D 619 
 .3 
 .P7 
 1918 
 Copy 1 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2011 with funding from 
 The Library of Congress 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/wartimeprosecuti01amer 
 
TH^UC^^^ t. 
 
 C 1 ^\L '^^knklMi U^» t^ 
 
 War-time Prosecutions and 
 Mob Violence 
 
 Involving the rights of free speech, 
 free press and peaceful assemblage. 
 
 {From April 1, 1917 to May 1, 1918) 
 
 This list of cases is compiled from the 
 correspondence and press clippings of 
 the National Civil Liberties Bureau. It 
 is by no means a complete record. 
 The Bureau would appreciate infor- 
 mation about other cases, in order to 
 publish later a more inclusive list. 
 
 Published by the 
 
 NATIONAL CIVIL LIBERTIES BUREAU 
 
 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City 
 
 Washington OflBce: 647 Munsey Building 
 
 July, 1918 
 
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 TTHIS briefly annotated list of prosecutions under war-sta- 
 •'' tutes and cases of mob violence due to the war is published 
 as a matter of record for those interested. The list does not 
 include cases of enemy aliens (except one of mob violence), 
 spies or violations of the draft act by men of military age. 
 Further information about the more important cases will be 
 furnished by the Bureau on request. 
 
 The cases are set forth under the following classifications. 
 
 No. cases 
 Page listed 
 
 5 I. Mob Violence 101 
 
 5 1. For alleged personal disloyalty. 78 
 
 5 " a. General cases 63 
 
 9 b. Forced by mobs to kiss the 
 flag (a special group of cases, 
 so classified because of their 
 number) 15 
 
 10 2. Industrial causes : involving pri- 
 
 marily the I. W. W 17 
 
 11 3. Political causes: involving pri- 
 
 marily the Non-Partisan League 6 
 
 12 II. Espionage Act and Treason Cases 71 
 
 12 1. Convictions (up to May 1, 1918) 31 
 
 12 a. For statements in private 
 
 conversation or correspond- 
 ence 12 
 
 13 b. For statements in public 
 
 addresses or public print ... 11 
 
 13 c. For distributing literature . . 8 
 
 14 2. Cases pending May 1, 1918 26 
 
 16 3. Acquittals 14 
 
 17 III. Obstructing the Draft Act 10 
 
 18 IV. Cases under War-time State and 
 
 City Laws 25 
 
 20 V. Interference by Public Officials 
 
 with the Right of Peaceful As- 
 semblage .'. 10 
 
 21 VI. Search r ^d Seizure 22 
 
 3 
 
The cases are arranged in the order of their occurrence. 
 An alphabetical index to cases is given on pages 23 and 24. 
 
 It will be noted that by far the largest proportion of all 
 the cases throughout involve members of the I. W. W., Social- 
 ist Party and Non-Partisan League. Of those cases which 
 do not, all but a comparative few involve citizens of German 
 descent. 
 
 That scores of cases have not come to our attention through 
 press clippings is evident from the published statements of 
 the Attorney General setting forth the number of prosecu- 
 tions instituted and convictions obtained. 
 
 Under date of April 24, 1918, the N. Y, Evening Post car- 
 ried the following in a statement from the Dept. of Justice: 
 
 "On charges of interfering with operation of 
 the draft, 3,465 persons have been convicted or 
 have pleaded guilty, and 181 have been acquitted. 
 Under the Espionage Act, which has been 
 stretched to cover many varying cases of dis- 
 loyalty, there have been 226 convictions and 17 
 acquittals. Under general war statutes, 228 have 
 been convicted and 89 acquitted. Twenty-three 
 persons have been found guilty of making 
 threats against the President and ten acquitted 
 on this charge." 
 
 The records of the Department of Justice on June 8, 1918, 
 showed a total of 1,180 persons prosecuted under the Espionage 
 Act, of whom 210 plead guilty, 142 were dismissed, 125 con- 
 victed and 31 were acquitted. The remaining 672 cases were 
 pending in the courts on that date. 
 
 Under the act making threats against the President a 
 criminal offense, there have been a total of 60 persons prose- 
 cuted, of whom 23 plead guilty, 2 were dismissed, 12 convicted, 
 and 2 acquitted. Twenty-one cases are pending. 
 
 787 cases have been brought under one or another criminal 
 statutes — many of which have to do with utterances in speech 
 or print. 
 
 As compared with these figures the cases under federal 
 laws in the Bureau's list cover about 17% of the total. The 
 cases of mob violence are doubtless more complete. 
 
I. MOB VIOLENCE. 
 
 Including all reported cases of violence to the persoh by groups of 
 citizens acting without authority of law. It is significant that in only 
 two cases (Robert P. Prager, and the Bisbee I. W. W. deportations) were 
 the mob leaders prosecuted, and that in only 11 cases out of 124 do our 
 records show that the victims were prosecuted by the authorities for 
 what the mob charged was their disloyalty. 
 
 1. For Alleged Personal Disloyalty. 
 
 a. General Cases. 
 
 4/8/17. Baltimore, Md. — Peace meeting addressed by 
 David Starr Jordan attacked by mob. 
 
 New York City. — During the summer of 1917 
 
 many meetings of the Socialist Party and the Friends of Irish 
 Freedom were broken up by soldier mobs. 
 
 7/2/17. Boston, Mass. — Peace parade of Socialist Party 
 broken up and headquarters wrecked by mob of soldiers and 
 sailors. 
 
 8/23/17. York, S. C— Rev. W. T. Sims, negro preacher, 
 lynched for alleged opposition to the draft. 
 
 9/9/17. Milwaukee, Wis. — Several Italians shot in street 
 riot after a loyalty meeting. 
 
 10/2/17. Pasadena, Cal. — Conference of Christian Paci- 
 fists broken up by mob of Home Guards. 
 
 10/30/17. Newport, Ky.— Rev. Herbert S. Bigelow, a pro- X 
 war radical, kidnapped and horsewhipped by mob "in the 
 name of the women and children of Belgium." 
 
 11/15/17. Newport, Ark. — Rev. J. H. Ellis, negro preacher, y^ 
 held for 96 days on flimsy charge of "treason." When released 
 from jail beaten by mob of white citizens and officials. 
 
 11/22/17. Osakis, Minn.— E. H. Stratemeyer tarred and 
 feathered for alleged disloyalty. 
 
 12/4/17. Hugo, Colo.— Henry Dutsch, tarred and feath- 
 ered by Vigilantes for alleged seditious utterances. 
 
 5 
 
12/10/17. St. Louis, Mo.— Emmett Oburn beaten for neg- 
 lect to stand up while Star Spangled Banner was being played 
 at a meeting. . 
 
 12/25/17. Brenham, Tex. — Six German farmers whipped 
 to make, them subscribe to the Red Cross. 
 
 1/5/18. Hartford, Conn. — Maximilian Von Hoegen beaten, 
 nose broken, forced to kiss flag. 
 
 1/13/18. Philadelphia, Pa. — Paul Beilfuss, rescued by po- 
 lice from mob which threatened to lynch him for disloyal 
 remarks. 
 
 1/22/18. Mitchell, S. D.— Wm. C. Rempfer, deported after 
 Socialist State Convention broken up by police. 
 
