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HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 NEW YORK, 
 
 WITH 
 
 ILLPSTRATli^NS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
 
 OP MANY OP ITO 
 
 PIONEEFS AND PROMINENT MEN. 
 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 E. M. RUTIENBER AND L. H. CLARK, 
 
 AND A CaiPS OF BIOGRAPHICAL WRITERS. 
 
 ov 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 EVERTS & PECK 
 
 1881. 
 
 PRESS OF J. B. I.IPPINCOTT 
 

 
 \ 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In submitting tliis volume to its patrons, its publishers are quite confident it will be appar- 
 ent from its pages that every reasonable effort has been made by them to make it complete in 
 its several departments. Notwithstanding this, however, tiiey are conscious that to some of 
 its readers it may appear that historic records have been omitted which should have been given, 
 and that in other cases record has been made of matters without consideration of their un- 
 importance. On behalf of its compilers, it is proper to say that its publishers have the fullest 
 conhdouce that the most ample care has been taken to catch up all the threads of history 
 aud unite them in a common woof; that, if some are worthless, the mass is valuable; tiiat 
 if any have been lost or overlooked, the fault is not one of intention, the primary object 
 having been to preserve even the minutest detail of the history of a county which ranks 
 among the first in the State in its organization, in its development, in its intelligence, and 
 in the patriotism and worth of its sons. 
 
 Of many of the pioneer families of the county it may be said that they have now no 
 known representatives within its borders. While the footsteps of their sons may be traced 
 in almost all of the States, the record of themselves can scarce be found, even on gra^ 
 monuments where their remains were interred. The friendly voice of neighborhood ( 
 dition — perhaps the imperishable record of services performed to the State — is all that remai 
 but these have been gathered up as completely as possible, that their life-work may he pis 
 in rank with those of their contemporaries, that they, with them, may go down t', the fu 
 
 in a common remembrance of the toils and struggles and dangers which they alike endu 
 
 While this attention has been given to those of past years, the biographical record of the 
 men of the living present has been amply cared for. 
 
 To the different departments of the volume special attention need not be directed. It 
 may be proper to say, however, that the General History of the county, as well as the history 
 of Newburgh and of New Windsor, were prepared by Mr. Ruttenber, and will be found com- 
 plete and reliable. That department necessarily embraces many facts relating to the towns 
 which could only be presented in consecutive narrative to convey a correct view of the sul)- 
 _ie<^s considered. The histories of the remaining -.owns were compiled by Mr. LEWiS^nis 
 Olark, and the biographies by other writer.-. Acknowledgment has been made in thuue, or 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 -/ 
 
 of tlie work for assistance kindly given to tlie compilers. Tiie persons referred to have also 
 the thanks of the publishers. 
 
 The illustrations speak for themselves, and will, the publishers believe, challenge admi- 
 lation. The maps are the most complete and accurate, so far as they claim to furnish details, 
 that have ever been given to the public. In the lists of volunteers in the war of the Re- 
 bellion, while there are perhaps errors and omissions which would gladly have been avoided, 
 there is also a mass of information that would otherwise, perhaps, never have had the 
 published record which it deserves. 
 
 The publishers, however, have no desire to appear as unnecessarily commending the 
 volume, nor do they conceive it necessary to apologize for any of its imperfections. Ap- 
 preciating fully the generous support which has been extended to them by the representative 
 men of the county, they are content to await their verdict. 
 Septkmmkr, 1881. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 HIISTOI^ia^IL.. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PAQE 
 
 Aboriginal History 9 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 Land Titlks — First Settlements 11 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Civil Government — Original County of Orange — The 
 Present County of Orange — Courts, Public Buildings, 
 Etc ; 20 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Loi-'Ation — Physiology — Geographical Nomknclati-re — 
 Climate — Gi-iology. 
 
 Mountains and Valleys — Ponds, Streams, Etc. — Climate, Geology, 
 Etc 33 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 'iLiTARY History — French ash Indian W.ar — War or the 
 Revolution. 
 
 Col. Allison's Goshen Regiment, 177G — Col. Hathorn's Florida Regiment 
 —Col. WoodliuU's Cornwall Regiment — Col. Hasbrouck's Newburgli 
 Regiment — ^Col. Clinton's New Windsor Regiment — Special Organiza- 
 tions and Continental Regiments — Uniforms and Kquipage — French 
 and Indian War — War of the Revolution — Col. Lewis Dubois' Fifth 
 Continental Infantry — Col. William .Mlison's Goshen Regiment Militia 
 — Col. Hasbrouck's Newburgh Regiment Militia — Col. Woodhull's 
 Cornwall Regiment Militia 46 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Revolutionary Events — Pledge of Association. 
 
 Revolutionary .\ssociations — Precinct of Newburgh — Precinct of New 
 
 Windsor — Precinct of Hanover — Precinct of Wallkill — Precinct of 
 
 Mamakating — Precinct of Goshen — Cornwall Precinct — The Story of 
 
 Claudius Smith 62 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Second Wau with England — War with Mexico 73 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 Orange County in the Rebellion. 
 
 Third Regiment, Company B— Eighteenth Regiment— Fifty-si.\th Regi- 
 ment—Seventieth Regiment — One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regi- 
 ment — Seventy-first IMilitia, Company I — Nineteenth Regiment Mili- 
 tia — One Hundred and Sixty.8i.\th Regiment- One Hundred and 
 Sixty-eighth Regiment — One Hundred and Seventy-sixth Regiment — 
 iirst Mounted Rifles, Company C — Second Regiment Cavalry (Harris 
 I.iglit) — Fifteenth Cavalry— Fifteenth Heavy Artillery, Company M— 
 Seventh Independent Battery — First Regiment of Engineers — Ninety- 
 eighth Regiment, Company C — Moneys Expended by the Town and by 
 
 I the County for War Purposes 78 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Commercial History— Original Roads — T 7npikes— Rail- 
 
 I ROADS AND CaNALS — PlANK- ROADS— BANKING — AgRICUL- I 
 
 lUHAL AND Mechanical .Statistics, Etc 105 I 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 Churches — Religious and Bf-nevolent Societies. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The Lutheran Church — Presbyterian Church — Church of England — Re- 
 formed Dutch Church — Congregational Church — Associate and Asso- 
 ciate Reformed Presbyterian Churches — Baptist Church — Methodism 
 — Roman Catholics — Friends — Religious Societies — Benevolent Or- 
 ganizations 126 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 Bench and Bar of Orange Cou.nty 141 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 Physicians — Meiucat, Societies 
 
 162 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 The Press of Orange County. 
 
 Press of Goshen— Press of Newburgh— Press of Middlotown— Press ,*f / 
 
 Montgomery— Press of Port Jervis- Press of Warwick— Miscellji 
 
 neons li 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 Orange County Civil List. 
 Representatives in Colonial Assembly — Delegates from the Colony of 
 New York to the First Continental Congress, 1774— Second Continental 
 Congress, 1775 — Delegates to the Provincial Congress of New York, 
 1775-77— Membel-s of the Committee of Safety, 1775-76— Delegates to 
 the Convention called to Delibeiate upon the .\doption by the State 
 of New York of the Constitution of the United States, held June 17, 
 1788 — Delegates to the State Convention of 1801, called to Amend the 
 Constitution of 1777— Delegates to the State Convention of 1821, 
 called to Amend the Constitution of 1801— Delegates to the Conven- 
 tion of 1846, called to Amend the Constitution of 182i — Eiect./ft ' 
 President and Vice-President — Representatives in Cougrees- Repre- 
 sentatives in State Senate- Members of Assembly— Administrative 
 Officers— Members of Council of Appointment — Regents of the 
 University — Surveyors-General — Canal Commissioner — Inspectors of 
 State Prisons — Master of Chancery — Miistei-s and Examinere in Chan- 
 cery — Puisne Justice Supreme Court — Judge Circuit Court — Justices 
 of Supreme Court — Judges of Court of Common Pleas — Judges of the 
 County Courts — Special County Judges— Surrogates — District Attor- 
 neys—County Clerks — Sheriffs — County Treasurers— County Superin- 
 tendents of Schools — School Commissioners — Board of Supervi- 
 sors 201 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 Town Boundaries- 
 
 TOWN HISTOKIES. i 
 
 NEW WINDSOR. 
 General — Patents and First Settlements — Villages, Etc. 
 — Revolctionary Localities — Revolutionary Inci- 
 dents — Civil List — Rebellion Record. 
 Location, Physiology, Etc. — Civil Organization— Name— Town Records 
 — Roads — Schools — Support of Poor — Licenses — Post-offices — Creeks, 
 Streame, Swamps, Etc.— Village of New Windsor — Orangeville, or 
 
 V 
 
VI 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Moodna — Quassaick Valley — Vairs Gate, ur Mortoaville — Little Bri- 
 taiQ— The Sipmre— Ragville, Rock Taveru, Etc.— Wasbington'B Head- 
 quarters — Plnin Point — Lafayette's Headquarters — Ednioiiston Houee 
 — Falls Houso— Knox's Headquarters— The Camp-Grouiid nud Tem- 
 ple—Arrest of Cadwallader Golden, Jr.— The F.tll of the Highland 
 Forts — morgan's Itiflenien — Seizure of Salt — A Tea Riot — Dominie 
 Annan — Boy Soldiers — St. Thomas' Church — New Windsor Preshy- 
 terian Church — Associate Reformed Church, Little Britain — Union 
 Methodist Kpiscopal Church, VaiPs Gate — Little Britain Methodist 
 Episcopal Church — Burial-Grouuds 210 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 General — ItiovoLUTioxAnv Events — Village of New- 
 burgh — Villages, Hamlets, Streams, Etc. — Census 
 Returns — Newburch Poor System — Turnpikes and 
 Plank-roads — Banks — iNroRPORATED Companies — Fire 
 Department — Newdlrgh Regatta Association — Nkw- 
 burgh Horticultural Society — Churches, Schools, Etc. 
 — Civil List. 
 
 Settlement of the German Patent — Settlement of Other Patents — Pre- 
 cincts of Xewburgh — Subsequent General History — Second War with 
 England — General Incidents — War of the Rebellion — City of New- 
 burgh — Review — Balniville— Middlehope— The Danskamer — Hamp- 
 ton — Fostertown — RossvMle — Luptondale— Rocky Forest — Gardner- 
 town — Gidneytown — DuBois' 5lills — New Mills — West Newburgh — 
 Powder Mills — Belknap's Ridge — East Coldeuhani — Orange Lake — 
 Quassaick Creek — Fostertown Creek — Tent-Stone Meadow Creek — | 
 BushBeld's Creek — Benton's Creek — Powellton Brook — Raccoon Hill > 
 — Acker's Creek — Trout Brook — Poll Rose's Pond — Springs — Fitzpat- 
 rick's Pond — King's Hill — Cronoraer's Hill — Limestone Hill — Much- ; 
 attoes Hill — Washington's Headquartei-s — The Vale — Public Stocks — i 
 Newburgh BLtrket — Hay-Scales — Newburgh Steam- Wills — Gas-Light 
 Companies— New bu!gli Ferry — Churches — Comparative Statistics — i 
 Theoiog' ! Seniiuary — Public Libraries — Newspapers — Literary, Re- j 
 ligious, and Benevolent Societies — Cemeteries— Precinct and Town 
 Officers— Village and City Officers— Seals of the City and Village of 
 Newburgh 245 
 
 MONTGOMERY. 
 
 Situation, Boundaries, Area, Title — Natural Features — 
 Early Settlement — Organization — Villages — Schools 
 
 — ChURCHE."^ — BfJRlAL-PLACES — ToWNS, SOCIETIES, BaNKS, 
 
 Incorporations, Etc. — Places of Historic Interest — 
 
 iNDusTRr \(, PiitsriTs — Military. 
 Extracts from Town Records — Lieutenant-Governor Cadwallader Golden 
 — Montgomery Village- Walden — St. Andrew's — Coldenham — Allai'd's 
 Corner — Scott Tn- a — Scott's Corners — Keisertuwn — Montgomery 
 Academy — Montgomery Public School — The Walden Union Free School 
 — The Goodwill Presbyterian Church — St. Andrew's Church, Walden 
 — Coldenham Church — Reformed Dutch Church of Berea — First Re- 
 formed Dutcli Church of Walden — First Presbyterian Church at Mont- 
 gomery — Methodist Episcopal Church at Montgomery — Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church ofWalden— Church of the Holy Name of Mary — Wallkill 
 Valley Cemetery Association — Masonic — Temperance Societies— Banks 
 — The Insurance Agency— Indian Localities — Old Homesteads — Orange 
 County Scientific and Practical Agricultural Institute — Woolen Fac- 
 toi\v at Walden — New York Knife Company — Wulden Condensed Milk 
 Company — Brickyard at Walden — Walden Knife Company — Walden 
 File- Works — Ste;*m Flouring-Mill — Montgomery Woolen-Mill — Titua 
 & Strattou's Grist-Mill— Walker's Paper-Mill at Montgomery— New 
 York Condensed Milk Company — Creameries — Various Manufactories 
 —War of 1861-r,5 370 
 
 CRAWFORD. 
 Sit .'ation, Boundaries, Area, anu Title — Natural Fea- 
 tures — Early Settlement — Organization — Villages — 
 Schools — Churches — Burial-Places — Towns, Societies, 
 Etc. — Places of Special Note or of Historic Interest — 
 Industrial Pursuits — Military. 
 Physicians — First Town-Meeting — Hopewell — Bu.llville — Searsville 
 — Thompson's Ridge — Collaburgh — Pine Bush — Presbyterian Society 
 of Hopewell — Graham's Church (Associate Reformed) — Methodist 
 Episcopal Church of CiuwTord — Methodist Episcopal Church, Pine 
 
 Bush— Mills.. 
 
 412 
 
 WALLKILL. 
 
 Situation, Bm noaries. Area, and Title — Natural Fea- 
 tures — Early Settlement — Organization — Schools — 
 Churches — Societies, Libraries, Banks, Incori-ora- 
 TiONS, Etc. — Industrial Pursuits — Military. 
 
 Manumission of Slaves— Taverns— Assessment-Roll, 1803— Firet Town- 
 Meeting of Wallkill after the Division— 51iddlet«>\vn — Scotchtown — 
 Mochanietown— Circleville— Phillipshnrgh — Recollections of Half a 
 Century — Howell's Depot — Van Burenville — Sand Station— Fair Oaks 
 — Crawford Junction — Purdy's Stiition — Lockwood's — Rockville — 
 Millabnrgh — Stony Ford — Brimstone Hill — Michigan — La Grange — 
 Davis town— Honey-Pot — Guinea — Bull Hack — Pierce Valley — Wall- 
 kill Academy— The State Homceopathic Asylum for the Insane at 
 Middletown, N. Y. — First Congregational Church— Congregational 
 Church of Howell's Depot — The Primitive Baptist Church, Middletown 
 — Presbyteiian Church of Scolchtown- Congregation of Union Church 
 at New Shawangunk — The First Presbyterian Clinrch at Middle- 
 town— Second Methodist Episcopal {or Mount Johnson) Church — Pres- 
 byterian Church of Circleville — Second Presbyterian Church at Mid- 
 dletown — First Baptist Church of South Middletown — Grace Church 
 of South Middletown (Episcopal) — Methodist Episcopal Church of 
 Middletown— St. Joseph's Roman Catliolic Church — The Separate 
 American Methodist Church of Phillipsburgli — The Methodist Episco- 
 pal Zion Church of Middletown — The Free Christian Church of Middle- 
 town—Old Burial-Ground of Congregational Church— Old Cemetery 
 opposite the Academy— Soutli Middletown Cemetery Association — 
 Hillside Cemetery of Middletown — Scotchtown Cemetery Association 
 — Howell's Cemetery Association— St. Joseph's Cemetery — The WebU 
 Cemetery Association, Wallkill— Hoffman Lodge, No. 300, F. and A. M. 
 —Hoffman Lodge, No. 412, F. and A. M.— Midland Clmpter, No. 240, 
 R. A. M.— Middletown Lodge, No. 112, I. 0. 0. F.— Luther Lodge, No. 
 380, I. 0. O. F.— Orange Encampment, No. 9.i, I. 0. 0. F.— Excelsior 
 Lodge, No. S29, I. 0. G. T.— Germania Slannerchor — Middletown 
 Bank — First National Bank of Middletown — Middletown Savings- 
 Bank — New York and Erie Insurance Company — The \\'allkill Bank 
 — Middletown Library — The Orange County Milk Association — The 
 Sutherland Falls Marble Company, Wallkill — Oil and Mining Com- 
 pany — Diaper Oil Company — Adams Mining Company — Middletown 
 and Unionville Telegraph Company — Middletown BuiMing and Loan 
 Association — The Evening Standard Association — The Zetesin De- 
 bating Society — Middletown Gospel Temperance Union — Wallkill 
 Council, No. 57, Royal Templars of Temperance — The Middletown 
 Hebrew Union — Indian Spring — The Manufacture of Hats — The Mid- 
 dletown Tannery — Saw Manufactory— The Monhagen Steam- and 
 Water-Mills— The Manufacture of Files- Carpet- Bag Factory — 
 Orange County Furnace — Book-Bindery — Morgans & Wilcox Manu- 
 facturing Company — Decker's Mills, Etc 42i» 
 
 MOUNT HOPE, 
 Situation, Boundaries, Area, Title — Natiral Features — 
 Early Settlement — Organization — ViLL.\(iES — Schools 
 — Churches — Town Societies, Libraries, Incorporations, 
 Etc. — Places of Historiu Interest — Inhustrial Pur- 
 suits — Military. 
 Physicians— Lawyers— Mount Hope Village— Otisville— New Vernon — 
 Finehville—Guymard— Old-School Baptist Church, New Vernon- Con- 
 gregational Church at Wallkill and Deerpark Patent— First Presby- 
 terian Church of Mount Hope— Methodist Episcopal Church of Otis- 
 ville— Finchville Methodist Episcopal Church— Presbyterian Church, 
 Otisville— Catholic Church at Otisville— The Farmers' Library— The 
 WashingtonLeadCompany-Empire Mining Company— Wallkill Lead 
 Company- Savoss Copper-Mine— Champion Lead-Mining Company- 
 New York Central Mining and Mineral Company— Mount Hope Miijr 
 eral Company— Guymard's Silver-Lead Company— Erie Mining Coin- 
 pany— Empire Mineral Company— Finch Homestead— The Peddler' 
 Spring— Old Coin— Location of the Mastodon— Old Orchards oU 
 
 GOSHEN. 
 Situation, Boundaries, Area, Title— Natural Features 
 
 Early Settlement—Organization — Villages — ScHOOLh 
 
 — Churches— Industrial Pursuits— Military. 
 
 Assessment-Roll of 1775— Special Notes on Families— Old Taverns Af 
 
 Goshen— Goshen Village— Mapes' Corners— County Farm— East an 'I 
 
 West Divisions— Presbyterian Church of Goshen— St. James' Episcop; 
 
 A 
 
CO.VTENTS. 
 
 'BXC>G-Ti,Ji^FJE3:XOJ^lL,. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 William Silliman 98 
 
 Henry VileDiau 141 
 
 Phiiieiis Mcintosh 141 
 
 John Alsop 141 
 
 John Chanihers 141 
 
 Vinteut M.itthpws 141 
 
 George Olii;. 142 
 
 Phiueas iio.vn. 143 
 
 Jonathnii Fi^' •. 143 
 
 JuniisMope, . 144 
 
 \Vm Eoss : 144 
 
 Henry *' V'-'-':fi 144 
 
 Wiilti'i ■ 145 
 
 John 1 146 
 
 Gilbeii t) Ftivrler 14B 
 
 Poter '. yiunn 147 
 
 egilec .■ ;riii>t 148 
 
 John W. Krowii .. 149 
 
 Samu'l J. Wrikii 149 
 
 John ' Wilkin 151 
 
 Josep '..Wilkin 152 
 
 George M. Grier facing 153 
 
 Isaac R. Van Dn/,er 153 
 
 Win. C. Hasbrouck...! 154 
 
 Nathiin Westcolt 154 
 
 Joseiih W. Gott 155 
 
 ItaTi.l F. Gediiey 156 
 
 Janus N. Pronk 157 
 
 Oliver Young 158 
 
 Thiuiiis J. Lyon 158 
 
 Ai'iam S. Casseiiy 159 
 
 William Vananiee 160 
 
 Fri'ileric Bodine 160 
 
 Joseph Wlielau 163 
 
 Increase Crosby 1C4 
 
 Jaines M. Gardiner 166 
 
 Is.iac Garrison 167 
 
 David C. Winfield 168 
 
 Robert Slinw 1G9 
 
 Harvey Everett 171 
 
 Bat tow Wright facing 171 
 
 Samuel 31. Crawford 171 
 
 Thomas S. Edmonston V 172 
 
 S. G. Carpenter 173 
 
 C I". Smith 173 
 
 ■'-lomun Van £tten : 174 
 
 ■ Mnies D. Johi)J<ton 175 
 
 ■ i- rg-.- ituutur 176 
 
 H. c. 3ccly between 176,177 
 
 T.Walsh " 176,177 
 
 H. H. Hobinson " 176,177 
 
 -W. C. Terry 177 
 
 F. M. Barclay facing 178 
 
 Theodore Writer " 179 
 
 UeWitt C. Jayne 183 
 
 J. W.Ostrom 183 
 
 William A. M. Culbert 184 
 
 Ira S. Bradner 185 
 
 Chaiies M. Lawrence 186 
 
 ' V.M. Drake 189 
 
 Cliarles .Mead „ 190 
 
 K. M. Rutte.ber 194 
 
 hycliaSayer Hosbrouck 196 
 
 J. W. Hashrouck between 196,197 
 
 M- D. Stivers 198 
 
 W. II. Nearpnss oqi 
 
 Holt. II. Wallace 2.31 
 
 "'has. Clinton and Bescendanl? ' 238 
 
 Jnh,. T? (V!v"l! ,:-, 239 
 
 K. D. Dniry 24 
 
 Robert Burnet ;...... -^-i' 
 
 Jus. W. Morrison ^i 
 
 J. B. Kernochan \([; 
 
 Tlios. J. Fulton facin -J . 
 
 Wm. L. McGill )|,; 
 
 John S. Bull y^ 
 
 John Cromwell-. facin.' 24-V 
 
 Wni. L. F.Warren 2fcS 
 
 Thomas C. Ring .; 290 
 
 John R. Wiltsie .,', 2»l 
 
 John Brown '. 30.1 
 
 John Johnston , ;>(XJ 
 
 Joseph ]\IcCarrell ....'. .'H 
 
 Thomas Powell ni 
 
 Homer Ranisdell :.; 
 
 Benjamin Carpenter 
 
 David Crawford ^ 
 
 Ine ,..., u l-..„iily ;. ,, 
 
 Daniel B. Sf. John 
 
 Charles Downing 
 
 John Forsyth between ,168, 35" 
 
 Joel T. Headley 330 
 
 Thomas Shaw 3fl«. 
 
 James ^lackin 3(;' 
 
 George Clark :.•; 
 
 William Wright y, 
 
 Peter V. B. Fowler :'.fi: 
 
 Daniel Men it t _ ol»t^ 
 
 John L. Foster ;ij« 
 
 B. K. Johnston , :Ui* 
 
 William I. Underhill net 
 
 Nathaniel Barnes between 31iK, 366 
 
 Gilbert Williams " 3' .If!; 
 
 Jacob Gillies " ?, 
 
 Robert Whitehill 
 
 James McCord 
 
 Charles Miller 
 
 Joseph II. Decker.. 
 Francis C. Decker.. 
 
 George Senior .i..,.. .k» 
 
 James Todd betweeu 41 , 
 
 John Kidd *' iv\ 
 
 James R. W. Beattie 
 
 C.J. Mould 
 
 M. G. Snyder . 4;;; 
 
 John H. Leggett 4'_1 
 
 Daniel Thompson '. 
 
 Leander Ciawford ' 
 
 A. R.Taylor J. 
 
 Horace Bull .. 42* 
 
 Elting France 428 
 
 Daniel Bull between 4:.'«, 48:1 
 
 Augustus Thompson *' 4 -' , 42** 
 
 Seldon H. Talcott I' 
 
 Wm. B. Koyce ; 
 
 Silas H. Stringliam 
 
 Robert H. IIODston".... 
 Edward M. Madden... 
 
 Saml. S. Widiham 
 
 Wickham c. McNisli.. 
 
 Albert Bull 
 
 Elisha P. Wheele 
 
 '■(•• 
 
 Oliver P. Reevfi.. 
 
 B. W. Shav 
 
 Horton V4il.... .. 
 
 C. G. Sai/yer 
 
 Thos. B Hnlse.y/ 
 Ja|!<o»4. Bell-/.. 
 
 •■/•• 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 _i_ 
 
 PAOE 
 
 AUnaou r-!.iaehter 5U1 
 
 Johnl! Hui». 502 
 
 Himiii >. ^^ i'linson 502 
 
 \ iri:*: Ih'.miwon between 502, 5o:i 
 
 ■ ■„ol U. Wi. ,ham " 502,503 
 
 n ,. !• Wcib Sm 
 
 i.i I 1, .1 604 
 
 11,. j, , between 504, .505 
 
 • " .iW, 505 
 
 ••v.iii '• 504,505 
 
 > " 504, ;05 
 
 . ;. e facing 505 
 
 519 
 
 '.b 532 
 
 ,,ffl 635 
 
 J 642 
 
 643 
 
 645 
 
 553 
 
 ih 564 
 
 /If 565 
 
 .1.-1 , 566 
 
 V8 between 556, 557 
 
 " 556,657 
 
 " 556,667 
 
 «' OUD, OlTi 
 
 557 
 
 T'.i 1. i*..j.-iie 658 
 
 .' '!ii. .1 .eiinl 558 
 
 Jtilm C. 'Vt ling between 558, 559 
 
 Walter It. Sajer " 558,659 
 
 W illeni Kiiiirii 
 
 Oliver !l. r , ' ikl 
 
 De Wilt . . . i. (land.. 
 
 Gnrrcl T'. 
 
 .\ 
 
 Williim B. Tulbill 
 
 llftni'-. ■>^^. Hoyt between 560, 
 
 .-.!■' "J, I Smith " 560, 
 
 .'! .M .^. Kyei-aon... " 560, 
 
 !( ■; L.-iYtning " 6G0, 
 
 .1 ilif |. Crane " 660, 
 
 •'' i'l F. Jolinsun '* 561, 
 
 ' - it 'Majie.s 
 
 '' I iiienian 
 
 I '• "I. Acklej 
 
 • •:-.:\i\ V5.'Ibert between 562, 
 
 h GreKMiy..." " .562, 
 
 ! ii';"!! L Wo. .1., " .562, 
 
 <'.Culeni;ii( " .562, 
 
 '« M. ij,iill 
 
 ,, --'..v. .1 Family 
 
 ,. SanfuTi 
 
 i.Siiyer 
 
 . ivd L. W-llinE 
 
 .: .. ij.,' Wisner 
 
 .i:,in. * Burt 
 
 Gitl.rfil Wisner 
 
 JaDie;^ Wlieeler 
 
 Galiriol Houston 
 
 I«jiac V. Wheeler , 
 
 A.J. B-i. : 
 
 .Ttihn W'KoiN . 
 
 i\w.<..^ ■■ lig 
 
 "^^ t'' " onston 
 
 ierbury 
 
 ^eagles. ..A , 
 
 '■ ' ■'"■ 'aii'iy between 612, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Hezekiah lloyt 613 
 
 John T. Johnson 620 
 
 Jesse Koe 622 
 
 Jamea Dnrland 623 
 
 James J. Board 624 
 
 Minard Sutton .' 624 
 
 Nathaniel Hoe .'. 625 
 
 Ira Bull 625 
 
 John King 626 
 
 Robert N. Colfax 626 
 
 0. B .Seely 627 
 
 yJohn B. Tnthill dii 
 
 \\. M. Rysdyk between 628, 629 
 
 Abram Ilemerest " 628,629 
 
 J.K.Oakley 643 
 
 Thomas N. Hulse 645 
 
 Nathaniel D. Woodhull - 645 
 
 Nathan 11. White 646 
 
 Edmund S. Howell 647 
 
 Hezekiah Howell 647 
 
 Alden GoldBmith .... 048 
 
 Jesse Bull 
 
 Silas R. Horton ■ ■ • 
 
 Ans.-Im Helme •^•'- .... 
 
 C. f! M.-r-i.. -.- 
 
 Charles M. Thompsoi 
 
 Daniel H. Bull 
 
 Vincent Booth .-. 
 
 Solomon T.Smith 
 
 Hulet Clark 6; i 
 
 John C. Wiener : 674 
 
 Peter Werry f":cween C74, 675 
 
 660 
 
 660 ' Peter Kimber " 67'., 67A 
 
 561 I M. S. Hayne ... f.7.5 
 
 561 O. R. Carpenter hfll 
 
 561 George W. Horton ' 
 
 5G1 Edward J. Flynn 
 
 561 H. H. Farnum 
 
 .561 Eli Van Inwegeu 730 
 
 561 Peter P. Swartwont 750 
 
 561 I George Cuddeback. 751 
 
 562 I Moses Van Inwegon ._. 751 
 
 563 i^J.Jathan Skinner 752 
 
 603 Levi Van Etten 753 
 
 563 A. C. Roe 705 
 
 563 Jonathan Silliman 769 
 
 .563 E. P. Roe .782 
 
 6711 Wm. S. lirown TM 
 
 004 ' John Orr TM 
 
 605 ' William Orr 785 
 
 606 Charles H. Mead '.. 786 
 
 607 j B. S. Ketchato between 786, 787 
 
 607 Peter Townsend 
 
 608 Morgan Sbuit : "•' 
 
 608 I Peter P. Parrott . V.. SOt. 
 
 609 j Alexander Thompson ' /... X07 
 
 609 I Peter Turner 
 
 610 ' Peter B.Ifush WIS 
 
 610 I John Goff SOS 
 
 611 [ Gilbert T. Smith 8u8 
 
 611 i J. H. Thompson between 808, 809 
 
 612 I Isaac H. Thompson " 808,809 
 
 612 James Wilkes 809 
 
 613 
 
 -I 
 
 1 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 IXjLTJSTKyT^TIOItTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 itliue Mapof County between 8, 9 
 
 " " Land Patents " 16,17 
 
 ■rtrait of William Silliman 98 
 
 >re-H-«use uf Homer Ramedell i Co 107 
 
 iitrait of George Clinton 142 
 
 " S.J.Wilkiu facing 148 
 
 Jno. G. AVilkiu " liiO 
 
 " Jos. M.Wilkin " 152 
 
 " Geoige M. Grier " lj:i 
 
 •' Joseph W. Gott " 155 
 
 " David F. Gediiey " 15r. 
 
 " James N. Pruuk 157 
 
 " Oliver Young facing 158 
 
 " Thomas J. Lyon *' 159 
 
 " Alinim S. Cii-ssedy 159 
 
 " William Vanamee IGO 
 
 *' Fii'deiic Bodiue Idl 
 
 " Joseph Whelan facing 10:i 
 
 " Increase Crosby " 1G4 
 
 " James M. Ganliuer 166 
 
 " Isaac Garrison facing 167 
 
 " David C. Winfield " 1G8 
 
 " Robert Shaw " 109 
 
 " Harvey Everett " 170 
 
 " Bartow Wright " 171 
 
 " Thomas S. Kdmonston ** 172 
 
 " S. G. Cai-penter between 172, 173 
 
 " C. P. Smith " 172, 173 
 
 " Solomon Van Etteu facing 174 
 
 " James D. Johnston " 175 
 
 '* George Hunter ** 176 
 
 " H.C. Seely between 176, 177 
 
 " T. Walsh " I7(i, 177 
 
 " H. H. Robinson " 176, 177 
 
 W. C. TeiTy facing 177 
 
 " P.M. Barclay " 178 
 
 " Theo. Writer " 179 
 
 DeWitt C. Jayne " 183 
 
 " J. W. Ostrom , 184 
 
 " Wm. A. M. Cnlbert facing 185 
 
 " Ira S. Bradner between 180, 187 
 
 " Chas. M. Lawrence " 1S6, 1S7 
 
 " V, fli. Drake 190 
 
 " Chas. Mead facing 190 
 
 *' E. M. Ruttenber " 194 
 
 " Lydia Sayer Hasbrouck between 196, 197 
 
 '* J. W. Hasbrouck " 196, 197 
 
 " M. D. Stivers facing 198 
 
 " W. H. Nearpass " 201 
 
 NEMT "WINDSOR. 
 
 esidence of Robert Morisou facing 222 
 
 ' ortraitof Robert H. Wallace , " 231 
 
 " Johu R, Caldwell 240 
 
 E. D. Drury facing 240 
 
 " Robert Burnet " 045 
 
 " James W. Slorrison between 242 243 ' 
 
 .esidence of James W. Blonison " 242 243 t 
 
 'ortrait of Thomas J. Fulton facing 243 I 
 
 " John B. Kernochan 243 ! 
 
 Wm. L. McGill 243 ' 
 
 " John S. Bull 244 ' 
 
 " John Cromwell facing 244 ' 
 
 TJE"WBURGH. ! 
 
 >iagram of Patents 245 ' 
 
 <ewburgh fium the Northeast 246 | 
 
 diagram of German Patent 248 
 
 '* Township of Washington 266 ' 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Washington's Headqn;irters from the East, and Ground Plan 2S3 
 
 Portrait of William L.F.Warren facing 2SS 
 
 " Thomas C. Ring " 290 
 
 " John R. Wiltsie " 292 
 
 Ringgold Hose House 299 
 
 Portrait of John Brown facing 302 
 
 " John Johnston « 306 
 
 Union Presbyterian Church 311 
 
 J. McCarrell ■. facing 31-.^ 
 
 Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church 31S 
 
 Portrait of Tliomas Powell facing 351 
 
 " Homer Uamsdell " 352 
 
 " Benjamin Carpenter '* 3.54 
 
 " David Crawford *• 3.')5 
 
 *' William Walsh " ;55G 
 
 *' Henry Walsh " 357 
 
 " D.B.St. John " 35S 
 
 " Jno. Forsyth between 35^, 359 
 
 " Charles Downing 359 
 
 " J. T. Ueadley facing 360 
 
 " Thomas Shaw " 361 
 
 " James Mackin " 362 
 
 *' George Clark " rjG3 
 
 " William Wright " 364 
 
 " Peter V. B. Fowler " 365 
 
 *' Daniel Merritt *' 366 
 
 " Jno. L. Foster. " 367 
 
 " B. K. Johnston 367 
 
 " W. I. Underbill between 368, 369 
 
 " Robert Whitehill " 368,360 
 
 " Nathaniel Barnes " 36S, 3'9 
 
 " Gilbert Williams " 368, ?69 
 
 *' Jacob Gillies •* 368, 369 
 
 *' James McCord facini.370 
 
 MONTGOMERY. 
 
 Portrait of Charles Miller ;..i..;,... facuig 40S 
 
 " Josepli H. Decker , ^^g 
 
 " Francis C. Decker 410 
 
 ** George Senior facing 4IU 
 
 " James Todd ^ between 4iiJ,-dt^ 
 
 " John Kidd ......T "'"' ' i Fl t),-fH 
 
 " J. R. W. Benttie « 410, 411 
 
 " C.J. Mould " 410,411 
 
 " ' M. G. Snyder faciuii^ 412 
 
 CRA'WFORD. 
 
 Portmit of John H. Legj;ett facing 42o 
 
 *' Dauiel Thumiison between 426, 427 
 
 " Leauder Ciawfurd " 426, 427 
 
 A. R. Taylor facing 427 
 
 " Horace Bull 42s 
 
 " Daniel Bull between 428, 429 
 
 '* Augustus Thompson " 428, 429 
 
 "WALLKILIi. 
 
 Map of Middletown 444 
 
 Homoeopathic .'\syliim for Insane.. 454 
 
 Portrait of Seldeii H. Talcott facing 455 
 
 " William B. Royce •' 473 
 
 " Robert H. Houston " 488 
 
 " E. M. Madden " 489 
 
 '• S. S. Wickham " 4mI 
 
 " W. C. McNi.sIi " 492 
 
 " .\lbort Bull " 493 
 
 " Elisha P. Wheeler i-^ 
 
 " Oliver P. Reeve 
 
 B. W. Sliaw fiicing 
 
 " Horton Vail " 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Portrait of Thomas E. Hiilse between 498,496 
 
 '• C.G.Snw.ver " 498,499 
 
 " James I!. Bell facing 500 
 
 " Alanson Slaugliter " 501 
 
 Joliu B. Hiilse " 602 
 
 " Virjjil Thompson between 502, 503 
 
 " Israel II. Wickham " 502, 50:! 
 
 " Ilinim S. Wilkison 50:i 
 
 " IliKini B. Webb 603 
 
 " r. F. P. Bliven 504 
 
 " H. Bull between 504, 505 
 
 " A. L. Vail " 504,505 
 
 " H. S. Lindeniian '* 504,50.5 . 
 
 H. E. Wilco.\ " 501,505 
 
 Geo. Wallace facing 605 
 
 MOUNT HOPE. 
 
 Portrait of Geo. Smith 620 
 
 GOSHEN. 
 
 Portrait of Xatlianiel Webb 532 
 
 " W. D. Siiodgrass facing 534 
 
 Goshen Presbyterian Ciilirch 535 
 
 Portrait of A. S. Muri'ay facing 541 
 
 " Wni. JIurray " 543 
 
 " Wm. T. Russell " .545 
 
 Alex. Wright " 653 
 
 " Henry Merrian ** 554 
 
 " A. H. Siiisabaugli 555 
 
 " Jno J. Smith facing 550 
 
 " C. W, Reevs ; between 560, 557 
 
 *' William Knapp " 560,657 
 
 Oliver B. Tiithill " 550,557 
 
 De Witt C. Durland " 556,557 
 
 Alfred W. lis facing 657 
 
 " Thomas Thome.; " 558 
 
 '* Jno. C. Walling between 558, 659 
 
 " Walter H. Sayer " 558,559 
 
 " Jno. J. Heard facing 559 
 
 I" W. B. Tuthill .560 
 
 G. Thew- facing 560 
 
 Jas. W. Hoyt between 560, 601 
 
 Stephen Smith '• 560,501 
 
 " Robert Young " 500,561 
 
 " Tno. >'. Ityerson '* 660,501 
 
 .John S.Crane " 500,661 
 
 Chas. F. Johnson " 560, 561 
 
 Edson Coleman facing 661 
 
 Geo. Mapes 561 
 
 John T. Ackley facing 562 
 
 .\drian Holbert between 562, 503 
 
 JJoah Gregory " 562,56:) 
 
 Richard L. Wood " 562,563 
 
 N.C. Coleman " 562, .563 
 
 Jas. SI. Bull facing 563 
 
 ■WAKWICK. 
 
 I of Wm. H. Seward .571 
 
 Ezra Sanford facing 604 
 
 Benjamin Sayer 005 
 
 Edward t. Welling facing 000 
 
 Jeffrey Wisner _ between 606, 607 
 
 James Burt facing C07 
 
 James Wheeler " 608 
 
 Gabriel Wisner between 608, 609 
 
 Gabriel Houston " 608,609 
 
 Isaac V. Wheeler facing 009 
 
 A. .1. Burt between 010, 611 
 
 John Willcox " 010, Oil 
 
 Thomas Welling " 610,011 
 
 William H. Houston " 010,611 
 
 J. E. Waterbury facing 612 
 
 Nathaniel R. Feagles between 012, 613 
 
 Gardner K. Nanny " 612, 613 
 
 Hezekiah Hoyt facing 013 
 
 CHESTER. 
 
 r\c,E 
 
 Portrait of John T. Johnson facing f.JO 
 
 *' Jesse Roe " r.i^j 
 
 " Jamefi Durland " r.23 
 
 " James J. Board between 624, 625 
 
 I '* Minard Sutton " 624,025 
 
 " Nathaniel Roe " 624,625 
 
 " Ira Bull " 624,025 
 
 " John W. King " 020, i;27 
 
 " R. W. ColfH.x between 020, *:■-' 
 
 " C. B. Seely facing 027 
 
 " John B. Tuthill " i;28 
 
 " Wm. 31. Rysdyk between 628, (.20 
 
 " Abrani Denierest " 628, 01:9 
 
 BLOOMING-GROVE. 
 Portrait of J. K.Oakley facing 013 
 
 " Thomas N. Ilulse " 044 
 
 " S. D. WoodhnU " G45 
 
 " Nathan H, White " 646 
 
 '• Edmund S. Howell between 646.047 
 
 " Hezekiah Howell " 646, iM7 
 
 " .\lden Goldsmith facing r4.S 
 
 " Silas R. Horton between 64^, 049 
 
 " Anselm Helme " 048,649 
 
 " C. S. Jlarvin " M8, 049 
 
 " Jesse Bull facing 049 
 
 HAMPTONBUKGH. 
 
 Portrait of Charles M. Tln.iupson facing 0."i2 
 
 Daniel H. Bull " 054 
 
 ■' Vincent Booth " (i.")0 
 
 " Solomon T. Smith " o:.s 
 
 MINISINK. 
 
 Hai-twell's School facing- C67 
 
 Portrait of Hulet Clark " 673 
 
 J. C. Wisner " 674 
 
 " Peter Werry between 674, 675 
 
 " Peter Kimber *' 074, C75 
 
 " 31. S. Hayne facing 075 
 
 ■WTAW^AYANDA. 
 
 Portrait of 0. R. Carpenter facing OOO 
 
 " George W. Horton " Cl'l 
 
 DEERPABK. 
 
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Deer|)ark 722 
 
 Portrait of Edward J. Flynn 728 
 
 '* H. II. Farnum facing 733 
 
 " Eli Van Inwegen " 739 
 
 " Peter P. Swartwoul " 750 
 
 " George Cuddeback " 751 
 
 " Closes Van Inwegen 7.^1 
 
 " Nathan Skinner facing 7.V2. 
 
 *' Levi Van Etten " 753 
 
 COENW^ALL. 
 
 Portrait of Alfred C. Eoe 765 
 
 " J. Silliman "70 
 
 " Edward P. Roe ''^'■i 
 
 " William S. Brown 7s4 
 
 " John Orr 7S4 
 
 " WilUam Orr 780 
 
 Residence of William Orr facing 780 
 
 Portrait of B. S. Ketcham between 786, 787 
 
 " Charles II. Mead facing 787 
 
 MONROE. 
 
 Portrait of Peter Townsend faci"ng 6U5 
 
 " Morgan Shuit SoG 
 
 " Peter P. Parrott facing 806 
 
 " Alex. Thompson between 800, 807 
 
 Peter Turner " 800,807 
 
 Peter B. Bush facing 80S 
 
 " John Gotr. between 808, 809 
 
 Gilbert T. Smith " 808,809 
 
 J. Horton Thompson " 808,809 
 
 " Isaac H. Thompson " 808, ^to 
 
 " James Wilkes facing 809 
 
OUTLINE PLATS' OP 
 
 
 ^JfV V.Viuits' 
 
 •- 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 CHAPTEE I. 
 
 ABORIGINAL HISTOHT. 
 
 The aboriginal history of Orange County may be 
 properly dated from Sept. 15, 1609, on the morning of 
 which day Henry Hudson rode at anchor in his ship, 
 the " Half-Moon," in the watere of the river now 
 bearing his name, immediately above the Highlands. 
 With the natives of the country which he was ex- 
 ploring his experience was varied. Below the High- 
 lands he made captive two young men, intending 
 to take them to Holland, but when rounding West 
 Point they sprang on the rocky headland and called 
 from the shore to their captor in scorn. Above the 
 Highlands " the people of the country," as he called 
 them, visited his ship and brought some small skins 
 with them, which were " bought for knives and 
 trifles." Subsequently, when anchored ofl' Stony 
 Point, "the people of the mountains" came on board, 
 and when leaving a conflict was brought on which 
 resulted in the death of two of their number, and 
 before reaching the Manhattan islands eight of the 
 aboriginal lords had fallen under the power of Eu- 
 ropean falcons. 
 
 Through the early Dutch navigators who followed 
 Hudson's path more definite information is obtained of 
 the people whom he visited, and also the names which 
 were given to the clans or chieftaincies into which 
 they were divided. At "Haverstroo" they were 
 called Haverstroos ; from Stony Point to the Dans- 
 Kammer they were Waoranecks, — subsequently called 
 "the Murderer's Creek Indians;" from the Dans- 
 Kammer north through Ulster County, and west 
 through the valley of the Wallkill, they were War- 
 ranawonkongs ; in the district drained by the Dela- 
 ware and its tributaries they were Minsis or 3Iinisinks. 
 These names were not those which the natives had 
 given as belonging to themselves, but were those 
 which had been given by them to the Dutch as the 
 names of the streams on which they lived. The Ww- 
 ranawonkoiu/ was the Wallkill ; the Waoraneci, the 
 Murderer's Creek. 
 
 Later the tribal and national organizations of this 
 2 
 
 people appeared. It would be no violation of fact to 
 say that their political constitution was similar to our 
 own. They had villages or towns, counties or en- 
 larged cantons, tribes or states, nations or united 
 tribes. Each in its sphere was independent, yet the 
 whole strongly and firmly bound together. The sub- 
 tribes or villages south of Stony Point were Unulac- 
 tos, or the Turkey tribe ; those north were Minsis, or 
 the Wolf tribe, with territorial jurisdiction extending 
 through the Minisink country of Pennsylvania and 
 New Jersey ; south of tlie MinsU they were U/iamis, 
 or the Turtle tribe.* The tribes named constituted 
 the Lenni-Lenape nation, which held its council-fire 
 at what is now Philadelphia. From the Unamis was 
 selected invariably, by the ruling chiefs of the other 
 tribes, the king or sagamore of the nation, — a king 
 both with and without power ; a sovereign whose rule 
 was perpetuated only through the love of his people; 
 a monarch the most polished, the most liberal, the 
 poorest of his race ; one who ruled by permission, 
 who received no salary, who was not permitted to 
 own the cabin in which he lived or the land he culti- 
 vated, who could receive no presents that did not be- 
 come the property of the nation, yet whose larder and 
 treasure-chest were never empty. 
 
 The history of the Lenapes, briefly stated, is, that 
 they were the head of the Algonquin nations at the 
 time of the discovery, but, by a succession of wars 
 with the Dutch, the English, and the Iroquois, were 
 compelled some time about 1670 to yield to the latter 
 and become a " nation of women," — i.e., a nation 
 without power to make war or peace on their own 
 account, or to sell or convey lands. In this condition 
 they remained until 1755 (having in the mean time 
 become generally known as the Delawares), when 
 they threw oft" the yoke of subjugation, and under 
 alliances with the Shawanoes, Mingoes, etc., were 
 enabled to place themselves at the head of the West- 
 ern nations, and contest every inch of soil east of the 
 Mississippi. 
 
 * Tribal orgaDizations were known by the totems or emblems which 
 they painted on their cabins, their persons, etc., as the turljey, the 
 wolf, the turtle. 
 
 9 
 
10 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 But while these facts were being ascertained, — 
 years before many of them were known, — there came 
 the hurrying to and fro of armed men, and the terri- 
 bly eclioing battle-cry of the woodland lords, " Woach, 
 Woach, Ha, Ma, Hack, Woach .'" with which the set- 
 tlers subsequently became familiar. The Dutch be- 
 gan their settlement at New Amsterdam (now New 
 York) in 1626. A few years later, settlements were 
 commenced at Paulus' Hook (now Jersey City), then 
 called Pavonia, and at Brcucklen, now the citj- of 
 Brooklyn, and a few small neigliborhoods were scat- 
 tered along the river north of Paulus' Hook. These 
 settlements brought with them frictions of opposing 
 customs, which, in 1643, resulted in conflicts and 
 massacres in the vicinity of New Amsterdam, by which 
 the Dutch were driven from every foothold outside of 
 their fort, and the whole country from the Neversink 
 highlands to the hills and valleys of the Tappans was 
 again in the possession of its aboriginal lords. 
 
 Passing from these fields of conflict to the north of 
 the Hudson highlands, from 1656 to 1664 the territory 
 of the Warranawonkongs became the theatre of war, 
 broken by occasional periods of peace. Whatever 
 may have been the earlier trading-posts, permanent 
 settlement was not commenced among that tribe until 
 1652, and may be said to have been soon after aban- 
 doned until 1656. As in other places, the settlers de- 
 voted the largest portion of their time and means to 
 the purposes of trade, and, with a view to secure the 
 largest amount of furs, imprudently made free with 
 the sale of brandy and other liquors, under the influ- 
 ence of which the Indians became troublesome and 
 resorted to violence. Stirring events soon clustered 
 around the infant colony at Atkarkarton (now Kings- 
 ton). A stockaded village and a fort were found 
 necessary for protection ; but even these proved of 
 little avail, for on the 7th of June, 1663, the Indians 
 entered the gates of the villages, two of which, known 
 as the "New" and the "Old," were then in occupa- 
 tion. Ostensibly seeking trade, they scattered them- 
 selves among the houses of the Dutch, until at a given 
 signal their vocation was changed to that of destruc- 
 tion. At a single blow the New Village was destroyed. 
 " Some people on horseback escaped and reached the 
 Old Village, but their arrival was the signal of attack 
 upon the latter, for scarce had the alarm been given 
 when the Indians uttered their war-whoop and com- 
 menced the work of death. The people were mur- 
 dered in their houses with axes and tomahawks, and 
 by firing on them with guns and pistols." Women 
 and children were seized and carried off prisoners; 
 houses were plundered, and men, rushing to the de- 
 fense of their families, were shot down by foes con- 
 cealed in their own dwellings. To aid in the work of 
 destruction, the Indians set fire to the village on the 
 windward side. The flames spread rapidly, but when 
 at their height the wind suddenly changed to the 
 west and prevented further deva.station. The panic 
 occasioned by the sudden attack having subsided, the 
 
 settlers rallied and drove the Indians out. By even- 
 ing all was still again, and the bereaved inhabitants 
 kept mournful watch during the night. Twenty-one 
 lives were lost, nine were wounded, and forty-five 
 carried oflTcaptive ; the New Village was annihilated, 
 and at the Old Village twelve houses were burned.* 
 
 Immediately on the receipt of the intelligence of 
 this disaster, Stuyvesant dispatched Col. Martin Kre- 
 gier with a company of soldiers to assist the settlers. 
 Kregicr arrived at the Ronduit on the 4th of July. In 
 a few days five Mohawk and Mohican chiefs arrived 
 from Fort Orange, and by their mediation some of the 
 Dutch captives were released ; but the Warranawon- 
 kongs would not listen to propositions for peace unless 
 the Dutch would pay " for the land named tlie Great 
 Plot," and reward them with presents within ten 
 days. The Dutch commander replied by sending out 
 scouting-parties, who succeeded in bringing in a few 
 prisoners, from whom it was learned that the Indians 
 had retreated to their castle ; and thither it was deter- 
 mined to follow them. The expedition reached its 
 destination on the evening of the 26th of July. The 
 castlet was a formidable structure. It was " defended 
 by three rows of palisades, and the houses in the fort 
 encircled by thick cleft palisades w'ith port-holes in 
 them, and covered with bark of trees;" in form it was 
 quadrangular, but the angles were " constructed be- 
 tween the first and second rows of palisades," the 
 third row of palisades standing " full eight feet off 
 from the others towards the interior," the whole being 
 " on the brow of the hill," surrounded by table-land. 
 But the object of the expedition was not accom- 
 plished. Warned of the approach of their enemy, 
 the Indians retreated to the Shawangunk Mountains 
 and took their captives with them. From a captured 
 squaw it was learned that the Indians were some four 
 miles distant, and a force was sent thither ; but when 
 they arrived at the designated place, it was found that 
 they had again retreated. Kregier, however, de- 
 stroyed the Kahanksen castle by fire, cut down the 
 corn-fields which the Indi.ans had planted, and de- 
 stroyed " about a hundred pits full of corn and 
 beans," Avhich had been preserved from the crop of 
 the previous year. This work accomplished, he re- 
 turned to Wiltwyck.J 
 
 The settlers now engaged in harvesting their grain, 
 and the soldiers guarded them while at work. (.>Hen- 
 sive operations were not resumed until September, 
 when a force of fifty men was sent out to reduce a 
 new castle whicli the Indians were said to be erecting, 
 
 * The New Village was about three miles from the Old Tillage, and 
 the Ronduit about the same distance. 
 
 t The location of this fort, or palisaded village, is delined in the 
 boundaiy lines of lands conveyed by the treaty of 1665 : " Lying and 
 being to tlie west and southwest of acertain creek or river called by the 
 name of Kahanksen, and so up to the head thereof where the old fort 
 was." 
 
 X By a formal charter of date Jlay 10, ICGl, the settlement was ordered 
 to be called " Wiltwyck," or Indian Village. Tile English changed the 
 name to Kingston. 
 
LAND TITLES— FIRST SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 11 
 
 situated '' about four liours farther than their first fort," 
 which had been burned. The expedition reached its 
 destination on tlie 5th of September. Tlie Indians 
 were talj;en by surprise, but made a stout resistance. 
 The)' were busy completing their fort, and had left 
 their arms at their houses, " about a stone's throw from 
 the fort." Alarmed by a squaw, who had discovered 
 tlie approach of the Dutch, tliey rushed to secure their 
 arms, but were only jiartially successful so closely 
 were they pursued. Retreating across the kill, they 
 threw back the Dutch fire with such spirit that it was 
 found necessary to send a strong party to dislodge 
 them. " In this attack the Indians lost their chief 
 Papequanaehan, fourteen warriors, four women, and 
 three children." Ou the part of the Dutch three were 
 killed and wounded. Thirteen Indians were taken 
 prisoners, and twenty-three Dutch captives released. 
 The Dutcli found plunder sufficient to " well fill a 
 sloop," but were obliged to leave it. Everything was 
 destroyed that could be. " The fort was a perfect 
 square, with one row of palisades set all around, being 
 about fifteen feet above and three feet below ground," 
 but it was not completed. Two angles of " stout pali- 
 sades, all of them about as thick as a man's body, 
 having two rows of port-holes, one above the other," 
 were done, and when surprised the Indians were " busy 
 at the other angle." The victorious expedition re- 
 turned to the settlement laden with spoil, and the 
 Indians fled to the mountains to brood over their 
 defeat and loss. 
 
 On the 1st of October another expedition was sent 
 out on the same route, and arrived at tlie fort last de- 
 .stroyed on tlie 2d. The Indians liad meanwhile re 
 turned to it and thrown the bodies of their dead com- 
 rades into five pits, from which "the wolves had rooted 
 up and devoured some of them. Lower down ou the 
 kill four other pits were found containing bodies ; and 
 farther on three Indians with a squaw and child lay 
 unburied and almost wholly devoured by wolves." A 
 terrible picture of desolation was spread out on either 
 hand where but a few days before the native lords 
 had exulted in their strength, but who now, crushed 
 and broken, had retreated southward among their 
 kindred Minsis. The Dutch forces completed the de- 
 struction of the fort; the palisades were pulled down, 
 the wigwams burned, and all the corn cut up and cast 
 into the kill. 
 
 The Warranawonkongs, upon whom this chastise- 
 ment had principally fallen, solicited peace in the fall, 
 and an armistice was granted. They had suffered 
 severely ; their villages, from Wawayanda to Esopus, 
 were not without mourners ; their store-houses were 
 rifled, and their crops destroyed. Nor were their allies, 
 the Waoranecks, more fortunate. Although their 
 territory had not been invaded nor their villages 
 burned, they were not the less subdued; the embers 
 of their forest worship, which had for ages been lighted 
 on the Dans-Kammer, were extinguished forever. In 
 the spring following Sewackenamo, in conference at 
 
 Fort Amsterdam, lifted up his voice in praj-er to his 
 God — Bachtamo — that " something good" might be 
 concluded with tlie Dutch, and there executed a treaty, 
 by the terms of which all that had passed was to be for- 
 given and forgotten ; the lands claimed by the Dutch, 
 and now conquered by the sword, were to remain the 
 property of the conquerors, and the vanquished were 
 not to approach the Dutch settlements with arms. 
 This treaty was ratified (May 16, 1(364) amid the roar of 
 cannon, and was celebrated by a public thanksgiving. 
 With its conclusion was also closed the struggle of 
 the aboriginal clans for the possession of their ancient 
 seats on the western slope of the valley of the Hud- 
 son, from the Katskills to the sea. The retreating 
 footsteps of some of their warriors were yet to be 
 marked on advancing frontiers by blazing torch and 
 branding tomahawk, but those who remained in the 
 vicinity of the " river of the mountains" awaited in 
 peace the granting of title-deeds to their European 
 successors. Jleanwhile, however, those who survived 
 the conflict with the Dutch, more especially the Min- 
 sis, in the western part of the county and the adjoining 
 territory, were greatly strengthened by additions to 
 their number, first in 1692, and again in 1694, of large 
 colonies of Shawanoes who located in western Ulster 
 and Orange. It is not impossible that these immi- 
 grants left behind them in their western march names 
 which have been ascribed to earlier periods. How- 
 ever this may be, it is certain that from the nursery- 
 beds of the Shawanoes in Orange went forth to the 
 West some of the most able chiefs and warriors of 
 that tribe. 
 
 CHAPTER IL 
 
 LAND TITLES-FIRST SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 " The lands which I intend shall be first planted 
 are those upon the west side of Hudson's River, at or 
 adjoining to the Sopes," wrote Governor Nicolls in 
 1664. With the exception of the " Great Plot," now 
 occupied by the city of Kingston, embracing about 
 four thousand acres, which had been given to Gov- 
 ernor Stuyvesant by the Warranawonkong chiefs " to 
 grease his feet," the lands to which Governor Nicolls 
 refers were the first to which Europeans had a title, 
 and were " conquered by the sword." They are de- 
 scribed in the treaty of 1665 as " a certain parcel of land 
 lying and being to the west and southwest of a certain 
 creek or river called by the name of Kahanksen, and 
 so up to the head thereof, where the old fort was ; 
 and so with a direct line from thence through the 
 woods and across the meadows to the Great Hill, lying 
 and being to the west or southwest thereof, which 
 Great Hill is to be the true west or southwest bounds 
 of the said lands, and the creek called Kalianksen 
 the north or northeast bounds of the said lands." In 
 other words, they were the lands that Kregier and his 
 
12 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Dutch troops had ravaged in 1663. They were limited 
 in extent, embracing scarce three townships in south- 
 western Ulster, and were specially designated by the 
 Indians as Shawangunk, " the white man's country," 
 as distinguished from the lands to which tliey retained 
 the title. 
 
 From this extreme position on the northwest bounds 
 of the present county chronology takes us to the ex- 
 treme south of the old county of Orange, " the Chris- 
 tian patented lands of Haverstraw." Here Balthazer 
 de Hart and his brother Jacob, immigrants from 
 Holland at an earlier date, prior to July 31, 1666, 
 purchased from the Indians " all that tract of land 
 lying on the west side of Hudson's River called Hav- 
 erstraw, being on the north side of the hills called 
 Verdrietig Hook, on the south side of the Highlands, 
 on the east side of the mountains, so that the same is 
 bounded by Hudson's Eiver and round about by the 
 high mountains." Presuming that the tract was in- 
 cluded in the boundaries of New Jersey, he obtained 
 from Carteret and the Council of that province a 
 patent,* and transferred his interest to Nicholas De- 
 puy and Peter Jacoljs Marius. On subsequent pur- 
 chase and patent he acquired (April 10, 1671) the 
 "parcels of land called by the Indian names of New- 
 asink, Yandakali, Caquaney, and Aquamak, bounded 
 on the west by a creek called Menisakcuugue, on the 
 east and north by Hudson's River, and on the soutli 
 by the mountains," which became the property of his 
 brother Jacob ; and also a tract " known by the name 
 of Ahequerenoy," which, with a portion of the pre- 
 vious purcha.se, came to the possession of Hendrick 
 Eyker, the whole becoming the basis of the boun- 
 daries of all subsequent grants in the district. 
 
 Turning again to the north of the district, we find 
 that Louis Du Bois, a Huguenot pioneer, driven 
 thitlier by the pending persecutions of the people of 
 his faith in France, located, with some of his friends, 
 at Esopus in 1660. Contributing the captivity of his 
 wife and children to the Indian war of 1663, he sub- 
 sequently induced several families of his countrymen, 
 who were more recent immigrants, to unite with him 
 in establishing a French town. Twelve men, known as 
 the " Twelve Patentees," were selected to obtain title 
 to lands, who, after an examination of the country, pur- 
 chased from the Indian proprietors (May 26, 1677) a 
 tract of thirty-six thousand acres, lying immediately 
 south of the " Redoute Creek," as the Warranawon- 
 kong came to be called. On the 29th of September 
 following a patent was obtained from Governor An- 
 dros, in the name of " Louis du Bois and his partners, 
 that is, Christian Doyau, Abraham Hasbroucq, Andre 
 le Febvre, Jean Hasbroucq, Pierre Doyau, Louis Be- 
 viere, Anthoine Crespel, Abraham du Bois, Hugue 
 Frere, Isaac Du Bois, and Simon le Febvre, their 
 heirs and others," men whose names live in the 
 
 * The grant was subsequently confirmed by tlie Governor and Council 
 of New York. The patent is of record in New Jersey. 
 
 annals of their adopted country. On this patent nine 
 families immediately settled, and laid, in the faith 
 which they professed, the foundations of New Paltz. 
 
 Midway between the Haverstraw and New Paltz 
 settlements, Patrick MacGregorie, his brother-in-law, 
 David Toshuck, who subscribed his name " Laird of 
 Minivard," and twenty-five others, principally Scotch 
 Presbyterians, entered upon lands at the mouth of the 
 Waoraneck. It was their original intention to settle 
 in New Jersey, but they were pei-suaded by Governor 
 Dongan to take up lands in New York. Obtaining 
 a license for that purpose, MacGregorie, acting as 
 their representative, purchased for his people a tract 
 of four thousand acres, embracing lands on both sides 
 of "Murderer's Creek," "and so settled themselves, 
 their families and sundry of their servants, on the 
 land so purchased, and were not only the first Chris- 
 tians that settled and improved thereon, but also 
 peaceably and quietly possessed and enjoyed them- 
 selves during the term of their natural lives." On 
 what is now known as Plum Point, but which was 
 then called, from its aboriginal owner, Couwanham's 
 Hill, MacGregorie reared his cabin ; in the same 
 vicinity were the cabins of his associates, while on 
 the south side of the creek the " Laird of Minivard" 
 and his servant, Daniel Maskrig, established a trading- 
 post. Within the bounds of the present county of Orange 
 this was the first European settlement, as Haverstraw 
 was the first in the original county. 
 
 Unfortunately, MacGregorie did not perfect his 
 title by patent. Trusting to Governor Dongan to 
 protect his interests, he entered the service of the 
 State, while Dongan obtained by purcha.se on his 
 own account (Oct. 25, 1684), from " Mangenaett, 
 Tsema, Keghgekapowell, alias Joghem, three Indians, 
 native proprietors and principal owners, with the 
 consent of Pemeranaghin, chief sachem of Esopus 
 Indians," a tract described as extending from " the 
 Paltz along Hudson's River to the land belonging to 
 the Indians at the Murderer's Kill, thence westward 
 to the foot of the high hills called Pitkiskaker and 
 Aiaskawa-sting, thence southwesterly all along the said 
 hills and the river called Peakadasank to a water- 
 pond lying upon said hills called Meretange, compre- 
 hending all those lands, meadows, and woods called 
 Nescotank, Chawangon, Memorasink, Kakoghgetaw- 
 narnuch, and Ghittatawagh." The consideration was 
 the sum of ninety pounds and eleven shillings, in the 
 following goods : " 10 fathoms blue duflels, 10 fathoms 
 of red duflels, 200 fathoms white wampum, 10 fathoms 
 stroud water (red cloth), 10 fathoms blue cloth, 10 
 blankets, 10 guns, 10 kettles, 10 duffel coats, 10 draw- 
 ing-knives, 10 shirts, 10 tobacco-boxes, 10 children's 
 duft'el coats, 10 children's shirts, 10 pair of hose, 50 
 lbs. powder, 50 bars lead, 10 pair shoes, 10 cutlasses, 
 10 hatchets, 10 hoes, 10 scissors, 10 tobacco tongues, 
 100 flints, 2 rolls of tobacco, 20 gals, rum, 2 vats 
 strong beer, and 1 barrel cider." 
 To this purchase he added (April 16, 168-t), by deed 
 
LAND TITLES— FIRST SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 13 
 
 from Werekepes, sachem, Sackaghemeck, Sewiskka- 
 mock, alias Hans, Apiskaeuw, Caslioros, Csquameck, 
 Moringamaghan, Poglighock, and Kaghtsikoos, the 
 lands owned by "themselves and copartners," being a 
 tract beginning " at about a place called the Dancing 
 Chamber; thence south to the north side of the land 
 called Haverstraw ; thence northwest along the hill 
 called Skoonnenoghky to the bounds of his purchase 
 from the Esopus Indians aforesaid, including the 
 Murderer's Creek." The consideration was 150 
 fatlioms of wampum, 120 royals, 20 fathoms duf- 
 fels, 6 guns, 7 brass kettles, 8 blankets, 6 fathoms 
 strouds, 2 cloth coats, 2 broad axes, 5 pair shoes, 6 
 children's shirts, 20 knives, 50 lbs. powder, 30 bars 
 lead, 25 lbs. shot, 2 rolls tobacco, 4 iron pots, 10 to- 
 bacco tongues, 10 tobacco-boxes, 4 lbs. bood, 2 half- 
 vats single beer, 2 half-vats double beer, 6 glass bot- 
 tles, 5 earthen jugs, 2 pewter dishes, 2 bottles, with 
 rum, 100 tobacco pipes, 10 hatchets, 6 drawing-knives, 
 4 addz, 10 hoes, 10 pair stockings, 8 shirts, 6 pistols, 
 10 children's blankets, 2 boys' cloth coats, 6 boys' 
 duttel coats, 20 gallons rum, £2* paid Frederick 
 Phillipse, £2 paid Stephanus Van Cortlandt. 
 
 Not only had the Indians previously sold to Mac- 
 Gregorie a portion of the lands which by this sale 
 they conveyed to Dongan, but Stephanus Van Cort- 
 landt held their deed for a tract opposite Anthony's 
 Nose. The purchase was made July 13, 1683, and 
 the tract described as " beginning on the south side 
 of a creek called Sankapogh, and so along said creek 
 to the head thereof, and then northerly along the 
 high hills as the river runneth to another creek called 
 Assinapink, and thence along the said creek to Hud- 
 son's Eiver again, together with a certain island and 
 parcel of meadow-land, near or adjoining the same, 
 called Manahawaghkin, and by the Christians, Salis- 
 bury Island." Sackaghemeck, sachem of Haver- 
 straw, Werekepes, and Kaghtsikoos were the grantors. 
 Luckily, he preserved his deed, and under it succeeded 
 in obtaining a patent attaching his purchase to his 
 manor, on the opposite side of the river. 
 
 But the MacGregorie colonists were not so fortunate. 
 Governor Dongan conveyed his two purchases to Capt. 
 John Evans by patent Sept. 12, 1694, under the title 
 of the Lordship and Manor of Fletcherdon. Mac- 
 Gregorie, after serving the province in the capacity 
 of muster-general of the militia and as its agent 
 among the northwestern Indians in a district of 
 country which had not been previously visited, had 
 yielded up his life in the Leslie revolution of 1691, 
 and a peaceful death had closed the earthly cares of 
 David Toshuck in the bosom of his family, at Plum 
 Point. To dispossess the heirs was the first work of 
 Evans, to whose shame it is written that he compelled 
 MacGregorie's widow, Margaret, to sell to him the 
 house in which she lived for " £30 or £35, to the 
 
 * The rounds of this period wore of about the value of a Uuited States 
 dollar. 
 
 ruin of herself and family." To her and to her sur- 
 viving neighbors he then granted leases, thus preserv- 
 ing title and possession, as well as the continuity of 
 the settlement. The Scotch settlers who remained in 
 possession under these leases obtained no subsequent 
 patent titles, except in the case of the heirs of Mac- 
 Gregorie, to whom, some years later, a patent was 
 granted for the Plum Point farm, and also for a 
 mountain tract, in consideration of their claim. 
 
 The fourth settlement, and by far the most consid- 
 erable, was made adjoining the " Christian patented 
 lands of Haverstraw." It was composed of immi- 
 grants from Holland, principally members of the 
 Reformed Dutch Church. Among them were de- 
 scendants or relatives of David Pieterson de Vries, 
 who had occupied a conspicuous position in the 
 earlier history of the province, and had established 
 a plantation which he called Vriesendael, situated 
 "in a beautiful valley just below the mountains." 
 Driven thence during the war of 1645, he had taken 
 to Holland a memory which had been treasured by 
 his family and neighbors, who, on their arrival, 
 selected a location in the vicinity, if not embracing 
 the site, of his ancient " little bouwerie." Obtaining, 
 through trustees selected for that purpose, a title from 
 "the native Indian proprietors," and being in num- 
 bers sufficient to demand it, they were granted 
 (March 20, 1686) a township patent, "under the* 
 name of the Town of Orange," with all the powers 
 " practiced or belonging unto any town within this 
 Government." The trustees of the grant were Cor- 
 nells Claessen Cuyper, Daniel de Klercke, Peter 
 Harnich, Cattis Harnich, Gerritt Steumetts, John de 
 Vries, Sr., John de Vries, Jr., Claes Mannde, Jan 
 Stratemaker, Staaes de Groot, Arean Lammeates, 
 Lamont Arianuis, Huybert Gerrj'ts, Johannes Gerrits, 
 Eide Van Vorst, and Cornelius Lammerts. The 
 boundaries of the tract were defined as "beginning at 
 the mouth of Tappan Creek where it falls into the 
 meadow and running from thence along the north 
 side of the said creek to a creeple bush and falls into 
 Hackinsack River, northerly to a place called the 
 Greenbush, and from thence along said Greenbush 
 easterly to the lands of Class Janse and Dowe Har- 
 manse,t and from thence southerly along said land 
 upon the top of the hills to the aforementioned mouth 
 of Tappan Creek where it falls into the meadow 
 aforesaid." The centre of the township was at Tap- 
 pan, where a glebe for the support of a minister was 
 laid out and a church organized.^ 
 
 A vacant tract of land, immediately west of Hav- 
 erstraw, was conveyed by deed and patent (the latter, 
 June 25,1696) to Daniel Honan and Michael Hawdon. 
 This tract, which is described as being known by the 
 
 t Probably Harmnn Dowson, who had taken up a tract called Pessa- 
 tinock, on Hackii)S,ack River. 
 
 X The Reformed Protestant Dutch. It was organized Oct. 24, 1694. 
 The first preacher was the Rev. Guilliam Bartliolf. The first church 
 edifice waa erected in 1716. The glebe consisted of fifty-five acres. 
 
14 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 name of Kuck-quack-ta-wake (Kakiate) , was " bounded 
 on the east by the Christian patented kinds of Haver- 
 straw, on the north by a creek called Shamorack or 
 Peasqua, which runs under a great hill, from which it 
 continues a west course until the west-southwest side 
 of a barren plain called Wishpegwrap bears south, 
 thence to the west-southwest side of aforesaid plain, 
 from thence south-southwest until the said line comes 
 to a creek that runs to David Demaree's creek to the 
 south side of the land called Marranchaw, and thence 
 down the said creek to the Christian patented lands." 
 Adjoining this tract on the south, Samuel Bayard 
 was granted certain tracts called Whorinims, Perseck, 
 Gemaekie, and Narrashunck, " bounded north by the 
 land of Daniel Honan and Michael Hawdon, south 
 by the parting line of this Province and the Jerseys, 
 west by Saddle River, and east by Demaree's Creek," 
 containing two thousand acres. The Indian deed for 
 this and several other purchases was covered by one 
 to Lucas Tienhoven, embracing by survey one hun- 
 dred thousand acres, but for which no patent was 
 issued. 
 
 Between the township of Orange and the Haver- 
 straw lands the rocky bluff known as Verdrietig 
 Hook, by the Indians called Quaspeeck, including 
 Rockland Lake, became the subject of controversj' 
 between "John Hutchins and Company" and " Jarvis 
 Marshall and Company." Both parties obtained 
 deeds, but the latter apparently had priority in date 
 of purchase and were granted (Sept. 27, 1694) the 
 patent, the patentees being Jarvis Marshall and Wil- 
 liam Welch. At a later period (April 23, 1708) a 
 patent to Lancaster Syms, Robert Walter, and Hen- 
 drick Ten Eycke covered the vacant river-front, de- 
 scribed as " beginning by the south bounds of Hav- 
 erstraw, thence west to the northermost end of the 
 land or island called Mattasink or Welch's Island, 
 thence southerly to the southermost end of said 
 island, then east to the creek that runs out of the 
 pond upon Verdrietig Hook and along the same to 
 the Hudson, then north to the place of beginning, 
 except the grant to Honan and Hawdon." 
 
 The patents described covered the entire district on 
 the Hudson from the New Jersey line to New Paltz, 
 and extended west to the line of the Shawangunk 
 Mountains. While they were being taken up, some 
 entries had also been made on the Delaware River. 
 Arent Schuyler, employed by the government as an 
 interpreter of tlie Indian language and as an agent 
 among the Indian tribes, obtained (May 20, 1697), on 
 previous deed from the Minisinks, a patent for one 
 thousand acres, more particularly described as a " tract 
 of land in the Minisink country called by the native 
 Indians Sankhekeneck, otherwise Mayhawaem ; also 
 another tract, called Warinsayskmeck, situated upon 
 a river called Mennessincks before a certain island 
 called Menagnock, which tract is adjacent or near to 
 a tract of land called Maghaghkemek." In the same 
 year (October 14th) a patent was granted to Jacob 
 
 Codebec, Thomas Swartwout, Anthony Swartwout, 
 Bernardus Swartwout, Jan Tyse, Peter Gimar, and 
 David Jamison, for " a certain quantity of land at a 
 place called Maghaghkemek, being the quantity of 
 one thousand two hundred acres ; beginning at the 
 western bounds of the lands called Nepeneck, to a 
 small stream of water called by the Indian name of 
 Assawagkemeck, and so along said run of water and 
 the lauds of Mansjoor the Indian." 
 
 It has been claimed that there was a settlement in 
 the vicinity of the Swartwout Patent some time prior to 
 the date of that instrument. At an early jieriod what 
 was known as "the old mine road" was opened be- 
 tween Esopus and the Delaware, constructed, it is 
 said, by a company of Dutch miners. This road ran 
 through the Mamakating Valley, north of the Shaw- 
 angunk Mountains, was continued in the valley of 
 the Maghaghkemek branch of the Delaware, and pen- 
 etrated the Minisinks proper east of that river. Here, 
 it is added, the company discovered copper, worked 
 a mine, and transported its product over the road 
 which they had constructed to the Esopus settlement. 
 Unfortunately for the value of the tradition, the road 
 was simply the enlargement of an Indian trail which 
 had been followed for ages, while the mine referred to 
 was in what is now the town of Warren, Sussex Co., 
 N. J. The boundaries of the question are still fur- 
 thercircumscribed by the fact that the Dutch at Esopus, 
 during the war of 1660-63, had little knowledge of 
 the country even east of the Shawangunk Mountains, 
 and that the Minisink country was penetrated, if at 
 a much earlier period, by the way of the Delaware 
 River. 
 
 Nor is it true that the first settlement was on the 
 Swartwout Patent. At the date of issue of that patent, 
 Jacob Codebec, Thomas Swartwout, Anthony Swart- 
 wout, and Peter Guimar* were residents of New Paltz 
 or of Kingston. They certainly had not made set- 
 tlement on the Delaware in 1690. But there was set- 
 tlement there, about that time, by one William Tiet- 
 soort, a blacksmith, who in a petition to the Governor 
 and Council of New York, dated April 10, 1708, states 
 that he was formerly a resident of Schenectady, and 
 that from the massacre at that place, in 1689, he 
 barely escaped with his life; that having friends in 
 the Esopus country he removed thither, where, being 
 known by the friendly Indians, he was invited by 
 them to take up his residence in the Minisink country, 
 the Indians voluntarily granting unto him a tract of 
 land situate and being at Maghaghkemek, named and 
 
 ■f Peter Guimar, a native or Moir Saiutuuge, was married to Estlier 
 Hasbroucq, native of tlie Palatinate, at New Paltz, April 18, 1692. He 
 left his native place in company with Coilebec in 1685, or rather tiie 
 familiee of Abraham Guimar and James Codebec, of which he and Jacob 
 Codebec were minor members, came out together. That Codebec, Swart- 
 wout, and Guimar were what may be regarded as the first permanent set- 
 tlers on the patent will not be disputed, but there wore three settle- 
 ments in the ancient precinct, — " BIk" and " Little Minisink," and the 
 " neighborhood of Maghaghkemek," and were recognized by the law of 
 1701. 
 
LAND TITLES— FIRST SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 15 
 
 known by the name of Schaikaeckamick, in an elbow ; 
 that he obtained license to purchase Oct. 15, 1698, 
 that he so purchased,* and that his possessions were 
 subsequently assumed to be included in a purchase 
 by and patent to Matthew Ling, against which lie 
 asked protection. There is very little room to doubt 
 that he was the first settler on the western border. 
 His deed from the Indians was obtained subsequently, 
 as his gift-title could not be regarded as strictly legal. 
 It bears date June 3, 1700, and is duly recorded in 
 Ulster records. 
 
 Active competition in the extinguishment of In- 
 dian titles by purchase and obtaining patents sprung 
 up at the opening of the succeeding century. Asso- 
 ciations were formed, not unfrequently mainly com- 
 posed of those holding official positions under the 
 government, and large grants obtained. Three prin- 
 cipal patents of this class necessarily require notice 
 in this connection. The first, the Chesekook Patent, 
 was included in a purchase from " Moringamaghan, 
 Skawgus, Ughquaw, Onickotapp, and Aioqhquaherae, 
 native Indians, proprietors," Dec. 30, 1702, by " Doc- 
 tor John Bridges, Hendrick Ten Eycke, Derick Van- 
 denburgh, John Cholwell, Christopher Denn, Lan- 
 caster Syms, and John Merritt," of a " certain tract 
 of upland and meadow called Chesekook, bounded 
 north by the patent line of Capt. John Evans, to the 
 west by the high hills of the Highlands, to the south 
 by Honan and Hawdon's Patent, and to the east by 
 the lands of the bounds of Haverstraw and Hudson's 
 River," and for which they received a patent March 
 25, 1707. The second, the Wawayanda Patent, was 
 on a purchase (March 5, 1703) from " Rapingonick, 
 Wawastawa, Moghopuck, Cornelawaw, Nanawitt, Ar- 
 awinack, Rombout, Claus, Chouckhass, Chingapaw, 
 Oshasquememus, and Quilapaw, native Indians and 
 proprietors," by "Doctor John Bridges, Hendrick 
 Ten Eycke, Derick Vandenburgh, John Cholwell, 
 Christopher Denn, Lancaster Syms, Daniel Honan, 
 Philip Rokeby, John Merritt, Benjamin Aske, Peter 
 Mathews, and Cornelius Christianse," for a "certain 
 sum of money and goods," of " certain tracts or par- 
 cels of vacant lands named Wawayanda, and some 
 
 * From a joint aflRiiavit made by him and liis sou Jacob, in 1717, it ap- 
 pears tliat he sold two parcels of land at Maghaghkemek, in 1713, to Jan 
 Decker, who, with his cousin, "' young Jan Pecker," were to occupy one of 
 tlie parcels, and bis brother, Hendrick Decker, the other. Ho was then a 
 resilient of Duchess County, to which he probably removed immediately 
 after his sale to Decker. In a list of residents of Duchess County in 1714 
 is the following entry : " William Tetsort, number of male persons above 
 sixty years, one ; number of male persons from sixteen to sixty, two ; num- 
 ber of females from sixteen to sixty, /ipo ; number of females undei' six teen, 
 oite." From which it ma.v be inferred that he was then over sixty years 
 of age, and that his family waa composed of himself, his wife, two sons, 
 and two daughters. Uis wife is said to have been Sarah Decker, and that 
 her Dame, with his own, is recorded in the records of Maghaghkemek 
 Church in 17;i9, at the baptism of their son Bernardus. The truth of 
 this statement may be doubted, however, unless Bernardne was a very 
 old boij^ or Sarah Decker was a second wife, for Tietsoort himself must 
 have been ovei- eighty-two years of age at the time. The family suljse- 
 quently settled in Wantage, N. J., where the name is now written Tits- 
 worth. 
 
 other small tracts or parcels of land, being bounded 
 on the eastward by the high hills of the Highlands 
 and the patent of Capt. John Evans, on the north by 
 the division line of the counties of Orange and Ulster, 
 on the westward by the high hills to the eastward of 
 Minisinks, and on the south by the division line of 
 the provinces of New York and Ea.st Jersey." The 
 patent was granted April 29, 1703. 
 
 The third grant, the Minisink Patent, was still more 
 extensive. It was issued Aug. 28, 1704, to Matthew 
 Ling, Ebenezer Wilson, Philip French, Derick Van- 
 denburgh, Stephen de Lancey, Philip Rokeby, John 
 Corbett, Daniel Honan, Caleb Cooper, William 
 Sharpas, Robert Milward, Thomas Wenham, Lan- 
 caster Syms, John Person, Benjamin Aake, Petrus 
 Bayard, John Cholwell, Peter Fanconier, Henry 
 Swift, Hendrick Ten Eycke, Jarvis Marshall, Ann 
 Bridges (widow of John Bridges), and George Clark, 
 and conveyed to them " all that part of Orange and 
 Ulster Counties, beginning at a place in Ulster County 
 called Hunting House, or Yagh House, lying to the 
 northeast of land called Bashe's land, thence to run 
 west by north until it meets the Fishkill or main branch 
 of Delaware River, thence to run southerly to the south 
 end of Great Minisink Island, thence due south to the 
 land lately granted to John Bridges and Company 
 (Wawayanda), and so along that patent as it runs 
 northward and the patent of Capt. John Evans, and 
 thence to the place of beginning." The grant con- 
 solidated two grants, one to Philip French and Com- 
 pany, and one to Ebenezer Wilson and Company, and 
 only excepted from its sweeping boundaries the tract 
 called Sankhekeneck or Mayhawacm, with a parcel of 
 meadow called Warinsayskmeck, previously granted 
 to Arent Schuyler, and a tract called Maghaghkemek, 
 near Nepeneck, granted to Jacob Codebec and others. 
 
 Had the purchasers a deed from the Indians? Not 
 only is there none on record, but Sir William Johnson 
 writes, " An elderly man who livetl in the Highlands, 
 and at whose house I dined on my way from New 
 York some years ago, told me that he lived with or 
 in the neighborhood of Depuy, and was present when 
 the said Depuyt purchased the Minisink lands from 
 the Indians ; that when they were to sign the deed of 
 sale he made them drunk, and never paid them the 
 money agreed upon. He heard the Indians fre- 
 quently complain of the fraud, and declare that they 
 would never be easy until they had satisfaction for 
 their lands."J When in 1757 the wronged red men 
 swept the western border with devastation, it was 
 their declaration that they would never " leave off 
 killing the English until they were paid for their 
 lands, mentioning Minisink almost to the Hudson 
 River." 
 
 t Samuel Depuy was settled on the west bank of the Delaware, three 
 miles above the Water Gap. He was one of the Walloons who came to 
 Now York about 1697. He became a largo laiiS-owner in Peonsylvauia, 
 ami was well known to all who traveled "the mine road." It is possiMe 
 that he is referred to in the text. 
 
 X MSS, of Sir William Johnson, sxiv, 14. 
 
16 
 
 HISTORY OF OKANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 The boundary lines of the Chesekook, AVawayauda, 
 Miiii^iiik. and Evans Patents were for a lonsr time a 
 disturbing element. They were entirely undefined, 
 except iu general terms. The west line of Chese- 
 kook and the east line of Wawayanda was designated 
 by a mountain ninge: the esist line of Minisink and 
 the west line of Wawayanda was also a mountain 
 mnge, and so in part wsv? the north line of both the 
 Chesekook and the Wawayanda, or rather the south- 
 west line of the Kvans Patent, to whieh they ran. In 
 the subsequent adjustment of the latter, together with 
 that of the county line, a portion of the territory 
 claimed by the Wawayanda patentees was cut off, 
 while on the west an angle was formed, known as the 
 Minisink Angle, embracing a tract of one hundred 
 and thirty thousand acres. 
 
 The granting of immense tracts of land aroused 
 the attention of the English government in lOfS. 
 Investigation followed and resultetl in annulling the 
 patent to Capt. Evans, by act of the Assembly. May 12, 
 lt>;li\ Notwithstanding the policy of issuing patents 
 for small tracts, upon which the repeal of the Evans 
 Patent was predicated, was abandoned iu the almost 
 immediately following issue of the Wawayanda, Mini- 
 sink, and similar large grants, the territory which the 
 Evans Patent covereil was conveyed in small tracts 
 by patents issucvl at ditlerent periods from 1701 to 
 177o, but principally prior to 17o0, and were — exclu- 
 sive of thi>se not includeil in the present boundaries 
 of the county — as follows : 
 
 1. Ko^r aod PiDhoru« Moiup«tii!$^>u, l^W acnes, Mtuvh 4, 170©. 
 
 2. Eli*n<?»er Wil:j^tu tiud tWiganiiu -Vske, i\KV acrws, March 7, 1709. 
 
 ^ Ri() Viiii Paiu. AJi>lt>lj rhillii«se. DaviJ Provost Jr., L&ucascer 
 $yiu««, aud Thomas Jod«(S, oiM' acr««, March 23, 170M. 
 
 4. Gtrranlus tt«>«*kuau. Kip Van Dtuu, .\dol|>h Phttlip^, Garrvit Bnss, 
 Servas YIe«rtvrue, aud Daniel Van Vorw, SOW acres, March 24, I7ft». 
 
 5. IVter Matthews, WiUUm Shar|n$, and WiUijuu Pavi^, 2vXI0 acr«i5, 
 Sept. S, 17W. 
 
 <>. VViUiam Chauubers aud WiUiaiu SoutherUnd, 1000 acres, Se^tt. :^ 
 1709. 
 7. Saniuel Stiuts, June 5>, 1712. 
 
 S. Heun- Wileman and Heurr Van Bael, SOOll acr«s, June 30, 1712. 
 ». .\rchiUld Kenneiiy, 1200 acres. Au^. 11, I7i:>. 
 
 10. Alexander Bairxl, Aimer Vau Vlacque, and Uenuanos Johiksoo, 
 WOO acres, FeK 2S, 1716, 
 
 11. Jeremiah Schuyler. Jacobus Van CX^urUudt, Frvderick PliiUipge> 
 William SharivLS, and Isaac Bobbin, 10,tvt) acres, JatL 22, 1719. 
 
 12. Kiiwanl Oatehcuse, UX^.' acres, Jan. 22, 1719, 
 
 15. Cornelius Low, Oerard Schujfler, aud John Schuirler, 3292 acres, 
 March 17. 1719. 
 
 14. Thomas Bnuu«r, 20k«) acr««, March 17. 1719. 
 Ij. Phiueos Mclulosh. 20^10 acivs, .\|iril 9, 1719. 
 
 16. John Lawrence, 2772 acres, April 9, 1719. 
 
 17. Johu Haskell. 2VV.W acres, April 9, 1719. 
 
 15. James .\lexauder, 2lW acres, April 9, 1719. 
 19. Cadwallader CV.ldeu, 2l.U.> acres. April 9, 1719. 
 an. IHTid Oalatiau. ICO} actvs, June 4. 1719. . 
 a. Patrick McKuigbt, 2lW acr»6, Jul,T 7, 1719, 
 32. Andrew Johustou, 20(V acres. Juljr T, IT19. 
 SS. Melchoir GUles, 300 actw, Oct S, 1719. 
 
 i». German Patent, 2190 acres. Pec. IS, 1719. 
 35. John Johustou, Jr., two tracts. Feb, 3, 1720. 
 26. Thomas N'oxcn, 2lV\l acres, JI».t 2S, 172U, 
 2T. William Hu.ldlestou. 2iVV .vres, June 2, 1730. 
 2S. Vincent Matthew^ av acres, June 17, ITax 
 29. Kichaixl Van Dam, lAV acres, June 30, 1720. 
 
 3a Francis Harrison, Oliver Schuyler, and Allen Jarratt, 5000 aci««, 
 July 7, 172i>. 
 
 31. Philip Schuyler, Johannes Lansing, Jr., Henry Wileman, and 
 Jacobus Bruyu, SIHV acres, July 7, 1720. 
 
 32. I'atrick MacGregv>rie, two tracts, tiSO acr«e, Aug, 6, 1720, 
 
 33. Mary Ingv.ldsby and her daughter, Mary Piuhorne, and Mary 
 Pinhorne and Wm. Piuhorne, her children, two tracts, 53C0 acres, Aug. 
 11, 1720. 
 
 34. Jacobus Kipp, Jahn Cruger, Philip CV>rtlaud, DaTid Provost, Oli- 
 ver Schuyler, aud John Schuyler, 7(X>0 acres, Oct. 17, 1720. 
 
 3o. Lewis Morris and Vincent Pearve, two tracts, 1000 acres each, Julj 
 21, •.721. 
 
 36. John Uaskell, 2t«Xl acres, Aug. 24, 1721. 
 
 37. Patrick Uume, Sixm acres, Nov. 29, 1721. 
 
 35. James Henderson, two tracts, one not located, 1600 acres, Feb, 12, 
 1722. 
 
 39. Jacobus Bniyn and Henry Wileman, 25^itt acres, .\pril 25, 1722. 
 
 40. J.inies Smith, 2iX10 acres, Dec. l.i. 1722. 
 
 41. Charles Congreve, S^X> acres. May 17, 1722. 
 
 42. Aan Iloivglandt,* 201X^ acres. May 24, 1723. 
 
 43. Francis Uarris^m, Mary Tathani, Thomas Braxier, James Graham, 
 and Johu Haskell, .'^Xi acres, July 10, 1714, 
 
 44. William Bull and Richard Gerratd, 2«C0 acres,* Aug, 10, 1723, 
 
 45. William Bull and Richard Gerrard, two tracts, 1500 acres, Dec. 14, 
 1724. 
 
 46. Isaac Bobbin, GOO acres, March 2S, 1726. 
 
 47. Edwani Bla^ aud Joh;iuues Hey, two tracts, 2000 acr«6 each, 
 Mareh 2S. 1726. 
 
 4S. Nathaniel Hazarvl aud Joseph Sackett, two tracts, 4000 acres, Jan. 
 11, 1727. 
 
 49. William BradforJ, 2lXXi acres. Sept, 1, 1727. 
 
 50. John Spratt aud .Kndries Marschalk, 2000 acres, April 12, 172S. 
 
 51. James Wallace. 2l«0 acres. March 2, tlM. 
 
 52. Gal.riel aud William Ludlow, six tracts. 4lXX> acres, Oct. IS, 1731. 
 
 53. Thomas Smith, liXX) acres. May S, 17.S2. 
 
 54. Daniel E>'erett aud James Stringham, 3S50 acres, Jan. 17, 173*>. 
 53. tUitalwth Deune. 1140 acres," Dec. 12, 1734. 
 
 5^ Joseph Sackett aud Joseph Sackett, Jr., two tracts, &M0 acres, July 
 7, 1736. 
 
 57. Nathaniel Hazard, Jr., 2000 acres, Aug. 12. 1736. 
 
 .V?. Thomas EHis«.m, three tracts, 2lXX» acres. May 13, 1737. 
 
 59. Joseph Sackett. five tracts, 2tXiO acres, Sei* 1. 1737. 
 
 GO. .\nu, Sarah, Catharine, George, Eliiabeth, and Mary Bradley, two 
 tracts. 46A.1 acrvs, Oct. 14. 1749. 
 
 61 . Cornelius PuB<>is. two tracts, one not located, July 2, 1739. 
 
 82. RicharJ Bradley, SOO acres. May 17. 1743. 
 
 63. Jane and Alice tVlden. two tracts, 4AXi acres, Oct, SOl, 1749, 
 
 64. Johu Moore, 2Sti acres, Oct. 30, 1749. 
 
 65. Peter Van Burgh LiviugsMn and John Prvvost, 3000 acres. May 
 2«sl750, 
 
 66. George llarrisoD. three tracts, 2000 acres, July 20, 1750, 
 
 67. Jacobus Brayn aud George Murray, 4txX» acres, Sept. 26, 1750. 
 
 6S. Thomas Ellison aud Lawreuce Ro>.>me, six tracts, 4000 acres. Nov. 
 12, 17.V1. 
 
 69. Alexander Phceuix and Abraham Bockel, 1000 acres, July 13, 
 1751. 
 
 70. Thomas Ellison, lOSO acres, Dec. 1, 1753. 
 
 71. John NeWuu, 5.V> acres, Oct, 4, 1754. 
 
 72. James Crawford, Jr., Samuel Crawford, Jamw White, aud Vmrid 
 CrawfotJ. 41XX1 acres. May 17, 1761. 
 
 73. Cadwallader CV>ldeu, Jr., and Daniel Colden, 720 acres, June 20, 
 1761. 
 
 74. Vittorat and David Manhews, ISOO acres, Nov. 26, 1761. 
 75t Johu Nelson, 1265 acres, iVt. 4, 1762. 
 
 76. Thomas Moore aud Lewis Pintai\L 2000 acres, Dec 23, 1762. 
 
 77. Peter HaaiSeuclever, March 25, 1767. 
 
 75. William Smith aud Edward wnikiu, 20tXi acres, April 17, 176S. 
 79. William .\risou and Archiliald Breckeuridge, 4CX> acres, 1770, 
 
 SOl Daniel Horsemauden, Miles Sherbrxtok, Samuel Camfield, aud Wi|. 
 Uam Sidney. 3210 acres, 1772. 
 SI. Thomas Moore and John C^buriM, 2Ul)n acra, ilaick 14, 17T5. 
 sa. Heory Townsend. 2000 acres.! 
 
 * Cut off from Wawayauda by boaudatr line. Other |Mt«ite of this 
 class are similarly designated. 
 i t It ts not claimed tliat this list has no omissions, but that it ctHitaios 
 sabstantially all the patents granted. There are traces of small lots, 
 
LAND TITLES— FIRST SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 17 
 
 The precise location of these several patents will 
 not he attempted. Some of them hecame centres of 
 poi)u!atioii ; especially is this true of the (ierman 
 Patent of 171i>, which was issued to fugitives from 
 the Palatinate of the Rhine, who ha<l been settled 
 thereon in 170!), and is now embraced in the city of 
 Newburgh. A comparatively small portion of the 
 Jlinisink Patent extended over the present county. 
 The Wawayanila and Chesekook Patents were wholly 
 within its liiriits, the former being the largest, and 
 embracing its most fertile sections. The progress of 
 settlement of the district during the century suc- 
 ceeding the discovery, aside from the extinction of the 
 aboriginal title and the issue of patents, is approxi- 
 mately conveyed in the census of 1702, by which it 
 appears that the ixjpulation at that time, exclusive of 
 the MaeGregorie settlement, consisted of forty-nine 
 men between the ages of sixteen and sixty, forty mar- 
 ried women, fifty-seven male and eighty-four female 
 children, thirteen male negroes, seven negresses, and 
 thirteen negro children. 
 
 Adverting more particularly to the Wawayanda 
 Patent, we find it an undefined district both in pur- 
 chase and in grant. The Indian deed of March .5, 
 1702-3, to Dr. John Bridges, Ilendrick Ten Eyck, 
 Derrick Vandenburgh, John Cholwell, Christopher 
 Denne, Lancaster Symes, Daniel Honan, Philip 
 liokeby, .lolin Merritt, Benjamin Aske, Peter Mat- 
 thews, and Cornelius Christianse, described the con- 
 veyance as of "certain tracts and j^arcels of vacant 
 lands in the county of Orange, named Wawayanda, 
 and some other small tracts and parcels of land, being 
 bounded ea,stwanl by the high hills of the Highlands 
 and the patent of Capt. John Evans, on the north by 
 the division line of the counties of Orange and Ul- 
 ster, on the westward by the high hills to the east- 
 ward of Minisink, and on the south by the division 
 line of the province of New York and East Jersey ;" 
 and the patent of A])ril 29, 170.3, repeats these boun- 
 daries literally. [Standing on one of " the high hills 
 of the Highlands," on the east, the eye could sweep 
 the outline of the valley below and trace the circling 
 line of " the high hills to the ea.stward of Minisink" 
 until they faded away in the south, but no eye could 
 estimate its actual surface, and its proprietors were 
 themselves surprised at the extent of their grant. It 
 was held by deed in common until 17lt."), when it wa.s 
 agreed to divide it in twelve parts and release sur- 
 vivorship rights. This release was executed Sept. 23, 
 1706, at which time the number of original holders 
 had been reduced to eight, viz. : Derrick Vanden- 
 burgh, bricklayer; John Cholwell, merchant; Chris- 
 topher Denne, merchant; Lancaster Symes, gentle- 
 man; Daniel Honan, gentleman; Benjamin Aske, 
 
 principally overplus in surveys of other patenb, obtained at later 
 periods, but the acreage in them is not suflit-iently large to Justify ex- 
 tended researrli. It may be well to add that, tiirough heirs and devisees 
 of the original grantees, some of the patented lands liecanie known by 
 the names of other parties. 
 
 merchant ; Peter Matthews, gentleman ; and John 
 Merritt, gentleman, all of the city of New York. 
 The remaining four of the patentee interests were 
 held as follows: the Bridges share by Ann Bridges, 
 the Rokeby share by Daniel Cromeline and others, 
 the Christianse share by Derrick Vandenburgh, and 
 the Ten Eyck share by Daniel Cromeline. In 1713 
 the number of shares was increased to thirteen by 
 the admission of Dr. Samuel Staats, each of the 
 twelve proprietors yielding to him a twelfth share of 
 their respective intere.sts, in satisfaction of a claim 
 which he had set up to a portion of the tract by virtue 
 of prior purchase (1702). 
 
 The sale and settlement of the patent made little 
 progress prior to 1714. The several shares were sur- 
 veyed, at least partially, and located, and the general 
 fact ascertained that it would be perhaps prudent to 
 conceal the actual acreage. To do this more effect- 
 ually it was assumed that each share was two thoasand 
 acres, and so published it, when in reality they were 
 over five times that number, as appears by a subse- 
 quent or "second division," which was made some 
 years later. Of the " first division" maps were made 
 and exposed at the land-offices in New York, accom- 
 panied by a description of the soil, rivers, ponds, etc., 
 as shown by the partial surveys ; but purchasers either 
 came not or were better ple.ased with offers elsew'here. 
 
 In March, 1706, the patentees agreed to add si.x 
 hundred acres to the share of that one of their 
 number who should make settlement on the jiatent 
 before the end of May, 1709, or, as we understand it, 
 that six hundred acres should be given to the first 
 settler; but the offer was not taken. In September, 
 1706, they constituted and appointed " any number of 
 themselves" who might be conveniently got together, 
 " with full power to convey, bargain, sell, or devise 
 one full fourth part of all the said tracts" to any 
 person or persons who should erect thereon, prior to 
 1716, "saw-mills, grist-mills, or other water-mills," 
 the "runs, creeks, and rivers" not to be disposed of, 
 however, in fee simple, but "leased or devised for a 
 term of years or life;" but it does not appear that 
 this proposition was received with more favor than 
 that first made. 
 
 The patent stood unoccupied until 1712, when the 
 active surviving share-holders determined to make 
 settlements themselves. These were Christopher 
 Denne, Daniel Cromeline, and Benjamin Aske, who 
 were made justices of the peace of Orange County to 
 facilitate the end in view. In their effort they were 
 joined by at least one person who had obtained an 
 interest in the patent. Christian Snedeker, of Long 
 Island. Laborers were hired and supjilies procured, 
 and in person or by proxy they simultaneously entered 
 the patent, — Christopher Denne preceded, it is said, 
 by Sarah Wells ; Daniel Cromeline by William Bull ; 
 Benjamin Aske by Lawrence Decker ; and Snedeker 
 by Johannes Wisner, his wife, and sons Hendrick and 
 Adam. It is perhaps unnecessary to discu.ss theques- 
 
18 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGP] COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 tion of priority in actual occupation. Wisner's deed 
 from Snedeker for two hundred acres bears date June 
 23, 1714, he then being in " possession and occu- 
 pation," and clearly so at a prior date, while tradition 
 asserts that Sarali Wells was the first white woraan^ 
 and a reniarljable woman she was in her age and in 
 her. descendants — on the patent,* and that she came 
 in 1712. Whatever may be the facts of the case, the 
 record is clear that the settlement of Goshen, War- 
 wick, and Chester was commenced simultaneously by 
 parties sent out by the proprietors named. Soon after 
 this John Everett and Samuel Clowes, of Jamaica, 
 L. I., were induced to take charge of the settlement 
 of the patent. They appear to have been land specu- 
 lators, but were nevertheless the direct agents in in- 
 ducing immigration and in founding prosperous 
 towns. 
 
 Strictly in the line of this chapter, as relating. to 
 land titles, may be here enumerated the recorded sales 
 by the proprietors to actual settlers and others, as well 
 as to Everett and Clowes, prior to 1721. Tliey were 
 as follows : 
 
 1. Philip Eokeby sold his undivided twelfth part 
 to Daniel Cromeline, John Merritt, and Elias Boudi- 
 not, June 10, 1704. Merritt sold his third to Crome- 
 line in 1705. Boudinot sold his third to George Mc- 
 Nish, who sold to Clowes, Feb. 5, 1714, for £150. 
 
 2. Cornelius Christianse sold to Derrick Vanden- 
 burgh, Sept. 8, 1704, all his twelfth part. Vandenburgh 
 sold to Elias Boudinot, and the latter sold one-sixth 
 of same to Everett and Clowes, July 20, 1714, for £66 
 13«. Boudinot's heirs subsequently sold five-sixths to 
 Everett and Clowes for £41 13s. 4fZ. This tract em- 
 braced New Milford, in the present town of Warwick. 
 
 3. Hendrick Ten Eyck sold his twelfth part to 
 Daniel Cromeline, Dec. 8, 1704. Cromeline, who also 
 owned two-thirds of the Rokeby share, sold to Everett 
 and Clowes, Jan. 1, 1714, the sixth part of his interest 
 for £83 6s., excepting two tracts, one of which con- 
 tained three thousand seven hundred and six acres. 
 This tract was principally in the present town of 
 Chester, and embraced the site on which he had made 
 settlement and erected a stone dwelling, and to which 
 he had given the name of " Gray Court." 
 
 4. Ann Bridges sold to John Van Home, merchant, 
 of New York, July 4, 1705, all the equal undivided 
 twelfth part held by her husband. Dr. John Bridges, 
 for the sura of £250. Van Home was also the pur- 
 chaser of a part or the whole of another share, and 
 sold to Everett and Clowes one-sixth part of one-sixth 
 of one-thirteenth part for £58 Gs. Sd. Amity was in 
 Bridges' parcel. 
 
 5. Daniel Honan sold to John Merritt, 170.5, all his 
 twelfth part. Margery Merritt, widow, and John 
 Merritt, son, sold to Adrian Hoaglandt one-half, and 
 to Anthony Rutgers one-half. Rutgers sold to Ever- 
 
 * Or in the townsJiip of Goshen. The claim is not made that she was 
 the first white woman on the patent, although there is no record of a 
 predecessor even on the patent, unless it may have been Mrs. Wisner. 
 
 ett and Clowes one-twelfth of his half, and Anna, 
 widow of Jjfcaglandt, sohl to the same parties one- 
 twelfth, the latter, April i^^i-t for £75. 
 
 6. Derrick Vandenburgh died holding his original 
 share, and his wife Rymerich, and his son Henry, his 
 heirs, sold the same to Elias Boudinot, Aug. 8, 1707. 
 Boudinot sold this entire share to Clowes, Oct. 27, 
 1713, for £355. This parcel embraced what is called 
 in the old deeds the "Florida tract;" the name 
 " Florida" is still retained. 
 
 7. John Cholwell sold his twelfth part to Adrian 
 Hoaglandt, Oct. 5, 1706, for £350. Anna Hoaglandt, 
 his widow, sold to Everett and Clowes one-sixth of 
 the share, and the remainder descended to Christopher 
 Banker and Elizabeth his wife, James Renanst and 
 Bertilje his wife, and Petrus Rutgers and Helena his 
 wife, her heirs. 
 
 8. John Merritt held his share at the time of his 
 deatli, and his heirs, Margery Merritt, widow, and 
 John Merritt, eldest son, sold one-half to Adrian 
 Hoaglandt. John (then a resident of New London) 
 sold to John Everett, Feb. 2.5, 1714, the remaining 
 half for £120. > > 
 
 9. Benjamin Aske sold to Everett and Clowes, July 
 20, 1714, one-sixth of his thirteenth part for £50. 
 He subsequently sold a portion to Lawrence Decker, 
 Feb. 28, 1719; another to Thomas Blain, May 20, 
 1721 ; and another to Thomas De Kay, Dec. 8, 1724. 
 In all cases the land conveyed is described as part of 
 his farm, " called Warwick," and in all cases the par- 
 ties to whom the deeds were made were described as 
 residents of the county and upon the land conveyed. 
 
 10. Lancaster Syraes sold to Everett and Clowes, 
 July 20, 1714, one-sixth of his thirteenth part for £.50. 
 
 11. Peter Matthews, then living in Albany, sold all 
 his thirteenth part to Clowes, Feb. 11, 1713, for £200. 
 
 12. Christopher Denne sold, July 20, 1714, to 
 Clowes and Everett one-sixth of his share for £50. 
 He also sold to Robert Brown three hundred and ten 
 acres, Sept. 3, 1721. Elizabeth Denne sold to William 
 Mapes, Joseph Allison, Jolin Yelverton, Ebenezer 
 Holly, Joseph Sears, John Green, and John Worley, 
 the Mapes deed bearing date March 1, 1729. The 
 remainder of her interest in the patent passed by her 
 will to Sarah Jones, spinster, of New York, and 
 Vincent Matthews. Sarah Jones afterwards married 
 Thomas Brown. 
 
 13. Dr. Samuel Staats' thirteenth part descended 
 to his children, Gertury, wife of Andries Codyraus ; 
 Sarah, wife of Isaac Gouverneur ; Catlyria, wife of 
 Stevanus Van Cortlandt ; Anna, wife of Pliilip Schuy- 
 ler; Johanna White, widow ; and Tryntie Staats, who 
 sold to Clowes and Everett one-sixth of said part for 
 £50, Sept. 2, 1720. 
 
 John Everett and Samuel Clowes, by these deeds, 
 came into possession of one-third of the Rokeby, one- 
 half of the Christianse', all of the Vandenburgh, one- 
 half of the Merritt, all of the Matthews, two-twelfths 
 of the Honan, and one-sixth of each of the shares 
 
LAND TITLES— FIUST SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 19 
 
 hekl by the other patentees, in all equaling four of the 
 thirteen jJarts. Obliged thereto by the terms of the 
 deeds to them, they laid out as early as 1714 the 
 township of Goshen. This township plot was divided 
 into farms of varying quantities, and roads opened and 
 reserved. The roads ran north and south and east and 
 west, and divided the plot into what became known as 
 the East Division, West Division, North Division, and 
 South Division. Everett and Clowes were also obli- 
 gated to assign two hundred acres of land to a minis- 
 ter, whenever the owners and occupants of the plat 
 should agree in the selection of one. It would per- 
 haps be impossible to certainly determine who the 
 first settlers were, the deeds on record being the only 
 guide to dates, which may be anterior to or after set- 
 tlement was made. They are : 
 
 Jan. 8, 1714, to Michael Dunning, of Jamaica, L. I. 
 
 June 23, 1714, to Johannes Weasner, late of the 
 Swiss contingent. 
 
 July 21, 1714, to Solomon Carpenter, of Jamaica, 
 L. I. " 
 
 July 31, 1714, to Abraham Finch, of Stamford, 
 Conn. 
 
 July 31, 1714, to Samuel Seeley, of Stamford, Conn. 
 
 July 31, 1714, to John Holly, of Stamford, Conn. 
 
 Oct. 7, 1715, to John Yelverton, of Jamaica, L. I. 
 
 Oct. 31, 1718, to William Jackson. 
 
 April 25, 1719, to Daniel Coole. 
 
 April 15, 1720, to William Burch, of Hempstead, 
 L.' I., who sold to John Yelverton, July 16, 1723. 
 
 :Slay 22, 1721, to Joseph Allison, of Southold, L. I. 
 
 That there were deeds which were not recorded is 
 apparent from the names attached to one which was 
 given to the first blacksmith. This deed is dated July 
 21, 1721, and recites that the proprietors had " lately 
 caused two small lots to be laid out in the south di- 
 vision of the township for the encouragement of a 
 blacksmith, which was much needed ;" that " William 
 Thompson is lately settled there," and in considera- 
 tion thereof the lands were bargained and sold to 
 him. The proprietors and resident owners appearing 
 as grantors were : 
 
 John Everett. 
 Samuel Clowes. 
 John Carpenter. 
 Thouiaa Watson. 
 Hope Uhodes. 
 John Holly. 
 Charles Williamson. 
 Solomon Carpenter. 
 Michael Dunning. 
 Samuel Webb. 
 
 James Jackson. 
 Isaac Finch. 
 John Bears. 
 Samuel Seeley. 
 George McNieh. 
 Jame» San<ls. 
 John Knapp. 
 John Alsop. 
 Samuel GilstOD. 
 Cornelius Jones. 
 
 In 1722, April 17th, a deed was executed " designed 
 as an encouragement to the first minister." The re- 
 cipient was John Bradner, who had been " lately 
 settled and established the first minister of the said 
 precinct of Goshen." Lands " for a parsonage and 
 other public uses," and " for a burying-ground and 
 whereon to build the minister's house," then being 
 erected, were also deeded. In the execution of these 
 
 deeds we have in the first instance the names of the 
 holders of lots in the patent at that time, and in the 
 second the names of proprietors of the township. The 
 former were : 
 
 Lancaster Symes. 
 Christopher Denne. 
 Benjamin Aske. 
 Daniel Cromeline. 
 John Van Home. 
 Anthony Rutgers. 
 Micliael Dunning. 
 William Jackson. 
 Richard Halstead. 
 
 John Everett. 
 Samuel Clowes. 
 Solomon Carpenter. 
 John Carpeuter. 
 Wait Smith. 
 Samuel Seeley. - 
 John Gale. 
 Isaac Ludlnm. 
 Hendrick Weasner. 
 
 Isaac Finch. 
 
 The proprietors in the township were : 
 
 John Everett. 
 John Gale. 
 Nathaniel Higby. 
 G. McNish. 
 Thomas Watson. 
 John Holly 
 Isaac Finch. 
 John Bears. 
 Sanuiel Seeley. 
 William Jackson. 
 John Knapp. 
 John Alsop. 
 
 John Carpenter. 
 William Ludlum. 
 John Cai-penter, Jr. 
 James Sandys. 
 Hope Rhodes. 
 James Jackson. 
 Solomon Carpenter. 
 Slichael Dunning. 
 John Nicolls. 
 Alexander Moore. 
 Samuel Webb. 
 Richard Halstead. 
 
 In this connection may be recapjtulated facts 
 already stated in regard to settlements fen other parts 
 of the patent. The house erected by Cromeline was 
 completed in 1716 and occupied ; that of Christopher 
 Denne was also completed and occupied, as well as 
 that of Benjamin Aske, at Warwick, at about the 
 same time. William Bull, the mason and architect 
 of Cromeline's house, married Sarah Wells, who had 
 been sent out by Denne with the men in his employ, 
 in 1718, and put up a cabin near Denne's (now in 
 Hamptonburgh), on a farm given to Sarah. Johan- 
 nes Weasner was certainly in the township in 1714 
 with his family, and it is safe to say that Lawrence 
 Decker was in Warwick, under Aske, at as early a 
 date. The written record cannot be successfully con- 
 troverted by tradition upon any point, no matter with 
 what attraction the tradition may be recited, or how- 
 ever honestly it may be believed. 
 
 The settlement of other patents may be more satis- 
 factorily treated in connection with the towns in which 
 they were located. As a general guide to determine 
 the question of priority of settlement in the patents 
 composing the northeastern and western portions of 
 the present county, the following official lists are 
 given. Further approximative dates may be obtained 
 from the military rolls hereinafter quoted: . 
 
 *'The freeholdei-s, inhabitants, residents, and sojourners in the county 
 of Ulster, their real and personal estates, are rated and assessed by the 
 Assessors (on their death) chosen for the same ou the 2tjth day of Janu- 
 ary, 17H-5, and are to pay at the rate of one penny half-pence ^ £ to 
 discharge this year's payment of said county's quota, levyd by an act of 
 the Assembly, entitled an act for levying the sum of ten thousand 
 pounds,"* viz. ■ 
 
 '"' The pounds of that period were only about equivalent of one dollar 
 each of the present United States issue. Some of the parties were rich 
 in uncleaied acres of land, however. 
 
20 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Picciiict of Shawangoiicl:* 
 
 Anit. Tax. 
 
 Sovergn Tenli'mt £240 £01 lOs. OOrf. 
 
 Zachariaji Hoffrian 130 00 14 03 
 
 Jacobus Bruju 120 tX» 15 00 
 
 Benjamin Smedes 150 UO 10 00 
 
 Joliu MacKlane 5 00 (K) 07K 
 
 Richard Windfieia 5 Oti 00 01^4 
 
 Jacob Decker, Sen 15 oo ol lOV^ 
 
 Abraham Schutt 35 0(J 04 Lhll f; 
 
 Jacob Gerritsen Decker. 50 00 06 63' " 
 
 Leendert Cool, Jim 10 00 01 03 
 
 Evert Ter\villege (30 00 u" OC 
 
 Col. Peter Matthews & Conipy 15 W 01 W/; 
 
 Johannes Terwillege 3 UO (tO 04)/^ 
 
 Phillip Miller 10 00 01 03 
 
 Total sum 840 05 OG 00 
 
 Neighborhood of WugackemecJc. 
 
 Amt. Tax. 
 
 Thomas Swartwout £25 £00 03s. OlJ^fi. 
 
 Harmon Barentsen 10 00 01 10}^ 
 
 Jacob Coddebecq 10 00 01 03 
 
 Peter Guymard 50 00 06 04 
 
 Jacobns Swartwout 5 00 00 07J^ 
 
 Total sum 105 00 13 OlJ^ 
 
 l^reciuct of Hiijhlinids. 
 
 Amt. Tax. 
 
 Peter Magregoryf £30 £00 03*. md. 
 
 Swervert 5 00 00 OVA 
 
 William Southerlaudf 45 00 05 07l| 
 
 Michael WvnantJ 15 00 01 10^ 
 
 Burger My ndertsenj 10 00 01 03*' 
 
 Jacob WeI.ert 15 00 01 \0}4 
 
 Peter La RossJ 10 00 01 03 
 
 John Fishert 10 00 Ul 03 
 
 Andres Volckt 12 00 01 06 
 
 George Lockste 10 00 01 03 
 
 Pieter JacsenJ 10 UO Ol 03 
 
 Henry RennauJ: 25 00 03 OIJ^ 
 
 ■\Villiam Ellsworth's widuwt 5 00 00 07J^ 
 
 Dennis Relje-t 3 00 00 04T| 
 
 Alexantler Giiggs 5 00 00 07% 
 
 Thomas Harris 6 00 00 07^ 
 
 Capt. Bundt 15 00 01 loU 
 
 Melgert, the joyner 15 00 01 loU 
 
 Christian Hennecke 3 00 00 04>| 
 
 Jacob Decker, Jr 10 00 01 03 
 
 Cornelis Decker 5 00 00 07}^ 
 
 Total sum 293 01 10 01}4 
 
 "Pursuant and by order to me directed out the Supreme Court, re- 
 quiring me to make a General List of the Freeholders within my Bayli- 
 ■wick, soe that a Special Jury be struck thereout to trey the cause be- 
 tween Major Hardonbergh and the Corporation of Kingston, wherefore 
 I have accordingly taken all the care to not forgitt any of the Free- 
 holders to the best of my Nollege, and hereof I Doe make my returne 
 this 7th day of July, 1728. Jacobus Van Dick, Sheriff." 
 
 Freeholders for Shawengongh. 
 Capt. Jacobns Bruyn. James Spennik. 
 
 Capt. Zagharias Hoffman. Cornelius Cool.? 
 
 Benjamin Smedes. Henry Wileman, attorney-at- 
 
 Abrahani Schutt. law.g 
 
 Jacob Decker. John North. 
 
 Evert ter Willige. George Andrew. 
 
 Josua Smedes. John MacKueeI.§ 
 
 John ter Willige. Jeronimus Mingus.§ 
 
 Cornelius Schooumaker. Thomas Mackolm. 
 
 Hendrik Decker, Christoffel Moul.§ 
 
 Mattys Slimmer.g Samuel Neely.^ 
 
 Hendrik Newkerk.g Israel Rogers.g 
 
 Hendrick Krans.^ John Neely.§ 
 
 Edward Gatehouse.g John Williams. 
 
 Galatie.? Caleb Knapp, Seur. 
 
 Jeronimus Weller.g Caleb Knapp, Juur. 
 
 Johaunis Decker. Alexander Neely,§ 
 
 John Howard. Coll. Cortlandt. 
 
 * Although a repetition of facts elsewhere stated, it is perhaps well to 
 say hero that this tax-list covered Shawangunk, Montgomery, Crawford, 
 Wallkill, and part of Hauiptonburgh. The " neighborljood of Wagac- 
 kemeck ' was probably wholly confined to the Swartwout Patent, and 
 did not include the whole of Deerpark, nor of original Minisink. 
 t Residents of district now embraced in New Windsor. 
 J Residents of district now embraced in town and city of Newburgh. 
 g Names marked thus (§) are known to have been freeholders in tiie 
 present town of Montgomery, which was then and until 1743 included 
 in the precinct of Shawangunk. 
 
 Freeholderf of Wagaghkemek. 
 Harme barentse Van Emwee- Samuel Swartwout.JI 
 
 gen. Barnardus Swartwout, Jr.|| 
 
 Peter Gomar.f] Jacob Kuddebeck.|[ 
 
 John Van Vliet, Junr. 
 
 Frefholdirs of the 
 William Chambers, Esqr.'f 
 Phineaa SlacKentosh, Esfir.*i" 
 Thomas Ellison.*] 
 James Ellsworth.** 
 Jurie Quick. 
 William Bund.** 
 Burger Mynderse.** 
 John Alsop, Esqr.^ 
 ' William Ward. 
 John Haskell.lf 
 John Van Tien. 
 George Wayagont.** 
 Burger Myndei'se, Junr. 
 William Sanders. 
 Doct. Golden, Esqr. 
 George Ebina. 
 Tobias Wayagont.** 
 Robert Kirkland. 
 
 Jlighlands. 
 John Umphry.f[ 
 Peter Long. 
 David Sutherland.lf 
 John Davis-lf 
 Melgert Gilli.** 
 Henry Haskell.!f 
 Benjamin Ellsworth.** 
 Nathaniel Foster.** 
 Francis Harrison, Esqr.** 
 James MacKneel, Juur.^f 
 James Gamwell.^ 
 Stephen Bedford.** 
 Thomas Shaw.^ 
 Joseph Gale.*y 
 George Speedwell. 
 John Monte. 
 Christian Chervis. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 CIVIL GOVEENMENT - ORIGINAL COUNTY 
 OF OKANGE-THE PRESENT COUNTY OP 
 ORANGE — COURTS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, 
 ETC. 
 
 Until the conquest of the province by the Eng- 
 lish in 1664, its civil government was an extension of 
 the laws and customs of Holland, in which local gov- 
 ernment was the prerogative of towns. The English 
 system differed from this in many respects, but in the 
 nature of the situation in which the province came to 
 their hands, they were compelled to combine their 
 own with that of Holland. Without disturbing the 
 Dutch towns of New York, Albany, Kingston, and 
 Esopus, further than in a change of names, courts 
 and sherifl's were introduced in the English counties 
 by what was known as " the Duke's Laws," in IGGo. 
 In this crude condition — the sparcity of poi)ulation 
 scarcely requiring that which was more complete — 
 the government remained until 1682, when Col. 
 Thomas Dongan was appointed Governor of the prov- 
 ince with instructions to organize a Council, to be 
 composed of not exceeding ten of " the most eminent 
 inhabitants," and to issue writs to the proper officers 
 for the election of " a General Assembly of all the 
 freeholders by the persons who they shall choose to 
 represent them," in order to consult with him and his 
 Council " what laws are fit and necessary to be made 
 and established" for the good government of the prov- 
 ince "and all the inhabitants thereof." On the 17th 
 of October, 1683, the Assembly thus authorized met 
 at Fort James in New York. It was composed of 
 delegates from all parts of the province, and during 
 
 |1 In the present town of Deerpark. 
 % In present town of New Windsor. 
 
 ** In present town and city of Newbnrgh. Francis Harrison was a free- 
 liolder, Itut not a resilient. 
 
CIVIL GOVEKNMENT. 
 
 21 
 
 its session of three weeks passed fourteen several acts, 
 which were assented to by the Governor and his 
 Council. Among these laws was one " to divide this 
 province and dependencies into shires and counties," 
 and one "to settle courts of justice." Twelve coun- 
 ties were established by the former : New York, 
 Kings, Queens, Suffolk, Richmond, Westchester, 
 Albany, Ulster, Duchess, Orange, Duke's, and Corn- 
 wall, which, with the exception of Duchess, which 
 was placed under the care of Ulster, and Orange, 
 which was simiUirly associated with New York, were 
 to be entitled to representation in future General As- 
 semblies. The law relating to courts established four 
 distinct tribunals : Town Courts, for the trial of small 
 causeSj to be held each month ; County Courts, or 
 Courts of Sessions, to be held at certain times, quar- 
 terly or half yearly ; a General Court of Oyer and 
 Terminer, with original and appellate jurisdiction, to 
 sit twice in every year in each county, and a Court 
 of Chancery, to be the " Supreme Court of the Prov- 
 ince," composed of the Governor and Council, with 
 power in the Governor to depute a Chancellor in his 
 stead, and appoint clerks and other officers. The old 
 Court of Assizes was replaced by the Court of Oyer 
 and Terminer. This system continued until 1691, 
 when courts of justices of the peace were organized 
 in every town, and one of Common Pleas for every 
 county. 
 
 One of the leading features in the early civil divi- 
 sions established by the English was the organization 
 of precincts. Cities and towns had been established 
 by the Dutch prior to the English occupation ; a few 
 English towns existed on Long Island, and a few town 
 charters were subsequently granted by the Govei-nor 
 and Council to companies or associated colonists ; 
 but precincts were entirely different in their constitu- 
 tion and government, and of necessity became more 
 numerous. Primarily, they were composed of the 
 scattered settlements of contiguous territory, organ- 
 ized by the courts as court districts, and attached to 
 some adjoining town for assessment and local govern- 
 ment. Their boundaries were crude ; their popula- 
 tion small ; their officers such as were known only to 
 the county at large. Subsequently, as population in- 
 creased, their boundaries were more clearly defined, 
 and officers assigned to them. So numerous did these 
 divisions ultimately become that towns were almost 
 entirely lost sight of until after the Revolution, when 
 the distinction, which then existed only in name, was 
 removed. 
 
 In 1701 the Assembly, by act of October 18th, pro- 
 vided that the justices of the peace of the several 
 counties, " or any five or more of them, two whereof 
 to be a quorum," should, once in the year, at a court 
 of general or special sessions, supervise, examine, 
 and allow the public and necessary charge of their 
 respective county, and of every town thereof," in- 
 cluding the " allowance made by law to their repre- 
 sentative or representatives." For the assessment 
 
 and collection of the accounts allowed by them, 
 they were " empowered to issue their warrant to tlie 
 several towns for the election of two assessors and 
 one collector in each town." The act further pro- 
 vided that the "justices at the respective general 
 sessions" should, " once in the year, make provision 
 for maintenance and support of the poor" of their 
 several towns or precincts. 
 
 This law continued in force until June, 170.3, when 
 it was enacted that there should be " elected and 
 chosen, once every year, in each town, by the free- 
 holders and inhabitants thereof, one of their free- 
 holders and inhabitants, to compute, ascertain, ex- 
 amine, oversee, and allow the contingent, public, and 
 necessary charge of each county, and that each and 
 every inhabitant, being a freeholder in any manor, 
 liberty, jurisdiction, precinct, and out-plantation, shall 
 have liberty to join his or their vote with the next 
 adjacent town in the county, where such inhabitants 
 shall dwell, for the choice of a supervisor." The law 
 also provided that there should be annually chosen 
 "in each town, ward, manor, and precinct, by the 
 freeholdei's and inhabitants thereof, two assessors and 
 one collector." The elections were to be held " on 
 the first Tuesday in April," or on such other days as 
 were " appointed by their charters and patents." The 
 supervisors were required to meet annually, " at the 
 county town in each respective county, on the first 
 Tuesday in October," and at such other time and 
 times as they should "judge and find necessary and 
 convenient," and then and there " compute the public 
 necessary contingent charges against their respective 
 counties," together with " such other sum and sums 
 of money" as should be "brought and exhibited to or 
 before them," to be levied on their respective " coun- 
 ties by the laws of the colony." When the computa- 
 tion was " perfected, and the proportion of each town, 
 manor, liberty, jurisdiction, and precinct ascertained 
 and appointed," it was to be transmitted to the asses- 
 sors, who were " required, equally, duly, and impar- 
 tially, to assess and make a rate for their respective 
 proportions," being first sworn to make such assess- 
 ment equally and impartially. The assessment, when 
 completed, was to be delivered to the collectors, who 
 were empowered to collect and pay the same to the 
 county treasurer, who was to be " annually chosen 
 in each county by the supervisors." 
 
 The changes which up to this time had been made 
 in the civil government, it will be observed, consisted 
 in sul)stituting courts of justices of the peace for the 
 courts held by overseers under the law of 1665. Con- 
 stables were continued in each town, and in addition 
 the towns were authorized to elect supervisors, asses- 
 .sors, and collectors. Officers equivalent to the present 
 commissioners of highways were given to the towns in 
 1691, by an act "impowering" the freeholders "to 
 nominate and make choice in each of their respective 
 towns, annuall}% three persons to be surveyors and 
 orderers of the work for laying out and the amend- 
 
22 
 
 HISTOEY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ment of the highways and fences within the bounds 
 and limits of their respective towns." This law also 
 gave power to the freeholders of the towns, when as- 
 sembled for the election of the officers to which they 
 were entitled, "to make, establish, constitute, and 
 ordain such prudential orders and rules, for the better 
 improvement of their lands in tillage, pasturage, or 
 any other reasonable way," as the majority should 
 deem " good and convenient." 
 
 It was under these general laws that the district of 
 country now forming the county of Orange, as a jjart 
 of the original counties from which it was taken, had 
 its organization and early development. The act of 
 1683, dividing the province into shires and counties, 
 provided : " The Coimtij of U/ster to contain the towns 
 of Kingston, Hurley, and Marbletown. and all the vil- 
 lages, neighborhoods, and Christian hal>itations on the 
 west side of Hudson's Eiver, from the Murderer's 
 Creeke, near the Highlands, to Sawyer's Creeke. The 
 County of Oraiiffe* to beginne from the limitts or 
 bounds of East and West Jersey, on the west side of 
 Hudson's River ; along the said river to Murderer's 
 Creeke, or bounds of the county of Ulster ; and west- 
 ward into the woods as far as Delaware River." These 
 boundaries, though crude and illustrative of the im- 
 perfect knowledge of the country wdiich then prevailed, 
 were destined to be substantially maintained for over 
 one hundred years. 
 
 The organization of the towns and precincts in the 
 original county of Orange began with that of the 
 town of Orange in 168U. Soon after its organization 
 the inhabitants of the adjoining patents, including 
 Haverstraw, were attached to it for court jurisdiction 
 and assessment. By act of Assembly, June 24, 1719, 
 — in response to a petition of the inhabitants of 
 Haverstraw, reciting the inconveniences of associa- 
 tion with Orangetown, — the northern settlements 
 were included in a precinct under the title of the 
 Precinct of Haverstraw, thereby creating two pre- 
 cincts, viz. : Orangetown, with Tappan as its centre, 
 and Haverstraw, with the " Christian patented lands 
 of Haverstraw" as its centre. The boundaries of the 
 latter were "from the northernmost bounds of Tap- 
 pan to the northernmost bounds of Haverstraw." Its 
 inhabitants were authorized to elect on the first Tues- 
 day in April annually the officers common to a town, 
 viz. : " One supervisor, one collector, two assessors, 
 one constable, and two overseers of highways," who 
 should be " invested with all the powers, and be 
 obliged to perform such services and duties" as per- 
 tained to similar officers. 
 
 The settlements of Goshen, Warwick, Gray Court, 
 etc., on the Wawayanda Patent, were given organ- 
 ization as the Precinct of Goshen some time about 
 1714, the township of Goshen becoming the political 
 
 * "So called in compliment to the Dutch son-in-law of James IT." — 
 Brodhead. Known as the Prince of Orange, subsequently William III., 
 of England. 
 
 centre.t Under the general law of 1703, it was entitled 
 to two assessors, a collector, overseers of highways, and 
 a constable. It remained without change until 1743, 
 when it was empowered to elect, in addition to its other 
 officers, two constables, one of whom should be " from 
 and out of such of the inhabitants" as had their res- 
 idence in the south part of the precinct " commonly 
 called Wawayanda," and the other from "the inhabi- 
 tants to the northward, near the meeting-house com- 
 monly called the water-side meeting-house." The 
 territory embraced in the precinct included the entire 
 county, with the exception of the Haverstraw and 
 Orangetown districts, and extended from the Dela- 
 ware to Hudson's River.J By act of Assembly, Oct. 
 20, 1764, it was divided by " a straight line ti> be run, 
 beginning at the borders or verge of the county of 
 Ulster, near the new dwelling-house of John Manno, 
 thence on a course which will leave the house of Bar- 
 nabas Horton, Jr., ten chains to the westward to the- 
 most extreme parts of .said precinct ;§ all the lands 
 lying to the west of said line to be Goshen Precinct, 
 and all eastward to be called New Cornwall Precinct. 
 These two precincts, with the precincts of Haver- 
 straw and Orangetown, constituted the political divi- 
 sions of the county until after the Revolution. Sub- 
 sequently, and prior to 1797-98, the following changes 
 were made : The title of precinct was changed to that 
 of town in the cases of Orangetown, Haverstraw, 
 Goshen, and New Cornwall, in 1788, || at which time 
 the towns of Warwick and Minisink were erected 
 from Goshen ; from Haverstraw the towns of Clarks- 
 town and Ramapo were erected in 1791 ; New Corn- 
 
 t Goshen was founded as a township, precisely as was Orangetown, 
 and was similarly included in the subsequent precinct organization with, 
 other settlements. It should be observed, however, that in these and 
 other cases of prior township organizations the adjoining settlements- 
 were the precincts of the town to which they were attached. 
 
 X That poition of the precinct lying west of the Minisink Mountains- 
 was subjected to several political changes : By act of Oct. 18, 1701, " for 
 the more regular proceedings in election of Representatives," the iuhah- 
 itants of " Wagachemeck and Great and Little Minisink" were " inipow- 
 ered to give their votes in the county of Ulster." By act of Nov. 12, 
 1709, '* to determine, settle, and ascertain the bounds and limits of the 
 county of Orange," the act of Oct. 18, 1701, was repealed so far as it re- 
 lated to the settlements named, which were in elTect declared to he a part 
 of Orange County. By subsequent survey Maghaghkemek {Cnddeback- 
 ville) was found to be north of the line of Orange, and hence passed to 
 the jurisdiction of Ulster, a])pearing on the tax-roll as thy " Neighbor- 
 hood of Maghaghkemek." It remained in this political relation until 
 1799, when the town of Deerpark was erected as one of the consequences- 
 of the reorganization of Orange County, of which it became part. The 
 other settlements were included (after 1709) in the precinct of Goshen; 
 subsequently that portion lying north of the New Jersey line became 
 part of the town of Minisink (17S8), from which they were taken (1798) 
 and included in the boundaries of Deerpark. It may be added that a 
 portion of the district, embracing what subsequently fell to New Jersey, 
 appears to have had organization as the precinct of Minisink, and as such, 
 through its assessors, raised its quota of the tax for the erection of the 
 court-house at Goshen in 1739. Its constitution as a precinct was no 
 doubt by order of the court ; it has no record of that character in the 
 acts of the General Assembly. 
 
 g Tliis line is said to have been parallel witli the west Hue of the pres- 
 ent town of Monroe. 
 
 II The erection of towns at this date, wherever situated in the State, 
 was under a general law passed March 7,1788, entitled "An act for 
 dividing the counties of this State into towns." 
 
CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 23 
 
 wall changed its title to Cornwall in 1797. These 
 changes gave to the county, in 1798, the towns of 
 Orangetown, Haverstraw, Clarkstown, Kamapo, 
 Goshen, AVanvick, Minisink, and Cornwall. 
 
 From this survey of the original county of Orange 
 we pass to notice the civil divisions of Ulster County 
 so far as they were embraced in the district which we 
 are considering. Immediately north of Murderer's 
 Creek there was no civil organization until the advent 
 of the Palatines in J 709,* when the precinct of the 
 Highlands was erected and attached to New Paltz. 
 The boundaries of the precinct are not stated, but 
 the order is understood to have applied more espe- 
 cially to the territory extending from New Paltz to 
 Murderer's Creek, in which district the Palatines at 
 Quassaick were then the principal settlers. At the 
 same time or soon after, the constitution of the Pre- 
 cinct of the Highlands, and evidently by order of the 
 court, the Precinct of Maghaghkemek,t and the Pre- 
 cinct of Shawangunk were constituted, the latter at- 
 tached to New Paltz. As in the case of the Precinct 
 of the Highlands, no boundaries are given ; but from 
 deeds, tax-rolls, and other papers of record, it is clear 
 that the present towns of Montgomery, Crawford, and 
 Wallkill were embraced in the limits of this precinct. 
 Under this limited organization the territory which 
 these precincts covered remained until 1743, when, by 
 act of Dec. 17, three full precincts, having all the 
 officers of towns and exercising all their duties, were 
 established by act of the Assembly. These precincts 
 were to be known and called " by the name of the 
 Wallkill Precinct, Shawangunk Precinct, and High- 
 land Precinct." The first, the Precinct of Wallkill, 
 was bounded on the north " by the north bounds of 
 ten thousand acres of land granted' to Jeremiah 
 Schuyler and others, by the south bounds of four 
 thousand acres of land granted to Gerardus Beekman 
 and others, by the north bounds of three thousand 
 acres of land granted to Henry Wileman and others, 
 by the east bounds of three thousand acres of land 
 granted to John Johnson, and by the east bounds of 
 two thousand acres of land granted to Cadwallader 
 Colden ;" on the south " by the north bounds of two 
 thousand acres of land granted to Patrick Hume, by 
 the north and west bounds of the land granted to 
 Cornelius Low and others, and by the northwest and 
 southwest bounds of two thousand acres of land 
 granted to Phineas Mcintosh, and by the line di- 
 viding the counties of Orange and Ulster to Shawan- 
 
 * So much of the district as was embraced in the Bvans Patent was, by 
 the terms of that instnimeut, erected into the " Manor and Lordship of 
 Fletcherdon," with tlie usual autliority conferred in manorial grants, 
 but, in the absence of other popnlalion than tliat inclutied in the Mac- 
 Gregorie settlement, it is not probable that even the civil jurisdiction of 
 a manorial court was established during the few years the grant was 
 continued. 
 
 t The correctness of this statement having been questioned, we quote 
 from the act of Dec. 17, 17*i : "And whereas Shawangunk, Highlands, 
 and Maghaghkemek have formerly been deemed and esteemed three 
 precincts, and have been assessed by their own assessors," etc. Mng- 
 haghkemek was subsequently included in the Precinct of Mamakating. 
 
 gunk Mountains." In more general terms, the district 
 was defined as "bounded westerly by the Shawan- 
 gunk Mountains as they run from the count}' of 
 Orange to a creek or river called the Plattekill, then 
 along the Plattekill to Shawangunk Kiver, then all 
 along Shawangunk Elver to the north bounds of the 
 ten thousand acres granted to Jeremiah Schuyler 
 aforesaid." The freeholders were required to " meet 
 at the house of Matties Millspaughi on the first Tues- 
 day of April yearly," or at such other place as should 
 be selected by the inhabitants after the first meeting, 
 and elect one supervisor, two assessors, a collector, a 
 constable, and an overseer of the poor. One of the 
 assessors was to be located on the west side of the 
 Wallkill, " and because the said Wallkill River, 
 which crosses the said precinct, is sometimes danger- 
 ous to pass," one collector and one constable were 
 added to the officers of the precinct "for that part 
 thereof which lieth to the westward of said river." 
 
 The second, the Precinct of Shawangunk, was 
 bounded on the west " by the foot of Shawangunk 
 Mountains ; on the south and west by the precinct of 
 Wallkill ; on the east by the line or bounds of three 
 thousand five hundred acres granted to Rip Van Dam 
 and others, by the east bounds of two thousand acres 
 of land granted to Barbaric, and by the east bounds or 
 line of two thousand acres of land granted to Huddles- 
 ton; and on the north by the north bounds or line of 
 the said two thousand acres granted to Huddleston, 
 by the north bounds of two thousand acres granted to 
 Peter Matthews and others;" on the south by a line 
 " crossing the said Wallkill River to the mouth of 
 Shawangunk River, and running thence southwest- 
 erly all along the northwest side of said Shawangunk 
 River to the southwest corner of tlie laud granted to 
 Col. Jacob Rutzen;" and on the west by the "west- 
 erly bounds or line of said land granted to Rutzen to a 
 salt pond, called ' the great salt pond,' and from thence 
 upon a west line to -the foot of Shawangunk Moun- 
 tains aforesaid." The first precinct meeting was to be 
 held at the house of Benjamin Smedes, Jr., at which 
 a supervisor, two assessors, and the usual precinct 
 officers were to be chosen, and the place of subse- 
 quent meetings designated. 
 
 The Precinct of the Highlands embraced the patents 
 lying along the Hudson from Murderer's Creek to 
 New Paltz, and was more particularly described as 
 "bounded on the east by Hudson's River; on the 
 south by the line dividing the counties of Ulster and 
 Orange ; on the west by the precincts of Wallkill and 
 Shawangunk and the neighborhoods annexed to the 
 New Paltz,^ and on the north by the bounds or line 
 
 X Millspaugh was a very early settler in the present town of Mont- 
 gomery. He married the widow of Johannes IVIingus, who erected the 
 first grist-mill in the town (1721-22), and through this marriage obtained 
 the Mingus mill and farm. 
 
 g The "neighborhoods annexed to New Paltz" were "Guilford and 
 several other patents, from the south bounds of New Paltz to the north 
 bounds of Shawangunk precinct, and from the foot of the high moun- 
 tains e&stward to the east line of the patent granted to Thomas Garland, 
 
24 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 of New Paltz town." The precinct meetings were to 
 be held "at the house of John Humphrey, Jr.," who 
 re-sided in the present town of Xew Windsor, " on the 
 first Tuesday of April annually," for the election of 
 precinct officers. 
 
 The same act gave ])riniary constitution to the Pre- 
 cinct of Mamakating, in which was included "all the 
 lan<l to the southward of the town of Rochester as far 
 as the county of Ulster extends, and to the westward 
 of the precincts of Wallkill and Sliawangunk as far as 
 the county extends." The first precinct meeting was 
 to be held at the dwelling-house of Samuel Swartwout, 
 at which one constable, two assessors, two overseers of 
 the poor, and two surveyors of highways were to be 
 elected. In the election of supervisor the freeholders 
 were associated with the town of Rochester. Under 
 the law of 1798, the northern part of the territory in- 
 cluded in the then town of Deerpark was taken from 
 this precinct. 
 
 The Precinct of the Highlands continued in exist- 
 ence until 1762, when it was divided into the Precincts 
 of Xewburgh and New Windsor, "by a line begin- 
 ning at the mouth of Quassaick Creek, and running 
 thence along the south bounds of a tract of land com- 
 monly called the German Patent to another tract 
 granted to Alexander Baird, and then along the 
 .southerly bounds of the said last mentioned tract to 
 the Wallkill Precinct ; all the lauds heretofore com- 
 prehended within the said Highland Precinct lying 
 to the southward of the aforesaid dividing line to 
 be called by the name of New Windsor Precinct, and 
 all the lands heretofore comprehended within the said 
 Highland Precinct lying to the northward of the said 
 line to be called by the name of Newburgh Precinct." 
 The latter was divided in 1772 by a line running 
 along the north bounds of the Harrison, Bradley, 
 Wallace, Kip and Cruger, and Jamison Patents, to 
 the Precinct of Shawangunk, " all the land lying to 
 the northward of said line to be called and known by 
 the name of New Marlborough Precinct, and all the 
 land south of said line to continue to be called New- 
 burgh Precinct." 
 
 The same law divided the Precinct of Wallkill by 
 a line beginning at the southwest corner of the Mcin- 
 tosh Patent and the southeast corner of McKnight's, 
 "thence along the southwest bounds of ThomasNoxon, 
 the southwest bounds of Harrison and Company, the 
 southwest bounds of Philip Schuyler, to the Pakada- 
 sink River or Shawangunk Kill ;" all northeast of this 
 line " to be called the Precinct of Hanover, and all 
 the land southwest of said line, heretofore compre- 
 hended in the Precinct of Wallkill, to continue to be 
 called the Precinct of Wallkill." 
 
 The precincts named carried with them their desig- 
 
 and by the soutli aud east by the land granted to Hugh Freer and others, 
 and to the eastward by an east line from the said Hugh Freer's bounds 
 to the bounds or line of New Paltz." The freeholdei-s were to vote with 
 the freeholders of Kew Paltz, and in all respects to be considered a part 
 of that town. 
 
 native titles in their organization as towns under the 
 act of 178S, with the exception of Hanover, whose 
 inhabitants, for the purpose of attesting their detesta- 
 tion of the English government, as well as their appre- 
 ciation of the heroic services of Gen. Richard Mont- 
 gomery, obtained consent from the Provincial Con- 
 vention of the State in 1782 to change the precinct 
 name to Montgomery.* By the act of 1788 they were 
 severally erected as the towns of Newburgh, New- 
 Windsor, New Marlborough, Shawangunk, Montgom- 
 ery, and Wallkill. 
 
 Incident to the history of the original county, it is 
 proper to remark, in this connection, that, although 
 organized in 1683, it was only a county in name, — a 
 district in the wilderness with boundaries upon paper. 
 It was not until nearly twenty years later that it be- 
 came a county cle facto. True, it was assigned a 
 sheriff and a clerk, and had a jail, but it was attached 
 to New York in other respects in the character of a 
 borough. Governor Leisler, in his ill-starred rebel- 
 lion, attempted to use it (1691) by appointing as one 
 of his Council William Lawrence, of New York, as 
 representing Orange, and when it was given repre- 
 sentation in the Assembly (1699), it was not as a right 
 due to population, but to serve another purpose. 
 
 Aside from their town and precinct officers and rep- 
 resentatives in the Assembly, the people had no voice 
 in the selection of their rulers. The sheriffs held the 
 elections for representatives, and the choice was de- 
 termined by the viva voce\ vote of the freeholders, 
 who were required to be twenty-one years of age, and 
 to be possessed of " land or tenements improved to 
 the value of forty pounds free from all incumbrances." 
 Freeholders having property in more than one county 
 could vote in as many counties as tliey had property 
 liable to taxation, and for their accommodation the 
 elections were so ordered that opportunity was given 
 them to cast the full number of votes to which they 
 were entitled. It could scarcely be called a represen- 
 tative system, so far as representative systems are un- 
 derstood to express the popular will ; it was more 
 properly a property representation, under which power 
 was given to a few persons. The districts were large ; 
 the population was scattered ; the elections were held 
 at the "county towns;" the polls were kept open 
 several days to enable all to vote who might wish to 
 do so. Where the conveniences existed for transit 
 from i)oint to point, as they did along the Hudson, a 
 freeholder residing in New York was enabled to vote 
 in half a dozen counties if holding property therein, 
 while those occupying more inland locations were in 
 most cases necessarily deprived of a voice in elections. 
 
 Until 1699 the freeholders of the county were asso- 
 
 * This is the fact, as it appeal's from the proceedings of a public meet- 
 ing held in the precinct to petition for tlie change. The name selected, 
 however, had been applied to a township plot, now the village, or part of 
 the village, of Montgomery, by Gen. James Clinton, several years before 
 the RevolutioTi, as appears by deeds of record conveying township lots. 
 
 t Until after the adoption of the constitution of 177". Voting by bal- 
 lot was regarded by the framers of that instrumeDt as an experiment. 
 
CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 zo 
 
 ciatcd with those of New York in the selection of 
 rejiresentatives, but were not obliged to visit New 
 York in order to give their votes. The sheriff of the 
 county held the election at Orangetown, and made 
 return to the sheriff of New York, who declared the 
 result. In 1699 the county was given representation 
 in the Assembly. At this and subsequent elections 
 until 1749, the poll was held exclusively at Orange- 
 town, and those who wished to vote were compelled 
 to visit that place. This was in part remedied by the 
 law of 1748, by which it wa.s provided, " for the time 
 to come, all elections for representatives" should be 
 opened " either at the court-house or some conve- 
 nient place in Orangetown, or at the court-house or 
 some convenient place in (ioshen," and after being 
 held for a certain time at the place where first opened, 
 should be adjourned " to the other court-house or 
 place of election, so that all the freeholders may, if 
 they please, be polled at such elections."* 
 
 That the system was corrupt, especially in the 
 earlier years of its administration, is a fact revealed 
 on every page of the history of that period. Frauds 
 upon the revenue pervaded all departments of the 
 |)ublic service ; piratical expeilitions, including that 
 of the notorious Capt. Kidd, were fitted out by men 
 high in public affairs; land-grants were obtained for 
 considerations paid to the Governor ; there was noth- 
 ing, apparently, that had money in it that was not 
 prospered by official connivance. In one instance 
 only is it written that the Governor's Council " was 
 ashamed to consent" to one of his grants, and that 
 not because of its magnitude, but that it proposed to 
 give his footman a lease for " a little island called 
 Nutten Island," which had hitherto been " convenient 
 for grazing a few coach-horses and cows for the Gov- 
 ernor's family. "t Sectarianism was the cloak for all 
 kinds of peculation ; to write against another at one 
 time that he was a Protestant, or at another that he 
 was " a Popish tailor," or similar epithet, was the 
 stepping-stone to official promotion. Indeed, it would 
 seem that more modern political partisans have not 
 learned much that is new, or that many who have 
 since held official station have special claim to origi- 
 nality in methods of abusing public trusts. 
 
 It was when this era of corruption was at its height 
 that the people of Orange County appear distinctly 
 in the politics of the province. Governor Bellomont, 
 who succeeded Governor Fletcher in 1098, was clothed 
 with power to correct the aliuscs which had grown up, 
 for which purpose he was given " a negative voice in 
 the making and passing of all laws, statutes, and ordi- 
 nances, and could " adjourn, prorogue, and dissolve 
 the Assembly" whenever he deemed it necessary.J 
 Issuing a warrant for the election of a new Assembly, 
 he cautioned the sheriffs, by whom it was to be held, 
 
 against " undue elections and returns ;" but the latter 
 were themselves creatures of the corrupt combination 
 which had been formed, or, as the record states, "were 
 for the most part men of mean rank," who " had been 
 continued in their places from year to year by Gov- 
 ernor Fletcher," and who, " instead of complying" 
 with their instructions, " carried themselves most 
 unfairly, in so much that one of them made return 
 for a county (viz., Orange County), in which he suf- 
 fered not any one freeholder to vote."| Other dis- 
 tricts shared in the " corruijtion of the franchise" to 
 such an extent that when the Assembly convened, 
 eleven of the nineteen members of which it was com- 
 posed, it is said, " sat by controverted elections," and, 
 having the majority, " established themselves and 
 brought all things into the greatest confusion." 
 
 Finding that nothing could be done with such a 
 body of men, Bellomont dissolved the Assembly and 
 ordered a new election, taking care that Governor 
 Fletcher's sheriffs were retired from the management. 
 The result was satisfactory to him, but not to those 
 who were defeated, who complained to the king that 
 " the election was apjiointed to be upon the same day 
 in all places except the two most remote counties, 
 whereby the best freeholders, who had estates in sev- 
 eral counties, were deprived of giving their votes at 
 several elections ; that "the sheriffs performed the 
 business they were appointed for by admitting some 
 for freeholders who were not so, and rejecting others 
 who were really so, as they voted for or against their 
 party, and by nominating and appointing inspectors 
 of the poll who, upon any complaint of unfair deal- 
 ing, gave this general answer : ' If you are aggrieved 
 complain to my lord Bellomont, and the same prac- 
 tice in all places gives just rea-son to believe the 
 orders for it came from his excellency." 
 
 "To secure a majority of such men as he desired," 
 continues this remonstrance, " his lordship, without 
 any instruction from England, added two to the former 
 number, viz. : one more to be chosen for the city and 
 county of Albany, and one for the county of Orange, 
 which last is by act of Assembly made a part of the 
 county of New York, and has not twenty inhabitants 
 freeholders in it, and never before had a distinct 
 representation in Assembly. By this means one 
 Abraham Gouverneur, a Dutchman, — so indigent as 
 never to be assessed in the public taxes, and who, as 
 is reasonably to be supposed, had a deed of .some land 
 made to him of purpose to qualifj' him for it, because 
 he never had any land before, — was chosen an Assem- 
 blyman, and is since made Speaker of the House of 
 Representatives. This fellow was formerly convicted 
 of murther and pardoned, |1 and soon after the Revo- 
 
 • The old story of carrying tlie ballol-liox around the coirntry origi- 
 nated in this. Unfortunalfly for the story, tliero was no ballot-box, the 
 vote of the freeholders being simply registered. 
 
 t Col. Hist., iv. 384, 3'J3. J Ibid., i 2C6. 
 
 3 
 
 ^ Stanley Handcock appears a^ sheriff of Orange County at this time. 
 He was also sheriff of New York. 
 
 II Gouverneur was attached to the administration of Governor Leisler, 
 and was tried and condemned, with others, for his participation in the 
 resistance to Governor Sluughter, during which several of the king's 
 troops were killed, including Capt. MacGregorie. ' He was subsequently 
 pardoned by the king. It is to these facts the text refers. 
 
26 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 lution publicly declared that Jacob Leisler had 
 carried the government of New York by the sword, 
 and had the same right to it as King William had to 
 the crown, having conquered the kingdom of Eng- 
 land. At the meeting of the Assembly it appeared 
 of the twenty-one representatives there were but 
 seven Englishmen, the remainder being all Dutch 
 and of the meanest sort, half of whom do not under- 
 stand English, which can conduce little to the honor 
 of the English interest there."* 
 
 Notwithstanding this bitter complaint, the Assem- 
 bly instituted some important reforms. Grants of 
 large tracts of lands were set aside, the elections for 
 representatives were regulated, and provision made 
 for the severe punishment of frauds upon the revenue. 
 Had Bellomont lived, perhaps more general reforms 
 would have been secured ; but his death, in 1701, was 
 followed, after a short administration under the Coun^ 
 oil, by the appointment of Lord Cornbury, who not 
 only restored the unscrupulous officials that had been 
 removed by Bellomont, but earned for himself the 
 " unenviable distinction of being the worst of all the 
 Governors under the English crown." "Bapacious 
 without a parallel, he hesitated not," says one of his 
 biographers, " to apply the public money to his own 
 private purposes; and though notoriously vicious, yet 
 he was so intolerant that he sought to establish the 
 Episcopacy at all hazards, imprisoning and prohibit- 
 ing ministers of other denominations from exercising 
 their functions without his special license. He was, 
 moreover, as destitute of gratitude as of courtesy, in- 
 juring those most from whom he had received the 
 greatest benefits. His manners were as ignoble and 
 undignified as his conduct was base, and when this 
 hopeftil scion of royalty wandered about the streets 
 clothed as a woman (which was a common practice 
 with him), the people felt that he had taken Caligula 
 for a model." 
 
 But a better state of aftairs was born of the excesses 
 which Cornbury committed. While at Chear Hall, 
 his country-seat in Haverstraw, he surrounded him- 
 self with such men as Daniel Honan, the freeholders 
 looked upon his extravagance with alarm, and, through 
 the Assembly, refused the grants of money which he 
 asked. The rights of the people with regard to taxa- 
 tion, to courts of law, to officers of the crown, were 
 speedily asserted and increased in strength with the 
 political education of the people. When Cornbury 
 was succeeded by Lovelace (1709), the Assembly 
 began the contest that was never to cease but with in- 
 dependence. The crown demanded a permanent rev- 
 enue, without appropriation; the Assembly would 
 only grant an annual revenue and appropriate it spe- 
 cifically. The power lodged in the Governor to dis- 
 solve the Assembly was invoked in vain ; the people 
 were mainly of one mind that they had an "inherent 
 right" to legislation, springing " not from any com- 
 
 * Col. Hist., Iv. 621. 
 
 mission or grant from the crown, but from the free 
 choice and election of the people, who ought not, nor 
 justly can, be divested of their property without their 
 consent." In all the long struggle which followed 
 and which culminated in the war for independence, 
 the representatives of original Orange were found in 
 the interest of freedom, and gave to the final issue 
 its most consistent advocates, its most devoted adher- 
 ents. 
 
 Practically, the organization of the county began in 
 1703, when the first session of the court and the first 
 meeting of justices acting as aboard of supervisors 
 was held.t Such local administration as it had, aside 
 from the officers of its precincts, may be briefly stated. 
 Minnie Johannes was its first sheriff, 1685 ; Floris 
 Willemse Crom in 1690, Stanley Handcock in 1694, 
 John Patersen in 1699, and Theunis Toleman in 1701. 
 The latter was not held in very high esteem by Gov- 
 ernor Cornbury, who apparently regarded the ability 
 of a man to write his own name as a qualification. 
 Dirck Storm was the county clerk, or clerk of the 
 court, in 1691, and William Huddleston in 1703. 
 Judges of the Common Pleas came in in 1701, Wil- 
 liam Merritt being the first judge. The first session 
 of the court was held at Orangetown, April 28, 1703; 
 present, William Merritt and John Merritt, judges. 
 The first recorded sessions of justices of the peace, 
 acting as a board of supervisors, was held April 27, 
 1703 ; present, William Merritt, John Merritt, Corne- 
 lius Cuyper, Tunis Van Houton, Thomas Burroughs, 
 Michael Hawdon, justices; John Perry, sherifl'; Wil- 
 liam Huddleston, clerk ; and Conradt Hauson, con- 
 stable. From this time the record is continuous. 
 
 Many franchises were dependent upon population. 
 Of this character were surrogate's courts. The first 
 law of the province relating to estates gave to courts 
 of Common Pleas power to take proof of wills and 
 grant letters of administration in remote counties. 
 Other counties, including Orange and Ulster, were 
 required to transact such business in New York. 
 This was changed by act of Nov. 24, 1750, which re- 
 lates that wherea-s, at the time of the enactment of the 
 law providing that in remote counties courts of Com- 
 mon Pleas should be authorized to take the examina- 
 tion of witnesses to any will, on oath, and to grant 
 letters of administration, the " county of Orange was 
 not considered and esteemed one of the remote coun- 
 ties," but that since the passage of the said act "the 
 northwest parts of the said county, being nearly one 
 hundred miles distance from the city of New York," 
 had " increased greatly in number of inhabitants, as 
 well by families removed to those parts as otherwise," 
 who were laboring under " the like inconveniences as 
 those of said remote counties;" that therefore the 
 judges and justices of the said Court of Common 
 
 t The record book contains this entiy; "Begister kept for Orange 
 County, begun y 5th day of April, Anno Domini 1703." The earlier 
 records were probably kept io New York, to which the county was 
 attached. 
 
COURTS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC. 
 
 27 
 
 Pleas, and the clerk of the said county, be vested with 
 authority to take such examinations and issue such 
 letters of administration. This arrangement was con- 
 tinued until 1754, when William Finn was appointed 
 surrogate and a Surrogate's Court established. 
 
 The judicial history of the county properly begins 
 with the Court of Common Pleas (1691), the first 
 session of which was held at Orangetown, April 28, 
 1703. Prior to that time, and for several years subse- 
 quent, in some cases, as has been already stated, its 
 primary settlements were attached to New York or 
 were included in the county of Ulster. The Court of 
 Common Pleas was continued until 1847, when it gave 
 place to the present County Court. The Supreme 
 Court (also established in 1691) held circuits in the 
 county after 1703. Its bench was composed of the 
 best legal talent of the province and of the State. 
 Its circuits were succeeded by the Circuit Courts, 
 established by the constitution of 1821, and the latter 
 by the judicial system of 1846, when a new Supreme 
 Court was organized having general jurisdiction of 
 law and equity, and holding at least two terms annu- 
 ally of the Circuit Court and Court of Oyer and Ter- 
 miner in each county. Surrogate's Courts have been 
 held in the county since 17.54. The original county 
 was divided into two court districts in 1727, when 
 courts were held at Orangetown and at Goshen alter- 
 nately, the former being the shire-town. A similar 
 division was made in the present county in 1798, 
 when Goshen was established as the shire-town, and 
 court terms alternated with Newburgh. This division 
 is still preserved, and is the only practical surviving 
 link between the past and the present, but without 
 other use than to serve as a reminder of the wilder- 
 ness era, with its log court-houses, dreary forest roads, 
 pioneer jurors and pioneer justice, and of the changes 
 in the modes of transit, which now render what is 
 vulgarly called " half-shire towns" unnecessary. 
 
 The changes which had been made from time to 
 time in the precinct organizations of the district, 
 which have been already stated, were the outgrowth 
 of increasing population and the necessary conve- 
 nience of local administration. But their subdivision, 
 especially after the war of the Revolution, did not 
 entirely meet the emergencies which the rapid in- 
 crease of population demanded. The people of New- 
 burgh and the neighboring southern towns of Ulster 
 County were required to transact their county busi- 
 ness at Kingston, while those of Cornwall and the 
 northeastern part of Orange were compelled to attend 
 courts and enter their records at Orangetown. In 
 either case the county-seat was thirty miles or more 
 distant, and in precisely opposite directions, while , 
 the facilities for communication, for a large portion of 
 the time, were most exceptionable. The inhabitants 
 of the western part of Orange were better accommo- 
 dated, Goshen being made a half-shire district; still, 
 their records were kept at Orangetown, and a consid- 
 able portion of their court business was necessarilv 
 
 transacted there. To inaugurate the correction of 
 these inconveniences a convention of delegates from 
 the several towns interested was held at Ward's 
 Bridge* on the 6th of April, 1793, but without other 
 result than the agitation of the question, and the 
 half-expressed willingness of the delegates from Go- 
 shen to a union of the northern towns of Orange and 
 the southern towns of Ulster in a new county organi- 
 zation, with courts alternately at Newburgh and Go- 
 shen. A second convention was held at the house of 
 John Decker, at Otterkill, in February, 1794, with no 
 better result, the delegates from Newlnirgh being in- 
 structed to decline " any union at all" unless it should 
 be agreed that a court-house be erected and courts 
 held at Newburgh and Goshen alternately,! a propo- 
 sition which the Goshen delegates were not fully 
 disposed to concede. 
 
 Here the matter rested until 1797, when a third 
 convention assembled, similarly composed, at Kerr's 
 hotel, in Little Britain. At this convention, Gen. 
 Wilkin and Gen. Hopkins, from Orange, and Daniel 
 Niven and Isaac Belknap, Sr., from Ulster, appointed 
 a committee to report terms upon which a union 
 should be formed, agreed to a stipulation that the 
 courts should be held at Newburgh and Go.shen 
 alternately, and the convention ratified it. The sub- 
 ject came before the Legislature in the winter of 1797 
 -98. Two bills were presented, — one entitled "An 
 Act for Dividing the County of Orange," the other, 
 "An Act for Altering the Bounds of the Counties of 
 Orange and Ulster." The first was passed on the 
 23d of February, and enacted " That all that tract of 
 land in the county of Orange, lying northwest of a 
 line beginning at the mouth of Poplopen's Kill, on 
 Hudson's River, and running from thence to the 
 southeastermost corner of the farm of Stephen Sloat, 
 and then along the south bounds of his farm to the 
 southwest corner thereof, and then on the same course 
 to the bounds of the State of New Jersey,! shall be 
 and hereby is erected into a separate county, and 
 shall be called and known by the name of Orange ;" 
 and "That all that part of the said county of Orange 
 lying southward of the above described line shall be 
 erected into a separate county, and shall be called and 
 known by the name of Rockland." The act also made 
 provision for holding courts, fixed the number of 
 members of Assembly, etc. The second act was passed 
 on the 5th of April following. It enacted "That the 
 towns of New Windsor, Newburgh, Wallkill, Mont- 
 gomery, and Deerpark, now in the county of Ulster, 
 shall be and hereby are annexed to the county of 
 Orange," and made provision for holding courts al- 
 
 * Now the village of Montgomery. 
 
 t Newburgh Town Records, Feb. 1, 1794. 
 
 X Act of April 3, ISOl, gives this line as from the middle of Iliidson'a 
 River " west to the mouth of Poploiien's Kill, and from thence on a di- 
 rect course to the east end of the mill-dam now or late of Michael Wei- 
 man across the Ramapough River, and from thence a direct course to 
 the twenty-mile stone standing in the said division line between this 
 State and the State of New Jersey." 
 
28 
 
 HISTOKY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ternately at Newburgh and Goshen, the latter being 
 the county-seat. 
 
 With these enactments tlie records of the original 
 county were closed, and from the heart of the patents 
 and precincts covering the district was erected the 
 present county, bearing, under the title of Orange, 
 the colonial and Revolutionary history of the territory 
 which it embraced, the most populous* and fertile of 
 the lands of the original district, and more than two- 
 thirds of its wealth, — elements which gave to it imme- 
 diate prominence in State and national politics, and 
 which, under subsequent and progressive development, 
 have maintained its rank among the first counties of 
 the State. The boundary lines of the new county 
 were definitely fixed by the general law of April 3, 
 1801, entitled " An Act to divide this State into 
 Counties," as follows: "The county of Orange to 
 contain all that part of this State bounded east- 
 erly by the middle of Hudson's River, southerly 
 by the said county of Rockland and the division 
 line between this State and the State of New Jersey, 
 westerly by the river Mongaapf and the division 
 line between this State and the Commonwealth of 
 Pennsylvania, and northerly by a line drawn from 
 a jjoint in the middle of said Hudson's River oppo- 
 site the northeast corner of a tract of land granted 
 to Francis Harrison and Company, called the five- 
 thousand-acre tract, to the said northeast corner, and 
 running from thence westerly along the north bounds 
 of the said tract and the north bounds of another 
 tract granted to the said Francis Harrison to the tract 
 of land commonly called Wallace's tract, then along 
 the lines of the same northerly and westerly to the 
 northeasterly bounds of a tract of land granted to 
 Jacobus Kip, John Cruger, and others, commonly 
 called Kip and Cruger's tract, then westerly along the 
 northeasterly and northerly bounds thereof, and then 
 
 * The population of the original county of Orange, and that part of 
 Ulster included in the district, was (1700) as follows : 
 
 ORANGE county: ULSTER COUNTY: 
 
 Cornwall 4,225 Maniakating 1,7CS 
 
 Goshen 2,448 Montgomery 3,5C3 
 
 Havel-straw 4,826 Newburgh 2,365 
 
 Miuisink 2,215 New Windsor l,8la 
 
 Orangetown 1,175 New Marlborough 2,241 
 
 Warwick 3,603 Sbawangunk 2,128 
 
 Wallkill 2,671 
 
 Total 18,402 Total 16,460 
 
 The following were the towns included in the new county, under the 
 same census : 
 
 TOWNS FROM ORANGE: TOWNS FROM ULSTER: 
 
 Cornwall 4,225 Montgomery 3,563 
 
 Goshen 2,448 Newburgh 2,365 
 
 Minisink 2,215 New Windsor 1,819 
 
 Warwick 3,003 Wallkill 2,571 
 
 Total.. 
 
 10,318 
 
 Total 12,491 
 
 The census of ISOO, immediately following the erectiou of the new 
 county, gave its population as 29,368, and that of the towns not included 
 as 14,807, — showing the population of the district at that time to be 
 44,175. 
 
 ■f Originally known as the Minigwing. Mongaap is presumed to be 
 Dutch, It is entered on Southier's map, " Mangawpiug." While the 
 old county line ran to the Dehiware River, the new line stopped at the 
 Mongaap ; it was also farther north than the old line. 
 
 westerly to the northeast corner of a tract of three 
 thousand acres granted to Rip Van Dam and others, 
 thence southerly along the same to the northeast 
 corner of a tract of three thousand acres granted to 
 Henry Wileman, and running thence along the north 
 bounds thereof to the Paltz River, commonly called 
 the Wallkill, then .southerly up the said river to the 
 southeast corner of a tract of four thousand acres of 
 land granted to Gerardus Beekman and others, then 
 westerly and northerly along the southerly and west- 
 erly bounds thereof to the northeast corner thereof, 
 and then northwesterly along the north bounds of the 
 land granted to Jeremiah Schuyler and Company to 
 the Shawangunk Kill, thence southerly along said 
 kill to the north part of the farm now or late in the 
 occupation of Joseph Wood, Jr., thence west to the 
 river Mongaap. By act of the 7th of April of the 
 same year definite 'boundary lines were given to 
 the towns compo.sing the newly-constructed county, 
 namely : Blooming-Grove, Chesekook, Cornwall, 
 Deerpark, Goshen, Minisink, Montgomery, New 
 Windsor, Newburgh, Wallkill, and Warwick. J 
 
 The first buildings of the original county were 
 erected at Orangetown some time about 1703. At 
 the first court of sessions held by justices of the peace, 
 April 5, 1703, an examination of the "common goal 
 of the county" was ordered and directions given to 
 complete the same. By act of the Assembly, Dec. 16, 
 1737, " the justices of the peace of that part of Orange 
 County lying to the northward of the Highlands" 
 were " authorized to build a court-house and goal for 
 the said county at Goshen. "| This building was 
 completed under act of Nov. 3, 1740, by which one 
 hundred pounds were authorized to be raised for the 
 purpose on the portion of the county already named. 
 It was a structure of wood and stone ; was repaired in 
 1754, and was torn down in 1775 or 1776,11 a new stone 
 court-house having been erected. The latter was on 
 the site now occupied by the office of the county clerk 
 in Goshen. Its erection was provided for under an 
 act of the Assembly, March 12, 1773, by which one 
 thousand pounds were raised for the purpose on the 
 .precincts of Goshen and Cornwall. Four hundred 
 pounds additional were raised in 1774 to finish it, 
 and prisoners were removed to it under act of April 
 1, 1775. Meanwhile the old court-house at Orange- 
 town was replaced by a new structure in 1704, the 
 
 t From the territory embraced in the towns named the following ad- 
 ditional towns were erected: Chester, 1845, from Goshen, Warwick, 
 Blooming-Grove, and Monroe; Crawford, 1823, from Montgomery; 
 Greenville, 1863, from Minisink; Hamptonburgh, 1830, from Goshen, 
 Blooming-Grove, Montgomery, New Windsor, and Wallkill; Mount 
 Hope, 1833. from Wallkill, Minisink, and Deerpark ; Wawayanda, 1.S49, 
 from Minisink ; Highlands, from Cornwall, 1872 ; the city of Newburgh, 
 1866, from Newburgh. The county now embraces eighteen towns, one 
 city, and six incorporated villages. 
 
 § The courts in Newburgh were held in the academy building, the 
 upper floor having been specially fitted up for the purpose. 
 
 II Part of the dungeon wall of this structure now forms the south end 
 wall of the building known as the Orange Hotel at Uoshen, and is the 
 only portion that was not removed from its original foundation. 
 
COURTS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC. 
 
 29 
 
 expense being borne by the "southern part of the ! 
 county." It was subsequently destroyed by fire. 
 
 The court-house and jail erected at Goshen under 
 the act of March 12, 1773, came into the present 
 county on its reorganization under the act of 1795, 
 and with its history, and that of other public buildings 
 erected since that time, we are more inimediately in- 
 terested than in those of the original county. The 
 court-house of 1773 stood on the site now occupied 
 by the office of the county clerk, the well on the west 
 side of the latter building having stood about ten 
 feet from the rear of the centre of the court-house. 
 There were two periods in its architecture. As orig- 
 inally constructed it was two stories high ; its first 
 floor contained a hall in the centre, with sheriff's 
 office and dwelling-rooms on the west, a dungeon on 
 the southeast, and a staircase on the northeast. The 
 court-room was at the west end of the second floor, 
 the judges' bench facing the entrance; on the south- 
 east were cells for minor ofl^enders. The building was 
 plain, and without belfry; its only ornamental fea- 
 tures were two windows larger than the others and 
 arched, one over the front door on the north side, its 
 mate directly opposite on the south side, and the date 
 " 1773" worked conspicuously in brick on the east 
 wall in lieu of the British crown-stone which had 
 been obtained for the place, but which Gabriel Wisner 
 demolished with a hammer.* Here were confined 
 during the Revolution political offenders or Tories, 
 and prisoners of all grades ; among others Joshua 
 Hett Smith, who was arrested for complicity in the 
 treason of Arnold, and who presents in his narrative 
 an inside view of the prison at that time. He writes: 
 " The jail was filled with those who professed to be 
 the king's friends : Tories, and those who were pris- 
 oners of war; felons, and characters of all colors and 
 descriptions. I was challenged to know if I had any 
 hand in the business of aiding the Tory prisoners to 
 effect their escape from the dungeon. These were a 
 number of persons who were taken in arms while 
 going to join the king's troops in Canada; they were 
 residents of western settlements whei'e, the country 
 being thinly inhabited, they had no jails, or at least 
 none that were large and strong enough to contain the 
 number of persons who were captured, and who were 
 therefore brought to this place for greater security. 
 Among them were some of the most daring and hardy 
 people, belonging to Col. Brant and Butler's corps of 
 whites and Indians. Fifty of these were crowded in 
 a small cell, which had a window grated with strong 
 bars of iron, and a sentinel to watch it.f Notwith- 
 standing his vigilance, however, some implements 
 were conveyed to the prisoners, who, in the night, by 
 
 * The tradition is that a controversy arose in regard to tlie place where 
 the stone sliuiilii be fixed. Wisner, who was a justice of tlie peace, asked 
 that it ho lianiled to hira and he would place it where no one would ob- 
 ject. Holding the stone in the wall, as if to adjust it, hesuddenly struck 
 it with a sledge and broke it in fragments. He was subsefniently killed 
 in the battle of Minisink, 
 
 t The original dungeon of this buildiug. 
 
 gentle degrees, picked away the mortar from the 
 heavy foundation walls, and in the course of one 
 night made an aperture large enough to admit a mau 
 of almost any size to pass through, which they all did 
 and eff'ected their escape. Fortunately a few days 
 after, several persons came to see me, as well on busi- 
 ness as from friendship, and they having interest with 
 the deputy sheriff, persuaded him to suffer lue to come 
 out of my place of confinement, and sit with them in 
 the open court-room." As evening approached, he took 
 occasion to ask to visit his room a moment ; but in- 
 stead of doing so, " when I came near the door of my 
 prison, I suddenly turned, and from a wink of my 
 servant went down a staircase that was at the side of 
 it, and without delay made to the outer door of the 
 jail, which not being bolted, I went out." 
 
 The building was changed by the addition of a 
 third story, cupola and bell, about the commence- 
 ment of the present century. On the new floor was a 
 large or main jail-room at the southeast corner, and 
 adjoining it on the northeast was a dungeon with one 
 grated window so arranged that it could be completely 
 darkened. Imiuediately west of these was a large 
 hall separating the rooms on the east side from a jail- 
 room on the west and three other rooms, one occupied 
 by the county clerk and the surrogate, the others by 
 a jailer, and used as occasion required for prisoners. 
 The arrangement of the court-room was changed, the 
 bench being placed on the northerly side, with the 
 prisoners' dock on the right, and seats for jurors on 
 both left and right. The building had no basement. 
 When prisoners died in it who were confined for 
 debt, they were buried under the floor ; or, if on the 
 limits, in the prison-yard. J The death penalty was 
 inflicted publicly, outside the court-house walls.? 
 The building was without special architecture. Its 
 length exceeded its depth ; its walls were stone ; its 
 roof was hipped ; its ceilings quite high for a struc- 
 ture of that period. Its little bell now calls the fire- 
 men of Goshen to their duties ; the old stones in its 
 walls are incorporated in the walls of the present 
 jail ; its historical associations embrace all that is 
 now regarded as barbarous in the old judicial system. 
 
 The court-houses now in use at Newburgh and 
 Goshen were erected by the present county in 1842, 
 and were the result of a compromise on the question 
 of erecting a new county, which had been agitated at 
 
 X Among those who were buried under the iloor of the building was 
 Major Antill, an Englishman of high social rank, who had been im- 
 prisoned for debt. Under the law, the body was held until the debt was 
 paid. In 1875 the remains of several persons who had been buried in 
 the yard were exhumed, in digging a trench, and removed elsewhere, 
 gaining their final release from the old " limits" through the mercy of a 
 laborer's shovel. The remains were not identified. 
 
 ? Claudius Smith was executed a few rods in the rear of the court- 
 house, at about the point now formed by the southwest angle of the 
 Presbyterian church grounds. Teed and Dunning were executed in a 
 field just out of town, a mile or so south of the court-house, near what 
 is known as Stewart's woods. Peter Crine w.as hanged in the court- 
 room, and his execution was the fii-st in Orange County under the statute 
 decreeing that capital punishment should be more privately administered 
 
30 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 different periods* by the people of Newburgh and the 
 northeastern towns. Their erection was inaugurated 
 in 18.39 bj' an application to tlie Legislature, on the 
 part of the board of supervisors, for authority to build 
 a new court-house at Goshen. This proposition w'as 
 opposed by Xewburgh, and the passage of the act de- 
 feated. In December following the supervisors at an 
 extra session (December 7th) adopted, by a vote of ten 
 to four, a resolution to apply to the Legislature for 
 power to levy a tax of thirty thousand dollars on the 
 county for the building of a court-house and jail at 
 Goshen and a court-house and cells at Newburgh, — 
 seventeen thousand dollars to be expended in the 
 former and thirteen thousand dollars in the latter 
 town. The act applied for was passed by the Legis- 
 lature in April, 1841, and the erection of the build- 
 ings begun soon after. In their external appearance 
 they are alike, and were from plans furnished by T. 
 M. Niven, architect. The basement of that at New- 
 burgh is occupied in part by cells, which are not 
 necessary at Goshen, the county jail being a separate 
 building at that place. The site of the Newburgh 
 building was enlarged to an open square by j^rivate 
 subscriptions of citizens. 
 
 Originally the county clerk and the surrogate had 
 their offices at their dwellings ; subsequently in the 
 reconstructed court-house. At a later period a clerk's 
 and surrogate's office was erected on the west side of 
 the site now occupied by the court-house at Goshen. 
 It was a .small building of brick, and was moved a 
 short distance south in 1842, but in moving its walls 
 were cracked, which gave rise to the necessity for the 
 erection of the present clerk's office, which was built 
 in 18-51 and occupied in the fall of that year.f It is 
 a brick structure of one story, fireproof, and was oc- 
 cupied for some years by the clerk and the surrogate. 
 At the annual session of the supervisors in 1873, the 
 erection of a building for the use of the surrogate 
 and the supervisors was authorized, from plans sub- 
 mitted by Cornelius Ackerman, architect, and C. M. 
 Thompson and J. H. Vail, appointed as building com- 
 mittee. The contract was awarded to Thomas Dob- 
 bin, of Newburgh, and the building completed in the 
 summer of 1874, at a cost of seven thousand four hun- 
 dred and seven dollars and eighty-five cents. The 
 structure is of brick, two stories high, and presumed 
 to be fireproof. 
 
 The support of the poor of the county and of its 
 several towns, with the exception of the town and 
 
 * The first effort for a Dew county was made in 1822, when it was pro- 
 posed to give it the name of " Jackson ;" the second in 1832, when "New- 
 burgh" was fixed upon as the name. Tlie third effort was made in 1858, 
 ^the new county to be called " Highland." The two former were pre- 
 dicated upon the refusal of the western towns to consent to the erection 
 of a coTirt-house at Newburgh. 
 
 t The resolution for its construction was introduced in the board of 
 supervisors in the fall of 1850, by R M. Vail. The contract was awarded 
 to Francis Boyd, of Newburgh, architect. The building committee was 
 composed of R. M. Vail, of Goshen ; James R. Dickson, of Newburgh ; 
 and Daniel Fullerton, of Wawayanda. The cost of the building and 
 furniture was six thousand two hundred and fifty dollai-s. 
 
 city of Newburgh, t is provided for by a county house 
 and farm situated about four miles south of the ^^l- 
 lage of Goshen, on the road leading to Florida. In 
 the early years of the settlement of the county, this 
 support devolved, under the law of 1701, upon the 
 several towns and precincts. The relief provided was 
 of two kinds : temporary or special assistance to the 
 poor, and absolute support where the latter was neces- 
 sary. In most cases those of the latter class were 
 given out to board with the person who, at the annual 
 town-meeting, should propose the lowest rate of com- 
 pensation ; although in some cases tenements were 
 rented for families. Newburgh and Monroe pur- 
 chased lands and erected town poor-houses, but they 
 were the exception.? As population increased and 
 the number of paupers became greater, the distinction 
 between town and county poor was established, — the 
 latter being provided for by general tax upon the 
 county, and the former, which was administered in 
 the form of temporary relief, by tax upon the town in 
 which it was afforded. Various methods were from 
 time to time considered for administering the sui)port 
 required for permanent paupers, resulting ultimately 
 in the passage by the Legislature (Nov. 27, 1824) of 
 an act to provide for the establishment of county 
 houses for both town and county poor. This act was 
 amended (April 4, 1828) by providing for the submis- 
 sion to the people of the towns, at an annual town- 
 meeting^ of the question of adopting the county sys- 
 tem, and, if approving, to so instruct their supervisors 
 and file their action with the county clerk. The peo- 
 ple of Blooming-Grove were the first to move for the 
 adoption of the system in Orange, by appointing, at 
 their town-meeting in 1828, a committee to make in- 
 quiry in regard to it, and the probable expense of its 
 establishment. This committee — composed of Joseph 
 McLaughlin, Josejjh Moffat, and Robert Denniston — • 
 made a lengthy report (Feb. 19, 1829), in which the 
 results of the system in the county of Ontario were 
 presented, and the rapidly increasiug poor rates of the 
 county dwelt upon, — the expense of supporting the 
 town and county poor during the previous year hav- 
 ing been as follows : 
 
 Tax for Tax for 
 
 County Poor. Town Poor. 
 
 Walkill $106.3.08 81000 
 
 Deerpark 359.59 
 
 Minisink 332.25 400 
 
 Warwick 122,84 900 
 
 Monroe 321.65 360 
 
 Blooming-Grove 185.54 70O 
 
 Cornwall 262.15 450 
 
 New Windsor 119.48 7W 
 
 Montgomery 167,82 1000 
 
 Crawford 119.30 400 
 
 Calhoun (Mount Hope) 208,42 250 
 
 Newburgh 263.24 600 
 
 Goshen 391.08 750 
 
 $3917.93 $7400 
 
 Whole annual expense $11,317,93 
 
 It was thought that this expense could be greatly 
 
 X Newburgh withdrew from the connty system by act of March 13, 
 1863, 
 
 g Report, March 23, 1829, In some instances the poor were sold for 
 their own support. 
 
COURTS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, ETC. 
 
 31 
 
 reduced and a better support provided by the new sys- 
 tem, the cost of the establishment of which was esti- 
 mated at ten thousand one hundred and ninety dollars. 
 The committee suggested a meeting of delegates from 
 the several towns, which was held on their call at 
 Goshen on the 22d of March ; John McGarrah, of 
 Monroe, chairman, and Stacey Beakes, of Wallkill, 
 secretary. This meeting approved the county system, 
 and requested the officers of the different towns to sub- 
 mit the question to the electors at the ensuing town- 
 meetings. The question was accordingly submitted, 
 and, the towns consenting, the board of supervisors 
 met at Goshen in October to take such further action 
 as was required. At this meeting a committee was 
 appointed to consider and report ; and at a subsequent 
 meeting, in November, full powers were given a com- 
 mittee to purchase a site, with the necessary land, and 
 proceed with the erection of buildings. On the 6th 
 of February, 1830, the proposals for erecting the build- 
 ings were opened and the contract awarded to John 
 H. Corwin and Samuel Bull of Wallkill, for seven 
 thousand two hundred and eighty-nine dollars. As 
 the general act authorized the expenditure of seven 
 thousand dollars only for laud and buildings, applica- 
 tion was at once made to the Legislature for power to 
 raise five thousand dollars additional, and subse- 
 quently for one thousand dollars for land.* At their 
 November meeting (1829) the supervisors appointed 
 the following persons as the first board of superintend- 
 ents: Gilbert Holmes, of Newburgh ; Jesse Wood, 
 Jr., of Warwick ; Daniel Corwin, of Wallkill, and 
 William Smith and John Wilson, of Goshen, who 
 appointed (November) Festus A. Webb, of Minisink, 
 keeper, at a salary of five hundred dollars.f The 
 terms of the general law were fully complied with on 
 the 29th of March, 18.31, when the house was opened, 
 and the distinction between town and county poor 
 abolished except in temporary relief, which was con- 
 tinued by the towns. During the eight months em- 
 braced in the first report of the sujierintendents, four 
 hundred and thirty-two persons were relieved at an 
 expense of five thousand five hundred and eighty-nine 
 dollars and eighty-eight cents ; and the apparent econ- 
 omy of the system shown in the statement that for the 
 support of the county poor alone, from Dec. 1, 1830, to 
 March 31, 1831, had been expended four thousand eight 
 hundred and ninety-four dollars and twenty-two cents. J 
 The cost of the house, with one hundred and twenty- 
 eight acres of land,? was twelve thousand dollars. 
 The original building has been improved and others 
 erected at different times, and the property now em- 
 braces the main asylum, erected in 1830, fifty by one 
 hundred and fifty feet, three stories and a half high, 
 
 * The fli-st act was passed March 3, 1830 ; the second Feb. 5, 1833. 
 
 t Five superintendents were appointed until 1S38 ; after tliat, and until 
 1857, three. In 1857 the number was reduced to one, to be elected by the 
 people. James 0. Adams was then chosen. 
 
 I The poor were first brought to the house from different towns in 
 April, 1831. 
 
 g Subsequently increased to two hundred and sixty-three acres. 
 
 with accommodations for three hundred persons; a 
 lunatic asylum adjoining on the northwest, erected in 
 1848 by Riley & McFarr, thirty by fifty feet, with ac- 
 commodations for about thirty lunatics ; a separate 
 building on the south for colored people, erected in 
 1865 by B. H. Corwin, with accommodations for one 
 hundred persons. || Adjoining the original asylum on 
 the northwest is the new asylum for the custody and 
 care of the chronic insane, furnished with all modern 
 conveniences, — the first of its kind erected in the 
 State. Its construction was authorized by the board of 
 supervisors, whose attention was called to its necessity 
 by J. H. Goodale, superintendent, at a special session 
 held Aug. 12, 1874, when the board appointed Messrs. 
 D. Thompson, D. M. Wade, and M. Shuit a commit- 
 tee to examine the matter, who reported (December 
 2d) that the representations which had been made by 
 Mr. Goodale were fully sustained ; that at the county 
 house thirty insane persons were confined to fifteen 
 rooms ; that additional room was absolutely required ; 
 that the annual expense of maintenance in State asy- 
 lums of thirty-eight persons was seven thousand and 
 twenty-four dollars, and that it was believed this sum 
 could be largely reduced and at the same time the in- 
 mates of the house be better cared for by the erection 
 of an additional building of sufficient size to accom- 
 modate all the chronic insane of the county. 
 
 The report was accepted and the erection of the 
 proposed building voted. Plans submitted by John 
 C. Sloat, architect, were adopted, and Messrs. Owen, 
 Bell, and Shuit, of the board, and J. H. Goodale, 
 superintendent, appointed building committee. The 
 contract for the building was awarded to Thomas 
 Dobbin, of Newburgh ; and the corner-stone was laid 
 June 11, 1875. The dimensions of the building are : 
 length, eighty feet; width, forty feet; height, four 
 and a half stories ; height of ceilings, average ten 
 feet ; walls hard-finished throughout. A corridor 
 fourteen feet wide traverses each story, and the rooms, 
 each ten feet ten inches deep by seven feet in width, 
 are arranged on either side. It will accommodate 
 about one hundred persons. The cost of the structure 
 was provided for by certificates of indebtedness, issued 
 by the board of supervisors for twenty thousand dol- 
 lars, payable five thousand dollars annually. The 
 farm now contains two hundred and sixty -three acres, 
 of which two hundred are tillable, and is supplied 
 with all necessary outbuildings. The present valu- 
 ation of the estate is about seventy thousand dollars. 
 
 The first board of supervisors of the present county 
 assembled at Goshen, May 28, 1798, and was composed 
 of John Vail, Goshen ; Francis Crawford, New Wind- 
 sor ; Reuben Tooker, Newburgh ; Anselem Helme, 
 Cornwall ; Jacobus Post, Warwick ; Nathan Arnout, 
 Minisink ; James Finch, Dcerpark ; David Galatian, 
 Montgomery ; and Andrew McCord, Wallkill. The 
 business of the session was confined to the audit of 
 
 U These buildings are all of stone quarried on the farm. 
 
32 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 accounts. In the course of its subsequent history 
 there are few salient points. It has erected three 
 towns, — Greenville, Wawayanda, and Highlands; 
 improved one and constructed two court-houses, — of 
 the latter, one at Goshen with jail, and one at New- 
 burgh with cells ; two county clerk's offices and a 
 surrogate's office at Goshen, a county almshouse, and 
 a county asylum for the insane. In its expenditures 
 it has been prudent, perhaps in the character of its 
 public buildings too prudent; but it has never suf- 
 fered the credit of the county to bo impaired, or its 
 people to be opjjressed by taxation where the assess- 
 ment was under its control. With its powers enlarged 
 and entering upon a new political era, its future will 
 not be without more marked influence. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 LOCATION-PHYSIOLOGY-GEOGHAPHICAL 
 NOMENCLATUKE-CLIMATE— GEOLOGY. 
 
 The county of Orange, erected Feb. 23, 1798, is lo- 
 cated between 41° 8' S. and 41° 38' N. latitude,— 10' 
 E. and 43' W. longitude from the city of New York. 
 It is bounded on the south by Rockland County and 
 the State of New Jersey, on the west by the county of 
 Sullivan and the State of Pennsylvania, on the north by 
 the county of Ulster, and on the east by Hudson's River. 
 It is centrally distant ninety miles from Albany, and 
 contains eight hundred and thirty-eight square miles. 
 The surface of the county is mountainous upon the 
 southeast and northwest borders, and a rolling upland 
 through the centre. The Kittatinny, or South Moun- 
 tains extend in several parallel ranges from the New 
 Jersey line northeast to the Hudson, ending in the 
 rocky and precipitous liluffs known as the Highlands. 
 The Shawangunk Mountains extend from the Dela- 
 ware River northeast through the northwest corner of 
 the county. Among the principal ridges are the 
 Warwick, Bellvale, and Rough and Sterling ranges, 
 near the south border of the county, and the Schune- 
 munk range. The extreme northwest corner of the 
 county is occupied by the series of highlands extend- 
 ing from the Delaware River into Sullivan County. 
 The central portion of the county, lying between the 
 mountain systems, is a rolling upland, broken in many 
 places by abrupt and isolated hills and the deep val- 
 leys of streams. More than one-half of the entire 
 surface of the county is susceptible of cultivation, 
 and forms a fine agricultural district. Along the 
 southwest border, extending through several towns 
 and into New Jersey, is a low, flat region, lying 
 upon the streams, and known as the Drowned Lands. 
 This tract, consisting of about seventeen thousand 
 acres, was originally covered with water and a dense 
 growth of cedars ; but a large jjortion of it has been 
 drained and reclaimed, and now forms one of the 
 finest agricultural portions of the county. (Ju the 
 
 extreme northwest and forming in part the boundary I 
 line of the county, the river Mongaap flows south and j 
 unites with the Delaware. Neversink River flows ; 
 south along the west foot of the Shawangunk Moun- ! 
 tains, and forms a triljutary of the Delaware, the I 
 latter stream being for a short distance at this point ' 
 the boundary line of the State. The Pakadasink or 
 Shawangunk River flows north along the east foot of ' 
 the Shawangunk Mountains, and forms a tributary 
 of the WallkiU. The Wallkill or Paltz River flows I 
 north through near the centre of the county, and 
 forms a tributary of the Hudson at Rondout, in Ulster \ 
 County. Murderer's Creek and its principal tribu- j 
 tary the Otterkill flow^ east through near the centre of |i 
 the county, and discharge their waters into the Hud- '! 
 son. Wawayanda Creek flows south into New Jersey, 
 and re-entering the county as Pochuck Creek, unites 
 with the Wallkill. Ramapo River rises in the south 
 part of the county and flows south into Rockland. 
 A number of small local streams furnish hydraulic 
 power in other parts of the county. The principal 
 lakes are Greenwood, Thompson's, Mombasha. and 
 Orange, which, with a series of .smaller bodies of 
 water, add picturesqueness to the topography of the 
 county. There are also swamp districts, in addition 
 to the Drowned Lands, of which the Chester meadows 
 have been largely reclaimed and are very productive. 
 
 MOUNTAINS AND V.\LLEYS. 
 
 The Highlands are the most prominent of the 
 mountain ranges. Approached from the north, to 
 the right of the range stands the anciently so-called 
 Butter Hill, a title with which Irving embalmed it in 
 his famous but fictitious " Knickerbocker" history. 
 It is now quite generally known as Storm-king, a title 
 bequeathed to it by the poetic fancy of Willis, from the 
 fact that for years it has served as a weather-signal to 
 the inhabitants of the immediate district. At one 
 time a cap of fog upon its crown indicates the coming 
 of rain ; at another, clouds are seen rising over the 
 Shawangunk range, following its course north and 
 south, separating into two parts, the one passing over 
 the Warwick Mountains to the Higlilands, the other 
 over the hills of Ulster to Marlborough, and both 
 joining as it were over Butter Hill, pouring out tor- 
 rents of rain, not unfrequently accompanied by rever- 
 berating peals of thunder such as one rarely hears 
 except in similarly broken mountain ranges. The 
 ancient Dutch navigators, noticing the latter peculi- 
 arity, preserved a record of the apparently culminating 
 point of these peals in the Dunderbcrg, situated far- 
 ther south. Butter Hill has an altitude of fifteen 
 hundred and twenty-four feet. Its ascent from the 
 river-front is precipitous ; on the north, however, it is 
 crossed by wagon-roads. 
 
 Cro'-nest, adjoining Butter Hill on the south, is the 
 second peak of the range, rising above the Hudson 
 fourteen hundred and eighteen feet. Its modern name 
 preserves in substance its Algonquin title, which, in 
 
GEOGRAPHICAL NOMENCLATURE. 
 
 33 
 
 ancient records, is written Navesing, signifying "a re- 
 sort for birds." The name is retained in the Sandy 
 Hook highlands and in the Neversink River in Sul- 
 livan and Orange, the latter as well as the Hudson 
 having on its border a Cro'-nest, — its original Nave- 
 sing. Bear Mountain is the third principal elevation, 
 rising thirteen hundred and fifty feet above the river. 
 Mount Independence forms the background of the 
 )>lateau at West Point, and is crowned with the crumb- 
 ling walls of Fort Putnam. Just below, in a gorge 
 in the rocks dividing the sites of Forts Clinton and 
 Montgomery, flows Poplo])en's Kill, at the mouth of 
 which the county line leaves the Hudson and from 
 thence passes amidst the hills southwesterly. In suc- 
 cessive proximity are the elevations known as Black 
 Rock and Deer Hill, Ant Hill, Lawyer's Hill, Mount 
 Rascal, and Peat, Pine, Cold, and Round Hills. Fol- 
 lowing the range we meet Blacktop, Black-cup, and 
 Long Hills, the ancient Dutch Dunderberg, Torn 
 Mountain, and Cape Hill, Tom Jones' Mountain, and 
 Hemlock Hill. To this may be added as objects of 
 interest by the way, Kidd's Pocket-book, the Lover's 
 Rocking-stone, the Giant's Haunt, the Giant's Slip- 
 per, Picnic Rock, Poised Rock, and Erlin's Blufl', — a 
 singular mingling of poetic and commonplace titles, 
 and suggestive of paucity in proper orthologic terms. 
 The Dunderberg and Torn Mountain are east of the 
 county line, and, though former residents of Orange, 
 now grace the borders of Rockland. In this enu- 
 meration they serve the purpose of territorial monu- 
 ments. The Torn forms the right shoulder of the 
 Ramapo Valley ; its name and its aj)pearance alike 
 suggest the violence with which it was upheaved or 
 torn from its fellows, although in local acceptation 
 "steeple" is understood to explain its title and re- 
 semblance. 
 
 No mountain range is so well known in Europe, 
 nor is there one with which the history of our own 
 nation is so intimately associated. The visitor at 
 Westminster Abbey reads there the name of Andre ; the 
 story of Arnold is sown broadcast through American 
 schools. Both point to one centre : the Highlands of 
 the Hudson, — the one awakening regret at the fate of 
 the young and gifted ; the other nerving the hearts 
 of thousands to love of country. Aside from its his- 
 tory, the range has an economic character. It tem- 
 pers the winds of the sea-board, and bears upon its 
 sheltering breast the fiercest blasts of many storms. 
 Of Storm-king and Cro'-nest it has been well said, by 
 a recent writer, " They have a charm that might 
 induce a man to live in their shadow for no other 
 purpose than to have them always before him, day 
 and night, to study their ever-changing beauty. For 
 they are never twice alike; the clouds make varying 
 jiictures all day long on their wooded sides, and no- 
 where have we seen more wonderful effects of shadow 
 and sunshine. Under the frown of a low thunder- 
 cloud they take on a grim majesty that makes their 
 black masses strangely threatening and weird ; one 
 
 forgets to measure their height, and their massive, 
 strongly-marked features, by any common standard 
 of every-day measurement, and they seem to over- 
 shadow all the scene around them, like the very 
 rulers and controllers of the coming storm. And 
 when the sunlight comes back again, they seem to 
 have brought it, and to look down with a bright be- 
 nignity, like giant protectors of the valley below." 
 
 The Shawaugunk range is less broken than the 
 Highlands. It continues, with but slight breaks, 
 from near Carpenter's Point on the Delaware to the 
 Sullivan and Ulster line, and forms the boundary line 
 between Deerpark and the towns of Greenville and 
 Mount Hope, those being the only towns of the county 
 touched by the range. The eastern slope is singularly 
 uniform, and is adapted to cultivation to the summit ; 
 the western is broken and precipitous, presenting 
 peaks fourteen and eighteen hundred feet above tide. 
 Few inland landscapes are more beautiful than the 
 former. Approached from the east, the eye rests upon 
 fields of grain and grass, upturned furrows, the verdure 
 of waving trees, and the homes of thrifty husband- 
 men, spread out from vale to crest, from south to the 
 far north, in unwearying panoramic beauty, — a jjatch- 
 work of gold and green, of brown and gray, of white 
 and red, — 
 
 " As tlioiigh all tints 
 Of gem, of bird, of tlower, of cloud, of sky. 
 Had met and blended in a general glow !" 
 
 The name by which the range is known does not 
 strictly belong to it. In the Indian deed to Governor 
 Dongan, and in the subsequent patent to Capt. John 
 Evans, its principal divisions are given respectively 
 the names Pitkiskaker and Aiaskawasting. On Sau- 
 thier's map the same divisions are called Alaskayering 
 and Shawangunk. Many interpretations of the latter 
 have been made. InMather's"Geology of NewYork" 
 the signification is given as "the place of the white 
 rocks;" the late distinguished Algonquin linguist, 
 Henry R. Schoolcraft, renders it, "south mountain ;" 
 the Rev. Charles Scott, taking Shawangun as the 
 original, "south water;" another from jeivan, "swift 
 current, or strong stream ;" another from shong, " mink 
 river;"* and another, from cheegaugong, "the place 
 of leeks." The error in all these cases, probably, is 
 in regarding the term as descriptive of a specific place 
 or physical attribute rather than as a generic phrase. 
 All writers who have examined the subject are aware 
 that Indian geographical terms are of two classes : 
 general or generic, and specijie or local, and are so com- 
 pounded as to present in a single expression a complex 
 idea, or several ideas among which there is a natural 
 connection. In specific names the combination may 
 be simple, as Coxsackie, — co, object, and acke, laud ; 
 in others intricate, as Maghaghkemek, in which acke, 
 land, is buried in consonants and qualifying terms. 
 The terminal of a word materially aids but does not 
 govern its translation. Uk or unk indicates " place 
 
 * " Shonghain" is the local Dutch, and is adopted in SUtiman^t Journal. 
 
34 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 
 of" in a specific sense, as in Mohunl: ; ong, " place of" 
 in a more general sense, as in Warranawonko/ijr, the 
 place or territory of the clau of that name ; it, ick, eck, 
 or ui denotes rocks or stones ; acl- or acke, land ; ing 
 or ink, something in which numbers are presented, as 
 " the place of birds ;" ais, oes, os, aus, denote a single 
 small object or place, as Minnisat>, a small island, — a 
 number of islands, Minnis/H<7 or ink ; ish, eesh, oosh, 
 or sh indicates a bad or faulty quality ; co is object ; 
 at, at or near. In some cases these root terms are 
 thrown into the body of the word, as in Maghagke- 
 mek, Aiaskawasting, etc. General terms have no 
 positive reference to the physiology of the districts of 
 country to which they are applied. Wawayanda is of 
 this class,* and also the term or phrase we are con- 
 sidering, which is preserved in two forms : the Dutch 
 Shaicangunk, and the English Chawangong, — the first 
 in translated records of the Esopus war (1663), and 
 the second in English deeds twenty years later but 
 practically contemporaneous with the first. The latter 
 is known to be correctly written ; the former may 
 perhaps correspond with the accepted modern orthog- 
 raphy rather than with the original Dutch. While 
 regarding Chawangong as the most pleasant, and while 
 as a rule the English rendering of all Algonquin 
 terms is the most correct, the only material difference 
 in this case is in the terminal ; the one indicating a 
 specific place, the other, place or territory in a general 
 sense. In the connection in which they are used we 
 may, however, accept them, and also Shawan, Chawan, 
 and Shuwuu, as equivalent terms varied by dialect, 
 and so accepting them the interpretation is as plain 
 as that of any word in the English language, viz. : 
 " the place or territory of the white man." This in- 
 terpretation and no other harmonizes with historical 
 facts. In no case does i: appear that the term was 
 used or known to the Dutch until after they had con- 
 quered the district, which then became, under Indian 
 law, the place or territory of the conquerors, — liter- 
 ally, " the place of the white man." In the treaty of 
 peace (1663) and in its subsequent renewal (1665), 
 this recognition is distinctly made. In the latter in- 
 strument the boundaries of the conquered territory 
 are defined as a certain " parcel of land, lying and 
 being to the west and southwest of a certain creek or 
 river called by the name of Kahanksen, and so up to 
 the head thereof where the old fort was, and so with 
 a direct line from thence through the woods and across 
 the meadows to the Great Hill lying and being to the 
 west and southwest thereof, which Great Hill is to be 
 the true west or southwest bounds of the said lands, 
 and the said creek called Kahanksen the north or 
 
 * " WawayaDda" is a compound term signifying a district embracing 
 several well-linown and occupied lands, or a village and its dependencies. 
 Wa is a reflective plural, and may mean he or Otetj, or, by repetition, we; 
 Aindau-ijaun^ is " my home ;" Aindau^jun, " thy home ;" Aindau-aud, " his 
 or her home ;" da, " town or village." From these terms we have \Va- 
 vt&'yaitii-dii, — "our homes or places of dwelling," or *'uur village and 
 lands," 
 
 northwest bounds of the said lands." This was the 
 original Shawangunk of the Dutch, — a district em- 
 bracing many specific Indian localities, the names of 
 none of which were subordinated or disturbed by the 
 phrase under which the conquered admitted that part 
 of their territory had become " the place of the white 
 man."! That the term has, strictly speaking, been 
 improperly extended to mountain, river, meadow, 
 etc., may be conceded, yet for its history, its poetry, 
 and its orthology, we may well consent to let it for- 
 ever rest upon Pitkiskaker and Aiaskawasting. 
 
 The Schunemunk range is appropriately described 
 as " the high hills to the west of the Highlands." It 
 extends from northeast to southwest, and is divided 
 longitudinally principally by the boundary line of 
 Monroe and Blooming-Grove, with a portion on the 
 northeast in the town of Cornwall. It was the origi- 
 nal dividing line between the Wawayanda and Chese- 
 kook Patents, and also one of the monuments in the 
 line of the Evans Patent. Its name appears in sev- 
 eral forms. In the deed to Governor Dongan (1684), 
 one of the lines of his purchase is described as run- 
 ning " northwest along a hill called Skoonnenoghky ;" 
 in another paper of the same period it is called Skon- 
 nemoghky ; in a deed to Joseph Sackett (1727), the 
 property is described as being on the " south side of 
 a high hill called Skonemugk ;" in a deed to Edward 
 Blagg (1726) it is spoken of as Schunamock Hill. It 
 will be observed that the prevailing orthography 
 down to the Blagg deed contains sko, the Algonquin 
 generic term for fire, and that the terminal indicates a 
 certain place. From this anaylsis, without consider- 
 ing no, na, ne, in the body of the word (signifying excel- 
 lent), we have the literal interpretation, "fire place," 
 the reference being (as in Skootag, now Schodac) to 
 the principal castle or palisaded village of the clan 
 owning the land. This castle stood on the north spur 
 of the range. At the time of the sale it was occupied 
 by Maringoman and his people, and was known and 
 called Maringoman's castle, to distinguish it from the 
 wigwam in which he subsequently lived, which was 
 situated near Washingtonville. The latter is a land- 
 mark in the boundaries of the Mompesson and Kip 
 Van Dam Patents, issued subsequent to the Evans. 
 • North of Schunemunk is Muchattoes Hill, extend- 
 ing north and south in the towns of New Windsor 
 and Newburgh. Its name is Algonquin, — muhk, 
 black ; at, near or by ; oes, small : signifying literally 
 " a small black hill near the river." 
 
 t A general term of this character was applied by the Indians to De- 
 troit after the site of that city passed to the possession of the French. 
 There is one other possible solution of the name, and that is that when 
 the Shawanoes, of Maryland, removed to the territory of the Minsies, in 
 1694, they were assigned lands on the Shawangunk range, and through 
 what is now Sullivan County, and that the name comes from their occu- 
 pation, as the country of the Shawanoes. There is still a hill in Sullivan 
 called Shawanoes Hill. Our conclusion, however, is based on the pre- 
 '^umption that the name is older than Shawanoes occupation, but of this 
 we have no other evidence thau that furnished by O'Callagan and Brod- 
 head in their rendering of Holland documents. If they have made an 
 error in applying a modern term to an anrient dale we cannot correct it. 
 
GEOGKAPHICAL NOiMENCLATURE. 
 
 35 
 
 West of Schunemunk is Woodcock Hill now so 
 known, but called Winegtekonk in the patent to Sir 
 John Ashurst (1709), and Wenighkonk in the patent 
 to Edward Blagg (1726). The present name requires 
 no explanation, although a reasonable apology for its 
 retention appears to be necessary. 
 
 From Woodcock Hill southwest are a series of ele- 
 vations in the following order : Eound Hill, in shape 
 like an inverted bowl; Mosquito Hill, a jagged ele- 
 vation ; Rainer's Hill ; Peddler's Hill ; Tom Rocks, 
 which are more rocky than mountainous and rise in 
 two separate peaks to an elevation of about two hun- 
 dred feet above the surrounding country ; Lazy Hill, 
 whose gradual slopes, it is presumed, suggested its 
 name ; and Goose-pond Mountain. 
 
