Class Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSn* A GUIDES^ ^ TO AND By Daniel Murphy. J. W. RANDOLPH & ENGLISH : Nos. 1302 and iSOJc Main Street, Richmond, Virginia. 18 8 1. Cppyriglited 1881 by Daniel Murphy. RICHMOND, YA A GUIDE TO AND Description of its Princioal Places AND OBJECTS OF INTEREST. By Daniel l^RJ^¥0§^^f^^^ ■ :;^ TO :> 1 \\ \ J. W. RANDOLPH & ENGLISH: -<0^; Nos. 1302 and 130-4 Main Street, Richmond, Virginia. 18 8 1. Kv' ■: n^Mcf .::;^3=f»="^=- jfc--->s>iJ#3iS»- The State Capitol. G-TJiiDE :bo(d:k:. Richmond : Situated on the James river, at the head of navi- gation, in Henrico county, 120 miles from the open sea and about 90 miles from Hampton Roads, is the county seat, and also the capital of the State of Virginia. It is approached, in addition to the river course, by several important railroads — namely ; Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, from the North ; Richmond and Petersburg Rail- road, from the South ; Chesapeake and Ohio, and Richmond and Alleghany, from the West ; Rich- mond and York River Railroad, from the East ; and Richmond and Danville Railroad, from the South- west. The city is remarkably healthy and exempt from malarial and climatic diseases. Its eleva. tioa above the level of the sea is 211 feet at the highest point in the city — corner of Lombardy and Hanover streets. Latitude, 37 deg., 32 min., and 17 seconds, north; longitude, 77 deg., 27 minutes, and 28 seconds, west. Being built upon several hills, nature provides ample drainage. Copious rains v/ash the streets as 4 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. clean as if they had been swept and scrubbed by the hand of man. Nevertheless, sewers are con- structed in the .principal streets, after the latest and most approved plans. Early History. The origin of the city is succinctly given in the following few lines from the " Westover Manu- scripts," written by Col. William Byrd of Westover, in 1733, by whom it was founded : " Sept. 19, 1733. — When we got home we laid the foundation of two large cities, one at Shacco's, to be called Richmond, and the other at the falls of Appo- mattox river, to be named Petersburg. These Maj. Mayo offered to lay out into lots without fee or re- ward. The truth of it is, these two places being the uppermost landing of James and Appomattox riv- ers, are naturally intended for marts where the traffic ©f the outer inhabitants must centre. Thus we did not build castles only, but also cities in the air." "An act estabhshing the town oi Richmond, in the county of Henrico, and allowing Fairs to be held therein, on the lands of Wm. Byrd, Esq., at the Falls of James river," was passed by the As- sembly of Virginia in the year 1742. At that time nearly all that portion of the city west of Shockoe's creek was Httle else than rugged hills and forests. " An act for the removal of the seat of govern- ment " to the town of Richmond, was passed in RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, 5 1779. By a section in this law its limits were en- larged by the addition of two hundred lots, or one hundred acres. The Capitol was located on Shockoe Hill in pur- suance of an act passed in 1780, entitled "an act for locating the public squares, to enlarge the town, and for other purposes;" also Halls of Justice, State House for Executive Boards, and a house for the Governor. By the same act a Public Market below the hill, on the same side of the creek, was authorized to be located. This is what is novv^ called the Oid or First Market. Manufactures. The profits realized by manufacturers during the past two years have been generally satisfactory, so much so that increased capital is being invested, and preparations are being made for the enlargement of various mechanical industries. During 1880, ac- cording to the statistics in the New Year's edition of the Richmond Dispatch, 137 new manufacturing establishments were put in operation, making the whole number at the commencement of 1881, 702. The comparatively low price of money and the great demand for their products induced them to employ $1,869,724 more capital, increasing the total capital invested in manufactories to $8,692,- 626. These busy workshops have given steady 6 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. employment to 16.932 hands, being 2,739 i^'ore than in 1879. The sales of 1880 amounted to $24,704,892, an increase of $1,218,243 over the previous year. Most of the manufacturers are generally full of orders, and a constant extension of trade is being pushed in every direction. New enterprises in the industrial arts spring up on all sides, and the future has a bright and cheerful prospect of still greater progress. The remunerative returns to capital thus employed, the large amount of surplus money seek- ing investment, the extension of trade relations by the improved facilities furnished in extensive rail- road connections south and west, and the develop- ment of the inexhaustible mineral wealth of the James River Valley on the completion of the Rich- mond and Alleghany Railroad, are the favorable conditions which combine for building up here in the early future a great manufacturing centre. Energetic and enterprising men should hasten to take advantage of them and reap the golden har- vest in store for well-directed labor in this depart- ment. As a shipping point R.ichmond has few equals as an inland city. Wages of employes generally are satisfactory, and the number of hands unemiployed is smaller than at any previous period since the war. Gocd me- chanics find situations without difnculty. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 7 The manufacture of Tobacco, in various forPxis, is the chief industry of Richmond, and chewing tobacco is perhaps more largely manufactured here than in any other city of the world. The total stamp tax on tobacco, cigars and cigarettes for the year 1880 amounted to $1,984,838.68. Number of pounds manufactured in 1880 for export, 3,900,- 000; cigars, 64,300; cigarettes, 19,280,000. The number of establishments is 87. The modes of manufacturing and transporting tobacco have changed very much since the early part of the cen- tury, when the cask containing it was actually rolled to market on its own periphery, through mud and stream. A long wooden spike driven into the cen- tre of each end, and projecting a few inches be- yond it, served for an axletree, a split sapling was fitted to it for shafts, and extended in rear of the cask, they were there connected by a hickory withe; a few slabs were nailed to these, in front of the cask, forming a sort of foot-board, or box, in which were stowed a middling or two of bacon, a bag of meal, a frying-pan, a hoe, an axe and a blanket, for the bipeds ; the whole covered to some height with fodder for the quadrupeds. Strangers will find a visit to the tobacco factories, where thousands of the " nation's wards " are en- gaged in manipulating the w^eed, to be of pleasure- able interest, and will v/ell repay the trouble. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, I o '>>" oo *» 06 ir; 00 t-'t-^i-Tc; aTi-T-^oc'irrao r-T r-^ •'' i-^ cc' (>» O ^ co Ice C^*^r-I n^Jr t- '-* O:?5ooirsi— -f"C^00to3;.?irHo*r-i CO ^ri— i-j*."'^ "*cc!M c^ji— ( ^cQt— ■n'cc'r* I— 1( •sjaaiu.qs^ 'c cc -t = .D .^ tt -sa JO -OK '■: to >» — >« r-( CO o 10 - I— I O o < gs PI S it ^ ^'S _ fs e i^' "^ S o !h 59 « ■::! .« «3 53— •_ bp"E o RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. ec <" rH CO )OOli^C'00000'^OOOOOSl0 1C5 00000 > r-T -^^ oo * r~- l- COCOt-rHCOritlMlMi-'OSOS i— 1 (M ^5S CO i-i" i-H I-I t-< oo ■* 50 oo" lOOi^OOtOOlOMiftl-COi— l3Mr200li:5l~COC0355D-tl'.'r-H«0 ■^r^lO-^SD-^O^TfC^ OCl(?»t-I— I I— Ir— lOOM (J4(M lo a* iH iH a'hich it is distributed to the city through an upper and lower system of service pipes. Seven breast-wheels, each operating one pump, one Jouval Turbine wheel ope- rating two pumps, and a small Guild & Garrison steam pump, furnish a maximum pumpage of 7,500,000 gallons water daily. Two reservoirs — one of about 8,000,000 gallons capacity, 170 feet above the pumps and 211 feet above mean tide. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 11 the other of 40,000,000 gallons capacity, 207 feet above the pumps and 247 feet above tide — divide the distribution, supplying about 6,000,000 gallons daily to a population of 65,000. The city is now constructing water power pumps of greater capaci- ty above the city, at the upper end of the first 84- feet fall, which will utilize the power from the next fall above. These works will, without diminishing the available water power below, furnish a daily pumpage of 12,000,000 gallons, and enable an ad- ditional pumpage of 18,000,000 to be made from the same works in the future by introducing more machiner}^ Population. In 1800, the population was 5,737; in [820, 12,- 607; in 1840, 21,000; in i860, 37,910; in 1870, 51,000; in 1880, 65,000. For the cultivation and refinement of its society, together with the generous and cordial hospitality of its inhabitants generally, no city can lay claim stronger than Richmond. The Capitol Is located on what might be called the brov/ of Shockoe Hill, surrounded by a beautiful park, con- taining four fountains, and other objects of interest. Squirrels — which are quite tame and readily ap- proach the passers-by and even jump upon them 12 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, in quest of nuts, frequently given to them by those who habitually pass through the grounds — birds, etc., excite a pleasing interest to visitors. The grounds are between Ninth and Thirteenth streets, on the west and east, and Capitol and Bank streets on the north and south. The building is fashioned after the celebrated Maison Carree of Nismes, in France, with slight variation, selected by Thos. Jef- ferson. It was completed in 1792, and the descrip- tion given of it by those who saw it during its early years is far from flattering. It was rough and un- sightly, and was not stuccoed and otherwise put in its present condition till long afterwards. The front bears a striking resemblance in architecture to the beautiful church of La Madeleine, in Paris. Foundation laid August 18, 1785. The Basement is used for the accommodation of the First and Second Auditors, State Treasurer, Register of the Land Office, Capitol Engineer, Janitor, &c. The Rotunda, on the floor above the basement, contains Houdon's Statue of George