 1/28/18. Elkins, W. Va.— L. H. Keenan, Socialist lawyer, 
 tarred and feathered for alleged disloyalty. 
 
 2/12/18. Staunton, 111. — Severino Oberden, a labor organ- 
 izer, and J. L. Metzen, his attorney, beaten by mob in police 
 station at Staunton, 111. Later tarred. Many other cases of 
 violence in this mining region for alleged disloyalty, notably 
 Marysville, Hillsboro, Worden, Mt. Olive, Gillespie and 
 Williamson. 
 
 3/13/18. Ottumwa, la.— Leon Battig, a teacher, painted 
 yellow by mob on suspicion of disloyalty. 
 
 3/16/18. Scotland, S. D.— Wm. Rempfer, Socialist State 
 Secretary, and August Friederich driven out of town by threat 
 of tar and feathers. 
 
 3/21/18. Altus, Okla.— O. F. Westbrook and Henry Hoff- 
 man beaten, tarred and feathered for alleged disloyalty. 
 
 \. 
 
 3/20/18. Yerington, Nev. — Elmer White beaten with iron ^^ 
 cat-*o-nine tails for disloyal remarks. -^ 
 
 3/23/18. Christopher, 111. — ^Rev. j'ohn Kovalsky and two 
 
 others tarred and feathered for alleged disloyalty. 
 
 3/25/18. Benton, 111. — Mrs. Frances Bergen, a Bohemian, 
 ridden on a rail by mob of Loyalty Leaguers for alleged pro- 
 Germanism. 
 
 3/2r»/18. Duluth, Minn. — Gust Lundin, Socialist, tarred 
 and feathered by Knights of Liberty. 
 
3/28/18. Clarksvilie, Ark. — Frank Oberlee, tarred, feath- 
 ered and driven out of town. 
 
 3/28/18. Hartford, Ark. — Six alleged pro-Germans who 
 
 were later declared loyal by agents of Dept. of Justice, beaten, 
 forced to kiss the flag and thrown into jail. 
 
 3/31/18. Ashland, Wis.— Prof. E. A. Schimler, tarred and 
 feathered by mob. 
 
 4/2/18. Lasalle, III. — Dr. J. C. Bienneman ducked in canal 
 and ordered out of town after being forced to kiss the' flag. 
 The stores of Henry Mueller and Regas Bros, were painted 
 yellow. 
 
 4/4/18. Sulphur, Okla.— -H. C. Capers, 72 years old, head 
 shaved by crowd of men awaiting draft call, for alleged pro- 
 Germanism. 
 
 4/5/18. CoUinsville, III.— -Robert P. Prager, lynched by 
 mob because of alleged pro-German utterances. Mob leaders 
 tried and acquitted. 
 
 4/6/18. Jefferson City, Mo.^ — Fritz Monal whipped and 
 forced to kiss the flag. 
 
 4/7/18. Seward, Neb. — ^William Grats tarred and feath- 
 ered for alleged pro-Germanism. 
 
 4/8/18. Mounds, 111.— -Norman M. Harris, editor, beaten 
 by a mob for alleged disloyal utterances. 
 
 4/8/18. Hartford, Conn. — Home guards broke up Socialist 
 rally. 
 
 4/9/18. Monroe, N. Y. — A. C. Richter, beaten until un^ 
 conscious for remarks opposing the draft. " 
 
 4/10/17. Elk City, Okla.— Rev. Wm. M. Hicks, tarred and 
 feathered for promoting World Peace League. 
 
 4/11/18. Ashland, Wis. — Adolph Anton, tarred and feath- 
 ered for alleged pro-Germanism. 
 
 4/11/18. Salt Lake City, Utah.— -Wm. Prisse, thrown into 
 a dough bin and nearly smothered for alleged pro-German 
 remarks. 
 
 4/12/18. Omaha, Neb.— Mrs. Margaret Selby, beaten bj 
 Lithuanian women for alleged insult to the flag. 
 
4/13/18. Santa Fe, N. M.— John M. Birkner, tarred and 
 feathered by convicts in prison while held on charge of dis- 
 loyalty. 
 
 4/13/18. Medford, Ore. — George Maynard, member In- 
 ternational Bible Students' Assn., iron cross painted on body, 
 driven from town. 
 
 4/13/18. Montrose, Mich. — ^Mrs. Harley Stafford, tarred 
 and feathered for "disloyal remarks." 
 
 4/14/18. Holland, 0. — ^Three men tarred and feathered 
 and made to kiss the flag. 
 
 4/15/18. Kansas City, Mo. — Three men painted yellow by 
 fellow workmen for alleged remark, "To hell with the Liberty 
 Loan." 
 
 4/16/18. Woodlawn, Pa. — Three Austrian workmen tarred 
 for alleged disloyalty. 
 
 4/16/18. Tulsa, Okla. — John Kubecka, beaten, tarred and 
 feathered by the "Knights of Liberty" for alleged disloyal 
 remarks. 
 
 4/17/18. Pittsburg, Pa.-— Leo J. Eschm^n, mobbed by 300- 
 munition workers, led by girls. 
 
 4/17/18. Newellton, La.-— Wm. A. Hunter, 68 years old, 
 tarred and feathered for not buying Liberty Bonds, though 
 he had bought $5,000 worth. 
 
 4/19/18. Collinsvilie, Okla. — Henry Rheimer, hanged by 
 mob till almost dead because suspected of disloyalty. 
 
 4/20/18. Clovis, N. M. — L. Smith, a Socialist, tarred and 
 feathered. 
 
 4/21/18. Firewater, Ore. — Unknown person, rescued from 
 mob which threatened to lynch him for distributing circular 
 attacking suppression of "The Finished Mystery." 
 
 4/22/18. McPherson, Kans. — Walter Cooperider, tarred 
 and feathered for alleged seditious remarks. His father, a 
 bed-ridden man 90 years old, forced to kiss the flag. 
 
 4/22/18. Canonsburg, Pa. — Stephen Melanos, a Greek, 
 thrown into a creek for refusing to buy a Liberty Bond. 
 
 4/23/18. Wynnewood, Okla. — Claud Watson, a farmer, 
 
 8 
 
tarred and feathered by 50 drafted men waiting to entrain. 
 Negro was hired to lash his back. 
 
 4/25/18. Bessemer, Ala.— J, Will McNabb, handcuffed to 
 a post for three hours for alleged disloyalty. 
 
 4/26/18. New Brunswick^ N. J. — S. H. Chovenson, Rutgers 
 student, secretary Socialist local, covered with molasses and 
 feathers by fellow-students for alleged disloyalty. 
 
 4/27/18. Wichita Falls, Tex. — George Geanapolus, tarred 
 and feathered by a mob of business men for refusal to buy a 
 bond and to aid the Red Cross. 
 
 4/27/18. Pittsburg, Pa. — Unknown foreigner, tarred and 
 feathered for making remarks against the Liberty Loan. 
 
 4/27/18. San Francisco, Cal. — Carl Schultz, intimidated 
 by "Knights of Liberty" who placed rope around his neck and 
 caused him to leave town. 
 
 4/27/18. Excelsior Springs, Mo. — btto Scharf and Rudolph 
 Gustoff, painted yellow and forced to kiss the flag by mob. 
 