 At this point rise what are known as the Bellvale 
 Mountains; connecting peaks continue the line to the 
 Sterling Mountains on the south, the Rough Moun- 
 tains and Southfield Mountains on the east, and the 
 Warwick Mountains on the southwest ; on the north- 
 west are the Taylor Mountains, Round Hill, Rocky 
 Hill, and Pochuck Mountain, filling out the south- 
 east and southwest borders of the county with a bat- 
 tlement of mountainous elevations.* Pochuck Neck 
 and Pochuck Mountain intrude upon the Drowned 
 Lands. Pochuck is of course Algonquin corrupted ; 
 2)0 should be pogh as in the original of Ramapo, 
 Poughkeepsie, etc. ; uck, as in Mahicanituk, signify- 
 ing " large areas of land and water," — a name most 
 certainly misapplied to the mountain. Farther north, 
 in Warwick, are Mount Adam and Mount Eve, con- 
 joined, — the former being much the highest, the lat- 
 ter much the longest, — which spring up from the bot- 
 tom-lands and the rolling glades surrounding them 
 and are picturesque in all their phases. Directly east, 
 in Chester, is Sugar-loaf Mountain, which, when 
 seen from the north, resembles a sugar-loaf; hence its 
 name. Its northern ascent is quite gradual, its south- 
 ern broken and precipitous. With its adjacent hills 
 it is the apex from which the country descends to the 
 north and to the south. It is therefore a very promi- 
 nent object for a great distance on either side. North- 
 west from Sugar-loaf is Mount Lookout, the principal 
 elevation in the town of Goshen, where both hills 
 and stones are the exception. 
 
 Scattered through the county are minor elevations: 
 the Comfort Hills, on the line between Montgomery 
 and Crawford; Pea Hill, Pine Hill, and Sloop Hill, 
 in Cornwall ; Three-mile Hill and Mount Joy, in 
 Wallkill; Rough Ridge and Forge Hill, in New 
 Windsor; King's Hill, in Newburgh ; Jogee Hill, in 
 Minisink, etc., the latter perpetuating in its name the 
 name and residence of Keghgekapowell alias .Joghem, 
 
 * The principal elevations in Warwick are Hogback, Decker, One Pine, 
 and Pine and Hull's Hills on the east, Bill and Coxcomb Hills in the 
 centre. Long, Cedar, Pond, aud Bill White's Hills in the southeast, 
 Round, Kocky, and Chuck's Hills in the south, Pochuck Mountain, and 
 Green and Adney's Hills in the west, and Mounts Adam and Eve and 
 Round Hill in the northwest. 
 
 one of the grantors of the lands included in the Evans 
 Patent. In Deerpark, Mount William and Point 
 Peter form prominent and attractive features of the 
 village of Port Jervis. 
 
 The valleys of the county are not less numerous 
 than its mountains and streams. That portion of 
 Deerpark bordering on the Delaware is but a narrow 
 and irregular valley, broken by mountains and tribu- 
 taries of the Delaware. The valley of the Neversink 
 and Basha's Kill comprises the main portion of the 
 valuable and cultivated lands of the town of Deer- 
 park. These together are sometimes called the Hu- 
 guenot Valley, from the early Huguenot settlers who 
 reclaimed it from the Indians ; those portions along 
 the Basha and Pinet Kills were long known as the 
 Peenpack Valley, — a name corrupted from Neepe- 
 nack, the original western boundary of the Swart- 
 wout Patent. The Wallkill Valley widens out on 
 either side of the Wallkill. It is of singular beauty 
 and fertility, and is properly classed among the finest 
 bottom-lands of the State. The valley of the Shaw- 
 angunk Kill is narrow and crooked. To the east of 
 the valley of the Wallkill is that of the Otterkill, 
 which for miles runs approximately parallel with the 
 former but suddenly turns to the east, and, through a 
 winding course amid the hills, reaches the Hudson 
 above the Highlands. Throughout this valley, says 
 a recent writer, the hills approach and retire in sin- 
 gular fantasy, affording wide alluvial flats and pent- 
 up gorges, gradual slopes and steep declivities, hither 
 and thither. At Salisburj- it narrows to a gorge of 
 rocks, and nearer its mouth it assumes, in picturesque- 
 ness and beauty, the poetic name (by Willis) of 
 Moodna Valley. Cromeline Valley, through which 
 Cromeline Creek passes, has its head in the far east 
 of Warwick, from whence it follows the tortuous 
 course of the stream from which it takes its name 
 until it reaches its junction with the valley of the 
 Otterkill, presenting throughout scenes wild and 
 beautiful, a surface varied from plain to mountain, a 
 soil from rich to poor, smooth to broken and precip- 
 itous. Sugar-loaf Valley runs from the mountain of 
 that name to Wickham's Pond, and from thence a 
 devious course to the village of Warwick, with hills 
 and mountains, vales and headlands intersecting; 
 from Warwick its course continues south and west 
 until it pas.ses out of the State. Bellvale Valley, or 
 the lower valley of Warwick, extends from the im- 
 mediate vicinity of the village of Warwick southerly 
 to Greenwood Lake and the Sussex, N. J., Clove. It 
 is an especially rich farming section. The valleys of 
 most of the small streams have more or less local ce- 
 lebrity. That of the Arackhook or Tinn Brock has 
 many patches of beauty, while that of the Quassaick, 
 near its confluence with the Hudson, has passed into 
 history under the title of " The Vale." 
 
 The principal cloves — so called from the Saxon 
 
 f Au affluent of Basha's Kill in Maoiakating, Sullivan Co. 
 
36 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ■word cleopan, " to split asunder," and meaning " val- 
 ley," literally — are known as Blagg's Clove, in Bloom- 
 ing-Grove, between the Schunemunk and Woodcock 
 ^Mountains ; Woodbury Clove, in Cornwall and IMon- 
 roe, between the Schunemunk and the Highlands, 
 now traversed by the Newburgh and New York 
 (Short-cut) Railroad ; and Smith's Clove, extending 
 from Highland Mills to the Eamapo Valley. Smith's 
 Clove has fame in Revolutionary history from its oc- 
 cupancy by portions of the American army, and 
 as the birthplace of Chief Justice William Smith ; of 
 his brother, Joshua Hett Smith,* whose name is as- 
 sociated with that of Arnold in the treason at West 
 Point, and also of the locally notorious Claudius 
 Smith and his equally notorious sons. What relation- 
 ship Claudius sustained to the chief justice and to 
 Joshua it may not be well to inquire ;t it is sufficient 
 to know that in their devotion to the mother-country 
 they richly earned the name of Tory, and that their 
 offenses against their Whig neighbors differed only in 
 degree. 
 
 Tortuous cloves from Long and Poplopen's Ponds, 
 converging to the south from Black-top Mountain and 
 Cat Hollow, give character to Forest of Dean, far de- 
 pressed beneath Bear Mountain, where, from the south, ■ 
 Two-pond Valley intersects and thence diverges to 
 the northeast and reaches the Hudson, forming a 
 succession of vales where mountain cliffs and jagged 
 rocks occupy the foreground, and abrupt declivities 
 and broken valleys fill the picture. To the south of 
 Black-rock Hill lies Eagle Valley, — so called from 
 local tradition describing it as the resort of the " king 
 of birds," — through which, descending as rocks and 
 hills permit, in crooked course to the Hudson, the 
 waters from Bog-meadow Pond chant their music and 
 finally dash over the rocks in foaming spray, forming 
 the " Boter Melck Val" of the early Dutch skippers, 
 —the Buttermilk Falls of our times. Poplopen's 
 Valley — through which pass the waters of Poplopen's 
 Creek, the outlet of Poplopen's and other mountain 
 ponds — is similarly constituted. Its name is appar- 
 ently from that of a Highland chieftain whose rude 
 castle once crowned one of the adjacent hilltops. 
 The valley of the Ramapo, the largest of the moun- 
 tain pa.sses, continues Smith's Clove to the Hudson. 
 The term Ramapo was, it is assumed, originally given 
 to the entire district as one of " many ponds." The 
 original orthography, Ramspook or Ramapogli, how- 
 ever, indicates " a river into which empty a number of 
 jjonds," the application being specific to the river. 
 
 PONDS, STREAiMS, Etc 
 Few districts of country are so bountifully supplied 
 with ponds and streams as that embraced in the 
 
 * " A place called Smith's Clove, a valley which took ita Dame from my 
 family, as possessing a greater part of the land it contained, as well aa 
 around its vicinity." — J. H, Smith's Narrntive. 
 
 f The latter, in his " Narrative," states that a brother of his, whose 
 name he does not give, resided in the Clove " about three miles out of 
 the main road," 
 
 county of Orange. On hilltops or in valleys, dashing 
 over rocks, winding through cultivated fields, lying in 
 repose, or chained to the service of man in the forge, 
 the factory, or the mill, they are not only a source of 
 wealth but beautify the landscape. The lake system 
 of tlie county begins in the northern part of the 
 Highlands in Cornwall, continues through the towns 
 of Highlands and Monroe, culminates in Warwick in 
 that beautiful sheet of water known as Greenwood 
 Lake, and from thence west and north appears in 
 inland reservoirs of various sizes. Cornwall has one 
 pond, Sutherland's ; Bog-meadow Pond, Round Pond, 
 No. 1, Long Pond, and Cranberry Pond, No. 1, are 
 in Highlands ; Poplopen's Pond, Bull or Agnel's 
 Pond (also called Wood Lake), Summit Lake, Two 
 Ponds or Twin Ponds (upper and lower). Slaughter's 
 Pond, Cranberry Pond, No. 2, Greenwood Pond, 
 Hazzard's Pond, Round Pond, No. 2, Mombasha 
 Pond, Cedar Pond, No. 1, Truedo or Duck-cedar 
 Pond, Round Island Pond, Little Long Pond, No. 1, 
 Little Long Pond, No. 2, Green Pond, Car Pond, 
 Spruce Pond, and Nigger Pond are in Monroe; 
 Wickham's Pond, Stirling Lake, Cedar Pond, No. 
 2, and Greenwood Lake, are in Warwick ; Thomp- 
 son's Pond, on the line between Warwick and Ches- 
 ter ; Binnenwater or Maretange I'ond, in Greenville; 
 Washington Lake, in New Windsor ; Orange Lake, 
 in Newburgh ; Big Pond and Little Pond, in Deer- 
 park ; and Round Pond, No. 3, in Wawayanda. 
 
 Sutherland's Pond, in Cornwall, lies under the 
 shadow of Black-rock Hill, southwest from Cro'-nest, 
 and is about half a mile long. Its name — like th.it 
 of others in the series which will be recognized witli- 
 out special notice — is that of an individual owner. 
 Its outlet runs west and south and unites with Mur- 
 derer's Creek, after furnishing the falls that are seen 
 near the Cornwall mineral spring. 
 
 Bog-meadow Pond, the first in the town of High- 
 lands, lies southwest from Black-rock Hill. It 
 covers about three hundred acres of land, and has a 
 depth of some twenty-five feet. Its outlet dashes 
 over the rocks at Buttermilk Falls and reaches the 
 Hudson. Round Pond, No. 1, and Long Pond are 
 northwest from Highland Falls. The former is more 
 elevated than the latter, into which its waters flow ; 
 the outlet of the latter unites with Poplopen's Greek. 
 The waters of Round Pond, in making connection 
 with Long Pond, flow under a natural bridge, the 
 breadth of which is fifty feet, and its length, up and 
 down stream, seventy-five or eighty feet. It is used 
 as a bridge, and one may ride over it without being 
 aware of it. There is no daylight under it. The 
 stream on the upper side passes into a cave, and is 
 lost to sight until it emerges ^rom another cave on the 
 other side. Willis describes it as " a massive porch, 
 covering the last stair of a staircase by which a cas- 
 cading stream descends into a mountain lake." It 
 differs in situation only, however, from the subterra- 
 nean passage of the outlet of Washington Lake in 
 
GEOGRAPHICAL NOMENCLATURE. 
 
 37 
 
 New Windsor. Cranberry Pond, No. 1, is in the 
 south part of the town and southwest from Fort 
 Montgomery. 
 
 Poplopen's Pond, in the northeast part of the town, 
 and Bull or Agnel's Pond, its neighbor on the south- 
 west, are the first of the Monroe series, and lie north- 
 west from Forest of Dean. Their waters flow to Pop- 
 lopen's Creek. Summit Lake, Tv/o Ponds, Slaughter's 
 Pond, Cranberry Pond, No. 2, Greenwood or Echo 
 Pond, Pound Pond, No. 2, Green Pond, and Car 
 Pond, lie in a chain south-southwest from Poplo- 
 pen's; Cedar Pond and Little Long Pond, No. 1, are 
 east, and Spruce and Truxedo Ponds west of the 
 chain-line ; Nigger Pond is in the extreme southern 
 part of the town. The waters of Two Ponds flow to 
 Poplopen's Creek ; those of Summit Lake, Slaughter's, 
 Craulierry, No. 2, Greenwood, and Round, No. 2, are 
 united for the use of Greenwood furnace, and from 
 thence flow to the Ramapo ; Little Long Pond, No. 1, 
 and Cedar Pond, No. 1, send their waters into Rock- 
 land County and there unite with the Ramapo, while 
 those of Green, Car, Spruce, Truxedo, and Nigger 
 Ponds unite with the same stream in Orange, 
 ."^laughter's Pond is about one mile and a half long 
 and half a mile wide, and Cedar and Little Long 
 Ponds are of nearly the same size. Truxedo Pond is 
 two miles long, north and south. Greenwood, Green, 
 Car, Spruce, and Nigger Ponds are small. Round 
 Pond, No. 2, or Little Round Pond, more nearly re- 
 sembles a vast moat than a ])ond, as a circular wooded 
 island nearly fills its circumference. In most cases 
 the names of these ponds require no explanation ; but 
 of Truxedo it may be remarked that it is apparently 
 a corruption of Truxillo, while the surname, "Duck- 
 cedar," is a misnomer. Hazzard's Pond, in the north 
 part of the town and west from Poplopen's, is about 
 half a mile in diameter. Its outlet, Woodbury Creek, 
 furnishes power to the Highlands Mills; flows thence 
 north through Woodbury Clove and unites with Mur- 
 derer's Creek. Round-island Pond — so named from 
 a round island in it called Chestnut — lies southwest 
 from Hazzard's and near the line of Blooming-Grove. 
 It is about a quarter of a mile wide and three-quarters 
 of a mile long, and is the head of the Ramapo River. 
 Little Long Pond, No. 2, is nearly south from Round- 
 island and near the Chester line. It is about one 
 mile long and a (piarter of a mile wide. Its outlet 
 I'urnishes part of the head- waters of C'romelinc Creek. 
 Momljasha Pond is in the west part of the town, near 
 Warwick. It is from one and a half to two miles in 
 diameter, and contains two or three islands. Its out- 
 let flows northeast and thence south, passing the 
 Southfield works, furnishing power for mills and 
 forges. Its name is presumed to be a corruption of 
 Mombaccus, "the place of death,"— the reference ap- 
 parently being to a burial-ground or a battle-field. 
 
 The Warwick series begin with Stirling Lake in 
 the southeast, covering about sixty acres of land. At 
 its outlet was established, in 1751, by Ward & Colton, 
 
 the Stirling Iron-Works, which have been continued 
 since that time. Gen. William Alexander, Lord 
 Stirling, w.as interested in the works prior to the 
 Revolution, and from him the works and the lake 
 take their name. The outlet of the lake flows into 
 New Jersey. Cedar Pond, No. 2,* lying southeast, 
 unites its waters with the waters of Stirling Lake, 
 above Stirling works. Wickham's Pond, in the north, 
 covers an area of about eighty-five acres. Its outlet 
 is a tributary of Wawayanda Creek. Greenwood 
 Lake is the largest body of water in the town or 
 county. It is about nine miles long and one mile 
 wide ; extends into New Jersey, and is used as a 
 feeder for the Morris Canal. Its original name, Long 
 Pond, although descriptive of its shape, was long 
 enough in use; its present title is the offspring of 
 more cultivated taste. 
 
 Thompson's Pond is in the northwest part of War- 
 wick, east of Florida, and extends into Chester. It 
 covers an area of about one hundred acres. Its out- 
 let furnishes power for grist- and saw-mills, and is a 
 tributary of Quaker Creek. It has recently been re- 
 christened, and is now entered on the map Glenmere 
 Lake, though why "lake" should be added is not 
 clear. " Glen" is a depression between hills ; " mere," 
 a pool or lake. 
 
 Binnenwater, in Greenville, covers about fifty acres, 
 and sends its waters to Rutgers' Creek. It lies about 
 two miles southerly from the village of Mount Hope, 
 about one and one-half miles southeast from Finch- 
 ville, and about one mile south from the boundary line 
 between Mount Hope and Greenville.f At one time it 
 was an important landmark, constituting the south- 
 west corner of the Evans Patent and the southeast 
 line of the Minisink. Haifa century or more later a 
 new line was established for the Evans Patent farther 
 east, the Minisink angle formed, and the pond ex- 
 cluded from the boundary. In the deed to Governor 
 Dongan it is described as " a water pond called Mare- 
 tange ;" in the patent to Evans it is called Merchary, 
 on Sauthier's map, Maretang, — from the German 
 " merche," " mericha," an .aquatic plant of the genus 
 Hippuris vulgaris, having silicious jointed stems. The 
 present name is German ; its correct orthography is 
 Binnenwasser (one word), signifying " inland water." 
 The original title should be restored to the maps of 
 the county for its historic associations, or at least 
 coupled with its more modern name. 
 
 Round Pond, in Wawayanda, is emphatically round. 
 It lies in the south part of the town, near Gardner- 
 ville, and is about one mile in circumference. It 
 is cjear and fresh, very deep, indeed reputedly bot- 
 tomless, and has no visible outlet or inlet. 
 
 * The figures inserted after the names of ponds are to distinguish tliem 
 from otiiers of the same name, of wliicli tliere are several in the county. 
 The poverty of tlie language is so great lliat the donors of these names 
 were probably forced to repetition. 
 
 t This line is the old east-and-weat line of the original counties of 
 Orange and Ulster. New Windsor and Cornwall are also divided by this 
 line. 
 
38 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Big Pond, in Deerpark, is about one mile long 
 and half a mile wide. Its outlet, known as Shingle 
 Kill, passes south and enters the Delaware at Hones- 
 ville. Little Pond, in the same town, lies southeast 
 from Big Pond, and is about one-quarter of a mile in 
 diameter. Its outlet passes south and forms Old-dam 
 Brook, a tributary of the Neversink. 
 
 Washington Lake, in New Windsor, covers seventy- 
 six acres, or, including overflowed swamp, one hundred 
 and seven acres. Its outlet, for some distance, is sub- 
 terraneous, disappearing at the Swallow-hole and 
 emerging at the Trout-hole, — a fall of forty feet. The 
 Newburgh water-works take its waters. For years it 
 was known as Little Pond, and is still so called by 
 many. 
 
 Orange Lake, in Newburgh, covers some four hun- 
 dred acres of land, and is quite deep in places. At 
 different times it has been known as Binnenwasser 
 (by the Germans), Moose's Pond, Machin's Pond 
 (from Capt. Thomas Machin), and Big Pond, the 
 latter giving place to its present title. The Algonquin 
 name was Qussul-, — now rendered Quassaick and ap- 
 plied to its outlet. It is fed by two small streams in 
 addition to strong springs in its bed. The mill-owners 
 on its outlet use it as a reservoir, and during the most 
 severe droughts the supjily has never been exhausted. 
 
 The whole country is remarkably rich in the lacus- 
 trine and marsh alluvions ; indeed, they are more 
 abundant than in any other county in the State, there 
 being probably forty thousand acres.* The principal 
 di.stricts are the Drowned Lands, the Gray-court 
 Meadows, Big Swamp in Newburgh, Great Swamj) in 
 New Windsor, Long Swamp in Warwick, Tamarack 
 and Purgatory Swamps in Hamptonburgh, Cedar 
 Swamp in Goshen and Warwick, Pakadasink Swamp 
 in Greenville, Grassy Swamp in Deerpark, Pine 
 Swamp in Crawford, Barton's Swamp in Cornwall, 
 and the Black Meadows in Chester and Warwick. 
 
 The Drowned Lands extend from the Chechunk 
 outlet in Goshen, through Warwick, Wawayanda, 
 and Minisink, into New Jersey, and cover in the 
 towns named about seventeen thousand acres. They 
 are full of islands of great fertility, some of them of 
 considerable area. Their names are Pine, Great, Pel- 
 let's, Gardner's, Merritt's, Cranberry, Black-walnut, 
 Fox, and Seward. An arm of the lands, known as 
 Cedar Swamp, extends east to near Orange farm, in 
 Goshen. Quaker Creek passes through this arm on 
 the north, and Mounts Adam and Eve adjoin it on 
 the south. The reclamation of the lands has been 
 gradual, and is mainly effected by an outlet, con- 
 structed many years ago, by which a rocky ridge in 
 the bed of the Wallkill was avoided. This outlet has 
 worn its way through the soil until from a simple 
 ditch it has come to contain the principal flow from 
 the lands. Pochuck Creek, Rutgers' Creek, Quaker 
 Creek, and the Wallkill pass through the lands, the 
 
 * Beach's " Cornwall," 175. 
 
 latter for their entire distance in this county. The 
 aboriginal name of the district may well have been 
 Pochuck, — " a large area of land and water." It is 
 presumed, however, that the Indians had no general 
 name, but gave specific titles to different portions of 
 the tract, of which Pochuck and Woerawin only have 
 been preserved. The latter appears in a deed to Dr. 
 Samuel >Staats, in 1703, for a tract not located, but i 
 described as having been found on examination to be j 
 " altogether a swamp." The inference from the term I 
 itself, is that " many good lands" were intended to 
 be conveyed, — probably the islands already named, 
 which then appeared to be worthless. 
 
 The Gray-court Meadows extend from near Craig- ) 
 ville, in Blooming-Grove, into the northern part of' 
 Chester, and embrace about five hundred acres. They 
 are now mainly under cultivation and very fertile. 
 Their name is that originally given by Daniel Crome- 
 line to lus tract in the first division of the Waway- 
 anda Patent,t of which they are a part. Cromeline 
 Creek passes through and drains these meadows. \ 
 
 The Black Meadows extend through Chester on the | 
 
 northwest and into Warwick east of Thompson's j 
 Pond. They embrace an area of one thousand acres, ' 
 through which runs the Black-meadow Creek. i 
 
 The Long Swamp, in Warwick, southwest from 
 Edenville, covers about one thousand acres, and is 
 drained from the south into New Jersey. 
 
 The Tamarack and Purgatory Swamps, in Hamp- 
 tonburgh, are of considerable extent, and are drained 
 by a small sluggish .stream. The latter is represented 
 as having been originally a dismal swamp, from which 
 fact Mr. Peter Bull, its owner, gave the name, bestow- 
 ing at the same time upon his own residence that of 
 Paradise. I 
 
 The Grassy Swamp, in Deerpark, extends from Sul- 
 livan County to the Mongaup. It is a low, wet swamp, 
 overgrown with long, coarse grass. Grassy-swamp 
 Brook passes through it. 
 
 The Big Swamp, in Newburgh, takes its name from 
 Big Pond (Orange Lake), which it adjoins. It 
 stretches from the LTlster County line to the lake, and 
 was probably originally an extension of the lake to 
 the north as well as south of its present bordei-s, which, 
 if all under water, would add three times to its present 
 length. Bushfleld Creek passes through the swamp 
 to the lake. 
 
 The Great Swamp, in New Windsor, lies in the 
 northwest part of the town, near Coldenham. The 
 Arackhook or Tinn Brock passes through it. 
 
 The Great Pine Swamp commences near Howell's, 
 on the Erie Railroad, and extends northward and 
 eastward seven miles in the town of Wallkill, liaving 
 in its area many oases and cultivated farms. Part of 
 
 t Three of the original divisions of the patent retain the names be- I 
 stowed by tlieir proprietoi-s, viz. ; Gosheij, Warwicll, and Gray-court. It | 
 is perliaps needless to say that tlie story of an inn, a sign, and a court is ^ j 
 pure iiction. ^ j 
 
 J Eager's " Orange County," 611. | 
 
GEOGKAPHICAL NOMENCLATURE. 
 
 39 
 
 its overflow passes into the Shawangunk Kill, south 
 of Bloomiiigburgh. 
 
 The Little Pine Swamp lies east of Thompson 
 Ridge and Pine Bush, in Crawford, extending north- 
 ward into Ulster. Its surplus waters assist in swell- 
 ing the volume of the Dvvaars Kill. 
 
 The Pakadasink Swamp, in Greenville (on lands of 
 Isaac M. Seybolt and others), is the head of the Big 
 Pakadasink or Shawangunk Kill, as that stream was 
 formerly known and described. The Little Binnen- 
 water Swamp, aUo in Greenville, lies directly south 
 from the village of Mount Hope. A small stream 
 flows from it southwesterly and connects with the out- 
 let of Binnenwater Pond, the latter uniting with Rut- 
 gers' Creek. 
 
 The Barton Swamp, in Cornwall, is inconsiderable 
 in size, compared with the others named. Peat of a 
 fair quality is taken from it. 
 
 Marl and peat beds are found in several localities, 
 from which portions and in some cases entire skele- 
 tons of the mastodon have been exhumed. The first 
 exhumation of record was in 1794, the second in 1800, 
 the third in 1803, the fourth in 1805, the fifth in 1838, 
 the sixth in 1844, the seventh in 1845, the eighth in 
 the same year, the ninth in 1872. The skeleton of 
 1845, exhumed from a marl bed near Coldenham, 
 was complete and weighed nineteen hundred and 
 ninety-five pounds. It is now in the Boston Mu- 
 seum. The one exhumed in 1872, in the town of 
 Mount Hope, was also complete. Its weight was 
 about seventeen hundred pounds. It is now in the 
 New Haven Museum. 
 
 The boundary streams of the county are the Hud- 
 son on the northeast, the Delaware and ]Mongaup on 
 the west, and the Shawangunk on the northwest. Of 
 the first, the Hudson, it is not necessary to speak. Its 
 aboriginal name, Mahicanituk, was that of a particu- 
 lar division rather than of the entire stream. The 
 principal harbor on it, within what may be called the 
 waters of Orange County, is at Newburgh, where it 
 expands into a bay one mile and a quarter in width, 
 sheltered by the Highlands from " all winds save an 
 east-northeast wind," as Hudson wrote in 1609. For 
 the convenience of commerce, principal landing- 
 places or wharves have been established at New- 
 burgh, Cornwall, and West Point, and for more local 
 trade at Hampton, New Windsor, Cozzens', Fort 
 Montgomery, etc. The water-front of the city of 
 Newburgh is without a rival on the river, the channel 
 being abrupt and the depth ample to float the largest 
 vessels. 
 
 The Delaware, on the west, touches the county for 
 only a short distance. Like the Hudson, it had no 
 general aboriginal name, — LeiiapeivihUuk being ap- 
 plied to it at Philadelphia, while above and below 
 Port Jervis it was known and called by the Indians 
 Minuing, — literally " a river of islands."* Beyond 
 
 * MinniJi and SHnsiM are entirely two different words, — the first eigni- 
 fying island, tlie second wolf. Some writers confuse tbe terms and give 
 
 rafting it has no commerce at this point, and is 
 crossed by railroad and foot bridges. 
 
 The Mougaup River, the dividing line between 
 Orange and Sullivan, is properly in Sullivan County, 
 the line of Orange running "to" and "along" its 
 course. Mr. Quinlan, in his " History of Sullivan 
 County," says it was originally known as the Min- 
 gap-ach-ka. Mongawping or Mingwing is better au- 
 thenticated, — implying a plurality of streams, com- 
 prehending the three branches of which it is com- 
 posed. Its present name, as already stated, is jiresumed 
 to be Dutch. It appears in the early records, Mon- 
 gaap. 
 
 The Shawangunk Kill, on the northwest, has its 
 head in Pakadasink Swamp, in the town of Green- 
 ville, passes through the town of Mount Hope, and 
 upon the line between Ulster and Orange, running a 
 northeast course to the Wallkill, in Ulster County. 
 Its present name has already been explained. Like 
 other streams, — and, it may be said, all streams, moun- 
 tains, etc., — it had no general name, but was specifi- 
 cally divided, Achsiniuk being recorded in one local- 
 ity and Pakadasink in another. In the deed to Gov- 
 ernor Dongan it is described as " the river called 
 Peakadasink," and in the act of 1762, dividing Wall- 
 kill Precinct, the line is described as extending 
 "to the Pakadasink River or Shawangunk Kill." In 
 another paper of nearly the same date, it is said, as 
 well understood evidence, "Nothing could more 
 plainly point out where that pond lies (Maretange) 
 than the river Pakadasink, which takes its rise oppo- 
 site to the said pond and extends along the foot of 
 the said hills from a place called Pokanasink, and 
 from that place to the head of the said river, 
 and nowhere else, the said river is called by that 
 name." 
 
 How the river lost a name so well established is 
 explained by the papers relating to the bounds of 
 the Miuisink Patent. Having succeeded in spreading 
 their line, the proprietors of that patent found it 
 necessary to obliterate its old landmarks. A general 
 change of names ensued : Maretange Pond was lo- 
 cated on Sam's Point ; the Big and Little Pakadasink 
 Kills (the latter now called the Little Shawangunk 
 Kill) were shifted to the same vicinity, and to make 
 the whole apparently and entirely consistent, two 
 small streams in Crawford received the names respec- 
 tively of Big and Little Pakadasink, that it might not 
 be missed in its ancient neighborhood. The original 
 name contained equivalents signifying "swamps," and 
 being generic, may be applied wherever the corre- 
 sponding topography exists. f 
 
 The principal streams passing through or entirely 
 
 the latter as the derivative of Minisink. The explanatory tradition that 
 either name originated from the breaking through of the waters at the 
 Delaware Water Gap is not well founded. 
 
 f It will be observed by those familiar with the district that the to- 
 pography in this case corresponds almost precisely. It is not assumed 
 that the name is in itself improperly applied to its present locations; it 
 is strictly correct. 
 
40 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 included in the county are the Neversink, the Wall- 
 kill, the Otterkill or Murderer's Creek, and the Eam- 
 apo. 
 
 The Neversink receives its head-waters from north- 
 western Ulster and northern Sullivan. It runs south 
 and southeast into the town of Deerpark to near 
 Cuddebackville, and thence turns south and south- 
 west until it joins the Delaware near Carpenter's 
 Point, where it is about two hundred feet wide. It is 
 a never-failing stream. Its name has been explained 
 in another connection. Its principal tributaries are 
 Basha's Kill and Old-dam Brook (Uuwedam Kill). 
 The former rises in Sullivan County, and is about 
 seventy feet wide. Its name is from an Indian squaw- 
 sachem called Basha Bashiba, who lived on its banks, 
 near Westbrookville.* Old-dam Brook is the outlet 
 of Little Pond. Its name is from an old dam erected 
 upon it by Indians or beavers, which caused its waters 
 to overflow a large tract of land. About half a mile 
 above its junction with the Neversink, it falls over 
 six hundred feet in the course of a mile, and is called 
 Fall Brook. 
 
 The Wallkill rises in Wantage, Sussex Co., N. J., 
 flows through the Drowned Lands into Grange, where 
 it forms the dividing line between Warwick and Min- 
 isink, Goshen and Wawayanda, Hamptonburgh and 
 Wallkill, passes through the town of Montgomery 
 into Ulster County, and thence to the Hudson River 
 at Kondout. Its course is northeast, the plane of ele- 
 vation upon which it runs being from Sussex County 
 in New Jersey, descending gradually to near Esopus 
 in Ulster. It is a durable stream, and furnishes ex- 
 tensive hydraulic power throughout its course. Its 
 current is not rapid, except at Walden, where it 
 passes over a fall of about forty feet.f Its aboriginal 
 name is not known, but the presumption is in favor of 
 Warranawonkong. Its present name is unquestion- 
 ably from the Huguenots or Walloons who settled 
 New Paltz, it being repeatedly entered in the records 
 as " <AeWalls or Paltz River."t Its principal branche? 
 are the Long-house-Wawayanda-Warwick-Pochuck 
 Creek, Quaker Creek, Rutgers' Creek, Tinn Brock, 
 McCorlin's Kill, Muddy Kill, and Dwaars Kill. 
 Long-house Creek rises in New Jersey, and runs 
 north until it receives the outlet of Wickham's Pond ; 
 
 • Quinlan's " History of Sullivan County," 423. In the Swartwout 
 Patent the stream is called the Assawaghkemeck, from " wasaa," light 
 or foaming, and " cck," rocks,— literally, the " light waters," reference 
 heing made to the fall. " Basha's Kil" is Dutch. " Basha's land" was 
 one of the honudaries of the Slinisink Patent, 1704. She was not a 
 mythical character. 
 
 fThe fall at Walden was called Hasdisch hy the Indians,— a term in 
 ■which " dangerous" is expressed. 
 
 J This explanation of the origin of the name by the EeT. James E. 
 ■Wilson, D.D., is fully sustained hy the records discovered since he 
 wrote. 
 
 It may he added that, although now written Wallkill, the name is 
 strictly two words, mjlle and kil. In this work the local orthography has 
 been followed in Wallkill, Otterkill, etc., as heing too tirmly established 
 to suffer correction. The word "creek," applied to a stream of water, 
 is quite as incorrect as " kill ;" yet Webster admits its use to be estab- 
 lished "in some American States." 
 
 from thence it forms the Wawayanda or Warwick 
 Creek, and flows southwest through the village of 
 Warwick into New Jersey, where it becomes Pochuck 
 Creek, returns to the county, and unites its waters 
 with the Wallkill in the Drowned Lands. The names 
 which it bears are explained in other connections, 
 with the exception of " Long-house," the European 
 title for the peculiar dwellings which the Indians oc- 
 cupied, one of which stood upon its banks.? Quaker 
 Creek has its principal head in Thompson's Pond. 
 It flows west, forms the boundary Hue between Goshen 
 and Warwick, receives several small tributary streams, 
 and unites with the Wallkill in the Drowned Lands. 
 Rutgers' Creek has its extreme western head in the 
 town of Greenville, flows thence southeasterly to 
 Waterloo Mills, in Minisink; thence northeast to 
 Rutgers' Place, where it unites with its northern 
 head. The latter rises in Wallkill, flows thence south 
 to Millsburgh, receiving in its course the outlet of 
 Binnenwater Pond and Binuenwater Swamp, and 
 Boudinot's and Tunkamoes ("small stream") Creeks, 
 in Wawayanda and Minisink. From MilLsburgh it is 
 the boundary line between Wawayanda and Minisink. 
 It enters the Wallkill at Merritt's Island. Its name 
 is from Anthony Rutgers, || one of the proprietors of 
 the Wawayanda Patent, from whom also Rutgers' 
 Place {the residence of the late Dr. M. H. Cash) 
 takes its name. Boudinot's Creek,1| its largest afilu- 
 ent, flows through Greenville to the southeast corner 
 of Mount Hope, thence southeast to its junction in 
 Wawayanda. Monhagen Creek flows southeast 
 through Middletown and enters the Wallkill north- 
 east from New Hampton. It is now the source from 
 which Middletown is supplied with water. McCor- 
 lin's Kill, or McNeal's Kill,** rises in Crawford, flows 
 south, passes through Mechanictown, and enters the 
 Wallkill one mile and a half above Stony-ford bridge. 
 Dwaars Kill has its rise in the town of Wallkill, 
 flows northeast through Crawford, and enters the 
 Wallkill in Ulster County. Its name is Dutch (origi- 
 nally Dwaars Stroom), and means "a stream that 
 
 g These dwellings wore formed by long, slender hickory saplings sot 
 in the ground in a straight line of two rows, as far asunder as they in- 
 tended the width to be, and continued as far as they intended tlie length 
 to be. The poles were then bent forward in the form of an arch and 
 secured together, giving the appearance of a garden arbor. Split poles 
 were then lashed to the sides and roof, and over these bark was placed. 
 Barely exceeding twenty feet in width, these dwellings were someUmes 
 six hundred and fifty feet long, and were occupied by an indefinite num- 
 ber of families. 
 
 II There is not the slightest foundatien for the statement (Eager, 418) 
 that Kutgei-s " is an English corruption of Rutkys, the Indian name." 
 The I'Mer is a corruption of the former, and a very bald one. Rutgers 
 was a member of the Assembly, 1726-27. 
 
 It Mr. Eager enters the name " Bandegot." It now appears on the 
 maps " Indigot." The correct orthography is Boudinot, from EUas 
 Boudinot, a proprietor of the Wawayanda Patent. Boudinot would not 
 have deemed it possible his name could he so transposed. 
 
 ** Mr. Eager (346) gives the name " McCormick's Kill," and (354) 
 "McCorlin's Kill." The latter has been entered on the maps of the 
 county. We are informed that the stream was known years ago as 
 " McNeal's Kill," from John McXeal, who had a grist-mill on it as early 
 probalily as 170U. McCorlin is a mythical person. 
 
GEOGRAPHICAL NOMENCLATURE. 
 
 41 
 
 runs across" or unites " with another."* The Tinn 
 Brock was called by the Indians Ar.aclchook or Akh- 
 gook, the Algonquin term for snake, the reference no 
 doubt being to its extremely sinuous course, which 
 resembles the contortions of a snake when thrown 
 upon a fire. Its present name is from the Saxon 
 words Thynne, "thin or small," and £roe, " running 
 water less than a river," — a small brook. It rises in 
 New Windsor, south of Coldenham, but does not take 
 its name until after it crosses the Cochecton turnpike, 
 runs north and west, and enters the Wallkill half a 
 mile below Walden. Muddy Kill (Dutch, Modder : 
 Kil, — literally, Muddy Kill) flows from the eastern 
 slope of the Comfort hills and runs south to the Wall- 
 kill above Montgomery. The mischievous chorogra- 
 pher now writes its name " Mother Kill." 
 
 The Otterkill rises in the north part of Chester, 
 and passes through the East Division of Goshen into 
 Hamptonburgh, where it was called Denn Creek,t 
 from Christopher Denn, one of the proprietors of the 
 Wawayanda Patent. At La Grange it flows upon 
 nearly the same level with the Wallkill, the two 
 streams being within a mile of each other at this 
 point. Through Hamj)tonburgh it runs around the 
 base of the hills in the form of a half circle ; thence 
 into Blooming-Grove, and in a serpentine course 
 through Washingtonville to Salisbury Mills, where, 
 meeting the mountain ledges, it passes over a fall into 
 a deep chasm, which it follows through rocks and 
 crags and continues to the Hudson. Its name is pre- 
 sumed to have been bestowed from the otters which 
 were found in it at the early settlement of the county. 
 Its largest tributaries are Cromeline Creek, Gold- 
 smith Creek, Colemantown Creek, Beaver-dam Creek, 
 Schunemunk Creek, Woodbury Creek, and Canter- 
 bury Brook. Cromeline Creek receives its principal 
 head-waters from Little Long Pond, No. 2, in Mon- 
 roe; flows thencS through Chester and the western 
 part of Blooming-Grove to its junction with the Ot- 
 terkill in the northwest part of the latter town. 
 Schunemunk Creek rises in the southeast part of 
 Blooming-Grove ; flows northwest and northeast 
 around the hills, and joins the Otterkill above Wash- 
 ingtonville. On some maps it is called Satterly's 
 Creek. Woodbury Creek has its principal head in 
 Hazzard's Pond, in Monroe. It receives the outlet of 
 Sutherland's Pond ; flows northeast through Wood- 
 bur\- Clove, and enters the Otterkill at Orr's Mills, 
 in Cornwall. Canterbury Brook rises in the Cornwall 
 Highlands ; flows northeast through the village of 
 Canterbury, and enters the Otterkill (under the name 
 
 * "The DwaarB StruomuoiteB witli or flows across the Wallkill: hence 
 the name indicate^j that fact or circumstance, and becomes tlie character- 
 istic of the river." — Dr. E. B. O^C<itt(irjhan. The tradition given by Eager 
 (334), that the name is from an Indian chief, has no other foundation 
 than the jMissibiiity that there was an Indian nicknamed Dwasa. 
 
 t Tile following from tlie Mapes' deed (1727) established the early use of 
 both titles : " Lyin'g on the west side of the Otterkill, known as the Den- 
 nekiU." The latter may well be preserved as a memorial of the first 
 settler on that part of the Wawayanda Patent. 
 
 of Idlewild Brook) near the Hudson. Goldsmith 
 Creek rises in Little Britain and runs south to the 
 Otterkill above Washingtonville; Colemantown Creek 
 also flows south and enters above the same place. 
 Beaver-dam Creek rises in Montgomery, and passes 
 south through low meadows from near Goodwill 
 Church to its junction at Campbell Hall. Its head- 
 water is a spring of several yards in diameter and of 
 unknown depth ; its name is from an old beaver 
 damj near Campbell Hall. From its junction with 
 Cromeline Creek east to the Hudson, the Otterkill 
 loses its name and is called Murderer's Creek and the 
 Moodna, the latter a Willisian designation. To the 
 early Dutch traders it was known as the " Waora- 
 neck;" subsequently, as the "Martelaer's Rack 
 Creek ;" after 1656, as " the Murderer's Creek." It is 
 assumed by some writers that the latter was derived 
 from its immediately preceding title, signifying a 
 bafliing, struggling reach or course in the navigation 
 of the Hudson, bounded on the north by this creek 
 and on the south by Martelaer's Rock, opposite West 
 Point ; by others, that it was bestowed as a memorial 
 of some act of hostility by the Waoranecks during 
 the early Indian wars ; but superior, in local estima- 
 tion, to philology or probability, is the explana- 
 tion given by Paulding in his beautiful tradition of 
 Naoman, his faithfulness and his fate, pointing un- 
 waveringly to Maringoman as the author of a horrid 
 massacre.^ 
 
 Quassaick Creek is composed of the outlet of Orange 
 Lake and of the Fostertown and Tent Stone Meadow 
 Creeks. It flows southeasterly through the western 
 part of the town of Newburgh, and forms the bound- 
 ary line between the city of Newburgh and the town 
 of New Windsor. Its name (Quassaick) signifies 
 stony brook. Its water-power is very durable and is 
 largely employed. Fostertown Creek rises in Ulster 
 County, and flows southerly through the central part 
 of the town of Newburgh. It is called Fostertown 
 Creek until it reaches Gidneytown, when it takes the 
 latter name. Tent Stone Meadow Creek rises in a 
 large swamp in Ulster County, known many years 
 ago as the Tent Stone Meadow. It flows southerly 
 and empties into the Quassaick at the Powder Mills. 
 Bushfield Creek, one of the feeders of Orange Lake, 
 and necessarily of Quassaick Creek, rises in a swamp 
 in Ulster County, known as the Stone Dam Meadow. 
 Its original name was Beaver-dam Creek. 
 
 I From the remains of the dams which they conetructed, the streams of 
 the county apparently abounded in beavere at the time of the discovery, 
 though now extinct. 
 
 g " In ancient Dutch days it was known as the Martelaer's Rack, or 
 Martyr's Reach. The Dutch navigators divided the river into reaches, to 
 which they gave descriptive names. They found here (West Point) a 
 rocky point nearly at right angles with the current, and, when sailing 
 with a fair west wind, encountered, on passing it, the wind ' dead ahead,* 
 compelling them to beat or struggle with it. Hence the name Martelaer, 
 signifying contending or struggling. The tradition which converts the 
 name into a memorial of deeds of violence, on the part of the Indians, is 
 entirely worthless." — /. J. JlonelVs Hand-hook. 
 
42 
 
 lUSTOllY OF OUANliE COUNTY, NEW VoltK. 
 
 The Rnmnpf) Rivor hns its head in 'Round-islnnd 
 I'oml ill MoiiiiH", ami tlows tlionco soutlu-rly tliroujjh 
 Kiiuiiipo Viilloy into Hiu'kliiiul Ooiinly. It loooivos 
 tlic (iiitlol-s of tliirtoon of llii- niountniii poiuls silroady 
 i\iinn'd : lumnd-isliind, Sumuiil, SIniiglitoi's. I'laii- 
 liorry, No. :;, (.Sioeiwvood, Kound, Little Long, Codar, 
 Oivou, Car, Sprueo, Tnixcdo, and Nigger. It enters 
 the Tassaie Hiver near Tonipton Plains, N..T. There 
 is no stream in tlie world like it. 
 
 Poplopen's I'ri'ek is loniiioseil of tlie ontlets ol" 
 ro|>loiieu's, Konnd, No. 1, Long, Hull, Cranberry, No. 
 1. and Two I'onds. It.s eoui-se is soullu'a.st to the 
 Hudson. (.Jneenshorough Hrook andtr^iekhosten's Kill 
 tuow ealletl !ft(n\y Urookl are its tributjiries. 
 
 The trihutjiries of the Hudson, aside from tha<e 
 already named, are small streams, i>riin'ipally in Now- 
 luirgh. The Nevei-sink and the Shingle Kill flow into 
 the Delaware in I>eeri>ark.--the formerat Carpenter's 
 Toint,* and the latter at llonesville. Orassy-swamp 
 l?r»iok, in the same town, unites with the Mongaup ; 
 the latter unites with the Delaware ahout six miles 
 northerly iVoni Carpenter's Voint. The Little Shawan- 
 gunk Kill anil the Hig and Little Vakadasink are 
 tributaries of the Shawangnnk. One braneh of the 
 former rises half a mile ea.sterly I'lvm the village of 
 Mount Hope, and is n\ct, about a mile east from that 
 village, by a hraneh from the town of Wallkill ; tlows 
 thenee through the town northeasterly until it strikes 
 the line of the town of \Vallkill ; thenee northwest 
 to its juuetion with the Shawangunk in the latter 
 town. It was originally known as the " Little Taka- 
 dasiuk," as has been already stated. The present l>ig 
 I'akadasiuk and Little I'akadtisink are in the town 
 of Craw t'ord, and tlow north to the Shawangunk. In 
 the Crawl'ord dialeet they are ealled the Kig and the 
 Little ■■ l*augh-eangh-nangh-sing." the most prolix 
 orthography of the original name on iveord. 
 
 The islands of the Hudson lying opposite the lines 
 of the eounty ai-o Toleber's, now ealled Pallopel's; 
 Martelaer's Roek, now Constitution, and Manaha- 
 waghkin. now ealled Tona. Though not under the 
 jurisdietion of the eounty. their position in its water- 
 seape entitles tlunu to reeogaition in its topography. 
 
 OI.IM.\TE. 
 Newburgh is in 41'' SO' north latitude, and is ele- 
 vated one hundred and titty feet above tide-water. 
 Frxmi oliservations nxade for thirteen sueeessive years, 
 tlie mean temperature has been found to be 5l>° U>'. 
 In Cioshen. situated in latitude 41'-^ 20'. and elevated 
 four hundred and twenty-tive feet above tide-water, 
 observations made for eight years show a mean tem- 
 perature of 4i>'' U>'. Ditl'erenee between Newburgh 
 iu>d Gt^hen ninety-four minutes. At Newbui-gh the 
 period between fnv<ts,tliOttgU variable, h»sU>«ukuown 
 
 • Aiviut ,<( l»inl i««itf l>.v 111* jiUK-liou i>f the Sovetsiiik «ml th» DeK 
 «\VMV Ki\\<r*, just sv>utl> i>f IVrt J«irvis. Th« Tii-Slal<'s Kivk, niarking 
 til* tvunJw.v l^t»>vu Sow \\>rk, Kr« Jorwy, »n,t IVmisj Ivaiun, is ou 
 this ivxint. 
 
 to be from the fitli of May to the 29th of Septen\ber, — 
 one hundred and forty-six days. At Goshen frosts 
 have been notieed as late as the 1st of June, and as 
 early as the -t>th of September, — oiu' hundred ami 
 eleven days. Uilt'erenee between periods of frost, 
 thirty-livedays. .Vt Newburgh the shadbnsh bloomed 
 April 24th, the peaeh April 28d, tlio plum May 1st, I 
 the eherry April 27th, the apple May (ith : strawher- \ 
 ries ripened dune 10th ; haying eommeneed July 4th ; 
 wheat harvest emnmeneed .Inly 17th ; the fn-st killing 
 frost September 2;>th. At Goshen the shadbnsh 
 bloomed .Vpril 27th, the peaeli .\pril 28lli, the plum | 
 May 4tli, the eherry April 2!'th, and the apide May I 
 iUh ; haying eommeneed July Sth ; the wheat harvest • 
 July 21st; the tirst killing frost September 20th, The j 
 observations made at Newburgh show the temperature | 
 of the eastern part of the eounty, while those made 
 at tioshen nniy be applied to the eentral. On the 
 ejistern slope of the Shawangunk range, representing 
 the western part of the eounty, the temperature is 
 from two to four degrees less than at Newburgh ; at 
 the top of the range full five degrees less. 
 
 The temperature of the eastern and southern por- 
 tions of the eounty is atl'eeted in some degree by the 
 shelter afforded in the n\ountain ranges; the former 
 also by the tides of the Hudson. The Highlands, for 
 many years exempt from taxation by reiuson of their 
 unfitness for etiltivation, are an inealenlahle advan- 
 tase to Newburgh, New Windsor, and Cornwall ; they 
 ell'eetually break the foree of all winds save from the 
 east-northeast. Thousands of invalids may be found 
 in those towns, as permanent residents or as boarders, 
 brought thither by this peeutiarity in situation. The 
 poet N. r. Willis, fi-om his experienee of twenty years 
 as a eonsumptive, found no language too strong in 
 whieh to eommend the hygienie virtues of the High- 
 lands, The entire mountain system of the eounty 
 has more or less etl'eet on its elimate. In the eeonomy 
 of nature, enrrents of air gjither around the ranges; 
 are foreinl upwanl to a lower temperature, and pre- 
 eipitation ensues, while the atmospherie eondensation 
 pi-odnees a loeal heat beyond the natural temperature. 
 For this reason most of the eloves are more temperate 
 than their elevation and latitude would otherwise 
 warnmt; those opening towards the soutb espeeially 
 
 so. 
 
 «EOLOrtY, Kn-.f 
 
 Tn^bably no eounty in the State presents more in- 
 teresting geologieal t'ealures than Orange. The roeks 
 of the Highlands are granite, gneiss, and sienite, 
 with veins of tn\p. The eentral portions of the 
 eounty are oeenpied with strata of Hamilton shales, 
 Helderberg limestones and grit. Mtnlina sandstone, 
 and the gray sandstones, all extending frvim tl»e 
 northeast to the southwest, fron\ the east t'oot of the 
 Shawangunk Mountains, The roeks whieh eompose 
 the Shawangunk Mountains are the shales and the 
 
 t Hortun's Mid Mmlior's Sunrf.\-s consiiItDd. 
 
GEOLOGY, ETC. 
 
 43 
 
 ean'liitoneg of the Chemung group. The red shales 
 and grit>s of the Cat«ki)l group are seen at the falls of 
 the ."^hingle Kill in Deerjjark. The Erie diviBion are 
 found from the Delaware River, along the west side 
 of Mamaltating Hollow. .Some of the rocks of this 
 divii'ion, near Port .Jervis, are upturned at a high an- 
 gle; other-, t(>wardH Cuddebackville and Ellenville, 
 are more indurated and seem almost trappean. The 
 geological series descend southwest to the primary 
 rocks of the Pochuck Mountains. The Helderberg 
 division extends through the county, on the Mama- 
 kating Valley, by Cuddebackville, to Carpenter's , 
 Point on the Delaware. The limestones of this di- 
 vision are all upturned, oft<.'n at a very high angle, 
 in the town of Deerjiark, where they form a range of 
 low mountains, rising from the level of the Xever- 
 sink to half the elevation of the Shawangunk. A 
 limestone, containing fossils of this division, is also 
 found in the town of Cornwall, between the village 
 of Canterbury and .'Salisbury Mills. Its position is 
 between the slate and grit rock ; its dip in to the south- 
 east. 
 
 The Shawangunk grit of the Ontario division ex- 
 tends on the top of the Shawangunk Mountains from 
 New Jersey to near Kingston. The thickness of 
 these grits varies from sixty U) one hundred and fifty 
 feet. They have been ased as millstones, known as 
 " Esopus millstones."* A pyritous grit, in the form 
 of bowlders, is scattered over the county. Rocks 
 similar in character to the Shawangunk grit, and the 
 interstratified and overlaying red rocks, extend from 
 the Jersey line on the west side of Greenwood Lake 
 northeast to Canterbury in Cornwall. They are also 
 found at Pine Hill. This hill is primitive, and here 
 the grit rock inclines against it and rests upon it. 
 The grit rock is regularly stratified, and dips to the 
 southeast; is of all colors from white to red. It ex- 
 ten<ls from Round Hill four miles, to Woodcock 
 Mountain. It is also found in the southeast base of 
 Schunemunk, interstratified with graywacke and 
 slate; also at Pine Hill. Here the rock is red, 
 and can be quarried in blocks suitable for building. 
 The Bellvale Mountains, in Warwick, on the south- 
 east side, are comiwsed of graywacke ; also the Schune- 
 munk in Blooming-Grove, the Goose-pond Moun- 
 tain, and the Sugar-loaf. Quarries of blue and red 
 Btone abound in Schunemunk and Pine Hill. 
 
 In the Champlain division is the "Hudson River 
 series — slate grouj)," — which consists of slates, shales, 
 grits, limestones, breccias, and conglomerates, — some- 
 times designated as graywacke slate, graywacke 
 shale, graywakce, and slaty graywacke. They con- 
 tain facets and testacea, of which a few are seen 
 at the falls of the Wallkill, near Walden, at Orange 
 Lake, and at Sugar-loaf The Hudson River group 
 of rocks occupies a large extent of the surface of 
 
 • These millBtoneii were the Sret that were quarried In the province, 
 and were regarded a» guperiur to those iuiixjrted from Europe. 
 
 the county. Its general direction is northeast and 
 southwest. It« dij) is uniform to the southeast, in 
 mme places thirty degrees, in others nearly vertical. 
 It extends from the Hudson River through AVanvick 
 to the .Jersey line, and on the west side of the Wall- 
 kill, from New Jersey to L'lster County; and in all 
 this range there is no rock r»-ting upon it. It forms 
 the bank of the Hudson River from Cornwall Land- 
 ing to four miles above Xewburgh, and it is always 
 seen stratified with graywacke and graywacke slate. 
 In this form it is found at Walden, below Montgom- 
 ery, in Mount Hope, at Xewburgh, and towards Hamp- 
 ton. In the town of Warwick, near the .Jersey line, 
 it forms a cuneiform termination, the limestone sur- 
 rounding it on both sides. From this the argillite 
 widens into an elevated ridge of rich land, called 
 Long Ridge, which extends into Goshen. It forms 
 the surface rock of most of Goshen, Blooming-Grove, 
 parts of Cornwall, Xew Windsor, Xewburgh, Mont- 
 gomery, Hamptonburgh, Crawford, Wallkill, and in 
 Mount Hope and Minisink, quite to the top of the 
 Shawangunk Mountains. The Utica slate is found 
 on the banks of the Hudson, above Newburgh. It Ls 
 of dark color, and in some places black, and highly 
 carbonaceous. 
 
 The Trenton limestone is found near Mount Look- 
 out ; also in the town of Hamptonburgh, where it is 
 full of the fossil shells of the very early periods of 
 animal life. In that neighborhood it Ls called the 
 " Neelytown limestone." Black River limestone is 
 found a few miles from Goshen, Mount Lookout 
 being entirelj' composed of it. It is also found on 
 Big Island, in the Drowned Lands, on Pochuck Xeck, 
 and in Minisink west of the Drowned Lands. A 
 blue limestone, sometimes sparry and checkered, 
 commences on the bank of the Hudson at Hamp- 
 ton ; it is about one mile in width northwest and 
 southeast, and passes southwesterly through Xew- 
 burgh intf) Xew Windsor, disappearing in the vicinity 
 of Washington Lake. The elevated point of thLs rock 
 at Hampton is in the vicinit)' of the Dans Kammer. 
 It is also found east of Salisbury Mills in Cornwall, 
 and is visible through Blooming-Grove and Warwick 
 to the .State line ; also in the north part of Monroe, 
 north of Greenwood Furnace, and extends .southwest 
 to near Greenwood Lake; also in Cornwall, near 
 Ketcham's Mill, and in Goshen, two and a half miles 
 from the village, extending from the Wallkill south- 
 west to Glenmere. The western edge of this bed 
 underlays the Drowned Lands, and passes along the 
 northwestern margin of the white limestone of War- 
 wick ; here it divides into two branches on each side 
 of the primitive rock, and passes into New Jersey. 
 This limestone also interlocks with the argillite 
 ridges, as at near Goshen. Limestone of the oolitic 
 character is found on Big Island, near Xew Milford, 
 and on Pochuck Xeck. The edges of that found in 
 some perpendicular cliffs at the latter place are ex- 
 posed in layers one above the other ; some are of 
 
44 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 the usual character ; others are oolitic, but the round 
 granules are bluish-white quartz; others slaty, ap- 
 proaching the calciferous state, and others are of a 
 ribbon-like appearance. 
 
 Below the New York transition system lies the 
 "Taeonic system," consisting of slates, limestones, 
 and granular quartz rocks. Slate rocks of this sys- 
 tem are found four miles north of Newburgh, near a 
 small hill of granite rock. The limestone between the 
 Highlands and Goose-pond Mountain, and also about 
 Bellvale, belong to this system. Metamorphic rocks 
 consist of limestones that are granular, dolomitized, 
 and stratified, — color, white, blue, and red ; of slates 
 that are talcose, argillaceous, micaceous, and horn- 
 blende ; and of sandstones that are changed to gran- 
 ular quartz rocks, eurite, and gneiss. In their several 
 deposits all the changes from the gray and blue lime- 
 stone are traced into the perfect crystallized limestone, 
 containing the various crystallized minerals, which 
 give them their metamorphic character. There is a 
 white limestone of this varietj- ranging from Jlounts 
 Adam and Eve, in Warwick, to Andover, in New 
 Jersey. It is developed in a succession of narrow 
 ridges of only a few rods in width, and is separated 
 by masses of other rocks of granite, sienite, and 
 granular quartz. Hornblende rock and augite are 
 scattered all around. This white limestone is rarely 
 stratified, and in some places runs into the blue and 
 gray limestone, which is fossiliferous in some in- 
 stances and oolitic in others. The white limestone 
 forms the shore of the Drowned Lands at Amity. 
 In some localities it is snow-white, translucent, and 
 compact, like Parian marble. Plumbago and mica 
 are found in it, and also a great variety of minerals. 
 Northeast of the Amity church, on a small knoll, are 
 found calcareous spar, rhomb spar, yellow brucite, 
 xanthite, talc, black and ruby spinelle, cocolite. 
 About one mile southwest of Amity is specular iron 
 ore and serpentine; veinsofscapolite are found south- 
 west of this place, and about a mile north the lime- 
 .stone is filled with brucite of various colors, magnetic 
 oxide of iron, hornblende, and serpentine. At the 
 south base of Mount Eve, in an old mine-hole, fine 
 crystals of green and brown hornblende are found. 
 At another place is a vein of arsenical iron. The 
 same kind of limestone is found near Fort Mont- 
 gomery, in the Highlands (in the gorge through 
 which the creek passes into the Hudson), at or near 
 Forest of Dean ; thence it is traced by way of Little 
 Round Pond towards Greenwood Furnace and across 
 the Ramapo. It is also seen southwest of Queens- 
 borough Furnace in limited extent. These beds also 
 contain the minerals above named. 
 
 The primary rocks of the county consist of gneiss 
 and hornblende granite, sienite, limestone, serpen- 
 tine, augite, and trappean. Among these rocks there 
 are no continuous ridges of mountains of more than 
 a few miles in length, in consequence of the interrup- 
 tions caused by the dislocations and the lateral up- 
 
 heavals of masses of the strata. Ridge succeeds ridge, 
 each of which runs out and diminishes until it disap- 
 pears below the rocks of a more recent origin. 
 
 The primitive rocks extend from Butter Hill to 
 Fort Montgomery, thence along the line of the 
 county to New Jersey, thence to Pochuck Mountain, 
 embracing a large part of the tow'us of" Warwick, 
 Monroe, Highlands, and Cornwall ; part of New 
 Windsor, Newburgh, Blooming-Grove, and the south 
 part of Goshen. Woodcock Mountain, Round Hill, 
 Peddler Hill, Goose-Pond Mountain, Sugar-loaf and 
 Sugar-loaf Mate, Brimstone Hill, Muchattoes Hill, 
 Mount Adam, Mount Eve, and Pochuck Mountain, 
 are composed of this series. 
 
 Granite is found at the foot of Butter Hill suitable 
 for quarrying ; sienite at West Point, on the east side 
 of Bear Mountain, and at the base of Butter Hill. 
 Gneiss abounds in all the Highlands, and has been 
 quarried at Butter Hill, Cro'-nest, West Point, But- 
 termilk Falls, and between that and Fort IMontgom- 
 ery. Mica slate, or micaceous gneiss, is found one 
 mile north of Fort Montgomery, and at the foot of 
 Cro'-nest. Augite rock is found between West Point 
 and Round Pond; also in Monroe, south of Cedar 
 Pond ; near Slaughter's Pond, Green Pond, and Mom- 
 basha Pond, and near the O'Neil, For.shee, Clove, 
 Rich, and Forest of Dean mines. Greenstone trap is 
 found near Truxedo Pond. Granular greenstone is 
 found at Cro'-nest and at Butter Hill. Hornblende 
 rock is found in large strata, and quartz rock is in 
 everj' hill and mountain of the Highlands. In the 
 town of Monroe is a bed of the latter four rods wide 
 rising fifteen feet above the gneiss on each side. Ser- 
 pentine is found at the O'Neil and at the Forshee 
 mine, and there is a large bed of it in the town of 
 Warwick. Crystallized serpentine is also found in 
 Warwick in the white limestone. Scapolite is found 
 at Amity ; also, blende of minute, red, brilliant prisms, 
 with adamantine lustre. Yellow garnet is found at 
 Edenville. A species of soapstone is found at the 
 Clove mine in Monroe ; magnetic pyrites, mica, and 
 hornblende, at the Rich iron-mine. Large sheets of 
 mica are found southwest of the Forshee mine. In 
 the latter mine are found beautiful red garnet, brown 
 tremoline, cocolite, and umber. The O'Neil mine 
 abounds with a great variety of beautiful minerals, 
 among which are crystallized magnetic ore of great 
 brilliancy and beauty, magnetic pyrites, copper py- 
 rites, carbonate of copper, serpentine, amianthus, as- 
 bestos, brown spar, rhombic spar, augite, cocolite, 
 feldspar, and mica. 
 
 West of the village of Canterbury is a bed of hem- 
 atite ore, on the late Townsend farm. Two beds of 
 arsenical iron are found in Warwick : one in a vein 
 near Mount Adam, and the other near Edenville. 
 The latter contains arsenical pyrites of a white silver 
 color, in connection with arsenic, suljjhur, and iron ; , 
 also red oxide of iron. This vein is connected with 
 the white limestone. An ore of titanium is also found 
 
GEOLOGY, ETC. 
 
 45 
 
 in Warwick, associated with augite and scapolite. An 
 ore of cerium occurs near Fort Montgomery. 
 
 The primitive rocks of the Highlands abound in 
 ore of the magnetic oxide of iron. The granite 
 gneiss more generally contains it in layers having the 
 lines and bearing of the rock. At West Point the ore 
 is associated with hornblende. Meek's mine, Krouk- 
 ite's mine. Round Pond mine, Forest of Dean mine, 
 Long mine, Patterson mine. Mountain mine, and a 
 group of mines around it, and Crossway mine, all 
 abound in this ore^ of rich quality. A bed of titan- 
 iferous iron ore is located on the east side of Bear 
 Hill ; magnetic ore at the lower landing at Fort 
 Montgomery, mixed with the sulphiiret of iron ; also 
 at the place called Queensborough ore-bed, within a 
 mile or two of Queensborough Furnace. In several 
 localities of the Shawangunk grits are found veins of 
 lead. Beds of lead ore have been opened at Eden- 
 ville, and also in the towns of Deerpark and Mount 
 Hope.* Zinc ore has also been found, exceeding in 
 quality the lead. A copper-mine was opened near 
 Otisville in 1866, and worked for about a year, show- 
 ing good ore but in small quantities. 
 
 Tlie mines which have been opened in the beds de- 
 scribed, and some of which have been named in other 
 connections, are the Stirling mine, in Monroe, opened 
 in 1781. t Its ore is very sound and strong, and has 
 been much used for cannon. Part of its ore is bare, 
 and part of it slightly covered with soil and rocks. 
 It embraces a surface of about thirty acres. One and 
 a half miles southwest of the Stirling is the Belcher 
 mine, supposed to be a prolongation of the Stirling 
 mine. Long mine and Red mine are farther south ; 
 the ores of the latter are magnetic and full of pyrites. 
 East of Stirling Pond are the Mountain mine, the 
 Crossway mine, and the Patterson mine. About a 
 mile south of the village of Monroe is the Clove mine, 
 the ore of which is magnetic, granular, and compact; 
 a (lortion of it soft, in a black powder, and can be 
 taken out with a shovel. Southeast of the Clove is 
 the O'Neil mine, in the midst of granitic gneiss and 
 sienite. Half a mile southwest of this is the Forshee 
 mine, permeating the whole hill ujjon which it is 
 located. About five miles southeast of Monroe is the 
 Rich mine, the ore of which is strongly magnetic, 
 rich, and abundant. The Smith mine is between 
 Cro'-nest and Butter Hill ; -its ore is a native magnet ; 
 it has not been worked of late years. The Townsend 
 mine of hematite ore is in Cornwall, about two miles 
 
 * The principal lead-mines that have been opened are in Mount Hope 
 and Deerpark. They are known as the Erie, at Guymard ; the Wallkill, 
 two and a half miles northeast of Guymard ; the Champion, Washington, 
 Mammoth, Movint Hope, and Central. Of these, but two, the Erie and 
 the Walkill, have ever been extensively worked. The lead of the Erie 
 mine is argentiferous, and at times the yield of silver pays running ex- 
 penses, leaving the lead a clear profit. The works are within a few rods 
 of the Erie Ilailroad. 
 
 t The Stiriing iron-works were established in 1751. This mine was 
 discovered in 1780 and opened in 1781. The works are now connected 
 with the Erie road by a branch from Stirling Junction, 
 
 and a half west from Canterbury. Its ore is lean, 
 but makes excellent iron. It is mostly in powder or 
 small fragments, mixed with balls of the hematite of 
 a few pounds' weight. Forest of Dean mine was 
 opened as early probably as 1761. It lies west from 
 Fort Montgomery. The Queensborough J mine lies 
 south from Forest of Dean ; it has not been worked 
 to any extent. Greenwood mine, in Monroe, lies 
 north of the Erie road. Its yield is consumed by 
 Greenwood Furnace. 
 
 Traditions of lead, tin, silver, and even gold mines, 
 in the Highlands, are quite prevalent, while on the 
 Schunemunk range and in other places the carbon- 
 aceous slates have been pretty thoroughly examined 
 from presumed indications of veins of coal. The 
 early European adventurers evidently made a very 
 complete examination of the entire district in the 
 hope of striking the precious ores. Some magnificent 
 magnetic pyrites, however, was their only reward, as 
 it has been of equally sanguine but more recent 
 searchers. 
 
 The soils of the county vary with the geological 
 features of the different sections. The district known 
 as the primary, in most of its higher elevations, is not 
 susceptible of cultivation, owing to the rough and 
 broken state of the surface and the naked character 
 of the rocks. At the base of the Highlands are out- 
 cropping hills, and the surface, though broken, is 
 productive, and in many instances presents beautiful 
 farms. In the district of the Hudson .system of slates 
 and limestones, though irregular and broken, its 
 slaty or slialy beds and sandstone and limestone 
 rocks furnish a soil favorable to the growth of grain 
 and grass. Above the Highlands this district di- 
 verges from the river to the southwest quite into the 
 State of New Jersey. No part rises into mountains, 
 yet there are steep bluffs, but not higher than three 
 hundred feet. West of this lies the belt of land to the 
 Shawangunk Mountains, stretching across the county 
 from Crawford to the Jersey line, in which the soil 
 partakes of the grits and shales of this series, giving 
 peculiar features and qualities to the surface. 
 
 In this connection it may be remarked that the 
 most striking feature of the Shawangunk range, as 
 presented to the eye, is the fact that the surface of its 
 eastern or southeastern slope bears abundant evidence 
 that the great glacial or ice age witnessed the passage 
 from it of an enormous glacier, which ground up the 
 rocks until the soil was produced which is now so 
 highly cultivated, while its western or northwestern 
 slopes remain rocky and untillable, bearing nothing 
 but forest-trees and minerals. This peculiarity exists 
 in the range even beyond the limits of the county ; 
 and the glacier marks, so plainly visible, afford a 
 
 X Queensborough mine tjikes its name from a tract of one thousand four 
 hundred and thirty-seven acres granted to Gabriel and William Ludlow, 
 Oct. 18, 1731, and to which they gave the name. The name is now fre- 
 quently but wrongly written Queenshf/ry; the sutlix should be boroiighf 
 signifying, in its application, Queen's Hill. 
 
46 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 means of judging of the kind of plow that dug out 
 the beds and valleys of the Wallkili and the Shawan- 
 gunk Kill. 
 
 Throughout the county the existence of large masses 
 of bowlders, the origin of which can only be referred 
 to distant places, furnishes evidence that in many 
 sections the soil has been the result of drift deposits. 
 Below the city of Newburgh, the drift bed, containing 
 bowlders and pebbles that are scratched, overlies the 
 abraded rocks, and is in turn overlaid by clay beds, 
 sand, and gravel, in regular courses. Bowlders, erratic 
 blocks, and scratched rocks abound on the High- 
 lands. The bowlders are formed mostly of granites 
 and gneiss; occasionally one of graywacke, showing 
 unmistakably its transportation from a great distance ; 
 their accompanying friable deposits now enrich the 
 mountain cloves. Aside from their contributions to 
 the soil, many of the drift deposits are valuable, — the 
 sand for casting or moulding, smoothing and rubbing 
 stones used in lithography, blotting sand, and for 
 mortar and glass ; the clays, for pottery and brick. 
 
 The soil of the plateau adjoining the Hudson, 
 forming a semicircle from the Highlands to the 
 Dans Kammer, is gravelly, sandy, clayey, — a mixture 
 forming a warm and fertile loam. The surface rises 
 gradually to Orange Lake, then descends to the 
 Wallkili. The soil of the Wallkili Valley is pecu- 
 liarly rich and fertile. Much of it is alluvium, inter- 
 mingled with clay, sand, and gravel. In the town of 
 Wallkili the soil is more diversified ; in some places 
 it is clayey and of no great depth above the rock ; 
 in others gravelly, and again sandy and elevated. 
 Through Goshen and Warwick it partakes more of 
 clay and sand loam, with slight intervals of gravel. 
 Approximating the State line, the primitive forma- 
 tions of Mount Adam, Mount Eve, and Pochuck 
 Mountain change the constituents, but not to detract 
 from its fertility. Some of the most rich and pro- 
 ductive soils in the county are found in the islands of 
 the Drowned Lands. West of the Wallkili Valley 
 the soil is affected in its constituents by the Shawan- 
 gunk range of mountains, and is generally a clayey 
 loam, well adapted to grass. In some part-s it becomes 
 slaty and warm ; in others it is shaly and covered 
 with fragments of rocks. In Deerpark is a range of 
 soil, brought down from the adjacent hills and upper 
 country, that is very fertile and easy of cultivation; 
 and, though it has been under the plow nearly two 
 centuries, it still ranks with the most productive 
 lands of the State. The valley of the Otterkill is a 
 sandy and gravelly loam, partly alluvial. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 MIIiITAKY HISTORY— FRENCH AND INDIAN 
 "WAR-WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 The military history of the county obliges us to 
 return again to a recognition of the territory from 
 which it was taken, being component parts of Ulster 
 
 and Orange. At best the earliest militia rolls are 
 imperfect. They serve, however, as far as they go, 
 to show organizations, and, inferentially, the names 
 of pioneer settlers. Beginning with that portion of 
 the county which was taken from Ulster, we find that 
 the first military organization within its limits was 
 made prior to 1738, and was composed of two com- 
 panies of the regiment of which A, Gaasbeck Cham- 
 bers was colonel, Wessel Ten Broeck lieutenant- 
 colonel, Coenradt Elmendorf major, and Cornelius 
 Elmendorf quartermaster.* The first of these com- 
 panies was known as *' The Foot Company of Military 
 of the Precinct of the Highlands ;'' the second as 
 " The Company of Militia of the Wall a Kill." The 
 following were their muster-rolls in 1738 : 
 
 ' A List of the first company of MilUk 
 the vommand of Gap 
 Capt. Thomas Ellison. 
 EiiKigii John Young. 
 Sergt. David Davids. 
 Sergt. Moses Gaiitson. 
 Sergt. P. McCloghery. 
 Corp. Jacobus Bruyn. 
 Corp. Jas. Stringham. 
 Corp. Jonah Hazard. 
 Clerk, Clias. Clinton. 
 Jolin Umphrey. 
 Alexander Falls. 
 David Bedford. 
 William Coleman. 
 Joseph Sweezer. 
 Thomas Coleman. 
 John McVey. 
 John Jones. 
 Patrick Brodeiick. 
 Joseph Shaw. 
 Caleb Curtis. 
 William Sutton. 
 Jeremiah Foster. 
 Chailes Beaty. 
 Amos Foster. 
 Alexander Foster. 
 James Young, 
 James Nealy. 
 Robert Feef. 
 Joseph Butterton. 
 Samuel Luckey. 
 John Markham. 
 John Read. 
 Joseph McMikhill. 
 David Umphrey. 
 James Gamble. 
 John Gamble. 
 Corneliua McClean. 
 John Umphrey, Jr. 
 James Umphrey. 
 Peter Mulinder. 
 Robert Burnet. 
 Archibald Beaty. 
 Daniel Coleman. 
 
 I of the preseul- of the Ui'jhhmh under 
 >l. Thomas Ellison: 
 
 David Oliver, 
 
 Arthur Beaty. 
 
 Matthew Davis. 
 
 Jolin Nicoll.Jr. 
 
 Alexander McKey. 
 
 Robert Sparks. 
 
 Jeuriali Quick. 
 
 Thomas Quick. 
 
 Jacob Gillis. 
 
 Joseph Simsjn. 
 
 James Clark. 
 
 John Clark. 
 
 Lodewick Miller. 
 
 Peter Miller. 
 
 George W'eygant. 
 
 William Ward. 
 
 William Ward, Jr. 
 
 John Mattys Kimberg. 
 
 William Smith, Jr. 
 
 James Edmeston. 
 
 Tobias Wejgant. 
 
 Jerry Manse. 
 
 Thomas Johnston. 
 
 Casparis Sty mas. 
 
 John Monger. 
 
 James Luckey. 
 
 Thomas Williams. 
 
 Johanuis George. 
 
 Jeremiah Tompkins. 
 
 Isaac Tompkins. 
 
 William Watts. 
 
 Josiah Ellsworth. 
 
 James Ellsworth. 
 
 Anthony Preslaer. 
 
 Jonathan Tomkins. 
 
 Robert Banker. 
 
 Thomas Fear. 
 
 Frederick Painter. 
 
 Moses Elswurth. 
 
 John Marie. 
 
 Jonathan Owens. 
 
 Andrew McDowell. 
 Total, 8G." 
 
 " A List of the Company of MilUia of the B'.i// n Kill luuler the command of 
 Capt. John Bayard. 
 Capt. John Bayard.f Ensign William Kelso. 
 
 Lieut. William Borland. Sergt. John Newkirk. 
 
 * The regiment was composed (1738) of nine companies, which were 
 located as follows: Kingston, 3; Marbletown, 1 ; Wallkili, 1 ; Hurley, 1; 
 Rochester, 1 ; New Paltz, 1, and the precinct of the Highlands, 1.— Doc. 
 Hist. N. r., iv. 226, etc. 
 
 + Correction has been made in orthography of names in casi-s where 
 known, and the modern adopted. 
 
MILITAEY HISTORY. 
 
 47 
 
 Corp. John Miller. 
 Lendert Coll ^Cole). 
 Cornelius Cole. 
 Bnruat Cole. 
 Jolin Robeson. 
 James Gillespie. 
 Thomas Gillespie. 
 John Wilkius. 
 William Wilkins. 
 Andrew Graham. 
 George Olloms. 
 John North. 
 John North, Jr. 
 Samuel North. 
 James Young. 
 Rohert Young. 
 Matthew Young. 
 James McNeill. 
 John McNeill. 
 Andrew Borland. 
 John Borland. 
 John McNeill, Jr. 
 James Crawford. 
 John Crawford. 
 Alexander Milligau. 
 Nathaniel Hill. 
 Alexander Kidd. 
 Archibald Hunter. 
 James Hunter. 
 John Wharry. 
 John Mingus. 
 Stepbanus Crist. 
 Jacob Bush. 
 Benjamin Haines. 
 John McNeill, Sr. 
 Matthew Rhea. 
 William Crawford. 
 Robert Hunter. 
 James Monell. 
 George Monell. 
 John Monelb 
 William Monell. 
 Thomas Neils. 
 Robert Neils. 
 John Neils. 
 Matthew Neils. 
 Nathaniel Colter. 
 John Neily, Jr. 
 Joseph Biittletown. 
 Thomas Coleman. 
 Joseph Shaw. 
 Patrick Broderick. 
 William Soutter. 
 John Butterfield. 
 John McVey. 
 
 John Jones. 
 
 Joseph Knapp. 
 
 Isaiah Gale. 
 
 Caleb Knapp. 
 
 Robert McCord. 
 
 William Faulkner. 
 
 Isiael Rodgei-s. 
 
 Jeremiah Rodgers. 
 
 James Rodgers. 
 
 James White. 
 
 John Manley. 
 
 Francis Falls. 
 
 Cronamus Felter. 
 
 Richard Gatehouse. 
 
 John Boyle. 
 
 Richard Boyle. 
 
 Robert Hughey. 
 
 Robert Buchanan. 
 
 James Eager. 
 
 Tbos. McCoUum. 
 
 Sojornaro Her. 
 
 John Haven. 
 
 McKim Clineman. 
 
 Jury Burger. 
 
 Hugh Flanigan. 
 
 Benj. Bennet. 
 
 Patrick McPeck. 
 
 John Eldoris. 
 
 Patrick Gillespie. 
 
 John Lowry. 
 
 Samuel Smith. 
 
 Joseph Tbeal. 
 
 James Crawford. 
 
 Joseph Sutter. 
 
 David Craig. 
 
 Edward Andrews. 
 
 Samuel Crawford. 
 
 Andrew McDowell. 
 
 Philip Millspaugh. 
 
 Crunanias Mingus. 
 
 Stuffel Mould. 
 
 Johannes Crane. 
 
 John Young. 
 
 Hendrick Newkirk. 
 
 Frederick Sinsabaugh. 
 
 CorneliuB Wallace. 
 
 Hendrick Crist. 
 
 Tunas Crist. 
 
 Lawrence Crist. 
 
 Mathias Millspaugh and his 
 
 BOD. 
 
 John Jamison. 
 John McDonald. 
 James Davis. 
 
 Total, 114." 
 
 From the original county of Orange the following 
 return appears : 
 
 ** A LM »/ the Officers and Sotdiers belonging to the Hegiment of Fool Mi' 
 lUia in the County of Oravgej in the Province of New York, coisisting of 
 eight Companies of Foot, whereof Vincent Mathews is Coll. 
 
 Vincent Mathews, col. Michael Jackson, adjt. 
 
 Solomon Carpenter, lieut.-col. James Tliompson, q.m. 
 
 George Remsen, maj. 
 
 First Company. 
 
 Ram. Remsen, capt. 
 Corns. Smith, lieut. 
 Ebenezer Smith, ensign. 
 Three sergeants. 
 
 Three corporals. 
 One drummer. 
 Sixty-three private men. 
 In all, 73. 
 
 Second Company. 
 
 Saml. Odell, capt. 
 Henry Cuyper, lieut. 
 Benj. Allison, ensign. 
 Three sergeants. 
 
 Three corporals. 
 One dnimmer. 
 Fifty-eight private men. 
 In all, 68. 
 
 Thibd Company. 
 John Holly, capt. One drummer. 
 
 Michael Dunning, lieut. One hundred and eleven pri- 
 
 Sol. Carpenter, Jr., ensign. vate men. 
 
 Three sergeants. In all, 121. 
 
 Three corporals. 
 
 Fot'RTH Company. 
 
 Jacobus Swartwout, capt. Three coi-porals. 
 
 Johannes Westbrook, lieut. One drummer. 
 
 Johannes Westbrook, Jr., en- Fifty-five private men, 
 
 sign. In all, G5. 
 Three sergeants. 
 
 Fifth Company. 
 
 Nathaniel Du Bois, capt. Three corporals. 
 
 David Southerland, lieut. One drummer. 
 
 Isaac Hennion, ensign. Sixty-three private men. 
 
 Three sergeants. lu all, 73. 
 
 Sixth Company. 
 Abm. Haring, Jr., capt. Three corporals. 
 
 Garret Beauvelt, lieut. One drummer, 
 
 John Haring, ensign. Sixty-two private men. 
 
 Three sergeants. In all, 72. 
 
 SEVENTH Company. 
 
 Jacob Vanderhilt, capt. Three corporals. 
 
 Andrew Onderdouk, lieut. One drummer. 
 
 Aaron Smith, ensign. Fifty private men. 
 
 Three sergeants. In all, 60. 
 
 Troop of Horse. 
 
 Henry Youngs, capt. Two corporals. 
 
 W"illian) Mapes, lieut. One trumpeter. 
 
 Michael Jackson, cornet. Fifty-two private men. 
 
 Two sergeants. In all, 60. 
 
 " The total, 595 ofBcers and soldiers. Sub-officers, 56 foot. 
 "June 20,1738." 
 
 The Ulster regiment was divided, in 1756, into twp 
 regiments, the first (or northern) embracing Kings- 
 ton, etc., and the second (or southern) embracing the 
 precincts of Highlands, Wallkill, and Shawangunk, 
 and in this form took part in the French and Indian 
 war of 1656. In September, 1773, the southern regi- 
 ment was under the following officers, viz, : Thomas 
 Ellison, colonel; Charles Clinton, lieutenant-colonel; 
 Ciidwallader Golden, Jr., major ; and Johannes Jan- 
 sen, adjutant. The first company in the regiment 
 was located in Newburgh, and was composed as fol- 
 lows, viz, : Jonathan Hasbrouck, captain ; Samuel 
 Sands, first lieutenant ; Wolvert Acker, second lieu- 
 tenant; Cornelius Hasbrouck, ensign; four sergeants, 
 four corporals, one drummer, and one hundred and 
 forty-one privates."^ 
 
 What changes, if any, occurred in the Orange 
 County regiment cannot be stated, except inferen- 
 tially. It appears to have been divided, the com- 
 panies of which Abraham Haring and Jacob Vander- 
 hilt were captains forming the nucleus of a regiment 
 in the Orangetown district (now Rockland). 
 
 On the 22d of August, 1775, the Provincial Con- 
 gress of New York passed a law under which the 
 militia of the Revolution was organized. This law 
 provided that counties, cities, and precincts should be 
 divided by their respective local committees, so that 
 in each district a company should be formed " ordi- 
 
 * The names of non-commissioned officers and privates are not em- 
 braced in the report. 
 
48 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 narily to consist of about eighty-three able-bodied 
 and effective men, officers included, between sixteen 
 and fifty years of age ;" the officers to consist of one 
 captain, two lieutenants, one ensign, four sergeants, 
 four corporals, one clerk, one drummer, and one fifer. 
 The several companies so formed were directed to be 
 "joined into regiments, each regiment to consist of 
 not less than five nor more than ten companies," 
 which should be commanded by " one colonel, one 
 lieutenant-colonel, two majors, an adjutant, and a 
 quartermaster." The regiments were to be classed in 
 six brigades, under " a brigadier-general and a major 
 of brigade," and the entire force was to be under the 
 command of one major-general.* 
 
 When the organization was perfected, the counties 
 of Ulster and Orange formed the fourth brigade, un- 
 der Brig.-Gen. George Clinton.f This brigade was 
 composed of five regiments in Orange County, com- 
 manded respectively by William Allison, of Goshen, 
 Jesse Woodhull, of Cornwall, .John Hathorn, of War- 
 wick, A. Hawkes Hay, of Orangetown, and Abm. 
 Lent, of Haverstraw ; and of four regiments in Ulster 
 County, commanded respectively by Johannes Har- 
 denbergh, of Kingston, James Clinton, of New Wind- 
 sor, Levi Pauling, of Marbletown, and Jonathan 
 Hasbrouck, of Newburgh. Territorially, our inquiry 
 is confined to Col. Allison's, Col. Hathorn's, and Col. 
 WoodhuU's regiments in Orange, and Col. Has- 
 brouck's and Col. Clinton's regiments in Ulster, al- 
 though it will be understood that Col. Hay's and Col. 
 Lent's regiments wore in what was then Orange County. 
 The territory in Col. Allison's regimental district in- 
 eluded Goshen and the western part of the county ; 
 Col. Hathorn's embraced Warwick and the southern 
 settlements; Col. WoodhuU's embraced Cornwall 
 (then including Monroe and part of Blooming-Grove) ; 
 Col. Hasbrouck's embraced Newburgh, Marlborough, 
 and Shawangunk ; and Col. Clinton's embraced New 
 Windsor, Montgomery, Crawford, and Wallkill. The 
 rosters and muster-rolls of the regiment cannot be 
 obtained, and all information in reference to them is 
 fragmentary. 
 
 COL. ALLISON'S GOSHEN REGIMENT, 1T7C. 
 
 ■William Allison, colonel. 
 
 Benjamin Tusten, lieutenant-colonel. 
 
 Goshen Co.— 1770— George Thompson, captain ; Joseph Wood and Coe 
 Gale, lieutenants; Daniel Everett, Jr., ensign. 1770— William 
 Thompson, second lieutenant, and Phineas Case, ensign, fice Coe 
 Gale and Daniel Everett, Jr., transferred to Minute Company under 
 Capt. Moses Hatfield. 
 
 Wawayanda Co. — 1775 — William Blair, captain ; Thomas Wisner and 
 Thomas Sayne, Jr., lieutenants; Richard Johnson, ensign. 
 
 Draimed Ltmds Co. — 1775— Samuel Jones, Jr., captain; Peter Gale and 
 Jacob Dunning, lieutenants; Samuel Webb, ensign. 
 
 * Proc. Prov. Gout., 104, 114, etc. 
 
 f This brigade should not be confused with the special brigade which 
 was organized under Gen. Clinton in August, 177G, which was composed 
 of "all levies raised and to be raised in the counties of Westchester, 
 Duchess, (.'range, and Ulster" (Proc. Prov. Conv.,5G3l, nor with the com- 
 mission issued to him by the ContioeDtal Congress in March, 1777. 
 
 Chenter Co. — 1775 — John Jaclison, captain; John Wood and James 
 
 Miller, lieutenants ; James I'arehal, ensign. 
 Pochttck Co. — 1775— Ebeuezer Owen, captain; Increase Holly and John 
 
 Bronson, lieutenants ; David Rogers, ensign. 1776— Increase Holly, 
 
 captain; David Rogers and James Wright, lieutenants; Charles 
 
 Knapp, ensign. 
 West Side, IV'a;K-iH Co.— 1775— Gilbert Bradner, captain; Joshua Davis 
 
 and James Dolsen, lieutenants; Daniel Finch, ensign. 
 Miuiunh Co.— 1775— Moses Kortright, captain; John Van Tile and 
 
 Johannes Decker, lieutenants; Ephraim Medaugh, ensign. 1777 — 
 
 Mertinus Decker, second lieutenant, vire Johannes Decker. 
 
 COL. HATHORN'S FLORIDA REGIMENT. 
 
 John Hathorn, colonel. 
 
 ^yarmck Co.— 1775— Charles Beardsley, captain ; Richard Welling and 
 Samuel Lobdell, lieutenants; John Price, ensign. 1776 — John Min- 
 thorn, captain, vice Beardsley, deceased ; Nathl. Ketcham and George 
 Vance, lieutenants; John Benedict, ensign. 
 
 Pond Co.— 1775— Henry Wisner, Jr., captain ; Abm. Dolson, Jr., and 
 Peter Bartholf, lieutenants; Matthew Dolson, ensign. 1776— Abm. 
 Dolson, Jr., captain ; Peter Baitholf and John Hopper, lieutenants; 
 Mathias Dolson, ensign. 1777— Peter Bartholf, captain ; John De 
 Bow and Anthony Finn, lieutenants; Joseph Jewell, ensign. 
 
 Sterliuij Co. — 1776 — John Norman, captain ; Solomon Finch and William 
 Fitzgerald, lieutenants; Elisha Bennett, ensign. 1777— Henry 
 Townsend, captain ; William Fitzgerald and Elisha Bennett, lieu- 
 tenants; Joseph Conkling, ensign. 
 
 Florida Co. — 1775 — Nathaniel Elmer, captain; John Popino, Jr., and 
 John Sayre, lieutenants; Richard Bailey, ensign. 1776 — John Ken- 
 nedy, lieutenant, roe Popino. 1777— John Sayre, captain ; John 
 Kennedy and Richard Bailey, lieutenants; John Wood, ensign. 
 
 Wautagi; Co. — 1775 — Daniel Rosekrans, captain ; James Clark and Jacob 
 Gale, lieutenants ; Samuel Cole, ensign. J 
 
 i 
 
 COL. WOODHLTLL'S CORNWALL REGIMENT. 
 
 » 
 
 Jesse Woodbull, colonel. 
 
 Elihu Marvin, lieutenaiit-rolonol. 
 
 Natliaoiel Strong, Zachariah Du Bois, majors. 
 
 William Moffat, adjutant. 
 
 Nathaniel Satterly, quartermaster. 
 
 Oxford Co. — 1775 — Archibald Little, captain ; Birdseye Youngs, first 
 lieutenant; Thomas Ilorton, second lieutenant; Nathan MaiTin, 
 ensign. Formerly commanded by Capt. Elihu Marvin, promoted 
 lieutenant-colonel. 1777— Thomas Horton, captain ; Josiali Seeley, 
 first lieutenant; Nathan Marvin, second lieutenant; Barnabas Hor- 
 ton, Jr., ensign. 
 
 Clove Co. — 1775— Jonathan Tutbill, captain; John Brewster, Jr., first 
 lieutenant; Samuel Strong, second lieutenant; Francis Brewster, 
 ensign. Formerly commanded by Capt. Jesse Woodbull. 
 
 Bethlehem Go. — 1775 — Cbrisloplier Van Buzer, captain; William Roe, fii*st 
 lieutenant; Obadiah Smith, second lieutenant; Isaac Tobias, ensign* 
 1776 — Gilbert Weeks, oneign. 
 
 Upper Clore Co.— 1775 — Garret Miller, captain ; Asa Buck, first lieuten- 
 ant; William Horton, second lieutenant; Aaron Miller, euslgu. 
 A new company, being part of the company formerly commanded 
 by Capt. Austin Smith. 
 
 Woodbury Clove Co. — 1775 — Francis Snaith, captain ; Thomas Smith, first 
 lieutenant; Alexander Galloway, second lieutenant; John Mc- 
 Manus, ensign. 1776 — John McManus, second lieutenant; Thos. 
 Lammoreux, ensign. 
 
 Smdhiresl Co. — 1775 — Stephen Slote, captain; George Galloway, firet 
 lieutenant; John Brown, second lieutenant ; David Rogers, ensign. 
 A new company. 
 
 Blooming- Grace Co. — 1775 — Silas Pierson, captain; Joshua Brown, first 
 lieutenant; David Reeve, second lieutenant; Phineaa Heard, ensign. 
 Formerly commanded by Capt. Phineas Rumsey.J 
 
 Liijht-HoTse Co. — 1776 — Ebenezer Woodhull, captain ; James Sayre, lieu- 
 tenant ; William Heard, cornet ; Azariah Martin, second master 
 
 ■J 
 
 I At the meeting to reorganize the company there were two tickets,— 
 the one given above and one on which Phineas Runisey was named for 
 captain, John Vail for first lieutenant, and John W. Tutbill for sec- 
 ond lieutenant. It was claimed that the latter received the most 
 votes. — Amei-ifun Arvhices, vol. iii.G27. 
 
MILITAKY HISTORY. 
 
 49 
 
 COL. HASBKOUCK'S NEWBURGH RKGIMENT* 
 
 Jonntliaii Hrtsbrouck, colonel. 
 
 Johannes HarJenlmrgh, Jr.. lieutenant-colonel. 
 
 Johannes Jansen, Jr., Lewis Du Bois, majors. 
 
 Atiraham Schoonniaker, adjutant. 
 
 Isaac Belknap, iiuartemiaster. 
 
 Ciipl. Sfimuel Cliirk''s company^ 
 Samuel Clark, captain. 
 Janies iJenton, first lieutenant. 
 3Iartin Wygant, second lieu- 
 tenant. 
 5Iunson Ward, ensign. 
 ■\Villiani Albertson, sergeant. 
 Isaac Brown, sergeant. 
 Ebenezer Giflney, sergear>t, 
 Ho|ie Mills, sergeant. 
 Hngli Stevenson, corporal. 
 Isaac Deniott, corporal, 
 John Simson, corporal. 
 William I'almer, corporal. 
 Joseph Brown, fifer. 
 Sol. Buckingham, drummer. 
 John Stilhvell. 
 Elijah TowDseud. 
 Stephen Albertson. 
 Daniel Gillis. 
 Daniel Holley. 
 James Demott. 
 Nathaniel Denton. 
 John Beckett. 
 Silas Leonard. 
 Henry Smith. 
 Benjamin Smith. 
 Benjamin Birdsall. 
 Harmanus Rikeman. 
 
 Solomon 
 
 Nenhimjh,Jtui>i 8,1778. 
 
 Tliuiuas Pattei-son. 
 
 Richard Ward. 
 
 William Fei"guson. 
 
 William Carskaden. 
 
 Isaac llasbrouck. 
 
 James Harris. 
 
 William Bloomer. 
 
 John Schutield. 
 
 Benjamin Kanip. 
 
 Hugh Ferguson. 
 
 M'illiam Lewis. 
 
 Richaid Albertson. 
 
 William Foster. 
 
 Jeremiah Ward. 
 
 George Jackson. 
 
 Joseph Gidney, Jr. 
 
 Jolin Wiggins. 
 
 George Lane. 
 
 Samuel Fowler. 
 
 Daniel Gidney. 
 
 Joseph Coleman. 
 
 Gilbert Edwards. 
 
 Samuel Gardner. 
 
 Jacob Wiggins. 
 
 Richard Drake. 
 
 Jesse Smith. 
 
 Albertson Smith. 
 
 John Becket. 
 Lane. 
 
 list of the Exempts of Capt. Samuel 
 17' 
 Jonathan Hasbronck, colonel. 
 Moses Higby, doctor. 
 Samuel Fowl«r. 
 John Staples. 
 William Lupton. 
 Nehcniiah Denton. 
 Thomas Ireland. 
 Samuel Denton. 
 James Harris. 
 Williiini Bowdish. 
 Isaac Brown, doctor. 
 Thomas Palmer. 
 Benjamin Coffin. 
 William Collard. 
 Joseph Gedney. 
 Nathaniel Coleman. 
 Burger Wigant. 
 Samuel Bond. 
 Thomas Denton, captain. 
 Robert Carscadden. 
 Simon Crozier. 
 Joseph Gidney. 
 Hugh MacLean. 
 Jeremiah Howell. 
 Samuel Chirk. 
 Abel Belknap. 
 Cornelius Wood. 
 Jacob hilars. 
 
 Clark^a compmiij, April .30, 1778, and 
 
 ro. 
 
 Peter Donley. 
 
 Daniel Aldredge. 
 
 Samuel Sands. 
 
 Thomas Rhodes. 
 
 Leonard Smith. 
 
 Mr. Trumpoor. 
 
 William Lawrence. 
 
 Thomas Brinkley. 
 
 John T. Staples. 
 
 John Stilwilliam. 
 
 Eli as Burger. 
 
 William Ward. 
 
 Duncan Duffle. 
 
 Daniel Denton. 
 
 James Denton, lieutenant. 
 
 Martin Wygant. 
 
 Motison Ward, ensign. 
 
 Samuel Weed. 
 
 Adolph DeGrove. 
 
 Aaron Linn. 
 
 John Nathan Hutchins. 
 
 Isaac Belknap, Jr. 
 
 James Burns. 
 
 David Cutch. 
 
 William Sobe. 
 
 John Holdrum. 
 
 James McMasters. 
 
 Jacob Reeder. 
 
 * "Newburoh, March 20, 1776.— A true Btate of the regiment of mi- 
 litia in the county of Ulster, whereof Jonathan Hasbronck is colonel, 
 ' unsisting of eleven companies. My whole regiment consists of six 
 hundred and eight men, officers included; likewise four hundred and 
 fifty firelocks, two hundred and ninety-three sword.s, one hundred and 
 eighty-eight cartridge-boxes, thirty-two pounds of powder, one hundred 
 and twenty pounds of lead.— A true state of my regiment after every 
 fourth man was selected as a minute man." 
 
 Thomas Smith. 
 Cornelius Hatibrouck. 
 Isaac Belknap. 
 Thaddeus Smith. 
 William Wilson. 
 Joseph Albertson. 
 
 William Thurston. 
 Thomas Ireland, Jr. 
 Jeremiah Wool. 
 Thomas Harris. 
 Robert Morrison, doctor. 
 Benjamin Harris. 
 
 C'tpt. Jacob C'onkliii^B company, 
 
 Jacob Conklin, captain. 
 
 Jacob Lawrence, first lieuten- 
 ant. 
 
 David Guion, second lieuten- 
 ant. 
 
 John Crowell, ensign. 
 
 Robt. Erwin, sergeant. 
 
 Robt. Ross, sergeant. 
 
 John Lawrence, sergeant. 
 
 Abm. Strickland, sergeant. 
 
 Abm. Smith, drummer. 
 
 Jacob Strickland, corporal, 
 
 Ebenezer Strickland. 
 
 Jonathan Brundige. 
 
 John Killpatrick. 
 
 Peter Aldrich. 
 
 Sanuiel Tarepening. 
 
 Cornelius Terwilliger. 
 
 Hazael Smith. 
 
 Daniel Burnells. 
 
 Barent Cole. 
 
 Joshua Camwell. 
 
 Jonas Totten, corporal. 
 
 Neiihur<jh, May 4, 1778, 
 James Totten. 
 James Mills. 
 William Erwin, Jr., 
 William Cope, Jr. 
 Stephen Jones. 
 Isaac Barton, Jr. 
 Nathaniel Guion, corporal. 
 Robert Aldrich. 
 James Penny. 
 W'illiam Penny. 
 John Dolson. 
 Joseph Simm&ns. 
 Tunis Kiesler. 
 Jacob Tremper. 
 John Tremper. 
 John Thomas. 
 Johannes Snyder. 
 Stephen Stevens, corporal. 
 William McBride. 
 Gerrit Van Benschoten. 
 Peter Tarepening. 
 Hermanus Terwilliger. 
 Abm. Cole, Jr. 
 
 A list of Exempts of Capt. Jucoh 
 
 Jacob Conklin, captain. 
 
 Jacob Lawrence, lieutenant. 
 
 David Guion, lieutenant. 
 
 John Crowell, ensign. 
 
 Cornelius Polhamus. 
 
 David Horton. 
 
 Isaac Barton, Sr. 
 
 Peter Aldredge. 
 
 Henry W. Kipp. 
 
 James Denton. 
 
 Ebenezer Raimond. 
 
 Michael Redmon. 
 
 Joshua Bftish. 
 
 Caleb Lockwood. 
 
 CoukUn''a company^ April '23, 1779. 
 William Erwin. 
 James Quigley. 
 Isaac Benscouten. 
 Ebenezer Strickland. 
 Joel Campbell. 
 Lewis Slut. 
 Johannes Snyder. 
 William Wear. 
 Jacob Halstead. 
 Tunis Keysler. 
 
 Brush. 
 
 Israel Brush. 
 Nicholas Stephens. 
 William Roach. 
 
 Capt. Arthur Smithes company, 
 Arthur Smith, captain. 
 Isaac Fowler, first lieutenant. 
 John Foster, second lieutenant. 
 William Conklin, 
 John Kniltin, 
 James Clark, 
 
 Reuben Holmes, sergeants. 
 William Smith, 
 William Michael, 
 Suniuel Griggs, corporals. 
 Jonatlian Cosniau. 
 Josepli Hallett. 
 William Place. 
 Daniel Fowler. 
 Charles Kniffen. 
 Tunis Dalson. 
 George Merritt. 
 Dunkin Campbell. 
 John Owen. 
 Thomas Campbell. 
 
 Nt'irbimjh, Ajnil 24, 1779. 
 Burroughs Holms. 
 Solomon Comes. 
 James Warring. 
 William Ward. 
 John Fowler. 
 Jonas Southerd. 
 John Allen. 
 Jacob Wiggins. 
 Stephen Ireland. 
 Gilbert Aldridge. 
 Francis Smith. 
 Henry Cropsey. 
 John Kniffen. 
 Jacob Gillis. 
 Samuel Fowler. 
 John Davis. 
 Reuben Tooker. 
 John Handle. 
 Nicholas Watts. 
 James Clark. 
 
 A lint of the Exempts of Capt. ArUtiir Smith's company, April 23, 1779. 
 Arthur Smith, captain. Joseph Calfi'enter. 
 
 Henry Cropsey. 
 
 Isaac Fowler, lieutenant. 
 John Foster, lieutenant. 
 Wolvcrt Acker, ensign. 
 Nehemiah Fowler. 
 Charles Tooker. 
 
 Thomas Orr. 
 Hans Cosman, 
 John Strattou. 
 John Griggs. 
 
50 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Jonathan Owens. 
 Ricbard Oslmin. 
 Daniel KniffeD. 
 Daniel Purdy. 
 Daniel Riigards. 
 Daniel Thurston. 
 Jehiel Clark. 
 'William Michael. 
 Thomas Boeworth. 
 
 Thomas Ward. 
 Elijah Wiird. 
 Samuel Stratton. 
 George Merritt. 
 Jeremiah Howell. 
 John Fowler. 
 David Smith. 
 Gilbert Barton. 
 Thomas Burling. 
 
 Isaac Fowler, Sr.' 
 
 COL. CLINTON'S NEW ^VINDSOR REGIMENT. 
 
 James Clinton, colonel. 
 
 James McClaughry. lieutenant-colonel. 
 
 Jacob Newkirk, Moses Phillips, majors. 
 
 George Denniston, adjutant. 
 
 Alexander Trimble, quartermaster. 
 
 New Windsor— Eiutern t'o.— 1775— John Belknap, captain ; Silas Wood, 
 first lieutenant ; Edward Falls, second lieutenant ; James Stickuey, 
 Ensign. 
 
 Neiv M'indsor— Western Co.— 177G— James Humphrey, captain; James 
 Kernaghau, second lieutenant; Richard Wood, ensign.f 
 
 Neic Wimhor— Village Co.— 1775 — John Nicoll, captain ; Francis Mande- 
 vile, first lieutenant; Ilezekiah WTiite, second lieutenant; Leonard 
 D. Nicoll, ensign. 
 
 B<iiiover—Fir»t C«.— 1775— Matthew Felter, captain; Henry Smith, first 
 lieutenant; Jubannes Newkirk, Jr., second lieutenant; William 
 Crist, ensign. Formerly known as Capt. Newkirk 's company. 
 
 JJanoi-er— Second Co.— 1116 — William Jackson, captain ; Arthur Parks, 
 first lieutenant; James McEride, second lieutenant; Andrew Neely, 
 ensign. Formerly Capt. Goldsmith's company. 
 
 Banover—Third Co.— 1775— Cadwallader C. Colden, captain ; James Mil- I 
 ligan, first lieutenant; John Hunter, second lieutenant; Matthew i 
 Hunter, Ensign. Formerly known as Capt. Colden's company. Mil- , 
 ligan subsequently captain. I 
 
 Hanarer— Fourth Co. — 1775— John J. Graham, captain; Samuel Barkley, I 
 first lieutenant; Joseph Crawford, second lieutenant; James Mc- 
 Curdy, ensign. Formerly Capt. Crage's company. 
 
 Hanover— Fifth Co.— 1775— John Gillespie, captain; Jason Wilkins, first 
 lieutenant ; Robei-t Hunter, Jr., second lieutenant ; Samuel Gillespie, 
 ensign. Formerly Capt. Galatian's company. 
 WalUc'dl— First Co.— 1775— Samuel Watkins, captain; David Crawford, 
 first lieutenant; Stephen Harlow, second lieutenant ; Henry Smith, 
 ensign. Company located on the east side of the Wallkill. 
 WaUhiU— Second Co.— 1775— William Faulkner, Jr., captain; Edward 
 McNeal, fii-st lieutenant; John Wilkins, second lieutenant; John 
 Faulkner, ensign. Company located on west side uf Wallkill, " be- 
 tween the said Wallkill and the Little Shawangunk Kill." 
 Wallkill— Third Co.— 1775—Isaiab Velie, captain ; Israel Wickham, first 
 lieutenant; John Diinning, second lieutenant; Jonathan Owen, en- 
 sign. Company located between the Wallkill and the Little Shawan- 
 gunk, to the southward of Capt. Faulkner's company district. 
 Wall kiU— Fourth Co.— 1775— William Denniston, captain ; Benjamin 
 Velie, first lieutenant; Joseph Gillet, second lieutenant; David Coi-- 
 win, Jr., ensign. Company located to the northwest of Little Shawan- 
 gunk Kill. 
 
 There Avere, of course, many changes in these com- 
 mandK during the Revolution, but of which we have 
 found no record. The duties specially assigned to 
 the active members of the militia were, "in case of 
 any alarm, invasion, or insurrection,-" to immediately 
 
 * These returns are not of official record. The original rolls from 
 which they are taken were accidentally discovered in a quantity of 
 old paper sent to market in 1864. Of their genuineness there is not the 
 slightest doubt. 
 
 t Prior to the organization of this company two companies had ex- 
 isted in New Windsor, attached to Col. Ellison's regiment, one in New 
 Windsor Village and one in Little Britain, — tlie former commanded by 
 Capt. Wilham Ellison, who was superseded by Nicoll. Of the old Little 
 Britain company, James McClaughry was captain, George Denniston, 
 lieutenant, and John Burnet, James Humphrey, James Faulkner, Jacob 
 Newkirk, Richard Wood, William Telford, Samuel Logan, James Ker- 
 naghan, and Alexander Beatty among its members. 
 
 repair, "properly armed and accoutred,'* to the habi- 
 tations of the captains of the companies to which they 
 belonged, or to a duly appointed rendezvous. Cap- 
 tains were required to march their companies, when 
 thus assembled, " to oppose the enemy, and at the 
 same time send off an express to the commanding 
 officer of the regiment or brigade," who was in turn 
 required " to march with the whole or part of his 
 command," as he should judge necessary. By the 
 law of 1778, those " who, in ordinary circumstances 
 would be exempt," were organized in companies to 
 repel invasions and suppress insurrections. 
 
 During the early years of the war of the Revolu- 
 tion the militia was kept in a state of demoralization 
 by the formation of 
 
 SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONS AND CONTINENTAL 
 REGIMENTS. 
 
 The first of the special militia organizations was 
 that known as Minute Men, which was formally rec- 
 ommended by the Continental Congress to the sev- 
 eral provinces for adoption in May, 1775. Under the 
 militia bill of August 2'2d, the Provincial Convention 
 of New York accepted the plan, and provided " that 
 after the whole militia" was formed, iu the manner 
 already detailed, '' every fourth man of each com- 
 pany" should be "selected for minute men" of such 
 persons as were wuUing to enter into that "necessary 
 service." The persons thus selected were to be or- 
 ganized iu companies and elect officers, except iu 
 cases where an entire company of any regiment 
 should otier its services, when it was to be commanded 
 by the officers already chosen. The companies were 
 to be organized in regiments under officers corre- 
 sponding with those of the regular militia, and the 
 manner in which they were called out was similar ; 
 but they were required to meet in subdivisions for 
 military drill at least four hours in each week, and iu 
 companies for the same purpose at least four hours 
 every fortnight, and when in service were subject to 
 the orders of officers of the Continental army, and 
 entitled to the "same allowance, as to pay and pro- 
 visions, with the Continental forces." The plan, how- 
 ever, was not satisfactory in its operation, and it was 
 abolished iu Juue, 1776. In the mean time the pro- 
 visions of the law were generally complied with. In 
 the southern district of Ulster three companies were 
 raised, viz. : 
 
 Neichtirgh Miuute Co. — Uriah Drake, captain ; Jacob Lawrence, first lieu- 
 tenant ; William Ervin, second lieutenant; Thomas Dunn, ensign. 
 
 New Windsor Minute Co. — Samuel Logan, captain ; John Robinson, en- 
 sign; David Mandeville and John Scofiehl, sergeants. 
 
 Hanouer Minute Co. — Peter Hill, captain ; James Latta, first lieutenant ; 
 Nathaniel Hill, second lieutenant; William Goodyier, ensign. 
 
 With a company organized in Marlborough a regi- 
 mental organization was effected, of which Thomas 
 Palmer was colonel; Thos. Johnston, Jr., lieutenant- 
 colonel ; Arthur Parks, first major; Samuel Logan, 
 second major; Isaac Belknap, quartermaster. Com- 
 panies were also organized in Goshen, Cornwall, etc., 
 
MILITARY HISTORY. 
 
 51 
 
 and a regiment formed, of which Isaac Nicoll was 
 colonel ; Gilbert Cooper, lieutenant-colonel ; Henry 
 V. Verbeyck, first major; Hezekiah Howell, Jr., 
 second major; Ebenezer WoodhuU, adjutant; Ne- 
 hemiah Carpenter, quartermaster.* The companies 
 organized for this regiment were : 
 
 Comimtll Minnie Co. — ThoDi.as Moffat, captain ; Setli Marvin, first lieu- 
 tenant; James Little, second lieutenant; Nathan Strong, ensign, 
 succeeded by Williitni Bradley. 
 
 Goshat Mimile Co. — Moses Hetfield, captain ; Cole Gale, and Daniel Ev. 
 erett, lieutenants. At another date, James Butler and William Bar. 
 ker named as lieutenants, and William Carpenter, ensign. 
 
 The second special organization of the militia in- 
 cluded the several drafts made to reinforce the army 
 at different times. The first draft occurred in June, 
 1776, when four battalions were organized for service 
 in the vicinity of New York City, to which Orange 
 County sent three companies and Ulster four, as part 
 of Gen. John Morin Scott's brigade. The second 
 draft was made in July, 177G, and embraced one- 
 fourth of the militia under command of Cols. Isaac 
 Nicoll and Levi Pauling, the whole constituting a 
 brigade under Gen. George Clinton. The third draft 
 was in September, 1776, for sis hundred men to rein- 
 force the garrison at Forts Clinton and Montgomery, 
 of which number sixty-two were drawn from Col. 
 Hasbrouck's regiment, and the whole placed under 
 command of Johannes Snyder. Details in regard to 
 the officers and privates in these and subsequent drafts 
 are not of record, but it is known that under them the 
 militia were in varying numbers almost constantly 
 employed. 
 
 On the 2.3d of July, 1776, companies of Rangers 
 were authorized for the protection of the inhabitants 
 of the northern and western frontiers of the province. 
 These companies were to hold themselves in constant 
 readiness for service, with a view especially to pre- 
 vent the incursions of Indians and Tories, but were 
 to be confined entirely to the counties in which they 
 were raised, unless by mutual consent of the commit- 
 tees of adjoining counties, or unless otherwise directed 
 by the convention. Three companies were organized 
 in Ulster County, under Capts. Isaac Belknap, of 
 Newburgh, Jacob R. DeWitt, of Deerpark, and Elias 
 Hasbrouck, of Kingston. Capt. Belknap's company 
 was composed (Oct. 7, 1776) as follows: 
 
 Isaac Belknap, captaiu. 
 
 Henry Schooumaker, firet lieu- 
 tenant. 
 
 Petrns Koosa, second lieuten- 
 ant. 
 
 David Clark, corporal. 
 
 Samuel Falls. 
 
 Thomas Jackson. 
 
 Corns. Vanderburgh. 
 
 Marcus Wackman. 
 
 Christian Dupont. 
 
 Isaac Utter. 
 
 Aaron Roosa. 
 
 John Hisson. 
 
 John McNeal. 
 Abraham Garrison. 
 Robert Harris. 
 John Caverly. 
 Jonathan Cliatfield. 
 Stepbanus Ecker. 
 Matthew Robinson. 
 Jas. Dailey. 
 Wilhemus Roosa. 
 George Hack. 
 Darius Worden. 
 Saml. Chard. 
 James Humphrey. 
 James Carscaden. 
 
 Philip Aing. 
 Petrus Roosa. 
 Ed. McClannon. 
 Elisha Willard. 
 Robert Gillespy. 
 
 John Mallot. 
 Thomas Pattereon. 
 John Willard. 
 John Christie. 
 Joshua Griffen. 
 
 * Both regiments were on duty in the Highlands in 1775-76. — Proc. 
 Proi: Omv., 381. 
 
 The first active service of the company was under 
 the direction of the Committee of Safety at Fishkill. 
 In February, 1777, it was attached to Governor Clin- 
 ton's brigade, and was thereafter kept busy in the 
 Highlands.! The organization was abandoned, 
 March, 1777. 
 
 The first New York, or " Continental" regiments as 
 they were called, were constituted in 1775 for the 
 term of six months. These regiments were four in 
 number, and were commanded respectively by Alex. 
 McDougall, Goose Van Schaick, Jairfes Clinton, and 
 James Holmes. Col. Clinton's regiment (the third) 
 was largely composed of Orange and Ulster County 
 men, the district embraced in the present county of 
 Orange furnishing two companies, viz.: Capt. Daniel 
 Denton's, of Goshen, and Capt. John Nicholson's, of 
 New Windsor. The regiments were in the expedi- 
 tion against Canada in the fall and winter of 1775. 
 On the 8th of January, 1776, the Continental Con- 
 gress issued its first formal call for troops for the pur- 
 pose of reinforcing the army in Canada. Under this 
 call New York furnished one battalion, of which Col. 
 Van Schaick was continued in command. (_)n the 
 19th of January of the same year the second call was 
 issued, under which New York was required to fur- 
 nish four battalions " to garrison the several forts of 
 the colony from Crown Point to the southward, and 
 to prevent depredations upon Long Island, and pro- 
 mote the safety of the whole." These battalions 
 were assigned to the command of Alex. McDougall, 
 James Clinton, Rudolphus Ritzema, and Philip Van 
 Cortlandt. The quota of Orange County was two 
 companies, and that of Ulster three companies, 
 which were filled in April following, the companies 
 being Capt. Daniel Denton's, of Goshen, Capt. Amos 
 Hutchins', of Orangetown, and Capt. AVilliam Roe's, 
 of Cornwall, from Orange County, and Capt. John 
 Belknap's, of New Windsor, Capt. William Jackson's, 
 of Montgomery, and Capt. Cornelius Hardenburgh's, 
 of Hurley, from Ulster County. Capt. Roe's com- 
 pany was in excess of the quota. Denton's and 
 Hutchins' companies were in Ritzema's regiment, 
 and the other companies in Clinton's regiment. On 
 the 16th of September the Continental Congress 
 
 f Jour. Prov. Conv., .^36, ^IS, etc. The names of the members of Capt. 
 Belknap^s company are from a memorandum-book found among his 
 papers, and are no doubt correct. The same book contains a diary of 
 the services of the company during the month of October, 1776, from 
 which it appears that its first muster for duty was at the house of Mrs. 
 Ann DuBois, in Marllwrough, on the 7th of that month. It marched from 
 thence to Fishkill, and reported to the Convention on the 17th, when it 
 was placed " under the direction of the committee for trying tories." It 
 was still at Fishkill in January, 1777. There is little room for doubt- 
 ilig that Capt. Belknap was the original of Cooper's Capt. Towusend in 
 " The Spy." There was certainly no other company of rangers at Fish- 
 kill. 
 
52 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 issued its third call for troops, under which New 
 York was required to ftirnish four battalions "to 
 serve during the war." These battalions were the 
 first of their class, and were placed under the com- 
 mand of Cols. Goose Van Schaick, Philip Van Cort- 
 landt, Peter Gansevort, and Henry B. Livingston. 
 Ulster furnished three companies to Col. James 
 Gansevort's regiment, of which Capt. James Greggs', 
 of New Windsor, was one, and one compan}' — Capt. 
 William Jackson's, of Montgomery — to Col. Living- 
 ston's regiment. In July previous, the Continental 
 Congress authorized a commission to Maj. Lewis Du- 
 Bois, of Col. Hasbrouck's regiment of militia, to raise 
 a battalion "for three years or the war,"' but the Con- 
 vention of New York objected, and the matter was 
 held in abeyance. Now, however, the Convention 
 asked authority to recruit a fifth battalion, of which 
 Maj. DuBois should have the command, and, the re- 
 quest being granted, the battalion was commissioned. 
 While more or less mixed by general recruiting, this 
 battalion was regarded as tlie battalion of the district 
 the history of which we are considering. It was 
 ordered to garrison Fort Montgomery in March, and 
 was on duty there in the action of October, 1777, 
 when it su.stained a heavy loss in killed, wounded, 
 and prisoners. Ite field-officers were: 
 
 Lewis DuBois, coloiiol; commissioned June 25, 1776 ; resigned Dec. 29, 
 
 1779. 
 Jacobus Bruyn, lieutenant-colonel ; commissioned June 25, 1776; taken 
 
 prisoner at Fort Montgomerj', Oct. 6, 1777. 
 Marinus Willett, lieutenant-colonel ; commissioned Jnly 1, 1780. 
 Samuel Li'gau, major ; commissioned June 20,1776; takeu prisoner at 
 
 Fort Montgomery; exchanged Dec. 21,1780; served to the end of 
 
 the war. 
 Henry DuBois, adjutant ; commissioned Nov. 21, 1776; promoted captain 
 
 July 1, 1780. 
 Nehemiah Carpenter, quartermaster; commissioned Nov. 21, 177G; taken 
 
 prisoner at Fort Montgomery ; excliange<l and promoted lieutenant. 
 Samuel Townsend, paymaster; commissioned Nov. 21, 1776. 
 John Gano, chaplain; commissioned Nov. 21, 1776; promoted brigade 
 
 cliaplaiu; served to tiie end of tlie war. 
 Samuel Cook, surgeon ; commissioned Nov. 21,1776; served to the end 
 
 of the war. 
 Ebenezer Hutcliinson, surgeon's mate; commissioned June 12, 1778. 
 
 The battalions authorized under this call, and Col. 
 Lamb's artillery, — which drew many officers and pri- 
 vates from Orange and Ulster, — were the only three 
 years' regiments raised in the State during the Revo- 
 lution, and were kept in the field by levies and by 
 recruiting for shorter periods to supply vacancies in 
 their ranks. 
 
 UNIFORMS AND EQUIPAGE. 
 
 The uniform which was worn by the Continental 
 regiments varied with the ability of the authorities to 
 purchase the materials. The regiments raised in 
 1775 were clothed in the same general style but in 
 difterent colors. The first had blue broadcloth dress 
 coats with crimson cuffs and facings ; the second had 
 light broivn coats with blue cuffs and facings ; the third 
 had gray coats with green cuffs and facings ; the 
 fourth had dark brown coats with scarlet cuffs and 
 facings. Their breeches (as they were called) and 
 
 waistcoats were of Russia drilling ; the former were 
 short (to the knee) and the latter long (to the hips). 
 Their stockings were long ( from the knee), of " coarse 
 woolen homespun ;" low shoes, linen cravats, and 
 round low-crowned broad-brimmed felt hats. The 
 regiments raised in January, 1776, were supplied with 
 hunting-frocks in lieu of coats, and in June the Rus- 
 sia drillings gave place to " brain-dressed deer's 
 leather sufficient to make each soldier one waistcoat 
 and one pair of breeches." The established uniform 
 of the troops, however, so far as there was one, was 
 the hunting-frock, which came in under the order of 
 the Continental Congress in 1776. These frocks have 
 the same description wherever sjwken of. " The uni- 
 form of the South Carolina rebels," says an English 
 writer, "is a hunfing-shirt such as the farmers' ser- 
 vants in England wear;" and another, referring to 
 the Continental soldiers who were killed at Fort 
 Montgomery, says, " they had on frocks such as our 
 farmers' servants wear," from which fact it was pre- 
 sumed they were militia-men, instead of members of 
 Col. DuBois' regiment as they were. The description 
 by the Hessian officer, Briefwechsel, of the army 
 under Gen. Gates at Saratoga, which was composed of 
 over nine thousand regular troops, may be accepted 
 as apjilicable to the entire army of the Revolution at 
 that time. The rank and file, he writes, "were not 
 equipped in any uniform." A few of the officers wore 
 regimentals ; and those fashioned to their own notions 
 according to cut and color. Brown coats with sea- 
 green facings, white linings and silver trimmings, and 
 gray coats in abundance, with buff facings and cuffs, 
 and gilt buttons ; in short, every variety of pattern. 
 The brigadiers and generals wore uniforms and belts 
 which designated their rank, but most of the colonels 
 and other officers were in their ordinary clothes ; " a 
 musket and bayonet in hand, and a cartridge-box or 
 powder-horn over the shoulder." The Continental 
 uniform, now generally accepted as such, was not 
 adopted until 1780, when, by general orders (June 
 2Sth), all officers were directed " to wear their coats 
 with buff facings and linings, yellow buttons, white 
 or buff' under-clothes, with a black and white feather 
 in their hats." 
 
 The equipage of the militia, as well as of the early 
 Continental regiments, consisted of " a good musket 
 or firelock and bayonet, sword or tomahawk, a steel 
 ramrod, worm, priming-wire and brush fitted thereto, 
 a cartouch-box to contain twenty-three rounds of car- 
 tridges, twelve flints, and a knapsack, one pound of 
 powder, and three pounds of bullets." The muskets 
 were of a variety of patterns ; the long gun of the 
 old French war, the shorter standard musket of the 
 English army, and a scant as.sortment of rifles. The 
 Convention of New York endeavored, in its con- 
 tracts,* to secure uniformity by providing that the 
 
 * Robert Boyd established, in June, 1775, a forge in New Windsor, 
 just south of Quassaick Creek, for the manufacture of muskets and bay- 
 
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 
 
 53 
 
 musket-barrel should be " three feet and a half in 
 length, and of three-fourths of an inch bore, well 
 fortified at the breech," and that bayonets should be 
 " one foot and nine inches from the shoulder;" but as 
 there were few gunsmiths in the province at that time 
 (1776), it was not until after arms were received 
 from France that there was a perceptible regularity or 
 a sufficient quantity to supply the troops. Mean- 
 while spears, spontoons, and tomahawks were called 
 into use and became effective weapons.* Not only 
 did the district now comprising the county of Orange 
 furnish men and arms, but within its limits were es- 
 tablished tlie first works for the manufacture of pow- 
 der, of which (January, 1778) "near 2000 weight" 
 was delivered to the order of the Convention of the 
 State, and the remainder of their production " to the 
 several orders of Gen. Washington and Gen. Schuyler 
 at difierent times." 
 
 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 
 Having enumerated as far as fragmentary records 
 will permit the military organization of the district 
 down to and including the heroic era of the Revolu- 
 tion, a brief review of their services in the field 
 obliges a return to the French and Indian war of 
 1755. This was peculiarly a frontier war, although a 
 war in which the question of English supremacy in 
 all that section of North America over which the 
 English flag was floating at the outbreak of the Revo- 
 lution. The Indians of the Delaware River country 
 (the ancient Lenapes and Minsis) had grievances to 
 adjust which led them to become the allies of the 
 French. They had sold their lands to William Penn, 
 who, perhaps under the expectation of arranging the 
 boundaries himself to the satisfaction of the grantors, 
 had drawn a deed of which advantage could be taken, 
 and his successors, the proprietaries of Pennsylvania, 
 were not slow to improve it, — literally " running" the 
 boundaries of the famous " walking purchase." The 
 Minsis had special complaint against the traders in 
 the Minisink country who had made them drunk and 
 defrauded them of the purchase-money of their lands; 
 wlio invariably, by the same process, defrauded them 
 of the price of the peltries which they brought in. 
 The Delawares complained ; the proprietaries sum- 
 moned them to a council, with chiefs of the Six 
 Nations as arbitrators ; feasted the latter and loaded 
 them with presents. The result may be anticipated: 
 the Delawares, then tributary to the Six Nations, and 
 the special wards of the Senecas, were obliged to re- 
 
 onets. The Convention voted to pay him " three pounds fifteen sliillings, 
 New Yorli money, for each good musket witli steel ramrod, and l»ayonet 
 with scabbard." In February, ITT6, he was able to write that he liad 
 " the best gunsmitlis' shop in the colonies ;" but nevertheless its capacity 
 was limited from the tlifticulfy in obtaining workmen. 
 
 * The Provincial Convention of New York ordered (Sept. 4, 1776) the 
 manufacture of four thousand lances or spontoons to arm the militia for 
 whom no guns could be obtained. Eight hundred were sent to Orange, 
 and the same number to Ulster County. (Proc, 607.) Tomahawks were 
 a favoiite implement, and many thousand were furnished the troops. As 
 a whole, the equipage of the army was not inetfectivo. 
 
 linquish their lands and remove to Wyoming. Not 
 satisfied with what they had wrongfully obtained, the 
 proprietaries followed up their advantage with the 
 Six Nations, and, with the Susquehanna Company of 
 Connecticut, bought the lands at Wyoming. The 
 transaction so incensed the Senecas, who had been 
 but partially represented in the matter, that they 
 drove from their ranks their best chief for his par- 
 ticipation in it, and removed the " petticoat" from 
 the Delawares and bade them defend their homes. 
 The latter were ready for the work. Liberated from 
 the thraldom to which they had been subjected for 
 nearly a century, and with all its grievances to redress, 
 the chiefs of the East met those of the West in coun- 
 cil at Alleghany; rehearsed their wrongs, and declared 
 that wherever the white man had settled within the 
 territory which they claimed, or of which they had 
 been defrauded, there they would strike him as best 
 they could with such weapons as they could com- 
 mand ; and that the blow might be effectually dealt, 
 each warrior-chief was charged to kill and scalp and 
 burn within the precincts of his birthright, and all 
 simultaneously, from the frontiers down to the heart 
 of the settlements, until the English should sue for 
 peace and promise redress. 
 
 In October following, with their allies, painted 
 black for war, in bantls with murderous intent, they 
 moved eastward, and the line of the Blue Mountains, 
 from the Delaware to the Susquehanna, became the 
 scene of the carnival which they held with torch and 
 tomahawk during many coming months. The Minsis 
 performed their part, and on the frontiers of Orange 
 and Ulster Counties, and New Jersey, but principally 
 within the limits of the Minisink Patent, were re- 
 peated the fearful ravages of the more remote dis- 
 tricts of Pennsylvania. The settlements were small, 
 at considerable distance from each other, and much 
 exposed to the surprises of the Indians, whose incur- 
 sions were frequent. The people, especially in the 
 contested district, were kept in almost perpetual 
 alarm, and under such " continued military duty as 
 to be rendered incapable of taking care of their pri- 
 vate affairs for the support of their families." An 
 extent of country, on the west side of the Wallkill, of 
 fifteen miles in length and seven or eight in breadth, 
 which was " well and thickly settled, was abandoned 
 by the inhabitants, who, for their safety, removed ' 
 their families to the east side of the river, and became 
 a charge on the charity of their neighbors," while 
 others " removed to distant parts, and some out of the 
 province."! 
 
 "Fatigues of body, in continually guarding and 
 ranging the woods, and anxiety of mind which the 
 inhabitants could not avoid, by their being exposed 
 to a cruel and savage enemy, increased by the per- 
 petual lamentations of the women and children," 
 were not the only evils which the inhabitants suf- 
 
 + N. Y. MSS., Ixxxii. 107, etc. 
 
54 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 fered. Tlirec men ■vvcr' killed at C'neheeton ; five men 
 at Philip Bwiirtwout's ; Benjamin Sutton and one 
 Eude, two of the Goshen militia, were killed at Mini- 
 sink ; Morgan Owen was killed and scalped about 
 four miles from Goshen ; a woman, taken ])risoner at 
 Minisink, was killed and lior body cut in halves and 
 left by the highway ; Silas Mulct's house was robbed 
 and he himself narrowly escaped. " Frnni almut the 
 Drowned Lands for fifteen miles down the Wallkill, 
 where fifty families dwelt, all save four abandoned 
 their fields and crops."* 
 
 Tending negotiations for peace, hostilities were 
 8US])cnded during the year 1756, but in August of the 
 succeeding year, says Niles, "one James Tidd was 
 8cali)ed in the Minisinks. About this time also, one 
 James Watson, with James Mullen, went out on 
 some business, and were fired upon by a party of In- 
 dians. Watson was found killed and scalped; Mul- 
 len was carried off, as was concluded, not being found 
 or heanl of. About the 19th of September, Patrick 
 Karr was scali)ed and killed at a place called Mini- 
 sink Bridge. Some time in October, in Ulster County, 
 the Indians fired into the farthermost house in Roch- 
 ester, and killed two women, but were repulsed by 
 two men.t 
 
 "On the Ifith of May, 1758, about two o'clock in 
 the afternoon, about thirteen Indians rushed into the 
 house of one Nicholas Cole, on the frontiers of the 
 Jerseys, if I mistake not. Cole not being at home, 
 they immediately pinioned his wife, and tomahawked 
 their son-in-law, about eighteen years old, and drag- 
 ged her (Mrs. Cole) out of doors, where her eldest 
 daughter, about thirteen years old, lay murdered, and 
 a boy aged eight, and her youngest daughter aged 
 about four. This last — the poor, helpless old woman 
 saw the cruel savages thrust their spears into the 
 body of their gasping infant. They rifled the house, 
 and then carried her and her son ott', after they had 
 scalped the slain above mentioned. 
 
 "Soon after they were joined by two Indians with 
 two German captives they had taken that day, and 
 killed and scali)ed another, in one Anthony West- 
 brook's field, near Minisink, so called. Not long 
 after. Cole returned home, where to his great surprise 
 he found his four children murdered, and his wife 
 and other son missing. Upon which he went to 
 Minisink (Napanoch) Fort,| and got a few soldiers 
 
 * "All the families between the deponent's house and Minisink, to the 
 nniount of one Imndied aiifi fifty persons, have deserted those settle- 
 ments and come into four frontier houses, one of which is the deponent's 
 house, which is now a frontier house on that side, and which was, last 
 year, hfteen or sixteen miles within the settlements at Minisink, and 
 about sixteen miles from Hudson's River." — AJidavU of James Howell, 
 N. Y. MSS., Ixxxii. 
 
 f The attack here spoken of was on the house of Peter Jan, in the 
 southwestern part of Uochester. Jan's house was burned and one of his 
 daughters, and two men who acted as scouts, were killed. Ills wife and 
 two datighters, and himself and two sons, who wore in the field, escaped. 
 —Doc. Hie., il. 703, 704. 
 
 X Napanoch, Meepenack, and Peenpack refer to one and the same 
 place. 
 
 to a.ssist him in burying his children and the German. 
 The soldiers joined with some of the neighbors that 
 evening to cross the Delaware River at daylight, and 
 waylay the road to Wyoming ; and as four of them 
 were going to one Chambers', about two o'clock at 
 night, they heard the Indians coming down a hill to 
 cross the Delaware, as was supposed, when one of the 
 four fired on them. They immediately fled, giving a 
 yell after their manner. The woman they led with a 
 string about her neck, and the boy by the hand ; who, 
 finding themselves loose, made their escape along the 
 road, and happily met at James McCarty's,-the boy 
 first and aftcrwiird the woman. 
 
 "The daughter of one Widow Walling, living near 
 Fort Gardiner, between Goshen and Minisink, going 
 out to pick up some chips for the fire, was shot at by 
 three Indians. Her shrieks alarmed the people. Her 
 brother, looking out at a garret window, and seeing a 
 fellow disptitching and scalping his sister, fired at 
 them and was pretty certain he wounded one of them. 
 The old woman, during this, with her other daughter 
 and son, made oft" and escaped. 
 
 " About this time (beginning of June), a sergeant 
 went from Waasing^ to Minisink with a party of men, 
 but returned not at the time they were expected. 
 Upon which a larger jiarty went out in search of 
 them, and at their arrival at Minisink, found seven 
 of them killed and scalped, three wounded, and a 
 woman and four children carried off". Near about the 
 same time, a house was beset by a party of Indians, 
 where were seventeen persons, who were killed, as I 
 remember the account. A man and a boy traveling 
 on the road with their muskets, were fired on by some 
 Indians in ambush. The man was killed, but the boy 
 escaped, having first killed one of the Indians. Not 
 far from this time — whether before or after I am not 
 certain — the Indians killed seven New York soldiers. 
 This slaughter was committed at a place called West- 
 fall's." 
 
 Such is the imperfect record of these hostilities, at- 
 tested by the most respectable residents of the dis- 
 trict, — among others by Col. Thomas Ellison and Col. 
 Charles Clinton, of the settlements on the Hudson, 
 which, though exempt from the brand of the enemy, 
 were not the less sufferers by the war, their male in- 
 habitants being in almost continual service on the 
 frontiers, and their dwellings converted into places of 
 defense. That the incursions of the Indians on the 
 frontiers were not continued in their first severity 
 was due in part to the erection by Governor Hardy, 
 in the summer of 1757, of a series of block-houses 
 along the western frontier,|| and in part to the nego- 
 
 § Wawarsing block-house, probably. 
 
 II " From a place called Machakamak to the town of Kochester." — 
 Goi\ llardifa MetsMije. Mr. Guamer states that at this time there were 
 three small forts in the Upper Neighborhood and three in the Lower 
 Neighborhood. "One in the Upper Neighborhood wiLs on the Neversink, 
 at the northeast end of the settlement; one at the house of Peter Gua* 
 mer, in the central part of the ueighborhood, and the third at the south- 
 
WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 55 
 
 tiations which had been instituted with Teedyuscung, 
 the king of the Delawares, who, seeking only the re- 
 dress of his people, was ready to restrain them from 
 war could that end l)e secured by other means. In 
 Octolier, 17o8, the proprietaries surrendered their 
 titles and recognized the right of the government to 
 arrange the boundaries of the lands claimed under 
 them ; the Minsis were paid for their lands in the 
 Minisink country ; an exchange of prisoners was 
 agreed to, and terms of peace eoneludcd. Subse- 
 quently the Indian allies of the French held the 
 frontier under terror until after the close of the war, 
 when the avocations of the pioneers were resumed 
 and their rude forts permitted to decay. 
 
 The services of the militia during this struggle come 
 down to us in imperfect records. Writes Col. Thomas 
 Ellison in 1757 : " It is but too well known liy the late 
 numerous murders barbarously committed on our l)or- 
 ders, that the county of Ulster and the north end of 
 Orange is become the only frontier part of the pro- 
 vince left unguarded and exposed to the cruel incur- 
 sions of the Indian enemy, and the inhabitants of 
 these parts have been obliged to perform very hard 
 military duty for these two years past, in ranging the 
 woods and guarding the frontiers, these two counties 
 keeping out almost constantly from fifty to one hun- 
 dred men ; sometimes by forced detachments of the 
 militia and at other times by voluntary subscriptions; 
 nay, often two bimdred men, which has been an in- 
 supportable burthen on the poor people. And yet all 
 the militia of these parts were ordered to march to 
 Fort Edward, while the officers had no orders to leave 
 a detachment to guard the frontiers. . . . The gener- 
 ality of them marched as soon as it was possible to 
 get so scattered a people together ; and I would say 
 for the three hundred who went out of the little dis- 
 tressed Second Regiment of Ulster, that men never 
 marched with more cheerfulness." 
 
 From Col. Vincent Mathews' regiment nothing 
 
 appears but eloquent bills : 
 
 £ «. (t. 
 
 To Lieut. Samuel Denton auJ Company 14 16 
 
 Kusign TiKunas Bull and Company 15 11 
 
 Sergeant Benj. Booth and Company 7 G 
 
 Capt. George De Kay, going express from Goshen to Mini- 
 sink for Gov. Hardy in 1766 2 
 
 Col. Vincent Mathews for guides for regulars posted at 
 
 Goshen, from October, 17.57, to February, 17.'"iS 97 10 
 
 Capt. John Wisner and Company as scouts in 17.'t7 7 13 9 
 
 Lieut. Calvin Bradnerfor tailing horses homo from Sara- 
 toga, by order of Col. De Kay, 1757 5 10 
 
 Samuel Gale, for provisions to troops on frontiers, near 
 
 Goshen 60 
 
 Calvin Carpenter, in Capt. Case's Company, 1758 2 12 
 
 Capt. John Bull and detachment, 176S 17 8 
 
 Lieut. Kobert Denton and detachment, 1758 17 9 
 
 Daniel Gale, in Capt. AVisner's Co., 17.37 10 
 
 Doct.Johu Gale, attending sick, 175(i 30 
 
 Maj. Wm. Thompson for guarding frontiers, 1758 40 
 
 Cui. Benjamin Tustin, Capt. Daniel Cuae, and Capt. J. 
 Bull for money advanced in building block-houses 
 
 Hob. 1 and 2 on the western frontiers in Jan. 1757 100 
 
 west end of the settlement. These forts were occupied by about twelve 
 families and a few soldiers who were there from time to time. The loca- 
 tions of the forts in the Lower NeighborhiKJtl are not known. They 
 gave protection to about eighteen families." In a subscpient paragraph 
 lie says that " Westfall's Fort" wim in the lower part of tlic latter neigh- 
 borhood. 
 
 Lieut. John Denton and Company for guarding Col. 
 (CharlesJ Clinton and De Kay in laying out the 
 ground, etc., for block-houses 6 12 
 
 Hugh Dobbin, in Capt. Wisner's tympany, for jiasturage 
 of 115 horses of Col. De Kay's regiment in Albany 
 when Fort William Henry was taken 4 7 
 
 Peter Cartel-, David Benjamin, Pliilip Reid, and Francis 
 Armstrong for guarding Geoi-ge De Kay as Express 
 from Goshen to Minisink in 175G 4 
 
 James Sayre and Ebenezer Gilbert and Companies for 
 guarding block-houses in February, 17.'J7 46 4 
 
 Further research is unnecessary. From the dark 
 and almost forgotten field of this important struggle 
 we turn to 
 
 THE WAk OF THE KEVOLUTION. 
 
 It is perhaps unnecessary to say that the people of 
 Orange and Ulster, and especially of the district now 
 composing the county of Orange, acted with great 
 unanimity in the war for independence, not only in 
 their political associations but in their military organ- 
 izations. During the earlier years of the struggle the 
 militia were almost constantly under arms or engaged 
 in the construction of the fort.s in the Highlands, and 
 in preparing obstructions to the navigation of Hud- 
 son's River. It was during this period, too, that the 
 companies already named as belonging to the first 
 Continental regiments (1775) took part in the Canada 
 expedition. In July, 1776, apprehending a move- 
 ment of the enemy up the Hudson, the Provincial 
 Convention ordered that " one-fourth part of the 
 militia of the counties of Orange and Ulster be drawn 
 out for the defense of this State" and "stationed in 
 the Highlands on the west side of Hudson's River to 
 guard the defiles." Two regiments were organized 
 under this order: one from Ulster, Levi Pauling, 
 colonel, and one from Orange, Isaac Nicoll, colonel ; 
 Gilbert Cooper, lieutenant-colonel; Samuel Logan, 
 major. A more sweeping requisition was made in 
 December, when, after the capture of New York, the 
 British followed Washington into New Jersey, they 
 were ordered to co-operate with the forces under Gens. 
 Lee and Gates in that State. Assembling at Chester,* 
 they marched thence to a place called "the City, at 
 the parting of the roads leading from Tappan to Pyra- 
 mus," under command of Gen. George Clinton. t 
 That their service in the field at this time was ardu- 
 ous and sacrificing is abundantly shown by a letter 
 written by Henry Wisner, Jr., under date of December 
 24th : " I have been visiting," he writes, " the differ- 
 ent battalions of militia, and finding them so uneasy 
 that I am afraid that, notwithstanding everything that 
 can be said and done, many of them will go home. 
 The situation of their families is so very distressing 
 that no argument can prevail with them. Many of 
 
 * " Resolved, That all the militia of Orange and Ulster Counties be 
 forthwith ordered to march, properly armed and accoutered, to Chester, in 
 Orange County, there to receive further orders from Gen. George Clinton 
 for eifectually coniperating with Maj. -Gen. Lee and Maj.-Gen. Gates, in 
 harassing and distressing the enemy, who liiLVe entered the State of New 
 Jersey." — lies. Prov. Coiw., Dec. 9, 1776. A subsequent order confined 
 them to the limits of New York. 
 
 t At that time brigadior-feoneral of militia of Ulster County ; subse- 
 quently Governor of the State. 
 
56 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 f 
 
 them left their families without wood, without meal, 
 and without fodder at home for their cattle, many of 
 their families without shoes, and some of them little 
 better here," and he might have added, perhaps, with- 
 out proper food, for he takes occasion to say that he 
 liad stoi)pcil, on his own responsibility, fortlieir use a 
 drove of cattle that were being sent to Pliiladil])hia. 
 The victory of Washington at Trenton changed the 
 aspect of the campaign, and they were soon after re- 
 turned to their homes. Their retirement, however, 
 was only temporary. As a part of Clinton's brigade 
 they were, for over two years, practically resolved into 
 minute men and placed under orders to march upon 
 signal to the defense of the Highlands;* special ser- 
 vices almost innumerable were thrown upon them.f 
 Rallying after the loss of Fort Montgomery, we see 
 them on the march to Kingston, struggling against 
 hope to save that jilace from tlie flames, and from 
 thence rcturningto Imild anew theirshattered citadels, 
 and to reapi>ear in the conHict at Minisink. 
 
 Although familiar, an abridged narrative of their 
 services in these fields may not be omitted in this con- 
 nection. In July, 177r), the British ministry, in ar- 
 ranging their plan for the suppression of tlie rebellion, 
 determined " to command the Hudson with a luimber 
 of small men-of-war and cutters, and maintain a safe 
 intercourse and correspondence between Quebec, Al- 
 bany, and New York, and thus afford the finest oppor- 
 tunity to their soldiery, and the Canadians in conjunc- 
 tion with the Indians, to make continual incursions 
 into Massachusetts, and divide the provincial forces, 
 so as to render it easy for the British army at Boston 
 to defeat them and break tlie spirits of the Massachu- 
 setts people, desolate their country, and compel an 
 absolute subjection to Great Britain." To counteract 
 this plan, the Continental Congress, in May of the 
 same year, at the suggestion of the Convention of 
 New York, resolved, '' that a post be taken in the 
 Highlands, on each side of Hudson's River, and bat- 
 teries erected, and that experienced persons be imme- 
 diately sent to examine said river in order to discover 
 where it would be most advisable and proper to ob- 
 struct the navigation." During the succeeding fall. 
 Forts Clinton and Montgomery were erected under 
 
 * "On tlio tiring of two cannon ut Furt Montgomery, and two at Fort 
 Constitntion, to be answered by two from tlie braes twenty-four-pounder 
 at New Windsor, the militia on the west side of Hudson's Kiver, in the 
 conutieB of Orange and Ulster, as far ua Col. Hiuibronck's regiment, in- 
 cluding the same, are to march by detacliments, without further notice, 
 as reinforcement of this garrison." — Ordi-r of Bri<j-Gett. Jamet Clitttou, 
 commandin'j at Fort Montgomery, July 10, 1777. From December, 177G, to 
 April, 1778, the militia wore called out twelve times and spent two hun- 
 dred and ninety-two days in the tield. 
 
 t A single instance of the numy recorded services of this nature is the 
 following, whicli occurred on the morning preceding the battle of Slinl- 
 slnk, and which accounts for the limited number of men in that action : 
 " On the evening of the 21st of this instant I received an order from his 
 excellency Gen. Wajihington, together with a reiinisition of the Com- 
 missary of Prisouors, to furnish one hundred men of my regiment to 
 guard the British jtnsoners on their way to Kaaton. I ordered three 
 companies of my regiment, including tlie exeni|tt company, to parade 
 for that puriioso." — JliiOioniU Htport, July 25, 177y. 
 
 the supervision of the Convention of New York, and 
 the navigation obstructed by means of chains, booms, 
 fire-ships, and vessels of war, during the summer of 
 1776.t The forts were largely garrisoned by the mi- 
 litia of the district, who were called together by a 
 system of beacons and signals, consisting of flags and 
 alarm-cannon by day, and beacon-fires upon the 
 mountain tops at night. The works were strengthened 
 during the summer of 1777, by the construction of 
 Fort Constitution on Constitution Island, and of Fort 
 Independence at Peekskill, and the eominand, on the 
 east side of the river, intrusted to Gen. Putnam ; 
 Governor Clinton and Gen. James Clinton and the 
 militia retaining the west side. 
 
 Scarcely had the work been completed when Bur- 
 goyne swept down from Canada with his splendid 
 army, and the campaign for the possession of the 
 Hudson opened. To aid in the movement, Howe 
 threatened an attack on Philadeliihia, by way of Dela- 
 wiire River, and thus forced Washington to draw men 
 from the Highlands until only fifteen hundred re- 
 mained. About the 20th of September, while Howe 
 was marching into Philadelphia and Burgoyne had 
 reached Saratoga, over three thousand British soldiers 
 arrived in New York, and there joined the armament 
 of Sir Henry Clinton, then in waiting, and in a few 
 days started to force their way up the Hudson. Mis- 
 leading Gen. Putnam by feigning an attack on Peeks- 
 kill, the.forees of the enemy crossed the river to Stony 
 Point, marched around the western base of the Dun- 
 derberg (October 7th I, and appeared before the forts. 
 The militia of the district, about six hundred in 
 number, that had been hastily called in the day 
 previous, united with the garrisons and made a most 
 heroic defense, fighting against superior numbers until 
 twilight, when they gave way and made a scattered 
 retreat, leaving behind them about three hundred of 
 their number in killed, wounded, and prisoners.^ 
 
 J The first obstructions consisted of a chain eighteen hundred feet in 
 length from tiie foot of the rock at Fort Montgomery to the base of .\n- 
 thony's Nose. A ccuisiderable portitin of it wa-s brought from Fort Ti- 
 conderoga, where it had been used to obstruct the river Sorel; the 
 remainder was manufactured at Ponghkeepsie. It was protected by a 
 boom of logs, and guarded by batteries on the shore. From Plum Point 
 to Pallopel's Island a clievaux-de-frise was constructed. The lire-sliips 
 were rafts loaded with combustibles. The shipBK)f-war were two armed 
 frigates, two galleys, and an armed sloop. 
 
 g The following report of the action was made by Governor Clinton to 
 Gen. Waahington : 
 
 "New Windsor, Oct. 9, 1777. 
 
 "Dear Genekal, — I have to inform you that, in consequence of in- 
 telligence received by Gen. Putnam from Gen. Parsons {who lay with 
 his brigade at the White Plains), of the enemy's having received a 
 reinforcement from Europe at New Vork, and that by their movements 
 there was reason to believe they intended an attack on Peekskill, and to 
 possess themselves of the Jiasses in the Higlilands, the genera! imme- 
 diately wrote to me these circumstances ; and tu prevetit if imssible the 
 disagreeable consequences that might arise if the army at ttio different 
 posts was not timely reinforced, I ordered that part of the militia of this 
 State that had not already marched to the northward to move, and part 
 of thorn to join Gen. Putnam, and the remainder of them to reinforce 
 the posts of Fort Moiitgoniery and Fort Clinton; but, it being a critical 
 time witli the yeomanry, as they had not yet sown their grain, and there 
 being at that time no appearance of the enemy, they were extremely 
 
WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 57 
 
 The regiments engaged were Col. Allison's, from 
 Goshen, commanded by himself; Col. Jesse Wood- 
 
 restloss and uneasy. They solicited Gen. Putnam for leave to return, 
 and many of tlieni went liouie without liis permission. Urged by tlieso 
 considerations he tliouj^lit proper to dismiss a part of ttiem. 
 
 ** As I thouglit it essentially necessary tliat they should remain in the 
 field for some time, in order to check the progress of the enemy should 
 they attempt to put their design in execution, I issued anotlier order for 
 ono-lialf of them immediately tomarcli.part of them to join Gen. Putnam 
 and a sufficient number to reinforce the forts and tlie pass at Sydman's 
 Bridge, at the movilli of the Clove ; ami, in order to induce them to turn out 
 with the greater alacrity, I thought it necessary to fix their time of ser- 
 vice to one month, at the expiration of which time they were to he leMoved 
 by the other half. While this arrangement was in agitation, and before a 
 proper arrangement could possibly be made by the respective officers as 
 to what part of them could servo for the first month, they were not so 
 expeditious as was absolutely necessary, which the event hits fully 
 evinced. A number of the enemy's ships made their appearance on 
 the :Sd instant in Tarrytowu Hay, where they weighed aTichor the next 
 day, being joined by several ships-of-war and transports from New York. 
 They proceeded up the river as high as King's Ferry, and at day-break on 
 Sunday, the 5tb, landed a considerable body of men on Verplanck's 
 Point. 
 
 "As I was apprehensive from many circumstances that an attack on 
 the forts was intended, T dispatched Maj. Logan, an alert officer, who 
 was well acrjuainted with the ground, on Sunday evening, through the 
 mountains to reconnoitre, and if possible gain intelligence of the enemy's 
 motion. The major returned about nine o'clock on ^Monday, inforndng 
 nif that, from the best intelligence he could procure, and the rowing of 
 the boats, he had reason to believe they had landed a consideiable force 
 on the west side of the river at King's Ferry, and between that aiul Dnn- 
 derberg; but, as the morning was foggy, it was impossible to discern 
 them so as to form any judgment of their numbers. As soon as I had 
 obtained this intelligence, I iunnediately dispatched Lieut. Jackson with 
 a small party to discover the enemy's movements; but they had not pro- 
 reeded more than two miles on the Haverstraw Road when they were 
 attacked by a party of the enemy, who had foinied an ambuscade at a 
 phico called Doodletown. Tbey immediately retreated after returning 
 the fire. As soon as the firing was heard, I detucliod Lient.-Col. Brnyn 
 w Ith fifty Continental troops, and as many of the militia undei- Lieut. - 
 Cul. McClaughry to sustain Lieut. Jackson ; the garrison at that time 
 being so weak that we could not afford them greater aid on that road, and 
 I imagined it would bo necessary to send out a party likewise on the road 
 which leads to the Forest of Dean. The detachment under Cols. Bruyn 
 and McClanghry were soon engaged, but, beitig too weak to withstand 
 the enemy's great force, retreated ti> Fort Clinton, disputing the ground 
 inch by inch. Their gallant opposition, and the roughness of the ground, 
 checked the progress of the enemy for some time. 
 
 "While matters were in this situation in the neighborhood of Fort 
 Clinton, a large body of tlie enemy were advancing on the road which 
 leads from the Forest of Dean to Fort Montgomery. As I bad only one 
 field-piece at the above fort, I ordered Col. Lamb of the artillery to send 
 it off to an advantageous post on that road, with a covering party of sixty 
 men, and another of the same number to sustain them, in order to give 
 the enemy a check, and retard their movements till I could receive rein- 
 forcements from Gen. Putnam, to whom I had sent an express for that 
 purpose. This order being immediately complied with, the piece had 
 hardly reached the jdace of its destination, ami the covering party been 
 posted on strong ground, when the enemy were seen advancing with 
 lia.sty strides; but being unexjiectedly annoyedby discharges of grape- 
 shot from the field-piece and a well-ilirected fire from the muskets, which 
 made great havoc among tbeni, as we have since been informed, they 
 were repeatedly driven back, till, filing off through the woods upon the 
 right and left with a view of surrounding our nien, and the handful of 
 brave fellows being alarmed at their critical situation, they were con- 
 strained to abandon the field-piece, after rendering it useless to the 
 enemy by spiking it. In order to cover the men who were retreating, 
 and to check the farther progress of the enemy, I ordered out a twolvo- 
 I)Ounder, which being well-served with grape-shot, annoyed them greatly, 
 and gave the meu an opportunity of retreating into the garrison with 
 very little loss on our side, except that of Capt. Fenno, who commanded 
 the fleld-piece, and was made a prisoner. 
 
 "This was about two o'clock in the afternoon, and tlio enemy ap- 
 proached the works and began the attack, which continued with few in- 
 tervals till about five o'clock, when an officer .appeared with a Hug. I 
 
 hull's, from Cornwall, under command of ]\Iaj. 
 Zachariah DuBois; Col, James Clinton's, from New 
 Windsor, commanded by Lieut-Col. James Mc- 
 Claughry; Col. Hasbrouck's, from Newburgh, under 
 Lieut.-Col. Hasten ; three regiments from other dis- 
 
 ordered Lieut.-Col. Livingston to meet him without the worka and know 
 his business. Col. Livingston having demanded his rank and business, 
 he was told by the bearer of the Hag that he was Lieut.-Col. Campbell, 
 and that he came to denuind the surrender of the fort to prevent the eftu- 
 sion of blood. Col. liivingston rejilied tlnit he bad no authority to treat 
 with him, but if they would surrender themselves prisoners of war they 
 might depend upon being well treated, and if they did not choose to 
 accept those terms they might renew the attack, as so(Ui as ho shoultl 
 retire within the fort, he lieing determined to defend it to the last ex- 
 tremity. As soon as Lleut.-Col. Livingston returned the attack was 
 renewed with great violence, and, after as obstinate a resistance as our 
 situation and the weakness of the garrison would admit, having de- 
 fended the works from two o'clock till the dusk of the evening, the 
 enemy, by the superiority of nnndicrs, forced the works on all sides. 
 The want of men prevented us from sustaining and supporting every 
 part, liaving receiveil no reinforcemetit from Gen. Putnam. 
 
 " Our loss, killed, wounded, and prisoners, is not so great as might have 
 been expected, when the strength of the enemy and our weakness are 
 properly considered. Sty brother was wovinded with a bayonet. IHany 
 otficere and uien, and myself, having the advantage of the enemy by 
 being well acquainted with the ground, were so fortunate as to etfect our 
 escape under cover of the night, after tlie enemy were possessed of all 
 the works. I was so liappy as to get Into a boat, crossed the river, and 
 immediately waited on Gen. Putnam, with a view of concerting meas- 
 ures for our future operations, to prevent the designs of Gen. Clinton, 
 and impede his progress in facilitating the nM)vemeuts of Hurgoyne from 
 tlie northward. I can assure your Excellency that T am well convinced 
 if night Iiad not approached rather too fast to correspond with our wishes 
 the enemy would Iiavo been disappointoil in their expectations, as a re- 
 inforcement of five hundred men from Gen. Putnam's army were on the 
 west side of the river ready to cross for our relief when the works were 
 forced; and many of the militia were in the mountains on their march 
 to join us, had not the conminnication between us and them been cut 
 off. 
 
 " I liave to add that by some fatality the two Continental frigates wore 
 lost, tbey having been ordered down by Gen. Putnam for the defense of 
 the chain ; but being badly manned, they could not he got off in time» 
 though I ordered the ship ' Congress" to proceed to Fort Constitution the 
 day before the attack, lest she should meet with a disaster; and the ship 
 ' Montgomery,' which lay near the chain, having neither anchor nor 
 cables to secure her, it being the ebb of the tide and the wind falling, 
 fell down so near the chain that Capt. Ilocigo was constrained to sot lier 
 on fire to prevent her from falling into the hands of the enemy. The 
 'Congress' unfortunately getting aground on the fiat near Fort Constitu- 
 tion, shared the same fate. Fort Constitution being destitute of troops 
 to defend it, was evacuated, after bringing off part of the stores. I am 
 now about three miles from New Windsor, with Col. Samuel H. Webb's 
 regiment of Continental troops, the remains of Col. I)uboi3', about one 
 hundred of Col. Lamb's regiment, who escaped from the fort, and some 
 militia. I intentl to collect what force I possibly can to oppose the enemy, 
 should tbey land on this side of the river. 
 
 "Sir Henry Clinton commanded in person. Gen. Tryon.Gen. Vaughan, 
 and two other general officera wore with him. The army who attacked 
 us, by the lowest account, consisted of throe tbr)usand, chietly British 
 and Hessian troops. The garrison of both our posts (Hd not exceedsix 
 hundred men, and numy of these unarmed militia. The ordinary gar- 
 rison was thus reduced by detaching Maj. Moffat with two hundred men 
 to the post at Sydman's Bridge, and Col. Malcom's regiment being 
 ordered from thence, and sixty men on .\nthony's Nose by Gen. Put- 
 nam's ordei-s, received the day before the action. I have only to add 
 that where great losses are sustained, however unavoidable, public cen- 
 sure is generally the consequence to those who are immediately con- 
 cerned. If, in the present instance, this should be the case, I wish, so 
 far as relates to Fort Montgomery and its dependencies, it may fall on 
 me alone; for I should be guilty of the greatest injustice were I not to 
 declare that the officers and men under me, of the different corps, be- 
 haved with the greatest spirit and bravery. 
 
 "I am, etc., 
 
 "Geokok Clinton." 
 
58 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 tricts, and Col. DuBois' Continental regiment, and 
 Col. Lamb's artillery. No list of the killed appears 
 on record, the return being of prisoners, as follows ; 
 
 COL. LEWIS DUBOIS' FIFTH 
 David M. Hollister. 
 Thadevts Kneely. 
 John McDonalds. 
 John Conkling. 
 Jameg Montange. 
 Henry Ostrander. 
 Jacobus Luguer. 
 David Breviers. 
 Vincent Viney. 
 Jeremiah Dunn. 
 Robert Patrick. 
 Willitim Baxter. 
 Benjamin Wiltsie. 
 David Winchester. 
 Lewis Dickerson. 
 John Jsory^ 
 Nathaniel Utter. 
 Eliakim Bush. 
 Robert Gillespie. 
 Abraham Wright. 
 Jonathan Hallock. 
 James Weldon. 
 Thomas Sinn. 
 Martin Shay. 
 Thomas Hartwell. 
 Patrick Dirking. 
 Saninel Crosby. 
 Moses Shall. 
 John West. 
 John Mcintosh. 
 Lieut. Henry Schoonmaker. 
 Joseph Morgan. 
 Jonathan Stockholm. 
 Abel Randall. 
 Thomas Kane. 
 William Banker. 
 Peter Wells. 
 Joeepli Ten Eyck. 
 John Weston. 
 Michael Burgle. 
 Thomas Smith. 
 Thomas Conkling. 
 Ephraim Adams. 
 Francis Sears. 
 Samuel Garrison. 
 John Ellison. 
 William Ivory. 
 John Stanly. 
 Benjamin Griffin. 
 Edward Allen. 
 William Bardie. 
 Enos Snitfin. 
 Joseph Belton. 
 .Tames Hanna. 
 
 CONTINENTAL REGIMENT. 
 
 William Wilbig. 
 
 Jjicobus Sanbiish. 
 
 Juhn Brown. 
 
 George Bolton. 
 
 Aurie Mass. 
 
 James Michael. 
 
 John Johnston. 
 
 Nelich Sniffin. 
 
 Solomon Shaw. 
 
 James Montieth. 
 
 Daniel Lowers. 
 
 Juhn Hunt. 
 
 .Michael Johnston. 
 
 Joseph Reeder. 
 
 John Price. 
 
 Robert Marshall. 
 
 John Satterly. 
 
 Lieut. Traverse. 
 
 James Amermnn. 
 
 Herman Crums. 
 
 Samviel Griffiug. 
 
 Cornelius Acker. 
 
 Jacob Lawrence. 
 
 Francis Gowans. 
 
 Samuel Turner. 
 
 Dauiel Dimmock. 
 
 John Whitlock. 
 
 Jacobus Terwilligor. 
 
 James Steel. 
 
 Thomas Crispell. 
 
 Enos Lugnier. 
 
 ,Tacob Lent. 
 
 .loliu Albigli. 
 
 Alex. De Kay. 
 
 Samuel Boyd. 
 
 William Werner. 
 
 Abraham Jordan. 
 
 John Storm. 
 
 Thomas McCarty. 
 
 Tliomas Hendricks. 
 
 John Chamberlain, sergeant. 
 
 Zebulon Woodruff. 
 
 Paul Kryler. 
 
 George Heck. 
 
 John Miller. 
 
 William Slutt. 
 
 Lieut. Henry Swartwout. 
 
 Maj. Samuel Logan. 
 
 Benjamin Chichester. 
 
 Francis Drake, 
 
 Jasper Smith. 
 
 William Casselbou. 
 
 Lieut. Samuel Pendletun. 
 
 WILLIAM ALLISON'S GO.SHEN REGIMENT- 
 
 Jesse Dauon. 
 Peter Jones. 
 Uriah Black. 
 Caleb Ashley. 
 
 CUL, 
 Col. William Allison. 
 Samuel Taylor. 
 James Bell. 
 Robert Cater. 
 Richard Shorter. 
 Richai-d Koyle. 
 James Thompson. 
 Timothy Cornon. 
 Michael Dannon. 
 James Sardyer. 
 Joseph Moore. 
 
 COL. McCLAUGHRY'S NEW WINDSOR REGIMENT— MILITIA. 
 James McClaughry, lieuten- Henry M. Neely 
 
 ant-colonel. William Scott. 
 
 Frederick Nooliton. 
 David Weller. 
 Peter Stage. 
 -Isaac Ketchiim. 
 Henry Brewster, lieutenant. 
 Frederick Pelliger. 
 
 Matthew DuBois. 
 
 Francis McBride. 
 Robert Huston. 
 Andrew Wilson. 
 Christopher Sypher. 
 John Dankins. 
 William Stenson. 
 William Humphrey. 
 George Humphrey. 
 Moses Cautine. 
 James Miller. 
 Jamei Humphrey, captain. 
 John Skinner. 
 Gradus Vinegar. 
 Bolton Van Dyk. 
 Cornelius Slutt. 
 William Howell. 
 John Hanna. 
 
 COL. HASBROrCK'S NEWBLRGH REGI.MENT— MILITIA. 
 
 Cornelius Rose. Benjamin Lawrence. 
 
 George Wilkin. Robert Cooper. 
 
 Simeon Ostrander. Cornelius Stevens. 
 
 John Stevenson. John Bingham. 
 
 Zachariah Terwilliger. John Snyder. 
 
 William Warren. 
 
 COL. WOODHULL'S CORNWALL REGIMENT— MILITIA. 
 
 Robert Barkley. 
 James Wood. 
 David Thompson. 
 Elia^ Wood. 
 John Carmichael. 
 William McMnllen. 
 Isaac Denton. 
 George Brown. 
 Ethan Sears. 
 Philip Millspaugh. 
 John Van Arsdell. 
 George Coleman. 
 Albert Weeks. 
 Hezekiah Kane. 
 John Manney. 
 Isaac Kimbark. 
 Samuel Falls. 
 
 Zachariah DuBois, major. 
 John Brooks. 
 John Lanioreux. 
 Henrj' Cunningham. 
 Joline Crooks. 
 William Prince. 
 Lyman Cavins. 
 Israel Cushman. 
 Asa Barn sly. 
 Thomas Hector. 
 Jesse Carpenter. 
 
 Benjamin Simmons. 
 Isaac Cooley. 
 Joshua Currey. 
 James Thompson. 
 Stephen Clark. 
 James Michael. 
 John Armstroug. 
 Peter Gillen. 
 Edward Thompson. 
 Randal Hawes. 
 Isaac Hoffman. 
 
 Many of these prisoners were wounded in the action 
 and died of their wounds, and many of them died in 
 the sugar-house pri:?on in New York; others were ex- 
 changed after years of confinement. But of the killed 
 in action no list was possible, — on the rolls of their 
 regiments when called could only be entered " miss- 
 ing" opposite the names of many noble men whose 
 places were thereafter forever vacant. Rev. Timothy 
 Dwight, chaplain in Parson's brigade, who visited the 
 scene of contlict in March following, tells the story of 
 their fate. He writes : "As we went onward, we were 
 distressed by the fcetor of decayed human bodies. To 
 me this was a novelty, and more overwhelming and 
 dispiriting than I am able to describe. As we were 
 attempting t<> discover the source from which it pro- 
 ceeded, we found at a small distance from the fort a 
 pond of moderate size, in which we saw tlie bodies of 
 several men who had been killed in the assault upon 
 the fort. They were thrown into this pond the pre- 
 ceding autumn by the British, Avhen probably the 
 water was sufficiently deep to cover them. Some of 
 them were covered at this time, but at a depth so 
 small as to leave them distinctly visible. Others had 
 an arm, a leg, and part of the body above the surface. 
 The clothes they wore when they were killed were 
 still on them, and proved that they were militia, being 
 the ordinary dress of farmers. Their faces were 
 bloated and monstrous, and their postures uncouth 
 
WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 59 
 
 and distorted, and in the highest degree afflictive. To 
 me, a novice in scenes of this nature, it was over- 
 whelming." 
 
 Fortunately for the district, the regiments were by 
 no means full ; probably not over one-fourth of the 
 militia was present in the actions. Fortunately, too, 
 the Clintons escaped, — Governor George by a boat, in 
 which he gained the eastern shore and made his way 
 to Putnam's headquarters ; and Gen. James by slip- 
 ping down the rocks to the bed of Poplopen's Kill 
 and thence up the same into the hills. Wounded in 
 the thigh by a bayonet thrust, he reached his home at 
 Little Britain covered with blood, after a detour of 
 sixteen miles. Defeated as they were — overwhelmed 
 by numbers rather — they were by no means crushed. 
 From Gen. Putnam Governor Clinton obtained Col. 
 Webb's brigade, and with them crossed the river to 
 New Windsor on the 8th (the day after the battle). 
 Meanwhile by alarms and signal-guns the militia that 
 had not been in the actions were brought together at 
 Little Britain, where they were joined by fugitives 
 from the forts, and by the time the British had de- 
 stroyed the obstructions to the navigation a respecta- 
 ble force was again under the Clintons on the west 
 shore to prevent the enemy from landing, while on 
 the eastern side Putnam was able to successfully pro- 
 tect the army stores at Fishkill and at points above. 
 As the enemy's fleet moved north, Putnam's and 
 Clinton's commands moved with them. Unfortu- 
 nately, the roads leading north were more circuitous 
 than the course of the river, and while Clinton " forced 
 the march" of his troops, they had only reached Ro- 
 sendale Creek when the ascending smoke gave evidence 
 that they were too late to save Kingston. Here the 
 enemy stopped. Advices from the north conveyed to 
 them the fact that they too were " too late," — that Bur- 
 goyue had surrendered and that their further advance 
 was useless. Their return voyage to the Highlands 
 was watched by Putnam and Clinton, and on the 23d 
 of October, when the enemy had passed below Pallo- 
 pel's Island, the forces of the latter (then under Gen. 
 James) were at New Windsor, occupying stations as 
 follows : Gen. Webb's command at New Windsor vil- 
 lage ; Capt. Nicoll's company at Murderer's Creek ; 
 Col. Tusten with the remains of Col. Allison's regi- 
 ment, and Col. Woodhull's regiment, from Murderer's 
 Creek to Smith's Clove; Col. McClaughry's regiment 
 at Hasbrouck's mill ; and Col. Hasbrouck's regiment 
 from Newburgh along the river north. Tarrying only 
 a few days in the Highlands to complete the destruc- 
 tion of the fort, the enemy sailed for New York, and 
 the militia returned to their homes. 
 
 While these events were transpiring on the Hudson, 
 the western frontier was harassed by the incursions of 
 Indians and Tories. At the outbreak of the war the 
 colonists made no little effort to induce the more 
 important tribes, as well as the resident Indians, to 
 remain neutral. To some extent this eiTort was suc- 
 cessful, but ultimately the rude savages, alfrays easily 
 
 debauched by rum and trinkets, yielded to the solici- 
 tations and rewards of the English agents, and ac- 
 cepted service in their ranks. The bulk of the Six 
 Nations were more immediately employed in the 
 northern and western parts of the province, in com- 
 pany with the Tories, in an independent organization 
 known as " Tories and Indians." This organization 
 was extended to the southwestern frontiers in 1777, 
 when a rendezvous was established by Brant and But- 
 ler at Oghkawaga (now Binghamton), where was soon 
 gathered a motley crew of whites and savages, from 
 the Delaware and its branches, whose field of opera- 
 tions was to embrace the frontier settlements with 
 which its members were best acquainted. In antici- 
 pation of the events which subsequently followed, the 
 settlers in the western part of Orange erected, soon 
 after hostilities commenced, a number of block- 
 houses,* while others stockaded their dwellings with 
 a view to defense. The first invasion of the district is 
 said to have occurred on the 1.3th of October, 1778, 
 when two dwellings were attacked, three persons 
 killed, and the inhabitants despoiled of their grain 
 and stock. t Count Pulaski, with his legion of cav- 
 alry, was then sent to Minisink for the protection of 
 the settlers, and remained during the winter of 1778- 
 79, and Col. Van Cortlandt's regiment was sent to 
 Wawarsing. Hostilities were renewed in the spring ; 
 the valley of the Susquehanna was devastated ; Wy- 
 oming became the scene of frightful m.assacres ; north- 
 western Ulster was invaded, and the Fantinekill and 
 Woodstock settlements visited. The withdrawal of 
 Count Pulaski from Minisink left the lower frontier 
 exposed, and, on the night of July 19th, Brant, with 
 sixty-five of his warriors, and twenty-seven Tories 
 disguised as savages,t stole upon what was then known 
 as the Loffier_Neighborhood,J and before the people 
 were aroused from their slumbers several dwellings 
 were set on fire, and the work of death begun. With- 
 out means of defense, the inhabitants fled to the moun- 
 tains, leaving all their worldly goods a spoil to the in- 
 vaders. Their church, mills, houses, and barns were 
 burned ; several persons were killed and some taken 
 prisoners ; cattle were driven away, and booty of every 
 kind carried to Grassy Brook on the Delaware, where 
 Brant had his headquarters. 
 Alarmed by fugitives, Lieut.-Col. Tusten, of Col. 
 
 * Mr. Gumaer states that three small forts were erected in the Peen- 
 pack neighborhood, — "one at the house of Jacob Rutsen Be Witt, one 
 at the house of Benjamin R. DePuy, and one at the house of Ezekiel 
 Gumaer." He intimates that there was none at the Lower Neighborhood 
 or Little Minisink. Sautliier's map of 1779 locates " Col. Jersey Fort" 
 at the " Lower Neighborhood," and " Fort Cotenco" north of the " Upper 
 Neighborhood." Besides the "Col. Jersey Fort," there were several 
 forts (so called) at the " Lower Neighborhood," erected by individuals for 
 their own protection. Among others one at Daniel Van Auken's, and 
 one at Martinas Decker's. 
 
 f This statement is on the authority of Mr. Gumaer. ■ We find no 
 other record. 
 
 X The number of the attacking party was never definitely known. 
 
 I Now in Deerpark, south of the Neversink River, and so called to dis- 
 tinguish it from the Upper Neighborhood, or original settlement on the 
 Cuddeback Patent. 
 
60 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY. NEW YORK. 
 
 Allison's Goshen regiment, Col. Hathorn of the War- 
 wick regiment, and Cupt. Meeker of the New Jersey 
 militia, with such number of their commands as could 
 be brought together in so brief a time, met in council 
 at Minisink the following morning. Col. Tusten re- 
 garded the force as being too small to attempt the 
 pursuit of the invaders, but he was overruled, and the 
 line of march taken up under command of Col. Hath- 
 orn, and continued until the high hills overlooking 
 the Delaware, near the mouth of the Lackawaxen, 
 were reached, where the enemy was discovered. Or- 
 dering his force into three divisions, Hathorn made 
 preparations for the attack ; but was anticipated by 
 Brant, who having, it is said, received reinforcements, 
 threw his warriors into action before Hathorn's dis- 
 positions were fully made, and compelled his rear di- 
 vision to break and fly. Hathorn rallied his men as 
 best he could ; but Brant had the advantage of posi- 
 tion and superior numbers, and drew his fire closer 
 and closer until flathorn was hemmed in within the 
 circumference of an acre of ground, upon a rocky 
 hill that sloped on all sides, where, with only forty- 
 five men, he maintained the conflict for over five 
 hours, when, the ammunition of his men being ex- 
 hausted, he formed them in a hollow square, and pre- 
 pared for a final defense with clubbed muskets. 
 Broken at one corner, the square became a rout, and 
 the flying fugitives sought safety in all directions. 
 Behind a rock on the field, Tusten dressed the wounds 
 of his neighbors, but his occupation was no protec- 
 tion ; the Indians rushed to the spot, killed him and 
 the wounded men in his charge, seventeen in number, 
 and completed the bloody work which they had com- 
 menced. Of those who heroically took part in the 
 action, only about thirty returned to relate the expe- 
 riences through which they had passed in the scourg- 
 ing conflict, — the whistle of bullets, the moans of the 
 wounded, the yells of savage foes, grafting them for- 
 ever upon the memory of their descendants and 
 weaving them im})erishably into the traditions and 
 the history of the county. Engraved on the monu- 
 ment to their memory* at Goshen are the names, so 
 far as known, of those who perished in the action : 
 
 Benjamin Tusten, lieutenant- 
 colonel. 
 Samuel Jones, captain. 
 Ephraim Maaten, ensign. 
 Jobn Duncan, captain. 
 Gabriel Wisuer. 
 Nathaniel Terwilltger. 
 Ephraim Ferguson. 
 Samuel Knapp. 
 Benjamin Bennett, 
 Jacub Dunning. 
 
 James Little. 
 Gilbert S. Vail. 
 Abram Shepherd. 
 
 Shepherd. 
 
 Daniel Talmage. 
 David Harney. 
 Abram Williams. 
 Isaac Ward. 
 Gamaliel Bailey. 
 Eleazer Owens. 
 Samuel Little. 
 
 * In 1822 the bones of the fallen were gathered from the battle-field 
 and interred at Goshen under a monument inscribed, "Erected by the 
 inhabitiiuts of Orange County, July '11, 1822. Sacred to the memory of 
 forty-four of their fellow-citizens who fell at the battle of Minisink, 
 July 22,1779." No positive identification of the remains could be made. 
 The present monument was the gift of the late Dr. M. H. Cash, and was 
 erected by the board of supervisors in 1862. The battle-ground is in the 
 present county of Sullivan. 
 
 Daniel Reed. 
 
 Bazaliel Tyler, captain. 
 John Wood, lieutenant. 
 Natbaniul Finch, adjutant. 
 Ephraim Middaugh, ensign. 
 Stephen Mead. 
 Joshua Ldckwood. 
 Roger Tuwnsend. 
 James Knapp. 
 William Barker. 
 Jonathan Pierce. 
 
 Joseph Norris. 
 
 Joel Decker. 
 Nathan Wade. 
 Simon Wait. 
 John Carpenter. 
 Jonathan Haskell. 
 James Morher. 
 Baltus Nierpos. 
 Moses Thomas. 
 Adam Embler. 
 Benjamin Dunning. 
 
 An account of the engagement which shall satis- 
 factorily harmonize the traditions concerning it can- 
 not be attempted with the hope of success. The 
 stories which have been repeated by sire to son for 
 four generations cannot be, and perhaps should not 
 be, uprooted. The only statement that has the sem- 
 blance of authority upon the subject is the official 
 report of Col. Hathorn, made five days after the ac- 
 tion, and while yet the account of the dead and miss- 
 ing was incomplete. The following is this report : 
 
 "WARWICK27 July, 1779. 
 
 "Gov. Clinton — Dear sir: In conformity to the Militia Law I em- 
 brace this first opportunity to communicate to your Excellency my 
 proceedings on a late tour of duty with my Regiment. On the Evening 
 of the 21st of this instant I received an order from his Excellency Gen- 
 eral Washington, together with a requisition of the Commissary of Pris- 
 oners, to furnish one hundred men of my Regiment for to guard the 
 British Prisoners on their way to Easton, at the same time received an 
 Express from Minisink that the Indians were ravaging and burning that 
 place. I ordered three cuinpanies of my Regiment including the Exempt 
 Company tu parade for tlie purpose of the Guard. The other three Com- 
 panies to Marth Immediately to Miuisink. On the 22 I arrived with 
 a part of my people at Minisink, where I found Col. Tuetin of Goshea 
 and Major Meeker of New Jersey with parts of their Regiments who 
 had marched with about Eighty men up the river a few mile. I joined 
 this party with about Forty men the whole amounting to one hundred 
 and twenty men Officers included. A spy come in and informed me the 
 Enemy lay about four hours before at Mungaup, six miles distant from 
 us. Our pi-ople appeared in High Spirits. We marched in puiiiuit with 
 an intention either to fall on them by surprise or to gain in front and 
 Ambush them. We were soon informed that they were on theii" march 
 up the River. I found it impracticable to surprise lliem on the ground 
 they now were and took my Rout along the old Keshctlitou path. The 
 Indians encami)ed at the mouth of the half-way brook. We encamped 
 at 12 o'clock at night at Skinners Saw Mill three miles and a half from 
 the Enemy where we lay the remainder of the night. The Mountains 
 were so exceedingly rugged and high we could not possibly get at them 
 as they had passed the grounds the most favourable for us to attack theia 
 on before we could overtjike them. Skinners is about eigbtef n miles 
 from Minisink. At daylight on the morning of tiie 23, after leaving our 
 horses, and disengaging of every thing heavy, we marched on with in- 
 tention to make the attack the moment an opportunity offered. The 
 Indians, probably from some discovery (hey had made of us, marched 
 wilh more alacrity than usual, with an intention to get their Prisoners, 
 Cattle and plunder taken at Minisink over the river. They had almost 
 effected getting their Cattle and baggage across, when we discovered them 
 at Lacawack, 27 mites from Minisink, some Indians in the river and some 
 bad got over. It was determined in council to make an attack at this 
 place. I therefore disposed of the men into three divisions, ordered 
 Col. TtiBtin to command the one on the right and to take post about 
 three hundred yards distance on an eminence to secure uur Right; sent 
 Col. Wisuer with another Division to file out to the Left and to dispose 
 of himself in the like manner. In order to prevent the Enemy from 
 gaining any advantage on our tlank, the other Division under my com- 
 mand to attack them with that vigor necessary to Strike Terror in such 
 a foe. 
 
 *' Capt. Tyler with the advance Guard unhappily dischaiged liis piece 
 before the division could be properly posted, which p\it me under the 
 necessity of bringing on the Action. I ordered my Division to fix their 
 Bayonets and push forcibly on them, which order being resulutely exe- 
 cuted put tho Indiana in the utmost confusion great numbers took to 
 
WAK OF THE REVOLUTION. 
 
 61 
 
 the river, who fell from the well directed fire of our Rifle men, and in- 
 cessant blaze from our Musketry without returning any fire. The Di- 
 visions in the rear, nut subject to order broke, some advanced down the 
 hill toward me, others fled into the woods. 1 soon perceived the enemy 
 rally on our right and recrossing the river to gain the heights. I found 
 myself under the necessity to rally all my force which by this time was 
 touch less than I expected. The enemy by this time had collected in 
 force and from the best accounts can be collected received a reinforce- 
 ment from Kestiethon began to fire on our left. We returned the fire 
 and kept np a constant bush fireing up the hill from the river, in whicli 
 the brave Capt. Tyler fell, several were wounded. The people being 
 exceedingly fatigued obliged me to take post on a height, which proved 
 to be a strong and advantageous ground. The enemy repeatedly ad- 
 vanced in from 40 to 100 yards distance and were as repeatedly repulsed. 
 I had now but 45 men (officers included) who had lost their command 
 naturally drew toward me. The spirits of these few notwithstanding 
 their fatigue, situation, and unallayed thii-et, added to that cruel yelling 
 of those bloody monsters, the seed of Anak in size, exceed thought or 
 ■description. We defended this ground near three hours and a half 
 during the whole time one blaze without intermisBion was kept up on 
 both sides. Here we had three men killed and nine wounded. Among 
 the wounded was Lt. Col. Tustin, in the hand, Maj. Meeker in the shoul- 
 der. Adj. Finch in the leg, Capt. Jones in the foot, and Ensign Wood in 
 the wrist. The chief of our people was wounded by Angle shots from 
 the Indians from behind Rocks and Trees. Our Rifles here were very 
 useful. I found myself under the necessity of ceasing tho fire, our Am- 
 munition from the continual fire of more than five hours* naturally 
 suggested that it must be Exhausted, ordered no person to shoot without 
 having his object sure that no shot might be lost. This gave spiiits to 
 the Enemy, who formed their whole strength and forced the North East 
 part of our Lines. Here we gave them a severe Gaul. Our people not 
 being able to support the lines retreated down the hill precipitately 
 towards the River. The Enemy kept up a constant fire on our Right 
 which was returned. The people by this lime was so scattered I found 
 myself unequal to rally them again, consequently every man made 
 <;hoice of his own way. Thus Ended the Action. 
 
 " The following are missing in the whole from the last accounts : 
 "Col. Ellison's Regiment— Lt. Col. Tustin, Capt. Jones, Capt. Wood, 
 Capt. Little, Capt. Duncan, and twelve privates. One private of New- 
 Jersey. Adjutant Finch, Ensign Wood, and one private of my Regiment. 
 In the whole twenty-one men. 
 
 "Several wounded men are in. I hope others will be yet found. I 
 received a wound on my head, one in my leg and one in my thigh — 
 slightly. The one in my thigh, from inattention, is a little troublesome. 
 Several spies that lay near the enemy the night following the action in- 
 form us that they moved off their wounded in canoes, on the day follow- 
 ing: that on the ground where they lay there was great quantities of 
 blood, and the whole encampment was marked with wounded men. 
 Great numbers of plasters and bloody rags was found. Although we 
 suffered by the loss of so many brave men, the best for the number, with- 
 out sensible error, in the Precinct. It's beyond doubt the enemy suf- 
 fered much more. From the various parts of the action can be collected 
 -a greater number of Indian dead than we lost, besides their wounded. 
 The number of Indians and Tories is not ascertained ; some accounts say 
 ■90, others 120, othei-s IGO. Col. Seward of New Jersey, with 93 men, 
 Was within five or six miles of the action, on the Pennsylvania side, did 
 not hear the firing; approached and lay near the Indians all night follow- 
 ing, and from their conduct and groaning of the wounded gave rise to 
 the belief that they had been in some action where they had suffered, 
 And would have attacked them round their fire, but a mutiny arose 
 among some of bis people which preTsnted — a very unfortunate and to 
 
 * A question has been raised as to the time of the continuance of the 
 action. It will be observed that in another place Col. Hathorn gives the 
 line of his march as extending twenty-seven miles, nine of which were 
 traveled on the day of the action before the enemy was discovered. 
 Some time was also spent in countermarching and forming line of battle, 
 the whole probably occupying the day until near noon. A " continued 
 fire of more than five hours" would have taken the time to about half- 
 past five. It is evident that the object was to hold the place to as late 
 an hour as possible that escape might be attended with the best advan- 
 tages, and it is to this fact, perhaps, that no pursuit was made by the In- 
 diana, and that so many fugitives made their way to their homes. Maj. 
 Wood, in his journal, says the "conflict lasted almost the whole day," 
 which apparently confirms the current account of the continuance until 
 Hear twilight. 
 
 be lamented circumstance. If in their situation be had attacked them, 
 with the common smiles of Providence he most have succeeded and put 
 them to total rout. 
 
 " Dear Governor, it's not in my power to paint out to you the disagree- 
 able situation I was in, surrounded by a foe, with such a handfull of 
 valuable men not only as soldiers but as fellow citizens and members of 
 society, and nothing to be expected but the hatchet, spear and scalping 
 knife. The tremendous yells and whoops, all the fiends in the confines 
 of the Infernal Regions, with one united cry, could not exceed it. Add 
 to this the cries and petitions of the wounded around me not to leave 
 them, was beyond parallel or idea. My heart bleeds for the unfortunate 
 wounded who fell into their hands. However, circumstances give me 
 a little consolation. Mr. Roger Townsend, of Goshen, received a wound 
 in his thigh; being exceedingly thirsty, making an attempt to go to 
 find some water, was met by an Indian who very friendly took him by 
 the hand and said he was his prisoner and would not hurt him. A well- 
 directed ball from one of our men put the Indian into a dose, and Mr. 
 Townsend ran back into the lines. I hope some little humanity may 
 yet be found in the breasts of the savages. 
 
 " I should be at the greatest loss was I to attempt to point out any offi- 
 cer or soldier that exceeded another iti bravery during the time of the 
 general action. Too much praise cannot be given to them for their at- 
 tention in receiving orders and alacrity in executing them. 
 
 " I have acquiesced with Col. Woodhull in ordering one-eighth of our 
 Regiments to Minisink as a tempoi-ary guard until your excellency's 
 pleasure is known on the subject. 
 ' "The Indians were under the command of Brant, who was either 
 killed or wounded in the action. They burnt Major Decker's house and 
 I barn, Saml. Davis's house, barn and mill. Jacobus Van Vleck's house 
 I and barn, Daniel Vanoker's barn, (here was two Indians killed from a 
 ' little Fort round the house, which was saved,) Esquire Cuykindall's 
 { house and barn, Simon Westfall's house and barn, the Church, Peter 
 'i Cuykindall's house and barn, Mertinus Decker's fort, house, barn and 
 saw mills, and Nehemiah Patterson's saw mill ; killed and scalped Jere- 
 miah Vanoker, Daniel Cole, Ephraim Ferguson and one Tavern, and 
 took with them several prisoners, mostly children, with a great number 
 of horses, cattle and valuable plunder. Some of the cattle we rescued 
 and returned to the owners. 
 
 " I hope your Excellency will make allowances for the imperfect stile, 
 razures and blotts of this line, whilst I have the honor to subscribe 
 myself, with the most perfect esteem, in haste, 
 
 " Your Excellency's Most Obedt Servt, 
 
 " John Hathorn, Col** 
 
 Detachments from Woodhuirs, Allison*s, and Ha- 
 thorn's regiments were immediately sent to guard the 
 frontier from further incursions. Their continuance 
 in the field, however, was of short duration, for the 
 moving of Sullivan's expedition up the Susquehanna, 
 and of Clinton's co-operating command through the 
 Mohawk Valley, drew the attention of Brant and his 
 Tory allies to their own protection, and the scourging 
 which they then received deterred them from again 
 venturing upon the war-path. 
 
 A reason of quite an opposite character tended to 
 relieve the militia of eastern Orange and southern 
 Ulster from the active service in which they had par- 
 ticipated for three years. The forts in the High- 
 lands having become of the utmost strategic impor- 
 tance, Washington, with the main body of the Conti- 
 nental army, encamped in their vicinity, and held in 
 check the movements of the enemy. But without 
 further service in the field, — a duty from which they 
 were not fully relieved, — the record of their part in 
 the drama of the Revolution will rank them with the 
 most heroic of that heroic era. 
 
62 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NKW YORK. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 BEVOIiUTIONAKY EVENTS-PLEDGE OP 
 ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Events connected with the war of the Revolution, 
 aside from military organizations and their servic&s, 
 mainly cluster around the associations which were 
 formed in 1775 to maintain civil government a.nd sus- 
 tain the action of the Continental Congress, and the 
 operations of Claudius Smith's band of " cow-boys." 
 True, there were other events which transpired in the 
 district now constituting the county, as well as in that 
 which was then embraced within its limits. The part 
 taken by the people in erecting the forts in the High- 
 lands and in obstructing the navigation of Hudson's 
 River ; the story of Stony Point; the treason of Ar- 
 nold and the capture and execution of Andrfi ; the 
 encampment of the Continental army in Smith's 
 Clove and in New Windsor; the headquarters of 
 AVashington in New Windsor and Newburgh ; the 
 Temple, the Newburgh Letters, and the Society of the 
 Cincinnati have their place in the county's annals. 
 Nevertheless, they were events that have properly 
 been remanded to the domain of general history, and 
 have therein been exhaustively chronicled, and it 
 would be a work of supererogation to repeat their de- 
 tails. We turn, therefore, to the organiz.ation of the 
 
 local 
 
 REVOLUTIONARY ASSOCIATIONS. 
 
 The war of the Revolution may be said to have 
 been inaugurated by the Continental Congress of 
 1774. No matter what may have been the steps 
 which led the colonists up to that point, the passage 
 of the non -importation resolutions of 1774 was the 
 point of departure from which neither the govern- 
 ment nor the colonies could recede, — the issue of 
 compulsion and resistance was by that act estab- 
 lished. One of the leading features of these res- 
 olutions was the call for the organization in every 
 city, county, town, and precinct of a " Committee of 
 Safety and Observation." The city of New York 
 took the lead by organizing a committee of one hun- 
 dred, of which Isaac Low was chairman, and by 
 sending circulars to all the towns and precincts in the 
 province urging the formation of similar committees. 
 About the same time a pamphlet entitled " Free 
 Thoughts on the Resolves of Congress" made its ap- 
 pearance and was scattered broadcast over the land. 
 The people thus had the question fairly before them, 
 and in their local meetings discussed the points in- 
 volved. The district now included in the county was 
 ripe for the movement. In original Orange the gen- 
 eral sentiment was especially one of approval, for, 
 notwithstanding the fact that the city of New York 
 had selected the delegates to the Congress of 1774, 
 the people of Orange determined to send a delegate 
 of their own, and, at a convention held at Goshen, 
 appointed Henry Wisner to represent them, whose 
 voice and signature were given for non-importation. 
 
 while southern Ulster, the home of George Clinton, 
 had approved his every act of opposition to the de- 
 mands of the ministry. It is not with surprise, there- 
 fore, that we read that in the precincts of Newburgh, 
 New Windsor, Hanover, Wallkill, Goshen, and Corn- 
 wall the pamphlet referred to was i)ublicly burned 
 and committees of safety organized. 
 
 The first duty of these committees was to provide 
 for sending delegates to a provincial convention to be 
 held in New York for the purpose of appointing del-- 
 egates to the Second Continental Congress at Phila- 
 delphia. Scarcely had this work been completed, 
 when, on the 29th of April, the committee of New 
 York drew up and signed a pledge to observe and 
 maintain the orders and resolutions of both the Con- 
 tinental and Provincial Congresses, and sent it for sig' 
 natures to all the precincts and counties in the prov- 
 ince. It was an important proceeding. While local 
 committees of safety had their place in giving expreis- 
 sion to the popular voice, the pledge of association; 
 bearing the individual signatures of the people, was 
 an evidence that could not be impeaclied. Another 
 important feature was that it was virtually the organ- 
 ization of a revolutionary government. It was in the 
 following form : 
 
 "Persuaded that the salvation of the rights and liberties of. America 
 depend, under God, on the firm union of its inhabitants in a vigorous 
 prosecution of the measures necessary for its safety; and ronvinced of 
 the necessity of preventing anarchy and. confusion, which attend the 
 dissolution of the powers of government, we, the freemen, freeholders, 
 
 and inhabitants of , do, in the most solemn manner, resolve never to 
 
 become slaves; and do associate, under all the ties of religion, honor^ 
 and love of our country, to adopt and endeavor to carry into execution 
 whatever measures may be recommended by the Continental Congress, 
 or resolved upon by our Provincial Ci.uiventiun, fur the purpose of pre- 
 serving our Constitution, and opposing the execution of the several ar- 
 bitrary acts of the British Parliament, until a reconciliation between 
 Great Britain and America, on constitutional principles (which we most 
 ardently desire), can be obtained; and that we will in all things follow 
 the advice of our General Committee respecting the purposes aforesaid, 
 the preservation of peace and good order, and the safety of individuals 
 and property." 
 
 With the return of the signatures to the general 
 committee of New York the local organizations were 
 complete, presenting as their representatives commit- 
 tees of safety and observation charged with the exe- 
 cution of whatever measures might be regarded as 
 necessary by the general committee of New York. 
 Almost immediately following this organization they 
 were recognized by the Provincial Convention, and 
 the local committees invested with power to appoint 
 assessors and collectors, while the county committees 
 were to be " considered as supervisors according to 
 the police of the city, county, town, or precinct" in 
 which they had been chosen, and, with the assessors 
 and collectors, were directed to assess, raise, and col- 
 lect the quotas to be raised for the support of the 
 revolutionary government, and were empowered to 
 enforce collection " by distress upon the goods and 
 chattels of the defaulters," as had been previously 
 practiced in the collection of taxes for the crown. 
 The power to arrest persons " inimical" to the meas- 
 
 ( 
 
KEVOLUTIONARY EVENTS. 
 
 63 
 
 ures which had been or might be taken was vested 
 in the local committees; subsequently (1777) this 
 power was greatly enlarged by the Continental Con- 
 gress, and the local committees practically constituted 
 marshals of the United States, with power to arrest 
 under wan-ants charging the "levying of war against 
 the United States of America, holding correspond- 
 ence with and assisting the enemies of the said 
 States," and of being " inimical to the cause of 
 America." Whatever may have been their purpose 
 and action in other provinces, in New York — where 
 a government had to be created to supplant that which 
 had been established by England — tliey became the 
 government, the town committees, where it was ne- 
 cessary, taking upon themselves the powers of town 
 officers, county committees becoming boards of su- 
 pervisors, the general committee of the province per- 
 forming legislative duties in the recess of the Provin- 
 cial Convention, the latter body becoming the supreme 
 head of the Revolutionary movement until 1777, when 
 a constitution was adopted, — the first republican con- 
 stitution of the State of New York. 
 y' It may be proper to add that the county commit- 
 tees were not all constituted in the same manner. In 
 counties where the precincts had chosen committees, 
 the latter bodies composed the county committee ; in 
 counties where there were no precinct organizations, 
 county committees might be formed of any number 
 of the " friends of liberty ;" in other counties, where 
 a majority of the precincts had chosen committees, 
 it was provided that " if there be any district or dis- 
 tricts that have not chosen committees, the county 
 committee are to proceed in like manner as if such 
 district or districts were actually represented in said 
 county committee" in the assessment of taxes, etc. 
 Many of the duties conferred upon county commit- 
 tees were not operative where the local authorities 
 acted in accord with the opponents of the crown, and 
 the assessment and collection of taxes was in their 
 interest ; but in other respects they had powers grow- 
 ing out of the necessities of the situation, among 
 which was the following : 
 
 *' If any person or pei-sons shall hereafter oppose or deny tlie authority 
 of the Continental or of this (Provincial) Congress, or the Cuiiimittee of 
 Safety, or the comniitteesof the respective counties, cities, towns, manors, 
 precincts, or districts in this colony, or dissuade any pereon or persons 
 from oheying the recommendations of the Continental or this Congress, 
 or the Committee of Safety, or the committee aforesaid, and be convicted 
 thereof before the committee of the comity, or any tliirteen or more of 
 their number, who shall or may meet upon a general call of the cliairman 
 of such committee where such person or persons may reside, that such 
 committee shall cause such otfeuders to be disarmed; and for the second 
 offense they shall be committed to close confinement, at their respective 
 expense." 
 
 This explanation is given for two purposes : first, that 
 the true character of the associations and committees 
 may appear ; and, second, that the impression which 
 many entertain that a signature to the pledge is to be 
 regarded as positive evidence of the loyalty of the per- 
 son making it to the cause of independence, may be 
 corrected. In the great majority of cases the impression 
 
 referred to is no doubt in accordance with the facts, 
 in others it is not. There were a few — whose names 
 appear as refusing to sign — who could, perhaps, be 
 classed as " Tories" prior to the adoption of the Dec- 
 laration of Independence. Men were only asked to 
 give their approval to proposed measures " until a 
 reconciliation should be effected." When the Decla- 
 ration was adopted, John Alsop, in resigning his seat 
 in the Continental Congress, voiced the sentiments of 
 a minority of respectable members in saying, " As 
 long as a door was lelt open for a reconciliation with 
 Great Britain, upon honorable terms, I was willing 
 and ready to render my country all the service in my 
 power; but as you have, by that declaration, closed 
 the door of reconciliation, I must beg leave to resign." 
 Perhaps it is fortunate that an analysis of the lists 
 cannot now be made with a view to show the position 
 of each person in the broader field of rebellion to 
 which the country was carried by the Declaration. 
 That there were many and violent opponents raised 
 up who had previously acquiesced in the measures 
 for redress, will not be questioned by those familiar 
 with the history of the Eevolution. " Loyalists" and 
 " Tories" then became familiar terms, — " Indians and 
 Tories" a terror on the frontiers. Perhaps the Whigs 
 committed excesses, or were too severe in committee 
 administration ; but this at least is true, that they 
 discriminated between their opponents, driving one 
 class from the country, but suffering the other to en- 
 joy their possessions, and their descendants to stand 
 as the peers of their own children in the national 
 temple which they had erected. It is not for the 
 present or for future generations to appeal from the 
 justice of that discrimination. 
 
 One other explanation. The signatures in Goshen 
 precinct embraced the present town of Goshen, Ches- 
 ter, Warwick, Wawayanda, Greenville, and part of 
 Blooming-Grove ; Mount Hope and Deerpark appear 
 in the precinct of Mamakating ; Cornwall precinct 
 embraced the present towns of Cornwall, Highlands, 
 Monroe, part of Blooming-Grove, and a portion of 
 the present county of Rockland ; the precincts of 
 Newburgh, New Windsor, and Wallkill will be rec- 
 ognized as present towns, while the precinct of Han- 
 over included the present towns of Montgomery and 
 Crawford. It is this subdivision of the old precincts 
 that prevents the assignment of names to towns as 
 now constituted. The following were the signatures : 
 
 PRECINCT OF NEWBURGH. 
 
 Col. Jona. Hashrouck. 
 Thomas Palmer. 
 Isaac Belknap. 
 William Darling. 
 Wolvert Acker. 
 John Belknap. 
 John Kobinson, 
 Saml. Clark. 
 Benj. Birdsail. 
 Benjamin Smith. 
 James Waugh. 
 Abel Belknap. 
 
 Martin Weigand. 
 Wm. Foster. 
 Wm. Wilson. 
 Wm. Stillwell, Jr. 
 Peter Donally. 
 Charles Tooker. 
 Leonard Smith, Jr. 
 Henry Smith. 
 James Wooden. 
 Thomas Smith. 
 Caleb Case. 
 David Green. 
 
«4 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Moses Higby, M.D. 
 Henry Cropsey. 
 Wm. Harding. 
 Joseph Belknap. 
 Jolin Stratton. 
 Lewis Holt. 
 Samuel Hallock. 
 Samuel Sprague. 
 Burroughs Holmes. 
 Samuel Bond. 
 Thomas Campbell. 
 James Cosman. 
 Lewis Clark, 
 Jonathan Sweet. 
 Reuben Touker. 
 Davitl Belktuip. 
 Daniel Birdsall. 
 Kobert Luckwood. 
 Benj. Knap. 
 Saml. Westlake. 
 Josiah Ward. 
 Silas Gardner. 
 Jacob Gillis. 
 Wm. Kencaden. 
 James Denton. 
 John Foster. 
 Hope Mills. 
 John Cosman, 
 Wm. Wear. 
 Thomas Fish. 
 Wm. Lawrence, Jr. 
 John Kernughan. 
 Robert Hanmer. 
 Robert Ross. 
 John Crowell. 
 Obadiah Weeks. 
 Francis Hanmer. 
 William Bloomer. 
 Abraham Garrison. 
 James Marston. 
 Samuel Gardiner. 
 Anning Smith. 
 Richard Albertson. 
 Benj. Lawrence. 
 Richard Buckinghaoa 
 Jacob Morewise. 
 Nicholas Stephens. 
 Johannis Snider. 
 Benjamin Robinson. 
 Andrew Sprague. 
 Thomas Beaty. 
 Solo. Buckingham. 
 Wm. Bowdish. 
 Jona. Belknap. 
 Jacob Tremper. 
 Abraham Smith. 
 Cornelius Wood. 
 John Lawrence. 
 George Hack. 
 John Shaw. 
 Corna. Hasbrouck. 
 Isaac Demott. 
 David Smith. 
 John Strattou. 
 Absalom Case. 
 Joseph Dunn. 
 Daniel Morewise. 
 Jonathan Oweu. 
 Jehiel Clark. 
 Reuben Holms, 
 Nathaniel Coleman. 
 George Leonard. 
 Elnathan Foster. 
 Neal McLean. 
 Wm. Palmer. 
 
 John Still well. 
 
 liUff Smith. 
 John Gates. 
 Benj. Darby. 
 Israel Smith. 
 Thads. Smith. 
 Jacob Myers. 
 Saml. Concklin. 
 Isaac Brown, M.D. 
 Peter Tiltun. 
 John Douaghy. 
 Ste. Stephenson. 
 John Griggs. 
 Saml. Smith. 
 Jeremiah Ward. 
 Wm. Ward. 
 Wm. RuBsel. 
 John Tremper. 
 Charles Willett. 
 Jeremiah Dunn. 
 Wm. Lawrence. 
 Robeit Waugh. 
 Wiggins Conklin. 
 Robert Bcatty, Jr. 
 Abr'm Johnston. 
 Silas Sperry. 
 James Clark. 
 David Mills. 
 Caleb Coffin. 
 James Harris. 
 Theo. Hagaman. 
 Wm. Dunn. 
 Nehemiah Carpenter. 
 Leonard Smith. 
 Wm. Day. 
 John Wandel. 
 Abel Thrall. 
 Phineas Corwln. 
 Moses Hunt. 
 Samuel Sands. 
 Jacob Concklin. 
 Joseph Price. 
 John Saunders. 
 George Westlake, 
 Burger Weigand. 
 Tunis Keiter. 
 Hugh Quigly. 
 Daniel Darby. 
 Isaac Brown, Jr. 
 Hezekiah Wyatt. 
 Wm. Whitehead. 
 Daniel Goldsmith. 
 Gabriel Travis. 
 Nathaniel Weed. 
 John Weed. 
 Daniel Duboise. 
 Arthur Smith. 
 Isaac Fowler. 
 Stephen Outman. 
 Saml. Stratton. 
 Joseph Carpenter. 
 Daniel Thurstin. 
 John Fowler. 
 Daniel Clark. 
 Isaac Donaldson. 
 Wm. CoTicklin. 
 Charles Tooker. 
 John Smith. 
 Isaac Fowler, Jr. 
 William Wright. 
 Wm. White. 
 Daniel KniCTen. 
 Rob. Morrison, M.D. 
 John Dolson. 
 Leonard Smith. 
 
 Persons Refusing to Sign. 
 
 J 
 
 Nehemiah Fowler. 
 Stephen Wiggins. 
 Isaiah Purdy. 
 ♦Gilbert Purdy. 
 Nathan Purdy. 
 ♦John Wiggins. 
 *James Leonard. 
 *Morris Flewwelling. 
 ♦Anthony BeatTebron. 
 ♦Daniel Hains. 
 *Daniel Denton. 
 Daniel Denton, Jr. 
 *Georg« Merritt. 
 Adam Patrick. 
 •Gabriel Travis. 
 John Wiggins, Jr. 
 Joseph Gedney, Jr. 
 George Devoll. 
 Thomas Fowler. 
 Stephen Wood. 
 *Abel Flewwelling. 
 Jonathan Pine. 
 ♦Samuel Fowler. 
 Joseph Cope. 
 Hazael Smith. 
 Jonathan Bninbridge. 
 Joseph Headley. 
 
 Benjamin Lewis. 
 Peter Aldrige. 
 ♦John Flewwelling. 
 Jacob Fry. 
 James Perry. 
 James Patterson. 
 David Gedney. 
 George Elms. 
 Nathan Purdy, Jr. 
 Daniel Purdy. 
 Daniel Purdy, Jr. 
 John Hendrick. 
 ♦Isaac Barton. 
 William Roach, 
 David Horton. 
 Theophilus Mozer. 
 ♦Jonas Totten. 
 Daniel Dorland. 
 Daniel Rounds. 
 John Morrel. 
 Moses Knap. 
 David Wyatt. 
 Samuel Denton. 
 Thomas Orr, Jr. 
 ♦Daniel Gedney. 
 John Rims. 
 Joseph Penny. 
 
 The *' Committee of Safety and Observation" was 
 appointed Jan. 27, 1775, and was composed of Wolvert 
 Acker, Jonathan Hasbrouck, Thomas Palmer, John 
 Belknap, Joseph Coleman, Moses Higby, Samuel 
 Sands, Stephen Case, Isaac Belknap, Benjamin Bird- 
 sall, and John Robinson. 
 
