to 
 the brain, becomes manifest to consciousness as "color." 
 
 The same undulations, acting upon a plant, for instance, do not produce 
 Light to the plant, any more than they would to a blind person. Light is 
 therefore a subjective mental sensation. 
 
 11. Primordial Vibrations are the infinite number and variety of waves 
 or undulations constantly present in the ether of all space, and conveying 
 radiant energy in every direction. They are practically independent of 
 our own sun and solar system, although the latter have immediate relation 
 to life and being. 
 
 Primordial vibrations furnish the basic element in the Mind; produce 
 the "subjective" or "subconscious" mind by acting upon and passing the 
 "brain-records"; and forrn the medium for the distribution of the Primordial 
 mind, appreciated as that of the Creator. 
 
 Solar Molecule, the group of more or less independent separate bodies, 
 yet moving in space as a group or system, like our "solar system," and 
 having a sun, a star, or one of the "dark bodies" (which correspond to a 
 sun cooled down) as the central or positive element of each "solar molecule," 
 about which a variable number of planets, moons, comets and satellites 
 revolve. The Solar Molecule pursues some orbit of its own. The universe 
 might be regarded as One organized Being, formed of "solar molecules," 
 in a manner similar to the way in which all known substances are composed 
 of molecules, in which the "negative electrons" or "corpuscles" correspond 
 to elements; and the moons, planets, satellites correspond to the separate 
 "atoms" in the molecule. 
 
 12. Brain-Tent, an imaginary tent-shaped arrangement of the cells of 
 the brain, in order to illustrate how the "ether currents" focalize to the 
 "conscious center," or "Inside focus," in contrast with the Outside focus, 
 which is the object of thought in the conscious mind. 
 
 13. Big Wheel, a hypothetical vertical plane, represents the Present, 
 and extends entirely across all space ; it runs at right angles to the Time 
 Line, and includes all things which do exist, in their location as regards 
 Time. 
 
 14. Present Time is a mental conception of the relativity of events, 
 and does not exist as an entity, any more than a mental impression of sound 
 exists as an entity. It is as universal as Space is, and neither Matter nor 
 Force of any kind ever existed or operated in any other but the Present 
 Time, and never can. The Universe of elements and energies are Omni- 
 present. 
 
 15. Light Spectrum, or spectrum of light, like the rainbow, consists of 
 seven principal colors, which grade into each other, or are not separated 
 by very distinct divisions. It is formed from the "light" producing rays 
 from the sun or star by separating them with a prism, and having the 
 
TERMS USED 125 
 
 reflected "colors" projected against a curtain or reflector of some kind. 
 The light spectrum is interrupted by very narrow dark transverse lines — 
 Fraunhofer lines — caused by the presence of metallic vapors in the gaseous 
 envelope of the sun, etc. 
 
 16. Mind Spectrum consists of the attributes of Mind, derived from 
 Primordial vibrations, which belong to the universe, and more or less reflected 
 by the '"face and features." The ''instrument," corresponding to the 
 "prism," is the living being, especially the brain. 
 
 Information, which is derived from the "special senses," leaving certain 
 •"records" in the brain, being the source of the "Fraunhofer" lines in 
 the "mind spectrum." 
 
 -FINIS-