Washington, universally conceded to be the finest likeness ex- tant of the Father of His Country. In pursuance of an order of the General Assembly, shortly after the Revolution, it was made at Paris under the su- pervision of Thomas Jefferson. The costume is the old Continental uniform of '76. On the pe- RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 13- destal is the following inscription, written by James Madison : GEORGE WASHINGTON. The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia have caused this statue to be erected as a monument of affection and gratitude to George Washington ; who, uniting to the endowments of the HERO the virtues of the patriot, and exerting both in establishing the liberties of his country, has rendered his name dear to his fellow-citizens, and has given the world an immortal example of true glory. Done in the year of Christ, one thou- sand seven hundred and eighty-eight, and in tlie year of the Commonwealth the twelfth. A bust of Lafayette, by Houdon, may also be seen here. The Halls of the General Assembly are ap- proached from this rotunda, that of the House of Delegates being on the north and the Senate on the south. Portraits of many distinguished Virginians of the past adorn their walls. In the Hall of the House of Delegates is the Speaker's Chair used in the Colonial House of Burgesses, once ornamented with the royal arms of England, and now occupied by the Speaker of the House of Delegates. The Congress of the Confederate States met for several years during the war in this building. On the floor above the rotunda are located the offices of the Governor, Secretary of the Com- 14 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. monwealth, Adjutant General, Superintendent of Public Printing, and the Superintendent of Public Instruction ; also the State Library. An appalling disaster happened in the Capitol building on the 27th of April, 1870, caused by the falling through of the floor in the room occupied by the Court of Appeals of Virginia, resulting in the death of sixty-five and wounding of two hun dred persons, among them some of the niost promi- nent citizens of the State and city. From the dome of the Capitol one of the most enchanting views may be enjoyed of the country for miles around. It will well repay the trouble of ascending. The Washington Monument. One of the most interesting objects in the Capi- tol grounds is the Washington Monument, sur- mounted by an immense equestrian statue of the Father of His Country. It was erected in com- pliance with an act of Assembly passed February 22, 1849, during the Gubernatorial term of John B. Floyd. It is surrounded on pedestals below by statues of Jefferson, Henry, Mason, Marshall, Lewis, and Nelson. The corner-stone was laid on the 22nd of February, 1850. The design was by Thomas Crawford, of Rome, to whom the premium of $500 for the best model was awarded. Craw- ford dying in London before the finishing of the RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 15 work, a contract was entered into with Randolph Rogers, of New York, for its completion. The allegorical figures were not all received and placed in position until 1868, when the monument was completed. They represent respectively Finance, Colonial Times, Justice, Revolution, Indepen- dence, Bill of Rights. Statue of Stonewall Jackson. A few feet north of the Capitol, on a base of beautiful granite, stands a bronze statue of the immortal Stonewall Jackson. It is after a model by Foley, and was presented to the State by an association of Englishmen. Statue of Henry Clay. A marble statue of the " Sage of Ashland " stands a short distance west of the Capitol. It is somewhat mutilated, two of the fingers of the right hand having been broken off by thoughtless per- sons shortly. after the fall of Richmond. The Governor's House Is on the northeast corner of the Capitol Square. It is not pretentious, and would readily be taken, if situated elsewhere, as the residence of an ordinary citizen in comfortable circumstances. The house preceding the present one was a small framed building of two stories, v/hich, according to a his- IC RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. torian, was destitute of paint for many 3'ears, and everything therein was in keeping with the repub- lican simplicity of the times. It was occupied during its existence by Henry, Jefferson, Monroe, and Page. The Old Bell-House, Situated on the western side of the grounds, on Ninth street, was used for many years as a guard- house by the State Guard. In the tower was a large and sonorous bell, which was wont to awaken the slumbering citizens and summon the firemen to their duty in times gone by whenever a fire oc- curred. It was also used as the principal time- bell of the city. It is now deserted, and remains but a dilapidated monument to its former glory. The Jeff. Davis Mansion. The large, palatial residence at the southeast corner of Clay and Twelfth streets, erected about fifty years ago by Dr. John Brockenbrough, became famous as the residence of the President of the Confederate States. It was the White House of the Confederacy, where the fair and the brave of the Sunny South mingled in pleasant concourse during the stirring times of war. Little Joe Davis, son of Jefferson Davis, lost his life by falling from the rear porch of this house during their occupancy of it. "A o m (—1 P^ F^ t>^ pq pq (—1 a RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 17 When Richmond had been selected as the seat of government by the Confederate States, the City Council purchased the property with the view of presenting it to Mr. Davis as a gift, but he posi- tively refused to receive it. He consented, how- ever, to occupy it free of rent. On the evacuation of Richmond, April 3d, 1865, it was taken posses- sion of by the Federal troops, and was subsequent- ly occupied as headquarters by the different military commanders under whom the District of Virginia was placed up to the year 1870, when the troops were finally withdrawn and the military grip loos- ened. The Military Prisons still keep their hold upon the curiosity and interest of visitors from the North. The first quarters se- lected as a prison becoming insecure and too small by reason of the rapid increase of prisoners, it was decided to take what was afterwards called Libby Frison, a commodious brick building at the corner of Gary and Twentieth streets. It was occupied as a ship chandlery by Mr. Luther Libby for many years previous to the war. From the summer of i86t to the close of the war many thousands of Union soldiers were confined within its walls, at times being filled to its utmost capacity. A very remarkable incident in connection with the prison is the escape of Col. Streight and about sixty 2 18 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. companions, who burrowed under the street, with no other instruments than forks, until they reached a vacant lot opposite, and without waiting to fold their tents stole silently away under cover of a dark and stormy night. They remained in the city sev- eral days in the houses of their friends, and finally succeeded in getting beyond the hues, after many privations and hardships. The next in importance is Castle Thunder^ which was located on the north side of Gary street, between Eighteenth and Nine- teenth streets, but was destroyed by fire recently. In this prison were confined spies, deserters and persons of doubtful loyalty. Captain Alexander dispensed the hospitalities of the establishment. Castle Lightning, on Lumpkin's alley, between Broad and Frankhn and Mayo and Sixteenth sts., used before the war as a prison for slaves, was, during the first year of the war, a receptacle for State prisoners. John Minor Botts, Franklin Stearns, Burnham Wardwell, and other Virginian Union men were held in durance vile behind its bars and bolts. Belle Isle, an island of the James river, near the Tredegar Iron works, was used as a prison camp during the war. Being surrounded by water and a strong current, it was deemed a very secure place for the purpose. Nevertheless, an attempt at es- RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 19 cape was made by some of the prisoners one night, which resulted in the shooting and drowning of many and the recapture of the others. The best view of it can be obtained from Gamble's HilL The Soldiers' Hojiie^ a large building at the south- west corner of Seventh and Gary streets, formerly used as a tobacco factory, was put into service as a sort of resting place or rendezvous for soldiers on the way to their commands, as well as a place of confinement for stragglers and luckless citizens with- out their passports of freedom. It v/as under the charge of Lieut. Benjamin Bates, of Richmond.- Public Parks. The principal one of the city, and most central,, is that surrounding the Capitol, and known as the Gapitol square. When first laid off and rescued from the chaos of its primitive ruggedness, the trees were arranged in straight lines, and flights of stone steps invited the pedestrian up or down its precipi- tate heights. Since those days its topography has been changed to a gracefully undulating surface, with serpentine walks leading hither and thither, and no where in particular, and the trees dispersed in rather more of the forest nature. Handsome parterres, shrubbery, fountains, statues, &c., have been added from time to time, till now it may be considered one of the prettiest of its size in the country. The 20 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. grave and the gay, the old and the young delight to while away the summer evenings in this Bois de Boulogne of the Virginia capital. The next in size and importance is Monroe Park, in the western part of the city, between Main and FrankUn, in the centre of a fashionable and refined neighborhood, which can be reached by means of the street cars. A bronze copy of Houdon's statue of Washington, by Hubard, is one of the attractions of this park. Marshall Pa/'k, on Libby's Hill, near Twenty- seventh street, between Main and Franklin, is a very pleasant spot, and affords a remarkably fine view of the river and surrounding country for many miles in different directions. It is designed to place here a statue of General R. E. Lee. City Spring Park, beyond Leigh street, between Seventh and Eighth, is the second oldest, and con- tains a bold spring of excellent chalybeate water. The armory of the Richmond Howitzers stands on the Eighth street side. Ga7nble's Hill has recently been added to the public grounds of the city. It is handsomely laid off in terraces, with walks and drives, and a suffi- ciency of shade trees and seats. Magnificent views are presented of the river, falls and country for miles, as well as a good portion of the city. It can be reached by way of Third or Fourth streets. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 21 Reservoir Park, the grounds of the new city re- servoir, is located on the western outskirts, and for natural and artistic beauty is equal to any. It is the resort of the elite and fashion of the city, be- ing the terminus of one of our principal drives. Chimborazo Heights is in the extreme eastern Hmits. It was once a noted duelling ground. Im- mediately after the war it became a negro settlement, the Confederate hospital buildings there having been allotted by the Federal authorities to the horde of negroes who gathered here at that time from the ad- jacent country. Gen. Lee's Residence. No. 707 Franklin street, between Seventh and Eighth streets, on the second block west of Capi- tol Square, is the house that was occupied by Gen, Robert E. Lee and family during the war between the States. St. Paul's Episcopal Church Is located on the southwest corner of Grace and Ninth streets. Rev. Charles Minnegerode, D. D., Rector. Jefferson Davis and General Lee were regular attendants at divine service in this church. It was here that Mr. Davis was apprised of the fact that the worst had come, when on Sunday, the 2nd of April, 1865, the sexton handed him a telegram from General Lee stating that Petersburg had sue- 22 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. Climbed to the overpowering strength of the Union troops, and that Richmond must consequently be evacuated. Soon after daylight the next day the Union soldiers marched in and took possession ot the city, a large portion of vv'hich was then in flames. Number of Vehicles. Richmond possesses a greater number of vehi- cles, both private and business, in proportion to its population, than perhaps any other city in the Union. The number reaches 2,725, an average of one to every twenty-four of its inhabitants. POSTOFFICE AND CuSTOM HoUSE. The large granite structure on Main street, run- ning back to Bank street, between Tenth and Elev- enth streets, with entrances on both Main and Bank, is the Postoftice and Custom House. The first floor on Main street is used as the postoffice. Dr. George K. Gilmer, Postmaster; Maj. Robert Car- ruthers. Assistant Postmaster; John Graeme, Esq., General Business. The first floor on Bank street (or second floor of building) is occupied by the Col- lector, Assessor and Supervisor of Internal Reve- nue, Collector of Customs, and U. S. District At- torney. Third floor — U. S. Court room and offices of the Judges, Marshal and Clerks. Fourth floor — ^jury rooms. Being fire-proof, it survived the con- flagration on the day of the evacuation of Rich- RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 23 mond, in April, 1865, while nearly all other houses in the neighborhood were consumed. During the war, it was occupied by the Treasury department of the Confederate States. President Davis had his office in the third story. It was completed in 1855, under the supervision of Henry K. Exall, Esq., architect, of this city. Monumental Church. This (Episcopal) church marks the spot where perished, on the night of December 26th, 181 1, sixty or more ladies and gentlemen, many of them of old and prominent Virginian families, by the burning of the Richmond Theatre, among whom were George W. Smith, Governor of the State, A* B. Venable, President of the Bank, and Benjamin Botts and wife, parents of the late John Minor Botts. The building contained at the time about six hundred persons, and took fire shortly before the performance was to have closed. The house was like a tinder-box. Attacking first the scenery and stage trappings, the fire soon reduced it to ashes. A marble cenotaph in the portico records the names of the victims of the unfortunate catas- trophe, and such of the remains as were recovered repose beneath it. Medical College of Virginia. Not far from the Monumental Church, on the 24 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. corner of College and Marshall streets, is located the Medical College of Virginia, built in the Egyp- tian style of architecture. It was established in 1838 as a department of Hampden Sydney College* Adjoining is the Retreat for the Sick, under the management of a board of 45 ladies of different religious denominations. The old Stone House, on the north side of Main, between 19th and 20th streets, is the oldest dwelling house in Richmond. It was built by a German settler named Jacob Ege^ in whose family its possession remained for some six generations. President Monroe, when at school, boarded therein ; it was then considered equal to the present estimation of a brown-stone front. Wash- ington, Jefferson, Madison, Lafayette and Patrick Henry have honored it with their presence. Wash- ington is said to have had his headquarters here for a while during the Revolution. Negro Jau^s and Auction Houses. In ante-bellum days jails and auction houses for the confinement and sale of slaves were situated on Franklin street, near 15th or Wall street, and in Lumpkin's alley, between Broad and FrankHn streets. The most prominent of these was Lump- RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 25 kin's, located on the alley of that name, built by Bacon Tait in 1825, and used for this purpose until the close of the war. The City Alms- House Is situated on a beautiful eminence at the extreme northern end of Second street, near the Shockoe Hill Cemetery. It is one of the handsomest edi- fices in the city, and under the splendid manage- ment of its Superintendent, Capt. Charles P. Big- ger, is conceded by all visitors to be the best kept house of the kind in existence. The colored alms-house is near by, and is a mo- del of neatness, under the supervision of Wm. Jas. Epps, Esq. Richmond Theatre, Corner of Seventh and Broad streets. Its exterior is of a very simple order, but the interior is hand- some and cosy, and will compare favorably with any of its size in the country. It was originally desig- nated the "Marshall Theatre", in honor of Chief Justice Marshall; was erected in 181 7, burnt in 1863, and rebuilt soon after. Joe Jefferson played his first stock engagement here. Neafie was at one time its stage carpenter. Yuengling's Brewery. This is the largest beer-brewing establishment in 26 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. the South, and was erected in 1866 by Messrs. D. G. Yuengling, Jr., and Beyer, at a total cost for buildings, machinery and appurtenances of about $200,000. It is located below Rocketts, on James river, just above the C. & O. R. R. wharves, and in full view of steamers on the river. C. & O. R. R. Tunnel under Church Hill. It commences at Nineteenth street, near Clay, run- ning under Union and Church Hills. It is 3,927 feet long. State Court House. The building situated on the east side of Elev- enth street, between Broad and Marshall streets, formerly known as the Sycamore Church, and used by the Disciples until the completion of their beau- tiful church corner of Seventh and Grace, is now occupied by the Supreme Court of Appeals, and in part as a law library. St. John's Church. This edifice stands upon an eminence occupying the square bounded by Grace, Broad, 24th and 25 th streets, on Church Hill. It was erected in 1740, and is the oldest place of public worship in the city. A brick wall of antiquated fashion surrounds the yard, which, with its time-worn and dilapidated tombstones, stately cedars and weeping willows, pre- RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 27 sents a picturesque view. It was here the Virginia Convention of 1775 met^ in which the immortal Patrick Henry startled the colonies by the utterance of those soul-stirring and ever-memorable words, "Give me liberty or give me death !" Madison, Mar- shall, Monroe, Pendleton, Wythe, Nicholas, Grayson, George Mason, Edmund and Innes Randolph were also members of this convention. Flouring Mills. Haxall's Mills stand on the spot where was built the first grist mill that ever existed in Richmond, which was a mere wooden shanty, erected on the rocks in the river, and approached by planks laid from one rock to another, whose machinery was a common tub wheel, propelled by a natural rapid, and gave motion to a pair of mill stones which serv- ed to grind corn for the inhabitants of those days* The present Mills, conducted by the Haxall-Cren- shaw Company, will compare favorably with any of their kind in the country. They were destroyed by fire three times — in 1830, 1865 and 1874. Richmond flour is shipped to all parts of the globe, and alone stands successfully a sea voyage across the Equator, owing to the peculiar quality of the wheat raised in this section. It is the favorite in Rio de Janeiro, Valparaiso and South American markets generally. The best brands of Northern 28 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, and Western flour have almost invariably, under the heat of the tropical sun and the moisture of the sea combined, become worthless. The Gallego Mill is at the eastern end of the Basin of the old James River and Kanawha Canal, fronting both on the Basin and Twelfth street. It was twice burnt, latterly on the night of the evacua- tion of Richmond, but was soon rebuilt on a more extended scale and is said to be the largest flour mill in the world. The Tredegar Iron Works. This is one of the most extensive manufactories of locomotives, cars, railroad materials, steam en- gines, &c., in America. It was the principal source of supply of cannon and other armament for the Confederate States army and navy. It is capable of turning out 30.000 tons of bars, spikes, &c., com- plete, 20,000 tons castings, and 2,000 freight cars an- nually. The Machine shops turn out an immense quantity of work annually, and are always full. The works were estabHshed in 1837, and are located a short distance above the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad depot, between the river and Richmond and Alleghany Railroad. From 1,000 to 1,500 men are employed. Old Dominion Iron and Nail Works Are on Belle