 PRECINCT OF NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 James Clinton. 
 John Nicholson. 
 James McClaughry. 
 Matthew DuBois. 
 Robert Cook, 
 John Umphrey. 
 James Umphrey. 
 George Umphrey. 
 Oliver Humphrey. 
 James McDowell. 
 Alexander Telford. 
 Robert Smith. 
 Jonah Park. 
 Scudder Newman. 
 James Humphrey (2).t 
 John Davis. 
 John Coleman. 
 Joseph Young. 
 Andrew Roliineon. 
 William Fulton. 
 James Taylor. 
 Hugh Polloy. 
 Samuel Given. 
 Robert Burnet, Jr. 
 Timothy Mills. 
 William Buchanan. 
 Matthew Bell. 
 
 Walter McMichael. 
 George Coleman. 
 James Gage. 
 James Dunlap. 
 Robert Stuert. 
 Samuel Wood. 
 Nathaniel Garrison. 
 Andrew Dickson. 
 George Coleman (2). 
 Peter John. 
 Samuel Iiatnb. 
 William Crawford. 
 John W. Miklan. 
 Francis Mains. 
 James Miller. 
 John Morrison. 
 Hugh Wateraon. 
 Caleb Dill. 
 John Dill. 
 Edward Miller. 
 Robert Whigham. 
 John Crudge. 
 Robert Boyd, Sr. 
 Silas Wood. 
 Uiclinrd Wiod. 
 John Johnston. 
 David Crawford. 
 
 * Those marked with iisterisk subsequently came before the committee 
 and made affidavit of their intention to abide by the measures of the 
 Continental Congress, and pay their quota of all expenses, — a pledge 
 which some of them subse^iuently reconsidered. 
 
 t (2) indicates that name appears twice without suffix of Jr. or Sr. 
 The names are from the original list, which was not returned to the 
 General Committee. It does not appear to be a complete list, there being 
 known residents at the time whose names do not appear, nor Is there a 
 return of those refusing to sign. 
 
 i 
 
REVOLUTIONAKY EVENTS. 
 
 65 
 
 Robert Thompson. 
 Charles Nicliolson. 
 William Robiuaon. 
 Arthur Carecaddeu. 
 Edward Lyal. 
 Henry McNeeley. 
 William Niclos. 
 Robert Boyd, Jr. 
 K at ban Smith. 
 Samuel Logan. 
 James Dennistou. 
 Jacob Mills. 
 Thomas Cook. 
 Daniel Clemence. 
 Robert Couban. 
 John Waugh. 
 William Gage. 
 Alexander Keruahan. 
 William Stiiison. 
 Henry Roberson. 
 Benjamin Human. 
 William Miller. 
 William Telford. 
 John Burnot. 
 Joseph Beatty. 
 John Smith. 
 James M. Oliver. 
 William Miller (2). 
 Charles Byrn. 
 Jonathan Parehall. 
 James Greer. 
 John Mills. 
 Thoniiis Eliot. 
 Robert Campbell. 
 Nathaniel Boyd. 
 Charles Kermigban. 
 Eliphalet Leonard. 
 William Nichols. 
 Thomas McDowel. 
 James Crawford. 
 Joseph Belknap. 
 John Nicoll. 
 Samuel Brewster. 
 Samuel Sly. 
 Mattliew McDowell. 
 Daniel Mills. 
 
 John Morrison (2). 
 Henry McNeeley, Jr. 
 Alexander Taylor. 
 James Perry, 
 Samuel Boyd. 
 John Cunningham. 
 James Jackson. Jr. 
 Isaac Stonehouse. 
 John Hiffernan. 
 James Smith. 
 William Park. 
 David Thompson. 
 Nathaniel Liscomb. 
 William MiiUiner. 
 Isaac Belknap. 
 Nathaniel Boyd (2). 
 Edward Petty. 
 Robert Johnston. 
 Joseph Sweezey. 
 Alexander Fulton. 
 James Faulknor. 
 David Clark. 
 Nathan Sargent. 
 Gilbert Peet. 
 James Docksey. 
 Solomon Smith. 
 Samuel Woodward. 
 Jonathan White. 
 Alexander Beatty. 
 John Close (Rev.). 
 William Moffat. 
 William Beatty. 
 George Harris. 
 Stephen King, 
 Jolin Murphy. 
 Benjamin Burnam. 
 Austin Beardsley. 
 Thomas Swafford. 
 Timothy White. 
 Dennis Furshay. 
 George Mavings. 
 Samuel Brewster, Jr. 
 David Mandevill, 
 William Welling. 
 Peter Welling. 
 Hugh Turner. 
 
 PRECINCT OF MAMAKATING. 
 
 (Deei-park and Mount Hope.) 
 
 "Committee of Safety and Observation," May 6, | 
 1775, was composed of Col. James Clinton, Capt. 
 James McClaughry, John Nicoll, John Nicholson, 
 Nathan Smith, Robert Boyd, Jr., Samuel Brewster, 
 Samuel Sly, Samuel Logan. May, 1776 : Samuel 
 Brewster, Robert Boyd, Jr., Nathan Smith, Hugh 
 Humphrey, George Denniston, John Nicoll, Col. 
 James McClaughry, and Samuel Arthur. Samuel 
 Brewster, chairman. 
 
 PRKCINCT OF HANOVER. 
 
 No return of names made. *' Committee of Safety 
 and Observation," May 8, 1775 : Dr. Charles Clinton, 
 chairman, Alexander Trimble, Arthur Parks, William 
 Jackson, Henry Smith, Jacob Newkirk, James Latta, 
 Philip Mole, John Wilkin, James McBride, James 
 Milliken, Samuel Barkley. 
 
 PRECINCT OF WALLKILL. 
 
 No return of names. Committee : Abimael Young, 
 chairman, James Wilkins, Hezekiah Gale, Moses 
 Phillips, and Henry Wisner, Jr., Jan. 30, 1775. 
 
 John Young. 
 Capt. John Crage. 
 Benj. Cuddeback, Jr. 
 T. K. Westbrook. 
 William Johnston. 
 Johan. Stufflebane. 
 Johan. Stufflebane, Jr. 
 John Thompson. 
 Wm. Cuddeback. 
 Elisha Travis. 
 Eli Strickland. 
 Capt. J. R. DeWitt. 
 Abner Skinner. 
 Thomas Kytte. 
 Joseph Drake. 
 Isaac Van Twill, 
 Joseph Westbrook. 
 Daniel Van Fleet, Jr. 
 Jacob Van Inwegen. 
 Corn. Van Inwegen. 
 Reuben Babbett. 
 Robert Milliken. 
 John Williams. 
 Wm. Smith. 
 Jep. Fuller. 
 Joseph Thomas. 
 Joseph Skinner. 
 John Travis. — 
 John Travis, Jr. 
 Robert Comfort. 
 Eph. Furgison. 
 Moses Miller. 
 Jno. Barber. 
 John Fry. 
 George Gillespy. 
 Henry Newkirk. 
 Philip Swartwout, Esq. — . 
 Wm. Haxton. 
 Robert Cook. ( 
 William Rose. 
 James Williams. 
 James Blizard. 
 Thomas Combs. 
 Ebenezer Halcomb. 
 Abr. Cuddeback. 
 Aldert Rosa. 
 "David Gillaspy. 
 Abrm. Cuddeback, Jr. 
 Fred. Benaer. 
 Jonathan Brooks. 
 Ebenezer Parks. 
 Petrus Gumaer. "» 
 J. DeWitt Gumaer. . 
 Ezekiel Gumaer.*- 
 Elias Gumaer. — 
 Moses Depuy, Jr. 
 Jonathan Wheeler. 
 Thomas Lake. 
 '^Matthew Neely. 
 John Harding. 
 Eph. Thomas. 
 Abm. McQuin. 
 Joseph Arthur. 
 Daniel Decker. 
 John Brooks. 
 David Daley. 
 
 Jacob Comfort. 
 Jonah Parks. 
 Saml. Pattereon. 
 Joel Adams. 
 James Cunen. 
 Peter Simpson. 
 Benjamin Depuy. *" 
 John McKinstry. 
 Harm. Van Inwegen. 
 Samuel Depuy. 
 ChHs. Gillets. 
 James McCivers. 
 Joseph Hubbard. 
 G. Van Inwegen. 
 Eliphalet Stevens. 
 Adam Rivenburgh. 
 Stephen Laruey. 
 Samuel King. 
 Valentine Wheeler. 
 John Wallis. 
 Jacobus Swartwout. 
 Gerardus Swartwout. 
 Phil. Swartwout, Jr. 
 Jacobus Cuddeback. 
 Petrus Cuddeback. 
 Rufus Stanton, 
 Asa Kimball. 
 Zeh. Holcomb. 
 Samuel Daley. 
 Nathan Cook. 
 Henry Ellsworth. 
 John Seybolt. 
 David Wlteeler. 
 Elisha Barber. 
 Jonathan Davis. 
 Gerehom Simpson. 
 Jacob Stanton. 
 John Gillaspy. 
 Abraham Smedes. 
 Joseph Shaw. 
 Abraham Rosa. 
 Jacob Rosa. 
 Stephen Halcomb. 
 Moses Roberts. 
 Daniel Roberts. 
 Jeremiah Shaver. 
 Joseph Ogden. 
 Elias Miller. 
 George I. Denniston. 
 Jonathan Strickland. 
 Johannes Miller. 
 John Douglass. 
 Joseph Randall. 
 Thos. Gillaspy. 
 Daniel Walling. 
 Daniel Walling, Jr. 
 Matthew Terwilliger. 
 Johannes Wash. 
 Daniel Woodworth. 
 Nathaniel Travis. 
 Ezekiel Travis. *" 
 Joseph Travis, f 
 Isaac Rosa. 
 Abr. Smith. 
 Leonard Hefinessey. 
 
 *' Committee of Safety and Observation," — John 
 Young, president, who certified that the association 
 was "unanimously signed by all the freeholders and 
 inhabitants of the precinct, June 26, 1775." 
 
66 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 PRECINCT OF 
 
 GOSHEN. 
 
 William Satterly. 
 
 John Minthorn. 
 
 
 
 Gideon Salmon. 
 
 Abraham Chandler. 
 
 Minidnh District. 
 
 Phineas Sahnon. 
 
 Jacobus Laine. 
 
 J.Westbrook, Jr. 
 
 Isaac Davia. 
 
 John Brown. 
 
 Jacob Demarest. 
 
 Benjamin Cox. 
 
 George Quick. 
 
 Silas Horton. 
 
 Joseph Todd. 
 
 Johu Pr>'8. 
 
 Jacobus Davis. 
 
 John Cravens. 
 
 John Bigger. 
 
 Levi Decker. 
 
 Jacobus Vanfliet. 
 
 Ezra Keoler. 
 
 Elijah Doan. 
 
 Samuel Davis. 
 
 Levi Van Etten. 
 
 James Aspell. 
 
 James Smith. 
 
 Beiiben Juues. 
 
 Daniel Cole. 
 
 Zephaniah Huff. 
 
 John Carvey. 
 
 Petrus Cole. 
 
 Benjamin Corson. 
 
 Wm. Marshall. 
 
 Benjamin Forgessou. 
 
 A. Van Ktten. 
 
 Joel Westbrook. 
 
 Joseph Case. 
 
 Elijah Truman. 
 
 Johu Uenuett. 
 
 A. C. Van Aken. 
 
 Benjamin MacVea. 
 
 David Moore. 
 
 Petrus CuykendaJ. 
 
 Johannes Decker, Jr. 
 
 Christo. Springsteen. 
 
 Nathaniel Tuthill. 
 
 Sylvester Cortright. ^ 
 
 Jacob Quick. "^ 
 
 Hezekitth Wiitkius. 
 
 Joseph McCaue. 
 
 Jacobus Schoonhoven. 
 
 Timothy Wood. 
 
 Daniel Reeve. 
 
 Joel Cross. 
 
 Jacobus Vanfliet, Jr. 
 
 Benjamin Wood. 
 
 Samuel Bartholf. 
 
 Caleb Goldsmith, 
 
 Thomas Hart. 
 
 James Carpenter. 
 
 Heuiy Roemer. 
 
 Henry Smith. 
 
 John Van Tuyle. 
 
 Esee Bronsou. 
 
 Robert McCane. 
 
 John Finch. 
 
 S. Cuykeiulal, Jr. 
 
 Isaac Uptegrove. 
 
 Peter Gale. 
 
 Moses Smith. 
 
 Martinas Decker, Jr. 
 
 Solomon Cuykendal. 
 
 Stephen Meeker. 
 
 Robert Thompson, Jr. 
 
 WilhelmuB Westfall. 
 
 Martinas Decker. 
 
 Joseph Smith. 
 
 George Little. 
 
 Moses Kortiight. 
 
 Benjamin Doorman, 
 
 Tiionias McCaue. 
 
 James Knap. 
 
 Jacob Harraken. 
 
 Nehemiah Pattison. 
 
 Samuel Smith. 
 
 Jeremiah Smith, Sr. 
 
 G. Bradcock. 
 
 Arthur Van Tuyle. 
 
 Jacob Dunning. 
 
 Amos Wotdcocks. 
 
 Nicholas Slyter. 
 
 Willielmus Cole. 
 
 Joshua Davis. 
 
 Jeremiah Ferger. 
 
 Daniel St. John. 
 
 Petrus Decker. 
 
 John Williams. 
 
 Zephaniah Drake. 
 
 Albert Osterhoust. 
 
 Asa Astly. 
 
 Richard Jones. 
 
 John Van Cleft. 
 
 Johannes Westbrook. 
 
 Daniel Kortright, 
 
 Philip Borroughg. 
 
 Israel Holley. 
 
 Simon Westfall. 
 
 Ephralm Middagh. 
 
 Thomas Engles. 
 
 William Seely. 
 
 Blooming- Grov 
 
 e District. 
 
 Oliver Heady. 
 Richard Sheridan. 
 
 John Van Cleft, Jr. 
 David Cooley, Jr. 
 
 Alexander Smith. 
 
 George Duryea. 
 
 Jonathan Owen. 
 
 Nicholas Van Tassel. 
 
 Joseph Conkling. 
 
 ^ John Ketchum, Jr. 
 
 Joshua Wells. 
 
 Joshua Weeks. 
 
 Jonathan Ilorton. 
 
 William Heard. 
 
 Jonah Seely. 
 
 Benjamin Currie. 
 
 John Caae. 
 
 Phineas Heard. 
 
 Wright Smith. 
 
 Samuel Jones. 
 
 Phineas Rumsey. 
 
 Joshua Reeve. 
 
 Silas Stewart. 
 
 Michael Carpenter. 
 
 Benjamin Harlow. 
 
 Obadiah Helms. 
 
 Benjamin Carpenter. 
 
 Samuel Webb. 
 
 William Hubbard. 
 
 William Forbes. 
 
 .y Squire Whitaker. 
 
 John Owen. 
 
 Garrett Duryea. 
 
 Coleman Curtis. 
 
 Silas Hulae. 
 
 Benjamin Dunning. 
 
 David Youngs. 
 
 David Jones. 
 
 Elisha Hulse. 
 
 Wm. Kimber, 
 
 James Miller. 
 
 Francis Baird. 
 
 Benjamin Smith. 
 
 Gilbert Bradner. 
 
 James Blapes. 
 
 Stephen Lewis. 
 
 Samuel Cooley. 
 
 Jacob Finch. 
 
 Joseph Drake. 
 
 Nathaniel Minthorn. 
 
 Johu Ferger. 
 
 Hidley Spencer. 
 
 Samuel Uaities Smith. 
 
 Gamaliel Tansdell. 
 
 David Kendle. 
 
 William Walworth, 
 
 Increase Wyman. 
 
 Andrew Christy. 
 
 Samuel Cole. 
 
 Corns. Bartholf, Jr. 
 
 Jonathan Smith. 
 
 Hendrick Bartholf. 
 
 Peter Miller. 
 
 Stephen Bartholf. 
 
 John Barker. 
 
 Peter Bartholf. 
 
 Robert Thompson. 
 
 Joseph Allison. 
 
 Moses Carpenter. 
 
 Reuben Hall. 
 
 Matthew Dilling. 
 
 Michael Allison. 
 
 Joshua Corey. 
 
 Solomon Carpenter. 
 
 James Little, Jr. 
 
 James Allison. 
 
 John Corey. 
 
 Martin Myer. 
 
 Benjamin Whitaker. 
 
 William Carpenter. 
 
 John Pain. 
 
 Joshua Smith. 
 
 Henry David. 
 
 Casper Writer. 
 
 Daniel Pain. 
 
 Ehenezer Beer. 
 
 Samuel Demarest. 
 
 Jonas Wood. 
 
 William Warne. 
 
 Samuel Moffat. 
 
 John Hoppei'. 
 
 David Linch. 
 
 Ilezekiah Warne. 
 
 Lieut. John Wood. 
 
 William Wisner. 
 
 John Boyle. 
 
 Zeba Owen. 
 
 Ensign Daniel Drake. 
 
 Israel Wells. 
 
 Michael Coleman. 
 
 Jonathan Jayue. 
 
 Daniel Tooker. 
 
 Daniel Carpenter. 
 
 Abraham Harding. 
 
 Caleb Coleman. 
 
 Isaiah Smith. 
 
 Samuel Carpenter. 
 
 Henjy David, Jr. 
 
 David Rogers. 
 
 William Lesly. 
 
 Peter Arnout. 
 
 Jonathan David. 
 
 Henry Wis nor. 
 
 David Rumsey. 
 
 James Bell. 
 
 James Thompson. 
 
 Thomas Goldsmith. 
 
 John Meeker. 
 
 Jeremiah S. Conkling. 
 
 Jonathan Cooley. 
 
 Jacobus Baitliolf. 
 
 Joseph Browne. 
 
 William Howard. 
 
 John Whitaker. 
 
 Guilian Bartholf. 
 
 David Horton. 
 
 James Dolsen. 
 
 Nathaniel Mathers. 
 
 Abraham Dalsen, Jr. 
 
 Solomon Smith. 
 
 Isaac Dolsen. 
 
 Increase Matthews. 
 
 Isaac Dalsen. 
 
 John King. 
 
 Reuben Hall, Jr. 
 
 James Gardiner. 
 
 Cornelius Decker. 
 
 Cuppe Brooks. 
 
 Jacob Fegate. 
 
 John Little. 
 
 David Demarest. 
 
 Samuel Wickham. 
 
 Jeremiah Smith, Jr. 
 
 James Reeves. 
 
 John Denton. 
 
 Silas Hortou. 
 
 Amos Smith. 
 
 John Knap. 
 
 Corns. Van Ordsdale. 
 
 Charles Tooker. 
 
 Matthias Carvey. 
 
 Jonathan Corney. 
 
 Joseph Elliot. 
 
 John Budd. 
 
 John Carvey. 
 
 Solomon Roe. 
 
 John Elliot. 
 
 "William Horton. 
 
 Francis Myanjoy. 
 
 Saven Tracey. 
 
 Abraham Springsteen, 
 
 Joshua Brown. 
 
 Solomon Tracey. 
 
 Obadiah Smith. 
 
 Capt. Nathaniel Roe. 
 
 Joshua Brown, Jr. 
 
 Amos Hubbs. 
 
 Henry Bartholf. 
 
 Lieut. John Jackson. 
 
 James Markel. 
 
 Thomas Barker. 
 
 David Demarest. 
 
 Joseph Dixon. 
 
 John Bull. 
 
 William Morris. 
 
 Jacob Demarest. 
 
 David Godfrey. 
 
 Richard Bull. 
 
 John Kennady. 
 
 William King. 
 
 Silas Pierson. 
 
 Jeremiah Butler. 
 
 Joseph Wilson. 
 
 Christopher Decker. 
 
REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS. 
 
 67 
 
 James Steward. 
 
 James McCane. 
 
 David Howell, Jr. 
 
 
 Joseph Oldfield. 
 
 Joseph Steward. 
 
 John Thompson. 
 
 John Howell. 
 
 
 Joseph Chilson. 
 
 John Clark. 
 
 Thomas Gale. 
 
 Samuel Harman. 
 
 
 Silas Holley. 
 
 John Feigler. 
 
 Charles Webb. 
 
 Jabez K nap. 
 
 
 Benjamin Dunning. 
 
 Benjamin Demarest. 
 
 Samuel Chandler. 
 
 Nathaniel Knap, Jr. 
 
 
 Daniel Holley. 
 
 Peter Demarest. 
 
 Richard Allison. 
 
 Peter Barlow. 
 
 
 Joshua Drake. 
 
 Sallier David. 
 
 Henry Hall. 
 
 Elias Oldfield. 
 
 
 Wait Smith. 
 
 Edward David. 
 
 John Kinnett. 
 
 Samuel Sawyer. 
 
 
 Stephen Jackson. 
 
 John David. 
 
 Benjamin Halsted. 
 
 Jeremiah Oakley. 
 
 
 Daniel Myers. 
 
 Jacob Cole. 
 
 David Miller. 
 
 Timothy Smith. 
 
 
 Cornelius Myers. 
 
 George Kenible. 
 
 Henry Dobhin. 
 
 John Smith. 
 
 
 Phineas Case. 
 
 Wni. Dill. 
 
 Solomon Finch. 
 
 Jonathan Rawsou. 
 
 
 William Knap. 
 
 Christopher Myera. 
 
 Solomon Hoft'. 
 
 W^illiam Reed. 
 
 
 Gilliert ^Idrige. 
 
 Thomas Wood. 
 
 Joseph Currie. 
 
 William Egger (Eagei 
 
 )- 
 
 James Kinner. 
 
 Philip Redrick. 
 
 James Ramsey. 
 
 Daniel Egger. 
 
 
 Joshua Hallock. 
 
 William McCane. 
 
 James Masters. 
 
 Anuing Owen. 
 
 
 John Mory. 
 
 James McCiiue. 
 
 James Clark. 
 
 Jacob Hulse. 
 
 
 Oliver Smith. 
 
 Martin McConnely. 
 
 Michael Dunning. 
 
 Solomon Smith. 
 
 
 Isaac Smith. 
 
 William Horton. 
 
 James SL-hoouover. 
 
 Thomas Denton. 
 
 
 Cain Mehany. 
 
 Philip Horton. 
 
 John Morrison. 
 
 Asa Derba. 
 
 
 Ebenezer Holly. 
 
 Benjamin Carpenter. 
 
 Joseph Coleman. 
 
 Moses Clark. 
 
 
 Jushua Herbert. 
 
 Henry Samis. 
 
 Jonathan Coleman. 
 
 William Helms. 
 
 
 John Armstrong. 
 
 Samuel Kuapp. 
 
 William Kirby. 
 
 
 
 
 Roolof Van Brunt. 
 
 Orinus Bartholf. 
 
 
 Exempis. 
 
 Abel Jackson. 
 
 James Bartholf. 
 
 Daniel Denton. 
 
 
 Hope Rhodes. 
 
 Nathauiel Knapp, Jr. 
 
 Joseph Halsted. 
 
 Jonas Denton. 
 
 
 Jesse Owen. 
 
 James Parsliall. 
 
 Michael Halsted. 
 
 John Roe. 
 
 
 Alexander Coxe. 
 
 Anthony Swartwout. 
 
 Gershon Owen. 
 
 Alexander Jackson. 
 
 
 Isaac Cooley. 
 
 Benjamin Jackson. 
 
 Samnel Westbrook. 
 
 Joseph Grummon. 
 
 
 Charles Durland. 
 
 George Howell. 
 
 Anthony Westbrook. 
 
 Nathan Baily. 
 
 
 John Springsteed. 
 
 James Mosier. 
 
 Joshua Hill. 
 
 Thomas Beach. 
 
 
 William Jackson. 
 
 Samnel Finch. 
 
 Benjamin Gabrelis. 
 
 Henry Jayne. 
 
 
 Nehemiah Carpenter. 
 
 Samuel Reed. 
 
 David Shephard. 
 
 Richard Green. 
 
 
 Samuel Wells. 
 
 Jabez Finch. 
 
 Abraham Dolsen, Sr. 
 
 James Hanues. 
 
 
 Anthony Swartwout, Sr. 
 
 Benjamin Wallworth. 
 
 John Kinman. 
 
 James Forgas. 
 
 
 Jacob Swartwout. 
 
 Daniel Rosegrout. 
 
 Benjamin Attwood. 
 
 Samuel Baily. 
 
 
 James Howell. 
 
 John Davis. 
 
 Gilbert Howell. 
 
 Isaac Rhodes, Jr. 
 
 
 Oliver Arnold. 
 
 David Lowren. 
 
 Isaac Hoadley. 
 
 William Drake, 
 
 
 Jonathan Archey. 
 
 Moses Whitehead. 
 
 Nathan Arnout. 
 
 Daniel Holly. 
 
 
 Nathaniel Sulton. 
 
 John Myers. 
 
 William Little. 
 
 John Kinna. 
 
 
 Gilbert V. Hone. 
 
 David Stephens. 
 
 Caleb Smith. 
 
 Isaac Rhodes. 
 
 
 Amariah Fuller, 
 
 Jeremiah Trickey. 
 
 Stephen Smith. 
 
 Barnabas Horton. 
 
 
 William Chambers. 
 
 Henry Clark. 
 
 David (Jaser. 
 
 William Fullerton. 
 
 
 Abijah Yelverton. 
 
 John Carpenter Smith. 
 
 Matthew Tyrel. 
 
 David Benjamin. 
 
 
 James Smith. 
 
 Nathan Roberts. 
 
 Andrew Miller. 
 
 Hugh Dobbin. 
 
 
 James Drake. 
 
 John Shephard. 
 
 Asa Vail. 
 
 
 Uriah Satterly, 
 
 John Gerner. 
 
 Bazaliel Seely. 
 
 
 
 
 Hezekiah Lawrence. 
 
 Francis Callow. 
 
 Persons refusing to Sign. 
 
 Nathan Peniberton. 
 Benjamin Cole. 
 Caleb Smith. 
 PeterArnout. 
 
 John McDowell. 
 William Ilotr. 
 John Kimball. 
 James Miller. 
 
 Isaac Bull. 
 John Myers. 
 Isaac Aylie. 
 Jacobus Demereet. 
 
 
 Matthew Dillon. 
 David Howell. 
 Christopher Springsteed. 
 David Jones. 
 
 Matthew Howell. 
 Matthew Howell, Jr. 
 Thomas Augel. 
 Isaac Tracey. 
 Elijah Egars. 
 James Hulse. 
 Mark Chambers. 
 
 James Stewart. 
 Abraham Johnston. 
 Stephen Conkling. 
 Joshua Howell. 
 Samuel Titus. 
 Jonathan Hallock. 
 John Miller. 
 
 Jacobus Demerest, Jr 
 Nehemiah Baily. 
 Daniel Wood. 
 Abner Wood. 
 Eliphalet Wood. 
 George Wood. 
 
 
 William Wickham. 
 
 Colvill Shepherd. 
 Charles Brannon. 
 Charles Brannon, Jr. 
 John Newberry. 
 Ed. Newberry. 
 
 David Cooley. 
 Nathaniel Cooley. 
 Nathan Bailey. 
 
 John Rhodes. 
 David Mapes. 
 Zacheus Horton. 
 
 ''Committee of Safety and Observation:" Isaac 
 Nicoll, Benjamin Gale, Moses Hetfield, Daniel Ever- 
 
 Nathan Bailey (2). 
 
 Joshua Wells. 
 
 ett, James Little, 
 
 Joshua 
 
 Davis. Daniel Everett, 
 
 Zephaniah Kelly. 
 Samuel Satterly. 
 William Vail. 
 James Hamilton. 
 
 Benjamin Hill. 
 Nathaniel Allison. 
 William Kinua. 
 John Bailey. 
 
 chairman, Sept. 14, 1775. It is presumed there were 
 others on the committee, as the names of John 
 Hathorn, John Jackson, Henry Wisner, John Min- 
 
 Joseph Beckas. 
 
 LandriiieEggere. 
 
 thorne, and Nathaniel Ketchum appear as chairmen 
 
 Elias Clark. 
 Alexander Campbell. 
 
 John Conner. 
 Peter Mann. 
 
 at different times, but a complete list is not given. 
 
 Elibu Horton. 
 Hugh Fulton. 
 
 Daniel Cooley, Jr. 
 William Huff. 
 
 CORNWALL 
 
 PRECINCT. 
 
 Phineas Parehall. 
 
 Jacob Cole. 
 
 John Brewster, Jr. 
 
 
 Samuel Mapes. 
 
 Peter Townsend. 
 
 Edward David, Jr. 
 
 Silas Benjamin, Jr. 
 
 
 Justus Stevens. 
 
 John Gardner. 
 
 Daniel David. 
 
 Smith Clark. 
 
 
 David Stevens. 
 
 Michael Brooks. 
 
 Richard Halsted. 
 
 Thomas Clark. 
 
 
 Jonathan Stevens, 
 
68 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Ephraim Clark. 
 
 Daniel Mapes. 
 
 Maurice Hearen. 
 
 Daniel Thorne. 
 
 BeDJamiu Mapes. 
 
 Smith Mapes. 
 
 James Smith. 
 
 Timothy Wood. 
 
 Beth u el Mapes. 
 
 Isaiah Mapee. 
 
 Henry Dier, Sr. 
 
 Samuel Moffat. 
 
 Isaac Corley. 
 
 Nathan Marvin. 
 
 Silas Pierson. 
 
 Sylvanus Halsey. 
 
 Patrick CiissHday. 
 
 Samuel Gibson. 
 
 Silas Pierson, Jr. 
 
 Barnabas Many. 
 
 Joseph Wilcox. 
 
 Solomon Little. 
 
 Richard Coleman. 
 
 Luther Stuart. 
 
 Timothy Smith, Jr. 
 
 Jesse Woodhuil. 
 
 Francis Drake. 
 
 James Sayre, Jr. 
 
 Richard Honiman. 
 
 Natlian Brewster. 
 
 Benoni Brock. 
 
 John Sayre. 
 
 Nehemiah Clark. 
 
 Jonathan Brooks. 
 
 Justus Hulse. 
 
 Birdseye Young. 
 
 John Seely. 
 
 Elihu Marvin. 
 
 Stephen Howell. 
 
 Aaron Howell, Jr. 
 
 James Peters. 
 
 Seth Marvin. 
 
 Stephen Sayles. 
 
 WilUam King. 
 
 James Matthews. 
 
 Elihu Marvin, Jr. 
 
 Daniel Smith. 
 
 Isaac Bower. 
 
 William Rue. • 
 
 David Beggs. 
 
 Daniel Jones. 
 
 Thaddeus Cooley. 
 
 Joseph Smith. 
 
 Timothy Brewster. 
 
 John Brooks. 
 
 Wm. McLaughlin. 
 
 JohD MoWhorter. 
 
 Isaac Brown. 
 
 John Moffat. 
 
 Nassiad Curtis. 
 
 Josiah Pell. 
 
 Jesse Teed. 
 
 Michael Kelly. 
 
 Elijah Green. 
 
 John Pell, Jr. 
 
 Benjamin Budd. 
 
 John Leonard. 
 
 Jonathan Tuthill. 
 
 Abr'm Ketcham. 
 
 Benjamin Lester. 
 
 Lewis Donnovan. 
 
 Francis Tuthill. 
 
 Thomas Clark, Jr. 
 
 Joab Coleman. 
 
 John Close (Rev.). 
 
 Zachariah DuBois. 
 
 William Hunter. 
 
 Phineas Helmes. 
 
 John Pride. 
 
 Francis Brewster. 
 
 Archibald Little, Jr. 
 
 Silas Youngs. 
 
 Joseph Collinga. 
 
 John McLean. 
 
 Jonas Seely. 
 
 Silas Younga, Jr. 
 
 Thomas ColUngs. 
 
 Austin Smith. 
 
 Israel Hodges. 
 
 Reuben Youngs. 
 
 James Moore. 
 
 Joseph Lamoreux. 
 
 Samuel Knights. 
 
 Abimael Youngs, Jr. 
 
 Benjamin Thorne. 
 
 Eleazer Taylor. 
 
 James Sayre. 
 
 John Callay. 
 
 John Parker. 
 
 William Bradley, 
 
 Isaac Corley, Jr. 
 
 Thomas Sullivan. 
 
 Hezekiah Howell. 
 
 Nathaniel Pease. 
 
 Jesse Marvin. 
 
 Jeremiah Howell. 
 
 Richard Colling^vood. 
 
 Charles Howell. 
 
 Jeremiah Clark. 
 
 George Baitman. 
 
 Silas Benjamin. 
 
 E. Taylor. 
 
 Joseph Wood. 
 
 Josiah Seely. 
 
 John Benjamin. 
 
 Wm. Cook. 
 
 Archibald Little. 
 
 John McCarty. 
 
 John Kelley. 
 
 Thomas Chatfield. 
 
 Stephen Gilbert. 
 
 John Wood. 
 
 Aaron Howell. 
 
 James Wilkins. 
 
 Abraham Loce. 
 
 Thomas Moffat. 
 
 John Carpenter. 
 
 William Moffat. 
 
 John Mapes. 
 
 Samuel Smith. 
 
 Benjamin Carpenter. 
 
 Isaac Moffat. 
 
 '* Josepii Ketcham. 
 
 David Mandevil. 
 
 Timothy Carpenter. 
 
 John Moffat. 
 
 -Samuel Ketcham, Jr. 
 
 Vincent Matthews. 
 
 Joseph Carpenter, Jr. 
 
 Thomas Lenington. 
 
 "Benjamin Ketcham, Jr. 
 
 Samuel Ketcham. 
 
 Robert Gregg. 
 
 Jesse Brewster. 
 
 "■"-benjamin Ketcham. 
 
 Eleazer Youmans. 
 
 Samuel Bartlett. 
 
 Joseph Chandler. 
 
 Joseph Morrell. 
 
 Stephen Youmans. 
 
 William Owen. 
 
 William Gregg. 
 
 James Tuthill. 
 
 John Marvin. 
 
 Silas Coleman. 
 
 Silvanus Bishop. 
 
 Brewster Helms. 
 
 Jonathan Hallock. 
 
 Hugh Gregg. 
 
 Samuel Smith. 
 
 William Brown. 
 
 John Pecham. 
 
 Francis Drake. 
 
 John Faren. 
 
 Asahel Coleman. 
 
 John Burges. 
 
 Charick Vanduzen. 
 
 Isaac Vandusen (3d). 
 
 Samuel Sacket. 
 
 Patrick Odey. 
 
 Azariah Martin. 
 
 John Lightbody. 
 
 Micah Coleman. 
 
 Isaiah Howell. 
 
 Abraham Butler. 
 
 Gabriel Lightbody. 
 
 John Smith. 
 
 Samuel Seely. 
 
 Zachariah Burwell. 
 
 Isaac Lightbody. 
 
 Gershom Clark. 
 
 Israel Seely. 
 
 Joshua Burwell. 
 
 Andrew Lightbody. 
 
 Timothy Little. 
 
 Nathaniel Seely. 
 
 Joseph Reeder. 
 
 James Lightbody. 
 
 James Little. 
 
 Nathaniel Seely, Jr. 
 
 John Reeder. 
 
 Thomas Hulse. 
 
 Tbaddeus Seely. 
 
 Jesse Seely. 
 
 William Reeder. 
 
 Selah Satterly. 
 
 Benjamin Gregory. 
 
 Obadiah Smith. 
 
 Joseph Reeder, Jr. 
 
 Joel Tuthill. 
 
 A William Nicholson. 
 
 Nathaniel Satterly. 
 
 Samuel Tuthill. 
 
 John Miller. 
 
 Silvanus White. 
 
 Hezekiah Howell, Jr. 
 
 Benjamin Tuthill. 
 
 Arch. Cunningham. 
 
 Daniel Coleman. 
 
 Patrick McLaughlin. 
 
 Joshua Sandstar. 
 
 James Galloway. 
 
 John Brewster. 
 
 Daniel Deven. 
 
 Isaac Lamoureux. 
 
 Abner Thorp. 
 
 Christopher Van Duzer. 
 
 James Davidson. 
 
 John Lamoureux. 
 
 John Johnson. 
 
 Isaac Van Duzer, Jr. 
 
 Bn. Cruft. 
 
 John Lamoureux (2d). 
 
 Arche. Concham, Jr. 
 
 Roger Barton. 
 
 Nathaniel Sayre, Jr. 
 
 Peter Lamoureux. 
 
 George Whitaker. 
 
 Obadiah Thorn. 
 
 David Clark. 
 
 Luke Lamoureux. 
 
 Henry Myers. 
 
 Solomon Sheldon. 
 
 Richard Drake. 
 
 Peter Lamoureux, Jr. 
 
 Henry Brewster, Jr. 
 
 Absalom Towuaend. 
 
 Josiah Reeder. 
 
 Philip Miller. 
 
 Joseph Van Nort. 
 
 James Halt. 
 
 Peter Reeder. 
 
 John Carpenter. 
 
 William Conkling. 
 
 Silas Hall. 
 
 Stephen Reeder. 
 
 Elijah Carpenter. 
 
 John Brooks. 
 
 John W. Clark. 
 
 Jacob Reeder. 
 
 William Carpenter. 
 
 Neal Anderson. 
 
 Paul Howell. 
 
 Samuel Reeder. 
 
 Joseph Halstead. 
 
 James Mitchell. 
 
 Silas Howell. 
 
 Francis Vantine. 
 
 Jonathan DuBois. 
 
 James Overton. 
 
 Bazaliel Seely. 
 
 Alexander Sutton. 
 
 Thomas Poicy. 
 
 Moses Strain. 
 
 Elijah Hudson. 
 
 Samuel Smith. 
 
 Thomas Herley. 
 
 Caleb Ashley. 
 
 Samuel Moffat, Jr. 
 
 Thomas Smith. 
 
 ZacheuB Horton. 
 
 Benjamin Chichester. 
 
 Hugh Murray. 
 
 Jacob White. 
 
 Jonas Garrison. 
 
 Jacob Devo. 
 
 Dennis Cooley. 
 
 Justus Philby. 
 
 Samuel Robbins. 
 
 Thomas Willett. 
 
 Silvanus Sayles. 
 
 Benjamin Corey. 
 
 William Bedall. 
 
 Thomas Horton. 
 
 Matthew Sweny. 
 
 Frederick Tobias. 
 
 Thomas Smith. 
 
 Hanes Bartlett. 
 
 Isaac Brewster. 
 
 Gilbert Weeks. 
 
 Jacob Comten. 
 
 Reuben Taber. 
 
 Ebenezer Woodhull, 
 
 Nathan Birchard. 
 
 Jacob Comten, Jr. 
 
 Solomon Cornwell. 
 
 Nathaniel Stiong. 
 
 Zebulon Birchard. 
 
 Thomas Cooper." 
 
 John W. Tuthill. 
 
 Daniel Tuthill. 
 
 Robert Haight. 
 
 WiUiam Clark. 
 
 Joseph Davis. 
 
REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS. 
 
 6» 
 
 Abraham Sneden. 
 
 Nathaniel Jayne. 
 
 John Smith. 
 
 John Barton. 
 
 Adam Belstier. 
 
 Stephen Jayne. 
 
 Dariah Stage. 
 
 Andrew Southerland. 
 
 Stepheu Hulse. 
 
 Daniel Jayne. 
 
 Garret Willem, Jr. 
 
 James Southerland. 
 
 Eleazer Luce. 
 
 Joseph Hildreth. 
 
 William Horton. 
 
 Alex. Southerland. 
 
 Timothy Corwin. 
 
 Adam Miller. 
 
 Benj. Miller. 
 
 David Southerland (3d). 
 
 James Ludis. 
 
 Isaac Tobias. 
 
 James Miller. 
 
 John Southerland. 
 
 Daniel Rumsey. 
 
 .David Bloomfleld. 
 
 Asa Buck. 
 
 David Southerland. 
 
 Johu Tuthill. 
 
 Gilbert Roberts. 
 
 Robert Miller. 
 
 Henry Cunningham. 
 
 William Owens. 
 
 Lawrence Ferguson. 
 
 John McKelvey. 
 
 Henry Reynolds. 
 
 "William Bartlett. 
 
 Daniel Harrison. 
 
 Benjamin Goldsmith. 
 
 David June. 
 
 James Stought. 
 
 Daniel MiHer. 
 
 Joseph Miller. 
 
 Richard Sheldon. 
 
 John Carpenter. 
 
 Joseph Gold. 
 
 Timothy Owens. 
 
 John Celley. 
 
 James McCliigin. 
 
 Henry Davenport. 
 
 John Gee. 
 
 Stephen C. Clark. 
 
 William Ilooge. 
 
 Israel Osmun. 
 
 John Arkils. 
 
 Reuben dark. 
 
 James McGuffack. 
 
 Ezekiel Osmun. 
 
 John Earll, Jr. 
 
 Joseph Plumfield. 
 
 Silaa Corwia. 
 
 Henry Hall. 
 
 David Standley. 
 
 John Wood. 
 
 Henrj' Brewster. 
 
 William Cooper. 
 
 James Unels. 
 
 Stephen Wood. 
 
 Stephen Ilalsey. 
 
 Samuel Lows. 
 
 James Arnold. 
 
 Amos Pains. 
 
 James Ualsey. 
 
 Jacob Lows. 
 
 Nathan June. 
 
 Joseph Cupper. 
 
 Jacob Brown. 
 
 Tobias Wygant. 
 
 Fanton Horn. 
 
 Joseph Canfield, Jr. 
 
 John Earll. 
 
 James Lewis. 
 
 Thomas Davenport. 
 
 Francis Welton. 
 
 Peter Earll. 
 
 Nathaniel Biggs. 
 
 Oliver Davenport. 
 
 John J. Hammond. 
 
 Abraham Cooley, 
 
 James Huff. 
 
 Robert Davenport. 
 
 Solomon Siles. 
 
 Silas Tucker. 
 
 Daniel Curtis. 
 
 Gideon Florence. 
 
 Thomas Porter. 
 
 George Everson. 
 
 Nathan Strong. 
 
 Uriah Wood. 
 
 John Samson. 
 
 Thomas Everson. 
 
 Solomon Sarvis. 
 
 Amos Wood. 
 
 Micah Seaman. 
 
 Reuben Tucker. 
 
 Richard Earll. 
 
 Benjamin Wood. 
 
 Jonathan Earll. 
 
 David Wilson. 
 
 Benjamin Earll. 
 
 John Wood (3d). 
 
 John Haman. 
 
 Peter Lowrie. 
 
 John Brase. 
 
 Daniel Wood. 
 
 Alexander Johnson. 
 
 Elisha Smith. 
 
 Robert Brock. 
 
 James Scoldfield. 
 
 Samuel Earll. 
 
 Aaron De Grauw. 
 
 Neal Anderson (2d). 
 
 Uriah Crawford. 
 
 Samuel Raymond. 
 
 AmoB Wood. 
 
 Benjamin Jayne. 
 
 Thomas Lamoureux. 
 
 William Douglas. 
 
 John Williams. 
 
 Joseph Patterson. 
 
 James Tuttle. 
 
 Patrick McDowell. 
 
 Togidah Dickens. 
 
 Thomas Gregg. 
 
 John Florence. 
 
 Elijah Barton. 
 
 Samuel Howard. 
 
 Jacob Vanduzer. 
 
 Francis Miller. 
 
 Benj. Quackenbush. 
 
 William Howard. 
 
 .Andrew Stuart. 
 
 Thomas Gilbert. 
 
 William White. 
 
 Francis Bourk. 
 
 Henry Atwood. 
 
 Alexander Galloway. 
 
 Jacob Vanduzer. 
 
 John Daynes. 
 Aaron Miller. 
 
 Isaac Vanduzer. 
 William Ayres. 
 
 Persons refusing to Sign. 
 
 Owen Noblen. 
 
 William Miller. 
 
 Isaac Howell. 
 
 Benjamin Leveridge. 
 
 Edward Robben. 
 
 Jonas Smith. 
 
 John Veltman. 
 
 James Smith. 
 
 Isaac Horton. 
 
 Francis Plumsted. 
 
 Robert McAdell. 
 
 Sol. Thompson. 
 
 Hugh McDonel. \, 
 
 Samuel Whitmore. 
 
 Thomas Coin. 
 
 John Dave. 
 
 James Wilks. 
 
 Amos Whitmore. 
 
 William Wood. 
 
 Moses Clark. 
 
 James Wilks, Jr. 
 
 George Bveritt. 
 
 Thomas Biggs. 
 
 William Roley. 
 
 Kichard Wilks. 
 
 David Miller. 
 
 Saml. Smith. 
 
 Samuel Rockwell. 
 
 William Tompson. 
 
 Zabud June. 
 
 Hop. Smith. 
 
 James Jurdin. 
 
 John Johnson. 
 
 Francis Smith. 
 
 Aaron Cunningham. 
 
 Ebenezer Seely. 
 
 John Wagent. 
 
 Thomas Dearin. 
 
 Benjamin Darling. 
 
 Simon Rumsey. 
 
 John Wagent {2d). 
 
 Jeremiah Fowler. 
 
 Langford Thorn. 
 
 Theophilus Wood. 
 
 Joseph Stevens. 
 
 Martin Clark. 
 
 Thomas Coleman. 
 
 Oliver Patterson. 
 
 Thomas Smith. 
 
 Richard Langdon. 
 
 Silas Bagley. 
 
 George Leonard, 
 
 Silas Reynolds. 
 
 Stepheu Feet. 
 
 Josiah Gilbert. 
 
 David Smith. 
 
 John Woolly. 
 
 John Crouckhite. 
 
 Isaiah Reeve. 
 
 David Sands. 
 
 Peter Stevens. 
 
 Andrew Sherwood.— 
 
 John McCay. 
 
 Nathaniel Sands. 
 
 William Obadge. 
 John Boucke. 
 
 William Sherwood. 
 Samuel Strong. 
 
 " Committee of Safety 
 
 and Observation,'* 1775: 
 
 Silas Milts, Jr. 
 
 Thomas Oliver. 
 
 Hezekiah Howell, Archibald Little, Elihu Marvin, 
 
 Charles Field. 
 
 John Car. 
 
 Nathaniel Satterly, Nathaniel Strong, Jonathan 
 
 Henry Maudeville. 
 Jacob Maudeville. 
 
 Garret Miller. 
 
 Brooks, Stephen Gilbert, Zachariah DuBois, Thomas 
 
 Francis Mandeville. 
 
 Joshua Miller. 
 
 Moftat. Thomas Moffat, chairman. 
 
 Peter Reyuolds.' 
 
 William Bell. 
 
 The " County Committee 
 
 " of Orange, in 1776, had 
 
 Thomas Powell. 
 
 Zophar Head. 
 
 for its chairman Elihu Marvin, of Cornwall, and 
 
 Benjamin Priugle. 
 
 John Hall. 
 
 
 
 Daniel Prindle. 
 
 Benjamin Kelley. 
 
 David Pye ** deputy chairman for south side of moun- 
 
 Enos Prindle. 
 
 Henry Dier. 
 
 tain," — i.e., for Haveratraw and Orangetown. In 
 
 Oliver Davenport. 
 Chester Adams. 
 Joseph Canfiekl. 
 
 William Compten. 
 Philip Roblin. 
 Samuel Hall. 
 
 Ulster County, Eobert Boyd, of New Windsor, was 
 chairman. 
 
 Benjamin Caiifield. 
 
 Matthias Tyson. 
 
 In regard to the action 
 
 or causes of action of the 
 
 John Canfield. 
 
 Vincent Heluie. 
 
 committees of the precinct, 
 tee, there is little of record 
 
 or of the county commit- 
 except inferentially. The 
 
 AmoB Miller. 
 Cornwell Sands. 
 
 L. Canfield. 
 Daniel Adams. 
 
 Thomas Linch. 
 
 Patrick Ford. 
 
 first duty upon which the 
 
 former entered was the 
 
 George Galloway. 
 
 Amos Mills. 
 
 organization of military 
 
 companies and the pro- 
 
70 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 curing of arms and ammunition ; their second, was 
 the arrest of the disaffected. In October, 1775, Ste- 
 phen Wiggins and David Purdy, of Newburgh, were 
 arrested for inimical conduct and principles. In 
 1776, Samuel Devine was committed to jail, he having 
 " repeatedly drank damnation to the Congress and all 
 the Whigs." In 1778, Samuel Fowler and Daniel 
 Denton were arrested as persons of " equivocal and 
 suspected characters;" Silas Gardner for "levying 
 war against the United States of America, and hold- 
 ing correspondence with and assisting the enemies of 
 the said States," — his real offense being that he had 
 assisted the wife of Sir John Johnston in passing the 
 American lines to her husband in New York, for 
 which he was sentenced to be hung, and was par- 
 doned under the gallows. The next were James 
 Flewwelling, Elnathan Foster, John Flewwelling, 
 David Wyatt, Solomon Combs, Benjamin Smith, Ste- 
 phen Wood, John Moffat, Benjamin Darby, Timothy 
 Wood, Robert Denton, James Cosman, and Amos 
 Ireland, who, it was alleged, were on their way to 
 join the enemy. Cadwallader Colden, Jr., for gen- 
 eral conduct inimical to the popular cause, and for 
 having concealed weapons, was arrested by the New 
 Windsor committee, it appearing that the committee 
 of Hanover Precinct, in which he lived, had some 
 fear in undertaking proceedings against him. He 
 was kept on parole for the remainder of the war, and 
 ultimately returned to the possession of his estates. 
 Elnathan Foster and Benjamin Smith took the oath 
 of allegiance and returned to their homes after a 
 period of incarceration in Kingston jail, and lived 
 and died respected by their neighbors. James Flew- 
 welling ultimately joined the cow-boys, and was hung 
 at Goshen. James Cosman found refuge in Tarletou's 
 Legion, and, after the war, in Nova Scotia. 
 
 Meagre as are these details, they serve to show that 
 the committees were not idle, a fact which more 
 clearly appears from general records. Joshua Hett 
 Smith, arrested for complicity in Arnold's treason, 
 writes in his narrative, that the jail at Goshen " was 
 filled with those who professed themselves to be the 
 king's friends, — Tories, and those who were prisoners 
 of war, — felons, and characters of all colors and descrip- 
 tions." The jail at Kingston overflowed with similar 
 prisoners, and the surplus were removed to vessels 
 which were anchored in Rondout Creek and termed 
 the " Fleet Prison." Notwithstanding the arrests 
 -which were made, those who were opposed to the 
 revolutionary movement continued to be troublesome. 
 Thomas Palmer, under date of March 11, 1777, re- 
 ferring to the precinct of Newburgh more especially, 
 hut with evident application to adjacent country, 
 writes : 
 
 "Tou are not altogether etrangers to the nest of Tories which has, 
 gince the troublesome times, infested this precinct in particular. The 
 necessary precautions, however, heretofore taken for curbing their in- 
 solence has humbled some, while a number of others, not being able to 
 retain their venom, have gone over to the enemy and left their families 
 with us, who, being chiefly women and children, speak the language of 
 
 their absconded husbands and parents. But in the midst of oar trouble 
 with these rebels we are greatly satisfied to hear that their leader, the 
 mischievous Major Colden, is apprehended and secured; but still every 
 day seems to bring along with it new evidences of their rebellious in- 
 tentions, for numbers of those who have gone off to the enemy have left 
 behind them at their farms near the river crops of wheat and other 
 grain, and as they refuse selling it at any rate, no doubt their intentions 
 are to reserve it for the enemy, as many of them boldly say that they 
 expect the shipping up daily. It is not only those, liut many others who 
 are not gone off, no doubt act upon tlie same principle, as they refuse in 
 like manner to part with their grain." 
 
 To what extent "the necessary precautions" adopted 
 by the committees had a beneficial effect cannot be 
 stated, but that they were not sufiicient to prevent no 
 small number from joining the British army in active 
 hostilities is only too evident. The occupation of 
 New York City, Long Island, and the eastern part of 
 New Jersey by the British gave to this class of their 
 allies peculiar opportunities for predatory warfare, 
 and from their operations the Highland districts of 
 Orange were especially hara-ssed. Gathering in small 
 bands under some chosen leader, they sallied forth on 
 their errands of plunder from New Jersey and from 
 secure retreats in the lower Highlands, covered by 
 the enemy's works at Stony Point and at Fort Lee, 
 and became a terror to the inhabitants. The names 
 of the captains or leaders of these several bands have 
 not in all cases been preserved. Conspicuous among 
 them, however, were Capts. Moody, John Mason, and 
 Claudius Smith, and his son, Richard Smith. Capt. 
 or Ensign Moody is introduced by Joshua Hett Smith, 
 who writes of him : 
 
 "The Clove was celebrated for the attachment of the inhabitants in 
 general to the British interests, who had frequently encouraged and 
 protected parties from New York in their mountainous recesses, and it 
 was in this defile that the celebrated Capt- Moody, in May, 1781, in- 
 tercepted an express from Gen. Washington to Congress, communica- 
 ting the result of his interviews with the commanders of the land and 
 naval forces of France." 
 
 Subsequently we find him in New Jersey, at the 
 head of a party of nine men, bearing a commission 
 from Gen. Knyphausen, " to carry off the person of 
 Governor Ivivingston, or any other person acting in 
 public station" that he might meet with whose arrest 
 he might deem necessary to secure his own safety and 
 that of his party. He failed in the undertaking, and 
 barely escaped capture. When the facts became 
 known Governor Livingston offered a reward of two 
 hundred dollars for his appi-ehension, or for any or 
 either of his associates, whose names, so far as known, 
 were recited as Caleb Sweesy, James O'Hara, John 
 Moody, and Gysbert Eyberlin. Moody retaliated 
 with a proclamation offering two hundred guineas for 
 the delivery of Livingston alive into the custody of 
 Cunningham, the provost-keeper in New York, and 
 thus the matter ended.* It may be remarked that 
 the dispatches which he captured were designed by 
 Washington to fall into the hands of the British, and 
 had the effect to lead Sir Henry Clinton to withdraw 
 a portion of the forces under Cornwallis, rendering 
 
 * " Diary of the Revolution," ii. 308, 4C6. 
 
REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS. 
 
 71 
 
 the capture of the latter at Yorktown a matter of 
 much easier accomplishment. 
 
 Of John Mason nothing appears of record ftirther 
 than the fact stated by one of his accomplices under 
 arrest that he was a leader of one of the bands which 
 had their headquarters in the Clove, and is said to have 
 been engaged in several robberies and at least one 
 murder. The theme of local interest and history is 
 
 THE STORY OF CLAUDIUS SMITH. 
 Who was Claudius Smith ? His family is said to 
 have been of English origin, and to have been among 
 the early settlers of Brookhaven, L. I., where he was 
 born, and from whence he removed with his father 
 some years anterior to the Revolution, and took up 
 his residence at a place more recently known as Mc- 
 Knight's Mills, in the present town of Monroe, where 
 he grew up to manhood, married, and had sons of suf- 
 ticient age to unite with him in his predatory excur- 
 sions. It is not necessary that his identification 
 should be made more complete, and an attempt to do 
 so, in the absence of positive evidence, might re.sult 
 in injustice. It may safely be stated, however, that 
 the family of Smiths were early settlers in and gave 
 their name to Smith's Clove. Claudius is described 
 as '■ a man of large stature and powerful nerve, of 
 keen penetration; one upon whom nature had be- 
 stowed abilities worthy to be exerted in a better cause. 
 He conducted his expeditions with such cautiousness 
 as scarcely to be suspected until in the very execu- 
 tion of them ; and if a sudden descent was made upon 
 him, by some bold stroke or wily manoeuvre he would 
 successfully evade his pursuers and make his escape." 
 That he had the credit of doing much that he did not 
 do is no doubt true ; murder was not one of his 
 offenses, although murder was committed; he was a 
 " cow-boy," a stealer of horses and cattle, perhaps of 
 silverware, and money, if he could find it, and as a 
 thief he was tried and executed at Goshen on the 22d 
 of January, 1779. his indictment being " for burglary 
 at the house of John Earle ; for robbery at the house 
 of Ebenezer Woodhull ; for robbery of the dwelling 
 and still-house of William Bell." Whatever other 
 sins he may have committed were not charged against 
 him. He had good qualities. It is said " that the 
 poor man found in him a friend ready to share both 
 his meal and his purse, and it is believed that much 
 of what he extracted from the wealthy he bestowed 
 upon the indigent." He was hospitable. " The late 
 Judge Bodle, of Tompkins County, a former resident 
 of Orange, related a circumstance which occurred 
 with himself. On the morning following the capture 
 of Fort Jlontgomery b)' the British, he was pursuing 
 his way homeward from the neighborhood of the dis- 
 aster, when he suddenly met Claudius Smith in the 
 road. They knew each other. Judge Bodle was per- 
 plexed ; to escape was impossible, and putting on a 
 bold front he approached Claudius, who addressed 
 him with a friendly good-morning, and after in- 
 
 quiring the news from the river, continued, 'Mr. 
 Bodle, you are weary with walking : go to my dwel- 
 ling yonder (directing to a place off the road) and ask 
 my wife to give you a breakfast, and tell her that I 
 sent you.' " He hated meanness, and when one whom 
 he knew had money refused to lend that which was 
 necessary to Mrs. Col. James McClaughry to relieve 
 her husband, then a prisoner in the hands of the 
 British, it is said that he sent members of his band 
 and abstracted the money the loan of which had been 
 denied. 
 
 At what time Claudius Smith commenced his dep- 
 redations in the interest of the British government is 
 not known ; he is first met in public records in July, 
 1777, as a prisoner in Kingston jail, in company with 
 one John Brown, " charged with stealing oxen be- 
 longing to the continent." From Kingston he was 
 transferred to the jail at Goshen, from whence it is said 
 he escaped. In anything like a tangible record, he 
 is next met on his capture on Long Island, in the fall 
 of 1778, and the official narrative closes with his exe- 
 cution. The immediate act which led to his arrest was 
 the murder of Maj. Nathaniel Strong, of Blooming- 
 Grove. Immediately following this outrage, and with 
 a view to break up the band. Governor Clinton (Oct. 
 31, 1778) offered a reward for the apprehension of 
 Claudius and his sons, Richard and James. Claudius 
 fled to Long Island, where he was recognized by Maj. 
 John Brush, at that time visiting Long Island from 
 his residence in Connecticut, who, having previously 
 read Governor Clinton's proclamation, returned across 
 the Sound and made up a party, who visited the island 
 in the night, seized Smith in his bed, and conveyed 
 him to Connecticut, where he was placed under guard. 
 By direction of Governor Clinton, to whom the arrest 
 was immediately reported, Smith was taken through 
 Connecticut to Fishkill Landing, where he was met 
 by Col. Isaac Nicoll, sheriff of Orange County, and, 
 under guard of C'apt. Woodhull's troop of light-horse, 
 taken to Goshen, where he was ironed and placed in 
 jail. His trial was held at the Oyer and Terminer, 
 Jan. 13, 1779, and his execution followed on the 22d 
 of the same month. 
 
 Smith's associates were greater criminals than him- 
 self Five of them, viz.: "Matthew Dolson, John 
 Ryan, Thomas Delamar, John Gordon, and Amy Au- 
 ger, late Amy Jones," were executed with him. His 
 son James is believed to ha\*e been executed at Go- 
 shen soon after his father, in company with James 
 Flewwelling and William Cole; his son William was 
 shot in the mountains before his father was executed, 
 and also Benjamin Kelley, another member. Not one 
 of the band was ever tried for murder, although mur- 
 der was committed by them in the case of Maj. Strong, 
 and also in the case of one John W. Clark, who re- 
 sided near the Stirling Iron- Works.* Richard, the 
 
 * The following is from the Fishkill Piukel, April 28, 1779 : " Wo hear 
 from Goshen that a horrible mtiriler was committed near the Stirling 
 
72 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 youngest son of Claudius, with several members of 
 the baud, escaped to Nova Scotia after peace was de- 
 clared. Traditions of the mode of procedure and 
 operations of these men are numerous and varied. 
 One of the best authenticated is supplied by Mr. 
 Quinlan in his " History of Sullivan County," who 
 recites the story of the attack on Henry Reynolds, 
 of Monroe (subseijuently of Sullivan County). On 
 one occasion the " avengers of Claudius Smith" sur- 
 rounded Reynolds' house and endeavored to effect 
 an entrance, but the doors and windows were securely 
 bolted and barred. Determined not to be baffled, 
 they got upon the roof, and were descending inside 
 the wide, old-styled chimney, when one of the family 
 threw a basket of feathers on the fire, and the in- 
 truders were literally smoked out, and gave up further 
 operations. A second attempt, in July, 1782, was 
 more successful. Benjamin Kelley, Philip Roblin, 
 and several others went to Reynolds' house in the 
 night, and pretending that they were a detachment 
 from Washington in search of deserters, he opened 
 the door to them. They had scarcely entered when 
 they discovered their true character by attacking 
 Reynolds, who endeavored to escape. The noise 
 aroused the family, consisting of Reynolds' wife, 
 seven children, and a lad who lived with him, but 
 they were powerless in such hands. In their pres- 
 ence Reynolds was cut and wounded with knives and 
 swords, and finally hung by the neck on the trammel- 
 pole of his fireplace. They then proceeded to search 
 the house for valuables, and, in their absence fiom 
 the room, Reynolds' daughter, Phebe, cut the rope 
 and released her father and got him upon a bed. Re- 
 
 Irou-Works on the night of Saturday, the2Gth of March, by a party of 
 villains, five or six in number, the principal of whom was Richard Smith, 
 eldest surviving son of the late Claudius Smith, of infamous memory, 
 his eldest son having been shot last fall at Smith's Clove, in company with 
 several other villains, by one of t>ur scouting parties sent out in search 
 of them. These bloody miscreants, it seems, that night intended to 
 murder two men, who had shown some activity and resolution in appre- 
 hending these robbers and murderers who infested the neighljorhood. 
 They firat went to the house of John W. Clark, near the iron-works, 
 whom they dragged from his house and then shot him, and observing 
 some remains of life in him, one of them s.iying, ' he is not dead enough 
 yet,' shot him through the arm again and left him. He lived some 
 hours after, and gave an account of their names and behavior. They 
 
 then went to the house of , who, hearing some noise they made in 
 
 approaching, got up and stood on his defense with his gun and bayonet 
 fixed, in a corner of his little log cabin. They burst open the door, but 
 seeing him stand with his gun were afraid to enter, and thought proper 
 to march off. The following was pinned to Clark's coat : 
 
 "M Wtiriiliig lo llif Ite}'t/U. — Yon are hereby warned at your peril to 
 desist from hanging any more friends to government as you did Claudius 
 Smith. You are warned likewise to use James Smith, James Flewwel- 
 ling, and William Cole well, and ease their irons, for we are determined 
 to hang six for one, for the blood of the innocent cries aloud for vengeance. 
 Your noted friend, Capt. Williams, and his crew of robbers and murderers, 
 we have got in our power, and the bluod of Claudius Smith shall be re- 
 paid. There are particular companies of us who belong to Col. Butler's 
 army, Indians as well as white men, and particularly numbei-s from New 
 York, that are resolved to be avenged on you for your cruelty and murder. 
 We are to remind you that you are the beginners and aggressors, for by 
 your cruel oppressions and bloody actions you drive us to it. This is the 
 first, and we are determined to pursue it on your heads and leadel-s to 
 the last, till the whole of you are murdered.' " 
 
 turning to the room and discovering what had been 
 done, they whipped the daughter with the rope until 
 they thought she was disabled, and again hung Rey- 
 nolds to the trammel-pole, from which his heroic 
 daughter again rescued him. They then flew at Rey- 
 nolds with knives and swords, and only ceased their 
 work when they supposed he was dead. After de- 
 stroying Reynolds' papers, and taking whatever of 
 value that he had, they left the building, and after 
 fastening the door on the outside set it on fire. The 
 daughter, Phebe, again proved a heroine by extin- 
 guishing the fire. Then, finding that her father was 
 not yet dead, she devoted herself to him and suc- 
 ceeded in stanching his wounds. With the coming 
 of morning she started out and alarmed the neighbor- 
 hood, and shortly after sunrise a company of armed 
 men was in pursuit of the marauders, who were fol- 
 lowed to the mountains and overtaken. A well-di- 
 rected shot from a man named June wounded one of 
 them, Benjamin Kelley. His body was subsequently 
 recovered and identified by a suit of Quaker clothes 
 which he had stolen from Reynolds. Meanwhile a 
 physician had reached Reynolds' house and dressed his 
 wounds. He was found to be wounded in over thirty 
 places. One of his ears were so nearly severed that 
 it hung down to his shoulder. It was put back in its 
 place, but healed in such a way as to leave hira dis- 
 figured for life. One of his hands was also so badly 
 cut that he never recovered its use. He lay for weeks 
 on the brink of the grave, but ultimately recovered, 
 and lived to see his eighty-fifth year. Phebe, who was 
 then only twelve years of age, married Jeremiah Drake 
 after her removal to Sullivan County, where she died 
 in 1853. It may be added that Phebe's mother was 
 brought to confinement by the excitement of the ter- 
 rible night through which she had ptissed, and that 
 the daughter then born to her (Polly) subsequently 
 became the wife of Dr. Blake Wales.* 
 
 From tradition we turn to the written record, — the 
 "confession of William Cole, taken at New Barba- 
 does, March 29, 1779," which was as follows: 
 
 " William Cole saith that about the 3d day of April, 1777, he, ac- 
 companied by John Babcock, William Jones, and John Ellison, at , 
 
 where lie enlisted in Col. John Bayard's regiment (loyalists), in which he 
 continued until the battle of Fort Montgomery. That at the surrender of 
 the fort, and at the departure of the British troops from there, he, the said 
 William Cole, and one James Babcock, being left sick about two miles 
 from the fort at Moses Clements', Esq., went to the house of the said James 
 Babcock at Stirling, where the said James Babcock continues (having in a 
 short time thereafter delivered himself up to justice). That from thence 
 he, the said William Cole, went to Pompton Plains, where he resided about 
 a mouth, being suspected of having been with the enemy. That from 
 Pompton he returned to the Clove, and from thence, in company with and 
 by the persuasion of one David Babcock and one Jonathan Cage, he weut 
 to New Y'orK. That some time in the latter end of last fall he left New 
 York in company with Thomas Ward, John Everett. Jacob Acker, James 
 Cowen, George alias Thomas Harding, David Babcock, James Twaddle, 
 Martinns Lawson, and Peter Lawson, and a certain John Mason, who 
 was the head of the gang. That he parted company with them at the 
 Clove about a mile beyond Sidman's, being something indisposed, and re- 
 mained in the house of Edward Roblin in the Clove, while the above- 
 
 "= '* History of Sullivan County," 472, etc. 
 
SECOND WAR WITH ENGLAND. 
 
 73 
 
 mentioned persons robbed Mr. Erskine niic] Mi's. SMnian. Tlmt the 
 above-named George Harding made a present of Mrs. Erskine's gobl 
 wattli to David Watlliews, Esq., niavc.r of New York, and tliat Mr. Er- 
 skine's I iflc was given b.v Mason to Lord Catliuart. Tliat ttie same pal tj- to- 
 getlier uitli Weat, and Banta, and Hicliardand .I:itnes ^^nlitll,soIlsof Clan- 
 dins Smith, and a eertain Natlniniel Uijigs, were tlie persons wlio robbed 
 Master-Master Genei-al Ward, &t:.y for wliieli tliey reeeived one liundred 
 guineas from Lord Catlieart, as lie, the said Cole, was infin-nied b.v tlieni 
 on tlieir return from New York. That jnst before he was taken he met 
 with .lohn Mason, David Babcock, Thonnis Ward, and Rii-har<l ?nntli, 
 near the bridge commonly called the Dwaas, who threatened vengeance 
 for the execution of Clandins Smith, fiom whence he con.iectnies them 
 to have been the persons who murdered Sir. Clark ; soon after that Da- 
 vid Dabeock, Itichard Smith, and Jonas Ward, with abtnit eleven of Gen. 
 Bnrgoyne's men. were tlie persons that tlied upon BLij, Goebbius, some 
 time in last .lanuary, as he was inlormed by said persons, in New York 
 after the fact. That as he heard from them, one Henry McManus, who 
 generally liad his haunts near Stirling:, one William Stagg, and one or 
 two of Bnrgoyue's men, were the jioi-sons who robbed a certain Light- 
 body, towards WallUill, and that David Bahcock and Itichard Smith 
 brought two horses, robbed from Natlniniel Seely, in Smith's Clove, into 
 New York, in Jainuiry last, which they sold to Johu D.iy, who for- 
 meily lived ill Tine Valley, That when he robbed Mr. Ackermau he 
 was accomiianied by George Bull, Jacob Low, James Flewwelliiig, all 
 of whom formerly lived at Wallkill. That tlie above mliliery was the 
 only one in wdlicli he was ever concerned in, e.vcept that he took Hen- 
 drick Odell's gun. 
 
 "That the persons who harbor these gangs are Benjamin Deniarest, 
 
 Tunis Heluie, John llarriiig, .John Johnston (under monnlain); 
 
 William Conkling, Elislia Babcockf Elislni Babcock, .Ir,, John Dohbs 
 
 (near ); Edward Rohlin, in the Clove; Peter Nail, Benjamin 
 
 Kelley, and Powers , all fn the Clove; Edward Ennuis and John 
 
 "Winter in ; Peter Acker in Paskock ; and Jacobus Peak. That 
 
 there is a cave dug under ground by the sons of Isaac Ma.\ bee and on 
 the said filaybee's land, about half a mile from John Ilarriug's, and an- 
 other at about a quarter of a mile distant from the former, dug by the 
 same persons, and a third about three miles from the hoirse of Joseph 
 Wessels in the Clove, and well known by Uoblins in the Clove, each of 
 wdiich may contain about eight persons, where thes" robbei^ generally 
 resort; and that Joint King, Jacob Acker, and John Staat are now in the 
 
 Clove at , or in the houses around it. That Harding, Eveiett, he 
 
 as soon as the weather grows warm, intend to plunder Col. at 
 
 Wallkill, to burn Col. Nicolls' house, the gaol, and some other houses 
 in and near Goshen, and to remain in the county for that pniposo. That 
 there is a gang of the same kind on the east side ot Jliiilson's Kiver, 
 ■whose names are Maiideville -, Peter Wood, William Hnlliker, Wil- 
 liam Danforth, Aaron M'illiams, James Houston, and others, who pltlii- 
 deied and brought some cattle and horses from Tarrytown to New York 
 the d.iy before the said Cole left it." 
 
 " William Welcber says that some time Inst January, \\"iert Baiitn and 
 others applied to him to go with tliem to take Governor Livingston, ftjr 
 whose capture a reward of two humlred guineas was offered by the mayor 
 of New York, which he refused. That ho never was concerned in any 
 robberies but that for which be is condemned. RIeiilions the same per- 
 Bons who harbor gangs as named iu Cole's confession, ami besides, one 
 Arie Ackermau, at Paskock, where the wife of one of those robbei'S 
 (John Mason) lives." 
 
 It was for many years a current belief that the val- 
 uable plunder obtained by these bands was buried in 
 the mountains, and among other articles a silver stand, 
 a quantity of pewter plates, and a large number of mus- 
 kets. The story of searches for the buried articles by 
 the grandsons of Claudius Smith, and also by sons of 
 one of the Roblins, is told with no little minuteness 
 of detail, but there is no evidence that anything more 
 than guns were ever found. Like the buried treas- 
 ures of Kidd, they have failed to be revealed to the 
 earnest gaze of credulous searchers. It is apparently 
 the fact that they never stole much besides cattle, as 
 there was very little of gold or silver, money or stocks, 
 iu the possession of the people whose houses they 
 6 
 
 visited. They may have become infamous, but they 
 were never made rich by the busine.ss in which they 
 engaged. It is said that their operations were con- 
 tinued until the permanent encampment of the Amer- 
 ican army in the Highlands (October, 1781) rendered 
 their operations extremely hazardous, and finally 
 ceased on the exchange of the preliminary articles of 
 peace (1782), which obliged the British officers in New 
 York to withdraw the encouragement which they had 
 previously extended. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 SECOND "WAH WITH ENGLAND-WAR WITH 
 MEXICO. 
 
 Perhaps less is known, at the present time, in re- 
 gard to the second war with England, commonly called 
 the war of 1812, than there is in regard to the Revo- 
 lution. Two reasons may be assigned for this, — the 
 Revolution gave birth to the nation, and participants 
 iu it have commanded that respect, and its influence 
 upon the world has been such, that the most thorough 
 attention has been devoted by historians to the collec- 
 tion of facts and records with a view to preserve its 
 most minute details ; and, second, whatever of docu- 
 mentary evidence exists touching any of its details is 
 accessible to those wishing to make examinations. 
 The second war has not been so fortunate. Its suc- 
 cesses were mainly through the navy on the ocean. 
 But two triumphs occurred on land of any consid- 
 erable importance — tlie victories at Plattsburgh and 
 New Orleans — to compensate for many humilia- 
 tions, not the least of which was the capture by the 
 British of the capital of the nation, and the burning 
 of the national records, an event which, by drawing 
 from the States whatever records they possessed to 
 supply the place of those which were thus destroyed, 
 has rendered them almost wholly inaccessible. 
 
 The causes of the war were manifold. It was not 
 without some prophetic accuracy that Franklin, re- 
 plying to congratulations on the success of the colo- 
 nies in their struggle for independence, remarked, 
 " Say, rather, the war of the Revolution — the war for 
 Independence is yet to be fought," for at no time until 
 alter the war of 1812 did England fully recognize 
 the independence of the United States. Tliere ivas a 
 constant friction between the two governments, grow- 
 ing out of the weakness of the one and the powerful- 
 ness of the other, which culminated in the impress- 
 ment of American seamen and the enforcement of the 
 claimed right to search every vessel bearing the flag 
 of the United States and the involvement of the 
 United States in the war between England and 
 France. This involvement did not grow out of any 
 act of the United States government further than was 
 necessary for the protection of American commerce. 
 The English government issued its famous Orders in 
 
74 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Council, which dcchired that all American vessels 
 going to and from the ))orts of France and her allies, 
 without first touching at or clearing from an English 
 port, should be considered lawful prizes. These or- 
 ders provoked the Berlin and Milan Decrees, on the 
 part of France, by which all vessels that had touched 
 at an Engfish port, or submitted to be searched by an 
 English cruiser, were pronounced to be the projierty 
 of France ; while British goods, wherever found, 
 were made subject to seizure and confiscation. 
 
 Under such circumstances the American govern- 
 ment could not remain inactive and allow its com- 
 merce to be ruled or ruined by the policy or pride of 
 Britain or of France. Accordingly, in December, 
 1809, Congress resolved, as a matter of protection, to 
 lay an embargo upon all American vessels and mer- 
 chandise. This embargo prohibited American vessels 
 from sailing from foreign ports, and all foreign ships 
 from carrying away American cargoes. Its effect was 
 suddenly to suspend commerce, to expose thousands 
 of merchants to the risk of bankruptcy, and to check 
 at once the flow of ])roduce from the interior to the 
 sea-l)oard, — results which were severely felt by the 
 people and which tried their patriotism to the utmost. 
 The navy of the United States was actively employed 
 in enforcing this embargo on the coast, and in the 
 course of its opei'ations brought on the historic con- 
 test between the "President" and the "Little Belt," 
 on the 10th of May, 1811, which tended materially to 
 the alienation of the nations. " In the winter of 1812, 
 a plot on the part of English agents to sever the Amer- 
 ican Union was revealed to the government, and at a 
 later day the determination of the English ministry 
 to adhere to her Orders in Council was formally com- 
 municated to the President. At the same time the 
 claim to impress Englii^h seamen out of American 
 ships on the high seas was maintained in theory, 
 while in practice the impressment was constantly ex- 
 tended to natives, the boarding officers claiming that 
 the seaman who failed to prove that he was an Amer- 
 ican should be seized as an Englishman." From 
 this determination there could be but one appeal, and 
 on the 18th of June, 1812, Congress formally declared 
 war against England. 
 
 Throughout the controversy preceding the declara- 
 tion of war, and in the subsequent efforts to maintain 
 it, the great majority of the people of the county were 
 unwavering in their support of the national authori- 
 ties. From first to last, by resolutions pa.ssed in con- 
 ventions, by the expression of their sentiment* through 
 the ballot-box, by the prompt offer of volunteers, and 
 by the contribution of men to actual service, they 
 evincfed their purpose to resist the " attacks of domes- 
 tic enemies and the insolent aggressions of foreign 
 powers." The first formal manifestation of local sen- 
 timent occurred in 1807, when the "Republican 
 Blues," of Newburgh, tendered their services to the 
 Governor of the State, as volunteer.s. This was fol- 
 lowed by the overwhelming defeat of the Federal 
 
 party, which was charged with being in sympathy 
 with the English (though perhaps without sufficient 
 reason), at the election in 1808 and 1809, and again 
 in 1814, when Jonathan Fisk, representing the War 
 party, obtained a majority of 1785 for congressman 
 over Jonas Storey. The issue was perhaps more 
 fairly joined in 1809 than in 1814. In that year 
 (March 9th) the Republicans held a county conven- 
 tion at Goshen, preparatory to the State election, — 
 Gen. Hathorn, chairman, and Jonathan Fisk, Esq., 
 Col. John Nicholson, Gen. Reuben Hopkins, Capt. 
 Josiah Brown, and Judge Nathan H. White, commit- 
 tee on resolutions,— and resolved, " That we view the 
 laying of an embargo as a wise and patriotic measure, 
 imperiously demanded by the exposed condition of 
 our seamen, shipping, and trade to the audacious out- 
 rages of foreign powers; that it has saved thousands 
 of our seamen from imprisonment and slavery, and 
 millions of property of our countrymen from capture 
 and confiscation." On the other hand, the Federal 
 party — Daniel Niven, chairman, and John Barber, 
 Alex. R. Thompson, Alanson Austin, John Bradner, 
 J. N. Phillips, John Morrison, John Duer, Samuel 
 Sayer, Jonas Storey, Solomon Sleight, John Decker, 
 and Samuel B. Stickney, committee on resolutions — 
 
 ' resolved, "That the act for enforcing the embargo, 
 passed Jan. 9, 1809, in our deliberate opinion, is un- 
 just, illegal, and oppre.ssive, subversive of the rights 
 and dangerous to the liberties of the people." When 
 the war finally came on, many of the anti-embargo 
 men of 1809 sustained the administration, holding 
 with the majority that it was "just and necessary to 
 redress our grievances and avenge our violated rights." 
 The minority who withheld their assent are perhaps 
 correctly represented by the vote in 1814 for Mr. 
 Storey. We have no criticism to make on the course 
 of any men or bo^ly of men, but believe it to be the 
 highest prerogative of an American citizen to approve 
 or refuse to, approve of any war which may be declared 
 by Congress, or into which the nation may be plunged. 
 The citizen only becomes criminal by the commission 
 of acts of treason, of which the expression of opinion 
 is not a recognized element. 
 
 During the continuance of the war the militia were 
 not without service in the field, while in the navy 
 and in the volunteer regiments recruited by order of 
 the government the county was honorably repre- 
 sented. For the reasons already stated, an accurate 
 account of the movements of the militia during the 
 war cannot now be obtained. The plan for raising 
 troops was simple enough. The coast fortifications 
 were to be well garrisoned by the local militia, as- 
 sisted, when necessary, by regular troops, while aggres- 
 sive operations were to be intrusted to the regular 
 army and volunteers. The militia was to be called 
 out to garrison the fortifications and for coast defense 
 in detachmentiS which were to include uniformed com- 
 
 I panics only, and in case their ranks were not full, 
 drafts were to be made upon the enrolled militia to 
 
SECOND WAR WITH ENGLAND. 
 
 75 
 
 supply the deficiency. Second requisition.s were not 
 to include those serving under the first, and from the 
 third, the first and second were relieved, the object 
 being to divide the burden of duty as equally as pos- 
 sible. The first call was made April 21, 1812, and 
 under it the detached militia were arranged in two 
 divisions and eight brigades, and the brigades were 
 divided into twenty regiments, to the command of 
 each of which a lieutenant-colonel was given. Ste- 
 phen Van Rensselaer, of Albany, was appointed to 
 the conuiKind of the first division, the secoud brigade 
 of which, under Brig.-Gen. Reuben Hopkins, of 
 Goshen, embraced the militia detachments of Orange 
 and Ulster, which were organized as the fourth regi- 
 ment under Lieut.-Col. Andrew J. Hardenburgh, of 
 Shawangunk. The cavalry and the artillery com- 
 panies were similarly organized, the artillery in the 
 first .brigade of artillery, and the cavalry in the first 
 brigade of cavalry. This arrangement was continued 
 during the war, Lieut.-Col. Isaac Belknap, Jr., of 
 Newburgh, taking the place of Col. Hardenburgh, in 
 1813 and 1814. The first call (1812) included all the 
 uniformed companies ; the second, made in July, 
 1813, included " all the uniformed companies of in- 
 fantry, grenadiers, and riflemen," excepting members 
 who had been on duty in 1812, and, as the number of 
 exempts was considerable, the deficiency in the com- 
 pany rolls was made up by draft ; the third call, 
 made July 20, 1S14, included infantry, artillery, and 
 cavalry. Newburgh and New Windsor were made 
 the place of rendezvous, and from thence the com- 
 panies were moved to New York by sloops, and as- 
 signed to Harlem Heights and the fortifications 
 aronnd New York. The periods of service were tliree 
 or four months.* 
 
 We have been unable to obtain a complete list of the 
 uniformed companies of the county at that time, but 
 the following were among the number, viz. : the 
 Orange Hussars, of Montgomery, Capt. William 
 Trimble (subsequently Capt. Millikenf) ; Capt. Van 
 
 * The detached militia rendezvuused at Newburgh and New Windsor in 
 1814, embarked Aug. 28tli and retuined Dec. 4th, a period of foul' monllis. 
 
 t The history of this cuniii:iii.v "as referred to by Mr. Iln^'li li. Bull, 
 in an address delivered by him at the presentation of a stand of colors 
 to the corps, Aug. 9, 1855, as follows; 
 
 "This company of cavalry has been in existence for more than six de- 
 cades of years without au interregnum. It was organized shortly after 
 the Revolutionary war, under the auspices of Joseph Barboni", a jiatriotic 
 citizen of the town of Montgomery, who some thirty years oi- more since 
 went to that rest which awaits the soldier eiiually with othels of our 
 race. His descendants and kindred are among tlie most respectable and 
 honorable of our county. His commission bears date Oct. 0, ITO.'t, under 
 the hand and seal of His Excellency George Clinton, the then Governor 
 of our State. This company has preserved an actual existence from that 
 until the present period. It has been marshaled in succession under 
 Barbour and 5Iilliken; and in what is called tlie war of 1812, wheu the 
 design was formed by the perfidious fue to humble and crush our infant 
 nation, this troop rallied on Brooklyn Heights, and hi.ire their part in 
 turning back tlie invader and averting the tide of desolation that was 
 about to flow over our domains. Also, under Hill, Waugli, and that iu" 
 duniitable and enei-getic soldier, William Wright, who, for a quarter of 
 a lentury or more, caused bis ardent 8<.ddiery to appear at his call, and 
 they ill turn responded Milb alacrity. He has sustained this corps during 
 that j.eriod through good and evil report, under adverse and favorable 
 
 Orsdall's and Capt. Dorcas' companies of infantry, of 
 the same town; Capt. Kerr's company of artillery, of 
 New Windsor; Capt. Butterworth's company of ar- 
 tillery, of Newburgh ; Cajit. Westcott's company of 
 cavalry, of Goshen ;J Capt. Acker's company of cav- 
 alry, of Newburgh and Marlborough ; Capt. Dennis- 
 ton's and Capt. Birdsall's companies of infantry, of 
 Newburgh. 
 
 In 1812 (Nov. 30th), Capt. Denniston, whose com- 
 pany was known as the " Republican Blues," proposed 
 the organization of a company of volunteers, to serve 
 for one year or during the war, and succeeded in en- 
 listing about fifty men, who elected Jonathan Gidney 
 captain. The company went to New York and 
 formed part of a detached regiment of riflemen, 
 ranked, we are informed, as the Twenty-seventh U. S. 
 Infantry, of which Capt. Denniston became major, 
 and subsequently colonel. The name of Capt. Ben- 
 jamin Wood, of Goshen, also appears in connection 
 with this regiment, which is presumed to have been 
 the regiment in which volunteers from the county 
 mainly enlisted. 
 
 From a sketch written by Moses H. Corwin, and 
 published elsewhere, it appears that there was a com- 
 pany or a portion of a company from Wallkill, in 
 September, 1813. This company was known as the 
 " Republican Blues," and proceeded to Waterford, via 
 sloop from Newburgh, where it was embraced in a 
 regiment under Col. Abraham Hardenburgh, of Ulster 
 County. From Whitehall the command moved to 
 Plattsburgh, and from thence to Fort Hampton, near 
 the Canada line. The regiment had no special ser- 
 vice other than guard duty. The muster-roll of the 
 company, as supplied from memory, was as follows: 
 
 Captain, Clark; lieutenant, Stacey Beaks, commandant; first ser- 
 geant, Nathaniel Penn.v. 
 
 PriiHttes. — John Canfield, John B. Co.\, Samuel Cox, Ahner Miller, Moses 
 H. Corwin, Steplien Sayre, Andrew Gunsoules, Gabriel Hill, Daniel 
 Parsons, David Youmans, Sanniel Canfield, Henry Coleman, William 
 Penny, Joseph li. Owen, Joseph Kien, Peter Quick, Alexander Par- 
 sons, John S. Clark, Matthew Faulkner, Benjamin Parsons. 
 
 The following roll of a detached company cannot 
 be located, from the fact, already stated, that all such 
 companies were made up from other companies of an 
 entire regimental district. The list embraces Orange 
 as well as Ulster County names : 
 
 " Muster Roll of a company of Kew York militia under the command of Capt. 
 John hnnning, in the consolidated retjimfnt of infantry commanded by 
 Liettt.'Cot. Michael Smith from the seventh of Sei>teml}er, 1814, when 
 mustered^ to the first day of November, 1814, in the service of the United 
 States ; 
 
 John Dunning, captain. 
 
 William Mullicks, first lieutenant. 
 
 legislation. His mantle has now fallen on the present commandant, 
 Capt. William C. Brewster, who is resolved to wear it manfully and with 
 the true spirit of the soldier." 
 
 X The following brief recoi'd occurs in the local newspapers, April 11, 
 1813: 
 
 " In the squadron of Maj. Westcott of the firet regiment of cavalry of 
 this State, Charles Lindsey luu; been appointed captiin ; Joseph H. Jack- 
 son, first lieutenant; Daniel McNeal, second lieutenaut; and Stephen P. 
 Rockefellow, cornet." The persons named were all residents of Mont- 
 gomery, except Maj. Westcott. % 
 
76 
 
 HISTORY OF^ ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 "Wulter Moore, ensign.* 
 Buutli, Jeffrey, firet sergennt. 
 Grant', John A., secouil ser- 
 geant. 
 Dunning, Uenry, tliird ser- 
 
 pLMItt. 
 
 Howell, Josiah, fourth ser- 
 geant. 
 
 Chirk, Oliver, first corporal. 
 
 Geiiuiig, Pierson, second cor- 
 poial. 
 
 MtHTiiy, Anliil.ahl Y., third 
 Corporal. 
 
 Lewis, James, fourth corporal. 
 
 Sniiili, Derrick, fifth corporal. 
 
 Wilkiu, Danifl, sixtli corporal. 
 
 Itiown, Samuel, drunnuer. 
 
 Geuuiig. llurvey, filer. 
 
 Br..\vii, KUslia. 
 
 Biuuilage, Abijah. 
 
 Brown, Neal. 
 
 Bennett, Levi. 
 
 Brown, Daniel. 
 
 Baily, Nathaniel. 
 
 Benjamin, John. 
 
 Booth, Thomas A. 
 
 Bedford, IJeM.janiin. 
 
 Cash, Sti'iihen. 
 
 Clark, Stephen. 
 
 Cuiey. Benjamin. 
 
 Ciawford. James. 
 
 Ciddwell, Gahiiel. 
 
 Clirislic, Andrew. 
 
 Corwin, Nehat. 
 
 Coiwin, Joseph. 
 
 Cox, Jeiemiali. 
 
 Cox, Thoni|>son. 
 
 Cantield, Juseph. 
 
 Deekei-, Stephen. 
 
 Dunning. I^lielutel. 
 
 Dunning, John, Jr. 
 
 Fanning, Samuel. 
 
 Culdt>mitli,Saleui. 
 
 Gale, Henry. 
 
 Gregory, Lyman. 
 
 Goldsmith, Moses. 
 
 Gardner, Samuel. 
 
 Gardner, Silas L. 
 
 Gid>imnit)i, John D. 
 
 IIoi ton, Barnabas. 
 
 Hulse, Jonas, Jr. 
 
 Hudson, Kleazer. 
 
 nines, John W. 
 
 Jackson. Daniel T. 
 
 Ja;:g'r, I'anl. 
 
 Kirk, Hubert. 
 
 "Mustered 03 a company of detached militia at Quarantine Ground, 
 Sbiten Island, Nov. 1, 18U. 
 
 " Robert C. Hukter (Blooming-Grove), SurgeonJ" 
 
 In the navy the county was represented by Silas 
 Horton Stringham, Charles Ludlow, Augustus C. 
 Ludlow, Robert C. Ludlow, and others. Stringham, 
 then a midshipman, was with Commodore Rogers in 
 the frigate " President" during her action with the 
 " Little Belt," in 1809, and served until the close of 
 the war under his early tutor. His subsequent career 
 is a matter of history. Robert C. Ludlow was on the 
 "Constitution," and participated in the capture of 
 
 * Accompanying commission : 
 
 " Walter C. Moore, Ensign, of a company in the regiment of detached 
 militia, whereof Benjamin Webb is Lieutenant -Colonel commandant, 
 ifisued Ly Daniel D. Tompkins, Governor, Feb. 9, 1810." 
 
 Kortright, John C. 
 Kerr, Nathan. 
 Kiik, Davi.I. 
 Keen, Klihu C. 
 Kunx, Jauies. 
 Knapp, Elijah. 
 Long, Arteuins. 
 Lockwood, Jarod. 
 Lodei-, Isaac W. 
 Millspaugli, Samuel. 
 SleNish, .lushua. 
 MuNish, Spicer. 
 McNish, Henry. 
 McCarter, James. 
 McCaiter, Allen. 
 McVey, James. 
 Mires, John, Jr. 
 Monnel, Joseph. 
 Moore, Ijuderwick. 
 Mifler, John 0. 
 McVey, Joiin. 
 BlcVey, .\rden. 
 McCurter, William. 
 Miller, George. 
 Nicnlls, Allen. 
 Ogden, Gilbert. 
 I'leseott, Mei^heu. 
 Pun, Adam. 
 Tuft, .lames. 
 Kubbins, John. 
 Uubbins, Peter. 
 Itay, James. 
 Uodgei-s, John. 
 Selieck, Isaac. 
 Slausun, Alva. 
 Sayei-, William. 
 Sands, Samuel. 
 Stiingham, Jacob. 
 Smith, Isaiah W. 
 Screder, Elijah. 
 Smith, Giant. 
 Smith, Silas W. 
 Smith, Bezaleel. 
 Thompson, Junathan. 
 Treadwell, Charles. 
 Taylor, Morrison. 
 XJptegrove, Ricliard. 
 Van Benschoten, John. 
 Warren, David. 
 Warren, Solomon. 
 Warren, Eliplialet. 
 White, Jonathan. 
 Waison, James. 
 M'ilkin, William. 
 Wood, John. 
 Youngs, Virgil W. 
 
 the " Java." Augustus C. Ludlow was on the " Presi- 
 dent," the "Constitution," the "Hornet," and the 
 "Chesapeake," of which latter he was lieutenant 
 under Capt. Lawrence, in the action with the English 
 ship "Shannon" (July, 1813). His heroic conduct 
 in that action, and his almost tragic death, made for 
 him a name which will be an example while American 
 history shall be cherished. Sailors in merchantmen 
 were captured by English cruisers and confined in 
 Dartmoor prison, and among their number were those 
 whose birthplaces and homes were in the county of 
 Orange. 
 
 Immediately following the capture of Washington 
 in 1814, the people of the county were brought to- 
 gether in determination to resist to the utmost the 
 apparent purpose of England to destroy the independ- 
 ence of the nation. Party spirit was hushed in the 
 presence of the im])eiiding danger, and, if at no other 
 time, it could then be written, " patriotism reigns pre- 
 dominant." At Goshen, on the 30th of August, a 
 "patriotic meeting" was held, for the purpose of 
 "taking into consideration the propriety of erecting 
 new or repairing the old fortifications at AVest Point 
 and in the vicinity thereof, and of devising some plan 
 for effecting that object, and for other purposes of 
 public defense under the present circumstances of the 
 country."! This meeting, of which Gen. James W. 
 Wilkin .was chairman, and Dr. David R. Arnell, 
 secretary, "Resolved^ That John Duer, Jonathan 
 Fisk, William Ross, James W. Wilkin, George D. 
 Wickham, James Finch, Jr., and Xathan H. White 
 be a committee to devise some plan for accomplishing 
 the above object," and to enable them to report, the 
 meeting adjourned until the afternoon of the 31st. 
 At the adjourned meeting, the committee reported as 
 follows : 
 
 " The situation of our country calls upon the peojde to feel and act 
 like freemen at war with a powerful enemy. An invading foe desolating 
 our towns must be met and I'epulsed. A sense of danger, the dictates of 
 duty, and the spirit of patriotism summon us to offer our united and 
 zealous exertions for the defense, the f^alety, and the protection of our 
 country. If we cannot go forth to meet the enemy, ve can prepare to 
 receive him on his approach to us. Tlie forts and works of defense at 
 West Toint and its vicinity we can repair, strengthen, and defend. Tliot 
 this object may be accomplished 
 
 " lies'dved. That a Omimittee of Defense for the county of Orange, to 
 consist of twenty-two members, he appointed. 
 
 " Jfesolved, Tiiat it be recommended to the people in the several towns 
 of the county to meet without delay, and take measures to co-operate 
 with the Committee of Defense. 
 
 "Resolved, Tliat the Comniittee of Defense invite our fellow-citizens of 
 the counties of Duchess and Putnam, Ulster, Greene, and Columbia, to 
 unite and co-operate with the citizens of Orange County in adopting 
 measures of defense. 
 
 " llesolced, Tliat the Committee of Defense meet at the house of Col, 
 Tuthill, in Goshen, on the 2d day of September next at 3 o'clock p.m., 
 and afterwards on their own adjournments. 
 
 *' The following gentlemen were then appointed a Committee of De- 
 fense: From the town of SliniriiuU, John Btadner and Nathan Arnct; 
 Deerpark, James Finch, Jr., and Joseph Baird ; Wallkill, Henry B. Wis- 
 
 t TIte people of Philadelphia and New York took the lead in organizing 
 committees of this character. Under the committee of New York three 
 thousand persons gave vuluntary labor on the 13th of August, and the 
 work was continued by volunteers until completed, August 31st. 
 
SECOND WAll WITH ENGLAND. 
 
 77 
 
 nerand Beiij;uniii Woodward; Goslien, John Dnerand Freepift Tutliill ; 
 Warwick, Dr. Samuel S. Seuard and Jtffrey Wisuer; Monroe, Jiiines D. 
 Secor and Beiijjiuiin Cnnniiigliani-, Cornwall, William A. Chirk and 
 Joseph Chandk-i-, Jr.; Blonming-Grove, Col. Sclah Strong and Jeremiah 
 Hortoii ; J^Iontgiinii-ry, John Blalie, Jr., aud Juharirifs Miller; Ncw- 
 burgli, Juhn D- Lawsou and Jacob Powell ; New Windsor, Joseph Mor- 
 roU aud David Dill." 
 
 At the meeting of the Committee oi' Defense, ac- 
 cording^ to appointment, September 2d, all the mem- 
 bers named were present except Jolin D. Lawson and 
 Joseph Morrell. Selah Strong was appointed chair- 
 man, and John Duer, secretary. It was 
 
 " Hesolved, T\mt a committee of five ho appointed to comninnicate with 
 the general and State governments, to tender the eervit.cs of the citizens 
 of this county in repairing the fortifications in and ahont West Point, to 
 ascertain the precise state of the works and the extent of the rcjiairsthat 
 may he necei^sary, and that the comniitteo consist of the following per- 
 sons; The chairnnin and secretary, William A, Chirk. Josepli Moi'rell, 
 and Johannes Miller, and tliat they report to tlie connnitteo at their 
 next meeting. 
 
 "/^cao/ret/, Tliat this committee recommend to their fellow-citizens nf 
 this county thiit town-meetings Ije hell! at the v\^\u\\ pluceof holding the 
 same in the different towns, on Satui'ilay the tenth day of .Seplemher, for 
 the purpose of apjiuinting committees to cu-uperate with the general 
 committee in such measures of defense as the eitnation of the county 
 may require. 
 
 ^^ liesolved, Tliat our fe]lo^\■-citizens (exenipt Ity law from tlie perform- 
 ance of military dntyj be requested without delay to form themselves 
 into military associations for the defense of their country. 
 
 " Ifi'solved, That the chairman of tiiis committee be authorized to call 
 meetings of the general committee from time to time, as lie may think 
 necessary, and that seven members i?onstitute a quorum." 
 
 At an adjourned meeting of the committee, Sep- 
 tember 17th, it was 
 
 " liesolved. That the town committee lie instructed to proceed without 
 delay in c(dlecting subscriptions of money and labor, from their respec- 
 tive towns, for the repairing and erecting fortifications at and about West 
 Point, and (hat it be recommended to them to request subscriptions 
 agreeably to the rate of the last assessment of town and county taxes, 
 and that they report to the general committee the amount of their sev- 
 eral snliscriptiniis. 
 
 " liex'lnul. That the town committees be fnrtlier instructed to inquire 
 into (he state of the arms and ammunition in their lespective towns, and 
 to report to the general committee the quantity of arms and ammunition 
 which their respective towns may wish to i)rocure. 
 
 '^ Ilt^goh-ed, That the town committees be further instructed to take the 
 necessary measures for organizing the exempts and the volunteers of the 
 Middle Distiict (Senatorial*, and that they report the number organized 
 to the general committee." 
 
 On the 25th of October it was reported that a letter 
 had been received from the Secretary of War inform- 
 ing the committee that he would " order a skillful en- 
 gineer to repair to West Point to superintend the 
 works and point outthe sites most eligible for defense." 
 At another meeting it was reported that the people 
 of Montgomery had subscribed three hundred and 
 thirty-two daj^s* work and four hundred and eleven 
 dollars. Here the newspaper record ends. It does not 
 appear that the repair of the forts was commenced ;* 
 but in several of the towns military companies, com- 
 posed of exempts, were organized. Of the latter a 
 single record has found its way to preservation, as 
 follows : 
 
 * Muj. Boynton, in his " History of West Point," states that Fort Put- 
 nam was i)artial!y repaired about 1794, from appropriations made by 
 Congress. It is not believed that any repairs were made in 1814 through 
 the efforts of Uie Committee of Defense. 
 
 "Notice. — In the present alarming crisis of our nfTnirs, when our 
 country is invaded, our seaports destroyed, our rights infiinged, and our 
 liberty and independence thrcateneil, it becomes the imperious duly of 
 every person capable of hearing arms to step forward in defense of his 
 bleeding country. 
 
 "We therefore, the subsciibei-s, iidialiitants of the Town of Warwick, 
 in the County of Orange (being exempt by law from militaty duty), do 
 hereby agree to enroll oni selves for the purpose of forming an indcqiend- 
 ent company to be called the Warwick Volunteers,— and as soon as 
 theie shall be the number of forty able-bodied men thus enrolled, we 
 agree that on notice being pievionsly given at a day and place certain, 
 we will meet aud by a pluiality of vote- present choose officers to com- 
 mand said company; immediately after which we will tender our ser- 
 vices to the Governor and Council of this State in defense of the middle 
 district of this State, and pray them to grant commissions to said officers 
 agreeable to law. 
 
 " Warwick, Sept. IG, 1S14." 
 
 "Warwick Volunteers. 
 
 "Company Roll: James Bint, captain ; Sanniel S. Seward, first lieu- 
 tenant; Benjamin Barry, ensign ; Thonnis Svvezy, Wm. W. Brooks, 
 Abraham Peck, John Palnu'r, Beldeu Burt, Samuel Drew, Cornelius 
 Forshee, John Magee, Siunnel Benjamin, John Wood, Jeremiah More- 
 house, Wm. Holland, Amos Hyatt, Isaac Babcock, S:unnel J. Vance, Jcel 
 Wheeler, Anthony Bishop, Wm. Jolinson, Abraham Gregory, Silvanus 
 Fancher, Shadrack Seliek, Enos McDaniel, Josiali Everett. Nathaniel 
 Ketcham, John A. Grossman, Wm. Minturn, Ichabod Barker, Joseph 
 Lloyd, John BI. Fought, Joseph Downes, Samuel G. Hopkins, Wijuuis 
 Harris, Jesse M. Fostir, Wm. Jackson, Wm. Carr, Jr., Henry Randall, 
 Daniel Carpenter, Zeiioiihan Mead, Isaac Dusenberry, Jesse Wood, John 
 Mc.\mbly, Joseph Wilcox, Benjamin Davis, Andrew Layton, Zebnlon 
 Wheeler, Nathaniel Wheeler, John Miller, John Carr, Christopher Aspell, 
 Sen." 
 
 The return of peace was celebrated in every town 
 in the county. Speeches, toast-tables, cannon, and 
 illuminations proclaimed the general joy, while the 
 churches emulated each other in public offerings of 
 thanksgiving and praise. As indicative of the gen- 
 eral spirit, the action of the people of Hopewell is in 
 point, viz. : 
 
 "On Thursday the 24th nit. (April 24lh), soon after information of the 
 treaty of peace was received in Hopewell, a number of the inhidiitants 
 of the place a-ssembled at the puhlic-liouse of Isaac Schnltz, in order to 
 adopt such measures as miglit be deemed most expressive of the feelings 
 of joy on the occasion. Mr. E. Gilhnan being called to the chair, and 
 Mr. Isaac Schnltz chosen clerk, it was 
 
 "' Kfftfili'ed, to assemble in the church, on the Tuesday evening follow- 
 ing, and there solemnly to offer np thanksgiving and Piaiseto Almi.nhty 
 God for granting Peace to our country. It was likewise resolved that 
 the Rev. Mr. Van Doreu, pastor of the congregation, be requested to lead 
 in the clevotion of the evening, and to deliver an address.' 
 
 "Agreeably to the foregoimr resolution, on Tuesday evening a large 
 concourse of people assembled in the church, which was elegantly illu- 
 minated with about seven hundred candles; when, after appropriate 
 sacred music and solemn prayer ami praise, the following adilress was 
 delivered. The most becoming behavior was observed througliout the 
 whole assembly, and juy and gratitude appeared to irradiate every coun- 
 tenance. 
 
 " ADDttESS. 
 
 " AsseiiibleJ, as WO are, on this joyful occasion, to celebrate, in the 
 house ..I God, the return of j)eacc to our bleeding counliy, it becomes 
 us, in I'.ie first place, to celebrate His praise who nniketh war to cease 
 unto the ends of the earth ; who breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear 
 in sunder; who bnrneth the chariot in the fire. Since not to acknowl- 
 edge His hand in our deliverance would be both ungrateful and impious, 
 let us tlien, as a Christian people, indulge the warm att'ections of grati- 
 tude and joy, joy for the blessing of peace, which the Governor of the 
 Universe has bestowed upon us, and gratitude, ;l8 an exjiression of our 
 obligation to Him for the favor. Such ail'ections are pleasing in His 
 Bight, who looketh on the heart. Wliile then our hearts are glowing 
 with gratitude and leaping with joy under a sense of the recent display 
 of divine goodness to us, let ns for a moment call to mind the many dis- 
 tinguished with which the God of Heaven has been pleased to signalize 
 our infant country. 
 
78 
 
 HISTOllV OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 " Collectod on the Bticnes of the American wilderness, as its first set- 
 tlers were, from ahnostewry nation and clime, fugitives from oppression, 
 fiom persecution, and from want, the God nf theii' fatliers has prospered 
 and blessed them. He cast out the heathen irmu before them, and planted 
 tliem in a goodly soil. He crowned the hilmr of their handd with plenty, 
 and i)roBpered their institutions, botli tivil and religious. Thus pardoned 
 with the smiles uf Heaven, they increased in numbers, in arts, in wealth, 
 and re8pe(rtal)ility. Colleges were formed, temples for the worship of the 
 living (jod were raised, the sound of the hntumer w;is hnard in every 
 quarter, and comnieice began to unfurl her thousand ssiils. 
 
 '* Nor was our prosperity unobserved by the nittiuns of tlie earth. They 
 saw, they wondered, and they admired. Our prosperity e.tcited the cu. 
 pidily, especially of that nation which claimed us as her colonies. But 
 before the yoke which slie had prepared fi>r us Wiw riveted to our necks, 
 we cast it to the ground and dashed it in pieces. It would be ungrateful 
 here not to acknowledge the hand of God in enabling; us to assert our 
 rights and to obtain our independence, by which we took a place among 
 the nations of the earth. Although the conflict was long and bloody, the 
 Lord of Hosts crowned our arms witli success, anil said to our country, 
 Ouyii art free ! and thereby taught nuuikind that the race is not always 
 to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, but that salvation is of the Lord. 
 Nor can we doubt that G»d taught our seuatoi-s wisdom, since they were 
 enabled to devise and prepare a constitution for the States by which the 
 wisdom and wealth and power of each were concentrated and made to 
 flow in the same chaujiel for the common benefit of all ; a constitution 
 whicli, wliile it secures life, liberty, and property to each individual, yet 
 sufficiently nerves tliearm of government to guide and protect the wlude. 
 ".\nd what has been our situation since that time? While the plains 
 of Europe have for years smoked with the blood of the slain, wliile 
 mighty convulsions have overturned her mighty thrones and shaken 
 whole kingdoms to their centre, we for thirty yeais enjoyed the suushine 
 of peace and of equal laws. The thunder of Europe's canunii was beard, 
 but at so great a distance that its sound came only murmuring on our 
 ears. And so fitmili;ir did we become with her oft-repeated tale of woe, 
 that the fate of her miglity armies, which marched into the field but 
 never returned, excited in us feelings of commiseration but for a day. 
 While thus in a great mea'sure insensible to the distress of others, their 
 broils enriched our coffers. 
 
 " But, alas! with our growing wealth we became more proud, more uu- 
 grateful, more wicked, and therefore more ripe for the judgment of 
 Heaven. Nor have they been delayed. Tlie swmd ha.s been unsheathed 
 on our borders, and made drunk with the blood of our fellow-citizens. 
 Many have been made to feel sorely the rod of God's displeasure. Yet 
 as a nation we have suffered but lightly conipai'ed with what the nations 
 of Europe have lately experienced from the awful ravages of war. And 
 is it, Lord, because our crimes have been less? Or is it not rather tliat 
 Thy compassioD and grace to us have more abounded? Although a 
 righteous God has visited our favored land with the fire and with the 
 sword, and with pestilence. He basin His abundant mercy preserveil us 
 from the horrors of famine, a still sorer judgment, for the earth has 
 yielded the fruits of her increase in abundance, and we have eaten to the 
 full. 
 
 " War on our coasts and throughout our land has ceased. God hath 
 said to the destroying angel, It is enough. The sword has been returned 
 to the scabbard, and we are now permitted each one to sit under his own 
 vine and fig-tree, there being none to alarm us or make us afraid. And 
 Bhall we not he glad on that account, and joy in the God of our salva- 
 tion? Surely he that does not and will not rejoice must be destitute of 
 the feelings of humanity, as he is insensible to the dying groans ()f the 
 soldier, aiui i-egardless of tlie bitter cries and despairing agonies of the 
 aged parent, the affectionate wife, and liidpless youth, from whose ten- 
 der embrace war tears a son, a husband, or a father, and writes in char- 
 acters of blood the name of the fii-st, chihUess ; of the next, a icidotv ; of 
 the last, an orphan. And wlio can tell how many such have been called 
 during the last war to mourn in secret, and liave pined away in anguish 
 a life that was bound up in the life of their departed friend ? None can 
 tell but He whose eye is over all His works, and who deigns to notice 
 the sighs and tears of the widow and fatherless. Oh ! their departed 
 friends shall never return ; their blood bus flowed at their country's call 
 and their eyes are sealed in death. 
 
 "Sad and gloomy as these reflections are and must be to a virtuous 
 mind, yet we, as a congregation, have abundant ground for rejoicing, 
 since not one from amomj us lias been called info the field of buttle^ and al- 
 though a number of you have, for a short time, exchanged your ordinary 
 pursuits for the life of a camp, yet, through the goodness of God, you 
 have returned in safety to your friends, one only ezrepted, and are per- 
 mitted to join with us in offering thanksgiving to the God of all our ar- 
 
 mies. And what, 0! what, shall we render unto the Lord for all His 
 benefits towanls us? Oh that men woidd praise the Lord for His good- 
 ni-«s and for' His wonderful works among the children of men ! 
 
 " Whatever may be our feelings on this occasion, yet as im hostile foot 
 has vi>itBd our dooi-s, as no alarms for personal safety have disturbed our 
 sl'imbers, as none of us have been called to mourn the loss of friends 
 whos*' blood baa flowed in the service of our country, we cannot so fully 
 appieciate the blcKsings of returning peace as many tlironghout our land. 
 Would you, at h-ast in some nieasuip. lijrhtly c-timate the blessings Of 
 peace, imagine for a moment the situation of those iiduii'itmts living on 
 our seaboard on the east, or on our frontiers on the north and west, who 
 were either driven froiu tln-ir homes or were daily exposed to an invading 
 fleet, or more-to-be-dreaded scalping-knife of the Indian. Imagine for a 
 moment the situation of those inha' itants whose homes were laid in 
 ashes, and themselves obligeil to watuler as fugitives and strangei'S on 
 tiieii" native soil. Imagine for a moment the feelings of those remnants 
 of families from which one or more "f their number ha.s been ravaged 
 by the war. .\s little as \\f are willing or abb' to lealize these scenes of 
 distress and nuseiy. they are not fictitious, hut have actually and fre- 
 quently taken place during the past war, and in a greater or less degree 
 do take place in all wars. 
 
 "But blessed be His name who niaketh the ware to cease. The toma- 
 hawk is tiow buried, and the late hostile fleets now visit our shores in 
 peace. And O! may the confused noise of the warrior and garments 
 rolled in blood no more be lieanl or seen in our land in our day, nor in 
 the day of our children, nor children's children. 
 
 "And since the judge of all the earth has deigned to bestow upon us 
 the blessings of peace, may we not hope that with it He will also grant 
 us other tokens of his favor? May we not hope soon to see new fields of 
 industry and wealth opened to the farmer, a new spring given to the 
 mechanic arts, and our dying commerce ai:ain revive? Yes; may we not 
 hope soon to see commerce, the parent of industry and source of wealth, 
 unfurl her canvas to every wind, visit every clime, and isle, and contiuent, 
 return with their riches anil pour their wealth upon our favored shores? 
 May we not hope that, being restored to peace with our enemy, we will 
 lay aside all enmity against them, and view them as brethren descended 
 from tlie same common parent, sharers in the same benign religion of 
 Jesus, and warmed with the same hopes of immortality with ourselves? 
 May we not hope that, with returning peace abroad, the bitterness of 
 party sjurit among ourselves, which has disgraced all ages, and ranks, 
 and sexes, may be eradicated from our bosoms, and exchanged for an am- 
 bition who shall become the best member of society by fulfilling all the 
 duties of their severwl stations? Vm in the final issue of things it will 
 then be made to appear that the bi?.st Christian is the best patriot. 
 
 " Would we then truly enjoy the blessings of peace, let us imbibe and 
 cultivate tht- spirit of the Gosjiel and fearlessly discharge all the duties 
 it enjoins, both i)ublic and private. Let us eidist under the banners of 
 the Prince of Peace, who is the Prince of the kings of the earth, that 
 we may enjoy His smiles and gracious protection. And let us ardently 
 desire an<l pray for the coming of that day when the kingdoms of this 
 world shall become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ: that 
 He may have dondnion from sea to sea, and from tlie river unto the ends 
 of the earth, for in His days shall the righteous Ilonrish, and abundance 
 of peace so long as the moon endureth." 
 
 WAR WITH MEXICO. 
 The war with Mexico drew a number of volunteers 
 in New York City regiments, but so far as we can 
 learn there were no companies organized in the 
 county, except Company K, of the Tenth Regiment 
 United States Infantry, Capt. Alexander Wilkin, 
 which was recruited at Goshen. A history of this 
 company will be found in connection with the town 
 of Goshen. 
 
 CHAPTER VI 11. 
 
 ORANGE COUNTY IN THE REBELLION. 
 
 In the civil war of 1861-65, the people of this 
 county proved themselves worthy representatives of 
 a heroic ancestry. In all the larger towns meetings 
 
ORANGE COUNTY IN THE REBELLION. 
 
 79 
 
 were held immediately upon the fall of Fort Sumter. 
 Men and money were freely tendered for the defense 
 of the Union. Enlistments commenced forthwith, 
 and the action of the citizens was everywhere prompt 
 and enthusiastic. Wlien it became necessary at a later 
 period to raise large sums to till the several quotas, 
 these were voted without hesitation. 
 
 Briefly recapitulated, the following regiments and 
 companies were recruited and organized iu the county, 
 viz. : 
 
 3d Kegiment, Co. B, infantry, 1861. 
 18lh Regiment, Co. D, infantry, ISGl. 
 18tli Regiment, Co. I, infantry, IhGl, — in part. 
 36tli Kegiment, Co. B, infantry, ISGl. 
 56th Regiment, Co. A, infantry, ISGl. 
 56th Kegiment, Co. B, infantry, 18C1. 
 66lh Regiment, Co. D, infantry, 18r,l. 
 56tli Regiment, Co. E, infantry, 1S61. 
 G3d Regiment, infantry, 1SG4. 
 70th Regiment, Co. F, infantry, 1861. 
 8Vth Regiment, Co. C, infantry, 181U. 
 98th Regiment, Co. C, infantry, 1864. 
 98th Kegiment, Co. I, infantry, 1864,— in part. 
 124th Regiment, infantry, 1862,— 1047 men. 
 124th Regiment, infantry, 1864, — one company. 
 168th Regiment, infantry, 1862, — 335 men. 
 176th Regiment, infantry, 1862,-272 men. 
 1st Regiment, Co. C, Mounteil Rifles, 1801. 
 2d Regiment, Co. B, cavalry, 1861. 
 l.ith Kei-'iment, Co. I, cavalry, 18G4, — 140 men. 
 15th Regiment, Co. M, artillery, 1864, — 82 men. 
 7th Kegiment, artillery, 1864,-70 men. 
 7th Independent Battery, 1861. 
 lUth and 71st Militia, 1861-62,-517 men. 
 
 There were, in addition, many enlistments in 
 other regiments and also in the navy. The following 
 aggregate of men furnished may be accepted as very 
 nearly accurate : 
 
 April, 1861, to 
 ! July, 1862. 
 
 Total Credits under 
 SiibBeqiieut Calls. 
 
 Towns. 
 
 S 
 o 
 c 
 
 > 
 
 S7 
 
 
 1 
 
 37 
 
 33 
 
 36 
 
 16 
 
 104 
 
 30 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 
 9.5 
 
 1 
 
 S. 
 o 
 
 73 
 
 65 
 
 123 
 
 3 
 
 186 
 
 113 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 "il 
 
 123 
 124 
 
 40 
 601 
 
 85 
 
 "2l'3 
 
 158 
 
 53 
 
 1 
 
 -5 
 1 
 
 49 
 
 65 
 81 
 35 
 149 
 104 
 23 
 30 
 
 "■36 
 91 
 142 
 35 
 
 
 3. _: 
 
 "3 
 
 c 
 ci 
 
 
 
 
 58 
 24 
 69 
 41 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 52 
 9!^ 
 
 ?''1 
 
 Chester 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 31 2 
 
 36 
 
 11 5 
 
 104; 
 
 sol 
 
 3' 
 
 "2 
 
 1 ...... 
 
 17 
 
 25 
 
 192 
 361 
 1.55 
 
 
 1621 91 692 
 
 Goshen 
 
 Greenville 
 
 Hamptonburgh 
 
 Highlands 
 
 Minisink 
 
 51 5 303 
 30 10 nil 
 33 14 119 
 
 23| 25 
 
 29 11 128 
 36 1 14 298 
 
 
 100 79 188 
 9 9 
 
 493 429 922 
 26 2 28 
 12 12 
 
 447 1 447 
 
 100 100 
 
 12 12 
 
 63! 3 520 
 
 
 47 6 137 
 
 
 607 
 
 249 Tit 2:101 
 
 
 97 -24 3 237 
 
 
 iv7 
 
 
 Wallkill 
 
 1371 74 lOi'8 
 
 Warwick 
 
 135 
 46 
 
 130 
 39 
 
 60 583 
 13 163 
 
 
 1776 1293 
 
 
 
 1606 517 2022 
 
 ?'I11 
 
 531 7624 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 While a detailed history of the services of the com- 
 panies and regiments enumerated is not within the 
 province of this work, more than a mere reference is 
 due to some of them. 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT— CO. B. 
 Company B, Third Eegiment Infantry, claims to 
 have been the first company recruited and ready for 
 muster in the State, although not the first mustered. 
 Recruiting for it was commenced in Newburgh imme- 
 diately on the jsassage, by the Legislature, of the 
 act of April 16, 1861, entitled "An act to authorize 
 the equipment of a volunteer militia and to provide 
 for the public safety." Although the movement for 
 the recruiting of the company was inaugurated by 
 Stephen W. Fullerton, Esq., at that time a member 
 of Assembly, and subsequently captain of the company, 
 James A. Raney was in charge. The company was 
 mustered, in May 14, 1861, — seventy-seven men, — for 
 two years. At the expiration of its term its remain- 
 ing members were mustered out. The company was 
 reorganized, however, and continued in the field until 
 finally mustered out, Aug. 28, 186.5. Big Bethel, Fort 
 Wagner, Bermuda Hundred, Petersburg, Fort Gil- 
 mer, Chapin's Farm, Fort Fisher, and Wilmington, 
 N. C, were its more important fields of service. Its 
 officers were: 
 
 Stephen W. Fnllerton. captain, April 20, 1861 ; died of disease at New- 
 burgh Sept. 11, ISGl. 
 
 Ervine A. Jones, firet lieutenant, April 20, 1861 ; promoted captain Sept. 
 25, 18G1 ; dismissed Aug. 16, 1862. 
 
 Alexander Mann, second lieutenant, April 20, 1861 : promoted tirst lien- 
 tenant Sept. 30, ISGl ; captain, June 10,1862; discharged Aug. 31, 
 1SG4. 
 
 Jeremiah D. Mabie, first sergeant. May 14, 1861; second lieutenant, 
 Sept. 14, 1861 ; first lieutenant, April 24, 1862 ; captain. Co. F, June 
 15, 1863; discharged Sept. 18, 1864. 
 
 James H. Reeve, fourth sergeant. May 14, 1861; fii-st sergeant ; second 
 lieutenant, April 21, 18G2; captain, Co. 1, Oct. 3, 1864; lost leg at 
 Fort Fisher; discharged June 26, 1865. 
 
 The personal record of its non-commissioned officers 
 and privates will be found in the Newburgh list of 
 volunteers. 
 
 EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 This regiment is described in the official reports as 
 having been organized at Albany to serve two years. 
 The companies of which it was composed were raised 
 in the counties of Albany, Schenectady, St. Lawrence, 
 Ontario, and Orange. It was mustered into the ser- 
 vice of the United States May 17, 1861, and mustered 
 out May 28, 1863, by reason of the expiration of its 
 term of service. The portion of this regiment enlisted 
 in Orange County consisted of Company D, — John C. 
 McGinnis captain, George Barry first lieutenant, and 
 Roswell M. Sayre second lieutenant. It was formed 
 at Middletown immediately upon the call of the 
 President for seventy-five thousand volunteers. One 
 of the commissions bears date April 22d, and the rank 
 of quite a number of the commi.ssioned officers dates 
 back from that time. 
 
 There were so many enlistments in the company 
 that on reaching Albany, besides organizing Company 
 D, about thirty of the men were taken to assist in or- 
 ganizing Company H. The company which went from 
 Orange County was mostly compo.scd of railroad men. 
 
80 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 The Eighteenth, after its organization, left Albany 
 for Wasliiiijrton. They encamped for about two weeks 
 on Capitol Hill. They were at tlie battle of Bull Eun 
 and supported a battery, but did not share to any ex- 
 tent in the actual fighting. They remained at Ccntre- 
 ville the next night, and then marched back to Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 The regiment remained in that vicinity and in 
 winter-quarters near Alexandria until the spring of 
 1862. At the opening of that year's campaign they 
 were sent out to Bristow's Station, were snowed in, 
 and soon after returned to Alexandria. They then 
 went on board transports, and went to the Peninsula. 
 They shared in the JlcClellan campaign again.st 
 Richmond, through the final Seven Days' fight, and 
 encamped at Harrison's Landing with the army. 
 After that they were detailed as a guard- at various 
 points. Their winter-quarters 1862-63 were at White 
 Oak Church. Early the following spring they were 
 transported to Albany and discharged according to 
 terms of their enlistment. The date of the mustering 
 out was May 28, 1863. 
 
 Many of the members of the Eighteenth re-en- 
 listed and did good service during the remainder of 
 the war. 
 
 Promotions among the men who went from Orange 
 County in the Eighteenth : 
 
 Thomas S. Lane, commissioned as second lieu- 
 tenant Dec. 2, 1861, and his rank dating from Nov. 
 6th,' was promoted to first lieutenant Nov. 10, 1862. 
 He was mustered out with the regiment May 28, 1863. 
 
 Wm. E. Carmichael, commissioned as second lieu- 
 tenant July 4, 1861, and his rank dating from May 
 7th ; was promoted to first lieutenant Dec. 2, 1861. He 
 resigned July 16, 1862. 
 
 Robert A. Malone, commissioned as second lieu- 
 tenant Dec. 2, 1861, and his rank dating from Nov. 
 11, 1861 ; was promoted to captain Nov. 10, 1862, and 
 mustered out with the regiment May 28, 1863. His 
 rank as captain dated from Sept. 8, 1862. 
 
 Roswell M. Sayre, commissioned as second lieu- 
 tenant July 4, 1861, and his rank dating from April 
 30, 1861 ; was promoted to first lieutenant Dec. 21, 
 1861, and to captain Nov. 10, 1862, his rank in the 
 latter position dating from June 26, 1862. He was 
 mustered out with the regiment May 28, 1863. 
 
 John S. King was commissioned as first lieutenant 
 Nov. 10, 1862, his rank dating from June 26, 1862, 
 and was mustered out with the regiment May 28, 
 1863. 
 
 George Barry, commissioned as first lieutenant July 
 4, 1861, and his rank dating from April 30, 1861 ; was 
 promoted captain Dec. 2, 1861, and was killed in 
 battle at Gaines' Mills, Va., June 27, 1862. 
 
 John C. McGinnis, commissioned as captain July 4, 
 1861, and his rank dating from Ajjril 30th ; was pro- 
 moted to major Dec. 2, 1861, and to lieutenant-col- 
 onel Oct. 14, 1862. He was mustered out with the 
 regiment May 28, 1863. 
 
 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT— CO. B. 
 
 Immediately after the close of his connection with 
 the recruitment of Co. B, Third Regiment, James A. 
 Raney, of Newburgh, at that time captain of Co. F, 
 19th Militia, obtained authority to recruit a company 
 for the Thirty-sixth Regiment of volunteers, then 
 being organized in the city of New York. Sergt. 
 Timothy Donoghue, also of Co. F, united in the en- 
 terprise and rendered very material assistance. Re- 
 cruiting was commenced on the 13th of May, 1861, 
 and the company was mustered into the service of the 
 United States on the 17th of June following, with 
 seventy-seven members. The regiment left Riker's 
 Island July 12th, and arrived in Washington on the 
 14th ; remained in camp until the 24th of March, 
 1862, when it was brigaded under Brig.-Gen. Couch 
 in the division commanded by Gen. D. C. Buell, and 
 subsequently by Gen. Keyes. From that time the 
 history of the regiment was blended with the move- 
 ments under Gen. McClellan on the Peninsula. Capt. 
 Donoghue and sixteen of his company were the first 
 of the army to cross the Chickahominy at Bottom's 
 Bridge, May 22, 1862. At the battle of Fair Oaks, 
 on the 31st of the same month ; at Seven Pines, June 
 25th; at Gaines' Mill, June 27th; and at Malvern 
 Hill, .Tuly 1st, the regiment made a brilliant record. 
 At Malvern Hill Co. B was particularly distinguished, 
 and won the approbation of the general commanding. 
 
 Returning to Yorktown Aug. 29th, the regiment 
 embarked for Alexandria, where it arrived on the 
 30th, and was pushed forward to Chantilly, where it 
 was again under fire (Sept. 1st). Crossed into Mary- 
 land and (Nov. 3d) into Virginia, and advanced to 
 Fredericksburg, where it was in Gen. Devens' brigade, 
 which was the first of the left grand division to cross 
 the Rappahannock, Dec. 11th, and covered the retreat 
 of the army on the 15th, Co. B being detailed to col- 
 lect stragglers, and finally crossing under a shower of 
 balls from the enemy. On the 3d of May following 
 the regiment led the centre column of attack on 
 Marye's Heights, where Co. B captured a battery from 
 a Mississippi brigade, and was the firet to plant its 
 colors on the heights. lu the afternoon of the same 
 day the regiment was detailed, as a part of Sedgwick's 
 corps, in the assault on Salem Heights, and performed 
 most excellent service. The records>of the regiment 
 were destroyed June 30, 1863, at Westminster, Md., 
 to prevent falling into the hands of the enemy, but 
 Capt. Donoghue determinedly preserved his descrip- 
 tive book, from which records of his men will be 
 found in the list of Newburgh volunteers. The last 
 service of the regiment was in Hooker's campaign. 
 At the commencement of the " mysterious move- 
 ments of Gen. Lee" which culminated at Gettysburg, 
 the regiment was again sent over the Rappahannock, 
 where three divisions of the enemy were found, but 
 no action ensued. Falling back towards Centreville, 
 the regiment crossed the Potomac at Edwards' Ferry, 
 and its term of service being more than filled, it was 
 
ORANGE COUNTY IN THE REBELLION. 
 
 81 
 
 ordered home. No braver, better, or more jrallant 
 men served in the vokinteer force than Co. B. Its 
 officers were : 
 
 James A. Itiiiioy, captain, .Iiiue If), ISGl ; promoted ninjor T)pc. '^I, ISGI ; 
 ii'sigiic.: Oft. 15, ISOi. 
 
 Tiniotliy l)oii<igltin', fii>.t lii-utenaiit. JiiiK- 1.3, l>'fil ; proimitcd ciiptaiii 
 Nov. 12, 18U1 ; mustored out with regiment .Iiil.v l-"», ISli:!. 
 
 Joliii BI. Lewis, second lieiitenniit, .June 1.5, ISGI ; promoted first lieu- 
 tenant Dec. 2, 1.SG1 ; milsteied out with regiment .luli' 1,'j, lS(i:J. 
 
 Charles E. Lewi.s, first sergeant, Oct. 1,18G1 ; second lieutenant, Nov. 12, 
 li^fM ; filHt lieutenant, Aug. 2(i, 18G2 ; mustered out with regiment 
 July 15, 18G3. 
 
 FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 
 
 This organization was popularly known as the Tenth 
 Legion. It was organized at Newburgh, mostly in the 
 month of August, though the rank of some of the 
 officers dates from July. 
 
 The Fifty-si.xth was composed of companies raised 
 in Ul.ster, Orange, Sullivan, and Delaware, and it was 
 mustered into the service of the United States be- 
 tween July 31st and Dec. 10th. As elsewhere stated, 
 the companies recruited in Orange were A, B, D, and 
 E, with scattering men in other commands. The 
 Seventh Battery and Co. C, First Mounted Rifles, were 
 also recruited for it but subsequently detached. It 
 left for the seat of war Nov. 7, 1861, eleven hundred 
 and forty-three strong. It was formed as a three' 
 years' regiment, but by re-enlistments the organiza- 
 tion was continued, and was not mustered out until 
 Oct. 17, 186.5, making a period of four years' service. 
 
 By tjic adjutant-general's report of 1868 this regi- 
 ment was entitled to inscribe upon its banners the 
 following battles : 
 
 Lee's Mills, Va. ; Williamsburg, Va. ; Honey Hill, 
 
 S. C. ; Devaux Neck, S. C. ; John's Island, S. C. ; 
 
 White Oak Swamp, Va. ; Fair Oaks, Va. ; Yorktown, 
 
 Va. (siege) ; Chickahominy, Va. ; Coosawhatchie, 
 
 iS. C. ; M':ilvern Hill, Va. ; Carter's Hill, Va. ; Bot- 
 
 Uom's Bridge, Va. ; Dingle's Mills, S. C. 
 
 The following is the official record of the rank and 
 
 promotion of the commissioned officers ; the date of 
 
 commission being first given, followed by the date of 
 
 rank : 
 
 Colonels. 
 
 Charles II. Van W.vck (livt. hrig.-geu. U.S.V.), Nov. W, ISGJ; Sept. 4, 
 
 18G1 ; nuistered out with the regiment Oct. 17, ISG."). 
 Rockwell Tyler, Sept. 20, 1805; Sept. 27, 1803 ; not niusli'ied as colonel. 
 
 Lieutettant'Colotteh. 
 
 Janies Jordan, Dec. 20, ISGl ; Dec. 10, ISGl; discharged Aug. .'), 1SG2. 
 
 Frederick Docker, Nov, 17, 1802; Aug. 5, 18G2 ; not mustered as lieuteu- 
 ant'Cohuiel. 
 
 J(din J. Wheeler, Dec. 15, 18G2 ; Nov. -.3, 1802 ; resigned Feb. 11, 1804. 
 
 Kockwell Tyler (brevet col. N'.Y.V,), Keb. 27, 1804 ; Feb. l:i, 1804 ; mus- 
 tered out with the regiment Oct. 17, 1805. 
 
 Fliphas Smith, Sept. 20,1805; .Sept. 27, 1S05; not mustered as lieuten- 
 ant-ctplonel. 
 
 Majors. 
 
 Jacol. Sluirpe, Juno 28, 1.802 ; Sept. 1, 1801 ; discharged Aug. .">, 1802. 
 
 John J. Wheeler, Nov. 17, 1802; Aug. 2, 1802; promoted to lieutenant- 
 colonel Dec. l.i, 1802. 
 
 Rockwell Tyler, Dec. 15, 1802; Nov. 23, 1802 ; promoted to lieutenant- 
 colonel Feb. 27, 1804. 
 
 Elipbas SmiUi (Irvt. lieut.-col. N.Y.V.), Feb. 27, 1804; Feb. 18, 1804; 
 nnist. out with the regiment Oct. 17, 1805. 
 
 James Dubois, Sept. 20, 1805 ; Sept. 27,1805; not mustered as major. 
 
 Adjvttnits. 
 Eli H. Evans, Aug. 7, 18C2; Sept. 1, 18'J1 ; dismissed Oct. 25, 1803. 
 Henry B. Lomas (bvt. capt. N.Y.V.), Nov. 30, 1803; Oct. 1,1803; mus- 
 tered out witli the regiment Oct. 17, 1805. 
 
 Quartennaeterf. 
 John C. Gerard, Aug. 7, IS02 ; July 31, ISOI ; discharged Nov. 3, 1803. 
 Jesse V. Shafei', Nov. 17, 1802 ; Si'pt. 5, 1802 ; resigned Oct. 15, 1804. 
 Addison J.Clements (livt. capt. N.Y.V.t, Nov. 30, 1804; Oct. 15, 1804; 
 mustered out willi the regiment Oct. 17, 1805. 
 
 Stirtjeotts. 
 Solomon Van Etten (bvt. lieut.-col. N.Y.V.), Aug. 7, 1802; Sept. 23, 
 1801 ; mustered out on expiration of term of service Sept. 28, 1804. 
 George 11. Fossard, Oct. 7, 1804; Oct. 7, 1S04; resigned July .5, 1805. 
 Ii'a S. Braduer, Sept. 19, 1805; Sept. 10, 1805; not mustered as surgeon. 
 
 AssUtinil Surijcons. 
 
 G. A. Carrol, Aug. 7, 1802; Sept. 23, 1801; promoted to surgeon 143d 
 N.Y.V. May 13,1803. 
 
 Ira S. Biailner, May 2,1863; April 25,1603; must, out with the regi- 
 ment Oct. 17, 1805. 
 
 Albert S. Turne ', Aug. 29, 1802; Aug. 10, 1802; promoted to surgeon of 
 103d N.Y.V. Nov. IS, 1803. 
 
 Daniel S. Hardenburgh, Nov. 12, 1803; Nov. II, 1803; resigned April 1, 
 1805. 
 
 Choploitis. 
 
 Charles Shelling, Aug. 7, 1802; Sept. 10,1801 ; discharged Dec. 23, 1862. 
 
 Geol'ge P. Van Wyck, Dec. 3(1, 1802 ; Dec. 20, 1802 ; mustered out with 
 the regiment Oct. 17, 1805. 
 
 CopUtinn. 
 
 Thomas S. Marvell, Jr., Dec. 18, 1801 ; July 31,1801; resigned Aug. 5, 
 180J. 
 
 James II. F. Milton, Nov. 17, 1802; Aug. 5, 1802; mustered out on the 
 exiiiration of term of sei'vice Maicli 31, 1805. 
 
 Jolin Mctcall', Way 1, 1805; May 1, 1805; mustered out with the regi- 
 ment Oct. 17, 1805. 
 
 Charles F. Thayer, Dec. Iff, USOI ; Aug. 10, 1801; resigned April 9, 1802. 
 
 Alfred W. Louuvs, Dec. .'J, 1802 ; April 10, 1802 ; resigned Aug. 11, 1863. 
 
 James H. Smilb, Nov. 3U, 1803 ; Aug. II, 1803 ; resigned July 25, 1804. 
 
 Melville Seais, Aug. 12, 1^04; ATig.12,1804; niusleied out on the expi- 
 lation of service July 31, 1805. 
 
 Nornuiu Perkins, Sept. 19, 1805 ; Sept. 1,1805; not mustered as captain. 
 
 Fi ederick Decker, Dec. 18, 1801 ; Aug. 10, 1801 ; discharged Nov. 23, 1803. 
 
 Wm. T. Calkins, Nov. 17, 1802 ; Aug. 5, 1802 ; mustered out on expira- 
 tion of term of service Feb. 22, 1805. 
 
 James Cowdey, May 1, 1805; May 1, 1805; resigned June 28, 1805. 
 
 Reuben R. Gillett, Sejit. 10, 1805 ; June 28, 1805 ; not mustered as captain. 
 
 John J. Wlieeler, Dec. 18, 1801 ; promoted to major Nov. 17,1862. 
 
 Edward Wheelei-, Dec. 30, 1802 ; Aug. 5, 1802; jesigned March 16, 1804. 
 
 John Connell, 31 ay 25, 1804 ; March 15, 1804; mustered out with the 
 regiment Oct. 17, 1805. 
 
 William J. Williams, Dec. 18, 1801 ; Sept. 20, ISO! : killed at Fair Oaks, 
 Va., May 31. 1802. 
 
 Daniel D. Eltiug, July IS, 1802; May 31, 1802; resigned March 9, 1804. 
 
 Joseph S. Holmes, May 2."j, 1804 ; May 8, 1864 ; mustered out with tho 
 reginieiitUct. 17. 1805. 
 
 Melvin S. Wells, Dec. IS, ISOl ; Aug. 29, 1801 ; discliarged Nov. 23, 1862. 
 
 James Dubois (bvt. maj. N.Y.V.), Nov. 24, 1802; Nov. 14, 1862; mus- 
 tered out with the regiment Oct. 17, 1805. 
 
 Ileni-y A. liawkes, Sept. 20, 1805; Sept. 27, 1S05 ; not nuistered as cap- 
 tain. 
 
 William D. Fuller, Dec. 18, 1801 ; Oct. 1, 1801 ; resigned March 10, 1803. 
 
 Fjancis nines, Jan. lU, ISO ; ; March 14,1803; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 17, 1803. 
 
 William K. .loslyn, Dec. 18, 1861 ; Oct. 3, 1801 ; resigned June 8, 1S03. 
 
 Alon/.o 11. Chittenden, Nov. 311. 1803; June 5, 1803 f mustered out with 
 the regiment Oct. 17, 1805. 
 
 John Ernhuut, Deo. 18, 1801 ; Oct. 3, 1801 ; discharged Oct- 3, 1862. 
 
 James J. Cox, Dec. 30, 1862; Oct. 3. 1802 ; mustered out with tlie regi- 
 ment Oct. 17, 1805. 
 
 Asa Ilod.se, Dec. 18, 1801 ; Oct. 10, 1801 ; discliarged Fob. 26, 1802. 
 
 Elijiljas Smith, June 10, 1862; Feb. 20, 1802; promoted to major Feb. 27, 
 1804. ' 
 
 Norris Crossman, April 29, 1804; April 20, 1804 ; mustered out with the 
 regiment Oct. 17, 1805. 
 
82 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Rockwell Tylor, Not. 20, 1862; Oct. 5, 1862; promoted to mHJor Dec. 15, ' Solomon D. Wheat, April 29, 1864 : .<pril 20, 1864; mustered out on the 
 
 18(12. exjiiiation of term of pcrvire SInrch 'M, ISOn. 
 
 Henry P. Kellam, Dec. 30, 1802 ; Nov.23,1862; resigned Nov. 26, 1kC4. Dwiglit W. Aiiclimoud.v, May :il, 1»G5: May 1, 1865; not mustered as 
 
 Marshall L. Battsfonl, Nov. 30, 1864 ; Oct. 27, 18C4; mustcreil out with Hist lieutenant. 
 
 the resiment Oct. 17, 1803. Isaac JelliB, Dec. IS. ISOl ; Oct. 10, 1801 ; resigned Feb. 21, 1802. 
 
 Vi'm. H. linrnett,* missing since April 30, 1802. i James IJnliois, .Mine lu, 1802 ; Feb. 26, 1862; pronioteil to captain Nov. 
 
 24. 1802. 
 Cliarlca B. YouiiK, Dec. 30, 1802; Sov. 14, 1862; muslered out with the 
 
 Thomas B. Pope, Dec. 18, 1S61 ; Sept. 17, 1861 ; dismissed Sept. 4, 1862. regiment Oct. 17, lS6.'i. 
 
 Thomas At wood. Nov. 17, 1862; Sept. 4, 1862 ; resigned April 24,1803. Enoch H.irton, Nov. 3(1, 1802; Oct. .\ 1802; resigned Fel). 14, 1862. 
 
 John Metcalf, Nov. 30, 1863 ; April 24, 1803 ; promoted to captain May Henry P. Kellam, Nov. 24, 1862 ; Feb. 14, 18t>2 ; pronioteil to captain Dec. 
 
 1>186">. 311,1862. 
 
 Eobert C. Kopcr, May 1, 1865 ; May 1, 1865 ; mustered out with regiment Alonwi H. Chitteiideu, Dec. 30, 1802 ; Nov. 25, 1802 ; promoted to captain 
 
 Oct. 17, 1805. ! Kov, ijii, isa:i. 
 
 Effingham Vaiiderlmrgh, Dec. 18, 1861 ; Aug. 10, 1801 ; resigned Feb. 1, Morris Downey, Nov. 30, 1863; June S, 18G3; mustered out on the ex- 
 
 First I.ieHtenanU. 
 
 1862. 
 Alfred \V. Lonnis, Feb. 19, 1862 ; Feb. 6, 1862 ; promoted to captain Dec. 
 6, 1802. 
 
 ])lration of term of service April 1, 1865. 
 Oscar E. Periine, May 31, 1865; May 1, 1865 ; not mustered as first lieu- 
 tenant. 
 James J. Cox, Dec. 5, 1862; April 10, 1802; promoted to captain Dec. 10, ' Francis Might, May 31,1805; May 1, 1865; mustered out with the regi- 
 
 1862. nient Oct. 17, 1865. 
 
 Alphonse Bichter, Dec. 30, 1862 ; Oct. 3, l«i;2 ; discharged May 29, 1804. Edward H. Lonios, Aug. 12, 1S64 ; Aug. 12, 1864 ; dismissed Jan. 9, 1865. 
 Alexander 1>. Ketchuni, June 30, 1804 ; June 3IJ, 1804 ; promoted to cap- j Jeremiah Strickland, March 14, 1805 ; Jan. 18, 1805 ; mustered out with 
 
 tain in 128tht U. S. C. T. May 10, 1805. | the regiment Oct. 17, 186.5. 
 
 Henry A. Still, Dec. 18, 1S6I ; Sept. 17, 1861 : discharged Aug. 26, 1862. ' Wni. Peake, Sept. 2'J, 1865; Se|it. 27, 1864; not mustered as first lieu- 
 Bdgar E. Moree, Nov, 17, 1862; Aug. 26, 1802 ; dismissed Feb. 9, 1863. I tenant. 
 
 Joseph S. Holmes, Nov. 30, 1863; Feb. 9, 1863; promoted to captain May James MclJuire, Sept. 19,1865; Sept. 19, 1865; not mustered as Bret 
 
 25, 1864. lientenaiit. 
 
 John S. Tompkins, May 2o, 1804; March 8, 1804; mustered out with the Daniel K. Fninkliii,'^ resigned Sept. 17, ISCl. 
 
 regiment Oct. 17, 1865. Si|„B A. Ilsley,* discharged .Mine 22, 1802. 
 
 Edward Wheeler, Dec. 18, 1861; Aug. 10, 1861 ; promoted to captain Dec. 
 
 30, 1862. Second Lkulenants. 
 
 Isaac Beckett, Dec. 30, 1862; Aug. 5, 1862; mustered out on the cxpira- p^,^,. jj jjjj.^.,^._ ^^^ jg^ igg, . g^p, !,_ ig^j . „sij,„ed Jan, 14, 1863, 
 
 tion of term of service Jan. 27, 1865. Wilbur K, Still, Nov. 17, 1862 ; Sept, 4, 1802 ; resigned Aug. 21, 1861. 
 
 William J. Sayre, March 14, 1805; Jan. 20, 1865; mustered out with the I u^^.^,.; f; ,{„p^.,._ Nov. 30, 1804; Nov. 30, 186!; pionmte.l to flret lieu- 
 regiment Oct. 17, 1805. ■ tenant Mav 1, 1865. 
 Kichard M. Hiiies, Dec. 18, 1861 ; Sept. 20, 1801 ; resigned Feb. 0, 1862. ■ f,^^.^^ jj m^^,,._ j],,j. ,_ ,^«(.,-, . jj„,. ,_ ,sg5 ; mustered out with the regi- 
 Henry M. Connelly, June 10, 1802; Feb. 6, 1802; discharged Oct. 3, 1802. I ment Oct 17 1865. 
 Isaac Eosa, Dec. 5, 1862; Oct. 3, 1802; died Jan, 20, 1863, at Newborn, | a|,.,.^j ^ Nomas', Dec, 18, 1801 ; Aug. 16, ISOl ; promoted to first lieu- 
 
 ''■•^- tenant Feb. 19, 1862. 
 
 James H. Smith, March 17, 1863 ; Jan. 19, 1863; promoted to captain ] james I. Cox, Fob. 19, l,S02: Feb. 0,1802; promoted to first lieutenant 
 
 Nov. 30, 1803. 
 
 Dec. 5, 1802. 
 
 Melville Sears, Nov. 30, 1803; Aug. 11, 1863; promoted to captain Aug. : j^^^^^ jj^„^^^ p^^ 5_ jgg.,. j^p,,;, j^^ igj^. promote.l to fliiit lieutenant 
 
 !'-• I*'"'*- 1 Dec. 5, 1862. 
 
 James H. F. Milton, Dec. IS, 1861 ; Aug. 29, 1861; promoted to captain Alphonse Richter, Dec. 6, 1862; Oct.3,1862; promoted to first lieutenant 
 
 Nov. 17, 1862. 
 
 Francis Hines, Dec. 30, 1862; Aug. 5, 1862; promoted to captain June ID, 
 1863. 
 
 Reuben II. Gillet, Nov. 30, 18C3; March 6, 1863 ; muslered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 17, 1865. 
 
 AlKlrew P. Couklin, Sept. 19, 1865; June 28, 1865 ; not mustered as fii-st 
 lieutenant. 
 
 Daniel D. Elting, Dec. 18, 1801; Oct. 1, 1861 ; promoted to captain July 
 IS, 1862. 
 
 Meeker G. Bell, Nov. 17, 1862; Aug. 5, 1802; not mustered as first lieu- 
 tenant. 
 
 Dec. 3(1, 1862. 
 
 Algernon S. Ross, Dec. 30, 1862; Oct, 3, 1862; mustered out ou expira- 
 tion of term of service March 27. 1805, 
 
 Henry M, Connelly, Dec. 18, 1861 ; Aug, 10, 1801 ; piunioted to first lieu- 
 tenant June 10, 1862. 
 
 James Jl, Smith, June 10, 1862, Feb. 6, 1862; promoted to first lieuten- 
 ant March 17, 1863. 
 
 MelvilleSeais, March 17, 1S03; .Jan. 19. 1S03; promoted to first lieuten- 
 ant Nov. 30, 1863. 
 
 Edward 11. Lonias, Nov, 30, l.'SeS; Aug, 11,1863; promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant Ang. 12, 1864. 
 
 Demmon S. Decker, Dec. 30, 1802 ; Oct. 3, 1862 ; dismissed April 11, 1804. j^^ Beckett, Dec. 18, 1801 ; Aug. 10, 1801 ; promoted to first lieutenant 
 Norman Perkins, May 25, 1804; March 28, 1804; mustered out with tlie p .^^^ .^j., 
 
 regiment Oct. 17, 1 86.5. 
 
 Benjamin Terwilliger, Sept. 19, 1805; Sept, 1, 1865 ; not mustered as firet 
 lieutenant, 
 
 Wm, T. Calkins, Dec, 18,1861; Oct. 3, 1861; promoted to captain Nov. 
 17, 1862. 
 
 Wm. B. Baird, Nov. 17,1862; Ang. 5, 1S62 ; not mustered as first lieu- 
 tenant. 
 
 Francis L. Van Dugan, Aug. 29, 1864; April 20, 1864; declined. 
 
 Benjamin F. Clark, Dec. 30, 1802; Aug. 5, 1802 ; resigueil Feb. 7, 1864. 
 
 John Connell, April 19, 1804 ; April 20, 1864; promoted to captain Jlay 
 25, l.^Oi. 
 
 William J. Sayre, Slay 25, 1864; March 1.5, 1804; i>ionioted to first lieu- 
 tenant March 14, 1865. 
 
 Robert E. Halstead, .March 14, 1865 ; Jan, 20, 1865; mustered out with 
 regiment Oct. 17, 1865, 
 
 M, G. Bell. March 25, 1802; Sept, 20, 1S6I ; discharged Oct. 3, 1862. 
 
 Marshall L. Baltsford, July 20, 1864: June 28, 1804; promote.l to captain I p_,^^^.^ „j„,,^^ ^.^^. ,,_ ,g,.^. ^„g ,^ ^^^,. p,.,„„„,^j ,,, ^..^j lieutenant 
 
 Nov, 30, 1804, 
 Henry A. Hawkes, Nov, 30, 1864; Oct, 27, 1861; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct, 17, 1805, 
 Knfus Mottitt, Dec. 18, 1801 ; Oct, 3, 1801 ; resigned Feb, 6, 1862, 
 S, Augustus Gould, March 27, 1862 ; March 27, 1862; dismissed March 1, 
 1803, 
 
 Dec, 30, 1802, 
 Reuben R, Gillett, Dec. 30, 1802 ; Sept, 4, 1862; promoted to first lieuten- 
 ant Nov, 30, 1803, 
 Victory Champlain, Nov, 30, 1803; March 6, 1803; discharged March 27 
 
 1805, 
 Edward Lyons, Mav 17, 1805; May 2, 1805; not mustered, 
 Norris Crossnmu, Nov. 30, 1863 ; March 1. 1863 ; promoted to captain p^_^_.|^^ ^ Yo.ing,'Dec, 18, 1861 ; Aug, 29, 1861 ; promoted to fii-st lien- 
 April 29, 1864, (^„^„t Dec, 30, 1862. 
 
 * On records of War Department, but not commissioned, 
 t So in official report. 
 
 X On records of War riepartment, but not commissioned. 
 
ORANGE COUNTY IN THE REBELLION. 
 
 83 
 
 Hemy B. Lomas, Dec. 3ll, 1SC2 ; Nov. 14, 1862; j/ionioled to adjutant 
 Nov. 30, 180:i. 
 
 rjniicis VV. Rush, Nov, 30, 18C3 ; Oct. 1, 18G3; died Dec. '>h, 18(i3,at Beau- 
 fort, S. C, of disease. 
 
 Marshall L. Battsford, Bla.v 25, 1S04; May 8, 1S64; promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant .July 20, 1 64. 
 
 Edgar E. Morse, Dec. IS, 1861 ; Oct. 1, ISiil : |ir.>nioted to flret lieutenant 
 Nov. 17, IS62. 
 
 Stephen W. ThonipsoD, Dec. 30, 1862; Aug. 26,1862; resigned June 2. 
 1863. 
 
 John J. Bryers, Nov. 30, 1863; .Tune 2, 1863; commission canceled. 
 
 Norman Perkins, Feb. 9,18G4 ; June 2, 1863; promoted to hrst lieutenant 
 May 2.1, 18(14. 
 
 Francis Might, May 25, 1S64; Marcli 28, 1864; promoted to lirst lieuten- 
 ant May 31, 18G5. 
 
 Wui. B. Baird, Dec. 18, 1861 ; Oct. 3, 1861 ; discharged Sept. 19, 1862. 
 
 A. II. Chittenden, Nov. 17, 1862; Aug. 5, 1862; promoted to first lieuten- 
 ant Dec. 30, 1862. 
 
 Morris Downey, Dec. 30, 1862; Nov. 23, 1862; promoted to firet lieuten- 
 ant Nov. 30,1863. 
 
 Solomon D. Wheat, Nov. 30, 1863 ; June 6, 1863; promoted to flrat lieu- 
 tenant April 29, 1864. 
 
 Jared Packard, April 20, 1864; Ajiril 20. 1864; must, out with regiment 
 Oct. 17, 1865. 
 
 John T. Kreai, Dec. 18, 1861 ; Oct. 3, 1861 ; resigned Feb. 6, 1862. 
 
 Dennnan S. Decker, Feb. 19, 1S62; Feb. 6, 1862; dismissed April 11,1864. 
 
 Norris (Grossman, Dec. 30, 1862; Oct. 3, 1862; promoted to.fli-st lieuten- 
 ant Nov. 311, 1863. 
 
 Dwight II. Auchmoody, Nov. 30, 1863; March 1, 1863; mustered out on 
 expiration of term of sen'ice June 30, 1865. 
 
 Eliplias Smith, Dec. 18, 1861 ; Oct. 10, 1861 ; promoted to captain June 
 10, 1862. 
 
 Jesse F. Sliafer, June 10, 1862; Feb. 10,1802; promoted to quartermaster 
 Nov. 17,1862. 
 
 Joseph 1. Holmes, Nov. 17, 1862; Sept. 4, 1862; promoted to tii-st lieuten- 
 ant Nov. 30, 1863. 
 
 Edwin J. Scranton, Nov. 3, 1863; Feb. 9, 1863 ; promoted to captain in 
 I28th U. S. C. T.. March 27, 1865. 
 
 Clement B. Newkirk, Miiy 1, 1865; Blay 1, 1865; mustered nut with ttie 
 regiment Oct. 17, 1865. 
 
 Heury P. Kellum, Nov. 20, 1862 ; Oct 5, 1862 ; promoted to first liewtcu- 
 ant Nov. 24, 1862. 
 
 Peter W. Loegan, Nov. 24, 1862; Feb. 14, 1862; died Aug. 19, 1862, at 
 Yorktown, of disease. 
 
 Horace W. McKoon, Nov. 24, 18G2; Aug. 18, 1862; dismissed Dec. 10, 
 1863. 
 
 Hfeury A. Hawkes, Feb. 23, 1864; Dec. 18, 1863; promoted to first lieu- 
 ^ tenant Nov. .30, 1864. 
 
 Andrew P. (^onklin, Nov. .30, 1864; Nov. 30, 1864; mustered out with 
 regiment Oct. 17, 1865. 
 
 Benjamin Terwilliger, May 1.1865; May 1, 1865; mustered out witli 
 regiment Oct. 17, 1865. 
 
 William II. D. Blake, Sept. 19, l.SO.i; Sept. 1, 1865 ; not mustereil. 
 
 Jesse L. Stivers, Aug. 22. 1864 : Aug. 12, 1864 ; resigned May 15, 1865. 
 
 Calvin Lambert, May 17, 1805; May 2,1865; mustered out wiih regi- 
 ment Oct. 17. 1865. 
 
 Addison J. Clements, July 20, 1864; June 28,1864; promoted to quarter- 
 master Nov. 30, 1864. 
 
 Denuison Fiske, Nov. 30, 1864; Nov. 30, 1804; resigned May 18, 1865. 
 
 Frank llotclikin, Sept. 19, 1865 ; June 28, 1865; not mustered. 
 
 Charles Becker, May 31, 1865; May 1, 1865; mustered out witli the 
 regiment Oct. 17, 1865. 
 
 Alonzo C. Bowers, May 31, ls(a ; May 1, 1865; mustered out with tlie 
 regiment Oct. 17, 1865. 
 
 Conrad Slaver, Sept. 19, 1865; June 28, 18&5; not mustered. 
 
 Brevet commissions were issued by the Governor 
 to the two following enlistt'd men of this regiment : 
 Hospital Steward Guy K. Sayre, — assistant surgeon. 
 Sergeant Charles Johnson, — second lieutenant. 
 
 SEVENTIETH KECIMENT. 
 The town of Deerjjark furnished nearly all the 
 members of Company F in this organization. The 
 regiment was raised and organized in New York City 
 
 to .serve three years, and was mustered into the service 
 of the United States from June 20 to June 29, 1861. 
 The original members, except those re-enlisting as 
 veterans, were mustered out of service July 1, 1864. 
 The veterans remaining were transferred to the 
 Eighty-sixth, which was the regiment so long bri- 
 gaded with the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, 
 and intimately associated with the latter in the most 
 important battles of the war. 
 
 The Seventieth Regiment was officially recognized 
 as sharing honorably in the battles of Williamsburg, 
 Fair Oaks, Charles City Cross-Roads, Malvern Hill, 
 White Oak Swamp, Bristow Station, Second Bull 
 Run. and Fredericksburg. 
 
 The regiment went out under command of Col. 
 Daniel PI Sickles. His commission :is colonel was 
 dated Jan. 16, 1862, but his rank was from the 29th of 
 June, 1861. He was promoted brigadier-general Sept. 
 3, 1861, and Lieut.-Col. William Dwight, Jr., suc- 
 ceeded to the colonelcy of the Seventieth. The latter 
 was also promoted brigadier-general Nov. 29, 1862, 
 and the command of the Seventieth devolved upon 
 Col. J. Egbert Farnum.. 
 
 Among the promotions occurring in Company F 
 from Deerpark may be mentioned that of Thomas 
 Holt. He was commissioned captain Jan. 16, 1862, 
 his rank dating from June 20, 1861. He was pro- 
 moted major Dec. 1, 1862; lieutenant-colonel Jan. 
 14, 1863 ; and mustered out with the regiment July 1, 
 1864. 
 
 Robert Ely thing (Blighton) was a second lieuten- 
 ant, his rank dating from June 20, 1861. He re- 
 .signed Nov. 28, 1861. Nine commissioned officers 
 were killed in battle. 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND TWE.NTY-FOURTII KEGLMENT. 
 
 The following account of the organization of this 
 regiment, of its participation in the various cam- 
 paigns, of its heroic sacrifices, of its tedious marches, 
 and of its brave conduct on the field of battle, is con- 
 densed from the interesting volume published in 1877 
 by Col. Charles H. Weygant, of Newburgh. As a 
 participator in nearly all of its struggles, as an eye- 
 witness of the fierce fights into which it entered, as a 
 careful student of public documents published since 
 the war, it is evident that he po.ssessed peculiar quali- 
 fications for the task, and that he executed it with a 
 just pride in the fame of this gallant regiment and with 
 a loving regard to the memory of his comrades. In 
 editing this chapter, derived from his work, most of 
 his personal allusions, his interesting anecdotes, and 
 his general descriptions have necessarily been omitted. 
 It is due to him to further saj' that not only is the 
 thread of the following account his, and the dates his, 
 but oftentimes his exact words are used without quo- 
 tation, all of which is intended to be covered in this 
 preliminary general acknowledgment. 
 
 The call of the President for three hundred thou- 
 sand three years' men was dated July 1, 1862, and on 
 
84 
 
 HISTORY OF OlvANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 the following day Governor Morgan issued his stirring 
 and patriotic appeal to " each citizen" of the Empire 
 State. The work of preparation was immediately 
 pushed with vigor by tlie State authorities, and Gov- 
 ernor Moi-gan ceased not day or niglit in his cfl'orts to 
 arouse the people. 
 
 The State was divided into military districts, in each 
 of which a place of rendezvous was designated, and a 
 committee of loyal influential citizens appointed to 
 superintend the work of enlisment, and to select and 
 recommend suitable persons to command the regi- 
 ments to be raised. Special appeals were made to 
 nearly every town and county board, and circulars of 
 instruction were sent broadcast over the State. The 
 military committee appointed by His Excellency for 
 the district comprising the counties of Orange and 
 Sullivan was composed of the following-named gen- 
 tlemen : Hon. Robert Denniston, of Blooming-Grove ; 
 Hon. Ambrose S. Murray, of Goshen ; Hugh S. Bull, 
 Esq., of Montgomery ; Alexander Moore, Esq., of 
 Washingtonville ; Alfred Post, Esq., of Newburgh ; 
 James M. Barrett, Esq., of Cornwall ; Morgan Shuit, 
 Esq., of Monroe. 
 
 On the 11th of July this committee held its first 
 regular meeting at the United States Hotel in New- 
 burgh, at which they decided to recommend Capt. A. 
 Van Home Ellis, of New Windsor, for the colonelcy 
 of a regiment it was proposed to attempt to raise in 
 the county of Orange. Capt. Ellis was then in the 
 service. His company (Co. I), composed principally 
 of men recruited in Newburgh, who had served under 
 liim in the Seventy-first New York State Militia at 
 Bull Run, had a few weeks before been called together 
 at less than twcnty-l'our hours' notice for a second 
 term of active service, and were then stationed in the 
 fortifications near Washington. 
 
 The captain w'as at this time temporarily at ho'ue, 
 and on being notified of the action of the committee, 
 prom])tly accepted the proflered position. Within an 
 hour thereafter he had telegraphed his resignation as 
 captain to the conunander of his regiment at Wash- 
 ington, and was on his way to Albany for instructions 
 and the necessary credentials. 
 
 At Albany, the traditional " red tape" of depart- 
 ments had given way before the pressure of public 
 necessity. In a short time Capt. Ellis had received 
 the requisite documents, and the same evening found 
 him back in Orange County hard at work upon his 
 patriotic mission. 
 
 The work of enlistment was slow and diflicult at 
 first. The enthusiasm of April, 1861, when the flag 
 had just fallen at Fort Sumter, was to some extent 
 gone. The fearful truth that a long and bloody war 
 was in progress, now clearly perceived, gave to every 
 movement a serious tone, far different from the feeling 
 of fifteen months before. The prospect of victory " in 
 ninety days" had long since vanished. 
 
 The Seven Days' battles, the retreat of McClellan's 
 forces, the call for two hundred thousand men, all 
 
 told of the desperate struggle which was in progress. 
 On the first day of August but eight men had been 
 enrolled, and the prospect of raising a regiment was 
 anything but encouraging. 
 
 To the general war committeee there had been 
 added E. A. Brewster, of Newburgh ; William Fuller- 
 ton, of Newburgh; C. H. Winfield, of Goshen; 
 Thomas Edsall, of Goshen ; Silas Horton, of Goshen; 
 James Cromwell, of Cornwall ; William Avery, of 
 Cornwall; Daniel Thompson, of Crawford; C. C. 
 McQuoid, of Wallkill ; Halstead Sweet, of Wallkill ; 
 John G. Wilkin, of Wallkill ; John Cummings, of 
 Wallkill; Charles St. John, of Port Jervis; John 
 Conkling, of Port Jervis ; C. M. Lawrence^ of Port 
 Jervis ; C. B. Newkirk, of Monroe ; A. S. Dodge, of 
 Mount Hope ; Dorastus Brown, of Greenville ; A. F. 
 Schofield, of Montgomery ; A. G. Owen, of Bloom- 
 ing-Grove; John Cowdrey, of Warwick; Thomas 
 Welling, of Warwick. 
 
 The doubtful, hesitating condition of affairs soon 
 gave way. before the threatened invasion of the very 
 fields of the North, and before an uprising tide ot 
 patriotism that nearly silenced for a time all opposing 
 voices. The enthusiasm of April, 1861, was again re- 
 kindled, and August, 1862, witnessed scenes of heroic 
 self-sacrifice such as the world has seldom witnessed. 
 The strong under-current of national feeling swelled 
 upward to the surface, and men rushed forward ready 
 to do, and die if need be. Public meetings were held 
 almost nightly in every hall, church, and school-house 
 in the State. Private bounties were ofl^ered, and 
 funds began to be raised for the support of the needy 
 I'amilies of those who should volunteer. The national 
 eaiiital was once more in danger. The government 
 was in earnest, the people were in earnest; the hardy 
 sons of the North sprang to arms crying, " We're 
 coming, Father Abraham, three hundred thousand 
 more." Up to the 8th of August not more than a 
 .score of volunteers had reported at Col. Ellis' head- 
 quarters in Goshen. Fifteen days later the regiment 
 was fully organized and ready for the field. Its field- 
 officers were A. Van Home Ellis, colonel ; Francis M. 
 Cummins, lieutenant-colonel ; James Cromwell, major. 
 The staff-officers were John H. Thompson, major and 
 surgeon ; T. Scott Bradner, captain and chaplain ; 
 Augustus Denniston, lieutenant and quartermaster; 
 G. De Peyster Arden, lieutenant and adjutant; Ed- 
 ward Marshall, lieutenant and assistant surgeon ; R. 
 V. K. Montfort, lieutenant and second assistant sur- 
 geon. The ten captains were Charles H. Weygant, 
 Co. A; Henry S. Murray, Co. B; Williani Silliman, 
 Co. C; James W. Benedict, Co. D; William A. Mc- 
 Birney, Co. E; Ira S. Bush, Co. F; Isaac Nicoll, 
 Co. G ; David Crist, Co. H ; Leander Clark, Co. I ; 
 William A. Jackson, Co. K. Musicians: William B. 
 Wood and Moses P. Ross, Co. A, buglers ; Mr. Hart, 
 drum-major;* John G. Buckley, Charles Whitehead, 
 
 * Hired by Col. EUis, not enlisted. 
 
ORANGE COUNTY IN THE KKBELLION. 
 
 Artlnir Haigh, Co. H, George W. Dimiiiick, Co. D, 
 Henry C. Payne, Co. B, fife ; Robert L. Davis, Co. F, 
 A. A. Millspaugh, George W. Camfield, Co. K, John 
 W. Cole, Co. I, R. L. Stephens, Co. E, Charles W. 
 Bodle, Henry M. Cannon, Co. A, William Hamilton, 
 Co. B, Henry Hoofnian, Co. C, C. H. Van Gordon, 
 Co. G, Jehiel Price, Co. F, J. M. Merritt, Co. G, W. 
 Johnston, James H. McElroy, Co. D, drum; Samuel 
 M. Wceden, Co. D, bass-drum. 
 
 The names of the rank and file of the One Hundred 
 and Twenty-fourth are given in the lists at the close 
 of the town chapters. 
 
 On the 24th of August orders were received from 
 Washington directing Col. Ellis to hold his command 
 in readiness to move on the 27th instant. 
 
 Thursday, the 2Gth, had been designated by the 
 ladies as the day on which they would present to the 
 regiment that stand of colors beneath which he whose 
 hand should receive them and so many of the brave 
 men over whose heads tliej' were that day to be un- 
 furled should sufler, bleed, and die that the Union 
 and liberty might live. 
 
 It was a clear, bright day, and with the rising of 
 the sun the friends of the "American Guard" began 
 to arrive, and for hours there poured into the village 
 of Goshen such a throng of men, women, and chil- 
 dren as had seldom before been seen in its streets. 
 At 3 P.M. the regiment was formed, and Col. Ellis 
 having placed himself at the head of his field and 
 staff in front of it, the Hon. Charles Winfield stepped 
 forward, and, at the close of a most patriotic speech 
 on behalf of the donors, handed the colors to Col. 
 Ellis, who, loosing them to the breeze, promised the 
 multitude there assembled they should never be dis- 
 graced, concluding with these words, "If you never 
 aaain see these colors, you will never again see those 
 who bear them from you." 
 
 After this Miss Charlotte E. Coulter stepped for- 
 ward, and, with a modest but grand little speech, pre- 
 sented a pair of embroidered silk guidons, a gift from 
 the fair daughters of the little town of Wawayanda. 
 
 The departure of the regiment had been expected 
 for the 27th, but delays occurred, and it was not until 
 the 5th of September that an order was received posi- 
 tively fixing the departure for the next day, the 6th. 
 
 In accordance with this order, at 1 o'clock p.m. on 
 Saturday, Sept. 6, 1862, the regiment bid adieu to its 
 first camp in Goshen, and, with banners flying and 
 drums beating, marched through thrf)ngs of weeping 
 Iriends to the depot, where the last hand-shakings 
 and final adieus were given. At 2 p.m. the heavily- 
 laden train, with wild shrieks to warn away the cling- 
 ing multitudes, moved ofl", and the American Guard, 
 as the regiment was known, was on its way to the seat 
 of war. At every depot crowds with loyal hearts 
 sent after them shouts of approbation, and ever and 
 anon, as the train shot along, there were heard from 
 sweet voices familiar notes of patriotic songs. 
 
 One impressive tableau could never be forgotten 
 
 by those who saw it. High up on a projecting rock 
 stood an old man, dressed in a military suit of Revo- 
 lutionary times, the thin locks of his long, white hair 
 floating in the breeze, leaning with one hand on his 
 staff, and with the other feebly waving the "Stars and 
 Stripes," while two little girls, dressed in the purest 
 white, knelt, one on either side of him, their little 
 arms stretched out and their eyes turned heavenward, 
 as if in earnest prayer to the God of nations for the 
 preservation and success of the defenders of the 
 Union, which their great-graudsire had fought to 
 establish. 
 
 At New York, the regiment was marched to the 
 Park Barracks, and slept that night upon the pine- 
 mattresses furnished to them. 
 
 The regiment was supplied with arms in the city, — ■ 
 heavy Austrian guns with sword-bayonets. 
 
 Sunday afternoon the regiment left for Philadelphia. 
 Arriving there late in the night, the soldiers were 
 soon found resting, with sidewalks for beds and knap- 
 sacks for pillows. But very early they were invited 
 to a sumptuous breakfast furnished by the ladies of 
 Philadelphia. At noon they were in Baltimore, and 
 in the hot march across the city a number of the men 
 fell from sun-stroke and had to be left behind. At 
 two o'clock Tuesday morning the regiment might 
 have been seen sleeping soundly on the ground and 
 on the stone blocks in front of the Capitol at Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 In the afternoon of that day they marched to Camp 
 Chase, on Arlington Heights. There they remained 
 two or three days, when their encampment was 
 changed to another point about four miles away, 
 which the soldiers christened Camp Ellis. Here the 
 regiment was attached to Pratt's brigade of Whipple's 
 Division, Heiutzleman's corps, and they remained 
 until the 2.5th in this camp, engaged in active drill, 
 learning the actual duties of a soldier's life. 
 
 At 2 p.m. Thursday, September 25th, the regiment 
 again broke camp and moved ofl' some six miles, to 
 a piece of woods on the west side of Miner's Hill, 
 where they built huge log-fires and bivouacked around 
 them for the night. The next morning about a hun- 
 dred of the men were ordered to report for picket 
 duty. 
 
 During the afternoon of the 26th the regiment 
 moved to the opposite or eastern slope of Miner's 
 Hill, where they named their new grounds Camp Crom- 
 well. In these moves sixteen four-mule teams were 
 employed to transfer tents, traps, and the baggage of 
 the officers. This was in strong contrast with the 
 simple work of a few months later, when officers of 
 the line were only allowed transjiortation for a small 
 valise each, while the field and start' were obliged to 
 crowd their baggage, tents and all, into a single 
 wagon. 
 
 The regiment remained at Miner's Hill for several 
 weeks engaged continually in the various drills re- 
 quired for army movements. 
 
86 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 On the 16th of. October orders were received to • 
 break camp. This was immediately done ; but the 
 regiment passed a long and uncomfortable night, a 
 part of the time in the rain, the order to march being 
 delayed until morning. At six o'clock the orders to 
 march came, and the regiment moved off at a rapid 
 gait towards Washington. It was a wet morning, and 
 with wet Idankets from the storm of the night before, J 
 the marching was difttcult, and a number of men gave 
 out and were picked up by the ambulances following. 
 The regiment halted at the entrance to the Aqueduct 
 bridge, Georgetown. The sun came out ; blankets 
 were dried on the fences and the grass-plats. About 
 four iu the afternoon they marched into Washington 
 and halted in front of the Capitol. About midnight 
 they took the cars, and at the end of a tedious ride of 
 eleven hours found themselves at Knoxville, Md. 
 
 The regiment was now transferred from " the Army 
 of Defense" around Washington to the " Army of the 
 Potomac." 
 
 The regiment first halted for a while ou a hill- 
 side, where it was so steep that anything convenient 
 was thrust into the ground to keep it from sliding 
 down-hill. There was a lovely view, but there was 
 little chance to admire the beauties of uature or of 
 cultivated fields. The soldiers were sore and tired 
 after their wet march and their sleepless ride in the 
 cars. Wrapped in their blankets they lay down to 
 rest early, and slept soundly. 
 
 Sunday afternoon, October 19th, they moved about 
 three miles, and encamped in a large field on the 
 farm of a crusty old " secesh," who, not satisfied with 
 having guards placed over all his movable property, 
 objected even to drawing the cool water from his 
 well. 
 
 Monday afternoon, the 20th, they marched to a 
 more congenial spot near Burkettsville, where they re- 
 mained several days. Here they had an opportunity 
 to visit South Mountain, where the great struggle of 
 Antietam had occurred only a few weeks before. It 
 was full of sad suggestions as to the fierceness of the 
 battles in which the ( )ne Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 was not many months later to engage. 
 
 On the evening of October 24th, at half-past nine 
 o'clock, the regiment left camp, and at midnight 
 bivouacked near Berlin, on the banks of the Potomac, 
 across which a pontoon-bridge was being laid. This 
 bridge cousisted of si.xty-two scow-built boats, an- 
 chored some twenty feet apart, and connected by 
 large beams, across which were laid strong planks. 
 Pleasonton's cavalry dashed across this, followed by 
 the Army of the Potomac, one hundred thousand 
 strong. 
 
 Towards night, Sunday, October 26th, the One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-fourth crossed, and a inarch of three 
 miles brought them to Lovettsville, where they halted 
 for the night in a cornfield. The wind blew, the 
 rain fell ; there were no fires. It was a night of severe 
 suffering, disabling thirty or more. 
 
 Thursday, October 30th, they marched away to- 
 wards Winchester, and bivouacked near Hillsborough. 
 Sunday afternoon, November 2d, the regiment ad- 
 vanced twelve miles to near Snicker's Gap. On the 
 3d they again moved three miles to Bloomfield, and 
 on the 4th to Upperville, where the camp-fires of the 
 enemy were still smouldering. On the oth to near 
 Piedmont, where they halted thirty minutes, and 
 then moved on for Manassas Gap. That night, in 
 near proximity to the enemy, they passed without 
 fires and with no rations. Resuming march the next 
 morning, they shared in the crossing of the mountains 
 for the purpose of cutting off the retreat of a portion 
 of the rebel infantry, but the latter had escaped. 
 Soon after the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was 
 ordered back to Piedmont. On the 8th they marched 
 to Orleans, where they stayed three days. On the 
 10th, Lieut.-Col. Cummings went out on a foraging 
 expedition, and secured fresh meat for the regiment. 
 On the 11th the regiment moved about six miles to 
 near Waterloo. 
 
 On the evening of the loth a squad of the enemy 
 ran into the picket line. Lieut. Weygant and his 
 men captured two of the enemy, which seems to have 
 been the first actual contact with the rebel forces by 
 the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth. 
 
 On the morning of the 16th the regiment moved 
 again, not towards the front, but to the left, and after 
 a four hours' march they encamped at Warrenton, 
 and became a part of Hooker's grand division. 
 
 On the 17th they resumed their march and halted at 
 Libertyville; on the 18th to Hartwood Church; from 
 the 19th to the 23d to near Falmouth, within four 
 miles of Fredericksburg. On the morning of the 
 24th they were able once more to arrange a regular 
 encampment. The recent march had been a fearful 
 one in rain and mud, exposure costing many precious 
 lives. The regiment remained nearly two weeks at or 
 near this spot. This was the delay in the movement 
 of Gen. Burnside against Richmond vin Fredericks- 
 burg which doubtless prevented the success of the 
 enteri)rise. The delay, Mr. Weygant states, was due 
 to the non-arrival of the pontoon-train, which only 
 reached the required point December 10th. This de- 
 lay gave Gen. Lee time to fortify in the rear of Fred- 
 ericksburg. 
 
 The story of the battle that followed cannot here 
 be given in detail. After the bombardment of the 
 place, under cover of which the pontoon-bridges were 
 finally laid, and the routing of the rebels from the 
 ruins of the town, a night intervened before the cross- 
 ing of the main body of the army. 
 
 In the general movement on Friday, the One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-fourth attempted to cross about ten 
 o'clock, but the bridge became blocked, farther pro- 
 gress for the time was impossible. While standing 
 there the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was for 
 the first time under fire, the fog and smoke, lifting a 
 little, had disclosed the bridge with its massed forces 
 
ORANGE COUNTY IN THE EERKLLION. 
 
 87 
 
 and the rebel battery on an adjacent height. There 
 were none injured, liowever, in the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourtli, and soon after the regiment was or- 
 dered back. At six o'clock Saturday morning the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth crossed, and with 
 the rest of the brigade halted on a level strip of 
 ground a few rods up from the southern shore under 
 cover of a steep bank. 
 
 Once during the fearful battle of that day the bri- 
 gade was ordered to storm a battery, and moved to 
 the point designated for forming the line. The order 
 to charge did not come, and they remained virtually 
 spectators of the battle of Fredericksburg. The One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth passed the night on 
 the field. Sunday afternoon the}' returned to the 
 river-bank, and in the retreat of the following night 
 the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was among the 
 last regiments to recross the river, — a retreat so suc- 
 cessfully conducted that the rebels evidently did not 
 suspect it until the Union army was nearly back to 
 its old camping-ground at Falmouth. 
 
 During the movements of Saturday, Companies E 
 and F of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, under 
 command of Capt. McBirney, were sent to the Ken- 
 mere House, in the southern part of the city, to sup- 
 port a battery, and were for a time under fire, but 
 none of the regiment were injured. 
 
 The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth now lay with 
 the Army of the Potomac nearly four months at Fal- 
 mouth. During this time, however, there are various 
 items to be mentioned in the history of the regiment. 
 In January new rifles were received — the Enfield — in 
 place of the old Belgians. 
 
 January 20th an order to again advance against 
 the. enemy, and the Oue Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 shared in the cold, wet wintry march of the next three 
 days, in the rain and in the mud, only to return, the 
 weather, the roads, everything conspiring to render 
 the advance impossible. Jan. 20, 1863, the Army of 
 the Potomac had a new commander. Gen. Joseph 
 Hooker. The winter-quarters were now made toler- 
 ably comfortable. The 6th of April a grand review 
 took place, and also on the 7th. In the order of 
 Brig.-Gen. Whipple of the 9th, the One Hundred' and 
 Twenty-fourth New York, Twelfth New Ham])shire, 
 and the United States Sharpshooters are mentioned as 
 having been deemed worthy of especial praise by the 
 President and the commander-in-chief of the Army 
 of the Potomac. 
 
 April 27, 1868, the Third Corps, of which the One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth was a part, was re- 
 viewed, and on the 28th marching orders reached this 
 regiment. Each man carried eighty pounds of am- 
 munition. Leaving camp about 4 p.m., they found 
 that the whole Army of the Potomac was in motion. 
 About midnight they bivouacked near the Rappahan- 
 nock not far from Belle Plains. These were a part of 
 the movements preliminary to the battle of Cliancel- 
 lorsville. May 1st the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 
 fourth cro.ssed the Rappahannock at the United States 
 Ford, and moved off in a northerly direction about 
 three miles and halted in an oak wood. They had 
 laid in the woods but a short time when skirmishing 
 was heard, and then heavy infantry firing from the 
 direction of Fredericksburg. The Union army had 
 gained an important ridge which Gen. Lee had very 
 much desired to hold, but for some inexplicable reason 
 Gen. Hooker then ordered a retreat. The details of the 
 battle, which has received the name of Chancellors- 
 ville, can only be dwelt upon here as they affect the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth. Gen. Lee engaged 
 the attention of Gen. Hooker in an attack of consid- 
 erable vigor in front, while Gen. " Stonewall" Jackson 
 executed one of the boldest and most successful fiank 
 movements of the war. 
 
 During the progress of this movement the One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-fourth was detached and ordered to 
 hasten to a thickly-wooded hill and support some 
 troops posted there. They soon reached the hill, but 
 did not find the troops they were to support. They 
 were, however, hailed by an aide from Gen. Sickles 
 with orders to remain where they were and await the 
 conduct of another aide who should arrive. The next 
 moment the sound of musketry-firing attracted the 
 attention, and a portion of the division was discovered 
 actively engaged with the enemy. Without waiting 
 for orders. Col. Ellis hurriedly formed the One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-fourth into line of battle and or- 
 dered a charge. As the regiment rushed down the 
 slope and reached the level ground, Gen. Whipple, 
 in person, ordered a halt, informed Col. Ellis that 
 their division was falling back, and ordered them to 
 retire with it. They had not fallen back more than 
 a mile when news of a terrible disaster came pouring 
 in upon them by fugitives, who reported that the 
 enemy had turned the LTnion right, routed the Elev- 
 enth Corps, and was even then between the One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-fourth and headquarters. 
 
 The offensive movement had changed to one of de- 
 fense, and twenty-five thousand Union troops met the 
 attack of full fifty thousand Confederates. Forty-five 
 thousand Union troops stood idly looking on simply 
 because they were not ordered forward. 
 
 In the darkness of the night the battle raged 
 fiercely. " Stonewall" Jackson of the rebel forces re- 
 ceived his death-wound, probably from the One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-fourth. 
 
 At one time two companies of the One Hundred 
 and Twenty-fourth — F and A — formed a skirmish 
 line close upon the enemy's front, and barely escaped 
 capture or death by a sudden flight to a ravine. 
 
 The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was really 
 caught between the lines, and the terrible Sunday 
 morning battle of Chancellorsville followed. 
 
 Says Weygant's History, — 
 
 " Turn right or left grim deatii stared at ua. Tlie lieavens aliove seemed 
 filied with hut-breatiied slirieliing demons. Beliind us was an advanciug 
 slieet of Hume, and the liills in front opposed an angry !ine of fire and 
 
88 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 smoke. . . . Tlie battle wns now atitsbei^lit.nnil Die One Hinulred niid 
 Twentj-.fonrth Wiis in tiie tlijckcst of the fray; lint not a son of Oranjre 
 County was si-en to show the while feather, not a man fjiiled, ilelil>e(!itely 
 tliey aiini-d anil I'apidly tireil.*' 
 
 "Backwaiil — foi w'aril, iluwn, down our lirBve men fell: tliiniier and 
 yet thiiiiuir grew the ranks, lint not a foot of gninnd wa:i yielded." 
 
 " Alitait twenty feet heliind the colors stood Col. Ellis with folded arms 
 and cap fmnt tnrned np." 
 
 "Not a Union soldier was to be seen on our right, the long line on our 
 left had fallen back." 
 
 Reluctantly came the order for the One Hundred 
 and Tweuty-fourtli to fall back. Still more severe 
 fighting i'oliowed, and while thousands of fresli troops 
 lay in the woods not far away the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth with its wasted ranks was ordered to 
 picket duty during the night. Monday morning they 
 were relieved, but only to be put to work in the rifle- 
 pits, where death still hunted them down in the shape 
 of stray shots from distant rebel sharpshooters. Mon- 
 day night tho.se who remained in line were allowed 
 to sleep. Tiie battle of Chancellorsville was over, 
 Hooker's magnilicent army was in full retreat, and by 
 the alternoon of Tuesday were back to their old camp 
 at Falmouth. 
 
 June 6th the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth left 
 its encampment at Falmouth, and after various expe- 
 riences on the march reached the vicinity of Beverly 
 Ford on the evening of the 8th. The next morning 
 they crossed the river, wading it though it was breast- 
 deep, and found themselves in the rear of contending 
 battle-lines. Up to that time only cavalry had been 
 engaged, and the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 was the first infantry in the field. In this battle it 
 had a sharp fight, — an almost hand-to-hand contest in 
 Indian style, each man beliind a tree, — and lost two 
 killed and filteen wounded. 
 
 The capture of correspondence at Beverly Ford had 
 revealed Lee's plan of invading the North. Sunday 
 afternoon, June 14th, there commenced a series of 
 marches which finally led the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth, with the rest of the Army of the Po- 
 tomac, to the battle-field of Gettysburg. At 11 p.m. 
 they had made twelve miles and encamped at Cat- 
 lett's Station. At six o'clock in the morning of the 
 15th they were ott' again, and marched sixteen miles 
 to Manassas Plains. On the 16th they moved a few 
 miles, and halted on the battle-ground of the first Bull 
 Run fight. Here they had the opportunity of bathing 
 in that historic stream, washing up and resting until 
 the next morning. The 17th they reached C'entre- 
 ville, and bivouacked at that point for two days. On 
 the afternoon of the 19th they were off again. The 
 Potomac was crossed at Edwards' Ferry on pontoons, 
 and the regiment bivouacked the night of June 2.5th 
 in the woods near Poolesville. 
 
 On the 27th they halted near Middletown, and on 
 the 28th passed through Frederick. On the 30th they 
 readied Emmettsburg. They were now Hearing the 
 fatal and yet decisive days of Gettysburg. 
 
 The first day of July sharp bugle-blasts from every 
 direction called the men into line. The first day's 
 
 fight at Gettysburg had begun, and two-thirds of the 
 Army of the Potomac were not yet on the field. From 
 Emmetsburg began the forced march. Men fell faint- 
 ing and sunstruck along the route, but ever and anon 
 amid the clouds of dust came the officers' shout, " For- 
 ward ! Forward !" 
 
 Reaching the heights of Gettysburg, the men slept 
 that night with their loaded weapons at their side. 
 Most of the men who had fallen out on the march 
 came in, and at eight o'clock on the morning of the 
 2d of July the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth num- 
 bered about two hundred and forty. 
 
 Weygant's History states the position as follows: 
 
 " Sickles' corps did not nunitier that morning more than nine tliou- 
 saml men pi-esent for duty. It was composed of two divisions, of three 
 briga.les each. Birney's division formed the extreme left of the main 
 line, w hicli was drawn up, nearly in tlie form of a horse's shoe or capital 
 U, on a ridge ubont three miles in extent. Ward's In igadc was on Iho 
 left of the division, and occupied the southern slope of a rocky eminence 
 jn>t beyond a small stream called Plum Eun, and about onc.eighth of a 
 mile northwest of Ri.nnd Top. The One Hundred and Twenty-f.inrtli 
 held position in the light centre of tlie biigade. There were, when 
 the battle began, no troops to the left of our regitnent e.\cept tlio 
 Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania. A few minutes after the battle opened the 
 Foiiielli New York moved up and took position on the left of tho 
 Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania. The Kighty-sixtli New York was posted in 
 a Jiiece of woods to the right of the One Hundred and Tweuty-fuurtli, 
 but between them was a space of about a hnndred yards. Smith's bat- 
 tei'y was posted beliind Ward's biigade; its right section stood on liigh 
 ground several yards in roar of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth." 
 
 Of the actual fighting by the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth we quote at length : 
 
 "When the enemy's advance line drew near the base of the hill wo 
 were on, it appealed to almost halt for a minute and then started rapidly 
 forward again, and with fierce yells began ascending the slope; and there 
 wjus heard an opening crash of rillery all along onr front, which was the 
 death-knell of linndreds ; yet on they came, but very slowly, — only a few 
 feet at a time. Now Cromwell hurries to Col. Ellis, who stands behind 
 the color company, and asks him to order a charge, but the colonel 
 sliakes his Ijead and tells the major to go back to his place again. Now 
 the enemy has been brouglit to a stand, but he is only a few rods away. 
 Again Cromwell walks towards Ellis. Tliis time he is accompanied by 
 Adjutant Itanisdell. Once more he requests the colonel to charge, and 
 is again told to go back to the left of the regiment; yet a moment later 
 their horses are brought up, and against the remonstrances of Cajit. Sil- 
 linian and others they mount. The major's only reply is, ' The men 
 must see us to-day,' and he rides slowly to and wheels his lioree about 
 in the rear of the centre of the left wing, where, with drawn swor-d and 
 eyes fi.xed on the colonel, he impatiently waits his superior's pleasure. 
 
 "Presently Ellis by a simple nod gives the desired permission, at 
 which Cromwell waves his swoid twice above his head, makes a lunge 
 forward, shouts the charge, and putting spurs to his horse, dashes for- 
 ward tlirough the lines. The men cease firing for a minute, and with 
 ready bayonets rush after him. Ellis sits still in his saddle and looks 
 on, as if ill proud admiration of both bis loved major and the gallant 
 sons of Orange, until the regiment is fairly under way, and then rushes 
 with them into the thickest of the fray. 
 
 "Tile coiiHict at this jKiint defies description. Koaring cannon, crash- 
 ing liflery, screeching shots, bursting shells, hissing bullets, cheers, 
 shouts, shrieks, and groans were the notes of the song of death which 
 greeted tho grim reaper as with mighty sweeps he leveled down the 
 richest fielil of scarlet human grain ever garnered on this continent. 
 
 "The enemy's line, unable to withstand this our fierce onset, broke 
 and lied, and Cromwell, his noble face flushed with victory, and liis e-V- 
 tended right arm waving his flashing sabre, uttered a shout of tliuniph. 
 
 " But it had scarcely escaped his lips when the second line of the foe 
 poured into us a terrible fire, which seemed in an instant to bring down 
 a full quarter of our number. Once more we hear Cromwell's sliout, 
 and once again we see amid the file and smoke his noble form and flash- 
 ing blade; but the next instant his brave heart is pierced by a rebel bul- 
 let, his right arm drops powerless, his lifeless body falls backward from 
 
ORANGE COUNTY IN THE REBELLION. 
 
 89 
 
 bis saddle, and, loud above the din of battle, we hear Ellis shout, ' My 
 God, men, your major is down ; save him ! save him !' Again the onset 
 of Orange County's sons becomes irresistible, and the second line of the foe 
 wavera and falls back, but another and more solid line takes its place, 
 whose fresh fire falls witli friglilfnl effect on our now skeleton ranks. So 
 terrible is it that two-thirds of the artilb-ry-men in our rear are either 
 killed or wounded, and the balance driven from their guns by the shells 
 and bullets which pass over and through our line. 
 
 " Lieut.-Col. Cummins, with the experience and eye of an old soldier, 
 realizes that a skirmish line without reserves, be the men who compose 
 it ever so brave, must eventually be swept away by a continually-re- 
 newed solid battle-line, and unwilling the regiment should be disgraced 
 by the loss of the guns it is expected to protect attempts to get them 
 started to the rear, but while in the act is so badly injured by a shell, 
 wliich striking a gun-carriage hurls it against liiin, that he is curried 
 from the field. But our brave Ellis yet remains, now seen in bold relief, 
 now lost amid the clouds of powder-smoke. A moment longer, the cen- 
 tral figure, he directs the regiment. Again the rebel line begins to waver, 
 ami we see his proud form rise in his stirrups, his long, sharp sword is 
 extended upward, a half-uttered order escapes his lips, when suddenly 
 his trusty blade falls point downward, his chin drops on his breast, and 
 his body with a weave pitches forward head foremost among the rocks, 
 at which his wounded beast reare and with a mad plunge dashes away, 
 staggering blindly through the ranks of the foe, who is now giving 
 ground again, firing wildly as he goes. 
 
 '* But we are too weak to follow them ; yet with desperate effort the 
 Orange Blossoms struggle forward and gather up such as they may of the 
 wounded, and with them and the bodies of Ellis and Cromwell we fall 
 slowly and mournfully back to the main line, from which we should 
 never have advanced, and there reform our shattered ranks and prepare 
 to receive as best we may the next onset of the foe. 
 
 "Three times we have beaten him back, hut now we are exhausted. 
 For forty minutes the brigades of Ward and De Trobiiand, at first scarce 
 three thousand strong, and now reduced to but little more than half that 
 number, have held their ground against Longstreet's entire corps." 
 
 The situation was fearful. Gen. Siclcles was se- 
 verely wounded. Birney now commanded the corps, 
 Ward the division, Berdan the brigade. Of the One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regiment, Col. Ellis 
 was killed, Lieut.-Col. Cummins carried to the rear 
 wounded, Maj. Cromwell dead, and Capt. Charles H. 
 Weygant, of Company A, who had been only fourth 
 in command when the battle commenced, was now in 
 change of the wasted ranks of the regiment. The ten 
 little companies, now numbering a triHe over a hun- 
 dred men. are gathered together in squads, like picket 
 posts along the front they are yet expected to hold. 
 
 '' But the gallant boj-s fought on. Every few mo- 
 ments a man would drop a rifle which had become 
 clogged or so hot that he could not hold it steadily, 
 and bidding those beside him be careful when they 
 fired, rush forward and pick up in place of it one that 
 had fallen from the hands of a dead or wounded com- 
 rade. The active part that the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth was to play in this great three days' 
 battle had now been performed. Moving to a piece 
 of wood about a mile in the rear of the Union line, 
 we prepared and with saddened hearts and gloomy 
 thoughts partook of our evening meal." 
 
 On the 7th of July the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth marched away from the hills of Gettysburg. 
 Only one hundred and fifty men were left, and nine 
 commissioned officers. They halted for the night at 
 Mechanicstown, twenty miles or more from Gettys- 
 burg. On the 8th they went twenty-three miles more, 
 and were south of Frederick, in Maryland ; on the 
 9th twelve miles down the Hagerstown road ; the 
 
 10th, twelve miles to Millpoint ; and the 11th to 
 Roxbury Mills, where the regiment, with loaded 
 pieces, was placed in line of battle, ready for an ex- 
 pected force of the enemy. But Gen. Lee was only 
 too glad to get his forces over the Potomac without 
 any more fighting. 
 
 The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth crossed the 
 river on the 17th, and on the 18th were at Hillsbor- 
 ough. Sunday, the 19th, they moved about seven 
 miles in the direction of firing, heard at Snicker's 
 Gap. The 20th they marched eighteen miles and en- 
 camped near Upperville. On the 22d they moved to 
 near their camp-grounds of nine months before at 
 Manassas Gap. The regiment shared in the move- 
 ment of Gen. Meade on the 23d, to fall upon an iso- 
 lated detachment of Lee's army reported to be at 
 Front Royal, on the opposite side of the mountain. 
 Little was however accomplished, though the One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth, as usual, made a good 
 record for bravery and promptness. The Gettysburg 
 campaign was over; Lee and his army were again on 
 the south side of the Rappahannock, Meade and the 
 Union army on the north. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Cummins (now colonel), injured at Get- 
 tysburg, was away from the regiment but a brief time, 
 taking command .July 28th. The regiment shared in 
 very important movements for some weeks. 
 
 At the time Lee's army threatened Washington in 
 the fall of 1863, the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 was moved from Culpepper to Centreville, arriving 
 at the latter place on the evening of October 14th. 
 The series of movements by which Lee forced Meade 
 to fall back to Centreville, and Meade in turn forced 
 Lee to retire once more to the southern shore of the 
 Rappahannock, lasted several weeks. 
 
 During November there were various movements 
 that involved the battle of Kelly's Ford, in which the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth participated, and 
 lost two killed and several wounded. 
 
 The battle of Mine Run occurred soon after the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth had reached the 
 side of the run opposite from the enemy, on Sunday, 
 the 29th, and had passed the day in full view, though 
 distant of the frowning heights, along which ran a 
 line of the enemy's works. 
 
 At two o'clock Monday morning the One Hundred 
 and Twenty-fourth, with other regiments of the bri- 
 gade, were ordered out to relieve a line of pickets 
 which had, during the early hours of the night, been 
 pushed up to within two hundred and fifty yards of 
 the Confederate works. The regiment crossed the 
 run with the difficult marshy lands adjacent, and at 
 three o'clock reached the picket line. About seven 
 o'clock in the morning the long line of Union forces 
 moving to the attack began advancing over the cleared 
 fields, through the valley below, and around the One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth. The latter was ordered 
 to bring up the reserves and form a skirmish line. 
 Col. Cummins gave the order, " Forward, men ! for- 
 
90 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ward !" and as the men sprang to their feet the enemy 
 opened a furious cannonade. It was a critical point, 
 and several casualties occurred. Having advanced 
 about fifty yards they were ordered to halt, and 
 threw themselves flat on the ground. The orders to 
 assault were soon after countermanded, and the One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth returned to its position 
 of the morning. 
 
 Following this aflair the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth and the Army of the Potomac generally en- 
 camped on the north bank of the Eapidan, while 
 Lee's army was on the south side, and there was a 
 pause of nearly five months in actual hostilities, at 
 least on a scale of any magnitude. Log cabins were 
 erected, soldiers made themselves as comfortable as 
 possible, and the months wore away in picket duty, 
 occasional foraging expeditions, now and then a brief 
 skirmish. 
 
 In the month of April the movements for the great 
 campaign of 1864, under Gen. Grant, began. On the 
 12th all surplus clothing was ordered to be packed 
 and sent to Washington ; on the 16th all sutlers were 
 ordered to leave the camp ; on the 22d there was a 
 grand review; on the 26th the army vacated its 
 winter-quarters, moved out, and pitched its tents on 
 an open field. 
 
 At eleven o'clock on the night of May 3, 1864, the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth struck its tents and 
 bade adieu to the camping grounds at Culpepper. 
 The next morning, after a march of twenty miles, 
 they reached the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, and crossed 
 on pontoons to the southern shore. At 2 p.m. of the 
 4th they were encamped on the old battle-field of 
 Chancellorsville. Hancock had been ordered to halt 
 there and await the arrival of Meade's entire train, 
 which is said to have consisted of four thousand 
 wagons, all of which had been ordered to follow the 
 Second Corps across the river by way of Ely's 
 Ford. This would seem to indicate that, unlike his 
 predecessors. Grant had determined under no circum- 
 stances to return to the old camping grounds north of 
 the Rapidan. 
 
 At 4 P.M. on the 5th of May the Army of the Po- 
 tomac was awakened from its slumbers. It had 
 crossed the Rapidan without opposition, and had 
 spent the night quietly resting on the edge of the 
 tract known as the Wilderness. 
 
 The details of the fearful struggle must be omitted, 
 and only such detached portions of the account given 
 as include the movements of the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth. This regiment came into action 
 about four o'clock on the afternoon of the 5th, and 
 shared in the fearful struggle which ended with both 
 armies mutually ceasing firing for the night. The 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth lost about twenty- 
 three severely wounded. They had taken thirty-two 
 prisoners, including one commissioned officer. On 
 the morning of the 6th the Union line faced to the 
 southwest, and was about five miles long. It was con- 
 
 fronted by Lee's lines, well formed. Grant's order 
 had been, " Attack along the whole line at five o'clock 
 in the morning." That order was obeyed. 
 
 The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth formed part 
 of Hancock's advance line, and shared in the fighting 
 which immediately followed with Heth's and Wilcox's 
 divisions of the enemy. Here Col. Cummins was 
 wounded, supposed to be at that time mortally, and 
 was carried to the rear. The command devolved upon 
 Lieut.-Col. Weygant. After a short lull in the tem- 
 pest, and during which the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth had partially succeeded in eating their break- 
 fast, there came Gen. Longstreet's great flank move- 
 ment, before which the Union lines gave way, and 
 more than twenty thousand men (among them the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth) were in full retreat. 
 The tangled " wilderness" was a " vast, weird, horrible 
 slaughter-pen," and the rout continued for more than 
 two miles. What might have happened had not the 
 firing of the enemy and their hot pursuit suddenly 
 ceased few can tell. Lieut.-Col. Weygant, in com- 
 mand, with only Corp. Edwards, now made a stand 
 along a wood-road, loosened the colors, and the men 
 of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth flocked once 
 more around the standard, and soon after the retreat- 
 ing forces were rallied and formed the lines again, now 
 in the rear of a long line of temporary breastworks 
 that had been hastily thrown up. This became an 
 impregnable wall that shielded the Union troops, and 
 against which the charges of the rebels were hurled 
 in vain. 
 
 Darkness closed the fighting of this fearful day. 
 The battle was not renewed on the 7tli. At eight 
 o'clock on the morning of the 8th the command was 
 again on the march. 
 
 The passage of the Po River on the 9th cost 
 something of a skirmish, in which the Twen- 
 tieth Indiana and the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth New York engaged. On the 10th the One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth moved back over the Po 
 River, and formed part of the new line which Grant 
 had formed before Spottsylvania. They shared in the 
 unsuccessful assault by Hancock's corps on the after- 
 noon of the 10th, in the forward movement during 
 the next night (the 11th), which preceded the great 
 battle of Spottsylvania. 
 
 That battle opened with Hancock's great success 
 in capturing Johnston's whole division, including 
 Brig.-Gen. George H. Stewart and about three thou- 
 sand prisoners. This made the rebels rally, however, 
 with desperate energy, and the advance movement was 
 not carried further. The rebels made five distinct 
 as.saults to recapture the works taken by Hancock's 
 forces, but failed after the most terrific slaughter. 
 
 In the surprise and success of the morning, in the 
 fierce fighting of the day, the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth was steadily engaged. They went 
 with the advancing line over the enemy's works, 
 were in the hand-to-hand fight that followed, and 
 
OKANGE COUNTY IN THE REBELLION. 
 
 91 
 
 shared in the desperate resistance it was necessary to 
 make to the desperate assaults. Col. Weygant was 
 wounded and borne to the rear, the command de- 
 volved on Maj. Murray, and so the day wore away 
 with its horrible carnage. The wonderful eighteen 
 hours' struggle ended at midnight by the Confeder- 
 ates abandoning the impossible task of retaking the 
 works. 
 
 As to the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, at the 
 close of the battle Lieut. Robinson with twenty men 
 was ordered out on picket duty, and the remainder 
 managed to get some refreshment, ailer which, with 
 weapons loaded, two-thirds only were allowed to 
 sleep at the same time. 
 
 On the morning of the 13th the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth could not muster more than one hun- 
 dred and twenty men, and two of these were killed 
 during the day. 
 
 For several days after the battle of May 12th the 
 Union army attempted no direct attack. On the 
 morning of the 18th, Hancock's command made an 
 assault upon the works, but deeming them too formid- 
 able to be carried, the forces v/ere withdrawn. A* 
 this time the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was in 
 the second line, which was not ordered forward, as 
 the movement was abandoned. Then followed an- 
 other attempt at a grand turning movement. 
 
 Gen. Meade's trains were parked on the Fred- 
 ericksburg road, and Tyler's division was sent to 
 guard them. This force was attacked on the 19th. 
 Tyler repulsed the enemy, while the One Hundred 
 and Twenty-fourth, with a brigade of the Fifth Corps, 
 dashed after the flying foe and captured a large num- 
 ber of prisoners. 
 
 Ab/)ut this time the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth was so reduced that it was consolidated into 
 three companies; the Eighty-sixth and One Hundred 
 and Twenty-fourth were united into one regiment for 
 field service. This regiment .shared in the assault 
 which captured the bridge over the North Anna 
 known as Chesterfield bridge, and lay in the works 
 taken during the night of the 23d of May. 
 
 The whole army now moved over the Pamunkey 
 River, but found the rebels in too strong force before 
 them. While Birney's command was erecting works 
 near the Elliott House, many casualties occurred. 
 They were bloody days, though no general engage- 
 ment took place. Capt. Crist was killed while direct- 
 ing the staking out of a new line of defense. In the 
 battle of Cold Harbor, the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth, as a part of Birney's command, was in the 
 reserve, and for the first time in this long series of 
 bloody battles were simply spectators. 
 
 Then followed a period when picks and shovels 
 were brought into requisition, and the army made 
 itself ready for a long campaign. It was evident by 
 this time that the great commander at their head had 
 no thought of retreat, but that a steady, persistent 
 movement was to be kept up until Richmond was 
 
 captured or the Union army had perished on the way. 
 Gen. Grant finally resolved to transfer the army by a 
 bold and rapid movement to the banks of the James. 
 This was effected during several days following the 
 12th of June. Several skirmishes occurred during 
 this movement; as usual, the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth was engaged, and it frequently lost 
 one or more men. 
 
 Finally the regiment settled down to its place in 
 the main line before Petersburg. At this time it was 
 reduced to less than a hundred men. Lieut-Col. 
 Weygant having nearly recovered from his wound re- 
 joined the regiment on the 4th of July. 
 
 The morning report of August 11th showed that 
 there were remaining on the rolls of the regiment 
 four hundred and twenty men and twelve officers, 
 but only one hundred and forty-two men present for 
 duty. 
 
 The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was a part 
 of the force engaged in the movement up the river to 
 Deep Bottom, August 13th. The landing was etfected 
 at daybreak, and the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth, the Seventy-third, and the Eighty-sixth New 
 York, which had been transported on the same boat, 
 threw out a strong picket line and awaited the arri- 
 val of the balance of the corps. At nine o'clock two 
 regiments deployed as skirmishers, and followed by a 
 supporting force moved forward through the woods. 
 About a mile distant the skirmishers met those of the 
 enemy, and the two lines were soon hotly engaged. 
 
 The Confederates soon gave way, and retired to a 
 strong line of earthworks on the brow of a command- 
 ing ridge. In front of these works the Union skir- 
 mishers were formed into a strong picket line, while 
 the main body was massed a short distance in the 
 rear. Presently the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 was ordered to advance to the support of a sec- 
 tion of the Fourth Maine Battery, which had taken 
 position just behind the picket line and opened on 
 the enemy's works. The Union battery did some 
 excellent work. It was here that Capt. W. E. Mapes 
 was wounded by the ball of a sharpshooter passing 
 through his thigh, carrying with it a small piece of 
 bone that adhered to his pants just below the wound. 
 The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was soon after 
 relieved from this point. 
 
 The next day, the 15th, the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth performed a great amount of picket 
 duty, and just after they were relieved, at eight o'clock 
 in tlie evening, were again ordered out to prolong the 
 picket line to the left. In this movement they be- 
 came exposed to the fire of a Confederate squad am- 
 bushed in a field of grain. It was finally necessary 
 to charge on the unseen foe and drive them out. The 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was not relieved 
 from this tour of picket duty until nine o'clock on the 
 evening of the 17th. Twenty-four hours later Han- 
 cock's entire command was on the w'ay back to 
 Petersburg. The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 
92 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NKW YORK. 
 
 was now stationed j,bout three miles to the left of 
 the place from which it had moved on the 12th. 
 Weeks and indeed months now passed away in the 
 trenches before Petersburg and on picket duty, the 
 latter much of the time dangerous to the very last de- 
 gree. Several of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 were wounded and others killed in this line of service. 
 
 On the last day of September offensive operations 
 against the enemy at Deep Bottom were renewed, and 
 for several days there was severe fighting at different 
 points along the Richmond and Petersburg lines, but 
 the One Hundred and THenty-fourth did not become 
 actually engaged. October 1st, their division was 
 hurried out of cam]), and, taking the cars, were con- 
 veyed to the extreme Union left, where Warren with 
 a heavy force had succeeded in extending his lines 
 across the Weldon Railroad, which was one of the 
 enemy's main arteries of supply. Warren was having 
 a hot time to hold what he had secured. The One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth, with six other regi- 
 ments, were set to work cutting drive-ways through a 
 strip of woods, and building a strong redoubt in front 
 of a Confederate mansion, called the Clement House. 
 After spending three days and nights at this work, 
 they were relieved by Gen. Ferrero's division of col- 
 ored troops. The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 moved back to the Jerusalem plank-road, and en- 
 camped in the second line near Fort Sedgwick, but 
 they were still under fire. Grant B. Benjamin and 
 Lieut. Jonathan Birdsall were killed about this time, 
 and others were wounded. 
 