 4/30/18. Walnut Ridge, Ark.— Charles Franke, E. J. 
 French, W. B. Duncan and C. B. GriflPen, taken from jail and 
 tarred and feathered for selling "The Kingdom News," a peri- 
 odical of the International Bible Students' Assn. 
 
 4/30/1,8. Robinson, Pa. — Albert Phillips, tarred and feath- 
 ered by Austrians for refusal to buy bonds and support Y. M. 
 C. A. and Red Cross. 
 
 . b. Mob Violence — Forced by Mobs to Kiss the Flag, 
 
 12/20/17. Pine Bluff, Ark.— George Carlisle. 
 
 2/2/18. Canton, O.— Harry Rogalski. 
 
 2/28/18. Connellsville, Pa. — Tony Senkis, also painted 
 green by the mob. 
 
 2/28/18. Trenton, N. J.— Eliz. and Margaret Paine. 
 
 3/3/18. Boston, Mass. — Unknown young man. 
 3/28/18. Lewistown, Mont. — Edward Foster. 
 3/28/18. Brooklyn, N. Y.— Harry Meyer. 
 
 4/2/18. Canton, 0.— Wm. Zerbe. , 
 
 9 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
4/2/18. Fremont, O.— Fred K. Bollman, Fred Kolbe. 
 
 4/4/18. Athens, 111 John W. Rynders. 
 
 4/8/18. Reno, Nev. — W. Merriman. 
 
 4/9/18. Lincoln, Neb.—C. H. Peter. 
 
 4/17/18. Portchester, N. Y.— Louis Dudas. 
 
 4/27/18. Anaconda, Mont.— H. C. Lind. 
 
 4729/18: Cleveland, O. — German musician, name unknown. 
 
 2. Industrial Causes 
 
 Involving primarily the I. W. W, 
 
 7/10/18. Jerome, Ariz. — Seventy miners loaded into cattle 
 cars and sent into California by gunmen of the United Verde 
 Copper Co. 
 
 7/12/17. Bisbee, Aiiz. — Over 1,000 miners forcibly de- 
 ported from their homes to the desert by loyalty league organ- 
 ized by employers. Many deported were I. W. W. members. 
 
 7/23/17. Aberdeen, S. D.— G. J. Bourg, L W. W. organizer, 
 seized and taken to jail, later put into an auto with Chief of 
 Police and two others, taken outside of town where mob of 
 business men beat him with clubs while he was held face to 
 the ground, 
 
 8/1/17. Butte, Mont. — Frank Little, member executive 
 board I, W. W. hanged by masked mob. 
 
 8/11/17. Oakland, Cal. — I. W. W. headquarters wrecked 
 by mob of soldiers. 
 
 8/22/17. Duluth, Minn.— I. W. W. hall wrecked by mob 
 of SQldiers. "^ 
 
 8/29/17. Franklin, N. J.— John Avila, I. W. W. organizer, 
 taken in an auto to the woods and hung to a tree by Chief 
 of Police and mob of business men. Cut down when uncon- 
 scious. 
 
 10/4/17. Stuttgart, Ark. — Luck Laur, whipped, tarred 
 and feathered and driven out of town for being an L W. W. 
 
 11/9/17. Tulsa, Okla.— 17 L W. W. prisoners taken forci- 
 bly from the police, beaten, tarred and feathered "in the name 
 of the women and children of Belgium," by mob of citizens 
 and officials calling themselves **The Knights of Liberty." 
 
 10 
 
11/17/17. Red Lodge, Mont.— Sec'y Finnish I. W. W., and 
 
 several other labor leaders beaten and tortured by mining 
 company representatives, after mock hearings in the court 
 house. 
 
 11/28/17. Red Lodge, Mont.— Emil Koski, I. W. W. mem- 
 ber, beaten by Liberty Committee. 
 
 1/5/18. Seattle, Wash. — ^Piggott Printing Co. (printer of 
 Industrial Worker and Seattle Call), plant wrecked by mob 
 of sailors. 
 
 2/20/18. Butte, Mont.— Mell Hathaway, L W. W. member, 
 horse-whipped and driven out of town. Not found since. 
 
 3/17/18. Yerington, Nev. — L W. W. organizer, tarred and 
 feathered for "incendiary remarks." 
 
 3/9/18. Yakima, Wash.— H. B. Myers, SecV I. W. W., 
 tarred and feathered. 
 
 4/13/18. Muskogee, Okla.— J. A. Lewis, I. W. W. organ- 
 izer, taken from jail and deported. 
 
 4/15/18. Jerome, Ariz. — Wm. W;^Idrop, I. W. W. organ- 
 izer, tarred and feathered. 
 
 3. Political Causes 
 
 Involving primarily the Nortr-Partisan League, 
 
 2/12/18. Lakefield, Minn. — James Manahan, Non-Partisan 
 League attorney, driven out of town. 
 
 3/8/18. Kenyon, Minn. — George Breidel, N-P. League 
 organfiser, dragged from a moving picture show and put on an 
 outgoing train. 
 
 4/4/18. Mineola, Texas. — Several organizers of Non- 
 partisan League badly beaten and driven out of town. 
 
 4/26/18. Winlock, Wash.— Alfred Knutson and W. R. 
 'Edwards, organizers for the Non-Partisan League, tarred and 
 driven out of town. 
 
 4/29/18. Winlock, Wash.— W^ R. Edwards, tarred and 
 driven out of Toledo, near WinloclP, second time. 
 
 4/29/18. Sultan, Wash.— Joseph 0. Golden, Non-Partisan 
 League organizer, seized and taken in auto by young thugs, 
 tarred, feathered and beaten with a revolver. 
 
 11 
 
II. ESPIONAGE ACT AND TREASON CASES. 
 
 (Including also cases under act relating to threats against the President) 
 
 1. Convictions. 
 
 a. For Statements in Private Conversation or 
 Correspondence. 
 
 12/13/17. Seattle, Wash.— Louise Olivereau, sentenced to 
 10 years on several indictments, charging interference with 
 the draft. 
 
 1/17/18. Parkersburg, W. Va.— Paul Bosko, 15 years for 
 talk about conscription. 
 
 1/31/18. Tacoma, Wash.— Seven I. W. W.'s, five years, 
 for alleged disloyal remarks made in conversation. 
 
 2/24/18. Van Meter, la. — Abe Moore, convicted of alleged 
 attack on Red Cross and recommending resistance to the draft. 
 
 3/9/18. Fargo, N. D.— Robert Harden, an I. W. W., 2 yrs. 
 for threatening the life of President Wilson. 
 
 3/14/18. Scranton, Pa.— George Smith, fined $50 for cir- 
 culating false reports about the Navy. 
 
 3/21/18. Burlington, Vt.— Harold Mackley, 15 years for 
 disloyal remarks. 
 
 3/_/18. Elizabeth, W. Va.— H. E. IKirchner, 2 years for 
 seditious utterances. 
 
 4/5/18. Toledo, O. — Elias Gracely, convicted on charge of 
 threatening the President. 
 
 4/11/18. Sioux Falls, S. D. — Conrad Kornemann, convicted 
 for denouncing the Liberty Loan in a private letter. 
 