Isle, opposite the Tredegar Iron Works, PdCHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 29 and are operated by the Old Dominion Nail Com- pany. Henrico County Courthouse Is at the corner of Twenty-second and Main streets. It is a very plain and unattractive structure. The oldest records of deeds, wills, &c., to be found in the State are preserved here. Henrico was one of the eight original shires of the State, running west- erly as far back as the Ohio, and her court-house contains among its records many quaint and cu- rious papers. Powhatan Is famous as having been the camping ground of the aboriginal American Chief, Powhatan. It was for a long time the seat of the Mayo family. In the garden is a boulder which marks the burial- place of the celebrated Indian potentate, and bears many curious carvings and symbols. It is situated a short distance below the city, on the left bank of the James river, just before reaching the Chesa- peake and Ohio Railroad wharves. Stone Cannon Balls. At the Southwest corner of Marshall and Seventh streets, are to be seen three novel " grape shot," three feet in diameter, mounted upon stone posts, which were brought from the shores of the Bospho- rus by Com. Elliott, U. S. N. They were in- 30 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. tended for the University of Virginia, but having re- mained at Rocketts wharf for a long time unclaimed, were finally put in place as above described by Mr. Henry W. Moncure. Union Hotel. The Union Hotel was one of the first in the city, situated on Main street, corner of Nineteenth. Upon the rapid growth of the city in a westerly di- rection, the hotel gradually declined in popular favor, and was used from time to time for various purposes, until now it has become a college for colored young men, under the charge of Rev. C. H. Corey, D. D. From the front of this hotel to the opposite side of Main street a triumphal arch was erected in honor of Lafayette at the time of his visit to Richmond in 1824. Mrs. Mary L. Lacy, wife of John A. Lacy, Esq., 211 N. Eighteenth street, is the only survivor of thirteen girls placed upon this arch to represent the original thirteen States. This ven- erable couple celebrated their golden wedding sev- eral years ago, and are still as vigorous as many much younger people. The Masons' Hall, Situated on the south side of Franklin street, be- tween Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets, is the first built exclusively for Masonic purposes in America. During Lafayette's last visit to Rich- RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 31 mond, he was waited upon by a committee of Rich- mond Randolph Lodge, No. 19, while in session in this hall, and invited to its meeting. He was there- upon elected an honorary member, and he signed the minutes m token of acceptance. Edmund Randolph, Chief Justice John Marshall, and Gov. Robert Brooke have presided here as Grand Mas- ters. Lodges Nos. 10 and 19 are the joint owners of it. St. Albans Hall. This is a large building, at the corner of Third and Main streets, erected for Masonic purposes, in 1867, by the Masonic Temple Association. There are in Richmond two Commanderies of Knights Templar — Richmond Commandery No. 2, and Commandery of St. Andrew No. 13 ; there are two Royal Arch Chapters — Richmond No. 3, and Lafayette No. 43 ; and eleven Blue Lodges, viz : — Temple No. 9, Richmond No. 10, Metropohtan No. 11, Richmond Randolph No. 19, St. John's No. 2>^, Joppa No. 40, Dove No. 51, Loge Francaise No. 53, Amity No. 76, Henrico Union No. 130, and Jno. L. Roper Lodge of Per- fection No. 5 y a majority of which bodies meet in St. Albans Hall, where also the Grand bodies hold their annual sessions. Another hall, known as Springfield, is located on Twenty-fifth street, near Clay. 32 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. IMozART Hall Is on the east side of Eighth street, between Frank- lin and Grace. It was originally erected for a roller- skating rink, but was soon appropriated to the music and the drama. It is held by the Richmond Mozart Association, an organization for the encouragement of music and hterary pursuits. The State Penitentiary Is located on a hill in the southwestern portion of the city, and can be reached by way of Gary street. It is the oldest State prison in the United States. It was authorized to be built by an act of the Gen- eral Assembly passed in 1796. It went into opera- tion March 25, 1800. The Magdalen Asylum, An institution for the reformation of fallen females, founded in 1874, is situated within a short distance of the Penitentiary. The State Fair Grounds, Consisting of several acres, well enclosed and con- taining excellent buildings for the accommodation of the fairs held every Fall by the Virginia State Agricultural Society, are located a mile and a half west of the corporate limits, on the road leading from Broad street. The Society was incorporated in 1853. Its real estate is supposed to be worth RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 33 about $100,000. Col. W. W. Finney is Secretary of the Society, and has his office and residence at the Fair Grounds. The Tobacco Exchange Is on Shockoe Slip, at the southern extremity of Thirteenth street, about 150 yards from Main. It opens daily at 10 o'clock A. M. Jas. A. Scott, President ; Gen. Peyton Wise, Secretary and Treas- urer; Emmet W. Chockley, Clerk; R. A. Trice, Auctioneer. Corn and Flour Exchange Is in the third story of the building at the southeast corner of Thirteenth and Cary streets. Thos. W. McCance, President. Richmond Stock Exchange Is at 1 1 04 Main street, and holds meetings daily. R. H. Maury, President; G. A. Davenport, Secretary and Treasurer. Chamber of Commerce, Having in view the usual objects of such an or- ganization, was instituted in 1867. It meets on the second Thursday in each month at the Commercial Club Hall, 912 Main street. The Tobacco Warehouses. Shockoe and Crenshaw's warehouses are located 3 34 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. on Shockoe Slip, near Gary street; Centre ware- house on Gary street near Virginia ; the Planter's at corner of Gary and Fifteenth streets; Mayo's, near Mayo's Bridge, south of the dock ; Seabrook's, Grace street, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth; Public warehouse, Eighth street, south side of the Ganal; Anderson's and Weisiger's one square distant, to the south. GiTY Jail. This house of public entertainment is at the cor- ner of Marshall street and Jail alley. Henrico Gounty Jail Is located at the corner of 22nd and Main streets. Hospitals. Finel Hospital is situated on the west end of Broad street, not far from the Baptist Gollege. Confederate Hospitals. — The St. Gharles Hotel, corner Main and Fifteenth streets, was used during the war as a hospital for soldiers; also, the residence of Judge John Robertson, at the corner of Third and Main streets; St. Francis de Sales Hospital^ (Goddin's Tavern) on Brook avenue, near Bacon's Quarter Branch, now partitioned and rented to fam- ilies ; Howard's Grove, on the Mechanicsville turn- pike, about half a mile from the corporate limits ; Winder and Jackson Hospitals, in the western part of the city; Ckiinborazo, in the eastern suburbs of Granite Monument to the Confederate Dead in Hollywood Cemetery. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 35 the city; Seabrook^s, used before and since the war as a tobacco warehouse, occupying nearly all of the square bounded by Broad and Grace and Seven- teenth and Eighteenth streets. In addition to these, North Carolina, South Caro- lina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi maintained separate hospitals at their own expense for soldiers from those States respectively. Cemeteries. Hollywood, situated on the Western outskirts, was laid off in 1848 and dedicated June 26th, 1849. It comprises about 100 acres. Nature and art have combined to render this one of the most pictu- resque cemeteries in the country — diversified with beautiful and costly tombs, vaults and memorial piles, original forest trees, cedars and weeping wil- lows, hill and dale, and winding rivulets. The re- mains of 12,000 Confederate soldiers lie buried in the section set apart for that purpose, in the midst of which stands a pyramidical monument of un- hewn stone, ninety feet high, erected under the auspices of Southern ladies. Clinging vines creep around and up its sides, covering it to a considera- ble extent, whose verdure gives a striking feature to the scene. On. the east side is inscribed " To the Confederate Dead " ; west, " Erected by the La- dies of the Hollywood Memorial Association. A. 36 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. D. 1869"; north, ^^ Memoria in Aeterna'''' \ south, Niiviini et Patriae AstoT Many gallant and dis- tinguished sons of the South sleep beneath its sod, most notable of whom may be mentioned : Gen. Geo. E. Pickett, the hero of Gettysburg; John M. Daniel, editor ot the Richmond Examine}' ; Thos. Ritchie, journalist, "father of the Democratic par- ty;" John R. Thompson, the poet; Bishop William Meade ; John Randolph of Roanoke, Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, Lieutenant-General A. P. Hill, Gen. W. H. Stevens, Gen. John Pegram, Col. Wm. R. J. Pegram, Capt. O. Jennings Wise, Gov. Henry A. Wise, Commodore Mathew F. Maury, Ex-Presidents Monroe and Tyler. Several of the above were brought hither from their places of original inter- ment. Shockoe Hill Cemetery is on the northern bound- ary, at the end of Third street, between Second and Fourth, and can be reached by either of these routes. It was estabhshed June 19, 1815. Among those buried here are Bishop R. C. Moore, Benj. Watkins Leigh, Chief Justice Marshall; John Hampden Pleasants, killed in a duel with Thomas Ritchie, Jr., February 27, 1846; Peter Francisco, the strong man of the Revolution, who whipped nine of Tarleton's dragoons ; Major James Gib- bon, the hero of Stony Point. Hebreiu Ce7?ietery, to the northeast of Shockoe RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 37 Cemetery, about twenty yards distant, is a very neat burial ground. It contains a section devoted to the Confederate soldiers of the Hebrew faith who fell in the Lost Cause, surrounded by a handsome and ap- propriate railing composed of arms, accoutrements, &G. Catholic Cemetery is about a mile and a half from the city limits, in a north-easterly direction, situated near the Mechanicsville turnpike, and can be reach- ed by that road or by the road over Chelsea Hill, via Seventeenth street. It was established early in the year 1856, under the direction of the late Bishop John McGill. As in the others, so He here many brave hearts that were stilled in defence of the Southern cause. St. Mary's ( German Catholic) Cemetery is on the Henrico Turnpike, half a mile beyond the Shockoe Hill Cemetery. Oakwood Cemetery occupies an eminence one mile east of the city, embracing about forty acres. It was purchased and laid off by the city in 1861. A granite spire was erected to the memory of the 17,000 Confederate soldiers here buried. The National Cemetery is about two miles from the city, on the Williamsburg road, and contains the remains of many thousands of Union soldiers. It is very neatly laid off and arranged in the usual style of national cemeteries. 