 Tiie regiment had, however, filled up somewhat its 
 wasted ranks. Convalescents had returned, a few new 
 recruits had been received, and the roll showed two 
 hundred and thirty men with sixteen ofiieers present 
 for duty. 
 
 In this movement the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth had a part. Within a half-mile of Hatcher's 
 Run a brisk skirmishing fire broke out in front of 
 the ford. This was when Gen. Eagan's command 
 were forcing the passage of the stream. When this 
 was accomplished the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth crossed without difficulty, and moved on in 
 column with flankers on the left. It was thus in 
 the rear of Eagan's battle-line. Presently an order 
 came directing the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 to relieve the brigade on the left. In this advance 
 considerable fighting occurred, but the whole line 
 reached the Boydton road. Here a halt took place 
 by order of Gen. Meade. 
 
 Omitting the details of the battle, we trace the 
 movements of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth. 
 While holding the road a flanking company of rebel 
 dismounted cavalry with a battery of rifled guns came 
 thundering down until halted by the fire of the One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth. Then hastily creeping 
 up to the woods which were beyond an open lot in 
 front of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, they 
 opened a severe fire. 
 
 At this juncture an aide of Gen. De Trobriand rode 
 up and asked Col. Weygant if he did not tliink his 
 command could capture that battery. The reply was, 
 " We can try," but the assistance of another regiment 
 was very desirable. A company of sharpshooters im- 
 mediately came up. Just as the leader tendered his 
 services to Col. Weygant a bullet tumbled him from 
 his horse dead, but his men joined in the assault with 
 a will, as if to avenge the death of their leader. Col. 
 Weygant was wounded and borne from the field. The 
 charge was not made, but the attempt of the Con- 
 federates to pass down the road was steadily resisted 
 by the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, by tlie com- 
 pany of sharpshooters, and by Kirwin's powerful 
 regiment sent to their aid. 
 
 Capt. Benedict, the senior officer, in the absence of 
 Lieut.-Col. Weygant, was now in command of the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth until the latter re- 
 turned to the regiment November 22d. A large rein- 
 forcement was now received. Capt. Malone, of Mid- 
 dletown, brought an entire company. November 2oth 
 the muster-roll showed nineteen ofiieers, and three 
 hundred and sixty-two men present for duty. About 
 the last of the month, and during the early days 
 of December, the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 Regiment shared in the new attack on the Weldon 
 Railroad, which destroyed a portion of it further to 
 the south, still more embarrassing the receiving of 
 sujjplies by the rebel army. 
 
 The year 1864 had now drawn to a close. The great 
 campaign which was to be fought "out on this line if 
 it took all summer" was still in progress, the summer 
 and the fall had passed away, and yet the desired vic- 
 tory had not been won. Still with unyielding per- 
 sistency the Union army maintained the siege. Daily 
 the lines around Richmond tightened. 
 
 The month of January, 1865, was devoted to thor- 
 ough preparation for a spring campaign. February 
 4th the t)ne Hundred and Twenty-fourth received 
 orders to be ready for a march. Another demonstra- 
 tion against the enemy's right had been ordered, and 
 the next morning the Fifth and Second Corps, pre- 
 ceded by Gregg's division of cavalry, pushed out to 
 Reams' Station, and thence to Dinwiddle Court- 
 House, the Fifth Corps being directed to turn the 
 rebel right while the Second assailed in front. At 
 seven o'clock on the morning of the 5th the brigade 
 column, which included the One 1 lundred and Twenty- 
 fourth, marched to the left about two miles, and halted 
 in the rear of Meade's most advanced picket-posts. 
 
 After a regiment had been deployed as skirmishers 
 they moved beyond the Union picket line, drove in 
 the rebel pickets a mile or more to the small stream 
 known as Hatcher's Run. On the further side of this 
 stream a small rebel force behind a line of earth- 
 works held the Union skirmishers at bay until assist- 
 ance came up, when the Confederates were quickly 
 dislodged, and the brigade forded the stream in battle 
 line. They pushed on about tliree-quarters of a mile 
 
ORANGE COUNTY IN THE EEBELLION. 
 
 93 
 
 until they were near the enemy's main line. Here 
 Gen. De Trobriand took up a strong position and set 
 his men to building a corresponding line. The brigade 
 worked all day unmolested, and at night lay down to 
 rest behind forniidalile earthworks. The remaining 
 brigades of Mott's division had moved up on the left 
 and also intrenched themselves. About dark Mott's 
 line was assaulted by a heavy rebel force that were 
 elated with having forced back Warren's command 
 during the day. This was quickly repelled by McAl- 
 lister's New Jersey brigade. About three in the 
 morning of the 6th the brigade of which the One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth was a part being re- 
 lieved, moved to the left about half a mile and massed 
 themselves in a ravine in the rear of McAllister's line. 
 That night it was learned that Hancock's command 
 had held every foot of ground gained in spite of the 
 most determined assaults, and that the Union lines 
 were permanently advanced beyond Hatcher's Run. 
 On the morning of the 9th the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth was able to get into position on the 
 new line, and for three weeks or so was once more in 
 winter-quarters. During the first half of March, 
 1865, many signs indicated that a final campaign was 
 about to open which would end in absolute triumph. 
 Sheridan's victories in the Valley, and Sherman's in 
 the Carolinas, became known in the ranks of the 
 Army of the Potomac. From the 14tli to the 23d of 
 the month tlie time was fully occupied in pushing to 
 completion every detail of preparation. 
 
 On the morning of the 24th everything was ready 
 in the camp of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 for marching on five minutes' notice. There was not 
 long to wait. Orders had already been issued by Gen. 
 Grant directing an advance on all parts of the line 
 on the morning of the 29th. Sheridan with his ten 
 thousand troopers, flushed with their victories in the 
 Valley, were now with the besieging army waiting 
 to move once more against their old enemy, Lee's 
 grand Army of Northern Virginia. 
 
 The Confederate leaders did not wait for Gen. 
 Grant to commence. On the morning of the 26th of 
 March they made a vigorous assault on Fort Sted- 
 man, the capture of which would have cut the Union 
 lines in two and opened up a chance for Lee to move 
 south and unite with Johnston to overwhelm Sherman. 
 The movement was partially successful, the Union 
 troops were driven out of the fort, but the rebels could 
 not follow up their success. Their supporting columns 
 failed to come up ; they could not seize the crest of the 
 hill which was held by the Union troops in the rear 
 of the fort. The Confederates, too, were soon between 
 two lines of LTuionists, and two thousand were forced 
 to surrender or be cut to pieces. Gen. Meade, too, or- 
 dered an acjvance at other parts, and wrested away a 
 portion of their intrenched line, which the rebels never 
 recovered. This action was simply heard by the brig- 
 ade in which the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was 
 enrolled. Thev had no share in the movement. Yet 
 
 they were soon ordered to strike their tents, and during 
 that day they assisted in holding important positions, 
 but were not engaged until just dark. They had se- 
 cured themselves in a line of earthworks which a 
 New Hampshire regiment had just vacated, and which 
 was now strengthened by the materials of some small 
 buildings torn down for the purpose. Col. Weygant 
 had videttes carefully posted and instructed in case 
 of attack to reserve their fire until the enemy was 
 within fifty yards, then empty their pieces as deliber- 
 ately as possible, and hurry back to the lines. A 
 force of the enemy, perhaps five hundred in number, 
 soon emerged from the thicket on the road at the foot 
 of the slope, just in front of the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth. They evidently had seen the New 
 Hampshire men leave these works, and did not know 
 of their occupation by other Union men. The vi- 
 dettes obeyed orders, the enemy, disregarding their 
 fire, lowered their bayonets, and started up the hill 
 on a charge. As soon as the videttes were in, the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, from behind their 
 intrenchments, poured upon the enemy a most de- 
 structive fire, completely demoralizing the charging 
 line. The Confederates threw themselves upon the 
 ground or piled into the picket-pits, and the One 
 Hundred and Twenty- fourth, pouring over the works, 
 made a sudden charge upon them. The Conlederate 
 commander, Col. D. S. Troy, grasped from his stand- 
 ard-bearer the colors of his regiment, and waved them 
 frantically in vain eftbrts to reform his lines ; but ere 
 twenty of his followers could rally around him a 
 bullet pierced his breast. George W. Tompkins 
 grasped from his hands the standard, and trailed it 
 beneath the colors of the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth. One hundred and sixty-four men were cap- 
 tured and six officers, while volley after volley was 
 hurled after the remainder as they rushed pell-mell 
 down the hill. Not a man of the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth was killed or wounded, — a circum- 
 stance scarcely paralleled in the history of the war. 
 Private Tompkins received a medal from the Secre- 
 tary of War for his capture of the enemy's colors. 
 
 The original order of Gen. Grant was not appa- 
 rently changed or its execution delayed by the Con- 
 federate attempt upon Fort Stedman. On the 29th, 
 30th, and 31st occurred the grand advance which 
 ended with the victorious battle of Five Forks, on 
 the 1st of April, when Sheridan held the place with 
 five th)usand prisoners, and the entire right wing 
 of Lee's army was fleeing westward, — in the language 
 of Pollard, — " routed, demoralized, and past control." 
 In this decisive action the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth was not engaged, but it had borne an important 
 part in the three days' operations, holding perilous 
 positions, and at one point, in a skirmish of some 
 magnitude, silenced a Confederate battery. 
 
 That same night, while the defeat at Five Forks 
 was carrying consternation through all the Confed- 
 erate lines. Gen. Grant ordered the bombardment of 
 
94 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Petersburg by all the available artillery in the grand 
 circle of forts surrounding the doomed city. 
 
 At a quarter of twelve that night the One Hundred 
 and Twenty- fourth was ordered by Gen. De Trobriand 
 to advance uj) to within two hundred and fifty feet of 
 the enemy's works in their immediate front, open a 
 vigorous fire, and maintain their position, if possible, 
 for half an hour, but not to a.ssault their lines. This 
 strange order (as it then appeared), and one full of 
 peril, was promptly executed. A sharp midnight 
 struggle ensued, so fierce that the commanding gen- 
 eral sent the Seventy-third New York and the One 
 Hundred and Tenth Pennsylvania to tlie assistance 
 of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth. ' An aide 
 soon after recalled the force. The One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth had several men wounded, and Capt. 
 Edward J. Cormick, of Company F, was killed.' A few 
 hours later the officers ofthe One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth learned that this midnight engagement was of 
 great importance to the general movement, and that its 
 object had been fully accomplished. Gen. Grant in- 
 tended a general assault on the lines to the south and 
 east of Petersburg for the next morning. Gen. Lee, 
 supposing Grant's intention was to throw his forces 
 next against the right wing, had withdrawn his army 
 considerably from Petersburg, and night attacks like 
 that made by the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 were to engage the enemy's attention and prevent the 
 return of his forces to the defense of Petersburg. This 
 strategy was successful. 
 
 Early on the morning of April 2d the grand assault 
 upon Petersburg was made as Grant intended. Parke 
 on the Union right carried the enemy's outer lines, 
 capturing several guns and a few prisoners, but found 
 the inner lines so strong that he despaired of carrying 
 them without additional forces, and therefore deserted. 
 Wright with his own corps, the Sixth, supported by 
 two divisions of Ord's, made an impetuous advance, 
 losing heavily but carrying everything in his front, 
 capturing a large number of guns and taking several 
 thousand prisoners. Ord's remaining division forced 
 the enemy's line at Hatcher's Run, and with the main 
 body under Wright swung around and pressed for- 
 ward from the west towards Petersburg. At length, 
 about nine o'clock a.m., Humphrey advanced with 
 the divisions of Mott and Hays, carried a redoubt, 
 scaled the enemy's works in his front, and closing in 
 on the left of Ord's men, pushed on with the vic- 
 torious lines towards the fated city. In this advance 
 a portion of De Trobriand's brigade, led by the One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth, moved at a double- 
 quick over one ofthe main roads leading into Peters- 
 burg. Ahead was a demoralized, fleeing body of Con- 
 federates, whose pace was occasionally quickened by 
 hurling into them a few bullets. Several times a 
 squad of the hindermost wheeled and returned the 
 fire, but in so wild a manner that the Union men 
 were not injured by it. The enemy was driven 
 within his inner line of intrenchments, which it was 
 
 no part of Grant's plan to assault at a fearful waste 
 of life. 
 
 The beginning of the end had come. Gen. Lee 
 made a re-disposition of his forces about Petersburg 
 that same afternoon in full sight of the Union army, 
 but he was only covering his purpose to allow the 
 Confederate leaders to evacuate Richmond. He knew 
 he could hold neither Petersburg nor Richmond many 
 hours longer. This was thg day when he sent the 
 famous dispatch to Richmond, which was carried to 
 Jefl'erson Davis seated in church ; and then followed 
 that wild scene never paralleled on this continent: 
 of a fleeing government, a city given up to riot and 
 mob law, ending with a fearful conflagration, the last 
 legacy of the dissolving Confederacy to its ill-fated 
 capital. During the night following the 2d of 
 April the Confederate forces stole silently out of 
 Petersburg over muffled bridges, and on the morning 
 of the 3d, Gen. Grant, pausing in his victorious 
 career only to send a governor and a provost-guard 
 into the city, set his army in motion after Lee's flee- 
 ing veterans. 
 
 The Confederate forces, after their hasty flight from 
 the lines which they had so long defended around 
 Richmond and Petersburg, concentrated at Chester- 
 field Court-House, about eight miles west. From 
 that point the Army of Virginia, still forty thousand 
 strong, moved rapidly westward along the northern 
 shore of the Rappahannock River some thirty miles, 
 to Amelia Court-House. By a misunderstood dis- 
 patch, three long trains of supplies, which had been 
 telegraphed to meet ( ten. Lee at Amelia Court-House, 
 were sent forward to Richmond the very day of the 
 evacuation, and were burned in the great fire set by 
 the Confederates as they were leaving. 
 
 In the pursuit which Sheridan with his cavalry be- 
 gun on the morning of the 3d before the sun was up, 
 the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth took a part, 
 their brigade having the advance of the Second Corps. 
 During the day they marched about twenty miles, 
 capturing two hundred dismounted Confederate cav- 
 alry and one brass field-piece. 
 
 On the morning of the 4th they were aroused from 
 slumber at three o'clock and were on the march at 
 four. About ten o'clock a halt of Gen. Humphrey's 
 corps was ordered, and Gen. De Trobriand sent the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth out to forage a meal 
 for the brigade. They were successful, notwith- 
 standing the war-swept condition of the neighbor- 
 hood, in finding a mill, which they set to grinding 
 grain found there, and which stopped finally by the 
 upper millstone being hurled from its spindle and 
 thrown through the side of the building. They also 
 secured fowls, cattle, sheep, and pigs, though most of 
 them were fearfully lean. The foraging and eating 
 used up most ofthe day, but they moved three miles 
 farther just at night. At three o'clock in the morn- 
 ing of the .5th they were on the march again ; a very 
 welcome supply-train overtook them with three days' 
 
ORANGE COUNTY IN THE REBELLION. 
 
 95' 
 
 rations. At dusk the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth joined Sheridan at Jettersville, where he held 
 the Danville Railroad, cutting oflf one more of Lee's 
 lines of communication. During the day a severe 
 engagement had taken place there, resulting in a loss 
 to the Confederates of a foraging train of one hun- 
 dred and eighty wagons, together with a battery of 
 artillery and a hundred prisoners. 
 
 On the morning of the 6th the pursuit was resumed, 
 the brigade of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 again leading the advance of the Second Corps. 
 They soon came up with Lee's rear-guard at a point 
 where the road crossed a small stream. The Twen- 
 tieth Indiana was deployed as a heavy skirmish line, 
 and soon became hotly engaged. The One Hundred 
 and Twenty-fourth was ordered to the front, and 
 moved off on a run. Gen. Mott added, " Deploy as 
 soon as you cross and take that train." The train 
 was not in sight. As Gen. Mott rode up to the colonel 
 of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth and com- 
 menced to give an additional order, he was wounded 
 and borne from the field. A delay of ten minutes oc- 
 curred, when the advance was resumed, with the 
 entire division to which the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth belonged in battle line, but the enemy 
 had fled. The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was 
 sent to relieve the Twentieth Indiana, and that 
 brought the Orange County boys to the front and in 
 sight of the wagon-train which Gen. Mott had di- 
 rected them to take. They were soon able to open an 
 effective fire on the teamster.s, and compelled the 
 abandonmgiit of fifteen or twenty wagons and two 
 brass guns, which were being moved with them. The 
 regiment was now wildly enthusiastic; the colonel 
 was obliged to force his horse into a trot to keep up 
 with the excited men. They soon came in sight of a 
 line of rebel earthworks, which Capt. Travis would 
 have charged immediately with his single company of 
 thirty men had not the superior officers recalled him. 
 The main line soon came up, a charge was made, and 
 the enemy was driven from his works, losing a large 
 number of men captured by the Union forces. Two 
 hours later the advance came up with another Con- 
 federate battle line, and this proved to be held by a 
 considerable body of Lee's main army. The works 
 were manned by a solid battle line, studded at inter- 
 vals with artillery, and gayly decked with Confederate 
 battle-flags. In a few moments the main line again 
 came up. The entire division of which the One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-fourth was a part made one general 
 charge, swept over the works, capturing several hun- 
 dred prisoners, together with a number of battle-flags 
 and five or six pieces of artillery. The Sixth Corps 
 and Sheridan's cavalry were having severe fighting 
 on the left; they met with strong opposition, were re- 
 pulsed twice with serious loss, but eventually cap- 
 tured nearly two-thirds of Gen. Ewell's corps, in- 
 cluding Ewell himself and five of his general officers. 
 After this engagement, known as the battle of Sailor's 
 
 Creek, in which the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 Regimenttook twenty-eight prisoners and lost several 
 men, there was a halt of nearly an hour. But when 
 once under way again the enemy's rear-guard was 
 soon overtaken. It was driven from hilltop to hill- 
 top, prisoners by the hundred being taken, guns and 
 wagons being abandoned, and this was only sus- 
 pended by the darkness of the night. Lee had lost 
 during the day nearly six thousand prisoners, four 
 hundred wagons, and upwards of thirty pieces of ar- 
 tillery. 
 
 The pursuit on the 7th was continued. About 
 eight o'clock in the morning they reached Highbridge, 
 a small place six miles east of Farmville, and where 
 the Appomattox is crossed by both a wagon road and 
 a railroad bridge. The rebels had fired the bridges, 
 and had quite a formidable force to resist the passage. 
 Gen. Barlow's division, then in the advance, dashed 
 over the burning wagon bridge, scattered the defend- 
 ing force, and captured, with a number of prisoners, 
 eighteen pieces of artillery. Barlow then moved off 
 in the direction of Farmville on similar service. 
 From Highbridge, Humphrey's division and De Tro- 
 briand's, including the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth, moved on over the old -stage road towards 
 Appomattox Court-House. About five miles beyond 
 the river they came up to the main body of Lee's 
 army, so strongly posted that it was not deemed pru- 
 dent to attack. A short time afterwards, on the sup- 
 position that Lee was again retreating, an attack was 
 made by several regiments of Miles' division, which 
 was repulsed with a Union loss of six hundred. 
 
 But the end had come. Lee was surrounded. 
 Sheridan's cavalry and the Sixth Corps had swept 
 around his lines far to the west, and now held Ap- 
 pomattox Station on the Lynchburg Railroad, ex- 
 tinguishing Lee's last hope of escape. At eight on 
 the morning of the 9th of April the order to renew 
 the advance was obeyed by a slow but steady march, 
 but at noon orders were passed down the column to 
 move from the road and rest. The now famous and 
 historic interview between Grant and Lee was being 
 held, and the terms of surrender adjusted. 
 
 The paroled rebels disappeared, the Army of North- 
 ern Virginia was no longer in existence. 
 
 The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth soon after- 
 wards moved to Burkesville Junction, where it received 
 the news of Lincoln's assassination. Resuming soon 
 after their northern march, they moved leisurely 
 along. About the middle of May they were again in 
 sight of Washington. The One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth was in the grand review, and immediately left 
 for home. They were delayed about a week on Hart's 
 Island, after which they took the steamer " Mary 
 Powell" for Newburgh. 
 
 Well might the Newburgh Daily Union, a few days 
 previous, say, — 
 
 " This regiment of heroes, for such they have proved 
 themselves to be, are expected home soon. They 
 
96 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 have made as noble a record as any regiment in the 
 field. They have poured out their blood on dozens 
 of historic fields, and have a roll of heroic dead 
 whose memory should be precious to old Orange 
 forever." 
 
 From the Newburgh Daily Union of June 14th we 
 take the following paragraphs relating to the welcome 
 in that city : 
 
 " Wlieii the cannon on the long dock heguii to roar, the boys involunta- 
 rily setupaslioutof delight, as if they recognized the toriesofan old friend. 
 But the belching, bellowing tube Bent out no missiles of death auioog tbeni 
 thiB time,— nothing but the notes of a glorious welcome. The sight that 
 greeted tlie eyes of those who were on tlie ' Powell' as she neared our 
 village can hardly ever be forgotten by them. Everv place which com- 
 manded a view of the river seemed to be crowded with eager spectators. 
 Flags were flying, bells ringing, cannon booming, innumerable handker- 
 chiefs waving, and the whole village seemed bent on making itself seen 
 and heard. The boys looked on all this display with undisguised delight, 
 and gave vent to their feelings in repeated cheers. They were marched 
 to the corner of First and Front Streets, through the immense tlirong 
 which had assembled to do them lionor, and between open files of the 
 firemen and Union League, who stood with heads uncovered. The pro- 
 cession then formed in the following order: First the firemen ; then the 
 trustees of the village and distinguislied citizens ; tlien the Union League, 
 accompanied by Eastman's splendid band of Poughkeepsie ; then came 
 the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth. Tlie procession moved up Front 
 Street to Water, up Water to South, up South t*.i Grand, down Grand to 
 ■Western Avenue, up Western Avenue to Liberty, down Liberty to Wash- 
 ington's headquarters. Every flag was out all along the route, and the 
 sight of the bullet-torn battle-flag of the regiment seemed to be regarded 
 with intense interest. Before the boys got around the route they were 
 well furnished with bouquets from the hands of the fair ladies of New- 
 burgh. Every soldier had a bouquet in the muzzle of his rifle. What a 
 change ! The weapons from which, for the past three years, had been 
 issuing the deatli-dealing bullet now decorated willi the floral tribute of 
 victory and peace. They were distributed by a flower brigade, led by 
 Miss Travis, and organized by Mr. J. T. Sloan. 
 
 " The firemen and Leaguers on reaching the headquarters formed in 
 front of the stand in a hollow square, into which the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth marched. The ciowd ou the ground was immense, entirely 
 coveting the lawn from the house to the eastern limits. There could 
 not have been less than ten thousand persons present. 
 
 " The regiment was welcomed by Judge Taylor in an eloquent address, 
 of which we can only quote detached passages : 
 
 "' On behalf of the citizens of the county of Orange, I bid you a warm 
 and cordial welcome to your homes again. You come to us war-worn 
 and scar-worn from the hundred battles of the Army of the Potomac, 
 and you come to us too at a time when peac;e rests upon our beloved 
 country. With proud hearts we welcome you. But that pride is mingled 
 with somewhat of sadness when we remember tlie tliousand comrades 
 whom you have left upon the battle-fields of the sunny South. . . . But, 
 my friends, yon come home to us having comideted your work and 
 completed it nobly. To-day our beloved country, which for four long 
 years has been threatened with destruction, is saved by the valor of your 
 arms, and those glorious institutions whicli our fathers purchased for us 
 with their blood, have been preserved, though threatened by traitorous 
 hands and rebel foes. . . . You have presented to us anew our glorious 
 Union, more pure, more elevated, more perfect than before. You will 
 have enabled us on the ensuing Fourth of July, the anniversary of our 
 national independence, to celebrate the absolute fact that all men are 
 *born free and equal,' that the 'Stars and Stripes' wave over none but 
 freemen, and that the contradiction which has existed for the last three- 
 quarters of a century that four millions of bondmen were held under the 
 starry flag no longer exists, but that all, of whatever color, birth, or nat- 
 ionality, when they come upon the soil of the United States, under the 
 sbaikiw of that glorious banner are freemen, and entitled to its protection 
 untier all circumstances.' 
 
 '■ The address of welcome woe appropriately responded to by Col. Wey- 
 gant. The great assembly dissolved, the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 was disbanded, and the record of ita glorious achievements passed forever 
 into the arcliives of history." 
 
 The report of the adjutant-general for 1868 pre- 
 sents the following summary statement of the battles 
 
 which the regiment was authorized to inscribe upon 
 its banners: 
 
 Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Kel- 
 ly's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Po River, Spotts- 
 ylvania, North Anna, Tolopotomy, Cold Harbor, 
 Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Boydton Road. 
 
 Col. Weygant's history does not show that they par- 
 ticipated to any extent in the battle of Cold Harbor, 
 while Boydton Road, Deep Bottom, and others in 
 which they did participate are not named in the 
 above. 
 
 We add the following official record of the com- 
 missioned officers, also from the adjutant-general's re- 
 port of 1868 ; the date of commission being first given, 
 followed by the date of rank. 
 
 Colonels. 
 
 A. Van Horn Ellis, Sept. lu, 1862 ; Aug. 23, 1862; killed in action at Get- 
 tysburg, Pa., July 2, 18G3. 
 
 Francis M. Cummins, Oct. 10,1863; July 2,1863; discharged Sept. 19, 
 1864. 
 
 Charles H. Weygant, Jan. 11, IStlo ; Sept. 19, 1864; not mustered. 
 
 Lieute^unil-ColoneU. 
 
 Francis M. Cummins, Sept. 10, 1863 ; Aug. 16, 1802 ; promoted to coloael 
 Oct. 10, 1863. 
 
 Charles H. Weygant, Oct. 10, 1863 : July 2, 1863 ; mustered out with reg- 
 iment June 3, ISGJ^ (brevet colonel, U.S.V.). 
 
 Henry S. Murray, Jan. II, 1805 ; Sept. 19, 1864; not mustered. 
 
 Miijors, 
 
 James Cromwell, Sept. 10, 1862; Aug. 20,1862; killed in action at Gettys- 
 burg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 
 Charles H. Weygant, Sept. 14, 1863; July 2, 1863; promoted to lieuten- 
 ant-colonel Oct. 10. 1863. 
 
 Henry S. Murray, Oct. 10, 1863; July 2, 1863; mustered out witli regi- 
 ment June 3, 1865. 
 
 James W. Benedict, Jan. 11, 1865; Sept. 19, 1864; not mustered. 
 
 AdjutanU. 
 William Sillimaii, Sept. 10, 1862; July 16, 1862; promoted to captain 
 
 Oct. 3, 1862. 
 C. Depeyster Arden, Oct. 3, 1862; Aug. 20, 1862; discharged Jau. 14, 
 
 1863. 
 William Browuson.Feb. 20,1863; Dec. 31,1863; resigned Sept. 17, 1863. 
 William B. Van Houten, Oct. 10, 1863; Sept. 17,1863; discharged Jan. 
 
 23, 1865. 
 Wines E. Weygant, Jan. 31, 1865 ; Jan. 31, 1865 ; not mustered. 
 
 Quariermitslers. 
 Augustus DennistOD, Sept. 10, 1862; July 15, 1862; resigned Jan. 14, 
 
 1863. 
 Henry F. Travis, Feb. 27, 1863 ; Jan. 14, 1SG3; promoted to captain Aug. 
 
 20, 1863. 
 Ellis Post, Aug. 20, 1863; April 21, 1863; mustered out with regiment 
 
 June 3, 1865. 
 
 Siirgewis. 
 John H. Thompson, Sept. 10, 1862; July 26, 1862; dismissed Nov, 25, 
 
 1864; disability, removed by order of the President, Jan. 14, 1865. 
 John H. Thompson, Feb. 15, 18G5 ; Feb. 15, 1865; failed to muster. 
 Robert V. K. Montfort, March 22, 1865; March 22, 1865; mustered out 
 
 with regiment June 3, 1865 
 
 Asaistant Surgeons, 
 Edward G. Marshall, Sept. 10, 1862; Sept. 5, 1862; dismissed Aug. 7, 1863. 
 Robert V. K. Montfort, Sept. 10, 1862 ; Sept. 10, 1862 ; promoted to sur- 
 geon March 22, 18G5. 
 Edward C. Fox, April G, 1865; April 7, 1865; mustered out with regi- 
 ment June 3, 1865. 
 
 Chaplain. 
 Thomas Scott Bradner, Oct. 21, 1862; Aug. 23, 1862 ; mustered out with 
 regiment June 3, 1805. 
 
ORANGE COUNTY IN THE REBELLION. 
 
 97 
 
 Captoitis. 
 
 Charles H. Weygant, Sept. 10, 1S62 ; Aug. 12, 1862; promoted to major 
 Sept. 14, 1861). 
 
 Charles B. Wood, Oct. 10, 1863 ; July 2, 180:! ; di.^cliarged Sept. 21, 1864. i 
 
 Thomas Tafr, Nov. 15, 1864 ; Sept. 21, 1864 ; mustered out with regiment 
 June.'), 1865. 
 
 Henr.v S. Murray, Sept. 10, 1862; Aug. 14, 1862; promoted to miyor Oct. 
 10, 186:i. 
 
 William E. Mapes, Dec. 17, 1863; July 2, 1863; discharged Dec. 15, 1864. 
 
 Robert J. Malolle, Dec. 17, 1864 ; Sept. lo, 1S64 ; mustered out with regi- 
 ment June 3, 1865. 
 
 Jauies Cromwell, Sept. 10, 1862 ; Aug. 15, 1802; promoted to ma.jor .Sept. 
 10, 1862. 
 
 William Sillimau, Oct. 3, 1862; Aug. 20, 1862; promoted to colonel 20th 
 U. S. C. T. Fell. 1, 1864. 
 
 James Finnegan, Feb. 0, 1864; Feb. 1,1864; died of wounds Oct. 28, 1804. 
 
 James A. Giier, Nov. 15, 1864; Oct. 27, 1804; not mustered. 
 
 James W, Benedict, Sept. 10, 1802; Aug. 10,1862; mustered out with 
 regiment June 3, 1863. 
 
 John C. Wood, Feb. 18, 1865 ; Jan. 1, 1805 ; mustered out with regiment 
 June 3, 1865. 
 
 William A. McBurney, Sept. 10, 1862; Aug. lit, 1862; resigned March 9, 
 1863. 
 
 Daniel Sayer, Dec. 17,1863; Marcli 6,1863; mustered out with regiment 
 June 3, 1865. 
 
 Isaac Nicoll.Sept. 10, 1862; Aug. 20, 1862; killed in action at Gettysburg, 
 Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 
 James 0. Deuniston, Aug. 20, 1863; July 2, 1862; not mustered. 
 
 Henry P. Ramsdell, Dec. 12, 1863; Oct. 7, 1863; not mustered. 
 
 Thomas J. Quick, Dec. 17, 1863; Dec. 10, 1863; mustered out with regi- 
 ment June 3, 1865. 
 
 Ira S. Bush, Sept. 10, 1862 ; Aug. 20, 1862; resigned Juno 21, 1864. 
 
 John W. Houston, July 15, 1864; June 21, 1864; not mustered. 
 
 Edward J. Cormick, Nov. 15, 1864 ; Aug. 10, 1864 ; killed in action near 
 Petersburg, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Lander Clark, Sept. 10, 1862; Aug. 20, 1862; resigned May 13, 1863. 
 
 Henry F. Tjavis, Aug. 20, 1863 ; April 21, 1863 ; must, out with regiment 
 June 3, 186.5. 
 
 William A. Jackson, Sept. 10, 1862 ; Aug. 23, 1862; killed in action near 
 Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Lewis M. Wisner, July 15, 1864 ; July 14, 1864 ; not mustered as captain. 
 
 Thomas BradJey, Nov. 15, 1864; Aug. 2, 1864; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Jhne 3, 1865. 
 
 David Crist, Sept. 10, 1862; Aug. 23,1862 ; killed in action May 30, 1864. 
 
 Theodore M. Robei-son, Feb. 18, 1865 ; Jan. 1, 1865; mustered out with 
 regiment June 3, 1865. 
 
 Fir^l Lieiitenttntn. 
 
 Charles B. Wood, Sept. 10, 1862 ; Aug. 12, 1862 ; promoted to captain Oct. 
 10, 1863. 
 
 Charles T. Cressy, April 19, 1864; May 1, 1864; not mustered. 
 
 Thomas Taft, Aug. 2, 1864 ; July 20, 1864 ; promoted to captain Nov. 15, 
 1864. 
 
 Davirl U. Quick, Feb. 18, 1865 ; Jan. 1, 1865; mustered out with regi- 
 ment June 3, 1805. 
 
 Wines E. Weygant, Sept. 10, 1862 ; Aug. 14, 1862 ; resigned Feb. S, 1863. 
 
 William E. Mapes, Feb. 27, 1863; Feb. 8, 1863; promoted to captain Feb. 
 27,1803. 
 
 Edwar.l J. Cormick, Alarcb 23, 1864; March 17. 1864 ; promoted to cap- 
 tain Nov. 15, 1864. 
 
 Abram P. Francisco, Feb. 18, 1865 ; Jan. 1, 1865 : mustered out with regi- 
 ment June 3, 186,"i. 
 
 William Brownson, Sept. 10, 1862; Aug. 15, 1862; promoted to adjutant 
 Feb. 211, 1863. 
 
 Henry P. Ramsdell, Feb. 20, 1863; Dec. 31,1862; discharged Dec. 13, 
 1863. 
 
 Daniel Sayer, Sept. 10, 1862; Aug. 16, 1862; promoted to captain Dec. 
 17, 186.3. 
 
 John W.Houston, Dec. 17, 1863; March 6, 1863; discharged Dec. 13, 
 1803. 
 
 Ebenezer Holbert, July 15, 1864 : June 21, 1K(;4 ; mustered out with regi- 
 ment June :t, 1865. 
 
 Wm. A. Verplauck, Sept. 10, 1862; Aug. 10, 1862; discharged Sept. 23, 
 1863. 
 
 Theodore M. Roberson, Dec. 17, 1863 ; Sept. 25, 1803 ; promoted to captain 
 Feb. 18, 1865. 
 
 Woodward T. Ogden, Feb. 18, 1865; Jan. 1, 186.'.; not mustered. 
 
 James 0. Deuniston, Sept. 10, 1862 ; Aug. 20,1862: discharged Oct. 17, 
 1863. 
 
 William H. Benjamin, Feb. IS, 18135; Jan. 1, 1805; mustered out with 
 regiment June 3, 1865. 
 
 Thonms J. Quick, Sept. 10, 18(i2; Aug. 20, 1862; promoted to captain 
 Dec. 17, 1863. 
 
 .lames A. Grier, Dec. 24, 1863; Dec. 10, 1863; not mustered. 
 
 John B. Staubrough, Sept. 10,1862; Aug. 2", 1862; resigned Nov. 12, 
 1862. 
 
 Isaac M. Martin, Dec. 30, 1802; Nov. 12, 1862; dismissed May 15, 1863. 
 
 Wm. B. Van Houteu, Aug. 20, 1863 ; May 15, 1863; promoted to adju- 
 tant Oct. 10, 1863. 
 
 Charles Stuart, Oct. 10, 1803 ; Sept. 17, 1863 ; discharged May 15, 1866. 
 
 James H. Roosa, Sept. 10, 1862 ; .\ug. 23, 1862 ; resigned March 7, 1863. 
 
 James Finnegan, May 26, 1863; March 7, 1863; promoted to captain 
 Feb. 9, 1864. 
 
 Lewis .M. Wisner, Feb. 23, 1864; Feb. 1, 1864; discharged Aug. 5, 1864. 
 
 Jolin C. Wood, Nov. 15, 1864; Aug. 1, 1864; promoted to captain Feb. 18, 
 1865. 
 
 Thomas Hart, Feb. 18, 18fKi; Jan. 1, 1805; mustered out with regiment 
 June 3, 1865. 
 
 Henry Gowdy, Sept. 10, 1862; Aug. 22, 1863; died May 11, 1863, of 
 wounds. 
 
 John R. Hayes, Dec. 17, 1863; May 10, 1863 ; not mustered. 
 
 Thomas Bradley, Sept. 27, 1804; Aug. 1, 1864; promoted to captain 
 Nov. 15, 1864. 
 
 John S. King, Dec. 17,1804; Sejit. 15, 1864; mustered out with regiment 
 June 3, 1865. 
 
 iSV'OHrf LietUenaiiljt. 
 
 Charles T. Cressy, Sept. 10, 1862 ; Aug. 12, 1862 ; promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant April 19, 1864. 
 
 Jonathan Binlsall, Aug. 2, 1864; July 20,1864; killed in action near 
 Petersburg, Va., Oct. 22, 1864. 
 
 Gabriel Tutliill, Feb. 27, 1863 ; Feb. 8, 1863; discharged Feb. 23, 1864. 
 
 Henry P liiimsdell, Sept. 10, 1862 ; Aug. 15, 1862 ; promoted to tirst lieu- 
 tenant Feb 27, 1863. 
 
 James A. Grier, Feb. 20, 186:', ; Dec. 31, 1862; promoted to first lieuten- 
 ant Dec. 24, 1803. 
 
 Thomas Hart, Nov. 15, 1804; .Tilly 21. 1K64 ; promoted to first lieutenant 
 Feb. 18, 1866. 
 
 John W. Houston, Sept. 10, 1862; Aug. 16, 1802; promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant Dec. 17, 186i. 
 
 Ebenezer Holbeit. April 2. 1864; July 20, 1864; promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant July 15, 1804. 
 
 Thomas G. Mabie, Nov. 15, 1864 ; .Inly 26, 1864; mustered out with regi- 
 ment June 3, 1865. 
 
 Adolplius Wittenbeecber, Sept. 10, 1802; Aug. 19, 1862; dismissed March 
 19, 1863, 
 
 Theodore M. Uolierson. May 20, 1863 ; March 6, 1863; promoted to first 
 lieutenant Dec. 17, 1863. 
 
 Woodward T. Ogden, N.>v. 15, 1864; .Inly 21, 1864 ; mustered out with 
 regiment. Tune 3, 1805. 
 
 Sylvester Lawson. March 14, 1865; March 3, 1865; mustered out with 
 regiment .Tune 3, 1805. 
 
 David Gibbs, Sept. 1". 1802 ; Aug. 20, 1862 ; resigned Feb. 25, 1863. 
 
 Wm. H. Benjamin, May 26, 1803 ; Feb. 26, 1863 ; promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant Feb. 1.8, 18(i5. 
 
 Joshua V. Cole, Feb. 18, 1865; .Ian. 1, 1865; not mustered. 
 
 Samuel W.Hotcbkiss,Sept. Ill, 1802; Aug. 20, 1862; resigned April 2,1864. 
 
 David U. Quick. Nov. 15, 1864; July 21, 1864; promoted to first lieuten- 
 ant Feb. 18, 186.5. 
 
 Lewis T. Sliultz, Feb. IS, 1865 ; Jan. 1, 1865 ; mustered out with regiment 
 June 3, 1365 
 
 Isaac M. Martin. Sept. 10. 1802 ; Aug. 20, 1862 ; promoted to first lieuten- 
 ant Dec. 20, 1802. 
 
 Milnor Bn>wn, Dec. 30. 1862 ; Dec. 30, 1862 ; killed in action at Gettys. 
 burg. Pa., .Inly 2. 1863. 
 
 Charles Stuart, Aug. 20,1803; July 2,1863; promoted to first lieutenant 
 Oct. 10, 1803. 
 
 William W. Smith, April 10, 1864; Sept. 17, 1863; not mustered. 
 
 James Finnegan, Sept. 10, 1862; .\ug. 23, 1862; promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant May 20, 1863. 
 
 Jacob Denton, May 26, 1803 ; March 7, 1803; not mustered; killed in ac 
 tion Jlay 3, 1803. 
 
 Lewis M. Wisner, Aug. 2il, 180.3 ; May 3, 1803; promoted to first lieuten- 
 ant Feb. 23, 18IVt. 
 
 John R. Hayes, Sept. 10, 1802 ; Aug. 22, 1802 ; discharged April 8, 1864. 
 
98 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Col. William Silliman was born at Canterbury, 
 Orange Co., on Oct. 18, 1837, and was the only child 
 of Rev. Jonathan Silliman, for nearly thirty years 
 pastor of the Presbyterian ('hurch of Canterbury. 
 His childhood was mostly passed in the society of his 
 parents, his weak physical constitution precluding 
 his attendance upon the schools of his day for any 
 length of time. His early education was received at 
 home. He acquired knowledge with great facility, 
 and his memory was so tenacious that what he once 
 learned he seemed never to forget. His mind was 
 inquisitive, active, and discriminating, and he was in- 
 terested in almost every branch of art and science. 
 
 When he was about fourteen years of age his father 
 purchased a farm in the neighborhood with a view of 
 
 xv->^^r = - 
 
 educating his son as an agriculturist, and two years 
 later the family took up a residence upon the farm. 
 After some time spent in agricultural pursuits Mr. 
 Silliman formed a desire to study engineering, and 
 he spent two winters in the pursuit of that branch of 
 science at the school of Rev. A. C. Roe, in Cornwall. 
 He afterwards spent a term in the normal school at 
 Montrose, Pa., and later engaged in school-teaching 
 for a time. Having finally determined to make the 
 practice of law his life-work, he entered the Yale Law 
 School at New Haven, Conn., in the fall of 1858, and 
 spent one year at that institution. The following 
 year he entered the Albany Law School, with a view 
 of admi.ssion to the bar in New York State, and con- 
 tinued a regular and diligent scholar until his gradu- 
 ation in 1860. He subsequently located at Newburgh, 
 
 where he acquired considerable reputation for his 
 knowledge of the principles of the law, and for his 
 skill in managing his causes. 
 
 It was at this time that the civil wav of ISiil broke 
 upon the country and stirred to the bottom the pa- 
 triotism of the young lilood of the North. An ardent 
 Republican, feeling a warm interest in the preserva- 
 tion of the institutions of his country, and a devotion 
 to the cause of liberty, the first gun that opened upon 
 the walls of Sumter seemed to arouse all the latent 
 fire of patriotism that burned in the bosom of young 
 Silliman, and made him eager to enter the ranks of 
 the Union army to battle for his country's rights. The 
 battle at Bull Run made him still more restless, and 
 he soon after participated with others in raising a 
 company for service under Col. Morrison in the Sec- 
 ond New York Cavalry. The work of recruiting was 
 commenced Sept. 15, 1861, and on October 9th, Mr. Sil- 
 liman went into camp with the rank of second lieu- 
 tenant. The captain of the company, James Crom- 
 well, a friend of his boyhood days, being taken ill, 
 the labor of drilling fell upon Lieut. Silliman. He 
 was very prompt and active in the performance of 
 his duty, and on Oct. 31, 1861, received a commission 
 as first lieutenant of the company. Soon after the 
 regiment entered the field, but after lying in camp for 
 several months at Washington, was disbanded, owing 
 to the reduction of the cavalry force, and the officers 
 returned home. Lieut. Silliman resumed the practice 
 of law, this time in his native village. He continued 
 his business until the President's call for three hun- 
 dred thousand volunteers, in July, 1862, when he ac- 
 cepted the adjutancy of the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth New York Volunteers, then being recruited by 
 Col. A. Van Home Ellis in Orange County. Capt. 
 Cromwell, of Company C, having been promoted to 
 be major of the regiment soon after, Adjt. Silliman 
 was made captain of that company, but continued 
 to discharge the duties of the adjutancy until the 
 regiment left for Washington, on Sept. 6, 1862. 
 
 It is not the purpose of this paper to detail all the 
 movements of the regiment to which Capt. Silliman 
 belonged, nor how at Fredericksburg, Chancellors- 
 ville, Beverly's Ford, Gettysburg, and on other bloody 
 fields its members distinguished themselves for bravery 
 and personal courage. In all the engagements in which 
 Capt. Silliman participated he manifested the courage 
 of a brave and efficient soldier, and frequently elicited 
 the warmest commendations of his superior officers. 
 Of his conduct at the battle of Chancellorsville Wey- 
 gant's " History of the New York State Volunteers" 
 says, " Capt. Silliman, conspicuous for his height, dis- 
 played great gallantry ; waving his sword above his 
 head he ever encouraged his men, and kept his eye on 
 the colors, of which he had charge, his being the color 
 company." Farther on, the same authority adds, "A 
 braver <ifficer than he showed himself to be on the 
 battle-fields of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg has 
 seldom drawn a sword." At the battle of Gettysburg 
 
ORANGE COUNTY IN THE REBELLION. 
 
 99 
 
 Capt. Silliman commaiickMl liis ivgimcut, the colonel 
 and major having been kiUed, and the lieutenant-col- 
 onel wounded. He manifested great coolness and 
 courage, and assisted by his lieutenant, James Grier, 
 virtually saved the fortunes of the day. 
 
 Ou July 22, 1863, Capt. Silliman was detailed to 
 proceed North for the drafted men who should be as- 
 signed to his regiment, and was stationed on Riker's 
 Island, near New York City. He was subsequently 
 detained by the post-commandant, because of his use- 
 fulness in organizing the new material for the army, 
 and first drilled some of the white conscripts, and 
 when the Union League of New York City began to 
 send their colored recruits to Biker's Island, he asked 
 and obtained permission to drill them. He continued 
 in this occupation until the middle of January, 1864, 
 when he was ordered back to his regiment. He re- 
 mained with the regiment until February 5th follow- 
 ing, when he received a commission as colonel of the 
 Twenty-sixth United States Colored Troops, having 
 previously passed a creditable e.xamination before tlie 
 examining board at Washington. He at once repaired 
 to New York and spent several weeks in drilling his 
 regiment. On March 18, 1864, he was married to 
 Mary L., daughter of Hugh F. Randolph, of Bloom- 
 field, N. J., and a short time later went into camp, 
 first at Annapolis, Md., and finally near Beaufort, 
 S. C. The regiment subsequently engaged in the 
 campaigns near Hilton Head, and in one engage- 
 ment, while at the head of his regiment. Col. Silli- 
 man was stricken down by sun-stroke and carried 
 from the iield. He obtained a short furlough soon 
 after ana made a visit to his home, returning to his 
 command on Aug. 18, 1864. He participated in the 
 further movements of the army in South Carolina, a 
 part of the time in command at Beaufort, and ever 
 performing the part of a gallant and true soldier, 
 until Dec. 9, 1864, when he received a severe wound 
 in the thigh while commanding the attacking brigade 
 dispatched to cut the Charleston and Savannah Rail- 
 road near Pocotaligo. He was carried to the rear, 
 his leg amputated, and was finally removed to Beau- 
 fort, where he soon after died from the effects of his 
 wound. His young wife was near him to the last, 
 and as the strong soldier bade adieu to life a smile of 
 triumph illumined his face, and he passed quietly 
 away to join the shadowy army of heroes who had pre- 
 ceded him to the j)eaeeful realms of the far beyond. 
 
 It is the record of this young soldier that he per- 
 formed his duty ; his glory belongs to the Republic, in 
 whose service he died and in whose story he must 
 ever live. His death caused great grief in his regi- 
 ment, so highly did his men appreciate all that he 
 had done in their behalf. His remains were accorded 
 military honors in the field, and were finally brought 
 North and, in accordance with the wishes of his 
 widow, interred at Bloorafield, N. J., where a simple 
 white monument marks the last resting-jilace of a 
 mother's gift to her country. His aged and afflicted 
 
 parents still live to mourn the loss of an only child, 
 the hoped-for comfort of their declining years, and a 
 faithfiil wife still mourns in solitude the loss of a 
 kind and dear liusband. 
 
 The following extracts are made from a letter written 
 to his widow on March 14, 1865, by Brevet Maj.-Gen. 
 Rufus Saxton, under whom he served at the time of 
 his death : 
 
 " During nearly the whole of his service in this 
 department as colonel of the Twenty-sixth United 
 States Colored Troops he served with me and under 
 my command. I loved him very dearly as a friend, 
 companion, and counselor, honored him as a brave, 
 skillful, and accomplished soldier, and sorrowed 
 deeply for his loss. He was one of those gifted men 
 who are equal to any position they may be called to 
 fill. He was one of the most efficient colonels I have 
 ever known in service, as the bearing and deeds of his 
 splendid regiment have ever borne evidence. His acts 
 bear witness to his faith in God and humanity, and 
 that black muster-roll which he headed in her cause 
 shall be to him a crown of glory. I have seen him 
 in battle when the danger was most imminent, and 
 he ever seemed as collected as if upon ordinary duty. 
 He fell at his post in action, with his face to the foe, 
 bravely battling for the freedom and country that he 
 loved, and soon another hero had gone. Of all that 
 long muster-roll of heroes whose lives this war has 
 cost the nation, there was no braver, truer, or more 
 worthy one than Col. William Silliman. A grateful 
 country should cherish his memory, for he served her 
 faithfully and honorably, and at last gave up his noble 
 life to her cause." 
 
 SEVENTY-FIRST MILITIA— CO. I. 
 
 Company I, Seventy-first Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., 
 was recruited in Newburgh, principally from Company 
 L, Nineteenth Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., between the 
 20th and 31st of May, 1861, by Capt. A. V. H. Ellis. 
 There was, of course, the usual red-tape connected 
 with the organization. Col. Brown, of the Nineteenth, 
 readily gave his consent, but Governor Morgan refused 
 to permit the company to leave the State. Capt. Ellis 
 thereupon took the company on his own responsibility 
 to New York. Col. Vosburgh, of the Seventy-first, 
 with whom Capt. Ellis had made his arrangements, 
 having died, it was for some days a matter of doubt 
 whether the company would be accepted. The com- 
 pany was furnished transportation to Washington, 
 however, and after its arrival, through the efibrts of 
 Secretary Seward, it was accepted, and mustered in 
 the service for three months. After being stationed 
 at the navy-yard at Washington until June 28th, it 
 was sent with Company F, of same regiment, to 
 Chapel Point and Port Tobacco, but returned without 
 encountering the enemy. The company had in the 
 mean time been furnished with U. S. rifles. Harper's 
 Ferry, 1850, pattern. Left navy-yard July 16th, ar- 
 rived in Washington, and was brigaded with the First 
 
100 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 and Second Rhode Island Infantry, Second Rhode 
 Island Battery, and Second New Hampshire Infantry, 
 under Col. Burnside. The company was placed in 
 charge of two twelve-pound boat howitzers, July 4th. 
 To these guns prolongs were attached, and they were 
 drawn all the way by hand (twenty men to each) to 
 Bull Run battle-field, and eight miles on the return 
 march. Crossed Long Bridge July 16th, and reached 
 Ball's Cross-Roads ; on the 17th reached Fairfax Court- 
 House ; 18th, reached Centreville ; arrived on Bull 
 Run battle-field at 11 a.m. on the 21st, and entered 
 action supported by Second Rhode Island Battery and 
 Seventy-first Infantry ; fired 232 shots (shrapnel and 
 canister) ; drew out of the conflict on order at 3 p.m. 
 with the loss of one man killed, private Samuel 0. 
 Bond; two wounded, James C. Taggart and John W. 
 R. Mould, the latter taken prisoner. At 5 p.m. ordered 
 to leave the field; reached Centreville at 10 p.m., and 
 marched thence for Washington. Left Washington 
 for New York July 24th, with rifles; arrived at New- 
 burgh 27th, and mustered out on the 30th. The offi- 
 cers of the company on this service were: 
 
 A. Van Home Ellis, cajitain ; George W. Hawkins, 
 second lieutenant; Wm. H. Garrison, second sergeant; 
 John McMeekin, third sergeant; James D. Hamilton, 
 fourth sergeant ; Charles Decker, first corporal ; Mar- 
 shal M. Van Zile, second corporal ; Henry F. Travis, 
 third sergeant; Thomas Riley, fourth sergeant. 
 
 May 28, 1862, the company was again recruited, only 
 seven hours being required for the purpose. Its period 
 of service was again three months, spent on guard duty 
 in and around Washington. The officers were: 
 
 A. Van Home Ellis, captain ; Wm. H. Garrison, 
 first lieutenant; James C. Taggart, second lieutenant; 
 John W. Forsyth, first sergeant; Henry F. Travis, 
 second sergeant; John McMeekin, third sergeant; 
 Jas. B. Montgomery, fourth sergeant; Thos. Riley, 
 fifth sergeant ; Robert Acheson, David M. DeWitt, 
 Wm. M. Verplanck, Edward J. Hall, corporals. 
 
 Capt. Ellis resigned, and came home to organize a 
 regiment in 1862, when Garrison was promoted cap- 
 tain ; Taggart, first lieutenant; Acheson, second lieu- 
 tenant, and Edwin J. Marsh, corporal. 
 
 One of the most remarkable features in the history | 
 of the company was the large number of officers and 
 privates who went from it to more extended terms of 
 service. Capt. Ellis became colonel of One Hundred 
 and Twenty-fourth; Travis, captain One Hundred 
 and Twenty-fourth ; Richard M. and Frank Hines, 
 captains in Fifty-sixth ; Chas. B. Wood, captain One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth ; James A. Grier, lieu- 
 tenant One Hundred and Twenty-fourth ; B. F. Cham- 
 berlain, major First Virginia Cavalry ; Van Zile, cap- 
 tain One Hundred and Sixty-eighth ; Geo. C. Morton, 
 captain Ira Harris Cavalry. But the list is too long 
 for further repetition. The enthusiasm of its mem- 
 bers continued from May, 1861, to the close of the 
 war, quenched only in many by an honored death on : 
 the field of battle. I 
 
 NINETEENTH REGIMENT MILITIA— ONE HUNDRED 
 AND SIXTY-SIXTH REGIMENT— ONE HUNDRED 
 AND SIXTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT— ONE HUNDRED 
 AND SEVENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 
 
 On the 26th May, 1862, Col. William R. Brown, 
 commanding the Nineteenth Regiment Militia, re- 
 ceived orders to march with his regiment to Washing- 
 ton, D. C. Many of the members having previously 
 enlisted in volunteer regiments, it was found necessary 
 to recruit the ranks of the regiment, which was done, 
 and the regiment left Newburgh for the seat of war 
 on the 4th of June, by way of Jersey City, Philadel- 
 phia, and Baltimore. On its arrival in Baltimore 
 (June 6th) the regiment was ordered to Mount Clare. 
 The next day orders were received to proceed to Stu- 
 art's Hill, and to establish a camp at that place on 
 the grounds previously occupied by the Seventh N. 
 G. S. N. Y. The regiment remained here until the 
 2d of July, when orders were received from Maj.-Gen. 
 Wool for two companies to proceed to Fort McHenry, 
 and the remainder to go to Fort Marshall. On the 
 14th of July four companies were ordered from Fort 
 Marshall to Fort Delaware, where they remained 
 until the 10th of August, when they returned to Fort 
 Marshall. Orders were then received for the compa- 
 nies at Fort Marshall to proceed to Havre de Grace, 
 Md., for the purpose of guarding the railroad from 
 that place to Baltimore. On the 28th of August the 
 companies at Fort McHenry were ordered to report to 
 Col. Brown, when the whole regiment jiroceeded to 
 New4)urgh, where it arrived on the 30th of August, 
 and was mustered out of the service of the United 
 States on the 6th of September. The oflicers were: 
 
 Field and Staff. — William R. Brown, colonel ; James 
 Low, lieutenant-colonel ; David Jagger, major ; George 
 Waller, quartermaster; Wm. M. Hathaway, adjutant. 
 
 While in the field the officers of the regiment learned 
 that the quota of the county under the July call had 
 not been filled, and that nine months' meu would be 
 accepted. On the 14th of August Col. Brown left 
 Havre de Grace and proceeded to Albany, and there 
 tendered to Governor Morgan the services of the regi- 
 ment for nine months. It was not accepted. On the 
 arrival of the regiment at Newburgh (August 30th) 
 the tender was renewed and again refused. On the 
 17th of September Col. Brown made a third tender, 
 which was formally accepted on the 18th. In the 
 mean time Governor Morgan gave an acceptance and 
 an authorization to Isaac Wood, Jr., of Newburgh, to 
 raise a regiment — to be known as the One Huudred 
 and Sixty-sixth — for three years' service. Thus au- 
 thorizations were given for the raising of two regiments 
 in the same district, — one under Col. Wood for three 
 years, and one under Col. Brown for nine months. Col. 
 Wood and his friends thinking that he could meet 
 with better success if the term of his regiment was 
 reduced to nine months, made application to the Gov- 
 ernor and received an order to that eflect, which still 
 further complicated the situation and made the rivalry 
 
ORANGE COUNTY IN THE REBELLION. 
 
 101 
 
 more complete. It soon became evident that both 
 could not succeed, and Col. Wood, after recruiting two 
 hundred and seventy-two men, abandoned the field, 
 and his volunteers were consolidated with the " Iron- 1 
 sides," or One Hundred and Seventy-sixth Regiment, 
 and mustered into the service of the United States at 
 New York City, Nov. 20, 1862. 
 
 Recruiting for the One Hundred and Sixty-eighth 
 began Sept. 18, 1802, and ended Feb. 11, 1863. In 
 December, 1862, it barely escaped consolidation with 
 some other regiment, and but for a change in the 
 State administration would never have taken the field. 
 The regiment left Camp Sprague, at Newburgli, Feb. 
 2, 1863, with seven hundred and fifty men, and left 
 Park Barracks, New York, Feb. 18, 1863, with eight 
 hundred and thirty-five men. It reached Yorktown, 
 Va., February 18th, where it was assigned to the 
 Fourth Army Corps, Maj.-Gen. Keyes ; Gen. Richard 
 Busteed's brigade ; Second Division, Gen. Rufus 
 King. It remained at Yorktown on garrison and 
 provost duty during nearly the full term of its ser- 
 vice. In June one hundred and forty men under 
 Capt. Daniel Torbush, in company with detach- 
 ments from other regiments, proceeded on a gun- 
 boat uj) the York River to West Point, and from 
 thence to the Mattapony River, and landed at Walker- 
 town, where the detachment from the One Hundred 
 and Sixty-eighth was ordered to a position on the 
 Richmond road and ordered to hold it under any 
 circumstances, while the remainder of the force went 
 in another direction. As anticipated, the detach- 
 ment was attacked by a company of cavalry and 
 infantry, who were repulsed with a loss of fourteen 
 killed. The detachment lost one killed (William 
 S. Avery, of Co. A), five wounded, and two taken 
 prisoners. The other portion of the expedition did not 
 meet the enemy, but having accomplished the object 
 in view, the whole party returned to Yorktown. 
 
 On the 26th September as part of the Second Bri- 
 gade, Second Division, Eleventh Army Corps, the 
 regiment was placed era route for Chattanooga ; reached 
 Bridgeport, Ala., where it remained on picket and 
 guard duty until October 14th, when it left Bridge- 
 port en route for Newburgli, where it arrived on the 
 20th, and was mustered out on the 31st. The casual- 
 ties of the regiment were as follows : 
 
 Killed in Imttle 1 
 
 Dieil of sicliuess 18 
 
 Discharged for disability 15 
 
 " by civil authority 2 
 
 " " court-martial 1 
 
 Resigned 1 
 
 Taken prisoners 13 
 
 Deserters 184 
 
 Mustered out 600 
 
 Total 835 
 
 The large number of desertere was accounted for by 
 the fact that many claimed that their period of enlist- 
 ment had expired. Many of the men were in camp 
 and field duties nearly or quite one year, and some 
 for a longer time. 
 
 Following is the roll of commissioned officers, from 
 
 the adjutant-general's report of 1868, the date of com- 
 mission being first given, followed by the date of rank : 
 
 Colonel. 
 Wm. R. Brown, March 17, 1863 ; Feb. 11, 18Ca ; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Lieittenntit-ColoneU. 
 James Low, Feb. 2, 1863 ; Nov. 26, 1862; resigned Aug. 27, 1863. 
 James C. Rennison, Nov. 3, 1803 ; Aug. 27, 1863 ; not must, as lieut.-col. 
 
 Majors. 
 George Waller, Feb. 2, 1863 ; Jan. 12, 1863; dismissed June 9, 1863. 
 James C. Rennison, Nov. 3, 1863 ; June 9, 1863 ; not mustered a.s major. 
 Daniel Torbush, Nov. 3, 1863 ; Aug. :i7, 1863 ; not mustered as major. 
 
 .idjutittlt. 
 Wm. M. Hathway, Feb. 2, 1863; Sept. 29, 1862 ; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Quartermasters. 
 
 Jas. H. Andei"son, July 1, 1863 ; mustered out with regiment Oct.31, 1863. 
 George C. Spencei', Feb. 2, 1863 ; Sept. 27, 1862 ; mustered out at expi- 
 ration of term of service July 1, 18G3. 
 
 Sttrgeon. 
 Jacob M. Leighton, mustered out with regiment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Assistattt Surgeon. 
 Edward B. Root, April 30, 1863 ; April 17, 18G3 ; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Chajilain. 
 
 E. Howard Wallace, March 17, 18(j3; Feb. 11, 1863; mustered out with 
 regiment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Ctiptuiiis. 
 
 William H. Terwilliger, Feb. 2,1863; Jan. 9, 1863; mustered out with 
 regiment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Daniel Torbush, Feb. 2, 1863 ; Dec. 2, 1862 ; mustered out with regiment 
 Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 James H. Anderson, Feb. 2, 1863 ; Jan. 20, 1863 ; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Isaac Jenkin,son, Feb. 2, 1863; Jan. 20, 1863 ; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Bennett Gilbert, Feb. 2, 1863 ; Nov. 14, 1862; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 George McCleary, Feb. 2, 1803; Dec. 22, 1862 ; mustered out witli regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1803. 
 
 Samuel Hunter, Feb. 2, 1863 ; Jan. 12, 1862; mustered out with regiment 
 Oct. 31, 1S63. 
 
 John D. Wood, Feb. 2, 1863 ; Jan. 21, 1862; mustered out with regiment 
 Oct. 31, 1863 (brevet major N.Y.V.). 
 
 James C. Rennison, Feb. 2, 1803 ; Nov. 20, 1 862 ; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Myron A. Tapi>an, April 27, 1863 ; Feb. 11, 1S63 ; resigned June 3, 1863. 
 
 Marshal Van Zile, Sept. 14,1863; July 1,1803; must, out with regiment 
 
 Oct. 31, 1803. 
 
 First Lieutetiants. 
 
 Nathan Hubbard, Feb. 2, 1863 ; Jan. 9, 1863; mustered out with regiment 
 Oct. 31, 1803. 
 
 Oliver Taylor, Feb. 2, 1863; Oct. 25, 1862 ; mustered out with regiment 
 Oct. 31,1863. 
 
 Jacob K. K. Oakley, Feb. 2, 1863; Nov. 25, 1862; mustered out with reg- 
 iment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Archibald Ferguson, Feb. 2, 1863; Nov. 25, 1862; mustered out with 
 regiment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 James H. Searles, Feb. 2, 1863; Nov. 14, 1862; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1803. 
 
 Lawrence Brennan, Feb. 2, 1803 ; Nov. 3, 1862 ; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 James T. Chase, Feb. 2, 1863; Jan. 12,1863; mustered out with regiment 
 Oct.31, 1863. 
 
 DeWitt C. Wilkin, Feb. 2, 1863; Jan. 21, 1863; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Wm. D. Dickey, Feb. 2, 1863; Nov. 26, 1862; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Marshal Van Tile, April 27,1863; Feb. 11, 1863; promoted to captain 
 Sept. 14, 1863. 
 
 George R. Brainsted, Sept. 14,1803; July 1, 1863; mustered out witii 
 regiment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
102 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Thomas P. Temilllger, Feb. 2, 1863; Jan, 9, 1863; must, out with regi- 
 ment Oct. .■11, 1863. 
 
 Isaac N. Morehouse, Feb. 2, 1863 ; Nov. 17, 1862 ; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 James H. Andereon, Feb. 2, 1863; Jan. 20, 1863; promoted to quarter- 
 master July 1, 1863. 
 
 George C. Marvin, Feb. 2, 1863 ; Jan. 20, 1863 ; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Andrew J. Gilbert, Feb. 2, 1863 ; Nov. 14, 18B2 ; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Samuel C. Wilson, Feb. 2, 1863; Nov. 20, 1862; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Peter Terwilliger, Fob. 2, 1S03; Jan. 12, 1863; mustered out with regi- 
 ment Oct. 31, 18G3. 
 
 George W. Ilenniun, Feb. 2, 1863 : Jan. 21, 1863 ; died Sept. 21, 1863, at 
 Manassas Junction. Va. 
 
 Daniel Low, Jr., Feb. 2, 1863 ; Nov. 26, 1862 ; mustered out with legiment 
 Oct. 31,1863. • 
 
 George R. Brainsted, April 27, 1863 ; Feb. 11, 1863 ; promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant Sept. 14, 1863. 
 
 Bartley Bi-own, Sept. 14, 1863 ; July 1, 1863; mustered out with regiment 
 Oct. 31, 18G3. 
 
 Lester Genung, ; Julyl,lH63; mustered out with regiment Oct. 31, 
 
 1S63. 
 
 The records of the three regiments (One Hundred 
 and Sixty-sixth, One Hundred and Sixty-eighth, and 
 One Hundred and Seventy-sixth) are made more com- 
 plete by adding that the One Hundred and Seventy- 
 sixth was sent to the Department of the Gulf as part 
 of the Nineteenth Corps, and participated in the Red 
 River campaign in 1864 ; subsequently in Gen. Sheri- 
 dan's campaign in the Shenandoah Valley, Va., in 
 the summer and fall of the same year, and in Georgia 
 and North Carolina in the winter and spring of 1865. 
 Its nine months' men were mustered out in Novem- 
 ber, 1863, and the regiment finally April 27, 1866, 
 having been kept in the field by its three years' men 
 and drafted men and substitutes. A considerable 
 percentage of the Orange County men were for three 
 years. T. Henry Edsall, of Goshen, adjutant, was 
 mustered out in November, 1863, but, with his com- 
 rades from the county, had some rough experiences in 
 Louisiana. A letter of June 26, 1863, states that 
 after remaining at Brashear City for a month, the 
 regiment was sent to Thibodeaux, where it was at- 
 tacked by a force of cavalry, and lost ten killed and 
 twenty wounded. They had the satisfaction of rout- 
 ing the enemy (the Second Texas) and capturing 
 thirty prisoners. The day succeeding this action 
 {June 23d), learning of the approach of a vastly supe- 
 rior force of the enemy, the regiment fell back to 
 Brashear City, retreated from that place, and barely 
 escaped to New Orleans without annihilation, one 
 hundred and forty men only reaching the point of 
 safety, the remainder having been taken prisoners. 
 The casualties in Company D at Thibodeaux were 
 Nelson Smith, corporal, of Chester, mortally wounded 
 and taken prisoner ; J. E. Redner, private, of Chester, 
 wounded through the wrist ; William H. H. Hall, of 
 Chester, wounded and taken prisoner; George Slau- 
 son, of Monroe, wounded and taken prisoner ; S. K. 
 Wood, sergeant, of Newburgh, accidentally wounded 
 in jaw. 
 
 As in other cases, the names of the volunteers in 
 the regiments named will be found in the town lists. 
 In the official roster we recognize the names of the 
 following officers : 
 
 T. Henry Edsall, adjutant, Dec. 18, 1862; mustered out by expiration of 
 
 tei-ni Nov. 16, 1863. 
 Spragne K. Wood, sergeant ; promoted second lieutenant Dec. 21, 1863 ; 
 
 tilflt lieutenant, April 13, 1865; captain. May 29,186.5; mustered 
 
 out with regiment April 27, 1866. 
 Joseph Guodsell, second lieutenant, Dec. 19, 1862 ; first lieutenant, Sept. 
 
 29, 1863 ; captain, Feb. 23, 1864 ; dismissed June 22, 1864 ; disability 
 
 removed Jan. 17, 1865 ; resigned. 
 
 FIRST MOUNTED RIFLES— CO. C. 
 
 This company, known locally as the " Middletown 
 Cavalry," was recruited by Morris I. McCornal, at 
 Middletown, as part of Col. Van Wyck's "Tenth 
 Legion," in the autumn of 1861. It was detached from 
 the Legion and mustered as Co. C, First Mounted 
 Rifles, with ninety-five men. The officers were : Morris 
 I. McCornal, captain ; Charles F. Allen, first lieu- 
 tenant ; Arthur Hagen, second lieutenant ; Ardice 
 Robbins, orderly sergeant ; C. R. Smith, (Uiartermaster 
 sergeant. The company served its term of three years, 
 and quite a number of its men re-enlisted. Lieuts. 
 Allen and Smith resigned, and died in civil life since 
 the war. Quartermaster-Sergeant Smith was promoted 
 lieutenant, as were Sergts. James Eaton, Frank Mills, 
 and Fred. Penney. Capt. McCornal resigned in 1862, 
 and re-entered service in Fifteenth Cavalry in 1863. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT C.4VALRY (HARRIS LltillT). 
 
 This regiment was organized at New York City to 
 serve three years. The companies of which it was 
 composed were raised in the counties of New York, 
 Queens, Rensselaer, Washington, and Orange, in this 
 State, and the regiment also included two companies 
 from Connecticut and two from Indiana. The vol- 
 unteers from Orange were mainly in Company B, of 
 which Charles E. Morton, of New Windsor, was first 
 lieutenant. 
 
 It was mustered into the United States service from 
 Aug. 9, 1861, to Oct. 8, 1861. The original members 
 were mustered out Sept. 10, 1864, and the veterans 
 and recruits organized into four companies. During 
 the months of September and October, 1864, eight 
 new companies were raised in the central part of the 
 State to serve one year. The regiment was mustered 
 out June 5, 1865. 
 
 The regiment was first known as the Seventh 
 (Harris Light) New York State Volunteers, and was 
 changed to Second Regiment (Harris Light) Cavalry, 
 New York Volunteers, Dec. 31, 1862. Alanson M. 
 Randall, U.S.A., was colonel of the regiment from 
 November, 1864, to muster out in 1865. He was a 
 native of Newburgh. 
 
 The names of those from Orange County who be- 
 longed to this regiment may be found to some extent 
 in the soldiers' lists at the close of the chapters upon 
 the several towns. 
 
ORANGE COUNTY IN THE IIEBELLION. 
 
 103 
 
 FIFTEENTH CAVALRY. 
 
 This regiment received some of its members from 
 Orange County, but was largely from other parts of 
 the State, the list of counties represented comprising 
 Onondaga, Ontario, Orange, Oneida, Chatauqua, Cat- 
 taraugus, Genesee, Tompkins, and Erie. It was mus- 
 tered into the service of the United States from Aug. 
 8, 1863, to Jan. 14, 1864. It was consolidated with 
 the Sixth New York Cavalry June 17,. 1865, and the 
 consolidated force was designated the Second New 
 York Provisional Cavalry. 
 
 Recruits were obtained for the regiment in the fall 
 and winter of 1863-64 by Capt. Morris I. McCornal, 
 of Middletown, who had recruited the Middletown 
 Cavalry, in 1861, for the Tenth Legion, and which 
 was made a company of the First Mounted Rifles ; 
 and also by Lieut. Charles H. Lyon, of Newburgh. 
 McCornal was first lieutenant, Jan. 6, 1864 ; captain, 
 Nov. 9, 1864; discharged by consolidation, June 17, 
 1865. Lyon was first lieutenant, Jan. 6, 1864; pro- 
 moted adjutant, June 7, 1865, but not mustered ; dis- 
 charged by consolidation, June 17, 1865. For names 
 of volunteers see town lists. 
 
 FIFTEENTH HEAVY ARTILLERY— CO. M. 
 
 This company was recruited in the winter of 1863 
 -64. mainly 'in Orange County. It was mustered into 
 service at Fort Lyon, Va., Feb. 3, 1864, with the fol- 
 lowing officers: William D. Dickey, of Newburgh, 
 captain ; Alfred Newbatt and Julius Niebergall, first 
 lieutenants ; John Ritchie and Robert B. Keeler, of 
 Newburgh, second lieutenants. It remained in Fort 
 Lyon until March 27th, when it was ordered to Brandy 
 Station, reported to the commanding officer of the 
 Army of the Potomac, and was assigned to duty in 
 the Artillery Reserve. The regiment was brigaded 
 with the Sixth Heavy Artillery. They moved with 
 the army on the 4th of May, acting as guard for the 
 ammunition train until JJay 5th,— just one day, — when 
 the regiment volunteered to "go in," and accordingly 
 on the 6th it " went in," and participated in the 
 battles of the 6th and 7th. 
 
 At this time the brigade was made a flying column, 
 for the purpose of reinforcing any part of the 
 line needing! assistance. In this capacity it passed 
 through the sanguinary battles around Spottsylvania, 
 at Laurel Hill, Todd's Tavern, and Haines' Tavern, 
 and for its gallant conduct in this last engagement 
 was complimented by Gen. Meade in a general order. 
 At the crossing of the North Anna River the regi- 
 ment, though not actually engaged, yet sustained 
 a very heavy fire, and lost severely in killed and 
 wounded. At Bethesda Church and Tolopotomy 
 Creek it was engaged, and its numbers were here 
 again greatly reduced. 
 
 While near pold Harbor the brigade was perma- 
 nently attached to the Fifth Corps, and led the ad- 
 vance of the army until the Chickahominy was 
 crossed, and then acted as rear-guard from that river 
 
 until the James River was reached. On June 17th it 
 arrived in front of Petersburg, and took part in the 
 numerous engagements which occurred near that city. 
 On the 15th of August Capt. Dickey was placed in 
 command of the Third Battalion, its commanding 
 oflicer being incapacitated by sickness, and the com- 
 mand of Company M fell upon Lieut. Ritchie, who 
 led it through the bloody engagements that took place 
 in the struggle for the possession of the Weldon 
 Railroad, in one of which the company lost one-third 
 of its men in killed and wounded. The regiment 
 was again com])liniented by Gen. Meade for gallant 
 conduct. The following are some of the engagements 
 in which Company M specially participated : Peebles' 
 Farm, or Poplar Spring, Chapel House, Hatcher's 
 Run, the famous raid down the Weldon Railroad, 
 Dabney's Mill, etc. The loss of the company in 
 killed, wounded, and prisoners in their year of service 
 was three officers and ninety-five men, — over half 
 their number. It was mustered out in July, 1865. 
 
 The following promotions of members of Company 
 M were made, viz. : Capt. William D. Dickey, to be 
 major ; Second Lieuts. Keeler and Ritchie, to be first 
 lieutenants ; Sergts. Joseph M. Dickey and Riemann, 
 to be second lieutenants. 
 
 SEVENTH INDEPENDENT BATTERY. 
 
 The Seventh Independent Battery was recruited by 
 Capt. Peter C. Regan as a part of the " Tenth Legion." 
 It left Newburgh with the Legion on the 7th of No- 
 vember, 1861 ; arrived in Washington on the 11th; 
 was organized as an independent battery Jan. 10, 
 1862, and assigned to Casey's division, subsequently 
 Peck's division, and afterwards to the Seventh Corps. 
 When the Eighteenth Corps was organized the bat- 
 tery wiis included in it as part of the Second Division. 
 It served also a short time in the Tenth Corps at Ber- 
 muda Hundred. When mustered out it formed part 
 of the artillery brigade of the Twenty-fourth Corps. 
 
 The battery participated in the siege of Yorktown, 
 battles of Williamsburg, Savage's Station,, Fair Oaks, 
 and Malvern Hill ; sustained the fire of a rebel bat- 
 tery at Harrison's Landing ; was engaged in the siege 
 of Suffolk, at Bermuda Hundred, and in action at 
 Petersburg, Dutch Gap, Fort Harrison, Hatcher's 
 Run, and Port Walthal. It was on garrison duty at 
 Norfolk eighteen months; also at Fort Drewry, Man- 
 chester, and Suffolk, and in the investment of Peters- 
 burg and Richmond. Its first active service was on 
 the 24th of May, 1862, near Seven Pines, where it was 
 engaged with the batteries of the Washington (New 
 Orleans) Artillery, and lost one man wounded, and 
 one horse killed. The enemy were exposed, and lost 
 a considerable number in killed and wounded. At 
 Fair Oaks, May 31st, after Casey's division had been 
 engaged and driven back, and after Battery A, First 
 N. Y. Artillery, had lost all its guns, and another bat- 
 tery two guns, the Seventh was brought up and held 
 the road for more than an hour without support. 
 
104 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Here it had ten men killed and wounded, and thirty- 
 seven horses killed, and lost a battery-wagon, forge 
 and one caisson, but recovered them the next day. 
 
 The battery was three times recruited by transfers 
 from other organizations, veteran re-enlistnients, and 
 new recruits, and maintained an lionorable record 
 until the war closed. It was mustered out .July 22, 
 1865. Its members from Orange County will be found 
 in the town lists. The official roll of its commissioned j 
 officers is as follows, the first date given being that ! 
 of commission, followed by the date of rank : 
 
 Ctiptain. 
 Peter C. Regan, Jan. 10, 18G2 ; Oct. 1, 1861 ; mastered out with battery 
 
 July 22, 1866. 
 
 First Lieuteiitints. 
 
 Eugene Sheibner, Jan. 10, 1802; Nov. LI, 1861 ; resigned June 26, 1862. 
 
 Ahram Kniffin, Dec. :iO, 1862 : Nov. 1, 1862 ; mustered out on expiration 
 of service Oct. 20, 1864. 
 
 Martin V. Mclntyre, June U, 1862; Feb. 14, 1862; mustered out with 
 battery July 22, 1S05. 
 
 John S. Bennett, enlisted .\ug. 15, 1861 ; served two years; re-enlisted 
 Oct. 23, 1863; promoted to first sergeant May 1, 1864; first lieu- 
 tenant, Jan. 9, 1865 ; mustered out with battery July 22, 1865. 
 
 Second LietUenayiU. 
 
 Abram Knifiin, Jan. 10, 1862; Oct. 1, 1861; promoted to first lieutenant 
 Dec. 30, 1862. 
 
 Charles S. Harvell, Dec. 30, 1862 ; Nov. 1, 1862 ; mustered out on the ex- 
 piration of liis term of service Jan. 19, 1865. 
 
 Abram Smith, March 14, 1805; Feb. 25, 1865; mustered out with battery 
 July 22, 1865. 
 
 ■William H. Lee, Jan. 10, 1862 ; Oct. 2, 1801 ; resigned May 14, 1862. 
 
 Edward Kelly, June 20, 1863; March 1, 1863 ; dismissed April 18, 1865. 
 
 John B. Broseu, Jr., Dec. 29, 1864; Dec. 1,1864; mustered out with bat- 
 tery July 22, 1865. 
 
 FTRST REGIMENT OF ENGINEERS. 
 
 This regiment, known as Serrell's, was organized in 
 New York City to serve three years. It was mus- 
 tered into the service of the United States from Sept. 
 10, 1801, to Feb. 12, 1862. The original members, 
 except veterans, were mustered out by detachments 
 on the expiration of their terms of service, and the 
 regiment, composed of veterans and recruits, retained 
 in service until June 30, 1865, when it was mustered 
 out in accordance with the orders of the War Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 This was a large and important regiment in a neces- 
 sary department of the service. It is said to have 
 had from three hundred to four hundred men from 
 Orange County. Some of their names may be found 
 in the lists accompanying the chapters upon the 
 several towns. 
 
 NINETY-EIGHTH REGIMENT— CO. C. 
 
 Company C, Ninety-eighth Regiment of infantry, 
 was recruited mainly in Newburgh, in the winter of 
 1863-64, by Capt. James H. Anderson and Lieut. J. 
 K. R. Oakley, then recently returned from a terra of 
 service in the One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Regi- 
 ment. Lieut.-Col. Wead, then commanding the 
 Ninety-eighth, proposed that a person should be se- 
 lected for second lieutenant and a full company raised. 
 Josepli A. Sneed, formerly of Company B, Third New 
 York Infantry, was accordingly selected for second 
 
 lieutenant, and early in February, 1864, over eighty 
 men reported for duty at Riker's Island. 
 
 On arriving at the rendezvous of the regiment, 
 however, a difficulty arose. Col. Wead had intended 
 to consolidate his smaller companies to make room 
 for the new ones. To do this it was necessary to pro- 
 cure an order from department headquarters. This 
 order he was unable to obtain in time to take the field, 
 and hence sixty of the Orange County recruits were 
 assigned to Company C, making, with the thirty-five 
 already in the company, ninety-five men, under com- 
 mand of Capt. Anderson and Li cuts. Oakley and 
 Sneed, and twenty-four men were assigned to Com- 
 pany I, Capt. E. M. Allen. 
 
 The subsequent history of the company is, of course, 
 blended with that of the regiment. At Drury's Bluff 
 the regiment saved, by its coolness and firmness, the 
 right wing of Gen. Butler's army from a very dan- 
 gerous flank attack, which had already demoralized 
 one brigade; at Cold Harbor, from June 1st to 12th, 
 it was constantly under fire, and in the cliarges of the 
 1st and 3d lost over one hundred men in killed and 
 wounded. At Petersburg, June 1.5th, it charged and 
 cajjtured the outer line of works defending that city, 
 and from that time until August was almost constantly 
 under fire. The colors of the regiment were the first 
 to be planted on Fort Harrison, September 29th, and 
 it was the first regiment to enter Richmond after the 
 evacuation by Lee's army, April 3, 1865. After the 
 surrender it was on post and garrison duty at Rich- 
 mond, Manchester, Burkesville, Danville, and other 
 points in Virginia, until the 31st of August, when it 
 was mustered out of service at Richmond. 
 
 Out of the eighty-four men who went out with Capt. 
 Anderson, thirteen were killed or died of wounds re- 
 ceived in action, twenty-three were wounded, more 
 or less severely, and five died of disease contracted in 
 the service. Capt. Anderson resigned, and was hon- 
 orably discharged in September, 1864, on account of 
 physical disability. Lieut. Sneed, having sufi'ered some 
 months from fever, resigned in January, 1865. From 
 May 24th until November 19th the company was 
 under command of Lieut. Oakley. He was then ap- 
 pointed adjutant, and the command fell upon Orderly 
 Sergt. Clark B. Colwell, who, on the 2d of December, 
 received a commission as first lieutenant, — a well- 
 earned promotion, and one that gave the greatest satis- 
 faction. Lieut. Oakley was commissioned captain at 
 the same time, but, preferring the position of adju- 
 tant, did not muster. 
 
 The personal record of a very large percentage of 
 the officers and privates of the volunteers under Capt. 
 Ander.son will be found in the Newburgh list. 
 
 MONEYS EXPENDED BY THE TOWNS AND BY THE 
 COUNTY FOR WAR PURPOSES. 
 
 The following is an abstract of reports from super- 
 visors of towns and treasurer of county, showing 
 amount of monevs received for bounties and war ex- 
 
COMMERCIAL HISTORY. 
 
 105 
 
 penses, and from what sources received, in the years 
 1862, 1863, 1864, and 1865. 
 
 Blooming-Grove.— From town taxes 1864, $10,000; 
 1865, .^9900; from town loans 1868, 131,000; from 
 State, through paymaster-general, $10,000; total, 
 $60,900. 
 
 Chester.— From town taxes 1864, $7916.26; 1865, 
 $9009.88; from town loans 1863, $4200; 1864, $21,200; 
 from State (bonds), $11,866.53; total, $54,192.67. 
 
 Cornwall.— From town taxes, 1864, $69,200; total, 
 $69,200. 
 
 Crawford.— From town taxes 1864, $7901.75; 1865, 
 $18,258.02 ; from town loans 1864, $27,812.62 ; 1865, 
 $15,992.50; from State, cash $700, State bonds 
 $13,000; interest on State bonds, $487.25; miscella- 
 neous, $85; total, $84,187.12. 
 
 Deerpark.— From town taxes 1864, $19,465.50; 
 1865, at one time $24,092.39, at another $25,573.94; 
 from town loans 1864, $146,950 ; from State, cash 
 $26,900; total, $242,981.83. • 
 
 Goshen. — From town taxes 18G5, at one time 
 $111.12, at another $9923.43; from town loans 1864, 
 $40,09(; ; 1865, $2800 ; from State, cash $4450, State 
 bonds $25,000, interest on State bonds $782.50, other 
 sources $70 ; total, $83,233.05. 
 
 Greenville.— From town taxes 1864, $4010.89 ; 1865, 
 $6822.45; from town loans 1864, $25,159; 1865, 
 $8132.50; from State, cash $2650, bonds $8000, inter- 
 est on bonds $231.67. 
 
 Hamptonburgh.— From town taxes 1864, $21,000; 
 total, $21,000. 
 
 Minisink.— Fv<<in town taxes 1864, $1234.26; 1865, 
 $7071.12; from town loans 1863, $118.70 ; 1864, $23,- 
 830.49; 1865, $12,288.94; from Slate, cash $4500, 
 bonds $8000, interest on bonds $222.11 ; total, $57,- 
 271.62. 
 
 Monroe. — From town taxes 1864, $22,271.90 ; from 
 town loans 1864, $66,420.84; 1865, $38,775.91; from 
 State, cash .$500, bonds $33,000 ; total, $160,968.65. 
 
 Montgomery.— From town taxes 1862, $3000 ; 1864, 
 $.54,250; total, $57,250. 
 
 Mount Hope.— From town taxes 1865, $11,034.68; 
 from town loans 1864, $35,475 ; 1865, $4978.56 ; from 
 State, cash .$3400, bonds $8000 ; total, $62,888.24. 
 
 Newburgh.— From town taxes 1862, $24,931 ; 1864, 
 $25,368 ; 1865, $21,538 ; from town loans 1862, $29,9.50 ; 
 
 1864, $180,.550; 1865, $86,100; from State, bonds, 
 $97,200 ; total, $465,637. 
 
 New Windsor.— From town taxes 1864, $29.56.39 ; 
 
 1865, at one time $1650.45, at another $2221.84; from 
 town loans 1864, $26,886.87 ; from State, cash $15,000; 
 total, $48,715.55. 
 
 WallkilL— From town taxes 1862, $4000; 1864, 
 $91,100; total, $95,100. 
 
 Warwick.— From town taxes 1863, $2000; 1864, 
 
 $11,960; 1865, $19,725; from town loans 1862, 
 
 $2000; 1864, $71,.575; 1865, $47,760; from State, 
 
 cash $4300, bonds $40,000, interest on bonds $1750; 
 
 total, $201,070. 
 8 
 
 Wawayanda.— From town loans 1864, $26,800; 
 1865, $12,450; from State, cash $4500, bonds $8000; 
 total, $51,750. 
 
 Total for all the towns. — From town taxes 1862, 
 $31,931; 1863, $2000; 1864, $.348,634.95 ; 1865, $166,- 
 932.32; from town loans 1862, $31,9.50; 1863, $35,- 
 318.70 ; 1864, $692,761.82 ; 1865, $229,278.41 ; from 
 State, cash $76,900, bonds $252,066.53, interest on 
 bonds $3473.51, other sources $105; total, $1,871,- 
 352.24. 
 
 By the County.— From taxes 1864, $1800; 1865, 
 $90,649..50; from loans 1864, $421,000; total, $513,- 
 449,50. 
 
 Towns and County.— From taxes 1862, $31,931; 
 1863, $2000; 1864, $350,434.95; 1865, $257,581.82; 
 from loans 1862, $31,950; 1863, $35,318.70; 1864, 
 $1,113,761.82; 1865, .$229,278.41; from State, cash 
 $76,000, bonds $252,000.53, interest on bonds $3473.51, 
 other sources $105 ; final total for towns and county, 
 $2,384,801.74. 
 
 All these sums were raised by ofiicial action. The 
 donations of supplies and the cash subscriptions (the 
 latter especially heavy the first year) are not included 
 in the statement. 
 
 The draft exemption of three hundred dollars, paid 
 by a large number, may also be taken into the ac- 
 count, swelling the aggregate of the moneys expended 
 for war purposes by the people of Orange to an im- 
 mense sum. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 COMMEBCIAL HISTOEY-ORIGINAL ROADS- 
 TUKNPIKES — RAILROADS AND CANALS- 
 PDANK-ROADS-BANKING -AGRICULTURAL 
 AND MECHANICAL STATISTICS, ETC. 
 
 COMMERCIAL HISTORY. 
 
 From a very early period in its history the com- 
 mercial business of the river towns of the county has 
 been a feature of no sm.all importance, although, 
 viewed from the stand-point of a large commercial 
 port, it would perhaps be regarded as scarcely worthy 
 of notice. Introduced by the skippers of Holland, 
 in the exchange of rum and trinkets for the beaver- 
 skins of the Indians, it was subsequently prosecuted 
 with advantage by the West India Company for half 
 a century. From New York to Albany — New Am- 
 sterdam to Fort Orange perhaps we should say — • 
 this company had but one trading-post, that at Wilt- 
 wick or Kingston, although there were no doubt 
 points along the Hudson at which their trading 
 vessels stopped for traffic. At a later period, and 
 especially during the early years of English colonial 
 administration, individual ventures were made in 
 trading posts, which were conducted in form and 
 manner familiar to many in connection with the 
 present Indian tribes of the West, and perhaps with 
 
106 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 quite as much fraud and debauchery. In 168(5, David 
 Toshack and his servant, Daniel Maskrig, from Scot- 
 land, established one of these posts at the mouth of 
 Murderer's Creek, and continued it until Toshack's 
 death, ten years later. It is not improbable that this 
 post became the foundation of the subsequent com- 
 mercial business of the Ellisons at New Windsor. 
 John Ellison, an immigrant from England in 1()S.'!, 
 established himself as a merchant in New York, 
 where, in 1703, he built a store and wharf at the foot 
 of Little Queen Street. With sloops constructed for 
 the purpose, he sent his goods up the Hudson for trade 
 with the European settlers as well as with tlie In- 
 dians, very much in the manner pursued by the Hol- 
 land merchants who liad preceded him. The old 
 Murderer's Creek post was regularly visited, and at 
 a later period the European settlers united in erecting, 
 at what is now New Windsor village, a store- house 
 for their mutual accommodation. Here they brought 
 whatever they might have to sell or exchange and de- 
 posited it until such time as the trading sloop should 
 arrive, which may have been three or four times in 
 a year or oftener. To a certain extent a banker as 
 well as a merchant, Ellison loaned money to his cus- 
 tomers, and among others to William Sutherland, in 
 1718, and took a mortgage on Sutherland's land, and 
 soon after came into its possession. On the property 
 thus acquired his son, Thomas Ellison, built a dock 
 and store-house as early as 1725, and established a 
 reguhir sloop line from thence to his father's wharf 
 at the foot of Little Queen Street. Similar ventures 
 were made by others at different points in the limits 
 of the present county, and e.specially at Newburgli, 
 where a union store-house was erected in 1730, and a 
 sloop line established by Alexander Golden. Pre- 
 cisely what constituted tiie products of the people of 
 the county at that time is a matter of conjecture. 
 Butter, pork, and grain, so many years staples, were 
 probably the principal part of the yield of the farmers. 
 The great business of the period, however, was lum- 
 bering, for which avocation the dense woodlands in 
 the vicinity of the river gave abundant opportunity 
 for saw-mills and sturdy woodsmen, whose pathway 
 is still marked by deserted mill privileges, and who 
 fdund little difiiculty in obtaining advances from the 
 mercliant traders. Very large for its times was the 
 trade of Cadwalader Golden, Jr., of Coldenham, in 
 this field of commercial enterprise. In 1767 it is 
 written of the commerce of Newburgh that " many 
 people from the back parts of the country bring their 
 produce to send to New York, having at least three 
 boats belonging to the place that constantly go from 
 thence to New York and return back again with goods, 
 which creates a very considerable trade." 
 
 From the small beginnings thus briefly referred to 
 local traffic accumulated until Newburgh Bay was 
 white with the sails of vessels bearing to the sea-board 
 the products of farmers, not only of Orange County, 
 but of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Western New 
 
 York, who found through them the most direct route 
 to a market. For over a hundred years New Windsor 
 was a chief mart in this traffic ; for over one hundred 
 and fifty years Newburgh was, and still is, largely en- 
 gaged in the carrying trade, while Cornwall for a time 
 was a successful competitor. And there were other 
 commercial ventures. Newburgh was a port of some 
 importance in colonial days in the whaling trade, in 
 coasting, and in traffic with the West Indies. All this 
 went down during the Revolution. After the war 
 ships were built and manned for the Liverpool trade ' 
 and cleared through the New York custom-house, — 
 the " Liverpool Packet," the "William Penn," and 
 the " Ontario," the latter of five hundred tons, and 
 the largest ship cleared at New York at the time of 
 her construction. Under the embargo and the war of 
 1812 these ventures were closed, and though whaling 
 was renewed at a later period by the Newburgh 
 Whaling Company (1831), and a lumber trade carried 
 on with Liverpool and Australia as late as 1877, no 
 ocean trade is now prosecuted. 
 
 Adverting more ])articularly to those who have 
 been engaged in commercial undertakings, it may be 
 remarked that although Col. Thomas Ellison, of New 
 Windsor, was the first to establish himself there, he 
 was not without early contemporaries. Joseph Sack- 
 ett, Jr., had there a dock and store-house as early as 
 1742 ; Matthew DuBois was similarly located prior to 
 1765, and in that year united with Ellison in resisting 
 the order of the officers of customs requiring all sloops 
 trading on the Hudson to enter and clear at Albany 
 or New Y'ork, while the name of William Jackson 
 stands associated with the era of the Revolution. The 
 business of the Ellisons, however, was for many years 
 far in excess of that of their contemporaries. After 
 the Revolution, among those in the trade may be noted 
 the names of Ellison, Isaac and Abraham Schultz, 
 Gillespy & Scudder, Isaac Schultz & Son, Joseph Mor- 
 rell, Samuel M. Logan, William Walsh, Reuben Rey- 
 nolds, Samuel Floyd, and Daniel Borden. In 1832, 
 Knapp, Dalson it Co. sailed the steamboat " Norfolk," 
 Capt. Jacob Wandell, and the sloop " Spy," Capt. 
 George L. Sherwood. ■ The barge " Experiment," 
 built as a steamboat at New Windsor in 1828, for the 
 Cornwall trade, subsequently sailed from New Wind- 
 sor under command of Capt. Dyer Brewster. The 
 latest advertised enterprise (1850) was that of Joseph 
 Carpenter, who sailed the "Norfolk," Capt. Lewis O. 
 Carpenter. Though at one time the trade at that 
 place was drawn from a large section of country, it 
 steadily decreased under the influence of the superior 
 roads leading to Newburgh, and was wholly destroyed 
 by the construction of the Erie Railroad and the 
 Newburgh branch. 
 
 From Newburgh the first shippers were Alexander 
 Golden, who came to be the owner of the old union 
 store-house and wharf as early as 1740. At a later date 
 Maj. Isaac Belknap, Capt. Donaghy, William Hard- 
 ing, Nehemiah Denton, Jlichard Buckingham, and 
 
COJVIMEKCIAL HISTORY. 
 
 107 
 
 Lewis Clark were probably engaged in sailing sloops 
 to New York. Belknap was the successor of Golden, 
 and Nehemiah Denton sailed from a wharf near Balni- 
 ville, where he had a grist- nnd flour-mill. Their 
 business was suspended during the Revolution, as 
 well as that of Capt. Coleman, who was engaged in 
 trade with Nantucket. From 1798 the record is more 
 complete. From the Colden Whart^ — George Gardner, 
 1798 to 1809 ; George Gardner & Son, 1810-22 ; Henry 
 Robinson, 1828-26 ; T. Powell & Co., 1835-14 ; Reeve, 
 Moore & Co., 1845; Powell, Ramsdell & Co., fall of 
 184.5-57 ; H. Ramsdell & Co., 1858-65. From Walsh's 
 Wharf— Hugh Walsh, Derick Amerman, Crawford et 
 Harris, and others, until 1808 ; F. Crawford and C. 
 Belknap & Co., 1809-17; F. & D. Crawford, 1817-30; 
 D. Crawford & Co., 1831-37 ; Crawford, Mailler & 
 Co., 1838-54; W. K. Mailler & Co., 18.5.5-57; W. K. 
 Mailler & Son, 18.58-59; W. O. Mailler, 1860-69; W. 
 O. Mailler & Co., 1870-73.* From Anderson's Dock, 
 foot of Third Streets-John Anderson, 1798 to 1803. 
 From Ludlow's Dockf (formerly John Anderson's) — 
 
 1843^4.t From dock foot of Fourth Street — Farmers' 
 Company,^ 1806-13; B. & I. Case, 1814-20; Abm. 
 Stagg & Co., 1820-24; John Mount & Co., 1825-26; 
 and by Oakley & Davis, 1827-39. From Carpenter's 
 Dock, south of Second Street — Caleli Coflin, 1800; 
 Jacob and Leonard Carpenter and B. Carpenter & Co., 
 1802-64; Homer Ramsdell & Co., 186.5-76. From 
 Balmville — Daniel Smith and others until 1818 ; H. 
 & J. Butterworth, 1819; Selah Tuttle & Son, 1820, 
 who were the last occupants. In 1845 the firm of 
 Wardrop, Smith & Co. was organized and commenced 
 business from a dock and store-house erected by J. 
 Beveridge & Co. at the foot of Fifth Street. "This 
 firm was continued until 18.58, when C. C. Smith sold 
 his interest to Hiram Falls. On the death of Mr. 
 Wardrop the firm was dissolved, and Falls & .John- 
 ston became its successors. On the death of Mr. 
 Falls, .Johnston i^ Alsdorf continued the business un- 
 til 1870, when it passed to Alsdorf & Skidmore, who 
 sold to Homer Ramsdell in February, 1872, and re- 
 tired from the trade. On the 1st of February, 1865, 
 
 .1^ 
 
 
 - ,j.^i!ii|i|ii 
 
 .STORE-HOUSE OF HOMER RAMSDELL * CO. 
 
 Alexander Falls and Jonathan Hedges sailed sloop 
 " Favorite," Benjamin Case, Jr., master, in 1799. 
 Their successors were Jacob & Thomas Powell, 1802- 
 13; Selah Reeve and AVilliam H. Falls, 1814-24; Se- 
 lah Reeve & Son, 182.5-26; Christopher and George 
 Reeve, 1827-29 ; C. Reeve, 1831, who sold to D. Craw- 
 ford & Co. From DeWint's Dock, north of Third 
 Street — George Gardner, 1815-21 ; Miller & Smith, 
 1822-24; E. Case, 1835; Houston, Johnston & Co., 
 1838 ; Christopher Reeve, 1842 ; Reeve, Moore & Co., 
 
 * The barge "Newburgh," then owned by this firm, together with a 
 fnll cargo of freight, anfi also their store-house, etc., were destroyed by 
 lire in .Tune, 1873, and at the close of the season the firm retired from 
 the freighting business. 
 
 t Robert Ludlow, father of Charles, Robert C, and Augustus C. Lud- 
 low, of the United States navy, and of Mi-s. Thomas Powell, bought the 
 property from Water Street to the river in 1706, and built a store on 
 Water Street and a new dock in the rear. During its ownership by the 
 Powells it was called Powell's Dock, and subsequently Reeve's Dock. 
 The old store-hoTlse was moved to Crawford's Dock and consolidated with 
 that of D. Crawford & Co., and was destroyed in the fire of 1872. 
 
 Homer Ramsdell bought the dock property and barge 
 of B. Carpenter & Co., and consolidated the business 
 of that firm with the firm of Homer Ramsdell & Co. 
 During the season the large store-house of the firm was 
 removed to a new foundation, and the store-house of 
 Ramsdell & Co. removed and united with it, forming 
 by far the largest and most complete structure on the 
 Hudson. The firm of Homer Ramsdell & Co. is now 
 the only freight line between Newburgh and New 
 York ; their barges have a carrying capacity of five 
 hundred tons each ; their daily freights probably ex- 
 
 I The DeWint store-house and the Oakley & Davis store-liouse adjoin- 
 ing were destroyed by fire Dec. 18, 1848. 
 
 g This company appeare to have been a regularly organized association ; 
 its business was conducted by directors who were generally changed an- 
 nually After the dissolution of the company, a similar association was 
 organized by an act of incorporation, passed by the Legislature, April* 
 1825. This company originated, it is said, with Mr. Jonathan Haabrouck* 
 who was its principal manager. The *' Chancellor Livingston" was run 
 for a few tiips, in the name of the company, from the old red store-housei 
 and then the project was abandoned. 
 
108 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ceed the weekly freights of twenty years ago, being 
 greatly augmented by the trade of the entire eastern 
 division of the Erie Railroad. 
 
 The business was conducted entirely by sloops until 
 1830. The introduction of steam vessels, however, 
 was proposed in 1825, at a meeting of sloop-owners 
 (June ()th), and a committee appointed for the pur- 
 pose of making inquiry " relative to the building of a 
 good and sufficient steamboat or boats, for the pur- 
 pose of conveying freight or passengers from this vil- 
 lage and landings adjoining."* This action was 
 doubtless intended to allay the feeling against sloop 
 navigation which had grown out of the disaster of 
 the '• Neptune," in November of the previous year.f 
 Here the matter rested until the winter of 1829-30, 
 
 * *' A meeting of sloop-owners was Iield June 6, 1825, — Selah Reeve, 
 cliairman, and David Crawford, secretary, — to consider the expediency of 
 placing a Rtcanilmat on the Newhurgh line. After disuujisinn, it was 
 ^ Re.-<olcedy That a coniniittee, consiisting of James Wiltme, John P. De- 
 Wint, Uriah LcH-kwimd, Julm Wilti-ie, Chiistupher Reeve, and David 
 Crawford, he authnrized to make thp uecessaiy inquiry and obtain all 
 the intoiniaHon in their power relative to ilie bnilding of a gi'od and 
 sutticient fiteaniln)at or boats, for the pnrpose of conveying freight or 
 passengers from this village and landings adjoining.' " — Imirx, June 7. 
 
 t " Loss OF THK Sloop Nf.ptunk.— On Novemlier 24th, about noon, the 
 sloop ' NeptUHe.* on her way from New Yt»rk to this village, a short dis- 
 tance below Pallopel's Island, was upset, filled, and sunk. At the time of 
 this melancholy event it isunderaloud she had on board from fifty to fifty- 
 five pKHsengers, a majority of whom were drowned. It appeiti-s that the 
 vessel left New Yiirk under command of her fiist hand, Blr. John Decker 
 (Captain HaLstead being detaineil in the city), with from forty to fifty 
 tons of plaster and some eight or ten tuns of merchandise on board. 
 About half of the plaster was put in the hold and the remainder piled 
 on the deck. In the Highlands the wind was iijgh, which induced the 
 commander, when below West Point, to take a double reef in the main- 
 sail and other measures of caution for the safe delivery of his charge. 
 When off Little Stony Point, with very little way ou the vessel, a flaw 
 struck her and hove her down. This caused the i)Iawter on deck to shift 
 from windward to leeward. Most of th>' male passengers were on deck, 
 and one or two of the fenndes, and sonie t**n or twelve women and six 
 or seven children in the cabin. Tlie shifting of the plaster created the 
 utmost confusion on board. The water rushed into the scuttle of the 
 forecastle, whicif was to leeward, then into the cabin, and consternationt 
 dismay, and death presented their appalling features to all on board. In 
 a few minutes she filled and plunged headlong to the bottom. All in the 
 cabin perihhed. Those on deck were j^lunsed into a cold and turbulent 
 element or had been carrietl down with the vessel. The boat was afloat, 
 and when the sloop was going down was occupied by Decker and VVtud- 
 sey, but without oars, — they were supplied by Mr. Storm, wliose oyster- 
 boat was just ahead of the sloop, atid they made utmost exertions to 
 save the unfortunates. Seventeen persons were rescued by them and 
 the othei- boats which came to their assistance, but the rest perished. 
 
 " The folltiwing are the names of those who were saved ■ John Decker. 
 Levi D. Wuolsey, Mr. Tlinrne, of Newbnrgh ; Joseph Mullock, A. Carey, 
 Jesse Green, of Miiiisink; Allred Crawford, Alexander Crawford, Joliu 
 Rose, of Crawford ; Mr. Sprague, Mi's. Bowers, Mr. Smi"ley, Mr. Ander- 
 son, of Sullivan County; Lewis Broom, Patrick Kelley, of Wallkill ; A. 
 Pierson, of Montgomery; and a lad fiom Bbtomiiig-Grove. Totil, 17. 
 
 "The following persttiis were known to have been on board the sloop: 
 Mrs. Couch and two children, J. Loveland. and J. Smiley, I'f Sullivan 
 County; Mrs. Graham and two children, of Crawford ; John Leailer, of 
 Blooming-Grove; Samuel Carlisle, Jacob Polbemus, Mrs. McClangheiy, 
 of Newburgh ; Mrs. Rush, of Wallkill; Messrs McCurdy, Weed, Hens- 
 ler, Mrs. Churchill and Cochrane, of Montgomery: John Greenleaf, 
 George Eveitson, Matilda Helms, William Kelley and child, of Mini- 
 sink; Mib, Dean, of Cornwall ; F. W. Del'oudres and Mre. Ti'out, of New 
 York. Ti.>tal, '26 It is supiiused that a numb'-r of others were on board, 
 which would make the whole eijual to tlie number stated, wiiose names 
 and connections have not yet lieen discovered. The sloop sunk in fitty 
 or sixty feet of water. The ownere, Messrs. Miller & Suiith, succeeded 
 in raising her." — /wdex, Nov. 1824. 
 
 when Mr. Christopher Reeve purchased the steamer 
 ** Baltimore," which was placed on the Newburgh line 
 in the spring of 1830, J and ran from tlie wharf of the 
 Messrs. Reeve and that of D. Crawford & Co. Rude in 
 model as was this steamer, her appearance was hailed 
 with every demonstration of popular regard ; the 
 newspapers recorded her advantages, and the brush 
 of the painter traced her outlines on many sign-boards. 
 But her triumph was short; her purchase had not 
 been made when Mr. Benjamin Carpenter laid the 
 keel at the sliip-yard of Cornelius Carman, Low Point, 
 of the steamer " William Young." This vessel was 
 launched July 17, 1830, and commenced running in 
 September of the same year.^ Though of nearly the 
 same appearance as the " Baltimore," she was re- 
 garded as of better model, and her owner claimed 
 that she had "power sufficient to make her average 
 trips in about six hours;" but his antici[>ations were 
 very tar irom being realized. 
 
 Messrs. Reeve and Crawford continued the " Balti- 
 more" one year, when, some dissatisfaction arising, 
 Mr. Reeve sold his interest to Mr. Crawford, who con- 
 tinued her on the line until 1885, when she was trans- 
 ferred to the route between Newburgh and Albany. 
 The Messrs. Reeve (1832) supplied the place of the 
 "Baltimore" in their line with the steamer "Legis- 
 lator;" and during the same season Oakley & Davis 
 put on their line the " Providence." || In the sum- 
 mer of 1833, D. Crawford & Co. built the steamer 
 " Washington," and commenced running her in No- 
 vember of that year.^l This boat was far superior to 
 any in the trade, and the competition which she 
 created aroused the energies of Mr. Carpenter, who 
 built in 1835 the " James Madison," a boat superior 
 in many respects to the " Washington ;" she was the 
 first beam-engine steamer in the trade. During the 
 same season Oakley & Davis changed the " Provi- 
 dence" for the "Superior;" and Mr. Powell, who for 
 several years had been living in retirement, how again 
 entered the list of competitors, and built the steamer 
 
 I " Half of the excellent steamboat ' Baltimore' has been purchased by 
 D, Crawford & Co., and we nuderstand that she will start alternately 
 frtim Reeve's and from Crawford's Docks, towing a sloop and taking pas, 
 eengei-s from each dock twice a week. We have alieady spoken of a 
 steamboat in a state of forwardness, owned by Benjamin Carpenter; and 
 probably the othersloop-owuers will make similar arrangements." — Gaz- 
 ette, Feb. 7, 183U. 
 
 ^ Though not the fii-st steamboat in the Newburgh trade, as lia>; been 
 claimed, the ■'William Young" was the fii-st built expressly for that 
 trade. She was more complete in her accoumiodations for passengers 
 than her preileces^or, the *' Baltimore," and had more of the character 
 of what W!is then regarded asa first-class steamer. 
 
 II " Farmers and freighters will be abundantly accommodated with 
 steaniboats this season. In addition to the * t illiam Young,' which 
 will continue to run from Carpenter's, and the ' Baltimore,' which 
 will run this season from Crawford's Dock, will be added the ' Legis- 
 lator,' which will tow from Reeve's Dock, and the ' Providence," fnim 
 Oakley & Davis's. We understJind vessels will depart from this village 
 on Tu' sdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. Tlie 
 enterprising spirit evinced by tliese arrangements deserves, and we 
 conflden ly hope will meet with, a corresponding liberality fiom the 
 public.'— (?'f3e/^c, Feb. 26, 18:i2. 
 
 ^ *' The "Baltimore" aud the "Washington" were run by this firm 
 during the season of 1834. 
 
COMMERCIAL HISTORY. 
 
 109 
 
 " Highlander," which commenced running in Sep- 
 tember. Slie was a boat of the first chiss in speed, 
 her only rival being the "Rochester," then on the i 
 New York and Albany line. As their days of sailing 
 from New York were the same, racing was always in ' 
 order; and the story is that in order to settle the point 
 of speed a bet of one thousand dollars a side was 
 made. The race came oft" and the '' Higlihinder" lost 
 by half a minute on a straight run from New Y'ork to 
 the Newburgh wharf. The " Osceola," a neat and 
 swift craft, next attacked the " Highlander." Both 
 boats ran on the morning line, — the former from 
 Poughkeepsie, and the latter from Newburgh and 
 Fishkill; but the " Highlander" was victorious. In 
 1846, Powell, Ramsdell & Co. built the "Thomas 
 Powell," and placed her on the morning line."* She 
 was subsequently sold to Capt. Anderson and placed 
 on the morning line between Eondout and New York, 
 and was the last of the Newburgh steamers. 
 
 The first barge — the " Minisink" — was placed on 
 the line by Crawford, Mailler & Co. in 1841, in lieu of 
 the " Washington," which was put on the New York 
 and Albany line as an opposition boat, and subse- 
 quently sold to the Peojjle's line. In 1842, Christo- 
 pher Reeve re-entered trade with the barge "Union." 
 In 1845, Wardrop, Smith & Co. put on the steam- 
 barge "Caledonia," and in 1851 the barge "Wall- 
 kill." Johnston & Falls took out the boilers and en- 
 gine of the "Caledoni^" and changed her name to 
 " Union," and Alsdorf & Skidmore exchanged her for 
 the propeller " Thomas McManus," and made three 
 trips a week during the season of 1870-71. B. Car- 
 penter & Co. sold the " James Madison" in 1846, and 
 purchased the barge " Superior." In 1848, Powell, 
 Ramsdell & Co. built the barge " Newburgh," and 
 substituted her for the " Highlander;" in 1851 they 
 built the barge "Susquehanna," and ran her in con- 
 nection with the "Newburgh." Subsequently the 
 " Newburgh" was transferred to Wm. K. Mailler & Co., 
 and the " Minisink" to B. Carpenter & Co. In 1870, 
 Homer Ramsdell added the barge " Charles Spear" to 
 the line of Homer Ramsdell & Co., who ran her in 
 connection with the barges "Susquehanna" and 
 " Minisink," each boat making two trips a week, 
 forming a daily line. The latter was withdrawn in 
 1873, and daily trips made with the "Spear" and the 
 " Susquehanna." 
 
 The early steamboat captains were: "Baltimore," 
 Robert Wardrop, 1830-32, Samuel Johnson, 1833; 
 " William Young," Seth Belknap, 1830, Whitehead 
 Halstead, 1831, Charles Halstead, 1833; "Provi- 
 dence," Levi D. Woolsey, 1831-33, Samuel R. Logan, 
 1834; "Washington," Robert Wardrop, 1834; "Su- 
 perior," James H. Leeds, 1835; "Madison," Eli Perry, 
 1835; "Highlander," Robert Wardrop, 1835. In 
 nearly all cases the persons named were jjreviously in 
 command of sloops. 
 
 • On the IBth July, 1846, the •' Thomas PowpU" miide the trip from 
 New York to Newburgh iu two hours and forty tuiuuteB runiiiug time. 
 
 Trade from Cornwall was probably early centred 
 with the Ellisons of New Windsor, and with the 
 Hazards at Orangeville (now Moodna). The latter 
 was perhaps on the precise site which was occupied 
 by Toshack in 1686. The land was subsequently 
 patented to Mary Ingoldsby, from whom it was pur- 
 chased (1728) by David Mandevill, who sold a por- 
 tion of it to Samuel Hazard, who, in company with 
 his brother Nathaniel, laid out a township plot under 
 the name of Orangeville, erected a flouring-mill and 
 store, and constructed a wharf at Sloop Hill (in Corn- 
 wall), from which sloops were sailed. Large quanti- 
 ties of grain, converted into flour at their mill, found 
 its way to New Y'^ork by their sloops. Indeed, flour 
 was one of the staple products of the county for 
 many years. The Hazard mill, Hasbrouck, Denton, 
 and Belknap mills at Newburgh, and the Ellison, 
 Schultz, and Trimble mills in New Windsor, were 
 quite as celebrated in their day as some of the favor- 
 ite Western brands of the present time. 
 
 The freighting business at Cornwall proper began 
 at about the commencement of the present century, 
 when Capt. Daniel Tobias sailed a sloop and kept 
 a store. His brother, Isaac S., continued the business 
 after 1807, and constructed a dock and built the sloop 
 " Hector." Capt. Nathaniel Ring was Tobias' con- 
 temporary. In 1810, Capt. Reuben Reynolds, of New 
 Windsor, removed to Cornwall, and built, in company 
 with Tobias, the sloop " Hamlet." In 1812, Capt. 
 Tobias sold out to Isaac Van Duzer, who sailed the 
 sloop " Exchange," Capt. John Gifterth. In 1828, 
 Mr. Van Duzer built the first steamboat for freighting 
 purposes ever constructed on the river. She was 
 built by Silas Corwin, of New Windsor, and her 
 boiler and engine were furnished by Isaiah and John 
 Townsend, of Albany. She was named the " Experi- 
 ment," run for several years by Mr. Van Duzer, and 
 then sold to Weeks & Griffin, who sold Jier to Henry 
 Bertholf & Co., who ran her four or five years. She 
 next became the property of Hudson McFarland, Mr. 
 Mitchell, Dr. Morrison, and Captain Tobias. The 
 latter ran her for a year, when her engine became 
 broken, and she was dismantled of her machinery and 
 converted into a barge, and was sailed as such from 
 New Windsor by Capt. Dyer Brewster. The steam- 
 boat " Wave" succeeded the " Experiment," and sub- 
 sequently the " Union" was put on and officered by 
 Capt. Tobias. Then came the " General Jackson," 
 followed by the "Gazelle" and the "Caledonia," the 
 two last named merely stopping at Cornwall for 
 freight. About 1856, Henry Clark bought the pro- 
 peller " Orange County," and put her on the line un- 
 der Capt. Joseph Ketchum. Her trips were continued 
 until 1864, when the commerce of Cornwall, except 
 by river boats of other lines and by the branches of 
 the Erie road, was numbered with that of New 
 Windsor.! 
 
 f Beach's Cornwall. 
 
110 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ORIGINAL ROADS. 
 
 The early carrying trade from New Windsor, New- 
 burgh, and Cornwall was due to their positions as 
 natural entrepots. They were the most accessible 
 points through which New York could be reached by 
 the people of the district, as well as by those residing 
 in northeastern New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and 
 in their direction all the early roads tended. These 
 roads were, first, the king's highway or public road,* 
 from Kingston to New Paltz, and from thence to 
 Shawangunk " and the neighborhoods annexed to 
 New Paltz," and from New Paltz to the Palatine 
 parish of Quassaick, and from thence through New 
 Windsor, Cornwall, the Clove, and northeast New 
 Jersey to Fort Lee ;t second, the old Goshen road, 
 which intersected the road last described and ran 
 from New Windsor to Goshen, and from thence west 
 to the Peenpack settlements on the Delaware, where 
 it intersected (third) the old Mine road from Kingston 
 to the Minisink country of New Jersey and Pennsyl- 
 vania ; fourth, the king's highway from Shawangunk 
 through Montgomery to Goshen, and thence through 
 Florida and Warwick to Sussex, N. J., intersecting 
 the king's highway to Fort Lee ; fifth, the Little 
 Britain road, running almost directly west from New 
 Windsor to the Wallkill, and intersecting the road 
 from Shawangunk to Goshen, and with a branch on 
 its eastern extremity, called the Wallkill road, to 
 Newburgh. From four points of the compass, cov- 
 ering an arc of not less than three hundred miles, 
 these roads all came together at New Windsor on 
 lines almost as direct as a bird would fly. Newburgh, 
 lying north of this centre, shared only in the travel 
 of the routes to the north and northwest, with a single 
 road running west through Coldenham to Mont- 
 gomery, which had been constructed by the Coldens. 
 To these facts New Windsor was indebted for its early 
 commercial supremacy. 
 
 At what precise period the main lines described 
 were opened it would be diflicnlt to determine ; it is 
 fair to presume, however, that they did not antedate 
 settlement, and it is also fair to presume that they 
 were substantially based on trails which had been 
 followed by the Indians for ages, except, perhaps, the 
 Little Britain road. A crude network of main and 
 divergent paths through the forests these Indian trails 
 were, but in the absence of better routes they were 
 traveled by the first settlers until they became well 
 known, and ultimately lost their original character 
 by enlargement and improvement. The " old Mine 
 road," to which reference has been made in another 
 
 * A king's highway was simply a road opened aud worked accord! Dg 
 to law as public roads now are. 
 
 t A branch from this road ran from Fort Lee to Stony Point, where 
 the Hudson was crossed by the king's (public) ferry to Peekskill. The 
 roiid tlien ran down through Westchester and crossed the king's (public) 
 bridge at Harlem. Before the Revolution it was a much-traveled route 
 to Philadelphia from New England, and it was this fact that led to the 
 fortifications at Verplanck's aud Stony Point. 
 
 [ chapter,J may be cited as an example. It was origi- 
 nally the great trail from the Minisink country to 
 Esopus, with thousands of intersecting paths. Whether 
 the trail was known to the Dutch settlers of Esopus 
 at the time of the last Indian war (1064) is not a 
 question which can affect its title to antiquity, nor 
 
 I the fact of its early travel, of which its " Yagh houses," 
 or resting-places, are sufficient evidence, and which 
 were in existence in 1704. Between 1704 and 1734 
 it became a king's highway under colonial law, and 
 as such was the subject of petition to the General 
 Assembly, of which it is said in the journal of pro- 
 ceedings : " The petition of Jacobus Swartwout, Wil- 
 liam Provost, William Cool, and others, freeholders 
 and inhabitants residing and living in Minisink, in 
 the county of Orange and Ulster, was presented, 
 setting forth that several persons in West New Jersey 
 and Pennsylvania having no other way to transport 
 their ]iroduce than through the Minisink road, and 
 there being about forty miles more to repair before 
 they came to Esopus, that they (the persons referred 
 to) be compelled to work on said road and assist in re- 
 pairing it to the house of Egbert DeWitt, in the town 
 of Rochester, in the county of Ulster." In other 
 words, the petitioners intended no doubt to have it 
 understood that as they had made the road, it was 
 but just that those who used it should help to main- 
 tain it. It was an important road, and the link which 
 was made to intersect it from Goshen was also an 
 important one, as it shortened by many miles the 
 route to tide-water. That the king's highway from 
 Kingston to New Paltz and Newburgh, and thence to 
 Fort Lee, was substantially on an original Indian 
 trail is presumed from the fact that it was a line of 
 travel by the Indians. Throughout the entire dis- 
 trict all the trails ran to the Dans Kammer, the 
 temple in which the Indians worshiped their god 
 Bachtamo. The branch from New Paltz to Goshen, 
 or Shawangunk to Goshen,^ was substantially the 
 " Chawangon trail," which is met in some early deeds. 
 The line from Sussex was as clearly one as any of the 
 others, and also its intersecting line to Goshen. The 
 known points in communication are the guides to 
 this conclusion, — the Wawayanda castles, and that of 
 Maringoman on the Schunemunk. That Sarah Wells, 
 the traditional first white woman on the Wawayanda 
 Patent, passed over the bed of the old Goshen road, 
 or substantially .so, we have little doubt. 
 
 Whatever may have been their connection with 
 original trails, or whatever the date of their construc- 
 
 t See Chapter II. 
 
 g This road was opened in IT^lo by Zacliarias Hoffman, Benjamin 
 Smedes, and Johannes Decker, commissioners uf highways "for the pre- 
 cinct of Shawangunk and tlie neighborhood of "Walikill." It ran "by 
 or near" Goodwill church, and through Neelytown to tbe Goshen line, 
 or " until it meets the road laid out by tbe inhabitants of Goshen to the 
 south line of the said county of Ulster." It vvas laid out uuder an act of 
 tbe Assenil'ly, entitled "An act for the continuing of an act entitled an 
 act for tbe better clearing, ascertaining, and further laying out public 
 high roads in the county of Ulster." 
 
 
TUKNPIKES. 
 
 Ill 
 
 tion, they were famous old roads in their day. The 
 militia moved over them in the French and Indian 
 war, and tliey were traversed by them and by the 
 " ragged Continentals" during the Revolution. Mrs. 
 Washington, with her carriage, servants, and escort, 
 en route for New Windsor and Nevvburgh, Morgan 
 and his riflemen en route for Boston in 1774, congress- 
 men from New England en route for the Continental 
 Congress,* prisoners en route for Eastou, passed over 
 the line from New Windsor or Newburgh to 'Sussex 
 Court-House, and from thence to their destination, 
 while the first mail-routes through the district ran 
 over the king's highway from Rhinebeck and Kings- 
 ton to New Paltz, and from thence via Shawangunk, 
 Goshen, and Warwick to Susses. " The establishing 
 of this post-road," wrote Cornelius C. Schoonmaker, 
 who then (1792) represented the Orange and Ulster 
 district in Congress, " will, I am in hopes, conduce 
 much to the circulating of newspapers and other use- 
 ful information through our State on the west side of 
 the Hudson, the inconvenience attending which we 
 have long experienced." Surrounded by the facili- 
 ties of tlie present era, and educated to their con- 
 veniences, it is difficult to realize that it was not 
 always so, — that mail matter was first delivered to the 
 people of Newburgh at Ward's Bridge, in the town 
 of Montgomery, and continued to do so until some 
 time in 17i>5.t From whatever point they may be 
 viewed, these old roads are clothed in a halo of local 
 historic interest, — even their roughest stones have ser- 
 mons in them. Our reference to them here, however, 
 has a definite purpose, and that accomplished, we 
 may not wander into other fields. 
 
 * The foUowing, from the diary of William Ellery, member of the Con- 
 tinental Congress from Massachusetts, who left Diglitou on horseback, 
 Oct. 20, 1777, for York, Pa., is of interest in this connection: 
 
 *' Nov. lilt, — Breakfasted at Adriance's, and sat off for Fislikill where 
 we arrived at noon. Could get no provender for our horses, but at tlie 
 Contl (Continental, i.e., military) St^ildes. Waited upon Gen. Putinim 
 who was packing up and just about setting otf for White Plains. Chatted 
 with him a while, and then [tut ott for the Contl Feiry at the North 
 Kiver. (Fishkill is eleven miles from Adriance's, and the terry six miles 
 from Fishkill.) In our way to the Ferry we met President Hancock in 
 a sulkey, escorted by one of his Secretaries and two or tliree other gen- 
 tlemen, and one Light-horseman. This escort surprised us as it seemed 
 inadequate to the purp ise either of defence or parade. Bnt oui" surprise 
 was not of long contiiiviauce, for we had not rode far beft)re we met si.v 
 or eight Light-hursenien tm the canter, and just as we reached the Ferry 
 a boat arrived with many more. These with the Light-horsemen and 
 the gentlemen before mentioned made up the escoitof Mr. President 
 Hancock. — Wlio would not be a great man? I verily believe that the 
 President, as lie passed through tlie Conntiy thus escorted, feels a more 
 trinmpliant satisfactiun than the Col. of the Uneen's Regiment ot Light 
 Dragi>ons allended by his whole army and an eSLort of a thousand 
 Militia. We liad a pleasant time across the Ferry, and jiigged on to 
 Major Dubois a Tavern about \) ov 10 miles from thence, where we put 
 up fur the niglit. We were well entertained, had a good dish of tea, and 
 a good beef-steak. We had neither ate nor drank before since we break- 
 fasted. Dr. Cutter invited us to dine with him at Fislikill ; but it was 
 not then dinner-time and we were anxious to pass Hudson and get on." 
 
 " Travels in North America," by M. de Chastellu.K, may also be re- 
 ferred to. 
 
 t The date of the establishment of the post-office at Ward's Bridge 
 has not been ascerUiined. Fiom an advertised list of letters it appears 
 that John Mcliinslry was postmaster in 1793. 
 
 TURNPIKES. 
 With the opening of the present century came a 
 new era in roads, — the construction of turnpikes, of 
 which the Orange turnpike was the first (1800). The 
 incorporators to the company were William Wickham, 
 John Steward, James Everett, James Carpenter, 
 Thomas Waters, James W. Wilkin, David M. West- 
 cott, Anthony Dobbin, Jonathan Sweezy, John Wood, 
 Solomon Smith, and .lohn Gale, Jr. Its capital stock 
 was S6250, and its line ran " from the house of Moses 
 Cunningham, in the town of Chee-scocks (Monroe), 
 to the intersection of the roads leading from Stirling 
 Iron-Works, near the house of Stephen Sloots," run- 
 ning in the bed of the old road as far as circumstances 
 permitted. By act of 1806 the capital was increased 
 $46,750, and permission granted to the company to 
 extend the road "southerly to the line of the State 
 of New Jersey, on the route to the city of New 
 York, and also to construct a new road from the 
 northerly part of said turnpike-road to the intersec- 
 tion of the Warwick road, near the village of Chester, 
 on the route to the city of Albany," the entire two 
 taking the name of the Orange turnpike. 
 
 An undertaking of greater magnitude followed in 
 1801, — the Newburgh and Cochecton turnpike. In 
 reciting the history of this enterprise some traditional 
 errors may be repeated, but in the main our glean- 
 ings will be found substantially correct. At the time 
 of its incorporation there had grown up in Newburgh 
 a body of active and enterprising men, who, finding 
 themselves in the possession of advantages which New 
 Windsor did not enjoy, determined to make the best 
 possible use of their opportunities. In this they were 
 favored by circumstances in a remarkable degree. 
 The ancient rivals of their town — Kingston and New 
 Windsor — bad grown fat in trade, and became slug- 
 gish and indiflferent, while they were fresh and ready 
 for venture. In the western part of Ulster were large 
 unoccupied sections of the Minisink and Harden- 
 burgh Patents. In these lands John DeWitt, of Du- 
 chess, became interested, and, after examining them 
 with a view to their sale, resolved upon the expedient 
 of opening them to market by means of a turnpike- 
 road to tide-water. Failing to enlist the people of 
 Kingston in his plans he came to Newburgh, where 
 he met with that encouragement which induced him 
 to remove his family thither and to embark in the 
 undertaking, in which he was especially joined by 
 j Johannes Miller, of Montgomery, who was also a 
 large holder of lands in the new district. Under their 
 eftbrts a company was organized aud application 
 made to the Legislature for a charter, which was 
 granted March 20, 1801, constituting Robert Bowne, 
 John DeWitt, William Seymour, Levi Dodge, Johan- 
 nes Miller, Hugh Walsh, George Clinton, Jr., Wil- 
 liam W. Sackett, Jacob Powell, John McAuley, 
 Charles Clinton, Samuel McCoun, George Gardner, 
 and all such others as should associate for that pur- 
 pose, a body corporate and politic by the name of 
 
112 
 
 HISTOEY OF ORANGE COUMTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 " The President, Directors, and Company of the New- 
 burgh and Cochecton Turnjiike Road," with a capital 
 limited to $80,000, and authority to construct a turn- 
 pike-road "in the nearest, most convenient, and di- 
 rect route from the village of Newburgh, on Hudson's 
 River, to Cochecton, on tlie Delaware River." The 
 stock was soon taken and the road constructed, run- 
 ning a line of sixty miles, with substantial bridges, and 
 all the appointments of a good road. Though for a 
 time unprofitable to the holders of its stock, who were 
 ready to sell at a loss of fifty per cent., though De- 
 Witt lost his life in the work, and Miller became 
 financially crippled, the road ultimately resulted in 
 immense advantages to Newburgh and to the district 
 which it opened. It may have been the outgrowth 
 of a land speculation, but itgave population and legal 
 being to the county of Sullivan (1809), as well as 
 birth to other' undertakings of a similar character, 
 which as justly deserve the title of internal improve- 
 ments as the most substantial of modern railroad 
 systems. 
 
 The Cochecton turnpike was followed, in 1805, by an 
 act incorporating " The President and Directors of the 
 Newburgh and Chenango Turnpike Road Company." 
 Its incorporators were Richard B. Church, Asa Sto- 
 wel, Nathaniel Locke, David Cooper, Anson Carey, 
 Elijah Stowel, and all such others as should be asso- 
 ciated with them, who were authorized to issue stock 
 to the amount of $162,000, and to construct a turnpike- 
 road " from the village of Oxford, in the county of 
 Chenango, and run by the most direct, jjracticable 
 route to the Susquehanna River, at the place desig- 
 nated by law for the Jerico toll-bridge; thence across 
 the same to the road leading to the court-house ; 
 thence to the west branch of Delaware River, at or 
 near the house of Coenrad Edict, and from the oppo- 
 site side of the said branch to the east branch of said 
 river, and from the opposite side thereof by the most 
 direct practicable route to intersect the Newburgh 
 and Cochecton turnpike-road." The object of the 
 projectors of this road, who were residents of Che- 
 nango County, was to open to settlement the military 
 tracts, and especially the " twenty township" tract, 
 purchased for the State from the Indians in 17SS. 
 We include it in this review as a part of the con- 
 necting road of the Cochecton. 
 
 And it may be noted here that the opening of the 
 military tract to settlement was a matter in which 
 there were many interested parties. As a reward for 
 services in the Revolution, these lands had been given 
 to officers and soldiers, to many of whom they were 
 practically worthless, and who sold their locations for 
 merely nominal sums. Gen. James Clinton, of New 
 Windsor, was a large original holder, as well as a 
 subsequent purchaser, as well also bis nephew, Sur- 
 veyor-General Simeon DeWitt, and there were not a 
 few Newburgh capitalists who had made simil.ar in- 
 vestments. Clinton had had large experience in bring- 
 ing lands into market in Orange and Ulster, and from 
 
 that experience he had, long previous to the Che- 
 nango extension, advocated a similar project. When 
 the Cochecton road was nearly completed, he ob- 
 tained a hearing from his Newburgh neighbors. His 
 proposition embraced a road crossing Sullivan County 
 to Oxford, Chenango Co., and thence westward, to be 
 known as the " National Appian Way." In 1807, 
 Newburgh sent John DeWitt, Francis Crawford, 
 Samuel Sackett, and Daniel Stringham to explore 
 the route, at least in part, and report upon its feasi- 
 bility. After performing their tasks, the committee 
 submitted a favorable report ;* but it was deemed 
 that the county was then too weak to engage in a 
 work of such magnitude, and its further prosecution 
 was dropped, although by the Cochecton and its sub- 
 sequent connections it was partially accomjjlished. 
 
 Aroused from their indifference to progress, parties 
 in Kingston determined if possible to counteract the 
 enterprise of Newburgh, and to that end oljtained in- 
 corporation for the " First Southwestern Turnpike 
 Company." But scarcely was their undertaking under 
 way when the "Ulster and Orange Branch Turnpike 
 Company" was chartered (April 11, 1808), the act for 
 the incorporation of which authorized Walter Bur- 
 ling, Elnathan Sears, Henry Patmore, Jr., David Mil- 
 liken, Elias Miller, Charles Johnston, John Crosby, 
 Alexander Thompson, Jr., and their associates to 
 build a turnpike-road from the Newburgh and Co- 
 checton, in the town of Montgomery, to the " Great 
 Southwestern," in Liberty, by the way of Newkirk's 
 Mills, on the Shawangunk River, Roosa's Pass, and 
 the falls of tlie Neversink. The capital was fixed at 
 $80,000. With the " Great Southwestern" as the ob- 
 jective-point, the "Newburgh and Sullivan Turnpike 
 Company" followed in 1810, with a capital of $3o,000. 
 James Rumsey, Cornelius Bruyu, Abraham Jansen, 
 John D. Lawson, John McAuley, Moses Rosenkranse, 
 Nicholas Hardenburgh, and Johannes T. Jansen, its 
 incorporators, and their associates, were authorized to 
 construct a turnpike " from the northern part of the vil- 
 lage of Newburgh," on the most direct and convenient 
 route, "through Rocky F'orestand New Hurley, cross- 
 ing the Wallkill at or near Bryan's bridge, thence on 
 either the southerly or northerly bounds of lot No. 2, 
 granted to Gerardus Beekman, where the ground will 
 admit, to the Hoag-bergh road ; thence to the Sha- 
 wangunk Kill, crossing the same at or near Nicolas 
 
 * " Erpemea of Appian Way. 
 " Hugh Walsh, chairman of the Dieeting of the inhabitants of New- 
 burgh in account with Joliu DeWitt, Fraueis Crawford, Samuel Sacket, 
 anil Daniel Stringliain : 
 
 " 18U7. June 24, to ani't uf our expenses for 
 
 ourselves and hoi'ses £16 lOs. %d. 
 
 To cash paid shoeing Sacket's horse 7 6 
 
 To cash paid setting shoes, Mr. Crawford's 
 
 horse 2 
 
 To one State map 14 
 
 To cash paid Uiram Weller for the use of his 
 
 horse per. I. D. W. 15 days 6 
 
 To cash paid Sacket 5 9 10 
 
 £30 
 1807. June 10, By cash received by Jacob 
 Powell («7oJ £30 0" 
 
 ^1 
 
TURNPIKES. 
 
 113 
 
 Jansen's saw-mill ; thence on to Shawangunk Moun- 
 tains, crossing the same at or near Sam's Point, or 
 pass thence through Wawarsinlc, to a point at or near 
 Neversink Falls." The expressed object of the com- 
 pany was "to open a communication through the 
 western country," but its true purpose was to tap the 
 " Great Southwestern," which had been extended to 
 Chenango Point, wliere a bridge was to be constructed. 
 
 In 1809 an imi>ortant connection with the New- 
 bnrgh and Cochecton turnpike was chartered under 
 the name of "The President, Directors, and Com- 
 pany of the Minisink and Montgomery Turnpike 
 Road." Its incorporators were James Finch, Jr., 
 Reuben Neely, Benjamin B. Newkirk, Benjamin 
 Woodward, David G. Finch, Jacob Mills, Alsop Vail, 
 Jr., Jacob Cuddeback, Richard Shinscr, and their 
 associates, and its capital $35,000. The line of the 
 road began "at the New Jersey State line, near the 
 house of Benjamin Carpenter, in the town of Mini- 
 sink," and from thence ran "across the Shawangunk 
 Mountains to the house of David G. Finch, in the 
 town of Deerpark ; from thence to or near the house 
 of Benjamin Woodward, in the town of Wallkill, and 
 thence on the most direct and eligible route to inter- 
 sect the Newburgh and Cochecton turnpike-road west 
 of the eastern line of Union Street, in the village of 
 Montgomery." 
 
 A northwestern branch or connection with this 
 read was chartered in 1812, under the name of the 
 " Mount Hope and Lumberland Turnpike Company." 
 The capital of this company was $35,000, and its in- 
 corporators were James Finch, Jr., Elisha Reeve, 
 William A. Cuddeback, William Young, Jr., Rich- 
 ard Penny, Charles Murray, Thomas Everson, and 
 Lebius Godfrey. The line of the road began " on the 
 Minisink and Montgomery turnpike, between the 
 dwelling-house of Dr. Benjamin B. Newkirk and the 
 store occupied by Benj. Dodge, in the town of Wall- 
 kill," and ran thence across the " Shawangunk 
 Mountains at the pass near Jonathan Sares', in the 
 town of Deerpark ; thence to the Bu.sh Kill landing 
 on the Neversink River, in the county of Sullivan; 
 and thence to the Big Eddy, or Narrows, on the 
 Delaware River, or to intersect the contemplated 
 road from Big Eddy to Snooks' bridge over the Nev- 
 ersink River." Mr. Quinlan states that George D. 
 Wickham, of Goshen, who owned three-fourths of the 
 land in the present town of Tusteu, was the father of 
 this road, and himself and John Duer, of Goshen, 
 Benjamin Woodward, Benjamin Dodge, and Benja- 
 min B. Newkirk, of Mount Hope, and William A. 
 Cuddeback and Abraham Cuddeback, of Deerpark, 
 were its directors. Work was not commenced until 
 after the war of 1812 had closed, when the road was 
 completed as far as Narrowsburgh, and under an act 
 of the Legislature of Pennsylvania was extended to 
 Honesdale. Two years previous to its charter (1810) 
 a charter was granted to the " Narrowsburgh Bridge 
 Company," — Jeremiah Lillie, Jonathan Dexter, 
 
 Chauncey Belknap, Thomas Belknap, Samuel F. 
 Jones, William A. Thompson, William W. Sackett, 
 Samuel Preston, and Francis Crawford, directors. 
 The company was authorized to build a substantial 
 bridge, twenty-five feet wide, "across the Delaware 
 Rivfir at the Narrows, in the Big Eddy, in the county 
 of Sullivan," and to collect tolls. It was the con- 
 necting link between the Mount Hope and Honesdale 
 roads, and although both have ceased to be turnpikes 
 the bridge company and its bridge remain, the pres- 
 ent structure having been erected in 1847. " These 
 improvements," Mr. Quinlan adds, " were for the 
 double purpose of providing an outlet for a territory 
 of Sullivan rich in valuable timber, and to bring 
 towards the Hudson the agricultural products of the 
 • county between the Delaware and the Susquehanna, 
 to be exchanged for merchandise." 
 
 The construction of turnpikes was by no means 
 confined to the Sullivan County lines. " The New 
 Windsor and Blooming-Grove Company" was char- 
 tered April 3, 1801, — capital $7500. Its incorporators 
 were .lohn Chandler, Richard Goldsmith, William 
 Adams, James Carpenter, William A. Thompson, 
 Abraham Schultz, Hezekiah Howell, Johannes 
 I Decker, Jonathan Brooks, Jr., Thomas A. Thompson, 
 j Isaac Schultz, and John Gale, Jr. The line of the 
 road was " from the village of New Windsor to the 
 I intersection of the Goshen and Warwick road." In 
 ' 1809 the "Goshen and Minisink Turnpike Company" 
 was chartered, — capital $20,000. Incorporators, Wil- 
 1 liam Thompson, William Wickham, Reuben Hop- 
 kins, George D. Wickham, Peter Gale, James Eldred, 
 Increase B. Stoddard, and Benjamin Sawyer. The 
 line of the road " began at the Delaware River, near 
 the house of Benjamin Carpenter, in the town of 
 Minisink, and ran from thence to or near the house 
 of Increase B. Stoddard, and from thence on the most 
 eligible route to the court-house in Goshen, intersect- 
 ing the Wallkill River near the outlet bridge." June 
 1, 1812, the company was authorized to extend the 
 road from Goshen to the New Windsor and Bloom- 
 ing-Grove turnpike. In 1816 the "Blooming-Grove 
 and Gray Court Turnpike Company" was incorpo- 
 ' rated, — capital $60,000. Incorporators, Hector Craig, 
 Samuel MofFatt, Selah Strong, John Brooks, and 
 their associates. The road ran from the Blooming- 
 Grove and New Windsor turnpike, " near the dwell- 
 ing-house of Samuel Moffatt; thence to or near the 
 Blooming-Grove church," etc., "keeping the track 
 of the present road as nearly as may be convenient," 
 to the dwelling-house of Joseph Brewster; thence 
 to the grist-mill of Hector Craig, and thence to 
 the Warwick road. In 1810 " the Warwick and 
 Minisink Turnpike Company" was chartered, — cap- 
 ital $22,500. Incorporators, John Hathorn, John 
 Wheeler, Jacobus Post, Robert Farrier, Cornelius 
 Lezear, Jeti'ry Wisner, John Wisner, Jr., Increase B. 
 Stoddard, David Christie, Richard Whitaker, and 
 their associates. The line began " between the 
 
114 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 twenty-ninth and thirtieth inile-stone" on tlif l)oiin(l- 
 ary line of New York and New Jersey, and ran 
 thence northwesterly through the village of Amity to 
 the Pochuck bridge; thenee to the southerly margin 
 of the Drowned Lands; an<l thence "on the most 
 eligible and direct route to intersect the Goshen and 
 Minisink turnpike-road on the east side of the Slia- 
 wangunk Mountains, between the house of Increase 
 B. Stoddard and the great bog-meadow, commonly 
 called Green's bog-meadow." In 1812 the "Goshen 
 and Westtown Turnpike Conqiany" was incor|)orated, 
 — cajiital $1 7,50(1. Incorjiorators, Reuben Hopkins, 
 Freegift Tuthill, Benjamin Strong, Stephen Jackson, 
 James Carpenter, David M. Westcott, John G. Hur- 
 tin, and their associates. The line began " at the line 
 which divides tlie States of New York and New Jer- 
 sey, between the fortieth and forty-first mile-stone," 
 and extended thence to tlie village of M'csttown ; 
 thence to Rutgers' Kill, near the mill of Jones & Van 
 Cleft; thence to Pellet's round bill, near the edge of 
 Wallkill ; and theuce on the most eligible route to 
 intersect the Goshen and Minisink turnpike near the 
 village of Goshen." It will readily be observed by 
 those familiar with the lines described that the New 
 Windsor and Blooming-Grove turnpike, through its 
 connections, became a trunk line from Minisink to 
 the Hudson, with intersecting branches traversing an 
 extensive district in the wowtern ])art of the county. 
 
 The " Newburgh and New Windsor Turn]nke Com- 
 pany" was chartered April 2, 1806, — capital $5000. 
 Charles Clinton, Daniel Stringham, John McAuley, 
 George Monell, Hugh Walsh, Isaac Hasbrouck, Selah 
 Reeve, Joseph Morrell, Abraham Shultz, Richard 
 Trimble, Jonas Williams, John D. Nicoll, and Haniuel 
 Lockwood were its incorporators. The road ran from 
 the south side of Renwick Street, in the village of 
 Newburgh, "along the margin of Hudson's River," 
 to the village of New Windsor, with atoll-bridge over 
 Qaussaick Creek. In 1801) the " New Windsor and 
 Cornwall Turnpike Company" was chartered, — ca|)- 
 ital $30,000. Its incorporators were Michael Smith, 
 William A. Clark, William Jackson, Nathaniel Sands, 
 Joseph Morrell, Zebulon Townsend, John Coffey, and 
 those who should be associated with them. Its line 
 ran " from the south end of the Newburgh and New 
 Windsor turnjiike, in the village of New Windsor; 
 thence crossing the Murderer's Creek at or near where 
 the toll-bridge now stands ; thence through the village 
 of Canterbury, near the bouse of Stephen Crissey ; 
 thence through the town of Monroe, passing near the 
 mills of ZebuloM Townsend, till it shall intersect the 
 Orange turnpike-road at or near the house of Adam 
 Belcher, in the said town of Monroe." For the con- 
 nection which this road establisluMl reference can be 
 made to the Orange turn])ike, (be (Joshen and Mon- 
 roe turnpike, and the Monroe and Haverstraw turn- 
 pike. 
 
 In 1810 the "Newburgh and Plattekill Turnpike 
 Company" was chartered, — capital $14,000. Jacob 
 
 Powell, Daniel Smith, John Wells, Jonathan Bailey, 
 Justus Cooley, and Henry Butterworth were its in- 
 corporators. Its line ran north from Newburgh to 
 Plattekill, in Ulster County, where it was connecteil 
 with the New Paltz and Plattekill and the Marlbor- 
 ough and Plattekill turnpikes, the main line through 
 New Paltz extending to Kingston. 
 
 In 1815 the "Snake Hill Turnpike t!ompany" was 
 chartered, — capital $14,000. Jonathan Hasbrouck, 
 William Taylor, Hiram Wheeler, Nathaniel DuMois, 
 and Jonathan Hedges were its incorporators. Its line 
 ran from the Cochecton turnpike to DuBois' grist- 
 mill at West Newburgh, and thence along the foot of 
 Muchattoes Hill to the New Windsor and Blooming- 
 Grove turnpike. In 1819 its line was extended by 
 the " Clove Turnpike Koad," — capital $3000; inccn-- 
 porators, Nathaniel DuBois, Jacob Carpenter, Jona- 
 than Hedges, and Jonathan Hasbrouck, — which ran 
 from the point where the Snake Hill turnpike-road 
 intersected the New Windsor and Blooming-Grove 
 turnpike-road, and thence to the New Windsor and 
 Cornwall turnpike-road at the foot of the mountain, 
 near the house of Samuel Seaman. The entire line 
 crossed every road from the west to the village of New 
 Windsor. Its special object was to develop the lands 
 of Nathaniel DuBois and Jonathan Hasbrouck, who 
 were incori)orators in both companies. 
 
 In 1800 the " Dunderlierg and Clove Turnpike 
 Company"' was chartered, — capital $20,000. Incor- 
 porators, Alexander McComb, William Bell, John 
 Coffey, Thomas Donavan, liobert Lamoreux, and 
 Zebulon Townsend. Its line began "at Joshua Cald- 
 well's ferry, at the east point of the Dunderberg 
 Mountains," and ran along the west side of Hudson's 
 River to or near Doddletown ; from thence to 
 Queensborough Furnace; and from thence northwest- 
 erly to the road running through Smith's Clove at or 
 near the house of Robert Lamoreux, in the town of 
 Monroe. By subsequent legislation the company was 
 authorized to extend the road " from the northwest 
 end thereof to the stage road leading from Albany to 
 the city of New York, to intersect the said stage road 
 at or near the dwelling-house of John Smith, in the 
 town of Monroe." 
 
 The "Fort Montgomery Turnpike Company" was 
 chartered April 9, 1814. Its incorporatin's were 
 Nathan Smith, Benjamin Roosa, Sclah Smith, Robert 
 Davenport, David Havens, and James Davis. Its 
 capital was $10,000, and its road began "at or near 
 Fort Montgomery, and near the landing" then "occu- 
 pied by Nathan and Selah Smith," and ran from 
 thence northwesterly "to the Fore.st of Dean mire- 
 hole; thence southwesterly to the Dunderberg and 
 Clove tuinidkc, near or at the hou.se of Isaac Hollet, 
 in the town of Monroe." 
 
 In 1810 the " Bellvale and Monroe Turnpike Com- 
 pany" was chartered, — capital $9000. Incorporators, 
 William Noble, Isaac Vander Zer, Joel Wheeler, 
 Stephen Bartholf, and associates. The line of the 
 
 I 
 I 
 
TURNPIKES. 
 
 115 
 
 road began " at or near Bellvale mills, in the town of 
 Warwick, and from thence on the most eligible route 
 to the Orange turnpike, to intersect the same at or 
 near tlie dwelling-house of Benjamin Bennett, in the 
 town of Monroe." 
 
 In 1812 the " Merritt's Island Turnpike Company" 
 was incorporated, — capital $10,000. Incorporators, 
 John Wheeler, William Thompson, Joshua Sayre, 
 George D. Wickham, Michael A. Jones, Robert 
 Ferrier, Moses Wisner, and those who should be asso- 
 ciated with them. The line of the road began "on 
 the east side of the Drowned Lands, in the town of 
 Warwick," and ran from thence to Pine Island ; 
 thence to Pochuck Creek, near the house of Moses 
 Wisner; thence to Merritt's Island ; and thence across 
 the Wallkill to the mainland on the west side of the 
 Drowned Lands, in lot No. 4 in the first division of 
 the Drowned Lands. 
 
 April 9, 1813, the "Great Island Turnpike Com- 
 pany" was chartered. Its capital stock was .i!l5,000. 
 Incorporators, Reuben Hopkins, Gideon Jennings, 
 Daniel Millspaugh, Archibald Owen, and Nathaniel 
 Wheeler. The line of the road began " on the road 
 leading from the Goshen court-house to Florida, at or 
 near the place where the south line of the Goshen 
 town-lots cross the same, and ran " from thence across 
 the Little an<l Great Islands, and from thence to the 
 line of the State of New Jersey, to intersect the same 
 between the thirty-fourth and tliirty-cighth mile- 
 stone." 
 
 In 1818 the "White Oak Island Turnpike Com- 
 pany" was chartered, — capital $5000. Its incorpo- 
 ratfirs were Samuel S. Seward,' Jesse Jayne, Thomas 
 Sweezy, Samuel Tuthill, John Curtice, James Vail, 
 John W. Vanderolf, Robert Carr, William A. Smith, 
 and Horace Dibble. Its line began " at or 'near the 
 church in the village of Florida," and ran from thence 
 to the northwest point of Round Hill, and from thence 
 to the Great and Merritt's Islands turnpike, on White 
 Oak Island. The "Gardner's Island Turnpike Com- 
 pany" was chartered the same year, — capital $1.5,000. 
 Incorporators, William Thompson, John Bradner, 
 Jesse Woods, Roger Howell, and George D. Wickham. 
 The line of the road began "at or near the intersec- 
 tion of the Merritt's Island and Great Island turn- 
 pike on Pine Island," and ran from "thence across the 
 Drowned Lands and Pochuck Kill to Gardner's 
 Island, and from thence across the Drowned Lands, 
 by or near the house of Jesse Woods, to the Jersey 
 line." 
 
 In 1823 and '24 two additional connections were 
 made with the Orange turnpike. First, the " Goshen 
 and Monroe Turnpike Company," chartered in 1823, — 
 capital $7000. Its incorporators were Roger Par- 
 mele, John Wallace, Thomas G. Evans, Lewis H. 
 Roe, Nathaniel Roe, Cornelius Board, and those who 
 should associate with them. The line of the road 
 began " at the court-house in Goshen," and ran thence 
 to Chester; thence to the "Orange turnpike between 
 
 the first and second mile-stones." The second, "The 
 Monroe and Haverstraw Turnpike Company," was 
 incorporated in 1824, capital not stated. Its incorpo- 
 rators were Roger Parniele, Joseph Blackwell, Henry 
 McFarland, George Kyle, Robert Parkinson, Samp- 
 son Marks, Abraham Gurnee, Abraham Goetchius, 
 George Wyant, ^Matthew Benson, Walter Brewster, 
 Samuel Brewster, Samuel Goetchius, Samuel Smith, 
 John Suft'ern, Edward D. Noyelles, Lawrence D. 
 Noyelles, John F. Smith, Adam Dater, .lacob Marks, 
 Elias Gurnee, John B. Secor, John Rose, Jacob Odell, 
 Harraan Felter, " and their heirs and assigns." The 
 road ran from the Orange turnpike, " near Parmele's 
 slitting-mill," to the " creek landing on Hudson's 
 River, in the town of Haverstraw." 
 
 The list of turnpikes is completed with the " Otis- 
 ville Turnpike Company," which was chartered Feb. 
 19, 1828. The capital of this company was $6000. 
 Its incorporators were Stacey Beakes, Isaac Otis, Levi 
 Wcstbrook, and Abner P. Gillet. The line of the road 
 began " at or near the dwelling-house of Isaac Otis, 
 in the town of Calhoun" (MountHope),and ran thence 
 " along the centre of the old road to the dwelling of 
 said Isaac Otis, and from thence to Westbrook's basin 
 on the Hudson and Delaware Canal, in the county of 
 Sullivan." 
 
 From this enumeration it will be seen that during 
 the first quarter of the present century, and principally 
 within its first decade, the people of the county in- 
 vested not less than half a million of dollars in the 
 construction of turnpikes. Viewed from the stand- 
 jioint of the present, the sum was not large ; but con- 
 sidered in connection with the condition of the people 
 and the value of money at the time when the expen- 
 diture was made, when the population, ranging from 
 thirty thousand to forty thousand, had scarcely 
 emerged from the poverty entailed by the Revolu- 
 tion, and when they were suffering from the embarass- 
 ments of the embargo and the war of 1S12, it assumes 
 a different aspect, and clearly establishes the extent 
 of the traffic which demanded the outlay and the 
 energy with which it was undertaken and consum- 
 mated. As already remarked, the results of the 
 system were largely to the advantage of Newburgh, 
 changing, as it did, the commercial centre from New 
 Windsor, and establishing at Newburgh extensive 
 connection with western New York. In 1819 the 
 trade of Newburgh had reached Canandaigua by turn- 
 pikes, over which passed stage-coaches conveying 
 ])assengers, and freight wagons laden with goods. 
 During the summer of that year a company was or- 
 ganized for the construction of a steamer on Cayuga 
 Lake, with a view to extend the route southward to 
 Ithaca. The first meeting of the stockholders of this 
 company was held at Ithaca, December 20th, when 
 David Woodcock, Oliver Phelps, James Pompelly, Jo- 
 seph Benjamin, and Lewis Tooker were chosen direc- 
 tors, who aj^pointed David Woodcock, president, 
 Charles W. Conner, treasurer, Charles Humphrey, sec- 
 
IIH 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 retary, and Oliver Plielps, agent. The people of New- 
 burgh were asked to contribute thesum otone thousand 
 dollars to the enterprise. Nineteen hundred dollars, 
 however, were immediately subscribed and paid; and 
 in 1820 the first steamer on Cayuga Lake |)lied in 
 connection with stage lines from Newburgh, "per- 
 forming the route to Ithaca in two days." In 1834 
 the line was extended to Geneva and Buffalo, and the 
 entire route from New York via Newburgh to Buf- 
 falo was performed in sixty-five hours, " the shortest 
 and most expeditious route from the Hudson River to 
 the western country."* 
 
 This western commerce was materially impaired by 
 the construction of the Erie Canal in 1825, while that 
 which was less remote was similarly ati'ected by the 
 Delaware and Hudson Canal in 1828. The latter, 
 extending from Rondout to Port Jervis, and from 
 thence to Honesdale, crossed the track of all the turn- 
 pike connections with Sullivan County west of the 
 Shawangunk Mountains, and was fatal to several of 
 them. The statement made by Mr. Quinlan — " the 
 territory that this road would have accommodated 
 would have supported the turnpike had it not been 
 for the construction of the Delaware and Hudson 
 Canal" — has a more general application than to the 
 Mount Hope and Lumberland road. In common with 
 other residents in the southern tier of counties, the 
 people of Orange felt that injustice had been done to 
 them in the construction of the Erie Canal, and were 
 ready to ask the State for aid to counteract the in- 
 jurious results of that enterprise which they were ex- 
 periencing. At this juncture McAdam had satisfac- 
 torily demonstrated to many that a stone road was 
 superior to all others, and it was urged that the State 
 should build one from Buffalo to the Hudson. The 
 proposition was favorably considered by the Legis- 
 lature, and commissioners were appointed to survey 
 the different routes. Perhaps the road would have 
 been built could there have been a satisfactory termi- 
 nus on the Hudson selected, but Catskill, Pougli- 
 keepsie, and Newburgh labored to secure it.t The 
 commissioners reported in favor of Catskill, and the 
 remainder of the story is soon told: the bill author- 
 izing the building of the road was defeated in the 
 Legislature in March, 1826. But the seed planted 
 
 * The following items arc from "Williaine' Annual Register" for 
 1834: 
 
 '* Stage Lines. — Newburgh and Geneva mail stage, nia Binglianiton, 
 Owego, ami Ithaca, leaves Newburgh daily at 2 oV-louk A.M. (after ar- 
 rival of night boats frura New York and Albany). Newlmrgh and 
 Qoslien stage daily at 9 a.m. 
 
 ^' Distances from Netchuryh to Ithncn, Genevtiy and Bvjfalo. 
 
 Mojitrose 20 110 
 
 New York State Line 23 l:i3 
 
 Montgomery 12 
 
 Bluomiugbnrgh 12 24 
 
 Rome 3 27 
 
 Monticello 1» 40 
 
 OiehfCton 20 HO 
 
 Mount Ph'a.sant 2.i 83 
 
 Tuuchannotk 7 90 
 
 Owego K 141 
 
 Itha.a 29 170 
 
 GiMieva 46 195 
 
 BuHalo loij 301 
 
 Portland on Lake Erie 60 361 
 
 by Gen. Clinton in his grand "Appian Way," and 
 partially brought to fruit in tlie Newburgh and Co- 
 checton turnpike and its western connections, had 
 not been seconded by McAdam with utterly barren 
 results, — it made the construction of the Erie Railroad 
 possible. 
 
 But while commercial relations with the west were 
 impaired by the Erie and Delaware Canals, the terri- 
 tory unaffected by those avenues had received in- 
 creased development through the turnpikes which 
 had been constructed, and poured its abundant har- 
 vests upon the Hudson River entrepots. The trade of 
 Cornwall and New WindsorJ was large, while that of 
 Newburgh was unprecedented in its previous history. 
 The years 1835, 1836, and 1837 were especially 
 marked by substantial business activity, as well as by 
 that which formed a part of the unsubstantial ven- 
 tures of the times. Speaking of this period, the Rev. 
 James R. Willson, in an address delivered before the 
 Newburgh Literary Association, remarked, "The 
 average arrivals and departures daily, estimated to- 
 gether, cannot fall much short of three hundred, or 
 eighty-four thousand in one season. The sections of 
 country in the interior, occupied by these travelers, 
 are generally connected with this village by some 
 commercial ligament. Great numbers of these trans- 
 act much business here. From late estimates of the 
 daily amount of exports from Newburgh, it would 
 seem that in one season they cannot fall much below 
 four and one-half millions of dollars." But this 
 flood-tide of fortune was practically the close of the 
 old era of trade and commerce, an era which now 
 lives only in traditions of turnpike travel, and of long 
 caravans of farmers' wagons — the .lersey wagons, 
 the Pennsylvania wagons, the county wagons, and 
 the Ulster and Sullivan County wagons — laden with 
 produce for market, or returning with merchandise, 
 many of which stopped short at Goshen when the 
 Erie road reached that village in 1841, and gave to it 
 a temporary activity, and which, as a peculiar feature 
 of that era, few persons now living remember as a re- 
 ality with which they were familiar, but which many 
 do as the source of the wealth which they have in- 
 herited. 
 
 INTERNAL IMPROVE.MENTS. 
 
 It is not our [lurpose to discuss the question of the 
 origin of the system of internal improvements in the 
 State, or to attach to any one jierson the honor due to 
 many in their development. They were eminently 
 the outgrowth of what may be termed natural causes. 
 
 X Practically the commerce of New Windsor entered upon its decay at 
 the opening of the century, and continued witli decreasing volume until 
 it closed. Tlie census gives the following compaiative figures : 
 
 Aeip Windsor. 
 
 Population, 1782 1,132 
 
 1790 1,819 
 
 f David Riiggles. Selah Reeve, Jonathan Fisk, Ward M. Gazlay, and 
 Thomas Phillips, .Jr., wel'e appointed a committee to take chai-ge ot the 
 interests of Newburgh in the nuitter, at a public meeting in January, 
 1826. 
 
 Neichurgk. 
 
 Population, 1782 1,487 
 
 1790 2,365 
 
 ISOll 3,2.'i8 
 
 1810 4.li27 
 
 " 1820 5,812 
 
 " 1865 12,773 
 
 1875 (city) 17,322 
 
 " 1875 (town) 3,538 
 
 1800 2.001 
 
 1810 2,331 
 
 1820 2,425 
 
 1855 2,6.65 
 
 1875 2,465 
 
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 117 
 
 Going back to the colonial era, we find tlie province 
 peculiarly fortunate in its natural system of water- 
 communication. Then, to the iiortli, at tlie head of 
 boat-navigation, the Hudson was connected by an 
 easy portage with Lakes George and Champlain, and 
 through them with the St. Lawrence, the great river 
 of the Canadas ; whilst to the west the Mohawk, 
 the principal affluent of the Hudson, gave easy access, 
 scarcely interrupted by a lew short portages, to the 
 basin of the great lakes and to the magnificent river 
 system of the Mississippi. Like many of our old 
 roads, these water-routes had been followed by the 
 Indians in their canoes for ages. Iinjiortant beyond 
 present appreciation for the purposes of either com- 
 merce or of war during the colonial era, their improve- 
 ment became a matter of earnest thought before the 
 war of the Revolution came on, nor was it lost sight 
 of during that eventful period, for we find Governor 
 Clinton, in 1780, inviting Washington to a survey, and 
 the latter accompanying him to Albany and Saratoga, 
 that he might, from personal inspection, be able to 
 contribute practical suggestions. In 1792 we have 
 the report of a committee appointed by the directors 
 of the " Western Iidand Lock-Navigation Company" 
 to examine the Mohawk River from Schenectady to 
 Fort Schuyler, who found that tlie uninterrupted lock- 
 navigation could be secured by an expenditure of one 
 hundred and fifty thousand dollars. In 1800, Gover- 
 neur Morris suggested a direct canal from Lake Erie 
 to the Hudson, through the centre of the State. His 
 plan was to tap the lakes and have a continuous slope 
 therefrom to the highlands bordering the Hudson, and 
 a series of locks thence to the river. The subject was 
 discussed until in 1808, James Geddes was appointed 
 to survey a canal route. His report excited general 
 attention, and .secured the ready apjiroval of DeWitt 
 Clinton, who, through his connection with his uncle, 
 Governor George Clinton, and his conversations with 
 his father, James Clinton, was already thoroughly in- 
 doctrinated with the object the accomplishment of 
 which was sought. In 1810 commissioners, of whom 
 DeWitt Clinton was the head, were appointed to ex- 
 plore a canal route through the centre of the State. 
 The commissioners reported in 1811, and presented 
 the importance of the improvement so forcibly that 
 they were continued and authorized to borrow and 
 deposit money and take cessions of land. During the 
 war of 1812 the project was held in abeyance, but in 
 1811) a definite survey was authorized, and on the 4th 
 of July, 1817, the work of construction was begun at i 
 Rome. On the 26th of October, 1825, DeWitt Clin- [ 
 ton, then Governor, and who for fifteen years had de- 
 voted the best efforts of his life to the accomplishment | 
 of the work, entered the canal on his packet-boat at 
 Buffalo, and arrived at New York on the 4th of No- 
 vember, his coming heralded by signal cannon and 
 blazing beacon-fires. But great as was the work which 
 had then been accomplished, it was found crude and 
 imperfect, and improvement after improvement has 
 
 been added to it, until, with its connections, its orig- 
 inal cost has been multiplied many times, but can 
 never exceed the great fund of wealth and develop- 
 ment which it has given to the State. 
 
 No doubt there were many men who regarded the 
 construction of the Erie Canal as a visionary project ; 
 and we are not sure that had we been living at that 
 time we might not have been one of the number, and 
 still less are we sure that we might not have regarded 
 the project of Maurice Wurtz — who proposed to tap 
 the coal-fields of Pennsylvania with railroad and canal 
 and place a hundred thousand tons of anthracite coal 
 on the New York market annually, at a time when 
 six thousand tons would glut all the cities on the 
 Atlantic coast^ — as a monomaniac; yet Maurice Wurtz, 
 with the aid of his brother William, and some people 
 who are now regarded as eminently sensible and far- 
 seeing, accomplished the task whereunto he was called. 
 Directly touching the county of (grange, the Dela- 
 ware and Hudson Canal was the first of the system 
 of improvements which now intersect and bisect it in 
 almost all directions — the trunk lines of railroads and 
 their connecting branches, which have revolutionized 
 its commercial avenues and placed it in the first rank 
 of wealth and development. After many fruitless 
 surveys to find a practical route to the Hudson, being 
 debarred from Newburgh by the Shawangunk Moun- 
 tains, the old Indian trail (the Mine road route) was 
 adopted. The company was incorporated April 23, 
 1823, with a capital of *1,500,000, with the right to 
 use $50,000 in banking until 1844, and the credit of 
 the State was loaned for $800,000 in stock. The canal 
 was begun in July, 1825, and opened for use in Octo- 
 ber, 1828. Its length from Rondout to Port Jervis is 
 fifty-nine miles ; from Port Jervis to the Lakawaxen, 
 twenty-four miles ; from Lakawaxen to Honesdale, 
 twenty-six miles ; thence by sixteen miles of railroads 
 to the coal-fields. The original cost of the New York 
 section was 11,424,994, and of the Pennsylvania sec- 
 tion (under charter from Pennsylvania), $612,123. 
 The first locomotive engine in America was imported 
 from England, and used on the road from Honesdale. 
 The canal runs through the town of Deerpark, from 
 Port Jervis at the south, on the Delaware, to Cudde- 
 backville, and on to the line of the town on the north, 
 and adds $300,000 to its real estate valuation. 
 
 With a view to counteract the detrimental effect of 
 the opening of the Delaware Canal, the people of 
 Newburgh, in 1820, united in the organization of a 
 company for the construction of a railroad to connect 
 with the coal-fields of Pennsylvania, and on the 30th 
 of April, 1830, the Legislature pa-ssed an act consti- 
 tuting and appointing David Crawford, Christopher 
 Reeve, John P. DeWint, Thomas Powell, Joshua 
 Conger, Charles Borland, William Walsh, John 
 Forsyth, and their associates, "a boily corporate and 
 politic by the name of the Hudson and Delaware 
 Railroad Company," for the purpose of constructing 
 a single or double railroad or way from any part of 
 
118 
 
 HTSTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 the village of Newburgh, through the county of Orange, 
 to the Delaware River. The ca]iital of the company 
 was fixed at §500,000, with power to increase the same 
 to $1,000,000, if necessary; and David Crawford, 
 Charles Borland, Peter Cuddeback, Thomas Powell, 
 J. P. DeWint, Joseph Kernochan, Peter H. Schenck, 
 and John W. Knevels were appointed commissioners 
 to open subscriptions. This act, however, became 
 void, no eft'ort having been made to build the road 
 " within three years" after the time of its passage. 
 
 Meanwhile, the present New York, Lake Erie and 
 Western Railroad was struggling into being. As 
 already intimated, this project was the outgrowth of 
 Gen. Clinton's " Appian Way" and McAdam's stone 
 road ; but it may be added that the Baltimore experi- 
 ment of 1829, of cars furnished with masts and sails 
 and propelled by wind, had not a little to do in finally 
 cradling it. Aroused by a pamphlet issued at that 
 time, in which the writer, advocating an "Atlantic 
 and Mississippi Railway," running at least partially 
 on the present line of the Erie, a convention of dele- 
 gates from all the southern coinities of the State, ex- 
 cept Orange and Rockland, was held at Owego, on the 
 20th of December, 1831, at which it was resolved to 
 apply to the Legislature for a charter for a railroad 
 from Lake Erie to the Hudson. We say a railroad, 
 but not in the sense that the term is now understood, 
 for the proposition was to make a road suitable for the 
 use of horses, so that the inhabitants who lived along 
 the route could employ their own cars and motive- 
 power. "Animal power," said the manager, "may 
 be considered the natural power of the country ; and 
 on long routes, where great inequalities in the amount 
 of transport and travel will occur, where the com- 
 modities to be conveyed, instead of jiresenting a reg- 
 ular supply, will probably amount to many times as 
 much some months as others, the use of horses may 
 be expected, for a time at least, to be practically 
 cheaper than steam." A road for locomotives, it was 
 agreed, would cost from twelve thousand to fourteen 
 thousand dollars per mile, while one for animals could 
 be made for five thousand or six thousand dollars, and 
 on the latter the company would be at no expense for 
 engine.s, carriages, etc. To carry out this magnificent 
 plan one million of dollars was all that was asked. 
 Books of subscription were opened July 9, 183.3, and 
 the amount subscribed. Unfortunately, however, a 
 large part of the stock was taken by one William G. 
 Buckner, who, on the last day and at the last moment, 
 took all that was not secured by others. A year 
 passed, during which the company did not i-eceive 
 enough from its stockholders and others to make ne- 
 cessary .surveys. In 1834 the Legislature was ap- 
 pealed to to grant fifteen thousand dollars to enable 
 Benjamin Wright and his subordinates to examine 
 the route. The amount asked was granted, and the 
 survey made, but it failed to give vitality to the pro- 
 ject. In 1835 the Legislature was petitioned to ena- 
 ble the State to become a stockholder. 
 
 It was at this point in the history of the road that, 
 on the ■30th of November, 1835, a meeting of the citi- 
 zens of Newburgh was held at the Orange Hotel (pur- 
 •suant to a call signed by David Ruggles, John For- 
 syth, Nathaniel DuBois, Charles H. Bellows, Oliver 
 Davis, and David Crawford ), of which Gilbert O. 
 Fowler was chosen president, Nathaniel DuBois, vice- 
 president, and John W. Knevels, secretary. The sub- 
 jects discussed at this meeting were mainly these 
 two, viz. : What course should be pur.-)Ued in refer- 
 ence to an application to the Legislature for a sub- 
 scription on the part of the State to the New York 
 and Erie Railroad Company; and, the feasibility of 
 uniting the Hudson and Delaware road with that of 
 the New York and Erie. The meeting 
 
 '* H&toh^ed, Thnt we will unite in tlie application to tlie Legislature for 
 a suliscription on the part of the State to the stock of the New York and 
 Erie Railroad Compauy. That we will also juin in a petition to the Leg- 
 islature for the grant of a chai ter upon liheral terms incorporating a 
 company to construct a railway from this village to the Delaware Kiver, 
 and that we will hear our proportion according to our several means in 
 suhBcription to the stock. 
 
 " Heaolaed, That a committee of five pei'sons be appointed to coniniu- 
 niCHte with the directors of the New York and Erie Railroad Company, 
 and present to them a proposition (as detailed to the meeting) for uniting 
 tlie efforts of the inhabitants of this vicinity with that company iu the 
 successful prosecution of the project for constructing a railroad from Lake 
 Erie to the Hudson River." 
 
 On this committee the following persons were 
 placed, viz.: John W. Knevels, Nathaniel DuBois, 
 Oliver Davis, and G. O. Fowler. The following reso- 
 lution was unanimously concurred in, viz. : 
 
 " RemU'ed, That a committee be appointed whose duty it shall be to 
 give the required legal notice in the puplic newspapers of our intention 
 to apply for an act of incorporation for the construction of a railway 
 from the village of Newburgh to the Delaware River; to prepare and 
 circulate petitions to the Legislature in behalf of this application ; to 
 draft the act of incorporation, and report their proceedings to the meet- 
 ing at the time to which it shall stand adjourned." 
 
 The following persons were appointed upon the last- 
 mentioned committee, viz. : John W. Knevels, Abra- 
 ham M. Smith, John Forsyth, John Thayer, Benja- 
 min H. Mace. 
 
 Now began the struggle to secure the eastern ter- 
 minus of the Erie at Newburgh ; and the interests of 
 the Delaware road, as a distinct project, awaited the 
 issue. We cannot now intelligently review, perhaps, 
 the discussions involved in the proposition ; nor is it 
 necessary in view of the experiences of the Erie, 
 which soon demonstrated that neither Newburgh nor 
 , Piermont was the proper outlet for the road, and that 
 j the line over the Oxford grade should never have 
 i been adopted. Practically, the discussion assumed 
 this phase, viz.: the route to Newburgh cut ofl' Goshen 
 from the main line; to run through Goshen made the 
 Piermont outlet a necessity. The adoption of the 
 Piermont outlet settled the controversy, and was at 
 that time, perhaps, the wisest course that could have 
 been pursued, a.s it at least gave the nearest connec- 
 tion with New York City without passing out of the 
 State, and made the present connections through New 
 Jersey more iiumediately possible. In the course of 
 
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 119 
 
 time, tlie line through Goshen, the Oxford grade, and 
 the Shawiingunk Mountains will share the fate of 
 Piermout. 
 
 When it became known that those who were most 
 attive in the Erie Company had decided in favor of 
 the Piermont route, the citizens of Newburgh again 
 took up the Delaware project, aud on the 21st of April, 
 183G, the Legislature passed an act "to renew aud 
 amend'' the original charter. B}' this act " David 
 Crawford, Christopher Keeve, Oliver Davis, John For- 
 syth, Thomas Powell, Joshua Conger, David Ruggles, 
 Benjamin Carpenter, and their associates" were consti- 
 tuted a body politic and corporate, by the name of " The 
 Hudson and Delaware Railroad Company," for the 
 purpose of constructing a road " commencing in the 
 north part of the village of Newburgh, and running 
 from thence along the Hudson River in front of said 
 village as far a-s the trustees of the said village" 
 should determine, and thence to the Delaware River. 
 The capital stock of the company was fixed at 
 $500,000, and Gilbert O. Fowler, Charles Borland, 
 John Forsyth, Thomas Powell, Benjamin H. Mace, 
 John P. DeWint, Abraham M. Smith, James G, Clin- 
 ton, and John W. Knevels were appointed commis- 
 sioners to open subscriptions. 
 
 On the 15th of June, 183G, the first election for di- 
 rectors under the amended act was held at the Or- 
 ange Hotel, when Thomas Powell, John Forsyth, Da- 
 vid Crawford, Benjamin Carpenter, John P. DeWint, 
 John Ledyard, Christopher Reeve, Gilbert O. Fowler, 
 James G. Clinton, Nathaniel DuBois, Samuel G. Sne- 
 den, David W. Bate, and Oliver Davis were chosen. 
 At a subsequent meeting of the directors Thomas 
 Powell was elected president; David W. Bate, vice- 
 president ; John Ledyard, treasurer ; and James G. 
 Clinton, secretary. 
 
 A survey of the route was made soon after by John 
 B. Sargeant, who reported tlie length of the jirojiosed 
 road as thirty-eight miles, aud the cost as ten thou- 
 sand dollars per mile. Stock to a sufficient amount 
 having been subscribed, steps were taken to grade the 
 section between Washingtonville and the Quassaick 
 Creek. Ground was broken on the 3d of November, 
 183(5, with appropriate ceremonies, and the auspicious 
 event was celebrated by a general illumination of the 
 village. In response to a petition on the part of the 
 citizens interested in the road, the Legislature, in the 
 early part of the session of 1837, passed an act ena- 
 bling the trustees of the village to purchase at par 
 one hundred and fifty thousand dollars worth of the 
 stock. The subscription was made in accordance 
 with the provisions of the act; and on the 10th of 
 January, 1838, the trustees paid their first and last 
 installment of ten thousand dollars. 
 
 The financial reverses of 1837 prostrated the enter- 
 prise ; and although a considerable portion of the 
 section placed under contract in August. 1836, was 
 graded, the work was not continued. However, in 
 1840, the Erie Company having asked the aid of the 
 
 State, the whole influence of the citizens of Newburgh 
 was exerted to compel that company, as a condition 
 of aid, to construct a branch road to Newburgh.* 
 The effort was unsuccessful ; the Erie Company re- 
 ceived a loan of tlie credit of the State to the amount 
 of three million dollars. The embarrassment of the 
 Erie Company culminated in 1842, and its affairs 
 were placed in the hands of assignees. In 1845, the 
 company having again applied to the Legislature for 
 aid, the citizens of Newburgh again, and this time 
 with success, pressed the proposition for a branch 
 road. Their efforts led to a conference with the Erie 
 Company, which resulted in the submission of bills to 
 the Legislature, — the first releasing the comi)any from 
 the payment of the three million dollars loan, on con- 
 dition that a bona-Jide subscription to that amount 
 should be secured within eighteen months ; the second, 
 requiring the company to construct a branch to New- 
 burgh within six years after the passage of the act. 
 To more certainly secure the latter, a written agree- 
 ment was made, on the 19th of March, lietween the 
 directors of the Hudson and Delaware Company and 
 the directors of the Erie Company, by which the for- 
 mer conveyed to the latter " all the grants, lands, im- 
 munities, franchises, improvements, rights, privileges, 
 maps and charts, and all of the real aud personal es- 
 tate of every kind whatsoever belonging" to that com- 
 pany under and by virtue of its charter, in consid- 
 eration of the sum of not less than forty thousand 
 dollars ; the Erie Comi)any agreeing as a further 
 consideration that on the passage of the bill, then 
 before the Legislature, authorizing the company 
 to construct a Branch Road to Newburgh, and also the 
 bill releasing the company from the payment of the 
 three millions loaned to it by the State, that then, 
 upon the bona-Jide subscription of tlie Hudson and 
 Delaware Company of one hundred thousand dollars 
 to the capital stock of the Erie Company, the latter 
 would construct the branch to Newburgh and issue to 
 the Hudson and Delaware Company stock to the 
 amount of one hundred and forty thousand dollars. 
 On the payment of twenty-five per cent, of the sub- 
 scription of one hundred thousand dollars, " the same, 
 together with a sum equal to twice that amount," to be 
 furnished by the Erie Company, was to be " actually 
 expended" upon the branch " simultaneously with 
 and as rapidly" as that company should progress 
 
 * At a meeting of the citizens of Newbvirgii, held March 4, 1840, — 
 Moses H. Belknap, president, and Solomon TutluU, clerk, — it was 
 
 *^ResoUeil, That if the Legislature shall grant further aid to the New 
 York aud Erie Railroad Company by any former or future law, to be 
 passed for that purpose, in such case the expenditure thereof shall be 
 made under the more immediate supervision of the State; and upou the 
 middle and western sections of said road, where tlie same would connect 
 with works already constructed, such as the Delaware and Hudson, the 
 Chenango and Cliemung Canals, and the Ithaca and Owego Uailroad, 
 and yield an immediate profit, which cannot be eflected by constiucting 
 the eastern end of said road in the fii-st place, as is now being done. 
 
 " Resolved, That no such further aid be granted, unless it be ,lccompa- 
 nied by legislative provision for the construction of a branch of said 
 road terminating at Newburgh," 
 
120 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 with its main line ; and tliis ratio of payments and 
 expenditures was to continue until three hundred 
 thousand dollars was expended. In case that sum 
 did not complete the branch, then further subscrip- 
 tions, by the Hudson and Delaware Company, if 
 made, should " be immediately applied to the con- 
 struction of said branch and the putting of the same 
 in operation." The interests of the roads being thus 
 harmonized, the bills referred to were passed by the 
 Legislature on the 14th of May following. The stock 
 subscription required from the Hudson and Delaware 
 Company under the agreement was soon raised, and 
 fifteen thousand dollars in addition, — in all, one hun- 
 dred and fifteen thousand dollars. The following are 
 the names of the subscribers, and the number of 
 shares taken by each, as nearly as can be ascertained : 
 
 shares. 
 
 Atwood, Williiiu) 1 
 
 Agliew, William 25 
 
 Ban-lay, Pavid H 5 
 
 Belknap, A. & M. H 5 
 
 Betts, Fre'lerick J 20 
 
 Belknai', Aaron 10 
 
 Beveridgf, J. & Co 100 
 
 Breiiiian, Patrick [> 
 
 Bennett, Hiram 10 
 
 Bri.«n, John W 5 
 
 BnckiiiKhani, B. F 2 
 
 Buchanan, H. P 2 
 
 Bonton, Lewis S 5 
 
 Barker, Jolin 3 
 
 Chandlers, James 15 
 
 Chandlers, John 5 
 
 Cal.ver, Daniel K 2 
 
 Crawford, David 50 
 
 Crawford. Mailler 4 Co 60 
 
 Cleary, William 'S 
 
 Coriiwell, Geoi-ge 5 
 
 Corwin, Halsey & Co 8 
 
 Clnpston, John 3 
 
 DeWint, John P.. 
 lleOroff. James.. 
 
 100 
 3 
 
 DnBois. Nathaniel 20 
 
 Falls, Hiram 3 
 
 Karriiigton, Daniel 20 
 
 Felter, Theron. 2 
 
 Fonler, Jacoh V. B 5 
 
 Fowler, M.V. B 5 
 
 Gardner. .Silas D 2 
 
 Gerard. Franklin 3 
 
 Gowdey, James 1 
 
 Gorham, John R 3 
 
 Hashi'uuck, Wm. C 5 
 
 Harris, .lohn 10 
 
 Halsey, Walter 10 
 
 Shares. 
 
 Haabrouck, Eli 5 
 
 Halstead & Co 5 
 
 Hathaway,' Odell S 10 
 
 Hawkins, Wni. H 1 
 
 Horton 4 McCanjly 10 
 
 Johnes, Edward R 10 
 
 Kemp, Robert D. 3 
 
 Kernochan, Joseph 50 
 
 Lander, Tohias D •> 
 
 Little, John 2 
 
 Little. Thomas 2 
 
 Mecklem, George 5 
 
 Miller, C. B 15 
 
 Slonell, John J 5 
 
 Moffat, D. H 5 
 
 ^'iven, T. M 10 
 
 Nicoll,Wm. C 1 
 
 Oakley, Isaac K 4 
 
 Powel'l, Thos. & Co 2.50 
 
 Purdy, Henry L 2 
 
 Robinson, t'apl. Henry 50 
 
 Stanton 4 Clark 3 
 
 Sneed. George 3 
 
 .*^pier & Wilson 2 
 
 Smith, Corns. C 10 
 
 Smith, Wm. P. C 5 
 
 Smith 4 Bo<ith 5 
 
 Smith, Orville M 3 
 
 Storm, Garret 60 
 
 Tyler, Benjamin 10 
 
 Van Nort, Benj. W 10 
 
 Weed, Harvey 50 
 
 Williams, Samuel 3 
 
 Walsh. Henrv 5 
 
 Zaiiriskie, A. G 3 
 
 Wiley, John 5 
 
 Wanuh, James S 2 
 
 Whited, J. J. & Co 3 
 
 On the fulfillment of this stock .subscription by the 
 citizens of Newburgh, it was their prerogative to be 
 represented in the board of the Erie Company by a 
 local director, and Homer Eamsdell was accordingly 
 nominated by the subscribers, and elected as buch di- 
 rector in the summer of 1845. The first contracts 
 made by the Erie Company upon its reorganization 
 under the amended act of 1845 were those for con- 
 structing the Newburgh branch and that part of the 
 main line between Middletown and Otisville. The 
 work was carried forward under the agreement until 
 in 1847, when, by reason of enormous expenditures 
 upon the main line between Otisville and Bingham- 
 ton, and when only about one hundred and fifteen 
 thousand dollars (the amount subscribed at New- 
 burgh) had been expended upon the branch, the Erie 
 Company was so pressed for money that a suspension 
 of the work upon the branch was deemed imperative. 
 To prevent this and to bridge over the necessities of 
 the hour, the Newburgh director agreed to negotiate 
 
 the acceptances of the company for each successive 
 monthly estimate until January, 1849, at which time 
 all were to mature. During this time the further sum 
 of one huiidred and thirty thousand dollars was ex- 
 pended upon the branch. 
 
 The opening of the main line of the Erie to Bing- 
 hamton, on the 27th of December, 1848, was attended 
 by a cost far exceeding the estimates, and the finances 
 of the company were correspondingly embarrassed. 
 Added to this were heavy drains for work then being 
 vigorously pushed upon the Susquehanna division, so 
 that the directory, in January, 1849, deemed them- 
 selves forced to discontinue the expenditures upon 
 the branch. At this juncture the Newburgh director 
 proposed to raise the sum of one hundred and forty- 
 five thousand dollars upon theacceptancesof the com- 
 pany, to mature May, 1851, and to pay the same to 
 the company, provided responsible parties in New- 
 burgh would indorse the acceptances, and also pro- 
 vided the company would execute a mortgage upon 
 the branch as security for the amount. In view of 
 the compulsory clause in the act of 1845, releasing 
 the com])any from the payment of the three million 
 dollar loan, conditioned upon finishing the road to 
 Dunkirk and also the Newburgh branch, in May, 
 1851, and as a financial measure, the board of direc- 
 tors accepted the projiosition and adopted the tbl- 
 lowing preamble and resolution : 
 
 "At a meeting of the directoi's of the New York and Erie Railroad 
 Company, the following preamble and resolnlion were unauimonsly 
 adopted (Jan. 10, 1849i: 
 
 " ir^ere(w, There has already been e.\pended upon the Newburgh 
 branch, in conforniity to agreement, about the sum of two hundred and 
 forty-five thousand dollars, which, together with the sums necessary to 
 complete the present contiacts, say twenty thousand didlars, will nearly 
 make up the amount required to be advanced by this company toward 
 the constrUL tion of said branch road, as jier agreement of 19th of March, 
 1S45 ; and whereas, the inhabitants of Newbnigh. in order to secure the 
 completion of the said road by the first day of September next, propose 
 to advance upon the acceptances of this company one hundred and forty- 
 five thousand d. liars for that purpose; and whereas, upon the extension 
 of the main line of our road to Elniira. if not earlier, said branch road 
 will be of great value if completed ; therefore 
 
 "liesitlcfd. That the super intending engineer n])on the Newburgh branch 
 is hereby authorized to draw upon the treasurer of this company in sums 
 not less than live hundred dollai-s to an amount in the aggregate of one 
 hundred and forty-five thousand dollais, which drafts shall be payable 
 in May, ^H5l (the time prescribed by the law of this State for the com- 
 pletion of said branch road), and bear inteiest at seven per cent, per 
 annum payable half-yearly; and that Horner Kanrsdell be airthorized to 
 procure the money upoit said acceptances and deposit it witlr the treas- 
 urer to he applied towar-d the ptti-chase of irotr rails and completion of 
 said branch road as aforesaid; arrd that the president is hereby airthor- 
 ized to issue such orders as shall be rtecessary to carry out the intention 
 of the foi-egoiug preamble and resolution. 
 
 '* A true copy, Nathaniel Marsb, Secy." 
 
 " In consideration of and in conformity to" this 
 preamble and resolution, the following persons made 
 written agreement, on the 15th of January, 1849, to 
 indorse the acceptances of the Erie Company for the 
 sums set opposite their names : 
 
 H 
 
 T. Powell & Co J45.000 
 
 J. Beverrdge 4 Co 2,5,(100 
 
 .lohn P DeWint 25,IHiO 
 
 B. Carperrter A Co 10,iKrO i 
 
 Adam Lilburn 1,0110 
 
 Crawford, Mailler,*; Co S20,I100 
 
 J. v. B Fowler Si Co l.OIK) 
 
 F. Gerard and Jas. DeGroff. 1,000 
 
 Wm. C. Hasbronck 1,000 
 
 N Reeve 1,000 
 
INTERNAL IMPllOVEMENTS. 
 
 121 
 
 fieorpe Mecklt^m 
 
 Siiii-i& Wil*ui 
 
 JfiOO 
 
 
 .'ilM) 
 
 odcll S. Iliitliitwav 
 
 Oliri»t.il.hi-r H. Miller 
 
 Auioll U. Uelktliip 
 
 • 2.CHI 1 
 1,1110 
 
 Ciiriiii. C. Suiitti $l,noo 
 
 Stulit.ui, (lurk &Cii l.(H«l 
 
 Bi-rij. Tyli-i- l.KK) 
 
 Dill, i. -I Kariini:l"ii l.HKl 
 
 A.,tiM II. li.lkiinp I.IMK) 
 
 .111.. .1. Sl.iliell , 1.1 nil 
 
 Cilnill. Illlls.-.v4 Co I.IKKI 
 
 liic-liiinl (J. Sliiitll l.llOoi $I4."|,500 
 
 Tlie.se acceptances were also all indorsed by Thomas 
 Powell & Ci>. Oil tlie 23d of February following, 
 ^Messrs. Powell, Ramsdell & Co. and J. Beveridge & 
 Co. purchased two thousand tons of railroad iron, 
 then in the liands of Davis, Broolcs & Co., at forty 
 dollars per ton and duties thereon, for which the notes 
 of Powell & Co. were given for fifty-five thousand 
 dollars, and the notes of Beveriilge & Co. for twenty- 
 three thousand dollars. In addition to the iron, 
 Homer Ramsdell purcha,sed the depot-grounds, — -em- 
 bracing the river-front between the Whaling Com- 
 pany's dock and the north line of Western Avenue, 
 and also a lot south of the dock of Jolin W. Wells, 
 fronting one hundred and sixty-five feet on Water 
 Street and the river, — paying for the same twenty 
 thousand dollars. The property of John W. Wells, 
 ninety-one feet on the river, with a quit-claim to one- 
 half of Western Avenue, was condemned and taken 
 on the award of commissioners at forty thou.sand dol- 
 lars. On settlement in June, it was found that Powell 
 & Co. were at that time, through indorsements, ac- 
 ceptances, and advances, responsible for two. hundred 
 and two thousand two hundred and nineteen dollars. 
 The capital thus furnished completed the branch, and 
 on the 9th of January, 1850, its ojjcniiig was cele- 
 brated with appropriate festivities. 
 
 The old Delaware and Hudson Company left be- 
 liind, as niemorials of its existence, a partly-graded 
 track and the stock subscription of the village of 
 Newburgli (§10,(100), upon the debt for which the 
 interest was annually paid until the village became a 
 city. The details of its history, as well as those of 
 the construction of the branch, now serve as monu- 
 ments to the memory of those who were their projec- 
 tors and supporters. The effort of 1837 is now an 
 accomplished fact: the coal-mines of Pennsylvania 
 are in connection with Newburgli by rail ; but the ad- 
 vantages of the earlier enterprise ])a?.sed away, to a 
 A'ery large extent, with its opportunity. 
 
 The time may not be distant, however, when more 
 direct connection with the coal-fields than by the 
 main line of the Erie and the Newbuigh branch will 
 be effected through the Warwick Valley Railroad and 
 the Wawayaiida Railroad and its connections in New 
 Jersey. The Warwick Valley Railroad was the out- 
 growth of a proposition, made soon after the comple- 
 tion of the Newburgh branch, to extend its line to 
 the Delaware River, for which a survey and maps 
 were made and there rested. In 1859, Mr. Grinnell 
 Burt and other residents of Warwick practically re- 
 vived the project by organizing the" Warwick Valley 
 Railroad C(nnpany," under the following board of 
 diicctors: Grinnell Burt, John Rutherford, Thomas 
 B. DeKay, Ezra Sanlbrd, James B. Wheeler, Milton. 
 9 
 
 McEwen, James Burt, John H. Brown, John L. Wel- 
 ling, William Herrick, JamesP. Houston, and Nathan 
 R. Wheeler. On organization, the directors elected 
 Grinnell Burt, president; Milton McEwen, vice- 
 president; James B. Wheeler, treasurer; William 
 Herrick, secretary. The capital stock was $100,000, 
 of which Newburgli furnished §10,500. When the 
 road was completeil, the bonded and floating debt 
 amounted to a little over one hundred thousand dol- 
 lars, forty per cent, of which has since been paid out 
 of the earnings of the road, and a surplus of an equal 
 amount has been expended to extend the road to the 
 New Jersey State line. In consideration of these 
 payments and to create a surplus fund, a stock divi- 
 dend of one hundred per cent, was declared to the 
 stockholders in 18G7. Regular annual dividends of 
 seven per cent, have been paid from the earnings of 
 the road, showing that, aside from the advantages 
 which it has conferred upon the district which it tra- 
 verses, it has been a pecuniary success. The company 
 was consolidated, in the fall of 1879, with the Wa- 
 wayanda Railroad of New Jersey, by which its line 
 is extended to McAfee, N. J., on the Sussex Rail- 
 road. 
 
 The Newburgh and New York Railroad Company 
 was organized in the city of New York, Dec. 20, 1864, 
 — Samuel Marsh, Daniel Drew, John Arnot, Isaac N. 
 Phelps, Robert H. Burdell, Dudley S. Gregory, Am- 
 brose S. Murray, J. C. Bancroft Davis, H. L. Pierson, 
 Alexander S. Diven, Thomas W. Gale, John J. Mo- 
 nell, Thomas H. Bate, directors; J. C. Bancroft 
 Davis, president ; Horatio N. Otis, secretary. The 
 capital stock was fixed at $500,000, of which over 
 one thousand dollars per mile was immediately sub- 
 scribed and paid up. The project was based on a 
 proposition for a west shore road from New York to 
 Albany, which, by its construction, would only lack 
 sixty miles of completion. A.side from the directors 
 named, who subscribed ten shares (one hundred dol- 
 lars) each, George Clarke and Enoch Carter, of New- 
 burgh, subscribed one share each ; F. A. DeWint, of 
 Fishkill, one; and John Hilton, H. N. Otis, Charles 
 Minot, L. E. TiUotson, J. W. Guppy, William R. 
 Barr, N. Finch, E. W. Brown, and J. D. White, of 
 New York, each one. The road being less than fif- 
 teen miles in length, the number of directors was re- 
 duced to seven, in conformity with the general rail- 
 road law, in December, 18G7, when John S. Eldridge, 
 Jay Gould, John C. B. Davis, Daniel Drew, A. S. 
 Diven, Henry Thompson, and Homer Ramsdell were 
 elected. On the 1st of August, 1868, Mr. Ramsdell 
 was elected president. He resigned July 7, 1869, and 
 James Fisk, Jr., was elected. The line was surveyed 
 by John W. Hcaiston, engineer; the contract for con- 
 struction was awarded to Peter Ward and William 
 Leary, of Newburgh, Aug. 1, 1868, and the work com- 
 pleted Sept. 1, 1869. The road was subsequently 
 leased to the Erie Company, that company supplying 
 the capital required for its constructiou. 
 
122 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 The understood willingness of the company to 
 second any effort to extend the connections of the 
 road gave rise to what have been called "the New- 
 burgh paper railroads," the first of which, the New- 
 burgh and Wallkill Valley Railroad, took the form 
 of a company to construct a road from Newburgh to 
 Walden, connecting at Vail's Gate with the Erie 
 branch and with the Newburgh and New York road. 
 The company was organized in the winter of 1867- 
 68 by the election of directors and officers. In May 
 following (May 9th) the Legislature passed an act 
 making it lawful " for the Common Council of the 
 city of Newburgh to borrow, on the faith and credit 
 of said city, the sum of three hundred and fifty thou- 
 sand dollars," to aid in the construction of the road, 
 and to issue the bonds of the city therefor, — on con- 
 dition that the consent should first be obtained, in 
 writing of a majority of the tax-payers of the city, 
 who should also own or represent more than one- 
 half of the taxable real and personal property of the 
 city. At the time the project was undertaken, the 
 disposition of the Newburgh and New York Com- 
 pany to second the enterprise was not generally un- 
 derstood as a tangible agreement, and this fact, 
 coupled with an expressed opposition to the Vail's 
 Gate route on the part of several leading citizens, 
 led to a failure in obtaining the consent required to 
 bond the city, and necessarily to a suspension of the 
 further prosecution of the undertaking. 
 
 The second of the series, the Newburgh and Mid- 
 land Railroad, advanced several steps beyond the 
 point reached by the Newburgh and Wallkill Valley 
 road. The proposition was to construct a road from 
 the vicinity of West Newburgh to Walden and 
 thence to Fair Oaks, there to connect with the New 
 York and Oswego Midland, and took definite form in 
 the organization of the " Newburgh and Midland 
 Railway Company," — George Clark, president; Odell 
 S. Hathaway, vice-pr&sident ; Alfred Post, treasurer; 
 John Dales, secretary ; George Clark, Abram S. Cas- 
 sedy, A. T. Rand, Bradbury C. Bartlett, Odell S. 
 Hathaway, Seth M. Capron, David Moore, James W. 
 Taylor, Alfred Post, William R. Brown, William J. 
 Roe, Jr., Lewis M. Smith, William O. Mailler, di- 
 rectors. To build this road effort was made to bond 
 the city of Newburgh for five hundred thousand dol- 
 lars, under the general act authorizing municipal 
 corporations to aid in the construction of railroads. 
 What was jiresumed to be the consent of a majority 
 of the tax-payers, and also of a majority of the tax- 
 able property of the city, was obtained. On exami- 
 nation of the list before Hon. Thomas George, county 
 judge, it was held by him that while the petition for 
 consent to bond was signed by a majority of the tax- 
 payers, the signatures did not represent a majority of 
 the taxable property of the city, — $555,099 of the 
 amount being held by executors, administrators, etc., 
 whose right to thus represent the trusts which they 
 held was denied. An appeal was taken to the Su- 
 
 preme Court, which, at general term, January, 1872, 
 affirmed the decision of Judge George, — Justices 
 Tappen and Gilbert concurring. Justice Barnard dis- 
 senting. This decision ended the undertaking. 
 
 After two or three years spent in discussions and 
 surveys the New York and Oswego Midland Railroad 
 Company was formally organized at a convention of 
 delegates from Oswego, Onondaga, Madison, Cort- 
 land, Chenango, Delaware, Sullivan, Orange, Otsego, 
 and Ulster Counties, and New York City, held at 
 Delhi, Oct. 4, 1865. At this convention D. C. Little- 
 john, of Oswego, reported articles of association or- 
 ganizing the company with a capital of $10,000,000. 
 DeWitt C. Littlejohn, John Crouse, Elisha C. Litch- 
 field, Joseph W. Merchant, Edward I. Hayes, John 
 A. Randall, A. C. Edgerton, Samuel Gordon, Henry 
 A. Low, Edward Palen, Homer Ramsdell, Nathan 
 Randall, and G. P. Kenyon were named as directors. 
 The location of the route, whether by way of Pine 
 Hill to Rondout or Newburgh, or through Sullivan 
 County to Middletowu and thence through New 
 .Jersey to New York, was subsequently determined 
 in favor of the Middletown and Sullivan line, and, 
 under authority of an act of the Legislature, the 
 towns of Wallkill and Minisink, in common with 
 other towns along the route, issued town bonds in aid 
 of construction, — Minisink seventy-five thousand dol- 
 lars, and Wallkill three hundred thousand dollars. 
 Sections of the road in Orange were put under con- 
 tract,— Middletown to Centreville, Sept. 28, 1868; 
 Ellen ville Branch, Sept. 28, 1868; Centreville to 
 Westfield Flats, Feb. 3, 1869. On the 9th of July, 
 1873, near Westfield Flats, the last rail was laid, and 
 the last spike driven by the late E. P. Wheeler, of 
 Middletown, a former vice-president of the company. 
 After a stormy existence of six years the road was 
 sold under foreclosure, Nov. 9, 1879, and its title 
 changed to New York, Ontario and Western Rail- 
 road. 
 
 The construction of the Midland was the occasion 
 of the building of the Middletown and Crawford and 
 the Middletown, Unionville and Water Gap roads, 
 and at least indirectly of the Monticello and Port 
 Jervis branch of the Erie. The latter project origin- 
 ated, we believe, in Monticello, where it was feared 
 that the Midland would result in disaster to that 
 village unless a road was opened to Port Jervis con- 
 necting with the Erie. The project, however, was 
 really much older than the Midland, having had its 
 origin in connection with the Erie Company's efl'orts 
 to secure a State loan in 1835-36, the loan advocates 
 then promising to construct a branch to Monticello. 
 The company was organized in 1868, and the road 
 opened in 1871. The town of Deerpark issued two 
 hundred thousand dollars in bonds to aid the con- 
 struction. The road was sold, and reorganized as the 
 Port Jervis and Monticello in 1875. 
 
 The Montgomery and Erie was the first link in the 
 Wallkill Valley line. It was opened from Mont- 
 
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 123 
 
 gomery to Goshen in 1867, and constructed by stock 
 subscriptions and bonds of the first election district 
 of Montgomery for fifty-one thousand dollars. The 
 line was continued to Walden and Ulster County as 
 a part of the Wallkill Valley Road, and fifty-one 
 thousand dollars in bonds were issued by the second 
 election district in its aid. It had its inception in a 
 desire on the part of the leading men of Montgomery 
 to secure railroad connection, and after having sought 
 in vain for that assistance from the capitalists of New- 
 burgh which would have given to the line a different 
 direction. This remark will also apply to the Mid- 
 dletown and Crawford road,* for the construction of 
 which the bonds of the town of Crawford were issued 
 for eighty thousand dollars. More detailed informa- 
 tion in regard to these and other roads has been 
 solicited without answer. The following abridged 
 statement of the railroads in the county is from 
 " Poor's Manual" for 1880 : 
 
 Aew York, Lake Erie avd Weslerv. — Jersey City to Dunliirk, 460.03 
 znilos; liraiiches, lOU.SO miles; total, ■'i''n 8'i miles. Its b?'iinches leased 
 or owned in Orange County lire tlie Newbnigh and New York, 12.59 
 miles; Newliurgh Branch, 18.73 miles; Montgomery and Erie, 10.22 
 miles: Goshen and Det.kertoun, 1 1 .(j-'i miles. Connetliiig roails, War- 
 wick Valley at Gray Court, Wallkill Valley at Goshen, and Port .lervis 
 and Monticelln at Port .Jervis. Connection is also made with the Stirling 
 Mountain andSonthfieM Branch in Monroe,and at Miildletown with the 
 Middletown and Crawford, Middletown and Uuionville, and New York, 
 Ontario and We-tern. 
 
 The conipiiny was chartered April 24,183*. Construction was com- 
 menced ill IS3fi, and the same year the credit of the Stnte was grauteii to 
 the extent of ^1.000,0(10. In 1841 (Seplemher) the first seclion, from 
 Piermout to Goshen, was opened, the ctn)nei.tion between Pierniont and 
 New York heioghy steamers and freight barges. The company becoming 
 embarrassed, the undertaking was placed in the handsofasBignees, under 
 whose management the road was opened to Middletown, Jan. 3, 1843. 
 The cost ti) Feb. 1. 1844, had been $1.7 Jr.,049. of which 52,.'i9\514 had 
 been derived from the State loan. In 184.5 the State released tlie prop- 
 erty of its mortgage, provided tlie company should complete the road to 
 Lake Eiie in six years, and the old stoL-U holders surrendered one-half of 
 their stock. Construction was resumed, and the road opened to Port 
 Jervis, Jan. G, 1^48; to Bin-rhamton, Dec. 28, 184S; to Union, Oct. 10, 
 1849; to Horuellsville. Sept. 3. 185(»:at.d to Dunkirk, April 22, 1851. By 
 act of Legislature the company was also required to constrnct a branch 
 line toNewbnrgli. which was opened in ISiiO. The company wns required 
 to run its oiigiual line within the limits of the State, and hence its first 
 outlet on the Hudson at Piermout. Thispait of the line is now operated 
 as a branch, wliile by lejise of the Union Railroad, connecting the main 
 line witli the Paterson and Kamapo and the Paterson and Hudson Rail- 
 roads (Sept. 10, 1852) Jei-sey Ciiy was made the niHiu terminus. In ad- 
 dition to the as^ignment of 1843, the property went to the hands of a 
 receiver in 1859, and again in 1875. By the lasi it wns sold under fore- 
 closure, and its name changed from New York and Erie to its present 
 title. 
 
 JVeivburyh and New York. — Vnil's Gate Junction to Greenwood -Tuiiction, 
 12.59 mili-s. Organized in 18G3, and opeiied in 18GG. Leased to Erie 
 Railroad Company. Capital. 8.500,000; funded debt, S250,muo. Cost of 
 road, ff:^5(M'00. Hugh J. Jewett, president 
 
 Wnririck V"llefi. — Warwick to Gray Court, 1 '.IG miles. Chartered 
 March 8, 18Gn, and n-ad openetl April 1. 18G2. Earnings, year 'Muliiig 
 Sept. 30, 1S79.— passengers, $'')5 10. i4; freight, S28.32G.31 ; other, $3141 27; 
 total, 8a,n(IS.12. Operaliug exin-nses, $2(t.0(;7.52. Capital stock, $225,- 
 OOO; funded debt. $GO,OtlO. (.'onsolidated in fall of 1879 with the Wawa- 
 yanda Railroad Company of New Jereey, the new conipnny retaining 
 
 * In the final determination of (he piojection of this road the possi- 
 bility of ultimately bi-coming a part of the line, via Poughkeep-ie and 
 the I'oughkeepsie bridge, from the coal-fields to the Eantern Stales, was 
 perhaps an important consideration, but had the Newbnrgh and Wallkill 
 Valley or the Newbnigh and Midland been consti'ucted the CYawford 
 connection would have been made with it rather than at Middletown. 
 
 the same name. Under this organization, the new Hue extends from 
 Gray Court to McAfee, N. J., on the Sussex Railroad, 22 mites, of which 
 14.5 is in Orange County, and 7.5 in New Jersey, which was completed 
 in April, 1880. Combined capital stock, $340,000 ; bonded debt, $ilO,000. 
 A branch from Warwick to the iron-mines will also be built. Diiectors, 
 December, 1879, Grinnell Burt, James Bnrt, John L. Welling, Richard 
 Miner, C. U. Demarest, S. C. Welling, and Ezra Saufoid, Warwick: J. 
 H. Brown, Wawayanda ; James C. Houston, Bellvalc ; H. B. De Kay, Ver- 
 non, N. J.; W. C. Sheldon and D. B. Halstead, New York City; Homer 
 Ranisdell, Newburgh. Griniiell Burt, president and superintendent; 
 James Burt, vice-president; Norman Bnrt, treasurer; C. U. Demarest, 
 secretary. 
 