 4/18/18. Lincoln, Neb. — ^Rev. H. M. Hendricksen, con- 
 victed of obstructing recruiting and enlistment. 
 
 4/18/18. Pendleton, Ore.— Wm. Isensee, fined $500, sen- 
 tenced to 30 days for alleged disloyal remarks to bond-selling* 
 committee. 
 
 h. Convictions — For Statements in Public Addresses 
 , or Mublic Print. 
 
 10/4/17. Davenport, Iowa. — Daniel Wallace, 20 years for 
 a speech on conscription and the war. 
 
 10/2217. Trenton, N. J.— Frederick Krafft, former So- 
 
 12 
 
cialist candidate for Governor, 5 years and $1,000 for criticism 
 of conscription in a street corner speech. 
 
 10/26/17. Mankato, Minn. — A. L. Sugarman, State Sec'y 
 Socialist Party, 3 years for a speech about conscription. 
 
 10/31/17. St. Louis, Mo. — Thomas Cornell, 2 years for a 
 speech calculated to interfere with recruiting. 
 
 12/1/17. San Juan, P. R. — ^Vincente Balbas, 8 years and 
 $4,000 fine for an editorial in his paper as to drafting of Porto 
 Ricans who had declined U. S. citizenship. 
 
 12/18/17. Fargo, N. D.— Kate Richards O'Hare, 5 years 
 for "discouraging enlistments." See pamphlet published by 
 N. C. L. B. Appealed, U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals. 
 
 3/8/18. St. Louis, Mo.— A. H. Steinbeck, editor of "Re- 
 publican Headlight," fined $200 for an alleged seditious 
 editorial. 
 
 3/19/18. Providence, R. L— Joseph M. Coldwell, State 
 Sec'y Socialist Party, convicted under Espionage Act for 
 criticising the imprisonment of several conscientious objectors* 
 as deserters. 
 
 4/5/18. Marinette, Wis. — Rev. C. H. Auerswald, fined 
 $100 and costs for seditious utterances. 
 
 4/19/18. Minneapolis, Minn. — J. O. Bentall, Socialist can- 
 didate for Governor, and J. A. Peterson, Republican nominee 
 for U. S. Senate, sentenced to 5 and 4 years, respectively, for 
 speeches and articles during their campaign activities. 
 
 4/30/18. Los Angeles, Cal. — Robert Goldstein, 10 years 
 and $5,000 for producing film "Spirit of 76" disparaging the 
 British Government. 
 
 c. Convictions for Distributing Literature. 
 
 6/16/17. Topeka, Kans.— L T. Boutwell, 6 months for 
 distributing leaflet "A Good Soldier," by Jack London, to 
 drafted men. 
 
 11/2/17. Sioux Falls, S. D.— 26 Socialists sentenced from 
 1 to 2 years for circulating a petition charging unfair adminis- 
 tration of the draft. 
 
 11/2/17. Sioux Falls, S. D.— Wm. J. Head, State Socialist 
 
 13 
 
Secretary, sentenced to 3 years and $500 fine for circulating 
 a petition for the repeal of the draft law. Appealed. 
 
 11/17/17. Albany, N. Y.— Clinton Pierce, et al, 4 Socialists 
 convicted for distributing leaflet, "The Price We Pay." 
 Appealed. 
 
 12/21/17. Philadelphia, Pa.— Charles T. Schenck and Dr. 
 Eliz. Baer, convicted of conspiracy for distributing pamphlet 
 advocating the repeal of the Draft Act. Appealed. 
 
 1/11/18. Denver, Colo. — Perley Doe, 18 months for cir- 
 culating chain letter criticising the accuracy of statements 
 that the war was brought on by Germany's breaking her 
 pledges. Appealed. 
 
 1/ — /18. Des Moines, Iowa. — D. T. Blodgett, 20 years for 
 circulating leaflet advocating not re-electing Congressmen whb 
 voted for conscription. 
 
 3/21/18. Burlington, Vt.— Rev. C. A. Waldron, 15 years 
 for distributing a religious pacifist pamphlet. 
 
 2. Indictments. Found, Trial Pending 
 
 {or held since May 1st) 
 
 9/28/17. Chicago, 111.— 109 I. W. W. leaders on trial for 
 conspiracy to obstruct the execution of various war statutes. 
 
 11/17/17. Fresno, Cal.— 35 I. W. W.'s indicted under 
 Espionage Act for obstructing war industries. 
 
 11/24/17. New York, N. Y.— Jeremiah A. O'Leary and 
 
 others, indicted for conspiracy in attempting to mail non- 
 mailable matter. 
 
 11/26/17. New York, N. Y.— Max Eastman, Floyd Dell, 
 C. Merrill Rogers, Arthur Young, John Reed, H. J. Glinten- 
 hamp and Josephine Bell, editors and writers in "The Masses," 
 indicted for publishing articles and cartoons interfering with 
 enlistments. 
 
 ll/_/17. Sioux Falls, S. D.— Former U. S. Senator R. F. 
 Pettigrew, indicted under the Espionage Act for writing in 
 opposition to the war. 
 
 11/ — /17. St. Louis, Mo. — C. J. Henninger and A. Jablow- 
 sky, indicted for attributing sordid motives to people eager 
 for war. 
 
 14 
 
 
12/1/17. Portland, Ore. — Floyd Ramp, a Socialist, indicted 
 for alleged seditious utterances to a crowd of draftees. 
 
 12/7/17. St. Louis, Mo.— Harry Turner, editor *'Much 
 Ado," indicted for alleged disloyal sentiments expressed in 
 private letters. 
 
 12/— /17. Hilland, S. D.— Fred Fairchild, indicted under 
 Espionage Act for stating in argument that he would refuse 
 to serve if drafted. 
 
 1/28/18. Kansas City, Kan. — Dr. Adolph Koerber, arrested 
 on indictment alleging seditious utterances. 
 
 2/6/18. Evansville, Ind. — Tobias Haupt, labor leader, held 
 in §10,000 bail for violation of Espionage Act, for making a 
 casual remark to a fellow workman. 
 
 2/8/17. Sacramento, Cal. — 55 I. W. W. members, indicted 
 for violation of Espionage Act, on charge of fomenting strikes. 
 
 2/13/18. Johnson City, Tenn.— Will Martin, indicted for 
 seditious remarks. 
 
 2/ — /18. Tonopah, Nev. — Al Shidler, active Socialist, in- 
 dicted for seditious utterances. 
 
 ^ 3/5/18. Minneapolis, Minn. — Indictments against Ludwig 
 Schauf hausen and Henry Nagel for advocating that citizens of 
 U. S. should not aid the Government in the prosecution of the 
 war. 
 
 3/5/18. Fargo, N. D.— J. H. Wishek, indicted for alleged 
 remark that ''banks having large holdings of Liberty Bonds 
 are unsafe for people to keep their money in." 
 
 3/11/17. Chicago, 111. — Victor Berger, Louis Engdahl, 
 Adolph Germer, Wm. Kxiise and Irwin St. John Tucker, in- 
 dicted for conspiracy to violate Espionage Act through the 
 war statements of the Socialist Party. 
 
 3/15/18. Wichita, Kans.— 35 I. W. W.'s indicted under 
 Espionage Act for ''disloyalty." 
 