38 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. St. Johti s is mentioned elsewhere under the head of the Church of that name. The graves of the soldiers in these cemeteries are annually decorated with flowers and other tokens of love and remembrance in the month of May. Colored Ceinetej'ies. — The Ham, Mechanics' and Ebenezer Cemeteries, for the colored population, are located on the New North road, about three- quarters of a mile beyond the Shockoe Hill Ceme- tery. Bridges Across the James River. Five bridges span the James at this point — Belle Isle Bridge ; Richmond and Petersburg Railroad Bridge, at southern end of Eighth street; Free Bridge, for pedestrians and vehicles, southern ter- minus of Ninth street; Richmond and Danville Railroad Bridge, end of Virginia street, south of Cary; Mayo's Bridge, the oldest, erected by Col. John Mayo in 1787, at southern end of Fourteenth street (destroyed by floods several times). Schools and Colleges. Richmond College^ situated at the western termi- nus of Grace street, is the only incorporated male college in the city. It is conducted under the aus- pices of the Baptist denomination, and originated in 1832 from what was then called the "Virginia Baptist Seminary." It was chartered in 1840 as the Richmond College. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 39 "Richmond College." No theology is taught, but candidates for the Gospel ministry, of whatever de- nomination, are given a thorough training gratuitous- ly in her different schools. It has eight independent academic schools and school of law, with eight ac- complished professors. Three degrees are conferred. The library was destroyed by the war, but has been replaced by some 5,000 volumes. It has an attrac- tive museum, containing interesting relics and cu- riosities from foreign lands, besides geological and mineral collections from Virginia and the South. St. Peter's Cathedral Male School (Catholic) is located at the corner of Ninth and Marshall streets. Academy of the Visitation., Monte Maria (female), corner of Twenty-third and Grace streets. St. Patrick's Male School, corner Twenty-sixth and Grace streets. Richmond Feniale Institute., (Baptist) at the cor- ner of Tenth and Marshall streets, was established in 1855. St. JosepHs Female Academy., corner of Fourth and Marshall streets, founded in 1834, is in charge of the Sisters of Charity. The Richmond Institute, for colored students, is at the corner of Nineteenth and Main streets. The Public Schools went into operation in 1870. They are under the control of a Board of Educa- tion, of which the Mayor of the city is ex- officio 40 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. President, and a Superintendent. A school build- ing, with competent teachers, is located in each ward of the city. The Richmond High School, at 805 East Marshall street, includes in its course the languages and mathematics. Number of schools — white, 74; colored, 41; total, 115. Number of teachers — white principals and teachers, 115; col- ored teachers, 11 ; total, 126. There is a Normal School for colored persons, with seven teachers and an income of $7,300 ; also, a High School, with two teachers, and an income of $500. Numerous private schools, male and female, have an attendance of 10,500 pupils. • Libraries. The principal one is the State Library, in the Capitol, second floor, southern end, and contains about 30,000 volumes. The State Law Library is in the State Courthouse (nth street), and contains 6,000 volumes ; that of the State Historical Society, in same building, 8,000 ; the Young Men's Christian Association about 2,000; the Richmond College Library 5,000; Richmond Institute 2,500; McGill Lyceum, 600. There are also 17,000 volumes in the different Church libraries, 7,000 in Sunday- school libraries, and perhaps not less than 150,000 volumes in private libraries. Reservoirs. The Old (or first) Reservoir is situated just above RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 41 Hollywood Cemetery, with a capacity of 8,ooo,ooa gallons. The grounds around it are very prettily laid off and ornamented with flowers, shrubs, arbors^ &c., and form altogether quite an attractive spot. The New Reservoir is located a short distance above the old one, with a capacity of 40,000,000 gallons. The land around it contains about 125 acres, extending to the river. These grounds, with their natural attractions and contemplated improve- ments, will eventually become the "Central Park" of Richmond. A portion is at present used as a park, and is numerously frequented by the belles and beaux of the city. Pump- Works. The (old) Pump House is on the river at Holly- wood Cemetery, with handsome surroundings. The new Pump- Works are also on the river, at the Three mile lock, and can be reached via the. Richmond and Alleghany railroad. Floods. The lower part of Richmond is subject to oc- casional freshets in James river, the most memorable of which occurred-^rj-/, in May, 1771, when the water rose as high as where now stands the Exchange Hotel, and the most destructive in the annals of this section; second, October i, 1870, when small schooners were propelled with poles through Seven- 42 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. teenth street — a stone with brass tablet, erected in front of the St. Charles Hotel, corner of Fifteenth and Main streets, by order of the City Council, in- dicates the height to which the water attained; t/iird^ on Sunday, Nqvember 25, 1877, which, like the preceding, was very destructive, the current in the river being strong and freighted with portable property of every description, rushing along in its fury. Central Lunatic Asylum: This institution is exclusively for the accommo- dation of colored lunatics. It is near the Mechanics- ville turnpike, about half a mile from the corporate limits. Clubs. There are a number of Clubs in Richmond, the largest and most important of which are ; Richmond Club, organized in 1866, meets in its own building, north-east corner of Third and Frank- lin streets. The grounds attached are very prettily ornamented with flowers and shrubbery. Westmoreland Clnbvfz.s founded in January, 1877. Among its members are some ot the most prominent citizens of the city and State. Its purpose is not only to afford recreation, but also to furnish a me- dium of conference and intercourse between leading citizens of every section. It occupies the magnifi- cent building at the southeast corner of Grace and RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 43 Sixth streets, which the club purchased a short time ago. The Commercial Club is composed of merchants and manufacturers. It was organized in 1878, and has now a large membership, whose hospitality forms an agreeable episode in the sojourn of visiting mer- chants. It possesses quite a good collection of geo- logical specimens and many archaeological relics of the aboriginal Americans. It occupies the entire spacious building, No. 912 Main street, between Ninth and Tenth streets. The Virginia Armory. But a small heap of ruins and an arched entrance still standing, at the southern extremity of Fifth street, between James river and the Canal, mark the spot where once proudly stood this historic Vir- ginian institution. It was burned on the day of the evacuation of Richmond, April 3rd, 1865. Many memorials of the Revolutionary war, including sev- eral brass French cannon and mortars of the sev- enteenth century, were treasured within its walls. It was erected in 1798, shortly after the adoption of the famous resolutions of i798-'99, when en- croachments upon State rights foreshadowed its pro- bable necessity, and was used as quarters for the State Guard ("the standing army of Virginia") from the time of their organization, in 1801, until 44 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. disbanded by the United States military authorities in 1867, during the reconstruction period. Small arms were manufactured here before and during the late war. The Bell Telephone, A telephonic exchange, similar to those in opera tion in New York, Chicago and other large cities^ was established in March, 1879. I^ ^^ ^"^^^^ under the control of the Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company, with a capital stock of one million dollars. The company's offices are in the Piedmont and Arlington building, corner of Main and Ninth streets. Police Force. The police, officers and patrolmen, number eighty- four; Major John Poe, Jr., Chief, C. W. P. Brock, M. D., Surgeon. They are as genteel and fine- looking a body of men as can be found anywhere. Fire Department. There are five steam fire engines belonging to the Department, besides hook and ladder apparatus and a hose company, under the management of a chief engineer and three assistants. The signals are given by means of a fire-alarm telegraph. The whole number of men employed in the Department is eighty-five. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 45 Military Organizations. First Virginia Regiment, volunteer infantry, Col. John B. Purcell, seven companies. There are two independent companies — Richmond City Guard and the Richmond Light Infantry Blues. The lat- ter company is the oldest in the State, having been organized in 1793, and has had among its members some of the most prominent citizens of Richmond and vicinage. Its first captain was Wm. Richard- son, 1793 to 1809; Henry Shore, 1809 to 1810; William Murphy, 18 10 to 1815; John G. Gamble, 1815 to 1816; Wm. Murphy, again, 1816 to 1817; Wm. Finney, 1817 to 1822; Wm. Murphy, again 1822 to 1825; James M. Johnston, 1825 ^^ 1829- Geo. Wythe Munford, 1829 to 1832; Thomas B. Bigger, 1832 to 1839; and successively, down to the present time, Geo. Wythe Munford, Geo. W^ Tompkins, WiUiam Y. Sheppard, John M. Patton, Wm. H. Fry, John M. Patton again. William L- Maule, O. Jennings Wise, Fred. Carter, C. P. Big- ger, E. J. Levy, Geo. W. Jarvis, F. M. Imboden, Jno. S. Wise. There are also a battahon of artille- ry, known as the Richmond Howitzers, and a batta- lion of three colored infantry companies. Powder Magazines. On the road leading eastwardly from the Alms- house, about three hundred yards distant, are lo- 4G RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. cated magazines for stowing powder. They suc- ceed one that stood for a long number of years on the same site, which was blown to atoms on the morning of the evacuation of Richmond, April 3d, 1865, the explosion demoHshing several buildings in the immediate neighborhood and cracking the window-glass of houses within a circumference of about a mile. Railroad Workshops. Those of the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Po- tomac Railroad are located on the line of that road, a little beyond the city limits, and just before reach ing the Fair Grounds of the Virginia State Agricul- tural Society. The Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad shops are on that road, in the Valley, between Seventeenth street and Shockoe Creek, beyond Clay street. The Late Spotswood Hotel. The vacant lot at southeast corner of Main and Eighth streets is the ground on which the Spots- wood Hotel stood, and which was destroyed by fire on the night of December 24th, 1870, attended with considerable loss of life. It was here that a hero sacrificed his life in an attempt to save that of a friend. Samuel H. Hines had emerged from the burning building, but finding that his compan- ion was still within, braved the possible conse- RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 47 quence of returning in pursuit of him, and perished in the flames. Hines Lodge, No. 17, K. P., is named after him in commemoration of his Pythian valor and constancy. The Scene of Edgar Allan Poe's Youth. The fine old residence at the southeast corner of Main and Fifth streets, was successively owned and occupied by David Meade Randolph, Mr. Gallego and John Allan. Under the fatherly care and pro- tection of the last-named gentleman, young Poe an orphan, was reared and educated. Mrs. Louisa G. Allan, one of the most estimable and noted la- dies of Virginia, widow of John Allan, died Sun- day, April 24, 1 88 1, after a residence in this house of nearly half a century. She bore a mother's part towards the gifted but erratic poet during his Hfe- time. City Gas Works. These works are located in Rocketts, at the ex- treme eastern end of the city, near the river. A receiver is still retained where the works were first established, on Gary street, below Fifteenth. They were erected by and are under the control of the city authorities. A superintendent is elected every two years by the City Council. Gas is supplied at $2 per thousand feet. The city was first lighted with it on the night of February 2 2d, 1851. 48 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. Bloody Run Spring. This spring derives its name from a sanguinary conflict, in 1656, between Col. Edward Hill and the friendly Pamunkey Indians under Totopotomo^ on the one side and the Richahecrian tribe of In- dians on the other, in which the former were de- feated with such great slaughter that blood ran as a rivulet through the ravine leading from the spring. It is on a hill-side near Chimborazo Park. Bacon's Quarter Branch. This little streamlet, which empties into Shockoe creek about a hundred yards below the Powder Magazines, became famous in connection with In- dian raids and incursions in 1676, during which the overseer of Mr. Bacon's plantation and a favorite servant were massacred. The section of the city bordering thereon, where Brook avenue in the city becomes Brook turnpike in the county, is known as Bacon's Quarter Branch. Chief Justice Marshall's Residence. The plain two story brick building on the ^*-'.h- west corner of Marshall and Ninth streets, erected in 1795, was occupied by Chief Justice Marshall up to the time of his death, in 1835. Gov, Henry A. Wise also resided here for a while. It is still in a good state of preservation. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 49 Valentine's Studio. Edward V. Valentine, the distinguished Virginian sculptor, has his studio at 809 East Leigh street, on ground which once formed part of French's Garden. A collection of beautiful and curious ob- jects connected with the sculptor's art, the product of Mr. Valentine and other artists, both American and European, including the recumbent statue of General Lee, can be seen here. No lover of the fine arts should forego a visit. Roads and Battle-Fields. On or near the different roads here described, many of the hardest battles of the late war were fought. We will take first, on the east side of the- city : Osborne Turnpike, or River road, as it is some. t':mes called. It leads to some of the strongest for- tifications around the city. By this road Chaffin's Bluff and Fort Harrison can be reached ; the former is seven miles and the latter nine miles distant. Fort Harrison was the scene of many contests, and was fi-uft'ly captured by Gen. Butler, Sept. 29, 1864. "^ort Gilmer, a stockade fort, is located a little to the northeast of Fort Harrison, where a large num- ber of Federal troops, mostly colored, were killed in an attempt to capture it. "Corporal Dick," it will be remembered, was the hero of this affair, but 4 50 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. never survived it, his brain having been penetrated by a Confederate bullet. Ne7v Alarket, or Varina road, branches off from the Osborne turnpike, just below Tree Hill. It leads to Deep Bottom, a point on the river from which gunboats threw "lamp-post" shells into the surrounding country as an evening pastime, for many months during the war ; to Varina, where prisoners of war were exchanged ; to Malvern Hill, where McClellan made his last stand in his memorable defeat in 1862; to Harrison's Landing, &c. WiUiaitisburg Road enters the city near Rock- etts. It runs by the National Cemetery, also Seven Pines or Fair Oaks, (9 miles distant, where the sanguinary seven- days battle of June, 1862, was fought,) and near the battle fields of Savage's station, on the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad. Nine Mile Road runs out by way of Venable street, over Union Hill. It also leads to Seven Pines. Mechanicsville Turnpike enters the city at Ven- able street, two squares from Seventeenth, and leads to many of the bloodiest battle-fields of the war — Ellerson's Mill (6 miles), Gaines' Mill and Cold Harbor (7 miles). Meadow Bridge Road enters the city by way of Second street and Seventeenth street, branching right and left into these two thoroughfares a quarter RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 51 of a mile behind the Almshouse. The bridge over the Chickahominy is where the fiist shot was fired in the seven days fight with McClellan, when Lieut. - General A. P. Hill led his corps through this road to flank him. He?irico Turnpike enters the city at the foot of the hill behind the Almshouse, by way of Second street. It was opened during the last few years, and is a very pleasant drive. Nezv North Road leads out from St. James street, but can be entered from Second street also. On this road about half a mile from the Almshouse, are the colored cemeteries. Brook Turnpike enters the city by way of Brook avenue, northeast of the city. Dahlgren, in his memorable raid of 1864, approached within one mile of the city limits on this road, and might have entered it without a contest, as at the time there was not a man to oppose him, even the local troops and militia having already been ordered to another point several miles off. It affords an excellent drive, with many pretty scenes. Hermitage Road starts from Broad street, above Pinel Hospital, runs by the State Fair Grounds, and is a pretty drive. Deep Run Turnpike leads out from Broad street, and was at one time the route by which coal was 52 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, brought down in carts fro.n coal pits situateJ some ten miles above Richmond. Three Chop Road starts out of the Deep Run turnpike about twelve miles distant from the city, and is one of the most celebrated in the State, being once the most direct route to Louisville and Cin- cinnati, by which the products of the western country were transported to the east, and droves of horses, mules and cattle were driven to eastern mar- kets. The many road -side nins which flourished in those days along this route have disappeared, and the cracking whip and jingling bells of the mountain wagon are now but seldom heard. Grove Road is reached by Franklin or Grace streets, west, and is considered the most fashionable drive. On either side are many handsome and costly residences and gardens. It runs into the Deep Run turnpike about two miles from the city. Westhani Road enters on the western suburbs, and leads to the ancient town of VVestham. It passes in full view of the two Reservoirs, Holly- wood Cemetery, and by many of the finest farms on James river. Places of Interest Around the City. Chaffiri s Bluffs an important fortified place during the war, is on James River, seven miles be- low the city. It can be reached by the Osborne RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 53 turnpike, which leads out from the city near the James River Brewery. Drewrfs Bluffs or Fort Darling, is on the south side of the James, six miles from town, and its guns commanded the river for many miles. This was ' the strongest Confederate fort on the river, and gunboats dared not run the gauntlet at this point, it being so elevated as to send solid shot squarely on and through their iron roofs. James River Jetties — Dykes and wing dams, after the order of Ead's jetties in the Mississippi river, designed to contract and deepen the channel, can be seen in the river below Rocketts. Bellojia Arsenal \N2JS, situated about twelve miles above Richmond on the south side of James river, remains of which are still visible. It was