 Mnntgomerii and Erie. — Montgomery to Goshen, 10.22 miles. Ohai tered 
 Jan. 2, {8(iG : opened in 1867. Leased to and operated by New York, Lake 
 Erie and Western Railroad Company. Capital stock, $150,000; bonds, 
 $170,500. Cost of road, $288,930.83. J. M. Wilkin, president; C. J. Ev- 
 erett, treasurer, Goshen; W. J. Mead, secretary, Montgomery. 
 
 Goshen and Deckntoicn. — Goshen to Pine Island, 11.65 miles. Organ- 
 ized Feb. 22, 1867 ; opened April 10, 1869; leased to Erie Railroad Com- 
 pany for fifty years. Capital stock, $105,800; bonds, $246,500— total, 
 $352,500. Construction, $291,700.75. James K. Houston, president, 
 Florida, N. Y. ; George W. Murray, secretary and treasurer, Goshen. 
 
 Wallkill Valley. — Montgomery to Kingston, 33.46 miles. Organized 
 April 2fi, 1866, and opened in 1872. Operated by Erie Railroad Company 
 to June G, 1877, when it was sold nuderforeclosure, and reorganized July 
 2,1877. Cost of road, $970,691.96; sold for $128,000; additional construc- 
 tion. $17n,798..50— total, $298,798.59 Stock and bonds issued on reor- 
 ganization, $fi6n,0ii0 ; sundry assets, $11,893.37— total, $970,601.96. Thomas 
 Cornell, president, Rondout. 
 
 Siirliny Mointtain. — Stilling Junction to Lakeville, 7.6 miles. Organ- 
 ized May IS, 1SG4 ; opened Nov. 1, 1865. Capital stock. $80,000; fnnded 
 debt, $350,0110. Cost of road and equipments, $5ii0,857.02. A. W. Hum- 
 phreys, president, New York City; George C. Clark, treasurer; J. C. 
 Missimer, Stirling Junction, superintendent. 
 
 Southfield Branch. — Southfield to Southfield Furnace, 1.5 miles. Built, 
 owned, and otficered by same parties as the Stirling Mountain Railroad. 
 Connects with the Erie. 
 
 Pmt Jervis and Jl/bi(iice/^o.— Port Jervis to Monticello, 23.75 ffiiles. Or- 
 ganized as Monticello and Port Jervis Railroad Company Sept. 3, 1868, 
 and under existing title July 16, 1875. Road opened Jan. 23, 1871. 
 Capital stock issued on reorganization, $724,276.93. Cost of road and 
 eqiiipmen IS, $1,1 24,080.47. Frederick J. DePeyster, president, New York 
 City ; Henry Day, vice-president ; Gordon Morrie, treasurer ; J. W. Hay- 
 ward, secretary, all of New York City. M. V. Heller, manager. Port 
 Jervis. Earnings, year ending Sept. 30,1879 — passengers, $944(t.24; 
 freight, etc., $1G,3G6.G0. 
 
 Neiv York, Ontario and Western.— Oswego to Middletown, 344 miles. 
 Oiganized as New York and Oswego Midland Railroad, January, 1866. 
 The New Jersey Midland and Middletown and Uuionville roads were 
 originally leased to complete the line to New York. The road was sold 
 under foreclosure Nov. 9, 1879, and reorganized under present name. 
 The Crawford and Middletown and Middletown and Unionville connec- 
 tions are maintained, as well as that with the New Jersey Midlaml. A 
 branch of the road from Middletown to Ellenville is also in operation. 
 
 Middletown, Unionville and Water Gap.— Middletown, N. Y., to Union- 
 ville, N. J., State line, 13.30 miles. Organized May 25, 186G, and road 
 opened June 10, 1868. Leased and operated by New Jersey Midland 
 Railroad Company f Capital stock, $123,850, and funded debt, $400,000 ; 
 total stock an<l bonds, $.523,8.')0; cost of road and appurtenances, $350,- 
 476.47. Griniiell Bnrt, Warwick, president: W. H. Clark, Westtown, 
 treasurer; Joseph N. Proiik, Middletown, secretary. 
 
 Middletown and Cra«/"rt/.— Crawfoid Junction to Pine Bush, 10.22 
 miles. Chartered Aug. 3, 18G8, and road finished Dec. 14, 1871. Leased 
 to New York and Oswego Midlaud, and subsequently to New Jereey 
 Midland, until March IS, 1875, but now operatetl on its own account. 
 Capital stock paid in, $122,300; funded debt,$79,.300; bills payable, $787.- 
 68 ; total. $202,387.68. Cost of road, etc., $202,387.68 ; earnings, 1879, pas- 
 sengers, $;Hi94 03 ; freight, $17,162.94; mail, express, etc., $689.71 ; total, 
 $21,54ii.G8. Diiectors, Aug. 12, 1879, E. M. Madden. S S. Conklin, H. R. 
 Wilcox, and Albert Ball, Middletown; Harrison Bull, Circleville; Sam- 
 uel Roberson and Horace Bull, Bullville; Daniel Thompson, R. M. 
 Thompson, R. M. Crosby, and Alexander Thompson, Thompson Ridge; 
 I. J. Whitten, H N. Van Kenren, and J. E. Jansen, Pine Bush. Daniel 
 
 + New Jersey Midland runs from West End, N.J,, to Unionville (New 
 York line) ; connection with Jersey City ; length of road from Unionville 
 to Jersey City, 88 miles. 
 
124 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Thompson, presiileiit nnil superintendent; E. M. Mnilden, vice-preisiilent 
 and general uiuiiager; G. A. Thunil>sun, secrelury; Isuac P. Madden, 
 treasni'ur. 
 
 TOWX BONDS ISSUED FOR RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 Miiii-iiik, r..r Oj.\\cl'i> iMMIuiid $7."i,l'00 
 
 Wiillhi 1. r,.r Os".-;:.. MLIIiiiul ;lllll,u(K) 
 
 ]H-i-i|iiiih, tor .Miinlkcll. ami Port .lei vis. •.;U'i,ihH) 
 
 Cniwlc.nl, f.ir Mi'lill.'lou ii all. I c'rawlMril Ml.OHO 
 
 M.riilguluiT.v, lor Wont, and K. an. I Wal. Vul Idj.iillll 
 
 f7.')7,l)lJO 
 TaMil'le vnliiiitioii of real and personal railroad estate, and Delaware 
 and Hud.4on Canal, in tiie county, $l,7'J:i,7U(). 
 
 PLAN K-KO ADS. 
 
 The New York and Ellenville Plank-roarl Company 
 was organized March 24, 1850. The capital stock was 
 $100,000, but only $79,770 was paid in. By special 
 act of the Legislature $44,000 preferred stock was 
 issued, and the whole capital fixed at $124,000. The 
 road was completed to Ellenville Dec. 22, 1851. 
 Charter extended to 1890. 
 
 The Newburgh and Shawangunk Plank-road Com- 
 pany was orgtinized in March, 1850, and the road 
 completed in December, 1851. The capital stock paid 
 in was $30,000. 
 
 The Middletown and Blooiningbui-gh Plank-road 
 was constructed in 1853. Ctipital stock, .§30,000. 
 
 The Middletown and Unionville Plank-road was 
 constructed in 1853. Capital stock, $30,000. 
 
 BANKING. 
 
 The Bank of Newburgh — the first bank in this 
 county — was incorporated by act of the Legislature, 
 passed March 22, 1811, on the petition of Jacob Pow- 
 ell, John McAulay, Chancy Belknap, and Jonathan 
 risk. The capital named was $120,000, in shares of 
 $50 each, and the State reserved the right to sultscribc 
 to the stock any amount not exceeding one thousand 
 shares. The Branch Bank of Newburgh, tit Ithaca, 
 ■was organized 1820, and continued until 1830. 
 
 The Bank of Orange County, at Goshen, was incor- 
 porated April 6, 1813, on petition of Reuben Hopkins, 
 George D. Wickhani, and others. James W. Wilkin, 
 George D. Wickliam, David M. M'estcott, John G. 
 Hurtin, James Wheeler, John Barber, and James 
 Finch, Jr., commissioners to receive stock subscrip- 
 tions. Capital $49,000, in shares of $50. 
 
 Tlie Highland Bank of Newburgh was incorpo- 
 rated April 26, 1834. Capital $200,000. 
 
 Under the gencnil banking hiw of tlie State, passed 
 April 18, 1838, the Powell Bank of Newburgh (18381, 
 the Middletown Bank (1839), the Wallkill Bank of 
 Middletown (1857), the Quassaick Bank of Newburgh 
 {1851), the Bank ol' Port Jervis, the Bank of Chester, 
 and the Goshen Bank were oi-ganized. All the banks 
 of the county, by conversion or reorganization, are 
 now under the national banking law, in the following 
 order : 
 
 Ciipitiil. 
 
 First National Banit of Port .tervis. No. 04 SllHi.iHX) 
 
 Fii-I National Bank of Warivi.k, No. :il4 li«i,lHil) 
 
 NiilioMal Bank of NeHlmrgli, No. 4118 son.iHMt 
 
 VimX National Bank of Miililletow n. No. .S-i.: liHi.iHii) 
 
 lliifhlaiiil National Bank ot Newl.iii j;h. No. Ilnil 4-Mi,IMll) 
 
 tinassiick National Bank of Newl.iirgli, No. I2l:( :ilHl.(HH1 
 
 Blililletowii National Bank, No. I;i70 20ii.i'IKI 
 
 Clii-sler Xati .iial Bank, No. IW.I li'..iKIK 
 
 Niili 1 Bank of Port .l.-riis No. I.;l!:i 1 II I.I mu 
 
 Nalional Hank of Orange Coniilv, (ioshen. No. l.liP'J lIii.iKlil 
 
 (Josheli Nalional Bank. No Ull» IIIMHK) 
 
 Walilen National Bank, No. 2348 So.IKH) 
 
 Total ca|iital $.V'"5,IHI0 
 
 The individual deposits in the several banks, as 
 shown in the annual report of the comptroller of 
 the currency, December, 1879, was $2,3(54,148.35 ; the 
 loans and discounts, .$3,1 11,789.73; and the aggregate 
 of liabilities and resiiurces, $7,871,445.90. 
 
 The following arc the savings banks of the county: 
 
 Cornwall Savings Bank, Coniwall-on tlie-llndson ; inciu- 
 
 poralrd 1.^71 ; dm- de|i...«itor.< $:l, 180.31 
 
 Goshen Savings Bank, Uuslien; incorporated Ib7l ; dne lU- 
 
 po»itoiK 181.510.87 
 
 Middlvtou II Savt litis Bank, Middletown; incorpuraUil IMU; 
 
 doe depo^itoix 4.111,000.1)9 
 
 Newbiiigli Saviiig-s Bank, Newliirgli; iiicorjiinated l.'^iVJ; 
 
 dnede|«.ailors •.;,«.'.7,:il 1.11 
 
 Port Jeivis Sa\iiigs Bank, Poll Jervi?*; incorporated IKOO; 
 
 dill- tk'iio(,ii,.iH 5f»,.'>8;i.43 
 
 Walden Savings Bank, Waldeli; incorporaled IMi2; dne 
 
 ile|«i-ilois 111.7011.00 
 
 Warwick Savings Biink, Warwick; incorporated I87.'i; duu' 
 
 deliosilurs ; 141.I04.J3 
 
 Total due deiKjsitors Sl,»-n,0'So.23 
 
 AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL STATISTICS. 
 
 In population the county ranks the eleventh in the 
 State. In the value of its farms it is the ninth; in 
 farm buildings it is third ; in average yield of hay it 
 is second; in buckwheat, third ; in corn, second; in 
 winter wheat, third ; in potatoes, third ; in milch 
 cows it is first, and first in average yield per cow ; in 
 wool it is fourth ; and it has twenty-three butter and 
 cheese factories, which, in 1874, converted 8,088,498 
 pounds of milk into 222,548 pounds of butter and 
 751,515 pounds of skimmed-milk cheese, — if the 
 latter fact may be worthy of special notice. In its 
 product of old-fashioned " Orange County butter," 
 made in families, it has fallen from 3,285,587 pounds 
 ill 1805 to 1,225,598 pouiuls in 1874, and in another 
 decade that item may disappear entirely Irom the 
 enumerator's list, thanks to the railroads, which have 
 brought in the increasing traflSc in milk. Value of 
 dwellings, $32,200,519; of farms, $31,130,188; <.f farm 
 buildings other than dwellings, $4,031,345; of farm 
 stock, tools, etc., $4,730,929; total, $72,093,981. Its 
 banking capital is $2,575,000; valuation of railroad 
 property other than capital, $1,792,700; capital in 
 manufacturing and mechanical industries, $5,413,620, 
 making a total of $82,475,301, although the board of 
 supervisors say that the whole value of real and per- 
 sonal estate is only $38,531,332. The following tables 
 are from the State census of 1875 : 
 
AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL STATISTICS. 
 
 125 
 
 FARMING LANDS, BUILDINGS, ETC. 
 
 Blnoniiii(t-Gri»ve. 
 
 Clii-.tir 
 
 r.iiuwiill , 
 
 (;ia»l..iil 
 
 Itffipjirk 
 
 G..«li.-n , 
 
 Gn-Oliville 
 
 Hiiiiiptniiliitrgli .. 
 
 Ili;:lilaiiils , 
 
 Miiii'.ink 
 
 MnliLiL- 
 
 M<mtpiiiiiM-.v. .... 
 
 Mnuiit llnpl' 
 
 NfWlilll'^Il 
 
 Newlni'irli < ity. 
 NVw ttiiicU..!-.... 
 
 Wallkill 
 
 Wnr wi.k 
 
 Vrtlue Dwftl- 
 inp4 <itlit*r tliiili 
 Funii Buililiiigs. 
 
 ri(iri,5."u 
 l,:).T«.il44 
 
 3.4!llP.lol 
 l,74l.(i:lO 
 I7f>.27.'j 
 i;(ll.4S0 
 8flx,'.l!lo 
 2(17,11(10 
 il7.'i.(H7 
 
 l,'i'K>,210 
 
 :Vil.!P-.'.T 
 
 l.(i(l."i,l(l.5 
 
 10,nO(l,ilnO 
 
 ddS.*!,') 
 4..5SK.fl4.') 
 2 1(UI.!127 
 
 41UU40 
 
 Improved 
 Acres. 
 
 n.ir,i 
 ll.l-'l 
 
 8.-.il(l 
 lfl,:)(i7 
 
 S,(i35 
 21,iKl 
 l:i,4!)!P 
 14,4'.i:) 
 
 I.IHiO 
 
 11. Mir, 
 :i(i.lsl 
 27.(117 
 12.1I7U 
 10,5118 
 4.-.2 
 1.1..')(I4 
 ait.dllll 
 37,liii7 
 17,ll!8 
 
 Land. 
 
 Other 
 Luiids. 
 
 ;),.^7:i 
 1.(1(111 
 0.718 
 H.dlll 
 K,M12 
 1,71G 
 :i.7r.lP 
 i,;i7i 
 
 l.l)^3 
 2.'.,.-i.'>.i 
 3,1(1(1 
 l.idr, 
 2.dl(l 
 
 I, a 
 
 2,(134 
 .1.(11:7 
 
 Acrex. 
 
 ^.I't 
 
 1,411 
 
 (111 
 
 1,374 
 
 10,751 
 
 47(1 
 
 475 
 
 258 
 
 3,242 
 
 401 
 
 17,31<li 
 
 :M 
 
 2.0 
 
 3,514 
 
 13 
 
 3,307 
 
 322 
 
 11,.'>8H 
 
 2,184 
 
 Value of 
 Kuriiis. 
 
 SI .1011.1 5(1 
 1,1 711.5! 19 
 2.0(18.(175 
 l,21-',i'MI 
 
 7l(l.mo 
 2,137.81(1 
 
 7114,(1(10 
 
 1,(Klll,IOII 
 
 31li.(MKJ 
 
 1.110,MI(1 
 
 2,473,170 
 
 2,lll,Vi5 
 
 8.51(31(1 
 
 3,335,.5!I0 
 
 147.i(Hl 
 
 1,415,110 
 
 2.(ll.-<.il-0 
 4,474.300 
 1,414 230 
 
 ^*lllue Farm 
 Bdildiiipi other 
 tliau Uuellillgij. 
 
 C0,5(i4 $31,130,188 
 
 $318,700 
 1.57.10.5 
 234.070 
 
 ;;i7.iro 
 
 87 4115 
 382,0.'iO 
 1 13,(1.50 
 12il,7'iO 
 
 211,575 
 1 13,400 
 3111,370 
 31-.',230 
 l-.;0,430 
 48i;,:ilB 
 
 21.(15(1 
 24d,(i.'JI 
 41(1,8W) 
 628,075 
 253,150 
 
 $4,631,345 
 
 Value of 
 SLick. 
 
 J.'2' 1.295 
 1.54,875 
 
 92,(125 
 204 345 
 
 82,472 
 271- ,1(1(1 
 130,750 
 17KO30 
 
 21,123 
 133,(170 
 :'40,(I88 
 3 1-' ,975 
 13ll.5.-,(l 
 257,^3(1 
 8,-J-.;5 
 173.735 
 48i,l!74 
 4dl,l.5(> 
 25(1,800 
 
 Valdo of 
 TomIs. 
 
 $,3,(J1 8,978 S811,951 
 
 ?1 1.9.51 
 4ii,097 
 31,o;7 
 27,495 
 4-z.li.'.0 
 23.310 
 32,14" 
 II- ,7.5(1 
 22,4C5 
 
 5,(1 5 
 2(1.205 
 49.1(11 
 84 9-55 
 34,920 
 89.1(8 
 
 3,530 
 63,(i-i5 
 89.228 
 97,990 
 
 Aggregate value of famis, buildings, stuck, and tools $40,404,462 
 
 " " '• " " 1805 25,.599,I31 
 
 Nuiiil'er of 
 of hII hisses. 
 
 Under Three 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Fivp and under 
 Ten Acres. 
 
 Ten and 
 under Twenty. 
 
 Tv*-pnty and 
 under Fitly. 
 
 Fifty and under 
 One Hundred. 
 
 One Hundred 
 
 and undtT 
 FivellunUu'd. 
 
 Five Hundred 
 
 and under 
 One Thuui^and. 
 
 One Tlinneand 
 und over. 
 
 401 (J 
 
 41 
 
 293 
 
 281 
 
 508 
 
 1082 
 
 1770 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 DAIRY PRODUCT. 
 
 BloMniinK-Grove. 
 
 Oiester 
 
 Cnniw.ill 
 
 Criivvf(U'>l 
 
 l>eerpaik 
 
 Gnslieti 
 
 Greenville 
 
 Haiu|>tnnl>urgh . 
 
 HighlaiMls 
 
 Sliiiir^ink 
 
 Miuiroe 
 
 MonlK-'mt-ry 
 
 Mdunt Hope 
 
 Newliurgli 
 
 Nevvlnnth Hty.., 
 New Windsiir.... 
 
 AVnllkill. 
 
 Warwi.^k 
 
 Wuwayauda 
 
 Total 
 
 = » u 
 m # S 
 
 t:6a 
 
 ia.= 
 
 
 671 
 
 21 
 
 1,207 
 
 4(10 
 
 1,819 
 
 I Ptniilds. 
 45 I 24.2!)() 
 8,716 
 33,.5H(1 
 210,421 
 47,(1 15 
 12,2i(l 
 111, 20 
 121.10, 
 7,885 
 30,327 
 7.',88) 
 171,3S0 
 ■.;5,378 
 118,680 
 850 
 1011.98 
 97,848 
 68,484 
 65,110 
 
 1,046 
 
 6 
 
 401 
 
 213 
 
 
 1,139 
 4,518 
 
 44,287 12,852 
 
 3,900 
 
 1,225,598 3,300 
 
 Oallom. 
 
 1,267,425 
 953.7'.I8 
 121,400 
 17.5.2J1I 
 179 946, 
 
 1,375.5S5 
 
 1(14,919; 
 
 9(12.280 
 
 13.320! 
 
 488.070 
 
 1,1.53780 
 086,710 
 681.278 
 200,9101 
 912, 
 319,0116 
 
 1,795,3 19 
 
 1,353.813 
 
 1,035,71.01 
 
 BUTTER AND CHEESE FACTORIES. 
 
 d 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 ± a ■- IS 
 
 S Jit —-^ 
 
 = 1. . 
 
 Ill 
 =0 = 
 0, 
 
 lifi 
 
 23 
 
 $124,000 
 
 9,272,498 
 
 584,000 
 
 Pnuiid'. 
 73,000 8,688,498 
 
 222,548 
 
 751,615 
 
 PKINCIPAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIOXS. 
 
 Pnitvdx. 
 
 77.001 
 
 58.7^5 
 
 511 s70 
 
 3011,878 
 
 (13.010 
 
 58.875 
 
 100,1148 
 
 72,570 
 
 5,825 
 
 68.1185 
 
 124. 1110 
 
 322. (12 
 
 44,713 
 
 243,814 
 
 8110 
 
 147.990 
 
 194,8.53 
 
 106,2119 
 
 40,-.;60 
 
 13,530,709 2,160,098 
 
 Towns. 
 
 BloomiiiR-Grove 
 
 chewier 
 
 (.'iirnwrtll 
 
 Crawfiicd 
 
 Iteerpjirk 
 
 G..b1ii-i, 
 
 Greenville 
 
 Ilfdiiptdliliiirgh. 
 
 Ili:£lih(ii(ls 
 
 niiiiishik 
 
 ISIoiii'ue 
 
 Miiiitpinier.v 
 
 Mnutit Ihipe 
 
 Newliiirpli 
 
 Newl.iiiKli City. 
 New Winilsor.... 
 
 W:,llkill 
 
 Warwi.k 
 
 Wuwii.Vionia 
 
 
 
 
 T3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *i 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 6 
 
 La 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 P3 
 
 a 
 
 
 Tovn. 
 
 r.unh. 
 
 B«»*. 
 
 KM 
 
 210 
 
 21.9JO 
 
 0,7(16 
 
 475 
 
 12,3.57 
 
 2.01-8 
 
 611 
 
 9.960 
 
 7.199 
 
 1,7 
 
 31,175 
 
 2.52(1 
 
 3,738 
 
 17.4 ;8 
 
 11.083 
 
 no 
 
 2.I.2..7 
 
 4.935 
 
 •2,61 1 
 
 I9.-2118 
 
 6,7-z9 . 
 8 8 
 
 4.("12 
 
 9,.5.5S 
 11.838 
 
 4.009 
 
 8,7110 
 1 :r. 
 
 7.093 
 13.11114 
 18,650 
 
 8,482 ! 
 
 33 
 1.078 
 1 ..563 
 1,922 
 2.472 
 4,157 
 30 
 
 258 
 1.837 
 2,073 
 
 993 
 
 19.90(1 
 1.3- 
 29,5.5(1 
 24,1.59 
 1 8.397 
 10.038 
 38,342 
 1,100 
 2.5,.545 
 4(1,.501 
 71, •2-23 
 17,017 
 
 Total 137,694 26,417 487,233 
 
 lillth. 
 12.-223 
 
 (1,.5(11 
 
 7,154 
 
 3(1,419 
 
 7,1175 
 
 10,914 
 
 13,. 92 
 
 14,981 
 
 157 
 
 14.479 
 
 15.579 
 
 46.135 
 
 1-',33(1 
 
 -2.1,>9< 
 
 374 
 
 19.MI6 
 
 311,471 
 
 49.975 
 
 15,943 
 
 Bmh. 
 
 4,758 
 889 
 1.03(1 
 11,l«lO 
 I 412 
 4 (..53 
 2,58-i 
 6,-.'.53 
 
 3,270 
 
 8.I-26 
 
 3,610 
 
 822 
 
 3,383 
 13,339 
 16.748 
 j 5,105 
 
 nmh. 
 11.9.58 
 
 9,4113 
 
 4.1.36 
 16.11-7 
 I6.^dll 
 l(;.0K5 
 1-2.(148 
 10(179 
 048 
 
 4.780 
 1 8..55 1 
 34,f43 
 
 9.289 
 4 ,134 
 
 2. '.55 
 20.972 
 •.4..'.77 
 19.542 
 13,130 
 
 28,038 
 21,497 
 l8,-i1l 
 34,130 
 12.7-28 
 4(l.--'.50 
 -.0,407 
 15.624 
 (I.OIO 
 37.010 
 3.',4li5 
 44.502 
 -iO,206 
 48,754 
 70 
 32,412 
 73,876 
 1.53.1.53 
 34,103 
 
 344,804 90,437 288,077 683,581 
 
 The gross sales of farm products in 1874 were 
 13,541,488. 
 
 The census is, unfortunately, almost entirely silent in 
 regard to the mechanical industries of the State, as 
 well as in regard to mercantile pursuits and the capi- 
 tal invested therein, and many other branches of in- 
 quiry falling properly within its line. Whether the 
 apology offered by its superintendent for this omission 
 
126 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 is sufficient is not a matter for discussion here. The 
 United States census for 1870 is much more complete, 
 but in its preparation many details were omitted, 
 while in others classification by counties was evidently 
 rendered impracticable from the magnitude of the 
 labor involved. From its ''selected statistics" of the 
 mechanical industries ot the county at the time it was 
 taken (1870) the following table is copied : 
 
 MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS. 
 
 Business. 
 
 Baskets 
 
 Book-liiuding. 
 
 Boots !tud shoes 
 
 Bread and bakery products.. 
 
 Brick 
 
 Brushes 
 
 Carpels — rag... 
 
 Carriages and wagons 
 
 Cheese-lactories 
 
 Cider 
 
 Clothing — men's 
 
 Women's.. 
 
 Coffee- and spice-mill 
 
 Confectinuery 
 
 Cooperage 
 
 Cotton goods 
 
 Cutlery 
 
 Drain-pipe 
 
 Files 
 
 Flouring-Qiills' prodncts 
 
 Food preparations — animal.. 
 
 Furniture 
 
 Gloves and mittens 
 
 Gas.., 
 
 
 29 1 
 3 
 14 
 31 
 
 5 1M| 
 
 ll 45 
 5 1 48l 
 48 207 
 Hi 23 
 9 l:i! 
 16 143 
 8 28 
 11 4 
 
 ! 4I 9 
 I 9 33 
 
 2 386 
 ' 1 116 
 
 1 4 
 
 ll 
 
 Gunpowder 
 
 Hats and caps 
 
 Hosiery 
 
 Iron — nails, etc 
 
 Pigs 
 
 Casting 
 
 Stoves, heaters, etc 
 
 Leather — tanned 
 
 Curried 
 
 Lime 
 
 Liquors— distilled 
 
 Malt 
 
 Lumber — planed 
 
 Sawed 
 
 Machinery — general 
 
 Railroad repairs 
 
 Engines and boilers 
 
 Marble — general , 
 
 Tombstones 
 
 Maaoury , 
 
 Meat— packed 
 
 Mining — iron ore , 
 
 Stone 
 
 Oil flooi-cloths., 
 
 Paints. 
 
 Paper — printing 
 
 Writing 
 
 Plaster — ground , 
 
 PrinliuL: and publishing , 
 
 Newspapers , 
 
 Rooting materials 
 
 Saddlery and harness 
 
 Sash, doors, etc , 
 
 Saws 
 
 Silverware , 
 
 Soap and candles , 
 
 Steel — cast 
 
 Tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 
 Tobacco and cigars 
 
 Cigars, 
 
 Upholstery 
 
 Woolen goods 
 
 Worsted goods 
 
 . 25 72 
 
 1 
 
 41, 
 16' 
 22j 
 
 3 271)1 
 2 67 
 
 1 42 
 
 4 175 
 6 202 
 
 2 22 
 
 II 97 
 
 III 57 
 51 47 
 
 14 411 
 
 6 307 
 1! 22 
 6 32 
 7, 91 
 1 4 
 5,268 
 
 825,000 
 
 3,500 
 
 2,50tl 
 
 24,975 
 
 36,9I» 
 
 10,000 
 
 47,1100 
 
 134,8.50 
 
 29,350 
 
 7,360 
 
 92,200 
 
 13,30M 
 
 15,000 
 
 3,9001 
 
 9,500! 
 
 123,500 
 
 60,000 
 
 10,000! 
 
 75,000 
 
 223,470 
 
 1,500 
 
 61,875! 
 
 4,000 
 
 97,000 
 
 60,000 
 
 1.54,000 
 
 76,200 
 
 100,000' 
 
 449.000 
 
 137,900 
 
 33,000 
 
 150,200 
 
 76,550 
 
 43,400 
 
 43,:J4" 
 
 76,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 426,000 
 
 00,1100 
 
 60,000 j 
 
 2.53,000] 
 
 18.000, 
 
 34,200| 
 
 13,2001 
 
 2,000 1 
 
 I 255,000! 
 
 3,025] 
 
 70,1100, 
 
 66,000! 
 
 60.000 i 
 140,00<l] 
 
 53,000 
 46,000 
 40,700] 
 15,000, 
 43,850 ! 
 43,600 
 
 200,000 
 50,000 
 15,600 
 25,000 
 
 123.100, 
 
 11. 000 1 
 7,400! 
 5,000 
 
 671,500 
 10,000| 
 
 $6,4.50 
 
 l.vOO 
 
 4,700, 
 
 9.750 
 
 22,041 
 
 S.OOO 
 
 9,750 
 
 77,162 
 
 2,6.50 
 
 624 
 
 46,120 
 
 4,476 
 
 1,000 
 
 2,190 
 
 8,814 
 
 106,000 
 
 .55.713 
 
 1,500 
 
 3J,20O 
 
 23,2.54 
 
 100 
 
 36,.550 
 
 6,000 
 
 6,600 
 
 10,000 
 
 11.0,000 
 
 24,700 
 
 26,0110 
 
 92,170' 
 
 84,1.62! 
 
 1 2,260 ; 
 
 41,700 
 
 13,900 
 
 19,787 
 
 4,351 
 
 30,000] 
 
 1,000' 
 
 36,200 1 
 
 4 1,2' 10, 
 
 36,000 1 
 
 201,963 
 
 24,000 
 
 13.500 
 
 60,700 
 
 I, .600 
 
 122,666 
 
 1,6.60 
 
 28,938 
 
 12,000 
 
 1,8001 
 
 36,000 ] 
 
 3,150 
 
 14,0OOJ 
 
 20,000, 
 
 12,600 
 
 20.588 
 
 67,268 
 
 67,100 
 
 6,000 
 
 3,800 
 
 12,000 
 
 48,910 
 
 7,700 
 
 7,200 
 
 2,000 
 
 130,ii:i3 
 
 8.000 
 
 rr,197 
 21,600 
 3,900, 
 46,229 
 12,504 
 9,600 
 2i,676 
 60,101 
 63,803 
 9,415 
 
 135,664 
 
 15,900 
 
 20,200 
 
 7,004 
 
 13,100 
 
 271,121 
 
 25,500 
 
 7,000 
 
 36,400 
 
 497,062, 
 600 
 42,256 
 10.000 
 21,725] 
 17,7.60' 
 
 348,7.501 
 37,026 
 49,.' 00' 
 
 406,005 
 
 138,160 
 27,300 
 
 233,90.". 
 
 29.;,2.59 
 23,469 
 36,154 
 
 120,000 
 26.3(KI 
 
 406,800 
 86,938 
 44,680 
 
 6»8,«77 
 30,000 
 2:;,425 
 68,890 
 20,062 
 14,000i 
 508 
 
 101,000, 
 68,500 
 69,760' 
 
 107,300 
 23,668 
 34,500 
 17,250, 
 23.000: 
 20,902 
 64,076! 
 71,800 
 25.000 
 2.5,000 
 28,700 
 
 115,626 
 15,200 
 7,983 
 4,(KX) 
 
 379,434, 
 6,000' 
 
 $16,714 
 23,800 
 11,000 
 74,882 
 6.-,,558 
 24,000 
 59,li38 
 
 2'i2.s.52 
 64,990 
 18,500 
 
 232,030 
 30,(i()0 
 24,000 
 15,340 
 28,475 
 
 407,800 
 87,750 
 20,000 
 83,000 
 
 587,814 
 10,2.50 
 
 101.084 
 17,500 
 49,423 
 
 1 Ml 1,000 
 
 804,000 
 70,500 
 80.0110 
 
 62.^,069 
 
 242,488 
 41,900 
 
 285,087 
 
 327,681 
 62,800 
 86,594 
 
 209,800 
 29,000 
 
 470,900 
 
 209,800 
 80,584 
 
 844,860 
 64,000 
 52,763 
 
 171,000 
 23,600 
 
 180,900 
 8.930 
 
 140.000 
 86,000 
 84,000 
 
 175,000 
 63,937 
 90,000 
 49,500 
 60,000 
 74,931 
 
 1.56,300 
 
 143,000 
 37,000 
 38,300 
 42,000 
 
 222,813 
 39,000 
 22,622 
 18,000 
 
 656,975 
 25,000 
 
 Number mechanical and inanufaoturing establish- 
 ments, 574; engines 68, horse-power 2265; water-wheels 
 85, horse-power 2185; hands employed, 5234; capital, 
 
 $5,413,620; wages paid, $2,125,870; materials used, 
 
 §6,060,125; product, -fil 0,409,348. 
 
 The growth of the manufacturing interest of the 
 county will more clearly ajipear from the following 
 statement in Williams' " New York Register" for 
 1834: 
 
 "Orange : FranHin Cumpmiy. This factory is situated in Walden, on 
 the Wnllkill River, near the falls, for the manufarture of flannels, and 
 is the most extensive in the State (1S;14) ; capital, SlOO,iinO, which is ail 
 invested. The establisbment consumes r.o.OfJO to 70,(XK> pounds of wool 
 per annum, and manufactures about 240,Ono yanis of white and colored 
 flannels. 
 
 *' Wnllkill Onnpanij, at AViiIden. This factory consumes about 120,000 
 pounds of cotton, and makes about 360,iiO(i yards of sheeting per annum. 
 
 " Oranye O'lnpany, also at WaMen. They manufacture about 30,000 
 yards of low-priced broadcloths per annum. 
 
 *' A woolen manufactory at Warwick. 
 
 " Parmele it Co. 's iron-works, for the manufacture of nails, etc.; an 
 extensive establishment. 
 
 " A number of works for umkiug iron from ore, at Monroe. 
 
 "Craig's paper manufactory, and Oakley's paper manufactory at 
 Bloomiiii'-Grove, 
 
 *'Townsend'8 cotton manufactory, and Townsetid's paper manufactory, 
 at Cornwall. 
 
 "Walsh's paper manufactory, and Rogere' powder factory, at New- 
 burgh. 
 
 *'Two woolen manufactories at Wallkill, one of which is owned by 
 Messrs. Phitlips. 
 
 " The village of Walden is situated at the falls of the Wallkill, eleven 
 miles West of Newburgh, and is surrounded by romantic scenery. Here 
 is extensive water-power for manufactories ; a part of the sites o ly are 
 occupied. A company was incorporated by the Legislature in 1832, 
 called the Walden Company, with a capital uf 8500,(KX), for the purpose 
 of purchasing, holding, and improving the water-power and mill-sites of 
 the village, and for manufacturing purposes." 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 CHURCHES-RELIGIOUS AND BENEVOLENT 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 The early settlers of the district now embraced in 
 the county were mainly Christians, and brought with 
 them their Bibles, and in some instances their relig- 
 ious and secular teachers. In other cases itinerant 
 ministers passed through the forest-paths in visitation 
 of the scattered settlers, who were led, as their num- 
 bers increased, to form societies, composed perhaps of 
 those who held different denominational views, and 
 who subsequently separated into societies in accord 
 with their faiths; but in one way or the other, wher- 
 ever population centred, the foundations of moral in- 
 fluence through religious worship were laid, and in 
 no county has this influence been more fully sustained, 
 the census of 1865 returning one hundred and fifteen 
 churches, with a seating capacity of forty-seven thou- 
 sand five hundred and eighty-four, to a population of 
 seventy thousand, a ratio higher than that of the city 
 of New York. In the order of their introduction, the 
 first denomination in the field was the German Lu- 
 theran ; the second, the Presbyterian ; the third, the 
 High Dutch ; and the fourth, the Church of England. 
 Numerically, there were ten churches in the district 
 prior to 1750, viz. : two Lutheran, three Presbyterian, 
 
CHURCHES. 
 
 127 
 
 two High Dutch, and three Episcopal or Church of 
 Enghmd. In 1764 the Baptist Church came in 
 through settlers from New England, but with this ex- 
 ception the denominations stated were without rivals. 
 Receiving strong and influential accessions from Scot- 
 land and Ireland, the Presbyterian Churches became 
 the most numerous at the outbreak of the Revolution, 
 and gave to that movement a support which has never 
 been challenged. Reserving more especially to the 
 towns in which they were located detailed histories of 
 present church organizations, we notice the earlier 
 steps in the introduction of the leading denomina- 
 tions. 
 
 T}IE LUTHERAN CHURCH. 
 
 Lutheranism was brought to Newburgh by the 
 Palatine immigrants of 1709, who were granted, in 
 addition to farm-lots, a glebe of five hundred acres 
 for " the sole and only proper use, benefit, and behoof 
 of a Lutheran minister to serve and have the care of 
 the inhabitants and their successors forever." Joshua 
 Kockerthal, who accompanied the nine families of 
 immigrants as their minister, did not locate per- 
 manently with them, but removed to Columbia 
 County. Justus Falconier, minister of the Lutheran 
 congregation of New York, served the people by an 
 annual visit, and, it is written, administered the rite 
 of baptism " in the house of one of the trustees, the 
 19th April, 1710." This is the first baptism of record 
 in the county. Falconier died in 1723, and in 1725 
 William Christopher Berkenmeyer became his suc- 
 cessor in visiting the settlement, it being agreed, in 
 1730, that he should receive as compensation "thirty 
 shepels of wheat." His successor was Michael Chris- 
 tian Knoll, who served similar congregations at Hack- 
 ensack and Wappinger's Creek until 1749, at which 
 time it is stated that " there lived" as tenants upon 
 the glebe and thereabout, on both sides of the river, 
 " more than thirty families" of that " Protestant Con- 
 fession." Their house of worship was erected be- 
 tween the years 1726 and 1731, and was adorned by a 
 bell which had been given to them by the govern- 
 ment, but which, in the early years of their parish 
 history, they had loaned to the Lutheran Church in 
 New York. In the course of the forty years which 
 had passed since their settlement many changes had 
 taken place among them, and in 1749 they were largely 
 outnumbered by those who had been added to the set- 
 tlement, and who were termed " Dutch and English 
 new inhabitants of other Confessions." Availing 
 themselves of the provisions of the charter of the 
 glebe providing for an annual election of trustees, 
 the latter class, at the election in 1747, elected those 
 who were not Lutherans, and closed the doors of the 
 church to a minister of that denomination except by 
 consent. The last recorded services were held July 
 3 and Oct. 2, 1748. The record closes : " This year, 
 1749, our minister has not been there on the shore, 
 and the church being locked up." The Lutherans 
 appealed to the Governor and Council to restore to 
 
 them the franchise, and the new trustees made peti- 
 tion to vacate the charter. The latter were success- 
 ful, and in 1751 a new charter was issued confirming 
 the income of the glebe to the support of a " minister 
 of the Church of England as by law established, and 
 of a schoolmaster to teach and instruct the children 
 of the inhabitants" of the parish, the name of which 
 was then changed from the " Palatine Parish of Quas- 
 saick" to the " Parish of Newl)urgh." 
 
 The second Lutheran Church was in the present 
 town of Montgomery. Among the patented lands in 
 the old precinct of Wallkill was one to Francis Har- 
 rison, Oliver Schuyler, and Allen Jarrat (known as 
 the Harrison Patent), issued July 7, 1720. Soon after 
 its issue it was divided in farm-lots and an effort made 
 to obtain settlers. What were known as Palatines 
 supplied the materials. These immigrants were of 
 three classes : first, those who found their way to 
 England in 1708 and were sent to Quassaick ; second, 
 those who had formed part of the "Swiss contingent" 
 in the allied army under the Prince of Orange, ten 
 thousand of whom were sent to America by England 
 and mainly located in Columbia and Ulster Counties; 
 and, third, those who were induced by the represen- 
 tations of emigrant agents to accept of homes in the 
 New World. From one of the two last classes a col- 
 ony was obtained for the Harrison Patent, i'or whose 
 encouragement a village was laid out under the name 
 of Germantown and a log church erected, which was 
 long known as the " Harrison Meeting-House." The 
 first colony was located in or about 1722, and was 
 composed of Hans Newkirk, Hendrick Newkirk, 
 
 Mattias Slimmer, Peter Kysler, Krans, 
 
 Brandos, to each of whom a deed for a farm tract was 
 given. The church building, it is said, was blown 
 down after the war of the Revolution, and the Lu- 
 theran element in the settlement and adjoining not 
 being sufliciently numerous to erect another, the con- 
 gregation became absorbed in other denominations. 
 The ancient graveyard is the only remaining witness 
 of the site, and in it but a single monumental inscrip- 
 tion: "Born 1686, died 1759. A. M. M." The records 
 of the church, if any there ever were, perished with 
 its early members, some of whom are still represented 
 by descendants residing in the town in which the an- 
 cient church was located. 
 
 As being among the earliest pioneers in civilization, 
 and certainly the earliest in introducing the ordi- 
 nances of religion, the Palatines, or Lutherans, of 
 Quassaick and Germantown deserve recognition in 
 the annals of the county. 
 
 There are now two German Lutheran Churches in 
 the county, viz. : 
 
 St. Peter'f,, Port Jervis Rev. B. Kiilin. 
 
 St. Paul's. Newburgh Rev. W. R. Buebler. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 From the deeds on record the fact is clearly estab- 
 lished that the Presbyterian Church at Goshen was 
 the first of that denomination in the present county. 
 
128 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 By the terms of the agreement under which the town- 
 ship of Goshen was founded, tiie proprietors of the 
 Wawiiyandii Patent agreed to give a farm-lot of two 
 hundred acres to sucli minister as the purchasers of 
 the tciwiisiiip lots should elect, while the purchasers 
 were taxed ten acres on every hundred held by them 
 for higiiways and for a parsonage, a burying-gmund, 
 and other public uses. The latter stipulation was 
 complied with on the 17th of July, 1721, and deeds 
 for three parcels given (one parcel containing seventy 
 acres, one sixty-one acres, and one nine acres) to John 
 Yelverton, in trust, who fcertified that a minister, the 
 Rev. John Bradner, had been settled, that a parson- 
 age-house was then being erected, and that it was in- 
 tended to build a meeting-house. The deed from the 
 proprietors was executed April 17, 1721, to Bradner 
 and his heirs, iis a consideration "over and above the 
 salary and |)erquisites" which should be given to him, 
 he being recognized as " the first minister of the pre- 
 cinct of Gosiien." Bradner died in 1732. Hewassuc- 
 ceeded by Rev. Silas Leonard, who served until his 
 death in 1754. Rev. Abner Brush served from 1758 to 
 176(), when the Rev. Nathan Kerr was installed. He 
 was not the "successor" of Mr. Bradner, as has been 
 erroneously stated, although he may have been in the 
 esteem of the people, in whose charge he remained 
 until his death, in 1804.* The first church edifice 
 stood on the site now occupied by the court-house, 
 facing the Westcott house, which was the original 
 parsonage. The first rude stone erected in the grave- 
 yard had the inscription, "J. Finch, First Grave, 
 171(3," showing that interments had been made prior 
 to the formal deeds, the lot having been one of the 
 three reserved in the survey. 
 
 The second Presbyterian Church was that known as 
 Goodwill, in the town of Montgomery. The precise 
 date of its organization cannot be fixed, the earliest 
 record evidence in relation to it being under date of 
 Sept. 20, 1729, at which time John McNeal presented 
 an application to the Synod of Philadelphia for sup- 
 plies of preaching. The traditional evidence in re- 
 gard to it is tliat it was originally composed of "about 
 forty families that had emigrated from diflerent parts 
 
 *Mr. KftT liHS Iteori preserved iu sevenil liistoricitl nspectttj and enpe- 
 cially lt,v Mr. Ilt'jullt'.v in his " C'lf ifry i>f the Kevnlntinn." Theftilluw- 
 in;: Hiiec'l'ile tViiin lUvin^t-tn'tt Ac*c Yi-rk llitzette, ivLlw "JI, 17->0, hIiuwb 
 ttnit he ctinM he I'Hieljuns us wvU as patiiotic : 
 
 *' Niithun Kerr, the pa-toi- of Gohhen, in New York, iu a serinon tle- 
 livereil the hittt shi-ariii^-Iinie to his t1>>ck, previonH to the geiidin;; his 
 deaeonNani'Ml^ them to coMeet (he tieeee, liseil Inan.v cm ions and piitlielic 
 argnnn'nts to induce them to pay in their seveial 8nlMcri|iti<>n!i with a 
 pri'per aMowance for the depreciation of tiie paper cnireney. He com- 
 plained much of the injuEtice of a ciuitiiiiy conduct, and cliar^ed (lie neg- 
 lect ot the ndid>teiB in thi.4 respect upon them, a:< one of tinise crying 
 sins which had called down so nuiny heavy juitgno-nls lui their heads. 
 Thai these nii;;ht be removed, he strongly reconmiended to them to le- 
 pent paitjinlap ly of the hcinons sin of ilefi'ainiin;; the inirdstei's. Then, 
 with uplifted eye- and hands, and plaintive voice, addressetl himself to the 
 Alnn^hty in neatly the lollowjng words: * U (iod I onr colli is hlasted' 
 our fruit is all cut i>H I our flux is caught under the snow, so that we shall 
 Boon have neither sliift nor shirt! And what, oA, Uod! dost tiiou t«- 
 tend to tlu with thy people next?'" 
 
 of Ireland, but principally from the county of Lon- 
 donderry," and who, in their new home, were called 
 "the people of Wallkill." Its first church edifice 
 was erected in 1735, and its first pastor, the Rev. Jo- 
 seph Houston, was settled in 1735. The original 
 meeting-house gave place to a new one in 17(55, and 
 the latter, after sheltering the congregation for over 
 one hundred years, was converted into the present 
 edifice in 1875. During its existence not less than 
 five congregations have sprung from its loins, — the 
 Neelytown Church, Hamptonburgh Church, Hope- 
 well Church, Graham's Church, Berea Church, and 
 Montgomery Village Church, and several other soci- 
 eties have been recruited from its ranks. 
 
 The third Presbyterian Church was the Bethlehem, 
 of Cornwall, designated in some early church records 
 by the name of Highlands, from the precinct which 
 it immediately adjoined, and in which a large per- 
 centage of its active members resided. The date of 
 its organization is not certain, but it was probably 
 some time about 1730,t in which year its three first 
 elders, Thomas Smith, Sr., Charles Clinton, and .James 
 Given, located in the district. Its first pastor was the 
 Rev. Mr. Chalker, in 1734, who appears to have ac- 
 cepted the charge under an agreement by which he 
 was also to serve Goodwill Church " as pastor of both 
 congregations," but which agreement Goodwill sub- 
 sequently declined to execute. Its first church edifice 
 was probably erected in 1731 ; the deed for the land 
 on which it was situated was given by Dr. John 
 Nieoll in 1739, at which time Thonuis Smith, Sr., 
 Charles Clinton, and John Given were its elders. 
 During the early years of its existence the church had 
 a wide-spread congregtition, embracing Cornwall, 
 Blooming-Grove, New Windsor, and Newburgh. The 
 First Presbyterian Church of Newburgh and the First 
 Presbyterian Church of New Windsor were planted 
 under its care. 
 
 There are now thirty-three Presbyterian Churches 
 in the county, viz. : 
 
 Amitv Kev. D. D. Timlnw. 
 
 licthieh.'in •' David J Atwater. 
 
 Cenlieville " Chai les \V. Cooper. 
 
 (hotel- " Theoilole A. Legged. 
 
 Circleville " Charles II. I'uik. 
 
 Cornwall " George I*. Nol.le. 
 
 Canierhnry ** Lvman Ahhott. 
 
 lli-nton....'. Vacant. 
 
 Floiida, Kirst Kev. Asaliel A. flark. 
 
 Second •' Henry A. Hallow. 
 
 Goshen " Witlimn I». Snodgrass. 
 
 liainptotihiirgh '* Shd.-i c. Ilephiirn. 
 
 Ili^'lilaiid Kails " Al.ijah Greene. 
 
 Ih.pewidl " .loh 11 Turner. 
 
 Liille liiituin " H. Hiiwaid Wallace. 
 
 Middlehope " Vacant. 
 
 Rliddlelowu. Fiist " Nuliianiel Klmer. 
 
 " Second " Charles Beatlie. 
 
 Monroe " Daniel A. Kieel 1. 
 
 Montgiiniery {Goodwill^ " .lames M. Dicksnn. 
 
 Monlgomery (.Villagel " James G. Fol-syth. 
 
 t The date is not certain, some authorities Iiolding that the orgHni/.a- 
 tion was in Mtt't. In the records of the church, uinler date of I8'J7, it is 
 wiitten : '* According to the hcsl inforniatioii, it (tliechnicli edifice) in list 
 have been erected about the year 1731." which would imply a previous 
 orgaiiizalion of the society, at least infornially. Thomas Smith, Sr.,aiid 
 Charles Clin(on, who appear in the deed of 1739 as elders of the society, 
 were not iu the district uutil 1730. 
 
CHURCHES. 
 
 129 
 
 Mniml Hiipc Itcv. T.iulier T.ittcll. 
 
 NrwI.uigli (FIrxt) " WilliKlii K. Hull. 
 
 " (''ttlvHry) *' .I<Ti*iuii(li Si-Hilf. 
 
 " (Ulliollj " Fleilelick li, Siiviige. 
 
 New WiiitltHir Vju'Hitt. 
 
 (lliavill^ H.'V lii.l.mt II. Oniiir 
 
 I'url .l.-ivis " Allivil 1'. llMtsloril. 
 
 Hi.liri'l.iir.v " Tli.-.»l,.ri' lluttiiii]. 
 
 Si-.ilrlit"vvn *' Piiviil Rr-nt1ii'. 
 
 Uiii'>nvillv " lIcMiiy F. Wwlm-Milh. . 
 
 Wastiiiigloiiville (Firat) '* .Ijtllif..* B lk'ainii"iil. 
 
 '• (Sfcoud) " Nnlliiin M. .sh. rwo k1. 
 
 Wesltowii " Limri'nsT. Sliiiler. 
 
 CHURCH OF KN(7I,.AND. 
 
 In " a summary account of tlie state of the church," 
 made by William Vesey, rector of Trinity, in 1704, 
 it is written : " In Orange County there are aliout 
 sixty families of several nations, who have no min- 
 ister nor are able to raise a salary for one," — the refer- 
 ence being to the county as originally constituted. In 
 the annals of the London " Society for the Propaga- 
 tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts" it is written 
 (1728) : "The Society have received many fresh ap|)li- 
 cations from congregations of people in the Planta- 
 tions to have missionaries sent to them ; 'particularly 
 from the inhabitants of New Windsor, in Ulster 
 County;" and during the following year (1729), that 
 "the Society have received a letter from the Rev. Mr. 
 Vesey, at New York, inclosing one from Francis Har- 
 rison, Esq., one of his majesty's council of that Prov- 
 ince, wherein he acquaints that, pursuant to the de- 
 cree of the Society, he had inquired into the number, 
 cf>ndition, and circumstances of the inhal>itants of 
 New Windsor and parfs ridjarnif, and is informed this 
 district is twenty miles from north to south and six- 
 teen from east to west, and contains about four hun- 
 dred inhabitants; that the chief of them live in good 
 credit and reputation ; but that there is no clergyman 
 to officiate among this large body of people within 
 eighty miles' distance." In response to this petition 
 the society sent out tlie Rev. Richard Charlton, who 
 entered upon his duties in 17.31. He was soon after 
 succeeded by the Rev. W. Kilpatrick, who served 
 until 1734, from which time until 1744-4.'5, when the 
 Rev. Hezekiah Watkins was appointed, the parish 
 was vacant. The latter established three stations in 
 the parish, — one at New Windsor; one on the Otter- 
 kill, known as St. David's,* and one on the Wallkill, 
 known as St. Andrew's. The New Windsor station 
 w'as changed to Newburgh in 1747, where, soon after, 
 the glebe which had been set apart for the support 
 of a Lutheran minister passed into its possession, 
 and where it became known (1751) as the Newburgh 
 mission, and in 1770, by letters of incorporation, as 
 St. George's. During the war of the Revolution it 
 practically ceased to exist, but was revived in 1815, 
 under the Rev. John Brown, who, during that year, 
 administered " the Holy Communion for the first time 
 in the parish since the Revolutionary war, to the 
 small number of three." The mission station at St. 
 David's was also incorporated in 1770, and erected, in 
 
 * Tli« graVHVard at Buniside, in wliich repose the reDmilis of Rev. 
 Hezekiah WatkiuB, marks t)ie audeiit site. 
 
 1774,t a church edifice, but never completed it. The 
 congregation was almo.st entirely dispersed during the 
 
 i It is iiiferrcii tluit a clinrcli edifice nf sunn* ilfscriptiiui was erected 
 prinr til the dnte her- Liv>-u, ami that the hiiihliiig nf 1774 wjih a settoud 
 stimtiin'. When the Ki'V. .lohli Suyrecanie into the fii-hl sis the Slleces- 
 snr nf Mr. Wiitkiiis, he f.iiiiiil thi-i ntl ulmrch, aa well as the nne in ni- 
 cupalinii al Newlaiigh ati<l that at St. \iiiln-\v's. None nf them seemed 
 ^l eniirnilii t.i his sl mliiid, a'ld his fiist eflnrls. aft'-r securing fnr eaeh 
 <Iivisinii nf the I'Hiish a i-nyul uliaiter, under the titles of St. Daviil's, St. 
 George V, ami St. Andrew's, was tn hiiild ajtarisli cliiireli at New Windsor, 
 whel'e there hail never heeli one, which shniiM he what h ■ calli (1 the 
 "caiiitnl"' of Ihe parish. An has In-en st.'teil alsivi*, the i>atish had heeil 
 known as the ** l*arish of New VVimlsnr" from its fmimling nnlit 1752, 
 when, nioler the ro'W chattel- of tli^ Clel.e. it was cliaiigeil to the " I'ar- 
 i:-li of Newhnrgh." Mr. Sayte iiiged that New Winilsor wa-* entitled to 
 the ** rafltnl * hy reasnii of oi igimil de.lii-atinn. and frnin the fait that it 
 Inid lint only "had all the hurlheti of the two tiivt liiissionaries,'' hut 
 wiiN still known as the "palish nf New Windsor" hy the Sniiety for 
 Propagating tlie Gospel, to the reconls nf which the til le sin at hi euidoriii. 
 A part <if his plan was to ohtaili an alilemlment to the new Gleheciiarter 
 changing the name to New Windsor, and applwiig the revenues In the 
 pariah ciiiircli. Theoflici il memheiTiol the parish nf Niovlaiigh eniisented 
 tn unite ill luilding a church "near New Winds tr,' hnt when siihse- 
 qilently asked to itn sn lehised to agree to the proposed amendment nf the 
 tilehe chatter, saying (hat they wmilrl not have given their assent to the 
 hililding Innl they lia.l " tin- most distant thought" that it would " have 
 tended tn alH.x thi' Glehe at Xewhiiigh toachiilvh at New Windsor." and 
 " urged Ihi-ir fear of the people of New hurgh iftheyshniild consent to siudl 
 a step, and it would he unsafe for them to ride the I'nadsfor fear of assassi- 
 initi III " The matter of changing the ciiarter seemed In have heen drnpped, 
 hut a huhsciipti III for hiiihliiig a church was raised. This siihs4'ri|>tioti 
 W1U4 made payalde to tin* " lei:tor and menihel's of St. Ilavid's Chiircti, in 
 the precinct nf Cornwall," on the condition that the hnihliiig Hhoiild ho 
 erected " on a spnt of ground t<' he agreed upon ami Jiincnied" on the 
 Boll til si.le of Cliamliers* Cieck, " so that the same shall he nut and inde- 
 pendent of tin- jiii s liclion of the trustees of the pai ish nf Newhnrgh." 
 Whether tlie hiiihliiig was erected doi's not appe.ir. nor where it was loca- 
 tetl if erei led ; hill as there is no lecord ofaiiy other stnictine than that 
 klinwn as St Daxid's, it is inferred, as slated, that it is the one referred 
 to ill the le.Nt. Tile following were (he siihsciiptions: 
 
 £ », .(. , £ «. il. 
 
 .I.diii Savre, .Ir !> 
 
 il 11 
 
 Kllisoii KKi 
 
 Win. Kllison -.'.5 
 
 .Inhii Kl isnn '2ri 
 
 .Saiiil. Whiliiiore 2 
 
 Flal 
 
 .h,hn Nic II 
 
 .Inhli liatt<ni 
 
 William Williams 
 
 Cilhinl Peet 
 
 Olunli.ihSniilh 
 
 Jeih 1 lalk 
 
 Cilhanl liaiton 
 
 Henjalnin Case 
 
 Sam. Ailhiir 
 
 Aiidlew Sherwiaal 
 
 UellI.en I'lalk 
 
 I'at'i. k McCamriel.... 
 Piivi t Soiilheiland, Sr 
 
 .Inhll Cellev 
 
 David Maiid.vil 
 
 Aiiins Mills 
 
 L»avid Suite 
 
 .lames Sntteii . 
 
 Tl iihilus Cnrwiii.... 
 
 .h.liannah Kleek 
 
 Itohert Newsoli 
 
 Mark Car 
 
 James Ctinhill 
 
 I Vincent Matthews 
 
 II Geor Cliutnii :) 
 
 II II Leonard Ni.oll 2 
 
 « U ' Nathan el l.isconil Ill 
 
 II II I John IhdI.iW II 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 .Maodevill 1 10 II I hiislopher Gnllow.. 
 
 I 111 U 
 
 II 2 II 
 
 Hi II 
 II Hi 
 
 1 III II 
 1 II II 
 2 II 
 
 S 
 
 1 111 II 
 S II 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 U 
 
 u u 
 
 4 
 
 4 U 
 
 II u 
 
 II 
 
 8 
 
 II 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 II II 
 
 II II 
 
 II II 
 
 4 II 
 
 » 
 
 8 (I 
 
 K 
 
 II S II 
 
 I 10 
 
 II 4 
 U 111 II 
 II 4 
 I 10 II 
 
 Isaac Stoii house.. 
 Isaac Sehnltz.. 
 
 Henry K llsirii II 
 
 William .lacksoii I 
 
 .lames .lackson, Jr I 
 
 Samuel l,o;!aii 111 
 
 Uelljamill Hnniali 8 
 
 Silas While 8 
 
 llavid llallidav 8 
 
 Jlldah llailnw lli 
 
 S\lvaiiiis lln.siiiheiTV 1 HO 
 
 Samu 1 Thorn.. 5 
 
 John Jnhnsnii 10 
 
 S 1. Brewster 3 II 
 
 Sand, liiowsler, Jr n In 
 
 Joseph Smith 8 
 
 .lani s I'eeters .5 
 
 Tl as.lacks.ui 80 
 
 Leonard Suiilll 3 
 
 William Ednionston 1 II 
 
 Stephen Peek 1 10 
 
 Josei.h Wood HI 
 
 Joseph 1)1 like 1 
 
 In coiiiiecliou with this suhject we give the following e.xtract from the 
 records of St. Andrew's Church, which has heen kindly furnished hy 
 Itev. O. Applegate. The statement lieai-sevidence of lull ing heen written 
 at a date ciuuparatively recent and on tradition, but it is nevertheless not 
 without value : 
 
 " In 17^12 or '3, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in For- 
 eign Parts sent Kev. Richard Charlton to New Windsor, in Ulster Co. 
 That part of the county was new and thinly settled, hut some families 
 of the church at New Windsor, viz. : the Alsops, Ellisons, Chamhers, 
 Lawrences; in the interior part of the county, the Ciddens, Matthews, 
 \Mlemaii8, MacKentosh. Unll, etc. The parish of New Windsor was then 
 said to include all these. Mr. Charlton ufBciated fur some time in pri- 
 
lao 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Revolution, and the building occupied as a hospital 
 by the army. It was subsequently partly blown over 
 and permitted to decay. A church organization, how- 
 ever, was maintained until a comparatively recent 
 period, and possession of the location and burying- 
 ground* is still retained. St. Andrew's has a some- 
 what brighter record, having escaped dissolution 
 during the Revolution, although greatly weakened. 
 It is said to have been the first of the three stations to 
 erect a house of worship, — a log building with a fire- 
 place, — which was located at the fork of the road now 
 leading from St. Andrew's to Shawangunk and Wal- 
 den. Soon after its incorporation in 1770, the con- 
 gregation erected what was considered a very fine edi- 
 fice, and also a parsonage-house, and was presented 
 with ten acres of land by Peter DuBois, and by Rich- 
 ard Bradley, attorney-general of the province, with a 
 farm of two hundred ajid twenty acres. The Rev. 
 John Sayre, who had been appointed tn succeed the 
 Rev. Hezekiah Watkins, and who had been instru- 
 mental in obtaining the incorporation (if the three 
 parishes named, resigned liis position in 1775, through 
 attachment to the crown, and the rectorship remained 
 vacant until 17911. The church is now known as St. 
 Andrew's of Walden. 
 
 Tale houses, but he soon got tireil of the country, and being a young man 
 formed an attachment in New York, married and left. The Society for 
 the Propagation of tlie Gospel tsuiip ied his place b,v removing tlieir mis- 
 sionary, Kev. Mr. Kilpatrirk, from Cape Fair, in Newfoundland, to 
 New Windsor; but he having a large family and being a cnrpulent man 
 soon got tired of the onuutry, as well as they of him. The mission was 
 vacant until 17.14, when Di. .lohnson, of Connecticut, recommended Mr. 
 Hezekiah Watkins as a prnpei' person to be sent home fur OrdeiB. A 
 small subscription was raisetl for him, and he went to England; Wiis ol- 
 dained and appointed by the .Society as missionary with a salary of 
 only £-'iO, to otliciate at tbr<-e divisions of the mission, viz : At New 
 Windsor on the Hudson Biver, at the Otterkill in Orange (Jo , and at the 
 Wallkill in Ulster Co. Watkins was a single man of easy and inoffensive 
 disposition, so that he lived happily with his people till the day of his 
 death. During this time no place of wni^hip was built except at the 
 Wallkill division, where they put up a temporary log cabin with a fire- 
 place in it. In 1750 the inhabitants of Newburgh applied for and ob- 
 tained a grant of 5U0 acres, which bad formerly been granted by Queen 
 Ann to a number of Lutherans, these Lutherans having all but one or 
 two sold their rights and removed out of the county. Th. se that re- 
 mained surrendered their right in the Glebe to the Crown ithis is an 
 error — Ed.), and it was regranted by charter. After obtaining the char- 
 ter Mr. Watkins was put in possession of the 100 acres set aside for the 
 minister, and he after that officiated every third Sunday in a small church 
 on the Glebe built by the Lutherans. This church was before that kept 
 at the town of New Windsor, and his moving to Newburgh gave offence 
 to the heads of the church at New Wiudsor, and caused an unhappy rup- 
 ture that was detrimental to the prosperity of the church (hereafter. 
 In 17(J8 or '9 the Rev, John Sayre was appointed to this inis-iun, now 
 by the name of Newburgh, aud parts adjacent. He took possession of 
 the Glebe, and brought matters which had been neglected into a little 
 better regulation. He preached alternately at Newburgh, the Otter- 
 kill division, and Wallkill Division or log church. He was a popular 
 preacher, and obtained a charter of incorporation for each church, viz. : 
 St. George's, St. Andrew's, and St. David's, all dated July :iO, 1770." 
 
 * In this liurying-ground, now entirely neglected, and from which it 
 is said many headstones have been removed and converted into door- 
 stones, lie the remains of Kev. Hezekiah Watkins, and also of his 
 mother, .loanna, widow of Ephraim Watkins, and of several members 
 of his father's family, — Abel, Joseph, Joseph (2d), Hezekiah, Jesse, and 
 Submit, wife of Samuel. The inscription on the headstone of Rev. Hez- 
 ekiah is as follows: " Sacred to the memory of the Kev. Hezekiah Wat- 
 kins, who departed this life on the lOtli day of April, 1765, aged 57." 
 
 Under the rectorship of Rev. Frederick Van Horn, 
 St. Andrew's made .some progress after 1790, and 
 throiigii his efforts established a congregation (now 
 St. James') at Goshen, but it was not until after the 
 settlement of Rev. John Brown at.Newburgh, in 1815, 
 that the Episcopal Church — the successor of the 
 Church of England — began to recover the ground 
 which it had lost during the Revolution. Although 
 deprived of the income of the glebe, which, in the 
 absence of "a minister of tne Church of E^nghind, as 
 by law e.-itablished," had been, by act of the Legis- 
 lature in 1804, permanently applied to the mainten- 
 ance of a school, Mr. Brown succeeded in reviving 
 St. George's Church under its old name, and subse- 
 quently in organizing St. Thomas' at New Windsor. 
 Missions under his care were also founded at Port 
 Jervis (now Grace Church , and at Monticello, Sul- 
 livan Co. (now St. John's Church), in which latter he 
 performed divine service once in three months for 
 about ten years. In 1860, St. George's parish was 
 divided and St. Paul's Church established. 
 
 The following are the Episcopal Churches and mis- 
 sions in the county at the present time, with the date 
 of their admission to the Diocesan Convention : 
 
 1785.t St. George's, Newburgh; Rev. John Brown, D.D., Rector Emer- 
 itus ; Rev. Octaviua Applegate, Rector. 
 
 1785.t St. Andrew's. Walden Rev. Francis Washburn. 
 
 1785.f St. David's, Washingtonville " G. Van Horn, missionary. 
 
 1S03. St. James', Goshen " Wm. H. DeL Grannis. 
 
 1818. St. Thomas', New Windsor " H. McKiin, Jr. 
 
 1845. Grace, Middletown " G. D. Sillinian. 
 
 1850. Holy Innocents, Highland Falls " W. R Thomas. 
 
 1854. Grace, Port Jervis " Alex. Capron. 
 
 18.S8. St. John's, Canterbury *' Wm. E. Snowden. 
 
 1860. St. Paul's, Newburgh '' Rufus Emery, 
 
 186C. Christ, Warwick, vacant at present; last rector. Rev, Alf. Gobls- 
 bo rough. 
 
 1868. St. John's, Greenwood Rev. Samuel Moran. 
 
 1869. Grace, Monroe " H. A. Dows 
 
 1871. St, George's Mission, Newburgh " A. O. Hoehing. 
 
 REFORMEJI DUTCH I'llLRtll. 
 
 At an early date — one authority says August, 1716 
 — the Rev. Petrus Vas, pastor of the Reformed Dutch 
 Church in Kingston, visited the settlements which had 
 been founded on the Delaware River, and which were 
 mainly composed of German, Dutch, and Huguenot 
 immigrants, who had found their way thither from 
 King.ston and New Paltz. How far his circuit ex- 
 tended is not known ; but prior to 1737 at least four 
 informal societies were in existence, and in that year 
 were organized as the "united churches of Mini- 
 sink." These churches were the Walpack Church, 
 in the Walpack bend of the Delaware; the Shapenac 
 Church, seven miles above ; the Minisink Church, 
 twelve miles farther on ; and eight miles farther up, 
 in the forks of the Delaware and Neversink, the 
 Maghaghkemek Church. Dominie Vas was succeeded 
 by Rev. George Wilhelnms Mancius, in 1732, and 
 continued the work which his predecessor had inaug- 
 urated, having, prior to 1741, baptized over one hun- 
 dred children in the Maghaghkemek Church. The 
 first settled pastor of the four churches was Rev. 
 Johannes Casparus Fryenmoek, in 1741. The first 
 
 ■(■Organized 1782; chartered l'?70. 
 
CHURCHES. 
 
 131 
 
 church edifice of the Maghaghkemek congregation 
 was erected in 174;{, — a I0.2; structure of perhaps tliirty 
 feet square. This building was burnt by Brant in his 
 raid in 1779. Its successor was a building forty feet 
 square, two stories high, and stood on the site of the 
 original edifice by the roadside, near what is now the 
 junction of Main Street and Jersey Avenue in Port 
 Jervis. This building served the purposes of the 
 congregation until 1833, when it was taken down and 
 a larger one erected, and formally dedicated as the 
 "Reformed Dutch Church of Deerpark." The edi- 
 fice now occupied was erected in 18(38. 
 
 All the ministers named in connection with the 
 church at Maghaghkemek apjiarently performed no 
 little itinerant work, not only on the Delaware River, 
 but in the Wallkill Valley. It is at least presumable 
 that Dominie Vas especially made the present town 
 of Montgomery one of liis stations, as his successor, 
 Dominie Mancius, found therein 1732, if not a society, 
 those who were ready to be organized as such, and gave 
 them constitution under the name of the German 
 Reformed Church of Wallkill, of which Johannes 
 Yong Bloet (Youngblood) was the first elder, and 
 Jacob Broch Slaber (Bookstaver) the first deacon. Its 
 first church edifice was a log building, which is said 
 to have been so " constructed that the upper story 
 projected on all sides beyond the lower one, and 
 served as a block-house for defense against attacks 
 from the Indians, as well as a house of worship. The 
 only way of entrance was by means of a ladder, and 
 the hour of service was announced by blowing a tin 
 horn."* This tradition may or may not be true; if 
 true, the probabilities are that the building was 
 erected for a block-house during the Frencli and In- 
 dian war of 1756, when a number of such structures 
 were made in Ulster and Orange, and that it was sub- 
 sequently occupied by the society. Whatever may be 
 the actual facts, it was known and recognized as a 
 church in 1758, — Ballard Beekford, of New York, 
 giving to the society, in that year, four acres of land 
 described as being " on the west side of Wallkill 
 River, lying a little above the mill known as Mingus' 
 mill,t where the High Dutch church now stands," 
 the land to be converted into a burying-ground. In 
 1760 the log church was taken down and a frame 
 structure erected, which was occupied until 1803, 
 when it gave place to the present brick edifice. The 
 first baptisms were in 1734, by Dominie Mancius. 
 The first settled minister of the society was Rev. John 
 Michael Kern in 1772. 
 
 While the Dutch ministers at Esopus were itinera- 
 ting in the Wallkill and Delaware Valleys, a society 
 of the same faith had been founded at Orangetown, 
 In the extreme southeastern portion of original 
 Orange. It was organized Oct. 24, 1694. Its first 
 
 * Jacob Fr.ink Howe, " American Historical Reconis," January, 1873. 
 
 + Mingus' mill was erected in 1722-23, by Johannes Mingus, who, it 
 is 6ai«l in an old MSS., " misfortunately happeiied to be killed soon after." 
 Mattis Miltzbaugb married bis widow, and continued the mill. 
 
 minister was the Rev. Guilliam Bartholf, and its first 
 church edifice was erected in 1716. How early mem- 
 bers of this society found their way to the Wawayanda 
 Patent cannot be stated, but the fact is well ascertained 
 that the families of Blauvelt, Demarest, Bartholf, 
 Cooper, Van Houton, and DeHart, who were located 
 in Warwick prior to 1760, were of the Orangetown 
 stock ; and the conclusion is not improbable that they 
 maintained the faith of their fathers, and received 
 pastoral attention from the Orangetown Church. It 
 is stated, however, that not being in sufficient number 
 to maintain a society, and being desirous of living in 
 harmony with their neighbors, they consented to unite 
 with the Presbyterians in founding a church at War- 
 wick in 1764 or '65. In 1770, John Morin Scott, 
 whose career during the Revolution is not unfamiliar, 
 and who was then interested in the Wawayanda 
 Patent, gave land for the erection of a Presbyterian 
 church and for a burial-ground, and William Wick- 
 ham added one acre to the gift. In 1773 or '74 a 
 building was erected and inclosed, but was not com- 
 pleted until 1792. Presbyterian service was main- 
 tained until 1803, when, the Dutch element being the 
 most numerous and influential, it was agreed that, aa 
 the deed of the property was in the Presbyterians, it 
 should continue to be held by Presbyterian trus- 
 tees, while the Reformed Dutch Consistory should 
 have charge of all the spiritual interests of the church. 
 It was also agreed that the name should be the " Pres- 
 byterian and Reformed Dutch Church of Warwick." 
 These preliminaries having been settled, application 
 was made to the Classis of Paramus for constitution, 
 in response to which that duty was performed by 
 deputation from the Classis, Jau. 7, 1804. Andrew 
 Ackerman and Cornelius Demarest were the first 
 elders; Aaron Taylor and John G. Ackerson the 
 first deacons; and Rev. Charles Hardenbergh the first 
 settled pastor. Under its title of 1804 the church re- 
 mains at the present time, although practically classed 
 as one of the American Reformed (Dutch) Churches 
 of the country. 
 
 There are now in the county seven American 
 (Dutch) Reformed Churches, viz. : 
 
 Cuddebackville, Deerpark Rev. John DnBois. 
 
 Deerpark, I'ort Jervis " Henry M. Voorheea. 
 
 Montgomery " H. S. Sclienck. 
 
 '■ " Berea *' J. Milliken 
 
 Newburgh " J. Halst*^d Carroll. 
 
 Walden " Martin V. Sclioonmaker, 
 
 Warwick " Vernon Carol. 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 
 Although never obtaining any considerable foot- 
 hold in the county, Congregationalism has its rank 
 among the early religious organizations, having been 
 established in the Blooming-Grove Church in 1759, 
 but whether as the result of agreement among settlers 
 of different denominations who united in that form, 
 or whether absolutely founded by Congregationalists 
 of the New England type, cannot now, perhaps, be 
 definitely ascertained, although it maintained the 
 former character for many years and proved very sue- 
 
132 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 cessful in minding its own business. Its first house 
 of worship was erected in 1759; that now occu[)ied 
 by the .society was erected in 1823. The t'oHowing 
 are the Congregational Churches in the county : 
 
 BlMoniioK-firove Rev, M'arroii Ilntiiiiway. 
 
 Howi-ITh •• (;. li. Wilkin 
 
 Mi<l(Jk*tn\vti " F. K. Miirvin. 
 
 ASSOCIATE AND ASSOCIATE REFORMED PRESBY- 
 TEIUAN CHURCHES. 
 
 Members of both the Associate and the Associate 
 Reformed Presbyterian Churches were among tlie early 
 immigrants of New Windsor and Wallkill. Perhaps 
 too weak in numbers to maintain societies of their 
 own, tliey attached themselves to the Presbyterian 
 Church of Goodwill, or to Bethlehem. In 1752 the 
 Rev. John Cuthbertson, of the Associate Presbytery 
 of Scotland, was sent to America by that body, and in 
 1753, Revs. Galletly and Arnot, representing the As- 
 sociate Reformed, followed Cuthbertson. Very soon 
 after his arrival Cuthbertson visited the Wallkill 
 country, a-id organized (1753) one of the "praying 
 societies" then in vogue in the church which he rep- 
 resented, and which, in 1795, became the " Reformed 
 Presbyterian Church of Coldenham." At a later 
 period immigrants of the same faith established a 
 " praying society in Newburgh, which, in 181G or '17, 
 became the First Reformed Presbyterian Church of 
 Newburgii," and from its loins sprang the " Second 
 Reformed Presbyterian Church," in 1854. 
 
 It is not of record that either Galletly or Arnot 
 visited the district, although it is possible that one or 
 the other of them may have done so and inaugurated 
 a society of the Associate Reformed Church at Little 
 Britain. Well-ascertained facts, however, seem to 
 indicate that that denomination had its introduction 
 here through the missionary labors of Rev. Robert 
 Annan, who came over from Scotland in 1761, and 
 who, before the expiration of ten years, established 
 preaching stations throughout the Wallkill country 
 from Little Britain to Blooniingburgh. In 1765 so- 
 cieties had been formed at Little Britain and in Wall- 
 kill of sufficient strength to erect houses of worship, 
 and to warrant the calling, in 1767, of Mr. Annan to 
 become their settled pastor, in which relation he was 
 installed Oct. 2, 1772. The informal societies of 1765 
 became the " Associate Reformed Church of Little 
 Britain" and the "Associate Reformed Church of 
 Neelytown." From the latter a colony organized what 
 is known as "Graham's Church" of Crawford, in 
 1809; but after that event it dwindled away, and in 
 1831 what remained of it was incorporated in the 
 Presbyterian Church of Haniptonburgh. Meanwhile 
 a number of the members of the Little Britain Church 
 who had removed to Newburgh took steps to organize 
 a church at the latter place, which was accomplished 
 in 1797, under the title of the " First Associate Re- 
 formed Church of Newburgh," from which a colony 
 organized, in 1837, the " Union Associate Reformed 
 Church." The Little Britain Church and the Union 
 
 Church are now attached to the Old School branch of 
 the Presbyterian Church. Tlie " First Associate Re- 
 formed Church of Newburgh" alone maintains its 
 ancient faith, having refused to accept the union of 
 the A.ssnciate and the Associate Reformed Churches 
 by which the United Presbyterian Church was formed 
 in 1859, or to follow the lead of its associate churches 
 and attach itself to the Old School Presbytery. A 
 number of its dissenting members, however, accepted 
 the Associate and the A.ssociate Reformed union, and 
 organized, in 1859, the " First United Presbyterian 
 Church of Newburgh." 
 
 The following are the churches of these several 
 denominations at the present time: 
 
 Hejormed PresUiflerutti. 
 
 Col.lPiiliam Ilcv. .r W. .SliHW. 
 
 Ki'mIiiukIi (Kirnt) " Sairil. <'<ii li..|e. 
 
 Nuwbiirgli (Seuutid) " J Heiiwicli Tliompson. 
 
 Uniwd Pt'e^i/tfrian. 
 
 Ni.wbiirali (Firel) Rev. .1. O. D Fiiiiliey. 
 
 Graliaui (Crawl'orJ) " Jultii KiKkiuu. 
 
 Amocitte llefitntiei}. 
 Newburgh (First) Kev, .1. Macnaugliton. 
 
 BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 Baptist missionaries were in the county, on both 
 its northern and southern border, as early probably as 
 1740. From 1740 to 1780 the Rev. Mr. Halstead, 
 then pastor of the church at Fishkill, performed mis- 
 sioiuiry labors at difl'erent places in Duchess and 
 Ulster Counties, and in 1782 succeeded in organi- 
 zing a branch of the society in the precinct of New 
 Marlborough, then recently a portion of the precinct 
 of Newburgh. At a regular meeting of this branch 
 church, held on the 24tli of May, 1785, at the house 
 of Reuben Drake (Elder James Phillips pre-siding), 
 a petition was presented by Nathan Ellet and Wil- 
 liam Purdy, on behalf of themselves and others, ask- 
 ing that " the society be constituted a separate church, 
 and that Jonathan Atherton be ordained pastor." 
 The application was granted. The ordination as well 
 as the services constituting the church were held on 
 the 27th of May. The minutes state that Elder 
 Dakens preached the ordination sermon from Timo- 
 thy iv. 8. After prayer by Elder Cole, Ekler Dakens 
 gave the charge to the pastor and to the church. 
 " Elder Phillips gave Bro. Atherton the hand and 
 said, in presence of the whole congregation, that he 
 owned him as an elder; and so Elder Phillips went 
 to prayer. When done they sang a psalm, went out, 
 and now we are left to ourselves." The organization 
 thus formed was called "The Baptist Church of 
 Pleasant Valley." In 1789 a branch church was es- 
 tablished at Latingtown, and another at New Paltz. 
 On the 24th of April, 1790, " a number of members 
 were set off by themselves," and on the 2d of June 
 following were constituted the " Church at New- 
 burgh." In 1806 the society last named erected 
 what was called the " Stone Meeting-house," near 
 Luptoudale, in the town of Newburgh, and estab- 
 
CHUKCHES. 
 
 133 
 
 lished a burial-ground. William Brundage served us 
 its po-stor from 1790 to 1795; Levi Hall, from 1796 to 
 1799; Jetliro Jolinson, from 1796 to 1803; Luke 
 Davis, from 1803 to 1811; William C. Thompson, 
 from 1812 to 1815; and John Ellis, from 1815 to 1817, 
 — in which latter year the society united with the 
 Pleasant Valley Church, under the title of the " Union 
 Cluirch of Pleasant Valley and Newburgh," with al- 
 ternate services, an arrangement which was continued 
 until 1832, wlien the Newburgh branch ceased to 
 exist, leaving as its only visible record at the i)resent 
 time the walls of its meeting-house and the burial- 
 place of its dead. 
 
 The introduction of the denomination at Warwick 
 was through the early settlers who renioved thither 
 from Connecticut, who in 1764 organized what is 
 now known as the Old-School Baptist Church of 
 AVarwick. Several of the members of the society 
 having acquaintance with Rev. James Benedict, of 
 Strattield, Conn., a licentiate of the Baptist Church 
 at that place, he was invited to accept the pastoral 
 charge of the society. He visited Warwick under 
 this invitation in November, 1764, and in March, 
 1765, entered upon the psistorate, continuing in that 
 relation until 1777, when he resigned and removed to 
 Westmoreland, Pa. The church thus founded was 
 the first of any denomination in Warwick, and its 
 services, which were held for some years at private 
 houses, were attended by all the church-going people 
 of the neighborhood. In 1774 a house for public 
 worship was erected on what is now the corner, at the 
 junction of the road leading from the village of War- 
 wick and the road leading from the Welling school- 
 house to Bellvale. In 1809-10 the society inirchased 
 land in the village of Warwick, and erected the edi- 
 fice which it now occupies. Pastor Benedict's suc- 
 cessor was the Rev. Thomas B. Montague, 1788, who 
 was succeeded by Thomas Stevens, who was suc- 
 ceeded by Lebbius Lathrop, and continued in charge 
 until 1819, during which period the church became 
 substantially established in its new location. 
 
 Although at one time comparatively numerous and 
 influential, there are now but three organizations of 
 the Old-Sjhool branch of the Baptist Church in the 
 county, viz. : 
 
 Mi.lilli'tciwii Eliler Gillicrt Tioclio. 
 
 Ki-w V.-inoN (M..lliit Hoi"-) ■' tiilliirt liii'lii.. 
 
 Wiiiwuk " Williuni I'ull.ild. 
 
 The New-School Baptist churches came into the 
 county in 1817, through missionaries appointed by 
 the Hudson River Baptist .Association, who founded 
 . societies at Newburgh in 1821, and Cornwall in 1823. 
 Ol that branch of the denomination there are now six 
 churches, viz. : 
 
 ('nniwiiU Rev. . 
 
 JU.l.llil,.iHi ■• W. K. Wii;;lit. 
 
 NiM\l»iiifrli " Altlilir.luiM'M. 
 
 Oriiiij:f(Uiii.»iivillf) '* .Imf«-|>Ii N.Atlams. 
 
 I'"i-I .Iui\i^ •* Will. McKiiiii(-y. 
 
 Wuruk'k •' D. C. Lilta-fieM. 
 
 METHODISM. 
 The history of the origin of Methodism, and that 
 of its founders, John and Charles Wesley, and their 
 associates, is too well known to require notice in these 
 pages. A brief review of the progress of the society 
 in this country, and of the system which was adopted 
 to carry forward its nussionary labors is, however, 
 perhaps necessary to a proper understanding of the 
 manner in which it was introduced in the county. 
 In 1766 a company of Irish emigrants, of whom 
 Philip Embury was one, organized a society in New 
 York, and in 1768 they erected in that city the first 
 Methodist church in America. About the same time 
 Robert Strawbridge, who was also a native of Ireland, 
 organized a society in Maryland, and built a log 
 meeting-house near Pipe Creek, in that province. 
 Other immigrants from the British Isles, who had 
 settled in Philadelphia, laid the foundations of a so- 
 ciety in that city, which soon rivaled, in point of 
 numbers and active zeal, the one in New York. En- 
 couraged by the progress of the sect in America, Mr. 
 Wesley sent over two additional laborers in 1769, 
 viz. : Richard Boardman and Joseph Pilmore, the 
 former being stationed at New York, and the latter 
 at Philadelphia. In 1771, Francis Asbury and Rich- 
 I ard Wright were added to the work ; and in 1773, 
 Thomas Rankin and George Shadford. Rankin was 
 appointed by Mr. Wesley "General Assistant of the 
 Societies in America," and soon after his arrival he 
 issued a call for " a conference of all the preachers in 
 America," with a view to systematize the work. The 
 meeting was held at Philadelphia, July 4, 1773, and 
 was the first "conference" that ever assembled in this 
 country. The society then embraced eleven hundred 
 and si.xty members, of whom five hundred were in 
 Maryland. 
 
 During the war of the Revolution the society grad- 
 ually decreased in New York and Philadel])hia, but 
 continued to spread rapidly in the Southern States, so 
 that while its total membership at the close of the war 
 was thirteen thou.sand seven hundred and forty, only 
 about eleven hundred were resident north of Phila- 
 delphia. After the peace Wesley suggested to his 
 followers in the United States that they should make 
 an organization independent of the society in Eng- 
 land. This was accordingly done in 1785, and the title 
 of the "Methodist Episcopal Church" wiis adopted 
 to designate the new denomination. Thomas Coke 
 and Pliilip Asbury were appointed bishops, or super- 
 intendents, and the society was divided into districts, 
 over which "elders" were stationed, under whose 
 charge two or more preachers were placed. The 
 ])reachers were then styled " assistants," and the fields 
 in which they labored were called " circuits." The 
 itinerant jirinciple, which is still one of the distinc- 
 tive features of the Methodist Church, was adopted, 
 and the preachers held their "circuits" only for a 
 year. In this way the work was zealously prosecuted, 
 often amid extreme hardships, and the society re- 
 
134 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 gained the ground which it had for a time lost, and 
 won new triumphs in the North as well as the South. 
 
 in 178G, New York and New Jersey were divided 
 into two " elder districts," one of which embraced the 
 East Jersey, Newark, New York City, and Long 
 Island " circuits," and formed the extreme northern 
 limit of the society in the United States at that time. 
 The East Jersey " circuit" bordered on Orange 
 County, and had stationed on it as "assistants" John 
 McClaskey and Ezekiel Cooper. While Mr. Cooper 
 was on this circuit (1786), one of his public .services was 
 attended by Col. David McCamley, who invited him 
 to preach at his residence in the town of Warwick. 
 Mrs. Arthur Smith, a sister of Col. McCamley, was 
 visiting her brother at the time of the service there, 
 and at her solicitation Mr. Cooper accompanied her 
 to her residence in Middlehope, where he held the 
 first Methodist service in the town of Newburgh. 
 The date at which it was held cannot now be ascer- 
 tained, but it was probably in October, 1786. Mr. 
 Cooper, accompanied by Samuel Purdy, also visited 
 at this time John Woolsey, near Milton, and having 
 established here an outpost for missionary labor far 
 beyond the bounds of his circuit, he returned to New 
 Jersey. Six weeks later, John McClaskey and John 
 Cooper passed over the same route, and extended the 
 new circuit to the Paltz, where they held services at 
 the residences of Hendriek Deyo and AndricsDuBois. 
 They also stopped in the village of Newburgh, and 
 preached in the house of Elnathan Foster, where a 
 " class" was soon after formed. In January, Ezekiel 
 Cooper again visited the district, and held service iu 
 the house of Samuel Fowler in Middlehope, which 
 was henceforth a regular preaching station until 1813. 
 From 1813 to 1822 the meetings were held in the 
 summer in a barn owned by Daniel Holmes, and in 
 the winter in Mr. Fowler's house. 
 
 The success which had attended the efforts of Mr. 
 Cooper and his associates led to the organization, in 
 1788, of the Flanders (N. J.) circuit, which embraced 
 this section of country. Of this circuit James O. 
 Cromwell was elder, and his assistants were Jesse 
 Lee, Aaron Hutchinson, and John Lee. It had five 
 hundred and forty-three members. In 1789 it was 
 again divided and the Newburgh circuit established, 
 its preachers being Nathaniel B. Mills and Andrew 
 Harpending; James D. Cromwell, presiding elder. 
 It embraced two hundred and sixty-one of the mem- 
 bership of Flanders circuit, and was divided into the 
 following "classes" or informal societies, viz.: 
 
 John Ellison's, New Windsor. 
 
 Liitt Smith's, near Marlhorough. 
 
 Diivid Ostnuuier'e, PlHttekill. 
 
 David Stepliens', in tlie Clove. 
 
 RlLhanl Gariisun's, in the Clove. 
 
 Sunil. Ketcham'^, near Sugar Loaf. 
 
 Arter's. 
 
 Barton's, 
 
 John McWhorter's. 
 
 Long Pond. 
 
 Siiml. Fowler's, JlidJleliopo. 
 Elnathan Foster's, Newhurgh. 
 Mnnson Waitl's, Fusleitown. 
 George Stanton's, Gardnertown. 
 Daniel lloliiii's', IliJillehupe. 
 Jacob Havtoh's, near Latiugtown. 
 Latingtown, Latiiigtown. 
 Saumel \\.vaU'», Kejlown. 
 Schnltx', Dolsentuwn. 
 Widow Allison's, I'ocbuck. 
 ■Warwick, Warwick. 
 
 These classes continued to be visited by the circuit 
 preachers until they ripened into societies of sufficient 
 strength to support located ministers, or until that 
 end was attained by the union of two or more classes. 
 The following preachers appear on the record in con- 
 nection with what was then known as the Newburgh 
 circuit : 
 
 1790. — Benjamin Abbott, Joseph Lowell, Samuel 
 Martindale. 
 
 1791. — Jethro Johnson, Joshua Taylor. 
 
 1792. — Samuel Fowler, Lawrence McCombs. 
 
 1793. — Lawrence McCombs, Smith Weeks. 
 
 1794. — Samuel Fowler, Moses Crane, William 
 Storm. This year Marbletown circuit was connected 
 with Newburgh, and appointments for preaching made 
 at Woodstock, Hurley, Shokan, Tongue (or Clove), 
 Shandaken, and Beaverkill. 
 
 1795. — Matthias Swain and David Buck. 
 
 1796. — Jacob Egbert and John Finnegan. 
 
 1797. — Samuel Fowler, Thomas Woolsey. 
 
 1798-99.- -Robert Green, William Storms. 
 
 1800.— Samuel Fowler, Elijah Woolsey. 
 
 1801. — Samuel Fowler, Matthias Swain, D. Buck. 
 
 1802. — James Herron, Thomas Stratton. Ulster 
 circuit was taken from Newburgh and reported sepa- 
 rately. 
 
 1803.— Thomas Stratton, Mitchell E. Bull. 
 
 1804. — Robert Dillon, Isaac Candee. Haverstraw 
 was added to the circuit appointments. 
 
 1805. — Zenas Covel, Isaac Candee. Haverstraw 
 withdrawn from the circuit and church organized. 
 Rev. W. Vredenburgh appointed minister. 
 
 1806. — Asa Cummings, William Keith. 
 
 1807. — William Keith, John Crawford. 
 
 1808. — John Robertson, J. Coleman, and William 
 Jewett. The Elnathan Foster class organized as the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of the parish of New- 
 burgh, and steps taken to erect a church edifice, 
 which was first occupied in 1810. Robertson planted 
 Methodism at Florida, 1808. 
 
 1809.— Seth Crowell, John Finnegan. The New- 
 burgh circuit was divided, and New Windsor circuit 
 formed, with Revs. Thomas Woolsey and James Cole- 
 man, preachers ; Andrew Cunningham and Benjamin 
 Westlake, local preachers ; Henry Still, James Ben- 
 jamin, Thomas Collard, and Jonathan Stevens, ex- 
 horters. The circuit embraced the following classes : 
 
 Clmses. Leaders. 
 
 New Windsor (John Ellison) 
 
 Sugar Loaf (Samuel Ketchani) Henry Wisner. 
 
 Smith's Clove Jacob Fredt^rick. 
 
 Lower Clove Francis Wygaut. 
 
 Oxford Zophar Ketcliam. 
 
 Warwick Cornelius Jones. 
 
 Aniitv James Benjamin. 
 
 Butter Hill Daniel Wood. 
 
 Ketchamtown (now Mountaiuville'*)... 
 
 * Ketchamtown was settled about the time of the Revolution, by the 
 grandfather of Becijaniin Ketchani, who erected what were long known 
 afi Ketcham's mills. John Orr bought and rebuilt the mills, and when 
 the Shortcut Railroad was opened, secured a station, to which he gave 
 the name of Mountainville. It will be seen that the society there is one 
 of the oldest in the county. 
 
CHUKCHES. 
 
 135 
 
 Clusses. Lenders. 
 
 Pochuck (Widow Allison) I Hr,';few''Low„.berry. 
 
 ''-loundla.d jS^soSn,. 
 
 Deprpark Beuj:iinin Brown. 
 
 New Sliawangnnk (Bethel) Thonia-i Cullard. 
 
 Harnlnirgh Natiian Benjamin. 
 
 Bell vale James Cunningham. 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Cornwall 
 
 The New Windsor class was supplied with a room 
 over tlie store of John Ellison, at Vail's Gate, in 
 1791, which was a regular preaching station until 
 1807, when the old New Windsor church was erected, 
 and the society organized as the Union Methodist 
 Episcopal Church of New Windsor. This was the 
 first regular Methodist Episcopal Church edifice in the 
 county, if not the first on the west side of the Hudson. 
 
 In 1819 the Sullivan circuit was formed from the 
 Newburgh and New Windsor circuits, Revs. Horace 
 Weston and James (.Juinlan, preachers in charge. 
 
 In 1820, Newburgh village was taken from the New- 
 burgh circuit, and Eev. Samuel Fowler appointed 
 minister. Arnold Schofield and Josiah Bowen, 
 preachers on the circuit. 
 
 In 1823 the Newburgh circuit was divided, and 
 Bloomingburgh circuit formed, embracing the preach- 
 ing stations on the east side of the mountain, viz.: 
 Bethel, Bloomingburgh, Middletown, Mount Johnson 
 (now Crawford), Montgomery, Walden, Burlingham, 
 Sam's Point, and Walker Valley. 
 
 In 182.5, New Paltz circuit was taken from the 
 Newburgh circuit. The class at Bellvale, on the 
 New Windsor circuit, was broken up, and the appoint- 
 ment discontinued until 183.3. 
 
 In 1837, New Windsor circuit was divided, and 
 Sugar Loaf circuit formed, embracing Sugar Loaf, 
 Florida, Edenville, Bellvale, Chester, Monroe, Ox- 
 ford, Satterlytown, Washingtonville, Blagg's Clove, 
 Highland Mills, Little Long Pond, and Dutch Hol- 
 low (Greenwood Lake), Revs. Seymour Landon and 
 William Miller, circuit preachers, and Rev. Phineas 
 Rice, presiding elder. 
 
 Although Methodism had its introduction in War- 
 wick, it was not until 1839 that a regular appointment 
 wa-s made for Methodist preaching in the village of 
 Warwick. From a Methodist stand-point the people of 
 that village were thoroughly " joined to their idols," 
 — i.e., Baptists and Presbyterian-Reformed- Dutch. Its 
 firmest foothold wa.s gained in Newburgh and New 
 Windsor, where many came to its ranks who had 
 been connected with the Church of England, and 
 who were then practically without church connection. 
 This was especially true of John Ellison, who liber- 
 ally encouraged the circuit preachers. In Newburgh, 
 on the contrary, the most socially prominent defender 
 of the new faith was EInathan Foster, a former Pres- 
 byterian. Perhaps, however, the itinerant ministers 
 would have been equally succe.ssful without these ad- 
 ventitious aids. They were earnest, strong men, and 
 sustained their faith under the most annoying perse- 
 cutions and the most trying ostracisms. 
 
 It is due to the denomination to say that the census 
 of 1875 awards to it forty-four churches in the county. 
 The number, however, evidently embraces circuit 
 stations, which do not appear in the minutes of Con- 
 ference, and also perhaps colored churches and all 
 others claiming the name of Methodists, but which 
 are not attached to the regular church organization. 
 The following list is from Conference minutes : 
 
 Crawford Bnllville. 
 
 St. Paul's Middletown. 
 
 Ridgebnry Wawayanda. 
 
 Trinity Newlairgh City. 
 
 St. John's " " 
 
 Grace •' '* 
 
 Gardnertown Newburgh town. 
 
 Rossville " " 
 
 Fostertown " " 
 
 North Newburgh (Asbury Chapel). " " 
 
 Walden Walden. 
 
 Slontgomery Montgomery. 
 
 Goslien Goshen. 
 
 Chester Chester. 
 
 Sugar Loaf Sugar Loaf (Chester). 
 
 Florida Fl.nida (Warwick). 
 
 Warwick .Warwick Village. 
 
 EdenTJlle Edenville (Warwick). 
 
 New Milford New Milford (Warwick). 
 
 Bellvale Bellvale (Warwick). 
 
 Monroe Monroe. 
 
 Washingtonville Mashingtonville. 
 
 Salisbury Mills Salisburv Mills. 
 
 Highland Mills Highland Mills (Monroe). 
 
 New Windsor Vail's Gate. 
 
 Cornw.all Oanterbnry (Cornwall). 
 
 Highland ville Cornwall. 
 
 Fort Montgomery Highlands. 
 
 West Point " 
 
 Little Britain New Windsor. 
 
 Drew Port Jei-vis. 
 
 Otisville Mount Hope. 
 
 Colored Methodists. 
 
 African Methodist Episcopal (Zion) Newl-urgh. 
 
 " " Middletown. 
 
 " " (Bethel) 
 
 " " Port Jerris. 
 
 " " Goslien. 
 
 Separate Methodists Goshen. 
 
 In connection with this denomination, the following 
 facts have been furnished by Rev. J. P. Hermance, 
 P. E., in reference to the Newburgh District, which 
 had its beginning in the Newburgh circuit. 
 
 In 1789, Newburgh first appears in the minutes of 
 the Conference. By a division of Flanders circuit, 
 Newburgh circuit was formed, extending from Platte- 
 kill and Marlborough on the north to Warwick on 
 the south. (See list of " Classes," already given.) In 
 
 1791, Newburgh stands first on the list of circuits, and 
 is followed by Wyoming, New York, New Rochelle, 
 and Long Island, which compose the district. In 
 
 1792, Wyoming, Tioga, Newburgh, Flanders, Eliza- 
 bethtown, and Staten Island circuits composed the 
 district. 1794, Herkimer, Otsego, Delaware, Saratoga, 
 and Albany circuits were added to the district. 1795, 
 the district included Cambridge, Herkimer, Otsego, 
 Delaware, Saratoga, Albany, Newburgh, and Flan- 
 ders circuits. 179(i, Salem, Bethel, Burlington, Tren- 
 ton, Freehold, Elizabethtown, Flanders, Newburgh, 
 Delaware, Herkimer, and Albany circuits con.stituted 
 the district. 1798, Albany, Herkimer, and Delaware 
 circuits were taken out of the district. In 1801 the 
 district, which had previously been known as the East 
 Jersey District, received the name of the " New Jer- 
 sey District." In 1802 the work was put into " Con- 
 ferences," the Newburgh and Ulster circuits forming 
 
136 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 part of the New Jeiaey District of the Philadelphia 
 Conference. A rearriingcmcnt was made in 1803, by 
 which the Albany District was formed, embracing the 
 Newl)urgli, Ulster, Delaware. All)any, Albany City, 
 and Saratoga circuits. In 1804 the district was taken 
 from the Pliiladel|)hia and placed in the New York 
 Conference. It then embraced the Black River, 
 Western, Herkimer, Saratoga, Montgomery, Albany, 
 Delaware, Ulster, Newburgh, and Albany City cir- 
 cuits. In 180.3, Havcrstraw was added. In 1808 the 
 district was cut down to the Albany City, Albany, 
 Sclienectady, Montgomery, Delaware, Ulster, New- 
 burgh, and Haverstraw circuits. In 1810 the name 
 was changed to the Hudson River District, and re- 
 mained under that title until 1832, when it was di- 
 vided, the southern portion receiving tlie name of the 
 Newburgh District, embracing tlic following charges 
 and circuits: Catskill, Saugerties, Kingston, Marble- 
 town, Sullivan, Montgomery, Ilossville, Gardncrtown, 
 New Windsor, New Paltz, and West Point. The 
 various stations, which had previously been i)reach- 
 ing-iihv'es in connection with contiguous charges, ap- 
 pear in the published minutes at dates as follows: 
 New' Windsor, 1809; Kingston, 1822; Bloomingburgb, 
 and name changed to Montgomery, 1824 ; New Paltz, 
 1831; Catskill and Saugerties, 183.'; Ilossville and 
 Gardnertown, 1832; Roudout, 183G; Sugar Loaf, 
 1837; North Newburgh, 1838; Milton and Marlbor- 
 ough, 1840; Monroe, 184-'); Goshen and Soutlifield 
 Mission, 1847; Esopiis, 1848; New Paltz Landing 
 and New Paltz, 1850; Newburgh Second Ciuirch, 
 1852; West Newburgh and Eddyville, 1853 ; Chester, 
 18.54; Kingston Second Church, 1856; Milton, 1858; 
 Glasco, 1859; Cornwall and Little Britain, 1863; 
 Warwick, Belhale, Highland Mills, and Walden, 
 1866; Washingtoiivillc, 1867; Florida, 1868; Salis- 
 bury Mills, 1869; West Newburgh, 1870; Port Ewen, 
 1873; Galeville, 1874. The district e-Ktends north- 
 ward as far as Saugerties, southward to New Milford, 
 westward to Goshen and along the \Vallkill Valley, 
 northerly and easterly to Hudson's River. While cov- 
 ering a considerable portion of Ulster, it fails to em- 
 brace the entire county of Orange, and the following 
 statistics must of course be received in connection 
 with this fact, viz. : It has 36 charges ; 52 churches, 
 valued at $364,400; 30 parsonages, valued at S68,100; 
 7845 members; .57 Sabbath-schools, with a roll of 6268 
 scholars and 925 teachers. The following is a list of 
 the |)residing elders of the district from 1787: 
 
 1787, Thomas Foster; 1788-89, James O. Cromwell ; 
 1790, Thomas Morrell ; 1791-92, Robert Cloud ; 1793, 
 Jacob Brush ; 1794-95, Tbos. Ware; 1796-98, John Mc- 
 Claskcy; 1799, Freeborn Garrettson ; 1800-2, Solomon 
 Sharp; 1803-6, Elijah Woolsey ; 1807-9-11, Henry 
 Stead; 1811-14, D.iniel Ostrandcr; 181.5-18, P. li. 
 Sanford; 1819-22, Eben Smith; 1823-26, Daniel Os- 
 trander; 1827-30, Phineas Rice; 1831, M. Richardson; 
 1832, William Jewett; 18,3.3-34, M. Richardson; 1835 
 -38, Phineas Rice; 1839, William Jewett; 1840-42, 
 
 Daniel Ostrander; 1843-46, M. Richardson ; 1847-50, 
 William .lewett ; 1851, Stephen Martindale; 1852-54, 
 A. M. Osbon; 185.5-58, L. M. Vincent; 1859-61, 
 Phineas Rice; 1862-65, William H. Ferris; 1866-68, 
 A. M. Osbon; 1869-72, Joseph B. Wakeley ; 1873-76, 
 J. Y. Bates; 1877-80, John P. Hermance. 
 
 RO.MAN CATIIOMCS. 
 The history of the efforts for the introduction of 
 Catholicism in this State during the colonial era pos- 
 sesses a deep interest, embracing as it does the inci- 
 dents of the French and Indian wars, which were 
 waged from 1687 until the terminjition of F"rench 
 rule in Canada. The work was commenced in 1608, 
 and was attended with considerable success among 
 the more northern Indian tribes. The effort for the 
 conversion of the Si.x Nations, however, met with 
 very little encouragement until alter the accession of 
 James II. to the throne of England, who instructed 
 the governors of the province to extend to the French 
 missionaries every facility for the prosecution of the 
 enterprise. The privileges thus granted were soon 
 em|)loyed by the French to secure the ascendancy of 
 their own national interest among the Iroquois, and 
 compelled even James himself to materially modify 
 the zeal which he had manifested for the projiagation 
 of the faith which he professed. The accession of 
 William and Mary was followed by an entire change 
 in the policy of the English government. So great 
 had been the inroads upon the trade of the English 
 with the Indians, and so palpable the influence of the 
 French priests in that direction, — so materially had 
 the alliance between the English and the Iroquois 
 been weakened, and so essential was the continuance 
 of that alliance to England, — that even the toleration 
 of Catholicism was forbidden, not through any feel- 
 ing of hostility to that form of religion in itself con- 
 siilered, but from political reasons. The most severe 
 repressive measures were adopted; every Catholic 
 priest coming voluntarily into the province was pun- 
 ishable with death. This law remained in force until 
 after the commencement of the war of the Revolu- 
 tion, when it was so far relaxed, by the terms of the 
 first constitution of the State, as to permit freedom of 
 opinion to all who should subscribe the oath of alle- 
 giance. The appeal which was made to Ireland for 
 aid in the war, and the subsequent assistance of Cath- 
 olic France, materially affected the prejudices of the 
 jieople, and made it possible to engraft upon the 
 Federal Constitution of 1787 the full and complete 
 equality of all religion? fiiiths. Although the door 
 was thus thrown open. Catholic authorities made 
 little effort to propagate their faith until alter the 
 Irish rebellion of 1798, which sent many Catholic 
 emigrants to America. In 1808, Pope Pius VII. 
 erected Baltimore into an archie|)iscopal see, with 
 four suffragan sees, of which New York was one.* 
 
 * The first iiricxt «tutioinMl in New Ytirk i It.v whs Ilev. Chat Ii.h Wluilen, 
 
 II Iiiali Fnuic 8CIIII, who hud been eliuiilitin in the Krencli tieet niidur 
 
RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 
 
 137 
 
 The first bishop of New York, Rev. Luke Concanen, 
 (lied soon after his consecration, and before lie entered 
 upon his duties. His successor, Rev. John Conelly, 
 was consecrated in 1814, and among his first work 
 was that of establishing missions along Hudson's 
 River, ostensibly "to prevent the children of Catho- 
 lics conforming to the persuasions of their neigh- 
 bors." In his diary occurs the following: "Jan. 
 2',ith, 1818. — I answered the Rev. Arthur Langdill's 
 three letters and sent him said Indult, and addressed 
 the letter to the care of Mr. Mclntyre, New Burg." 
 Rev. Langdill and Rev. Dr. Ffrench (the latter in 
 1817 and the former in 1818) were the first Catholic 
 missionaries in Orange County, and at Newburgh, in 
 1826, St. Patrick's Church, the first Catholic church 
 in the county, was organized. There are now fifteen 
 churches and missions in the county, viz. : 
 
 St. Paul's, Bullville, attended from Montgomery. 
 
 St. Thomas', Cornwall, Rev. Stephen Mackin, Rev. James Kelly. 
 
 ■ , Goshen, Kev. John Keufran, Rev. S. J. Byrnes. 
 
 St. JIal"y'H, Greenwood, attended from SufTerns. 
 
 Sacred Heart, HiKhland Fall.-, Rev. Terranee J. Early. 
 
 St. .losejih's, UliddletoH ti, Rev. Peter Prendergast, Rev. John Clancy. 
 
 , Uliddlehojip, attende<l fri>ni Milton. 
 
 Holy Name of Mary, Montj^onieiy, Rev. Patrick Brady. 
 
 , Monroe, attended from Goshen. 
 
 St. Patrick's, Newhurgli. Rev, Joseph F. Mooney, Rev. Hugh McCabo. 
 St. Mary's, Newhurgh, Rev. Michael Phelan, Rev. M. Lane. 
 Holy Name of Jesus, Otisville, attentled from Middletown. 
 Immaculate Conception, P.nt .lei vis, Rev. E. .1. Flynu, Rev. Michael 
 
 Sally. 
 St. Stephen's, Warwick, attended from Goshen, 
 
 , Washingtonville, attended from ('ornwall. 
 
 , West Point, attended from Highland Falls. 
 
 . , New Windsor, attended from Newhurgh. 
 
 The academy of Our Lady of Mercy is located at 
 Balniville, in Newhurgh, and St. Patrick's parochial 
 school is connected with St. Patrick's Church in the 
 city of Newhurgh. 
 
 FRIENDS. 
 Though not among the earliest of the sects in the 
 county, members of the Society of Friends, " or the 
 people called Quakers," have an early and honorable 
 record in its annals. A considerable colony .located 
 in the old precinct of Cornwall prior to the Revolu- 
 tion, and soon after its close we find them in the 
 northwestern part of the town of Newhurgh, and in 
 the adjoining towns of Plattekill and Marlborough, 
 in Ulster, both of which towns were originally cov- 
 ered by the precinct of Newhurgh. From the pre- 
 cinct of Cornwall we have the towns of Cornwall and 
 Monroe, and in the former are two meeting-houses, 
 and in the latter one. The Friends of Newhurgh 
 unite with their brethren of Pleasant Valley in a 
 meeting-house at the latter place. The original 
 meeting-house in Cornwall was erected about 1790. 
 The grounds on which it stands were deeded in 1789, 
 by Langford Thorn, to Joseph Thorn, Nicholas Town- 
 
 Admiral De Grasse. After the war he settled in this country. His 
 brother, Dr. Joseph Whalen, purchased lot No. 1 1 of the Schuyler Patent 
 in Montgomery, April 1, 1788. He was the father of the late Joseph V. 
 Whalen, of Montgomery. 
 
 10 
 
 send, and William Titus, in trust for the " Cornwall 
 Monthly Meeting." David Sands, a noted preacher 
 of the sect, may be said to have been the founder of 
 the society here. A division of the sect in 1827 
 resulted in the " Hicksite" and the " Orthodox" 
 branches, the former retaining the old building, and 
 the latter erecting a meeting-house of their own in 
 1828 or 1829. 
 
 RELIGIONS SOCIETIES. 
 
 The religious and benevolent societies of the sev- 
 eral towns of the county have not been few in num- 
 ber, nor without influence. It is believed that the 
 county is older in the introduction of Sabbath-schools 
 and Bible societies than its contemporaries. The first 
 in the field was the Orange County Bible Society, 
 which was organized in Goodwill Church on the 11th 
 of June, 1811, over four years prior to the organiza- 
 tion of the American Bible Society. At its first pub- 
 lic meeting a constitution was adopted, and the 
 following officers appointed, viz. : Rev. Andrew King, 
 president; Rev. Moses Frceligh, first vice-president; 
 Rev. Mathusaleh Baldwin, second vice-president ; 
 Rev. John Johnston, secretary ; Rev. Arthur I. Stans- 
 bury, clerk ; Dr. Charles Fowler, treasurer, and nine- 
 teen other managers. As first constituted it was a 
 Bible and Tract Society, but in 181G, when the Amer- 
 ican Bible Society was formed, it became auxiliary to 
 it, ceased its tract operations, and assumed the name 
 of the Orange County Bible Society. 
 
 Previous to the year 1835 the amount of money 
 collected and expended by the society in its opera- 
 tions cannot be stated with any degree of accuracy. 
 In the report of 1832 it is stated that the amount col- 
 lected up to June of that year, from 1816, was $3902, 
 making an average for each year of 1240, which had 
 been paid over to parent society in remittances for 
 Bibles, or in donations. The amount collected up to 
 June, 1847, including the amount already given, was 
 $16,690.73. 
 
 A complete list of the officers of the society is not 
 contained in its record book, and hence we cannot 
 give the names of the successors of Dr. King and his 
 associate founders. Traditionally stated, the presi- 
 dency was held by Rev. Dr. King, Rev. Mathusaleh 
 Baldwin, Johannes Miller, Hezekiah Howell, Moses 
 Crawford, and William Phillips, prior to 1834, since 
 which time the officers have been as follows : 
 
 1834. — Gen. James W. Wilkin, president; Hon. 
 Nathan H. White, first vice-president ; Capt. Andrew 
 Wilson, second vice-president ; Robert Denniston, 
 corresponding secretary; John Wilson, recording sec- 
 retary ; Gen. Charles Borland, Jr., treasurer. 
 
 1835-36. — Andrew Wilson, president; Samuel 
 Millsjjaugh, first vice-pii'sidcnt ; Jonathan Bailey, 
 second vice-president; Daniel T. Wood, recording 
 secretary ; Peter A. Millspaugh, trea.<urer ; Robert 
 Denniston, corresponding secretary. 
 
 1837. — Jonathan Bailey, president ; John B. Hor- 
 
138 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ton, first vice-president; Nathaniel Brewster, second 
 vice-president ; Robert Deuniston, corresponding sec- 
 retary ; Rev. M. N. McLaren, recording secretar)' ; 
 Dr. P. A. Millspaugli, treasurer. 
 
 1838-39.— David Hanford, M.D., president ; Charles 
 Fowler, M.D., first vice-president; James Little, sec- 
 ond vice-president ; Robert Denniston, corresponding 
 secretary ; Rev. M. N. McLaren, recording secretary ; 
 P. A. Millspaugh, M.D., treasurer. 
 
 1841. — Charles Fowler, president; James Little, 
 first vice-president ; (Jeorge Phillips, second vice- 
 president; James D. Bull, corresponding secretary; 
 Rev. Isaac C. Beach, recording secretary ; P. A. Mills- 
 paugli, treasurer. 
 
 1842. — Theo. L. Jackson, recording secretary; no 
 other change. 
 
 1843. — Joseph B. Howell, second vice-president; 
 no other change. 
 
 1844. — Andrew Wilson, president; Joseph B. How- 
 ell, first vice-president; Jesse Bull, second vice-presi- 
 dent; Theo. L. Jackson, recording secretary; James 
 D. Bull, corresponding secretary ; P. A. Millspaugh, 
 treasurer. 
 
 184.5. — Samuel Wait, first vice-president; no other 
 change. 
 
 1846—17. — James Wood, president ; Jesse Bull, first 
 vice-president ; William Houston, second vice-presi- 
 dent; James D. Bull, corresponding secretary; Theo. 
 L. Jackson, recording secretary ; P. A. Millspaugh, 
 treasurer. 
 
 1848-4!1. — Robert Denniston, president ; William 
 Houston, first vice-president; Moses Sawyer, second 
 vice-president; James D. Bull, corresponding secre- 
 tary ; Theo. L. Jackson, recording secretary ; P. A. 
 Millspaugh, treasurer. 
 
 18r)0. — Rev. W. D. Snodgrass, corresponding secre- 
 tary ; no other change. 
 
 1851. — Jolin S. Crane, JI.D., treasurer; no other 
 change. 
 
 1852. — H. M. Hopkins, second vice-president ; no 
 other change. 
 
 1853-54. — Alexander Thompson, president; Na- 
 thaniel Webb, first vice-president ; Jesse C. Stewart, 
 second vice-president ; Theo. L. Jackson, recording 
 secretary; Rev. W. D. Snodgrass, corresponding sec- 
 retary ; John S. Crane, treasurer. 
 
 1856-56. — Robert Denniston, president; Andrew 
 Wilson, first vice-president; Jesse C. Stewart, second 
 vice-president; Rev. W. D. Snodgrass, corresponding 
 secretary; Theo. L. Jackson, recording secretary; 
 John S. Crune, treasurer. 
 
 1858-65. — William S. Webb, president; Samuel J. 
 Wilkin, first vice-president ; Charles W. Reevs, second 
 vice-president; Rev. S. W. Mills, corresponding sec- 
 retary ; Theo. L. Jackson, recording secretary ; John 
 S. Crane, treasurer. 
 
 1866-67.— William S. Webb, president; Rolsert 
 Denniston, first vice-president ; Hugh B. Bull, second 
 vice-president ; Rev. S. W. Mills, corresponding sec- 
 
 retary ; Theo. L. Jackson, recording secretary ; John 
 
 ■ S. Crane, treasurer. 
 
 1868-69.— Hugh B. Bull, president; A. H. Sinsa- 
 
 1 baugh, first vice-president; William Evans, second 
 vice-president; Rev. S. W. Mills, corresponding sec- 
 retary ; Theo. L. Jackson, recording secretary ; John 
 S. Crane, treasurer. 
 
 1870. — Augustus F. Schofield, president; William 
 J. Groo, first vice-president; Selah R. Corwin, second 
 
 I vice-president ; Rev. S. W. Mills, corresponding sec- 
 retary ; Rev. R. Howard Wallace, recording secre- 
 tary ; David Redfield, treasurer. 
 
 1871-72.— Rev. W. D. Snodgrass, i)resident; A. H. 
 Sinsaljaugh, first vice-president ; William Evans, 
 second vice-president ; Rev. 8. W. Mills, correspond- 
 ing secretary ; Rev. R. Howard Wallace, recording- 
 secretary ; David Redfield, treasurer. 
 
 1873-76.— Rev. W. D. Snodgrass, president ; Wil- 
 liam J. (iroo, first vice-president ; Selah R. Corwin, 
 second vice-))resident; Rev. R. H.Wallace, recording 
 secretary ; Rev. S. W. Mills, corresponding secretary ; 
 David Redfield, treasurer. 
 
 1879.— Rev. W. D. Snodgrass, president; John L. 
 Servin, first vice-president ; Selah R. Corwin, second 
 vice-president ; Rev. S. W. Mills, corresponding sec- 
 retary ; Rev. R. Howard Wallace, recording secre- 
 tary ; David Redfield, treasui-ei'. 
 
 The Newburgh Bible Society was organized Sejit. 
 9, 1818, when a constitution was adopted and the fol- 
 lowing officers elected, viz. : Jonas Storey, president ; 
 Isaac Belknap and Joseph Clark, vice-presidents ; 
 Rev. Jolin Johnston, corresponding secretary; Charles 
 Miller, recording secretary ; Benjamin F. Lewis, 
 treasurer. The society still has an active existence. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association of New- 
 burgh was the first society of this class. It was or- 
 ganized Sejjt. 15, 1858, — Arthur Potts, president. The 
 present association is its successor. The Young Men's 
 Christian Association at Goshen was organized in 
 1866. Present officers: C. E. Millspaugh, president; 
 J. H. Staats, corresponding secretary. The Young 
 Men's Christian Association at Warwick was organ- 
 ized in 1869. Present officers: Edwin S. Colwell, 
 president ; George A. Sanfoi'd, corresponding secre- 
 tary. 
 
 Religious societies more directly connected with 
 some one of the several churclies will lie noticed in 
 
 the town where located. 
 
 BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 The Newburgh Home for the Friendless was organ- 
 ized in the autumn of 1861, under the title of the 
 Newburgh Union Female Guardian Society. In 18()2 
 it was incorporated by a special act of the Legisla- 
 ture. 
 
 St. Luke's Home and Hospital, of Newburgh and 
 New Windsor, is also an incorporated institution. 
 It was organized Nov. 4, 1874, by ladies connected 
 with the several churches. While the Home for tlie 
 
 J 
 
BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 139 
 
 Friendless cares for " friendless or destitute girls under 
 fourteen and over three years of age, and boys under 
 ten and over three, until permanent liomes can be 
 secured for them," 8t. Luke's provides" a home for 
 the aged and the infirm, and a hospital for thesick." 
 Both are creditably managed, and both, with similar 
 institutions elsewhere, are silently but effectually ed- 
 ucating the public to more humanitarian views in 
 making jirovision for the support of those who may 
 be objects of public charity. 
 
 Without entering into details of the many benevo- : 
 lent societies in the county at the present time, we 1 
 notice briefly the Masonic and Odd-Fellows' lodges. 
 
 Authoritative Masonry in the >State of New York 
 dates back to the appointment of Daniel Cox, of New 
 Jersey, Provincial Grand Master of the Provinces of 
 New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, June 5, 
 1730. Lodges were constituted in New York City 
 and in other parts of the province under this author- 
 ity, and worked under the English ritual until 1776, 
 when, by the outbreak of the Revolution, a new order 
 of things came into existence. One of the results of 
 the p'eriod was the organization of what were known 
 as military lodges on the part of officers and others 
 connected with the American army. The first of 
 these, American Union Lodge, was warranted by 
 Richard Oridlej', Esq., (Irand Master of Masons of 
 Massachusetts, Feb. 18, 177(), with autliority to hold 
 a lodge in the American army, then located at Rox- 
 bury, Mass. Soon after receiving their warrant the 
 portion of the army with which the members of the 
 lodge were connected removed to New York, where, 
 by permission of the Deputy Grand Master of the 
 province, they assembled and petitioned the said Dep- 
 uty Grand Master to confirm the warrant given them 
 by the Grand Master of Massachusetts. Their peti- 
 tion was not complied with, but a new warrant was 
 granted them under the name of Military ITnion 
 Lodge, No. 1. " This lodge was located," says John G. 
 Barker, in his "Early History of Masonry," "on the 
 Hud.son River, near West Point, during the summer 
 of 1779, and at Newburgh from 1781 to 1783. The 
 roll of the lodge is headed ' Members of Military 
 Union and American Union Lodge.' " 
 
 From Hayden's " Washington and his Masonic 
 Compeers" we take the following : 
 
 " Many Militao' Lodges existetl in tlie unny at this periuil, but the 
 recorils of most of tlieni are lost. So well established had these camp 
 lodges become, and so beneficial to the brethren, that, in providing tlie 
 necessary conveniences for the truojis in their quiirtei-s on the Undson at 
 this time, an jissembly-rooni or hall was built, one of the purposes of 
 which was to serve as a lodge-room for Military Lodges. It was a rude 
 wooden structure, forming an oblong square, foi-ty or sixty feet, was one 
 story in height, and had but a single door. Its windows wore square, 
 unglazed oi)ening8, elevated so high as to jirevent the prying gaze of the 
 cowans. Its timbers were hewed, squared, and numbered for their places, 
 and when the building wjis tiuished it was joyously dedicated. . . . 
 American Union Lodge met in this room on the 24th of June, 1782, 
 preparatory to celebrating the festival of St. John tlie Baptist, and pro- 
 ceeded from thence to West Point, where they were joined by Washing- 
 ton Lodge, when a procession was formed at the house of Gen. Pattevson, 
 its first Master, and both lodges proceeded from thence tothe'Colon- 
 
 nade,' where a dinner was provided and an oration delivered by Col. 
 John Brooks, Mastei- of Washington Lodge, and afterwards Governor of 
 Massachusetts. American Union Lodge then returned to their room and 
 closed in good time."* 
 
 The jiresent Grand Lodge dates from Sept. 19, 1783. 
 It was some years before its authority was fully es- 
 tablished. Some of the old provincial lodges re- 
 tained their charters, and, in addition to this, the 
 military lodges had organized (1781) a Grand Lodge 
 of their own. About five years after the regular 
 Grand Lodge was organized (June 4, 1788), a lodge 
 was warranted by it at Newburgh, under the title and 
 number of Steuben Lodge, No. 18, and other lodges 
 in the county soon followed. From records in the 
 Grand Lodge and from new.spaper files and other 
 sources the following list has been compiled, which 
 may or may not embrace all the lodges organized in 
 the county jwior to 1826 : 
 
 Steuben Lodije, No. 18. — Warrant granted June 4, 
 1788; constituted at Newburgh, Sej)!. 27, 178s. Its 
 charter was applied for by F. A. Morris and nine 
 others. Its first officers were Ebenezer Foote, W. M. ; 
 Francis Anderson Morris, S. W. ; Peter Nestell, J. W. 
 Charles Clinton and Derick Amerman were its first 
 adjoining members. Ebenezer Foote, Levi Dodge, 
 and Charles Clinton were P. M.'s in 1797. The lodge 
 was in quite a flourishing condition for a few years, 
 but after 1792 it seldom held a meeting. The last 
 mention made of it in the minutes of the Grand 
 Lodge is 1800, but it seems to have had a nominal 
 existence in 1806, as it is referred to in the petition 
 for Hiram Lodge, in which it is said that the lodge 
 had not had a meeting in the i)ast five years. Its 
 charter and minute-book are now in the archives of 
 the Grand Lodge. Gen. Baron Steuben was an hon- 
 orary member. 
 
 ;S'i!. John's Lodge, No. 21. — Constituted at Warwick, 
 March 26, 1790. The following were its officers (date 
 not given) : John Smith, W. M. ; Wm. Holly, S. W. ; 
 Abm. Dolsen, J. W. ; E. DuBois, Sec. ; Abni. Ge- 
 nung, Treas. 
 
 Orange Lodge, No. 4-5. — Warranted April 12, 179t>, 
 t with the consent of St. John's Lodge, No. 21. Con- 
 stituted at Goshen by John Smith, P. M. of St. John's, 
 and Eben. Foote, P. M. of Steuben. Wm. Thompson, 
 W. M. ; Seth Marvin, S. W. ; Anthony Dobbin,. 
 J. W. 
 
 Montgomcrji Lodge, No. 71. — This lodge was con- 
 stituted at Montgomery, June 6, 1798, by G. M. De 
 Witt Clinton, assisted by P. M.'s Levi Dodge and 
 Chas. Clinton, of Steuben Lodge. John Smith, W. 
 M. ; Jas. Fitzgerald, S. W. ; Ebenezer Howe, J. W. 
 Warrant surrendered prior to June, 1818. 
 
 St. James' Jjodgc, No. 65. — Constituted at MiiUlle- 
 town, Jan. 6, 1798. Warrant surrendered prior to 
 I June, 1818. 
 
 * The building referred to was long known as " The Temple." It was 
 situated on the cam])ing-ground in New Windsor, and is more particu- 
 larly referred to in the history of that town. 
 
140 
 
 IIISTOIIY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Olive Branch Lodf/e, No. 102. — Constituted at Min- 
 isiiik, JuDe9, 1808.* 
 
 Hiram Lodge, No. 131. — Constituted at Newburgli, 
 Fell. 19, 1806. Jonathan Fisk, W. M.; Chas. Baker, 
 S. W. ; John E. Drake, J. ^V. ; P. McKenna, Sec. 
 This lodge was the successor of Steuben Lodge, No. 
 IS. Its history was sj)ecia!ly marked by its participa- 
 tiiin in the reception of Lafayette at Newburgh, in 
 1824. Its charter was surrendered Dec. 10, 1834. 
 Revived in 1842 as No. 92. Peter F. Hunn, W. M. ; 
 Minard Harris, S. W. ; James Belknap, J. AV. ; D. 
 "\V. (iridley, Sec. Charter surrendered in 184.'). 
 
 Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 189.— Chartered at Wall- 
 kill, Dec. 6, 1809. Asked remi.ssion of dues to Grand 
 Lodge in consideration of having built a commodious 
 lodge-room. Petition refused, Dec. 2, 1812. 
 
 Lawrence I^odge, No. 230. — Chartered at Ward's 
 Bridge, Montgomery, May 16, 1814. Oflicers installed 
 by W. M. J. B. Reynolds, of Hiram Lodge, of New- 
 burgh. 
 
 Washington Lodge, No. 220. — Blooming-Grove, June 
 10, 1813. Officers installed by W. M. J. B. Reynolds, 
 of Hiram Lodge. 
 
 Corner-Stone Lodge, No. 231. — Chartered at Mon- 
 roe, May 26, 1814. 
 
 Jerusalem Temple Lodge, No. 247. — ^Charter granted 
 Sept. 9, 1815. Constituted at Cornwall, October 5th, 
 by James B. Reynolds, W. M. of Hiram Lodge, at 
 the house of Ebenezer Crissey. Warrant officers : 
 Wyatt Carr, W. M. ; Abraham Mead, S. W. ; South- 
 erland Moore, J. W. December 23d the following 
 officers were chosen : Wyatt Carr, W. M. ; Abraham 
 Mead, S. W. ; Southerland Moore, J. W. ; Nathaniel 
 Clark, Treas. ; Samuel H. Purdy, Sec. ; William Wil- 
 liams, S. D. ; Stephen Coleman, J. D. ; Obadiah 
 Smith, Jr., Sr. M. C. ; Isaac B. Titus, Jr. M. C. ; Lewis 
 Patterson aud John Arnold, Stewards; and Hugh 
 Gregg, Tyler. William A. Clark succeeded Wyatt 
 Carr in 1820. Mr. Clark was followed by Jonathan 
 Morrill. In 1824, Oliver Farrington was elected 
 Master, and held that position until April 22, 1826, at 
 which time the record stops. Mr. Beach's "Corn- 
 wall," from which the record of this lodge is taken, 
 adds : " In the summer of 1826 the communications 
 ceased, and the lodge became dormant for a period of 
 forty-five years, until revived in the winter of 1871 by 
 a tew old Masons, who obtained permission to meet 
 under its old name and number. July 27, 1872, the 
 old lodge was revived with a new number (No. 721), 
 and constituted with its original paraphernalia."t 
 
 * There is a discrepaucy in dates between the record entry in the 
 Grand Lodge aiinutes and the dates given in an official list of lodges 
 piepared in 1818, iu the case of this and several other warrants. The 
 «late iu the latter is here given, although known (from other sources) to 
 lie inaccurate. The petition for Olive Branch Lodge was made Dec. 7, 
 1803, and the record shows that it paid dues to the Grand Lodge from 
 Pec. 27th of lliat year. 
 
 f When the hidge suspended, the paraphernalia were taken in charge 
 by Mr. John II. Lane, and on his death, in 18t>3, they were preserved by 
 Mr. Dyer Brewster. They are now seen in the lodge-room, and e.xcite 
 the wonder of visiting brethren. — Beaches Cornwall. 
 
 Hoffman Lodge, No. 300.— Constituted af Wallkill, 
 Dec. 3, 1818. Its name was taken from Martin Hofl- 
 man, D. G. M., who, in consideration thereof, pre- 
 sented to it a Bible in 1818. This Bible is now in use 
 in Hoffman Lodge, No. 412, of Middletown. The 
 first officers of the lodge were John Kirby, W. M. ; 
 Stacey Beakes, S. W. ; Isaac Otis, J. W. ; Isaac Mills, 
 Treas. ; George Hill, Sec. ; Chas. Anderson, Tyler. 
 The lodge closed its existence in 1832. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, the following charters 
 were granted : 
 
 Orange Mark Lodge, No. 51, Goshen. — Warrant is- 
 sued, Feb. 8, 1809, to William Elliott, William A. 
 Thompson, and Edward Ely. 
 
 Orange Chapter, No. 33, Minisink. — Warrant issued, 
 Feb. 6, 1812, to Uriah Hulse, James D. Wadswo^-th, 
 and Malcomb Campbell. 
 
 Hiram Mark Lodge, No. 70, Newburgh. — Warrant 
 issued, Feb. 3, 1812, to Sylvanus Jessup, James Wil- 
 liams, and George Gordon. Warrant was forfeited 
 Feb. 8, 1816, on account of non-payment of dues to 
 the Grand Chapter. 
 
 Jerusalem Temple Chapter, No. 52, Newburgh. — 
 Warrant issued, Feb. 6, 1817, to James B. Reynolds, 
 William Ross, and William P. Lot. Warrant for- 
 feited, Feb. 10, 1821, for non-payment of dues to 
 Grand Chapter. J 
 
 The old Masonic lodges shared the fate of their 
 associates in other parts of the State under the Anti- 
 Masonic movements, which had their origin in the 
 alleged abduction and murder of William Morgan, at 
 Batavia, on the night of Sept. 11, 1826. Morgan, it 
 will be remembered, was about to publish a book dis- 
 closing the then obligations and ceremonies of the 
 first degrees of the order. To prevent this, it was 
 charged, a conspiracy was formed which resulted in 
 his murder. Efibrts were made to detect the guilty 
 parties, but without success, and in the end the entire 
 fraternity was charged with guilty participation in 
 the offense, although the Masons always denied that 
 ^Morgan had been murdered, or that the body which 
 was identified as his was so in ftict, but simply used 
 as "a good-enough Morgan until after the election." 
 An excited and prejudiced Anti-Masonic feeling 
 sprang up, which not only carried the order down, 
 but effected changes which have had more or less of 
 political influence from that time to the present, — the 
 Anti-Masons and the National Republicans, or an- 
 cient Federalists, falling into alliance under Adams 
 in 1828, and Clay and Wirt in 1832, again.st Jackson 
 and the Democratic party, with whom the Masons 
 found refuge against a persecution as bitter and heated 
 as that which the Tammany Society had hurled 
 against the Society of the Cincinnati and the Fed- 
 eralists. What the latter would have become under 
 its hereditary features had it obtained the control of 
 
 X Information by Charles H. Halstead, of Hudson Biver Lodge, New- 
 burgh, to whom the writer is also indebted for many facts concerning 
 tire early lodges. 
 
BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 141 
 
 the government, or what Masonry would have become 
 
 had it escaped the chastening which it received, is 
 not a question to be raised now that both have been 
 essentially modified ; suffice it that Masonry, under 
 changes in its obligations and ceremonies, has re- 
 gained its original standing, althougli it is still re- 
 garded with a traditional suspicion by many. 
 
 Odd-Fellowship dates its existence in this country 
 from Washington Lodge, No. 1, which was instituted 
 at Baltimore, Md., April 26, 1819, under a charter 
 obtained in England. A lodge had existed in New 
 York prior to that time, but it had been disbanded. 
 The Anti-Masonic excitement was a material aid to 
 the introduction and permanent organization of the 
 order, supplying, as it did, the loss which the Masons 
 had" sustained in the disbandment of their lodges, 
 although it shared to some extent in the general dis- 
 trust of secret societies. Its spread in New York was 
 quite rapid until it was disrupted, in 1850, on the 
 question of "new" and "old" constitution, and two 
 State grand lodges were formed. Some years were 
 spent in demoralization, but from this it has now fully 
 recovered. Prior to this disruption the following 
 lodges were organized in Orange County, viz. : 
 
 Highland Lodge, No. 65, at Newburgh, 1842. 
 
 Orange County Lodge, No. 74, at Newburgh, 1842. 
 
 Middletown Lodge, No. 112, at Middletown, 1844. 
 
 Chester Lodge, No. 138, at Chester. 
 
 Wawayanda Lodge, No. 157, at Goshen. 
 
 Freeman's Lodge, No. 170, at Montgomery. 
 
 Beacon Hill Lodge, No. 20.3, at Canterlniry. 
 
 Hudson River Lodge, No. 281, at Newburgh, 1847. 
 
 Myrtle Degree Lodge, No. 20, at Newburgh, 1845. 
 
 Mount Carmel Encampment, No. 21, at Newburgh, 
 1845. 
 
 Mount Hermon Encampment, No. 34, at Goshen. 
 
 Kossuth Lodge, No. 129, at Newburgh, 1850, and 
 Gray Court Lodge, at Chester, were organized after 
 the disruption as " new" constitution lodges. With 
 the exception of Highland, No. 65, all the Newburgh 
 lodges perished. Middletown, No. 112, and Free- 
 man's Lodge, No. 170, of Montgomery, also escaped 
 the general wreck. Since the reorganization fifteen 
 lodges have been established, including Highland, 
 Middletown, Freeman's, and three Eebecca Degree 
 Lodges. 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 
 BENCH AND BAR OP OEANGE COUNTY. 
 
 The bench and bar of the county have, from the 
 earliest period in its judicial history, been composed 
 of men of the highest professional rank in the eras in 
 which they lived, and of whom many have their 
 names written indelibly upon the annals of the politi- 
 cal and general history of the province and of the 
 State. In preparing an abridged review the mere 
 
 mention of names and dates is the only tribute which 
 
 we can pay to the memory of many eminent in the 
 profession in times past, while of others even our 
 most complete sketches do not adequately convey an 
 ample knowledge of their worthiness. Although a 
 Court of Common Pleas and a Supreme Court were 
 established in the original county in 1691, there is no 
 record of proceedings until 1703, and it was some 
 years later that the county had resident members of 
 the legal profession. Indeed, there is an entire blank 
 in existing records from 1703 to 1727, during which 
 time litigation was apparently confined to the juris- 
 diction of justices of the peace or to courts held else- 
 where. It is with this latter year, therefore, that we 
 commence our review.* 
 
 1727. — Henry Wileman. He was formerly a 
 resident of New York, where he was a coroner, and 
 in 1701 a register in chancery. In 1712, in company 
 with one Henry Van Bael, he received a patent for a 
 tract of land in what is now the town of Montgomery, 
 on which he founded the township plot of Wileman- 
 town, in which he lived and died. He was the first 
 resident attorney of whom we find any record. 
 
 1729. — Phineas McIntosh. He was the holder 
 of patented lands in the old precinct of the High- 
 lands, his tract being in the original town of New 
 Windsor. He was one of the partners in the town- 
 ship of Newburgh plot in 1731, and erected his resi- 
 dence there, which was known for many years as the 
 "Mcintosh house." 
 
 1734. — John Alsop. He located in New Windsor 
 about 1724, and removed from the county about 1744. 
 His son, John Alsop, Jr., was a member of the Con- 
 tinental Congress of 1776, but resigned on the adop- 
 tion of the Declaration of Independence. His daugh- 
 ter was the mother of Governor John A. King. 
 
 1735. — John Chamber.^. He was the son of Wil- 
 liam Chambers, one of the resident holders of the 
 Chambers and Southerland Patent in New Windsor 
 in 1712. He removed to New York in 1730, where 
 he was appointed member of the Governor's Council 
 (1752-63) and associate judge of the Supreme Court 
 (1751-66). His contemporary, Judge Jones, says of 
 him, in his "History of New York," "Mr. Chambers 
 had been regularly bred to the law in the province, in 
 all the courts of which he had practiced for a long 
 course of years, with universal applause and the fairest 
 reputation as an honest, upright man. He was at this 
 time (1760) one of His Majesty's Council. His reli- 
 gion was that of the Church of England, of which he 
 was not only a zealous professor, but an ornament 
 and an honor to the religion he professed." 
 
 1741. — Vincent Matthews. He was the son of 
 Peter Matthews. He located in the present town of 
 Cornwall in 1721, having purchased the Van Dam 
 
 * The year prefixed is tliat of ailniission to the har of the county, as 
 shown hy the court records. In all cases the names of known non- 
 residents of the county have heen rejected. 
 
142 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Patent, to which he gave the name of Matthewsfield. 
 He was clerk of the county from 172G to 1733, and a 
 judge of Common Pleas in 1733. He was also colonel 
 of Orange County militia 1738-58. 
 
 1753. — Fletcher Matthews. He was a son of 
 Vincent Matthews. Cadwallader Golden, Jr., of Col- 
 denham, son of Governor Golden, was admitted the 
 .same year. 
 
 1759. — William Wickham, Goshen. 
 
 1760. — David Matthewh. He was also a son of 
 Vincent Matthews. He removed to New York, where 
 he was appointed mayor by Governor Tryon in 177G. 
 He was the father of Vincent Matthews (2), who was 
 admitted in 1790 and removed to Rochester, where 
 he was regarded as the " fatiierof the bar of Western 
 New York." 
 
 1767. — Gedrge Glixtox. He was the sen of 
 Charles Clinton, who located in New Windsor in 
 1731. He studied with Judge William Smith; was 
 appointed clerk of Ulster County; was the first Gov- 
 ernor of the State under the constitution of 1777, and 
 died while Vice-President of the United States. It 
 may with truth be said of George Clinton that he was 
 to the State of New York what Washington was to 
 the nation. In early life he gave promise of great 
 
 GEORGE CLINTON. 
 
 activity and counige; he left liis father's house and 
 sjiiied in a privateer in the French war, and on his 
 return demanded and received a place in the expedi- 
 tion under his father and his brother against Fort 
 Fronteuac. At the close of the war he settled down 
 to :-tudy under Judge Smith. In 1759 he was ap- 
 pointed clerk of Ulster County, but held that position 
 for only about one year. He took an active i)art in 
 colonial politics, and was elected to a seat in the 
 
 Assembly in 1760, serving until the close of that 
 body under the English government. In the discus- 
 sions of that period no voice raised in the province 
 was more consistent and firm in resisting the demands 
 of the crown, nor was there of his contemporaries one 
 whose energy and zeal was more devoted. In 1775 he 
 was elected to the Continental Congress, and served in 
 that body until after the adoption of the Declaration 
 of Independence, that instrument, however, failing to 
 receive, under instruction.?, from the Provincial Con- 
 vention of New York, either his vote or his signature. 
 He was appointed a brigadier-general in the army of 
 the United States in 177IJ, and during the earlier 
 years of the war was active in military aft'airs in New 
 York, where he held, by virtue of appointment, com- 
 mission as brigadier-general of militia ; subsequently, 
 by virtue of his office as Governor, he was com- 
 mander-in-chief of the army and navy of the State. 
 In the former capacity he was in the field with his 
 Ijrigade for the defense of New York City in 1770 ; 
 and in the latter, held command of the forts in the 
 Highlands at the time of their reduction by Sir Henry 
 Clinton, Oct. 7, 1777, and marched to the defense of 
 the Mohawk Valley in 1779. In April, 1777, he was 
 elected Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, under the 
 first constitution of the State, and was continued in 
 the former oflice eighteen years. His duties were 
 especially trying. The State was the battle-ground 
 of the nation almost during the entire war of the 
 Revolution ; invasions of the enemy swept in on the 
 north and on the south, while the western frontiers 
 were ravaged by savages and Tories; yet during the 
 darkest hours of the heroic struggle he held the helm 
 with a firm hand and an inspiring courage. His 
 duties after peace was established were not less trying, 
 though of a different type ; poverty and distress were 
 in his borders, and crude laws required shaping to the 
 changed political relations of the people. That his 
 ailniinistration was wise no one will question. He 
 was president of the convention assembled at Pough- 
 keepsie to consider the Federal Constitution in 1788 ; 
 was again chosen Governor in ISOl, and in 1804 was 
 elected Vice-President of the United States, which 
 position he held, by re-election in 1808, at the time of 
 his death. In a sketch of this character nothing like 
 justice to his public services can be rendered. He 
 married Cornelia Tappen, only daughter of Petrus 
 and Tyante Tappen, of Kingston, Feb. 7, 1770, and 
 immediately thereafter took up his residence in New 
 Windsor, where he remained until October, 1777, 
 when, on the fall of the Higlilaud forts, he hastily 
 removed to Little Britain, and from the latter place to 
 Poughkeepsie in December. His children were Catha- 
 rine, born in New Windsor, Nov. 5, 1770 ; Cornelia T., 
 born in New Windsor, June 29, 1774 ; George W., 
 liorn in Poughkeepsie, Oct. 18, 1778; Elizabeth, born 
 in Poughkeepsie, July 16, 1780 ; Martha W., born in 
 Poughkeepsie, Oct. 12, 1783; Maria, born in New 
 York, Oct. 6, 1785. 
 
BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 143 
 
 1770. — James Sayre, residence not known ; Thomas 
 Smith, residence not known. 
 
 1773. — William Thompson, Goshen. 
 
 William Thompson was the son of William 
 Thompson, who settled in the present town of Goshen 
 at an early period. He was one of the representatives 
 of the county in 17SS, and was a State senator from 
 1797 to ISOO. In 17.S.S he was appointed first judge of 
 the Court of Common Pleas of the county, and held 
 the office one term. Of his descendants we have no 
 other information than that a daughter married Dr. 
 Nathaniel Elmer, of Warwick, and had Dr. William 
 Elmer, of Goshen ; Dr. Nathaniel Elmer, of Denton ; 
 Jesse Elmer, of Bellvale, and a daughter who married 
 Robert Armstrong. 
 
 John W. Smith, residence not known ; Balthazar 
 DeHart, Goshen. He was an active man in the early 
 part of the Revolution. 
 
 1788. — James W. Wilkin, Goshen. 
 
 1790. — James Everett, Goshen ; Phineas Bowman, 
 Newburgh ; Reuben Hopkins, Goshen ; Samuel Boyd, 
 New Windsor; Vincent Matthews (2), Cornwall; 
 Thomas Cooper, Oliver L. Kerr. 
 
 Phineas Bowman served in the war of the Revo- 
 lution as captain in a Massachusetts regiment, but 
 was usually addressed by the title of colonel. He 
 came to Newburgh with the army, and either remained 
 here after its disbandment, as was the case with sev- 
 eral of his contemporaries in the service, or returned 
 here not long subsequent to that event. He was a 
 man of high legal attainments ; was admitted to prac- 
 tice in the courts of Ulster County in 1790; rose rap- 
 idly in his profession, and rendered his constituents 
 valuable service, as a member of the Legislature of 
 1798, by securing the passage of the law erecting the 
 present county of Orange. During the last few years 
 of his life, however, he lost character and fortune by 
 habits of intemperance ; and his memory is now pre- 
 served only through the medium of anecdotes arising 
 from occurrences in which he was a principal partici- 
 pant. The date of his death is not known. He left 
 one daughter, Mary, who married Benjamin Ander- 
 son. His wife, Mary, died March 22, 1S13, in her 
 fifty-eighth year, universally esteemed by all who en- 
 joyed her acquaintance. 
 
 Samuel Boyd was the son of Robert Boyd, the 
 Revolutionary gun-maker of New Windsor. We be- 
 lieve he removed to New York. 
 
 1791. — Nicholas Evertson. 
 
 1792. — Solomon Sleight, Newburgh ; John Wick- 
 ham, Goshen. 
 
 1793. — George Clinton, Jr., son of Gen. James 
 Clinton, of New Windsor; Benjamin Smith, Jr., 
 Newburgh. 
 
 1794. — Abraham L. Smith. 
 
 1800. — Jonathan Fisk, Newburgh ; Stephen .Tack- 
 son, Newburgh; C. F. Smith, James F. Smith. 
 
 Jonathan Fisk, perhaps the most distinguished 
 of the early lawyers of Newburgh, was born at Am- 
 
 herst, N. H., Sept. 26, 1773. He was the son of Jona- 
 than Fisk, who subsequently resided at Williamstown, 
 Vt., and became a member of the Legislature of that 
 State, and judge of probate, as well as the founder of 
 that branch of the family of which the late James 
 Fisk, of Erie Railroad fame, was a member. He left 
 the home of his father at the age of nineteen years, 
 and commenced the occupation of school-teacher, 
 qualified, according to a letter of recommendation 
 signed by Moses Bradford, Dec. 12, 1792, to teach 
 " writing, English grammar, and arithmetic." We 
 next find him at Ware, N. H., in 1795, with a certifi- 
 cate stating that he had lived for several months in 
 the family of Amos Wood, of that place, where he 
 had " read Greek and Latin, and attended to other 
 branches of study, by which he appeared well qualified 
 to teach a school," and that he " maintained a good 
 moral character." In 179H or '97 he entered the oflice 
 of Peter Hawes, in New York, and commenced the 
 study of law. He was without other means of sup- 
 port than such as his own industry could furnish, but 
 he was enabled to complete his studies by occasional 
 remuneration for services as an amanuensis, and by 
 giving instruction to a class of young men in the 
 evening. In 1799 he was admitted to practice in the 
 Court of Common Pleas of Westchester County ; in 
 1800, in the Supreme Court of the State, and during 
 the same year, in the Courts of Common Pleas of the 
 counties of Orange and Ulster. In 1802 he was ex- 
 amined by Chief Justice Morgan Lewis, and " regu- 
 larly admitted as a Counsellor of Law in all the courts 
 of the State of New York." Mr. Fisk removed to 
 Newburgh, Feb. 4, 1800. In 1809 he was elected rep- 
 resentative in Congress from the Sixth District, which 
 was composed of the counties of Orange and West- 
 chester, and again in 1814. Parties were then known 
 by the titles of Democrats and Federalists. Mr. Fisk 
 was a Democrat, and an ardent supporter of the ad- 
 ministrations of Jefferson and of Madison. While in 
 Congress he sustained the war of 1812, opposed the 
 recharter of the Bank of the United States, proposed 
 a plan for a national printing-office, and during his 
 whole career he commanded the confidence of his 
 friends and the respect of his opponents. 
 
 In 1815 (March 21st) he was appointed by President 
 Madison attorney for the United States in and for the 
 Southern District of New York, and this appointment 
 was renewed Jan. 6, 1810. He was very diligent and 
 efficient in prosecuting those who evaded the law in 
 regard to the sale of foreign merchandise without a 
 license, and so exasperated did this class of offenders 
 become that they threatened him with personal pun- 
 ishment. Failing to intimidate him, they appealed 
 to Congress on a question of fees, for the purpose of 
 securing his removal from office. The subject was 
 referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, who re- 
 ported that, while Mr. Fisk's fees had been large, 
 and in some instances unsustained by law, he had 
 nevertheless been governed by the usage of the former 
 
144 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTl", NEW YORK. 
 
 incumbents of the office, and the suliieot died "on the ! 
 table." He remained undisturbed until the expira- ' 
 tion of Madison's administration, in 1820, when his 
 successor was appointed. 
 
 As a citizen, Mr. Fisk was highly esteemed. The 
 tpwn records, the files of the public journals, and his 
 own manuscripts bear testimony to the commanding 
 position which he occupied, and to the superiority of ! 
 his abilities. The most important legal cases were 
 submitted to his care, while on the various local ques- 
 tions of the times his views received the highest con- 
 sideration. In person, he was large, and of a presence 
 that impressed all with whom he had intercourse with 
 a sense of his superiority, — 
 
 " A cuinbiiiation, anJ a form inileed, 
 "Whei'e evei'y God did seem to set his seal, 
 To give tlie world assurance of a man !" 
 
 His wife was a lady of more than ordinary personal 
 attractions, lively, witty, and not without fair literary 
 abilities. His family record is as follows : Jonathan 
 Fisk, born Sept. 26, 1773 ; died July 13, 1832. Sarah 
 Van Kleek, wife of Jonathan Fisk, born March 18, 
 1773 ; died June 6, 1832. Children : Theodore S., 
 found dead in the street in Xew York in 1854 or '55 ; 
 James L., died at Pensacola in 1835 ; Delaphine R. E., 
 married J. C. Bisbee, died July 22, 1846 ; Mary M., 
 died June 8, 1822; and an infant son, who died at the 
 age of two months. 
 
 1801. — Jonas Storey, Newburgh ; Isaac Hamilton, 
 Newburgh ; William Koss, Newburgh. 
 
 Jonas Storey was born in Norwich, Conn., July 
 11, 1778 ; died Sept. 22, 1848. He was a graduate of 
 Williams College ; taught school at Poughkeepsie, 
 and from thence removed to Newburgh, where he 
 maintained for forty years a distinguished place 
 among the members of his profession. He was quite 
 active in politics in the earlier part of his career, and 
 the candidate for Congress of the Federal or anti-war 
 party in 1814, against Jonathan Fisk, by whom he 
 was overwhelmingly defeated. He gave no little at- 
 tention to religious matters, so much so indeed that 
 he might jiroperly be called a theologian as well as a 
 lawyer. He. retired from the active duties of his pro- 
 fession a few years previous to his death, but the 
 change was disastrous. His mind, released from its 
 long routine of toil, appeared to turn inward upon 
 itself, and reason forsook its throne. His wife was 
 Mary, daughter of Isaac Schultz, of New Windsor. 
 His children were, — 1. Henry E., who married Re- 
 becca Cook, is now deceased ; 2. Edwin, who married 
 Abbey Basset Clark, is now deceased ; 3. Helen E., 
 who married Orville M. Smith, is now deceased ; 4. 
 Mary B., who married Daniel Smith; 5. Nathan S., 
 who married Harriet Smith, is now deceased. 
 
 WiLLl.iM Ross, perhaps the most prominent mem- 
 ber of the class admitted to the bar in 1801, was the 
 son of Robert Ross, of Rossville, Newburgh. He was 
 elected member of Assembly in 1808, 1809, 1811, 1812, 
 1813, 1814, and chosen Speaker of that body in Feb- 
 
 ruary, 1811. During the same month he was ap- 
 pointed a master in chancery. Hammond, in his 
 " Political History of New York," speaks of him as 
 an "honest and kind-hearted man," and as being 
 " sincerely and warmly attached" to the Democratic 
 party; but affirms that he was vain and lacked real 
 talent. In the absence of any knowledge upon the 
 subject of Mr. Ross' qualifications, we cannot pro- 
 nounce judgment for or against Mr. Hammond's criti- 
 cism. Whatever may have been his failings he en- 
 joyed the esteem and confidence of his constituents, 
 who sufficiently attested their appreciation of him by 
 transferring him from the Assembly to the Senate, 
 where he served from 1815 to 1822, and while in that 
 position was designated by the Assembly as a memy)er 
 of the Council of Apportionment, and served from 
 1816 to 1819. He died Sept. 5, 1830, in his fifty-fifth 
 year. His wife (first), Mary S., daughter of John 
 McLean, died March 31, 1812, aged twenty-six years. 
 His eldest daughter, Mary McLean, married John F. 
 Butterworth. His second wife was Caroline Middle- 
 brook, of Connecticut. 
 
 1802.— Henry G. Wisner, Goshen ; Walter Case, 
 Newburgh. 
 
 Henry G. Wisner. — Probably no name was more 
 closely identified with the early history of Orange 
 County in its relations to the New York Colony, for 
 many j'ears prior and subsequent to the Revolution- 
 ary war, in the early develo])ment of its material re- 
 sources, and also as one of the founders of the Ameri- 
 can republic, than that of Henry Wisner, grandfather 
 of our subject, son of Hendrick Wisner, the first settler 
 of the family in Orange County about 1714, and grand- 
 son of Johannes Wisner, a subaltern officer in the 
 Swiss contingent of the allied army commanded by 
 the Prince of Orange against Louis XIV. of France, 
 who came to America as a colonist, and settled on 
 Long Island about the time of the Peace of Utrecht, 
 concluded during the reign of Queen Anne, in 1713. 
 
 Henry Wisner married Miss Sarah Norton, of 
 Queens Co., L. I., and settled in Goshen, N. Y., where 
 he acquired property and weight of character. He 
 was elected and continued a member of the Colonial 
 Assembly of New York from 1759 to 1769 ; was a 
 member of the first county committee to consider the 
 gnmnds of difficulty between Great Britain and her 
 American colonies ; a member of the first Congress 
 that convened at Philadelphia in the autumn of 1774, 
 and signed the non-importation agreement ; was elected, 
 with Peter Clowes, at the annual town meeting held 
 at Goshen, April 4, 1775, a delegate to the Provincial 
 Convention in New Y^ork City, and by that body, on 
 April 21, 1775, he was chosen one of the delegates to the 
 Second Continental Congress, where he took part in its 
 patriotic measures, including the wonderfully fortu- 
 nate selection of a commander-in-chief of the Ameri- 
 can armies. 
 
 In 1775, feeling the disadvantage tiie colonies labored 
 under for want of ammunition, he applied himself 
 
BENCH AND BAH. 
 
 145 
 
 to thdso necessary arts of making saltpetre and gun- 
 powder, and erected a powder-mill in the south end of 
 Ulster County, which he soon after gave up to his 
 son, Jlaj. Henry Wisner, and erected two other pow- 
 der-mills in Orange County, in May, 1776. 
 
 By letters dated Dec. 21, 1775, and March 28, 1776, 
 addressed to the Provincial Convention, he strongly 
 recommended to the country at large the consideration 
 of this important subject. 
 
 He was one of the committee appointed to report 
 the first constitution of the State, and under it was 
 chosen a State senator from the Middle District at the 
 election in 1777, and served until 1782. 
 
 In January, 1778, he was one of a committee of four 
 to repair to the Highlands to fix on the place for build- 
 ing fortifications; the result was the erection at West 
 Point of Fort Arnold and its outworks, including Fort 
 Putnam, the impregnable key to the strategic lines of 
 the army of the Eevolution. 
 
 After the triumphal close of the Revolution the only 
 public service of Henry Wisner was in the New York 
 Constitutional Convention of 1788, whicli ratified the 
 United States Constitution. 
 
 Henry Wisner was a man, though without superior 
 education, of a clear, strong mind, active and useful, 
 devoted to his country, and very efHcient in its early 
 councils, trusted by his fellow-citizens, and the com- 
 panion and friend of its leading patriots. 
 
 If his name has disappeared from the records of 
 churches and the stones of graveyards, so that neither 
 his birth nor death can be accurately fixed, and if it 
 does not stand where it really belongs, among the 
 original signers of the Declaration of Independence, 
 it is not likely to be forgotten while many t)atriotic 
 and honorable descendants remain, and while history 
 still continues busy in hunting up the records of those 
 whose hearts and lives contributed sensible support to 
 the trembling tree of our natiimal liberty when it was 
 first planted and in danger from every breeze of selfish 
 cowardice or calculating distrust. 
 
 In 1779, Henry Wisner lost his younger son, Lieut. - 
 Col. Gabriel Wisner, in the battle of Minisink, whom, 
 according to the account in Stone's " Life of Brant," 
 that savage tomahawked after the battle. 
 
 Gabriel Wisner married Elizabeth Waters, and his 
 tliree sisters were Elizabeth, wife of John Denton; 
 Mary, wife of Phineas Helmes ; and Sarah, wife of 
 Moses Phillips. 
 
 Henry G., son of Gabriel and Elizabeth (Waters) 
 Wisner, was born on the homestead near Goshen, in 
 1777. His wife was Sarah, daughter of Samuel and 
 Phebe Talman, of New York, born in 1784, died in 
 April, 1874, and whom he married in December, 
 1805. 
 
 Their children are William H. ; Elizabeth, widow 
 of John E. Phillips; Mary, wife of George C. Miller, 
 of New York; Samuel T., died in inftincy; Frances, 
 wife of Hon. Ambrose Spencer Murray, of Goshen ; 
 Gabriel H., of New York ; Sarah A., wife of Joseph 
 
 H. Coates, of New York ; Alma T., died unmarried ; 
 George T., of Goshen ; and Martha. 
 
 Mr. Wisner was prepared for college at Farmer's 
 Hall Academy, Goshen, then conducted by the emi- 
 nent teacher and lexicographer, Noah Webster, and 
 was graduated at Princeton in the class of 1799, de- 
 livering the valedictory oration. He read law with 
 George Griffen, Esq., of New York, was admitted to 
 the bar in due course of time, and opened an office for 
 the practice of his profession in tliat city. 
 
 About the year 1810, Mr. Wisner removed with his 
 family, consisting of his wife and two children, and 
 settled at Goshen, where he opened a law-office, and 
 continued a successful practice until his death, which 
 occurred Feb. 20, 1842. Soon after his settlement at 
 Goshen he was elected county clerk, and w-as tlie in- 
 cumbent of that office during the war of 1812. 
 
 As a member of the bar he stood among the first in 
 his native county, while he had but few equals in the 
 State. Possessed of a clear and lofty intellect, he was 
 enabled to grapple successfully the most difficult ques- 
 tions of law ; endowed with an unusual share of moral 
 courage, he was induced on all occasions fearlessly to 
 pursue the path of duty, regardless of popular favor, 
 while a keen discrimination, with a graceful and con- 
 vincing style in argument, rendered him a most able 
 and successful advocate. 
 
 In the discharge of his duty to his client he never 
 forsook the path of honor nor sought to take undue ad- 
 vantage of his adversary. His great legal knowledge, 
 unbending integrity, and. frank and honorable course 
 won for him the respect and esteem of his brethren of 
 the bar, and gave great weight to his opinions with the 
 court. 
 
 As a citizen he was spirited and enterprising, always 
 ready to contribute of his time, talents, and means to 
 the advancement of the public interest and to the good 
 of his fellow-men. The spirit of benevolence ever 
 prompted him to acts of kindness and charity. To the 
 indigent he was, indeed, a friend and a counselor, whose 
 aid was never invoked in vain. The generous im- 
 pulses of a noble heart were obeyed without ostenta- 
 tion. 
 
 As a Christian he was consistent, zealous, and de- 
 voted ; and, in generous support and counsel, he was 
 ever foremost in the promotion of every good work 
 that would contribute to the advancement and pros- 
 perity of the church. 
 
 Walter Case, of Newburgh, was the son of Rev. 
 Wheeler Case, of Duchess County, who has some rep- 
 utation among antiquarians through his " Revolution- 
 ary Memorials," embracing poems, published in 1778. 
 He was member of Congress, 1819-21, and surrogate 
 of the county, 1823-27. He removed from Newburgh 
 to Fishkill, where he died. His wife was Sarah, 
 daughter of Jonathan Hasbrouck (2), of Newburgh. 
 His grandson, Walter C. Anthony, is a practicing 
 attorney in Newburgh, and is now serving his second 
 term as district attorney of the county. 
 
14t) 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 1804.— William \V. Bro\vii, AVashingtonville. 
 
 1805. — Charles Baker, Newburgh ; John Duer, Go- 
 shen ; Benjamin Anderson, Jr., Newburgh; Joseph 
 J. Jackson. 
 
 Benjamin Anderson, Jr., of Newburgh, had, we 
 are told, his principal consequence from the fact 
 that he married the daughter of Phineas Bowman. 
 Charles Baker and John Duer were strong men, 
 although Mr. Baker destroyed his opportunities 
 through intemperance. He was a native of Wind- 
 ham Co., Conn. He graduated at Dartmouth Col- 
 lege in 1760, and immediately removed to Sullivan 
 County, where he engaged in school-teaching. A 
 few years later he became a student in the office of 
 William Ross, at Newburgh, and after his admission 
 to the bar returned to Sullivan County, and opened 
 an office in Bloomingburgh. " He was," says Mr. 
 Quinlan, " a man of undoubted talent, of more than 
 average learning as a lawyer, and mueli addicted to 
 original thought and expression. So unusual and 
 amusing were his sayings that he was the central 
 figure, to which all eyes were directed, in whatever so- 
 ciety he appeared." His career is fully sketched in 
 Mr. Quinlan's history. He removed from Sullivan 
 County to Newburgh in 1835, and died there Mav 7, 
 1839. 
 
 John Duer was one of the three sons of Col. Wil- 
 liam Duer, of the army of the Revolution, and was 
 born at Albany, N. Y., Aug. 8, 1782. His mother 
 (Col. Duer's wife) was Catharine Alexander, daugh- 
 ter of Maj.-Gen. Alexander (Lord Stirling), well 
 known in Revolutionary annals. William A. Duer, 
 the older brother of John, was a distinguished lawyer, 
 and for many years judge of the Supreme Court cir- 
 cuit of the State of New York. At the age of six- 
 teen years John Duer entered the army, but aban- 
 doned it after two years' service, and commenced the. 
 study of law at Goshen, whither his family had re- 
 moved. Upon the completion of his studies he com- 
 menced the practice of his profession at Goshen, 
 where he was subsequently joined by his brother, 
 Alexander Duer, who lived but a few years, and 
 left two daughters, now Mrs. J. V. Beane and Mrs. 
 David F. Gedney. He removed from Goshen to 
 New York about 1820, and soon took a prominent 
 position at the bar of that city. Upon the passage of 
 the law providing for a revision of the statutes of the 
 State, he was appointed a member of the commission 
 charged with that important work. He was elected 
 a justice of the Superior Court of the city in 1849, and 
 in 1857 became presiding justice. He was the author 
 of a valuable treatise on the " Law and Practice of 
 Marine Insurance," which is regarded as authority 
 not only in the State, but by the bench and bar 
 throughout the United States. He was also the au- 
 thor of other works on legal subjects, and the editor 
 of a series of Superior Court Reports. His death oc- 
 curred Aug. 8, 1858. In person he was of tall and 
 commanding stature, a noble and highly intellectual 
 
 countenance, and possessed rare jiowers of forensic 
 eloquence. An extraordinary fluent delivery, great 
 command of language, and a rich, full, deep-toned 
 voice, with a dignified, noble carriage, imparted to 
 his style of eloquence a most impressive effect. While 
 a resident of this county his peculiar qualifications 
 not only gave him high rank in his profession, but 
 drew him into the politics of Ihe times. In this field 
 he unfortunately formed an alliance with the oppo- 
 nents of the war of 1812, and, notwithstanding his 
 abilities, found himself in an overwhelmed minority. 
 With others he sought to regain political standing by 
 stepping to the front after the burning of the national 
 capital (1815), but it was then too late. He was quite 
 active in local undertakings, and gave tone to Goshen 
 society through his family associaticms and his per- 
 sonal accomplishments. His wife was Annie Bun- 
 ner, of the city of New York, sister to Rudolf Bunner, 
 who was his first business partner after he located in 
 Goshen. Another brother-in-law, Morris Roliinson, 
 the first cashier of the Bank of Orange County, was a 
 son of Beverly Robinson, of the British army, whose 
 father was Col. Beverly Robinson, one of the historic 
 associates in the treason of Benedict Arnold. 
 
 1807. — Edward Ely, Goshen ; Benjamin T. Case, 
 Herman Ruggles, Edward W. James. 
 
 Edward Ely was member of Assembly in 1815, 
 and surrogate from 1815 to 1820. 
 
 1808. — Jonathan Cooley, Newburgh. He was 
 a judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1815. 
 
 1809.— Hezekiah Belknap, Newburgh; Rudolf Bun- 
 ner, Goshen. 
 
 Hezekiah Belknap was born in 1781, and died 
 in 1814, his death following his election (April) to the 
 next Assembly (1815), of which his name appears on 
 the roll. 
 
 Rudolf Bunner, the associate of John Duer, re- 
 moved to Newburgh and subsequently to Oswego. 
 He was representative in Congress from the Oswego 
 district, 1827-29. 
 
 1810.— Samuel R. Betts, Newburgh; Gilbert 0. 
 Fowler, Newburgh ; David Ruggles, Newburgh ; 
 Beverly Kain, Montgomery ; Aaron Belknap, New- 
 burgh. 
 
 Samuel R. Betts was circuit judge in 1823. 
 
 Gilbert O. Fowler was son of Dr. David Fow- 
 ler, of Newburgh. He graduated with honor at Co- 
 lumbia College, and subsequently pursued the study 
 of law at Newburgh, with Solomon Sleight. He was 
 licensed to practice in 1810 ; appointed master in 
 chancery in 1816 ; judge of Orange Common Pleas in 
 1828. and first judge of that court (in place of Samuel 
 S. Seward) in 1833. In the autumn of 1833 he was 
 elected to the Legislature, and as a member of that 
 body was instrumental in securing the passage of the 
 charter of the Highland Bank, and also of the Dela- 
 ware and Hudson Railroad. He was elected presi- 
 dent of the Highland Bank on the organization of 
 that institution, and occupied that jiosition until his 
 
BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 U7 
 
 death. He also held several iiiiportant military coin- 
 missions: was aide-de-camp to (Jen. Leonard Smith in 
 1S13 ; quartermaster of Tliirty-lburth I5riga<le in 1815; 
 aide-de-camp to the major-general of the second divis- 
 ion of infantry in 1816; brigade major and inspector 
 in 1818; brigadier-general of Thirty-fourth Brigade 
 in lS2fi (elected in 1825) ; and major-general of Fifth 
 Brigade in 1827. Few men enjoyed to a greater de- 
 gree the confidence of his fellow-citizens or more 
 worthily performed the duties of the public stations 
 which he held. He died in 1843. His sons were 
 Isaac v., lawyer of New York ; James W., surrogate 
 of the county, 1851 ; and David E., who served as 
 quartermaster under Gen. Sherman. Isaac V. and 
 David E. are now deceased. 
 
 Aaron Belknap was of the old Belknap stock of 
 Newburgh. Samuel R. Betts was associated with him 
 in practice. Aaron Betts Belknap, of New York, 
 recently deceased, was his only surviving son. 
 
 1811. — Joseph H. Jackson, Goshen; John Antill, 
 Ciildenham; John Neiffle, Montgomery; David W. 
 Bate, Newburgh; Charles White, Jr., Philo T. Bug- 
 gies, Newburgh ; Thomas Swezey, Goshen ; Joseph 
 Chattle, Mount Hope. 
 
 David W. Bate was the most prominent lawyer of 
 this group. Of his family history very little is known , 
 beyond the fact that he was son of James Bate, A. il. G. 
 of the army of the Revolution, and that he was born 
 in Shawangunk, Ulster Co. During the war of 1812 
 he was appointed brigade-major in Gen. Hopkins' 
 brigade, and went to the lines. The dissolution of 
 the brigade destroyed his usefulness in that station, 
 and he volunteered under Gen. Hampton. In an en- 
 gagement with the enemy under Gen. Provost (Oct. 
 27, 1813) he was severely wounded, and recovered 
 with considerable difficulty. ( )n his return from the 
 army he resumed practice with William Ross (Ross 
 & Bate), and continued in his i)rofession until a short 
 time before his death, as the senior member of the 
 firm of Bate & McKissock. He was for several terms 
 supervisor of the town, and was especially useful as a 
 member of the board in the matter of the construc- 
 tion of the present court-houses of the county. In 
 1847 he was elected county judge under the new con- 
 .stitution, and served with credit to his profession. 
 His first wife was Harriet M. Isaacs ; his second, Mrs. 
 Polhamus, who survived him. He left no children, 
 and the bulk of his property went to his nephew. 
 
 1813. — Samuel W. Eager, Montgomery ; William 
 W. Sackett, Newburgh; John B. Booth, Goshen. 
 
 Samuel W. Eager was a native of Montgomery, 
 and he commenced practice there. He was a man of 
 excellent natural and acquired abilities, but having 
 been unfortunately appointed a justice of the peace 
 when a young man, he acquired habits of indolence 
 that were his besetting sin through life. He was 
 elected to Congress for the unexpired term of Hector 
 Craig in 1830. This, aside from local stations, — post- 
 master at Newburgh, police justice of Newburgh, 
 
 justice of the peace, etc., — was bis only public official 
 service. As a man and a citizen his character was 
 blameless. Through his " History of Orange County," 
 prepared in 1847, his name and memory have been 
 preserved in many households in his native county. 
 His wife was Catharine, daughter of John McAuley, 
 a merchant of Newburgh. He had four sons, — John 
 M., who practiced law in Newburgh, St. Louis, and 
 New York; Samuel W., now (if Racine, Wis. ; Frank, 
 and another. 
 
 William W- Sackett removed from Newburgh 
 to Sullivan County. He was more of a surveyor than 
 a lawj'er, and found in his new home successful em- 
 ployment. 
 
 John B. Booth, of Goshen, is referred to in another 
 connection. He was surrogate of the county from 
 1831 to 1840. 
 
 1814. — Peter F. Ilunn, Newburgh ; Charles Bor- 
 land, Jr., Montgomery. 
 
 Peter F. Hunn was the son of John S. Hunn and 
 Margaret Frenau, and was born May 20, 1794, at 
 Mount Pleasant, N. J. His ancestor, on his father's 
 side, was from Holland. His grandfather, Thomas 
 Hunn, married Catharine Van Emburgh, daughter of 
 Peregrim Van Emburgh and Amelia Provost, the 
 latter daughter of Bishop Johu Provost. On his 
 mother's side he was a descendant of Andre Fresneau 
 (now Freneau), who, with a large number of French 
 families, left France on the revocation of the Edict 
 of Nantes, in 1685, and settled in New Jersey. The 
 editor and poet Freneau of the Revolutionary era 
 was of this stock. He graduated at Columbia Col- 
 lege, and studied law in the office of Nathan San ford, 
 afterwards chancellor of the State. His father having 
 received the appointment of cashier of the Bank of 
 Newburgh (1811), he removed to Newburgh with him 
 and entered the office of Jonathan Fisk, where he re- 
 mained until admitted to the bar, when he removed 
 to Sullivan County and commenced the practice of 
 his profession. He was subsequently surrogate, mas- 
 ter in chancery, and district attorney of that cbunty, 
 the duties of which stations he ably and satisfactorily 
 performed. He removed to Newburgh in 1837, where 
 he remained until his death, pursuing his law practice 
 and discharging the duties of justice of the peace. 
 When not otherwise engaged he devoted attention to 
 the construction and copying of maps, and perfected 
 some wdiich were valuable. He was a man of varied 
 talents and attainments, and though he did not excel 
 in any particular branch, he exhibited excellence in 
 many. Had he not been a man of extreme modesty and 
 diffidence — evils that formed a part of his very nature 
 and attended him through life — he would have been 
 eminently successful either as a lawyer or a surveyor. 
 He enjoyed the respect of the community and all who 
 had his acquaintance. He died July 31, 1847, in his 
 fifty-fourth year. His wife was Maria T. Griffing, of 
 Monticello, by whom he had five children, — Mary, 
 Margaret, Catharine, Freneau (druggist in New York), 
 
148 
 
 IIISTOllV OF ORAN'GK COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 and John T. (at one time elerk in Tradesmen's 
 Bank). 
 
 Charles Boulan'd, Jjt.. of Montgomery, was a 
 descendant of one of the early settlers (]73(S) of that 
 town, and was for many years one of its most reputa- 
 ble citizens. He was surrogate in 1844, and special 
 surrogate in 1855. In 1821, and again in 1836, he was 
 elected member of Assembly. 
 
 1815.— Charles Monell, Goshen; Wheeler Case, 
 Newburgh ; Charles Humphrey, Newburgh ; L. W. 
 Buggies; Samuel J. Wilkin. 
 
 Charle-s Monell was a master and examiner in 
 chancery in 1830. He practiced at Goshen for many 
 years. 
 
 Wheeler Case and L. W. Euggles are not known 
 to have practiced law in the county, a remark which 
 will apply to others who were admitted to the bar. 
 
 Charles Humthrey removed to Ithaca on the 
 organization there of the Branch Bank of Newburgh, 
 with which he was connected. He was member of 
 Congress from the Tompkins district in 1825-27, and 
 member of Assembly, 1834-36, 1842. His wife was 
 Ann Eliza, daughter of Joseph and Sarah Belknap, 
 of New Windsor, of which town his ancestor, John 
 Humphrey, was one of the first settlers. 
 
 1816. — Leonard Mason ; Charles H. Buggies, New- 
 burgh; AlexanderT.Bodle, Goshen; Alexander Duer, 
 Goshen; Archibald Smith, Montgomery. 
 
 Leonard Mason removed to Poughkeepsle. 
 
 Charles H. Ruggles was circuit judge in 1831 ; 
 residence, Ponghkeepsie. 
 
 Alexander Duee was the brother of John Dner, 
 and has already been spoken of. 
 
 Alexander T. Bodle and Archibald Smith 
 enjoyed no special reputation. 
 
 1817.— George F. Tallman; Samuel G. Hopkins, 
 Goshen. 
 
 1818.— Thomas McKissock, Newburgh ; Albert S. 
 Benton, Goshen ; Alpheus Dimniick, Goshen ; James 
 Dill ; Ogden Hoffman, Goshen. 
 
 Thomas McKissock was the son of Thomas Mc- 
 Kissock, of Ayrshire, Scotland, who settled in Mont- 
 gomery prior to the war for independence. He was 
 born in Montgomery about 1790, and at the projjer 
 age commenced the study of medicine. This profes- 
 sion he abandoned, however, for that of the law, and 
 entered the office of Ross & Bate in 1815. Subse- 
 quently for many years he was associated with Judge 
 Bate, his tutor, under the firm-name of Bate & Mc- 
 Kissock. In 1847 he was appointed judge of the Su- 
 preme Court to close up the business of that court 
 under the old constitution, and discharged tlie duties 
 devolving upon him with great credit. In 1849 he 
 was elected representative in Congress. Very few 
 men enjoyed more fully the confidence of men of all 
 parties, and none to whose legal opinions greater 
 deference was conceded. Candor, ingenuousness, 
 manliness, and moral integrity were predominant 
 traits in his character. His wife was Elsie, daughter 
 
 of Joseph Belknap (sister to Mrs. Charles Humphrey). 
 She died in 1843. He had two children, — Thomas, 
 who removed to St. Louis, and Sophia (Mrs. Low- 
 den), who removed to Brooklyn. He died at St. An- 
 drew's, aged seventy-sixty years, two months, and nine 
 days. 
 
 Ogden Hoffman. — The name of Ogden Hofiman ' 
 deserves special notice among the eminent men who 
 have conferred lustre upon the Orange County bar. 
 Although for the last thirty years of his life a resident 
 of the city of New York, he is justly claimed also by 
 Orange County, from the tact that here he pursued his 
 legal studies, and commenced his brilliant professional 
 career. Ogden Hoffman was the son of another verj^ 
 eminent lawyer, Josiah Ogden Hoffman, and was born 
 in the city of New York in the year 1793. He had 
 commenced studying in his father's office when the 
 war of 1812, between the United States and Great 
 Britain, broke out, and at the first bugle-blast young 
 Hoffman entered into the service of his country as a 
 midshipman. He was the favorite midshipman and 
 aide to the gallant Decatur, and acquitted himself so 
 bravely as to have merited the highest encomiums of 
 that brave commander and his fellow-officers. He 
 was on board of the " President" with Decatur, in 
 January, 1815, when she was attacked by the " Endy- 
 mion," "Pomona," "Taredos," and "Majestic," not 
 far from the port of New York, and after an eight 
 hours' fight compelled to surrender. Hoffman was 
 sent to England as a prisoner, and was there confined 
 for six months. He subsequently served under De- 
 catur in the United States frigate " Guerriere" (forty- 
 four guns), in the war with the Algerines. In the 
 battle with the Algerine ship, the "Mesora" (sixty- 
 four guns), June 16, 1815, he was second in command 
 of the cutter which first boarded the Algerine, and 
 with his comrades was fighting the enemy on his own 
 decks when tlie other cutters came to their assistance. 
 On leaving the navy he came to Goshen, and pursued 
 his legal studies under John Duer, and immediately 
 upon his admission to the bar took a high stand in 
 his profession. He was soon appointed district attor- 
 ney of Orange County (1823), and also represented 
 that county in the State Legislature as member of 
 Assembly for one term (182G). In 1826 he removed 
 to the city of New York, where his brilliant talents 
 soon commanded for him the highest position. He 
 at first became a law partner of Hugh Maxwell. In 
 1828 lie was elected a member of the State Legisla- 
 ture for New York City, and rendered material ser- 
 vices in the revision of the statutes. From 1829 to 
 1836 he held the office of district attorney by appoint- 
 ment of the New York Common, Council. He was 
 then elected to Congress, and served two terms in the 
 House of Representatives. In 1841 lie was appointed 
 to the office of United States district attorney for the 
 Southern District of New York by President Harri- 
 son. Again, in 1848, he was elected to Congre.ss, and 
 subsequently filled the office of attorney-general of 
 
c£ykix:z:> 
 
BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 149 
 
 the State from 1854 to 1855. His active ami iisdul 
 career was terminated, May 1, 18")G, by ilcatli. Mr. 
 Hodinaii had no equal as an eloi)uent advocate, and 
 combined in his com]iosition all those eiigagiiif!; quali- 
 ties of heart and mind which nuike up the character 
 of the true gentleman. No man ever was more 
 lieartily loved by his fellows, or more sincerely 
 mourned. During his residence in Goshen he mar- 
 ried Emily, daughter of Jonathan Burrill, who at 
 that time was cashier of the Orange County Bank. 
 She was one of three sisters very celebrated in their 
 day for their beauty and attractions, one of whom, 
 Frances, married Murray Hoftman, and the other, 
 Caroline, became the wife of Henry Hone. The son 
 of .Mr. Hofl'man, Ogden HoH'man, Jr., is United States 
 district judge in California, and a second is Charles 
 Burrill HoH'man, now living in the city of New 
 York. 
 
 Albert S. Bexton was county clerk in 1838. 
 Concerning him we have no other information. 
 
 1822.— Gabriel W. Ludlum, Goshen; John W. 
 Knevels, Nevvburgh ; John VV. Brown, Nevvburgh. 
 
 John W. Knevels was the son of Dr. Adrian 
 Knevels, of Santa Cruz, W. I., and came hither with 
 his father, whose family was composed of John W., 
 Isaac, Augustus, Granville, and Maria. He studied 
 law under William Ross, and was for a time a.ssoci- 
 ated with him. Subsequently he gave no little atten- 
 tion to horticulture, established a nursery, and pub- 
 lished a monthly under the title of Tablets of Rural 
 Economy. He also edited the Newburgh Oazette, and 
 embellished his editorial articles with Greek types. 
 He failed in 1737, and removed to Fishkill, where he 
 died. His wife was Elizabetli, daughter of Daniel 
 Cromeline Verplanck, and sister of Gulian C. Vcr- 
 jjlanck. 
 
 John W. Brown was the strong man of the class 
 of 1822. He was born at Dundee, Scotland, Oct. 11, 
 1796 ; was brought to this country in 1801 by his 
 father, who settled first in Putnam County, but soon 
 after removed to what is now known as West New- 
 burgh, where he conducted a fulling-mill. Receiving 
 a good common-school education, but evincing stu- 
 dious habits and an inclination for the profession of 
 law, he entered the office of Jonatlian Fisk. For a 
 time, both before and after his admission to the bar, 
 he took considerable interest in military matters, be- 
 came captain of the " Bell-Button Company," and 
 subsequently colonel of the. militia of the district. He 
 was early appointed justice of the peace, and from 
 1821 to 182.5 was clerk of the board of village trus- 
 tees. In 1832 he was elected member of Congress, 
 and re-elected in 1834. He was a faithful, but not 
 especially a brilliant, representative. In the political 
 discussions following his last election he became a 
 strong opponent of the " Albany Regency," which 
 controlled the Democratic party. The Constitutional 
 Convention of 1840 was the outgrowth of this dis- 
 cussion, and in that Convention he took an active 
 
 part as one of the delegates from Orange (!ourily. In 
 1849 he was elected justice of the Supreme Court for 
 the Second Judicial District for the term of eiglit years. 
 In November, 1857, he was re-elected, and served an 
 additional term of eight years, the last years of each 
 term having been spent as an a.ssociate judge of the 
 Court of Appeals. Not one of his decisions as judge 
 was ever reversed by the C!ourt of Api)eals, notwitli- 
 standing the I'act that in several instances doubtl'ul 
 and intricate points of law were involved. His de- 
 cision in the case of the seven million canal loan was 
 especially in opposition to a strong element in public 
 opinion. Distinguished as he was as an advocate, lie 
 became far more distinguished as a judge. In many 
 resjiects he was ])eculiar. Very few men had a keener 
 appreciation of the value of money than he, and it 
 was for this reason that he was a moderate man in his 
 charges for legal services, and equally moderate in his 
 expenditures. Penurious he never wa.s, — the rapacity 
 of many was not in his composition; had it been, 
 abun<lant wealth, instead of a simi)le competency, 
 would have resulted I'rom his jiracticc. He was a 
 gentleman in the strictest sense, and all his business 
 intercourse with his fellow-men was marked by the 
 most thorough integrity. Astrong man when aroused 
 in any emergency, — one who could sway a jury and 
 awe a mob, — he was remarkably kind and sensitive. 
 His wife was Eliza, daughter of Selali Reeve, ("has. 
 F. Brown, at present judge of the County Court, is his 
 son. 
 
 Samukl Jones Wilkin.— The progenitor of the 
 Wilkin family in Orange County, N. Y., of whom the 
 subject of this sketch is great-grandson, was John 
 Wilkin, who was of Welsh birth, and settled at or 
 near Enniskillen, Ireland, soon after the conquest of 
 that country by William, Prince of Orange, in l(i88. 
 In 1728, with his wife and three children, William, 
 James, and Ann, he settled in the town of Shawan- 
 gunk, Ulster Co., N. Y. (now town of Montgomery, 
 Orange Co.), on a tract of .500 acres of land. He had 
 born to him, after his arrival in America, children, — 
 John, George, Joseph, Jason, Jane, Elizabeth, Lydia, 
 Mary, and Susan. He died in the occupation of his 
 farm. 
 
 William, eldest son, born .Ian. 20, 1720, married 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter of John Rogers, who married a 
 
 I Miss Ogden, and who removed from Rye, Westchester 
 
 Co., and settled in Wallkill, when their daughter was 
 
 young. 
 
 After his marriage William Wilkin settled in Wall- 
 kill. He was a man of limited education, but pos- 
 sessed a strong mind, a retentive memory, and in 
 those days of real log cabins he was very much 
 esteemed by his neighbors, and often served them in 
 settling their accounts when difficulties arose among 
 them. 
 
 He reared a large family of children, who married 
 with members of the oldest and most respectable 
 families of Orange County, and many of their de- 
 
150 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 scendants have been prominent and influential mem- 
 bers of society. The family of William Wilkin were 
 among the early members of the Creeder Church at 
 Neelytown. 
 
 The children of William Wilkin were Sarah, John, | 
 William, Jane, Daniel, George, Gen. James W., 
 Robert, Joseph, and Elizabeth, most of whom lived 
 to old age. 
 
 One brother of William Wilkin, George, was taken 
 prisoner at Fort Montgomery, and died in the old 
 Sugar-House prison in New York during the Revo- 
 lutionary war. 
 
 Gen. James W., son of William Wilkin, was an 
 influential citizen and lawyer during the early days 
 of the Republic, and was prominently identified with 
 the civil, political, and military history of Orange 
 County nearly his whole life. He was graduated at 
 Princeton under President Witherspoon. 
 
 He was appointed captain-lieutenant of a com- 
 pany of artillery in a brigade of Orange County 
 militia, July 3, 17S7, by Governor Clinton, and again 
 March 16, 1792. He was appointed by the same Gov- 
 ernor lieutenant-colonel of a regiment of artillery. 
 May 19, 1803, and subsequently, by Governor Mor- 
 gan Lewis, brigadier-general of the Second Brigade of 
 Artillery. 
 
 He was appointed an attorney in the Ulster County 
 Court of Common Pleas in 1789 by Judge Derk Wyn 
 Koop, having been admitted to practice law in Orange 
 County the previous year. 
 
 He was State senator from the Middle District in 
 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, '11, 12, '13, and '14, and by 
 virtue of his position as senator he was elected by the 
 Assembly a member of the " Council of Appointment," 
 Jan. 30, 1802, again on Jan. 30, 1811, and a third 
 time Jan. 12, 1813. 
 
 He was a member of Assembly from Orange in 
 1808, 1809, and for the latter session was chosen 
 speaker of the House. 
 
 Gen. Wilkin was president of the Legislative caucus 
 which nominated De Witt Clinton for President of the 
 United States, and was a member of the Fourteenth 
 and Fifteenth Congresses of the United States from 
 Orange, and after the close of his Congressional career 
 he served Orange County from 1819 to 1821 inclusive 
 as county clerk, and also for several years as county 
 treasurer. 
 
 He was a candidate against Rufus King for the 
 United States Senate, and was defeated for the nomi- 
 nation by a single vote. 
 
 He was a large man of fine presence. He was a 
 man of strictly moral character and temperate habits, 
 and was one of the pillars of the Presbyterian Church 
 at Goshen, of which he was for many years an elder. 
 He was exceedingly courteous and polite in manners, 
 and generally amiable, although possessing a terrible 
 temper when aroused. He was always deferential to 
 the ladies, for whom in general he entertained the 
 highest respect. 
 
 His wife was Hannah, daughter of Roger Town- 
 send, of Goshen, who bore him the following chil- 
 dren: William, a private secretary of one of the Gov- 
 ernors of the State ; James W. ; Eliza Maria, wife of 
 Wheeler Case, a lawyer at Goshen, and surrogate of 
 Orange, 1823-27; Sally, who died unmarried; Caro- 
 line, wife of Hull Tuthill, a lawyer at Goshen, and 
 after his death wife of John W. A. Brewster, of Maine, 
 who died, leaving an only son. Rev. Charles A. Brew- 
 ster, of Newark, N. J.; Samuel J., subject of this 
 sketch ; Frances, wife of John I. Thompson, of Go- 
 shen, who has one son. Rev. J. J. Thompson, a grad- 
 uate of Princeton College. 
 
 Samuel J., sou of Gen. James W. Wilkin, was born 
 at Goshen, Dec. 17, 1793, and died March 11, 1866, in 
 his native place, where he resided his whole life, ex- 
 cept a short time, about the year 1838, spent in the 
 city of New York, where he resided and practiced his 
 profession ; but owing to failing health he was obliged 
 to return to his native county. 
 
 He married, July 18, 1816, Sarah (r., daughter of 
 Col. David M. Westcott, one of the early journalists 
 of Goshen. She was born May 29, 1796. 
 
 Their children were Mary, wife of Joseph G. Ellis, 
 of Mobile, born Oct. 14, 1817, died shortly after her 
 marriage, Oct. 10, 1842; Col. Alexander, born Dec. 1, 
 1819, was a lawyer in New York City. He served as 
 captain in the Mexican war, and in 1849 settled at 
 St. Paul, Minn., and resumed the practice of the law. 
 He was there appointed Secretary of the Territory, 
 and held the office until the incoming of President 
 Pierce's administration in 1853. L^pon the breaking 
 out of the Rebellion in 1861 he was elected to the 
 captaincy of the first company of the first regiment 
 raised in the State for the war ; for gallantry at tli^ 
 battle of Bull Run was made captain in the regular 
 army; subsequently was appointed major in tlie Sec- 
 ond Regiment, then its lieutenant-colonel, and upon 
 the organization of the Ninth Regiment he was ap- 
 pointed, by Governor Ramsey, its colonel, which posi- 
 tion he was gallantly filling at the time of his death, 
 although acting, as he had done for some time, as a 
 brigadier-general. He was a brave soldier and an 
 accomplished gentleman, and was killed July 14, 
 1864, at the battle of Tupelo, Miss. 
 
 The remaining children were Charles, born Jan. 9, 
 1822, was killed accidentally while out hunting, Oct. 
 22, 1839; Westcott, born Jan. 4, 1824, a graduate of 
 Princeton in the class of 1843, is now serving his third 
 term, of seven years each, as judge of the District 
 Court of Minnesota, and was a candidate on the 
 minority ticket for chief justice of that State in 1874; 
 William, born March 20, 1826, died May 12,1839; 
 Samuel Jones, died young; Hannah, born July 23, 
 1829, died May 22, 1839; and Sarah Westcott, born 
 Jan. 2, 1838, is the wife of Roswell C. Coleman, a 
 lawyer of Goshen, who, as a meniberofthe "American 
 Rifle Team" which visited Ireland in 1875, took first 
 rank among the marksmen of the worlil. 
 
BENCH AND BAIL 
 
 151 
 
 In the profession to which Samuel J. Wilkin devoted 
 most of his active life, he was eminent as a successful 
 and eloquent advocate, an able and a learned and skill- 
 ful lawyer. He was all through his life marked as a 
 man of sterling virtues and liigli-toned integrity of 
 principle. None who knew him well could doubt 
 either the incorruptible honesty or the stainless honor 
 of the man. 
 
 He was carefully and thoroughly educated, and 
 graduated at Princeton College before reacliing his 
 majority. He studied law with his fethor, was ap- 
 pointed an attorney, Oct. 26, 1815, by Hon. Smith 
 Thompson, chief justice of the Supreme Court, and 
 counselor and solicitor by Chancellor Kent, Feb. 1, 
 1822. 
 
 He very soon attracted notice by his skill as an 
 advocate, and at an age when most young meu are 
 climbing slowly up the first steps of the ladder of dis- 
 tinction he had already won an enviable reputation 
 as a member of the bar of his native county. His 
 first efforts were made against some of the ablest and 
 most eloquent men of the State, and he was suc- 
 cessful. 
 
 While still a young man he devoted much attention 
 to political matters, and became a leader of his party 
 in the county. He was elected member of Assembly 
 in 182-1—25, when such an election was sought by the 
 ablest men, and held a high position for talent in that 
 body. 
 
 He was engaged mainly after this in his profes- 
 sional labors at Goshen until he was elected a member 
 of the Twenty-second Congress of the United States, 
 where he served with honor. He resumed his prac- 
 tice after the close of his term in Congress, which he 
 continued until 1S48-49, when he served as State sena- 
 tor, and in that body became the acknowledged head 
 and leader of hia party. His record in the senate 
 journal is bright with exhibitions of eloquence and 
 talent of a high order. 
 
 This was the end of Mr. Wilkin's official career, 
 except to serve as canal appraiser, appointed July 1, 
 1850. 
 
 In 1844, Mr. Wilkin was a candidate for Lieutenant- 
 Governor of the State on the Whig ticket, with Mil- 
 lard Fillmore as candidate for Governor, but the 
 Locofoeo ticket prevailed that year, and Silas Wright 
 and Addison Gardner were elected for these oflices. 
 
 The talents of Mr. Wilkin were of a high order as 
 an advocate, and some of his addresses to juries in 
 important cases were fine specimens of professional 
 skill and impassioned eloquence. 
 
 He was a ripe and sound lawyer, and had carefully 
 studied and mastered tiie foundation principles on 
 which the science of the law reposes. 
 
 He brought into the practice of the profession the 
 highest style of integrity, and never swerved from it 
 under the presence of temptation. 
 
 He was a close classical student, and Ibuud time to 
 ]iursiie the studies wliich had deliglited his vouth in 
 
 I the midst of his jirofessional labors. He studied the 
 principles of government and politics with great care 
 and eminent success, and always took a deep interest 
 in public affairs. He was a man eminently simple in 
 his tastes, manners, and habits of life, kind and genial 
 in his intercourse, and a devoted member of the 
 j Presbyterian Church at Goshen, of which he served 
 for many years as elder. 
 
 John G. Wilkin. — William, son of William Wil- 
 kin referred to in the sketch of Samuel J. Wilkin, 
 and brother of Gen. James W. Wilkin, was grand- 
 father of our subject, succeeded to a part of the home- 
 stead in Wallkill, now Hamptonburgh, containing 
 ! 200 acres, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits 
 during his life, and then died about 1823 aged seventy- 
 four years. He commanded a company of militia 
 during the Revolutionary war, and ajjpears to have 
 acted as a minute man, ready to be called out for ser- 
 vice upon the shortest notice. 
 
 His wife, Sarah Crans, was of Huguenot stock, her 
 ancestors settling in Ulster County, from Holland. 
 Both were buried in the old grayeyard at Neelytown, 
 where they were members of the church. 
 
 Their children were John, Joseph, Adam, Daniel, 
 Marshall, Mary (wife of Gawn Mackinson), Sally 
 (wife of Adam Shafer), Esther (wife of Benjamin 
 Hornbeck), Susan (wife of Luther Hornbeck), and 
 Eliza, who married a Mr. McKinney. 
 
 Of these children, Daniel, father of Judge John G. 
 Wilkin, was born in 1784, and died in 1860. He 
 served as a soldier in the war of 1812 on Staten 
 Island. 
 
 For five years following his marriage he resided in 
 Shawangunk, Ulster Co., after which time until his 
 decease he resided upon a part of the homestead of 
 his father, to which he succeeded by inheritance. He 
 led a quiet and uneventful life as a farmer, was never 
 ambitious for political place in his town, was a pro- 
 moter of religious work and good society, and both 
 himself and wife were members of the Associate Re- 
 formed Church at Neelytown, of which his ancestors 
 had also been members, and afterwards of the Cov- 
 enanter Church at Coldenham. 
 
 His wife was.Harriet, daughter of John B. Haines, 
 of Coldenham, Orange Co., formerly from Connec- 
 ticut, afterwards from Long Island, and whose ances- 
 tors were of English birth. She died in 1870, aged 
 seventy-six years. 
 
 Their children are Susan A., widow of John A. 
 McWilliams, of Elmira; Abbey (deceased), was the 
 wife of Cornelius Hornbeck, of Ulster County ; Judge 
 John G. ; Moses B. ; Daniel F., a lawyer in Nashville,. 
 Tenn. ; and Joseph M., a lawyer at Montgomery, 
 Orange Co. 
 
 Judge John G. Wilkin was born Oct. 22, 1818. As 
 early as eight years of age young Wilkin, under the 
 advice of his teacher, was set to learning the rudi- 
 ments of the Latin language, with the supposed in- 
 tention of his parents of eventually preparing him 
 
152 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 for the ministry. This study he pursued dilijjently 
 for four j'ears, and made such rapid progress that, 
 under the old preparatory course, he had read as far 
 as Horace when his teacher removed to other parts, 
 and for tlie time being the Latin was virtually aban- 
 doned. For several years afterwards he remained at 
 home engaged in farm work. At the age of seven- 
 teen he was called from Montgomery Academy, where 
 he was attending school, to take charge of the school 
 at home as teacher, which he successfully conducted, 
 and for a part of three years thereafter further prose- 
 cuted his studies at the academy, going from home 
 daily on horseback and on foot, a distance of four 
 miles. He was subsequently a teacher at Monticello, 
 N. Y., and while there, in 1838, began the study of 
 law in the office of Judge Wm. B. Wright, of that 
 place, who afterwards became a judge of the Supreme 
 Court and of the Court of Appeals in this State. 
 Alter two years' study with Judge Wright, Mr. Wil- 
 kin became a law student with Gen. A. C. Niven, of 
 Monticello, one of the most eminent lawyers of the 
 State, where he completed his law studies, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar at the October term of the Supreme 
 Court, held at Rochester, N. Y., in 1842. He was 
 admitted as counselor in 184-5. 
 
 On the Ifith of January, 1843, following his ad- 
 mission as attorney, he opened a law-office in Middle- 
 town, where he has continued the successful practice 
 of his profession since, a period of thirty-eight years. 
 
 Mr. Wilkin was appointed brigadier judge-advocate 
 of artillery in 1842, and served until the militia sys- 
 tem of the State was abolished. He was appointed 
 an examiner in chancery by Governor Bouck in 1843, 
 and held the office until it was abolished by the new 
 constitution in 1846. He was elected, and was the 
 first special county judge of Orange County under the 
 law creating that office, and was elected and held the 
 office of county judge from 1852 to 1856 ; was one of 
 five commissioners on every commission chosen to 
 assess damages in the construction of the Hudson 
 River Railroad from Greenbush to and below Castle- | 
 ton, and is the attorney of the North River Railroad 
 Company. 
 
 Judge Wilkin has been a director of and attorney 
 for the Middletown Bank (now Middletown National 
 Bank) since 1849; vice-president since 1855, and for j 
 some time was its acting president. He was one of 
 the charter members of the Middletown Savings- 
 Bank, and has been one of its board of trustees and 
 attorney for the bank since its organization. 
 
 He was appointed revenue collector of the Eleventh 
 District of New York upon the creation of the office in i 
 1861, and held the office until 1869, when he resigned. 
 
 Judge Wilkin was among the foremost and most 
 active in Orange County, during the late civil war, in 
 raising and equipping troops for service, and gave his 
 full support in time and means for the Union cause. 
 
 He married, Feb. 20, 1850, Louisa, daughter of Na- 
 thaniel Coolev, of Middletown. 
 
 Their children are John, studied law with his father, 
 was admitted to the bar in 1876, and is practicing his 
 profession in his native village ; Dr. Charles H. was 
 graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
 New Y'ork City, subsequently at the New Y^ork Hos- 
 pital, and is a successful practitioner of medicine and 
 surgery in New York City. 
 
 Judge Wilkin is a man of positive and progressive 
 views, and he has always had the courage of his con- 
 victions. He has never hesitated to espouse a cause 
 if convinced that it was right, and he has never per- 
 sisted in it through false ])ride if satisfied that he was 
 wrong. Though the bent of his intellect inclines him 
 to consider public questions in their broader aspects, 
 and with reference to their remote and ultimate bear- 
 ings, he has never been a mere theorist or dortrlnaire. 
 On the contrary, his prudent counsels and practical 
 sagacity have always commanded the respect and in- 
 fluenced the judgment of his fellow-citizens. 
 
 Judge Wilkin is an eminently successful lawyer. 
 His aid is sought in every important case which arises 
 in his community. At the same time he has never 
 aimed to promote vexatious and expensive litigation, 
 and he possesses the entire confidence of his clients, 
 of the courts, and of the public. 
 
 Joseph M. Wilkis. — Mr. AVilkiu is descended 
 from a family who represent four distinct nationalities, 
 the German, French, Irish and Scotch, a detailed 
 account of which is given in the sketch of Samuel J. 
 Wilkin in this work. His grandfather, William 
 Wilkin, was a resident of Hamptonburgh township, 
 in Orange County, where his life was spent in farming 
 pur-suits and where his death occurred. 
 
 Among his large family of children was Daniel, who 
 was born on the homestead and inherited his father's 
 love for agricultural employments. He located in 
 Hamptonburgh, and was married to Miss Harriet 
 Haines, daughter of David Haines, of Montgomery. 
 To this marriage six children were born, — John G., 
 Moses B., Daniel F., Joseph M., and two daughters, 
 Susan (Mrs. McWilliams) and Abbie (Mrs. Horn- 
 beck), now deceased. 
 
 The birth of Joseph M. occurred April 18, 1828, at 
 the paternal home in Hamptonburgh, where he re- 
 mained until his fourteenth year, meanwhile turning 
 his willing hands to farm labor or devoting his time 
 to study at the district school. Being desirous to ac- 
 quire a more thorough education than was possible 
 within the confines of his own township, he entered 
 the academy at Montgomery, and there prepared for 
 college, having been admitted to the junior class of 
 Union College, Schenectady, N. Y'., in 1846, from 
 which he was graduated in 1848, standing fifth in his 
 class, and becoming a member of the Phi Beta Kappa 
 Society. He soon after eng.aged in teaching at the 
 Kinsley Mathematical and Classical School at West 
 Point, where three years were spent. Later the 
 priucipalship of the academy at Montgomery was 
 accejjted, where an additional three years was passed 
 
- — jU/^' tyft. ^^T-tx^ 
 
 The ancestors of the Grier family were of Scotch origin, 6ed 
 to the north of Irehind during the persecution of the Presby- 
 terians in Scotland, and the grandfather of Maj. Grior, a Pres- 
 byterian minister, is supposed to be the progenitor of the family 
 in Orange County, and who is known to have resided and 
 preached in Wilmington, Del. His son was Rev. Thomas Grier, 
 a well-known Presbyterian clergyman of Lancaster, Pa., who 
 settled as pastor at Westtown, Orange Co., in ISOS, where he 
 preached for many years, and about 1S36 died in his pulpit at 
 Cold Spring, Putnam Co., N. Y. 
 
 The children of Rev. Thomas Grier were "William ; Maj. 
 George M. ; Smith, was a merchant in Chambersburg, Pa., where 
 he died about 1870 ; Hon. Thomas Evans, a merchant at Pitts- 
 ton, Pa., has been several terms a representative in the State 
 Legislature; Washington Decatur, was a physician, and died 
 in Kentucky ; Jane, was the wife of John Wallace, of Milford, 
 Pa.; and John D. Grier, of Chambersburg, Pa., a merchant, 
 and connected with the Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 Maj. George M., son of Rev. Thomas Grier, was born in Lan- 
 caster County, Pa., Sept. 27, 1802, and was therefore six years 
 of age when his parents settled in Orange County. His early 
 education was received under the careful instruction of his 
 father. At the age of eighteen he began the study of law with 
 Hon. I. R. Van Duzer, a prominent lawyer of Goshen, was 
 admitted to practice as an attorney at the October term of the 
 Supreme Court in 1826, and was associated until 1834 with 
 Mr. Van Duzer in law practice. 
 
 He was appointed surrogate of Orange County by Governor 
 William 11. Seward, Feb. 7, 1840, and creditably discharged the 
 duties of that office for several years. Being related to the 
 Seward family by marriage, he was made one of the executors 
 of the late Samuel S. Seward's will, and had the principal 
 charge of the estate. 
 
 He was appointed major in the old State militia by Maj.- 
 Gen. Gilbert 0. Fowler, of Newburgb, by wliich title he was 
 
 familiarly known to the people of Goshen. He had a fondness 
 for agricultural pursuits, and spent considerable time in the 
 management of his farm, which lay just outside the limits of 
 the village. He was, from its organization, a director of the 
 Goshen National Bank, a trustee and member of the Presby- 
 terian Church at Goshen, and for nearly forty years officiated 
 as clerk of the board of trustees. 
 
 Maj. Grier was a liberal, public-spirited citizen, and highly 
 respected for his integrity and frankness in all the bui^iness 
 relations of life. He was prominently identified with local 
 and State polities, and was chosen to fill many places of trust 
 and responsibility at home. He was chosen a delegate to the 
 Pittsburg Convention that placed Gen. Fremont in nomination 
 for the Presidency of the United States in 1856, and he was 
 also chosen one of the Presidential electors of New York at the 
 November election in 1860. Maj. Grier died Dec. 20, 1878, 
 Ilis wife was Frances, daughter of Frecgift and Elizabeth 
 (Sweezy) Tuthill, of Goshen, whom he married Aug. 7, 1S33. 
 She was born Jan. 16, 1804, and died Feb. 7, 1860. Her mother, 
 Elizabeth Sweezy, was a niece of the late Judge Samuel S. 
 Seward, and cousin of Hon. William H. Seward. Her father, 
 Freegift Tuthill (for many years a merchant in Goshen), was 
 son of Joshua and grandson of Freegift Tuthill, who was born 
 on Long Island, Aug. S, 1698, married Abigail Goldsmith, who 
 bore him three sons and one daughter, and removed to Orange 
 County about the year 1733 with his family. lu the history of 
 Cornwall and Blooming-Grove, members of the Tuthill family 
 are mentioned as taking an active part in the public affairs of 
 the towns as early as 1765-67. 
 