 3/22/18. New York City.— Scott Nearing, indicted for 
 writing a pamphlet, "The Great Madness." 
 
 3/23/18. Kansas City, Mo. — Rose Pastor Stokes, indicted 
 for a signed communication to the Kansas City "Star" about 
 a speech delivered by her on the War and profiteers. 
 
 15 
 
3/— /18. New York City.— Dr. William J. Robinson, in- 
 dicted for articles in his personal periodical, "A Voice in the 
 Wilderness." 
 
 4/3/18. Monroe, La. — Sarah Story, 76 years old, indicted 
 for distributing *The Finished Mystery." Fred Gaebler in- 
 dicted for alleged seditious utterances. 
 
 4/10/18. New York, N. Y. — Onofray Marakenko, indicted 
 for alleged attempt to induce Russians here to oppose the war. 
 
 4/17/18. Cape Girardeau, Mo.-— Rev. M. D. Collins, Rev. 
 E. C. Shutt and Wm. Wagner, indicted for alleged disloyal 
 utterances. 
 
 4/23/18. Richmond, Ky. — David M. Meyers, indicted for 
 alleged disloyalty and draft obstruction. 
 
 4/28/18. Phoenix, Ariz.— Ed. McNally, pleaded not guilty 
 to indictment for alleged disloyal remarks. 
 
 3. Acquittals in Espionage Act, Draft Act 
 and Treason Cases. 
 
 7/11/17. Baltimore, Md.— R. E. Baker and J. M. Wilhide, 
 
 acquitted of violation of Section 3 of the Espionage Act in 
 distributing **The Price We Pay" at a recruiting meeting. 
 
 10/18/17. Grand Rapids, Mich. — Adolph Germer et al, 
 
 acquitted on charge of conspiracy to violate the draft act in 
 circulating "The Price We Pay," and the Socialist, Party 
 "Proclamation and War Program." 
 
 10/25/17. Louisville, Ky. — Edmund Groeschl, acquitted of 
 violation of Espionage Act in distributing Socialist Labor 
 Party leaflet about conscription. 
 
 10/ — /17. Bay City, Mich. — John Peterson, acquitted of 
 violation of Espionage Act, by wearing button inscribed "Not 
 a dollar, not a man for war." 
 
 1/27/18. Butte, Mont.— Ves Hall, acquitted of violation of 
 Espionage Act in cursing the President. 
 
 2/7/18. Denver, Colo. — W. B. Tanner, jury disagreed on 
 charge of attempting to cause disloyalty and to obstruct re- 
 cruiting by remarks in private conversation. Later acquitted. 
 
 2/9/18. Denver, Colo. — Orlando Hitt, acquitted on charge 
 of seditious utterances in private conversation. 
 
 16 
 
2/15/18. Brooklyn, N. Y. — Paul Hennig, acquitted of 
 charge of treason for alleged tampering with torpedo gyro- 
 scope parts. 
 
 3/14/18. Indianapolis, Ind. — 13 Montenegrins acquitted by 
 direction of Judge of conspiracy to violate draft. 
 
 3/19/18. Indianapolis, Ind. — Joseph Zimmerman, Socialist, 
 
 acquitted of charge of violation of Espionage Act, ' seditious 
 utterances in a public speech advocating the withdrawal of 
 the U. S. from the war. 
 
 3/23/18. Baltimore, Md. — Edw. Otis, Russian sailor, ac- 
 quitted of charge of tampering with steering gear of ship. 
 
 3/26/18. Philadelphia, Pa.— -Adolph Werner and Martin 
 Darkow, editors of Philadelphia "Tageblatt," acquitted on 
 charge of treason, based on alleged pro-German editorials. 
 
 4/ — /1 8. Shreveport, La. — State Senator S. J. Harper, 
 
 acquitted of wilfully interfering with military forces in dis- 
 tributing pamphlet. 
 
 4/13/18. Kansas City, Kans. — Eva Harding and several 
 others, acquitted of conspiracy to violate the Draft Act. 
 
 HI. OBSTRUCTING THE DRAFT ACT. 
 
 Including only those cases in which individuals were charged with 
 inducing men of military age not to comply with the provisions of the 
 draft act. The very numerous court cases of men" of military age who 
 refused or failed to comply with the act are omitted. (Records of De- 
 partment of Justice, June 8, 1918, show 4,064 prosecutions for failure to 
 register, and 430 for evading or aiding in evading other provisions of the 
 draft act.) 
 
 6/15/17. Orofino, Idaho.— Edw. Hofstede, in jail five 
 months before trial, sentenced^ to 4 months on charge of ad- 
 vising young men not to register. 
 
 6/ — /17. Columbus, Ohio.— A. A. Hennacy and H. E. 
 Townsley, 2 years for advising refusal to register. 
 
 7/21/18. Cleveland, O.—C. E. Ruthenberg, C. Baker and 
 A. Wagenknecht, 1 year for inducing man not to register. 
 Supreme Court affirmed sentence 1/15/17. 
 
 10/12/17. Freeport, 111. — James Cully, convicted of incit- 
 ing resistance to conscription. 
 
 10/23/17. New York, N. Y.— -C. R. Cheyney and L. C. 
 Fraina, 30 days each for conspiracy to violate Draft Act, by 
 
 17 
 
remarks made in public meeting on conscientious objectors. 
 Appealed. 
 
 10/23/17. Minneapolis, Minn. — J. O. Bentall, active So- 
 cialist, sentenced to 1 year for advising men not to register. 
 
 10/ — /17. Cincinnati, Ohio. — 16 Socialists indicted for 
 conspiracy for advising men not to register. 
 
 1/15/18. New York, N. Y.— Emma Goldman and Alexan- 
 der Berkman, sentenced to 2 years and $10,000 fine for con- 
 spiracy to violate conscription act, upheld by U. S. Supreme 
 Court. Same decision applies to L. BLramer and M. Becker, 
 who refused to register on ground of unconstitutionality of 
 Draft Act. 
 
 1/17/18. San Francisco, CaL— Daniel O'Connell, 2 years 
 for violating draft law. Appealed. 
 
 3/19/18. Seattle, Wash.— Hulet M. Wells, Sam Sadler, Joe 
 and Morris Pass, 2 years each for seditious conspiracy to ob- 
 struct the draft. 
 
 IV. PROSECUTIONS UNDER WAR-TIME STATE AND 
 
 CITY LAWS. 
 
 The cases here given are only a fractional part of the total. The 
 records are difficult to secure for they are carried only in the local press. 
 Many prosecutions for war-time offences are brought under general 
 ordinances, such as "disturbing the peace," "disorderly conduct," etc., 
 and it is difficult to distinguish them. 
 
 New York City. — During August and September, 1917, 
 many persons v^ere convicted and sentenced to short terms or 
 fined for street speaking. Among them were Hyman Levinson, 
 Robert Haimowitz and Fannie Kapel. 
 
 9/28/17. Two Harbors, Minn.— Allan S. Broms of St. Paul, 
 
 90 days for utterances attacking the war, constituting disor- 
 derly conduct. 
 
 Bemidji, Minn. — Jesse Dunning, 2 years for hav- 
 ing E. G. Flynn's and Emile Pouget's books on sabotage on sale. 
 