establish- ed in 1816 as a depot for U. S. military stores, and attached to it was one of the oldest cannon foun- dries in the country. It was destroyed in 1877. Convenient Route Through the City. For convenience and economy, the following route for sight-seeing is suggested. The places and objects printed in italics are considered the most important, and which the stranger should not fail to see : If riding be preferred, take a carriage say at the Exchange Hotel, drive to the Capitol and Grounds^ visiting the State Library, &c., then in rotation to the Postoffice and Custom House, Gal- 54 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. lego Mills, the Haxall-Crenshavv Mills, the Bridges across the river, Richmond Paper Mill, Gen. Lee's residence, St. Paul's Church, Mozart Hall, Ga?fi- ble^ s Hill, Penitentiary, Tredegar Iron Works, Old Dominion Iron and Nail Works, Hollywood Ceme- ■ tery\ Pump House, the Reservoirs, Fair Grounds, Baptist College, Monroe Park, City Ahns-kouse, Shockoe Hill Cemetery^ Hebrew Cemetery, Davis Mansion, Monumenial Church, Medical College. Should the journey up to this point, which includes the principal places in the upper or western section of the city, known as Shockoe Hill, be deemed sufficient for the day, it might be resumed at an- other time, starting from the Exchange Hotel, as before, for the purpose of seeing the lower or eaet ern portion. The first object of interest in this direction is the Old or First Market, next in turn, the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Tunnel under Church Hill, then the Masons' Hall, Lottier's To- bacco factory, where singing pecuHar to the negro race may be enjoyed, St. John's Church, Marshall Park, Chimborazo Park, Oakwood Cemetery, Ches- apeake and Ohio Railroad Wharves, James River Brewery, Powhatan, where the great Indian chief of that name was interred, and in returning, Libby Prison, County Courthouse, the Old Stone House (General Washington's Headquarters), Union Ho- tel (now Richmond Institute), the Docks, Talbot's RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 55 Foundry, Ettinger & Edmond's Foundry, thence back to the Hotel. Much pleasure and interest may be derived from a trip to Manchester, which might form a continuation of this drive or be taken at another time. By following the course indicated above, much zig-zagging is avoided, and time, distance and ex- pense saved, as the different points mentioned are reached one after another in precisely the order in which they are enumerated. Instruct the driver accordingly. Legal Charges for Hacks, &c. The following rates are established by a city or- dinance. Should a driver demand more, he is liable to prosecution before the Police Court, which can be brought about by reporting the fact to a policeman ; For carrying a person not more than ten squares $ 50 For each additional square 05 But not more for one person to any part of the city than i 00 For carrying not more than four persons, for the whole, never to exceed i 50 Unless more than one hour be employed, then to be for the first hour i 50 And for each succeeding hour 50 56 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, No charge for children under three years of age. For carrying persons between ten o'clock at night and daybreak, an additional charge of one- half the above rates may be made, and no more. For baggage — for each trunk carried outside, 25 cents. Nothing for articles inside, or for any car- pet bag or basket. City Railway. The fare on the street railway is 5 cents. It ex- tends from the corner of Twenty-seventh and Main streets, up Main to Ninth, up Ninth to Broad, thence to Morton's flower garden, near Hollywood Cemetery. Churches. /ewish. Beth Ahabah, Eleventh bet. Marshall and Clay, Rev. A. Harris, minister, and M. Millhiser, president. K. K. Kanesseth Israel, Mayo near Ross, Moses Myer, president. K. K. Beth Shalom, Mayo near Broad, A. Levy^ president. Catholic. St. Peter's Cathedral, corner of Grace and Eighth streets. Rt. Rev. John J. Keane, D. D., Bishop cf the Diocese ; Very Rev. A. Van de Vyver, V. G ; Rev. W. B. Hanley ; Rev. A. A. Habets and Rev, D. J. O'Connell, D. D. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 57 St. Mary's German Church, Marshall between Third and Fourth streets. Rev. Benno Hegele, O* S. B. ; Rev. Wilebald Baumgartner, O. S. B. St. Patrick's Church, Twenty-fifth between Broad and Grace streets. Rev. John Doherty. Lutheran. German Evangehcal Bethlehem, Sixth st. near Leigh, Rev. F. Dreyer. St, John's German, southwest corner Marshall and Eighth, Rev. Edward Huber. First English, corner Grace and Seventh, Rev. W. C. Schaeffer. Episcopal. St. John's, Broad corner Twenty-fifth. Rev. A. AV. Weddell, D. D.', rector. St. James', Marshall corner Fifth. Rev. Joshua Peterkin, D. D., rector. Rev. G. W. Dame, Jr , assistant. St. Paul's, Grace corner Ninth. Rev. Charles Minnegerode, D. D., rector. Rev. Pike Powers, as- sistant. Moore Memorial Church, Laurel street near Mair. Rev. D. F. Sprigg, D. D., rector. Christ, Washington corner Buchanan. Rev. R, S. Barrett, rector. Grace, Main corner Foushee. Rev, H. Melville Jackson, rector. 58 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. St. Mark's, First cor. Clay. Rev. T. G. Dashiel, D. D., rector. St. Andrew's, Laurel corner Beverly. Rev. Pike Powers, rector. Monumental, Broad bet. Twelfth and College streets, Rev. J. G. Armstrong, D. D. Presbyterian. First, Capitol corner Tenth, Rev. Thos. L. Pres- ton, D. D. Second, Fifth between Main and Franklin, Rev. Moses D. Hoge, D. D. Second Presbyterian Church Chapel, 907 West Grace, Rev. M. D. Hoge, D. D. Third, Broad cor. Twenty-sixth (Church Hill), Rev. VVm. N. Scott, D. D. ^ Grace Street, Grace cor. Fourth, Rev. C. H. Read, D. D. Methodist Episcopal. The ministers of this denomination being sub- ject to annual change, their names are omitted. Broad Street, Broad corner Tenth. Centenary, Grace between Fourth and Fifth. Clay Street, Clay corner Adams. Laurel Street, Church street near Maiden Lane. Park Place, Franklin corner Pine. Union Station, Twenty-Fifth corner N. Trinity, Twentieth and Broad. Nicholson Street. Rocketts. EIGHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 59 Baptist. Fulton, Nicholson near Eighth, Port Mayo, Rev. J. M. Butler. First, Broad cor. Twelfth, Rev. J. B. Hawthorn, D. D. Second, Main cor. Sixth, Rev. Henry McDonald, D. D. Grace Street, Grace cor. Foushee, Rev. Wm. E. Hatcher, D. D. Leigh Street, Leigh cor. Twenty-fifth, Rev. J. R. Garlick, D. D. Pine Street, Pine cor. Spring, Rev. J. B. Hutson. Sidney, Reservoir cor. Main, Rev. Edmond Har- rison. ^ Venable Street, Venable cor. Buchanan, Rev. G. F. Williams. German Baptist Mission, hold service at First Baptist Church. Clay Street Mission, cor. Clay and Graham, Rev. Samuel C. Clopton. Friends. Clay, bet. First and Foushee, John B. Crenshaw. Universalist. First Independent, Mayo bet. Ross and Broad. Christian. Seventh Street, cor. Seventh and Grace streets, Rev. J. Z. Tyler. 60 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, Main Street, Main bet. Pine and Laurel, Elder J. A. Dearborn. Twenty-fifth Street Chapel, Twenty-fifih cor. M^ Rev. J. Z. Tyler. Colored Churches. Episcopal. S^ Phihp's, Leigh corner St. James, Rev. G. W. Dame, Jr. Methodist. Third Street, Third between Leigh and Jackson. Asbiiry, Twenty-fifth near N. Baptist. First, Broad cor. College, Rev. J. H. Holmes. This church is said to have a membership of 4,00a — the largest congregation in the United States. It occupies the site of the noted "Old African Church," which was erected between the years 1790 and 1800 for the whites, but given up to the colored Baptists when the First Baptist (white) Church was built in 1841. Second, cor. Byrd and Fir^t streets. Rev. W. H. Brooks. Third, Ebenezer, Leigh cor. Judah, Rev, R. H.. Wells. Fourth, Thirty-second between M and N. Fifth, Main near Reservoir, Rev. P^li Saunders- RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, 61 Sixth, Mount Zion, Duval cor. St. John, Rev. John Jasper, the famous preacher on the move- ment of the sun. Shiloh, corner Richardson and Seventeenth sts., Rev. H. Harris. Missionary, Moore between Gilham and Graham streets, Rev. Wm. Troy. Rising Mt. Zion, Graham street, Rocketts, Rev. Archer Fergusson. Mt. Tabor, Woodville, Rev. C. C. Figgins. Fifth Street, Fifth near Jackson. Religious Statistics. No. of Mem- No. in Churches, beiship. S. S. Baptist— White 9 4,091 3,470 Baptist— Colored 11 12,756 3,200 Catholic 3 5.261 1,112 Christians 2 782 419 Episcopal— White 9 2,229 1,970 Episcopal— Colored 1 200 80 Friends I Hebrew 3 235 184 Lutherans 3 489 430 Methodist— White 8 2,705 1,940 Methodist— Colored 2 409 134 Presbyterians 4 1,476 1,698 Totals 56 30,633 14,657 Asylums. St. Joseph's Female Orphan, in charge of the 62 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, Sisters of Charity, corner Marshall and Fourth streets. Founded in 1834. St. Sophia's Home for Old People, Harvie street, near Main, in charge of the Little Sisters of the Poor. Established in 1874 through the generosity of W. Shakespeare Caldwell. Protestant Episcopal Church Home for aged fe- males, No. 507 North Fourth street. St. Paul's Church Home — Children's depart- ment, 506 East Leigh street; Women's department, 706 East Leigh street. Female Orphan Asylum, corner of Leigh and Seventh streets, under the management of the Ladies Humane Association of Richmond. It was erected by means of a bequest from Mr. Edmund Walls, an Irish merchant of Richmond. Founda- tion laid in 1805; Association incorporated 181 1. Richmond Male Orphan, on Amelia near Rob- inson street, beyond the western city limits ; found- ed in 1846. Public Buildings. The following are such as have not been referred to elsewhere : The City Hall is a temporary structure, located between Ninth and Tenth streets, fronting on Broad and Capitol streets. It contains the rooms of the Chancery and Hustings Courts, with their respec- RTCHMOKD GUIDE BOOK. 63 tive clerk's offices, and those of the Mayor, Collec- tor of City Taxes, Commissioner of the Revenue, Auditor, City Engineer, Clerk of the Council, In- spector of Gas, City Sergeant, Sealer of Weights and Measures, and Jury Rooms. First Market, Main street corner of Seventeenth. Second Market, cor. of Marshall and Sixth streets. Police Headquarters and First Police Station,, over the First Market, cor. Main and Seventeenth streets. Second Police Station, over Second Market, cor. Sixth and Marshall streets. Third Police Station, over engine-house corner Marshall street and Brook avenue. Circuit Court Rooms, Stearns' building, opposite the Post-office. City Water Works Office, under Washington Hall Broad between Ninth and Tenth streets. Young Men's Christian Association Rooms, 703 Main street. Washington Hall, Broad between Ninth and Tenth streets. The City Council meets here. Wilkinson Hall, Ninth street between Main and Franklin. Ellett Hall, cor. Marshall and Fifth. West-End Hall, cor. Broad and Munford. Pythian Hall, corner Eleventh and Bank streets. 