 The last-named Freegift Tuthill was a son of John, and grand- 
 son of John Tuthill, who was born July 16, 1635, and is sup- 
 posed to have been the progenitor of the family on Long Island 
 from England. 
 
 The surviving children of Maj. Grier are George and Thomas 
 E., merchants in Goahen, and two daughters, Mary and Frances, 
 
BENCH AND BAK. 
 
 153 
 
 as instructor. Mr. Wilkin having determined upon 
 the t-hnice of a profession, entered the National Law 
 School at Poughkeepsie, then a popular institution 
 under the direction of John W. Fowler, from which 
 lie graduated in 1854, having previously studied under 
 the direction of Robert Proudfit, Escj., of Newljurgh. 
 At a general term iif the Supreme Court held at New- 
 burgh, N. Y., in June, 1854, he was admitted to jirac- 
 tice in all the courts of the State of New York. 
 
 In October of the same year he removed to the 
 South, and having been admitted to practice in all the 
 courts of Tennessee, located at Nashville in that 
 State. Here he became extensively engaged in pro- 
 fessional labor, and remained thus employed until 
 1861. Mr. Wilkin was an unflinching advocate of 
 the cause of the Union, and popular feeling through- 
 out the South at the opening of the late war rendered 
 a further residence at Nashville impracticable. He 
 returned to Montgomery, and was, Nov. 6, 1861, 
 married to Miss Catherine, daughter of Harvey D. 
 Copley, of Montgomery. Their children are Louise 
 C, John Flavel, Harriet and Joseph M. 
 
 During the year 1865 the company was organized 
 for the construction of the Montgomery and Erie 
 Railroad, of which Mr. Wilkin was elected president. 
 
 He devoted his energies for two years to the build- 
 ing of this road, of which he was general superin- 
 tendent until 1872, and is still the efficient president. 
 He, in 1871, resumed professional labor in Mont- 
 gomery, and is now engaged in active practice. He 
 is also a director of the National Bank at Walden. 
 
 Mr. Wilkin is an earnest advocate of the principles 
 of the Republican party in politics. He was edu- 
 cated in the faith of the Presbyterian denomination, 
 and still worships with that church. 
 
 1823. — Daniel H. Tuthill, Goshen; Isaac R. Van 
 Duzer, Goshen. 
 
 Isaac R. Van Duzer. — The late Hon. Isaac Reeve 
 Van Duzer was born in the town of Cornwall, Orange 
 Co., May 8, 1802. His father, Isaac Van Duzer, was 
 of the old Dutch blood that first settled this State, and 
 was one of the pmminent business men of that locality, 
 and possessed many of the same strong elements (jf 
 mind and character afterwards displayed by his son. 
 His mother's name was Keturah Reevs. After re- 
 ceiving a good academic education, Isaac R. Van 
 Duzer studied law with William A. Seely, Esq., a dis- 
 tinguished lawyer of New York City, and was ad- 
 mitted to practice in the Supreme Court, Aug. 15, 
 1823. He was rarely gifted both in mind and person 
 for the honorable profession which he had chosen, and 
 soon found that he had made no mistake in his choice. 
 He commenced the work of his profession at his native 
 place, but partly influenced by a desire for a more 
 central field of action, and partly influenced by the 
 friendship of Gen. George Wickham, the president of 
 the Orange County Bank at that time, he moved to 
 Goshen, the county-seat, about 1826. He was married 
 Dec. 14, 1826, to Annie E. Gedney, daughter of Dr. 
 11 
 
 Gedney, of Newburgh, and shortly afterwards he pur- 
 chased the old Hurtin homestead of Mr. Aspinwall, 
 of New York, where he resided for the rest of his life, 
 and where his family still live. He soon took and re- 
 tained a commanding position in his prcifession, and 
 his practice extended through this county and the 
 neighboring counties on all sides. For some years 
 the late Hon. George M. Grier was associated in busi- 
 ness with him. In 1833 he became one of the firm of 
 Van Duzer & Sharpe, associating with himself Wil- 
 liam F. Sharpe, Esq., who still survives him as the 
 Nestor of the county bar. He served as district at- 
 torney for some years, resigning the office in 1835. 
 He is said to have been equally at home in his office- 
 work and before the courts, and to have been able to 
 dictate two bills in chancery by alternate lines at the 
 same time. He was one of the original incorporators 
 of the Orange County Mutual Insurance Company. 
 He was one of the directors of the ()range County 
 Bank, and a vestryman of St. James' Episcopal Church 
 for many years. 
 
 Mr. Van Duzer, soon after his entrance into profes- 
 sional life, commenced to take a strong personal inter- 
 est in the politics of the day, and was closely and 
 prominently identified with the local political move- 
 ments. He possessed, in a rare degree, the gift of 
 oratory, and whether presenting a technical point of 
 legal logic, or entreating with a jury for the life of 
 his fellow-man, or debating the political questions of 
 the day, he is said to have been equally ready and 
 successful. He represented his district in the State 
 Assembly during the sessions of 1832 and 1833, and 
 there made conspicuous his abilities of tongue and 
 pen. In the session of 1833, as chairman of the com- 
 mittee on Ways and Means, he made a report on the 
 subject of the State canals and the proper disposition 
 of the revenues arising from them. 
 
 His position on this and other questions brought 
 him into collision with the powerful Albany regency 
 who then controlled the j)olicy of the State govern- 
 ment. He was fearless and outspoken in his able 
 denunciations of what he believed to be the misman- 
 agement of the public funds and other matters, and 
 the regency in return made open war upon him 
 through their organs in Albany and Orange County. 
 
 In view of the personal and bitter nature of these 
 attacks, Mr. Van Duzer felt called upon to vindicate 
 himself by legal proceedings, and he finally succeeded 
 in fully punishing his assailants both at home and in 
 Albany. In 1834 the Whig ticket, on which he was 
 a candidate for re-election, was defeated in State and 
 county. 
 
 Some years before this Mr. Van Duzer had been 
 identified with the administration party. In 1832, 
 President Jackson had vetoed the bill which had 
 passed Congress extending the charter of the United 
 States Bank, and in 1833 had caused the removal of 
 public funds from that bank to certain State banks. 
 These measures gave rise to great public excitement 
 
154 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 at the time Whatever may be concluded by the dis- 
 interested .•^tudent of history as to the justice of the 
 President's opposition to the United States Bank, there 
 seems to be little doubt of the great injustice of the 
 arbitrary methods pursued by him in attacking it. 
 This alienated many supporters of the President and 
 strengthened the opposing party. About this time 
 Mr. Van Duzer became one of the prominent leaders 
 among the Whigs or anti-regencj' men of this county. 
 With him in this movement may be grouped, among 
 other's, Gen. Wickham, George M. Grier, Albert S. 
 Benton, Judge Fullerton, and Joseph Davis. 
 
 He lived to see the party of his later choice become 
 triumphant in State and nation, for William H. Sew- 
 ard, formerly of this county, was elected Governor in 
 1839, and a Whig President, Harrison, was elected' in 
 1840. 
 
 Mr. Van Duzer died of consumption, Nov. 27, 1841, 
 in the fortieth year of his life. It is the unanimous 
 verdict of those living who remember him that he 
 would probably have attained very high public honors 
 if his life and health had been prolonged to the years 
 of old age. The general impression of those now 
 living who were brought into personal contact with 
 . him is, that he was one of the most' impressive and 
 magnetic men of his day, that he was an orator of rare 
 powers of eloquence and logic and gifted with a mag- 
 nificent voice, that he was studious, jialnstaking, and 
 honorable in the practice of his profession, and withal 
 one of the most successful lawyers that (_)range County 
 has known. 
 
 He left surviving him five children, — Charlotte, who 
 married the late J. W. Gott, Esq. ; Kitty, who married 
 Henry Strong, Esq., now president of the Bank of 
 Green Bay, Wisconsin ; George W., who died in early 
 manhood; the Hon. G. Gedney, a promising young 
 lawyer, who died in 18r>9 ; and Isaac R., who became a 
 merchant in New York City, and died in 1875. 
 
 1824. — Theodore S. Fisk, Newburgh ; James D. 
 Bull, Philip Millspaugh, Montgomery. 
 
 1825. — Agricola Wilkin, Cxoshen ; Abraham Crist, 
 Montgomery ; E. C. Sutherland, Cornwall ; James G. 
 Clinton, Newburgh; Benjamin H. Mace, Newburgh. 
 
 Benjamin H. Mace, although an active politician, 
 had little legal practice. He was postmaster of New- 
 burgh, and an inspector of State prisons. He also 
 held several local positions. In his latter years he 
 devoted attention to real estate and to grape culture. 
 He died Nov. 21, 1879, in his seventy-seventh year. 
 
 James G. Clinton was the son of Gen. James 
 Clinton, of New Windsor, and half-brother to DeWitt 
 Clinton. He was a master in chancery, and a rep- 
 resentative in Congress. He died May 28, 1849, in 
 his forty-fifth year. 
 
 E. C. Sl'THERLAXD was for many years in suc- 
 cessful local practice at Cornwall. 
 
 Abraham Ckist removed to William.sburgh. 
 
 1826. — William C. Hasbrouck, Newburgh ; George 
 M. Grier Goshen. 
 
 William C Hasbrouck was a descendant of 
 Abraham Hasbrouck, who settled at New Paltz in 
 1675. He was born Aug. 28, 1800; married Mary E., 
 daughter of William Roe, June 28, 18.31 ; died No- 
 vember, 1870. He graduated at Union College at 
 the same time William H. Seward was an under- 
 graduate, and soon after removed to Franklin, Tenn., 
 where he became principal of the academy founded 
 by Bishop Otey. Among his pupils and friends there 
 were many then and since distinguished in the his- 
 tory of the nation, among whom were John Bell, Sam 
 Houston, Felix Grundy, Andrew Jackson, and Mat- 
 thew F. Maury. Returning to the North, he became 
 principal of the Farmers' Hall Academy, at Goshen, 
 in 1822, and commenced there the study of law with 
 Mr. Wisner. He completed his legal studies with 
 William Ross, in Newburgh ; was admitted to the bar 
 in 1826, and rose rajddly to rank in his profession. 
 He was frequently the candidate of his party for po- 
 litical honors; but, his party being in the minority in 
 the district, he was without success. He was, how- 
 ever, elected to the Assembly of 1847, and was chosen 
 Speaker of that body. He was a man of high bear- 
 ing, spotless character, and a chivalric sense of honor 
 and duty ; few men enjoyed a more unblemished repu- 
 tation, both at home and abroad. In jierson he was 
 tall and slender, of attractive presence, and courteous 
 manners ; liberal in his charities ; American in every 
 aspiration of his nature. 
 
 Mr. Hasbrouek's oldest son, William H., is a prac- 
 ticing lawyer. His second son, Henry C, graduated 
 at West Point Military Academy, May, 1861 ; served 
 as lieutenant under Capt. Griffin, Fifth Artillery, 
 U.S.A., in first Bull Run, also at Miner's Hill and 
 Newport News ; promoted captain Fourth Artillery, 
 and in service in the Modoc campaign. Roe, his third 
 son, graduated at Harvard College in 1876; since de- 
 ceased. 
 
 1827. — Alsop Woodward. 
 
 1828.— John E. Phillips. Brookfield ; Coe S. Brad- 
 ner, Mount Hope. 
 
 1830.— Wm. F. Sharp, Goshen ; Joseph V. Whalen, 
 Montgomery; William J. Street. 
 
 Joseph V. Whalex is referred to in connection 
 with his father. Dr. Whalen, of Montgomery. 
 
 1831.— Wm. B. Wright, Newburgh ; Nathan West- 
 cott, Goshen ; Chas. Mason, Newburgh. 
 
 Chas. Mason studied law in Newburgh after 
 graduating at West Point. He subsequently removed 
 to Wisconsin. 
 
 Nathan Westcott was the son of David M. 
 Westcott, for many years connected with the press of 
 Goshen. He was county clerk in 1849. For several 
 years of his life he suffered from paralysis of his 
 limbs, resulting from being accidentally thrown from 
 a wagon, and the distinction which he might have 
 attained at the bar was defeated. He died in 1879. 
 
 Wm. B. Weight was the son of Samuel Wright 
 and Martha Brown, his wife, and was born in New- 
 
BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 155 
 
 biirjrli, April Ui, 180(1. His lUther was a ship-carpen- 
 ter, and lie himself an apprentice, in his early years, 
 to the Imsiness of printing under AVard M. Gazlay. 
 He was an industrious boy and much of a student, 
 and found his way, after his apprenticeship, to the 
 office of Ross & Knevels, where he read law. On 
 his admission to the bar he practiced in the office of 
 Samuel J. Wilkin, at (roshen, and there, as well as at 
 Newburgh. was connected with the press. Indeed, 
 his early life was very much mi.xed up with mechan- 
 ical, editorial, and legal pursuits. From Goshen he 
 removed (1835) to Monticello, where he settled down 
 to a quiet local practice, in which there was no ex- 
 ample of industry or brilliant genius. At one period 
 his life was a failure, but in 1846 he succeeded in the 
 election as delegate to the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion, where he made some friends and acquaintances. 
 In 1846 he was elected member of Congress by a 
 combination of Whigs and Anti-Renters, and gained 
 such additional notoriety that he secured a combina- 
 tion nomination for justice of the Supreme Court, in 
 which station he remained by re-election for twelve 
 years. In 1861 he was elected judge of the Court of 
 Appeals, and served in that capacity until 1868, when 
 he died. In his judicial position his whole character 
 underwent a change, so greatly so indeed that Ward 
 Hunt, his associate judge, could say with truth, "His 
 enduring monument will be found in the reports of the 
 decisions of this court. Patient, laborious, learned, 
 clear-minded, and discriminating, he ranks honorably 
 in that long line of distinguished men who have pre- 
 sided on this bench." With the ability and determi- 
 nation to adapt himself to the opportunity. Judge 
 Wright secured a reputation which few of his con- 
 temporaries attained. During the latter years of his 
 life his residence was at Kingston. 
 
 1833.— Alfred D. Walden, Walden ; Horace W. 
 Armstrong, Newburgh. 
 
 183"). — George W. Lord, Jlount Hope; John J. 
 Monell, Newburgh; George Van Inwegen, Deerpark. 
 
 John J. Monell was the son of Samuel Monell, 
 of Montgomery, in which town he was born. His 
 mother was Elvira, daughter of John Scott, and her 
 sister, Catharine Lydia, was the mother of John A. 
 C. Gray, of New York. He studied law under John 
 W. Brown, and practiced in Newburgh for many years, 
 during which time he served one term a judge of the 
 County Court. He was active in local societies and 
 associated enterprises, and deserves more credit in 
 these connections than has been awarded to him. 
 His residence has been at Fishkill for some years; 
 and his more active business relations have been in 
 connection with the publication of the New York 
 Evening Post. His first wife was Mary E., daughter 
 of Nathaniel Smith, of Connecticut ; and his second, 
 Caroline DeWint, widow of Andrew J. Downing. 
 
 1838. — George W. Niven, Newburgh. 
 
 1839. — Nathan Reeve, Newburgh ; Benjamin F. 
 Duryea, Goshen ; Chris. Van Duzer. 
 
 1840. — Aaron B. Belknap, Newburgh; Daniel B. 
 Boice, Newburgh; Joseph W. Gott, Goshen ; William 
 Fullerton, Newburgh ; John L. Bookstaver, Mont- 
 gomery. 
 
 Jo.sEPH W. Gott, a prominent lawyer of Orange 
 County for many years, was born May 25, 1814, in the 
 town of Austerlitz, Columbia Co., N. Y. His father. 
 Storey Gott, was a well-known and lifelong resident of 
 that locality. 
 
 Mr. (xott passed much of his boyhood at Red Rock, 
 Columbia Co., and in 1834 entered Union College, 
 Schenectady, N. Y. That institution of learning was 
 then under the admirable care of Dr. Eliphalet Nott. 
 He was one of the founders of that large and well- 
 known secret fraternity, now represented in most of 
 the leading colleges, known as " Psi Upsilon." He 
 graduated honorably in 1837. 
 
 In the same year he came to Goshen to reside, and 
 assumed the position of principal of Farmers' Hall 
 Academy, which he held for two years. He then 
 turned his attention to the study of law, and iiursued 
 his studies with the firm of Van Duzer & Sharpe, and 
 in 1842 was admitted to practice. From that time 
 until his death, in 1869, he was in constant practice 
 of his profession in the community in which he had 
 taken up his residence, and became thoroughly iden- 
 tified with this locality. 
 
 Not long after his admission to the bar he held the 
 position of postmaster at Goshen for several years. 
 In 1849 he held the office of county clerk of Orange 
 County by api)ointment. In the earlier part of his 
 professional career he was also, for some years, one of 
 the proprietors and editors of the Goshen Democrnt 
 and Whig. 
 
 He was a communicant and vestryman of St. James' 
 Protestant Episcopal Church for many years. 
 
 He was married, Jan. 27, 1847, to Charlotte Van 
 Duzer, daughter of the Hon. Isaac R. Van Duzer, now 
 deceased, a prominent lawyer and ex-member of the 
 Legislature. For many years he was a partner of the 
 late Judge Samuel J. Wilkin. 
 
 In 1858, his health having suffered severely from 
 too intense application to the demands of a large busi- 
 ness, he made a trip to Eurojje, but found there only 
 temporary relief from the bronchial trouble with 
 which he was afflicted. His life was much prolonged 
 by his temperate habits and rigid observance of the 
 laws of health. He literally died in the liarness, 
 attending to his professional occupations until shortly 
 before his death, which happened Jan. 6, 1869. 
 
 Mr. Gott was not, in one sense of the word, a public 
 man. He was not ostentatious in his life, nor did he 
 aspire to political preferment. But he was probably 
 as well known in the line of his profession as any of 
 his contemporaries in this county. He had several 
 opportunities to form very profitable professional 
 connections in New York City and elsewhere, but 
 preferred to continue where he had begun liis profes- 
 sional career. 
 
156 
 
 HISTOllV OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YOKK. 
 
 He was a steadfast Whig until the formation of the 
 Republican party, and then an earnest adherent to 
 the latter while he lived. He was a strong personal 
 friend of Secretary W. H. Seward. 
 
 He was of an eminently literary turn of mind, and 
 owned and made practical use of a large and well- 
 selected library. 
 
 The true lesson of Mr. Gott's life and professional 
 success is contained in the following extract from the 
 resolutions passed by the bar of his county, Jan. 13, 
 1S69, and now entered upon the record of the court 
 minutes : 
 
 '■ Remhed, That the earnestness and assiduity with w hicti tuir deceased 
 fliend lahovedtoprotect and secure the rights a lid interests of tliose whom 
 he served entitled him to the puhlic confidence he so hirgely enjoyed, 
 and that his distinguished success was acliieved, not hy unprofessional 
 artitice, V'ut hy the devotion of his lahorious life to high professional 
 duty. 
 
 " Re>'(jh'eil. That the career of the deceased has closed with no stain of 
 professional dishonor resting upon it, proving that no sacrifice of fair- 
 ness, truth, and integrity is necessaiily involved in the exercise of 
 great professional zeal and the attainment of an exalted professional 
 re(iutation." 
 
 Mr. Gott left two children, — a daughter, Annie, and 
 a son and namesake, Joseph W., the latter of whom 
 graduated at Yale College in 1873, and Columbia Law 
 School in 1875, and has been engaged in the j)ractice 
 of law in Goshen since 1875. 
 
 1841. — Chaneey F. Belknap, Newburgh ; John C. 
 Dimmick, Goshen. 
 
 1842. — Alexander Wilkin, Goshen ; John S. Thayer, 
 Newburgh ; Stephen B. Brophy, Newburgh ; John G. 
 Wilkin, Middletown. 
 
 1843.— Roliert S. Htilstead, Newburgh ; James W. 
 Fowler, Newburgh; Benjamin F. Dunning, Goshen. 
 
 1844. — S. W. Fullerton, Jr., Newburgh ; James L. 
 Stewart. 
 
 1845. — Daniel Fullerton, Goshen; Oliver Y'oung; 
 Hugh B. Bull, Montgomery ; James G. Graham, New- 
 burgh; David F. Gedney, Goshen; William R. Nel- 
 son ; Levinus Monson, Newburgh ; Andrew J. Wilkin, 
 Goshen. 
 
 David Fowler Gedney. — The paternal ancestors 
 of Judge Gedney were English l^uakers, who emi- 
 ^rate<l from England to this country in the reign of 
 Charles II. to escape the religious persecution against 
 Nonconformists during the life of that monarch. His 
 ifather was Eleazer Gedney, M.D., who was for many 
 years an eminent physician in what was then the vil- 
 ilage of Newburgh, Orange Co., N. Y. Dr. Gedney 
 inarried Miss Charlotte Bailey, of New Windsor, in 
 the same county, and who was the daughter of Dr. 
 Jonathan Bailey. Dr. Bailey was related collaterally 
 to the Revolutionary patriot, Samuel Adams. 
 
 Judge Gedney was born in Newburgli-on-Hudson, 
 Jan. I, 1821. He was prepared to enter college at the 
 Newburgh Academy, and in 1836 entered the junior 
 class at Union College. He graduated in 1838, re- 
 ceiving the usual degree of A.B. His father and 
 elder brother having died while he was in college, he 
 removed with his mother and an unmarried sister 
 
 {afterwards Mrs. Isaac R. Van Duzer) to Goshen, 
 Orange Co. Here he entered upon his professional 
 career as a student in the law-office of Van Duzer 
 & Sharpe, and after the dissolution of that firm he 
 continued his studies with Van Duzer & Westcott. 
 He was admitted to the bar in 1845, and formed a 
 partnership with Nathan Westcott, which continued 
 until that gentleman was elected county clerk in 
 1850. In 1856 he was elected to the office of district 
 attorney, and in 1862 to the office of county judge. 
 He formed a partnership in 1874 with his son, Mr. 
 Herbert Gedney, with whom he is now associated in 
 business. 
 
 In 1843, Judge Gedney married Miss Henrietta 
 Robinson Duer, youngest daughter of Alexander Duer, 
 Esq. Mr. Duer was a son of Col. William Duer, of 
 the Revolutionary army, and a brother of the late 
 Judges John A. Duer and William A. Duer. Of the 
 three children of this marriage, the eldest — Alex. Duer 
 Gedney — was lost at sea off Cape Horn in 18(i0; the 
 others are living. 
 
 Judge Gedney's judicial career was marked by 
 ability and impartiality, and he discharged the duties 
 of district attorney in a manner eminently satisfactory 
 to his county. He is an advocate of marked |)Ower, 
 and has been connected with the trial of many im- 
 portant civil and criminal cases. He has taken for 
 many years a prominent position among Republican 
 politicians, and his speeches, both political and pro- 
 fessional, are remarkable for the chastity of their lan- 
 guage and the clearness and force of their logic. He 
 is one of the oldest members of the present bar of 
 Orange County. 
 
 The FuLLERTOXS — Daniel, William, and Ste- 
 phen W. — have been honorable representatives of 
 their profession. Daniel, the last admitted to practice, 
 was the oldest brother and had but a short legal career. 
 Stephen W., the youngest, prior to his removal to New 
 York, filled the office of county judge, and also that 
 of district attorney, and had for his as.sociate in prac- 
 tice Charles H. Van Wyck, now United States sena- 
 tor from Nebraska. William, after some years in his 
 profession in Newburgh, during the largest portion of 
 which time James W. Fowler was his business asso- 
 ciate, removed to New York, where he was associated 
 with Charles O'Conor, and from that point has risen 
 to the highest rank at the bar of that city. Aug. 30, 
 1867, he was appointed justice of the Supreme Court 
 for the Second Judicial District, to fill the unexpired 
 term of Judge Scrughani, but transferred the honor 
 to his brother, Stephen VV., who served from August 
 30th to December 31st. A brief history of the family 
 will be found in another part of this volume. (See 
 Wawayanda.) 
 
 James G. Graham was born in Shawangunk, 
 Ulster Co., October, 1821. He graduated at Colum- 
 bia College in 1840; studied in the office of Bate & 
 McKissock, and after his admission to the bar prac- 
 ticed in Ulster Countv. In 1848 he was elected to 
 
iMiOA) ^ ^mUtkf 
 
BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 157 
 
 the Assembly from the southern district of Ulster, and 
 again in 1865. In 1878 he represented the First As- 
 sembly District of Orange in the same body. He has 
 held several local trusts with credit since his removal 
 to Newburgh in 1866, and enjoys the esteem and con- 
 fidence of the community. His first wife was Mar_v 
 E., daughter of George G. Schofield, of Walden. He 
 married second, Margaret J., daughter of Israel 
 Knapp, also of Walden. 
 
 1846. — Gabriel N. Sweezey, Goshen (removed to 
 California in 1849, and died at Marysville, in that 
 State, in 1875); DeWitt C. Cooley ; John Lyon; S. 
 Howell Strong ; Moses Sweezey, Goshen ; Charles H. 
 Winfield, Goshen. (See Dr. Winfield.) 
 
 1848. — Eugene A. Brewster, Newburgh. 
 
 Eugene A. Beewster is a lineal descendant of 
 Elder Brewster, of the Plymouth Pilgrims. His im- 
 mediate ancestor in this county was Samuel Brewster, 
 of New Windsor, a most substantial and representa- 
 tive man of the Revolutionary era. He was born in 
 New York, April 13, 1827, and was brought to New- 
 burgh by his parents when he was three years old. 
 He entered the office of John W. Brown in 1843, and 
 remained with him until January, 1850, when he 
 united in partnership with Nathan Reeve, Judge 
 Brown's brother-in-law, and continued under the firm 
 of Reeve & Brewster until 1855, since which time he 
 has been without an associate. That he has few, if 
 any, superiors in practice in the county will be gen- 
 erally conceded by the profession. He has held sev- 
 eral local stations with credit, and many rely as im- 
 plicitly upon his judgment as they did upon that of I 
 his tutor. Judge Brown, some of whose habits of 
 thought and action were deeply grafted upon his 
 character. He married, in 1859, Anna W., daughter 
 of Rev. John Brown, D.D. 
 
 James N. Pkonk was born in the city of Boston, 
 Feb. 27, 1822. His father, Dr. John N. D. V. Pronk, 
 a native of Amsterdam, Holland, was there educated 
 a physician, and emigrated to America in 1811, set- 
 tling in Boston, Mass. He practiced his profession in 
 that city until 1839, when he retired from practice, 
 removed to Middletown, Orange Co., N. Y., and there 
 resided until his decease, at the age of seventy-two 
 years, in 1848. 
 
 Dr. Pronk's wife, who survived him twenty-five 
 years and died at the age of eighty-two years, was 
 Azubah Little, a native of Orange County, with whom 
 he formed an acquaintance while traveling through 
 her native county upon first coming to this county, 
 and whom he married in 1812. 
 
 Only three of their eleven children survived them, 
 viz., Edwin, a resident of Boston ; James N., subject 
 of this sketch ; and Azubah L., wife of Silas L. King, 
 of Bradford, Pa. 
 
 James N. Pronk received his early education in the 
 English high school and public Latin school of his 
 native! city, and was graduated at the Teacher's Semi- 
 nary at Andover, Mass. He removed with his parents 
 
 to Orange County, and for several years thereafter was 
 engaged here in teaching. He studied law with Judge 
 John G. Wilkin, of Middletown, and was admitted to 
 the bar of this State, as attorney and counselor, at the 
 January term of the Supreme Court held in New 
 York Citv in 1849. 
 
 Immediately after his admission to the bar he 
 opened a law office in Middletown, where he has 
 actively pursued the practice of his profession since, 
 — a period of thirty -two years, — and is now one of the 
 oldest members of the Orange County bar, only Judge 
 Wilkin being his senior in Middletown. 
 
 During his residence in Middletown, Mr. Pronk has 
 been an active participant in nearly all of its worthy 
 local enterprises. 
 
 He was largely connected with and one of the prime 
 movers in the incorporation of the village, for many 
 years its clerk, and for nine years its president. 
 
 He was one of the incorporators of the Middletown 
 Lj'ceum, a society that existed and held a leading in- 
 fluence for some thirty years; of the Hillside Ceme- 
 tery, of which association he has officiated as presi- 
 dent since its incorporation, and has filled the positioa 
 of trustee and director of various other organizations. 
 
 Mr. Pronk was also one of the incorporators of 
 " The Middletown and Bloomingburgh Plank Road 
 Company," " The MidiUetown and Unionville Plank 
 Road Company," " The Middletown and Unionville 
 Railroad Company," "The Midland Railroad Com- 
 pany of New Jersey," and of the " Wallkill Bank." 
 
 During the late civil war he was active in support 
 
158 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 of the I'nion cause, and served as provost marshal of 
 the Eleventh Congressional District, New York, with 
 his office at (joshen. 
 
 As a citizen Mr. Pronk is public-spirited and enter- 
 prising. All projects for the benefit of the commu- 
 nity and to promote the best interests of society in 
 which he lives receive from him willing and liberal 
 support. 
 
 As a counselor he is careful, systematic, and judi- 
 cious, and his opinions are always given with the 
 strictest integrity after a thorough analytical treat- 
 ment of the sulyect at issue, and as an advocate his 
 retentive memory, his knowledge of the fundamental 
 principles upon which the law is based, enable him 
 to command the attention of judge and juror. 
 
 3Ir. Pronk married, in 1S41, Mary Ellen, daughter 
 of Gilbert F. Mondon, of Port Jervis. 
 
 Their surviving children are Francis A. K., Ferris 
 M., Devin N., Ashbel C. K., Louisa, Mary, wife of N. 
 Tate, of Middletown, and Nellie R. 
 
 Oliver Youxo. — The Young family are of New 
 England extraction, the father of the subject of this 
 biogra)ihical sketch having been Samuel, who was 
 born in Connecticut, and married Miss Anna Dilly, 
 whose ancestors were of Hessian descent and early 
 emigrated to America. Mr. and Mrs. Young had ' 
 eight children, among whom was Oliver, born at 
 jMount Hope, Orange Co., Oct. 7, 1811, to which place 
 his parents removed after their marriage. He (C)livcr) 
 was early made dependent upon his own resources, 
 and after the death of liis father aided materially in 
 the care of the family. At the age of .seventeen he 
 became a teacher, and later repaired to Milford, Pa., 
 where, under the guidance of Richard Eldred, and 
 afterwards of Melancthon Dimmock, he pursued the 
 study of law. He was admitted to the bar of Pike 
 County, Pa., ii) 1835, and as an attorney and coun- 
 selor in New York State, Nov. 8, 1840. Very soon 
 after the conclusion ol his legal studies Mr. Young 
 removed to Port Jervis and established himself in his 
 profession. 
 
 By application and fidelity to the trusts confided to 
 him a growing and lucrative practice wasgained. He 
 speedily attained a reputation as a safe and judicious 
 counselor, and an attorney who was devoted under 
 all circumstances to the interests of his clients, to 
 whom he, on every occasion, displayed the most ab- 
 solute loyalty. This fact soon won for Mr. Young 
 the confidence of the community and brought to him 
 an extended business. He was a firm advocate of 
 anti-slavery principles long before any organized 
 opposition was manifested on the part of its oppo- 
 nents, and for a length of tinie voted the ticket alone 
 in the place of his residence. He cast the only ballot 
 in Port Jervis for Hon. John P. Hale, unti-slavery 
 candidate for the Presidency in 1856, and on various 
 occasions maintained a steady defense of principles 
 which were espoused from a conviction of duty. He 
 was also a man of liberal impulses, and did much to 
 
 relieve distress through benefactions of a private 
 nature. Mr. Young was a proficient civil engineer, 
 aud possessed an extended knowledge of the bounda- 
 ries and titles of much of the land endsraced in 
 Orange County. He was not an aspirant for office, 
 and frequently declined local honors tendered him by 
 his constituents. Mr. Young was married, Jan. 19, 
 1848, in Port Jervis, to Mrs. Lydia Frances Went- 
 worth, formerly Miss Sinclair, of Bartlett, N. H., 
 and had two sons, — Frank Sinclair, who died in early 
 life, and Charles Oliver, who is engaged in the prac- 
 tice of law in Port Jervis. The death of Oliver 
 Young occurred Oct. 3, 1871, in his sixtieth year. 
 The loss sustained by the bar of Orange County was 
 on the occasion graphically portrayed in a series of 
 resolutions commemorative of his career and his 
 marked abilities, presented by its members to the 
 family. 
 
 Thomas J. Lvux. — The Lyon family are of Scotch 
 descent, three brothers — Samuel, David, and James 
 — having left the land of their nativity before the war 
 of the Revolution and settled, — David in New Jer- 
 sey, Samuel in Connecticut, and James in the Em- 
 pire State, from whence he later removed to Ohio. 
 David chose a location at Orange, Essex Co., N. J., 
 where liis children — Daniel, Moses, Henry, and 
 Sarah — were born ; all of whom are now deceased. 
 Henry resided upon the homestead during his life- 
 time, where he was both agriculturist and distiller, 
 and later became a manufacturer. He participated 
 actively in the war of 1812, for which he enjoyed a 
 pension until the date of his death in his seventy- 
 eighth year. Mr. Lyon was, in the year 1808, united 
 in marriage to Miss Eunice, daughter of Thomas 
 Harrison, of Orange, N. J., a soldier with the rank 
 of colonel in the war of the Revolution, and also a 
 pensioner until his death in his ninety-eighth year. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Lyon nine children were born, of 
 whom the survivors are Dr. S. S. Lyon, of Newark, 
 N. J. ; William Lyon, of Lyon's Farms, N. J. ; Thomas 
 J. Lyon, of Port Jervis ; John W. Lyon, of San 
 Francisco, Cal. ; and Mrs. Ann Steel, of Dayton, 
 Ohio. 
 
 Thomas J., whose career is here traced, was born in 
 Caldwell, Essex Co., N. J., June 20, 1816, and spent 
 the early years of his life at the home of his parents. 
 The common schools of the neighborhood aftbrded 
 him an ojjportunity of acquiring the rudiments of an 
 education, and a subsequent period spent at the 
 Montclair Seminary, in the same county, supple- 
 mented this with more substantial acquirements. A 
 brief ]ieriod was spent in teaching, after which Mr. 
 Lyon entered the ministry and joined the Methodist 
 Episcopal Conference of New Jersey. After a season 
 of clerical labor in New Jersey, he was assigned by 
 the Conference in 1840 to the Port Jervis charge, 
 which place has since been his residence. At the ex- 
 piration of his fourth year Mr. Lyon voluntarily re- 
 quested and received a local relation without any 
 
ir^iEM. iroTUHGo 
 
^ 
 
 /^/-i^ Ckri 
 
 ^ ^ ^^^ 
 
BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 159 
 
 change in his religious convictions, and began the 
 study of law, Nathan Westcott, of Goshen, N. Y., 
 having been his preceptor. An office was established 
 by the latter gentleman in Port Jervis, of which Mr. 
 Lyon was given tlie charge. He began his profes- 
 sional labors in the Justices' Court, and continued so 
 to practice until his admission to all the courts of 
 New York State in 1849, his examination liaving oc- 
 curred in the city of Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. Lyon has 
 since that time been actively engaged in the duties of 
 his profession. He was employed by the New York 
 and Erie Railroad Company as one of their counsel- 
 ors, and acted in that capacity from the period of the 
 construction of the road until 1867. As a trial lawyer 
 Mr. Lyon has been especially successful. He has on 
 many occasions displayed superior talents as an advo- 
 cate, his clear, decisive arguments having gained for 
 him many legal victories. His mental powers are 
 acute and comprehensive, his self-possession perfect, 
 and his command of language both forcible and strik- 
 ing. He was commissioned as postmaster under the 
 Polk administration, and also during the Presidential 
 term of Franklin Pierce. In 1869 and 1870, Mr. 
 Lynn was elected to the Legislature of the State, and 
 Ills abilities utilized as one of the committee on 
 Ways and Means, on the Judiciary, and as chairman 
 of the committee on Federal Relations. He is an 
 unflinching Democrat, and has attained some distinc- 
 tion as an ardent worker and speaker in the cause of 
 Democracy. 
 
 Mr. Lyon was married Dec. 31, 1840, to Miss 
 Jemima Westfall, of Deerpark, and became the 
 parent of eight children, of whom Sarah E., Annie 
 M. (Mrs. E. A. Brown, of Nevvburgh), and John W., 
 a practicing lawyer in Port Jervis, survive. By a 
 second marriage, to Miss Miriam V. Osterhout, he has 
 five children, — Thomas J., Jr., Wallen, Edwin F., 
 Mary E., and Frederick, all of whom are living. 
 
 1851. — James W. Taylor, Goshen. Mr. Taylor was 
 born in Hamptonburgh in February, 1828 ; graduated 
 at the College of New Jersey (Princeton) in 1848; 
 studied law in the office of Wilkin & Gott, and was 
 admitted to j^ractice in 1851. In 1854 he served under 
 Nathan Westcott as deputy county clerk, and in 1856 
 removed to Nevvburgh, where he succeeded Daniel B. 
 Boice, deceased, in the partnership with William C. 
 Hasbrouck. At the general election in 1856 he was 
 elected special county judge, and was subsequently 
 twice appointed to fill vacancies in that office. In 
 1864 he was appointed attornej' for the city of New- 
 burgh, and in the fall of that year was one of the 
 Presidential electors of the Republican party. His 
 record so far in life has been that of an excellent 
 lawyer and a useful and respected citizen. He mar- 
 ried, in 1850, Caroline, daughter of John Wilson, of 
 Goshen. 
 
 1857. — Abram S. Cassedy, Newburgh. 
 
 Abram S. Cassedy was born at Ramapo, Rock- 
 land Co., N. Y., on the 29th day of November, 1833. 
 
 His grandfather, Archibald Cassedy, emigrated from 
 the north of Ireland about the time of the Revolu- 
 tionary war, and taking up a residence in Rockland 
 County became one of the pioneer settlers of what was 
 then a wild and unbroken section of country. Of 
 hardv Scotch-Irish descent, imbued with the indomi- 
 
 table industry and perseverance that is the special 
 characteristic of his race, he was a valuable acquisi- 
 tion to the pioneer life of the country, and contributed 
 much toward the development of the locality in which 
 he settled. The father of Mr. Cassedy was also named 
 Archibald, and was born in Rockland County, where 
 he passed his life in mercantile and agricultural pur- 
 suits. He married Lydia, daughter of Judge Gurnee, 
 of Rockland County. The Gurnee family is of French 
 extraction, and was early represented among the pio- 
 neers of that county, having emigrated from Paris 
 previous to the Revolutionary war. 
 
 The early education of Mr. Cassedy was obtained at 
 the common schools of his native county. He subse- 
 quently enjoyed the benefits of an academic course, 
 graduating in 1853. He immediately turned his at- 
 tention to the study of the law, and entered as a stu- 
 dent in the office of Judge William F. Fraser, of 
 Clarkstown, N. Y., in 1855. Subsequently he entered 
 the law-office of Wilkin & Gott, at Goshen, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1857. He was immediately 
 appointed deputy county clerk by the late Dr. Drake, 
 
160 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 then the popular clerk of tlie county, in which ])osi- 
 tion he served two years. At the expiration of that 
 time he became clerk of the board of supervisors of 
 Orange County, a position in which he remained from 
 1858 to 1862. Meanwhile, in 1859, he removed to 
 Newburgli, where he entered upon the active practice 
 of his profession, and has ever since remained. Judge 
 Charles F. Brown is now the partner of Mr. Cassedy, 
 and under the name and style of Cassedy & Brown the 
 tirm are carrying on a large and successful business. 
 
 As a law-yer Mr. Cassedy is painstaking and con- 
 scientious, and brings to the investigation of his cases a 
 degree of research and legal acumen not common in 
 the profession. Naturally of a studious turn of mind, 
 patient and industrious, he discharges the duties of 
 his profession in a faithful and successful numner, 
 and commands a large clientage. The possession of 
 these qualities early brought him into public notice, 
 and it has been his good fortune, although decidedly 
 averse to the holding of public office, to be elevated 
 by the partiality of the public to several prominent 
 official positions. 
 
 In 1862 he was elected district attorney of the 
 county against his former prece|)tor, Joseph W. Gott, 
 and filled the office acceptably for three years. He sub- 
 sequently served as alderman irom the Fourth Ward, 
 but soon resigned from that office. In 1874 he was 
 elected a member of the board of education, and acted 
 as president of that body in 1877, declining election 
 to the board after that date, although nominated. In 
 1875 he was appointed corporation counsel of New- 
 burgh, a position that he held for three years. 
 
 In 1880, while strenuously declaring himself not to 
 be a candidate, he was nominated by acclamation for 
 the office of mayor of Newburgli by the Democratic 
 party, and although that city usually gives a Repub- 
 lican majority of from two to three hundred votes, was 
 elected by the flattering majority of three hundred and 
 twenty-four. He is still filling that office in a suc- 
 cessful manner, and his administration of municipal 
 affairs has been characterized by a degree of economy 
 not before attained for fourteen years. 
 
 Mr. Cassedy has declined the nomination to other 
 important offices within the gift of the public, some 
 of them being of a kind calculated to attract the most 
 ambitious of men. He has preferred, however, to 
 confine himself to the legitimate practice of his pro- 
 fession. He takes an active interest in all movements 
 tending to advance the social, material, or educational 
 welfare of the community in which he resides, and 
 lends the support of his means and influence to the 
 development and sustentation of its institutions. He 
 has been for a iiumberof years a director of the Quas- 
 saick National Bank, of Newburgh, and is the attor- 
 ney for that institution. A number of important 
 causes have been litigated successfully by him, aggre- 
 gating hundreds of thousands of dollars. He was 
 married in 1861 to Miss Margaret J., daughter of the 
 late Dr. Charles Drake, of Newburgh. 
 
 1868.— C. Frank Brown, Newburgh ; William D. 
 Dickey, Newburgh. 
 
 William Vaxamee is descended from one of three 
 brothers who emigrated from Holland in the early 
 settlement of New York. Two of the brothers settled 
 on Long Island, and the other upon the Hudson. 
 
 i^^^t-^C^K. ^^3,.^^, 
 
 The name is spelt differently by the various branches 
 of the family, but Mr. Vanamee follows the spelling 
 given in Dixon's work upon surnames. 
 
 Mr. Vanamee was born in Albany, N. Y., Jan. 9, 
 1847. When he was nineteen years old he came to 
 Middletown for the purpose of studying law. After 
 prosecuting his studies two years, he was admitted at 
 Poughkeepsie in May, 1868, and he has since resided 
 in Middletown, engaged in the active practice of his 
 profession. In September, 1871, he was married to 
 Lida, daughter of Dr. J. W. Ostrom, of (Joshen. 
 
 C. Feank Briiwn, son of Hon. John W. Brown, 
 was born in Newburgh, 8ept. 12, 1844. He graduated 
 at Y'ale College in 1866, and subsequently read law in 
 the office of A. S. Cassedy, assisted by the advice and 
 counsel of his father. In 1869 the law-firm of Cas- 
 sedy & Brown was formed, of which he is still the 
 junior partner. He was elected district attorney in 
 1874, and county judge in 1877, filling both positions 
 with credit. He married, June 27, 1876, Hattie E. 
 Shaffer, of Poughkeepsie. 
 
 Ht)N. Freperic Bodine. — The blood and char- 
 acteristics of four distinct races are represented in the 
 Bodine family, — the French, Dutch, Irish, and Eng- 
 
BENCH AND BAR. 
 
 161 
 
 lish, the paternal ancestors of Frederick having been 
 Huguenots, who early fled from persecution in France, 
 and, embark ing lor America, colon i/.ed on Long Island. 
 A portion of this little baml eventually found their 
 
 way into Orange County, among whom was William 
 Bodine, the great-grandfather of the subject of this 
 biographical sketch, who acquired a large tract of 
 land one mile to the west of Walden village, the 
 homestead of later generations of the family. Among 
 his children was Peter, the grandfather of Frederick, 
 who resided U|ion a farm in Montgomery, and married 
 Miss Mary Millspaugh. Their children were eleven 
 in number, one of whom was Hylvanus, born July 10, 
 1807, and whose death occurred in Steuben County, 
 N. Y., in his seventy-first year. He was united in 
 marriage to Miss Sarah Ann, daughter of John Hor- 
 ton, of Goslien, and had children, — Amasa and Fred- 
 eric. The latter, whose portrait accompanies this 
 sketch, was born in Montgomery, June 18, 183.5, 
 where the years of his early life were passed. These 
 years were uneventful in character, the winter being 
 devoted to study or teaching, while the summer 
 brought its routine of farm employments. 
 
 In 1865, Mr. Bodine, having become weary of agri- 
 cultural labor, disposed of the farm, and removing to 
 thevillageof Montgomery, embarked in business enter- 
 prises. During the same year he entered the political 
 arena as the llepublican candidate for representative 
 in the State Legislature, to which he was elected by 
 a large majority. Here he represented his constit- 
 
 uency with marked ability, and served on the com- 
 mittees on schools and colleges and towns and vil- 
 lages. In connection with the former he did signal 
 service, being largely instrumental in the introduc- 
 tion of the bill in behalf of the free-school system, 
 which afterwards became a law, under which the State 
 is now working. Mr. Bodine, in the fall of 1866, pur- 
 chased a farm at Plattsburgh, N. Y., to which he re- 
 moved, but the surroundings of his old home proving 
 more congenial, he returned to Montgomery the fol- 
 lowing year and engaged in business. He has since 
 been identified with the public interests of the town- 
 ship ; is a director of the Walden Savings-Bank, has 
 been railroad commissioner for the township of Mont- 
 gomery since 1873, and has served as highway com- 
 missioner and inspector of elections. He was ap- 
 pointed, in 1880, supervisor of census for the Fourth 
 New York District by President Hayes, including the 
 counties of Ulster, Orange, Rockland, Sullivan, and 
 Delaware. 
 
 He was in 1870 elected justice of the peace, and 
 still fills the office. Mr. Bodine abandoned mercan- 
 tile pursuits in 1877, and began the study of law with 
 Joseph M. Wilkin, Esq. He was admitted to the bar 
 as attorney and counselor at the general term held 
 in Brooklyn, February, 1880, and at once engaged in 
 the practice of his profession. In politics he is an 
 ardent Republican, and an earnest advocate of the 
 principles of the party. He is an active and useful 
 member of the Presbyterian Church of Montgomery, 
 of which he is an elder. Mr. Bodine has been twice 
 married. He was first united to Miss Mittie Graham, 
 .lune 5, 1862, to whom was born a son, Theodore. Mrs. 
 Bodine's death occurred Feb. 28, 1870, and he was a 
 second time married, Nov. 16, 1870, to Mrs. Emma 
 Decker, of Montgomery. 
 
 PRESENT ATTORNEYS. 
 
 The following are the practicing attorneys in the 
 county at the present time : 
 
 Newburfjh. — Walter C. Anthony, Eugene A. Brew- 
 ster, John Baldwin, David Barclay, J. B. B. Brun- 
 dage, J. R. Buxton, Charles F. Brown, Abram S. 
 Cassedy, Charles L. Chatterton, C. P. Curtis, (Jeorge 
 H. Clark, William I). Dickey, Samuel E. Dimniick. 
 Darwiu W. Esmond, Nehemiah Fowler, James G. 
 Ctraham, M. H. Hirschberg, Gideon Hill, Russell 
 Headley, John B. Kerr, John Miller, H. C. Mills- 
 paugh, M. H. Mullenneaux, Joseph J. Rogers, Seward 
 U. Round, David A. Scott, J. D. Shaffer, L. S. Sterritt, 
 Charles E. Snyder, Howard Thornton, James W. Tay- 
 lor, Charles St. John Vail, C. L. Waring, L. B. Waring, 
 Harvey Weed, Grant B. Taylor, James T. Boothroyd. 
 
 Middletown. — Howard Allison, John F. Bradner, 
 George H. Decker, Charles G. Dill, M. J. Donovan, 
 Andrew J. Durland, .Tirah I. Foote, Henry W. Foote, 
 Daniel Finn, William J. Groo, Oliver N. Goldsmith, 
 Gilbert O. Hulse, Benjamin Low, .J. W. Powers, T. N. 
 Little, William F. O'Neill, A. V. L. Powelson, James 
 
162 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 N. Pronk, William B. Royce, Wickliam T. Shaw. 
 William H. Stoddard, Samuel R. Taylor, William 
 Vanamee, D. W. Van Zandt, Charles T. Vail, John 
 G. Wilkin, John Wilkin, Henry W. Wiggins. 
 
 Gns/ien. — Henry Bacon, R. C. Coleman, Charles W. 
 Coleman, B. R. Chamjiion, W. H. CiKldel)ack, Henry 
 C. Duryea, David F. Gedney, Herbert Gedney, Geo. 
 W. Greene, J. W. Gott, John E. Howell, James F. 
 Hoifman, George W. Millspaugh, John H. Murray, 
 Charles L. Mead, Harrison W. Nanny, William F. 
 Sharpe, A. DuBois Staats, John B. Swezey, E. A. 
 Van Sickle, Henry A. Wadsworth, William H. Wyker. 
 
 Port Jervis. — James M. Allerton, Lewis E. Carr, 
 0. E. Cuddeback, O. P. Howell, Thomas J. Lyon, 
 John W. Lyon, Amos Van Etten, Jr. 
 
 Montrjomerij. — Fred. Bodine, Joseph M. Leeper, 
 Henry V. McNeal, J. H. Walden Loughran, John 
 Peter Sears, Edward Van Orsdall, J. M. Wilkin. 
 
 Warwick. — John J. Beattie, J. V. D. Benedict, John 
 Burt, M. Kane. 
 
 Cornwall. — Lewis Beach, William H. Clarke, D. F. 
 Southerland, Daniel E. Pope. 
 
 Westtown.—T. S. Hulse. 
 
 Turner's. — E. D. Stokem. 
 
 CHAPTER XIL 
 
 PHYSICIANS-MEDICAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 „ The physicians of the county, although many of 
 them have been conspicuous in its political, military, 
 and social affairs, are, as a class, so especially " silent" 
 in its records that a list of them, either past or pres- 
 ent, will be far from complete. It is probably true 
 that to some extent the early ministers, itinerant as 
 well as located, were physicians ; but it is also prob- 
 able that many of the first settlers were their own 
 medical advisers, and relied largely upon such reme- 
 dies as nature provided and their own experience ap- 
 proved, many of them living even to a " good old 
 age" without the aid of a professional "doctor." Per- 
 haps they were profited to some extent by the expe- 
 rience of their Indian contemporaries or predecessors, 
 who could cure wounds and hurts, treat simple diseases 
 quite successfully, and tell all about the medicinal vir- 
 tues of native roots and herbs. There was one rem- 
 edy that came from them that was of very general 
 use, — beavers' oil. For dizziness, for trembling, for 
 rheumatism, for lameness, for apoplexy, for toothache, 
 for earache, for weak eyes, for gout, and for almost 
 every ill, beavers' oil was the specific, at least among 
 the early Dutch, who, with equal unanimity, rejected 
 that other Indian specific, — the sweating-bath. They 
 could not bear to be thrust into a heated hole in the 
 ground with their head covered until the perspiration 
 had reached its highest point, and then to be removed 
 
 and immersed immediately in cold water. It strikes 
 one singularly to read now that this or that State or 
 colony had given somebody a hundred pounds for a 
 recipe for some remedy with a View to make it pub- 
 lic property ; at least it prompts the conclusion that 
 there was a great deal of what is now called "quack- 
 ery" going on among the " rude forefathers" of many 
 a " hamlet." ■ 
 
 But whatever may have been the condition of medi- 
 cal practice elsewhere, there were physicians in the 
 district the liistory of which we are tracing, at an early 
 period, and apparently learned and skillful ones. 
 
 Cadwallader Colden, of Coldenham, was a 
 physician of no ordinary grade for his time. He 
 settled at Coldenham in 1728, remained there for over 
 thirty years, and wrote some able medical works. 
 True, he was also a surveyor and a politician, and a 
 botanist, and in the round of his years was Lieutenant- 
 Governor and acting Governor of the colony; but 
 these offices came to him at a later period. 
 
 We cannot say that " next" to Dr. Colden came 
 Evan Jones, in New Windsor ; but he was a prac- 
 ticing physician and surgeon there, and died in 1763, 
 leaving sons, John and Thomas, who became emi- 
 nent physicians in New York City. His wife was 
 the daughter of Vincent Matthews, of Matthewsfield. 
 His residence was on the farm which, after his death, 
 became the property of Samuel Brewster, and is 
 now marked by the old stone house which the latter 
 erected. 
 
 >, Alexander Clinton and Charles Clinton, sons 
 of Col. Charles Clinton, of Little Britain, were also 
 early physicians. Alexander studied under Dr. Mid- 
 dleton, of New Y'ork, located at Shawangunk, and 
 practiced in that town and in Montgomery and New 
 Windsor. He died in Shawangunk in 1758, of "con- 
 fluent smallpox." Charles was also a pupil under 
 Dr. Middleton. He was a surgeon's mate in the Brit- 
 ish army at the capture of Havana ; subsequently 
 located in the precinct of Hanover (now Montgomery), 
 where he had a large practice, and where he died in 
 1791. 
 
 Although not practicing physicians in the town of 
 New Windsor, Thomas and Joseph Y'oung, sons of 
 John Young, one of the a.ssociate immigrants with 
 Charles Clinton, became physicians, and were in ser- 
 vice in the army of the Revolution. Thomas received 
 a medical education, and Joseph taught himself, or, 
 as he himself wrote, became qualified " by accurate 
 observation and attentive application," having been 
 " greatly assisted by Dr. Alexander Clinton, not as a v 
 professed student, but by riding with him and receiv- 
 ing oral instructions." 
 
 John Smedes was a contemporary of Dr. Charles 
 Clinton, but his residence has not been ascertained. 
 He was in practice in 1783. Among Dr. Clinton's 
 papers is the following note, which serves the purpose 
 of his identification as well as to illustrate the methods 
 of treatment at that time : 
 
 / 
 
^j^^/iyi 
 
 A/W 
 
 Y/Jt. 
 
PHYSICIANS. 
 
 163 
 
 " Mrs. Cooper was taken on Monday morning early with a cold chill, 
 which contiiined more or It-ss almost throngliuiit the day. .\hout nine 
 o'clock in the morning she was seized with a violent pain in the loft hy- 
 pochoudlia, resemhling laboring pains, with vomitings, and a taste in 
 lier monlli like rotten eggs, — gieat tliirst. In tliis situation I came to 
 her. .tndgingit to l>e an intlamination in tiie woinh,arising from cold she 
 must have taken a few days ago from wet feet. I bled her immediately— 
 the blood was not si/.y, but very coagulated — and gave her nitrous pow- 
 ders. In the afternoon the symptoms were the same, the pain alterna- 
 ting, leaving her iu some degree, and tlien retunung with violence. I 
 bled her again, — the blood was somewhat sizy. About evening her symp- 
 tums all vanished, and she was very well until Wednesday morning (ex- 
 cepting having felt some slight pains on Tuesday afternoon ; she had this 
 day taken a dose of Rhei). On Wednesday morning her symptoms re- 
 turned. She was bled again, lait I could not get above five ounces from 
 Jier. In the afteruoon, her symptoms continuing without abatement, I 
 bled again, and took about five ounces. She swooned very nearly. I 
 continued the nitrous powders, and ordered a glyster, which did not o]i- 
 erate effectually. This morning I ordered another, which had the de- 
 sired effect. I gave her this day powdei-s of jalap, nitre, and crem tart., 
 agreeable to consultation yesterday with Doctr. Sackelt. This afternoon 
 I gave her a decoction of Seneca snakeroot, since which the vomiting 
 has left her, but her other symptoms continue, witli a scarcity of urine. 
 Mi-3. Cooper desires Doct. Clinton's consultation. I am 
 
 *' Your very humble serv't. 
 " John Smeuks " 
 
 ilosES HlGBY was in practice in Newburgh and 
 New Windsor prior to the Revolution. His name 
 stands connected with local history during that period, 
 and particularly for his part with Daniel Taylor, the 
 British spy, who swallowed the silver bullet, and lost 
 it under Higby's emetics. 
 
 Many anecdotes are related of him, for, of course, 
 such things will be remembered when real merits are 
 iorgotten. His practice was among old and respect- 
 able families, where his coming was welcomed by old 
 and young, and where he not unfrequently remained 
 several days. He was a man of stern integrity, and 
 upright and open in manner. He died May 3, 1823, 
 upwards of eighty years of age, having practiced 
 medicine over sixty years. Beyond the fact that a 
 daughter married Samuel Bond and left children, we 
 know iifithing of his descendants. 
 
 Isaac Beowx was a physician in Newburgh in 
 1767, and Egbert Morelson and his son Hugh 
 were in practice there as early as 1775. Dr. James 
 Stickney was another old physician of Newburgh. 
 
 Nathaniel Elmeu, of Florida, was a physician 
 of the Revolutionary era. He was a native of Sharon, 
 Conn., and removed to and settled at Florida, where 
 he practiced his profession for many years with credit. 
 His wife was a daughter of Judge William Thomp- 
 son, by whom he had three sons — Dr. William 
 Elmer, of Goshen ; Dr. Nathaniel Elmer, of Den- 
 tim; and Jesse Elmer, of Bellvale — and two daugh- 
 ters, — Mrs. Robert Armstrong and Mrs. Smith. After 
 the death of Mr. Smith the latter married Joshua 
 Conkling. Her children by Mr. Smith were John E. 
 Smith, of Goshen, and a daughter, who became Mrs. 
 Ira Gardner. By Mr. Conkling slie had William S., 
 who settled on the old Conkling homestead in Goshen ; 
 Enos S., of New York; George S., of Iowa; Mrs. 
 Samuel Wilson, of Bellvale ; and Nathaniel E., who 
 resides on the Dr. Elmer homestead. The latter has 
 
 displayed much taste in opening new streets and in 
 other undertakings of advantage to the community 
 in which he lives. 
 
 Thomas Wickham, John Gale,* John Pieeson, 
 and Benjamin Tusten, Jr., were all in practice in 
 the old township of Goshen in 1769, and some of 
 them at an earlier date. Dr. Di'Bois, of Warwick ; 
 Dr. Rosencrans and Dk. Henry White, of Mini- 
 sink; and Dr. Chandler, of Blooming-Grove, have 
 an honorable record in early history of this class of 
 physicians. 
 
 Benjamin Tusten was a native of Southold, L. I., 
 where he was born Dec. 11, 1743. He was the only 
 son of Benjamin Tusten, a respectable farmer, and re- 
 moved to the precinct of Goshen with his father's 
 family in 1746. He was educated at an academy in 
 Jamaica, L. I., and at nineteen years of age com- 
 menced the study of medicine under Dr. Thomas 
 Wickham, of Goshen, whose standing as a physician 
 was very high in his day. After spending a year 
 with Dr. Wickham he went to Newark, N. J., and 
 spent another year under Dr. Barnet, and a third 
 year in the office of Dr. Thomas Jones, of New York. 
 In 1769 he returned home and commenced practice in 
 competition with Dr. Wickham, Dr. Gale, and Dr. 
 Pierson, and soon performed some operations in sur- 
 gery which gave him considerable celebrity. In 1770 
 he introduced inoculation for smallpox, and for this 
 purpose hired four houses, — one in Hamptonburgh 
 (then Goshen), where he lived, another near Stony 
 Ford bridge, a third at East Division, and the fourth 
 on the little island near the cedar swamp. In these 
 houses he inoculated about eight hundred per.sons, 
 with such success as to entirely destroy the prejudice 
 which had previously existed. He kept his houses 
 two years, after which inoculation could be performed 
 in private houses. In the discussions which culmi- 
 nated in the Revolution he took an active part, and 
 during the remainder of his life did what he could to 
 secure independence. In 1777 he was appointed lieu- 
 tenant-colonel of the Goshen regiment of militia, and 
 in 1778 was appointed surrogate of the county. Hesi- 
 tating at no sacrifice, he marched with his neighbors 
 in the pursuit of the invaders of Minisink, and in the 
 battle with them gave up his life. His wife was a 
 Miss Brown, of Newark, N. J., by whom he had two 
 sons and three daughters. 
 
 After the Revolution, and prior to the formation of 
 the Orange County Jledical Society, a number of new 
 names were added to the list of what are now called 
 old physicians. Among this class was Joseph 
 Whalen, who located first in what is now the town of 
 Crawford in 1788, but soon after removed to near the 
 village of Montgomery, where he practiced medicine 
 for more than half a century. He was a native of 
 Ireland, well educated, and a gentleman in all re- 
 's Samuel Gale, fifth sou of John Gale, was born in Goshen iu 1743. He 
 was a physician of note in Troy, N. Y. 
 
I(i4 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NP]W YORK. 
 
 spects. In religious I'aitli lie was a Catholic, but 
 never intruded his o[)inions upon others. Hi.s 
 brother, Rev. Charles Whalen, an Irish Franciscan, 
 was the first Catholic jiriest stationed in New York. 
 He had been a chaplain on board the French ships 
 of Admiral de Grasse's fleet, engaged in assisting the 
 colonies. The late Joseph V. Whalen, for years one 
 of the principal lawyers of Montgomery, was his son, 
 and one of his daughters was Mrs. McWilliams, of 
 Montgomery, and another Mrs. Dennis McCool, of 
 Newburgh. We believe there were other children. 
 
 The following additional facts have been furnished. 
 The Whalen family are of Irish lineage and were first 
 represented in Orange County by the subject of this 
 biographical sketch. Dr. .Joseph Whalen, who left his 
 home at the close of the Revolutionary struggle, and 
 soon after his arrival on American soil located in 
 Crawford township, then Montgomery. 
 
 After a residence of a few years at this point he re- 
 moved to the village of Montgomery, the scene of his 
 lifelong professional labors. 
 
 He had already acquired a classical education and 
 made himself proficient in the science of medicine, 
 wliich proved congenial to his tastes. He determined 
 to follow this profession, and was licensed by the 
 Orange County Medical Society on the 1st of July, 
 1806, which at that early date was accorded full power 
 to examine and grant licences to practitioners. 
 
 The doctor was at the first meeting of the society 
 elected one of its censors, and subsequently held 
 many of its most responsible offices. He ranked 
 among the most judicious and skillful of the expon- 
 ents of the healing art in the county, and his reputa- 
 tion readily brought to him an extended practice. 
 
 He was a man of progressive ideas, of energetic 
 character, and of an indomitable will, which invari- 
 ably brought success to every project undertaken by 
 him. 
 
 Dr. Whalen was a man of varied accomplishments, 
 having received not only a liberal education but such 
 early training as moulded well his character and de- 
 veloped those traits which in later years rendered 
 him so fine an example of the " old-school gentle- 
 man." 
 
 He was a man of charitable instincts, and gave 
 much time and professional labor with little pecuni- 
 ary return. All deserving causes found in him a 
 helper, and the poor and suffering were invariably 
 the recipients of his bounty. He participated rarely 
 in public life, being always actively engaged in the 
 duties of his profession. At a meeting of the council 
 of appointments held at the city of Albany on the 
 20th of March, 1802, he was appointed surgeon of the 
 regiment of militia in the county of Orange of which 
 William Faulkner, Esq., was lieutenant-colonel com- 
 manding. In his religious tenets he espoused the 
 faith of his family, and was through life a firm but 
 unobtrusive Roman Catholic. Dr. Whalen was mar- 
 ried in early life to Mi.ss Mary Byrne. Their children 
 
 were Elizabeth, Mary, Martha, Catherine, Joseph 
 Virgil, and John Horace. His death occurred at 
 Montgomery, Orange Co., N. Y. 
 
 His grandson, Benjamin Crosby, who contributes 
 this memorial sketch, was born Dec. 31, 1831, on the 
 homestead. He spent his boyhood at school, first 
 near his home and later at Montgomery. In connec- 
 tion with his brother he came into possession of the 
 family estate. Mr. Crosby has spent his time in cul- 
 tivating this land. In politics he is a Republican, 
 though not an active worker in the political arena. 
 He is a worshiper at the Presbyterian Church of 
 Hopewell. 
 
 Increase Crosby. — The name of Crosby is, in 
 the State of New York, associated with distinguished 
 public services and high social position. In the ab- 
 sence of authentic facts regarding the family it will 
 be necessary to defer to the accepted legend handed 
 down by tradition, which relates that four brothers 
 emigrated from Scotland to the New World. On ar- 
 rival their paths diverged, — one having settled in 
 Pennsylvania, another in Massachusetts, while a third 
 chose the genial climate of the South, and the pres- 
 ence of the fourth is involved in uncertainty. 
 
 The subject of this biographical sketch is a repre- 
 sentative of the Massachusetts branch, and removed 
 from that State to Orange County during the latter 
 portion of the eighteenth century. Having, while in 
 New England, begun and completed the study of 
 medicine, on his arrival and after the purchase of the 
 ancestral property, he began the practice of his pro- 
 fession. Dr. Crosby may therefore be regarded as one 
 of the earliest practitioners in the county and a pio- 
 neer representative of the healing art. The duties 
 were at that time laborious, requiring long and tedious 
 rides over rough and unbroken roads, generally made 
 on horseback, from the superior convenience of this 
 mode of travel. The doctor was a skillful horseman, 
 and largely dependent upon the services of his trusted 
 steed. His original purchase, embracing sixty-four 
 acres, was increased by later acquirements, and in 
 1802 the homestead at present occupied by his de- 
 scendants was erected. Dr. Crosby was united in 
 marriage to Miss Isabella Milliken, of Ulster County, 
 and had children, — Robert, Cyrenus, and Mary, who 
 became Mrs. John Jordan, of Orange County. The 
 doctor was a pronounced Democrat, of the Jeffer- 
 sonian type, and strongly ]>ro-slavery in his views. 
 His life was one of great activity and extended use- 
 fulness, which was only ended by his death. May 13, 
 184.'), in his eightieth year. Mrs. Crosby died during 
 the year 1827. The birth of their son Robert occurred 
 on the homestead Nov. 12, 1791, where he followed 
 agricultural occupations during his lifetime. He was 
 a man of quiet tastes, had no political aspirati<ins, 
 and from choice filled no public offices. He was 
 married to Miss Catharine, daughter of Dr. Joseph 
 Whalen, born May 10, 1797, and became the father of 
 six children, — Cyrenus, who died in early life; In- 
 
ix^ 
 
 '>-) e^f*^ C*-^T i' 
 
 0-^ 
 
 C/-V 
 
PHYSICIANS. 
 
 1G5 
 
 crease, Joseph V. W., R. Milliken, Benjaiiiin, and 
 one who died in infancy. Tlie death of Mr. Crosby 
 occurred Aug. 2(5, 18;{.'i, and that of liis wife, March 
 17, 1S52. His son R. JIillii<en, who, with his brother 
 Benjamin, is owner of the homestead, and contributes 
 this sketch of his grandparent, was born June 16, 
 182G, and spent his early life at the paternal home, 
 luiving in 18-t.i assumed control of tlie farm. He 
 was, in 1800, nuirried to Miss Hannah C, daughter of 
 David C. Ball, of Crawford township, and became the 
 parent of tw'o children who died in infancy. Mr. 
 Crosby is in politics a Republican, though seldom a 
 participator in the strifes which secure official ad- 
 vancement. 
 
 D.win Ff)WLER, Jk., another of this class, settled 
 in North Newburgh in 1786. He was born at Crom 
 I'oiid, Westchester Co., and was engaged in com- 
 pleting his studies in New York when the Revolution 
 liroke out. After the British obtained possession of 
 the city he accepted the appointment of surgeon in 
 the Second Regiment of Loyalists, and served during 
 tlie continuance of the struggle. He resided ou his 
 farm at North Newburgh until 1828, when he re- 
 moved to the village of Newburgh, where he died in 
 183.5, when it was written of him that he " lived re- 
 spected, esteemed, and beloved, and died regretted. 
 His amiable manners, his correct deportment, and 
 the distinguished virtues which adorned his character, 
 secured him an extensive circle of friends. He was 
 the cheerful companion, the unwavering friend, the 
 kind and affectionate husband and father. He was a 
 blessing to his friends, an honor to the community, 
 and one of the highest ornaments of our nature. Of 
 him it may be truly said that he was a man without 
 guile and without reproach. He was just, generous, 
 humane, and benevolent. The strictest honor, probity, 
 and integrity were liai)pily blended in his character. 
 The law of God was his constant guide, and the day- 
 star of his noble and cultivated mind. Those who 
 knew him will often turn with melancholy pleasure 
 to the remembrance of his virtues, and drop a tear to 
 his memory." Gilbert Ogden Fowler, of Newburgh, 
 Dr. Fowler's only surviving son, has been noticed in 
 connection with the bench and bar. 
 
 Ch.\rles Fowler, for many years a practicing 
 physician in Montgomery, was a cousin of Dr. David 
 Fowler, of Newburgh. He married first, Sarah Hill, 
 and second, Ann E. McNeal. By his first wife he had 
 eleven children, of whom two were sons, viz.: Dr. 
 Charles G. Fowler and Peter H. Fowler. 
 
 Ele.vzer Gidxey, of Newburgh, was a descend- 
 ant from the Gidneys who located and gave name to 
 the district called Gidneytown, about 1760. He was 
 in practice at Newburgh at the commencement of the 
 present century. He died April 9, 1830, in his sev- 
 enty-second year. His sons were Dr. Charles S. 
 Gidney (born 1804, died 1850) and David F. Gidney, 
 of Goshen. He will receive further notice in connec- 
 tion with latter (see Bench and Bar). It may be 
 
 remarked here, however, that he had a very large 
 practice and was highly respected. 
 
 William Gourlay, of New Windsor, was a prac- 
 ticing jjhysician there soon after the Revolution. He 
 was a native of Ireland. 
 
 Elias Winfield, Phineas Hedges, Baltus L. 
 Van Kleeck, and Chichester Browx, of New- 
 burgh, deserve more extensive notice than our infor- 
 mation will enable us to give them. Elias Wis- 
 field was an editor as well as a physician, having 
 been connected witli the Rights of Man. He made 
 himself somewhat notorious in 1803 by his advocacy 
 of the theory that yellow fever was of " domestic 
 origin," and that it was " not a contagious disease." 
 He removed to Kingston and died there. His daugh- 
 ter Catharine married Josiah Hasbrouck, and had 
 issue eight children, one of whom, Gilbert, settled at 
 Napanoch, Ulster Co. 
 
 Phineas Hedges was an infidel, and is said to 
 have died " of visitation of God" for his participation 
 in the administering of " the Holy Communion" to a 
 dog, but the tradition is erroneous. He died in July, 
 1799, at which time it was written, " In justice to his 
 memory it ought to be observed that he was a man 
 possessed of a strong mind, and this mind highly im- 
 proved and cultivated by the principles of general 
 science and the knowledge of the philosophy of 
 nature." 
 
 Baltus L. Van Kleeck was, years ago, gener- 
 ally regarded as an eminently safe practitioner. He 
 died in 1843, aged sixty-nine. He came from Duch- 
 ess County. His sister was the wife of Judge Jona- 
 than Fisk ; his wife was a daughter of Robert Boyd, 
 of New Windsor. His son. Rev. Robert Boyd Van 
 Kleeck, of the Episcopal Church, died recently. 
 
 Chichester Brown was the son of John Brown, 
 of Monaghan, Ireland, who, from his connection or 
 sympathy with the Irish Rebellion of 1798, found it 
 necessary to escape to America, and who, soon after 
 his arrival here, located in Newburgh. His family, 
 including his son, followed him in 1800. The latter 
 was born in January, 1783, died Aug. 8, 1849 ; married 
 Catharine, daughter of Dr. Geo. Graham, of Shawan- 
 gunk ; had John, James, and George, the latter also 
 a physician. He received a liberal education, fol- 
 lowed for a time the occupation of a teacher, but 
 soon after took up the study of medicine under Dr. 
 Graham. In 1808 or 1809 he entered practice in the 
 western part of the town of Newburgh, and in 1812 
 or 1813 removed to the village, where he continued 
 to reside until his death. He was one of the most 
 devoted of physicians. No hardship was too great 
 for him to encounter, and the voice of suffering ahvays 
 found him ready at its call. Especially was he kind 
 and attentive to the poor. The wealthy he knew 
 could command attendance and comfort, and that the 
 poor were too frequently permitted to suffer and die 
 without a thought for their condition. This evil he 
 labored to correct, and in his mission of good never 
 
166 
 
 inSTORY OF ORANGE COUNTS', NEW YORK. 
 
 paused to inquire into the pecuniary circumstances of 
 liis patient. He Cell a martyr to tliis noble trait in 
 his character, —contracted disease in the humlile cabin 
 of the immigrant, and, after a short illness, rested 
 from his labors. If it be true that 
 
 " All uur actitins (ake 
 Tlieii' lilies fruiii the tiniipiexiuii of the lieiirt," 
 
 then is his memory justly cherished. 
 
 Dr. James McXair Gardiner was a lineal de- 
 scendant, in the third generation, of James Gairdner, 
 a native of Glasgow, Scotland, who married a Miss 
 McNair, and had issue, Robert, James, Margaret, and 
 Cecilia. 
 
 DR. .1 AMES McXUIi GAIUJIXEI!. 
 
 Robert Gardiner, father of Dr. Gardiner, was born 
 in Scotland, May 31, 1769. .4bout 1790 he emigrated 
 to this country, and took up a i)ermanent residence iu 
 Newburgh, where he clerked in the store of Hugh 
 Walsh, and afterwards of John Anderson and John 
 McAuley. He was the first to change the orthogra- 
 pliy of his name by transposition of the letter " i" 
 from the third to the tilth place in the family name. 
 In 1795 he established a general store on the south- 
 west corner of Water and Fourth Streets, and adjoin- 
 ing it he opened a " coffee-house," — the first of its 
 kind in Newburgh. His establishment became a 
 favorite place of public resort. He became a natu- 
 ralized citizen of Newburgh in 1802, and until 1812 
 followed the various avocations of a school-teacher, 
 painter, captain of a sloop, and merchant, finally 
 opening a confectionery and toy shop. He was a 
 member of the local militia, and in 1812 was ordered, 
 with the company of which he was first lieutenant, 
 to Staten Islan<l, where he remained about three 
 
 months. About this period the use of shinplasters 
 began, and "among the many individuals and corpo- 
 rations by whom they were issued," says Mr. Eager, in 
 his " History of ( )range County," " none had a greater 
 circulation than Robert Gardiner's small bills. Some 
 idea may be formed of the extent of the circulation 
 of shinplasters at that time when the fact is stated, 
 that the average weekly amount taken in exchange 
 for bank-bills and his own, together with what he re- 
 ceived in the course of business, amounted to no less 
 than two thousand dollars." 
 
 Robert Gardiner was twice married. His first wife 
 — to whom he was united in 1791 — was Jane, daugh- 
 ter of Benjamin Smith, who bore him the following 
 children, viz., James M., born Oct. 24, 1792 ; Robert 
 S., died young; Robert S. (2), born Oct. 29, 1795; and 
 Cecilia B., born July 11, 1799. Mrs. Jane Gardiner 
 died in 1803, and on Feb. 19, 1804, Mr. Gardiner 
 married Sybil Burr, of whom were born JefTerson V. 
 v. ; Arabella J. G. V. V. ; Cicero A., died Feb. 24, 
 187.J ; Demosthenes C. ; Iduella T. R. ; Lawrence L. ; 
 Marion A.; Zelima; Franklin M. ; Lewis W. ; Baron 
 Steuben; and Anastesia M., who married Lewis H. 
 Stausbrough. Mr. Gardiner died March 3, 1831, and 
 his wife in 1854. 
 
 Dr. James M. Gardiner was born in Newburgh on 
 the date indicated above, and received his academical 
 education in Newburgh. At the age of sixteen years 
 lie commenced the study of medicine under Dr. Gid- 
 ney, and subsequently pursued his professional studies 
 under Dr. Mott, of New York, for a year and a half. 
 He commenced practice in 1813, and a short time 
 after spent a year in the leading hospitals of Europe. 
 He engaged in the practice of his profession in New- 
 burgh throughout his life, and died Dec. 8, 1858. 
 
 As a physician Dr. Gardiner was devoted to his 
 profession, and enjoyed a large and successful practice 
 for nearly half a century. A short time before his 
 death he is alleged to have said that before he had 
 been a student one year, so great was the demand for 
 the services of a physician, that he was [lushed for- 
 ward by his instructor into practice, and that before 
 he was seventeen years of age he had attended with 
 success several difficult cases of child-birth. "Jlay 
 God forgive me for any errors in practice that I may 
 have committed then," said he, "but I did the best 
 for suffering humanity that I could. And since that 
 time, how many of the first accents of the living 
 and the farewells of the dying have fallen upon ray 
 arm. I have .seen suffering in all its forms ; have had 
 what few physicians can claim, two cases of triplets 
 — -one all boys and the other all girls — pass through 
 my hands into this breathing world; and, as a rule, I 
 may claim, and I am too near my grave to be accused 
 of boasting, a most successful practice."* On Sept. 8, 
 1814, he was appointed surgeon in the Ninety-first 
 Regiment of Militia, Gen. Hopkins' brigade, com- 
 
 ■^ Riitleliber's History of Newbiii-gli, pay^e liS.*. 
 
p^/« 
 
 'CC^-C 
 
 an.A-'t^-t^-^L^yzo 
 
PHYSICIANS. 
 
 167 
 
 inanrled by Col. Michael, but was not called into 
 active service. 
 
 Dr. Gardiner was of a studious turn of mind, pos- 
 sessed of a powerful memory, which was cultivated 
 and reinforced by a system of mnemonics of his own 
 invention, and brought to the discharge of hi.s profes- 
 sional duties a thorough knowledge of the ])athology 
 and cure of disease. Of a genial and happy disposi- 
 tion, possessed of wonderful personal magnetism, and 
 a faculty for story-telling which few enjoy, he bore a 
 pleasant look and encouraging manner into the cham- 
 ber of sickness, and was justly popular in the com- 
 munity in which he dwelt. He was a great reader, 
 was familiar with the works of the standard authors 
 of Great Britain as well as of his own country ; quoted 
 with facility from them, and was a frequent contribu- 
 tor to the literary associations to which he belonged 
 and to the public press. He was a remarkably good 
 chess-player, a game in which he took great delight, 
 and had few equals among the players of the State. 
 
 Dr. Gardiner was twice married — first to Maria, 
 daughter of Josiab Vail, of Wallkill, who died in 
 1824 ; and secondly, to Caroline H., daughter of David 
 Havens, of Cornwall, who survives him. By the first 
 marriage were born two children, Kobert W. and Lucy 
 Ann Cornelia, who married Dr. Daniel Wells, of New- 
 burgh. The issue of the second marriage were Maria 
 A., who married Charles Smith, of Newburgh, died 
 May 2, 1855; James H., died young; Walter Scott, a 
 poet and artistof ability and reputation; Caroline H. ; 
 James H., died young ; Emma Jane, who married 
 Charles Stewart, of Newburgh ; James H. (2); and 
 Henry C. James H. devotes much of his time to the 
 study of mathematical science, is in correspondence 
 with some of the leading scientists of the day, and, as 
 an amateur astronomer, was the discoverer of what is 
 known as Gardiner's comet, in 1863. 
 
 Dr. I.saa( Garrison was born in the town of 
 Plattekill, Ulster Co., N. Y., on Aug. 11, 1802, and 
 was the youngest of a family of ten children of Isaac 
 and Martha (Denton) Garrison. His father was an 
 intelligent farmer of Plattekill, and his grandfather, 
 Richard Garrison, early engaged in agricultural [lur- 
 suits near Sing Sing, N. Y. 
 
 The early life of Dr. Garrison was passed upon his 
 father's farm, and his educational advantages were 
 such as the common schools of his day afforded. At 
 the age of fifteen or sixteen years he attended the 
 academy at Sing Sing, Westchester Co., N. Y., for a 
 short time, and subsequently commenced the study of 
 medicine under his uncle. Dr. Joshua Garrison, of 
 Pleasant Valley. After one year he removed to New- 
 burgh, Orange Co., and pursued his studies under 
 Dr. Charles Miller, a leading physician and surgeon 
 of that city, with whom he remained four years. He 
 then attended courses of lectures at the Vermont 
 Medical College, Castleton, Vt., for two years, and 
 was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medi- 
 cine from that institution on Dec. 2, 1828. During a 
 
 I 
 
 portion of the time that he was in attendance upon 
 the Vermont Medical College, Dr. Garrison filled the 
 position of adjunct professor of anatomy in that 
 institution. 
 
 After receiving his degree Dr. (iarrison returned to 
 Newburgh, but owing to impaired health consequent 
 upon close application to his studies, he was obliged 
 to return to his fatlier's residence in Plattekill for 
 rest, where he passed the winter. The following 
 spring he was called to Newburgh by Dr. Miller, who 
 was then in poor health, as his assistant. Dr. Jliller 
 died soon after, and by his request Dr. Garrison suc- 
 ceeded to his large and lucrative practice, and contin- 
 ued in the regular and successful practice of his pro- 
 fession until 1849, when his health again failed him. 
 He then removed to Brockport, Monroe Co., N. Y., 
 and purchased a farm, residing there seventeen years. 
 During this period he acted as consulting physician 
 in a number of important cases, but did not pretend 
 to apply himself to regular practice. In June, 1865, 
 he returned to Newburgh, but did not resume the 
 duties of his profession. He has since resided in that 
 city. 
 
 Dr. Garri.son has led a quiet and retired life, confined 
 himself strictly to the regular practice of his profession 
 when iiermitted by his health to engage in active busi- 
 ness pursuits, and has avoided political and public life. 
 As a physician he was recognized as skillful in the 
 diagnosis and treatment of his cases, successful in meet- 
 ing and combating the various forms of disease with 
 which he met in an extensive practice, and in the de- 
 partment of surgery he ranked among the first of his 
 profession. He became a member of the Orange 
 County Medical Society on Jan. 21, 1829. During a 
 long residence in Newburgh he has ever performed 
 the part of a worthy and exemplary citizen, and will- 
 ingly co-operated in the various benevolent and pro- 
 gressive enterprises of his day. ( )n Feb. 26, 1827, he 
 was appointed by Governor DeWitt Clinton assistant 
 hospital surgeon of the Thirty-fourth Brigade of In- 
 fantry of New York. For many years he has been a 
 member of the Presbyterian Church of Newburgh. 
 
 Dr. Garrison has been three times married. His 
 first wife was Miss Matilda Miller, sister of Dr. 
 Charles Miller, of whom was born one child, which 
 died in infiincy. Miss Mary Tousey, the second wife, 
 died without issue. His present wife is Catharine A., 
 daughter of Jeremiah Scott, of New York. An only 
 son, Charles Miller Garrison, is a student of medicine 
 under Dr. John Deyo, of Newburgh. 
 
 David Hanford, M.D., was born July 16, 1786, 
 at Westport, Fairfield Co., Conn., and was graduated 
 from the Medical Department of Yale College in 1807. 
 
 He settled in the practice of his profession in Mid- 
 dletown, N. Y., in 1810, and was for thirty-four years 
 the leading physician of the place; identified with 
 all of its temporal and spiritual interests, and for 
 many years he was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
168 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 He was one of the number who pledged themselves 
 to provide means to bring tlie Erie Railroad from 
 Goshen to Middletown. 
 
 Dr. Hanford was one of the early members of the 
 Medical Society of Orange County, and was always 
 interested in the elevation and dignity of the profes- 
 sion. Dr. Hanford was one of the founders of the 
 Wallkill Academy, and took an active interest in it 
 as long as he lived. He died Oct. 13, 1844. 
 
 He married, in 1812, Margaret, daughter of Capt. 
 Daniel Bailey, one of the old settlers of Phillipsburgh, 
 Orange Co. 
 
 Two children survive, — John B. Hanford, a mer- 
 chant in Middletown, of the firm of Shaw & Hanford 
 i'rom 1840 to 185G (now retired), and one daughter, 
 Caroline, wife of Charles Young, a farmer in the town 
 of Hamptonburgh. 
 
 Charles Winfield, of Crawford, who died in 
 1858 or 1859, was the son of Daniel Winfield, of 
 Shawangunk, in which town he was born, June 15, 
 1789. He studied under Dr. Benjamin Bevier, and 
 subsequently graduated at the medical college in New 
 York. He commenced practice in Crawford, and con- 
 tinued there until his death, doing a large amount of 
 professional business, and maintaining with severity 
 his opposition to every species of empiricism and med- 
 ical imposture, under whatever name, place, or guise 
 soever. He was widely known as a politician and 
 public servant in an official capacity, as well as a 
 physician. Besides minor offices, he was repeatedly 
 elected supervisor of the town, and served as chair- 
 man of the board, and in 1832 and again in 1834 was 
 elected to the Assembly. He was a member of the 
 Reformed Dutch Church, and died, as he had lived, 
 in the love and fear of the Lord. His son, Charles 
 H. Winfield, of Goshen, was elected district attorney 
 in 1850, and member of Congress in 1863, aud again 
 in 1865. 
 
 David C. Winfield, M.D., was born in the town 
 of Crawford, Orange Co., N. Y., Nov. 19, 1817, the 
 eldest son and child of Dr. Charles Winfield and 
 Margaret Crawford, one of the family from whom the 
 town derived its name, aud was the fir.st of the chil- 
 dren to die. 
 
 His father. Dr. Charles Winfield, was a prominent 
 physician, well known in the counties of Orange, 
 Ulster, and Sullivan, residing upon a farm adjacent 
 to the village of Pine Bush, where the subject of this 
 memoir spent his youth attending school ; later, 
 partly employed in labor upon his father's farm, and 
 partly as a merchant's clerk in the country store of 
 Mr. Wm. I. Smith. 
 
 He pursued his classical studies at the Montgomery 
 Academy. In 1837 he entered his father's office as a 
 student in medicine and surgery. He attended medi- 
 cal lectures during the session of 1838-39 at the Col- 
 lege of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City, 
 and obtained his degree of Doctor in Medicine from 
 the Albany Medical College in the spring of 1840. 
 
 He at once began the practice of his profession as a 
 
 partner in the business witli his father, and so con- 
 tinued until his removal to Middletown in the fall of 
 1841. 
 
 On Nov. 26, 1845, he married Jane, daughter of the 
 late Henry S. Beakcs, and granddaughter of Stacy 
 Beakes, one of the earliest merchants of Middletown. 
 She survives her husband, and by her marriage with 
 Dr. Winfield has two sons, — Charles H., a member of 
 the firm of Wallace & Winfield, dry -goods merchants 
 of Middletown, and David C. Winfield. 
 
 After his removal to Middletown, Dr. Winfield 
 always resided and pursued his profession there until 
 his death, which occurred on May 23, 1878, with the 
 exception of the period of time from .Ian. 1, 1859, to 
 Jan. 1, 1865, when he was chosen to discharge the 
 duties of clerk of his native county, having been re- 
 elected in the fall of 1861. While filling this hon- 
 orable position he resided in Goshen. Previous to 
 his election to the position of clerk of the county, he 
 had suffered from occasional attacks of pulmonary 
 hemorrhage, which induced him to accept the office, 
 hoping by rest from the fatigue and avoidance of ex- 
 posure incident to his profession to regain his health. 
 Dr. Winfield has for several terms filled the jwsition 
 of presiding officer of the Medical Society of Orange 
 County, of which he became a member in 1843, and 
 at the time of his death was its vice-president. By 
 his fellow-citizens of Middletown Dr. Winfield was 
 highly esteemed, and held several positions of honor 
 and trust. He was a member of its board of water 
 commissioner* from its formation, in 1867, to the 
 time of his death ; also a director in the Wallkill 
 Bank from an early period of its existence until its 
 close; one of the incorporators of the Middletown 
 Savings-Bank, and its first vice-president from its or- 
 ganization to his decease; also for a number of years 
 a member of the board of education of Middletown, 
 aud at his death was its presiding officer. 
 
 As a physician, Dr. David C. Winfield attained to 
 a high position in the ranks of his chosen profession. 
 Possessed of a sound judgment, giving due deference 
 to the opinions of others, and exercising great care in 
 forming his own opinions, his advice was often sought 
 by his brother physicians, to whom he was always 
 courteous and generous. To his clientage he gave 
 the best efforts of his life, seldom consulting his own 
 convenience or comfort in answering their calls. He 
 soon gained and retained a strong hold upon their 
 respect and affection. To the poor among his patrons 
 he was always patient, considerate, and kind, often 
 supplementing his advice and remedies with substan- 
 tial evidences of the benevolence which was a prom- 
 inent trait of his character. Of an eminently social 
 disposition, he was always welcomed by neighbor and 
 friend as a genial and aft'able companion, while all 
 in the community in which he lived regarded him as 
 one of God's noblest works — " an honest man." 
 
 At the first meeting of the Medical Society of 
 
C^' 
 
 
 'f /cl^ 
 
^^^T^/^C^'U^^^ ^e^^^ 
 
PHYSICIANS. 
 
 169 
 
 Orange County after his death, among other resolu- 
 tions sliowing tlie high regard of the society for the 
 niemoiy of Dr. Winfleld were the following: 
 
 '■Itanhed, Tliiit iu the death of Dr. David C. W'iufield, of Middletown, 
 this society lias lost a member whom we all honored and sadly miss, and 
 ^^■i8ll to ex|ires8 onr grateful remembrance of his kindness of heart, his 
 manly ni»ii;;li(ue8.s and integrity of character, hia cheerful and faitiifnl , 
 discluirge III inufessional duty both to patients and to his medical I 
 biethren. 
 
 ^'Itesolfcd, That while his loss will long be regretted by his church and 
 the laige number of those who knew and luved him, nowhere outside of 
 his broken family circle will he be missed as by ns, — his fellows and 
 friends of the Orange Couuty Medical Society." 
 
 RoiiKUT Bh.vw, M.D. — The Shaw family are of 
 Scotfli-Irish extraction, having at an early period set- 
 tled in the north of Ireland, from whence a branch 
 emigrated to America about the year 1750. Among 
 this number was William, who chose a residence in 
 Orange County, purcliasing land in Mount Hope 
 townsliip, whicli is still in possession of the family. 
 He was united in marriage to Miss Mary Waldron, of 
 New Yorlc, and was tlie father of tlie following chil- 
 dren : John, Robert, iSamuel, Rev. Henry, Alexander, 
 William, James, Charles, Elizabeth, and Mary. The 
 death of William Shaw occurred in 1822. The sim- 
 plicity, integrity, and purity which governed his life 
 are best illustrated by embodying in this sketch the 
 following letter left by him on his death: "This is to 
 be read to my children when I am laid in the grave. 
 My dear children, as God in his mercy has given you 
 all the natural faculties and powers that are natural 
 to man, I hope you will daily return thanks for the 
 same, and that you will make the Scriptures your rule 
 of life, and seek and serve God in the way and man- 
 ner that he will approve and bless. As your mother 
 has nursed you with the greatest tenderness, endeavor 
 to give her a suitable return by honoring her person, 
 and receiving her counsels and providing for her 
 wants while God continues her in time. I hope you 
 will love and cherish one another, not taking the least 
 advantage, and if misfortune should befall any of you 
 I hope the rest will, not only with your counsel, but 
 with your property, assist your unfortunate brother or 
 sister. Be just in all your dealings with mankind ; 
 be content with your own, be it little or much, for it 
 is not the quantity that makes men happy, but being 
 content with your condition. Signed with my hand 
 this third day of June, one thousand eight hundred 
 and six." — William Shaw. 
 
 Robert, the second son of Mr. and Mrs. William 
 Shaw, was born Oct. 30, 1780, on the homestead, in 
 Mount Hope, wliere his early years were spent, the time 
 being varied by study at the neighboring public school, 
 or labor on the farm. He began his business career 
 at a later period by engaging in the employments of 
 a clerk at Kinderhook, N. Y., and at a subsequent 
 date embarked in mercantile pursuits at Carpenter's 
 Point. During this time his energetic mind sought a 
 wider sphere of activity, and prompted him to aspire 
 to a professional career. His leisure hours had already 
 12 
 
 been devoted to the study of medicine, and advantage 
 was taken of the earliest opportunity to enter the 
 ofBce of Dr. Jonathan Swezey, of Goshen, under whose 
 preceptorship he received his diploma. His first pro- 
 fessional labors were confined to Westtown, Orange Co., 
 where he immediately located. 
 
 In 1822 he purchased the family residence now oc- 
 cupied by his widow, in her eighty-first year, and his 
 son, William W. Shaw. Here Dr. Shaw continued 
 practice during the remainder of his life. 
 
 He was, Aug. 4, 1821, united in marriage to Miss 
 Meliiicent, daughter of Salmon Wheat, of Wallkill, 
 whose children were William W., Elizabeflr W., Mary 
 W., Robert Livingston, and William \V. (2). Dr. 
 Shaw was a man of much influence in the com- 
 munity, not more as a skillful physician than for his 
 high personal character. He was intimately associated 
 with the best and most prominent men of the day, 
 and filled, both socially and professionally, a large 
 place in the early history of the county. He was a 
 Whig in his political preferences, and a man of much 
 public spirit, though not an aspirant for official place. 
 He was a Presbyterian in his religious convictions, 
 and a cordial supporter of the church and all efforts 
 for the promotion of morality. 
 
 The death of Dr. Shaw occurred in 1848, and in- 
 spired the most earnest professions of regret as well 
 from the public as from nearer friends. 
 
 David R. Arnell, whose name deserves com- 
 memoration from his successful efforts in recovering 
 from the battle-field the remains of the heroes who 
 were slain at Minisink, is thus spoken of in an obitu- 
 ary notice in the Goshen Republican : 
 
 " Died, on the evening of Saturday, the 2d of September, 182G, David 
 R. Arnell, of the village of Goshen, aged fifty-five years. By his death 
 society has lost a valuable member, religion a distinguished supporter, 
 science a zealous votary, and the profession in which Jie was an extensive 
 practitioner an eminent and valualde member." 
 
 He was a native of the town of Minisink, but began » 
 his practice at Prospect Hill, near Scotchtowu, where 
 for some years before receiving his diploma he was 
 engaged in the manufacture of brown earthenware. 
 He removed to Goshen in 1808 and commenced prac- 
 tice, growing in public estimation until his death. 
 Devoted to his profession and active in all its inter- 
 ests, he gave time and thought to its study, and 
 was so especially useful as a member of the Orange 
 County Medical Society as to be regarded as its father. 
 Full of patriotic inclinations, he read a paper before 
 the society, in 1820, on Dr. Tusteu, which awakened 
 an interest that culminated in thegathering up of the 
 bones of the fallen at Minisink and their interment 
 at Goshen, and which planted the seed that subse- 
 quently bore fruit in the gift by Dr. Merritt H. Cash 
 of the present monument to their memory. 
 
 Charles Drake, one of the more recent i)hysi- 
 cians of Newburgh, was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y. 
 After receiving a liberal education he studied medi- 
 cine, and, after graduating, removed to Plattekill, 
 
170 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Ulster Co., and entered ui)on the practice of his pro- 
 fession. He married a daiigliter of Dr. Adna Heaton, 
 of Ulster Ctmiity. In 1846 he was elected to the 
 Assembly by the Democratic party. Soon after the 
 expiration of his term he removed to Newburgh, 
 where he continued the practice of medicine. In 
 1852 he was elected a member of the board of trus- 
 tees of Newburgh, and served one year. In 1S55 he 
 was elected clerk of the county by a combination of 
 " Whigs" and '' Barn-Burners," and served three 
 years. On the formation of the Republican party he 
 became one of its most zealous members. He died 
 Jan. 29, 1863. As a physician he occupied a high 
 rank, and throughout his professional career enjoyed 
 a large and lucrative practice. In his official trusts 
 he was faithful and efficient. He was charitable to 
 the poor, and his acts of kindness and benevolence 
 were only known to the recipients of his bounty. 
 He was outspoken and fearless in his views upon all 
 public questions. For many years previous to his 
 decease he was a member of Trinity Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church of Newburgh, and took a deep interest 
 in the erection of the church edifice now occupied by 
 that society. He will be remembered as one of the 
 representative men of Newburgh and the county. 
 His son, J. Hallock Drake, now of New York, was 
 district attorney of Orange County, 1865-68. 
 
 Dr. Meritt H. Cash. — Little is known with cer- 
 tainty of the early history of the Cash family that 
 carries us farther back tlian the grandfather of the 
 subject of this sketch. Daniel Cash was born in New 
 England ; tlie date of his birth is not known. He 
 afterwards lived in Pittston, Pa., and from thence re- 
 moved to Wyoming Valley, and with his wife and 
 child escaped from the massacre that soon after dev- 
 astated tliat beautiful valley. He made his way back 
 to Orange (bounty, and settled near Millsburgh, in the 
 town of Minisink. He and his wife died in the year 
 1789. Daniel Cash had eight children, — Isaac, Nathan, 
 Reuben, Mehitable, Ziphorah, Polly, Betsey, Milli- 
 cent. 
 
 Reuben, the third son of Daniel Cash, father of 
 Dr. Cash, was born Jan. 23, 1768, and died Jan. 6, 
 1828, aged sixty years. He married Millicent How- 
 ell, who died Sept. 3, 1838, aged sixty-three years. 
 They had nine children, viz., — Sally, Hannah, Dr. 
 Meritt H., Capt. John M., James M., Solomon V. R., 
 Phebe M., Fanny, and Selah J. 
 
 Dr. Cash was born in the year 1803, at Rutger's 
 Place, near Ridgebury, in the town of Minisink, 
 where hespent his life. His father gave him the advan- 
 tages of a liberal education, and being of a thoughtful 
 and studious disposition, he naturally turned his at- 
 tention to the professions, choosing that of medicine. 
 
 He graduated from the New York Medical College 
 about the year 1825, and commenced the practice of 
 medicine in his native town. He succeeded in gain- 
 ing the confidence of the people in a remarkable de- 
 gree, and in building up a practice that gave him at 
 
 once a foremost place among the physicians of Orange 
 County. 
 1 He was an active member of the Orange County 
 ' Medical Society, and aided materially in its organiza- 
 ■ tiou, and during his life he always took a deep interest 
 in its welfare. But the practice of medicine was not 
 the only direction in which his talent lay, or his use- 
 fulness was felt and appreciated in the community. 
 He was a far-seeing and accurate business man and 
 financier, and he not onlj' looked carefiilly after his 
 own interests, but his advice and counsel was much 
 sought by others, and, as executor and administrator, 
 many estates of his neighbors and friends were con- 
 fided to his care for settlement and distribution, and 
 his final accounting was always scrupulously exact 
 and rendered to the last farthing. He was twice 
 chosen to the State Legislature, and there acquitted 
 himself to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. 
 
 Late in life he married Hannah, daughter of Hon. 
 Joseph Davis, with whom he lived happily about 
 seven years, and whose memory he cherished fondly 
 to the end of his life. 
 
 Dr. Cash was never a robust man ; the seeds of con- 
 sumption were inherent in his nature, and perhaps 
 only for his strong will and persevering eft'orts in 
 battling against its fatal tendencies, would have laid 
 him in the grave much earlier. This tendency to 
 disease gradually undermining his health forced him 
 to relinquish the practice of medicine, and during his 
 later years he found pleasure and satisfaction for his 
 active mind in reading, in agriculture, and the care of 
 his ample estate ; and notwithstanding his apparent 
 supreme disregard of riches in itself considered, his 
 fortune, under his wise and careful management, con- 
 tinued to increase and multiply to the end of his days. 
 
 Dr. Cash was a man of plain and simple tastes, 
 caring very little for affectation, or making anything 
 like a display of his wealth. 
 
 He was not an open professor of religion, yet he 
 was a God-fearing man, a careful student of the Bible, 
 talked freely of the future state, accepted in faith the 
 promises of God, and often expressed a hope of a 
 blessed immortality beyond the grave. As a rule he 
 was kind to the poor, and was ever ready to extend a 
 helping hand to any who proved themselves worthy 
 of his confidence. He was a true patriot, and loved 
 his country with a supreme devotion, and always took 
 a great interest in its politics and general welfare, and 
 he always felt a pride in relating the deeds of prowess 
 recorded of his Revolutionary ancestors and the dis- 
 tinction they acquired in that struggle ; and any 
 measure that had for its object the advancement of 
 its interests, politically or socially, always found in 
 him a warm friend and earnest advocate. 
 
 In the ancestral home he spent his life, and there, 
 amid the scenes of his youth and among the people 
 who had respected him in his riper years, and learned 
 to love and revere him in his old age, he calmly died, 
 April 26, 1861. 
 
^€>, 
 
 •1^ -- r ' =fes-'X* 
 
 /^-r^Lyi^t^-^^ ^^^^^^^2-^_y<;^^<^^-^ c-x^ 
 
 His aiicrstors ciuiio from England iiiiil seltlcd at 
 Flushing, L. I. William Wright, his graiuH'ather, 
 was born there in 1736, and moved to Duchess County, 
 N. Y., in 1760. He there married Jemima Haight, and 
 lived the life of a farmer, holding the office of justice 
 of the peace under the crown of England during the 
 colonial struggle for independence. He died in 1812. 
 His wife died in 182.5, in the eighty-sixth year of her 
 age. Enos, son of William and Jemima Wright, horn 
 in April, 1772, married Mary Woolsey, of West Chester 
 County, on Jan. 15, 1799. He lived in Fishkill, Duchess 
 Co., and gave his time and attention to agricultural 
 pursuits. By this marriage were born Elizabeth, died 
 young ; Mary, married William Anthony, died in 1826 ; 
 Bartow; Hannah, married William Anthony as his 
 second wife, and died in 1860; William W., a retired 
 merchant of New York City ; and Josiah W., deceased. 
 Enos Wright died in June, 18-55. His wife died in 
 January, 1822. 
 
 Bartow Wright, M.D., was born at Fishkill, Duchess 
 Co., N. Y., Nov. 28, 1805. His early life was spent 
 there, and he attended the Fishkill Classical School of 
 Rev. Dr. Westbrook. At the age of twenty he began 
 the study of medicine under Dr. Bartow White, of 
 Fishkill, and afterwards entered the office of Dr. Theo- 
 dore Anthony, of the same place, as a student. Subse- 
 quently he attended medical lectures at the Western 
 Medical College, located at Faiifield, Herkimer Co., 
 N. Y. Dr. Wright commenced to practice medicine in 
 the year 1830, at which time he settled at Campbell 
 Hall, Orange Co., N. Y., dependent upon his own re- 
 sources and his professional education. For neaily half 
 
 a century he practiced medicine in Hiiinptonburgh and 
 adjoining towns, and was widely and favorably known 
 as a man and as a physician. For the past few years be 
 has retired from active jiractice, but frequently acts as 
 counsel. 
 
 For many years he has been a member of the Orange 
 County Medical Society, and was formerly its president. 
 In his early life he paid some attention to local school 
 interests, but for many years his entire time and energies 
 have been devoted to his profession, and the fraternity 
 have always regarded him as a lover of his chosen life- 
 work, and interested in its advancement in both county 
 and State. 
 
 Dr. Wright was an original stockholder and is a 
 director of the Montgomery and Erie Railway. He is 
 an active member of the Presbyterian Church of Hamp- 
 tonburgh, and interested in all that pertains to the wel- 
 fare of his town and people. 
 
 In 1839 he married Mary Ann, daughter of William 
 and Keturah Bull, of Wallkill, N. Y., and their chil- 
 dren were William B., born in September, 18-10; was 
 graduated at Princeton College, N. J., and afterwards 
 at the New York College of Physicians, and was subse- 
 ([uenlly professor of ancient and modern languages at the 
 Buffalo Normal College ; he married Mary C, daughter 
 of Gen. Nivon, of Sullivan County, N. Y. ; was brevetted 
 major for gallant service in the late war, attained some 
 reputation as a literary man, and died at Atlanta, Ga., 
 in 1880. The second child was Bartow; married Mary, 
 daughter of Dr. Walsh, of Port Jervis, and lives in 
 Goshen. Catharine W., who died in June, 1871, in the 
 twenty-first year of her age. 
 
PHYSICIANS. 
 
 171 
 
 By will, his large fortune was distributed among his 
 relati ves, a special bequest havingbeen made to Orange 
 County, to be expended in the purchase of a suitable 
 monument to commemorate those who fell at the bat- 
 tle of Minisink, a bequest which was gratefully ac- 
 cepted by the people of Orange County. 
 
 Proud of the distinction of having raised up so 
 noble a son in their midst, and for his noble munifi- 
 cence and liberality, his name will be venerated and 
 his memory cherished so long as Orange County has 
 a name to live. 
 
 Harvey Everett, M.D. — His grandfather, Eph- j 
 raim Everett, born in 1742, was of English origin, and 
 came from Long Island in 1762 and settled on some 
 two hundred acres of land in the town of Wallkill, 
 Orange Co., N. Y., upon which he resided until his 
 death, in December, 1834. 
 
 He is said to have purchased and used the first 
 wagon in the town. He was one of the early mem- 
 bers of the Presbyterian Church at Scotchtown. 
 
 His wife, Beulah, was a daughter of David Moore, 
 one of the early settlers of Goshen, who died in 1789. 
 
 Their children were Julia (wifeof Obadiah Howell), 
 Ephraim, Walter, Lydia (wife of David Keeve), 
 Hephzibah (wife of Daniel Moore), Benjamin, David, 
 and Freelove (wife of Samuel Kirk). 
 
 Of these children, David, father of our .subject, 
 born in 1783, married Sarah, daughter of Andrew 
 Clark McNish, who was of Scotch descent, and grand- 
 son of Rev. George McNish, the progenitor of the 
 McNish family in Orange County. She was born in 
 Wallkill in 1789, and died in 1872. 
 
 David Everett succeeded to the homestead by pur- 
 chase, and there carried on agricultural pursuits until 
 his death, which occurred in 1848. He was a quiet, 
 unostentatious man, and passed through life esteemed 
 for his integrity in all the relations of life, unmoved 
 by the bickerings of political strife, and never sought 
 oflice or held any, except to serve his town for a time 
 as assessor, and fill some other minor places. 
 
 His children are Dr. Harvey, subject of this sketch ; 
 Henry L., inherited the homestead, where he resided 
 until a few years prior to his decease, when he re- 
 moved to Middletowu, where he died at the age of 
 fifty-nine ; and George Whitfield, who also remained 
 on the homestead most of his life, and was never 
 married. He died at the age of fifty-nine. 
 
 Dr. Harvey Everett was born Dec. 19, 1811, and 
 received his early education in the public and private 
 schools of Middletown and at the Montgomery Acad- 
 emy. 
 
 He began the study of medicine with Dr. John T. 
 Jansen, of Minisink, Orange Co. ; matriculated at 
 the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York 
 City, and subsequently attended a course of lectures 
 at the Vermont Academy of Medicine at Woodstock, 
 from which he was graduated in 1834. 
 
 After his graduation he settled in practice at Mid- 
 dletown, where he has remained since, a period of 
 
 forty-seven years, retaining, by his skill in the treat- 
 ment of diseases, and by his care and devotion to his 
 patients, the confidence of a large and influential 
 part of the community here and in the surrounding 
 towns. 
 
 Dr. Everett has taken an active part in educational 
 matters, and has been a promoter of all worthy local 
 objects in the community. 
 
 He became a member of the Orange County Medi- 
 cal Society in 1839; was one of the board of school 
 inspectors of Wallkill from 1835 until that office was 
 abolished, and for some ten years following he was 
 school superintendent of that town. He was also 
 supervisor of the town from 1842 to 1844 inclusive; 
 one of the board of trustees of the Wallkill Academy 
 from its founding, in 1841, until 1868; a member of 
 the board of education from 1868 until 1872, and 
 president of the board in 1871 and 1872. 
 
 He married, in January, 1837, Sarah A., daughter 
 of Walter and Abigail (Corwin) Everett, of Wallkill, 
 who was born in March, 1811. 
 
 Their two surviving children are Darwin, graduated 
 at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New 
 York in 1864 ; was appointed on the medical staft" at 
 Bellevue Hospital, where he remained until 1806, 
 when he settled in a successful practice at Middle- 
 town, which he continues in 1881. 
 
 Genevieve is the wife of Frank B. Denton, of Mid- 
 dletown. 
 
 Samuel M. Crawford, M.D. — The family of 
 Crawfords were of Scotch extraction, and early emi- 
 grated to the north of Ireland, from whence, a branch 
 embarked for the United States. 
 
 Members of this colony found their way to Orange 
 County, and settled in the township of Montgomery 
 (now Crawford), the birthplace of Samuel, the grand- 
 father of the subject of this biographical sketch. He 
 devoted his life to the pursuits of agriculture, and was 
 united in marriage to Miss McCurdy, of the same 
 township, to whom were born sons, Archibald, Moses, 
 Robert, and Jonathan, and four daughters. Mr. 
 Crawford's death took place in the township of Craw- 
 ford, which was for many years a portion of Mont- 
 gomery. The birth of his son Moses occurred in the 
 latter township, in 1777, his life having been spent 
 in the occupation of farming. He married Elenor, 
 daughter of Alexander Thompson, of Montgomery, 
 and became the father of seven children, — Alexander, 
 Samuel M., Jonathan, Matilda (Mrs. N. P. Hill), Isa- 
 bella, whose death occurred in early life, Jane T. 
 (Mrs. Wm. B. Crawford), and Mary. Of this num- 
 ber Samuel M. was born Feb. 5, 1810, in the town- 
 ship of Montgomery, where the years of his boyhood 
 were spent. The public school of the district was 
 first attended, after w-hich the academy in the village 
 of Montgomery enabled him to acquire proficiency in 
 the classics, and fitted him for admission to Union 
 College, at Schenectady, N. Y., in 1829, from which 
 ijistitutiou he was graduated in 1832. He at once 
 
lIISTOliY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YOKK. 
 
 began the study of medicine under the preceptorship 
 of Dr. George Eager, of Montgomery, and received 
 bis diploma in 1836. 
 
 The doctor soon after chose his native township as 
 a commanding field of labor, where he began his pro- 
 fessional career, and has since been an active practi- 
 tioner. He is now one of the oldest representatives 
 of the profession in Orange County, and though en- 
 titled, after a laborious life spent in the interests of 
 the science of medicine, to a respite from toil, still 
 responds to the many demands made upon his skill 
 and knowledge derived from wide experience. 
 
 Dr. Crawford was, in April, 1836, married to Miss 
 Eliza A., daughter of John C. Niemyer, of Virginia. 
 They have had eight children, of whom the following 
 survive: Matilda (Mrs. J. C. Wilbur), Susan V., ! 
 Henry v., and Mattie (Mrs. C. H. Hinckley). In his 
 political affinities the doctor is a stanch Republican, j 
 though an active professional life has left little time 
 for participation in the campaign strifes incident to 
 official preferment. His religious views are those of 
 the Presbyterian denomination, his family being : 
 among the worshipers of the cluirch in Montgomery. 
 Dr. Crawford is one of the earliest living members of 
 the Orange County Medical Society, having joined it 
 in 1837. 
 
 De. Thomas S. Edmonston. — The progenitor of : 
 this family in Orange County was James Edmonston, 
 who, with his wife, Margaret Smith, came to this 
 country in 1720 from Enniskillen, County Tyrone, 
 Ireland. He remained for seven years at Plymouth, 
 Mass., where he landed, and then settled on 200 acres 
 ►>f land in the town of New Windsor, Orange Co. 
 When the army came to this county, Mr. Edmonston 
 IbeJag an old settler and acquainted with the country, 
 Cren. Washington requested him to go with him and 
 C!ol. Pickering and select a camp-ground, which he 
 did, leading them by an Indian path to the Square, 
 iivheie they established their camp. Mr. Edmonston 
 aiad many encounters with the Indians, who were 
 about him in great numbers and hostile during the 
 -French war, and at one time he came near being 
 scalped. The stone house which he built in 1755 is 
 sstill standing, and the property is still held by his 
 tflftscendants. His children were William and Sally. 
 'TJja latter married Patrick McDaniel. William niar- 
 a-ifl3 Jane, dai.ighter of David Sutherland, of Canter- 
 (buiry, Cornwall, who bore him four daughters and 
 Ahxee sons, of whom James was father of our subject, 
 ttvasa major in the Revolutionary war, and after its 
 oclose he was a farmer near Newburgh, and died in 
 3844, in the occupation of his farm. His wife was 
 dertzudc Harris, of Poughkeepsie, by whom he had 
 .-a large family of children. One son, Samuel, was a 
 physician in New York City. DeWitt Clinton was a 
 prominent physician of Newburgh for many years, 
 and his widow survives in 1881, and resides in that 
 ccity. Harris was a physician, first settled at Wash- 
 ingtonville, and afterwards in Newburgh, where he 
 
 died. William had a son, William Henry, who was 
 a practicing jjhysician at Jacksonville, Fla., and died 
 at the old homestead. Thomas S. Edmonston, next 
 youngest of the family, was born on the homestead, 
 near Newburgh, March 13, 1804. He received a good 
 education in the schools of Newburgh and became a 
 teacher. Upon reaching his majority he began the 
 study of medicine with Dr. James M. Gardiner, of 
 Newburgh, and about the same time established him- 
 self in the drug business there, which he carried on 
 while prosecuting his medical studies. 
 
 He received a license to practice physic and surgery, 
 Jan. 20, 1829, from the Herkimer Medical Societ)-. 
 About that time, while passing through the village of 
 Chester, be chanced to put up at the hotel in the 
 place when the landlord's wife was very ill of a fever, 
 and many others in the village were sick from the 
 same disease. The attending physician having given 
 up as incurable the landlady. Dr. Edmonston at once 
 began the treatment of her case, and not only was he 
 successful and restored her to health, but cured the 
 rest in the vicinity in the same way afflicted. He 
 soon after resolved to settle at Chester, which he did, 
 and at once was inducted into a lai'ge and lucrative 
 practice, which continued until his death, in a great 
 measure caused by overwork and exposure, which 
 occurred March 11, 1852. 
 
 As a physician. Dr. Edmonston ranked among the 
 first in Orange County. He was indefatigable in his 
 devotion to the interests and care of his patients, skill- 
 ful in the treatment of complicated diseases, sympa- 
 thetic in cases of suffering, and his services were often 
 given at all times of day or night to those from whom 
 remuneration was impossible, as well as to those who 
 were abundantly able t» compensate him for his 
 services. As a citizen, he was honorable in the pro- 
 motion of all worthy local objects, and endeared to 
 the people not only in Chester, but in the adjoining 
 towns of Warwick, Goshen, Hamptonburgh, and 
 Blooming-Grove, where his practice extended. His 
 consultations often reached to other counties, and his 
 counsels commanded the confidence and respect of 
 his associates. 
 
 At the time of his death he was a member of the 
 Presbyterian Church at Chester. His wife was 
 Drusilla, youngest daughter of John and Christina 
 (Wells) Decker, and granddaughter of Johannes 
 Decker, who in 176S owned the mill and property 
 where Waldeu, town of Montgomery, is now a thriv- 
 ing and prosperous village. The Deckers were among 
 the early settlers of Esopus, and as early as 1689, 
 Broerson Decker was numbered among the Huguenot 
 settlers of Ulster County who found homes on the 
 banks of the Hudson. She had one sister, Cornelia, 
 wife of George G. Mitchell, and one brother, Theo- 
 dore Wells, a graduate of the Rensselaer Polytechnic 
 Institute of Troy, N. Y. 
 
 Christina Wells was great-granddaughter of Sarah 
 Wells, the first reputed white woman in the town of 
 
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PHYSICIANS. 
 
 ■ 173 
 
 Goshen, and a lineal descendant of Hon. William 
 Wells, an educated lawyer in England, who came to 
 America, and was high sheriff of New Yorkshire, on 
 Long Island. The father of Christina Wells was 
 ■Joshua, who was born at Goshen in 1744, was a soldier 
 in the colonial army, married Rhoda Booth, a grand- 
 daughter of William Bull and .Sarah Wells, and died 
 in 1819, he being the son of John Wells, the ]irogenitor 
 of the tamily in Orange County. The children of Dr. 
 Edmonston are John Decker and Cornelia Mitchell 
 Edmonstou. 
 
 S. G. Carpenter, M.D. — The Carpenter family, of 
 which Dr. Carpenter is a member, is one of the oldest 
 in Orange County, and he is a descendant of Capt. 
 Solomon Carpenter, one of the first to own land in 
 the town of Goshen. 
 
 Papers now in possession of the family show that 
 Capt. Solomon Carpenter, of .Jamaica, L. I., deeded 
 412i acres of land on May 1, 1714, situated in Wawa- 
 yanda, now Goshen, to John Everett and Samuel 
 Clowes for £80. 
 
 Another sale was made by him to John Yelverton 
 in 1749, and the instrument of sale was witnessed by 
 an Indian named " Herkiahena." 
 
 In 1753 he made a sale of land in Goshen to his son 
 Solomon, and in 1715 he made a sale to John Carpen- 
 ter, of Jamaica, L. I., of land in Goshen, and John 
 Carpenter in 1779 sold land to his son John in the 
 south division of the old town of Goshen. 
 
 The will of Capt. Carpenter, dated 1763, designates 
 his sons Solomon and Nehemiah as his executors, and 
 provides among other things that the negro children 
 should be learned to read the Bible and know the 
 shorter catechism of the Presbyterian Church by 
 whoever purchased them by the time they were 
 twenty years old ; that the elders and ministers of that 
 church were to judge if this had been done at that 
 age, and if not, they were to jiut them to school at 
 the expense of their masters until it was accomplished 
 and the officers of the church satisfied. 
 
 Capt. Solomon Carpenter seems to have been a man 
 of great enterprise and good business ability, and one 
 of tlie early founders and promoters of the Presby- 
 terian Church here. Another member of the family, 
 Michael Carpenter, was appointed June 1, 1770, by 
 Governor George Clinton, ensign of a company of 
 militia. 
 
 Neliemiah, father of our subject, was born in 
 Goshen, March 2, 1798, was a farmer in the west divi- 
 sion of the town, also in the town of Mount Ho|)e, 
 during most of his active business life, but spent his 
 latter years at Chester, where he was engaged in the 
 drug business with Dr. Carpenter, his son. During 
 his residence in Goshen he was a member of the 
 Presbyterian Church there, and for several years 
 officiated as deacon. lie died April 20, 1858. 
 
 His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Caleb Gold- 
 smith, of Scotchtown, Orange Co., whom he married 
 Jan. 5, 1824. She was born April 17, 1800. 
 
 I 
 
 Their children are Dr. Solomon G. Carpenter and 
 Mary E., born Nov. 12, 1834, wife of Jehiel G. Clark, 
 a merchant at Chester. 
 
 Solomon G. Carpenter was born Jan. 6, 1825. He 
 prepared for college at the Farmers' Hall Academy, 
 Goshen, but on account of ill-health was obliged to 
 relinquish his desire to take a college course. 
 
 In 1842 he began the study of medicine with Dr. J. 
 W. Ostrom, of Goshen, attended three courses of lec- 
 tures at the University of the City of New York, and 
 was graduated from the medical department of that 
 institution in 1845. 
 
 Dr. Carpenter settled the same year in practice at 
 Chester, and has devotedly and continuously practiced 
 medicine in Chester and the surrounding vicinity- 
 since, where for a period of thirty-six years he has 
 retained the confidence of the community as a skill- 
 ful, self-reliant, judicious, and honest practitioner. 
 
 From 1848 until 1858 he carried on a drug-store at 
 Chester in connection with his professional duties. 
 
 Dr. Carpenter has been a member of the Orange 
 County Medical Society since 1845. His. wife was 
 Mary S., daughter of Jacob Feagles, of Amity, this 
 county, whom he married Nov. 12, 1857. She died 
 Jan. 7, 1865, aged thirty-seven years, leaving the 
 following children : Lizzie, Mary S., and Clara. 
 
 Charles P. SxMITh, M.D. — His grandfather, Isaac 
 Smith, born at Jamaica, L. I., March 8, 1755, came to 
 Orange County with his parents when he was twelve 
 years old. His active business life was spent in the 
 town of Chester as a farmer. 
 
 He married Mehetabel, daughter of Joshua Wells, 
 who was a descendant of Hon. William Wells, an 
 educated lawyer of England, born near Norwich in 
 1608, and who settled upon Long Island, where he 
 became high sheriff of New Yorkshire, his great- 
 grandson, John, being the first settler of the family 
 in Orange County, and died there July 4, 1776. She - 
 was born March 14, 1768, and died Nov. 22, 1831. 
 
 Isaac Smith died Oct. 14, 1836, leaving the follow- 
 ing children : Parshall, Hezekiah, Joanna (wife of 
 Isaac Van Duzer), Isaac, Sarah, Julia Ann, Eliza 
 Jane (wife of Abram Demerest). Of these children, 
 only Mrs. Demerest survives in 1881, having beeiB 
 born April 17, 1808. 
 
 Isaac was the father of Dr. Smith ; was boni Dce- 
 22, 1800, and died April 19, 1850. He was a farmer 
 in West Milford, N. J., during the early part of his 
 life, and subsequently settled at Chester, where he 
 was engaged in the mercantile business until his 
 death. He was an industrious and active business 
 man, liberal to the needy, and devoted to the princi- 
 ples of Christianity. He was an elder of the Pres- 
 byterian Church at West Milford, and a promoter of 
 all worthy local objects. 
 
 His wife was Katy Maria, daughter of James 
 Smith, of Chester, who was born Feb. 7, 1803, and 
 died April 19, 1838. 
 
 The children born of this union are Joanna, wife 
 
174 
 
 HISTORY OF OEANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 of John Yeomans, of Troy, Pa. ; Sarah, born Jan. 
 17, 1825, died Oct. 4, 1857, was the wife of George W. 
 Vreeland ; Charles P., subject of this sketch, born 
 Feb. 27, 1827; Oscar F., a farmer of West Milford; 
 Phebe Jane, born Feb. 24, 18.32, died unmarried Feb. 
 10, 1855; James M., born April .3, 1834, died March 
 10, 1864 ; Amzi L., a clergyman of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. 
 
 For his second wife, Isaac Smith married Mary K. 
 DeKamp, who was born Aug. 12, 1806, and died Oct. 
 14, 1855, leaving a surviving daughter, — Julia Eliza- 
 beth, wife of George W. Masten, of Chester. 
 
 Dr. Parshall Smith spent his boyhood on the home 
 farm, and in attending the district school and receiv- 
 ing private instruction from Eev. Cornelius Conkling, 
 the Presbyterian minister of the place. At the age 
 of .sixteen he became a teacher, and taught school for 
 one year. He then entered the preparatory school of 
 the New York University, intending to take a col- 
 legiate course, but failing in means to carry out his 
 object, and being wholly dependent upon his own re- 
 sources, after one year there he returned to teaching, 
 which he continued until the age of twenty, and be- 
 gan the study of medicine with Dr. D. D. Meeker, of 
 West Milford. In the winter of 1849-50 he attended 
 his fir.st course of lectures at the New York Univer- 
 sity Medical College, and in the spring following 
 jjurchased the drug-store of Dr. G. S. Carpenter, at 
 Chester, Orange Co., wliich he carried on for a year, 
 at the same time doing what practice was offered, 
 which, however, was confined largely to charity. His 
 second course of lectures was taken at Castleton 
 Medical College in 1851, from which he graduated at 
 the close of the term. 
 
 After his graduation he returned to Chester, where, 
 by indomitable per.severance and integrity, his skill 
 as a physician and surgeon soon gained the confidence 
 of a respectable part of the community, and where 
 he has very successfully continued the practice of his 
 profession since, — a period of thirty years. 
 
 Dr. Smith is widely known as a devoted, judicious, 
 and skilllul physician, and a man of marked ability 
 as a skillful surgeon in difiicult cases. In tlie treat- 
 ment of diseases he has the confidence of a large 
 •community in the surrounding towns, and his counsel 
 is often sought by his medical brethren outside of his 
 regular ride. 
 
 As a citizen, Dr. Smith is eminently interested in all 
 tliat pertains to the welfare of the people and to the 
 prosperity of tlie place where he resides. In matters 
 of religion and education Dr. Smith takes an active 
 interest, contributing liberally of time and means 
 thereto. He was elected a member of the board of 
 education upon tlie organization of the uniini graded 
 school at Chester, has been a member continuously 
 since, and for several years past president of the 
 board. 
 
 His first wife was Caroline, daughter of Thomas C. 
 Jennings, of Edenville, N. Y., whom he married 
 
 June 8, 1853. She died March 27, 1854, leaving no 
 children. 
 
 For his second wife he married Susan, daughter of 
 Jacob Feagles, of Amity, Orange Co., who died June 
 15, 1857, leaving no issue. His present wife is Susan, 
 daughter of John B. Randolph, of Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 whom he married Nov. 2, 1859. She was born 
 March 13, 1838. Their children living are Mary L., 
 Henry B., Charles P., Anna N., Joseph H., and 
 William H. 
 
 Solomon Van Etten, M.D. — The great-grand- 
 father of Dr. Van Etten was Anthony Van Etten, of 
 Rochester, Ulster Co., N. Y., who settled in the val- 
 ley of the Neversink about the year 1743, having 
 built a shop and followed the trade of a blacksmith. 
 His occupation proved so lucrative as to have enabled 
 him soon to purchase valuable lands in the neighbor- 
 hood, which are nearly all still in possession of the 
 family. On the maternal side, Dr. Van Etten's grand- 
 father was Benjamin Carpenter, and his grandmother 
 Miss Margaret Decker, daughter of Maj. Johannes 
 Decker, of historic memory, and one of the pupils at 
 school on the occasion of the raid made by Brant, the 
 Indian chief, when the life of the teacher and others 
 were sacrificed by his warriors. The house of Maj. 
 Decker was burned by this marauding band, and the 
 owner badly wounded previous to the battle of Mini- 
 sink. 
 
 Among the children of Anthony Van Etten was 
 Levi, whose son Levi married Elinor Carpenter. 
 Their son Solomon was born July 30, 1829, in Deer- 
 park, Orange Co., N. Y., and .spent the first sixteen 
 years of his life at home and in attendance upon the 
 neighboring public school. He then repaired to the 
 Unionville Academy, and devoted two years to study 
 under the direction of William Rankin. After fur- 
 ther time spent at school, under the instruction of 
 David L. Towle, Esq., at the Farmers' Hall Academy, 
 Goshen, N. Y., he adopted the profession of medicine, 
 having entered the office of Dr. B. W. Thompson, of 
 Goshen, N. Y. He graduated from the Albany Medi- 
 cal College in June, 1855. 
 
 Immediately after he chose Port Jcrvis as a desirable 
 field for the exercise of his skill, and has since resided 
 at that point. Dr. Van Etten has developed not only 
 a taste for, but much proficiency in the art of surgery, 
 a large field for which is presented by the numerous 
 accidents occurring upon the line of the Erie Rail- 
 road. 
 
 He entered the service of the government during 
 the late Rebellion as surgeon of the Fifty-sixth Regi- 
 ment of New York State Volunteers, which was re- 
 cruited in 1861. His career was brilliant, and his 
 advancement rapid. He was speedily appointed 
 brigade surgeon, and in 1862 was assigned to the 
 charge of Gen. Terry's division, where he did valua- 
 ble service both in the surgical and medical depart- 
 ment of the army, and retired with the rank of lieu- 
 tenant-colonel. He was also largely instrumental in 
 
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 Vcla^ &tf:t:eX^ 
 

 ^^^^f-i'T.^.^^ 
 
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PHYSICIANS. 
 
 175 
 
 the raising of recruits from his own State. Dr. Van 
 Etten has been since the formation of the party a 
 Republican, and was elected in the fall of 18fil super- 
 visor of his township. He was also nominated in 
 early life as a candidate for member of the Legislature, 
 and received a flattering vote in a district largely 
 Democratic. 
 
 Dr. Van Etten was first married, Feb. 21, 1856, to 
 Miss Harriet, daughter of Col. Levi Westbroolc, of 
 Waverley, N. Y., who died in 1857 ; and a second 
 time, in September, 1865, to Mrs. Maria B. Sawyer, 
 daughter of Hon. Nathan Bristol, of Waverley, N. 
 Y. They have two children, — a son, Nathan B., and 
 a daughter, Nellie B. Van Etten. 
 
 JAME.S D. Johnston, M.D., was born in Angel 
 Street, Saint Martin's Le Grand, London, England, 
 May 14, 1815, the son of John B. Johnston, a promi- 
 nent manufacturing chemist of that city, and grandson 
 of James Johnstoji, a wealthy and influential land 
 proprietor of the midland counties of England. 
 
 His mother was Jane Kichmond, and his brothers 
 are .John, William, and Samuel. John and William 
 succeeded their father in the manufacturing business, 
 which had been carried on by the family for several 
 generations. 
 
 Dr. James D. Johnston's boyhood was spent at 
 home, where he early received impressions of what he 
 has so successfully followed for a life profession, — the 
 j)ractice of medicine, — and also where he became ac- 
 quainted with the manufacture and use of chemicals. 
 
 At the age of sixteen he began his medical studies 
 at St. Thomas' Hospital, London, England, where he 
 remained a faithful student for four years, and became 
 eminently versed in the nature, cause, and cure of 
 complicated diseases. 
 
 In 1841, Dr. Johnston, with his brother Samuel, 
 emigrated to America, landing at New York, where 
 he stopped only a short time, and then came to New- 
 ark, N. J., where he remained until 1842, when he 
 decided to permanently locate, and chose the then 
 smiiU village of Middletown, Orange Co., N. Y. His 
 brother settled in Newark, where he died. 
 
 Here Dr. Johnston seduously applied his time to the 
 acquisition of means necessary to enable him to open 
 an office and drug-store in which he could resume the 
 practice of his profession. These efforts proved suc- 
 cessful, and he ultimately located in North Street, 
 where he continued to reside for fifteen years. At first 
 he met considerable opposition from local physicians 
 here, to which he paid little attention, believing his 
 knowledge of physics and their proper dispensation 
 would eventually give him a place among medical men. 
 
 In this he was not disappointed ; his practice gradu- 
 ally increased, and bis skill in treating special cases 
 of disea,se rapidly gained influence in the community 
 around, until after a few years his name became widely 
 known throughout Orange County, which has since 
 been connected with the successful treatment of compli- 
 cated cases of disease in this and other States of the 
 
 Union, and his patients are found from Maine to 
 California, and from Minnesota to Texas. 
 
 Dr. Johnston has continued a successful practice at 
 Middletown for nearly forty years, and by close atten- 
 tion to the duties of his profession has secured a fair 
 competency. 
 
 He has always been a student of his profession, 
 bringing to bear upon every case under his supervision 
 his knowledge gained by long experience and the 
 practical ideas of a naturally analytical mind. 
 
 ■ Although a general practitioner of medicine and 
 surgery, he gives special attention to uterine surgery, 
 in which his operations, although often difficult, and 
 in cases abandoned by other physicians, have been 
 successful. 
 
 Dr. Johnston was one of the founders of Grace 
 Church, Middletown, one of its first vestrymen, as- 
 sisted in the construction of the present church edi- 
 fice, and his eldest daughter, Selina Montrose, was 
 the first infant baptized at its font. . 
 
 Dr. Johnston continued his drug-store on North 
 Street until 1860, when he purchased a lot containing 
 a brick structure near Franklin Square, on West Main 
 Street, and established his business there. He erected 
 his present elegant and substantial brick store and 
 residence on the site of the former, of three stories in 
 height, in 1876, which for beauty and architectural 
 design vies with the most costly in Middletown. 
 
 Dr. Johnston married, Nov. 5, 1845, Deborah, 
 daughter of William Meeks and Sabrina Jaycox, of 
 Peekskill, N. Y. Her paternal great-grandfather was 
 of English birth, and settled near Peekskill, where he 
 was a well-to-do farmer. She was born Dec. 4, 1825. 
 
 Their surviving children are Selina Jlontrose 
 (widow of the late Alderman Wm. I. Underbill, of 
 Newburgh), James Doremus, Charles Albert, and 
 Annie Richmond. 
 
 Charles Haedenbergh, M.D., studied medicine 
 with Dr. Charles Winfield, of Crawford, was gradu- 
 ated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
 New York City, and began the practice of medicine 
 in the twenty -second year of his age, in the year 1824, 
 at Greenville, Orange Co. Here he only remained 
 one year, and then settled at Port Jervis, N. Y., where 
 he continued the practice of his chosen profession 
 through a long life of professional service of fifty-seven 
 years. 
 
 When young, and possessed of a good constitution 
 and an intellect of more tlian ordinary comprehension, 
 and being incited to the prosecution of his work by a 
 love for it, he did an amount of professional labor 
 which to most men would seem impossible. 
 
 He was acute in observation, original in thought, 
 and possessed wonderful aptness for liriuging to prac- 
 tical usefulness the very many discoveries he made in 
 his professional experience. He possessed a scientific 
 mind, although his life was purely practical, and his 
 success in his profession was in his correct diagnosis 
 of the diseases he encountered. 
 
176 
 
 HISTOllY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 He was a valuable counselor to his junior brethren 
 on account of his retentive memory and his desire to 
 impart facts that came under his observation during 
 his long exjierience. A pioneer of the valleys of the 
 Delaware and Neversink, his history was interwoven 
 with the history of that country, and when he located 
 at Port Jervis the woods abounded with the animals 
 of the forest, there being no canal, telegraph, or rail- 
 road. The cry of the panther and the howl of the 
 wolf were the common accompaniments to the lonely 
 doctor as lie on horseback followed the narrow path- 
 ways, through the then forest country, on his errands 
 of mercy. 
 
 Dr. Hardenbergh was fond of humorous stories, and 
 many a funny story has been accredited to him which 
 he had never heard. He possessed all the elements 
 of a skillful .surgeon, was a skillful operator, had a deli- 
 cate touch, and a correct, mechanical eye, and had he 
 lived in a district where an oi^portunity presented for 
 .surgical operations he would have gained distinction 
 in that branch of his profession. He died at the age 
 of seventy-two years. 
 
 George Hunter, M.D.— The father of Dr. Hun- 
 ter was a farmer in the township of Montgomery, 
 where his son's birth occurred on the 12th of July, 
 during the year 1800. The lad George devoted his 
 early years to study at the neighboring public school, 
 and subsequently enrolled his name as a student at 
 the Montgomery Academy, from which institution he 
 graduated. He then entered the drug-store of Dr. 
 Eager, of Montgomery, and at the same time began 
 the study of his chosen profession — that of medicine. 
 At a later date he repaired to the city of New York 
 and continued his studies, having received his di- 
 ploma as a physician and surgeon March 22, 1822. 
 During July of the same year he became a resident 
 of Searsville, Orange Co., and at once engaged in 
 the practice of his profession, where he continued 
 until his death, which occurred July IZ, 1870. He 
 was, Nov. 13, 1827, united in marriage to Miss Sarah, 
 daughter of Archibald and Mary Hartley Crawford, 
 to whom were born four children, — Mary E., wife of 
 -Daniel Thompson ; Emily A., who died in infancy ; 
 Samuel, deceased ; and Sarah, wife of Theodore Mer- 
 ritt, also deceased. 
 
 Samuel Hunter entered the service during the late 
 war, was a lieutenant in Company K, New York Cav- 
 alry, and distinguished for bravery' and fidelity to 
 duty. His death occurred in camp on the 26th of 
 February, 1865, in his thirty-second year, from disease 
 superinduced by exposure, and privations. 
 
 Mrs. Hunter survived her husband, the doctor, and 
 died Jan. 20, 1879, in her seventy-fourth year. Dr. 
 Hunter became a member of the Orange County 
 Medical Society July 6, 1830, was frequently an offi- 
 cer, and active in promoting its interests. His prac- 
 tice was extended, and marked by skill and success. 
 In his political sentiments he was an early Whig and 
 afterwards a Republican. He was instrumental in 
 
 the establishment of a po.st-office at Searsville in 1850, 
 and held the commission of postmaster until his 
 death. Dr. Hunter was an active worker in the cause 
 of temperance in tlie township of his residence, and a 
 zealous promoter of educational and church interests. 
 
 The following extract from a county paper, on the 
 occasion of his funeral, conveys to the reader a just 
 idea of his relations to his patients : " A large num- 
 ber of those present felt the loss to be a personal one. 
 To them there was no jihysician like Dr. Hunter. 
 Could he have been spared to minister to them they 
 would have sought no other. With sad hearts they 
 assembled to bury him, feeling that with his family 
 they shared the burden of bereavement his death had 
 brought." 
 
 John Hudson THo>rr80N, M.D., residing in Go- 
 shen, N. Y., was born near Circleville, in the town of 
 Wallkill, Orange Co., March 8, 1827. His father's name 
 was Benjamin, and his mother's maiden name was 
 Maria Antoinette Owen. His early education was de- 
 rived at the common school near his birthplace, and 
 later at the Sullivan County Academy, located at 
 Bloomingburgh. During the years 1847 and 1848 he at- 
 tended the State Normal School at Albany, graduating 
 therefrom in the spring of the last-mentioned year. 
 
 After devoting himself to teaching for a brief time, 
 he commenced in 1849 the study of medicine. His 
 attendance of medical lectures was at the College of 
 Physicians and Surgeons of New Y^ork, from which 
 institution he received his diploma in 1852. His first 
 year of practice was at the Seamen's Retreat, at 
 Staten Island. In the spring of 1853 he returned to 
 Goshen, where he had jjursued his professional studies, 
 and began on his own account the practice of his 
 profession. During all the subsequent years of pri- 
 vate practice he has continued its pursuit at Goshen. 
 As aiding him greatly in the outset, his was the good 
 fortune to secure the appointment of physician to the 
 Orange County poor-house for six or seven years. 
 
 Upon the organization of the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth Regiment New Y'ork Volunteers, at 
 his home in 1862, he was commissioned as surgeon of 
 that regiment, and accompanied it to the field. He 
 continued with it in the official capacity specified 
 till the autumn of 1864. During his service in the 
 army he was charged with varied duties from time to 
 time. He was on several occasions detailed for im- 
 portant hospital service, and always in active cam- 
 jjaigning as a member of an operating staff. He was 
 surgeon-in-chief of brigade and division respectively. 
 Coincident with his experience in military relations, 
 since the resumption of occupation of his home- 
 field of practice, surgery has constituted his specialty 
 of i.>rofessional pursuit. At one period, and for a 
 considerable time, he was an official surgeon of the 
 Erie Railway Company. 
 
 Medical, literary, and scientific pursuits are prose- 
 cuted by the doctor with great avidity. He has first 
 and last contributed largely to the press on various 
 
r {9^ tj-m?i^t-7 / l£yi^ 
 
The Seely family, who are of English extraction, 
 early settled in Connecticut, from whence a colony 
 removed to Long Island. At a later period twenty- 
 four of their number settled in Orange County. 
 From one of the representatives of this band of emi- 
 grants Dr. Henry C. Seely traces his descent. His 
 grandfather was Bezaleel Seely, who, with his com- 
 panions above mentioned, located at Greycourt. 
 Among his six children was a son, Isaac, whose 
 birth occurred at or near Middletown, Orange Co., 
 where his earlier years were spent previous to his 
 removal to Minisink. He was united in marriage 
 to Miss Elizabeth Mandeville, of Cornwall-on-the- 
 liudson, and had six children, — Hector, Francis T., 
 David W., Henry C, Lewis T., and Isaac B. Mr. 
 Seely's life was cut short in the progress of a useful 
 career at the age of forty-two years. 
 
 Henry C, whose life is here briefly reviewed, was 
 born at the family residence, near Middletown, N. Y., 
 March 1, 1815, and passed his early life at school 
 and in farming industries in the township of Wallkill. 
 Having desired a wider sphere of usefulness in a pro- 
 fessional career, he, in IS.'?"^, began the study of medi- 
 cine in the office of Dr. T. S. Edmonston, of Chester, 
 
 with whom he continued for three years. He sub- 
 sequently attended medical lectures at the popular 
 seminary at Fairfield, Herkimer Co., N. Y., and re- 
 ceived his diploma from the Board of Kegents of the 
 University of the State upon the recommendation 
 of the State Medical Society. He chose Amity as 
 a desirable field for his energies, and has since resided 
 there. The doctor's untiring devotion to liis pro- 
 fession, together with the skill manifested by him in 
 the treatment of critical stages of disease, soon gained 
 for him an extended family practice, which he still 
 enjoys. Dr. Seely was married in 1844 to Miss 
 Almeda, daughter of Rev. William Timlow, of Amity. 
 They have four children, — Whitfield T., a practicing 
 physician, William H., Elizabeth F., and Ruth T. 
 Dr. Seely has no taste for official life, though he has 
 served as supervisor of his township, and also as 
 school inspector. He is a member of the Orange 
 County Bledical Society, and one of its active repre- 
 sentatives. The doctor is in politics a Democrat, and 
 uncompromising in his adherence to the principles of 
 the party. He is a Presbyterian in his religious 
 affiliations, and an elder in the Presbyterian Church 
 of Amity. 
 
I)i;. Thomas Wai.sji, wIio enjoys an cx- 
 teiuled rt'piilalion as :i pliysician of ability and 
 influence in Orange County, was born Oct. 11, 
 1817, in tiic city of Newbnrgb, N. Y., his par- 
 ents liaving l)een Henry and Melictabel (l]ull) 
 ^\'^alsil. His early years were devoted to ac- 
 quiring the rudiments of an education. The 
 coninion schools of the vicinity were first at- 
 tended, after whieli the Newburgh Academy, an 
 institntion of some reputation in its day, ntim- 
 liercd him among its pupils, i^'rou) the latter 
 he graduated about the year I8.'>5, iiaving 
 diM'ing the progress of his studies also engaged 
 in home empiovments with his father. Havinjr 
 decided to cnd)ark in business pursuits, lie en- 
 tered the old Hank of Newburgh as discount 
 clerk, wliicli position was filled by him for two 
 years. He subsecpiently removetl to the South, 
 and became aasociated with his brother in mer- 
 cantile ventures, which were continued for a 
 
 period of ten years. In the fall of 1.S47, Dr. 
 Walsli returned to his native place, and enrolled 
 his name as a student of medicine in the otlice 
 of Dr. .Mpheus Goodman, having already given 
 some time to the study of this profession at 
 the South. At the expiration of a year he con- 
 tinued liis studies with Dr. Olmstead, of Brook- 
 lyn, and graduated at the; ISIcdical Department 
 of the University of the City of New York. 
 
 Fallsburgh, Sullivan Co., N. Y., was the scene 
 of his earliest professional labors, \\h('r<' he re- 
 mained until l<S5-_', when Port Jervis became 
 his residence. In his new field of labor his 
 diligence, aecomjtanicd by a thorough knowl- 
 edge of the profession he liad espoused, .soon 
 won for him an extended practice, to wiiicli 
 he still devotes himself. The Orange County 
 Medical Association, a st)eiety cndiracing talent 
 of a liigh order, numbers him among its repre- 
 sentative members. 
 
 
■:^ . ^^ ■ y^^^z^^. 
 
 ,^-^-t^ 
 
 IIkmax II. KoniNSftN, M.T»., is grandson of Rev. Jonathan 
 liobiiison, a Presbyterian clorgymnn of Long Island, who spent | 
 his life in the ininistry imd died there. A relative of his was 1 
 the hitc Solon Kobinfton, for many years agricultural editor of 
 tlie New Yitrk Tribune, and nfter his removal to Florida a cor- 
 respondent of that paper there until his death. 
 
 Rev, Phineas, son of Rev. Jonntiian Robinson and father 
 of our subject, was born near Frnnklinville, L. I., Dec. 24, 
 1798; died near the same place in April, IS"!, and was buried 
 in Hillside Cemetery, at Middletnwn. He was graduated at 
 Haiuilton follego, and on June 5, 1825, nmrried Eliza, d:mgh- 
 tcr of Jonathan and Susan Day, at Clinttm, X, Y., who was 
 born at Thompson, "Windham Co., Conn., May 31, 1803, and 
 died at the residence of her daughter, Mrs. E. M. Madden, 
 of Middletown, Dec. 9, 1868. Rev. Phineas Robinson was the 
 first principal of the Wallkill Academy, at Middletown, and 
 was instrumental of much that advanced the cause of learn- 
 ing, in which he was enlisted with his whole heart and soul. 
 He was a good citizen and a Christian man. Before coming to 
 Middletown he had been in charge of the academy at vShcr- 
 burne, N. Y., and had been principal of an educational insti- 
 tution in South Carolina; afterwards ho preached and taught 
 at Washingtonville and Chester, in this county. An erudite 
 scholar, learned in the sciences, familiar with ancient and 
 modern languages, added to his kindness of heart, won him the 
 respect of all who knew him. He was remarkable for his lin- 
 guistic accomplishments, and was a poet of consicierable merit, 
 being the author of a ]ioem entitled " Imniortality," which 
 attracted considerable attention, besides other fugitive pro- 
 ductions. 
 
 His children were Eudocia, deceased, was the wife of Senator 
 K. M. Madden, of Middletown ; Ellen, cleceased, was the wife 
 of John Hanford, of Middletown : Sidney B., graduated at the 
 New York Medical College, was appointed one of the house 
 phyt^icians on Ward's Island, afterwards was appointed first 
 assistant physician in the Seaman's Retreat Hospital, Staten 
 Islan<i, where he died of typhus fever, Nov. Id, ISS.'i, at the 
 
 age of twenty-six; Lennder Viin Ksp, was a printer's boy at 
 Newburgh, proof-reader in a law book concern in Nassau 
 Street, New York, admitted to the bar of the State at Albany, 
 ])racticed his profession at Haverstraw with Judge SuflTern. went 
 South for his health, and died at Green Cove Springs, Florida, 
 in January, 18G9; Edward Payson, died in 1849, aged sixteen; 
 Susan Frances, widow of Dr. .Jeremiah Havens, of Schoharie 
 County, N. Y.; Mary Hedges, wife of Phineas R. Coleman, of 
 Goshen; Henry M., a merchant in Brooklyn, N. Y, ; Dr. 
 Hemnn II : Thomas Spencer, a clothier of New York ; Charles 
 Lincoln, died at the age of fourteen; and Caroline, died in 
 infancy. 
 
 Dr. Heman H. Robinson was born nt Belleport, L. L, Aug. 
 20, 1838. He received his preparatory education at the Ches- 
 ter Academy, under the instruction of his father, and at the 
 age of seventeen became a medical student of Dr. T. Clarkson 
 Moffatt, physician-in-chief in the Seaman's Retreat Hospital, 
 on Staten Island, where he remained two years. He attended 
 the University Medical College, New York City, for two years 
 following, and was graduated from that institution in the 
 spring of 1860. 
 
 The same year of his graduation Dr. Robinson settled in the 
 practice of his profession at Jeffersonville, Sullivan Co., N. Y., 
 where he remained until 1S70, when he came to (Joslien, where 
 he has continued bis ]»rofessiona.l duties since. As a physician 
 Dr. Robinson ranks among the most skillful in Orange County, 
 and by his indefatigable efforts to administer medical assist- 
 ance, his devotion to and care of his patients, by his social 
 an<i generous ways with all with whom he comes in contact, be 
 has won the confidence of a large circle of friends in his new 
 field of labor, which extends to remote parts of this and other 
 counties. 
 
 He married, in April, If^fil, Maria V., daughter of Lemuel 
 L. and Mary (Ver Pb»nk) Pendell, of Schoharie County, N, Y. 
 She was born Aug. 10. 1838. Their surviving children are 
 Josephine Lamont, Sidney Moffatt, Kitty, Mary, Robert 
 Thomas, Heman Henry, Prank Leon, and Arthur, 
 
~^^ II 
 
 M ^,^€^- 
 
 ^? 
 
PHYSICIANS. 
 
 17T 
 
 subjects. He is a member of the American Medical 
 Association, the Orange County Medical Society, 
 the Tri-States Medical Association, Society of the 
 Veterans of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 Regiment, the Goshen Scientific Association, and 
 various other organizations. He is a Presbyterian 
 in religious faith, and a member of the church of tliat 
 denomination in Goshen. 
 
 The doctor is married. His wife is the daughter 
 of Capt. Ellis A. Post, of Goshen. He has one child, 
 Wilmot P., who is the senior member of a business 
 firm in Goshen. 
 
 Dr. I. S. HrxT was born Nov. 1, 1819, in the town- 
 ship of Newton, Sussex Co., N. J. ; was educated un- 
 der the private instruction of Rev. Tisdal, a Baptist 
 clergyman, of Newton, now professor of rhetoric in a 
 Tennessee university at Knoxville, working night and 
 morning for his board. 
 
 In 18.34, Rev. Tisdal accepted the position of super- 
 intendent of schools in the State of Vii-ginia, and 
 Dr. Hunt accompanied him as assistant, and re- 
 mained in the South seven years, a part of the time 
 superintending a plantation. 
 
 In 1841 he began the study of medicine at New 
 Haven, Conu. ; was graduated from the Medical De- 
 jjartment of Yale College in 1846 ; was surgeon in 
 the hospital at New Haven for one year, and then 
 located at Centreville, in Sussex Co., N. J. 
 
 In 186.5 he removed to Port Jervis, where by his 
 perseverance, devotion to, and care of his patients, 
 he established himself in a successful practice. 
 
 Dr. Hunt was an earnest worker in his profession, 
 thorough in his diagnosis of a case, and cautious, yet 
 thorough, in the treatment of diseases. He died in 
 1875. 
 
 Dr. William P. Towxsend, son of William Town- 
 send, was born at Lancaster, Worcester Co., Mass., 
 July 26, 1818. His early education was mainly ac- 
 quired at the common school and at the Lawrence 
 Academy, Groton, Mass. For some time before reach- 
 ing his majority he was a teacher. 
 
 In the spring of 18-39 he went to New York, when, 
 being without friends, he tailed to get employment, 
 and the following autumn he went to Shawangunk, 
 Ulster Co., where he remained, engaged in teaching, 
 until 1844, and during the same year pursued his 
 medical studies. In this way he obtained means, 
 and attended lectures at the medical college at Cas- 
 tleton, Vt. 
 
 Subsequently he was graduated from the Medical 
 Department of Harvard University, and in the spring 
 of 184.5 settled at Hamptonburgh, Orange Co., in the 
 practice of his profession. There he remained only 
 a short time, and removed to Florida, in this county, 
 where he continued his professional duties until 1849, 
 when he settled in Goshen, where he devotedly and 
 succe-ssfully practiced medicine until his death, which 
 occurred Dec. 2.5, 1876. He was an active member of 
 the Orange County Medical Society. He was twice 
 
 married, his second wife being an only daughter of 
 Garret Thew, of Goshen, who survives him, and with 
 her children resides iji Goshen. 
 
 Wilmot C. Terry, M.D.— A branch of the Terry 
 family were early settlers on Long Island, to which 
 point they had originally emigrated from England. 
 Some of its members eventually found their way to 
 Orange County, among whom was Constant Terry, 
 the grandfatlier of the subject of this biographical 
 sketch, who located in Bloomsbury, and engaged in* 
 the pursuits of an agriculturist. 
 
 He was twice married. To the first union were 
 born children, — Austin, Havens, and two daughters, 
 Hephzibah and Dorothy, and to the second five chil- 
 dren, — Youngs, Tuttle, Nicholas, and two daughters. 
 Austin, the father of Dr. W. C. Terry, was born at 
 Bloomsbury, and engaged during his lifetime in the 
 occupation to which he was reared, — that of a farmer. 
 He was married to Miss Sarah Myers, and at a later 
 period repaired to Goshen. The children of this 
 marriage were Van Rensselaer, John, Mary, W^ilmot 
 C, Sarah, William A., and two who died in infancy. 
 
 Mr. Terry in later years made Wallkill his resi- 
 dence, where his death transpired. The birth of his 
 son Wilmot C. occurred Jan. 15, 1822, in the town- 
 ship of Blooming-Grove, though his early life was 
 passed in the suburbs of the village of Goshen. 
 
 The public school of the vicinity enabled him to 
 acquire the rudiments of knowledge, the labors of the 
 farm having occupied the time which was not devoted 
 to study. At the age of twenty-one Dr. Terry took 
 leave of the parental home and engaged in teaching 
 as the initiatory step in a career of independence. 
 
 Having meanwhile trained his mind to habits of 
 study and thought he determined upon a professional 
 life, and chose tliat of medicine as most congenial to 
 his tastes. He, in 1847, entered the office cf Dr. 
 Gabriel P. Reeves, of Goshen, where three years w-ere 
 spent in close application, with attendance during 
 this period upon lectures at the Medical Department 
 of the University of New York.. He then repaired 
 to the Castleton Medical College, Castleton, Vt., from 
 whence he graduated in 1851. 
 
 Dr. Terry soon after established himself in practice 
 at Ridgebury, Orange Co., where he has since resided. 
 His professional labors extend over an area of many 
 miles, where his fidelity to patients and his skill as a 
 physician have rendered him deservedly popular. 
 
 In politics Dr. Terry is a Republican, and though 
 earnest in the espousal of the principles of the part\', 
 cares little for the ofiicial honors within its gift. His 
 religious affiliations are with the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, of which he is a member. 
 
 The doctor has been twice married, — first, in 1854, 
 to Miss Sarah E., daughter of Dr. J. H. Halsted, 
 of Ridgebury, to whom one daughter. Flora Bell, was 
 born. Mrs. Terry died Jan. 27, 1857, and he was 
 again married, to Miss Mary J., daughter of Henry 
 Decker, of Wawayanda. Their children are Fannie 
 
178 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 E. and Lillie Gertrude, a son, Wilmot A., having died 
 in infancy. 
 
 MEDICAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 By act of the Legishiture, passed April 4, 180fi, the 
 physicians and surgeons in the several counties of the 
 State, or such of them as were authorized to practice 
 by the law which was then in force, were empowered 
 to organize societies, which, by such organization, be- 
 came bodies corporate, and from each of which one 
 delegate should be elected, who, with his associates 
 similarly chosen, should constitute a State society, 
 which also "became a body corporate. The county 
 .societies were autliorized to examine students and grant 
 diplomas ; and it was further provided that no person 
 should "practice physic or surgery" in any county 
 until after lie had passed an examination by the 
 society of the county in which he proposed to prac- 
 tice, or should he do so he was to be disqualified from 
 collecting " any debt or debts incurred by such prac- 
 tice" in any county of the State. 
 
 Pursuant to the provisions of this law, the Medical 
 Society of Orange County was organized, July 1, 1806, 
 at a meeting of physicians held in the court-house at 
 Goshen, Dr. Jonathan Swezey, chairman, and Dr. 
 Thomas Wickham, clerk. The minute record is as 
 follows : 
 
 " Doctors Joiiatlian Swezey, Tliouias Wickliiun, Elijah KaiKlall, William 
 Elmer, William Elliot, Samuel S. Sewaril, Benjamin S. Hoyt, Nathaniel 
 Elmer, EUbIiu DuBuis, Charles Fowlei-, David K. Aruell, Samuel Warner, 
 Wm McCoppins, Aaron M, Smith, William Gourlay, Eleazer Gidney, 
 Elihu Hedges, Ethan Watson, Cornelius Roosa, James Bradner, Henry 
 I. Honiheck, and Elijah Welch were present and produced their licenses 
 to Jiractice physic and surgery according to law. 
 
 " The society then proceeded to organize themselves and elect their 
 olficers, when the following gentlemen were elected for the ensuing year, 
 viz.; Dr. Jonathan Swezey, president; Dr. Samuel S. Seward, vice-pres- 
 ident; Dr. Nathaniel Elmor, secietary; Dr. Thomas Wickham, treas- 
 urer. 
 
 " Doctors Anthony Davis, Elisha DuBois, Charles Fowler, Joseph 
 Whalen, and Cornelius Roosa were appointed censors. 
 
 "Dr. David R. Arnell was elected member Ltf the State Medical So- 
 ciety." 
 
 A list of members, officers, and other matters per- 
 taining to the operation of the society, taken from its 
 records, is appended, as well as similar facts in con- 
 nection with the Homceopathic Medical Society. 
 
 It will be observed that the act under which the 
 Orange County Medical Society was organized gave 
 to it great power. Without its indorsement no one 
 could practice medicine in the county except under 
 the generous label of " quack," nor if one did practice 
 could he collect his bills by law. Perhaps the society 
 always exercised its prerogative wisely, — perhaps it 
 protected the public from or warned them against 
 uneducated medical pretenders, by the mere fact that 
 they were disqualified from becoming members of it, — 
 we shall not say; but this is very clear, .that many 
 physicians whose names do not appear on its rolls 
 were esteemed worthy and competent by their patients. 
 Thomsonianism, hydropathyism, eclecticism, and 
 other systems were excluded. Homoeopathy shared 
 
 in its o.straci.sm for years, except in cases where mem- 
 bers of the society adopted the new practice, as was 
 the fact with Dr. Ostrom and others, or where diplomas 
 were obtained from recognized colleges. Appeals 
 were repeatedly made to the Legislature for a modifi- 
 cation of the law so far as it related to the collection 
 of bills, but for over forty years this provision re- 
 mained unchanged. 
 
 Viewed from the stand-point of the present, a wiser 
 law, at lea.st a law which recognizes the progress 
 whicli has been made in medical science during the 
 past half-century, was that of 1880, which repeals the 
 law of l.'^OH, itnd provides : 
 
 " Every person now lawfull}' engaged in the practice of physic and sur- 
 gery within the State shall, on or before the first day of October, eighteen 
 hundred and eighty, and every person hereafter duly authorized to prac- 
 tice physic and surgery shall, before conmiencing to practice, register in 
 the clerk's office of the county where he is practicing, or intends to com- 
 mence the practice of physic and snigery, in a book to be kept by said 
 clerk, his name, residence, and place of birth, togetlier with bis authority 
 for so practicing physic and surgery, as piescribed in this act. The per- 
 son so regiMering shall subsciibeand veiify by oath or affirmation, before 
 a pel-son duly qualified to admiiii...tcr oaths Ulnler the laws of the State, 
 an affidavit cuntaiidng such facts, anil whether such autliority is by 
 diploma or license, and the date of the same and by whom granted, which, 
 if wilfutly false, shall convict the affiant to conviction and punishment 
 for peijiiry." . . . " The degree of Doctor of Medicine lawfully conferred 
 by any incorporated medical college or university in this State shall he 
 a license to practice physic and surgery within the State after the per- 
 son to whom it is granted shall have complied with the provisions" 
 above quoted. Pereons coming into the State from auotfier State may 
 have license to practice on obtaining the indorsement of their diplomas 
 by any incorporated medical college or school of the State. This pro- 
 vision, however, does not "apply to any person who has practiced med- 
 icine and surgery for ten years last past, and who is now pursuing the 
 study of metlicine and surgery in any legally incorporated medical col- 
 lege within this State, and who shall graduate from and receive a diploma 
 within two yeare from the passage of this act." 
 
 PRESENT PUVSICIAXS. 
 Under this act the following physicians have been 
 registered in the office of the county clerk, viz. : 
 
 CHESTER. 
 
 Charles P. Smith; residence, Chester; born in West Milford, N. J.; 
 diploma gi-anted November, 1851, by the Castletoti (Vermont) Med- 
 ical College. 
 
 Solomon G. Carpenter; residence, Chester; horn in town of Gosheu; 
 diploma granted March, 1845, by New York Uuiveisity. 
 
 CORNWALL. 
 Jesse T. Ht>tchki8s ; born in Windsor, N. Y. ; diploma granted BLarch, 
 
 1842, by University of i'ennsylvania. 
 William H. Vail; born in Stroudsburg, Pa.; diploma granted Blarch, 
 
 18G1», by College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. 
 Thomas Hector; born in Plattekiff, Ulster Co.: diploma granted March, 
 
 1852, by College of IMiysicians and Surgeons, New York City. 
 Wm. F. C. Beattie ; born in Montgomery ; diploma granted June '25, 1850, 
 
 by Geneva College, New York. 
 C. A. Gorse; born in Roxbury, Delaware Co., N. Y. ; diploma granted 
 
 March 4, 1864, by University of the City of New York. 
 
 GOSHEN. 
 J. Cash Coleman, Jr. ; born iu Wawayanda: dijdoma granted 1SG3, by 
 
 Albany Medical College. 
 Joshua W. Ostrom ; born in Marlboro', N. Y. ; diploma granted February, 
 
 1849, by Society of Medical Examiners, New York. 
 John H.Thompson; born iu Wallkill; diploma granted October, 1857, 
 
 by College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. 
 Arthur Pell; born in Hackensack, N. J. ; diploma granted in March, 
 
 1875, by Belleviie Hospital Medical College. 
 
a7>- 
 
 
 Dr. p. Moir Barclay was born at Abcidcen, 
 Scotland, on April 20, 18o4. His piiicnts were Dr. 
 Alexander Barclay, a practicing physician of New- 
 burgh, formerly of Scotland, and Mrs. J. Eraser 
 ( Watt) Barclay, a representative of the noted Watt 
 family of Scotland. 
 
 Dr. Barclay was brought to this country by his 
 parents in November, 1835, the settlement of the 
 family being made at Newburgh. His earlier years 
 were passed in attendance upon the common schools 
 of Newburgh, and his academic traiTiing was enjoyed 
 at the Newburgh Academy, from which institution he 
 was graduated in 1848. Having decided to enter the 
 profession of medicine, Dr. Barclay passed some time 
 in the drug-store of his father in Newburgh, and in a 
 wholesale drug-house in New York City, and iu 1850 
 commenced the study of medicine under his father at 
 Newburgh. In 1851 he entered the Medical Depart- 
 ment of the University of the City of New York, 
 where he passed three years, graduating in 1854 with 
 the degree of Doctor of Medicine. During his col- 
 legiate course he was under the care of Dr. Thomas 
 C. Finnell, a prominent physician of New York. 
 Returning to Newburgh, he at once entered upon the 
 practice of his profession, in which he has since con- 
 tinued. 
 
 Dr. Barclay ranks among the first of his profession 
 in Newburgli, and enjoys a largo and lucrative practice. 
 His careful professional education was supplemented 
 
 by a European tour in 18G8, at which time he visited 
 the principal foreign hospitals, and was brought into 
 personal contact with the leading practitioners of the 
 world. As a physician he is painstaking and in hearty 
 sympathy with his patients, and brings to the treat- 
 ment of his cases an accurate knowledge of the latest 
 discoveries and implements, both in mechanical appli- 
 ances in surgery and in the materia medica of his 
 profession. Naturally of an independent and self- 
 reliant nature, he depends largely on himself in his 
 practice, though in nowise loth to co-operate with the 
 more intelligent and skillful of his compeers. He is 
 of a genial and frank disposition, popular in the com- 
 munity in which he resides, and prominent in the 
 councils of the Democratic party of his section, though 
 no aspirant for place. On July 9, 1866, he was ap- 
 pointed by Governor Reuben E. Fenton surgeon of 
 the Niueteenth Regiment of Infantry of New York, 
 with the rank of captain, a position that he filled until 
 the disbandment of the regiment. He is a non-resi- 
 dent member of the Medico-Legal Society of New 
 York City, and a member of Hudson River Lodge, 
 No. 607, A. F. and A. M., of Highland Chapter, No. 
 52, R. A. M., and of Hudson River Commandery, 
 No. 35, K. T., all of Newburgh. 
 
 Dr. Barclay was married on June 19, 1872, to Miss 
 Hattie E., eldest daughter of the late Capt. C. B. 
 Armstrong, of Newburgh, a little daughter, Maude, 
 being born of the union. 
 
-1^^^;^/^^?^^ M -^ 
 
 The familj' of Writers were first represented in Amer- 
 ica by Jasper Writer, a native of Germany, who loft 
 the Fatherland as early as 1760, and landed in New York. 
 With him sailed a sister who succumbed to the severity 
 of the voyage, and died on the passage. Jasper, having 
 found himself almost friendless on his arrival, repaired 
 to Little Britain, Pa., and sought service with a family 
 named Depew, where he remained until he attained his 
 majority. Seeking then a wider field of activity he re- 
 moved to Phillipsburg, Orange Co., where soon after 
 he was united in marriage to Miss Eve Kortright, to 
 whom were born children,— Margaret, Elizabeth, Eli- 
 nor, Rebecca, Nancy, Aaron, Jasper, and John T. Mr. 
 Writer, after his marriage, removed to the township of 
 Mount Hope, where he engaged in farming pursuits, and 
 resided until his death, Nov. 15, 1842, having lived to 
 be more than one hundred years old. He enjoyed some 
 distinction as having signed the Revolutionary pledge 
 at Goshen in 1775. Aaron, one of the sons of Jasper, 
 and the grandfather of the subject of this biographical 
 sketch, was born in Mount Hope township, April 25, 
 1776, and followed the occupation of his father. He 
 was married to Miss Elizabeth McKeeby, whose birth 
 occurred Sept. 13, 1776, and who was the mother of the 
 following children: Sarah, Eve, Catharine, Jasper A., 
 Jemima, Jane, Margaret, Elinor, Matthew M., Aaron 
 K., John E., Elizabeth M., Lsaac V., and Benjamin N. 
 Of this number, Aaron Kortright, the father of Theo- 
 dore, was born March 2, 1811, on the homestead farm, 
 where the early years of his life were spent. After be- 
 
 coming thoroughly familiar with the labors of an agri- 
 culturist he purchased land in the township of Green- 
 ville, upon which he resided until his death, Sept. 25, 
 1871. Mr. Writer was on the 21st of March, 1835, united 
 in marriage to Miss Abigail, daughter of Daniel D. 
 Penney, of Mount Hope, and had children, — Theodore, 
 Daniel D. P., Sarah E., Josephine, and Louisa. The 
 birth of Theodore occurred July 17, 1837, on the home- 
 stead where the years of his boyhood were spent. The 
 district scliool at this time afforded but limited advan- 
 tages of education, which induced him later to avail 
 himself of the superior instruction enjoyed at the Seward 
 Institute, at Florida, Orange Co. Here he remained for 
 three years, and having determined upon a professional 
 life enrolled his name as a student of medicine in the 
 office of Dr. A. Cook, of Otisville. Later he entered the 
 office of Dr. D. C. Logue, in New York, and graduated 
 from the Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1866. 
 After a year of professional labor in New York he be- 
 came associated with his former preceptor. Dr. Cook, of 
 Otisville, where he has since continued in practice. 
 
 The arduous duties of his profession leave but little 
 time for other pursuits, though Dr. Writer manifests a 
 keen interest in the public events of the day, and in 
 efforts having for their object the welfare of the town- 
 ship of his residence. In his political preferences he is 
 a stanch Republican. Dr. Writer was married Nov. 3, 
 1869, to Miss Helen A., daughter of Osmer B. Green, 
 of Otisville, and has one son, Daniel D., a lad of nine 
 vears. 
 
PHYSICIANS. 
 
 179 
 
 Heman H. Rolfiosori; Ikifq in Bellport, L. I.; diploma granted March, 
 1860, by I'ni^'ersity Meil^al Cullege of New Yt>rk. 
 
 A.J. Jessup; born iu Florida; diplunia granted February, 18G9, by the 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. 
 
 Arthur M. WoodruflT; born in Ann Arbor, Mich. ; diploma granted Feb- 
 ruary, 1873, by the Cleveland Hospital Honiieoiiatluc Ctillege. 
 
 HIGHLAND FALLS. 
 
 Joliu Ross Monroe; born in Glasgow, Scotland; diploma granted June 
 
 30, 1868, by Long Island Cullege Hospital. 
 Wni. H. Edsall; born iu Roxbury, N. Y.; diploma granted Feb. 1, 1877, 
 
 by Albany Medical College. 
 
 MIDDLETOWN. 
 Clarence M. Conant ; born in Brooklyn ; diploma granted JIarcli, 1873, 
 
 by New York Honia-opathic Medical College. 
 Charles Collin; born in Holland; diploma granted July, 1878, by the 
 
 Newburgh Eclectic Society. 
 Sehien H. Talcott; born in Rome, N. Y. ; diploma granted March, 1872, 
 
 by New York Homteiipathic Medical Ct)l!ege. 
 Charles S. Kinney; born in Snffield, (,'onn. ; diploma granted March, 
 
 1879, by New York Homu'oi.athic Medical Odlege. 
 Wm. M. Butler; born in Maine, N. Y. ; diidoma granted 1S73, by New 
 
 York College of PhysiLians and Siir^eons. 
 Harvey Everett; born in Middletown; diploma granted June, 1834. by 
 
 Vermont Medical College. 
 Grenville A. Emory; born iu OHve, Ulster Co.; diploma granted Decem- 
 ber, 18G7, by Albany Medical College. 
 Solomon B. Pillabury; born in Ballard Vale, Mass.; diploma granted 
 
 June, 187-2, by Harvard College. 
 J:»nies D. Jolinson ; born in London, England ; diploma granted 1855, by 
 
 New York Medical College. 
 Ira S. Bradner; born in Goshen; diploma granted March, 1843, by New 
 
 York University. 
 Julia Bradner; born in Scotchtowo ; diploma granted March, 1878, by 
 
 Woman's Medical College and Hospital. 
 Robert Sloau ; born in Poughkeepsie ; diploma granted March, 1851, by 
 
 University of New York. 
 Villiara H. Dorrance; born in Mamakating, N. Y.; diploma granted 
 
 March, 1845, by University of New York. 
 Joseph D. Friend; born in Salem, Mass.; diploma granted May, 1842, by 
 
 the Botanic Medical Society, New York, and later by the Metropoli- 
 tan Medical College, New York. 
 Darwin Everett; born in Montgomery; diploma granted March 10, 
 
 1864, by College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. 
 
 MONTGOMERY. 
 
 Henry C.Smith; born iu Goshen; diploma granted jMarch 5,1874, by 
 
 Uonni'Opathic Medical C^jllege, New York. 
 Edward Ross Elliott; born in Pleasant Valley; diploma granted June 
 
 14, 1874, by the University of the City of New York. 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 Joseph P. Thompson; born in Winchester, Va.; diploma granted April, 
 
 1858, by the University of Medicine at Philadelphia. 
 Clarence Ormsbee; born in Ashland, N. Y.; diploma granted March, 
 
 1865, by New York University. 
 
 Samuel P. Church; born iu Salisbury, Conn. ; diploma granted March, 
 1845, hy College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. 
 
 John D, Malone : born in Ireland ; diploma granted in 1867 by Dartmouth 
 (N. H.) Medical College. 
 
 Daniel Wells; born in Newburgh ; diploma granted March, 1835, by Col- 
 lege of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. 
 
 Ale.vander Barclay; born in Aberdeen, Scotland; diploma granted De- 
 cember, 1841, by State Medical Society. 
 
 James G. Birch; born in New York City; diploma granted March, 1866, 
 by Harvard University, 
 
 Robert V. K. Montfort; born in Tuthill, N. Y. ; diploma granted Decem- 
 ber, 18.jC, by Albany Medical College. 
 
 Smith Ely; born io Blooming-Grove; diploma granted June, 1850, by 
 Vermont Medical College. 
 
 Peter M. Barclay; born in Aberdeen, Scotland; diploma granted July, 
 1855, by the University of New York City. 
 
 William Jones; born in Shoreham, Vt.; diploma granted May, 1869, by 
 Eclectic College of Ne%v York. 
 
 William A. M. Culbert; born in New York City; diploma granted 
 March, 184G, by the University of the City of New York. 
 
 Charles N. Wolley; born in South Hampton, L. I.; diploma granted 
 
 June, 1868, by Long Island Medical College. 
 James Gordon ; born in Ireland ; diploma granted March, 1866, hy Jeffer- 
 son Medical College, Philadelphia. 
 M. C, Stone; born in Jay, Me.; diploma granted March, 1868, by the 
 
 University of New York. 
 George B. F. Mitchell ; born in Baltimore, Md. ; diploma granted March, 
 
 1867, by New York Homoeopathic Medical College. 
 John J. Mitchell ; born in Curtlandville, N. Y.; diploma granted March, 
 
 1857, by New York Medical College. 
 John Deyo; born in Newburgh ; diploma granted March, 1877, hy Belle- 
 
 vue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
 Edward R. Post; horn in Sagg Harbor, N. Y. ; diploma granted March, 
 
 1867, by College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. 
 Lewis Y. Wiggins ; horn in Mount Hope ; diploma granted July, 1844, 
 
 by the University of New York. 
 John W. Fenton ; born in Newburgh ; certificate granted May, 1840, hy 
 
 Orange County Medical Society. 
 Floyd P. Sheldon; born in Rutland, Vt.; diploma granted March, 1878, 
 
 by University of Michigan. 
 GuBtav Gartzmann : born in Eglen, Germany ; diploma granted March 
 
 1, 1873, by Bellevue Jledical College, New York City. 
 Je'reDiiah Manly; born in Palatine, N. Y.; diploma granted Jan. 20, 
 
 1860, by Homo/opathic Medical Society, Oneida County. 
 I. De Forest Nichols ; born in New York City; diploma granted March 
 
 1, 18G5, by Bellevue Medical College, New York City. 
 
 OTISVILLE. 
 
 Theodore Writer; born in Otisville; diploma granted 1866, by Bellevue 
 
 Hospital Medical College, New York. 
 Avery Cook; born in Belchertown, Mass. ; diploma granted February, 
 
 1834, by Medical Society of Herkimer County. 
 
 PORT JERVIS. 
 Theodore D. Mills; born in Bloomingbiirgh, N. Y.; diploma granted 
 
 March, 1876, by New York College of Physicians and Surgeons. 
 Solomon Van Etten ; born in Deerpark; diploma granted June, 1855, by 
 
 Albany Medical College. 
 William L. Cuddeback; born in Deerpark; diploma granted March, 
 
 1876, by Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City. 
 John F. Higgius; born in Paterson, N. J.; diploma granted March, 
 
 1880, by Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. 
 Allan P. Slacdonald ; born in Antigonishe, Nova Scotia ; diploma granted 
 
 March, 1874, by Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago. 
 James Halsey Hunt; born in Laytons, N. J.; diploma granted March, 
 
 1872, by Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New Y^ork. 
 Henry Hardenburgh ; born iu Port Jervis; diploma granted March, 
 
 1859, by New Y'ork Medical College of Physicians and Surgeons. 
 George H. Fossard ; born in Albany ; diploma granted Dec. 27, 1859, by 
 
 Albany Medical College. 
 David D. Wickham ; born iu Sussex Co., N. J. ; diploma granted Feb. 19, 
 
 1874, by College of Physicians and Surgeons, Syracuse. 
 
 SALISBURY. 
 
 Alpheus Goodman; born in Goshen ; diploma granted March 8, 1837, by 
 
 Castleton Medical College, Vermont. 
 Alexander M. Goodman; horn in Goshen; diploma granted Feb. 15, 
 
 1876, by University of the City of New Y'ork. 
 
 UNIONVILLE. 
 Hugh M. D. Stuble ; born in Hampton, N. J.; diploma granted March, 
 
 1875, by University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Marcus S. Hayne ; born in Sussex Co., N. J. ; diploma granted February, 
 1841, by Geneva (N. Y.i Medical College. 
 
 WALDEN. 
 
 G. M. Millspaugh; born in Montgomery; diploma granted 1820, by Cas- 
 tleton (Vt.) Medical College. 
 
 William A. Loughran; horn in Stamford, N. Y. ; diploma granted June, 
 1850, by Geneva Medical College. 
 
 Thomas Millspaugh; born in Montgomery ; diploma granted January, 
 1843, by Albany Medical College. 
 
 WARWICK. 
 
 Henry K. Bradner; born in Florida; diploma granted March, 1872, by 
 
 University of Pennsylvania. 
 Theo. H. Cooper; born in Milton, N. J. ; diploma granted March, 1855, 
 
 by College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. 
 
180 
 
 IIISTOIIY OF OKANGK COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 William B. Bnulner; linrii in Warwick; iliplonia granted September, 
 1857, by tliL' Kew Yurk C'tllege of Physicians aiitl Surgeous. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 James II. Smiley, ScotL'htown ; born near Scotchtown; diplnnia granted 
 
 March, 1850, by the Albany Medical College. 
 Alexander B. Leggett, Montgomery ; born in Crawford; license granted 
 
 January, 1876, by Orange Connty Jledical Socit-ty. 
 H. P. Cliace, Highland Falls; born in Hannlen, N. Y.; iliploma granted 
 
 Febrnary, 1873, by the Medical Department of Columbia College. 
 Daniel F. Condict, Searsville; born in Dover, N. J. ; diploma granted 
 
 December, 1874, by Albany Medical Cnllege. 
 John C. Bnyd, Monroe; born in (_Jreene, N. J.; diploma granted March, 
 
 1841, by the Jefferson Sledical College, IMiiladelpbia. 
 John Moftatt, Washuigtonville; boni in Washingtonville ; diploma 
 
 granted March, 18G2, by University of Micliigan. 
 George E. Putney, Howell's; born in Montgomery; diploma granted 
 
 November, 1850, by Castleton (Vt.) Medical College. 
 William H.Woodruff, Pine Bush; born in Walden; diploma granted 
 
 March, 1854, by Albany Medical College. 
 Isaac Soiitli Vreeland, Westtown ; born in West Milford, N. J. ; diploma 
 
 granted February, 187C, by tlie University of Xew York. 
 Rowland Clarke Irving, Campbell Hall; born in Kortright, N. Y.; di- 
 ploma granted March, 1877, by Bellevue Hospital Medical College. 
 Elizabeth It, Cillett Myer, Turner's; Itorn in Ellenville; diploma granted 
 
 March, 1877, by Woman's Medical College, New York. 
 Whitfield T. Seely, Amity; horn in Amity; licensed by the Orange 
 
 County Medical Society. 
 E. Aiistiu Webb, Ridgebiiry ; burn in Wallkill; diploma granted June, 
 
 1834, by Middlebury (Vt.) MedicHl College. 
 Chas. H. Wilson, New Milford; born in Amenia, N. Y. ; license granted 
 
 March, 1875, by Oiaiige County Medical Society. 
 Adam P. Fairies, Florida; born in Scotland; diploma granted April, 
 
 1865, by University of Michigan. 
 Elizabelh A. Fuller, New York City; born near Cape of Good Hope; di- 
 ploma granted March, 188U, by Eclectic Medical College, New Ytn-k. 
 Anna C. Howland, Poughkeepsie; burn iu Hallowell, Mass.; diploma 
 
 granted March, 18(i8, by New Yt>rk Medical College for Women. 
 Jolin L. Van Alstyne, Binghamtou; born in Richmondville, N. Y.; di- 
 ploma granted December, I8G2, by Albany Medical College. 
 J. Judson Osborn, Binghamton; born in Colesville, N. Y. ; diploma 
 
 granted June, 1878, by Long Island College Hospital. 
 Mrs. S. Plumb, Otisville ; born in Guilford, Vt. ; diploma granted March, 
 
 1862, by Metropolitan Medical College, New York. 
 E. H. Gilbert, Turner's : born iu New York; diploma granted Oct. 21, 
 
 1874, by Eclectic Medical Society State New York. 
 Mrs. Esther Smith, (iosheii; l>orn in Warwick; no diploma; practiced 
 
 ten years. 
 
 MEDICAL SOCIETY OF ORAxXGE COUNTY. 
 
 The members ; 
 follows : 
 
 Jonathan Swezey. 
 Thomas WicUliam. 
 Elijah Randall. 
 William Elmer. 
 William Elliott. 
 Samuel S. Seward. 
 Benjamin S. Hoyt. 
 Nathaniel Elmer. 
 Elisha DuBois. 
 Charles Fowler. 
 David R. Arnell. 
 
 [it the date of organization were as 
 
 The following is a list 
 joined since organization : 
 
 John T^ Jansen. 
 David Hanfoid. 
 Peter A. Millspaugh. 
 James Heron. 
 Robert C. Hunter. 
 George Eager. 
 H. K. Chapman. 
 John W. Drury. 
 George Hedges. 
 
 Samuel Warner. 
 William McCopijin. 
 Aaron M. Smith. 
 M'illiam Goorley. 
 Eleazer Gedney, 
 Elihn Hedges. 
 Ethau Watson. 
 Cornelius Roosa. 
 James Bradner. 
 Henry T. Hornheck. 
 Elijah Welch. 
 
 of the members who have 
 
 Cliarles Winfield. 
 James M. Gardiner. 
 Tonwsend Seeley. 
 Isaac S. Curtis. 
 John S. Crane. 
 John M. Gongh, 
 William Horton. 
 Robert Siiaw. 
 Wm. H. Newkirk. 
 
 George Hunter. 
 Isaac II. Dodd. 
 Menilt H. Cash. 
 Andrew King. 
 Harris Edmonstou. 
 Charles Hardenburgh. 
 Samuel Harlow. 
 Lewis Dunning. 
 John B. McMunn. 
 Charles S. Gedney. 
 G. M. Millspaugh. 
 A. Brewbtei'. 
 John ConUling. 
 
 D. G. Durkey. 
 Charles G. Fowler. 
 H. P. Benham. 
 Thomas S. Edmonston. 
 Marcus Sears. 
 Gorret M. Roe. 
 Harvey Horton. 
 James VanKeuren. 
 Jerome Wells. 
 James S. Horton. 
 William Morrison. 
 Philip I. Tiinlow. 
 Bartow Wright. 
 John W. Fenton. 
 Harvey Hallock. 
 Henry B. Hornbeck. 
 
 E. H. S. Holden. 
 Elias Peck. 
 Wm. Murphy. 
 Samuel B. Barlow. 
 George Brown. 
 Samuel D. Holly. 
 Dewitt C. Hallock. 
 Joseph R. Andi'ews. 
 John W. Raflerty. 
 A. W. Millspaugh. 
 Leander W. Lynn. 
 E. B. Carpenter. 
 Samuel M. Crawford. 
 W. C. Terry. 
 Avery Cook. 
 Henry C. Seeley. 
 
 S. G. Carpenter. 
 Bvishrod Millspaugh. 
 J. D. Bevier. 
 J. W. Ostrom. 
 Wm. SI. Johnson. 
 Harvey Everett. 
 Alfred H. Lee. 
 John S. Crawford. 
 A. L. Reynolds. 
 Gilbert C. Monell. 
 D. B. McCartee. 
 Wm. A. Westcott. 
 D. C. Jayne. 
 M. S. Hayne. 
 T. W. Newman. 
 Benjainiu Dunning. 
 Alexander Barclay. 
 John C. Boyd. 
 D. C. Winfield. 
 G. C. Blackman. 
 Abraham W. Crowell. 
 Alpiieus Goodman. 
 S. W. Esray. 
 James A. Young. 
 Ashael Houghton. 
 Thomas Millspaugh. 
 Samuel C. Smith. 
 Lewis Armstrong. 
 Nathaniel Deyo. 
 
 Peter E. Cnkliii. 
 John pHltiKr.n. 
 H. L. W. Bun it. 
 Ira S. Bradnei". 
 John M. Prnyn. 
 Benjamin W. Thompson. 
 Wm. P. Townsend. 
 Nelson McBride. 
 Charles Drake. 
 G. P. Reeves. 
 J. E. Putney 
 Peter C. Gallatian. 
 Wm. S. Halsey. 
 M. Stevenson. 
 John H. Thompson. 
 L F. Pelton. 
 N. Newton. 
 Wm. F. C. Beattie. 
 Wm. B. Bradner. 
 R. V. K. Montlort. 
 James H. Smiley. 
 John N.Taylor. 
 John P. Tarbell. 
 J. L. Whitaker. 
 George H. Sears. 
 Solomon Va[i Etten. 
 Henry Hardenburgh. 
 Wm. H. Woodruff. 
 Joseph Moftat 
 N. Roe Bradner. 
 J. S. Swezy. 
 Robert Sloan. 
 James C. Coleman. 
 James T. Johnston. 
 Isaac S. Hunt. 
 Cliarles P. Smith. 
 Theodore Writer. 
 T. Walsh. 
 Robert Farries. 
 Charles H. Yerrington. 
 Samuel W'. Clason, 
 A. P. Farries. 
 Henry R. Bradner. 
 George Fossard. 
 
 D. Van Dyck. 
 A. B. Leggett. 
 C. H. Wilson. 
 Isaac S. Curtis. 
 
 E. S. Elmer. 
 David Van Dyck. 
 G. H. Fossard. 
 
 O. A. Carroll. 
 E. D. Owen. 
 
 C. S. Van Etten. 
 Burke Pillsbury. 
 Gustav Gartsmanu. 
 H. H. Robinson. 
 A. M. Goodman. 
 A. J. JesBup. 
 
 D. S. Condict. 
 John Deyo. 
 M. C. Stone. 
 Wm. H. Edsall. 
 Arthur Pell. 
 
 J. H. Thompson. 
 
 E. R. Gillett. 
 Clarence Ormsbee. 
 T. D. Mills. 
 
 W. S. Cuddeback. 
 W. T. Seely. 
 John W. Montrose. 
 Increase Crosby. 
 Alexander Clinton. 
 D. B. Smiley. 
 Pliilander Mix. 
 
 The presidents of the society have been : 
 
MEDICAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 181 
 
 Jonatliun Swezpy, 1800 ; A hlIioii.v Davis, 1807-9 ; Joimtlian S\veze.v,1810; 
 Diivid R. Anii-ll. 1811; Klisha DuBois, 1812; David K. Ariicll.1813; 
 llabripl N. I'liillips, ISU ; David Fowler, 1815-10 ; David It. Anicdl, 
 1817; Fralnis r..wler, 1818; Davi.l U. Aruell, 1819; B. L. Van 
 Kleck, 1k:;() ; David R. Aniell, 1S21-'2:J ; Peter A. Millsiiallj;!!, 1824- 
 20; Joslma Iloruliecli, 1827; Eleazer Oediiey, 1828; Egliert Jaiiseu, 
 1820; Charles Wiiifleld, I8:i0-:)1 ; George Eager, 1832; William Hor- 
 ton, Jr., IS.i:i; James M. (J.irdiiiei-, 1834; James Hernii, 183iJ-;iG; 
 James M. Gardiner, 1837 ; Jidui M.Gongli, 1838 ; .lames Heron, 1839; 
 James M. Gardiner, 18*1; Charles Wiufield, 1841-42; Joshna Honi- 
 heck, 1843-45; Charles Winfleld, 1846; Joshua Ilornhok, 1847-48; 
 Charles Wintield. 1849; M. H. Cash, 1850-62 ; G. C. Monell, 1803-64; 
 B.Wright, IS.io; Samuel D. Holly, 1856 ; George Brown, 1857; Henry 
 Cook, 18.58; Avery Cook, 1859; A. Goodman, 180O-C1 ; J. C.Boyd, 
 1862; J.N. Taylor, 16U3-04; D 0. Winfleld, 1805-00; H. C. Seely, 
 1867; Wm. I'. Townsend, 1868; Solomon Van Elten, 1869; Joseph 
 Moffatt, 1871); R. V. K. Montfort, 1871 ; J. C. Boyd, 1872-73 ; G. E. 
 rntney, 1874 ; C. P. Smith, 1875 ; J. H. Smiley, 1876; S. G. Carpenter, 
 1877; .r. C. Boyd, 1878; A, P. Farris, 1879 ; W. B. Eager, 1880 ; W. B. 
 Bradner, 1881. 
 
 The secretaries luive been : 
 
 Nathaniel Elmer, 1806; David R. Arnell, 1807-9 ; ThonmsWickham, 1810- 
 13; ThomasG. Evans, 1814-16; George Eager, 1817-18; C. fi. Evans, 
 1819-20; Egbert Jansen, 1821-28; Lewis Dunning, 1829-:iG; James 
 S. Horton, 1837-40; J. W. Ostrom, 1841-42; T. W. Newman, 1843- 
 48; Benjamiii W.Thompson, is49-6U ; G. P. Keevs, 1851-53; W. P. 
 Townsend, 1S64 ; .lolin II. Thompson, 1855; G. P. Heevs, 1856-57; 
 O. E. Putney, 185,8-71; Wm. P. Uiadner. 1872-73; A. P. Farries, 
 1.874-76; K. S. Elmer, 1876-78; B. Pillsbury, 1879-81. 
 
 The treasurers have been : 
 
 Thomas Wickham, 1800-9; William Elmer, 1810-13; Samuel Warner, 
 1814-18 ; Samuel S. Seward, 1819-21 ; James P. Young, 1822-26 ; Jo- 
 seph K. Andrews, 1827-32; Isaac D. Dodd, 1833; Jerome Wells, 
 1834-39; T. S. Edmonston, 1836-38; J. W. Ostrom, 1S30-60; Benj. 
 W. Thompson, 1851-52; Isaac Keeve, 1863 ; W. P. Townsend, 1864- 
 65. 1858-61, 1806; G. P.' Reevs, 1856-67; D. C. Winfleld, 1862-64, 
 1867-70; J. C. Coleman, 1866 ; S. C. Smith, 1871-80 ; A.J, Jessup, 
 1881. 
 
 The cen.sors of the society have been : 
 
 Drs. Anthony Davis, Elisha DuBois, Charles Fowler, Joseph Whalen, 
 Jonathan Swezey, Gabriel N. Phillips, Cornelius Roosa, David R. 
 Arnell, W'illiam Elmer, Henry J. H"rnbeck, Dr. Bradner, Dr. Smith, 
 Dr. Davis, Warner, Je&ie Aruell, Samuel S. Seward, Elisha Hedges, 
 Baltus L. Van Kleck, Peter A. Millspaugh, Chichester Brown, R. C. 
 Hunter, C, Miller, J, W. Dewey. J. P. Youngs, Joshua Hornheck, 
 Charles Winfleld, J, T, Jansen, E. Jansen, Chapman, George Eager, 
 U. C. Seely, William Horton, I. H, Dodd, George Hedges, James M, 
 Gardner, Merritt H. Cash, Annanias Brewster, Lew is Dunning, James 
 Heron, Charles G. Fowler, Samuel D. Holly, Thomas S. Edmonston, 
 Bartow Wright, Jerome Wells, Leander W, Lynn, J. D. Bevier, J. S. 
 Horton, Marcus Sears, J. W. Ostrom, S. ai. Crawford, T. W. Newman, 
 D. 0. Winfleld, Alpheus Goodman, Chailes Drake, W. C. Seely, G. C, 
 Monell, J. C. Boyd, S, G. Carpenter. G, M. Millspaugh, W. P, Town- 
 send, George C. Blackman, A. H. Thompson, Avery Cook,H. C. 
 Seely, N. Deyo, S. W, Esray, J. N, Taylor, R. V. iy. Montfort, Wm. 
 F, C. Beattie, Solomon Van Etten, G, H. Sears, H. Hardenburgli, 
 S, C. Smith, W. C. Teiry, W. B, Braihier, G. E, Putney, R, Sloan, 
 James Snuley, J. D. Johnston, A. P. Fariies, C. P. Smith, O, A, Car- 
 loll, S. Ely, J. H. Thompson, Arthur Pell, Mrs. E. R. G. Myer, H. H. 
 Bobiuson. 
 
 The delegates to the State and Tri-State Medical 
 Societies have been : 
 
 Da-vid K. Arnell, 1808; Henry T. Horubeck, ISOi) ; Ajithony Davis, 1810; 
 Elihu Hedges, 1811; Charles Fowler, 1816; R, C, Hunter, 1818; E. 
 Jansen, 1821; Charles Miller, 1822; Thomas G. Evans, 1825-26; 
 William Horton, Jr., 1829; M. H. Cash, 1842; Samuel M. Ciawford, 
 1845; Bartow Wright, 1848; G. C. Monell, 1801; D. C. Winfleld, 
 1854; William P. Townsend, 1850; A. Goodman, 1858; J.C.Boyd, 
 1860; A. Cook, 1.862; G. E. Putney, 1865; R. V. K. Montfort, 1807; 
 James Smiley, 1870 ; Solomon Van Etten, 1872; Smith Ely, 1.S73; 
 Solomon Van Etten, Smith Ely, 1874; J. C. Boyd, 1875 ; R. V, K. 
 
 Montfoit, G. E. Putney, 1876; A. P. Farries, 1877 ; J. C. Boyd, R. 
 V. K, Montfort, 18711; J. H. Smiley, 1880; Joseph Moffatt, 1881. 
 
 Honorary members: 
 
 James G. Graham, Ensebius An.stin, James Oliver, Edward Miller, Sam- 
 uel L, Mitchell. David Hosack, Daniel Seward, Nicludas Romayne, 
 Samuel Bard. Rev. Ezra Fisk, D.D,, Rev. Luthar Halsey, Rev. James 
 R. Wilson, Rev. Philander Gillett, Rev. John T. Halsey, Rev, 
 Reuben Hubbard, Rev, James R. Johnson, Rev. Benjamin Van 
 Keuven, Rev. Chai les Cummins, Rev. Mr, Craig, Rev. Jesse Fonda, 
 Rev. William Blane, Rev. I. I. Christian, Rev. James Arhuckle, 
 Rev. Nathan Kingsbuiy, Baron Louis Lederer, Horace H, Hayden, 
 
 Esq,, Isaac Lea, Charles V. Shepard, Rev, J. P. F. ( laik, Rev. 
 
 McLaren, Rev. F. Vanderveer, Rev, Howard Wallace, Harvey Ever- 
 ett, David Fowler, Joseph Houston, 
 
 Among the papers that have been read before this 
 society, receiving its indorsement, many of which have 
 been published, are the following: 
 
 Dr. Anthony Davis, 1808, entitled " Hectic Fever ;" 
 Dr. David R. Arnell, 1812, " The Rise and Progress of 
 Medicine," 1814, "Pneumonia Typhoides;" Dr. Ga- 
 briel N. Phillips, ISl.'), "Phthisis Pulmonalis;" Dr. 
 David Fowler, 1816, "Nervous Fluid;" Dr. Charles 
 Winfleld, 1822, "Typhus Fever;" Dr. Gough, 1823, 
 "Emmenagogues;" Dr. William Horton, 1832, "Func- 
 tions of the Skin ;" Dr. Benham, 1833, " Dy.seu- 
 taria;" Dr. George Eager, 1833, "Morbid Sym- 
 pathy;" Dr. James P. Young, 1833, "Scientific Bot- 
 any;" Dr. James M. Gardiner, 1834, "Cholera;" Dr. 
 James S. Horton, 1835, " Nosology ;" Dr. James 
 Heron, 1836, " Medical Topography ;" Dr. Gough, 
 1838, "Scarlatina;" Dr. T. W. Newman, 1843, "Na- 
 ture and Treatment of Tubercle;" Dr. G. C. Monell, 
 1852, "Disease of the Uterus;" Dr. Seeley, 1859, 
 " Encysted Dropsy ;" Dr. H. C. Seeley, 1868, " Bite 
 of Reptiles;" Dr. William P. Townsend, 1869, 
 "Causes of Diminished Ratio of Population in the 
 United States;" Dr. R. V. K. Montfort, 1871, "Hy- 
 giene;" Dr. Mills, 1879, "Puerperal Convulsions;" 
 I Dr. J. H. Thompson, 1881, " Antifebrile Agents." 
 
 The meetings of the society were for a series of years 
 held annually, the first having been convened at 
 Goshen in 1806. As the organization increased in 
 numbers and influence, the importance of more fre- 
 quent conferences became apparent, and semi-annual 
 meetings were instituted, the first of which was ap- 
 pointed at the house of Dr. Daniel Seward, in the vil- 
 lage of Goshen, on the first day of July, 1817. They 
 were for a while successfully maintained, but the in- 
 terest having flagged, were for a long period aban- 
 doned and again revived, a gathering of the society 
 having taken place at Chester on the first Tuesday 
 of October, 1853. As early as 1823 a resolution was 
 passed that quarterly meetings be held, though this 
 movement seemed premature, as the attendance was 
 limited and the project unsuccessful. They were re- 
 vived in 1874, the society having convened at the vil- 
 lage of Monroe, on the first Tuesday of September of 
 that year, and are now regularly maintained. 
 
 The society has been governed by circumstances in 
 the selection of localities at which its sessions are 
 held, Newburgh, Middletown, Goshen, Montgomery, 
 
182 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Port Jervis, Monroe, Washingtonville, Chester, and 
 Warwick having in turn offered hospitality to its 
 members, and hotels, public assembly rooms, or pri- 
 vate houses received them as convenience dictated. 
 
 During the year 1818, Dr. David R. Arnell made a 
 generous donation of books to the society. This col- 
 lection, which formed the nucleus for subsequent lit- 
 erary accumulations, has from time to time received 
 additions until the Orange County Medical Society is 
 now in possession of a well-selected and valuable 
 library of a professional character. It is under the 
 superintendence of a librarian, who is appointed at 
 the annual meetings of the association. 
 
 During the past few years the society has sent dele- 
 gates to the American Medical Association, and is to 
 be represented in 1881 by Drs. B. Pillsbury, Middle- 
 town, and Sol. Van Etten, of Port Jervis. 
 
 HOMCEOPATHIC MEDICAL .SOCIETY OF ORANGE 
 COUNTY. 
 
 At a meeting of homoeopathic physicians of Orange 
 County, held at the United States Hotel, Newburgh, 
 Nov. 12, 1851, Dr. A. Gerald Hull, of Newburgh, was 
 called to the chair, and Dr. IraS. Bradner, of Scotch- 
 town, was appointed secretary. 
 
 The chairman stated the object of the meeting to 
 be ''the organization of a Homoeopathic Medical 
 Society of Orange County," whereupon it was voted 
 unanimously that such a society should then be or- 
 ganized, and entitled " Homieopathic Medical Society 
 of Orange County." 
 
 The constitution and by-laws having been sub- 
 mitted to the convention were, after discussion and 
 amendment, unanimously adopted. 
 
 On motion. Dr. Everett, of Modena, Ulster Co., 
 N. Y., was unanimously elected a member of the 
 society. 
 
 The society then went into an election of officers 
 for the ensuing year, and the following gentlemen 
 were duly elected : A. Gerald Hull, M.D., Newburgh, 
 president; DeWitt C. Jayne, M.D., Florida, vice- 
 president; Ira S. Bradner, M.D., Scotchtown, secre- 
 tary and treasurer ; William A. M. Colbert, M.D., 
 Newburgh, corresponding secretary. 
 
 On motion, Drs. Hull and Culbert were appointed 
 a committee to prepare an address to the public on the 
 recent action of the County Medical Society in refer- 
 ence to homfeopathy. 
 
 The secretary was instructed to procure a book in 
 which to record the proceedings of the society, and 
 on motion the society adjourned to meet at Goshen 
 on the second Wednesday of February, 1852, at 12 
 o'clock noon. 
 
 The minutes of the meeting were signed by Ira S. 
 Bradner, secretary. 
 
 The meetings of the society, as provided for in its 
 by-laws, were to be held quarterly, on the second 
 Wednesdays in November, February, May, and 
 August. 
 
 j At the annual meeting, held Nov. 10, 1852, at Go- 
 shen, the by-laws were amended so as to read, " The 
 association shall hold two regular meetings every 
 year, one the second Wednesday in November, and 
 one the second Wednesday in May each year, and at 
 the meeting May 11, 1853, it was voted that the an- 
 nual meeting be held the second Wednesday of Oc- 
 tober each year. 
 
 The society met the following October, and also on 
 ' May 10, 1854, after which time no meetings of the 
 society were held until Jan. 11, 1870. From the 
 latter date semi-annual meetings were held for about 
 three years, and from 1878 until 1881 the society has 
 met quarterly. 
 
 The sessions of the society have been mostly at 
 Newburgh, Goshen, Middletown, and Port Jervis, 
 ' and some of the later meetings have been held at the 
 Homieopathic Asylum at Middletown. At the meet- 
 ing held at Goshen, Oct. 8, 1873, on motion of Dr. 
 Mitchell, the following bureaus were establislied : 
 " Surgery," " Gynecology," " Materia Medica," " Prac- 
 tical Medicine," " Psychological Medicine," and " Ob- 
 stetrics," and the president at that and subsequent 
 meetings ap])ointed a chairman to present a report 
 upon each bureau at each succeeding meeting. 
 
 From time to time papers were read by members of 
 ! the society bearing upon important topics, among 
 I which were the following : " Occupation in its Rela- 
 tion to Insanity," by Dr. Butler, in 1880 ; " Remedies 
 for Delusion aad some Characteristics for many of 
 them," by Dr. Talcott, April 13, 1880 ; " Melancholia 
 with Stupor," by Dr. Talcott, Oct. 12, 1880 ; " Re- 
 straint or Non-Restraint of the Insane," by Dr. Tal- 
 cott, Jan. 11, 1881 ; " Cellulitis," by Dr. Kinney, Jan. 
 11, 1881. 
 ' The following gentlemen have been elected and 
 served as presidents of the society since its organiza- 
 tion : Dr. A. Gerald Hull, 1852; Dr. J. W. Ostrom, 
 1853; Dr. D. C. Jayne, 1851; Dr. C. M. Lawrence, 
 1871 ; Dr. John J. Mitchell, 1873-75 ; Dr. J. W. Os- 
 trom, 1876; Dr. C. M. Lawrence, 1877; Dr. J. W. 
 Ostrom, 1878 ; Dr. Selden H. Talcott, 1879-80. 
 
 Dr. Ira S. Bradner has been secretary and treasurer 
 from 1852 to 1881, inclusive. 
 
 The censors chosen by the society have been Henry 
 R. Stiles, C. M. Lawrence, IraS. Bradner, J. T. Hotch- 
 kiss, and J. J. Mitchell. 
 
 The following have served as delegates to State 
 Ilomceopathic Medical Society : A. Houghton, 1852 ; 
 J. Temple Hotchkiss, 1870; CM. Lawrence, 1870; 
 Jno. J. Mitchell, 1873 ; F. W. Seward, 1873 ; Fred. 
 H. Bradner, 1875 ; J. W. Ostrom, 1877 ; Jno. J. Mit- 
 chell, 1877. 
 
 The following is a list of the membership in the 
 order in which they have subscribed to the constitu- 
 tion and by-laws of the society : 
 
 J, W. Ostiom, DeWitl C. Jayue, .1. Temple Hotilikiss, Ira S. Bradner, C. 
 M. Lawreiifp, A. Ili.ughtuu, W. A. M. Culbert, Tlieo. P. Knapp, .To- 
 sepli Haslir.im-k, Freilerick W. Seward, C. P. Saxton, E. H. Nolile, 
 
(X^^^ ^^^^yrfc 
 
 ^^ 
 
MKDICAI. SoriKTIKH. 
 
 183 
 
 (•(KirKO K. KtM.ti', .Ui\iu .1. MItcl.i.ll, lloriry It. Hill™, Kr.-I. II, lliii'l- 
 iiiir, Aitliiir M. Woiirlrnll, lliinry V. .Smllli. f.'liirerice M. C.iiiinl, 
 0»or((« S<:h"li((cr, W, MoitIh liullor, A. 1', Mil lo.rinlrl, .MIm K.J. 
 Plorce, T. (Firy, Hiililon II. Tiilir.ll, N. KnirnoiiH I'lilni!, Floyil I'. 
 HIifMoll, Ali.liW) I'. Wimaninoii, (,'. H|/i!nc«r KIiim.v, MIm, .ImIIi. K. 
 Ilnidiiur. 
 
 DhvvittClinton' Javnk, M.D. — Tlu-Jiiyiictinnily 
 ur<: of KiiKliHil orijfiii, tlie earlifest rcfircsentativc hav- 
 ing been Kiiiiiiu:! Jayric, a wiflowcr, who inarrir'd after 
 ruacliirig tlii.s county, and had by this marriage three 
 noun and one daughter, all residing on Long I.fhmd, 
 The latter afterwards beeaine Mrs. PhilliiiH, whose 
 huHhand was the progenitor of tlic family of that j 
 name who founded I'hiliipsburg, town of VV'allkill, 
 Orange Co., N. Y. OrieoflheHonHata later period set- 
 tled in Florida, Orange Co. Among Ids children was 
 Samuel, who resided in I''lorida, married, and had j 
 six sons and six daughters, of whom a son, Htephen, 
 was united in marriage to Mi.ss Sarah, daughter of 
 Beth Marvin, Ksq., of lilooming-Orove, whose family 
 were intimately associateil with the war of the devo- 
 lution. Mr. and Mrs. .Jayn(! were the parents of 
 eight children, — Amelia, Lewis M., Charles M., 
 Emily, Dewitt C, Maria, Beth M., and Harriet. Of 
 this number Dewitt Clintfin, whose career is here [ 
 briefly epitomized, wjis born in Floriila, Orange Co., 
 Feb. fi, 1817. J I is boyhood was spent at the home of 
 his father, where he pursued lii.s studies at tlie public 
 school, and later repaired to the Montgomery Acad- 
 emy at Montgomery, N. Y., and the Farmers' Acad- ; 
 emy at Goshen, N. Y. Here he developed a tiwte 
 for study and a power of application which contri- 
 but<;d greatly Ui his success in afti,-r-years. 
 