 11/10/17. Atlantic, la.— W. Theo. Woodward, 6 months 
 and $600 for belonging to the People's Council, a violation of 
 a state law. Prison sentence suspended. 
 
 11/12/17. Duluth, Minn. — Scott Nearing and 3 others, 
 
 arrested for vagrancy during raid on People's Council meeting. 
 Nearing fined $50 and others acquitted. 
 
 18 
 
11/23/17. Faribault, Minn.— Oliver Smith, Wm. Van Hunt, 
 
 indicted for seditious utterances. 
 
 11/30/17. Faribault, Minn.— E. B. Ford, Eliz. Ford and 
 Ed. Bosky, $500 and 1 year for "discouraging enlistment" by 
 editorial in their paper. 
 
 12/8/17. Los Angeles, Cal.— Robert Whitaker, Floyd 
 Hardin and Harold Story, sentenced to 6 months and an aggre- 
 gate fine of $1,200 for unlawful assembly in connection with 
 Christian Pacifist Conference. See pamphlet published by 
 N. C. L. B. 
 
 12/8/17. Portland, Ore.— J. M. Beck, a Socialist, $50 and 
 20 days in jail for distributing a pamphlet without a license. 
 
 12/28/17. San Francisco, Cal. — Alexander Horr, 6 months 
 for disorderly conduct in connection with Scott Nearing 
 meeting. 
 
 1/2/18. Media, Pa. — M. Logeda and Wm. Derman, "guilty 
 under Civil War statute of inciting to riot, resisting arrest and 
 preaching against the President and Congress." 
 
 1/11/18. Nome, Alaska. — Bruce Rogers, convicted of vio- 
 lation of territorial sedition act for printing "We must make 
 the world safe for democracy if we have to 'bean' the Goddess 
 of Liberty to do it." 
 
 1/20/18. Muskogee, Okla. — Fred Baker, convicted of mak- 
 ing derogatory remarks about his country. 
 
 2/11/18. Alexandria, Minn.— Carl A. Wold, editor of Park 
 Region "Echo," 3 months and $200 for seditious editorial. 
 
 2/26/18. St. Paul, Minn.— A. C. Townley and Jos. Gilbert, 
 
 Pres. and Sec'y Non-Partisan League, indicted for circulating 
 pamphlets "tending to discourage enlistments." Gilbert sen- 
 tenced to 1 year* Appealed. 
 
 2/ — /18. Yerington, Nev. — Peter Slaugh, $15 and costs 
 for "loud talking" in connection with alleged seditious remarks. 
 
 3/9/18. Niagara Falls, N. Y. — Stanley Lindenberg,, Sec'y 
 Socialist Local, 6 months for having "defied, cast contempt 
 upon and defiled the flag of the U. S." 
 
 3/19/18. Passaic, N. J.— John Matehwski, fined $100 for 
 disloyal utterances. 
 
 19 
 
3/29/18. Brooklyn, N. Y.— John Ferlan, 3 months for al- 
 leged seditious utterances. 
 
 4/6/18. Sacramento, CaL— Five I. W. W.'s indicted for 
 conspiracy to hamper the government in its prosecution of the 
 war. 
 
 4/10/18. New York, N. Y.— Henry Schneider, 6 months 
 for sneering at Liberty Loan. 
 
 4/18/18. Mankato, Minn. — Joseph Widman, indicted for 
 seditious utterances. 
 
 4/4/18. Los Angeles, Cal. — Sani Jesky, 90 days for alleged 
 seditious utterances. 
 
 4/6/18. Los Angeles, CaL — A. Rothenpieler, convicted of 
 alleged seditious utterances. 
 
 4/18/18. Minneapolis, Minn. — Carl F. Groseneck and 
 George W. Freer ks, under indictment for * 'orally advocating 
 that citizens should not aid the government in the prosecution 
 of the war." 
 
 V. INTERFERENCE BY PUBLIC OFFICIALS WITH 
 RIGHT OF PEACEFUL ASSEMBLAGE. 
 
 8/21/17. Hanover, Minn.— Sheriff of Hennepin Co., with 
 deputies went to Hanover, Wright Co., and broke up meeting 
 called to form a People's Council local. 
 
 9/16/17. Hartford, Conn.— A. E. Whitehead and Annie R. 
 Hale, arrested while speaking at People's Council meeting. 
 
 9/5/17. Minneapolis, Minn. — People's Council forbidden 
 by Governor to hold convention. 
 
 9/7/17. Chicago, 111.— People's Council Convention broken 
 up by state militia under Governor's orders. 
 
 In November, Scott Nearing meetings interfered with at 
 Duluth, Minn., San Francisco and San Jose, Cal. 
 
 11/12/17. Omaha, Neb. — Construction Workers conven- 
 tion of I. W. W. raided, hall wrecked and 65 members arrested. 
 
 1/28/18. Parkston, S. D.— Socialist Party State Conven- 
 tion broken up by police. 
 
 3/2/18. Buffalo, N. Y.— Socialist Party meeting, Mrs. 
 Kate Richard O'Hare speaking, forbidden by City Council. 
 
 20 
 
4/5/18. New York, N. Y. — Police close hall where Scott 
 Nearing intended to speak under auspices of the Socialist 
 Party. 
 
 In many places in Minnesota during the last few months 
 the Non-Partisan League has been forbidden to hold meetings. 
 Individual cases are too numerous and information is too in- 
 complete to mention. 
 
 VI. SEARCH AND SEIZURE. 
 
 Including only the important cases. While most of these raids were 
 made with proper warrants, some of them were not, even when conducted 
 by federal agents. Scores of minor raids by local officials have been 
 conducted without lawful warrants. 
 
 1. I. W. W. Cases. 
 
 9/5/17. Every I. W. W. Hall in the country raided by 
 federal officers. 
 
 11/13/17. Miami, Ariz.— I. W. W. hall and office of the 
 Local Defense Council raided by cavalry, deputy sheriffs and 
 agents of the Dept. of Justice. All literature and records were 
 taken. 
 
 11/17/17. Fresno, CaL— House of Fred Little, an I. W. W., 
 raided for third time by Federal officers. 
 
 12/17/17. Chicago, Ill.—I. W. W. headquarters raided and 
 occupied for 12 days by Federal officers. Several thousand 
 dollars' worth of literature was confiscated. 
 
 12/20/17. Seattle, Wash.— I. W. W. Defense Committee 
 
 headquarters and offices of Industrial Worker raided by federal 
 officers with search warrant who seized all records, furniture, 
 etc. 
 
 12/21/17. Cleveland, O.— Plant of International Publishing 
 
 Co. raided by agents of Department of Justice and many I. W. 
 W. and Socialist posters seized. 
 
 2/23/18. Portland, Ore.— I. W. W. hall raided and wrecked 
 by federal authorities looking for draft slackers. 
 
 2. International Bible Students' 
 Association. 
 
 3/1/18. Brooklyn, N. Y. — Two auto loads of literature 
 seized by Military Intelligence Bureau. 
 
 21 
 
3/3/18. Los Angeles, Cal. — Three thousand copies of "The 
 Finished Mystery" seized by the Military Intelligence Bureau. 
 