6i PiICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. Marshall Hall, corner Tenth and Bank streets. Odd Fellows' Hall, corner of Franklin and Mayo streets. The Police Court is held here. Harmony Hall, Broad street between Sixth and Seventh, south side. Schiller Hall, Broad street between Sixth and Seventh, north side. First National Bank, 1104 east Main street. Union Bank of Richmond, No. 1104 east Main street. National Bank of Virginia, No. 1016 east Main street. Richmond Banking and Insurance Company, 1 30 1 Main street. Merchants and Planters Savings Bank, 1 103 east Main street. Planters National Bank, 1200 east Main street. Merchants National Bank, i loi east Main street. City Bank of Richmond, 1323 east Main street. Citizens Bank of Richmond, 10 15 east Main street. State Bank of Virginia, 1 1 1 1 east Main street. Bank of Commerce, 11 17 east Main street. Office of Western Union Telegraph Company, 1300 east Main. The offices of the insurance companies are lo- cated on Main street, and near by on cross streets, between Ninth and Fourteenth. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 65 Newspapers and Periodicals. Dispatch^ daily, semi-weekly and weekly; pub- lished by the Dispatch Company. President, Jas. A. Cowardin ; Secretary and Treasurer, Henry K. Ellyson. Northwest corner Main and Twelfth sts. Whig^ daily, semi- weekly and weekly. loo Gov- ernor street. The State, daily (evening), semi-weekly and week- ly; Chamberlayne & Beirne. Corner Ninth and Main streets. Richnio?id Standard, weekly, literary ; G. Wat- son James, editor and proprietor ; R. A. Brock, editor of historical department. Over The State office. Guide and News, 1206 Main street. Virginia Staats Gazette, German daily ; John H. Pein. Corner Ninth and Broad streets. Anzeiger, German daily; B. Hassel. 17 Gov- ernor street. Southerji Plafzter and Farmer, monthly; 11 15 east Main street. Educational Journal, monthly ; W. F. Fox. No. 5 south Twelfth street. Southern Clinic, medical monthly ; Drs. Bryce & Wheat. 506 north Second. Every Saturday Commercial Advertiser^ weekly; H. S. Ackerly, editor and proprietor. 1307 Frank- lin street. 5 €6 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, The Industrial South, weekly ; James McDon- ald and Baker P. Lee ; s. w. cor. Main and Ninth. Monthly Bulletin, agriculture and immigration; R. S. Saunders. Cor. 9th and Bank streets. Virginia Star, devoted to the interests of the colored race ; weekly. Stewart, Woolfolk & Co. ; R. P. Brooks, editor. No. 211 north Sixth street. Religious Herald, Baptist, weekly. 1115 east Main street. Central Presbyteria7i, weekly; Richardson & Southall. 1015 east Main street. Richmond Christian Advocate, (M. E. Church South); Rev. J. J. Lafiferty. Corner Main and Ninth streets. Children! s Tv-zV/^^ (Presbyterian), semi-monthly; Whittet & Shepperson for Presbyterian Committee of Publication. looi east Main. Ear-nest Worker (Presbyterian), semi-monthly; Whittet & Shepperson for Presbyterian Committee of Publication. looi east Main. Catholic Visitor, weekly; by P. Keenan. 1206 Main street. Southern Churchman (Episcopal) ; Rev. D. F. Sprigg, D. D. Corner Main and Eleventh streets. Hotels. American, , proprietor; Main cor. .of Twelfth street. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK, 67 Capitol; John Hillyard ; 1204 east Franklin. Exchange and Ballard, Colonel J. L. Carrington; corner Franklin and Fourteenth streets. Ford's, M. L. Ford; Eleventh corner Broad. St. Charles; Peyton & Co., 1500 east Main. St. Claire, Stephen Hunter ; Ninth cor. of Grace. St. James, J. M. Page; No. 15 north Twelfth. Railroad Depots, &c. Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac, corner of Eighth and Byrd and Broad and Eighth streets, and at head of Broad street. Richmond and Danville, foot of Virginia street. Richmond and York River, Cary bet. Twenty- fourth and Twenty -fifth streets. Richmond and Petersburg, cor. of Eighth and Byrd streets. Chesapeake and Ohio, cor. of Broad and Seven- teenth streets. Offices corner Ninth and Main. James River Steamboat Company, foot of Ash street, Rocketts. Powhatan Steamboat Line for Baltimore, Twenty- second and Dock streets. Philadelphia Steamship Line, near foot of Ash street, Rocketts. Old Dominion Steamship Line for New York, Dock, below Twenty-eighth street, Rocketts. 68 RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. Manchester. The town of Manchester, originally designated " Rocky Ridge," is directly opposite Richmond, on James river, in Chesterfield county, and in full view of this city. From Libby Hill or from Gamble's Hill, the town and adjacent country spread out be- fore the eye in panoramic grandeur. It can be reached by way of Mayo's Bridge, southern end of Fourteenth street, or by the Free Bridge, at end of Ninth street. At one period of its history it was a formidable commercial rival of Richmond, and perhaps would have been successful but for the short-sightedness of one of its leading merchants, through whose influence the terminus of the James River and Kanawha Canal was diverted from there to Richmond, under the apprehension that it would attract other merchants ! The original intention was to terminate the canal at Manchester. It is now, nevertheless, a prosperous town, containing cotton, paper and flour mills, and numerous esta- blishments for the manufacture of tobacco, brooms, woodenware, bricks, sumac, machinery, &c., with a population of 6,500. Many persons employed in Richmond reside in Manchester. The town, in its corporate capacity, owns half the water power of the river. The best general view of Richmond can be had from the fields and heights in and around the town. RICHMOND GUIDE BOOK. 69 How TO Reach Yorktown. In view of the historic importance of Yorktown and the approaching centennial celebration of the great event which gave it national and world-wide fame, the routes from Richmond thereto are here pointed out. One is by way of the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad, which passes through WiUiams- burg, the ancient capital of the Old Dominion and its oldest incorporated town, where traces of the old capitol are still visible, and where the antiquary will find much to interest him. Another, is the Richmond, York River and Chesapeake railroad to West Point — a town at the confluence of the Mat- taponi and Paraunkey rivers, which together form the majestic York — thence by steamboat. The distance by the former hne is 6i miles, and by the latter about 64. Yorktown is in York county, on York river, 1 1 miles from its mouth. It was estaWished by law in 1705, and was once a flourishing village. There aie now but a few houses remaining. The water scenery a short distance below is fine. The river, full a mile wide, is seen stretching far away until it merges into Chesapeake Bay — an object of beauty when rolling in the morning light, its ripples spark- ling in the sun, or when its broad bosom is tinged with the cloud-reflected hues of an autumnal sun- set. INDEX. Almshouse 25 Asylums 61, 62 Bell House 16 Brewery 25 Bridges 38 Bloody Run Spring 48 Bacon's Quarter Branch. . 48 Bell Telephone 44 Capitol 11, 12, 13, 14 Churches 56 Clay, Statue of 15 County Courthouse 29 Corn and Flour Exchange 33 Chamber of Commerce. . . 33 City Gas Works 47 City Jail 3i County Jail 34 Cemeteries 35, 36, 37, 38 Clubs 42 Convenient Route thro'gh the city 5S Central Lunatic Asylum.. 42 C. & O. R. R. Tunnel 26 Davis Mansion 16 Early History 4 Fair Grounds 32 Floods 41 Fire Department 44 Governor's House 15 Houdon's Statue of Wash- ington 11 Hosi)itals 34 Hotels 66 Jackson, Statue of 15 Lee's Residence 21 Libraries 40 Legal charges for Hacks.. 55 Marshall, Judge, Resi- dence of 48 Manufactures 5 Military Prisons 17 Monumental Church 23 Medical College of Va 23 Masons' Hall 3n Mozart Hall 32 Mills, Gallego 28 " Haxall-Crenshaw . . 27 Military Organizations .... 45 Manchester 67 Negro Jails 24 Nail Works, Old Domin'n 28 Newspapers, Periodicals. 65 Powhatan 29 Population 11 Public Parks 19 Postoffice, Custom House. 22 Penitentiary 32 Poe, Scene of his Youth.. 47 Places of Interest Around the City 52 Pump Works 41 Police Force 44 Powder Magazines 45 Public Buildings 62 Railway, City 56 Richmond 3 Richmond Stock Exch'ge. 33 Roads and Battlefields 49 Railroad Workshops 46 Reservoirs 40 Railroad Depots 67 Retreat for the Sick 24 Religious Statistics 61 St. Pauls Church 21 St. John's Church 26 State Courthouse 26 Spotswood Hotel, the late 4« Stone House, the old 24 Stone Cannon Balls 29 St. Albans Hall 31 Schools and Colleges 38 Tredegar Iron Works 28 Tobacco Exchange 33 Theatre, Richmond 25 Telegraph Office 64 L'nion Hotel 30 Valentine's Studio 49 Virginia Armory 4.^ Vehicles. Numl)er of 22 Washington Monument... 14 Water Power and Water Works 10 Yorktowa, How to Reach 69 CHAS. W. PURCELL,. STOCK BROKER RICHMOND, VA. o Dealer in Stocks, Bonds and all Solvent Securities. Tax-Receivable Coupons of the State Bought and Sold. Orders for Stocks, Bonds or Tax- Receivable Cou- pons promptly attended to. SUBSCRIBE FOR THE THE LEADING PAPER Of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the South. It circulates in nearly every State and Territory in the United States, and as an advertising medium is unsurpassed. $3 A Year in Advance. Office : No. 4 Eleventh Street, Richmond, Va^ CAMFBEII, & SCI took Brokers. SOUTHERN SECURITIES A SPECIALTY. W. H. Palmer, President. > B. C. Wherry, Jr., Secretary. O. F. Weisiger, Jr., Ass't Sec'y. FIRE AN^ MARINE. Virginia Home Insurance Company, richmond, va. Office in Company's Building, No. 1014 Main Street. Wm. G. Taylor, President. John C. Williams, Cashier. ank of Commerce No. 1 1 1 1 Main St., RICHMOND, VA. ? 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Agt. »>» "* » f^ 'yu f^^yffyTTTyyyTTTy^y^^fpyy^TTTTyfy » > ¥ ^r t t t y^f~\ '