 Having deternjined upon a professional career, he 
 in 18:54 entered the office of Dr. 8. B. Barlow, of 
 Florida, as a student of medicine anrl continued with 
 him until his enrollment in the Medical Department 
 of Yale College, from wIkmicc he graduated in 1839. 
 He chose the place of his nativity as a desirable field 
 of labor, where Ik; has since that time r(^sided. Dr. 
 Jayne immediately espoused the cause of liomojopathy, 
 and meeting with somediffieultiea in the introduction 
 of a new system of practice became for a time an ex- 
 ponent of both schools of medicine. At a later 
 piTiod his labors were; wholly devoted to the cause of 
 homoopathy, of which he is now on<; of the leading 
 representatives in the county. Dr. Jayne speedily 
 entered upon an extended and lucrative practice. He 
 at once established a reputation for skill in diagnosis 
 and for untiring devotion to the interests of his 
 jiatients. His coun.sel and experieni-e were at a later 
 jieriod eagerly Hoiight by studerjts, many of whom 
 began a successful medi'al career under his direction. 
 Dr. Jayne wa« both jiresident and vice-president of 
 the first hom'eopathic society organized in Orange 
 (/'ounty, and continued an active member during it-s 
 existence. He has been a member of the American 
 histitute of Homieo[)athy since ]8()7, and was in 1872 
 el<;cted a trustee of th(' Ktate Honueo|iathie Asylum at 
 .Vliddletown, N. Y. He has also devoted himself 
 
 with /.eiil to the public interests of lh(; county. He 
 has filled the position of director of the (Joshen and 
 Deckertown Kailroad sincf; its organization, and has 
 been for thirty years identified with the Chaster Na- 
 tional Bank a.s a director. The doctfjr's early politi- 
 cal afliliations were with the Democratic party. He 
 subseijuently became identified with tiie Hepublieans 
 and W!is a member of the HUdi; Convention which 
 met at Saratoga in 18.04, whose objed was the organi- 
 zation of the party, and also of the Syracuse and 
 Auburn Conventions of the same year. He is, how- 
 ever, not a strong party man, and f're')uently independ- 
 ent in the exercise of his franchise. He is a Presby- 
 terian in his religious jireferences, and his family 
 regular attendants upon the worshi|) of that church. 
 Dr. Jayne wjis married Dec. 20, 1849, U> Miss Mary 
 Augusta, daughter of Kdwin 1*. Seward, of Florida, 
 and brother of Hon. William PL Seward, whose 
 liirlh|)lace w;ls also Florida. 
 
 J. W. OsTUO.M, M.D.— His fath(;r. Rev. James I. 
 Ostrom, was born at l'lea.sant Valley, liuchess Co., 
 N. Y., in November, 1761, and sjient his active life as 
 a Presbyterian clergyman. 
 
 He began his labors as a minister in the Presbyte- 
 rian Church of Marlborough, L'lster Co., N. Y., in 
 1810, where he remained, with great devotion to his 
 calling, until 182!l, when hi; was called ti^j the Sal ina 
 Presbyterian Church in Onondaga Co., N. Y., and 
 preached for four years, thence to Little Falls for two 
 years, and in 18.'5.'j returned to the Marlborough 
 Church, where he remained until 18;{8, and for the 
 following ten years was jjastor of a church in New 
 York City. iJuring his pastorate there liis wife, who 
 was a devoted Christian woman and a faithful helper 
 in church work, died. This sad event so affected 
 him tliat he gave uj) the ministry for a while, and 
 resided in Goshen with his son. Dr. Ostrom, but be- 
 coming restless under a seeming duty to follow the 
 ministry, to which he had devoted his life, he ac- 
 cepted a call from the New Windsor I'resbytcrian 
 Church, where he labored until it seemed proper for 
 him to retire from service there, on account of his 
 earnest advocacy of the Union cause and supfiort of 
 the princi|ili-s of freedom during the latecivil war. He 
 married again and re,iiil(;d in Marlborough, where he 
 first began his ministerial labors, until his death, which 
 occurred in September, 1871. His first wife wan Eliza, 
 daughter of Col. Joshua Ward, of I'lcasant Valley, 
 who bore him the following chililren that grew to 
 manhood and wiimanhood : .Adelia, wife of Mr. Hunt- 
 ley, of Salina, N. Y. ; \)r, J. W. Ostrom, subject of 
 this sketch ; James, for many years a merchant in 
 New York; Harriet; and John, who died while jirc- 
 paring for the ministry at college, in New York. 
 
 Dr. J. W. Ostrom v/oh born July 10, 1814, in Marl- 
 borough. His early education from books was re- 
 ceived at till; common school, under the private in- 
 struction of his uncle, Itev. Mr. Kniflin, of Little 
 Falls, and at the Fairfield Academy, N. Y., at which 
 
184 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 latter place he was graduated. At the age of eigh- 
 teen he began the study of medicine at Little Falls, 
 with Dr. Arsenus Smith, and the same year attended 
 a course of lectures at Castleton Medical College, 
 Vermont. 
 
 Being wholly dependent upon his own resources for 
 
 i //lOJ^^^^^-^-^^ 
 
 prosecuting his medical studies, he taught one term 
 of school in Marlborough, and tlien engaged to attend 
 a drug-store in New York, where he continued his 
 studies with tlie proprietor, who was a physician. 
 While there he was invited by Dr. Bedford, of that 
 city, to attend his medical lectures at Peale's Museum, 
 where he obtained the confidence of Dr. Bedford to 
 such an extent for his devotion to study, and his de- 
 termination to succeed, tluit he was invited to con- 
 tinue his studies with that gentleman, until he was 
 graduated at the College^of Physicians and Surgeons, 
 in New York, in 1838. 
 
 In the spring of 1839, Dr. Ostrom settled in the 
 practice of his prbfession at Goshen, where by perse- 
 verance and skill in the treatment of disease, and his 
 care and sympathy for the afflicted, he soon won the 
 confidence of a large circle of friends. 
 
 A student of his profession, Dr. Ostrom followed 
 the regular practice until 1849, when he began to in- 
 vestigate the principles of iionid'opathy. Here he 
 found a wide and interesting field for study, and be- 
 coming convinced of its superior theory of practice 
 and necessary results, in 1852 he entered regularly 
 
 upon the practice of the new theory of medicine, 
 which, although at first was received with doubts, 
 soon wou the confidence of a respectable part of the 
 community, and in a few years was successfully estab- 
 lished with a large part of the intelligent reading 
 and thinking jiublic. 
 
 Dr. Ostrom was the first I'egularly settled physician 
 of homojopathy in Orange County, one of the found- 
 ers of the Orange County Homteopathic Medical So- 
 ciety, of which he has been chosen president many 
 times, and to his early practice of this new theory of 
 medicine is largely traced the origin and early history 
 of homeopathy in this part of the State. 
 
 Besides his connection with the Orange County 
 medical societies, he has been chosen for four years in 
 succession, beginning with 1877, a delegate to the 
 State Medical Society. 
 
 His acknowledged skill as a physician, his long 
 continuous practice at Goshen, his liberal views en- 
 tertained towards those who differ with him in the 
 theory and practice of medicine, his care of and devo- 
 tion to his patients, his safe aud judicious counsel, often 
 outside of his regular ride, have made his name widely 
 known throughout the county aud State, as among 
 the first physicians of his day. 
 
 He married in December, 1840, Emily I., daughter 
 of Dr. Eleazer Gedney, of Newburgh, who died March 
 24, 1879, aged sixty-three years. The children born 
 of this union are Charlotte, wife of Dr. Clarence 
 Conant, of Middletown ; Gunning B., a merchant in 
 Goshen ; Eliza, wife of William Vauamee, a lawyer of 
 Middletown ; Annie, wife of Rev. Henry A. Dowes, of 
 Middletown ; and Hiram Irwin, a graduate of the 
 New York Homieopathic Medical College, and a 
 practicing physician in New York City. 
 
 Dr. Ostrom's present wife is Emma Gertrude, widow 
 of the late Edgar T. Lu Gar, of New York, and 
 daughter of Prof. L. A. Benjamin, of that city, whom 
 he married April 26, 1881. 
 
 Dii. William A. M. Culbert is a native of New 
 York City, and was born Nov. 4, 1822. During his 
 earlier years he resided in the city and enjoyed the 
 benefits of excellent educational training at the private 
 schools of the period. He subsequently entered the 
 Academic De]iartnient of the University of the City of 
 New York, at which institution he was graduated on 
 June 12, 1841, receiving the degree of Bachelor of 
 Arts. Three years later he received the Master's de- 
 gree. 
 
 After the termination of his academical course 
 only a brief interval elapsed before Dr. Culbert com- 
 menced his medical education. He entered the office 
 of Prof. Valentine Mott as a student of medicine, 
 and the year following was matriculated in the medi- 
 cal department of the university of which he was an 
 alumnus. After completing the three years' course 
 of prescribed studies he received the degree of Doctor 
 of Medicine on March 11, 1846. He soou after set- 
 tled in Brooklyn and entered upon the practice 'of his 
 
MEDICAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 185 
 
 profession, meeting witli a degree of success that was 
 very encouraging. His friend, A. Gerald Hull, M.D., 
 n distinguished physician of New York, had recently 
 withdrawn from practice and settled in Newburgh to 
 recover his health, greatly impaired by hard work in 
 his profession. By this gentleman Dr. Culbert was 
 urged to remove to Newburgh also, and this, after 
 consideration, he finally resolved to do. Accordingly 
 on Nov. 8, 1847, he arrived in that city and took 
 rooms in the United States Hotel, where he immedi- 
 iitely opened an office, entering almost from the be- 
 ginning upon a good practice, which in time becairie 
 extensive and lucrative, and included many of the 
 most desirable families of the vicinity. 
 
 Dr. Culbert waa married on Oct. 12, 1852, to Miss 
 Henrietta, daughter of Robert and Louisa A. Powell, 
 and granddaugliter of Thomas Powell who was then 
 in the enjoyment of a vigorous old age. Since his 
 marriage the doctor has occupied the residence corner 
 of Grand and Second Streets, with his wife and son, 
 Francis R Culbert, in the enjoyment of a high de- 
 gree of profesaioiia! success. For twenty years so 
 closely confined was he that he was scarcely absent 
 from the duties of his profession as many days in all 
 as that number of years. His practice demanded his 
 full time, and so incessant were his labors that at 
 last health began to yield and rest became impera- 
 tively necessary, This he took in 1870, and .again in 
 1871, several months of each year traveling in Europe 
 and visiting many of the medical institutions of tlic 
 countries through which he passed. 
 
 Besides occupying the position of an intelligent and 
 successful phy.sician in the community in which he 
 has passed so many years of his life, Dr. Culbert is 
 also recognized as one of the leading citizens of New- 
 burgh, performing in a plain, modest, dignified, and 
 courteous mannerthe various social duties that devolve 
 upon him. AVhile taking an active interest in the 
 public events of the day, and in the local enterprises 
 of th ■ city, he has been prevented by the pressure of 
 professional duty from participating in political or 
 public life. 
 
 Ira S. Bkadnki!, M.D., is a lineal descendant from 
 Mcv. .John BradiuT, a native of Scotland, the first 
 Presbyterian pastor of Goshen, who settled there in 
 1721, and died in 1732. 
 
 His father, Thomas Wickham Bradner, was boin 
 and resided in the town of Goshen, Orange Co., where 
 he was a farmer during his active business life. He 
 was a promoter of the interest of the Orange County 
 Agricultural Society, of which he was a member, pro- 
 gressive in his ideas of the development of the indus- 
 tries of the county, and a thorough-going business 
 man. Both he and his wife were members of the 
 Presbyterian Church at Goshen, of which he served 
 for many years as elder. 
 
 His wife, Susan Smitii, bore him the follov.'ing chil- 
 dren who reached manhood and womanhood: M''il- 
 liam Fisk, succeeded to the homestead farm and there 
 13 
 
 died ; Eliza, became the wife of David Redfield, a 
 merchant of Goshen, where she died ; Dr. Ira S., sub- 
 ject of this sketch ; Rev. Thomas Scott, graduated at 
 Princeton College, and is a Presbyterian clergyman 
 at Glen Cove, L. I. ; Harriet, died unnuuried ; Harvey, 
 was a farmer iji Goshen, and there died ; Susan Emily, 
 is the wife of .Joseph Young, ofGoshen ; and Caroline. 
 
 Many membersof the Bradner family have made the 
 medical profession their life work, and several have 
 been identified with the practice of medicine in Orange 
 County. 
 
 Dr. Ira S. Bradner was bora in the town of Goshen, 
 June 2, 1820. He received his preparatory course of 
 education at Farmers' Hall Academy, Goshen, en- 
 tered Princeton College, from which he was graduated 
 with the usual honors in the class of 1840. 
 
 After his graduation he began the study of medi- 
 cine with Dr. .1. W. O.strom, ofGoshen, attended two 
 courses of medical lectures at the Medical Department 
 of the University of New York, from which he was 
 graduated in 1843. 
 
 He first settled 'in practice at Scotchtown, Orange 
 Co., wliere, by his professional skill, perseverance, 
 care, and devotion to his patients, he .soon won the 
 confidence of the community and esteem of his fellow 
 associates of the profession. While in New York 
 purchasing medical books to replenish his library, 
 about 1850, Dr. Bradner, through curiosity alone to 
 know what it contained, purchased among other 
 books the " Hahnemann (Jrganon," the study of 
 which soon convinced him of the superiority of its 
 theory of the practice of medicine, and gradually he 
 began to adopt the new practice. So successful was 
 he in the treatment of dlfRcult cases by this method, 
 that although a member of the Orange County Medi- 
 cal Society, and already inducted into a successful 
 practice in the old school of medicine, he resolved to 
 adopt the new theory, which he accordingly did about 
 1852. 
 
 He remained at Scotchtown until 1857, when he 
 settled at Middletown. where he has since continued 
 the duties of his jirofcssion. 
 
 Upon the organization of the Homiro[iathic Medi- 
 cal Society of Orange County, on Nov. 12, 1.851, in 
 which Dr. Bradner took an active part, Dr. A. G. Hull 
 was chosen president. Dr. DeWittC. Jayne, vice-presi- 
 dent, Dr. Bradner, secretary and treasurer, and Dr. 
 Wm. L. Culbert, corresponding secretary. 
 
 Dr. Bradner has not only officiated as secretary and 
 treasurer of the .society since, a period of twenty-nine 
 years, but has frequently contributed valuable statis- 
 tics, and ably discussed medical topics before the 
 society, in which his counsel has always commanded 
 the confidence of his |)rofessional brctlinn fur candor, 
 frankness, ar.d practical utility. 
 
 Dr. Bradnci', and a few other medical men of Orange 
 County, are the founders of hoiiKcopathic practice in 
 the county, and to them alone is due the credit and 
 honor of having met the obstacles incident to the 
 
186 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 introduction of this new tlieory and its successful es- 
 tablishment here. 
 
 Dr. Bradner was the first settled honia'opathic phy- 
 sician in Middletown, and is one of the oldest prac- 
 titioners of medicine in the county. 
 
 In 1863, Dr. Bradner was appointed assistant sur- 
 geon of the Fifty-sixth Regiment New York Volun- 
 teers, under Gen. Van Wyck, and remained with the 
 regiment while stationed on Saybrook Island, and at 
 Beaufort, S. C., and just before the close of the war 
 he received the appointment of surgeon of the same 
 regiment. 
 
 His wife is Sarah Jane, daughter of John G. and 
 Susan (Bronson) Houston, of Scotehtown, whom he 
 married Oct. 5, 1843. She was born July 18, 1819. 
 
 Their children are Julia E., graduated at the 
 Women's Medical College and Hospital in New York 
 in 1878, and is a successful practitioner in Middle- 
 town ; Susan, is the wife of Odell Hathaway, of New- 
 burgh ; Fred. H., born Oct. 6, 1849, graduated at a 
 homa'opathic college in New York, and afterwards 
 practiced medicine in Middletown until his death, in 
 January, 1880 ; John Fremont, was graduated at the 
 Albany Law School, and is a lawyer and ])olice jus- 
 tice at Middletown; and Isabella G. 
 
 Charles M. Lawrexie, M.D. — The Lawrence 
 family are of German extraction, Jacob Lawrence, 
 the progenitor of the family in America, having, at 
 the age of eighteen and previous to the war of the 
 Revolution, emigrated from Alsace, Germany, to his 
 adopted country. Mr. Lawrence, soon after his ar- 
 rival, became impressed with the justice of the cause 
 of the colonies, and enrolled his name as one of their 
 defenders, serving with much credit at the battle of 
 Trenton, where he was captain of the guard. He was 
 on this occasion honored with the confidence of the 
 commander-in-chief, whose intention to cross the Del- 
 aware was known only to his council of war and to 
 Mr. Lawrence. He served during the contlict, and at 
 its tlose became a resident of Philadelphia, having 
 previously been located at Red Bank, N. J. Mr. Law- 
 rence had three sons, Jacob, James, and Charles, the 
 latter of whom was the father of Charles M., the sub- 
 ject of this biography, and was born in Philadelphia, 
 where the early years of his life were passed. 
 
 The practical education which laid the foundation 
 of a subsequent successful career was obtained at the 
 public schools of the city, after which he acquired the 
 trade of a rope-maker. This was pursued for years 
 with his accustomed vigor, and at a later period his 
 business interests became identified with those of his 
 brother Jacob. 
 
 Mr. Lawrence's political predilections may be de- 
 scribed as those of an Old-Line Whig, while his faith 
 sympathized with the belief of the " Christians." He 
 was united in marriage to Miss Mary De Flood, to 
 whom two children — James and Charles M. — were 
 born. The death of Mr. Lawrence occurred in 1845, 
 in his fifty-sixth year, his wife's demise having taken 
 
 place in 1826. Charles M. Lawrence was born in 
 Philadelphia, July 8, 1822, where his early years were 
 spent in study. A desire to engage in active business 
 prompted him to remove to New York, where he be- 
 came a druggist. Determining to enter one of the 
 professions, he began the study of medicine in 1847, 
 and graduated in the class of 1849-50 from the !Medi- 
 cal Department of the University of the City of New 
 York, having for two years previously engaged in 
 practice in New York under the direction of his pre- 
 ceptor, Lyman Fisk, M.D., in whose ofiice he spent 
 four years. 
 
 He soon after relinquished business pursuits and 
 devoted himself exclusively and with much ardor to 
 the practice of medicine in New York, having mean- 
 while become an exponent of the homceopathic school. 
 He was appointed in 1849 to the care of the Thir- 
 teenth Ward Station-House during the cholera epi- 
 demic, and the following year removed to Port Jervis. 
 
 Dr. Lawrence has been twice married ; first, to Miss 
 Margaret Holmes, of Bridgeton, N. J., who was the 
 mother of four children, — Emma, wife of Edgar Van 
 Etten, of Port Jervis; Carrie J., wife of D. J. Pierce, 
 of the same place ; Holmes ; and Charles, who is de- 
 ceased. Mrs. Lawrence died in 1S65, and in 1868 he 
 was again married, to Miss Agnes L., daughter of 
 Alexander Turner, of Scotch descent. To them were 
 born two children, — Fred. M. and Agnes Houseman. 
 Dr. Lawrence is a member of the State Homceopathic 
 Society, and president of the Orange County Homoeo- 
 pathic Society. He has manifested during his resi- 
 dence in Port Jervis a deep interest in its educational 
 institutions, and has been for successive years presi- 
 dent of the board of education. 
 
 Dr. Lawrence during the late Rebellion warmly 
 espoused the cause of the Union, and was instru- 
 mental in organizing the first company of volunteers. 
 He has, notwithstanding his extended and lucrative 
 practice, found time to devote to the interest of the 
 community and the State. The doctor is in politics 
 a Liberal Republican. His religious affinities are 
 those of the Reformed (Dutch) faith, of which church 
 he is an active and consistent member. 
 
 CHAPTER XIIL 
 
 THE PRESS OF ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 Printing, both of newspapers and books, had a 
 comparatively early introduction in Orange County. 
 The first newspaper printed in New York City was 
 issued Oct. 16, 1725, and fifty years later there was 
 none north of the Highlands. During the Revolu- 
 tion, Samuel Louden followed the retreating footsteps 
 of the Continental forces from New York to Fishkill 
 with his AVfc York Packet, but at best it was an 
 army and not a local newspaper. The war closeil in 
 
'k^.^^S-i^^^ 
 
 <^.^J^ 
 
5,,Wp^ 
 
THE I'llESS OF ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 187 
 
 1783, and five years later a newspaper press was 
 established at Goshen,- — The (ioshi-n Repository, — and 
 twelve years later there was a nows])aper press — The 
 Newhun/h Puchet — and hook printing at Ncwl)Urgh. 
 Specimens of these pioneer ])ublieations compare fav- 
 orably with any printed in New York at that time; 
 while " An Apology for the Bible," by K. Watson, 
 D.D., F.R.S., printed by David Denniston, at New- 
 burgh, in 179fi, is exceedingly credital)le in typo- 
 graphical execution and binding. That there has 
 been a wide departure from this primitive equality, 
 both in newspaper and book printing, is evident 
 enough. ' Capital, machinery, and the ficilities of 
 communication are preponderatingly in favor of the 
 cities in all avocations, and especially in jirinting; 
 nevertheless, the newspaper press of Orange County 
 maintains — and has maintained during the nneipial 
 struggle through which ithasi)assed — a high standard 
 of merit. 
 
 The history of the newspaper press of the c(mnty 
 cannot now be written. In their eiirly stages news- 
 papers represented men to a greater extent tlian they 
 do now. They were maiidy either literally the "or- 
 gans" of agreeing politicians, who j)urchased and 
 " set them up," or of individuals in a less aggregated 
 sense, in whose hands they became the substitute for 
 the pamphlet in reaching the jiublic ear. In some 
 instances they were private ventures. With full files 
 and a thorough investigation the influences which 
 brought many of them into being might be traced in 
 some cases, and the writer be able to say, with an 
 early penman, " Which means, through the columns 
 of that paper, Judge Booth ! Judge Booth I" l)ut as 
 a whole the in<iuiry would not lie protital)le. Sufficient 
 for the purposes of this work are such details as have 
 tangible record. 
 
 THE PRESS OF GOSHEN. 
 
 The Goshen Beposifoi-i/ was established by David 
 Mandeville and David M. Westcott, at the Academy, 
 in Goshen, in 1788. In 1793 its office was near the 
 court-house. In 1800 it was sold to John G. and 
 William Heurtiu, who changed its name to The 
 Orange Count;/ Patriot. In 1801, William Heurtin 
 sold his interest to Gabriel Denton. In 180;{, Denton 
 sold to William A.. Carpenter, and its name was 
 changed to The Friend of Truth. In 1804, Ward ]\I. 
 Gazlay became its proprietor, and changed its name 
 to The Orange Eagle. In 1805 its materials were 
 destroyed by fire, and Mr. Gazlay removed to New- 
 burgh. 
 
 The Orange County Catp^^c was commenced at Goshen 
 in 1S04 by Galtricl Denton, who took its name from 
 an extinct Newburgh paper. Elliott Hopkins, pub- 
 lisher, 1807; Elliott Hopkins & Co., 1811; Elliott 
 Hopkins, 1812; F. J. & A. D. Houghton, 1813; 
 " printed and published for the proprietor" in 1818. 
 Its subsetpient history is unknown. 
 
 The Orange County Farmer was established at Go- 
 
 shen in 1820 by Williams & Farrand. How long it 
 was continued has not been ascertained. Its founders 
 were graduates of the AUxiny Ploiv-Boy establish- 
 ment, and aimed to conduct a general news and agri- 
 cultural paper. Samuel Williams, the a.ssociate of 
 Mr. Farrand, died at Rondout, June 16, 1878, in his 
 ninetieth year, and at the time of his death was said 
 to have been the oldest printer in the State. He was 
 for forty years a member of the Baptist communion. 
 The Orange County Patriot and Spirit of Seventy- 
 Sir was commenced at Goshen, by Gabriel Denton, in 
 1808. Lewis & Crowell purchased it and removed 
 it to Newburgh, where it was published as " a new- 
 series" in 1811. T. B. Crowell was the publisher in 
 1812, and professed to hold its columns "open to all 
 parties" but to be " influenced by none." It was again 
 at Goshen in 1822, Mr. Crowell proi)rietor, and was 
 subsequently sold to K. C. S. Hendrie. Feb. 22, 1834, 
 Hendrie sold to F. T. Parsons, who changed its name 
 to Goshen Denioerat. Charles Mead became the asso- 
 ciate of Mr. Parsons in 1842. Nathaniel Webb suc- 
 ceeded Mr. Parsons, and the firm became Mead & 
 Webb, and, after the death of Mr. Wel^b, Charles 
 Mead & Son. Mr. Hendrie started the True Whig in 
 1843, and after continuing it two years sold it to 
 Mead & Webb, who changed their newspaper title to 
 Goshen Democrat and Whig. After Mr. Webb's death, 
 Mr. Mead dropped the Whig and resumed the title of 
 Goshen Democrat. As the name of (Jabriel Denton 
 will not again be met in connection with the Goshen 
 j press, of which he was so industrious a founder, it may 
 be stated here that his last years were spent in the Or- 
 ange County poor-house. He certainly deserved a 
 better fate. 
 
 The Orange County Republican, " volume one, num- 
 ber one, Montgomery, May 6, 18()(!. Published for 
 the Proprietors by Cyrus Beach and Luther Pratt," 
 is a transcript of the imprint of a paper published in 
 Montgomery, or, as some writers say, " at Ward's 
 Bridge," which was the title of the first post-office in 
 Montgomery, and so called from the fact that it 
 was located and kept at James Ward's grist-null, 
 where he had thrown a bridge across the Wallkill, 
 constituting it one of the most convenient locations 
 for the delivery of mail-matter. Who the proprietors 
 were is explained in its issue of June 9, 1800, in which 
 it says, " Money was advanced in eipial shares by 
 twenty-four patriotic citizens of this county, consist- 
 ing chiefly of respectable farmers, and mostly inhab- 
 itants of the town of Montgomery." Notices of meet- 
 ings of the proprietors frequently appear in its files. 
 From the first it claimed to be an Independent Repulj- 
 lican journal, — one which was prepared to admit that 
 there was some honesty among Federalists, but one 
 that was bitterly opposed to DeWitt Clinton and 
 what would now be called the " ring," which con- 
 trolled the then Republican organization. In 1812, 
 January 18th, Luther Pratt being the publisher, its 
 title was changed, for the evident purpose of more 
 
18S 
 
 IIIS'l'OllV Oh' ()l!A.\(;i'; COIIN'I'V, M'lU' VOUK, 
 
 clciirly i]iilii;;il.iii(,' il.H cliiLrucli'r, to Jik/ijuiii/iii/ Hrpith- 
 llriiii. .liuilcH A. (JlK^om.'y lietiiliu'. Rm \n<>\<\'u-U<v in 
 IHIH, liy wlioili it wan rcliKiVi'il to (loiln^ii moiih- tiinii 
 iilioiit 1H22, wlinri! lit; coiMiiiiMMl il until IH.'ili, wln^n 
 \w mill! to llcMiy II. Villi Uyrli. W'lirli till' IllltiM- 
 wiiw cliM'tiMJ to tin; Hliilt; Scimtc in \KW,, luid in wliirli 
 he Hul-vcil IVoiii lH;t7 to IMIO, In; wild il to Victor M . 
 I>nilt(!, wlio Imd |ii'cvi(niHly Immmi iiHHO(!iiilc;(l with him 
 ill lis piililli'iillon. Mr. Driiki! Mold to Mohuh Swo/.ey 
 in IHIl, who Hidd to Chii-li <V Mmitiuiyi; in IH-IO. 
 .liinic'rt.I. McNiilly iinrrhimcd In I «.''>.'(, and Hold to I. 
 V. Moiitiinyc' in I.H,'i7. Mr. MitNiilly rcpiiiTlmHcd 
 IViMii Mr. Montiinyi-, and «old to 10. M. Itnttciili(;nind 
 II. I". Kiinlicr in LSill). II. I'. Kiinlicr (MMiliiiniMJ it 
 iiiilil I.H":!, wlii'ii hi! Hold to 'I'lionuiH I'. Mid'',lratli, 
 wlio Mold lo I. \ . Montanyi', itn |iri;n(;iil proprietor. 
 W'hih- inolilic in (diaiiKi'H of propriftorn, tin; iiapcr 
 has niiiintainccl m nniMiMlcnt political coui-mu Miiici- 
 IHli-l, whrii niodiiN poliliiiil piirticM wcri! Iciiuidcd 
 under Jacl^Hon, and laiily won, in days aiiti^rior to 
 ]«Ki, tho lith; ot "Ihc liildcot the KraMHc County 
 Drinocrmy." 
 
 The. Dniiurra/ir Sluiiiliinl wax Hlartrd al (loslicn in 
 Novcinlicr, IK-l.'!, hy Vail .t Donovan, iih an opponent 
 of the ./irj>iih/lriiii, or rather ol' tin; jiarties wliieh il 
 reprCMlillted, ll piiM^rd lo Ihc liands ol lleclor \';iil 
 in lH4'l,who ehiinijcd il^ iiMine lo lloslim C/iiiinii. Il 
 wiiH a MpiriU^d '• Imriilainicr" paper, lail under tin; 
 nainion of the 1 )enioerati(; party ils voealimi wan 
 iimt. In IKI'.t itM MiilpHcriiilion IIhI wiih initrged in the 
 fH(tc/>i:ii(lriil Jir/iu/iUriui,' ami ilH materlalH were taken 
 (,o New Millord, J'a., hy dohn M. Heller, and with 
 Mieiii .laniiiH J. McNally Htarlcd tlu; Mi/ford Jkrald. 
 Ill IK.VJ, (hiring the " hard-Hliell" and " Mort-Hlicll" 
 ru|)tiirit in the Denioeratie party, tliu Drmoiralir lii:- 
 fiinin- was .started at (io«heii an a " hoCI-hIicU" organ 
 under the niiinaneinent of A. (J. 'I'neker. After a 
 fthorl life ilH inaleriaU and HiihHeri|)tion pasMcii to the 
 Jmlr/,n„lri,l /{r/iiih/irnn, i>\' whieli .laiiieH J. McNally 
 wan I lien I lie proprieliM'. 
 
 It'nnii reeolhtelioiiH hy Victor M. Drake, now tlic 
 •jldoMt priiiti'r in tliii eoiinly, we learn that " David 
 JM. VVcstcott wiiM a praelieiil printer and edilor, who 
 Hervcd a portion ol' Iuh lime in lieiijaiiiin l''raid;lin'H 
 ul<l prilltillK-oHico in I'hihidelpliia, tlioiiKli, of eoiir«e, 
 not under I'Vaiiklin'M inartlerMliip. He wiw liorn in 
 
 • Mr. Niillmuhil Villi, "I' (i"»li(Mi, Mup|.llim llii. li)ll..»liiK lulllll il |n.i ■ 
 
 llrularn III liilcTOIliu! lu lllo Ht<iii<hird iiIkI 111" CImiuii : 
 
 *' III Ni'VollllHtl', IH4:l, WIIH I'olllllioiiri^d 111 (Jtidlmll llll' lilll'llriillull t.l llii) 
 liiiw«lm|>ur klluwii ll« III" Dmiorialir HUimlmil. Il> r.|lll.ii» W"i" T. W. 
 Iluiiuviiii mill II. Villi. (Ill 111" |.Uli of .lull" "f 111" l..lluwliiK yciir lloii- 
 uviiii K'lln.il. mill III" |ill|i"l' iippi'liiwl Willi 11 11"" Im.|"I-IIiu dii'Un, 
 <..'(.ir(-/ii-iiiiil li"i:iilii" 11 ' fnt".«"ir |.iil.ll.;ial"ii. Tli" Ii.ii.IIhk l.i.iil lli'iiin. 
 Olliln i.r 111" •«..ri.»li"ir m- 'l.urii.lnilM"!' |«illl»li "I 111" lil'lly "11" »"l" 
 
 KllnllillilliK Mm I..||il l«" W"l" I Iilll» I.. Villi, .\«i II. .lull Iillll"« II. 
 
 .J„li luliii II. Il.inlh, mill ll..i'liir Villi, iif lliml , M"rill. II.eiiMli.of 
 
 Alliil»liiU,iiliil Fl'iilidiiTlltlilll, 111 (lliiiKtiir. .Imln" llimlli liillliiK In IHIfi, 
 Ih" |iiililliiiilloiiil"v.ilvi"l(iii 111" Viillh, aiidiMi lli"ili.|illi lit l,"li|j|ii« I.,, Ill 
 I8.III (wliimo lialiui liiul lii'"ll ""llBlmilly ill II" Iniml), III" y"llllgi'"t "xniiii- 
 <i,r .ll«"iiV"rliiK lliiitli" liiiil "X|i"iiiliiil ii|iwiii'il" nt tw"iit.v-llv" liiiiiiliuil 
 
 <lulliiri. Ill 111" |iiil.ll"iiliiin, l""U »l"|i" I" illwuiill Ml" wiiii", wlildi wim 
 
 .iltiTlml .lull" I'l, mill," 
 
 ('oriiwiillol hiiiiilije p:iieiil:i;je, mill in eiiiiy lifeap- 
 preiitieed lo ii fiirmei', and aflerwarilH learned llie 
 priiitcr'H I lade. 1 1 in wife wan tiie daUf.diter of l)r. 
 (Joe dale, one of the early MCtllerH of (limheii, hy whom 
 he had live daiijiliteiH and liiree hoiih, -Mandevillc, 
 .Mathan, and Williiiin. Nathan wiw clerk of tiic 
 loiinly from IXI-l to IH.'i,"), David M. Westcott wan 
 nol only a jjood pnietieal printer, liiit a (;ooil iiier- 
 cliaiit and farmer, an alile eililor, and a IriiHtworthy 
 puhlie Hervaiil, Hi'rving an eoiinly elerk in 1815 and 
 1821, iSlate Mcnator 18;jl-;i4, inemlier of .\nHemhly in 
 1828, and (illed many other HtalionM of honor and 
 triiMt. He acted as edilor of the liiiltinjiilriil- Hi'imhlA- 
 fitii for a Ion;; time alhr Mr. (Jheeney wiim Hlruck 
 down uitli paraly-iH. I have repiialcdly called him 
 from lii" lahor upon his larm lo write editoriaU for 
 the llrjiiililiriiii, lor Miieli uas ihe high Hlate of party 
 feeling that llie puhlie uonld Irir-t no other man than 
 ' lilllc Dave W'esteott' with the reHpoiiHihiJity of 
 editing that pajier in critical (deetioii tiinen. The 
 next two gentlemen of diHtinetion connected with the 
 thmlien presH were Hon. Henry H. Van J)yek and 
 Hon. William H. Wright. Itolli of thcHC gentlemen 
 were printeis and editorH of high literary ahilily. 
 Van Dyek wan a native of Kinderhook, and waH Mcnt 
 lo (iomIkmi I'roni Alhany to Hiicec(!d Mr. (Jheeney. I 
 lived Hcvcn yeaiH witli Mr. (Jheeney, and Hcrved four 
 years in the ErpuUican oflice with Van Dyek. Judge 
 Wright wiiH a native of Newhiirgh, and learned print- 
 ing under Ward M. (ia/.hiy. While Mtiidying law al 
 (JoMhen he waH thiMMJitor of Mr. lleiidrie'H Triiv W/iii/. 
 I remained in the J{r//ulj/iciiii olliee for a period of 
 four years as edilor and proprietor after Mr. Van 
 Dyek was elecled Memitor. During my iidminiMtra- 
 lion the ' Hard ( 'ider' eaiiipaign of 1840 was fought, 
 and prior to that wan tiie local struggle to locate tiie 
 ICaslern J)ivisi<>n of the ICrie Uailroad. In IK 11, my 
 ollii'c was liiirned up and everything hut my hooks 
 lost. l''or the lime lieing I was completely hroke, 
 Wiiile the live liiindred ilollars insurance policy waa 
 pending, I took rooin.s in the third story of the old 
 court-hoiiHe, and through the generosity of Mr. I'ar- 
 soiis, of the Dniinrriit, I was enahlcd to issue the AV- 
 piihlicii.il. in a half-sheet form. Jii the mean lime 
 Lewis (.'nddeliack, ilolierl Denniston, and Nathaniel 
 .IiincH, our ineniliers of the Legislature, made U|) u 
 liiiiiilreil ilollars for me, and with the aid of a llve- 
 hnndreddollar note diseouiiled hy (iilherl (>. l''owler 
 al the Highland iiank in Newhiirgh, I was (uiabled 
 to gel on my feet again, and hring out the /ir/iii/i/ii'nu 
 in Ijctler shape tliaii ever lielore. I aflerwiirds .sold 
 out my hiisincss, and on settling up found 1 had live 
 thousand ilollars left, which I invesled in llie hriek 
 hiiilding opposile the ( ioslien (tank. Having stipii- 
 laled neilhcr lo print nor edit any more newspapers 
 in Orange ( bounty, I emigrated to New .Jersey, wliero 
 J s|ienl a good many years in the newspaper liiisineHS, 
 aci|iiiring, however, more honor than profit. In IKIM 
 I relunied lo I liaii;;e ( 'oniity, and during three ytiiirs 
 
TIIK I'llKSS OK OUANOI-: COUNTY. 
 
 189 
 
 Huccecdin^;, au'l wliiK- tin- lo 
 
 l.nUir 
 
 Wiix uiiilcr 
 
 I'liarp;*; of Mr. MrNiilly, iia'l Irci; iimcoI' itH coliitiitiH to 
 urge tlic W;illl<ill Valley lt:iilroiicl iiroject upon tlic 
 iiUi'iilion of till' |)iil)|ji'. I iiiiglit iujii licrc that iny 
 liitlier, ItiiriiH Driike, livc'd iioixlilior to 'I'imotliy H. 
 Crowell, proprietor of the old Oruiicjr. ('(luntij I'afriid 
 a/iil ,S/ilri/. of Si'viiiilij-Sir, iirid it wiiH in Mi'. Crowell'M 
 o(Ii(;e tlmt I lirHt leanieil to H<!t type." 
 
 On(' of the njetliodM of eirciiliitinj.'' newM|)a|)ern in 
 early tiincH wiw by wlial were ealled jioHt-riderH, vvlio 
 would convey tlie paper« to HuhnerilierH, in Hornc caneH 
 carryiiij; a route from OoHheii to Newliiirgli of Goshen 
 inHue, and returning witii Newburgli insueH. It wuh a 
 moMl interiwtingHerviee viitwed from tlieHland-pointof 
 present faeiliticn for reaidjing piitioiix (hrougli tiie 
 mailH. Coming into \\m: before llje ihiyM of a poMl- 
 otlice HyMtcni, it came to In; lileiuliMl with it, the mail- 
 carrier and the pout-rider being freipiontiy one and 
 the name piTHon. Thin method of tranKaeting biisinoHH 
 Ik shown by the follovviiig advertisenKwit : 
 
 "Imi'imitant Nkwm. — ThoHc purtiuiiN III IJlMttM- 1111(1 OratiKo, who tiuvo 
 b»uii MnpplyiKl witli the iimwv.ti Hi'.i'ohituiiy, by tin* HiifpNcrlbitr, urn In- 
 foMiiHrl lliul Urn |il'(tM<!iit |m[M)r r:(ili)lil('li-H uiin your hIiicc hn liiut nidti poHt. 
 11(1 w1hIi(!h thoHd Koiitloiiioii who uro In rtrruur, U) niiiku iniyiiiotit lui mxjii 
 AH pdMitlbId, lut liU (inKUKcnidriln mIiIi thu lirlnt(M' oMl^pt lillil to oxfict tlio 
 niont piincliml Hidlbtlnolibt fur tlin liutt yvnr'n [iitjK-iH. TboNd who find It 
 iniiHt (.-(jiivoiilorit, limy biiivd tlm iiKiiicy ii( tlio jiIiumi wIkh'o liiiilr iiiiporH 
 
 urn llifl. JONATOAN ilKI.OMKK. 
 
 "Fmi. -l, niil." 
 
 Noiili ( !;irpciiti,'r was aiiotlier jiohI -rider ; he was also 
 tt niail-earrier. Jle was a liime shoemaker, and lived 
 at the Iwo-iiiile stone on Ihe La Orange road. "Jle 
 was a Minn of n high i|i'f.'ri'i' of iiilelligenee, of strict 
 moral cliiinu'ler, and highly resperted wlu'rever 
 known. Jlis route was froiii (ioshiii to liloomiiig- 
 burgh, and tlirough tin; towns of VVavvayanda, Green- 
 ville, MiniHink, and Warwick, lie was," says Mr. 
 iJrake, "a comiiiiiiiii'aiit of Ihe I'rcsbytcrian (Jiuircli, 
 and lived an unsullied life by never being a (candidate 
 Cor ollico. Through the intercourse with the peojile 
 which his occupation gave him, he became oni; of the 
 most respected and iii/lui^ntial men In Ihe county. 
 Clergymen, politicians, lawyers, and iirofessional men 
 early learned to pay due respect to his opinioiiH. For 
 months together be would be the only iiuiii fnmi the 
 outsid(! world who was seen in ninny neighboriioods, 
 and his coming was an event that was greijted with 
 pleasure. All kinds of business was intrnsled to him, 
 — deeiU to be recorded, money to be collected, notes 
 to be paid, and store-goods to bo purchased. Wells, 
 wlien he inlrodiieed the exfiress business, had not far 
 to go for his idea, — it was but the (tontinnaiice of the 
 old post-rider system under iiiiolher name. When 
 Hector (Vaig gave the only elccloral vote from the 
 State of New York, in the Klecloral (Jollege of iKlil, 
 ho was sustained by Noah Carpcnler, and that was 
 enough." . I 
 
 I'erliaps Iherc were other post-riders ci|nally worthy 
 of notice; but our piirjiose is served by what has been 
 written. 
 
 ViOTOU M. Dl'.AKi; was born at Milfoni, I'a., .Mnnb 
 20, 1 81. 3. His father \\n-< ItiifiiM ./., a son of I'Vancis 
 Drake, of lilooming-Grovc, the Goshen Ilrakes being 
 among the oldest in the county ; and all his ancestors 
 
 1 by the name of Drake lived in Goshen or Chester 
 from the beginning of tlie seventeenth century. His 
 great-grandfather, .foseph Drake, Wiis supposed to bo 
 a lineal descf^ndant of Sir Francis Drake, of Kngland, 
 who died in that country in I7!H. His grandfather, 
 Francis Drake, had nine children by his three wives, 
 his father, Rnfii-' .). I)inke, being the only one in the 
 male line by the la^t will;, Rebecca Clark. IIi4 
 mother's name was Khoda I'i(;rson, who was a daugh- 
 ter of RaiJicI IJiill, whose mother was a DeWitt, anil 
 sister of Mary DeWitt, DcWitt Clinton's mother. 
 Thus Mr. Drake is descended from the earliest si'ttlers 
 of the county by four did'erent lines, — the Drakes, 
 Picrsons, Bulls, and DeWitts, — all of whom were dis- 
 tinguished for their devotion to the cause of the colo- 
 nies at the time of their separation from the Knglish 
 crown in 177<i. ilis grandfather, Francis Drake, was 
 taken prisoner when Fori Montgomery was captured 
 by the Ilritish in 1770. He served in Col. Drake's 
 regiment. Ca))t. Ooiiisiid Drake, of Goshen, was a 
 distinguished patriot and friend of Henry Wisner, 
 who championifd thi; Uevolntionary cause in Congress 
 in 1770, and the first congn^ssiiiaii that rc|)resented 
 Orange County. His father, Uufiis .1. Drake, served 
 two years in the army as a volunteer in the Kighty- 
 tirst Pennsylvania Regiment in the war of 1813. He 
 died jioor in 1828, leaving a widow and five children, 
 — two sons Jind three daughters. His mother, Rhoda 
 Piitrson Drake, dicii in 1801) ; niid iliiriiij^' the thirty- 
 eight years she remained his widow she uniformly de- 
 elinoil to apply to tlu; government for a pension. 
 Victor M. Drake's life has been spent mainly in 
 Orange Co., N. Y., and the adjacent county of Sussex, 
 N. .1. At the age of eleven years ho was placed in 
 a printing-ollice, where he received about the only 
 schooling that he ever obtained. He served eleven 
 years in the ollicc of the linlcjiinidunt RqmljUriin in 
 llic viirioiis capacities of apprentice, jouriicyinan, 
 editor, and proprii^tor. In IX-fO be removed to Sus- 
 sex Co., N. ./., settling in Newton, where he was con- 
 nected with the Nni) Jtrncii JfiTdlil until 1871 in the 
 capacities ol' n^jiorter, editor, mid proprietor. During 
 his (;arly connection with this paper it became an 
 induentird journal in llic polities oi' New .Jersey, and 
 had a direct infliiriiii' in procuring the nomination 
 and (dection of four Governors of the State, — vi/.., 
 Daniel Haines, of Sussex ; George F. l'"ort, of Goshen; 
 Rodman M. Price, of Hudson ; and Gen. .lool Parker, 
 of Moniiiiiuth. TbcHc men were all eledcd on the 
 
 (|ni'-<lioiis of a reform of the old State coiiHtitntion, 
 eipial taxation, free schools, and the election of county 
 
 odicers by the people, a power previously invested in 
 I he old Council of y\ ppoiiitmeiit, principally conlroUciI 
 up to this time by the lOiist and West .I<;rscy projirii;- 
 toi'M. Mr. I )rake originally drviscd the sy.stcMi of rail- 
 
190 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 way improvements that luive become a distinguish- 
 ing feature of Ijoth counties. When he began printing 
 in Sussex County he had to wagon his paper over the 
 Jersey mountains sixty miles. He also carried the 
 mails on five Star routes, covering five hundred miles 
 each week for the distribution of his newspaper. He 
 had previously done the same thing in Orange County. 
 Tlie farmers received their newspapers direct at their 
 houses instead of through the post-office, and for this 
 purpose he always kept three or four fleet horses. In 
 this way he increased the circulation of his newspaper 
 and distanced his competitors. In politics Mr. Drake 
 has always been a pronounced Democrat. In early 
 life he hurrahed for Gen. Andrew Jackson, and cast 
 his first vote for Martin Van Buren for President, and 
 each of his Democratic successors until the renorai- 
 iiation of James Buchanan. He supported Andrew 
 Johnson and defended Abraham Lincoln when the 
 rebels attempted to usurp the government. He has 
 lived an industrious life from a boy, having in turn 
 been a printer, editor, farmer, and gentleman at large. 
 Now, in the eighty-sixth year of his age, he has rarely 
 been sick during his life, never having used liquor, 
 tobacco, or other stimulants, and in ISSl he is able to 
 do an average day's work either in the printing-office 
 or on the farm. He erected the first brick buildings 
 
 built south of Goshen court-house, in 1841, and has 
 taken an active interest in all local improvements 
 wherever he has resided. 
 
 Charles Mead. — His paternal grandfather, Mat- 
 thew, was a colonel in the Continental army during 
 the Revolution, and was on very intimate terms with 
 Gens. Washington and Lafayette, as his private papers 
 indicated. 
 
 After the close of the war he refused an assignment 
 of land in the Connecticut Valley, the soldier's right, 
 and never received a pension. He resided at Wilton, 
 Fairfield Co., Conn., where he reared a family of sev- 
 eral sons and daughters, of whom Xenophon was 
 father of our suljject, and was born in the town of 
 Wilton, June 12, 1779. 
 
 He was a merchant in Newburgh, N. Y., for several 
 years, subsequently a farmer in Warwick, afterwards 
 resided for a time in Mobile, Ala., and finally removed 
 to Ohio, where he died Dec. 29, 1847. 
 
 His wife was Abigail, daughter of Moses Burr, who 
 was born June .'5, 1778, and died Aug. 22, 1857. 
 
 Mr. Mead's maternal grandfather, Moses Burr, re- 
 sided in Fairfield Co., Conn. ; was a relative of Aaron 
 Burr; was a soldier in the Continental army, and at 
 the burning of Norwalk. His wife was Mabel Banks, 
 whose family was noted for great longevity, one mem- 
 
-(^ 
 
THE PRESS OF ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 191 
 
 ber having reached the great age of one hundred and 
 two years, and several others to the very advanced 
 age of over ninety years. 
 
 The children of Xenophon Mead wore Louisa, born 
 June 20, 1802, widow of the late Nathaniel "Webb, of 
 Goshen ; Aaron Burr, born Dec. 2, 1803, removed to 
 Ohio, where he died ; Norman, born May 17, 1808, 
 for a time resided in Ohio, but died in Goshen, N. Y. ; 
 Edwin, born Dec. 17, 1812, of Santa Cruz, Cal. ; and 
 Charles. 
 
 Charles Mead, son of Xeuophnn, was born in New- 
 burgh, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1819, and educated under the 
 well-known teacher, the late Nathaniel Webb, of 
 Croshen. 
 
 At the age of fifteen he went to learn the trade of 
 a printer in Goshen, under William B. Wright, editor 
 of the Orange County Patriot, but who afterwards be- 
 came a judge of the Supreme Court of the State. 
 Here he remained until 1839, and for one year follow- 
 ing edited the Carbondale Journal, at Carbondale, Pa., 
 and in 1841-42 he worked on Graham's Magazine, in 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 He married, Jlay 9, 1842, Caroline A., the accom- 
 plished daughter of Daniel Warden, of Goshen. She 
 was born April 11, 1821, and died Nov. 11, 1880. 
 
 After his marriage he came to Goshen, purchased 
 the Goshen Democrat of the heirs of Frederick T. Par- 
 sons, who had recently died, which he has edited and 
 published since, a period of thirty-nine years. From 
 1843 uutil 1854 he did the printing for the Erie Rail- 
 way Company, and at the latter date started an office 
 for that company in New York. 
 
 During this time, for twelve years, the late Na- 
 thaniel Webb was associated with him in the manage- 
 ment of his paper, and since 1868 his eldest son has 
 been a partner in the concern, under the firm-name 
 of '• Charles Mead & Son." 
 
 Charles Mead, whose life and family origin have 
 been briefly sketched, it will be seen, has spent almost 
 his whole business career in Goshen. 
 
 The Goshen Democrat, of which he has been the 
 proprietor for nearly forty years, has long been recog- 
 nized as a model newspaper. Its conservative and 
 high moral tone has justly distinguished it from its 
 compeers. In the part of political strife an upright 
 and honorable course has always been maintained 
 towards its political opponents. Tolerant of the 
 opinions of others, it has never failed to assert its own 
 in a candid and unobtrusive manner. 
 
 Mr. Mead's object seems to have been to make his 
 journal a usefiil, truthful, and unexceptionable family 
 newspaper. From the liberal patronage always ac- 
 corded it, it would seem that the efforts of its pub- 
 lisher had been duly appreciated by the public. 
 
 We seldom meet with a journal of this class, and in 
 a county- where newspaper enterprise has more than 
 kept pace with the times, where its success is justly a 
 source of congratulation. That it has had its influence 
 in sustaining the higli moral tone of the community 
 
 in which it is printed is evident. Whilst it has out- 
 lived so many other journals conducted on different 
 principles, its ftiture career of usefulness promises to 
 be excelled by none. The life and usefulness of such 
 men are seldom estimated at their true worth, whilst 
 the scheming and meretricious too often claim and 
 obtain the applause of the world, which in reality is 
 due to others. 
 
 As a man and a citizen, Mr. Mead has always been 
 distinguished for his quiet and unostentatious man- 
 ners and high social position. His intercourse with 
 his friends and neighbors has always been agreeable 
 and pleasant. 
 
 His sons, Charles and William B. Mead, are both 
 young men of a high grade of talent, and promise 
 future usefulness. 
 
 THE PRES.S OF NEWBURGH. 
 The first paper published in Newburgh was the 
 Newhurgh Packet ; it was printed by Lucius Carey in 
 1795. Carey was the son-in-law of Rev. John Close, 
 Presbyterian minister at Newbuigh and New Wind- 
 sor until 1796. It is said that Carey sold the paper to 
 David Denniston in 1797, who changed its name to 
 TAe jl/rn-o/-, of which Philii) Van Home (1797) and 
 Joseph W. Barber (1798) appear as printers, the latter 
 saying in his advertisement, " also. Printing and Book 
 Binding carried on by David Denniston." In 1799, 
 Jacob Schultz removed to Newburgh the New Windsor 
 Gazette, the name of which he changed to Orange 
 County Gazette. This paper was purchased by David 
 Denniston and the name changed, it is said, to The 
 Citizen, a point on which there is some doubt, as, while 
 copies of all other Newburgh papers have been pre- 
 served, there is none of this, and as Denniston was, 
 about that time, connected with the American Citizen, 
 of New York, which he circulated from his office. 
 Whatever the facts may be cannot now be ascertained. 
 In 1799 the Sights of Man was established by Dr. Elias 
 Winfield, for whom it was printed by Benoni H. 
 Howell. This paper was also purchased by Dennis- 
 ton, and the Orange County Gazette probably incor- 
 porated with it. Winfield was a physician and drug- 
 gist, and made himself somewhat notorious, in 1803, 
 by his advocacy of the theory that the yellow fever 
 was of "domestic origin," and that it was "not a 
 contagious disease." He subsequently removed to 
 Kingston. The Recorder of the Times was commenced 
 by Dennis Coles, in 1803. The Mirror was absorbed 
 by the Rights of Man, in 1804 ; and the latter by the 
 Recorder of the Times, in 1805. Ward M. Gazlay, who 
 had been burned out of the Orange Eagle, at Goshen, 
 in 1805, purchased the Recorder in 1806, and changed 
 its name to the Political luile.r, under which it was 
 continued until 1829. 
 
 The Mirror and the Citizen were the advocates of 
 Paine's infidel teachings. The Gazette was anti-infidel. 
 The Rights of Man was more especially devoted to the 
 interests of that branch of the Republican party of 
 
192 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NKW VOIIK. 
 
 wliicli .Tonei'snii wns the ropriwriiliitivi'. Tlic llcmrdir 
 of ihf Tiiitrx clninuMl to l)c Ropiibliciin, Imt wiis fjen- 
 (Tiilly rcjinnliMl us rcprcsi'iitiiif; " llie Fodcriilists and 
 Hurritos." Mr. (iii/.liiy, wlio wii.s tlicii prinliiif; The 
 Pi-ienil iif Triilh, iit (roslu'ii, iiitrodiict'il it to his rciiflors 
 (Aujiust, 1S(i;{) ill this laiij^uiigc : "The ]irctciulo(l 
 Rcpiihlicaiis (if ( )riiiigo County, not siitisficd with the 
 liiijlilx I)/ Mini, pu))lislu'(l at N'l'wbinfili by Mr. Den- 
 nistoii, liave ostalilislinl a new paper callcil the lii- 
 riirilfr of tin- 7'iiii<:i." The I'lililiriil Iiidr.r apjiarontly 
 <'oiisi)li(bili'(l tlic iiilrrcsts of the Republican party. 
 It navo a licarly siippoil lo the a(hiiiiiistration of Jef- 
 ferson anil of MailisoH, and to tlie war of 1S12. Its 
 polilii al arl ielrs were mainly from the pen of Jona- 
 than Fi-lc, one of (he most able men of tlio period. 
 It.s only eomiietitor was the Oniiii/r Cinuifij Pntriiil 
 anil iSjiirif nf Si'Vi'iitij-^i.r, a paper of Federal or anti- 
 war politics, a new series of which was eonimenced at 
 Newburgh, in 1812, by Lewis & Crowell. It was sub- 
 sequently removed to Goshen, ft-oiii whence it came. 
 
 Tile I'lililiriil Indix was purchased, in 182!), by 
 Cliarles l'. ('ushiuan, who changed its name to the 
 Oraiiijr Tc/i-i/rnp/i , and subseiniently to the Xmvbiinjh 
 7'rlc!/riiph. It continued under the manngcmcnt of 
 Mr. Cushman until October, IHIii), when it passed into 
 the bunds of Henry II. Van Dyck, who, finding New- 
 burgh people uncongenial from his c(Uirse in the 
 Senate on the location of the Frie Railroa<l, iilaced 
 the paper, in the winter of 1840, in the liands of Flias 
 Pitts, who continued it until LSriO, when it was pur- 
 chased by E. M. Ruttenber. Mr. Ruttenber sold the 
 catabiishment to .Joseph Lawsoii, Oct. 1, 1857 ; repur- 
 chased it May 1, 18r.!l, and sold it in 1861 to E. W. 
 Gray, wiiosold to George M. Warren (1S(!4), who sold 
 to Isaac V. M(nitaiiye (l.S(i4), wdio sold to K. iM. Rut- 
 tenber (18(),')), who sold to A. A. Rensel (18G7), who 
 aold to J. .r. McNally (1869), wdio sold to Dr. Cooper 
 (1874), who .sold to N . II. Schram soon after. The latter 
 was succeeded by IC. J. Ilorton in 187r), and in 1876 
 it was again purchased by E. M. Ruttenber, who 
 changed its title to the Xnrl/iiri//i liri/l.itrr. The Irlf- 
 ijrnji/i, aUhoiig'h nemoeratic at all times, oj)|)osed the 
 Albany Regency, a fact which led to its purchase by 
 II. II. Van Dyck, or rather the |mrcliase for him. Mr. 
 Pitta, who had been sent to take Mr. Van Dyck's place, 
 very .soon fell into the line of tlnnight of his local 
 supporters, and not only opposed the Regency, but 
 upheld the " Free Soil" banner of 1S4S with marked 
 ability. In the subsc(pieiit eliaiiges and revolutions 
 in politics it has maintained the Democratic faith. 
 
 The publication of the Kiirbiinjli Gazelti- was com- 
 menced by .[ohii D.Spalding, .Tunc, 1822. Its sub- 
 sequent |inblisliers were as follows: Spalding i^ Par- 
 mcnter, from 1S2") to 18S2 ; Knevels & Spalding, 
 1832 to 18;i(>; Knevels it Leslie, 18,'!(i and 1837; Wal- 
 lace & Sweet, 1837 and 1838; Samuel T. Callahan, 
 1838 to 18r.2 : William L. Allison, 18,')2 to 18.')r) ; Royal 
 H. Hancock, Lsr).") to February, 1856, when Eugene 
 W. (Iray became the proprietor. In the summer of 
 
 1856, Mr. (iray comnienced in connection with it the 
 publication of the J)iii/i/ A'<»w, mainly designed for 
 political purposes, and continued it until Deeember. 
 He again resunie(l it in .lannary, and in February, 
 
 1857, united his establishment with the 'fr/i'i/rnp/i. 
 The (iiizi'ttv and the Tr/ri/rn/t/i wi're continued as 
 weeklies under the consolidation, ami the JS'rws as a 
 daily, until 1H64, when the (Inziiti- was dropped and 
 the title of the A'ora changed to the Dnihi Trlninijih. 
 After a temporary discontinuance during the winter 
 of 1864, the daily was resumed under the title of the 
 Dnily Union. In 18()6 tiie title of both the weekly 
 and daily was changed to the I'riin. TJie old title of 
 the 7h/i'i/riij>/i was resloriil in 1X09, but changed to 
 the Ri'ijixtrr ill 187(i, of whicli II. I'. Kiiiiber it Co. 
 are now the i)ublisliers. 
 
 In 1X33 or 1834, John D. Spalding commenced 
 the jiublieation of the Ncirhiiri//i Jniiniul, which he 
 continued until 1843, when he changed the name to 
 the Jlii/li/and (huriri: The ru/o/cc was continued by 
 Mr. Spalding until his death, Aug. 22, 1853, and 
 subsequently by his widow, IMrs. 10. L. Spalding, 
 who sold it, in 1855, to William K. Smiley. In Au- 
 gust, 1858, I'xiward Nixon became its projirietor. In 
 1859, Rufus A. Reed jnirchased the establishment and 
 changed the name of the [lapertothe Ifii/hlund Cliief- 
 fnin. Mr. Reed sold to Cyrus B. Martin, who re- 
 sumed the title of AV»7)»)v//i .louriiid, anil commenced, 
 in IHd,'!, tlie publication of the Diiilij .Imirnat. The 
 establishment is now conducted by Ritchie & Hull. 
 
 In addition to these papers. The Beacon, an anti- 
 Jackson campaign jiaper, was |iublished in 1828; the 
 late Judge William R. Wright was its editor. In 
 1834, Wallace it Sweet published [\n- Xntiomi/ Adrcf- 
 tlser, — subsequently merged in the (Inziile. Thomas 
 George commenced, in 1849, the luiblication of the 
 Neivburyh Excelsior. This paper was |)urcliased by 
 E. M. Ruttenber, in May, 1851, and merged in the 
 Telegraph. In 1855 the piiblicatiiui of the Neirhnrijh 
 Aiiirrlnui was commenced by R. P. L. Shal'er, and 
 contiiined three or four weeks. In March, 185(i. the 
 Newhiiriili Tillies, a tem|ieraiiee paper, was commeneed 
 by Royal I!, Ilaiieoek. as agent for an association of 
 gentlemen. 11 subseipienlly passed into the hands of 
 11. Bloomer it Son, who sold to Alexander Wilson. 
 Charles Blanehard ])urchased from Mr. Wilson, and 
 cinnmcneed llXtiTl the issue of the yeirlmri/h Jhiili/ 
 Democrat, but failed in a few months. The establish- 
 ment was then broken up. The J>iiili/ I'enny I'dx/ was 
 commenced by an association of printers in October, 
 1875; and the Dail;/ Mail by a similar association in 
 the spring of 1876. The former was discontinued in 
 June, 1876. and the latter merged in the Rei/ixtir in 
 1877. 
 
 There have also been several religious publications. 
 In 1824, the Rev. J. R. Wilson commenced the pub- 
 lication of a monthly magazine of forty-eight pages, 
 under the title of the EranijeUcnl Wi/iieni. It was 
 devoted to the exposition of the faith of the Reformed 
 
TIIIO IMIKSS OF OKAiNGK COUXTV. 
 
 10:i 
 
 Prc'sbytcriiin Cliurcli, and was continued four years. 
 It vviis succeeded by the C'hrinfiiiii StritcmiKtii, wliieh 
 lasted oidy one year. On tlie Jst of March, 18.'5(), by 
 the uppointnient of the Synod of that church, tlie 
 Rev. MoHcs Itoncy commenced the imblication of the 
 liijormed Prexbylcriaii, a monthly magazine of tliirty- 
 tvvo pages. Mr. Roncy removed this magazine to 
 Pittsburgli, Pa., in 184<». Here he published it until 
 his (leutli inl8.'J4; it was subsequently continued there 
 by Mrs. Roncy, and is now conducteil by the Rev. 
 Thomas .Sproul. In October, 18,"i!), the Rev. David 
 L. Proudfit commenced the ]aiblic:ition of the Family 
 Visitor, a monthly quarto, which he continued one 
 year. In 184.'3 he published the lirst number of the 
 C'/iriK/iiin iKKtrurliir, a monthly magazine of thirty- 
 two pages, which he continued for two years. It was 
 then sold to the Rev. J. U. Dales, who removed it to 
 Philadelphia. In 185<i the Catholic Library Associa- 
 tion commenced the publication of the Cdtholin Li- 
 briiri/ MiM/dziiic, John Ashhurst, editor, wliicli was 
 continued monthly until August, ISlJd. 
 
 Lilei'ary serials have been nuMjii'ous, but witliout 
 permanency. In May, 18.S2, John W. Kne\ els issued 
 the first number ola irjonthly quarto called Tablets of 
 Rural hUurnnnii/. It was only continued i'or a few 
 months. In 18.')5, R. B. Denton commenced the Lit- 
 ernrij Si-rap-Book, a monthly magazine of forty-eight 
 pages ; but it failed in a short time. Tin' Acorn, a 
 small monthly, was commenced by an association of 
 students of Mr. Domanski's seiiool, in 1857, and was 
 discontinued in 1859. The title was subsequently re- 
 sumed in a i)ublication by the students of the New- 
 burgh Institute, under the ausj)iees of Mr. Siglar. 
 In 1807, S. S. Wood commenced the publication of 
 the Jliiumkold Aitvordte, an eight-page monthly. 
 Having secured a large circulation, he changed the 
 form and the title to Household Magaziiic, the circula- 
 tion of which at one time reached sixty thousand. 
 The publication failed in 1874. Meanwhile Mr. ^V'ood, 
 who nttired from the old pul)lication in 1874, prior to 
 its failure, endeavored to introduce a larger nuigazine, 
 but witliout success. In ISU'J, A. A. Bensel started 
 the Home, Farm, and Orchard, an eight-page weekly, 
 and ran it until, the spring of 187G. The Musical 
 RiiJlttin, a, monthly quarto, was issued by D(!niorest & 
 liurr during the years 1872 and 187:'. 
 
 The list of jiublieations is substantially comijleted 
 with the titles of a series of what were known as 
 '" amateur newspapers," from 18G5 to 1873 : the Union 
 Jack, by Master A. Ludlow Case ; the American 
 EiKjlc, by Frank S. Hull ;* the Comet, by Henri Ge- 
 
 * 'VUo Amc.ricdn Etujh, riihlislioil every two wooltB at 2850 rami Street, 
 Nowlmrgli, by Frank S. Hull. Ago at time of flrst issue (.liiiie 24, I8«3), 
 twelve yearn. Pi iiitod on " preHB" of editor and pilbllsher'M ovMi con- 
 Htriietioli. The llrst twenty-two nunilioi'H were two coIuinnH, on one hUo 
 only of a wlii;et seven by eleven iiiclies. No. 2:1 appeared jn-inted on both 
 sides of tile slieet, thus inereasing it to four coiiinina. N4). :I4 wiis en- 
 larged to twieo tlie size, or four pages, eigitt coiunins, on a siieot eleven 
 by fourteen inelioa. No. .'il wiuj increased in si/e to twelve eoiuinns,— 
 tliroe on u page. Some interruption to the regular publieatiuii of tlie 
 
 rard (1871); the Index, by J. Walker F. Ruttenber 
 (1871); the Collector, by D. W. Jagger (1871); the 
 I'achel, by W. II. Wood and D. W. Corwin (1872); 
 the Ijnurcl, by A. Milligan (1872) ; and the Amateur 
 Herald, by T. R. Half (1872). The Index survived its 
 contemporaries, and closed its life in the hands of D. 
 W. Jagger. 
 
 Of the early printers, David Denniston stands the 
 most conspicuous. He was of the New Windsor Den- 
 niston stock, and a man of no little activity. He ap- 
 pears to have established first a printing-office and 
 bindery, and to have engaged in printing books, 
 which he sold by subscription, and whatever other 
 printing might come to hisiiands. It is believed that 
 the early pajiers with which his name is connected 
 were printed by him for other jiarties. He was a man 
 of strong character, and a radical in religion as well 
 as in politics. He became notorious through his 
 writings in the Mirror in opposition to Christianity, 
 and subsequently through the Riijli.ts of Man in jioliti- 
 cal literature. He was certainly a very busy man in 
 ))rinting newspajiers, having at different times held 
 the Mirror, the Citizen, and the lii(jhts of Man in the 
 local field, and for a time (1802) had editorial con- 
 nection with the American Citizen and Watch-Tower, of 
 New York. He died in Newburgh, Dec. 13, 1803, of 
 " malignant fever." 
 
 Jacob Kehultz was, for a brief period, the contem- 
 porary of David Denniston. He was born in New 
 Windsor, April 23, 1776, and married (Feb. 14, 1799) 
 Anna, daughter of John Denniston, of that town. His 
 first appearance in business was as the editor and 
 ])roiirietor of the Neiv Windsor Gazette. He subse- 
 (piently opened a dry-goods and grocery store in New- 
 burgh, in eonipany with Andrew DcWitt, ami was 
 engaged in this trade until 1814, when he purchased 
 from his brother, Isaac, the old mill of his father, but 
 afterwards sold it to Peter Townsend, came back to 
 Newburgh, and commenced business in company with 
 (leorge Hetts. He retired, in 1818, to a small farai in 
 the town of New Windsor, erected a substantial stone 
 house, and in the quiet independence of agricultural 
 
 paper waa occasioned by tlie change of residence of tlie editor. No. 21 
 
 was Issiieil at Millorton, N. Y., Ma.v 12, 1800; No. :in, from CVtleton 
 (now called West New Brighton), Staten Island, where it was changed 
 to a iiiontlily, and whore the last number of the American Emjln, No, .'i7, 
 was published in October, 1808. In January, 1808, the motto, " Alls Vo- 
 lat Propriia" ("She Hies with lier own wings") was placed at the head. 
 Tlio paper ceased to exist not from lack of support, but to allow its editor 
 to pursue his studies, which were necessarily neglected because of the 
 duties involved as a publisher. As tiie paper became older, new and im- 
 proved tools wore added to the oiUcc, and Job printing was no sniali fea- 
 ture of the business connected witli the American Eagle. The hujt two 
 issues appeared with several illustrations from wood-cuts engraved by 
 the publislier. The price of subscription at the start waa oiiu dollar and 
 twenty cents a year, and was at a later date reduced to fifty cents a year. 
 The .'imeric<in E<ttjle was among the first of the several amateur papers 
 published in Newhurgli, and we think the second one, the first being tlie 
 I'liioit J'ti-k, published by Maxtor A. Lmllow Case, son of l{ear-.\dniiral 
 Case, of the t'niteil States navy. Young Case continued tile publication 
 of tlie L'uit'H Jitfk but a short time, when he devoted his time lo stiiily, 
 and a few years afterwards engaged in the service of the United Stutos 
 navy, where he now is. 
 
194 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 pursuits spent the remainder of his life. He died in 
 1859. 
 
 Ward M. Gazlay was a native of Pennsylvania, 
 and, as stated in another connection, was first engaged 
 in printing at Goshen. He died in April, 183li, and 
 received the following notice in the Ttlcgrnph : 
 
 " Dieil, in this village, on "Wt-dnesday last, aged alKtnt tifty-fuiir yeai-?, 
 "Ward M. Gazlay, Esij., for luaiiy years a magistrate uf Newlmr^h, and 
 editor and proprietnr of the Political Iinhx from ahont the year 1800 to 
 18^9, at which latter period the present proprietor of the Newbttrijft Tele- 
 graph purchased his estahlislmieut and changed tlie political cliaracter [ 
 of the paper. To some pecnliarities, and a few faults, Mr. Gazlay united I 
 many excellent qualities hotli of head and heart. His early career as a I 
 magistrate was marked hy stiict prohity and a sound, disciiminating ! 
 judgment, united to a fixedness ot 4iurpose and an impartiality in his | 
 decisions which saw no difterence between the rich and the poor, the 
 peasant and the king. A wide circle of friends deeply sympathize with 
 the family." 
 
 Mr. Gazlay's wife was Bridget, daughter of Jona- 
 than and Bridget Carter, by whom he had three 
 sons. 
 
 Charles U. Cushman was a descendant of Robert 
 Cushman, one of the original company of Pilgrims 
 who sailed for the New World, Aug. 5, 1620, O. S. 
 He was born in Washington Co., X. Y., March 20, 
 1802 ; served as an apprentice in Rutland, Vt., and 
 subsequently in Boston, Mass. ; purchased the Polifical 
 Index in March, 1829, and retired from printing in 
 1839. He was a man of strong natural abilities, in- 
 dustry, perseverance, independence of mind, and 
 strict integrity. As a writer, his style was vigorous 
 and compact. He used but few words, and in ex- 
 pressing his thoughts his language was plain and un- 
 mistakable. As a private citizen, he was active in 
 advancing the interests of the community in which 
 he lived. He was one of the founders of the Xew- 
 burgh public libraries, and also helped to establish the 
 Quassaick Bank and the Xewburgh Savings-Bank. At 
 the election in 1S53 he was chosen to represent the 
 first Assembly District of Orange in the Legislature. 
 In all his public and private walks he aimed to ac- 
 complish practical results, and exhibited the traits of 
 a good citizen and an honest man. In person he was 
 nearly six feet, clear complexion, blue eyes, rather 
 fleshy, and well formed. He always dressed with ex- 
 treme neatness, and walked with an erect carriage and 
 firm tread. He married, June, 1832, Mary, fourth 
 daughter of Capt. Charles Birdsall, and granddaughter 
 of Isaac Belknap. He died without issue at Rhine- 
 beck, N. Y., June 1, 1859. 
 
 John D. Spalding was the contemporary of Mr. 
 Cushman, and was connected with the Xewburgh 
 press for about thirty-eight years. He was born in 
 Salem, Mass., January, 1800, and removed to New- 
 burgh in 1815, in company with his father, Rev. 
 Joshua Spalding, a noted member of the Presbyterian 
 Church. He served his apprenticeship with Ward 
 M. Gazlay, and was subsequently connected with the 
 Gazette and the Journal, as above stated. He pos- 
 sessed a sound judgment ; was urbane and kind in his 
 disposition, and liberal in his charities. By these 
 
 qualities he secured friends and retained them 
 through many years. In person he was over .six feet 
 in height, light in frame and in flesh, and ungainly 
 in his carriage. He married Elizabeth L., daughter 
 of Rev. John Johnston, D.D., of Newburgh, and had 
 several children. He died on the 22d of August, 
 1853, in the fifty-fourth year of his age, after an ill- 
 ness of about two days. 
 
 Elias Pitts, practically the successor of Mr. Cush- 
 man, was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., in the year 
 1810, aud received a liberal education at the Kinder- 
 hook Academy. He served an apprenticeship of a 
 few years in the office of the Kinderhook Sentinel, and 
 at its termination became associated in the editorial 
 management of that paper. Subsequently he removed 
 to Rochester, and was connected with the editorial 
 department of the Advertiser of that city, a paper pub- 
 lished by Henry O'Rielly. At the retirement of Mr. 
 Van Dyck from the Xewburgh Telegrapli, in the win- 
 ter of 1840, Mr. Pitts assumed the management of 
 that paper, which he continued until 1850. From 
 Newburgh he removed to Poughkeepsie, and there 
 became the editor of the Poughk-eepxie Ameriraii. His 
 connection with the public press terminated in the 
 autumn of 1853; and he soon after received an ap- 
 pointment to a clerkship in the State Department at 
 Washington, the duties of which he continued to dis- 
 charge up to the time of his last illness. He was 
 twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of John Jamison, of Newburgh, by whom he had 
 two children, — Mary E. and John M. His second wife 
 was Margaret, daughter of John Whited. He died at 
 Washington, Friday, July 21, 1854, from an attack of 
 typhoid fever, at the age of forty-four years. 
 
 Edward M. Ruttenber was born in Bennington, Yt., 
 July 17, 1824, and at that place received a common- 
 school education. In 1837 he entered the office of 
 the Vermont Gazette as an apprentice to the printer's 
 trade. A year later, in 1838, he came to Newburgh 
 and became an apprentice to Cha;rles U. Cushman, an 
 old friend of his father, and then projirietor of the 
 Xewburgh Telegraph. He remained in thiit office 
 three years, when Mr. Cushman sold the pai)er and 
 transferred young Ruttenber's indentures to S. T. 
 Callahan, proprietor of the Newburgh Gazette. In 
 that office he labored until 1845, when he was made 
 foreman of the Xewburgh Telegraph, then owned by 
 Elias Pitts. That position he filled until May, 1850. 
 Mr. Ruttenber at that time purchased the Telrgrajih, 
 and successfully conducted it until 1857. When he 
 purchased the office it had only a weekly issue and 
 was printed on a hand-press. The first steam-power 
 press brought to the county was added to the Telegraph 
 office by him in 1853. In 1851 the Telegraph absorbed 
 the Xewburgh E.ecelsior, and the Xewburgh Gazette 
 was consolidated with it in 1857. Early in that year 
 the Daily Xews was issued by Mr. Rutteuber and E. 
 W. Gray, from the office of the Telegraph. Later in 
 the same year he sold the office, repurchasing it in 
 
//:' ^%^^s;i^^" 
 
THE PRESS OF ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 195 
 
 1859. In 1861 he sold it to Mr. E. W. Gray, and in 
 1866 he again became its owner. In 1867 lie sold it 
 to A. A. Bensel. In the spring of 1869 he reorganized 
 the office in connection with Mr. J. J. McNally, re- 
 tiring from it in the fall of that year. He then be- 
 came part owner of the Independent Republican, of 
 Goshen, which he sold in 1870 to Mr. H. P. Kimber. 
 Soon after leaving that paper he started a job oflice in 
 Newburgh with his eldest son as partner, who has 
 since been succeeded by a younger son. From July, 
 1863, to January, 1865, when he resigned, Mr. Rutten- 
 ber was engaged in the Bureau of Military Records, 
 at Albany. Mr. Ruttenber, always deeply interested 
 in local history, published in 1859 a "History of 
 Xewburgh." His ne.xt was a work entitled " Obstruc- 
 tions to Navigation of Hudson's River," published by 
 Munsel, of Albany. Following this was a "History 
 of the Flags of the Volunteer Regiments of the State 
 of New York." Next, a "History of the Indian Tribes 
 of Hudson's River," also published by Munsel, of 
 Albany. In 1875 he began the publication, in serial 
 form, of a " History of Orange County," a work which 
 is still unfinished. For twelve years Mr. Ruttenber 
 was an active member of the Board of Education 
 of Newburgh, ending that service in 1870. He was 
 married in 1846 to Matilda A., daughter of Mark Mc- 
 Intyre, of Newburgh. He has two sons, — the eldest, 
 Charles B., has made music his profession, and is at 
 present organist of the Church of the Holy Trinity, 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street and Fifth Av- 
 enue, New York ; the younger son, Walker F., is a 
 partner with his father in the printing business. 
 
 THE PEESS OF MIDDLETOWN. 
 
 A weekly newspaper. Democratic in politics, under 
 the title of the Middletown Courier, was started in 
 Jliddletown in 1840, by A. A. Bensel, who continued 
 its jiublication until April, 1846, when he removed his 
 office to Kingston, N. Y., where he established the 
 UJsfer Democrat. In July, 1846, John S. Brown com- 
 menced the publication of the Orange County JVcics, 
 succeeding Mr. Bensel in the printing l)usiness in the 
 village. His paper was neutral in politics, was hardly 
 worth the name of a newspaper, and died in 1849. 
 His type and materials were purchased by G. J. Beebe. 
 
 The Signs of the Times, an Old-School Baptist pub- 
 lication of eight pages, was commenced at New Ver- 
 non, in Mount Hope, in 1832, by Elder Gilbert Beebe. 
 From there it was taken to Alexandria, Va., again re- 
 turned to New Vernon, and in 1847 was removed to 
 Middletown. The only paper of that denomination 
 in the country, it has maintained a circulation from 
 six thousand to ten thousand semi-monthly. 
 
 The Banner of Libertij was commenced at Middle- 
 town in August, 1848, by Gilbert J. Beebe, as an in- 
 dependent monthly, opposed to pretty much every 
 modernly styled reform, — temperance laws, religion 
 in politics, etc. In 18.56 it took position in favor of 
 the Democratic party, and was issued weekly. A 
 
 Campaign Banner was added to it in 1856, and the 
 two journals reached a circulation of twenty-seven 
 thousand. Its circulation was principally in the 
 South and West, and after the Rebellion broke out 
 was almost wholly lost and the paper was discontinued. 
 
 The Hardware- Man's Newspaper, printed monthly 
 at the Press office, for John Williams, was commenced 
 in August, 1855. The Separate American, — Rev. David 
 James, editor, — a small folio, was printed quarterly 
 for the colored people belonging to the Sejiarate 
 American Methodist Church. It ran from 1853 to 
 1856. The Sibyl, a semi-monthly, by Dr. Lydia Sayer 
 Hasbrouck (Mrs. John W. Hasbrouck), was com- 
 menced July, 1856, — noiv discontinued. 
 
 The Middletown Advertiser, a inonthly advertising 
 sheet for gratuitous circulation, was commenced by 
 G. J. Beebe in 1850, and ended in 1852. 
 
 The Middletown Mercurij was established, in 1848, by 
 G. J. Beebe. In 1860 it was sold by Mr. Beebe to J. 
 H. Norton and I. F. Guiwits. Mr. Guiwits remained 
 in the firm one year, and Mr. Norton continued as 
 sole proprietor until 1X67, when he sold an interest to 
 I. V. Montanye. In 1868, Mr. Montanye became sole 
 proprietor, and sold out to S. M. Boyd in 1869. In 
 1873 the Middletown Mail, established by Dr. J. D. 
 Friend, was consolidated with the Mercurg, and Geo. 
 H. Thompson and J. D. Friend became the proprie- 
 tors, the latter retiring in 1874. Mr. Thompson re- 
 mained the proprietor until Jan. 1, 1878, when the 
 Weekly Argus, established by I. V. Montanye in 1875, 
 and sold to C. Macardell in 1876, was merged with 
 the Mercury, and George H. Thompson and C. Mac- 
 ardell became the proprietors, and have continued up 
 to the present time. The Daily Argus was founded 
 by Mr. Macardell, Jan. 27, 1876, and has been pub- 
 lished in connection with the Mercury by Thompson 
 & Macardell since Jan. 1, 1878. 
 
 The Whig Press was established Nov. 26, 1851, by 
 John W. Hasbrouck. It was a Whig and Republican 
 paper up to 1856, when it assumed an independent 
 position. In March, 1868, Mr. Hasbrouck sold to 
 Moses D. Stivers, who changed the name of the paper 
 to the Orange County Press. Albert Kessinger bought 
 one-half of the establishment in 1870, and died, while 
 a member of the firm of Stiver & Kessinger, in August, 
 1872. Soon after his partnership was formed with 
 Mr. Stivers, the firm issued (May 24, 1870) a tri- 
 weekly edition, under the name of the Middletoivn 
 Evening Press. In October, 1872, Mr. Stivers sold the 
 newspaper to F. Stanhope Hill, who in turn sold an 
 interest to John W. Slauson. Hill & Slauson changed 
 the tri-weekly to a daily (Oct. 26, 1872), under the 
 name of the Middletown Daily Press. .Inly 1, 1873, 
 Mr. Stivers bought out Mr. Hill, and the firm became 
 Stivers & Slauson, who continued the business until 
 December, 1880, when Mr. Stivers sold his interest to 
 Mr. Slauson, and the latter formed a partnership with 
 Charles J. Boyd, under the firm-name of Slauson & 
 Boyd, who are now the publishers. 
 
196 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Dr. Lydia Sayer IIasbeouck, wife of .Tolin W. 
 Hasbrouck, was born Dec. 20, 1827, in the town of 
 Warwick, Orange Co., N. Y., at the old stone resi- 
 dsnce of her father, bctwi'cn that village and Bell vale. 
 She is the daughter of Benjamin Saver and Rebecca 
 Forshee. (See sketch ()f Benjamin Sayer for her pa- 
 ternal ancestry.) Her mother was the daughter of 
 Cornelius Forshee and Elizabeth Cole. A history of 
 the Cole family (compiled by Rev. David Cole, D.D., 
 of Yonkers) states that the Cole ancestors first came 
 to America from Holland about the year 1625. The 
 Forshee record is not so definite, though from the 
 same source we learn that the family came to this 
 country not far from 1700. They fled from religious 
 persecution in France, where they left valuable es- 
 tates. The first ancestor lived to be one hundred and 
 ten years old. 
 
 Lydia Sayer was noted from childhood for her fear- 
 less spirit and independence of character. She in- 
 herited her father's temperament and features in a 
 marked degree, as he had inherited like characteristics 
 from his mother. 
 
 Lydia always enjoyed her father's favor and con- 
 fidence in an especial manner, and he frequently re- 
 marked that he had no fears but she could take care 
 of herself. 
 
 Reared amidst the charming scenery for which the 
 " fair vale of Warwick" has so long been noted, Lydia 
 enjoyed to the fullest extent all the varied beauties by 
 which she was daily surrounded. None loved the 
 freedom of the mountains, streams, and fields more 
 than she ; and in riding or driving spirited horses, or 
 in active pursuits of any kind, none could do so with 
 keener zest or enjoyiuent. She had the reputation of 
 being the smartest scholar of her classes, — but terribly 
 independent and self-reliant, — and was given the best 
 opportunities the district and high schools of War- 
 wick at this time afforded. 
 
 As she grew to womanhood her father's house was 
 a great resort for friends and visitors. Miss Lydia 
 was file life and centre of these gatherings, and a fav- 
 orite witli all, both young and old. She made golden 
 Orange County butter and snow-white loaves of bread. 
 She spun flax and wool for family use and to enrich 
 her own dower, while the pile of bedquilts she pieced 
 and quilted would make a fashionable young lady of 
 the present day faint with sheer exhaustion to con- 
 template. In fine, she prided herself in knowing how- 
 to do everything in connection with the work of a 
 well-regulated, hospitable house. 
 
 When a reform dress for women was first brought 
 into notice in 1849, under the name of Camille cos- 
 tume, Turkish dress, etc., she early espoused and 
 adopted it. Jlrs. Bloomer, who was editing the Libj 
 at Seneca Falls, wore and recommended the dress, 
 and forthwith it was styled " Bloomer Dress," notwith- 
 standing Mrs. Bloomer always protested she neither 
 originated or was the first to wear it. This dress, 
 worn simjjly as a physiological costume, has sub- 
 
 jected its wearers to murh ]ier>onal slight and social 
 ostracism, and' all because of its nut conforming to 
 prescribed fashions that are constantly changing. In 
 this connectiim it is worthy of mention, that when first 
 adopted it was thought the wearing of it would be- 
 come more general, as for a time the Philadeli>hia 
 magazines ])laced it among their monthly fashion 
 plates. 
 
 Mrs. Hasbrouck desires the fact put on record that 
 she was once refused admission to the Seward Semi- 
 nary, at Florida, simply because she wore the dress. 
 A faculty meeting was called solely to take the cut of 
 her dress into consideration. The trustees, knowing 
 her and her family, expressed the highest esteem for 
 her varied gifts and graces, and the pleasure they 
 would feel in having her an inmate of the school if 
 she would only dress in harmony witli fashion. She 
 says,— 
 
 "Up to this time I loved tlis pliyeiciil freedom of my dress. Iliad 
 thouglit but little of woman's political frefldom or lier ui'eqnal rights 
 before the law. I liad never suffered from them, and enjoyed too many 
 other privileges to feel their lack. The chances are, if I had not been 
 persecuted I woufd have retnrued to fashion's requirements. But my 
 every sense of rightand justice was outraged. I knew I was doing that 
 which should have met witli approval, because it was to better the phys- 
 ical woman, then weighed down with bustles and heavy uinierskirls. .\8 
 I went out from the interview with that committee, I was kindly shown 
 by the lady principal into her private room. I fairly bathed my soul in 
 an agony of tears and silent prayers for a knowledge of the right and 
 j guidance therein. Remember, I was then young, and had often heard 
 I it was not dress that made the man ; but wa-* now bitterly learning that 
 ' it was theplincipal part of the woman. This treatment anchored me 
 into the ranks of women's rights advocates, and as I left that bouse I 
 registered a vow that I would stand or fall in the battle tor woman's 
 physical, political, and educational freedom and equality. I felt that if 
 there ever had been a princi|>le that justified men and women going to 
 the stake and faggot rather than renounce it, that principle was now 
 mine to defend ; and come what might, I would stand true to its re- 
 quirements." 
 
 Few know what that vow has cost her unswerving 
 yet sensitive spirit; but what many do know is, that 
 she has never faltered, never yielded in what she be- 
 lieved was her duty and right. 
 
 The reform dress was adopted by many for its 
 physical freedom, and especially by lady physicians 
 and invalids at hygienic institutes as an aid to health 
 and comfort. The question of woman's rights was 
 then in its infancy, and meeting all sorts of ridicule 
 from pulpit and legislatures. Several of the promi- 
 nent women in the cause adopted the dress; but when 
 the cry of "strong-minded," " masculine," and other 
 like epithets were hurled at the wearers whenever 
 they appeared in public, most of them succumbed to 
 the mob spirit. Miss Sayer refused to yield her right 
 to dress in a sensible manner, and said if woman's 
 purity and character hung on the last few inches of 
 her swabbing skirts, she wanted none of it, but would 
 win a character for herself above the filth of the 
 streets. She was more or less persecuted and de- 
 famed, but knowing her motives were just ami juire 
 she moved steadily forward. 
 
 At this stage of her life. Miss Sayer determined to 
 fit herself for some more extended sphere of action. 
 

 k 
 
> N.d/hjLOry^yx^cJfl^ 
 
 John Whitbeck Hasbrouck was born in Wood- 
 stock, Ulster Co., N. Y., Nov. 20, 1821. He was the 
 ninth of a family of ten children born to Richard M. 
 Hasbrouck and Mary Johnson. His grandfather, 
 Capt. Elias Hasbrouck, was in active service during 
 the war of the Revolution, and, under Gen. Blont- 
 gomery, took part in the northern campaign that 
 ended in the storming of Quebec and death of Mont- 
 gomery. He named his son, born the following year, 
 Richard Montgomery. A deed for fifty acres of land 
 in Northern Ulster, together with a gold ring which 
 she placed upon his finger, were given by Janet Mont- 
 gomery to the young namesake of her hero husband. 
 The deed and ring are still in the possession of his 
 descendants. Capt. Elias Hasbrouck lost heavily by 
 the destruction of his store and property when King- 
 ston was burned by the British. 
 
 The father of the subject of this sketch, Richard 
 M. Hasbrouck, lived to the age of eighty-four years, 
 and always bore a name proverbial for integrity and 
 uprightness of character. His motlier, Mary John- 
 son, was nearly related to the Vanderbilt family, and 
 was a woman of pious and exemplary character. 
 
 John W. Hasbrouck is a descendant in the sixth 
 generation from Abraham Hasbrouck, who, with his 
 brother Jean, Walloons from the northern part of 
 Prance, fled from their native country not long before 
 the revocation of the edict of Nantes. Jean, or 
 
 John, went with many other Protestants to Manheim, 
 in the Palatinate, before he came to America. Abra- 
 ham, in 1675, came direct to this country, passing 
 through Calais to England and then to Boston, en route 
 for Esopus (Kingston), where several French Protest- 
 ants had already arrived. Two years later Abraham 
 and Jean, together with eleven other Frenchmen 
 living at Kingston, took up the Paltz Patent, and 
 established the settlement there. Abraham became 
 conspicuous both in the civil and ecclesiastical affairs 
 of that early period. His family continued their resi- 
 dence there until about the middle of the next cen- 
 tury, when they removed to Kingston. His descend- 
 ants are wonderfully numerous throughout Ulster 
 County, and among them many who were and still 
 are distinguished both in the walks of public and 
 private life. The name has been written variously 
 Hasbrouck, Hasbroucq, Hasbrouque, Asbrouck, and 
 Von Asbroeck. In the fourteenth century Charles V. 
 granted a patent of nobility to the family. Its cotte 
 cFarmes, or coat of arms, is represented by an embla- 
 zoned shield, surmounted by a male figure, holding in 
 one hand an arrow and in the other a torch, while on 
 a scroll beneath the shield is the legend, " Dieu sauve 
 Von Asbroeck." Mr. Hasbrouck has a representation 
 of this insignia now in his possession. A steel rapier, 
 bearing date 1414, that was brought by the family 
 from France, still belongs to one of its descendants. 
 
BIOGRAPHY OF JOHN WHITBECK HASBROUCK. 
 
 John W. Hasbrouck, the subject of this sketch, 
 removed witli his father's family from Woodstock to 
 Kingston about the year 183-1, and completed his 
 school days at the celebrated Kingston Academy. 
 During the four years following he became a clerk in 
 stores in that village, when he entered the Ulster 
 County Bank as clerk and book-keeper, continuing in 
 this occupation for the nest three years. After a summer 
 spent in New York, in a wholesale crockery house as 
 book-keeper, he came back to Kingston in the fall of 
 1845, and entered upon his future career in the pro- 
 fession of journalism. Previous to this, however, he 
 had been a frequent contributor to the several papers 
 of the village, writing essays, sketches, and discussing 
 political questions during the exciting political con- 
 tests of 1840 and 1844. 
 
 Accepting a position on the Kiiiijston Journal, 
 during the winter of 1845 he found time, witli liis 
 other duties, to compile a history of the press of 
 Ulster County up to that period, which was published 
 in the journal on which lie was then engaged. About 
 this time, also, he took great interest in the Kingston 
 Lyceum aud Literary Association, both of which lie 
 was instrumental in forming. In the debates, lectures, 
 and other exercises he took a prominent part ; and 
 ■while secretary of the latter he had the honor to 
 invite Horace Greeley to lecture before its members, 
 which was the first eflbrt of the kind of that noted 
 journalist and lecturer. His theme was " Human 
 Life." 
 
 In the spring of 1846, Mr. Hasbrouck purchased 
 the Sullivan Whig establishment at Bloomingburgh, 
 in that county. He here commenced to learn the 
 practical part of the "art preservative," and, without 
 any previous knowledge of the printer's trade, set up 
 in type two columns of the first paper he issued. 
 The county bad long been Democratic, but thereafter 
 elected the Whig county ticket for several years. 
 While a resident of Sullivan he was chosen town 
 superintendent of schools for Mamakating, and was 
 also appointed postmaster at Bloomingburgh, under 
 Polk's administration, which office he held acceptably 
 to the community until his removal from the county. 
 In 1848 he attended the Philadelphia Whig National 
 Convention at which Gen. Taylor was nominated, but 
 warmly espoused the claims of Henry Clay. The 
 same year he represented the Whigs of Sullivan in 
 their State Convention held at Syracuse, and in 1850 
 he was nominated by the Whig party of Sullivan as 
 their candidate for member of Assembly, failing of an 
 election, with the rest of his ticket, by only one hun- 
 dred and twenty-eight in a poll of three thousand five 
 hundred and fifty-six. 
 
 About this time two opportunities occurred to in- 
 duce him to change his location. One was to take 
 charge of a weekly journal at Corning, on the Erie 
 road, at the solicitation of Hon. A. B. Dickinson, and 
 the other to establish and edit a daily administration 
 paper in the city of Milwaukee, Wis. Stopping over 
 at Corning long enough to look over the ground, and 
 not thinking favorably of the opening, he pursued his 
 way westward to the Badger State. This project, 
 also, not being acceptable to him, he returned East to 
 
 accept from the late Com. Vanderbilt the position of 
 agent at San Juan (Nicaragua) for his line of Cali- 
 fornia steamers; but sickness just at this time com- 
 pelled him to forego his purpose. 
 
 In the fall of 1851, being strongly urged to come 
 to Middletown and start a newspaper to meet the local 
 and business wants of the village, he determined to do 
 so. The village then contained a population of only 
 fifteen hundred. The first number of the Whig Press 
 ■ — the name chosen for his new venture — was issued 
 Nov. 2G, 1851. The Press was published weekly, and 
 soon secured, by its satisfactory management, a remu- 
 nerative support and circulation, and, by his assiduous 
 efforts, its proprietor built up a business second to few 
 other country ofiices in the State. He was the first 
 in this section to introduce the practice of giving a 
 full and accurate conipend of local intelligence from 
 all parts of the county, always being careful, however, 
 to exercise a discriminating judgment as to its public 
 importance. 
 
 In 1854, being recommended to ex-Governor Hunt 
 as a suitable person to conduct a daily journal at 
 Lockport, in this State, he visited that gentleman at 
 his home in Niagara County, the better to determine 
 the matter, but concluded not to accept of the position, 
 notwithstanding liberal offers were made him to do so. 
 
 In addition to publishing the J'ress, ho also issued 
 from its office, for the editors or proprietors, several 
 other publications at different periods. Among these 
 were the Ilardicarernan's A^ezvsjniper, in 1855, pub- 
 lished monthly for some three years. Its name was 
 afterwards changed to the Iron Age, and is still pub- 
 lished in New York by a son of its former proprietor, 
 he having learned the printer's trade under Mr. Has- 
 brouck. In 1856 he also published The Sihyl, a 
 semi-monthly quarto, edited by Mrs. Hasbrouck, 
 which was continued for eight years. 
 
 July 27, 1856, he was married to Miss Dr. Lydia 
 Sayer, a lady of varied attainments and culture. 
 Their married life, though not uneventful, has glided 
 along harmoniously, and during the present year has 
 reached its silvered stage in the onward march of time. 
 (See sketch of Dr. Lydia Sayer Hasbrouck. ) 
 
 In 1866 he changed the name of bis paper to The 
 Orange County Press, the name which it still bears; 
 but feeling the need of rest he sold, in 1868, the 
 establishment to Mr. M. D. Stivers, and during the 
 following thirteen years kept out of newspaper work 
 altogether ; but during the present year has again 
 resumed business by publishing, in connection with 
 Mrs. Hasbrouck, a reform paper called the Liberal 
 Sentinel. It is done to meet an unsupplied local want 
 in the progressive thought of the age. 
 
 Of Mr. Hasbrouck it can be truly said, that during 
 his entire newspaper life his practice has ever been to 
 do as well as he was capable of doing whatever he 
 undertook ; requiring, also, the same care and efl'ort 
 from those who served under him. He has the satis- 
 fiiction of knowing, therefore (and points with no 
 little pride to the fact), that among his former ap- 
 prentices many have become successful printers and 
 publishers, while several at the present time occupy 
 responsible positions in the editorial ranks. 
 
THE PRESS OF ORANGE COUiNTY. 
 
 197 
 
 and spent several years in study at the Elmira High 
 School and Central College, finally graduating at the 
 Hygeia Therapeutic College in New York City. Dur- 
 ing vacations she also lectured and wrote considerably 
 Inr the newspapers, striving in every way to fit herself 
 for puldic work. 
 
 In Septemlier, 18.53, Miss Sayer was a delegate to 
 tlie Whole World's Temperance Convention, held in 
 .Aletropolitan Hall, New York City. The Tribune 
 thus sunimeil up the work of that convention : 
 
 " First Juy. — I'ruw'diiitr n WdiiiHii off tlie phttfuini (Rev. Antoinette L. 
 Bruwu). Second d»y. — Gagging lier. Third day. — Voting timt she shall 
 stiiy giigged. In fact, so determined were men at this time that women 
 slionld not speak from public platforms, they acted lilie rowdies. Even 
 Kfv. .lohn Clinmbei^, of Philadelpiiia, stamped his fegt, thumped hia 
 tane, and ptdnted his finger, Buying, *Shanie on the woman !'" 
 
 The first year of Miss Sayer's practice was in Wash- 
 ington, D. C, where she was well received by both 
 press and people, lecturing by invitation in Washing- 
 ton, Annapolis, Georgetown, Baltimore, Philadelphia, 
 etc., writing for papers, as. well as familiarizing her- 
 .self with our national legislation. She speaks of this 
 period of her life as most profitable and enjoyable. 
 
 While lecturing she received many flattering news- 
 paper notices, and an invitation to make a lecturing 
 tour of the States. The etlitors of the principal dailies 
 in Washington invited her to use their columns to in- 
 troduce or defend any principle she desired, — Major 
 P.eu Perley Foore, then local editor of the Star, bring- 
 ing her the message from that paper. Both her writ- 
 ings and discussions were well received, and made so 
 much of a sen.sation that the newsboys cried their 
 papers through the streets as containing her articles. 
 She enjoyed the personal friendship of Prof. Henry, 
 of the Smithsonian Institution, Mr. Giddings, then 
 the father of the House, and many other noted and 
 liberal men and women. The president of the Allo- 
 jiathic College recognized her as a physician by in- 
 viting her to attend any of the college lectures and 
 clinics she chose, while a retired physician brought 
 her many patients, and offered to start a large health 
 institute if she would take charge of it. She says be- 
 fore going to Washington she was warned that her 
 dress would damage her prospects, but she found it 
 introduced her to all kinds of pleasant people and to 
 personal attention in the best society, and regrets ever 
 leaving a city so full of pleasant memories and a.sso- 
 ciations. 
 
 In 1856, at the earnestsolicitationof the then editor 
 of the Press, at Middletown, she came North on a lec- 
 turing tour, and on her arrival at tliat village lectured 
 most acceptably in Gothic Hall to the largest audi- 
 ence ever assembled there. She also spoke at several 
 neighboring places. Her return to Orange County, 
 as stated, was to end in assuming the editorial duties 
 of a semi-tnonthly reform paper called Thr. Silnjl, and 
 to join her life-work with John W. Hasbrouck. They 
 were married July 27, 1856, and have had three chil- 
 dren, — Daisy, Sayer, and Burt, the last two yet living. 
 
 Mrs. Hasbrouck edited The Sibyl for eight years, at 
 
 the same time ])racticing her ]U'ofe.ssion and attending 
 patients both at her home on Sibyl Kidge ' and outside. 
 But at length finding the quadruple duties of editor, 
 physician, mother, and housekeeper too arduous, she 
 was forced to rest. After this, until 1868, she assisted 
 on and wrote for the Press until it changed Ownership. 
 Since' then, until the jiresent year, though writing 
 considerably tor the papers, fighting corruption in 
 public officials and denouncing high and unjust tax- 
 ation, she has not* been engaged in responsible news- 
 paper work. 
 
 During 181)4 and 1865, Mrs. Hasbrouck was presi- 
 dent of the National Dress Reform Association. In 
 1864 its annual convention was held in Middletown. 
 A large number of women wearing the reform dress 
 were present, and Gothic Hall was packed with atten- 
 tive listeners. 
 
 In 1880 the New York Legislature passed a law 
 allowing women to vote for and hold .school offices. 
 The act was passed February 12th. On March 9th 
 the election for school officers occurred in Middle- 
 town. Mrs. Hasbrouck wrote an article for the Press 
 calling on the " men of Middletown to show by their 
 action they were honest enough to give the law a fair 
 trial and practical test." The Republicans refused to 
 do this, but the Equal Rights element united with the 
 Temperance and Democratic vote, and elected five 
 women as members of the board of education, — 
 Lydia Sayer Hasbrouck being one of the number. 
 
 It being the first election in the State where women 
 had been chosen to this office, immediately the New 
 York journals despatched interviewing reporters to 
 Middletown to learn the situation and facts, and to 
 spread them far and near to their readers, — Mrs. Has- 
 brouck being always the prominent figure in their 
 articles. Naturally, the old members were greatly 
 displeased with the result of the election, but Mrs. 
 Hasbrouck has stood firmly in defense of such reforms 
 as she believed the majority of the taxpayers and 
 people desired. This not suiting " the ring," they 
 managed in the spring of 1881 to have the editors of 
 both local journals for members of the board of edu- 
 cation, when they refused to admit in their pajjers a 
 word in favor of woman as a worker in the schools. 
 They had long been conservative on the subject of 
 temperance and other reforms, hence the starting of 
 the Liberal Sentinel by John W. and Lydia Sayer 
 Hasbrouck, — an independent weekly quarto paper, 
 open to the discussion of all topics that tend to make 
 humanity better and healthier. 
 
 Since her marriage her husband has been a most 
 eflicient aid, having always sustained and a.ssisted her 
 in the carrying out. of her principles, and no influence 
 has shaken his faithful allegiance to h^. For twenty- 
 five years they have been true to their princijiles and 
 
 * A charming locality on high gronud in the nortliern part of the 
 village, where, in 1857, she l)nilt an octagon stone house in a two-acre 
 clover-lield for theirfntnre home, now suri-oumleil by a wealth of shrub- 
 bery, fruit, and floweis, all planted and cultivated by her own hands. 
 
198 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 troth, and though six-feet boys call them mother and 
 father they are yet workers in the field, fighting 
 wrong and battling for the right. 
 
 Mrs. Hasbroiu'k has always been an energetic busi- 
 ness woman, with remarkable executive and go-ahead 
 capabilities. Her transactions have been confined 
 mostly to real estate, and at present she is engaged in \ 
 building a large block of stores and offices on the 
 best business street in Middletown. In it the Sentinel 
 is expected to have new quarters and to be issued 
 oftener, the better to accommodate the wants of this 
 flourishing town. 
 
 Moses Dunning Stivers was born near Beemer- 
 ville, in the township of Wantage, Sussex Co., N. J., 
 on the 30th day of December, 1828. 
 
 His father, John Stivers, was born in Middlesex 
 Co., N. J., Oct. 3, 1802, and his grandfather, Randal 
 Stivers, was also a native of the same county. The 
 latter removed to Sussex County in the early part of 
 the present century, and settled in the township of 
 Frankford. 
 
 His mother, JIargaret Dunning Stivers, who is still 
 living and renuirkably sprightly and active at the 
 advanced age of seventy-eight years, was born near 
 Scotchtown, Orange Co., N. Y., July 1, 1803. Her 
 father and mother, Jonathan and Rachel Crans Dun- 
 ning, removed to Sussex Co., N. J., and settled in the 
 townsliip of Wantage about 1806. Mr. Dunning 
 served us a private soldier in the American army in 
 the war of 1812. John Stivers and Margaret Dunning 
 were married March 22, 1828, and settled upon a farm 
 near Beemerville, N. J., where all their three children — 
 Moses D., Randal, and Jesse L. — were born. In 1845 
 the family removed to Ridgebury, Orange Co., Mr. 
 Stivers having purchased the old Deacon Hallock 
 farm. The father died here on the 21st of February, 
 1865. His widow and son, Randal, still continue to 
 reside upon the place. 
 
 The youngest son, Jesse Lewis Stivers, enlisted in 
 Company B, Fifty-sixth Regiment New York Vol- 
 unteers, known as the "Tenth Legion," wliich was 
 raised and commanded by Col. (now Gen.) Charles H. 
 Van Wyck, then representing the Tenth District 
 (Orange and Sullivan Counties) in Congress, now 
 United States senator from the State of Nebra.ska. 
 Although a mere stripling of slight build and not 
 strong and robust, Jesse participated in several cam- 
 paigns and battles, among them the campaign in 
 front of Richmond, and was wounded in the battle of 
 Fair Oaks. The regiment was afterwards stationed 
 at Yorktown, and subsequently for some time on Mor- 
 ris Island, S. C. After three years' service, young 
 Stivers re-enlisted with his regiment for another three 
 years. He was subsequently promoted to second lieu- 
 tenant of his company. Ill health and physical de- 
 bility, growing out of the hardships of the service, 
 compelled him to resign his commission in the spring 
 of 1865, when he received an honorable discharge. 
 
 For a time he was associated with his brother in 
 
 the ownership of the Oranye County Press. He died 
 suddenly from heart-disease, in New York City, April 
 30, 1871, at the age of thirty years. 
 
 The subject of our sketch, Moses D. Stivers, whose 
 likeness is given herewith, after attending the com- 
 mon schools in his neighborhood, was in his four- 
 teenth year sent to the then well and widely known 
 select school kept by Edward A. Stiles, now deceased, 
 located near the Clove church, in the township of 
 Wantage, Sussex Co., N. J., afterwards known as 
 Mount Retirement Seminary. He spent two and a 
 half years at this school, and afterwards attended a 
 term at a select school at Beemerville, N. J., and also 
 the academy- at Ridgebury, N. Y. After leaving 
 school he worked upon his father's farm in the sum- 
 mer seasons, and during the winters, for the next tea 
 yeai-s, engaged in teaching at various places in Sussex 
 and Orange Counties. 
 
 He was married, Sept. 26, 1855, to Mary Elizabeth 
 Stewart, second daughter of Mr. Lewis Stewart, of 
 the town of Wawayanda, Orange Co., N. Y. Five 
 children have been the fruit of this marriage, viz. : 
 Mary Ellen (wife of Mr. Edwin T. Hanford, of Mid- 
 dletown), Louis Stewart, John Dunning, Cristina 
 Stewart, and Moses Ashby. 
 
 For two years after his marriage he kept a country 
 store at Ridgebury. In 1859 he removed to Middle-' 
 town, where he has since resided, with the exception 
 of three years at Goshen. In the spring of that year 
 he entered into partnei-ship with Mr. AVilliam Evans 
 in the mercantile business, under the firm-name of 
 Evans & Stivers,which they carried on upon Main 
 Street for some five years. Mr. Evans then sold his 
 interest to Messrs. Harvey and John A. Wallace, and 
 the business was continued under the firm-name of 
 Stivers & Wallace until after the election of Mr, 
 Stivers to the office of county clerk in the fall of 1864. 
 
 In March, 1868, after the expiration of his term of 
 office as county clerk, Mr. Stivers purchased from Mr. 
 John W. Hasbrouck the printing-office and weekly 
 newspaper, TIte Orange County Press, which the 
 latter had founded. Although with no practical 
 knowledge of the printing business, and without any 
 experience as a journalist, except as an occasional 
 contributor to the newspaper press, Mr. Stivers at 
 once met with remarkable success in his new voca- 
 tion. The paper was enlarged, and in various ways 
 improved; and from a feeble circulation of a few 
 hundred copies it speedily ran up in a few months, 
 until it equalled, if not surpassed, the circulation of 
 any weekly journal in the county. 
 
 He associated his brother Jesse with him for a few 
 months, and afterwards, in December, 1869, formed a 
 partnership witli Albert Kessinger, of Rome, N. Y., 
 a mere youth, who had not then attained his majority, 
 but who possessed intellectual and business qualities 
 far beyond his years. This association continued 
 until the unfortunate mental disability and death of 
 Mr. Kessinger, which latter occurred Aug. 5, 1872. 
 
^'-^tyV^ 
 
y 
 
THE PRESS OF ORANGE COUxXTY. 
 
 199 
 
 In the mean time, besides largely increasing their 
 business in all its branches, they had established the 
 Middletown Tri-weekhj Evciiiiiff Press. In order bet- 
 ter to settle up the partnership affairs of the late firm, 
 in October, 1872, Mr. Stivers sold the concern to Mr. 
 F. Stanhope Hill, who associated with him Mr. John 
 W. Slawson, under the firm-name of Hill & Shiwson. 
 
 In the summer of 1873, Mr. Stivers made a tour of 
 Europe, visiting England, Ireland, Scotland, and the 
 Continent, going as far south as Naples, and visiting 
 the International Exposition at Vienna. His observa- 
 tions were given in a series of letters in the Press. 
 Just previous tn his departure, which was on June 
 14, 1873, he again became part owner of the Press by 
 the repurchase from Mr. Hill's interest therein. On 
 his return from abroad, in September, 1873, Mr. 
 Stivers again resumed the editorship of the paper, — 
 the Daily Press having at this time been established, 
 — devoting the closest attention to it until he finally 
 sold his interest in the concern to the present pro- 
 prietors in December, 1880. The Press had during 
 these years attained a wide circulation. 
 
 While the paper was radically Republican in poli- 
 tics, it nevertheless was always extremelj' independ- 
 ent in the expression of its views. Mr. Stivers has 
 always taken a lively interest in political matters. 
 He started out as a Free-Soil Democrat in 1848, but 
 could not then vote. In 1852 lie cast his first vote 
 for President, for Franklin Pierce. He was an ardent 
 Anti-Slavery Democrat during the Kansas troubles, 
 which occurred during President Pierce's term, and 
 when the Republican party was organized in 1855 
 was one of the very first to assist in that organization, 
 and has remained a stanch and active Republican — 
 without variableness or shadow of turning— to the 
 present time. He has frequently been chosen as a 
 delegate to the various local, State, and once to the 
 National Convention of his party. In fact, probably 
 no one in the county has ever been called to serve 
 oftener in this capacity. 
 
 Mr. Stivers has also received many nominations, 
 and has held several offices at the hands of his fel- 
 low-citizens. He was elected town commissioner of 
 schools for the town of Wawayanda, and when the 
 office was abolished was the first Republican candi- 
 date for the office of district commissioner. He was 
 appointed postmaster at Ridgebury under President 
 Pierce, but owing to his outspoken Free-Soil senti- 
 ments was removed. In 1862 he was the Republican 
 candidate for member of the Assembly in the Second 
 District of Orange County, but of course was de- 
 feated in this strong Democratic district. 
 
 In the fall of 1864 lie was elected to the office of 
 county clerk of Orange County on the Republican 
 ticket, and after serving three years, at the close of his 
 term, received the compliment of a renomination. 
 But the county at that election was carried by the 
 Democrats, and he was defeated, though only by a 
 lew votes. 
 
 In October, 1868, he was appointed by President 
 Grant collector of United States internal revenue 
 for the Eleventh District of New York, comprising 
 the counties of Orange and Sullivan. In 1876 the 
 Thirteenth District (Ulster and Green Counties) was 
 consolidated with the Eleventh, and Mr. Stivers was 
 retained as the collector of the new district, which 
 office he continues to fill. 
 
 In the Utica Republican State Convention, in Feb- 
 ruary, 1880, Mr. Stivers was selected by a majority 
 of the delegates from the Fourteenth Congressional 
 District to represent the party at the Republican 
 National Convention at Chicago in June following. 
 
 Mr. Stivers from the outset declared his intention 
 to obey the manifest will of his constituents rather 
 than the instructions of the State convention, and 
 joined with Judge Robertson and some twenty other 
 delegates from this State in opposition to the unit 
 rule, which position was su.stained by the subsequent 
 action of the National Convention. With the dele- 
 gates alluded to he voted in the convention steadily 
 for Mr. Blaine for President, until the name of Gen. 
 Garfield was introduced, when they immediately gave 
 their votes to him and helped to bring about his 
 nomination. He took an active part in the campaign 
 which followed, as, indeed, he has always done in 
 every political campaign since he has been a voter. 
 
 Aside from the political offices he has held, Mr. 
 Stivers has been called to fill many other positions of 
 honor and trust. He is a director of the Middletown, 
 Unionville and Water Gap Railroad, a trustee of 
 the Middletown Savings-Bank, a trustee of the Hill- 
 side Cemetery, and almost from the first organization 
 of the New York State Homoeopathic Asylum for the 
 Insane at Middletown — in which he took an earnest 
 interest, and to which he contributed liberally of his 
 time and means — he has been a member of its board 
 of trustees, and the secretary of the board. 
 
 In all matters pertaining to the advancement and 
 welfare of the village of Middletown he has always 
 taken a lively interest and been an active participant. 
 He was one of the original members of Eagle Engine 
 Company, and for some years its foreman. He is a 
 member of Hoffman Lodge, Free and Accepted Ma- 
 sons, and is a Past Master of the lodge ; also of Mid- 
 land Chapter, Royal Arch Masons ; a member of 
 Middletown Lodge of Odd-Fellows, and of Ivanhoe 
 Lodge Knights of Honor. 
 
 THE PRESS OF MONTGOMERY. 
 
 The history of the Orange County Pepuhlican, which 
 was printed in Montgomery from 1806 to 1818, has 
 been given in connection with the press of Goshen. 
 
 The Republican Banner was, we believe, the second 
 paper printed in the town. Calvin F. S. Thomas was 
 its publisher in 1833-34, but when it began or ended 
 its career we have no knowledge. The Montgomery 
 Standard was established by William H. Smith, June, 
 1859. The Moniyomery Republieau was established by 
 
2u(l 
 
 HlSTURr OF OEAXGK COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Lester Wiufield, in September, 18G8, as a continuation 
 of the Pine Bush Wn-l-li/ C'uM (November, 1867), 
 which was originally started by him at Galeville Mills, 
 Ulster Co., May 4, 18(54. The Standard was consoli- 
 dated with the Republican, May 1, 1869, under the 
 title of liepiibUran and Standard, which is continued 
 by Mr. Winfield. 
 
 The Wallkill Valhy Times was established at Mont- 
 gomery in April, 1868, by Stephen H. Sayer, who also 
 issued the DoUar Weekly, in 1869. His undertaking 
 failed in 1871, and his materials went into the bands 
 of Mr. Winfield. 
 
 The Walden Recorder was commenced by S. H. 
 Sayer in 1869, but suffered to go down. Chauncey 
 B. Reed took it up in 1870, and added Herald to the 
 title, but subsequently dropped Recorder. The paper 
 is now the Walden Herald. 
 
 THE PRESS OF PORT JERVIS. 
 
 The first newspaper published in Port .Tervis was 
 the Port Jervis Express, an independent VVliig journal, 
 and was issued in January, ISoO, by P. H. .Miller, a 
 colored man, who was both editor and proprietor. 
 The size of the sheet was twenty by twenty-eight. It 
 was printed on a Raniage press, and was published on 
 Wednesdays, at one dollar a year, payable in advance, 
 or two dollars at expiration of year. The office was 
 over a harness-maker's shop, near the residence of Dr. 
 John Conkling. The Express gave up the ghost in 
 about nine months. 
 
 In November, IS.iO, the publication of the T'ri-Statea 
 Union was commenced in Col. Samuel Fowler's brick 
 building, opposite the present Erie Eaihv;iy freight 
 depot. It was mainly through the eftbrts of Col. 
 Fowler, then a leading Democratic politician, that the 
 paper sprang into existence. It was a nicely-printed 
 sheet, and was ably edited by John I. Mumford. In 
 December, 185.3, the paper was purchased by L. F. 
 Barnes, a young lawyer of Milford, Pa., who edited it 
 until Aug. 10, 18.54, when, having been appointed to 
 a lucrative government position, he sold the establish- 
 ment to James H. Norton. Barnes died at Milford 
 about 1868. 
 
 Mr. Norton was editor and proprietor of the paper 
 until 1861, when he disposed of the ofHce to G. W. 
 Allen, of Honesdale, Pa., and W. W. Farnum, nephew 
 of the late H. H. Farnum, of Port Jervis. 
 
 From its commencement until the advent of Mr. 
 Allen as editor the paper was Democratic in politics. 
 The latter changed it to a Republican paper. Sept. 27, 
 1862, the U/iion was sold to Daniel Holbrook, a grad- 
 uate of Harvard College, and at the time principal of 
 the schools at the House of Refuge, Randall's Island. 
 
 Mr. Holbrook was succeeded Sept. 27, 1869, by 
 W. G. Mitchell, of Chambersburg, Pa. In 1871, Mr. 
 Mitchell retired, and Mr. Chqrles St. John, Jr., the 
 present editor and proprietor, A. E. Spooner, and 
 William T. Doty, the present editor of the Gazette, be- 
 came the proprietors, with Messrs. St. John and Doty 
 
 as editors. In 1872, Spooner disposed of his interest 
 to E. G. Fowler, at present editor of the Snndaij Morn- 
 ing Call, and later in the same year Mr. Doty retired. 
 At this time the Liberal party was organized, and the 
 Union was an earnest champion of the new party. 
 
 In January, 1873, the Daily Union was started by 
 Messrs. St. John & Fouler, the latter retiring in the 
 fall of that year. In 1879 the daily was enlarged. 
 The Tri-States Union was changed from a weekly to a 
 semi-weekly in 1878. Since 1875 the Union has been 
 Republican in its politics. 
 
 In 1852 the temperance question was largely advo- 
 cated in the town of Deerpark. A number of the 
 friends of the cause united and purchased the outfit 
 of a printing-office, and in June, 1852, the publication 
 of The Mirror of Temperance was commenced, edited 
 by J. L. Barlow and John Dow. Barlow was a "Mil- 
 lerite," and had previously edited the Sussex County 
 Home Journal, at Deckertown, N. J. The paper proved 
 an unprofitable venture ; it lived about one year and 
 a half. On the ruins of the Mirror John Williams, 
 an Englishman, started The Sentinel. Like its prede- 
 cessor, it was the organ of the Temperance party. In 
 the fall of 1854 he issued a campaign paper called The 
 Precursor of Temjjeronce. The Sentinel failed in 1855, 
 Mr. Williams removing to Middletown, and later to 
 New York City. The Iron Age, the leading paper in 
 the United States devoted to the iron interests, was 
 founded by Mr. Williams, and is now published by 
 his son, David Williams. After the demise of The 
 Sentinel the owners sold the press and type to parties 
 elsewhere. 
 
 The Erening Gazette was founded April 22, 1869, as 
 a tri-weekly publication, by James H. Norton, of 
 Middletown, and William H. Nearpass, of Port Jer- 
 vis. The paper was neutral in politics. In about a 
 month thereafter the Family Gazette, a weekly paper, 
 was issued from the same office. Before the expira- 
 tion of the first volume it was enlarged and the name 
 changed to Port Jervis Weekly Gazette. In 1871, Mr. 
 Norton retired from the concern, and E. H. Mott, of 
 Honesdale, Pa., became associated with Mr. Near- 
 pass as one of the editors and proprietors. Oct. 1, 
 1872, the Gazette establishment was purchased by 
 George A. Clement, a New York lawyer, and the 
 paper, which had hitherto been neutral, was changed 
 to Republican. Mr. Clement edited the Gazette until 
 July 1, 1873, when he leased the office to William T. 
 Doty and a young man named Waller, of Monticello, 
 Mr. Doty assuming the editorial charge. In 1874, 
 Mr. Clement sold the establishment to Jesst M. Con- 
 ner, a Port Jervis merchant, and in September, 1874, 
 Mr. Conner disposed of it in a trade to Hon. Charles 
 St. John. The latter shortly after sold it to E. J. 
 Horton, of Peekskill, and W. T. Doty. With the new 
 change the paper was made Democratic. In 1875, Mr. 
 Horton sold his interest to Mr. Doty. In October, 
 Ic 76, Hon. Charles St. John again became the owner, 
 and for two issues the Evening Gazette appeared as a 
 
'^yvr^^..^^^ 
 
ORANGE COUNTY CIVIL LIST. 
 
 101 
 
 neutral paper, when he disposed of it to its present 
 proprietor, William H. Nearpass, and both the Eren- 
 in<f and Wcfklij Gazetfes were again Democratic. The 
 present editor of the paper is W. T. Doty, who has 
 continued to edit it since 1873. The publisher is 
 W. H. Nearpass. . 
 
 The SiiiiiJay Moniiiii/ Call, a weelvly Sunday paper, 
 was established April 4, 1880, by E. G. Fowler and 
 A. L. Jiloftat. Mr. Fowler is the editor. Mr. Moffat 
 remained in the office but a short time, and disposed 
 <if his interest to other parties. The paper is " inde- 
 pendent." George Lea purchased it in December, 
 18,80. Mr. Fowler is now connected with the Middle- 
 town Press. 
 
 William H. Nearpass. — The earliest representa- 
 tive of the Nearpass family, Jacob by name, emigrated 
 from Germany about the year 17r)5, and chose a home 
 in Jlontague, Sussex Co., N. J., where he remained 
 until his death, having followed agricultural pursuits 
 during his lifetime. His children were Baltus, John, 
 Jacob, William, Benjamin, Elizabeth, and Catharine, 
 of whom John, William, and Benjamin settled in 
 Montague. Baltus sacrificed his life in the battle of 
 Minisiuk ; William ended his life by an accident; 
 Jacob removed to Seneca Co., N. Y.,and was the pro- 
 ■ genitor of the branch of the family residing in western 
 New York; and Benjamin, at a later day, repaired to 
 Michigan. 
 
 John was nuirricd, March 19, 1785, to Miss Sarah 
 Likhoorn, and is the grandfather of the subject of 
 this sketch. His children were Baltus, William, 
 Micliael, Benjamin, Rachel, Mary, and Catharine, all 
 of whom chose homes in the vicinity, either in Penn- 
 sylvania, New Jersey, or New York. Michael, the 
 father of William H., remained in New Jersey, having 
 inherited the homestead. He was united in marri.age 
 first to Jemima Cuddeback, and a second time to 
 Charlotte E. Stewart, who was the mother of four 
 children, — William H., Horace S., Sarah Temper- 
 ance, and Charles H. Of this number the only sur- 
 vivors are William H. and Charles H., both of whom 
 reside in Port .Tervis. William H. Nearpass was born 
 in Montague, N. J., May 9, 18-10, and passed his early 
 years at the home of his parents in the latter town- 
 ship. They removed in 18.56 to Port Jervis, which 
 afforded him improved educational advantages at the 
 public school of that place, though these were not of 
 a superior character. At the age of nineteen he be- 
 gan a mercantile career as clerk in one of the stores 
 of the place. In 1865 the firm of Wilkin ct Near- 
 pass was established, which copartnership continued 
 until 1867, when Nearpass & Swartwout embarked in 
 trade. This firm was succeeded by Nearpass & 
 Brother, after which the present copartnership of 
 Near])ass & Shinier was formed. 
 
 Mr. Nearpass having developed a taste and mani- 
 fested a peculiar adaptation for the profession of jour- 
 nalist, in connection with Mr. J. H. Norton began the 
 publication of the Ecenhui Gazdte, a tri-weekly, to- 
 14 
 
 gether with a weekly edition of the same paper. He 
 later disposed of his interest in the paper, and in 
 1876 repurchased. This evening bulletin of news met 
 a want which the community had long felt, and its 
 publisher was encouraged, in .Tanuary, 1881, to further 
 enterprise by converting it into a daily. Its increas- 
 ing circulation testifies to the appreciation in which 
 it is held by the citizens of Port Jervis and vicinity. 
 
 Mr. Nearpass has engaged actively in all undertak- 
 ings having for their aim the public welfare. He 
 has been favored with many local offices, having 
 been for five years supervisor of the township, and 
 elected a portion of this time without opposition. 
 The offices of trustee and treasurer of the village 
 have also been filled by him. His religious associa- 
 tions are with the Reformed (Dutch) Church, of which 
 he is an esteemed elder. 
 
 Mr. Nearpass was married in 1867 to Miss Anna 
 W. Newman, of Brooklyn, N. Y., who died in 187'J, 
 leaving three children, — Emma E., Charlotte A., and 
 Anna W., the latter of whom is deceased. 
 
 THE PRESS OP WARWICK. 
 The Warwick Advertiser was commenced Jan. 27, 
 1866 ; Leonard Cox, editor and proprietor. John L. 
 Servin purchased it Jan. 8, 1869, and sold to Daniel 
 F. Welling, April 1, 1874. From Welling it passed 
 to Stewart & Wilson (Aug. 5, 1876). Wilson sold his 
 interest to D. C. Demerest, and it was published by 
 Stewart & Demerest until the establishment was de- 
 stroyed by fire, Jan. 24, 1879, since which time it has 
 been published by Stewart & Co. Samuel J. Stewart 
 has been its editor since August, 1876. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 In regard to the following newspapers no reply has 
 been made to our inquiries : 
 
 The Cornwall Heflec/or, founded as the Cornwall 
 Mirror, by John W. Lee, in 1877, now published by 
 H. H. Snelling. 
 
 The Cornwall limes, Miss S. J. A. Hussey, editor 
 and proprietor. 
 
 The Highland Falls Journal, James C. Merritt, 
 editor. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 OBANGE COUNTY CIVIL LIST. 
 
 In the following lists are included the names of 
 representative and other officers of the oriffimd county 
 of Orange, and also the officers of Ulster County who 
 were taken from the precincts and towns of that 
 county which were subsequently annexed to Orange, 
 together with those of the present (bounty of Orange, 
 viz. : 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES IN COLONIAL A.^.^IvMBLY. 
 
 Original Orange was given representation in the 
 General Assembly in 1699, from which time until 
 
202 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 1775, which embraces the first representative period 
 prior to the Revolution, its representatives were : 
 
 1699-1701, Abraham Converneur;* 1701-5, '9. '10, M6, '26, Peter Haring; 
 1705-8, riuris C'rum ; 1708-9, Michael Hawdin; 171(J-13, Heudrick 
 TeiiEyck; 1713-16, '26, '37, Cornelius HaiTiiiK: 1710-26, Cornelius 
 Cuyper; 1726-29, Lancaster Symes ; 1729-39, '67, '.')9, Vincent Mat- 
 tliewB, Cornwall; 1739-60, Thomas Gale, G.ishen ; 1739-45, Gabriel 
 Ludlow; 1747^8, '59, Theodorus Snediker; 1745-47, '59, '08, Abra- 
 ham Harrinp; 1750-57, Samuel Gale; 1759-09, Henry Wisner, Go- 
 shen; 1709-75, Samuel Gale (2); 1709-76, John De Noyelies; 1775, 
 John Coe, Haverstraw. 
 
 The representative from Ulster, from the district 
 now embraced in Orange, was George Clinton, of New 
 Windsor, from 1768 to 1775. 
 
 DELEGATES FROM THE COLONY OF NEW YORK TO 
 
 THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS— 1774. 
 
 John Alsop, William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Simon Boerum, John 
 
 Harriug, Isaac Low, James Dnane, John Jay, Henry "Wisuer.t 
 
 SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS— 1775. 
 John .Alsop, James Duane, William Floyd, Lewis Morris, Simon Boerum, 
 John Jay, Philip Livingston, Philip Schuyler, George Clinton, 
 Francis Lewis, Robert R. Livingston, Henry Wisner. 
 
 Clinton and Wisner were from the district now 
 embraced in Orange County. Simon Boerum died 
 July 11, 1775, and John Alsop resigned immediately 
 after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, 
 to which measure he was opposed. Clinton, Wisner, 
 Alsop, Floyd, and Lewis were present when the Decla- 
 ration was adojjted, but, in consequence of the instruc- 
 tions which they had received from the Convention of 
 New York, did not vote. New York subsequently 
 approved the Declaration, and it was signed, on behalf 
 of the State, by Philip Livingston, Floyd, Lewis, and 
 Morris. Clinton, Wisner, Schuyler, Jay, and Eobert 
 R. Li vi ngston were called home to take charge of defen- 
 sive operations in New York, and hence did not sign. 
 Their signatures were not necessary, as the Conven- 
 tion of New York had instructed any three of the 
 representatives to cast the vote of the State. The dele- 
 gates of 1775 continued to serve until 1777, — William 
 Duer taking the place of John Alsop. 
 
 DELEGATES TO THE PROVINCIAL CONGRESS OF 
 NEW YORK— 1775-77. 
 Orange County. — A. Hawkes Hay, Haverstraw ; Jeremiah Clark, Corn- 
 wall; John Coe, Havei-straw : Wm. Allison, Goshen; Peter Cowles, 
 Goshen ; Thomas Cuyper, Haverstraw ; John Barring, Orangetown; 
 Abni. Lent, Orangetown ; Thomas Outwater, Orangetown ; Israel 
 Seeley, Cornwall; Joshua H. Smith, Haverstraw; RoeloffVan Honten, 
 Haverstraw ; Nidiolas Jackson, Goshen ; Archibald Little, Cornwall ; 
 David Pye, Haverstraw ; Isaac Sherwood, Orangetown ; Benj. Tnsten, 
 G(i3he;i: Henry 'Wisner, Goshen ; Jesse Woodhnll, Cornwall, y 
 
 * Speaker of Assembly. He was a resident of New York. 
 
 t Henry Wisner Wiis the grandson of Johannes W^isner, who settled on 
 ;the Wawayanda Patent in 1714. " He was a man. although of slender 
 education , yet of strong natural abilities, of pleasing address, and seemed 
 to possess from his ancestors a strong predilection for republican institu- 
 tions," says Judge William Thompson. His active years were spent in 
 the civil service of his country, liaviug entered the General (Colonial) 
 Asseniidy in 1759, and continued therein until 1782, with only a few 
 years' inteiiuption. He was also the founder of two powder-mills in the 
 county for the supply of the army of the Revolution. His son, Henry, 
 Jr., was also in the Legislature ; and his son-in-law, Moses Phillip, was 
 the founder of Phillipsburgh. 
 
 fVa'er Coioi/j/.— ^ohn Nicholson,^ Montgomery; Arthur Parks,; Mont- 
 gomery ; Johannes Snyder, Shawangunk ; Matthew Rhea, Mont- 
 gomery; Thomas Palmer, Newburgh; Henry Wisner, Jr., Wallkill; 
 Levi Paulding, Kingston ; Christopher Tappen, Kingston ; Birck 
 Wynkoop, Jr., Kingston. 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY— 1775-76. 
 Orange Cmuitij. — David Pye, John Harring, Jeremiah (.'lark, Thennis 
 
 Cuyper. 
 VUier Couiiiij. — Samuel Brewster, New Windsor; Heni-y W'isner, Jr., 
 
 Wallkill. 
 
 DELEGATES TO THE CONVENTION CALLED TO DE- 
 LIBERATE UPON THE ADOPTION, BY THE STATE 
 OF NEW YORK, OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE 
 UNITED STATES, HELD JUNE 17, 1788. 
 tlster County. — George Clinton ; James Clinton, New Windsor; Ebenezer 
 
 Clark, John Cantiue, Cornelius C. Shoemaker, Dirck Wyukoop. 
 Orange County. — Henry Wisner, Goshen ; John Harriug ; Jesse W^oodhull, 
 Cornwall ; John Wood. 
 
 After a severe struggle this convention ratified the 
 constitution by a vote of thirty to twenty-seven, — 
 Orange and Leister Counties voting in the negative. 
 
 DELEGATES TO THE STATE CONVENTION OF 1801, 
 CALLED TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION OF 1777. 
 Oravye Conntij. — Aaron Burr; Arthur Parks, Montgninery ; James Clin- 
 ton, New Windsor; John Steward, Gosheu ; Peter Tuwusend, Corn- 
 wall. 
 
 Aaron Burr resided in New York, but was elected 
 as a representative from Orange. He was president 
 of the convention. 
 
 DELEGATES TO THE STATE CONVENTION OF 1S21, 
 CALLED TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION OF ISOl. 
 
 Orange County. — John Duer, Goshen; Peter MiUiken, Montgomery; 
 John Hallock, Jr. ; Benjamin Woodward, Mount Hope. 
 
 DELEGATES TO THE STATE CONVENTION OF 1S46, 
 CALLED TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION OF 1S21. 
 
 John W. Brown. Newburgh ; Lewis Cuddeback, Deerpark ; George W. 
 Tutliill, Blooming-Grove. 
 
 ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT 
 
 Date. 
 
 1792 !|. 
 179G.. 
 1800.. 
 1804.. 
 180b.. 
 1812.. 
 
 181G.. 
 1820.. 
 1824.. 
 
 Name. 
 .Jesse WoodhuU.^ 
 .Johannes Miller. 
 .James Burt. 
 .John Wood. 
 .William Hallock. 
 .Joim Cliandler. 
 Chatuey Belknap. 
 .John Blake, Jr. 
 .Peter Milliken. 
 .William Walsh. 
 
 Residence. 
 Cornwall. 
 Montgomery. 
 Warwick. 
 Goshen. 
 
 Newburgh, / 
 Montgomery, 
 
 AND VICE-PRESIDENT. 
 Vote cast for. 
 Washington and Clinton. 
 Adams and Piiickney. 
 Jefferson and Burr. 
 Jefferson and Clinton. 
 Madison and Clinton. 
 
 DeWitt Clinton and Ingersoll. 
 Monroe and Tompkins. 
 
 Newburgh. Adams and Calhoun. 
 
 J John Nicholson was of Scotch-Irish extraction. He settled with his 
 father iu Wallkill precinct in or about 1731. He raised a company for 
 the Canada expedition iu 1775, and on the reorganization of the troops 
 there in 1776 was raised to the rank of colonel. He died at his residence 
 iu the present town of Montgomery, Aug. 2, 1811, with the record of *' a 
 useful and excellent man." 
 
 g Arthur Parks was a resident if not a native of the present town of 
 Montgomery, where he died Aug. 11, 1SU6, in his seventieth year. He 
 was the grandson of John Parks and Blarguret Clinton, the sister of 
 James, the father of Charles Clinton. He was in civil service from 1775 
 to 17S8. 
 
 II New York had no voice in electing the first President, not having 
 adopted the Federal Constitution. 
 
 ^ Jesse Woodhull was born at Mastic, L. I., Feb. 10, 1735. He settled 
 at Blagg's Clove, iu Cornwall precinct (now in Blooming-Grove), aliout 
 ]7o3. His military service has been noticed elsewhere. He died Feb. 4, 
 17'J5. 
 
ORANGE COUNTY CIVIL LIST. 
 
 203 
 
 Dutc. Name. Residence. Vote cost for. 
 
 182S...Kgbert Jansen. Goslien. Jacksou and Calhoun. 
 
 18y2...SaiMnel Huuter. MoutKomery. Jackson and Van Buren. 
 
 18:if....Natlianiel P. Hill. " Van Buren and Johnson. 
 
 1840. ..James Burt. Wai-wick. 1 ,, . ^ -r i„„ 
 
 , V Harnsou and Tyler. 
 Nathl. DuBois. Newburgh. ) 
 
 1844. ..William Murray. Westtowu. Polk and Dallas. 
 
 1848. ..James D. Bull. Crawfurd. Taylor aTid Fillmore. 
 
 1852. ..Alex. Thompson. " Pierce and King. 
 
 1856...John P. Jones, Sullivan Co. Fremont and Dayton. 
 
 1800. ..George M. Grier. Goshen. Lincoln and Hamlin. 
 
 1864. ..James W. Taylor. Newburgh. Lincoln and Johnson. 
 
 1868. ..Egbert A. Clark. Sullivan Co. Grant and Colfa.v. 
 
 1872...Stod'd Hammonfl. " " Grant and Wilson. 
 
 1870. ..William Voorliis. Rockland Co. Tilden and Hendricks. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. 
 
 Orange mid Ulster Counties. 
 
 1789-91 John Hatborn. Warwick. 
 
 1791-9IJ Corns. C. Schoonmaker. Kiligst^ni. 
 
 1793-95 Peter Van Gaasbeck. 
 
 Fourth DUtrict, — Ormuje, lister, and Deluware Counties. 
 
 179.VJ7 John Hathorn. Warwick. 
 
 1797-99 Lucas Elmendoi-f. Kingston. 
 
 1799-1801 " " " 
 
 1801-;! " " " 
 
 FijVi District^ — Oraihje County. 
 
 lSo:i-.''i Andrew McCord, Wallkill. 
 
 1805-7 John Blake, Jr. " 
 
 1807-9 " 
 
 Tftird District, — Oran'je iiml Westrhester Counties. 
 
 1809-11 Jonathan Fisk. Newburgh. 
 
 lsll-l:i Pierre VauCortlandt, Jr. Westchester County. 
 
 tSirth District, — Orange Conntii. 
 
 18l:i-l.^ Jonathan Fisk. Newburgh. 
 
 181,'i-17« " " " 
 
 1817-19 James W. Wilkin. Goshen. 
 
 1819-21 Walter Ciise. Newburgh. 
 
 1821-2:1 Selah Tutliill.t Goshen. 
 
 lS2:i-2.i Hector Craig. Blooming-Grove. 
 
 182.'»-27 John Hallock, Jr. Goshen. 
 
 1827-29 " " " 
 
 1S29-:!1 Hector Craig. t Blooming-Grove. 
 
 18:il-;B Sanil. J. Wilkin. Goshen. 
 
 183:i-y5 John W. Brown. Newburgh. 
 
 ls:i.'i-.'S7 •' 
 
 18:17-39 Nathaniel Jones. Warwick. 
 
 18:i9^1 " •' 
 
 1841-43 James G. Clinton. Newburgh. 
 
 yinlh District, — Orange and Sulliran Counties. 
 
 1843-45 James G. Clinton. Newburgh. 
 
 1846-47 Archibald C. Niven. Monticello. 
 
 1847-49 Daniel B.St. John. 
 
 1849-51 Thomas McKissock. Newburgh. 
 
 1851-53 William Murray, Goshen. 
 
 1853-55 " 
 
 Tenth lii'iiri't, — Oratuje and Bidlivau Counties. 
 
 1855-57 Ambrose S. Murray. Goshen. 
 
 1857-59 " " 
 
 1859-01 Chas. H. Van Wyck. Sullivan County. 
 
 18C1-03 " " " " 
 
 Eleventh District, — Orange und .Sulliran Counties. 
 
 1863-M Charles H. Winfield. Goshen. 
 
 1805-67 " 
 
 1867-09 Chas. H. Vau Wyck. Sullivan County. 
 
 1869-71 George W. Greene. Goshen. 
 
 1871-73 Chas, St. John. Port Jervis. 
 
 Ttcel/th District, — Orange and Sullivttn Counties. 
 
 187.1-75 Chas. St. John. Port Jervis. 
 
 Fourteenth District, — Orange and Sullivan Counties. 
 
 1875-77 George M. Beebe. Monticello. 
 
 1877-79 " 
 
 * Resigned .Tune, 1815. Succeeded by James W'. W'ilkiu, Goshen. 
 
 + Died December, 1821. Succeeded by Chas. Borland, Jr., Mont- 
 gomery. 
 
 I Appointed judge and resigned. Succeeded by Saml. W. Eager, 
 Montgomery, November, 1830. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVES IN STATE SENATE. 
 Date. Name. Residence, 
 
 1777-82 Henry Winner. Goshen. 
 
 1777-88 Arthur Parks. Montgomery. 
 
 1777-80 Jesse Woodhull. Cornwall. .^ 
 
 1782-84 Thomas Palmer. Newbui-gh. 
 
 1783-80 William Allison. Goshen, 
 
 1787-90 Jolin Hathorn. Warwick. 
 
 1789-92 James Clinton. New Windsor. 
 
 1794-97 Reuben Hopkins. Goshen. 
 
 1797-1800 William Thompson. Goshen, 
 
 1801-14 James W, Wilkin. Goshen. 
 
 1804-10, 1823-26 James Burt. Warwick. 
 
 1805-8 Samuel Brewster. New Windsor. 
 
 1815-22 William Koss. Newburgh, 
 
 1827-31) Benjamin Woodward. Mount Hope, 
 
 1831-34 David M, Westcott. (ioslien. 
 
 1837-40 Henry H, Van Dyck, C.^hun, 
 
 1841-47 Robert Denniston, Salisbury Mills. 
 
 1848-49 Samuel J. Wilkin. (Inshen 
 
 1852-53 Nathaniel Jones, Newburgh, 
 
 lS56-,i7 Edward M. Madden, Middletown. 
 
 1858-59 Osmer B, Wheeler. Midilletown. 
 
 1808-71 Williinn M, Graham. Middletown. 
 
 1872-75 Edward M, Madilen. Middletown, 
 
 1876-79 Daniel B, St. John. Newburgh, 
 
 1880-81 Edward M. Madden. Middletown. 
 
 From 1777 to 1796 the senatorial flistrict embraced 
 the countie.s of Orange, Ulster, and Duchess, and was 
 entitled to six senators. 17K6-97, Orange, Ulster,* 
 Duchess, and Columbia; Delaware added in 1797; 
 Chenango in 1798; Greene in 1800; Sullivan in 1809, 
 entitled to twelve senators to 1808, and to seven from 
 1808 to 1814. In 1815, Albany, Chenango, Columbia, 
 Delaware, Greene, Orange, Otsego, Schoharie, Sulli- 
 van, and Ulster composed the district, with a repre- 
 sentation of nine senators. Under the constitution of 
 1821 the district was composed of Duchess, Putnam, 
 Rockland, Orange, Sullivan, Ulster, and Westchester. 
 This continued until 1826, when Delaware was an- 
 nexed. In 1836, Queens and Suffolk were added and 
 Delaware transferred. Under the constitution of 
 1846, Orange and Sullivan composed the district. 
 
 MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY. 
 RESIDENTS OF TOWNS IN PRESENT COUNTV. 
 
 Date. From Original Oran.ge. 
 
 1777-78...John Hathorn.g Warwick, 
 
 1779-80 
 
 1780-81,., John Hathorn, Warwick, 
 Tliomas Moffatt, Cornwall, 
 Bezaleel Seelv, Jr , Gosiien. 
 
 1781-82. „Be7.aleel Seely. 
 
 John Stagg, Goshen. 
 
 1782-83. ..John Hathorn, Warwick, 
 John Stagg, Goshen. 
 
 1783-84,., John Hathorn, Warwick. 
 William Sickles. 
 
 1784-85. ..John Hathorn, Warwick, 
 
 William Sickles, 
 1785-86,,, John Biadner, Goshen, 
 
 Nathaniel Satterly, Cornwall. 
 
 Henry Wisner (3d), Wallkill, 
 
 From Original Ulster. 
 Henry Wisner, Jr., Wallkilf. 
 Blatthew Rhea, Montgomery. 
 Nathan Smith, New Windsor. 
 Matthew Rhea, Montgomery. 
 Robt, Boyd, Jr., New Windsor. 
 Thomas Palmer, Newburgh, 
 Niithan Smith, New Windsor. 
 Holit. Boyd, Jr., New Windsor. 
 Nathan Smith, Jr, 
 James Hunter, Jlontgomery. 
 John Nicholson, Montg.>mery. 
 James Hunter, Montgomery. 
 John Nicholson, Blontgomery. 
 Nathan Smith, New Windsoi-. 
 John Nichultfon, Montgomery. 
 Nathan Smith, New Windsor. 
 David Galatian, Montgomery. 
 Nathan Smith. New Windsor. 
 
 g John Hathorn was a native of Wilmington, DeL He came to Orange 
 County in the capacity of a school-teacher and surveyor; subsequently 
 married a daughter of Thomas Welling and settled in Warwick, where 
 he bad an iron-forge and a store. He was a captain in the old Gosbeii 
 regiment of militia, and under the rearrangement of the militia of tht- 
 Revolution was made colonel of the Warwick regiment, then (1775) a 
 new organization, in which capacity he commanded in the battle of 
 Minisiuk. His civil service began as member of the Assembly under the 
 first State constitution in 1777, in which capacity he served until 178", 
 when he was transfei-red to the Senate, where he remained until 1790. 
 In 1789-90 and 1795-97 he was a rei)resentative in. Congress, and 1801-:^ 
 again in the Senate. He was a small man, wrote an elegant hand, anti 
 left behind him many pleasant recollections. 
 
204 
 
 HI6T0KV OF OliANGE COUNTY, NEW YOlUv. 
 
 Date. From Original Orange. 
 
 1780-8T...Ri)liert Arnistronff,* Warwick. 
 
 Gilbert Cdoper. Warwick. 
 17S7-S8... William Tliomijson, Gcwiieri. 
 
 Henry Wisuer, Jr., Wallkill. 
 1788-8'J....loliu Carpenter, Cornwall. 
 
 Henry Wisner, Jr., Wallkill. 
 178t!-9(J...Julin Carpenter. 
 
 Setli Marvin. 
 
 William Sickles. 
 1790-91... Ji.hn Cariienter. 
 
 Seth Marvin. 
 
 John Smith. 
 1791-92. ..Seih Marvin. 
 
 Jolin Smith. 
 1792-93. ..Renben Hopkins, Coshen. 
 
 John Smith, Goshen. 
 1793-94. ..Sclh Marvin. 
 
 ,)ohu Wheeler. 
 1795 William Allison, Goshen. 
 
 John Hatliorn, Warwick. 
 1796 Seth Marvin. 
 
 James W. Wilkin, Goshen. 
 1790-97. ..Seth Marvin. 
 
 1798 lames linrt, Warwick. 
 
 Moses Hatlield, Goshen. 
 
 From Original Ulster. 
 David Galatian, Montt:o: 
 
 Nathan Smith, 
 James Clinton 
 Nathan Smith. 
 Nathan Smith, 
 
 New Winilsoi-. 
 New A\ iuilsor. 
 New Winilsoi'. 
 New Windsor. 
 
 Nathan Smith, New Windsor. 
 
 Matthew DnBois, N.Windsor. 
 .James Hunter, Montgomery. 
 Jno. G. Graham, Montgomery. 
 Ebenezer Foot, Newbnrgh. 
 
 Nathan Smith, New Windsor. 
 
 Ehenzer Foot, Newbnrgh. 
 Jiihannes Miller, Montgomery 
 A ndrew Mct'oi d, Montgomery. 
 
 Kbenezer Foot, Newbnrgh. 
 Andrew McCord, Montgomery. 
 Francis Ciawlord, Newbnrgh . 
 Kbenezer Foot, Newbnrgh. 
 Benjamin Sears, Montgomery. 
 John Barber, Montgomery. 
 Phirieas Bowman, Newbnrgh. 
 Andrew 31cCord, Montgomery. 
 
 PRESENT COUNTY OF ORANGE. 
 
 1798-99. — tohn Blake, Jr., James Burt,t Moses Philips, Hendrick Smith, 
 
 David M. Westcott. 
 1800. — John Blake, Jr, Robert Bnruet, James Burt, Amirew McCord,t 
 
 Seth Marvin. 
 1801.— Aaron Burr, James Clinton, Ajidrew McCord, Peter Townsend, 
 
 Heniy Tooker. 
 1802.— Joshua Brown, James Uiut,Chas. Clinton, Andjow McCord, Selah 
 
 Strong. 
 1803.— James Burt, William A. Clark, James Finch, Jr.,J Reuben Neely. 
 1801.- Robert Burnet, Joshua Brown, Samuel S. Seward, HeuTy Tooker. 
 18(1.5.— John Barber, Joshua Brown, John Hatliorn, J.)hn Tiifhill. / 
 ISOU.— William Crist, David Dill, Andrew McCord, John Wood. J 
 
 1807..— William Cri»t, Andrew McCord, Abraham Schultz, John Wood. 
 1808. — William Uoss, Selah Strong, Henry Tooker, James W. Wilkin. 
 1809.— William Ross, Anthony Davis, David Dill, James W. Wilkin. 
 1810.— James Finch, Jr., Jos. Morrell, John Nicholson, .Selah Strong. 
 1811.— William Ross, Anthony Davis, Seth Marvin, John Blake, Jr. 
 1812— William Ross, John Gasherie, Peter Holbert, Seth Marvin. 
 1813.— William Ross, Joshua Sayre. Benjamin Stiong, Benjamin Webb. 
 1816.— Hezekiah Belknap, Edward Ely, Jas. Finch, Jr., Bonj. Woodward. 
 1816.— James Burt, David Dill, Nathaniel P. Strong, Selah Strong. 
 1817.— James Faulkner, Jas. Finch, John Hallock, Jr.,! Elihu Hedges. 
 1818.— Isaac Belknap, Anthony Davis, John McGarrah, Wm. Mnllinor. 
 1819.— John Blake, Nathaniel P. Hill, Hezekiah Moffat, Andrew Wilson. 
 1820.— James Finch, Jr., Nathaniel P. Hill, Selah Tuthill, Abraham Vail. 
 1821.— Chas. Borland, Jr., James Burt, John Hallock, Jr.,|| Benj. Wood. 
 
 ward. 
 1822.- James Burt, Egbert Jansen, Jos. McLaughlin, Abm. Schultz. 
 
 * Robert Armstrong was the son of William Armstrong, who was the 
 son of Thomas Armstrong, one of the Scotcli-irish immigrants who ac- 
 companied Charles Clintou in 1729-30, and to whom he was related by 
 Fjianiage. Thomas Armstrong died on the voyage to America. William 
 located in Warwick, where he died March '11, 1805, in his eighty-third 
 year. Robert was born in 1754, and died May 30, 1834, in his eighty-fii-st 
 year. "He was one of those men who ale never even suspected of selfish 
 or corrupt designs." 
 
 t James Burt was the youngest son of Daniel Burt, who settled at Bell- 
 vale, in Warwick, in 1740. He wiui one of the most substantial residents 
 of the county, and had a long and honorable imblic career. 
 
 J Andrew McCord was a resident of Wallkill. " Hi' was a plain, un- 
 ostentatious farmer, who, by a long course of honest industry, and the 
 intelligent discharge of private and public duties, endeared himself to all 
 Ills fellow-citizens." 
 
 g James Finch, Jr., was born July 25, 1768, died Dec. 7, 1843. He was 
 a resident of the town of Mount Hope, where he was a justice of the 
 peace for twenty-eight years and supervisor for twelve years. He was a 
 Common Pleas judge for one term, and member of the Legislature six 
 years. 
 
 [| John Hallock, Jr., was a resident of the old town of Miuisink. He 
 was a man of ready talent, and in all his public positions "acted his 
 part with fidelity and great purity of motive." 
 
 1823.— David Christie. Wm. Finn, Isaac Van Duzei, Samuel Webb. 
 1824.- B.Mij. imnning, .la.. Finch, Jr., Leonaid Smith, Saml. J. Wilkin 
 j 1826.-Wm. Finn, Nathaniel P. Hill, Jos. McLanghlin, Saml. J. Wilkin. 
 [ 1820.— Ogden Hoffman, Hinlsou McFarland, Abm. Schultz, Benj. Wood- 
 ward. 
 lS27.-William W. Crawford, William Ecker, Nathaniel Jones. 
 I 182S.— Nathaniel Jones, Peter Milliken, David M. Westcott. 
 1829.— Robert Fowler, Richard Graham, James Wangh. 
 
 1830.- Abm. Cnddeback, Abm. M. Smith, Phineas Tuthill. 
 
 1831.— Edward Blake, Robert Fowler, James Hnlse. 
 
 1832.— John Barker, Isaac R. Van' Unzor, Charles Winfleld. 
 
 1833.— James Finch, Ezra Keeler, I.aae R. Van Duzer. 
 
 1834.— Meirit H. Gish, Gibert O. Fowler, Charles Winfield. 
 
 1835.- Merrit H. Ca.«li, Robert Deniii»ton, David G. Finch. 
 
 1836.— Charles Borland, Jr., Robert Sly, Thomas Van Etten. 
 
 1837.-Merrit H. Cash, William Jackson, William Morrison. 
 
 1838.-Goldsmith Denniston, Stephen W. Fullerton, Hudson McFarlau 
 
 1839.— Edward Blake, Robert Denniston, .Joseph Slaughter. 
 
 1840.— Benjamin Brown, Robert Denniston, William S. Little. 
 
 1841 .—Gideon W. Cock, Lewis Cuddeback, Robert Sly. 
 
 1842.— Stacey Beakes, B..bert Lawson, Roswell Mead. 
 
 1843.— Leonard Lee, John W. Marlin, John Van Duzer. 
 
 1844.— Leonard Lee, Davnl II. Smith, George W. Tuthill. 
 
 1845.— John Brooks, Thornton 51 Niven, Richard JL Tnlhill, Jr. 
 
 1846.— William L. Benedi,:t, Wilkin Seacord, Robert R. Thompson. 
 
 1847.— Joseph Davis, William C. Ha.sbrouok, Hudson M,:Farlan. 
 
 1848.1f— Stephen Rapalje, George Houston, Augustus P. Thompson 
 
 1849.-David C. Bull, David H. Moffat, Jr., Maurice Hoyt. 
 
 1850.-William Graham, Albert G. Owen, Daniel Fullerton, Daniel T. 
 Durland.** 
 
 1851.— Oliver Belknap, Phineas Rnmsey, Milton Barnes. 
 
 1852.— Hugh B. Bull, James B. Stevens, Abm. J. Cuddeback. 
 
 1853.— Thomas Fulton, Hudson Webb, Ethan B. Carpenter. 
 1854.-Charles U. Cnshman, Charles M. Thompson, Andrew J. Mills. 
 1855.— Joel T. Hoadley, Samuel Beyea, James Bennett. 
 1850.— Isaac Wood, William W. Reeve, Andrew J. Mills. 
 1857.— James B. Dickson, George B. Cox, Erastus Stickney. 
 1858.— Stephen \V. Fullerton, Charles J. Stevenson. 
 1859.— James H. Malleiy, Joseph Davis. 
 I860.— Peter C. Regan, Harvey B. Caldwell. 
 1861.— Stephen W. Fullcit..n, Jr., Milton Barnes. 
 1802.— Daniel R. Hudson, John Van Etten, Jr. 
 1803.— John D. Van Bnren, Charles S. Woodward. 
 1804.— Nathaniel W. Howell, Charles S. Woodward. 
 1805.— Ananias B. Hulse, Theodore H. Cooper. 
 1866.- Frederick Bodine, George W. Millspaugh. 
 1867.— Lewis B. Halsey, Geoige W. Millspaugh. 
 1868.- William C. H. Sherman, John H. Reeve. 
 1869 —J. C. Bancroft Davis, Thomas J. Lyon. 
 1870.- Udell S. Hathaway, Thomas J. Lyon. 
 1871.— Robeit H. Strahan, Isaac V. Montanye. 
 1872.— Robert H. Strahan, Frank Abbott. 
 1873.— Augustus Denniston, Frank Abbott. 
 1874.— Augustus Denniston, Charles B. Wood. 
 1875.- James W. Miller, Joseph D.' Friend. 
 1876.-Thomas W. Biadlcy, John H. Reeve. 
 
 1877.-Jaraes G. Graham, Stewart T. Durland, John D. Benedict.ft 
 1878.— James G. Graham, James W. Hoyt. 
 
 *>«..iers.-Jolin Hathorn, 1781; Andrew McCord, 1807; Jas. W. Wilkin 
 1808 ; William Ross, 1814; William C. Hasbronck, 1847. 
 
 AD.MINI,STII.\T1VE OFFICERS. 
 Cadwallader Colden, Acting Governor, 1760-62, 1763-70. 
 George Clinton, Governor, 1777-95, 1801-4. 
 DeWitt Clinton, Governor, 1824-28. 
 William H. Seward, Governor, 1839-43. 
 George Clinton, Vice-President, 1804-12. 
 
 MEMBERS OF COUNCIL OF APPOINTMENT. 
 
 Date. District. Name. Residence. 
 
 '■'''' Middle. Jesse Woodhull. Cornwall. -^ 
 
 1781-88... " Arthur Parks. Montgomery. 
 
 1'89 " John Hathorn. 
 
 Warwick. 
 
 IF By Assembly districts— names in order of district. 
 
 ** Contestant awarded seat. 
 
 tt Elected to fill vacancy in place of Durland, deceased. 
 
ORANGE COUNTY CIVIL LIST. 
 
 205 
 
 Date. District. Name. Residence. 
 
 1794 Middle. Reuben Hopkins. Goslien. 
 
 1802 " James W. Wilkin. Goshen. 
 
 1807 " James Burt. W.-iiwick. 
 
 ISll-l.'i... " James \V. Wilkin. Goshen. 
 
 1816-19... " William Ross. Newhnlgh. 
 
 One senator from each of the four senatorial dis- 
 tricts formed, with the Governor presiding, a council 
 of appointment, under the constitution of 1777. All 
 military, civil, and judicial officers, not excepted by 
 the constitution, were appointed by this body. It 
 was abolished by the constitution of 1821. 
 
 RE(JENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 
 1783, Henry Wisner, Goshen ; 1783, James Clinton, New WiTidsor ; 1787, 
 Kev. Nathan Kerr, Goshen ; 1787, Rev. Andrew King, Montgomery. 
 
 .SriiVEYORS-GEXEKAL. 
 1720, Cadwallader Golden, Coldenham; 1751, Cadwallader Golden, Col- 
 denham ; , Alexander Golden, Nevvburgh ; 1762, Alexander Col- 
 den, Newburgh ; 1842, Nathaniel Jones, Newburgh. 
 
 CANAL COMMISSIONER. 
 
 1844, Nathaniel Jones, Newbnrgh. 
 
 INSPECTORS OF STATE PRISONS. 
 
 1840, Hudson McFarlari, Monroe; 1843, Thornton M. Niven, Newburgh ; 
 1845, Benjamin H. Maee, Newburgh. 
 
 MASTER OP CHANCERY. 
 17211, Cadwallader Golden, Coldenham. 
 
 MASTERS AND EXAMINERS IN CHANCERY. 
 1811, William Ross; 1830, Albert S. Benton, Goshen; John B. Booth, 
 Goshen ; Jame.s G. Cliuton, Newburgh ; Alexander C. Mulliner, New- 
 burgh ; Charles Monell, Goshen ; Theodore S. Fisk, Newburgh ; James 
 G, Clinton, Newbnrgh. 
 
 PUISNE JUSTICE SUPREME COURT. 
 1847, Thomas McKissock, Newbnrgh. 
 
 JUDGK CIRCUIT COURT. 
 1828, Samuel K. Betts, Newburgh. 
 
 JUSTICES OP SUPREME COURT. 
 
 1849-57, John W. Brown, Newburgh ; 1867, William Fullerton, New- 
 burgh ; appointed. 
 
 JUDGES OF COURT OF COMMON PLEAS. 
 The Court of Common Pleas was established in 
 1691, and had jurisdiction similar to the present 
 County Court. Until 1821 it was composed of a vari- 
 able number of judges. After 1821, five judges were 
 appointed for each county, one of whom was desig- 
 nated a.^ first. 
 
 ORANGE COUNTY JUDGES. 
 1701, William Merritt; 170i, John Morritt; 1710, John Corbet; 1717, 
 Peter Haring ; 1717, Cornelius Haring; 1733, Vincent Matthews, 
 Cornwall ; 1735, James Jackson ; 1737, Viucent Matthews, Cornwall ; 
 1739, Abraham Peter Haring; 1749, Abraham Hariug, Jr.; 1769, 
 Michael Jackson, Goshen ; 1774, John Haring ; 1775, John Coe; 1778, 
 John Haring; 1788, William Thompson, Goshen. 
 
 ULSTER COUNTY JUDGES. 
 
 1749, Charles Clinton, New Wiudsor; 1774, Cadwallader Golden, Jr., Col- 
 denham. 
 
 PRESENT COUNTY OF ORANGE. 
 
 1807, Nathan H. White, First; 1823, Samuel S. .Seward, First; 18.33, Gil- 
 bert O. Fowler, First; 1836, Horace W. Elliott, First ; 1841, Goldsmith 
 Deniiiston, First; 1840, Allen M.Sherman, First; 1798, Jonathan 
 Hasbrouck, Newburgh; 1802, George Gardner, Newburgh; 1807, 
 John Barber, Montgomery ; 1808, Andrew Graham, Montgomery, 
 Anthony Davis, Goshen, Daniel Birdsall, Newbnrgh; 1809, James 
 
 Finch, Jr., Mount Hope ; 1810, John Bradner, Goshen, Riibert Arm- 
 strong, Warwick, Jonathan Conley, Newburgh ; 1811, William Bodle, 
 ]\Iontgoniery; 1812, Isaac Belknap, Jr., Newburgh; 1814, Williauk 
 A. Clark, , George D. W'iekhani, Goshen, Francis Crawford, New- 
 burgh ; 1815, John Blake, Jr., Montgomery, Samuel S. Seward, War- 
 wick, Joseph Morrell, New Windsor, Alexander Koss, Newburgh ; 
 1818, Stephen Jackson, Goshen ; 1821, William Thompson, Goshen, 
 Daniel Tooker, Newburgh ; 1823, Solomon Sleight, Newburgh, Da- 
 vid M. Westcott, Goshen ; 1824, John Hallock, Jr., Minisink ; 1826, 
 
 Isaac Jennings, ; 1828, Gilbert 0. Fowler, Newburgh; 1830, 
 
 John B. Booth, Goshen : 1831, Nathaniel P. Hill, Montgomery ; 1832, 
 Horace W. Elliott, Goshen; 1833, Nathaniel Jones, Warwick ; 1834, 
 Robert Deuniston, Blooming-Grove, Unlet Clark, Minisink ; 1836, 
 James G. ClintoTi, Newburgh; 1838, Miles Hughes, ; 1S40, Jo- 
 seph R. Andrews, , Stephen W. Fullerton, Mount Hope, James 
 
 D. Bull, ; 1843, Gideon W. Cock, ; 1844, Frederick A. Hoyt, 
 
 Gosheu ; 1845, John Sutton, Warwick, Joseph Slaughter, Scotchtown. 
 
 The first session of the court in Orange County 
 was held at Orangetown, April 28, 1808. Present: 
 William Merritt and John Merritt, judges. Sessions 
 were first held in Goshen in 1727. 
 
 JUDGES OF COUNTY COURTS. 
 
 1847, David W. Bate ; 1851, John G. Wilkin; 1855, Benjamin F.Duryea; 
 1859, John J. Monell ; 1863, David F. Gedney ; 1867, Thomas George ; 
 1871, Stephen W. Fullerton ; 1877, Charles F. Brown. 
 
 SPECIAL COUNTY JUDGES. 
 , Johu G.Wilkin; 1862, Robert Proudiit, Jr. ; 1855, Charles Bor- 
 land; 1856, James W.Taylor; 1859, E. Gedney Van Duzer; 1861, 
 James W. Taylor, George W. Greene ; 1864, J. Hallock Drake ; 1866, 
 Jamee W.Taylor; 1869, William J. Groo; 1872, Therou H. Little; 
 1875, Michael H. Hirschberg. 
 
 SURROGATES. 
 ORANGE COUNTY. 
 1727, Henry Ludlow; 1750, Court of Common Pleas; 1754, William 
 Finu; 1759, John Gale, Goshen; 1762, Edward Smith; 1778, Benja- 
 min Tusten, Jr., Goshen ; 1779, James Everett,* Goshen. 
 
 ULSTER COUNTY. 
 1765, George Clinton, New Windsor; 1785, Arthur Parks, Montgomery 
 Henry Wisner, Wallkill. 
 
 PRESENT COUNTY OF ORANGE. 
 1815, Edward Ely; 1820, .Tob Noble; 1821, Edward Ely; 1823, Wheeler 
 Case; 1827, Daniel 11. Tuthill ; 1831, John B. Booth: 1840, Georgo 
 M. Grier; 1844, Charles Borland; 1847, Benjamin F. Duryea; 1851, 
 James W. Fowler; 1855, John C. McCounell ; 1859, David A. Scott; 
 1867, Gilbert 0. Hulse ; 1871-77, Heury A. Wadsworth. 
 
 SPECIAL SURROGATES. 
 1855, Charles Borland; 1859, Frederick A. Tloyt; 1867, John V. D. Ben- 
 edict; 1870, Henry C. Duryea; 1872, Daniel E. Pope ; 1873, John P. 
 Sears; 1877, John B. Sweezey. 
 
 DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. 
 1818, Samuel R. Betts; 1820, Henry G. Wisner ; 1823, Ogden Hoffman; 
 1826, Charles Borland; 1829, Isaac R. Van Duzer; 1835, Samuel J. 
 Wilkin; 1835, Cliarles Borland, Jr.; 1841, Nathan Westcott; 1847, 
 Hugh B. Bull; 1850, Charles H. Winfield ; 1866, David F. Gedney : 
 1859, Charles C. McQuold ; 1802, Abram S. Cassedy ; 1865, J. Hallock 
 Drake; 1868, Stephen W. Fullerton; 1871, Lewis E. Carr ; 1874, 
 Charles P. Brown ; 1877, Walter C. Anthony. 
 
 COUNTY CLERKS. 
 ORANGE COUNTY. 
 1691, Dirck Storm ; 1703, William Huddleston ; 1721, Gerardus Clowes; 
 1723, Thomas Pullen ; 1726, Vincent Matthews, Cornwall ; 1735, Ga- 
 
 * James Everett appears to have held the office until 1815. The first 
 records in the surrogate's office were made by him. The»first letters of 
 administration issued by hira were to Hannah Townseod, of the precinct 
 of Goshen, administratrix of Peter Townsend, May 30, 1787. The first 
 will recorded is that of Samuel Moffat, of Cornwall, June 27, 1787. 
 
206 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 liriel Lu.llow, Jr. ; 1736, Vincent Matthews; 1763, David Matthews, 
 Coruwall : 1704, Reuben Ilopliins, Goshen, 
 
 ULSTER COUNTY. 
 
 1750, George Cliiituu, N'ew Windsor. 
 
 PRESENT COUNTY OK ORANGE. 
 
 1799, Tliomas Moffat ; 181 1, Heury G. Wisner ; 181.5, Davi.l M. Westcott; 
 1810, .lames W. Wilkin ; 1821, Davi.l M. Westcott; 1823, .\sa Dun- 
 ning; 1S;H, Leljlius L. Vail : 1838, Albert S. Benton ; 1840, Lebbius 
 L. Vail ; 1843. John C. Wallace ; 1840, Albert S. Beuton ; 1S4G, Joseph 
 W. GotI; 1840, Nathan Westcott; 1853, Charles Drake; 1858, David 
 C. Wiiifleld: ISOJ, Moses D. Stivere ; 181,7, Lewis Cuddeback ; 1870, 
 William E. JIapes; 1874, William E. Mapes; 1870, John A. Wal- 
 lace; 1870, Charles B. Gra.v. 
 
 SHERIFFS. 
 ORANGE COUNTY. 
 1685, Minnie Johannes : 109O, Floris Willemse Crom ;* 1004, Stanley 
 Handcock, New York ; 1090, John Peterson; 1700, Tennis Donisen; 
 1702, John Perry ; 1706, Jeremiah CanilT; 170S, Cornelius Cnjper; 
 1709, Cornelius Haring; 171.>i, Timothy tial.l.ail; 1719, Thonuis 
 Husk; 1730, William Pullen ; 1737, Michael lluioiiiig, Goshen; 
 1739, Thaddens Snediker; 1747, Joseph Sackctt, Cornwall ; 1750, 
 -Jonathan Lawrence, Cornwall ; 1758, Daniel Everett, Goshen ; 1761, 
 Daniel Denton, Goshen; 1704, Jesse Woodhull, Cornwall; 1772, 
 ,y' James .^latliews, Cornwall ; 1772, Jesse Woodhull, Cornwall; 1777, 
 Isaac Nicoll, Goshen; 1781, Wiriiam W. Thompson, Goshen ; 1785, 
 Hezekiah Howell, Cornwall ; 1780, Thom.as Waters, Goshen ; 1703, 
 Benj. Jackson, Goshen ; 1707, Thomas Waters, Goshen. 
 
 ULSTER COUNTY. 
 1752, Richani .\lbertson, Newburgh ; 1774, Thomas Colden, Newburgh; 
 1793, Benjamin Sears, Montgomery ; 1794, Levi Dodge, Newburgh. 
 
 PRESENT COUNTY OF ORANGE. 
 1802, John Blake, Montgomery; 1801, John Blake, Jr., Montgomery; 
 1805, William A. Clarke; 1800, Benjamin Strong; 1810, John G. 
 Hurliri; 1811, Benjamin Strong; 1813, Benjamin Sears, Montgom- 
 ery ; 1815, Thomas S. Lockwood, Newburgh ; 1810, Moses D. Burnet, 
 New Windsor; 1821, Nathaniel P. Hill, Montgomery; 1822, Amzi 
 L. Ball ; 1825, Stacey Beakes, Wallkill ; 1628. Joshua Conger, Mont- 
 gomery; 1S31, James Hulee; 1834, Charles Niven, Newburgh ; 1837, 
 Edward L. Welling, Warwick ; 1840, David Sease. Crawfoid ; 1843, 
 Adam H. Sinsahaugh ; 1840, Edward L. Welling, Warwick ; 1849, 
 John Van Etten, Jr., Deerpark ; 1852, Adam Lilburn, Newburgh; 
 1855, Wm. H.Houston; 185s, John Cowdrey, Warwick ; lsfil,Benj. 
 Hanmore, Newburgh ; 1804, Geo. A. Denniston, New Windsor ; 1867, 
 Daniel Van Sickle, Goshen ; 1870, Chits. H. Weygant, Newburgh ; 
 1873, James W. Ib.yt, Wallkill; 1870, Reuben E. Carr, DeeriJark; 
 1879, Benj. B. Odell, Newburgh. 
 
 COUNTY TREASUKEKSf 
 
 1848, Ambrose S. Murray, Goshen; 1851, Benjamin F. Edsall, Goshen ; 
 1W4, William M. Graham, Middletown; 1860, Richard M. Vail, 
 Coshen; 1863, Heury S. Beakes, Middletown ; 1806-09, Charles J. 
 Everett, Goshen ; 1S75, William S. Murray, Goshen ; 1S70, William 
 E. Mapes, Goshen. 
 
 COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS. 
 
 1843, Jacob C. Tooker, Montgomery ; Horace K. Stewart, Miuisink; 1845, 
 Alexander Johnson, Newburgh ; Horace K. Stewart, Slinisink. 
 
 SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 Dist 1, Alexander Beattie, George K. Smith, David .\. Morrison, Charles 
 W. Gedney, Jonathan Sillinian, James M. Monell ; Dist. 2, George 
 W. Greene, Harvey H. Clark, John J. Barr, Benjamin F. Hill, John 
 W. Slauson, Asa Morehouse, Oliver N. Goldsmith. 
 
 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. 
 Tlie couiity business now transacted by Boards of 
 Supervisors was originally in charge of justices of the 
 peace. Section 2 of act passed Oct. 18, 1701, pro- 
 vided — 
 
 * Crom waa the first man who was married in the county. 
 
 f Until 1848 appointed hy Board of Supelvisors. 
 
 That the justices of the peace of the respective counties of this prov- 
 ince, or any five or more of them, two whereof to be a quorum, shall 
 once in the year, at a Court of General or Special Sessions, supervise, ex- 
 amine, and allow the public and necessary charge of their respective 
 county, and of every town thereof; part of which, the allowance made 
 by law to their representative or representatives, shall be deemed and 
 accounted to be; and upon examination and allowance of the said ac- 
 counts they, or the major part of them, as aforesaid, are hereby em- 
 powered to issue their warrant to the several towns in said county, under 
 their hands and seals, or the hands and seals of the major part of them, 
 for the chnsing and electing of two assessors and one collector, in each 
 of their towns or county, for the assessing of the sum or sums of money 
 so allowed by the justices aforesaid." 
 
 For neglect of the duties here specified, justices 
 were liable to a fine of fifty pounds, and collectors and 
 assessor.s to a fine of twenty pounds. The justices 
 were also empowered to appoint and elect a treasurer 
 " for their respective county," and to ]irovide for the 
 support of the pour. In the county clerk's office may 
 be found, in the fir.^t book of records, the proceedings 
 of the justices of Orange acting as supervisors. The 
 session was held April 27, 1703. Present: William 
 Merritt, John Merritt, Cornelius Cuyper, Tennis Van 
 Houghton, Thomas Burroughs, and Michael Hawdon, 
 justices; and, as the court proceedings were also 
 held, John Perry, high sheriflT, William Huddleston, 
 clerk, and Conradt Hanson, constable, were in at- 
 tendance. The record is indorsed : " Register kept 
 for Orange County, begune ye 5th day of April!, Ano, 
 Dm. 1703." The following was the county tax levied: 
 
 f s, a. 
 
 " That the Queen's tax is 22 10 
 
 The }/r,of the clerk's salary 3 10 
 
 Toward payment of a book 6 
 
 Toward furnishing ye county goal 2 10 
 
 Toward pound for cattle 1 10 
 
 To be levied in all 30 6 6" 
 
 The election of supervisors was authorized by act 
 of the Assembly in 1703, as stated in a previous chap- 
 ter (Chapter III.). The oath of office which they 
 were required to take was somewhat different from 
 that of the present. It was as follows : 
 
 " I, , do swear I will not pass any accouut, or article thereof, 
 
 wherewith I do not think the county justly chargeable, nor will I dis- 
 allow any account, or any article thereof, wherewith I think the county 
 justly chargeable. So help me God." 
 
 The names of supervisors, so far as they can now 
 be ascertained, will be found in connection with the 
 towns which they represented. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 TOWN BOUNDARIES. 
 
 Thk towns composing the county at its reorganiza- 
 tion (1748) were given their boundaries under the 
 act of April 3, 1801. These boundaries, and those of 
 the towns subsequently organized, are given in con- 
 nection witli a brief summary of the facts in Chapter 
 III., in regard to prior organization, viz. : 
 
 Blooming-Grove — formed from Cornwall, March 
 23, 1779. Boundaries, 1801: "All that part of the 
 
TOWN BOUNDARIES. 
 
 207 
 
 county of Orange beginning in the south bounds of 
 the town of New Windsor at the northeast corner of 
 a tract of land commonly called Van Dam's Patent, 
 and then along the east bounds of the said patent to 
 the southeast corner thereof, thence along the south 
 bounds of the said tract to the foot of the said Sugar- 
 loaf Mountain, and then an east course to the bounds 
 of Blooming-Grove."' 
 
 Warwick — formed from the precinct of Goshen, 
 March 7, 1788. Boundaries, 1801 : " All that jiart of 
 the said county of Orange bounded easterly by Chese- 
 cocks and Blooming-Grove, southerly by the State of 
 New Jersey, westerly by the middle of the Wallkill, 
 and northerly by Goshen." 
 
 MixisiNK — formed from the precinct of Goshen, 
 March 7, 1788. Boundaries, 1801 : " All that part of 
 the said county of Orange bounded easterly by the 
 middle of the Wallkill, southerly by New Jersey, 
 westerly by the Delaware River,* and northerly by 
 the towns of Wallkill and Deerpark." 
 
 New Windsor — formed from the precinct of High- 
 lands, Dec. 11, 1762 ; erected as a town March 7, 1788. 
 Boundaries, 1801 : " All that part of the said county 
 of Orange bounded easterly by the middle of Hud- 
 son's River, southerly by an east and west line from 
 the mouth of Murderer's Creek, and westerly and 
 northerly by a line beginning at the west side of Hud- 
 son's River at the mouth of Quassaick Creek, and 
 running from thence along the south bounds of a 
 tract of land commonly called German Patent and 
 the southerly bounds of a tract of land granted to 
 Alexander Baird and Company to the east bounds of 
 two thousand acres of land granted to Cadwallader 
 Colden, and then across the same to the most north- 
 erly corner of the land granted to Patrick Hume, and 
 thence along the westerly bounds thereof to the lands 
 granted to Patrick McKnight, and then along the 
 same southeasterly and southwesterly to the southerly 
 corner thereof, and then continuing the last-men- 
 tioned line to the town of Blooming-Grove so as to 
 include the lands formerly of Fletclier Matthews." 
 
 Neavburgh — formed from the precinct of High- 
 lands, Dec. 11, 1762 ; erected as a town March 7, 1788. 
 Boundaries, 1801 : " All that part of the said county 
 of Orange bounded easterly by the middle of Hud- 
 sou's River, southerly by New Windsor, westerly by 
 the east bounds of the tract of land granted to Cad- 
 wallader Colden, and the east bounds of one thousand 
 acres of land granted to John Johnson, and the east 
 bounds of three thousand acres of land granted to 
 Henry Wileman, and the east bounds of three thou- 
 sand five hundred acres of land granted to Rip Van 
 Dam and others, and northerly by a line beginning 
 on the west side of Hudson's River at the northeast 
 corner of a tract of land granted to Francis Harrison 
 and Company, called the five-thousand-acre tract, 
 
 * The section lying on the Delaware, west of the Shawanguuk Moun- 
 tains, was attached to Deerpark by act of Feb. 15, 1825. (See Mount 
 Hope.) 
 
 and running from thence east to the middle of Hud- 
 son's River, and westerly along the north bounds of 
 the said tract and the north bounds of another tract 
 granted to the said Francis Harrison to the tract of 
 land commonly called Wallace's Tract, then along 
 the lines of the same northerly and westerly to the 
 northeasterly bounds of a. tract of land granted to 
 Jacobus Kip, John Cruger, aud others, commonly 
 called Kip and Cruger's Tract, then we.sterly along 
 the northeasterly and northerly bounds thereof to the 
 northwest corner thereof, and then westerly to the 
 northeast corner of the said tract of three thousand 
 five hundred acres of land granted to Rip Van Dam 
 and others." 
 
 Wallkill — formed from the precinct of Wallkill, 
 March 24, 1772 ; erected as a town, March 7, 1788. 
 Boundaries, 1801 : " All that part of the said county 
 of Orange bounded easterly by New Windsor,! south- 
 erly by a west line from the mouth of Murderer's 
 Creek, westerly by Shawangunk Kill, and northerly 
 by the line commonly called the old northwest line." 
 Montgomery — formed from the precinct of Wall- 
 kill, under the name of the precinct of Hanover, 
 March 24, 1772 ; name changed to the precinct of 
 Montgomery, 1782 ; erected as a town, March 7, 1788. 
 Boundaries, 1801 : " All that part of the said county 
 of Orange bounded easterly by New Windsor and 
 Newburgh, southerly by the town of Wallkill, west- 
 erly by Shawangunk Kill,{ and northerly by a line 
 beginning at the northeast corner of a tract of three 
 thousand acres of land granted to Henry Wileman, 
 and running thence along the north bounds thereof 
 to the Paltz River, commonly called the Wallkill, 
 and then southerly up the same river to the southwest 
 corner of a tract of four thousand acres of land 
 gr^inted to Gerardus Beekman and others, and then 
 westerly and northerly along the southerly and west- 
 erly bounds thereof to the northwest corner thereof, 
 and then northwesterly along the north bounds of the 
 lands granted to Jeremiah Schuyler aud Company to 
 the Shawangunk Kill aforesaid." 
 
 Deerpark — formed from the precinct of Mag- 
 haghkemek ; subsequently included in the precinct 
 of Mamakating ; erected as a town, April 5, 1798. 
 Boundaries, 1801 : " All that part of the said county 
 of Orange beginning on the Siiawangunk Kill at the 
 southwest corner of the town of Wallkill,;* and run- 
 ning thence along the said kill, being the boundary 
 line of the said town of Wallkill, to the north part of 
 the farm now or lately occupied by Joseph Wood, Jr., 
 thence west to the river ilongaap, then along the said 
 river Mongaap as it runs to the Delaware River, then 
 along the said river to the town of Minisink, and 
 thence along the northern boundary of the said town 
 of Minisink to the place of beginning." 
 Crawford — formed from the town of Montgomery, 
 
 f Now by Ilaniptouburgh. X ^^w by Crawford, 
 
 g Now the southeast coruer of Mount Hope. 
 
208 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 March 4, 1823. Boundaries: "All that part of the 
 town of Montgomery, in the county of Orange, lying 
 west of a certain line, beginning on the line between 
 the town of Wallkill, in said county, and the town 
 of Montgomery aforesaid ; at the southwest corner of 
 a tract of five thousand acres of land, called the five- 
 thousand-acre patent, and- running thence northeast 
 on the southwest side of the said five-thousand-acre 
 patent, to the southwest corner of the tract of ten 
 thousand acres of land, called the ten -thousand-acre 
 patent ; thence northwardly, on the west side of the 
 said ten-thousand-acre patent, till it strikes the centre 
 of a turnpike road leading from the village of Mont- 
 gomery to the falls of the Neversink River, called the 
 'Orange and Ulster Branch Turnpike Ro.ad;' thence 
 northwardly, on a direct line, to a small bridge erected 
 across the old stage-road leading from the village of 
 Montgomery, in the county of Orange, to the village 
 of Kingston, in the county of Ulster, near the west 
 end of the house now owned and occupied by Adam 
 Dickerson, in the said town of Montgomery; thence 
 northwardly, from the said bridge on the centre of the 
 old stage-road, until it intersects the line between the 
 said town of Montgomery and the town of Shawan- 
 gunk, in the county of Ulster." The first town- 
 meeting was held at the house of Edward Schoon- 
 maker. 
 
 Mount Hope— formed as the town of Calhoun, 
 from the towns of Wallkill and Deerpark, Feb. 15, 
 1825;* name changed to Mount Hope, March 14, 
 1833. Boundaries, 1825: "All that part of the town of 
 Deerpark lying southeasterly of the before-mentioned 
 line (see note), and that part of the town of Wallkill 
 within the following bounds, to wit : beginningat the 
 easterly corner of the town of Deerpark, and at the 
 southeasterly corner of the county of Sullivan, and 
 runs thence due east to the easterly line of the Deer- 
 park Patent, thence along said line to the town of 
 Minisink, thence west to the town of Deerpark, to be 
 a separate town, by the name of Calhoun, and the 
 first town-meeting to lie held at the house of Joseph 
 Conklin, in said town." 
 
 Hamptonburgh — formed from Goshen, Blooming- 
 
 * This act is entitled " An act to divide tlie towns of Wallliill, Minisink, 
 and Deerpark." That part relating to Minisink and Deerpark is as fol- 
 lows : " Tliat from and after the passage of this act, all tliat part of tlie 
 towns of Minisink and Deerpark, lying westerly and nortli westerly of the 
 following lines, to wit : Ijpgiiining on the line of the town of Deerpark, 
 and tlie line of the connty of Siilhvan, where Die west line of tlie second 
 division of the Minisink Patent crosses tlie same , tiience southwesterly 
 along the said west line of second division of the Minisink Patent to the 
 old Jersey claim line and southwesterly corner of said division ; thence 
 fioutlierly along said Jersey claim line thirty chains ; thence southwest- 
 erly through the town of Minisink to the New Jersey State line, to 
 strike or intersect tlie same one hundred chains from tlie Delaware 
 Klver, at Station or Carpenter's Point, to be a separate town, by the name 
 of Deerpark, and that tlie first tQwn-nieetiiig beheld at the house of Cor- 
 nelius Cuddeback, in said town, on tlie first Tuesday of March next 
 (1826) ; and all that part of the town of Minisink lying southeasterly of 
 said line be and remain a separate town, by the name of Minisink, 
 and that the first town-meeting be held at the bouse of Gabriel Sayre, 
 in said town." 
 
 Grove, New Windsor, Montgomery, and WallkilU 
 April 5, 1830. Boundaries : " Beginning at a point 
 where the new northwest line crosses the old county 
 line and runs thence along said new northwest line 
 south forty-nine and a quarter degrees east, two hun- 
 dred and eighty chains to within twenty-five chains 
 of the southeast corner of the Bull's and Gerard's 
 Patents ; then north sixty and a half degrees east, 
 three hundred and twenty-two chains to a heap of 
 stones in Samuel Brewster's field ; then north seven- 
 teen degrees east, thirty-si.x chains and seventy-five' 
 links to the aforesaid old county line ; then north six- 
 
 1 teen and a half degrees west, one hundred and ninety 
 chains to the northwesterly corner of the farm of 
 Stephen King, deceased ; then north fifty-six and a 
 
 j quarter degrees west, two hundred and thirty chains 
 to the middle of the AVallkill stream; then up the 
 middle of said Wallkill as it runs four hundred and 
 seventy-three chains and fifty links to opjiosite a bass- 
 wood-tree standing on the east branch of said Wall- 
 kill stream ; then south fifteen and a half degrees 
 east, ninet)'-five chains to the aforesaid old county 
 line, and at the corner of the lands of Grant and 
 Derick Smith, Nathaniel Tuthill, and the lands for- 
 merly owned by Isaac Germond ; then east along said 
 old county line seventy-one chains to the place of 
 beginning." First town-meeting held at the house of 
 Charles Heard on the first Tuesday in .4pril, 1831. 
 
 Chester — formed from Goshen, Warwick, Bloom- 
 ing-Grove, and Monroe, March 22, 184.). Bounda- 
 ries : " Beginning on the line between the towns of 
 Goshen and Blooming-Grove, near a brook at the 
 intersection of the line of Cromeline's Patent with 
 the aforesaid line, and running thence along said 
 town line north four degrees east, twenty-two chains, 
 then south twenty-three degrees west, one hundred 
 and twelve chains to a chestnut-tree ; then south fifty- 
 five degrees west, three hundred and twenty chains 
 to the line between the towns of Goshen and War- 
 wick at the creek below Thompson's mills ; thence 
 south twenty-five degrees east, one hundred and 
 ninety -five chains to a heap of stones; thence soutii 
 forty-seven degrees east, three hundred and forty-six 
 chains to the line between the towns of Warwick and 
 Monroe; thence north thirty-two degrees east, one 
 hundred and sixty-six chains to the junction of three 
 roads near the head of Little Long Pond ; thence 
 north nine degrees east, two hundred and thirty-five 
 chains to four chestnut-trees ; thence north twenty- 
 one degrees west, two hundred and twenty chains to 
 the place of beginning." The first town-meeting at 
 the house of Benjamin R. Conklin on the first Tues- 
 day in April, 1845. 
 
 Wawayanda — formed from Minisink, by the 
 Board of Supervisors, Nov. 27, 1849. Boundaries: 
 " All that part of the town of Minisink, in the said 
 county of Orange, commencing on the old Ulster 
 County line and in the centre of the Wallkill River, 
 also in the line of the town of Wallkill, and runs 
 
TOWN BOUNDARIES. 
 
 209 
 
 near due west to the corner of the town of Mount 
 Hope and Wallkill ; thence along tlie same course 
 twenty-four chains and seventy-five links to the centre 
 of the highway leading from Ketchum's Mills to 
 Mount Hope village ; thence south thirty-seven de- 
 grees west, tvventy-one chains along the highway ; 
 thence south along the same forty and one-half de- 
 grees west, twenty-five chains and fifty links; thence 
 south sixty-five chains to an old road near Robert 
 Robertson's ; thence along the same south forty-four 
 degrees west, twenty chains; thence south thirty-five 
 degrees west, fifteen chains and fifty» links; thence 
 south forty-three and a half degrees west, sixteen 
 chains and fifty links; thence south fifty-two degrees 
 west, fii'ty-six chains along the road leading through 
 the Milford neighborhood ; thence along said road 
 south sixty-two and one-quarter degrees west, thirty- 
 six chains to Robert Robertson's, Jr. ; thence south 
 forty degrees east, twenty-two chains; thence south 
 SIX and a half degrees east, thirteen chains to the old 
 Minisink turnpike ; thence across the same south 
 forty-eight and three-quarter degrees east, twenty-two 
 chains; thence south forty-three and three-quarter 
 degrees east, twenty-four chains to William Canfield's ; 
 thence south twenty-seven three-quarter degrees east, 
 six chains; thence south fifty-eight and a half de- 
 grees east, thirty-eight chains to the bridge across the 
 branch at Rutger's Kill ; thence along the said 
 (branch) stream to its intersection with Rutger's 
 Kill; thence along Rutger's Kill to the Wallkill 
 River, and thence following the same to the jjlace of 
 beginning." First town-meeting at house of De Witt 
 C. Hallock. 
 
 Greenville — formed from Minisink, by the 
 Board of Supervisors, Dec. 2, 18.53. Boundaries : 
 " All that part of the town of Minisink which lies 
 west of a line between the towns of Minisink and 
 Wawayanda, which is about twelve chains northwest 
 of the dwelling-house of William Canfield, said sta- 
 tion being twenty-five links northwest of the centre 
 of an arched stone bridge across said road to said 
 Canfield's, and running thence south forty-eight de- 
 
 grees west, four hundred and twenty-eight chains and 
 fifty links to a station on the south line of the town 
 of Minisink, which station is a black-oak-tree on 
 the line between the States of New York and New 
 Jersey, on the east side of the highway leading to 
 the village of Salem from the house of John W. 
 Elston." 
 
 HlGHLANHS — formed from Cornwall, by the Board 
 of Supervisors, Dec. 3, 1872. Boundaries : " All that 
 part of the town of Cornwall lying to the south of a 
 line drawn from Sherwood's Rock, on Hudson's River, 
 running thence westerly to a house now or recently 
 occupied by William Lancaster; thence in a direct 
 line to the house of William Chatfield ; thence to the 
 house of John Odell ; thence to the highest peak of 
 Mount Rascal to the line of the town of Monroe." 
 
 City of Newburgh — chartered by the Legislature 
 as the village of Newburgh, March 25, 1800; as the 
 city of Newburgh, April 22, 186.5. Boundaries, 1872: 
 " Beginning at the mouth of Chamber's Creek, on the 
 west side of the Hudson River, and at the northeast 
 corner of the town of New Windsor, and runs thence 
 along the north line of the town of New Windsor to 
 an old oak-tree on the west slope of Snake Hill, and 
 twenty-two chains measured eastwardly along the 
 town line from the east line of the reservoir lot; 
 tliencc in a straight line through lands of estates of 
 W. Chapman, G. F. Wisner, and others, to the inter- 
 section of the Gidneytown Creek with the west side 
 of the road leading from the Newburgh and Ellen- 
 ville plank road to Gidney Avenue ; thence north- 
 wardly along said creek to a point due west from the 
 northwest corner of the village of Newburgh ; from 
 thence eastwardly to the said northwest corner of the 
 village of Newburgh ; and from thence eastwardly 
 along the north line of the village of Newburgh to 
 the west side of the Hudson River; thence due east 
 to the east line of the county of Orange, being the 
 centre of said river ; thence southerly along the east 
 line of the county of Orange to a point due east from 
 the place of beginning, and from thence to the place 
 of beginning." 
 
TOWN HISTOEIES. 
 
 NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 I.-GENERAIi. 
 LOCATION, PHYSIOLOGY, Etc. 
 
 New Windsoe, originally the extreme southeast- 
 ern precinct and town of the county of Ulster, and, 
 under the reorganization of the counties of Orange 
 and Ulster in 1799, the central northeastern town of 
 the county of Orange, is bounded on the north by the 
 city and town of Newburgh and the town of Mont- 
 gomery, on the west by Montgomery and Hampton- 
 burgh, on the south by Blooming-Grove and Cornwall, 
 and on the east by Hudson's River. Substantially in 
 the same latitude, and of corresponding elevation, its 
 mean temperature may be accepted as the same as 
 that (jf Newburgh, viz. : 50° 10'. The surface of the 
 town is rolling and hilly. The soil from the Hudson 
 to Muchattoes Hill is gravelly ; more immediately 
 adjoining the Hudson deposits of clay underlie the 
 sand. The southern spur of Muchattoes Hill is rough 
 and hilly. West from this ridge and until near Rock 
 Tavern, a rolling upland prevails, while the extreme 
 western part is more or less broken by slate ridges. 
 Muchattoes Hill, or Snake Hill, as it is more gener- 
 ally called, on its northern border, the only consider- 
 able elevation in the town, rises six hundred feet 
 above tide-water. The creeks and streams are Mur- 
 derer's or Moodna, Silver Stream and Beaver-dam, 
 Goldsmith and Colemantown Creeks. Quassaick 
 Creek constitutes a portion of the northern boundary 
 of the town, and gives to it several valuable mill 
 privileges. Its marsh or swamp land is the Big 
 Swamp, in the northwestern part of the town. Wash- 
 ington Lake, for many years known as Little Pond, 
 lies midway on the northern border; it has an eleva- 
 tion of two hundred and thirty feet, and covers, in- 
 cluding overflowed swamp, an area of one hundred 
 and seven acres. The Newburgh water-works take 
 its waters, as well as the waters of Silver Stream, 
 with which it is connected by conduit. The princi- 
 pal agricultural products are rye, wheat, corn, oats, 
 hay, butter, and milk ; paper, woolen goods, and brick 
 are the almost exclusive manufactures, although mill- 
 ing, cotton goods, snutl' and tobacco, and iron imple- 
 ments and glass, have at different times been prose- 
 210 
 
 cuted with more or less success. The local divisions 
 of the town are New Windsor village. Moodna or 
 'Orangeville, Vail's Gate or Mortonville, Little Brit- 
 ain, the Square, and Rock Tavern. Hunting-Grove, 
 a division so called in its early history, is now in 
 Hamptouburgh. It has twelve school and joint school 
 districts, and five churches. The Newburgh Branch 
 of the Erie Railroad, and the Newburgh and New 
 York Railroad, pass through the eastern part of the 
 town. The town has an area of 20,871 acres, of which 
 about 17,500 are improved. Its population in 1790 
 was 1819; 1830,2310; 1865,2697; 1875,2455. 
 
 CIVIL ORGANIZATION— NAME. 
 
 The district of which the town now forms a part 
 had its first local government under the patent to 
 Capt. John Evans, who, being vested with the privi- 
 leges and powers pertaining to a lordship and manor, 
 had authority to establish a manorial court. In 1709 
 it was included in the " Precinct of the Highlands" 
 and attached to New Paltz. In 1743 more definite 
 founds were given to this precinct, which was made 
 to embrace the present towns of New Windsor, New- 
 burgh, Marlborough, Plattekill, etc. The precinct 
 meetings were held " at the house of John Humph- 
 rey, Jr., on the first Tuesday in April, annually, for 
 the election of precinct oflicers." In 1762 the pre- 
 cinct was divided into the precincts of New Windsor 
 and Newburgh, "by a line beginning at the mouth of 
 Quassaick Creek, and running thence west to the east 
 bounds of Wallkill Precinct," all the lands thereto- 
 fore comprehended " within the said Highland Pre- 
 cinct lying to the southward of the said dividing line 
 to be called by the name of New Windsor Precinct." 
 
 The name of the town is from Windsor, England, 
 with " New" prefixed. At what precise period or by 
 whom it was conferred cannot now be ascertained. 
 Its earliest record, however, is 1728, in connection 
 with the " Society for Propagating the Gospel in For- 
 eign Parts," in which connection it is employed to 
 define a specific portion of the district which, with 
 " parts adjacent," became the parish of New Wind- 
 sor. In 1755 it is spoken of as " the Southern Divis- 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 211 
 
 ion of the Precinct of New Windsor, otherwise called 
 the Highlands." In 1749 it was applied to the " town- 
 ship," now the village, and in 17(j2 to the precinct. 
 
 TOWN 'kecciKDS. 
 The records of the town begin with the precinct 
 meeting held on the first Tuesday of April, 1763, 
 when, " agreeably to the directions" of the act con- 
 stituting the precinct, a meeting was held at the house 
 of Judah Harlow, at which the following officers 
 were chosen, viz. : Joseph Belknap, clerk ; George 
 Harris, supervisor; Samuel Brewster, George Den- 
 niston, James Humphrey, asses.sors; Alexander Den- 
 niston, constable and collector; Judah Harlow and 
 Capt. James Clinton, overseers of the roads ; David 
 ('rawford and John NicoU, overseers of the poor; 
 Andrew Crawford and AVilliam Lawrence, fence- 
 viewers. 
 
 ROADS. 
 The earliest roads of the town were the King's high- 
 way, better known locally as the Goshen road, and the 
 highway now known as the Little Britain road. The 
 first extended through the town from north to south, 
 and the second from east to west. In 1766 the roads 
 of the town were defined in the appointment of 
 overseers as follows : " Moses Fowler, overseer from 
 Jlr. Falls' saw-mill to New Windsor ; George Dennis- 
 ton, from the west line of Johnson's patent to Mr. 
 Falls' saw-mill ; Thomas King, from the west line of 
 Johnson's patent to the north line of the precinct." 
 This was the Little Britain road. " Francis Mander- 
 ville, for Goshen road and the roads about Murderer's 
 Creek," — a line which included what is now known 
 as the Forge Hill road. In 1769 the road districts 
 and overseers were : '' John Galloway, overseer from 
 William MuUiner's to the top of Snake Hill; The- 
 ophilus Corwin, from the top of Snake Hill, through 
 New Windsor to Hudson's River, and up Goshen 
 road as far as the road that leads oft' to Arthur's mill, 
 and to take all the inhabitants on the north side of 
 Murderer's Creek as high as they are to work ; Sam- 
 uel Arthur, at the creek and the rest of the road up- ! 
 wards, and to take the remainder of the inhabitants 
 left therein." Patrick McClaughry, James Mc- 
 Claughry, and George Clinton, commissioners under 
 the act of 1770, divided the town into road districts 
 as follows : " The first, or New Wind.sor district; the 
 second, or Creek district; the third, or Middle dis- j 
 trict; and the fourth, or West district." The dis- 
 tricts so designated were generally known and called, 
 and so entered on the precinct records, as : 1. The 
 New Windsor district; 2. The Creek district; 3. The 
 Little Britain district ; 4. The Hunting-Grove dis- 
 trict. In 1772 the Creek district was divided. In 
 1774 the Middle and the Hunting-Grove districts 
 were divided, and a new district, called the Silver 
 Stream district, established ; and in 1781 the Little 
 Britain district was divided and a new district estab- 
 lished, called the Stonefield district. The roads and 
 
 streets of the village of New Windsor, which were 
 included in the New Windsor district, were dedicated 
 to public use by the proprietors of the plot in 1749, a 
 fact wliich establishes their date. The Little Britain 
 and Goshen roads were the first in the town, the 
 Forge Hill the third, and the Eidge road probably 
 the fourth. The Newburgh and New Windsor turn- 
 pike, the New Windsor and Cornwall turnpike, the 
 Snake Hill turnjiike, and the New Windsor and 
 Blooming-Grove turnpike, which have been fully no- 
 ticed in another connection,* materially changed the 
 roadways of the town, and, with the public roads pre- 
 viously opened, gave to it substantially its present 
 
 facilities. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The first entry in regard to public schools is at the 
 annual election in 1796, when David Dill, John Dill, 
 Daniel Borden, John Denniston, and Francis Craw- 
 ford were elected school commissioners. The same 
 persons were reappointed in 1797, but no further 
 entry appears until 1813, when, on the 10th of May, 
 at a sjiecial election, Joseph Morrell, Thomas King, 
 and William Mulliner were elected commissioners of 
 schools, and Thurston Wood, David Dill, and Thomas 
 Fulton inspectors of schools. On the 18th Sejstember, 
 1814, the commissioners named divided the town into 
 nine school districts, viz. : No. 1, village of New 
 Windsor district; No. 2, Murderer's Creek district; 
 No. 3, Good Hope district ; No. 4, Centre district ; 
 No. 5, Square district ; No. 6, Little Britain Meeting- 
 house district ; No. 7, Union district ; No. 8, Good- 
 will district; No. 9, Hunting-Grove district. In 1816 
 one of the districts was divided, making ten. The 
 first report of attendance and distribution of public 
 money is recorded as follows: Number of children 
 between five and fifteen years of age, 597 ; amount of 
 public money, $2.58.75. There were probably some 
 private schools in the town as early as 1740. Dr. . 
 Joseph Young writes in regard to the education of 
 his older brother, Thomas : " Our grandmother, Jane, 
 was a good English scholar and learned us to read. 
 As there were but few children in their new settle- 
 ment (Little Britain) they had no schoolmaster; but 
 my father, who was a tolerable arithmetician, under- 
 took to teach him, with the assistance of Cocker's 
 Arithmetic." This was written of Thomas wheu he 
 was six or seven years old, and as he was born in 
 1731, it shows that there was no school at that time. 
 He adds : " Some time after, Mr. John Wilson, a 
 famous mathematician, opened a school about four 
 miles distant, to which the young self-taught student 
 was sent. Mr. Wilson's mathematical fame soon pro- 
 cured him an invitation to open a school in New 
 York, where he removed." Rev. John Moff'at was 
 probably Mr. Wilson's successor, as the authority 
 already quoted continues : " Fortunately there came 
 a minister to the parish who was a good linguist, un- 
 der whom he completed his Latin education." The 
 
 * See " Trade and Commerce." 
 
212 
 
 HISTORY OF OKANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 description iind the period to which it refers alilce 
 point to Mr. JlofiUt, who was the pastor of Goodwill 
 Church from 1751 to 1765, and whose last years are 
 known to have heen employed as an instructor. His 
 school was known as " Moflfiit's Academy." It was 
 situated on the road leading from Little Britain to 
 Washingtonville, on the farm now (1880) owned by 
 Robert Shaw. The house was one story and a half 
 with basement. The school was kept in the upper 
 rooms, Mr. Moffat and his family occupying the base- 
 ment. It was partly, if not wholly, broken up during 
 the Revolution. While the probabilities favor Mr. 
 Moffat, we find it written, in connection with the 
 education of James and George Clinton, that the 
 latter attended a school conducted by Rev. Daniel 
 Thain, a minister from Scotland. 
 
 SUPPORT OF POOR. 
 The support of the poor of the town was in the 
 manner provided by law. The first public tax appear- 
 ing on record was under the act of the Assembly, 
 passed Dec. 31, 1762, when the sum of twenty pounds 
 was raised to i)ay expenses of previous years. In 
 1770, twenty shillings only was raised ; in 1778, eighty 
 pounds ($200) ; in 1779, one hundred and fifty pounds; 
 1780, five hundred pounds ($1250) ; but this amount 
 probably represents depreciation in currency rather 
 than an increase in pauperism. In 1782 the practice 
 of selling the support of paupers to the lowest bidder 
 was introduced and followed for many years. The 
 town is now included in the county system. 
 
 LICENSES. 
 Licenses for the sale of intoxicating liquors have 
 been issued from the earliest recorded period, .lames 
 McClaughry having been an excise commissioner in 
 176.3. In 1796 the town received the fees for licenses, 
 which then amounted to $65. In 1815 the sum of 
 $88 was received, and nine tavern and six permit or 
 store licenses were granted. These figures are intro- 
 duced merely as the foundation of comparative sta- 
 tistics. The local travel of half a century ago re- 
 quired a far greater number of taverns than at the 
 present time, or since the introduction of railroads. 
 
 POST-OFFICES. 
 The first post-ofiice in the town was at Little Britain. 
 It was established May 29, 1824, Hamilton Morrison, 
 postmaster; Charles Palmer, postmaster, 1834. The 
 second, the New Windsor post-office, was established 
 Feb. 19,1829, Abraham Schultz, postmaster; John 
 Hall, postmaster, 1834. The third, Mortonville, was 
 established April 10, 1850; John D. Vail, postmaster. 
 The fourth, Moodna; date of establishment not as- 
 certained. 
 
 CREEKS, STREAMS, SWAMPS, Etc. 
 