 3/5/18. Hazelton, Pa. — Headquarters I. B. S. A. raided 
 and 200 books confiscated by American Protective League 
 agents. 
 
 3/16/18. Fort Worth, Texas.— 5,000 copies "The Finished 
 Mystery" seized by federal officials. 
 
 3/17/18. St. Louis, Mo.— 10,000 copies "The Finished 
 Mystery" seized by agents of Dept. of Justice. 
 
 3/23/18. Lisbon, 0.— Fifteen copies of "The Finished 
 Mystery" seized by Sheriff on orders from federal authorities. 
 
 3/24/18. Galveston, Tex.— 45,000 copies of "The Finished 
 Mystery" seized by federal deputy marshal. 
 
 3. Other Cases. 
 
 9/5/17. Chicago, 111.— Offices of National Socialist Party 
 raided by Federal officers. 
 
 9/13/17. Toledo, O. — Scott Nearing's house raided by 
 Federal officers. 
 
 9/14/17. Detroit, Mich.— Offices of Socialist Labor Party 
 
 raided by Federal authorities. Books and literature seized. 
 
 9/29/17. Columbus, O. — Social Labor Party offices raided. 
 
 12/29/17. San Francisco, Cal. — House of Alexander and 
 Louise Harding Horr raided while owners were in jail in de- 
 fault of excessive bail exacted after their arrest on charge of 
 "not moving on." 
 
 1/23/18. Los Angeles, Cal.— Norbert Myles, held for 5 
 days without warrant by military authorities. 
 
 1/23/18. Cleveland, O.— Socialist Party offices raided by 
 
 Federal officers. 
 
 3/27/18. San Francisco, Cal.— People's Council office 
 raided by officials several times (including also 11/22/17). 
 
 22 
 
- ^.„iiiii-l- 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Page 
 
 Anton, Adolph 7 
 
 Avila, John 10 
 
 Auerswald, Rev. C. H. 13 
 
 Austrian Workmen (3) 8 
 
 Baer, Dr. Eliz 14 
 
 Balbas, Vincente 13 
 
 Battig, Leon 6 
 
 Baker, R. E 16 
 
 Baker, C 17 
 
 Baker, F 19 
 
 Beck, J. M 19 
 
 Berkman, Alexander 18 
 
 Becker, M 18 
 
 Beilfiiss, Paul 6 
 
 Bell, Josephine 14 
 
 Bentall, J. 13, 18 
 
 Berger, Victor 15 
 
 Bergen, Mrs. Frances 6 
 
 Bienneman, Dr 7 
 
 Bigelow, Herbert 6 
 
 Birkner, John 8 
 
 Blodgett, D. T 14 
 
 Bellman, Frederick 10 
 
 Bosco, Paul 12 
 
 Bosky, Edward 19 
 
 Bourg, G. J 10 
 
 Boutwell, I. T 13 
 
 Breidel, George 11 
 
 Broms, Allan S 18 
 
 Capers, H. C 7 
 
 Carlisle, George 9 
 
 Chej^ne-y, C. R 17 
 
 Chovenson, S. H 9 
 
 Christian Pacifists 5 
 
 Coldwell, Joseph 13 
 
 Collins, Rev. M. D 16 
 
 Construction Workers' Convention 
 
 of T. W. W 20 
 
 Cooperider, Walter 8 
 
 Cornell, Thomas 13 
 
 Cully, James 17 
 
 Darkow, Martin '. 17 
 
 Dell, Tloyd 14 
 
 Derman, William 19 
 
 "Joa, Perley 14 
 
 Dudas, Louis 10 
 
 Duncan, W. B 9 
 
 Dunning, Jesse 18 
 
 Dutsch, Henry 5 
 
 Eastman, Max 14 
 
 Edwards, W. R 11 
 
 Ellis, Rev. J. H 5 
 
 Engdahl, Louis 15 
 
 Eschman, Leo J 8 
 
 Fairchild. Fred 15 
 
 Ferlan, John 20 
 
 Ford. E. B 19 
 
 Ford, Eliz. 19 
 
 Foster, Edward 9 
 
 Fraina, L. C 17 
 
 Frank, Charles 9 
 
 23 
 
 Page 
 
 Freerks, Geo. W 20 
 
 French, E. J 9 
 
 Friederich, August 6 
 
 Friends of Irish Freedom 5 
 
 Gaebler, Fred 16 
 
 Geanapolus, George 9 
 
 German Farmers (6) 6 
 
 Germer, Adolph 15 
 
 Gilbert, Joseph 19 
 
 Glintenkamp, H. J 14 
 
 Golden, Joseph 11 
 
 Goldman, Emma 18 
 
 Goldstein, Robert 13 
 
 Gracely, Elias 12 
 
 Grats, William 7 
 
 Griffen, C. B 9 
 
 Groeschl, Edmund 16 
 
 Groseneck, Carl F. , 20 
 
 Gustoff, Rudolph 9 
 
 Hale, Annie R 20 
 
 Hall, Ves , 16 
 
 Harden, Robert 12 
 
 Hardin, Floyd 19 
 
 Harding, Eva 17 
 
 Harper, S. J 17 
 
 Harris, Norman M 7 
 
 Hathaway. Mell 11 
 
 Haupt, Tobias 15 
 
 Head, Wm. J 14 
 
 Hendricksen, Rev. H. M.... 12 
 
 Hennacy, A. A 17 
 
 Hennig, Paul 17 
 
 Henninger, C. J. . . . 15 
 
 Hicks, Rev. W, M 7 
 
 Hitt, Orlando 17 
 
 Hoegen, Maximilian Von 6 
 
 Hoffman, Henry 6 
 
 Hofstede, Edward 17 
 
 Horr, Louise Harding 21 
 
 Hunter, Wm. A 8 
 
 International Bible Students' As- 
 sociation (Finished Mystery) . . 22 
 
 International Publlslilng Co 21 
 
 Isensee, William 12 
 
 L W. W 14. 15, 20, 21 
 
 Jablowski, A 15 
 
 Jesky, Sam 20 
 
 Jordan, David Starr 5 
 
 Keenan, L. H 6 
 
 Kirchner, H. E 12 
 
 Knutson, Alfred 11 
 
 Koerber, Dr. Adolph 15 
 
 Kolbe, Fred 10 
 
 Kornemann, Conrad 12 
 
 Koski, Emil 11 
 
 Kovalsky, Rev. J 6 
 
 Krafft, Frederick 13 
 
 Kruse, William 15 
 
 Kubecka, John 8 
 
'^ 
 
 Page 
 
 Laur, Lucy 10 
 
 Lewis, J. A 11 
 
 Lind, H. C 10 
 
 Lindenberg, Stanley 19 
 
 Little, Frank 10 
 
 Little. Fred . 21 
 
 Log-eda, M. 19 
 
 Lundin, Gustave 6 
 
 Mackley, Harold 12 
 
 Manahan, James 11 
 
 Marakenko, Onofray 16 
 
 Martin, Will 15 
 
 Matehwski, John 20 
 
 Maynard, George 8 
 
 Mcl^abb, Will 9 
 
 McNally, Edward ' 16 
 
 Melanos, Stephen 8 
 
 Merriman, W 10 
 
 Metzen, J. L 6 
 
 Meyer, Harry 9 
 
 Meyers, David M 16 
 
 Monal, f>itz 7 
 
 Montenegrins (13) , 17 
 
 Moore, Abe 12 
 
 Mueller, Henry 7 
 
 Myers, H. B. II 
 
 Myles, Norbert 22 
 
 Nagel, Henry 15 
 
 National Socialist Party 22 
 
 Nearing, Scott 15. 19, 20, 21, 22 
 
 Oberdan, Severino 6 
 
 Oberlee, Frank 7 
 
 Oburn, Emmett 6 
 
 O'Connel, Daniel 18 
 
 O'Hare, Mrs. Kate Richards 13, 21 
 
 O'Leary, Jeremiah A 14 
 
 Ollvereau, Louise 12 
 
 Otis, Edward 17 
 
 Paine, Elizabeth 9 
 
 Paine, Margaret 9 
 
 Pass, Joe 18 
 
 Pass, Morris 18 
 
 People's Council Local 20 
 
 People's Council Meeting. 20 
 
 Peter, C. H 10 
 
 Peterson, James A 13 
 
 Pettigrew, R. F 14 
 
 Phillips, Albert 9 
 
 Pierce, Clinton 14 
 
 Piggott Printing Co 11 
 
 Prager, Robert P 7 
 
 Prisse, William 7 
 
 Ramp, Floyd 15 
 
 Reed, John 14 
 
 Regas Bros 7 
 
 Rempfer, Wm. C 6 
 
 Rheimer, Henry 8 
 
 Richter, A. C 7 
 
 Robinson, Dr. Wm. J 16 
 
 Rogalski, Henry 9 
 
 Rogers, Bruce 19 
 
 Rogers, C. Merrill 14 
 
 Rothenpieler, A 20 
 
 Ruthenberg, C. E 17 
 
 Rynders, John W 10 
 
 Sadler, Sam 18 
 
 Scharf , Otto 9 
 
 Schaufhausen, Ludwig 15 
 
 Schenck. C. T 14. 
 
 Schimler. Prof. E. A , 7 
 
 Schneider, Harry 20 
 
 Schultz, Carl 9 
 
 Selby, Mrs. Margaret 7 
 
 Senkis, Tony 9 
 
 Shidler, Al 15 
 
 Shutt, Rev. E. C 16 
 
 Sims, Rev. W. T..... 5 
 
 Slaugh, Peter 19 
 
 Smith, G 12 
 
 Smith, L 8 
 
 Smith, 19 
 
 Socialist Labor Party 22 
 
 Socialist Party 16 
 
 Socialist Party Meeting 13 
 
 Socialist Rally 20 
 
 Socialist Party offices 22 
 
 Stafford, Mrs. ,. Harley 8 
 
 Steinbeck, A. H 13 
 
 Stokes, Rose Pastor 16 
 
 Story, Harold 19 
 
 Story, Sarah 16 
 
 Stratemeyer, E. H 5 
 
 Sugarman, A. L 13 
 
 Tanner, W. B 16 
 
 Townley. A. C 19 
 
 Townsley, H. E , 17 
 
 Tucker, Irwin St. John 15 
 
 Turner, Harry , 15 
 
 Van Hunt. William 19 
 
 Wagenknecht, A » 17 
 
 Wagner, Wm ...,-.. 16 
 
 Waldron, Rev. C. A ; • . 14 
 
 Waldrop, William 11 
 
 Wallace, Daniel- . 13 
 
 Watson, Claud 8 
 
 Wells, Hulet lb 
 
 Werner, Adolph 17 
 
 Westbrook, O. F 6 
 
 Whitaker. Robert 19 
 
 White. Elmer 6 
 
 Whitehead, A 20 
 
 Widman, Jos 20 
 
 Wilhide, J. M 16 
 
 Wishek, J. H 15 
 
 Wold, Carl A 19 
 
 Woodward, W. Theo 18 
 
 Young, Art 14 
 
 Zerbe, William 9 
 
 Zimmerman, Joseph 17 
 
 24 
 
 "11 
 
The President on Mob Violence 
 
 (July 26, 1918) 
 My Fellow Countrymen: 
 
 I take the liberty of addressing you upon a subject which so vitally affects the honor 
 of the nation and the very character and integrity of our institutions that I trust you will 
 think me justified in speaking very plainly about it. 
 
 I allude to the mob spirit which has recently here and there very frequently shown 
 its head among us, not in any single region, but in many and widely separated parts of 
 the country. There have been many lynchings, and every one of them has been a blow 
 at the heart of ordered law and humane justice. No man who loves America, no man who 
 really cares for her fame and honor and character, or who is truly loyal to her institutions, 
 can justify mob action while the courts of justice are open and the governments of the 
 states and the nation are ready and able to do their duty. We are at this very moment 
 fighting lawless passion. 
 
 Germany has outlawed herself among the nations because she has disregarded the 
 sacred obligations of law and has made lynchers of her armies. Lynchers emulate her 
 disgraceful example. I, for my part, am anxious to see every community in America rise 
 above that level, with pride and a fixed resolution which no man or set of men can afford 
 to despise. 
 
 We proudly claim to be the champions of democracy. If we really are, in deed and 
 in truth, let us see to it that we do not discredit our own. I say plainly that every 
 American who takes part in the action of a mob or gives it any sort of countenance is no 
 true son of this great democracy, but its betrayer, and does more to discredit her by that 
 single disloyalty to her standards of law and right than the words of her statesmen or the 
 sacrifices of her heroic boys in the trenches can do to make suffering peoples believe 
 her to be their savior. 
 
 How shall we commend democracy to the acceptance of other peoples, if we disgrace 
 our own by proving that it is, after all, no protection to the weak? Every mob contributes 
 to German lies about the United States what her most gifted liars cannot improve upon by 
 the way of calumny. They can at least say that such things cannot happen in Germany 
 except in times of revolution, when law is swept away. 
 
 I th, :=iore very earnestly and solemnly beg that the Governors of all the states, the 
 law officers of every community, and, above all, the men and women of every community 
 in the United States, all who revere America and wish to keep her name without stain 
 or reproach, will co-operate — not passively, merely, but actively and watchfully — to make 
 an end of this disgraceful evil. It cannot live where the community does not countenance it. 
 
 I have called upon the nation to put its great energy into this war and it has 
 responded — responded with a spirit and genius for action that has thrilled the world. 
 I now call upon it, upon its men and women everywhere, to see to it that its laws are 
 kept inviolate, its fame untarnished. Let us show our utter contempt for the things that 
 have made this war hideous among the wars of history by showing how those who love 
 liberty and right and justice and are willing to lay down their lives for them upon 
 foreign fields stand ready also to illustrate to all mankind their loyalty to the things at 
 home which they wish to see established everywhere as a blessing and protection to 
 the peoples who have never known the privileges of liberty and self-government. 
 
 I can never accept any man as a champion of liberty either for ourselves or for the 
 world, who does not reverence and obey the laws of our own beloved land, whose laws we 
 ourselves have made. He has adopted the standards of the enemies of his country, whom 
 he affects to despise. 
 
 WooDROw Wilson, 
 
LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 
 020 914 169 3 
 
 T5. Of «. 
 
I IRRARY OF CONGRESS ^^ 
 
 020 914 169 3