 Murderer's or Moodna Creek, on the southern bor- 
 der of the town, and Quassaick Creek, on the north, 
 require no further description than has been given 
 
 elsewhere in this work. Silver Stream rises near the 
 Square, and is fed by a niunber of springs north and 
 south of the main road. It crosses the New Windsor 
 turnpike at the old Alexander Falls saw-mill, and 
 from thence in a southeast direction through what are 
 called the '" Continental Meadows," and crosses the 
 Snake Hill turnpike north of Tail's Gate. East of 
 this road there is another old saw-mill on the Morton 
 place, where the creek crosses the New Windsor turn- 
 pike, and supplies power to the Morton ( formerly John 
 Ellison) grist-mill. From thence flowing south it 
 unites with Murderer's Creek. The only mill privi- 
 leges on it are those that have been mentioned, of 
 which the Morton mill is the most important. It is not 
 a certain stream, but being fed by a water-shed of not 
 less than two thousand acres, it is quick to respond to 
 j rain-falls. The right to its surplus waters is now in 
 the city of Newburgh as a part of its water .supply. 
 Beaver-dam Creek has been claimed as the original 
 outlet of Orange Lake. It crosses the Cochecton turn- 
 pike between Alexander Beatty's place and the old 
 ! stone house formerly owned by the Howells; runs south 
 I through New Windsor and empties into the Otterkill 
 j westof Salisbury mills. There were several saw-mills 
 on it in former times, of which only one remains, viz., 
 on the old Belknap farm, now owned by Robert Mor- 
 rison. Its claims as the outlet of Orange Lake were 
 disputed in the courts many years ago and a decision 
 obtained in favor of Quassaick Creek. Goldsmith 
 Creek rises on the Burnet homestead in Little Britain, 
 runs south through the Clinton homestead, and emp- 
 ■ ties into the Otterkill at W;i.shingtonville. Coleman- 
 ' town Creek, another small stream in the west part of 
 ! the town, also flows to the Otterkill. Big Swamp, or 
 i Great Swamp, is in the northwest part of the town, 
 and extends into Montgomery. It commences within 
 a quarter of a mile of the main road in Little Britain, 
 runs thence north to near the Cochecton turnpike. 
 The north part of it has been redeemed and is now 
 under cultivation. Its outlet forms a branch of the 
 Tinn Brock, although it does not take that name until 
 after it crosses the Cochecton turnpike. There is little 
 doubt that this part of the town was once filled with 
 water, presenting a pond or lake. 
 
 II. -PATENTS AND FIEST SETTLEMENTS 
 
 Originally covered by the patent to Capt. John 
 Evans, the precinct embraced, when constituted in 
 1762, patents and portions of patents issued as follows : 
 
 1. Patrick MacGregorie, 160 acres, Aug. 24, 1721 ; 
 
 2. William Chambers and William Southerland, 1000 
 acres, Sept. 2, 1709; 3. Charles Huddy and Philip 
 Brooks, 4000 acres (in part), Feb. 20, 1709,— subse- 
 quently included in a grant to Mary Ingoldshy and 
 her daughter, Mary Pinhorn, Aug. 12, 1720 ; 4. John 
 Haskell, 2000 acres, April 9, 1719, and 2000 acres, 
 Aug. 24, 1721; 5. Vincent Matthews, 800 acres, June 
 17, 1720 ; 6. John Johnson, Jr., 1000 acres, Feb. 3, 
 
JMEW WINDSOK. 
 
 213 
 
 1720; 7. James Henderson, 1184 acres (in part), Feb. 
 12, 1722; 8. Vincent Pierce, 1000 acres (in part), 
 July 21, 1721 ; 9. Lewis Morris, 1000 acres, July 21, 
 1721 ; 10. Andrew Johnson, 2000 acres, July 19, 
 1719; 11. Patrick Hume, 2000 acres, Nov. 29, 1721 ; 
 12. Cornelius Low and Company, 3292 acres (mainly), 
 March 17,1720; 13. Richard Van Dam, 1000 acres 
 (in part), June 30, 1720; 14. Phineas Mcintosh, 2000 
 acres (mainly), April 9, 1719. As defined by the 
 boundaries of 1801, the town included, in addition to 
 the foregoing, a considerable portion of the patent to 
 Cadwallader Golden (15), granted April 9, 1719. Por- 
 tions of the Low, Mcintosh, and other patents were 
 cut ofi' by the erection of the town of Hamptonburgh 
 in 1S30, but all the patents enumerated are represented 
 in the land titles of the town. 
 
 MacOregorie Patent. — In tbe order of settlement, 
 the town is the oldest in the present county, having 
 been begun by Col. Patrick MacGregorie, in IGSo, on 
 the lands subsequently embraced in the patent to liis 
 son, Patrick MacGregorie, and now known as Plum 
 Point. MacGregorie was a native of Scotland, and 
 was the leader of a colony of Presbyterian immi- 
 grants. Landing first in Maryland, he, with part of 
 his original company, came north, stopping at Perth 
 Aniboy and Staten Island, but finally took up lands, 
 as stated, on the solicitation of Governor Dongan. 
 How many of his original company came with him is 
 not of record, but we have the names of his brother- 
 in-law, David Toshack, who boasted the title of 
 "Laird of Minivard ;" Daniel Maskrig, a servant in 
 the employ of Toshack, and one CoUum. His wife, 
 Margaret, in a petition to the government, Nov. 23, 
 1710, states that, in addition to her husband and 
 David Toshack, there were " twenty-five others, their 
 families, and sundry of their servants." After erecting 
 a commodious cabin, MacGregorie and Toshack estab- 
 lished a trading-post on Sloop Hill. While in this 
 occupation, MacGregorie was appointed muster-gen- 
 eral of the militia of the province, and was subse- 
 quently sent on a mission to the French Indians. On 
 his return he took part in the Leisler revolution, and 
 was killed in the effort to reduce the Leisler party, in 
 March, 1691. His family continued to reside on Plum 
 Point for some years. Toshack died there in 1689, 
 leaving one son, who died without issue. The record 
 is clear that they were the first settlers in the county. 
 Capt. John Evans was a son-in-law of MacGregorie, 
 and taking advantage of his father-in-law's death, 
 obtained a patent for the land which he had originally 
 purchased, — a patent which was subsequently vacated, 
 as hereinbefore stated. On repeated petition repre- 
 senting the facts, the patent of 1721 was issued to 
 Patrick MacGregorie, Jr., in compensation for his 
 father's losses. At what time the MacGregories re- 
 moved from Plum Point does not appear, but it was 
 certainly subsequent to 1721. On the 7th of (Jctober, 
 1734, Dr. John NicoU, of New York, purchased the 
 place from John Waldron, Cornelius Van Home, and 
 
 .James Livingston, who appear to have been agents 
 for the sale of patents. John Nicoll, son of the pur- 
 chaser, came into po.ssession in 1735, and erected the 
 homestead house, which is still standing and owned by 
 his descendants. A portion of the farm was sold to the 
 late Philip A. Verplanck, and was occupied by him. 
 
 Chnmhers and Soiitherlaiid Piitinit. — The second set- 
 tlement in the town was on the patent to William 
 Chambers and William Southerland, or Sutherland. 
 Although i.ssued in their names, the' patentees had 
 but one-third interest each in the grant, it being of 
 record that they consented, " for and in consideration 
 of one equal third part of said tract," that their 
 names should be made use of in obtaining the grant 
 by Col. Peter Matthews, who, by the agreement, be- 
 came the owner of the remaining third. In the di- 
 vision of the patent, Nov. 7, 1723, Chambers was 
 assigned lands immediately south of Quassaick Creek, 
 Matthews occupied the centre of the plot, and South- 
 erland the southern part. The land had been previ- 
 ously cleared of timber, as appears by a petition from 
 Chambers for an additional tract (June 17, 1720), in 
 which he states: "The petitioner, with great labor 
 and expense, hath, for some years past, settled, culti- 
 vated, and manured a small farm to the northward of 
 Murderer's Creek, upon Hudson's River, but before 
 the land was granted to him (1709), most of the tim- 
 ber that stood thereon was cut down and removed for 
 the use of the crown, so that he hath not a sufficient 
 quantity for fencing and for the use of his said 
 farm ; but near to a place or hill called Muck-Hattoes 
 there are certain lands, mostly stony and unfit for 
 cultivation, which he will take and pay the rents re- 
 quired therefor." Not only is the fact stated that the 
 land was cleared when granted, but the date of his 
 settlement is very nearly fixed. If he had been " for 
 some years" on the land in 1720, the inference is 
 pretty clear that he settled thereon very soon after 
 the grant was issued, probal)ly in the spring of 1710. 
 His log cabin stood on what is known as the Ludlow 
 farm (late Christie). He died in 1738, and his por- 
 tion of the tract passed to his sons, William and 
 John. The former, an admiral in the British navy, 
 died without issue, and full possession passed to the 
 latter, who obtained (1753) a grant of the lands 
 under water extending from New Windsor village to 
 Quassaick Creek. In 1758 he conveyed the property 
 to Nathan Smith, "blacksmith, of Kingston," to- 
 gether with a portion of the Ingoldsby patent, which 
 had been purchased by his father in 1726, and also 
 part of lot No. 1 of the German patent, which he had 
 himself purchased in 1742. Smith sold a portion to 
 Robert Boyd, Jr., and another to George Clinton. 
 The latter erected a new house about 1769, and re- 
 sided there until he was elected Governor, when he 
 removed to Poughkeepsie. In 1790 he sold to Hugh 
 Walsh, who founded the farm residence and mills 
 now owned by his grandson, J. DeWitt Walsh. 
 With this portion of the patent are associated the 
 
214 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 names of Admiral AVilliam Chambers, Associate 
 Judge Jolin Chambers (1751), Governor George Clin- 
 ton (1776), and Capt. Charles Ludlow, of the United 
 States navy. 
 
 The central portion of the tract (that held by Peter 
 Matthews) was purchased by John Alsop (1724^25), 
 who, in company with his brother-iu-law, Joseph 
 Sackett, Jr., settled on the lands immediately after, 
 and erected a store-house and landing on the Hud- 
 son. He was the father of John Alsop, Jr., of Rev- 
 olutionary history, and the grandfather of Governor 
 John Alsop King. In 1749 he sold the tract or a 
 considerable portion of it to an association or com- 
 pany organized under the name of the " Proprietors 
 of New Windsor," who founded thereon what is now 
 known as the village of New Windsor, but which 
 was then called "the township of New Windsor." 
 Sackett ran a sloop to New York, and retained his 
 wharf after the proprietors came in possession. 
 
 The southern portion was settled by South erland sim- 
 ultaneously with the settlement by William Chambers. 
 In 171S he mortgaged the property, then iu his pos- 
 session and occupation "for many years," to John 
 Ellison, of New Y'ork, for £160. Ellison made an 
 additional loan of £140 in 1721, and perfected his 
 title to the property iu May, 1723, when his son, 
 Thomas Ellison, took possession, erected a stone 
 mansion on the bluft' overlooking the river, and a 
 dock andstore-liouse, and founded the freighting busi- 
 ness, which was continued for a century by himself 
 and his descendants. His house was occupied by 
 Washington in 177;i. 
 
 Vincent Muft/ii'ii-s Pitti'nt. — The patent to Vincent 
 Matthews, immediately adjoining the soutliern portion 
 of the Chambers and Sutherland patent, was purchased 
 by Thomas Ellison, Jan. 24, 1724, and on it he erected, 
 in 1754, the stone farm-house and mill near Vail's 
 Gate, which was subsequently occupied by his son, 
 John Ellison, and which is known as Gen. Knox's 
 headquarters. 
 
 lagolilxhy Fat/'ii/.^The fourth settlement was by 
 John or Joseph Gale, in 1726, on the northwest corner 
 of the Ingoldsby Patent. Gale sold to Thomas Ellison 
 in 1736. James Edmonston is said to have purchased 
 a farm lot in 1727, but his deed is not of record, uor 
 does his name appear on the tax-roll of that year. 
 He was an early settler, however. The stone house 
 which he erected in 1754 is still standing, and is asso- 
 ciated with the annals of the town in the war of the 
 Revolution. Peter Post was the purchaser (July 22, 
 1730) of 500 acres on the north bank of Murderer's 
 Creek. He sold to Dr. John Nicoll, April 12, 1738, 
 leaving behind him the name of "Post Hill," by which 
 one of the elevations on the tract is still known. A 
 considerable portion of the purchase remains in the 
 descendants of Dr. Nicoll. 
 
 The most important of the early settlements on this 
 patent, however, was that portion now embraced in 
 the village of Moodna, which was purchased from 
 
 Mary Ingoldsby by David Mandevill, May 1, 1728. 
 Mandevill sold to Samuel Hazard, who, in company 
 with his brother, Nathaniel Hazard, erected a mill 
 and laid out a township plot under the name of 
 Orangeville. 
 
 Haskell Patent. — The patent granted to Col. John 
 Haskell was settled by himself in 1726. He erected 
 a log house on what was afterwards known as the 
 Dusenberry farm, and which is yet standing on lands 
 adjoining the farm late of Ezra P. Thomp.son. To 
 this portion of the patent he gave the name of " The 
 Hermitage," divided the whole tract into farm lots, 
 and remained in occupation of his original location 
 until his death. Evan Jones, surgeon, was among 
 the early settlers on the patent, having purchased and 
 occupied lot No. 3. His farm of 292 acres was sold 
 by his heirs (1763) to Samuel Brewster, who erected 
 (1768) what is now known as the Brewster house. 
 The western part of the patent was conveyed by Has- 
 kell (June 13, 1719) to Elizabeth Stollard, who sold 
 631 acres to John Crawford, weaver, Oct. 18, 1737. 
 Andrew Crawford sold part of the purchase to Neil 
 McArthur in 1763. 
 
 Mcintosh Patent. — The first settler on the patent to 
 Phineas Mcintosh was John Davis, whose deed recites 
 the sale to him (July 5, 1726) of fifty acres, " on which 
 his house now stands." Robert Boyd and the Dill 
 family were also early settlers. The Davis house is 
 yet standing. It is the third house from Rock tavern, 
 on the Washingtonville road. A considerable portion 
 of the patent passed to the hands of Nathan Smith, 
 through his wife, Susan Mcintosh, who established 
 thereon a grist-mill, a fulling-mill, and a store, giving 
 to his place the name of Hunting-Grove. It may be 
 proper to add, that he and the Nathan Smith of the 
 Chambers Patent were different persons of the same 
 name but of no known relationship. 
 
 Andrew Johnston Patent. — The district known as 
 Little Britain had its first settler in John Humphrey, 
 who purchased, in 1724r-25, a farm-lot of 2.50 acres, 
 being part of the patent to Andrew Johnston. Peter 
 Mullinder purchased and settled on a farm of the 
 same patent, Sept. 22, 1729 ; Robert Burnet, of Rari- 
 tan, N. J., Oct. 7, 1729, and at the same time John 
 Reid ; Charles Clinton, of Longford, Ireland, Aug. 22, 
 1730, and at the same time Mary McClaughry, widow, 
 John Young. Alexander Dennistou, and Andrew Mc- 
 Dowell. John Humphrey took his deed Dec. 6, 1731, 
 although his land was located and occupied by him 
 in 1724-25. The lot purchased by Mary McClaughry 
 was bounded west by Humphrey, and north by Bet- 
 sey Mallard, widow, showing the residence there 
 of the Mallard (now Mailler) femily prior to 1730. 
 The Mallard farm was subsequently purchased by 
 Robert Carscadden. This patent was the centre of 
 the district known as Little Britain. It was here and 
 in the immediate vicinity that the immigrants located 
 who accompanied Charles Clinton in 1730, and among 
 whom niav be mentioned the names of Armstrong, 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 215 
 
 Beatty, Barkly, Brooks, Dcmiiston, Davis, Dunlap, 
 Frazer, Gordon, Gray, Hamilton, Little, Mitchell, 
 McDowell, McClaughry, Nicholson, Oliver, Thomp- 
 son, Wilson, and Young. 
 
 Low &■ Co'n. Patent. — The patent to Cornelius Low 
 and Company (Cornelius Low, Garret Schuyler, and 
 John Schuyler) was divided amono; the patentees. 
 The third held by John Schuyler passed by his will 
 to his nephews. Brant and Samuel Schuyler, and on 
 the death of the latter to Brant Schuyler. The other 
 patentees sold to Allen Jarratt, April 5, 1720, a very 
 considerable portion of their interests. Cornelius 
 Low sold, Sept. 1, 1734, 600 acres to John Vance, of 
 Newark, who conveyed 200 acres to James Thomp- 
 son, " lately of Drumeel, in the county of Longford, 
 Ireland, but now resident in Little Britain, in the 
 county of Ulster, in the province of New York," by 
 deed dated May 22, 1738. John Slaughter was a set- 
 tler on the patent as early as 172(;, and Thomas Shaw 
 was a purchaser in 1726 or '29. William Miller, 
 weaver, then a resident, purchased (Nov. 12, 1746) 
 200 acres. Brant Schuyler sold (Aug. 22, 1744) to 
 Charles Beatty 200 acres, which the latter sold to 
 James McClaughry, July 14, 1749. Thomas King 
 was also an early settler. Beatty and McClaughry 
 came over with the Clinton immigrants in 1730, but 
 were then children. McClaughry became colonel of 
 the Third Regiment of militia, while Beatty, who 
 was the son of a sister of Charles Clinton, became a 
 distinguished clergyman. 
 
 Hume Patent. — James Gembell and John Hum- 
 phrey purchased, in 1724, 300 acres of the patent to 
 Patrick Hume, and divided the same equally between 
 them, April 6, 1730. Gembell sold to Patrick Byrn, 
 March 12, 1744, and Humphrey sold to Patrick Mc- 
 Claughry, Feb. 22, 1769. One-half of the remainder 
 of the patent (8.50 acres) was sold by James Lithgow, 
 nephew of the patentee, to James Neelly, Henry Man 
 Neelly, William Young, and Patrick McClaughry, 
 March 6, 1749, and the same parties purchased the 
 remaining half (850 acres) from Hannah Lithgow, 
 widow, and John Nicholas, of Philadelphia, April, 
 1750. June 10, 1757, William Young sold to Samuel 
 Sly 233 acres, now known as the Sly homestead. The 
 Gembell and Humphrey portion of the patent was 
 sold to William Telford and Samuel Falls. 
 
 John Jofinston, Jr.'s, Patent. — This patent was trans- 
 ferred to Cadwallader Golden on the date of its issue. 
 A branch of the Belknap family settled on it about 
 1750. 
 
 Van Dam Patent. — The patent to Richard Van Dam 
 passed to the possession of Jesse Woodhull, who set- 
 tled at Blagg's Clove, in the present town of Bloom- 
 ing-Grove, in 1753. David Gallatian, John Moffat, 
 and Peter Welling and his brother held portions of it. 
 Heiiilermn Paterd. — John Wandel was an early 
 purchaser of a portion of the Henderson patent. 
 David Edmonston was also a purchaser ; he held part 
 of lots Nos. 3 and 4. 
 
 Lewis ifori-ii^ Patent. — Alexander Den niston, Francis 
 Crawford, Thomas Cook, and William Denniston were 
 owners of 800 acres in 1786. They were descendants 
 of early settlers. 
 
 Satisfactory records showing first settlements on the 
 remaining patents and portions of patents have not 
 been found, but from what has already been written 
 it will be seen that few districts in the province were 
 more densely occupied, sparse as was the population; 
 and it may be added that in few districts, if any, were 
 the immigrants of a class who commanded more gen- 
 eral respect. ' The upper portion of the precinct was 
 in woodland, "through which," remarks Cadwalla- 
 der Golden, Jr.," one could not see the sunshine," and 
 the honor was not with himself alone of felling "the 
 first tree" and taking out " the first stub." The east- 
 ern part of the precinct, on the contrary, was partially 
 prepared for cultivation through the removal, as has 
 been already stated, of the forests by employees of the 
 government for shipment to England. Whatever the 
 primal condition, however, the years were not many 
 before no small number of settlers could say, " I have 
 made a small spot in the world, which, when I first 
 entered upon it, was the habitation only of wolves, 
 bears, and other wild animals ; now, no unfit habita- 
 tion for a civilized family. So that I, without vanity, 
 take the comfort of not having been entirely useless 
 in my generation." 
 
 The early settlers located along the old Goshen 
 road, the Little Britain road, the Ridge road, the 
 roads constituting the Square, and in the villages of 
 New Windsor and Orangeville. Their dwellings were 
 of logs or stone ; in some cases the timber in the former 
 was squared or axe-hewed. Their outbuildings were 
 of logs, and their church edifices but mere unfinished 
 barracks, even after saw-mills had been set in mo- 
 tion. Traveling was mainly on foot or on horseback ; 
 wagons were few and rude, many of them being made 
 with wheels cut from the end of a log ; sleighs were 
 literally sleds, the runners formed from the limbs of 
 trees or cut from a plank, or took their highest me- 
 chanical dignity in runners bent from a sapling, with 
 supporting knees worked out by a draw-knife. If 
 there were those who had European implements, and 
 the one-horse chaise that is now so rarely seen except 
 iu pictures, they were few in number. But wealth came 
 in gradually, and in less than forty years the more for- 
 tunate were able to write in their inventory of house- 
 hold goods, "several boxes and cases of china, some 
 cases of pictures and looking-glasses, several tables 
 (one a marble slab), chairs, window-curtains, some 
 ornamental china, with images of Shakespeare and 
 Milton in plaster-of-Paris." Silverware, and stoves, 
 and the harpsichord also became known among them ; 
 and as opportunity ofiered they acquired negro slaves, 
 of whom, in 175.5, Col. Thomas Ellison owned six ; 
 ' James McClaughry, one ; James Edmonston, one ; 
 Dr. Evan Jones, six ; Capt. Charles Clinton, two ; 
 ' Christian Hartell, two ; Joseph Sackett, Sr., one ; 
 
21ii 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Rev. John Moffat, one; Francis N"ico]l, one; James 
 Jackson, Jr., one ; and John Chambers, two, — a 
 record which is of interest also as showing the social 
 rank of the persons named, for few there were who 
 could own slaves even in those cheap times. At a 
 later period slaves became more abundant, although 
 they were never very numerous in the precinct. 
 
 In the settlement of the western part of the town, 
 as well as on patents contiguous but now included in 
 other towns, what are known as the Clinton immi- 
 grants of 1731 have so pj'ominent a part that we give, 
 as furnishing the best information now obtainable in 
 regard to those immigrants, the following well-attested 
 copy of Charles Clinton's " Journal" : 
 
 ''JOURNAL OF CHARLES CLINTON'S VOYAGE FROM IRELAND 
 TO AMERICA, 1729. 
 
 " A juurual of my Voyage autl Travels from the Couoty of Longford 
 au tlie Kiugdom of Ireland to PennsylTania in America, Anno Doni. 
 172!i. 
 
 " I t'ttjk my juiiroev fruni the County of Longford on Fridaj' the 9th 
 day of RLiy : cKnu- to Duiilin ye 12th ditto. Entered on shipboard the 
 ship ciillM the George and Ann y« Itith. Sett sail the 2Uth. 
 
 "Ciiiiicto anchor at Ghmarm un the 24th, where Matthew ^IcClanghry 
 And his wife and twu of his family went on shuar and quit their voyage. 
 
 "Sett sail Irom Glaiiarm on y«25th and came to anchor at Green Castle 
 in the Lough of Foyle the 2(ith, where we stay'd till y» 29th ; then sett 
 sail in company with the John of Duhlin, bound for New Caatlu in the 
 same country. 
 
 " Ditto, came in sight of Loughsuly (Lough Swilly) y" 3uth. Sail'd by 
 Tory (Tory Island) and Horse-head. 
 
 "On the 3Uth at night a strong wind arose yt continued to y« first 
 of June at evening which Lowered our Bowsprit with Hazard to our 
 Masts. 
 
 " June ye 2d we had a fair breeze for our westerly course. 
 
 "On the 3d ditto my daughter Catharine and son James fell sick of 
 the meascls. 
 
 " A strong gale of westerly wind continued to ye 10th ditto. 
 
 "James WiUon's child died y otb. 
 
 " On the 7th met y Mary from Pennsylvania from which she sail'd to 
 us in five weeks and five days. 
 
 "On the 8th ditto, a child of James SIcDuwel's died and was thrown 
 overboard. 
 
 " On the lUtli ye winds came to East and be South. 
 
 "On y* llth changed more Easterly and continues fair and seasonable. 
 
 "On the 12tii the wiude blew North and be Ea*t; a fresh gale by 
 which we sailed 40 lejigues in 20 hours — and found we were in 40° 20' 
 North Latitude by observation. 
 
 "The wind changed on y 14th to ye South, and so continued to ye 
 15th, being Sunday morning. One of ye servt's on board belonging to 
 one Gerald Cruise threw himself over deck and was drowned. 
 
 "On ye loth ditto my daughter Mary fell sick of y* measels. 
 
 " A eerv't of Mr. Cruise's dyed on y* 17th and was thrown over deck. 
 The wind came to be S. and continued a violent fresh gale to the 18th. 
 
 "The 19lh and 2Uth we had a South be West wind. On the 21st being 
 Sunday we had a perfect calm in Lat. 27*^ 30'. 
 
 "A serv't of Mr Cruise's died, on Monday a child of James Thomp- 
 son's died. 
 
 " On Tuesday y" 23d child of John Brooks died. We had a fair wind 
 on y* 22(1 ; 23d then another child of James Thompson's died. 
 
 "On the 2Sth a child of James Majore died and one of Robert Frazer's. 
 We now have \V: N: W. wind. 
 
 "Tuesday y* Ist of July a fair wind. 
 
 "July y« 3d a child of John Brooks died. A child a daughter of Will 
 McCallihan's died. Ditto a child ol John Brooks died. 
 
 " July y 5th came in sight of the Islands of Cordo and Flores (Azores) 
 which belongs to the Portugese. They Lye in the LattMof 40°09' north 
 and 32: ^i west Longitude. 
 
 "A child of James McDowet's died ye 7th. Ditto Robert Todd died. 
 
 '* A Return of the pei-sons that died on board of ye George and Ann: 
 
 "James Wilson's child; James McDowel's child; a servant of Mr. 
 Cruise's; another servant of his; another servant of his; a child of 
 
 James Thompson's; a child of Jolin Brooks; a diild of James Thomp- 
 I son's; a child c»f James Majore's; a child uf Robert Frazer's; a child of 
 Tliomas Delup's (Duulap) ; a serv't of Cruise's ; a child of John Beatty's; 
 ' a child of John Brouks; a girle of Bolt. Frazer's; a child of Alex, 
 Mitchell's ; a sou of James Majore's ; Rohei t Todd ; a son of James Mc- 
 Dowel's ; a serv't of Cruise's ; another serv't of Cruise's; a child of Wal- 
 ter Davis; John Darbie; Tlioni. Cowan; John McCay ; a son of Robt. 
 Frazer's; another son of his; a son of Chris (tianai Beatty's; a brother 
 of Will Hamilton's ; Will Gray; my own daugliter (Mary) on ye 2 of 
 August at night : a child of James Majore's; a daughter of Widow Ham- 
 ilton; James 3Iajore's wife; Thorn. Delaps wife; Alex, Mitchell: a 
 child of James Thompson; Walter Davis his wife; Widow Hamilton: 
 ' lUibt. Gray; a child of Widow Hamilton; Walter Davis; Jane Amt- 
 stTOhg: a child of James Majore's; another serv't of Cruise's; W'illiam 
 Gordon; Isabel McCutchan; my son James on ye 2Sth of August, 17'^9, 
 at 7 in ye morning; a son uf James Miijore's ; a brother of Andrew Mc- 
 , DowelTs: two daughters of James McDowell's a daughter of Waller 
 j Davis's; Robert Frazer; Patt. McCann, serv't to Tho. Armstrong; Will 
 ' Hamilton; James Greer, serv't to Alex. Mitchell; Widow Gordon's daugh- 
 ter; James Mondy died Thursday lltti of September; a serv't of Mr. 
 Cruise's; a son of James Beatty's; Fran. Jiicholson ; a sister of Andrew 
 McDowell's; a daiighter of John Beatty's; two of Mr. Cruise's men 
 serv'ts; Marger_v Armstrong; a serv't of Mr. Cruise's; two of John 
 Beatty's children; James Thompson's wife; James Brown; a daughter 
 ' of James BIcDowell's; a daughter of Thos. Delap'a; a serv't of Mr. 
 I Cruise's; a child of Widow Mitchell's; John Oliver's wife; James Ma- 
 I jore's eldest daughter; Jolin Crook a sailor; Jos. Stafford; John Mc- 
 I Dowell; John Beatty; Andrew JIcDowelPs sister; James Wilson's wife ; 
 James McDowell's wife; Sarah Hamilton, Will Hamilton's sister; Thorn 
 Armstrong died Monday ye 20th of Sept. ; Jolin Beatty's wife ; Isabella 
 Johnston ; Edw'd Norris; Marg't McClaughery ; Wiilow Frazer's daugh- 
 ter; Andrew McDowell's brother; Joseph McClaughery; Mattw Mc- 
 Claughery ; a young sister of Andrew McDowell's ; Thorn Delap and his 
 daughter Cathaiiue; James Barkley. 
 
 " Discovered laud on ye Continent of America ye 4th day of October 
 1729." 
 
 The voyage occupied one hundred and thirty-nine 
 days from embarkation to landing at Cape Cod, dur- 
 ing which time ninety-six deaths occurred on board 
 the ship. The original destination of the Clinton 
 Company was to Pennsylvania, but from the terrible 
 mortality on the vessel, and the shortness of provisions 
 I growing out of so long a voyage, the passengers were 
 ■ glad to land at the first available place, which proved 
 to be Cape Cod. Remaining there during the winter, 
 where a number were added to the list of the dead, 
 they came on to New York, where, finding satisfactory 
 terms, they purchased lands at Little Britain, where 
 they gave to the State, in themselves and in their de- 
 scendants, some of the noblest men in its annals. 
 
 III.-VIIiLAGES, Etc. 
 
 VILLAGE OF NEW AVINDSOR. 
 
 The village of New Windsor is located about one 
 
 I mile south of the boundary line between the city of 
 
 Newburgh and the town of New Windsor. It was 
 
 laid out as a township plot in 1749, by a company 
 
 I under the title of '' The Proprietors of New Wind- 
 
 I sor," and was one of the five townships similarly 
 
 opened for settlement in the present county, viz.: 
 
 ! Goshen, in 1714; Newburgh (old town of Newburgh 
 
 I plot), in 1730, New Windsor, in 1749; Orangeville, 
 
 J at perhaps an anterior date; and Chester, at about 
 
 ; 1750. The precise date of the organization of the 
 
 " company does not appear, nor are its articles of asso- 
 
 ' ciatiou on record, if such were entered into. The 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 217 
 
 first entry in its original book of minutes is under 
 date of Sept. 9, 1749, at wliicli time the members of 
 the company were Vincent Matthews, Ebenezer Seely, 
 Michael Jackson, Joseph Sackett, Jr., Daniel Ever- 
 ett, Hezekiah Howell, John Sackett, David Marvin, 
 Evan Jones, and Brant Schuyler, who had prior to 
 that date jiurchased from John Alsop that portion of 
 the patent to Chambers and Southerland held, under 
 the partition of that patent, by Col. Peter Matthews. 
 Immediately after organizing, the proprietors em- 
 ployed Capt. Charles Clinton as clerk and surveyor, 
 who surveyed and made a map of the plot, and di- 
 vided it into lots and streets. The first sale by the 
 proprietors was to Henry Brewster and .Judah Har- 
 low, in September, 1749, of a store-house, dwelling- 
 house, barn, and lot, the property being probably that 
 which John Alsop had occupied prior to his deed to 
 the proprietors. In 1752 the proprietors obtained a 
 patent for the -soil under water adjoining the township 
 plot, uniting for that purpose with .John Chambers and 
 Thomas Ellison, and also established a ferry to Fish 
 kill. The proprietors in January, 17.51-.52, were James 
 Tuthill, Henry Brewster, Samuel Brewster, Brant 
 Schuyler, Evan Jones, John Yelverton, Hezekiah 
 Howell, Joseph Sackett, Jr., Ebenezer Seely ,-Vincent 
 Matthews, and .John Nelson, who executed (January 
 3d) a deed to Samuel Bayard and Comjiany for twelve 
 lots "at low rates and under value, to encourage the 
 said Samuel Bayard and Company for the building 
 and erecting a glass-house for making glass and pot- 
 ash, which the said Bayard and Company have agreed 
 to erect upon the said lots." In .Tuly of the same 
 year the proprietors were Vincent Matthews, Eben- 
 ezer Seely, John Yelverton, Hezekiah Howell, John 
 Sackett, Brant Schuyler, Henry Brewster, Evan Jones, 
 James Tuthill,^ Joseph Sackett, Jr., Paul Richards, 
 Nathan Smith, aid Christian Hertell, from which it 
 appears that purchasers of lots became members of 
 the association. In 1772, James Clinton, Robert 
 Boyd, Jr., Theophilus Corwin, George Clinton, David 
 Halliday, and James Dunlap appear in the list, in 
 which year also James Clinton was elected clerk and 
 surveyor, in place of his father. At this point the 
 record closes; it conclusively establishes the date, 
 however, of the founding of the settlement, the grants 
 of soil under water, and the establishment of the 
 manufacture of glass, an industry then in its infancy 
 in the provinces of America. The village and its 
 immediate proximity, already a commercial centre 
 of some importance, through Alsop, Sackett, and El- 
 lison, increased (|uite rapidly in ])opulation, and 
 until after the close of the Revolution gave promise 
 of becoming one of the first cities on the Hudson. 
 Its business enterprises and the causes of its decline 
 are more specifically noticed in the following sketches. 
 G/asf- Works. — The manufacture of glass was com- 
 menced some time about 1753. The company, named 
 in the deed "Samuel Bayard and Company," was 
 composed of Christian Hertell, Samuel Bayard, Lod- 
 15 _ -^ 
 
 wick Bamper, and Matthew Earnest, and was or- 
 ganized under the firm-name of " Christian Hertell 
 and Company." The works were conducted for a 
 number of years, — it is said until after the Revolu- 
 tionary war. They were quite famous in their day, 
 and were especially noted as the place at which let- 
 ters coming up by the sloops or brought in by post- 
 riders were left for the settlers for many mile< around 
 The works stood on the bank of the Hudson, in the 
 northeast corner of the village. 
 
 A second undertaking of the kind was commenced 
 in 1867 by a company of gentlemen, principally resi- 
 dents of Newburgh, who regarded the peculiar stone 
 of Butter Hill as a superior material tor glassware; 
 but the experiment failed. The ordinary sand-glass 
 was subsequently made for a few years. 
 
 Commercial Record. — The commercial history of the 
 village has been fully written in another connection,* 
 and need not be repeated here. It was founded by 
 John Ellison early in the century, and by John Alsop 
 and Joseph Sackett contemporaneously with him. 
 The business of the Ellisons, however, survived that 
 of Alsop and Sackett. Their books show the names 
 of the ancestors of a large proportion of the old 
 families of Northern Orange and Southern Ul.ster, 
 who found in them not only their tradesmen, but 
 their bankers. Although the commerce of the village 
 was continued with more or less activity until the 
 death of Thomas Ellison (2) in 1830, and of Abra- 
 ham Shultz in 1835, its decadence, as well as that of 
 the village, began at about the commencement of the 
 century. At that time the population of the village 
 was nearly equal to that of Newburgh, although the 
 latter had a much larger acreage. Contributing to its 
 decline and ultimate discontinuance were several 
 causes, among which may be mentioned the active 
 rivalry of the village of Newburgh, the advantages 
 which its property-holders offered to settlers, the 
 superiority of the river-front for commercial purposes, 
 and the efforts of the people generally of that place 
 to improve their trade by the construction of turn- 
 pike-roads. Its fatal misfortune, however, was the 
 folly of some of its land-owners, who made the rivalry 
 of contemporary communities possible. Its river- 
 front, capable as it was, and as it still is, of improve- 
 ment, was held by one or two individuals, who were 
 thereby enabled to control the destiny of the entire 
 community. They had the trade, they had the roads, 
 they had the wealth, why should they permit com- 
 petition or encourage development? They did not; 
 they chained up the river-front with paper deeds, 
 denied accommodation to competing busines.s, and 
 dried up the springs of action which impel commu- 
 nities to undertakings in which mutual prosperity is 
 involved. From their presence enterprise and the 
 enterprising fled away. True it is now, as true it was 
 when Goldsmith penned it, — 
 
 * See " Trade and Commerce." 
 
218 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 '* II! fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, 
 AVliere wealth accumulates, and mendec;iy." 
 
 Beyond the manufacture of brick, in wliicb there 
 are six yards engaged, the village has now no eom- 
 mercial business. The prosperous city which, under 
 proper development, might have resulted from its 
 foiinding, remains a city " neither perfected nor in- 
 choate." 
 
 New Windmr Ferrij. — All traditions agree that at 
 tlie village of New Windsor a ferry was maintained 
 to Fishlcill at a very early period. There is no evi- 
 dence, however, of a chartered privilege there as at 
 Newburgh. In 1742, April 12th, Joseph Sackett, Jr., 
 representing himself as " seized in fee of and in a 
 small piece of land at a place called New Windsor, in 
 the county of Ulster, lying on the west side of Hud- 
 son's River and contiguous thereto, between the land 
 of John Alsop, on the north, and of Thomas Ellison 
 on the south," petitioned for a "grant of the sole 
 liberty of having a ferry at any convenient place 
 within the distance of five miles on each side of his 
 said laud, with the privilege of landing on the oppo- 
 site shore." In the minutes of the " Proceedings of 
 the Proprietors of New Windsor," Feb. 12, 1755, it is 
 written : " A letter was directed to be sent to Vincent 
 Matthews, asking him to prepare a jjetition to his 
 Honor the Lieutenant-Governor, for a charter for a 
 public ferry for the benefit of tlie proprietors of the 
 said township of New Windsor." A still later peti- 
 tion is on file at Albany (Nov. 23, 1762), signed by 
 Matthew DuBois, Jr., praying " a grant of the exclu- 
 sive right of ferriage on the east side of Hudson's 
 River, for the distance of one hundred and sixty 
 chains (two miles) to the southward of an east line 
 across the said river from the north side of Quassaick 
 Creek, for the purpose of establishing a ferry across 
 said river." 
 
 There is no record that any of these petitions were 
 granted, or that that referred to in the minutes of the 
 proprietors was ever presented ; but that there was an 
 established ferry there is certain. Morgan and his 
 riflemen passed over the river on its boats in July, 
 1775, on their march to join Washington at Boston. 
 At that time it was owned by Martin Wiltsie, of Fish- 
 kill, and Daniel Carpenter, of New Windsor, and ran 
 from what was long known as the Lower Landing at 
 Fishkill (now Loinas' brickyard) to New Windsor, or 
 to Newburgh if required by pa.ssengers. It is said 
 that it was a chartered ferry, but if so the grant is not 
 recorded. Its history is more or less connected with 
 that of the Golden or Newburgh ferry, and of the 
 Continental ferry. The former was granted a charter i 
 in 1743, by which its proprietor had the exclusive i 
 right to convey passengers from Newburgh to Fish- 
 kill, but contained no ferriage right from Fishkill; 
 the latter, the Continental ferry, was established by ! 
 authority of the quartermaster-general of the Conti- 
 nental army, and ran from the Upper Landing at | 
 Fishkill to the foot of Third Street at Newburgh. It ' 
 
 was discontinued in 1782. Whether the boats which 
 it employed were taken from the Golden ferry or oth- 
 erwise su]>plied does not appear, but its discontinu- 
 ance was the occasion of the establishment, by Peter 
 Bogardus, of Fishkill, and John Anderson and James 
 Denton, of Newburgh, of a new ferry, which was an- 
 nounced by advertisement as " a private ferry at Fish- 
 kill and Newburgh Landings, where the public ferry 
 was formerly kept," — i.e., from the LTpper Landing at 
 Fishkill to the foot of Third Street at Newburgh. 
 Wiltsie and Carpenter replied to this advertisement 
 that its language implied that their ferry " was no 
 more," whereas, on the contrary, their ferry "being 
 opposite to New Windsor," was " the most convenient 
 for travelers," and added : " We have furnished our- 
 selves with excellent new Pettyaugars for tliat pur- 
 pose. We have now larger scows building with great 
 expedition, for transporting loaded wagons. All such 
 as chuse to cross at this ferry can do so at the prices 
 set forth underneath, which are as cheap as at any 
 other ferries. For a footman, one shilling; man and 
 horse, two shillings ; two-horse wagon, nine sliillings; 
 loaded do., twelve shillings; four-horse wagon, four- 
 teen shillings; loaded do., one pound; riding chair, 
 six shillings ; phaeton and pair, twelve shillings ; ton 
 of iron, eight shillings ; hogshead of rum, five shil- 
 lings." The Wiltsie ferry was consolidated with the 
 Newburgh ferry in 180.">, — a fate, it may be remarked, 
 which also overtook the Bogardus and Anderson ferry, 
 as well as a ferry which was subsequently established 
 by John Peter DeWitt, from the Fishkill Long Wharf 
 to the foot of Fourth Street at Newburgh. Prior to 
 its consolidation with the Newburgh ferry, however, 
 Abraham Schultz established a ferry from New Wind- 
 sor to Fishkill, announcing, in 18UU, that he had " pro- 
 vided a complete new ferry boat," which would " ply 
 continually between New Windsor and Fishkill Land- 
 ing," and that he intended " to pay particular atten- 
 tion to the business." It is said that this ferry was 
 discontinued in 1S12, but this is presumed to be an 
 error. No ferry has been maintained, however, for a 
 number of years. 
 
 Mr. William H. Bartley, who spent a half-century 
 of his life in boating on the Hudson, principally in 
 the vicinity of Newburgh, states that his brother, 
 Jacob Bartley, was in the employ of Wiltsie and Car- 
 penter for a number of years as their ferryman at New 
 Windsor, sailing a pirogue from the dock immediately 
 north of the Schultz dock to the Lower Landing. On 
 the Fishkill side of the river the ferryman was Grom. 
 Wiltsie, a slave owned by Martin Wiltsie, who also 
 sailed a pirogue.* These vessels and two or more 
 row-boats constituted the ferry appointments. At the 
 Lower Landing, on the Fishkill side, Wiltsie had a 
 
 * A perinuger was the old Spanish pimgiu; which found its way to the 
 Hudson with the Dutch. It was pointed at both ends, had t«o masts 
 hut no bowsprit. Wlien liorses ajid carriages were to be conveyed they 
 were detaclted and lifted into the boat by a purchase on the masts, or 
 driven on over wide gang-planks. 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 ;i9 
 
 large store-house and other accommodations, and 
 sailed from thence to New York a line of sloops. 
 The store- house was burned .^ome years ago. The 
 boats landed passengers at Newburgh whenever it 
 was desired ; indeed, a very considerable traffic was 
 carried on between Newburgh and Fishkill. 
 
 General Business. — The early business men of the 
 village, aside from those who were engaged in freight- 
 ing, have a very imperfect record. Capt. Jonathan 
 Lawrence kept store there, and Isaac Schultz & Son 
 a tavern, in 1776. Abraham Van Deursen ''opened a 
 house of entertainment at the sign of the Confedera- 
 tion," in 1782. William Scudder opened a land-office 
 in July, 179.3. Benjamin S. Hoyt, "practitioner of 
 physic and surgery," sold medicines in 1798. Matthew 
 C. Lyon was a physician there prior to that time ; he 
 died in 1798. Richard E^dgerton sold dry-goods and 
 groceries, and carried on the shoemaking business; 
 Sandford & Fitch sold dry-goods, ironmongery, 
 crockery, etc. ; Isaac Schultz & Son, dry-goods, gro- 
 ceries, and general merchandise ; William Ward car- 
 ried on the silversmith liusiness " a few rods south of 
 the ferry." The advertisements of these gentlemen 
 apjiear in the New Whidsor (jazei/e, a weekly news- 
 paper, the publication of which was commenced by 
 Jacob Schultz, Nov. 10, 1797. The freighters all kept 
 general stores, — dry-gooils and mackerel, silks and 
 hardware, sugar and nails, and the customary stocks 
 of the times. Nathan Smith and Henry Brewster 
 were blacksmiths in colonial days. Isaac Schultz was 
 a school-teacher before he became a merchant. 
 
 Famous Buildings. — The headquarters of Washing- 
 ton at the old Thomas Ellison house, immediately 
 south of the old bounds of the old village, is referred 
 to in another place. Aside from this there are no 
 other buildings historically remarkable, except that 
 known as the birthplace of DeWitt Clinton. Not- 
 withstanding all that has been written to the contrary, 
 we have little doubt that he was born here, and not 
 in Deerpark or in Little Britain. Charles Clinton, of 
 Little Britain, who was the clerk of the " proprietors," 
 erected in the village a house, barn, etc., some time 
 about 1760. He transferred his clerkship to his son, 
 James, the father of DeWitt, in 1762 ; and in 1773 
 sold and transferred to him the property. James 
 married Mary DeWitt, of Deerpark, and her first child, 
 Alexander, was born there in 1765. In the spring of 
 17(56 he commenced " housekeeping" in his house in 
 New Windsor village, and there his son Charles was 
 born in 1767, and his son DeWitt in 1769. After the 
 death of his father in 1773, James removed to the 
 homestead in Little Britain, and remained there dur- 
 ing the Revolution. The only question at issue we 
 believe to be whether James resided in New Windsor 
 village, and that is apparently .settled by letters from 
 his father, dated at Little Britain and addressed to 
 Capt. James Clinton at New Windsor, covering the 
 date of DeWitt's birth, and by the facts stated in re- 
 gard to the house and the business in which James 
 
 w-as engaged. During the Revolution the house was 
 occupied, at least a part of the time, as a hospital. It 
 stands on the west side of the road near the foot of 
 New Windsor hill, and although it has been repaired 
 and changed somewhat, it has still the original frame- 
 work of its first construction. 
 
 Presbyterian Church unci CenietKrij. — The oidy church 
 in the village, the New Windsor Presbyterian Church, 
 was organized Sept. 14, 1764. Its history is given 
 elsewhere. Attached to it is a cemetery, in which 
 1 repose the remains of many of the early residents not 
 only of the village, but of the surrounding district. 
 
 OK.V.NGEVILLE OR MOODNA. 
 The purchase and settlement of the district now 
 known as Moodna was made by Nathaniel and Sam- 
 uel Hazard some time between 1728 and 1740, who 
 laid out a township plot under the name of Orange- 
 ville. After laying out their plot, they established a 
 landing at Sloop Hill (a short distance below Smith's 
 Half-way House), and erected a mill and a dwelling- 
 house, the latter more recently owned by Nathaniel 
 Sands, and the former, after many conversions, now 
 constituting a manufactory of linen goods by White- 
 side Brothers. At the time of the purchase l)y the 
 
 "Hazards, the bay at the mouth of the creek had a 
 sufficient depth of water to float vessels of the largest 
 class. Availing themselves of this fact, and as a part 
 of their enterprise, they built a ship on the bank of 
 the creek, just north of the shore road leading to 
 Cornwall ; but while the vessel was still on the stocks 
 there came an extraordinary freshet (probably in the 
 spring of 1741), and the soil being a quicksand fillefJ 
 up the mouth of the creek beyond the possibility of 
 navigation for large vessels. They succeeded in 
 getting their ship to the river by the aid of barrels ; 
 but the expense incurred, together with the destruc- 
 tion of their township plan, which was contingent upon 
 their harbor, proved their ruin. Their mill subse- 
 quently passed to John Vanaurdel (1753), then to 
 John Arthur ; from the latter to Joseph Horton 
 (1778); by the executors of Horton to John and 
 James Thorne (1789), who sold to Samuel Sackett 
 in May, 1803. Sackett sold to Lawrence & Van Bu- 
 ren in 1813 ; the latter to Wyckoff & Van Buren. 
 William B. Leonard purchased it in 1845, and con- 
 verted it into a cotton factory, and ran it as such u|> 
 to 1860. The Whiteside Brothers purchased it in 
 1862, and changed its machinery to the manufacture 
 
 ' of linen goods, but without success. During its occu- 
 pation by Sackett, and subsequently under Lawrence 
 & Van Buren, it had a very extensive patronage, and 
 it was not an unfreijuent occurrence to see a line of 
 wagons a half-mile long waiting their turn to unload 
 wheat at its door. The wharf which the Hazards 
 constructed proved also, in the hands of their succes- 
 sors, a profitable venture. No little commerce wa.s 
 
 , carried on from it as late as 1845, the shipments being 
 mainly the products of the flouring-mill and of other 
 
220 
 
 illSTOllY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 manufacturing establishments, for wliicli the valley 
 became noted in later yeai's, and which will presently 
 be noticed. That part of the property which passed 
 to Nathaniel Sands was occupied by him for many 
 years, during a considerable portion of which he con- 
 ducted a cider-mill and distillery. In the same vi- 
 cinity Britton Moore had a tannery, — subsequently 
 continued by Mr. Pelamater, who also established a 
 rope-walk and a saw- and plaster-mill. 
 
 Among the early settlers in the valley was Samuel 
 Brewster, who built a saw-mill on the north side of 
 the creek, just below the bridge at the foot of Forge 
 Hill, and also (1755) a ilwelling immediately opposite, 
 now commonly known as the Williams house, and 
 traditionally recognized as the headquarters of Lafay- 
 ette.* The mill soon gave place to a forge and 
 anchor-shop, known as Brewster's forge, at which, 
 during the Revolution, a considerable portion of the 
 chains were made which were used to obstruct the 
 navigation of the river at Fort Montgomery and at 
 West Point. The site of the old forge can easily be 
 traced by the cinders and debris which are turned up 
 by the plow. 
 
 A short distance east from the Brewster or Wil- 
 liams house was a tlouring-mill erected by Jonas 
 Williams, and subsequently conducted by himself 
 and sons (1794)., under the name of Jonas Williams 
 & Co. Jonathan and Jacob Morrell came into its 
 possession at a later period ; they engaged in the man- 
 ufacture of cut nails, and carried on a very extensive 
 business. Caleb and Thomas Williams succeeded the 
 Jlorrells and engaged in the manufacture of snuff, 
 which they sold from their wagons throughout the 
 country. Reid & Storm were the next owners ; to 
 the business of snuff manufacture they added that of 
 fine-cut tobacco. The next proprietor was Mrs. Mil- 
 ler, wliose " Roseleaf Snuff and Tobacco" enjoyed a 
 world-wide fame and gave her a fortune. In the 
 prosecution of her business rose-leaves were of course 
 a necessity, to supply which she planted four acres 
 with the variety known as the Philadelphia rose. 
 The lot on which the planting was made is still 
 known, but the roses and their fragrance have passed 
 away. Mrs. Millers business was continued for some 
 years by her son-in-law, Andrew H. Mickle, who was 
 at one time mayor of the city of New York. 
 
 About 1843, Leonard, Hone & Nicoll put up a fac- 
 tory for the manufacture of cotton goods on the site 
 now occupied by the Highland paj)er-mills.. The 
 iirst story was of brick and the two upper frame. In 
 September, 1845, it was destroyed by fire. In 1847 it 
 was rebuilt wholly of brick, and run by Mr. Hazel- 
 hurst for a few years as a shoddy-mill. In 1850 the 
 property was purchased by D. Carson & Co., formerly 
 of the Carsbn mills, in Massachusetts (David and 
 David F. B. Carson and Erastus Ide), and converted 
 into a paper-mill, to which use it has since been de- 
 
 * See " Revolutionary Localities." 
 
 voted, with some changes in the proprietorship. It 
 is now owned by Jamas P. Townsend, of Ncwburgh, 
 and is the only prosecuted manufacturing industry in 
 the ancient township of Orangeville. 
 
 The hamlet has a post-office under the name of 
 Moodna ; the school-house of District No. 2 is also 
 located there, and it has a few dwellings, princi- 
 pally occupied by operatives in the mills. It is not 
 impossible that in the adjustments and readjustments 
 of manufacturing industry which are constantly going 
 on, the now almost neglected hydraulic power of Mur- 
 derer's Creek at Moodna will again be utilized. 
 
 We have to add to this sketch simply that the name 
 " Moodna" was bestowed by N. P. Willis, whose 
 poetic mind could see nothing valuable in the historic 
 name of Orangeville. 
 
 QUASSArCK VALLEY. 
 The water-power of the Quassaick, on the northern 
 boundary of the town, was not employed at a very 
 early period. The first record of its use was by Robert 
 Boyd, Jr., who erected, in June, 1775, a forge for the 
 manufacture of guns, Ijayonets, etc. He obtained a 
 contract from the Revolutionary government of the 
 State, by the terms of which he was to receive "three 
 pounds fifteen shillings, New York money, for each 
 good musket, with steel ramrod and bayonet and 
 scabbard." In February, 1776, he was able to write 
 that he had " the best gunsmith's shop in the col- 
 onies ;" but nevertheless its capacity was limited from 
 the difficulty in obtaining workmen. The first regi- 
 ments organized in the State were mainly armed with 
 guns of his manufacture. He relinquished the busi- 
 ness some time about 1800, and converted the works 
 into a plaster-mill. The next change was in 1808, 
 when George Parker and Abner Armstrong adver- 
 tised that they had " erected machines for breaking 
 and carding wool at the plaster-mill of Robert Boyd, 
 on the road leading from New Windsor to Newburgh, 
 one mile from each place." The property was sold 
 by Samuel Boyd to George Reid, who converted it 
 into a paper-mill. From the Reid estate it passed to 
 John Barker, who manufiictured hats. Barker sold 
 to Benj. Carpenter, at which time it was operated by 
 John H. Waters, who manufactured woolen goods. 
 Carpenter sold to George Crawshaw, Crawshaw to 
 William H. Beede, Beede to Edward Haigh, by whom 
 it was operated under the title of the " Valley Woolen 
 Mills." 
 
 The second privilege (long known as Schultz' mill) 
 was occupied by Governor George Clinton, who erected 
 a grist-mill and a saw-mill. He sold the property to 
 Hugh Walsh, including the adjoining farm, in 1790, 
 and Walsh, on the 5th of July of that year, sold to 
 Isaac Schultz. The property conveyed by Walsh con- 
 sisted of thirty-two acres, extending west from Hud- 
 son's River to lands of Robert Boyd, and included the 
 undivided half part of " grist-mill stream of water" 
 and laud under water on the Hudson. The mill stood 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 221 
 
 a short distance west of the Hudson, on the east side 
 of the oUl King's road. In 1794 (July 6th), Schultz 
 sold to Daniel Byrnes the lot on the east, including 
 one-half of the mill building, the division line being 
 " the middle of the post next west of the north door 
 of said mill," including one-half of the flume, etc., 
 and two grist-mills were thereafter run under one 
 roof, the proprietors being particular to say " their 
 several mills" in their advertisements. Isaac Schultz 
 continued his mill until his death in 1802, when it 
 came into the possession of his brother Jacob, who 
 sold it to Peter Townsend. The Byrnes mill and 
 property attached passed from Dinah Byrnes, widow 
 of Daniel, to Caleb Byrnes, who sold to Richard 
 Trimble in 1801, and it was continued by him for 
 some years. Trimble sold to Elisha Hale in 183."), 
 and Elisha Hale to Philip A. Verplanck in 1837. 
 Verplanck closed the race-way and suti'ered the mill 
 to decay on its foundations. 
 
 The third privilege was occupied by Hugh Walsh, 
 who retained one-half of the mill-stream in his deed 
 to Schultz, and who, in company with John Craig, 
 erected, in 1792, the paper-mill afterwards owned by 
 his son, John H. Walsh, and now by his grandson, 
 J. DeWitt Walsh. This mill is still in successful 
 operation, and is situated at the extreme west end of 
 the valley. 
 
 The fourth privilege was that embraced in the pur- 
 chase from Jacob Schultz by Peter Townsend, and 
 was known as the cannon-foundry. This foundry 
 was erected by Peter Townsend, in 1816, on a site im- 
 mediately west of the Schultz mill, and consisted of 
 two furnaces and four boring-mills. Here, in July, 
 1817, was tested " the first cannon ever manufactured 
 in the State of New York," and which, for superiority 
 of " metal and accuracy of firing," had then never 
 been excelled. The undertaking was not a financial 
 success, however, and the property passed into the 
 possession of the United States government and sub- 
 sequently to John A. Tompkins, al)out 1830, who con- 
 verted it into a machine-shop. Mr. Tompkins was 
 accidentally drowned in December, 1838, and the 
 liroperty came into the possession of Charles Ludlow 
 and Christopher B. Miller, from whom it passed to 
 Mr. Stcrritt, who converted it into a pin-factory. 
 This business also failed, and Joseph Longking and 
 ^Varon F. Palmer took it for the manufacture ol' daguer- 
 rean instruments, cases, etc., but with no better suc- 
 cess. The last occupant was John Gray, who con- 
 verted it into a flour-mill. While being occupied by 
 him it was destroyed by fire. Those who remember 
 the activity which at one time prevailed here, can 
 best appreciate the desolation that now sits with folded 
 wings on its ruins. 
 
 West of the old Boyd mill, George Reid established 
 a paper-mill, date not ascertained. Reid died in 
 1837 or 18.38, and from his executors the property 
 passed to John H. Walsh & Sons ; from them to 
 Samuel A. Walsh ; from him to Charles H. Have- 
 
 meyer ; from Havemeyer's executors to Mrs. Have- 
 meyer, and from her to Edward Haigh. This prop- 
 erty, formerly the Quassaick Woolcn-JIills, now the 
 Windsor Woolen-Mills, is next east of the high 
 bridge on Quassaick Avenue. 
 
 The last of the milling enterprises is on a site sold 
 by John H. Walsh to Alexander Marshall ; Marshall 
 to Darlington ; Darlington to Isaac K. Oakley ; Oak- 
 ley to Adams & Bishop. This mill has been for sev- 
 eral years engaged in the manufacture of paper. 
 
 VAIL'.? GATE OK MORTONVILLB. 
 
 Notwithstanding repeated ettbrts to change its 
 name to Mortonville, the settlement long known as 
 Vail's Gate retains that title in local records and in 
 railroad connections. It is a hamlet at the junction 
 of the New Windsor and Blooming-Grove turnpike 
 and the Snake Hill turnpike, and immediately south- 
 east of the junction of the Newburgh Branch and 
 Short-Cut Railroads. The name is from Mr. Vail, an 
 old resident, and for many years keeper of the gate 
 on the Blooming-Grove turnpike. For the same 
 reason it was at one time known as Tooker's Gate. 
 It has a school-house, and a short distance east is 
 the Vail's Gate or Union Methodist Episcopal 
 church. The latter is one of the oldest Methodist 
 societies in the county, having been founded as the 
 John Ellison class in 1789. The Edmonston house 
 is also located here ; it will be referred to hereafter. 
 East from the Methodist church is the John Ellison 
 house, historically known as " Knox's Headquarters," 
 and adjoining it is the Ellison grist-mill and the 
 building known as the first Methodist church. The 
 house and mill were erected in 1754, the church 
 building in 1790. The latter was not strictly for 
 Methodists, but for itinerant preachers of all denomi- 
 nations. From the occupation of the property by 
 Maj. Charles F. Morton, we have the name of Mor- 
 tonville, which he once succeeded in grafting upon 
 i the list of post-offices. 
 
 LITTLE BRITAIN. 
 
 The boundaries of the district known as Little Brit- 
 ain have never been very accurately defined. Not 
 unlike ancient New Windsor, which is said to have 
 extended twenty miles on the Hudson when it was 
 but little more than two, it has been written that Lit- 
 tle Britain embraced the entire country bounded east 
 by the village of New Windsor, west by Montgomery, 
 north by Newburgh, and south by Blooming-Grove, 
 including part of the latter, as well as of Montgomery 
 and Hamptonburgh. These traditional boundaries are 
 not without some probability, if they are considered as 
 representing the radius of the settlement more or less 
 intimately associated with those made on the patent 
 to Andrew .lohnston, but the latter must be accepted 
 as not only the centre of the district, but the seat of 
 the name. His patent (see Map of Patents) lies west 
 of the Little Britain church. The main road, leading 
 
222 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 from Xewburgh to Goshen, runs through the centre 
 of it. Beginning at the church, it extends west to 
 the roiid that leads to the farm now owned by James 
 (retty (opposite the residence of Joseph B. Burnet). 
 On the soutli it is bounded by the south lines of the 
 farm now or late of John S. Bull, and the farm now 
 owned by Peter and George Welling. The north 
 lines of the farms of Joseph H. Howell, Jarvis Knap, 
 and the heirs of John R. Scott form its north bound- 
 ary. It is one hundred chains in width, and two 
 hundred chains in length, and is supposed to have 
 contained 2000 acres. Its north and south lines now 
 run about north twenty-two degrees east.* The pat- 
 entee ran a division line through the centre of the 
 patent, north and south, and sold it in lots or farms to 
 different parties. 
 
 The first purchaser and settler on the patent was 
 John Humphrey, in 1724, who located on the north 
 part west of the division line, on the farm now or 
 latel.v owned by Joseph H. Howell. The second 
 purchaser was Peter Mullinder (as the name was then 
 spelled), in 1729, whose farm lot of 250 acres adjoined 
 Humphrey on the south. The third purchaser was 
 Robert Burnet, in 1720; his farm adjoined that of 
 Mullinder. The fourth was John Reid, the father- 
 in-law of Burnet, who purchased at the same date, 
 1720. Charles Clinton, Mrs. Mary McClaughry, 
 Alexander Denniston, and John Young were the 
 next in order, in 1731 . There was also a purchase by 
 one Maillard (date uncertain), subsequently the Car- 
 scadden farm. These purchasers absorbed the patent. 
 Mullinder, who came in in 1729, was an Englishman 
 and perhaps a former resident of the section of Lon- 
 don known as Little Britain. However .this may i 
 be, in imitation of the custom in his native land, he 
 named his settlement or farm Little Britain, and from 
 him and his farm the title was accepted and extended 
 not only to the patent, but to the district, in precisely 
 the same manner that "' my farm caMed Warwick" j 
 became ap;)lied to the town of Warwick. It will 
 be admitted, of course, that the honor of conferring 
 the name has been given to Charles Clinton, but 
 without authority; on the contrary, Clinton was the 
 last man who had regard for Britain in any of its as- 
 pects. He was of Irish birth and an exile, and had 
 he had a name to bestow would not have selected one 
 so suggestive of many of his misfortunes. 
 
 All through the large district to which the name 
 was applied the great majority of the settlers were 
 Scotch-Irish or English-Irish, and nearly all were 
 Presbyterians. Agreeing very generally in their re- 
 ligious views, they were also remarkable for the uni- 
 formity of their political convictions. When it came 
 «low:i to the era of the Revolution, there were but 
 few who were Tories or King's men, and these were 
 mainly members of the Church of England, of whom 
 
 '''■ These bouiidarie-s and many other facts have been kindly furnished 
 l>y Mr. Josepli B. Burnet, surveyor, and for several years supervisor of 
 the lown. 
 
 there was a sprinkling in the neighborhood. Charles 
 Clinton, through his sons. Governor George and Gen. 
 James, and his grandson Governor DeWitt, has, per- 
 haps, the most extended historical reputation in the 
 politics of the State; while in the religious field the 
 line of descendants from his sister, Mrs. Christiana 
 Beatty, now represented by Rev. Charles Clinton 
 Beatty, D.D., the influence of the Clinton blood is not 
 less marked. The neighborhood was composed ot 
 men of strong natural abilities and marked character. 
 There are two churches in the district, — the Little 
 Britain Presbyterian and the Little Britain Metho- 
 dist Episcopal. 
 
 THE SQU.4,RE. 
 
 The Squaie — by some now called Washington 
 Square — is a part of Little Britain, although it is not 
 completed in the town of New Windsor. Its name is 
 from the fact that the public roads run in such direc- 
 tion as to form a diamond. These roads are that 
 leading to Xewburgh, the Goshen road, the Little 
 Britain road, and the road to New Windsor, At the 
 outbreak of the Revolution, it received the name of 
 Liberty Square, a title by which it is also designated 
 on Clinton's map of the town in 1798. The appella- 
 tion is said to have been bestowed from the fact that 
 there were none living on any one of the four roads 
 whose disloyalty was questionable. The Falls house, 
 the headquarters of St. Clair and Gates, and the quar- 
 ters of Lafayette are a part of the history of the Square, 
 
 RAGVILLE, ROCK TAVERN, Err'. 
 
 " Ragville" is the title of a hamlet of half a dozen 
 houses and a blacksmith's shop, about two miles west 
 of the Little Britain church. Its name came from a 
 man named Davenport, who had a store there and 
 exchanged goods for rags. Tlie first jiroperty beyoml 
 was formerly the famous Morrison tavern and distil- 
 lery, and further west Rock tavern. Both of these 
 taverns were in early times important factors in the 
 social and political life of the district. Rock tavern 
 takes its name from the rock on which it is erected 
 Company trainings were held here, as well as political 
 meetings and Fourth of July celebrations, althougli 
 the former and the latter have not been heard of in 
 the memory of the present generation. It was here 
 also that the initiatory steps were taken in the or- 
 ganization of the present county of Orange. Botli 
 taverns were embraced in the road district known al 
 an early date as Hunting-Grove, which extended west 
 to the Otterkill, and included the settlement then 
 known as Hunting-Grove, but more recently called 
 Bushkirk's Mills and Burnside Post-office. The name 
 of the settlement was bestowed by Nathan Smith 
 who established mills and a store there, and figured 
 largely in local and State politics. A considerable 
 portion of the district is now in the town of Hamp- 
 tonburgh, while the name Hunting-Grove, after the 
 adoption of Blooming-Grove by the inhabitants o: 
 
( , ^'S^ 
 
 BROOKS/DC. 
 
 Res. of ROBERT MORISON, L/rrtE Britain, Orange Co N.Y. 
 
 The above is a view of the old Belknap homestead, which was purchased by Mr. Mor- 
 rison from Alexander Denniston in 1872. The latter bought it from George A. Denniston, 
 who inherited it from his father, James Denniston, he having bought it from Benjamin Belknap 
 in 1820. Benjamin inherited it from his father, Jeduthan Belknap, in 1817. The house, 
 though somewhat changed, was built about the year 1770. The mill seen on the margin 
 (still kept in repair and used by Mr. Morrison for lumbering) was built about the same time. 
 
 The old burying-ground on the place, where lie the remains of a number of the Belknap 
 family, is still kgpt in repair by their descendants, and often visited. 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 223 
 
 that town, fell into disuse. Another of the once 
 noted localities now lost to the town was Stonefield, 
 the residence and grammar-school of Rev. John Mof- 
 fat, who had among his pupils some of the most noted 
 men of earlier times. 
 
 IV.— EEVOLUTIONAHY LOCALITIES. 
 WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 The headquarters of ^Vashingtou at New Windsor 
 were at the Ellissn homestead, then of Col. Thomas 
 Ellison, and subsequently of his son, William Ellison. 
 The house was torn down some years ago. It stood 
 on the brow of the hill on the east side of the road, 
 immediately south of the line of the village of New 
 Windsor. Washington came to this place in June, 
 177'.i, and again in the fall of 1780, and remained 
 until the summer of 1781. The leading events in the 
 army during this period were the revolt of the Penn- 
 sylvania troops under Gen. Wayne, in camp at Mor- 
 ristown,'N. J., and the arrangement of the details of 
 the campaign of 1781, which closed with the victory 
 at Yorktown in October. 
 
 The circumstances which led to the estrangement 
 between Washington and Hamilton, resulting in the 
 ■withdrawal of Hamilton from his position as aide-de- 
 camp, occurred here in 1781. It is referred to simply 
 to correct the impression which prevails that Hamil- 
 ton was the chosen counselor of Washington ; that 
 he and not Washington was the author of the reply 
 to the Newburgh Letters, and that he and not Wash- 
 ington was the author of many of the public papers 
 of Washington, including his Farewell Address. The 
 facts are that after the episode at the Ellison house, 
 Washington had no intercourse with Hamilton what- 
 ever, except such as becatnc necessary in their official 
 relations as members of the Constitutional Convention 
 of 1786, and subsequently while Hamilton was Secre- 
 tary of the Treasury during the first and part of the 
 second term of Washington's administration. The 
 story, as related by Hamilton, in a letter to Gen. 
 Schuyler, under date of " Headipiarters, New Wind- 
 sor, Feb. 18, 1781," is as follows : 
 
 ".Since I had the pleasure of writing you last, an unexpected clianj^e 
 has taken place in my situation. I am no longer a member of the Gen- 
 eraPs family. This information will surprise you, and the manner of 
 the change will surprise you more. Two days ago the General and I 
 passed each other on the stairs. He told me he had wanted to speak to 
 me. I answered that I wouhl wait upon him immediately. I went be- 
 low and delivered Mr Tilghman a letter to he sent to the commissary, 
 containing an order of a pressing and interesting nature. Iteturning 
 to the General I was stopped on the way by the Marquis de La Fayette, 
 and we conversed together about a minute on a matter of business, lie 
 can testify how impatient I was to get back, and that I left him in a 
 manner which, but for our intimacy, wjuld have been more than ab- 
 rupt. Instead of finding the General, as is usual, in his room, I met 
 him at the head of the stairs, where, accosting me in an angry tone, 
 'Colonel Hamilton,' he said, 'you have kept me waiting at the head 
 of the stairs these ten minutes. T must tell you, sir, you treat me 
 with disrespect.' I replied without petulaucy, but with decision, 
 *I am nt)t conscious of it, sir, but since you have thouglit it neces- 
 s.ary to tell mo so, we part.' 'Very well, sir.' said he, 'if it be your 
 choice,' or something to that effect, and we separated. In less than an hour 
 
 I 
 
 afterwards, Tilghman came to me in the General's name, assuring me of 
 bis desire, in a candid conversation, to heal a difterence which could not 
 have happened except in a moment of passion." 
 
 This interview Hamilton declined, and excused the 
 step which he had taken to his dislike for the office 
 of an aide-de-camp "as having a kind of per.sonal 
 dependence." 
 
 In regard to the occupancy of the house by Wash- 
 ington in 1779, the following note has been preserved 
 among the papers of Col. Thomas Ellison : 
 
 " Headqu.\rters, S.mith's Ci.ove, 2lst June, 17711. 
 *' V2 past 5 P.M. 
 '■ His Excellency, the commander-in-chief, thinks proper to accept 
 your house as Headquarters, from the description I gave liim on my re- 
 turn from thence last night. He with his guard set off immediately" 
 and his baggage will follow. Your most obt. Humble Servt. 
 
 '■ To Col. Ellison. C. GIBB." 
 
 Gibb was then the captain-commandant of Wash- 
 ington's guard. During the winter of 1781, Mrs. 
 Washington occupied the house in company with her 
 husband. 
 
 PLUM POINT. 
 
 Plum Point, the site of the first European settle- 
 ment in Orange County, lies a short distance below 
 the Ellison house, and forms the north bank of Mur- 
 derer's Creek at its confluence with the Hudson. The 
 theory in regard to its formation is that in the con- 
 vulsion attending the dissolution of the glacial period 
 it was pushed out from its original bed by the jires- 
 sure of water and ice. It has an area of about eighty 
 acres, approached over a natural causeway. On the 
 southeast side was located, in a very early part of the 
 war, a battery of fourteen guns, designed to assist iu 
 maintaining the obstructions to the navigation of the 
 river, which at this point consisted of r-hevaux-de-frise 
 stretching across to Pallopel's Island. The battery 
 was maintained during the war for the purpose origi- 
 nally designed, and for the protection of the works in 
 the vicinity. It was known in official orders as " Capt. 
 Machin's Battery at New Windsor." Outlines of its 
 embrasures may yet be seen, and can be approached 
 by visitors from the residence of the proprietor or by 
 the old army road, which runs around the face of the 
 hill from the Nicol homestead. 
 
 LAFAYETTE'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 The Brewster house, known as Lafayette's head- 
 quarters, is at Moodna, just beyond the paper-mills of 
 James P. Townsend. Of its occupation by Lafayette 
 there is only traditionary evidence ; at best it was so 
 occupied by him for a brief period in 1779, while 
 Washington w-as at the Ellison house. The house, 
 which is now occupied by tenants, has suffered very 
 little change, the old stairways and the quaintly-carved 
 mantels being retained, though showing the wear of 
 time. The vault in the cellar is said to have been the 
 place of deposit of the money known as the " Dutch 
 loan," but on what authority does not appear. The 
 building was erected by SamuePBrewster, it is said, in 
 
224 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 1755, and after his deatli was ocupied by his snn-iii- 
 law, Jonas Williams. The I'act that Mr. Brewster was 
 an ardent Whig and a member of tbe Committee of 
 Safety, as well as a most reputable eitizen, may have 
 brought Lafayette to his residence. 
 
 EDMONSTOX HOUSE. 
 
 The Edmonstou house, at Vail's Gate, is Icnown as 
 the headquarters of Gens. Gates and St. Clair.* Very 
 little is said concerning their occupation of it, how- 
 ever; indeed, there is doubt in regard to the matter, 
 it being traditionally asserted that the hospital stores 
 and headquarters of the medical start' were here, and 
 tliat the officers named were at the building on the 
 opposite side of the road, where they were stationed 
 during the winter of 1782-83. Dr. Thacher writes, 
 under date of April 30, 1781, " I accompanied Dr. 
 John Hart to New Windsor, to pay our respects to 
 Dr. John Cochran, who is lately promoted to the 
 office of director-general of the hospitals of the I'nited 
 States, as successor to Dr. Shippen, resigned." On 
 the 15th of December, 1782, he writes, " Dined with 
 my friends Drs. Townseud, Eustis, and Adams, at the 
 hospital, in company with Gens. Gates and Howe, and 
 their aides. Dr. Cochran, our surgeon-general, and sev- 
 eral other officers. Our entertainment was ample and 
 elegant." The hospital referred to was near the Tem- 
 ple on the camp-ground. The Edmonston building 
 is of stone, and is said to have been erected in 1755. 
 It stands a short distance from the point where the 
 Short-Cut intersects the Newburgh branch of the Erie 
 Railroad, and certainly does not present the appear- 
 ance of capacity for a very large military family. 
 
 FALLS HOUSE. 
 
 The Falls house, Little Britain Square, was occu- 
 pied by Governor George Clinton, as commander-in- 
 chief of the military forces of the State, for a short 
 time in October, 1777. Clinton and his brother, Gen. 
 James, were in command at the forts in the High- 
 lands at the time of their reduction, Oct. 7, 1777. 
 The former was then a resident of the house subse- 
 quently of Capt. Charles Ludlow, a short distance 
 north of New Windsor village. On the fall of the 
 forts his family made liasty retreat to the interior, and 
 found temporary refuge at the residence of Mrs. Falls. 
 The troops who escaped from the forts, as well as the 
 militia of the district that had ncit been engaged, were 
 rendezvoused in the vicinity, and reorganized prior to 
 their march for the defense of Kingston. While 
 waiting for his men to come in, on the 10th of Octo- 
 ber, at noon, a horseman came near the canij), where 
 being challenged by a sentinel, he replied, "I am a 
 friend and wish to see Gen. Clinton." On being con- 
 ducted to the Governor's headquarters he discovered 
 that he had made a mistake. He had been sent by 
 
 * Geo. Gatca was at Uie KUisoii house (Knox's lieadquartore) in De- 
 cember, 1782. 
 
 Sir Henry Clinton, of the British forces, with a mes- 
 sage to Gen. Burgoyne, and after passing the High- 
 lands had encountered troops in British uniform. 
 Presuming that Sir Henry's forces had moved for- 
 ward, he drew near the camp only to learn that he 
 was within the lines of the American forces, some ot 
 whom were clothed in British uniform, which had 
 been captured from a-transport some lime previously 
 and had not been re-dyed. When he discovered \iu 
 mistake he was observed to swallow something. To 
 recover the document, or whatever it might be. Dr. 
 Moses Higby, who was at the camp, administered a 
 powerful emetic. This brought from him a small 
 silver ball of an oval form shut with a screw in the 
 middle. " Though closely watched," writes Clinton, 
 " he had tlie art to conceal it a second time. I made 
 him believe I had taken one Capt. Campbell, anothei 
 messenger who was out on the same business; that ] 
 learned from him all I wanted to know, and de- 
 manded the ball on pain of being huiig up instantly 
 and cut open to search for it. This brouglit it forth.'' 
 The ball was found to contain the following : 
 
 ^^'•■^ "Fort MosTi:;nMERY. (.)ct. .*<, 1S7T. 
 
 ** None y ruict ( we come) and nothing between us but Gates. Xsincerel\ 
 liupe tliis little success of oure may facilitate your ojieratiotis. In an 
 ewer to your letter of the 28th Sept., by C. C, I shall only say, I cannot 
 presume to order, or even advise, for reasons obvious. I heartily wish 
 you success. Faithfully yours, 
 
 "Gf.x. Burgoyne. H. CLINTON." 
 
 Taylor, for that was the messenger's name, wa: 
 placed in custody, and on October 14th was tried by 
 court-martial as a spy. He pled his character as a 
 messenger, but without avail, — he was sentenced tc 
 death. The final entry in reference to him occurs 
 under date of October 18th, when Clinton's army wa? 
 at Hurley : '" Daniel Taylor, a spy, lately taken in 
 Little Britain, was hung here. The Rev. Mr. Ro- 
 maine and myself attended him yesterday, and I have 
 spent the morning in discoursing to him, and at- 
 tended him to the gallows. He did not appear to be 
 either a political or a gospel penitent." 
 
 Lossing, in his " Field-Book," states — not witboul 
 authority it is presumed — that Maj. Armstrong, the 
 author of the Newburgh Letters, had his quarters a( 
 the Falls house, and that there those in the secrel 
 held their private conferences. 
 
 KNO.X'S HEADQU.\RTERS. 
 
 A short distance west of Moodna, on the table-land- 
 of New Windsor, stand the house and mills so lona 
 occupied by John Ellison, and erected by his father 
 Col. Thomas Ellison, in 1754, William Bull, tht 
 husband of Sarah Wells, being the builder, as appears 
 by the original contract. It is a picturesque building 
 of stone, with high ceilings, wainscoting, dormer- 
 windows, heavy sash, and small panes of glass 
 Rochambeau is said to have occupied rooms in i1 
 during his brief visit to Washington, and at a latei 
 period it was similarly occupied by Gens. Knox anc 
 Greene. The record of occupation consists of a cer- 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 tificate signed by Gen. Knox, dated West Point, Sept. 
 9, 1783, stating that Gens. Greene and Knox, and Cols. 
 Biddle and Wadsvvorth, " occupied three rooms, as 
 military quarters, in Mr. John Ellison's house five 
 weeks in the months of June and July, 1779 ;" and 
 that "I, the subscriber (Gen. Knox), occupied three 
 rooms as military quarters ten weelcs in the fall of the 
 same year; also, from the 20th of November, 1780, to 
 the 4th of July, 1781, I occupied two rooms as mili- 
 tary quarters ; and from May, 1782, to September, I 
 occupied one room for the same purpose, making 
 fourteen weeks." Altogether his residence there cov- 
 ered a period of over one year, a portion of wliich 
 time, probably from November, 1780, to July, 1781, 
 his wife was with him. Tradition affirms that on one 
 occasion Mrs. Knox gave an entertainment while here, 
 at which Washington opened the dance with Maria 
 Golden, daughter of Cadwallader Colden, Jr.. of Col- 
 denham ; that among the guests were' Gitty Wynkoop 
 and Sally Jansen, of Kingston, who werj groat belles 
 in their day, and that a French officer who was pres- 
 ent gallantly inscribed the names of this trio of beau- 
 ties with his diamond ring on one of the small win- 
 dow-panes in the sash of the principal room. The 
 names remain to attest the truth of the story, the 
 glass having been carefully and almost miraculously 
 preserved for nearly one hundred years. One feels 
 almost as deep an interest in these young women as 
 in the graver military heroes who were there present. 
 Mrs. Col. Hamilton gave her tradition of the assem- 
 blage to Mr. Lossing for his " Field-Book," but now 
 that it appears on written record that she was not 
 present, her story that Washington never danced has 
 little value. Mr. Robert R. Ellison writes: "Maria 
 Colden and Sallie Janseu were relatives of John El- 
 lison, the former through his sister's marriage with 
 Cadwallader Colden, Jr., and the latter through his 
 wife, Catharine Jansen, of Kingston. Gitty Wynkoop 
 was a visitor at Colden's with Sallie Jansen, and with 
 Maria ColJen attended the ball. On that occasion 
 Washington did not open the dance with Maria Col- 
 den, but, the doors being thrown open, promenaded 
 through the rooms with lier. This statement has been 
 a tradition in. our family, members of which were 
 present, and has been confirmed by others who were 
 witnesses." The identity of Maria Colden is not fully 
 established. Cadwallader Colden, Jr., had no daugh- 
 ter Jlaria, nor do we find a trace of her in (^adwalla- 
 der Colden's letter, in which he gives the names of 
 his children and also those of his sisters. The wit- 
 nesses of her existence are her name on the glass 
 and the tradition which links it with that of Wash- 
 ington : 
 
 " So perish forms as fair as those 
 Whose cheeks now living hlusli tlie rose; 
 Their glory turned to dnst." 
 
 About three hundred feet west of the house 
 stands the building generally called the first Meth- 
 odist church in the county of Orange. It has been 
 
 noticed in another ])lace. Its real connection with 
 the early religious history of the town is more prop- 
 erly expressed in the term Union church, — a building 
 open to all denominations, although Clinton enters it 
 on his map of 1799 as Methodist. The Methodists 
 certainly held services there until 1807. 
 
 THE CAMP-GROUND AND TEMPLE, 
 It would be as difficult, perhaps, to fix tlie periods 
 at which some part of New Windsor was not occu- 
 pied by either militia or regular troops during the 
 Revolution as to specify the times when it was so oc- 
 cuj)ied, or by what ])articular bodies of men. Aside 
 from the militia companies, it is certain that at least a 
 portion of the regiment of Col. James Clinton in the 
 Canada expedition of 1775 was organized here. In 
 177(i the battery on Plum Point was mounted ; in 1777, 
 Governor Clinton reorganized at Little Britain the 
 militia and fugitives from the Highland forts ; in 
 1779-80, nine brigades of the Continental army were 
 encamped here, and again in 1780, '81, '82, and '8.3. 
 There is every reason to suppose that the well-known 
 camp-ground of 1782-83 was also that of the previ- 
 ous encampments. However this may be, there is no 
 doubt in regard to at least a portion of the grounds 
 occupied in the years last named. Dr. Thacher 
 writes, under date of Oct. 30, 1782: "At reveille, on 
 the 26th inst, the left wing of the army, under the 
 command of Gen. Heath, decamped from Verplanck's 
 Point and marched to the Highlands ; took up our 
 lodging in the woods, without covering, and were ex- 
 posed to a heavy rain during the night and day. 
 Thence we crossed the Hudson to West Point, and 
 marched over the mountain called Butter Hill ; 
 passed the night in the open field, and the next day 
 reached the ground, where we are to erect log huts 
 for our winter-quarters, near New Windsor;" and 
 Chaplain Gano writes, " On my return to the army 
 we encamped at New Windsor, and erected some huts 
 and a place for wor.^hip on Lord's day." In the gen- 
 eral order of Washington, April 19, 1783, calling for 
 a detail of men " from the several corps in this can- 
 tonment," the names are given as follows: "Mary- 
 land Detachment, Jersey Regiment, Jersey Battalion, 
 First New York Regiment, Second New York Regi- 
 ment, Hampshire Regiment, Hampshire Battalion, 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fiftli, Seventh, and 
 Eighth Massachusetts Regiments." The encampment 
 was marked out by Gen. Heath. The huts occupied by 
 the soldiers were built in line on the slope of the hill 
 on the farm late of Daniel Moores and Gilbert Tomp- 
 kins. They were of logs, and in size fourteen by six- 
 teen feet, with roofs and doors of split-oak slabs. 
 They were six feet high, made tight with clay and 
 wood, rising a foot or two above the roof. The roof 
 sloped one way, and was steep enough to shed rain. 
 One door and one window opened on the street opjio- 
 site the fireplace. The subordinate officers had huts 
 with two windows in the rear of the rank, and those 
 
i6 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 of a higher grade ocoupied barracks near the Temple, 
 ill the vicinity of whicli was also the hospital and the 
 bakery, and a short distance east was the burial- 
 ground. 
 
 The space between the camp and the Temi)le was 
 partly a swamp, which was crossed by a causeway 
 made of logs. Immediately in front of the camp 
 was the parade-ground. In the graveyard, now over- 
 grown with trees, are still marked the resting-places 
 of the dead. The Temple and other buildings are 
 gone ; the parade-ground has a portion of its flat stone 
 flagging unremoved ; part of the causeway remains ; 
 and some of the huts can yet be traced. 
 
 The Temjile, to which so frequent reference has 
 been made, was erected by Gen. Heath's order, for 
 general purposes, although Mr. Gaiio says it was spe- 
 cially designed as a place " for public worship on 
 Lord's day." It was officially known as " The Pub- 
 lic Building,'' but was sometimes called "The New 
 Building," to distinguish it from some previous struc- 
 ture. It was made of hewn logs, and was eighty feet 
 long by forty wide, with barrack roof. The tradition 
 is that it was dedicated by a carousal of so gross a 
 nature that the title by which it was to be known, 
 " The Temi)le of Virtue," was changed to " The Tem- 
 ple," but this may well be questioned, and the origin 
 of the name assigned to its connection with the Ma- 
 sonic fraternity. All public meetings of the officers 
 were held in it, and it w^s also used by the Masonic 
 fraternity, of which order American Union Lodge 
 accompanied the army.* It was in this lodge that 
 Lafayette was made a Mason. When the cessation 
 of hostilities wa-s announced a celebration was held , 
 here, of which Thacher writes: " On the completion I 
 of eight years from the memorable battle of Lexing- 
 ton, the proclamation of Congress for a cessation of \ 
 hostilities was published at the door of the public 
 building, followed by three huzzas ; after which a 
 prayer was offered to the Almighty Ruler of the 
 world by the Rev. Mr. Gano, and an anthem was 
 performed by voices and instruments." The celebra- 
 tion was on a grand scale, and embraced similar cere- 
 monies at West Point and at Fishkill. It was indeed 
 a day of general rejoicing, and does not appear to 
 have closed even at night, when a feu-de-joic rang 
 along the lines, three times repeated, accompanied by 
 the discharge of cannon, "and the mountain-sides re- 
 sounded and echoed like tremendous peals of thun- 
 der, and the flashing from thousands of firearms in 
 the darkness of the evening was like unto vivid flash- 
 ings of lightning from the clouds," — for, on the morn- 
 ing of the day on which it occurred, Washington, in 
 his general order, called for a detail of men from 
 " this cantonment" to "square and deliver at the New 
 Building on Monday next, ninety-six pieces of timber 
 seven inches square, of an aggregate length of three 
 hundred and thirty feet," and requested " each com- 
 
 * See Masonic Societies in General History. 
 
 manding officer of a brigade to ajipoint an officer to 
 a.ssist Col, Gouvion in making preparations for the 
 illumination," the officers so appointed to meet "at 
 the New Building at twelveo'clock to-uiorrow" {20th). 
 When this supplemental celebration was held does 
 not appear, but it was at the Temple, and possibly on 
 the 2l)th of April. It is one of the many cases in 
 which Revolutionary events stop short at the state- 
 ment of mere facts and leave descrii^tion to be com- 
 pleted by conjecture. 
 
 In the Temple was also held the meeting called by 
 Washington to consider the Newburgh Letters. With 
 the details of this meeting the readers of this volume 
 have already been made acquainted. In the order of 
 time the meeting jireceded the celebration, it having 
 been hdd on the l.ith of March. It was one of the 
 most important assemblages ever held in the army ; 
 it was called to determine the question whether the 
 army would rise superior to the grievances under 
 which it had long suffered, or whether it would jn-e- 
 cipitate a separation between the military and civil 
 powers to " the ruin of both ;" it won, in its results, 
 the plaudit, "Had this day been wantiiici the world had 
 never seen the last stage of perfection that human nature 
 is capable of attaining." 
 
 There was still another meeting at the Temple 
 which was not without marked influence in the future 
 of the nation, — the meeting for the organization of 
 " The Society of the Cincinnati," the avowed object 
 of which was to perpetuate among the officers of the 
 army the memory of the relations of respect and 
 friendshij) which had grown up among them during 
 the trying and momentous scenes through which they 
 had passed, " to endure as long as they shall endure, 
 or any of their oldest male posterity, and at the failure 
 thereof, the collateral branches who they may judge 
 worthy of becoming its supporters and members." 
 The incipient steps to the organization of this society 
 are shown by 3Iaj.-Gen. Heath's orders of May 3, 
 1783, in which he requested the officers of the Massa- 
 chusetts line to meet "at the New Public Building" 
 and elect one of their number " to meet the general 
 officers, and such delegates as may be chosen by the 
 other lines, on Tuesday next, at the above-mentioned 
 place, for the purpose of considering the expedienc)- 
 of the officers of the army forming themselves into a 
 military society." The meeting of delegates was held 
 on the 10th, and a plan for organization submitted 
 and referred to a committee, who revised and reported 
 the same at a meeting held at Steuben's quarters at 
 Fishkill, on the 13th, when it was adopted and signed 
 by those present, under the indorsement, " Done at 
 the Cantonment on Hudson River, in the year 1783." 
 The controversies which subsequently grew out of this 
 organization need not be considered in this connec- 
 tion. Surviving the hostility of its early opponents, 
 the society now stands as the representative of the 
 heroic age of the republic, a golden chain, through 
 the medium of which the descendants of its mem- 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 227 
 
 bers perpetuate the memory iiiitl services of their 
 fathers.* 
 
 The eiu-ampmeiit here was terminated June 23, 
 1783, and the troops not on furhjiigli removed to West 
 Point. The following orders by Washington explain 
 tlie removal more fully: 
 
 " Heaui^arters, Nkwhi RGii. June 20, 1783. 
 " Tlie troups of this c.ititoiinieiit will inarch on Monday morning, five 
 o'clocli. by the left. The senior I)ri!rac1ier in the IMassaeliii&etts line wilt 
 conduct the column over Butter Hill to West Point. Tlie baggage, with 
 .1 proper escort, to go liy water. Tliese corps, witti the troops already at 
 West Point, will compose the garlisons of Uiat post and dependencies- 
 Major-General Knox will be pleased to expedite, in tlie best manner he 
 is able, the building of an al'senal and magazines, agreeably to the in- 
 structions he has received fioni the Secretary of War." . . . 
 
 " HFAOgrARTERS, Nf.whu RGH, Juue 21, 178,1. 
 " When the army marches from tliis cantonnient, a detachment is to 
 reniaia to do the ordinary duties at Newliurgb,etc. Tliey will lie relieved 
 every nine days. For this duty four New Hampshire companies will 
 commence to morrow." 
 
 " Headquarters, NKwDirnan, Sunday, .Tune 2-2, 1783. 
 " Wlien the troops move off the ground, a .surgeon or mate will remain 
 Willi llie sicii of each regiment for a day or two until the huts can be 
 made ready to receive^iiem. A sufficient luunber of orderly men to talie 
 care of the siclx must also remain with them.'" 
 
 The following advertisement shows that the removal 
 was efi'ected at the time appointed, altliougli the head- 
 <iuarters of Washington at Newburgh was continued 
 until August, and the detachment spoken of in his 
 order remained until the disbandment in November : 
 
 " The troops of the cantonment near New \Vindsor having removed to 
 the post of West Point, all farmers and others who have veal, mutton, 
 poultry, and otiier small meats to dispose of, also vegetables of all Uinds, 
 are iiereby invited to bring the same to tiiis point, where they will find a 
 ready market, and ample protection in their persons and property 
 
 "John Campbell, .4fisHi(. Q.-M. 
 
 •' West Point, June 24, 1783." 
 
 I 
 
 v.— REVOLUTIONARY INCIDENTS. 
 
 While New Windsor was the seat of many events 
 of a general character connected with the war of the 
 Revolution, its local history is not marked by those 
 which were especially imjjortant. It was from its 
 bosom that the then young and vigorous George Clin- 
 ton, who had made his mark in the Colonial Assem- 
 bly from 1768 to 1775, in opposition to the British 
 ministry, sprang into the leadership of the rebellion 
 in his native State ; and although there were some 
 who refused to follow him, the great majority of his 
 townsmen were his firm supporters. The primary 
 steps in the rebellion — the non-importation resolu- 
 tions of the Continental Congress of 1774 — were 
 heartily approved, and in the subsecjuent organiza- 
 tion of a '■ Committee of Safety and Observation," 
 
 * The following original members of the society were from New Wind- 
 sor : Robert Burnet, lieutenant. New York Artillery ; .Tames Clinton, 
 brigadier.general ; George Clinton, honorary member ; .Mexander Clin- 
 ton, lieutenant, New York Artillery; Daniel Dennislon, lieutenant. New 
 Y"rk Artillery ; George I. Denniston, lieutenant. New York Artillery; 
 James Gregg, captain. Third New York Infantry; Jonathan Lawrence, 
 captain. Sappers and Miners ; Samuel Logan, major. Fifth Now York 
 Infantry; Joseph Morrell, ensign, Fil-st New York Infantry; William 
 Siraclian, lieutenant. New Y'ork Artillery ; William .Scuddor, lieutenant, 
 New York .\rtillery. 
 
 the action of the precinct was not uncertain. The 
 signatures to the " Pledge of Association" and its mil- 
 itary organizations have been given elsewhere. The 
 records of those organizations show that wherever the 
 flag of rebellion floated — whether amid the snows of 
 Quebec or on the burning )ilains of Monmouth, at 
 Fort Schuyler, Saratoga, and Yorktown — the precinct 
 was honorably represented by lier sons in its defense. 
 A few incidents, not elsewhere recorded, are given here. 
 
 ARREST OF CADWALL.-VDER COI.DEN, Ju. 
 It was not necessary, in New Windsor or in any of 
 the towns of the county, that many of the duties de- 
 volving upon the Committee of Safety, such as the 
 appointment of town officers, etc., should be per- 
 formed, the local authorities having followed or led 
 their constituents in the revolutionary movement; 
 but the reorganization of the militia and the arrest of 
 the persons who were classed as "inimical to the 
 American cause" became its principal field of action. 
 In many cases of arrest the New Windsor committee 
 acted in concert with that of Newburgh. The most 
 important action of this character, view-ed from the 
 point of social standing and local influence, was the 
 arrest of Cadwallader Colden, Jr., at his residence in 
 Coldenham, in the precinct of Hanover (now Mont- 
 gomery). The story as related by himself states that, 
 in June, 1776, between eleven and twelve o'clock at 
 night, his house was surrounded by a company of 
 armed men, who, on being (juestioned, stated that 
 they had been sent by order of the joint committee of 
 Newburgh and New Windsor, with instructions to 
 search his house, which they proceeded to do. Stand- 
 ing guard over the premises until the next day, they 
 then conducted him to the house of Mr. Jackson, in 
 New Windsor, where he was confined twenty-four 
 hours, although Mr. Thomas Ellison offered to be- 
 come bail for his appearance. When taken before 
 the committee, he was informed that the charge against 
 him was that of being " inimical to the American 
 cause." He replied that, while he had had convic- 
 tions in regard to the duty of the people, and had ex- 
 pressed them at a time when he thought it possible to 
 ward off the calamities of war, he had subsequently 
 " entirely avoided interfering in any shape in public 
 affairs." Given the choice of trial by the joint com- 
 mittee or by the county committee of Ulster, he ac- 
 cepted the latter, and was removed to the jail at 
 Kingston. His case was brought before the general 
 committee at New Paltz, July 4th, when, on his re- 
 fusal to sign the pledge of association, and also to 
 give his pledge of honor "that he would immediately 
 equip himself for the field of battle, and in case of 
 actual invasion go .forth with the rest of his neigh- 
 bors to action in defense of his country," he was again 
 committed to jail. The joint committee represented 
 on the trial that they had made the arrest under the 
 conviction "that the committee of the precinct of 
 Hanover were afraid to treat Mr. Colden as he de- 
 
228 
 
 HISTOllV OF ORANGE COUNTV, NEW YORK. 
 
 served;" that aUlioii^li not in their district, he was 
 more contiguous to tlieni than to the committee of the 
 district in wliich he lived; that in his original signa- 
 ture to the pledge oF association, it was evident he 
 only meant to secure a sanctuary for his person and 
 property ; that the protest which he had written 
 against the appointment of delegates to the first Pro- 
 vincial Congress was " the evil seed sown in the county 
 from w'hich the whole of the fruits of toryism sprung, 
 for, to their knowledge, upwarils of sixty persons in the 
 precinct of Newburgh had subscribed it." Other rea- 
 sons were stated, and especially that the pledge of 
 association was not a pledge of neutrality, " but a 
 firm bond of union for mutual defense, which re- 
 quired activity." This bond he had plainly violated. 
 Golden remained in jail for over one year, when he 
 was permitted to reside, on parole, at the house of Ja- 
 cobus Hardenburgh, in Hurley. 
 
 THE FALL OF 'I'lIE HIGHLAND FORTS. 
 When the general alarm occurred on the occasion 
 of the loss of the forts in the Highlands (Oct. 7, 1777), 
 the people of the village of New Windsor Hcd into 
 the country for safety, leaving behind them in their 
 haste their dwellings for occupation either l)y friends 
 or foes, and, as the result proved in many cases, it 
 made little difference whicli was the fortunate tem- 
 porary possessor. William Bedlow writes that his 
 family were unable to remove "several bo.xes and 
 cases of china, some cases of pictures and looking- 
 glasses, several tables (one with marble slab), chairs, 
 window-curtains, some ornamental cliina, with images 
 of Shakespeare and Milton in plaster-of-Paris, and 
 a parcel of table furniture left in the closets," for the 
 recovery of which he offered a reward in vain. Col. 
 Ellison, tradition says, put his money and plate under 
 the ground in liis smoke-house, hung up his hams, and 
 lighted a cob-fire under them. The hams were gone 
 on his return, but the money was safe. Governor 
 George Clinton apparently suflered with his neigh- 
 bors, and perhaps to a greater extent. From the 
 place of refuge of his family (Falls house, Little 
 Britain) he writes, under date of Dec. 1, 1777: "I 
 have a cot at my house out of which the militia stole 
 the irons. Will you get it repaired for me, as I have 
 no other bed or bedstead ?" It will not be inferred 
 that any of Governor Clinton's townsmen were guilty 
 of these appropriations, but rather that they were by 
 the class known as " skinners," who were found in 
 every camp, and who robbed friend and foe alike. 
 
 MORGAN'S RIFLEMEN. 
 It cannot be said, however, that the peojjle of New 
 Vv^indsor village were altogether law-abiding. Under 
 date of Aug. 7, 1775, Governor Tryon writes : ''Eleven 
 companies of riflemen, consisting of about one hun- 
 dred men each, witli ammunition, from the provinces 
 of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, have lately 
 IJassed through this province, crossing over Hudson's 
 
 River at New Windsor in their nuirch to the pro- 
 vincial camp near Boston." Tradition adds to this 
 statement of fact, that just before the troops entered 
 the village, a man, meanly dressed but otherwise of 
 gentlemanly appearance, called at W^illiam Edmon- 
 ston's and said that Col. Morgan was coming. He went 
 on and stopped at William Ellison's, and there said 
 that he was Col. Morgan. The troops soon arrived, and 
 with them Col. Morgan. The deception practiced by 
 the stranger incensed the colonel, and he handed him 
 over to his troops, who tarred and feathered him with- 
 out even the form of a trial. The boys of New Wind- 
 sor enjoyed the matter heartily, and had no trouble in 
 obtaining from Mrs. Rachel Cooper (who lived in the 
 village and sold cakes and beer) a pillow of feathers 
 for the purpose. Col. Morgan is described as " a man 
 of powerful frame and stalwart courage." A large 
 proportion of his troops were Irishmen. Upon their 
 breasts they wore the motto " Liberty or Death," and 
 with that inscription the swords of the officers were 
 stamped. Wonderful stories of their exploits went 
 to England ; the written record of their services forms 
 one of the lirightest pages of American history. 
 
 SEIZURE OF SALT. 
 
 In a communication from Col. John Hathorn, of 
 the precinct of Goshen, under date of Dec. 2, 177(), 
 he writes, " That your memorialist had a small quan- 
 tity of salt in Mr. William Ellison's store, at New 
 Windsor ; and that there was not more than he had 
 engaged to his neighbors, and was obliged to keep for 
 his own use; that a large number of men, whose 
 names your memorialist cannot discover, without any 
 legal authority, have taken out of said store as well 
 the salt of your memorialist (except one bushel) as of 
 other persons; and that your memorialist is in the 
 greatest want of salt for his own use ; that unless a 
 check is put to such unjustifiable jiroceedings, your 
 memorialist apprehends, from theseemingly disorderly 
 spirit at present prevailing among the common peo- 
 ple, his property, as well a-s those of others, will be 
 very insecure." 
 
 A TEA RIOT. 
 
 Tea caused more trouble apparently than salt. 
 Capt. Jonathan Lawrence was in command of Fort 
 Constitution ; his wife remained in charge of his 
 store in New Windsor. The Congress of New York 
 had resolved that no person should charge to exceed 
 six shillings (one dollar) a pound for tea. The local 
 committee complained " that Mi-s. Jonathan Lawrence 
 sold tea at eight shillings per pound, and that her hus- 
 band made Fort Constitution a depot for that useless 
 herb." The Congress replied (June 14, 1776), stating 
 that " Capt. Lawrence, witli all the commissioners at 
 the fort, are discharged from their superintending. 
 We are surprised at his conduct, and make no doubt 
 you will treat him and all others according to their 
 demerits, after a fair hearing." Lawrence was not 
 
NEW MINDSOK. 
 
 229 
 
 Teiy severely punished ; at all events, ho went through 
 the war as a captain of sappers and miners, and drew 
 lial!'-pay for life for his services. 
 
 In July, 1777, James Caldwell and John Maley, of 
 Alhany, purchased tea in Philadelphia, and in trans- 
 porting it to Albany had occasion to pass through 
 New Windsor village. Stopping at the tavern of 
 Isaac Schult/ for the night, a mob of men and women 
 speedily collected, and, under the plea that the tea 
 was held at a higher price than six shillings, seized 
 the load and sold it to themselves at that price. For 
 the time being the town was supplied with tea. The 
 Council of .Safety of the State disapproved of the 
 transaction, and decided that the owners of the tea 
 "could obtain satisfaction for the injury in the ordi- 
 nary court of law," and this was all the remunera- 
 tion, probably, that they ever received. 
 
 DOMINIE ANNAN. 
 
 The incidents already quoted give an inside view of 
 life in New Windsor village. If it is not very flatter- 
 ing, it is at least refreshing to meet with them, as they 
 serve to break up the current of Revolutionary litera- 
 ture, which usually flows in the channel of patriotic 
 devotion and heroic deeds. We turn from them, 
 however, to our fiivorite district. Little Britain, where 
 we find the following in reference to the Rev. Robert 
 Annan, of the Little Britain Church : " In the fall of 
 1777 the people of Rhode Island, by reason of the great 
 scarcity of supplies and provisions, applied to our 
 State for aid. The Legislature, however, refused to 
 send public stores, as they were needed at home. 
 Meetings were held in several towns for the purpose 
 of raising supplies by subscription, and among them 
 one in Hanover precinct. It was attended by many 
 prudent people, who seemed to agree with the Legis- 
 lature that the surplus supplies should not be sent out 
 of the State. There was a discussion, conducted with 
 fairness and ability on both sides, but it seemed like!}' 
 to be interminable. At this juncture, Annan sprang 
 up and cut the matter short by exclaiming, ' As many 
 as are in favor of assisting the people of Rhode Island 
 and the cause of liberty, follow me !' Leaving the 
 hall, he was surprised to find almost the entire assem- 
 blage at his heels." 
 
 BOY SOLDIERS. 
 
 The number of mere boys who found their way into 
 the army was by no means inconsiderable. Lieut. 
 Robert Burnet and Lieut. Alexander Clinton were 
 but fifteen years old when they were commissioned. 
 Aside from this general fact, it is related that there 
 was a regularly-organized company of boys, from 
 twelve to fifteen years of age, in Little Britain, who 
 were "soldier boys" in earnest, having been several 
 times on duty as home guards. The Hessian prisoners 
 from Saratoga fii route for I^aston, Pa., pa.ssed through 
 Little Britain and camped at Maj. Telford's tavern, 
 then opposite the Burnet homestead. The prisoners 
 
 ' were in charge of a company of Morgan's riflemen, 
 who, in quest of rest themselves, turned the prisoners 
 over til the custody of the boys, who guarded them 
 during the night. During the night one of the Hes- 
 sian women died, and was buried in the morning west 
 of Maj. Telford's house. It was a long-remembered 
 funeral by the boys. The woman's companion 
 could only bury her and move on. It was a phase of 
 war that to them was new, and for years the lone 
 1 grave by the apple-tree, received, perhaps, as much 
 I regard as though its inmate had been to them kindred. 
 
 VI.-CHUHCHES, Etc. 
 The religious history of New Windsor has repre- 
 sentation in church organizations both without and 
 within its borders, viz. : The Church of England Mis- 
 sion, the Highlands or Bethlehem Church, the Wall- 
 kill or Goodwill Church, the Neelytown Church, the 
 Associate Reformed Church at Little Britain, the 
 Presbyterian Church at New Windsor, the Berea 
 Church, St. George's Episcopal Church at Newburgh, 
 St. David's Church in Hamptonburgh, St. Thomas' 
 Church at New Windsor, and the Methodist Episco- 
 pal Churches at Vail's Gate and Little Britain. All 
 the old churches in this list having been noticed in 
 another part of this volume, we give here a history of 
 the New Windsor Churches only as they now exist. 
 
 ST. THOMAS' CHURCH. 
 
 In the early part of his parish labors the Rev. John 
 Brown, D.D.,of Newburgh, resided in New Windsor, 
 and revived the church there (1818) under the title of 
 St. Thomas' Church, of which he served as rector 
 until 1847, dividing his time between that and St. 
 George's. The parish was organized April 8, 1818, at 
 which time the following wardens and vestry were 
 elected, viz. : Wardens, Thomas Ellison, Charles Lud- 
 low; V&stry, David Humphrey, Lewis DuBois, James 
 Green, Gilbert Ogden Fowler, Joseph Morrell, Jona- 
 than Bailey, Nathan H. Sayre, Jr., James Scott. In 
 January, 1844, a small building in which the congre- 
 gation had worshiped was burned down, and in 1847 
 the erection of the present church edifice was com- 
 menced, and completed in 1849. A rectory was 
 erected in 1859, and sold in 1864. It is now owned 
 and occupied by Mr. Robert H. Boyd. 
 
 In connection with this church we give, as a matter 
 of record, the following extract from the will of 
 Thomas Ellison, Jr., of New York, in 1793: 
 
 "I give and bequeiith unto my brother, WiUiani ElliBou, and my 
 nephew, Tboma.s Ellison, and tlie snrvivorsof tlieni anil the lieirsof such 
 survivors, all the lands I lK>ught of Cornelius Tibont in New W'indsor, 
 Ulster Co., in the State of New Yoril, containing in the several lots about 
 fifty-five acres, in trust for a glebe for such minister of tiie gospel in 
 communion with the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of New 
 York as shall hereafter be settled and have the care of souls in the said 
 town of New Windsor, and his successor for the time being, forever. 
 And also I give unto my said brother, William Ellison, and my nephew, 
 Thomas ICllison, the sum of six hundred pounds, New York currency, in 
 such of my bonds as he and my nephew shall choose, to lie kept out at 
 interest, and the annual interest arising therefrom to be paid to such 
 
230 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUxNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 niinistor for tlie lime licirif; towairt Ma support and niaiiitoniince; and if 
 there slinnld be no snch nnnister at the time of my death, then my will 
 is that the rents and profits of the said lands, and the intereat of the said 
 sum of six hundred pounds, shall yearly be put out at interest by my 
 said brother, William Ellison, and my nephew, Tliomas Ellison, their 
 lleirs and executors (but not to he at his or their risk), and shall become 
 principal and be added to the said sum of six hundred pounds yearly, 
 until such miuister shall be settled and have the care of souls in the 
 said tuwu of New Windsoi, who shall officiate as a mijiister for one-half 
 of his time at least, and then the interest of the whole sum thus accunni- 
 lated shall be yearly Jiaid to such minister and bis successors for the time 
 being toward bis and tlieir support and maintenance. And wlienever 
 the inhabitants for the time being of the said town of New Windsor in 
 communion of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the .State of New York 
 shall become a religious corporation, then the said lands and the securities 
 for tlie said moneys shall be conveyeil and delivered to such corporation 
 for the uses and purposes afoi-esaid." 
 
 The following have been the rectors of the church : 
 184,S-5(>, Rev. Edmund Embury; 1851-56, Rev. Reu- 
 ben Riley (Rev. Beverly Robin.sou Betts, assi-stant) ; 
 1857-62, Rev. Christopher D. Wyatt ;*■ 1862-63, Rev. 
 R. H. Cressy ; 1864-67, Rev. Benjamin S. Hunting- 
 tou ; 1867-71, Rev. Richard Temple ;t 1872, Rev. Has- 
 lett McKim, now rector. 
 
 The church edifice is a neat Gothic building of 
 stone, and is situated on the table-lands a short dis- 
 tance south of the village of New Windsor. 
 
 NEW WIXDSOK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 The New Windsor Presbyterian Church dates its 
 organization irom ,->ept. 14, 1764, at which time Jo- 
 seph Wood, William Lawrence, Samuel Brewster, and 
 Henry Smith were chosen elders. It was formally 
 con.stituted May 5, 1766, by the Rev. Timothy Jolines, 
 a committee of the Presliytery of New York. From 
 the date of its constitution until 1805 it was associ- 
 ated with the Newburgh and Bethlehem societies in 
 the supi)ort of a pastor, and from 1805 to 1810 with 
 the latter. From 1810 to 1827 it enjoyed only occa- 
 sional ministerial labors. On May 1, 1827, the Rev. 
 James H. Thomas \vas employed in connection with 
 the church at Canterbury, and was installed pastor of 
 both churches Feb. 12, 1828. The connection with 
 the Canterbury Church was dissolved in 1834, Mr. 
 Thomas serving the New Windsor Church exclusively 
 until June, 1835. Rev. James Sherwood was installed 
 pastor Aug. 5, 1835, and continued in that relation 
 until Ai)ril, 1840. The pulpit was subsequently occu- 
 pied by supplies,— Rev. N. S. Prime, Rev. Henry Bel- 
 den, Rev. Isaac C. Beach, and Rev. James Bruyn. 
 For several years past there have been no services held, 
 although we believe a church organization is main- 
 tained. For its connection with the Bethleiiem 
 Church, and also with the Presbyterian Church of 
 Newburgh, the reader is referred to the history of the 
 latter church in the history of Newburgh. 
 
 The first building erected by the society wtus a 
 small structure in the village of New Windsor. It is 
 said that it was occupied as a hospital during the 
 encampment, and was subsequently destroyed by fire, 
 
 * Mr. Wyatt officiated also as rector of St. John's, Canterburv. 
 t Key. John Morgan officiated. 
 
 The present edifice was erected in 1807. It is a small 
 wooden structure with spire, and adjoins the present 
 village on the west. In the ancient burial-ground 
 attached, the oldest monument is that which records 
 the resting-place of John Yelvertoni one of the found- 
 ers of the village, who died June 12, 1767, aged 
 seventy-four years. 
 
 ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH, LITTLE CRITArx. 
 
 The early history of this church has been noticed 
 in another chapter. Whatever may have been its 
 previous status, its records date from 1765, September 
 11th, when Patrick McClaughry sold to James Jack- 
 son, Matthew McDool (Dowell), and Andrew Craw- 
 ford a tract or parcel of land containing one acre one 
 ; rood and twenty-three perches, being part of the 
 patent to Andrew Johnston, the intention of the pur- 
 chasers, as expressed in the deed, being " to erect a 
 meeting-house thereupon to be appropriated to Divine 
 service in the public worship of God, for the use of a 
 Presbyterian minister and congregation in connection 
 with the Associate Presbytery in Pennsylvania." On 
 , the site thus purchased a church edifice was erected, 
 ' and was occupied by the congregation until 1826. It 
 ; was a square building with a barrack roof. The en- 
 trance was in the middle on the east, and on each side 
 of the door were stairs leading to galleries on the 
 north and south sides. The pulpit was on the west, 
 facing the entrance, and was one of the old-fashioned 
 high structures with a sounding-board. On each side 
 of the pulpit were square pews, with seats on all sides, 
 so that part of the occupants had to s:t with their 
 backs to the minister. In front of the pulpit, and 
 "between that and the door, were long seats or slips, 
 on each side of which were continued the box pews. 
 On the south side of the pulpit the first pew was owned 
 by the McDowells; the second, by Robert Burnet; 
 the next and corner pew, by the Shaws and Kerno- 
 chans. As it was not fully completed inside for sev- 
 eral years after it was inclosed, descriptive recollec- 
 tions vary somewhat. Outside, the south and west 
 sides were shingled ; the west and north, clapboarded. 
 One peculiarity it maintained among the early settlers, 
 —it was universally called "The Mecting-House." 
 In 1826 it gave place to the building which is now 
 occupied by the society. 
 
 The first elders of the church were Matthew Mc- 
 Dool (McDowell), Patrick McClaughry, and John 
 Waugh. The first pastor was the Rev. Robert Annan, 
 who was in charge in 1768. The records of the As- 
 sociate Presbytery of Pennsylvania state, — 
 
 " Aug. 31, 1762, Mr. Robert Annan was called to the 
 exercise of the pastoral oflice in the congregation of 
 Marsh Creek and Cuuawago, in Pennsylvania, and on 
 the 8th of June, 1763, he was ordained and installed." 
 April 15, 1767, he was called to " the congregation 
 of Little Britain and Wallkill." April 21, 1768, the 
 pastoral relation between him and the congregation 
 of Marsh Creek and Cunawago was dissolved, and on 
 
"'^B f ■^iH.Stidai 
 
 dZr^^^z^ 
 
 T^ c c 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 281 
 
 Oct. 2, 1772, he was installed pastor "of the United 
 Associate congresrations of Little Britain and Wall- 
 Ivill." 
 
 Mr. Annan served the Little Britain and Neelytown 
 (Wallkill) congregations until about 1783, when he 
 removed to Boston. His successor was Rev. Thomas 
 J. Smith, who was installed May 1, 1791. On his re- 
 tirement the pastorate was vacant until 1812, when 
 the Rev. James Scrinigeour, who had served as pastor 
 of the Associate Reformed Church of Newburgh from 
 1803, was installed. He remained in the charge until 
 his death, Feb. 4, 1825. Rev. Robert H. Wallace was 
 his successor, Oct. G, 182-"), and served until his death, 
 when he was succeeded by his son, Rev. R. Howard 
 Wallace, who is now |)astor. 
 
 The original Presbyterial connection of the church 
 was maintained until a recent date, when it united 
 with the " Old-School" branch of Presbyterians. 
 
 Rev. Robert H. Wallace, D.D. — It has been 
 deemed appropriate to introduce the life-sketch of 
 the Rev. Dr. Wallace by the insertion of the follow- 
 ing paper, prepared in 1857 by Rev. John Forsyth, 
 D.D., present chaplain of the LTnited States Military 
 Academy at West Point, for a memorial volume, on 
 the occasion of the one hundredth anniversary of the 
 Presbyterian Church of Little Britain : 
 
 " Mr. Wallace was born in the town of Montgomery, 
 Orange Co., N. Y., on the 12th November, 1796. His 
 parents were natives of the north of Ireland, and 
 were warmly attached members of the Reformed 
 Presbyterian Church, and distinguished for their at- 
 tachment to revealed truth and the strength and 
 triumphs of their faith. They reached a good old 
 age, and having adorned the doctrine of God their 
 Saviour during many years by holy lives, we have 
 every reason to believe that they are now, with the 
 great multitude, before the throne. 
 
 " Their son, the subject of this sketch, belongs to 
 the class of men which is popularly described as 
 'self-made.' As the pecuniary resources of his parents 
 were limited, he was early thrown upon his own ener- 
 gies, and was forced to work his own way, amid diffi- 
 culties, to the profession upon which his heart was 
 fixed. His disadvantages were much increased by 
 the removal of his parents to Susquehanna County, 
 Pa., at that time a newly-settled region, with no insti- 
 tutions of learning above the common school. 
 
 " Mr. Wallace began his course of classical study at 
 the Montgomery Academy, then under Rev. Dr. Mc- 
 Jimpsey, between whom and his pupil there was 
 formed an intimate and life-long friendship. In his 
 eighteenth year Jlr. Wallace made a personal profes- 
 sion of his faith in Christ, in connection with the 
 church of which his parents were members ; but, in 
 1821 he withdrew from that body and united with 
 the church of Neelytown, to which Dr. McJimpsey 
 then ministered. This church was under the care of 
 the Associate Reformed Presbytery of New York, by 
 which, in the autumn of the same year, he was re- 
 
 ceived as a student of theology. The Presbytery 
 then included such men as Drs. John M. Mason, Mc- 
 Jimpsey, Phillips, Scrinigeour, and McLeod, and it 
 was then usual to subject those who applied to be 
 admitted to the study of divinity, but who had not 
 gone through a regular academic course, to a thor- 
 ough examination in the various branches of liter- 
 ature and science. Mr. Wallace bore this test, ap- 
 plied as it was by such men as have been named, and 
 his attainments were declared to be equivalent to 
 those gained in the ordinary collegiate curriculum. 
 The approval of these strong men found later in- 
 dorsement by Union College (now Union University), 
 which in 1834 conferred upon Mr. Wallace the degree 
 of M.A., and later that of ' Doctor of Divinity.' 
 
 "As the operations of the theological seminary 
 (then at New York, but subsequently removed to 
 Newburgh) were suspended, in consequence of the 
 failing health of Dr. Mason, the principal professor. 
 Mr. Wallace put himself under the directions of his 
 former tutor and venerable friend, Dr. McJimpsey. 
 He remained with him, prosecuting his theological 
 studies, three years, the usual time required by the 
 law of the A. R. Church, and was in due course 
 licensed by the Presbytery of New York to preach 
 the gospel, at a meeting of that body held in New- 
 burgh, 15th September, 1824. 
 
 " For several years previous to his licensure, Mr. 
 Wallace, in working his own way to the ministry, 
 had been compelled to perform the double task of a 
 teacher and a theological student. He had charge of 
 several schools during this period, and in all of them 
 he won the warm esteem of pupils and parents. But 
 lie found, as many others have done, the double labor 
 of the school-room and study too much for his physi- 
 cal strength ; and now, just as he had gained the 
 object on which his heart had been so long fixed, it 
 seemed as if he were destined to retain it in his grasj) 
 only for a moment, and must then part with it forever. 
 
 "At the time of his licensure disease appeared to 
 have taken such firm hold of liim that his physicians 
 were very dubious about his recovery, and in any 
 event judged that he must seek a field of labor in the 
 mild regions of the South. He prepared at once to 
 act upon this advice ; but while ' man proposes God 
 disposes,' and it was soon evident that his Divine 
 Master had other plans in regard to him. 
 
 " He was appointed by the Presbytery of New 
 York to supply the church of Little Britain, then 
 virtually vacant in consequence of the age and bodily 
 infirmities of its venerable pastor, Mr. Scrinigeour, 
 who died a few months later. But it so happeneil that, 
 through an exchange, his fir.st sermon was preached 
 in the pulpit of his friend and theological instructor, 
 Dr. McJimpsey, at Neelytown. With this excellent 
 man Mr. Wallace lived on terms of intimate friend- 
 ship, which was broken only by death. Dr. Mc- 
 Jimpsey was a man whom none could know and not 
 love. 
 
23-2 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 " Mr. Wallace spent the second Sabbath after his 
 licensure in Little Britain, and thus was introduced 
 into the field which he then expected he might never 
 see again, l)ut which he was destined to cultivate, 
 amid many tokens of divine favor, for more than 
 thirty years. This first visit to Little Britain was made 
 in September, 1824. He was instantly and strongly 
 urged to remain here as the pastor of the church, but 
 he declined, as he wished to make an extended mis- 
 sionary tour in the service of the Board of Domestic 
 Missions of the A. R. Synod of New York. He was, 
 in fact, the first missionary employed by that board, 
 and he continued in their service until the following 
 September. During this tour he visited Blooming- 
 burgh, White Lake, New Milford, Lawsville, Bethany, 
 Mount Pleasant, Pa., Ithaca, Erin, York, Caledonia, 
 N. Y., and even went so for west as Detroit, then on 
 the confines of civilization. 
 
 " His journey was performed on horseback, over a 
 region then covered for many a weary mile with the 
 unbroken fore.st, but which is now thickly studded 
 over — so marvelous are the changes wrought by en- 
 terprise in our country — with countless farms and 
 villages. The appliances of comfortable travel were 
 few and far between. Often the rude log hut was his 
 only shelter. It was, in a word, a rough service, but 
 we have no doubt it afforded him the invigorating ex- 
 ercise, the health-inspiring medicine needed by his 
 enfeebled frame. 
 
 " Early in the autumn Mr. Wallace returned to 
 Newburgh to attend meetings of Synod and Presby- 
 tery, and then to proceed to the South, where he pro- 
 posed to spend the winter. Meanwhile a pressing 
 call was put into his hands from the then vacant 
 church of Caledonia, N. Y., and also from other 
 places which he had visited proposals to settle were 
 made to him. These he declined, and at the earnest 
 solicitation of the fathers and brethren of the Presby- 
 tery he abandoned his plan of a Southern journey and 
 accepted the call from the congregation of Little 
 Britain. He was ordained and installed in this 
 charge on the Oth October, 1825. 
 
 " Few fields presented at this time a more unpromis- 
 ing aspect than that into which Mr. Wallace was led 
 that he might cultivate it in the name of the Lord. 
 The church was old and dilapidated, the number of 
 communicants was small, piety was at a low ebb in 
 the church, while outside of it vice and irreligion 
 abounded. 
 
 " Very soon after the settlement of Mr. Wallace 
 measures were taken for a complete remodeling and 
 an enlargement of the old church, a comfortable par- 
 sonage was purchased, the congregation rapidly in- 
 creased, a new life began to manifest itself, and, in a 
 word, it was plain that old things were passing aw-ay. 
 As the years passed Mr. Wallace grew in the affec- 
 tions of his own people, and more and more won the 
 warm regard of the neighboring churches, with whose 
 pastors he has maintained the most fraternal rela- 
 
 tions. In New York, Newburgh, and elsewliere his 
 appearance in the pulpit was ever a welcome sight 
 to multitudes whose only regret was that the privi- 
 lege was one so rarely enjoyed by them. He has 
 been, indeed, always noted tor his close keeping at 
 home; rarely, if ever, did he leave his own pulpit, 
 unless at the call of public duty or to recruit his 
 enfeebled energies for a few weeks during the heat of 
 summer. 
 
 "From the time of his admission into the Presljy- 
 tery of New York as a student of theology until the 
 present moment Mr. Wallace has always exhibited a 
 warm affection for the Associate Reformed Church. 
 Though the state of his health would not allow him 
 to take a large share in what may be called the public 
 business of the church, he has been a regular iittend- 
 ant at the meetings of the Presbytery and Synod, and 
 when topics of importance have been under discus- 
 sion he has taken a prominent part in the debates. 
 Were it possible, we would gladly reproduce some of 
 the speeches he delivered in Synod, csiiecially on the 
 question of close or catholic communion, as fine 
 specimens of ecclesiastical eloquence. Unfortunately, 
 no report of them has been preserved, and they live 
 only in the recollection of those who heard them and 
 who listened to the speaker with the most profound 
 attention. 
 
 " On the occasion of the centenary and installa- 
 tion of his son as associate pastor, Mr. Wallace said 
 that an old friend had remarked to him 'that he 
 ought, indeed, to be a happy man in the review of the 
 past and in the survey of the present.' The whole as- 
 sembly gathered on that occasion doubtless adopted 
 the sentiment. His ministerial course, when he en- 
 tered upon his work, seemed as if it must be a brief 
 one, yet he has been permitted to ' fulfill his course' 
 for many years, to proclaim through all those the 
 glorious gospel, to build up one of the old wastes, to 
 prepare many souls to become jewels in the Re- 
 deemer's crown, and who shall be, we trust, his own 
 joy and crown in the d.ay of the Lord Jesus." 
 
 Dr. Wallace continued in the discharge of his pas- 
 toral duties at Little Britain for eleven years after the 
 celebration of the centenary of the church and the 
 publication of the above paper. He passed away on 
 Feb. 9, 1868, at the ripe age of seventy-two, and 
 closed with his death the record of a successful, 
 devoted Christian pastor. His decline was gradual, 
 and his spirit passed to the God who gave it on a 
 quiet Sabbath day, his end being full of peace, and 
 manifesting in a remarkable degree the triumphs of 
 his faith. Appropriate resolutions were adopted by 
 the congregation and the session of the Little Britain 
 Church, and by the North River Presbytery, in con- 
 nection with the General Assembly of the Presby- 
 terian Church in the United States of America, with 
 which the church at Little Britain and its pastors 
 united in 1867, from some of which the following 
 extracts are made : 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 233 
 
 " liesoh-etf, Tliat the session has lost an able counselor, tlie ministry 
 one of its I.ri^litest ornaments, a most aMe and prevailing man of prayer, 
 tlie cliiircli an elr)quent, powerful, and eflective preacher and comforting, 
 fatherly pastor, a gonial, kind, and affable friend, an eminently com- 
 placent and pure gentleman." 
 
 " llemhed (I'y the Presbytery), That the example left ns by our de- 
 parted fatlior and brother is one to be signalized as peculiarly distin- 
 gtiished for constancy, for devotedness to the work of the ministry, for 
 childlilie but inijriity faith, fur faithfulness in the simple preaching of 
 the cross, and for perseverance, particularity, and importunity in 
 riayer." 
 
 Dr. Wallace was an eminently courteous Christian 
 gentleman, dignified in manner, but genial and cheer- 
 ful in the discharge of the varied duties of the pastor. 
 Whatever he undertook he carried through in an 
 earnest, decided manner, and lie was a type of an 
 attractive but faithful minister of Christ. He was 
 possessed of strong intellectual qualifications, was a 
 logical writer and thinker, and as a speaker clear, 
 terse, eloquent, and eflective. His power in debate 
 was most strongly and powerfully manifested in the 
 assemblies of the church, where he exerted great in- 
 tiuence. He was very systematic, possessed of an 
 analytic mind, and performed all his labor according to 
 a well-selected and carefully-elaborated rule of action. 
 He was very successful as a pastor, loved and honored 
 by all, and left behind him at his death a cherished 
 memory adorned with good deeds and devoted self- 
 sacrifice in the Cause of the Master. He was buried 
 in the ancient cemetery beside the church, 
 
 "Where heaves the turf in niany a mouldering heap," 
 
 surrounded by the dust of the " forefathers of the 
 hamlet," his beloved wife, a former pastor. Rev. 
 James Scrimgeour, early and later members of the 
 session, and a multitude of the membership of the 
 church. A massive Scotch-granite monument to Dr. 
 Wallace stands in the churchyard at Little Britain, 
 bearing upon its nortli side these words : 
 
 *' Fourth Pastor of the 
 
 Presbyterian Church 
 
 Little Britain, 
 
 where through nearly 44 years 
 
 he founded, framed, builded, 
 
 by pnreness, by knowledge, 
 
 by love unfeigned. 
 
 'Tliou hast made liim most blessed foi'ever: tlion hast made him 
 
 exceeding glad with thy countenance.' 
 
 Erected by his friends." 
 
 It would scarcely be proper to close this sketch of 
 Dr. Wallace without reference to his son. Rev. R. 
 Howard Wallace, A.M., who, after acting as the as- 
 sistant pastor of the Little Britain Church for a num- 
 ber of years in pleasant association with his father, 
 succeeded to the jjastorate at the death of the former 
 in 1868, and for nearly twenty-six years, amid the 
 various changes incident to more than a quarter of 
 a century of active service, has been the faithful, 
 devoted, self-sacrificing, and successful minister of 
 Christ to this people. 
 
 Mr. Wallace was born at Little Britain, Dec. 20, 
 1828. His earlier education was conducted by his 
 father, and after careful preparatory training he en- 
 ItJ 
 
 tered LTnion College, Schenectady, N. Y., and was 
 graduated with the highest honors of his class from 
 that institution in 1850. Having determined to con- 
 secrate his life to .service in the gospel ministry, he 
 entered the theological seminary at Newburgh, and 
 was graduated in 18.53. The next year he was or- 
 dained to the ministry, and labored for two years fol- 
 lowing in Otsego County, N. Y. In 18-")(5 he was in- 
 vited by the se.ssion of the Little Britain Church to 
 supply the pulpit during the illness of his father, the 
 pastor, and in 1S57 he was called by the church as col- 
 league with and successor to his father. The installa- 
 tion services occurred in December of that year. 
 
 Although Mr. Wallace has received numerous in- 
 vitations to take charge of other churches, and to en- 
 gage in other Christian work during his long pastorate, 
 a love for the place of his nativity, for the people and 
 their descendants among whom his father labored so 
 long, and a desire to see the work of the latter pros- 
 per and grow, has induced him to devote the best 
 years of his life and the richest products of his mind 
 to the Little Britain congregation. The long period 
 in which he has occupied the pulpit of this church, 
 added to the previous service of his father, nearly 
 completes the extraordinary jieriod ()( seventy years of 
 pastoral labor Ijy the same family. When that period 
 shall have been attained, Mr. Wallace jiroposes to 
 carry out a long-cherished purjwse to make an ex- 
 tended tour in Europe and the remote East, and thus 
 obtain that rest and physical and mental relaxation 
 which failing health imperatively demands. 
 
 Mr. Wallace inherits many of the, traits of his 
 father, is an active, earnest, untiring worker, devoted 
 to the leading Christian interests of the age, and a 
 regular contributor to its current literature. During 
 the late war he was granted absence by the church, 
 and served in the army as chaplain of the One Hun- 
 dred and Sixty-eighth New York Volunteers for sev- 
 eral months. He studies with care the spiritual and 
 material interests of the countrj', and by travel, read- 
 ing, and close observation, though located in a retired 
 neighborhood, has kept fully abreast of the discov- 
 eries and improvements of the age. He in an erudite 
 scholar, and prepared his two sons for an advanced 
 class in college, one of whom is now in the ministry, 
 and the other a ruling cider in his native church. 
 
 UNION M. E. CHURCH, V.AII/S (jATE. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church at Vail's Gtite is 
 called in old records the " Union Church of New 
 Windsor," a name which was probably intended to 
 imply that it was a neighborhood church in which 
 professors of every creed had a common interest. It 
 was the outgrowth of what was known in 1789 as the 
 John Ellison class. Ellison had formerly belonged 
 to the Church of England, which at that time had no 
 organization in the vicinity, and hence he was readily 
 led to give encouragement to the substitute which the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church ofi'ered, embracing, as 
 
234 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 the creed of the latter rlid, substantially the creed of 
 tlie Churcli of En;;land, of which it was originally a 
 branch. In 1791, Mr. Elli.son erected a building 
 near his residence at Mortonville, the first story of 
 which he occupied as a store, and the second he 
 fitted up as a hall for relijrious services. While itin- 
 erant preachers of all denominations were permitted 
 to occupy this hall, it was specially reserved for tho.se 
 of the Methodist Church, from which it became known 
 a.s the Methodist Church. It was occupied by the 
 Union Church until 1807, when the present building, 
 which has been somewhat modernized since its erec- 
 tion, was con.structed, and now forms the oldest church 
 edifice of the denomination on the west bank of Hud- 
 son's River. Iti 1809 it was made the head of the New 
 Windsor circuit, with Rev. Thomas Woolsey and 
 James Coleman preachers. At the quarterly confer- 
 ence of that year, held in the new Union church, 
 then the only one in the circuit, Andrew Cunningham 
 and Benjamin Westlake appeared as local preachers, 
 and Henry Still, James Benjamin, Thomas Collard, 
 and Jonathan Stephens as exhorters. The circuit em- 
 braced New Windsor, Sugar Loaf, Smith's Clove, 
 Lower Clove, Oxford, Warwick, Amity, Butter Hill, 
 Ketchumtown, Pochuck, Newfoundland, Deerpark, 
 New Shawangunk (Bethel), Hamburgh, Bellvale, 
 Vernon, and Cornwall. This circuit, which will be 
 recognized as covering a wide district of country, was 
 subsequently divided and subdivided until it has 
 finally substantially disappeared, the society at Moun- 
 tainville only now being included with it. The first 
 trustees of tJie church were elected April 6, 1804, and 
 were Daniel Holmes and Samuel Fowler, of New- 
 burgh, and Jabish Atwater (Atwood?), Samuel Du- 
 sinberre, and Henry Still, of New Windsor. The 
 following list of circuit preachers from 1810* to 1880 
 has been furnished by the present pastor, Rev. N. S. 
 Tuthill: 
 
 1810, Samuel Fowler, Samuel Bushnell ; 1811, John 
 Keline, Hawley Sanford ; 1X12, John Keline, James 
 Edwards, Stephen Jacob; 1813, Nathan Emory, 
 Ezekiel Canfield ; 1814, Luman Andrews, Bela Smith; 
 1815, Zalmon Lyon, Bela Smith ; 1816, Zalmon Lyon, 
 James Kline; 1817-18, J. Hunt, J. Brown; 1819, 
 Almond Comber, Heman Bangs; 1820, Phineas Rice, 
 Heman Bangs; 1821, Nicholas White, George Coles; 
 1822, Nicholas White, Gilbert Fowler; 1823, Gilbert 
 Lyon, Friend W. Smith ; 1824, Wm. Jewett, Friend 
 W. Smith; 1825, Noah Biglow, Henry DeWolf; 1826, 
 Jacob Hall, Luarters Stewart; 1827, Jacob Wall, 
 Raphael Gilbert ; 1 828, Jarvis Z. Nichols, Raphael Gil- 
 bert; 1829-30, Benjamin Griffin, Humphrey Hum- 
 phries; 1831, Phineas Rice, Hiram Wing; 1832-33, 
 Cyrus Silliman, Noble W. Thomas; 1834, James 
 Cabell, Nathan Rice; 1835, James Covell, John R. 
 Rice, Thomas Edwards ; 1836-37, Thomas Newman, 
 
 * Churcli included in Newburgli circuit prior to 1809, iu which latter 
 year New Windsor ciicuit was establiBlied. See Chapter IX., General 
 History, for names of preachers and elders. 
 
 Wm. Miller, Sylve.ster Strong; 1838, J. Z. Nichols; 
 1839-40, Wm. M. Ferguson ; 1841, John G. Smith ; 
 1842-43, Ira Ferris ; 1844-45, John Reynolds ; 1846, 
 Samuel W. King; 1847-48, James H. Romer ; 18.50, 
 David Holmes; 1851-52, Wm. Bloomer ; 18.53-.54, A. 
 C. Fields ; 1855, J. C. Washburn ; 1856, J. C. Wash- 
 burn, D. C. Hull ; 1857, John A. Selleck ; 1858, John 
 A. Selleck, Wm. E. Ketcham ; 1859, David B. Turner, 
 N. Brusie; 1860, David B. Turner, D. D. Gillespie; 
 1861, A. C. Fields, D. D. Gillespie ; 1862, A. C. Fields, 
 George C. Esray ; 1863-64, Wm. Blake; 1865, David 
 Gibson ; 1866-67, David B. Turner ; 1868-69, David 
 McCartney; 1870-71, George Daniels; 1872-74, Chas. 
 Gorse; 1875,0. P. Matthews; 1876-78, Job H. Cham- 
 pion ; 1879-81, N. S. Tuthill. 
 
 LITTLE BRIT.MN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 Information solicited iu regard to the history of this 
 church has not been furnished. The records of the 
 trustees (which we have been permitted to examine 
 through the kindness of William R. Weed, Esq.) 
 begin July 26, 1853, at which time the erection of 
 a church edifice, thirty-four feet front by forty-four 
 feet deep, was under contract with Harvey Alexan- 
 der, and appears to have been completed and occu- 
 pied in the fall of 18.54. The church is near Jackson 
 Avenue, and has a burial-ground attached. It is now 
 in a circuit with Gardnertown. 
 
 BURIAL-GROUNDS. 
 
 In addition to the New Windsor Presbyterian 
 Church burial-grounds, elsewhere noticed, there is 
 one attached to the ^'ai^s Gate Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, one attached to the Little Britain Church, 
 and one known as the " Mullinder Graveyard," west 
 of the last named. There are quite a number of 
 family burial-jdots, including those known as the 
 Clinton and the MeClaughry, and nearly all of them 
 are in a wretched condition. Woodlawii Cemetery, 
 under the charge of an association organized under 
 the State law, is being rapidly improved. The re- 
 mains of many persons have been removed to it from 
 other grounds both in Newburgh and New Windsor, 
 and many respectable monuments have been erected. 
 
 VII.-CIVIL LIST. 
 
 1763. — Joseph Belknap, clerk ; George Harris, supervisor ; Samuel Biew- 
 ster, .Tames Umphrey, and Geoi'ge Denniston, assessors ; Alexander 
 Denniston, constable and collector; Judah Harlow and Capt. .himes 
 Clinton, overseers of the ro,ads ; David Crawford and John Nicol!, 
 overseers of the pour; Andrew Crawford and William Lawrence, 
 fence-viewers. Klection at the house of Judah liarlow. 
 
 1764.— Joseph Belknai', clerk; Isaac Hodge, supervisor; John Nicoll, 
 Joseph Belknap, and David Humphrey, assessora ; Ilezekiah White, 
 constable and collector; Charles McCalli.'iter, deputy constable; 
 Hezekiab White, Leonard Nicoll, John Arthur, and Silas Wood, 
 overseers of the roads; John Yelverton and Robert Carscaden, over- 
 seers of the poor; Andrew Crawford and William Lawrence, fence- 
 viewers. Election at the house of Joseph Belknap. 1764 to 'liS. 
 
 1766.— Joseph Belknap, clerk; Capt. James Clinton, supervisor; Jnhu 
 Nicoll, Joseph Belknap, and David Humphrey, assessors: Ldwa;d 
 Falls, constable and col lector; Alexander Falls and Robert Huchanan, 
 security for collector; Silas Wood, overseer of the road; Jonathau 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 2:^5 
 
 Piirelmil unrl Hczt'kiuh White, overseers of tlie poor; Moses Fowler 
 
 ami John NicliuiBoii, feiicL'-viewers. 
 
 17GI). — Josepli Belknap, clerk; Isaac Nicoll, supervisor; Jolui Nicoll, 
 
 Joseph Helkiiiip, David Humphrey, assessors; William Edmonston, 
 
 constable anJ collector; Moses Fowler, Georj^e Dennistnn, Thomas j 
 
 King, Francis Maniieville, overseei^s of the roads; Moses Fowler and 
 
 John Nicholson, feme-viewers; John Monell and Robert Boyd, ! 
 
 j 
 overseers of the poor, 
 
 17G7. — Joseph Belknap, clerk; Isaac Xicull, supervisor; Juhn Nicoll, 
 Pavid Humphrey, Joseph Belknap assessors; Wm. Edmonston, 
 constable and collector ; The-iphilu!^ Cnrwin, Nathaniel Boyd, over- 
 seers of the poor: James Jackson, James Neely, John Nicholson, 
 overeeerfi of roails; John Nicholson, Isaac Nicoll, fence-viewers. 
 
 1768. — Josepli Belknap, clerk ; John Ellison, supervisor; George Dennis- 
 ton, John Nicholson, and Ilezekiah White, assessors ; William Ed- 
 monston, constable and collector ; Arthur Beatty and Nathan Smith, 
 overseers of poor; Robert Boyd, Joseph Belknap, James Jackson, 
 overseere of roads; Patrick McClaughry and Juduli Ihtilow, (euce- 
 viewers. 
 
 1769. — James Clinton, clerk ; John Ellison, supervisor; George Dennis- 
 ton, John Nicholson, Hezekiali White, assessors; Reuben W'eed, 
 constable and collector ; Samuel Brewster and Samuel Sly, overseers 
 of the pour; John Galloway, James Denniston, Theophilns Corwin, 
 Samuel Arthur, overseers of roads ; Jiidah Harlow and James Hum- 
 phrey, fence-viewers. Election at the house of Neal McArthur, 
 j nm to 'sr>. 
 
 1770. — James Clinton, clerk : John Ellison, supervisor; Hezekiah White, 
 James Denniston, David Humphrey, assessors; Nathan Smith, con- 
 stable and collector; Jndah Harlow and Timothy Mills, overseers of 
 the poor; James McClanghi'y, George Clinton, and Patrick Mc- 
 Claughry, commissioners of the roads; Samuel Logan, William Ed- 
 monston, Alexander Falls, Samuel Sly, ovei seers of loads; Walter 
 McMiclmel and Theophilns Corwin, fence-viewers. 
 
 1771. — James Clinton, clerk; William Jackson, supervisor; Hezekiah 
 White, James Denniiston, James McClaughry, assessors ; Nathan 
 Smith, collector and constable; Leonard Nicoll, James Buchanan, 
 overeeers of the pooi ; James McClaughry, Patrick McClaughry, 
 James Clinton, comniiusioneis of the roads: Isaac. Schult/,, Edward 
 Neely, fence-viewers ; Jiimes Jackson, Natlianiel Liscomb, Alexan- 
 der Falls, Jr., Samuel Sly, overseers of roads. 
 
 1772. — James Clinton, clerk; John Ellison, supervisor; John Nicoll, 
 John Nicholson, and Joseph Belknap, assessors; Nathan Smith, 
 constable and collector (Timothy Mills and Thomas Jolinsou, his se- 
 curities) ; David Ilolhiday, John GaHoway, overseers of the poor; 
 George Denniston, James Faulkner, John Nicoll, road commission- 
 ers ; Robert Buyd, Alexander Falls, Samuel Sly, William Edmon- 
 ston, Francis Mandeville, overseers of roads ; James Dunlap, William 
 Rider, fence-viewers. 
 
 1773. — James Clinton, clerk ; John Ellison, supervisor; John Nicoll, 
 John Nicholson, Joseph Belknap, assessors; George Coleman, col- 
 lector and constable; Isaac Schultz and James Neely, overseers of 
 the poor; Judah Harlow, Edward Neely, fence-viewers; James 
 Duulap, Samuel Arthur, Leonard Nicoll, Thomas Belknap, Saniuel 
 Sly, oveiseeift of roads. 
 
 1774. — James Clinton, cleik ; John Ellison, supervisor ; John Nicholson, 
 John Nicoll, Jiiseph Belknap, assessors; Robert Boyd, Robert Stew- 
 art, overseers of the poor; Theophilus Corwiu, Archibald Beatty, 
 fence-viewers; Judah Harlow, Leonard Nicoll, Gilbert Peet, Isaac 
 Belknap, James McClaughry, Samuel Sly, overseers of roads. 
 
 1775. — Jame.s (.'linton, clerk ; John Nicholson, supervisor ; John Nicoll, 
 Joseph Belknap, John Nicholson, assessors; James Hays, constable 
 and collectoi'; Silas White, Henry Man Neely, overseers of the poor; 
 David Halliday, John Beatty, fence-viewers; Isaac Schnltz, John 
 Dean, Benjamin Case, Sihis Wood, James McClaughry, Nathaniel 
 Boyd, overseers of roads. 
 
 COMMITTEE OF SAFETY. 
 
 " At a meeting of the freeholders and inhabitants of the precinct of 
 New Windsor, in the county of L'lster, this eighth day of May, 1775, for 
 the purpose of chusing a committee and signing an association for the 
 more firm union of the inhabitants in pursuing measures for their com- 
 mon safety— then proceeded to nominate and elect the following persons 
 to be a Standing Committee until the next precinct meeting : Col. James 
 Clinton, Capt. James McClaugliry, John Nicoll, Esq., John Nicholson, 
 Esq., Nathan Smith, Esq., Riibert Boyd, Jr., Samuel Brewster, Samuel 
 Sly, Samuel Logan. 
 
 " Col. James Clinton, Capt. James McClaughry, and .John Nicoll, Esq., 
 
 were named as delegates to rejiresent tlie precinct in a convention tu be 
 
 held at the house of Mrs. Ann DuBois, Marlborough, to appoint delegates 
 
 to tlie Provincial Convention at New York, May 25th."— Town Ite'or'U. 
 
 1776. — Robert Boyd, Jr., clerk ; Nathan Smith, supervisor; John Nicoll, 
 JoReph Belknap, George Denniston, assessors; James Hays, constable 
 for New Windsor: Thomas McDowell, constable and collector; Fran- 
 cis Mandeville, Alexander Denniston, overseers of the poor; Judah 
 Harlow, Robert Burnet, fence-viewers; .James .Jackson, Sr., William 
 Edmonston, Samuel Arthur, Silas Wood, Hugh Humphrey, Stephen 
 King, overseers of roads. 
 
 1777. — Robert Boyd, Jr., clerk ; Nathan Smith, supervisor; John Nicoll, 
 Joseph Belknap, George Denniston, assessors; James Hays, consta- 
 ble for New Windsor; Nathaniel Boyd, constable and collector; Gil- 
 bert Peet, Jolm Waugli, overseers of the poor; John Gollow, high- 
 way-nnister for New Windsor, William Edmonston for Goshen road, 
 Samuel Artliur for Murderer's Creek road, Silas Wood for Silver 
 Stream, Hugh Humphrey fur Little Britain, Samuel Sly for Hunting- 
 Grove; James Jaclison, Sr., and Thomas Parshall, fence-viewers; 
 SamiH'l Brewster, Robert Boyd, Jr., Nathan Smith, Hugh Humi)lirey, 
 George Denniston, J()hn Nicoll, James McClaughry, Leonard D. 
 Nicoll, Samuel Arthur, committee of safety. 
 
 1778. — Robert Boyd, Jr., clerk ; Nathan Smith, supervism-; John Nicoll, 
 Joseph Belknap, George Denniston, James Faulkner, James Kerno- 
 chau, assessors; James Hays, constable: Nathaniel Garrison, con- 
 stable and collector ; Leonard D. Nicoll, James Burnet, overseers of 
 the poor; Joshua Sears, highway-master for New Windsv)r, William 
 Edmonston for Goshen road, David Mandeville for Creek, Silas 
 Wood for Silver Stream, Hugh Humjihrey for Little Britain, Samuel 
 Sly for Hunting-Grove. 
 
 1779. — Robert Boyd, Jr., cleik ; Nathan Smith, enpervisoi' ; John Nicoll, 
 Neal McArthur, William Scott, James Faulkner, John Waugh, as- 
 sessors ; James Hays, cnui?table ; Arch. Beatty, constalJe ami col- 
 lector; John Nicoll, Nathan Smith, Matthew DuBois, Wm. Telford, 
 Robert Boyd, Jr., commissioners of highways ; Joshua Sears, Robeit 
 Burnet, ovei-seers uf tlie poor; Leonard D. Nicoll, Alex. Denniston, 
 fence-viewers: Hugh Turner, William Edmonston, David Mande- 
 ville, Jacob Mills, Samuel Boyd, Samuel Sly, highway-masters. 
 1780. — Robert Boyd, Jr., clerk; Nathan Smith, supervisor; John Nicoll, 
 Neal McArthur, William Scott, James Faulkner, John Wangh, as- 
 sessors; James Hays, Robert Cross, constables ; Isaac Shultz, John 
 Burnet, John Moffat, William Telford, Robert Boyd, Jr., commis- 
 sionere of highways; David Mandeville, Stephen King, overseere of 
 the poor ; Jonas Williams, Edward Neely. fence-viewei s ; Barnabas 
 Corwin, highway-mastei- for New Windsoi, William Edmonston for 
 Goshen road, Vincent Helmns for Creek road, Josejdi Belknap for 
 Silver Stream, Samuel Boyd for Little Britain, Samuel Sly for Hunt- 
 ing-Grove. 
 1781. — John L. Moffat, clerk ; Mattliew DuBuis, supervisor; John NicoU, 
 Joseph Belknap, Jonathan Parshall, Wm. Telford, Matthew Gillespie, 
 assessors; James Hays, Ale.x. Kernochan, constables; Isiuic Schultz, 
 Leonard D. Nicoll, James Kernochan, William Telford, John L. 
 Moffat, commissioners of highways; Colvill Stewart, Moses Gale, 
 oveiseers of i,ioor ; James Latta, I>avid Slandeville, John Ellison, 
 Silas Wood, Thomas Palmei, Hugh Hnmphiey, Wm.Sty, Wm. Craw- 
 ford, highway-masters, the latter for Stonefield. 
 1782. — John L. MofTat, clerk ; Matthew DuBois, supervisor; John Nicoll, 
 Joseph Belknap, Edward Neely, assessors; James Hays, Wm. Sly, 
 constables ; Isaac Schultz, Leonard D. Nicoll, Thomas Belknap, Wm. 
 Telford, John L. MofTat, commissioners of highways; Thomas Bel- 
 knap, Nathan Smith, overseers of the poor; Joshua Sayre, Vincent 
 Helnius, William Edmonston. Isaac Belknap, David Parshall, Samuel 
 Sly, Alex. Denniston, highway-masters; Robert Johnson, Thomas 
 McDowell, fence-viewers. 
 1783. — William Telford, clerk; Matthew DuBois, supervisoi-; Viuceut 
 Helmns, Isaac DuBois, constables; John Nicoll. James Kernochan, 
 Edward Neely, assessors; Robert Boyd, Jr., Leonanl D. Nicoll, 
 Thomas Belknap, John Burnet, William Telford, commissioners of 
 highways; Wm. Ellison, Jonathan Parshall, ovei-seei-s of the pooi- 
 Johu Denniston, James Burnet, fence-viewers. 
 1784.— William Telfonl. clerk; Matthew DuBois, supervisor; Leonanl 
 D. Nicoll, Samuel Boyd, Edward Neely, assessoi-s; James Latta, 
 Leonaid D. Nicoll, George Denniston, James Clinton, John Burnet, 
 commissioners of highways; John Ellison, William Telford, overseei-s 
 of poor. 
 17H.'» — William Telfonl, clerk; Matthew DuBois, supervisor; Leonard 
 D. Nicoll, James Kernoghan, Archiiiahl Beatty, assessors; Samuel 
 Logan, Jdfihna Sears. William Scott, Thomas Belknap, Matthew Gil" 
 
23t) 
 
 IIISTOllY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YOllK. 
 
 lespie, commissioners of highways; Silas Wood, James DiiBois, con- 
 stables; Samuel Brewster, Ulills Caven, overseers of the poor. 
 Election at the huiise of Isiuii.- Bell; nap. 
 1786— William Telford, clerk; ,M:ittlie\v DiiBois, supervisor; Leonard 
 J^'icoll, James Kernoghan, WJliam Telford, assessors ; Jonas Wil- 
 liams, Samuel Boyd, Isaac Belkiiap. James Deuniston, Abraham 
 . Neely, commissiimers of highways; William Huntei, David Cook, 
 constables; John McCoi>eley, George Denniston, poor-niastere. 
 Election at the house of William Humphrey, 1786 to '91. 
 787. — William Telford, derk; Matthew DuBois, supervisor; Leonard 
 D. Nicoll, James Kernochan, William Telford, assessors ; Jonas Wil- 
 liams, Saml. Boyil, James Hamilton, Alexander Stewart, Robert 
 Cross, commissionei-s of highways; Danitd Gauthey, David Cook, 
 constables; John Ellison, Jaiiies Denuiston, collector; Gideon Sol- 
 omons, Colviu Stewart, overseers of the poor. 
 1768. — William Telford, clerk ; Blatthew DuBois, supervisor; Leonard 
 D. Nicoll, Johu Deuniston, William Telford, assessors ; Jonas Wil- 
 liams, Samuel Boyd, James Hamilton, Archibald Beatty, Rubert 
 Boyd, commissioners of highways ; Sila.s Wood, Ji., David Cook, con- 
 stables ; William Denniston, Edward Neely, collectois; Silas White, 
 Jacob Mills, John Morrison, poor-masters. 
 1780. — William Telfnrd, clerk; Mattliew DuBois, supervisor; Leonard 
 D. Nicoll, Johu Deuniston, William Telford, assessors; Jonas Wil- 
 liams, James Kernochan, Edward Neely, commissi one re of high- 
 ways; William Edmonstou, John Morrison, constables; Samuel 
 Boyd, John Dill, poor-masters. 
 1790. — William Telford, clerk; Matthew DuBois, supervisor; Leonard 
 D. Nicoll, John Deuniston, William Telfurd, assessors; Johu Gilles- 
 pie, James Kernochan, Willjum Wat'^on, Ciimmissiouers of high- 
 ways; William Edmonston, David McNeely, John Morrison, consta- 
 bles; James Thorn, David Dill, pour-niasicrs. 
 1791.— William Telford, clerk; Matthew DnBois, supervisor; Leonard 
 D. Nicoll, Johu Deuniston, William Telford, assessors; John Gilles- 
 pie, Francis Crawford, David Dill, commissioners of highways; 
 Jonas WilliaJiis, John Morrison, collectors; John Morrison, David 
 Clark, constables; James Thorn, David Dill, poor-masters. 
 1702. — Robert R. Burnet, clerk ; Matthew DuBois, supervisor ; Leonard 
 D. Nicoll, Johu Denuiston, Abraham Neely, assessors ; Jonas 
 Williams, John Morrison, collectors; David Clark, John Morrison, 
 constables; Jolin Gillespie. Francis Crawford, David Dill, commis- 
 sioners of bigliways ; Jonas Williams, John Morrison, ovei"seers of 
 the poor. Election at the house of David Clement, " being the 
 usual place." lu May following a special meeting was held " at 
 the liouse of Sarah Hamilton, the usual place of town-meetings."' 
 The house was built long before the Revulntion, and was burned 
 down a few years ago. Elections were held there from 1792 to 
 1810. 
 1793. — Robo4t R. Burnet, clerk; James Clinton, supervisor; Jonas Wil- 
 liams, Francis Crawford, David Dill, assessois; Leonard D. Nicoll, 
 John Morrison, Jr., collectoi-s; David Clark, Juhn Morrison, Jr., 
 constables; William Ellison, George Deuniston, Nathan Smith, com- 
 missioner-s of highways ; Isaac Shultz, William W. Sackett, overseers 
 of the poor. 
 1794. — Robert R. Burnet, clerk ; James Clinton, supervisor ; Jonas Wil- 
 liams, Francis Crawford, David Dill, assessors; James Thorn, Col- 
 ville Stewart, collectors; William Older, Jolin Morrison, Jr., consta- 
 bles; Joseph Morrell, Ale.x. Denniston, Archibald Beatty, commis- 
 sioners of highways : Jacob Smith, Alex Falls, overseers of poor. 
 1795. — Rubert R. Burnet, clerk; Francis Crawford, supervisor; Leonard D. 
 Nicoll, John Denniston, David Dill, assessoi's ; Vincent Helms, 
 George Deuniston, collectors ; Johu Scott, John Morrison, Jr., con- 
 stables; Asa Byron, Alex. Dennistiiu, Archibald Beatty, commis- 
 sioners of highways; John Scott, John Moriisun, Jr., overseera of 
 [K/or. 
 179G. — Robert R. Burnet, clerk ; Fraucis Crawford, sui)ervisor; Leonard , 
 D. Nicoll, Johu Denniston, David Dill, assessuis ; John D. Nicoll, 
 John Scott, collectors ; John Morrison, Jr., John Scott, constables; 
 William Ellison, William Muflat, Archibald Beatty, commissioners 
 of highways; John Scolt, John Morrison, Jr., overseers of the 
 poor. 
 1797. — Robert R. Burnet, clerk ; Francis Crawford, supervisor; William | 
 Beatty, Alexander Stewart, Leonard D. Nicoll, assessors; William J 
 Ellison, William Falls, collectors ; Joshua Green, William Falls, con- ' 
 stables; Asa Byram, Samuel Mofl'at, Archibald Beatty, comnn'ssion- ' 
 ei-s of highways; Samuel Logan, Joshua Green, William Telford, j 
 overseers of poor. I 
 
 1798. — Robert R. Rurnet, clerk ; Francis Crawford, supervisor; "William 
 
 Beatty, Alexander Stewart, Joseph Morrell, assessors; Abraham 
 Scbultz, Samuel Finley, collectors ; Joshua Green, George Jolinston, 
 constables; Archibald Beatty, Samuel Moffat, Asa Byram, commis- 
 sioner of highways; Leonard D. Nicoll, Joshua Green, overeeers of 
 the poor. 
 1799. — Robert R. Burnet, clerk; Francis Crawford, supervisor; William 
 Beatty, Alexander Stewart, Leonard D. Nicoll, assessors; Daniel Bor- 
 den, Benjamin Van Keuren, collectors; Josiiua Green, John Mc- 
 Michael, constables ; Archibald Beatty, Samuel Moffat, Asa Byram, 
 commissioners of highways; Isaac Shultz, Joshua Green, over&eers 
 of the poor. 
 
 The clerks and supervisors from 1800 to 1880 have 
 been as follows : 
 
 C7erfts.— 1800-23, 'William Blulliner; 1823, Robert Burnet; 1824, Wil- 
 liam Mulliner; 1859-Gl, John S. Wear; 1862-63, William R. Weed; 
 1864-G7, James W. Curwin ; 1868, James L. Mapes ; 1869-74, William 
 S. Fulton ; 1875, James L. Mapes; 1876-80, James W. Corwin. 
 
 SiiiJcrc/sorfl.— 1800-3, Francis Crawford; 18(:>4-6, Abiaham Scimltz; 1807- 
 9, Joseph Morrell; 1810-12, David Dill ; 1813-24, Abraham Schultz; 
 1828, Joseph J. Houston ; 1829-32. Charles Ludlow ; 1833-37. Robert 
 Sly; 1838, Walter Halsey ; 1841V41, James Denniston; 1842, Robert 
 Sly ; 1843, Samuel B. Sackett; 1844-51, James R Dickson ; 1852-54, 
 Joseph B. Burnet; 1855-56, Ebenezer Kecler; 1857-58, Thomas J. 
 Fulton; 1859-63, George A. Denniston; 1863, Thomas J. Fulton ; 1864 
 -65, William B. Weed; 1866-67, Joseph B. Burnet; 1868-70, William 
 R. Weed ; 1871-75, Charles G. Corley ; 1876, William R. Weed ; 1877 
 -78, George McCartney; 1S79, Benjamin B. OdeB ;* 1880, George 
 McCartney. 
 
 VIII.-BEBELLION RECORD. 
 
 The number of volunteers furnished by the town 
 for the suppression of the Rebellion was : 
 
 Prior to July 1, 1863 129 
 
 January and February. 1864 72 
 
 August, 1864 - 24 
 
 December, 1864 2 
 
 Total 227 
 
 In the final settlement with the State the town was 
 allowed an excess of sixty-nine one-year's, or twenty 
 three-years' men, and the town was paid — 
 
 For excess of 23 men $13,800 
 
 For bounties to two men 1,200 
 
 SI5,UOO 
 
 The sum of $4620 was raised by subscription for 
 bounties in 18*52. $6100 was paid for bounties by the 
 town in January and February, 1864 ; $19,150 under 
 the August call ; and $1200 under the December call. 
 Total, $31,070. 
 
 The following list is compiled from bounty lists 
 and credits of senatorial committee : 
 
 Areson, Stephen W., 9th N. Y. Regt. ; enl. Aug. 30, 1S62. 
 
 Ackermau, Daniel, 124th Regt. 
 
 Anthony, J. Newton, aiozart. 
 
 Acker, James, 15th Art.; enl. 1864. 
 
 Ackert, Wnj. H., loth Art.; enl. 1864. 
 
 Anderson, George L., 15tli Art.; enl. 1864. 
 
 Boyd, Andrew Jl , Co. B, 124th Kegt.; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; pro. corporal ; 
 missing in action June 6, 1S64. 
 
 Bennett, John W., Co. G, 124th Regt. ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; taken pris. at 
 Chancellorsville; deseiled while paroled prisoner. 
 
 Bennett, Garrett H., Co. G, 124th Regt. ; eul. Aug. 20, 1802 ; wounded at 
 Gettysburg ; died Jan, 17, 1865, of pneumonia. 
 
 Burns, John, Co. G, 124th Regt; enl. Aug. 22, 1804. 
 
 Brock,Selah, Co. G, 124th Regt.; enl. Aug. 26, 1802; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg ; disch. Feb. 2, 1804. 
 
 * Resigned January, 1880. George McCartney elected for unexpired 
 
 term. 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 237 
 
 Benjamin, John F., 2d Cav.; enl. Aug. 29, 1862. 
 
 Benjamin, Samuel A., 2d Cav. ; enl. Aug. 29, 1862. 
 
 Burns, Jlattliew, 36tli Regt.; enl. Sept. 1, 1802. 
 
 Butler, John. 166tti Begt.; enl. Sept. 1, 1862. 
 
 Babcock, Theodore W., lC6th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 14, 1862. 
 
 Brown, Charles, 168th Begt.; enl. Oct. 22, 18C2. 
 
 Beanies, John, 168th Begt.; enl. Oct. 18, 1862. 
 
 Brown, Josiah H.. 2d Cav. ; eul. Sept. 24, 1862. 
 
 Brundage, J. Howley, Mozart. 
 
 Brown, John, 2d Cav. 
 
 Bnston, William, Mozart. 
 
 Bowei-9, Harvey, Duryea's. 
 
 Bradley, John, .''leth Inf. 
 
 Bowen, George L., 7th Ind, Bat.; enl. Oct. 1861 ; disch. Jan. 1863. 
 
 Brown, John, Berdan's S. S. 
 
 Baird, Thomas. 2d Cav.; enl. 1862. 
 
 Buckmaster, Robert M., Vlst Slil., and Co. B, 0th Regt. 
 
 Bigger, Samuel, l,ilh Art. ; enl. 1864. 
 
 Bush, Joseph H., loth Art.; enl. 1804. 
 
 Burns, Martin, loth Art. ; eul. 1864, 
 
 Brown, Isaac V. D., 7th Bat. ; enl. 1864. 
 
 Buckley, Frederick, 7th Bat. ; enl. 1864. 
 
 Bowles, AVilliam J., colored; enl. 1864. 
 
 Balf, William C, 98th Begt.; enl. 1864; also in 3J Begt., Co. B; enl. 
 May 14, 1801. 
 
 Baird, Ira H., enl. Aug. 1804. 
 
 Chambers, John, Co. G, 124th Regt. ; eul. Aug. 17, 1802; died April 23, 
 1804. 
 
 Cooper, Chas. G., Co. G, 124th Regt.; enl. Aug. 18, 1862 ; Third Corps; 
 pro. to Vet. Res. Corps. 
 
 Cressy, Chas. T., lieut. Co. A, 124th Kegt. ; enl. Aug. 18, 1862 ; died of dis- 
 ease June 14, 1864. 
 
 Coleman, George W., 124th Kegt. ; enl. Aug. 23, 1802 ; killed at Chancel- 
 lorsville. 
 
 Calilwell, William, 2d Cav. ; enl. Aug. 28, 1862 ; discharged. 
 
 Carr, Solomon, 124th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 2, 1862. 
 
 Carroll, Dennis, 168th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 
 Carr, David, 106th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 
 Cole, Joel, 160th Regt.; enl. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 
 Conkling, Peter R., 100th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 
 Conkling, Martin C, 166th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 7, 1802. 
 
 Coleman, George S., 166th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 7, 18B2. 
 
 Cloyd, James C, 87th Regt. ; wounded at Fair Oaks; discharged. 
 
 Cloyd, Ilavid C, lieut. 87tli Regt.; died at New Windsor. 
 
 Cypher, Henry L., 36th Regt.; enl. October, 1801. 
 
 Cook, Francis, 16Sth Regt. 
 
 Curtis, Robert. lOStli Regt. 
 
 Craig, Robert C, 168th Regt. 
 
 Courter, David L., 87th Regt.; enl. October, 1861. 
 
 Cary, Joseph N., 124tli Begt. ; enl. 1804. 
 
 Carey, William, 124th Regt. ; enl. 1864. 
 
 Conkling, Edward, 15tb Art.; enl. 1864. 
 
 Conkling, James, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 19, 1804. 
 
 Cameron, Wm. H., 2d Bat.; enl. Jan. 18, 1864. 
 
 Cherry, Sylvanus P., enl. Jan. 18, 1864. 
 
 Clearwater, Wm. B., enl. Jan. 18, 1864. 
 
 Crouse, Wm. H., 7th Bat. ; enl. Jan. 18, 1861. 
 
 DeGroat, Nelson, 124th Regt.; enl. Aug. 22, 1862; died at New Windsor 
 while on furlough. 
 
 DeGroat, Hiram W., 124th Regt. ; enl. Aug. 31, 1862 ; trans, to 93d. 
 
 I'avy, John James, 2d Cav. ; enl. Aug. 26, 1802. 
 
 llavy, George W., 2d Cav.; enl. Aug. 29, 1862. 
 
 Dickson, Francis, Co. I, 124tli Kegt. ; enl. Sept. 5, 1862 ; trans, to 93d. 
 
 Downing, Charles, Co. E, 124th Begt. ; enl. Sept. 2, 1862 ; served full term. 
 
 Davis, Charles, 2d Cav. ; enl. Oct. 7, 1802. 
 
 Dougherty, Robert, 2d Cav. ; enl. Oct. 6, 1862. 
 
 Dourn, James, 2d Cav. ; enl. Oct. 13, 1862. 
 
 Duzenberry, Zenopheu, 124th Regt.; enl. Aug. 22, 1862. 
 
 Dutcher, Timothy, Mozart. 
 
 Doitline, John, 98th Regt.; enl. 1804; also in 168th, 1862. 
 
 Doty, Ezra, 98th Begt. ; enl. 1864. 
 
 Diamond, Clias., 20th Cav. ; enl. 1864. 
 
 Derwiu. Joseph S., 20th Cav. enl. 1864. 
 
 Decker, Garret, 124th Regt. ; enl. 1864. 
 
 Davis, John, enl. Oct. 2.j, 1861. 
 
 Edwards, Charles, Co. 1, 124tli Regt. ; enl. Aug. 19, 1862 ; killed at Gettys- 
 burg. 
 
 Ensign, Charles A., Co. 1, 124th Regt ; eul. Aug. 19, 1862. 
 
 Ellis, A. Van Home, col., 124tli Begt. ; enj. Aug. 1862; also in 71st 
 
 Regt, 1801; killed at Gettysburg. 
 Ellsworth, Frank, 7th Bat. ; enl. 1864. 
 Ennis, Michael, 7th Art.; enl. 1864. 
 Fitzgiblpons, Patrick, 7th Art. ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864. 
 Fuller, Alex. D., 7th Art.; enl. Sept. :i, 186*. 
 Foot, Horatio, 47th Maas. Regt. 
 Faulkner, Matthew, 15tb Art.; enl. Jan. 18, 1804. 
 Fuller, Alex. D., 63d Inf.; enl. 1864; also in 7th Bat., 1861. 
 Fairchild, Andrew, 63d Inf.; enl. 1864. 
 Frohlick, Rudolph, eul. 1864. 
 Fuller, Charles, enl. 1864. 
 Gardner, Daniel S., Co. C, 124th Regt. ; eul. Aug. 20, 1862; wounded May 
 
 3, 1863, and in the hospital until December ; served full term. 
 Glen, Edward, 124th Begt. ; enl. Sept. 2, 1862. 
 Gerow, Charles N., 2d Cav. ; eul. Aug. 29, 1862. 
 Garrison, John W., 166th Begt. ; enl. Oct. 14, 1862. 
 Garrison, David, 1601h Regt. ; enl. Oct. 14, 1862. 
 Goetchius, Isaac N., Co. A, 124th ; wounded slightly at Chancellorsville, 
 
 May 3, 1863. 
 Graham, William, 2d Cavalry. 
 Gage, Eli, Co. K, S7th Regt.; enl. Oct. 3, 1861. 
 Greely, Cyrus D., 7th Bat.; enl. 1864. 
 Humphries, George H., enl. 1864. 
 Humphries, Joseph, 63d Regt. ; enl. 1804. 
 Higgins, Benjamin F., 2d Cav.; eul. Sept. 9. 1802. 
 Hider, William H., 2d Cav.; enl. Sept. 24, 1862. 
 Hovercamp, Jacob, 166th Regt.; enl. Oct. 14, 1862. 
 Harris, George, 2d Cav.; enl. 1864. 
 Hughs, John H., 66th Regt. ; enl. 1864. 
 Howe, Ira F., enl. 1804. 
 Howard, James E., 7th Bat. ; enl. 1804. 
 Jennings, Daniel C, 124th Kegt. ; enl Aug. 14, 1802. 
 Jennings, Thomas, lOOIh Regt.; enl. Oct. 14, 1802. 
 Jones, William, 2d Cav.; enl. Oct. 20, 1S62. 
 Johnson, George B.. 2d Art.; enl. 1864. 
 Johnson, Thomas, enl. 1804. 
 King, William H., 2d Cav. ; enl. Sept. 11, 1862. 
 Kelly, Nathaniel, 2d Cav.; enl. Sept. 24, 1862. 
 Kirk, Charles H., 168th Begt. 
 Kirk, David, 16Sth Regt. 
 Krampf, Henry, 13th Art.; enl. 1864. 
 Kane, Thomas D., 50th Regt. ; enl. 1864. 
 
 Kemp, James H., 7th Art. ; enl. Jan. 16, 1804; must, out July 31, 1865. 
 Kirkwood, Andrew, 6th Cav.; enl. Jan. 16, 1864. 
 Kelly, Marcus, Col'd; enl . Jan. 16, 1864. 
 Leahy, Patrick, 168th Begt.; enl. Oct. 23, 1802. 
 Latham, Samuel D., 124tli Regt.; enl. Aug. 18, 1862. 
 La Fountain, John, 2d Cav.; enl. Aug. 14, 1802. 
 Lent, Henry, 50th Begt. ; enl. 1801. 
 Lent, James, 50th Regt. ; enl. 1801. 
 Lynch, William, 15th Cav.; enl. 1864. 
 Maxwell, Robert, 2d Cav. 
 
 Morgan, George, 124th Regt. ; enl. Sept. 2, 1862. 
 Mabie, Jeremiah, 168th Regt.; eul. Oct. 17, 1862. 
 Manly, John, 2d Cav.; enl. Oct. 22, 1862. 
 Miller, Charles, 2d Cav. ; enl. Sept. 30, 1862. 
 Malone, John, 168th Regt. 
 Morrow, Frank, 124th Regt. 
 Morton, George C, lieut, 2d Cav. 
 Morton, Charles E., lieut. 2d Cav. 
 McMahon, Francis, Co. G, 124th Regt.; enl. Sept. 5, 1862; wounded at 
 
 Jones' Cross-IUiads, Nov. 22, 1863. 
 McCullough, Hamilton, 2d Cav. 
 McCartney, John, 108th Regt. 
 Mclutyre, Martin V.. lieut. 7th I. Bat. 
 Many, Mortimer, 30th Regt. 
 McSIahan, Michael, 5Gth Regt. 
 Malian, James, 20th Conn. 
 Morrow, Stephen, 2d Cav. 
 
 Murphy, Martin V., 2d .Mounted Rifles; enl. 1864. 
 Matthew, James, 7th Bat. ; enl. 1804. 
 Mackay, Edward, loth Cav.; enl. 1S04. 
 Milliken, James, 15th Art.; enl. 1864. 
 McCornell, Andrew J., enl. 1864. 
 Murphy, John, enl. 1864. 
 
238 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Morehcail, Samuel, 7th Bat. ; enl. 1864. 
 
 Newell, Jacoh, loijth Regt. ; enl. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 
 Owen, William I!., Co. C, 124tli Kegt ; enl. Avig. 14, 1862; Bliot through 
 
 lireast at Spottsylvania May Vl, 1864; died of wounds May 14, 1864. 
 Onuy, EJwald, li4th Kegt. ; enl. Aug. 19, 1862. 
 O'Hara, Daniel, Co. 0, 124th Eegt. ; erl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; wounded feveiely 
 
 .at Chancelloi-sville; trans, to Vet. Res. Coi-ps; died of wounds Oct. 
 
 tiS, 1863. 
 Oveitun, John B,, 2d Mt. R. ; enl. 1864. 
 Oakley, Wni. S., eiil. August. 1864. 
 Parker, Chailes H., 2d Oav. ; enl. Oct. lU, 1862. 
 Pierce, Bowen, 166th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 Pike, Geursre, ;i,l N. Y. ; enl. 1S61. 
 Pires, Wesley, -id Ait.; enl. 1801. 
 Price, Arthur C, 60th Regt. ; enl. 1861. 
 Pierce, Edinnud A., 106th Regt. ; enl. 1862. 
 Post, Bevei ly, "tli Art. ; enl. Jan. 17, 1S64. 
 Passwater, Thus. E., 56th Regt.; enl. 1864. 
 Quiun, Edward, 50th Regt.; enl. 1861. 
 Ryan. James, 124th Regt.; enl. Aug. 16, 1862. 
 Rohinson, John H., 2d Cav. ; eul. Aug. 20, 1862. 
 Rodgers, Edgar, 2d Cav.; enl. Aug. 10, 1862. 
 Rake, Isaac, 108th Regt.; enl. Aug. HI, 1862. 
 Root, George 0., lOOlh Regt. ; enl. Aug. 10, 1862. 
 Root, James, 87th Regt. 
 
 Riley, Thomas, Co. K, S7th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 3, 1861. 
 Roe, Edward P., 2d Cav.; eul. 1802. 
 Roach, James, 1st Eng. ; enl. 1864. 
 Roselle, James, enl. 1804. 
 Reid, William, 7th Bat.; enl. 1864. 
 Simmons, Charles, enl. Aug. 24, 1862 
 
 nut on roll hy that name. 
 
 Stafford, John J., Co. E, 124th Regt.; enl. Aug. 21, 1862; disch. March 
 
 23, 1803, at hospital. 
 Stalter, Peter T., Co. E, 124th Regt. ; enl. Aug. 27, 1862; disch. at Wash- 
 
 ingtonville Nov. 3, 1862. 
 Stalter, Ahraliam, Co. G, 124th Regt.; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; wounded at 
 
 Chaucellorsville; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. 
 Shaw, Rodman, 100th Regt.; enl. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 Smith, James H., Mozart ; enl. 1S61. 
 Smith, Abraham, 7th Ind. Bat.; enl. 1861. 
 
 Seamau, Charles, Co. H, 124th Kegt.; eul. Aug. 26, 1802; killed at Chau- 
 cellorsville May 3, 180 1. 
 Smith, William, lOSth Regt. ; enl. 1802. 
 Smith, John, 168th Regt. ; eul. 1862. 
 Snell, David H., 87th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 21, 1861. 
 Schneider, Victor, 98th Regt. ; enl. 1864. 
 Storms, William, enl. 1864. 
 Snyder, Alexander, enl. 1804. 
 Simons, Lyman N., enl. 1864. 
 Simons, Daniel J., enl. 1804. 
 Sager, Murris, 0:iil liegt. ; eul. 1864. 
 Smith, John II., 7tli Bat. ; enl. 1864. 
 Sniffen, William, .'lOlIi Begt. ; enl. 1804. 
 Tilton, James 1) , Co. C, 124tli Regt. ; enl. Aug. 14, 1802; supposed killed 
 
 at ChalKellorsville May 3, 1803. 
 Tuttle, Ahraham, Co. M, 71.st Kegt. ; enl. 1801. 
 Topping. Jacoh, Duryea's Zouaves: enl. 1801. 
 Verplank, Wm. A.-, lieut. Cu. E, 124th Kegt. ; eul. Aug. 19, 1.S62; disch. 
 
 Sept. 15, 1S63. 
 Van Horn, Thomas, 26th U. S. Col'd Regt.; enl. 1864. 
 Vau Gordon, William P., 7th Bat.; enl. 1864. 
 Ward, George V,, 168th Regt. ; enl. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 Wise, Albert, Co. C, 124th Regt.; enl. 1862: wounded at Chaucellorsville, 
 
 Va., May 3, 1863 ; sick from June 7 to July 6, 1863; must, out with regt. 
 Wilson, Robert, Jr., 7th Ind. Bat.; enl. October, 1861. 
 Wood, Wm. B., 166th Regt. ; eul. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 Willjert, Charles, 98th Regt.; enl. 1864. 
 Williert, Louis, 98th Regt.; enl. 1804. 
 Walton. John II., 16th Art.; enl. Jan. 19, 1864. 
 Youmans, George, 7th Art.; eul. 1804. 
 
 PRINCIPALS AND SUBSTITUTES. 
 September unj Aurjitst, 1864. 
 Burnet, Charles F., supplied Andrew Cohner, three years. 
 Buruet, Robert R., supplied Martin Holland, three years. 
 Cooper, Shadrack V., sui)plied James R. Conner, three years. 
 Chandler, Daniel C, supplied James Bennett, three yeara. 
 
 Caldwell, John R., supplied Robert Ellison, three years. 
 Caldwell, John N., sujiplied John Tliew, three years. 
 Caldwell, Charles, supplied Robert Cox, three yeais. 
 Denniston, William Y., supplied Jacob Reeder, three years. 
 Denuiston, Luther, supplied M. Vassler, three yejii-s. 
 Fulton, Thomas J., Jr., supplied Thomas King, three yenre. 
 Humphries, George C, supplied Charles Schmidt, three yeans. 
 Jones, John, supplied .John Lelan, three years. 
 Jones, Charles, suijplied Peter 0. Graves, three year's. 
 Miller, James H., suiiplied John Kelly, three yeai-s. 
 Miller, James V. K., supplied John Griffin, three years. 
 Oakley, Lucas, supplied Francis Brown, three years. 
 Scott, William F., supplied William Schroeder, three years. 
 
 Smith, Charles, supplied , thi-ee years. 
 
 Terwilliger, Granville C, supplied Isitac Schrompff, three years. 
 Van Cleft, Lewis A., supplied John Peters, three years. 
 W'alsh, Jcdin H., snpidied Horton Murray, three yeai-s. 
 Wood, David F., supjilied Edward Lee, three years. 
 
 Call of Dee. 19, 1804. 
 Derbyshire, Juhn. supjdied .\nton Blagee, three years. 
 Upright, Benjamin, sup|died James Muffit, three years. 
 
 .^riiSCRIPTIONS. 
 To promote enlistmeuts in 1862 a .sub.scription was 
 raised amounting to $4620. The subscribers were: 
 
 Philip Verplank S500 
 
 Erastus Ide 2.50 
 
 J. DeWitt Walsh 2,50 
 
 John D. Van Buren 250 
 
 E. B. Nicoll 100 
 
 B. Franklin Clark 250 
 
 Thomas Morton 2-50 
 
 Peter Roe 100 
 
 George \. Denniston 100 
 
 Thomas J. Fulton KJO 
 
 E/.i-a P. Thompson luO 
 
 Mary E.Miller 400 
 
 Maria McKnight 200 
 
 James Patten 100 
 
 Samuel L. Denniston InO 
 
 David C. Chandler 100 
 
 Lewis Van Cleft 100 
 
 William H. Miller 100 
 
 Joseph B. Burnet 100 
 
 Franklin MuUiner 100 
 
 Franklin Mulliner, Jr 100 
 
 Ale.xander Elliott 100 
 
 James Shaw 100 
 
 JolinB. Keruochan 100 
 
 Mrs. Arietta Nicoll 50 
 
 John R.Caldwell S50 
 
 James W. Morrison 25 
 
 Francis VVygant 50 
 
 George Arnott 25 
 
 D. C. Brown 10 
 
 David Goldsmith 20 
 
 Thomas Wiley 10 
 
 William Maxwell 20 
 
 William F. Scott 50 
 
 John Cromwell 10 
 
 John D. Vail 25 
 
 Alfred Denniston 10 
 
 Thomas Denniston 25 
 
 John Buchanan 25 
 
 William C<Miser 10 
 
 Selah W. Strong 25 
 
 .Tosejih Kelly 25 
 
 G. C. Terwilliger 25 
 
 William R. Weed 10 
 
 Thomas Still 10 
 
 William F. Cooper 50 
 
 David D.C.Wood 10 
 
 Daniel Moores 25 
 
 Euclid Mulliner 50 
 
 Daniel A. Shuart 50 
 
 The money was expended through a committee 
 conii^osed of George A. Denniston, John B. Kerno- 
 chan, John D. Van Buren, and J. DeWitt Walsh, the 
 latter acting as treasurer. The sum of $4320 was 
 paid fqr bounties and incidental expenses, and $300 
 returned to the subscribers pro rata. 
 
 In January and February, 1864, the town paid 
 $2150 for bounties, and in December of the same year 
 $19,750. Recapitulated the figures are : 
 
 Subscription of 1802 $4,320 
 
 Bounties, 1864 21,90(1 
 
 Refunded by the State 
 
 S26,220 
 15,000 
 
 Net expenditure, exclusive of connty bounty tax.... $11,220 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 CHARLES CLINTON AND HIS DESCENDANTS. 
 
 While many of the early settlers of New Windsor 
 
 were of superior character and had many honored 
 
 sons, there were none more so than Charles Clinton, 
 
 through whose descendants the name of Little Britain 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 239 
 
 has been made familiar to students of history in all 
 parts of the nation. Wliile by birth a native of Ire- 
 land, 1))- blood Charles Clinton was English and 
 Scotch, — on his paternal side a descendant of Henry 
 Clinton, second Earl of Lincoln, on his maternal a 
 descendant of a Scottish lady. With a company of 
 relatives and neighbors in the county Longford, Ire- 
 laud, he sailed for America in May, 1729, and founded 
 his permanent home in Little Britain in 173L Pie 
 was well educated, and became a leading man in the 
 province. He was appointed judge of the Court of 
 Common Pleas of Ulster County, which office he filled 
 with ability. In addition to his duties in this capacity, 
 he became one of the most reliable surveyors in the 
 country. He served in the French and Indian war of 
 1759-(33 ; aided in the erection of churches and schools, 
 in opening roads, clearing lands, and in advancing the 
 cause of civilization ; and above all gave to his sons 
 not only an education which fitted them for any post 
 of iluty, but one on which was indelibly impressed a 
 lofty patriotism, a hatred of tyranny, and a devotion 
 to the cause of civil and religious liberty. He died at 
 Little Britain, Nov. 19, 1773, in his eighty-third year. 
 His children were Catharine, James, Mary (the 
 two latter died at sea), Alexander, Charles, James, 
 and Cxeorge. Alexander and Charles were physicians, 
 and have been noticed in another part of this work, 
 as has also George, the war Governor of the Revolu- 
 tion. James was a man of different type from his 
 brother George. He shrank from political life, al- 
 though political honors were his, preferring duty as a 
 civilian-soldier. At the age of twenty he served as 
 ensign, under his father, in the French and Indian 
 war, and fought by his side in the taking of Fort 
 Frontenac, now Kingston, in Canada. In 1763 he had 
 command of the forces raised to resist the invasion of 
 the counties of Orange and LTlster by the Indians, 
 and when the war of the Revolution broke out he 
 received one of the first military appointments from 
 Congress, and soon rose to the rank of major-general. 
 During the war he was in charge of the Northern De- 
 partment, with his headquarters at Albany, and led an 
 expedition against the Iroquois ludians, in which he 
 distinguished himself as an engineer by cutting a 
 road from the Mohawk to Lake Otsego, and in dam- 
 ming up the outlet of the lake so as to float boats over 
 the bars of the upper Susquehanna. He took part in 
 the siege of Yorktown, and after the war retired to 
 his farm in Little Britain, where he resumed his occu- 
 pation as a surveyor. At the urgent solicitation of his 
 friends he became a member of As.sembly, and of the 
 convention which ratified the constitution of the 
 United States. He was also a member of the conven- 
 tion of 1804, called to amend the Constitution of the 
 State. In all these positions he showed marked abil- 
 ity. On the 12th of December, 1812, at the age of 
 seventy-five years, he died where he was born, be- 
 loved by all who knew him, a brave, accomplished, 
 and unambitious patriot and soldier. 
 
 The limits of this sketch will not permit a reference 
 to the children of James and George specifically, but 
 we may not pass the name of DeWitt Clinton, the 
 third sou of James, who was born March 2, 1769. He 
 entered public life as the private secretary of his 
 uncle ; became at an early age member of Assembly 
 and then a senator ; member of the Council of Ap- 
 pointment; mayor of the city of New York for sev- 
 eral years; member of the Canal Board; Governor of 
 the State for two terms ; a candidate for President 
 against Madison, and invited by Adams to be Minister 
 to England. The statute-book is filled with acts of a 
 public nature originated by him, and while in the 
 Court of Errors he gave the leading opinions, and es- 
 tablished legal princi])les which have remained un- 
 changed. Taken all in all, he was one of the most 
 eminent and useful citizens this country has ever 
 produced. 
 
 The Clintons, as a family, have been unsurpassed 
 in our history. The Adams' only can boast of so 
 long a line of great aud useful men. 
 
 JOHN R. CALDWELL. 
 
 The family of this name were early residents of 
 county Antrim, Ireland, and held an honorable place' 
 in that section. The coat of arras consists of three 
 wells (cold wells), whence the name is said to have 
 been derived. John Caldwell, grandfather of our 
 subject, operated a large bleachery in county Antrim 
 at the breaking out of the Irish rebellion. Richard, 
 his son, and father of our subject, when a young man 
 participated in the rebellion, was arrested and incar- 
 cerated in the same cell with Robert Emmet, tried 
 and convicted of high treason, and sentenced to be 
 executed with Emmet. At the last moment he was 
 saved by Lord Cornwallis, then Lord Lieutenant of 
 Ireland, and sent to America. Being possessed of 
 some means, he settled at Salisbury ]\Iills, Orange 
 Co., operated a flaxseed oil-mill and engaged in trade. 
 He married Maria, daughter of John Chandler, an 
 early merchant of Blooming-Grove and a stanch 
 patriot during the Revolutionary struggle in America. 
 His father and brother also emigrated from Ireland 
 and settled in Blooming-Grove, where- the family is 
 still represented. Richard entered the United States 
 service during the war of 1812-15, aud served as a 
 captain in the Twenty-fifth Regiment of infantry. 
 He died from exposure during the military operations 
 in northern New York, on Nov. 22, 1812, at the early 
 age of thirty-five years, and is buried in the village 
 of Champlain, in this State. His wife died Jan. 23, 
 1877, aged eighty-eight years an.d six months. Of 
 the two children, John R. Caldwell is the only sur- 
 vivor. His sister Mary became the wife of Dr. Mar- 
 cus Sears, of Blooming-Grove. 
 
 John R. Caldwell was born at Salisbury Mills, 
 July 12, 1810. When but two years of age his father 
 died, aud he went to live with his grandfather, John 
 
240 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Chandler, of Blooming-Grove, who died when he was 
 but five. His early education was obtained at the 
 common schools of Blooming-Grove. Subsequently 
 he enjoyed three years of careful academic training 
 at St. John's College, Annapolis, Md., of which his 
 uncle, Rev. Dr. RafTerty, was president. When about 
 
 life. His home is one of the handsomest in New 
 Windsor, and the grounds tastefully laid out, present- 
 ing a pleasing and attractive appearance. Mr. Cald- 
 well is a prompt contributor to the worthy enterprises 
 of his day, a man of integrity and moral worth, the 
 adviser and counselor of many people, and a member 
 of the First Presbyterian Church of Newburgh. He 
 married on Sept. 13, 1831, Ruth, daughter of John 
 NicoU, of New Windsor, and has three sons, — Wil- 
 liam and John N. Caldwell are farming on the old 
 homestead in New Windsor; Charles Caldwell is 
 city surveyor of Newburgh. 
 
 v/^^>$?^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 /> ^^/^t^ t 
 
 sixteen years of age he entered the counting-house of 
 his uncle, John Caldwell, commission merchant, in 
 New York, where he remained two years. He then 
 returned to Blooming-Grove, and entered upon the 
 life of a farmer on the old Chandler homestea<I. In 
 the fall of 1831 he purchased two hundred acres of 
 land in the town of New Windsor of the Ellison 
 estate, where he has since continued to reside. By 
 careful agricultural operations he has much enhanced 
 the value of the property, cleared it of stones and 
 brush, and added other substantial improvements, 
 including two residences, both of which are in use, 
 one built in 1832, and the other in 185.5. For fifty 
 years he has been one of the most substantial and rep- 
 resentative of the farmers of New Windsor, foremost 
 in every good work, enterprising and progressive, and 
 in the enjoyment of the respect and esteem of hi.s 
 friends and neighbors. For the past twenty years he 
 has left the management of his farm largely to his 
 sons, and devoted himself to travel and the manage- 
 ment of important business interests for others in the 
 West Indies and in the Southern States. His specialty 
 in farming has been the production and shipment of 
 milk. He has taken no active interest in public 
 affairs, but lived a retired, modest, and unostentatious 
 
 ERASMUS DARWIN DRURY. 
 
 His grandparents were William and Eunice (Holt) 
 Drury, early residents of Worcester, Mass., where the 
 former was a prominent business man, serving in the 
 Legislature of the State. Dr. John Waldo Drury, 
 his father, was born in Worcester, Mass., on Oct. 21, 
 1791. He received careful academic instruction, and 
 subsequently entered upon the study of medicine, at- 
 tending lectures at the Vermont Medical College, 
 Castleton, Vt., from which institution he was gradu- 
 ated with the degree of doctor of medicine. When 
 only nineteen years of age he entered the Ignited 
 States army as a private soldier, and served during 
 the war of 1812-15, participating in the battle of 
 Plattsburgh, and in the other operations of the Ameri- 
 can forces in northern New York. In August, 1818, 
 he located in the town of New Windsor, Orange Co., 
 where he entered upon the practice of his profession, 
 and where he passed the remaiuder of a long and ac- 
 tive life. He enjoyed a large practice, was recognized 
 as a skillful and successful physician, a superior sur- 
 geon, and held in the community in which he dwelt 
 a prominent and representative place. He resided on 
 the old Parshall homestead, but adhered closely to the 
 demands of his profession in preference to farming 
 pursuits. He died Oct. 8, 1847. 
 
 Dr. Drury was married on Jan. 2, 1822, to Jemima, 
 daughter of Moses and Ruth (Miller) Parshall. with 
 which family he began to reside when he first located 
 in New Windsor. The children of the union were 
 two in number, viz. : Erasmus Darwin Drury, the 
 subject of this memoir, and Mary A. Drury, born Nov. 
 26, 1825. She married Robert Finley, of New Wind- 
 sor, Oct. 18, 1848, and died May 3, 1863, leaving four 
 children, namely, Moses D., Loanna F., Eura E., and 
 Robert D. Finley, all of whom reside on a portion of 
 the old Parshall tract. 
 
 The Parshall family is one of the oldest in the town 
 of New Windsor. The ancestor of the family in this 
 county was Israel Parshall, who was driven -from 
 France with the Huguenots after the Edict of Nantes. 
 He located at the east end of Long Island, at a point 
 then called Black River, where he passed his life and 
 is buried. Jonathan Parshall, his son, purchased six 
 hundred and seven acres of land belonging to the 
 
rjuy^ 
 
 // 
 
I 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 241 
 
 Markham tract in 1737. He paid for the land in in- 
 stallments, and did not receive the deed for it until 
 1753. For a time Jonathan Parshall occupied his 
 purchase, but after the death of his wife he removed 
 to Pittsburgh, Pa., where he died. He deeded his New 
 Windsor estate to his two sons, Jonathan and David, 
 both of whom passed their lives on the property. 
 Jonathan married Jemima Terry, and had four sons 
 and a daughter, of whom Moses was the third child. 
 He ahso lived and died on the old homestead. 
 
 Mrs. Jemima Drury, liis daughter, was born Jan. 6, 
 1806, and is the last representative of the family living 
 on the Parshall homestead. She occupies a portion 
 of the home tract, and is a well-preserved, intelligent, 
 and interesting old lady. Her grandchildren, the 
 children of E. Darwin Drury and of Robert Finley, 
 are the sixth generation of the representatives of the 
 Parshall family who have occupied the ancestral glebes 
 of their forefathers. 
 
 E. D. Drury was born on the old home tnict in New 
 Windsor on Jan. 28, 1823. He received an excellent 
 education at the high school in Newburgh, and at the 
 Montgomery Academy, and devoted his life to the 
 pursuit of husbandry in New Windsor, tilling the 
 same soil that several generations of his maternal an- 
 cestors cultivated. His life was not a long one, but 
 he manifested during his career characteristics that 
 endeared him to many, and which made him justly 
 popular in the community in which he dwelt. He 
 was of a modest, retiring temperament, devoted to 
 work and to the performance of domestic duties, — one 
 who avoided public life, and who stood in the front 
 rank of the successful farmers of his section. He was 
 a warm supporter of church and kindred institutions, 
 liberal and progressive in his views, and a member of 
 the Goodwill Presbyterian Church of Montgomery. 
 He died suddenly on Dec. 25, 1872. His wife was 
 Mary E. Finley, to whom he was united on Nov. 20, 
 1845. She died Sept. 30, 18(59. The children were 
 Laniira, Charles W., John James, George W., and 
 Frank. Charles W. Drury died on March 12, 1878. 
 The remaining children are living at the old family 
 seat, the sons already taking a place among the suc- 
 cessful farmers of the town. 
 
 ROBERT BURNET. 
 The Burnet fanuly of Little Britain is one of the 
 oldest in the county. Robert Burnet, its progenitor, 
 came from Scotland, near Edinburgh, about the year 
 1725. He first settled at Raritan, N. J., where he 
 followed his trade as a tailor. In 1720 he purchased 
 two hundred acres of the Andrew .Tohnson Patent at 
 Little Britain. Accompanied by his brother, who 
 subsequently returned to New Jersey, he erected a 
 log cabin and made preparations for clearing and cul- 
 tivation. He was also accompanied by John Reid, 
 who purchased an adjoining farm-lot, and whose 
 daughter, Ann, subsequently became his wife. He 
 
 was a Scot of pure type, six feet two inches in height, 
 a firm Presbyterian, and a rigid disciplinarian. He 
 died in the year 1774, in the seventy-third year of his 
 age. Seven children were the issue of this marriage, 
 viz.: 1, James; 2, John; 3, Robert; 4, Thomas; 5, 
 Patrick ; 6, Sarah ; 7, Mary. These children were 
 multiplied in the second generation to thirty-four, 
 whose descendants in the succeeding generations may 
 now be found in different parts of the country in 
 numbers beyond computation in a work of this char- 
 acter. Confining attention to a single branch, we 
 notice briefly Robert Burnet (2d), the oldest son of 
 James, the oldest son of Robert and Ann (Reid) Bur- 
 net. Robert (2d) was born in Little Britain, Feb. 22, 
 17G2. He resided with his father until his fifteenth 
 year, and attended the school of the Rev. John Mof- 
 fat, a local academy in the vicinity of some note in 
 its day. When the Revolution came on he joined a 
 military company, mainly composed of boys of from 
 fourteen to sixteen years of age, for home protection, 
 and with this company was several times under arms, 
 especially assisting in guarding the Hessian prisoners 
 from Burgoyne's army in 1777, who, on their march 
 through Little Britain, encamped for a night at Maj. 
 Telford's tavern, opposite the Burnet homestead. In 
 June, 1781, then nineteen years of age, he received 
 from Governor Clinton a commission as second lieu- 
 tent in Col. Lamb's regiment of artillery, then sta- 
 tioned at West Point, and was with his regiment at the 
 capture of Cornwallis at Yorktown. Returning with 
 his regiment to West Point, he remained there until 
 the disbandment of thearmy, apd commanded the rear- 
 guard in the march into the city of New York, as the 
 British evacuated it, in November, 1783, where, after 
 bidding Washington farewell at Fraunce's tavern, he 
 folded up his epaulette and laid it away, a memorial 
 which is still preserved. While stationed at West 
 Point he was one of the delegates appointed to meet 
 Washington at the Temple (March, 1783), and par- 
 ticipated in the i)roceedings on that occasion. He 
 was also present at a meeting of officers for the or- 
 ganization of The Society of the Cincinnati, of which 
 he became a member. Released from military duty, 
 he immediately entered upon his life-work at Little 
 Britain. On the 9th of June, 1784, he married Rachel 
 DeWitt, a niece of Mrs. (ien. James Clinton, and in 
 1785 purchased twenty acres of land from his uncle, 
 Maj. John Burnet, and commenced housekeeping in 
 the log cabin which his grandfather Robert had occu- 
 pied on his first settlement. In 1791 he purchased 
 the remainder of his uncle's farm, and took posses- 
 sion of the house which the latter had built. In 1801 
 he purchased of his father, James, one hundred acres, 
 and thus became the owner of the original homestead 
 of two hundred acres. In 1804 he erected the com- 
 modious mansion in which he resided at his death, 
 now owned (1881) by his grandson, Joseph B. Burnet. 
 He took an active part in the business affairs of his 
 native town and county ; was justice of the peace and 
 
242 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 town clerk for a number of years, and member of As- 
 sembly for two terms, 1800 and 1804. He was fre- 
 quently an executor and an administrator of estates; 
 among others of the estate of Gen. James Clinton 
 and of Moses DeWitt, the latter his wife's brotlier. 
 In person he was tall and erect, with a kindly face 
 and presence, — a man whose integrity was never ques- 
 tioned. At the time of his death he was the last sur- 
 viving original member of The Society of the Cincin- 
 nati, as well as the last surviving officer of the army 
 of the Revolution. He died Nov. 24, 1854, in his 
 ninety-third year. His wife, Rachel DeWitt, died 
 June 4, 1830, in her sixty-eighth year. His children 
 were: 1, Alexander C. ; 2, Charles ; 8, Jane; 4, Moses 
 DeWitt, at one time sheriff of Orange County, and 
 whose only surviving son, John Barber Burnet, re- 
 sides in Syracuse ; 5, Mary DeWitt ; 6, Robert, Jr. 
 The present owner of the Burnet homestead, Joseph 
 B. Burnet, who has already been referred to, is the 
 son of Cliarles (2d) and his second wife, Mary Ann 
 Barber. Through threescore years of life he has fully 
 maintained the characteristics of his ancestors, not 
 only in personal appearance, but in public and private 
 business relations. He has served six terras as super- 
 visor of the town, and also as justice of the peace, 
 and has the place of his grandfather in the church 
 and in society. At the old homestead home of his 
 grandfather was celebrated, under his auspices, on 
 the 29th of October, 1879, the one hundred and 
 fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of the pro- 
 genitor of the familv. 
 
 JAMES W. MORRISON. 
 
 James W. Morrison was born in New Windsor, on 
 Feb. 22, 1819, and was the fourth child of James and 
 Harriet (Patton) Morrison. His father engaged in 
 farming pursuits at Little Britain, and also kept the 
 hotel at that jioint for several years. The other chil- 
 dren were William P. (deceased), John H., and Jane 
 H. (deceased wife of Samuel Weed). 
 
 Mr. Morrison started out in life, after the death of 
 his parents, at the early age of nine years, and com- 
 menced work on the farm of his uncle, James Patton, 
 at Washington Lake. He remained there until 1842, 
 with the excejition of four years, during which he 
 was a clerk in the drug-store of John D. Phillips, of 
 Newburgh. In 1842 he purchased a farm of 100 
 acres near Washington Square, and entered upon the 
 life of a farmer on his own account. On Aug. 16, 
 1843, he married Sarali Jane, daughter of William 
 and Nancy Stewart, of New Windsor, and removed to 
 the old Stewart homestead, of which he has since be- 
 come the owner, anfl which constitutes his present 
 farm. His first wife died on April 3, 18(58, leaving 
 an only son, William J. Morrison, who was born 
 Jan. 25, 1847, and who resides on the farm with his 
 father. INIr. Morrison's second wife was Jane, daugh- 
 ter of Samuel Palmer, of New York, to whom he was 
 
 united Jan. 6, 1869, and who died, leaving no chil- 
 dren, on July 8, 1873. His present wife is her sister, 
 Margaret E. Palmer, whom he married Sept. 15, 1874, 
 and who has no children. 
 
 Mr. Morrison is recognized as one of the leading 
 farmers of his section. He has taken no active in- 
 terest in pul)lic affairs, but devoted himself closely to 
 the cultivation of his fine farm of 170 acres. His 
 buildings, both residence and outhouses, present a 
 handsome appearance, and he is constantly adding to 
 the architectural attractions of his place. The build- 
 ings were all erected by Mr. Morrison himself, under 
 the mechanical supervision of his friend, Harvey 
 Alexander, of New Windsor, and the frame-work of 
 all was obtained from his own farm. All the appoint- 
 ments of the farm are complete; the land is thor- 
 oughly drained, well fenced, and carefully cultivated 
 and intelligently tilled, and bears witness to the agri- 
 cultural skill of Mr. Morrison, and to the years of 
 labor and toil that he has expended upon it. He has 
 made a specialty for many years of dairying and the 
 manufacture of butter, and has sold this commodity 
 for forty-one years to one firm in New York City. 
 Though not a church-member, he has always lent lib- 
 eral su]i|)ort to church and kindred institutions, and 
 is one of the liberal, |)rogressive men of his town, en- 
 joying the respect and esteem of many friends. ■ He 
 attends the Second Presbyterian Church of Washing- 
 tonville, of which he is one of the trustees. He 
 attended the Associate Reformed Church of Little 
 Britain for many years (and his parents before him), 
 of wiiich he was also a trustee. He was a member of 
 the building committee in the erection of the present 
 house of worship, gave liberally to the building fund, 
 and had the jiersonal supervision of the work. 
 
 JOIIX BEATTIE KERNOCHAN. 
 
 John Beattie Kernochan was born in New Wind- 
 sor, on Oct. 26, 1821, on the place wliich constituted 
 his homestead at the time of his death. His maternal 
 grandparents were John Beattie, born 1751, died 
 April 17, 1840, and Elizabeth, his wife, who was born 
 in 1761, and who died March 31, 1840. The Beattie 
 family was one of the early families of the town of 
 New Windsor, and identified with its pioneer history 
 from the earliest years. John Beattie resided where 
 his grandson, the subject of this memoir, lived, and 
 for many years was one of the strong representative 
 farmers of his section. The parents of John B. Ker- 
 nochan were John Kernochan, born Nov. 20, 1785, 
 died Aug. 16, 1871, and Elsie (Beattie) Kernochan, 
 born Oct. 9, 1784, died Dec. 21, 1827. The marriage 
 occurred Nov. 7, 1815, and the children were Elsie J., 
 who married Samuel McGill, of New Windsor; Sa- 
 rah, wife of I. R. Goldsmith, of the same town; and 
 John B., our subject. 
 
 The latter was deprived of a mother's care at the 
 age of six years, and was reared to manhood in the 
 
 i 
 
■fS^^f!^' 
 
 ,.'^ 
 
 Lrl4^/r9j^ 
 
 y-t^^nf^-^^r^^^^^' 
 
Among the loading men of New Windsor for many years the ] 
 subject of this notice occupied a pruininent place. His parents [ 
 were Thomas and Jemima (Frost) Fulton, who early emigrated , 
 from Duchess County, and located upon the tract of land which ' 
 had been taken up by their kinsman, Robert Johnston, near * 
 Bethlehem. Their log cabin, which was probably erected by 
 Robert Johnston, stood in the orchard of the late Thomas 
 J. Fulton, Jr. Subsequently the couple occupied the ancient 
 (Jwelling that formerly stood on the lot now occupied by the 
 residence of William S. Fulton. Here Thomas Fulton and his 
 wife passed the remainder of their lives, enduring the priva- . 
 tions, hardships, and dangers incident to a pioneer life. The 
 former was born on Oct. 3, 1763, and died Oct. 26, 1814. His 
 wife, who was born Nov. 5, 1767, died June 26, 1846. Their 
 children were Jane, born Dec. 5, 1785, married Linus McCabc, 
 died Sept. IS, 1852; Robert J., boru Jan. 31, 1788, died Sept. 
 3, 1834,- Martha, born Aug. 26, 1793, married William Couser, 
 died Sept. 1, 1876; and Thomas J., born June 10, 1804, died 
 July 13, 1875. After the death of Thomas Fulton his farm 
 passed to the possession of his two sons, Robert J. and Thomas 
 J. Fulton, and subsequently became the sole property of the 
 latter, 
 
 Thomas J. Fulton, or, as he was more familiarly known, 
 "Squire" Fulton, was born on the family homestead, near 
 Bethlehem, on the date indicated above. His educational ad- 
 vantages were such only as the district school of his neighbor- 
 hood afforded. At the age of ten years he was deprived by 
 death of a father's care and protection, and thus early in life 
 the management and cultivation of a portion of the family 
 homestead devolved upon him. He met the situation man- 
 fully, and by industry, perseverance, and the exercise of good 
 judgment took a place among the successful agriculturists of 
 the town. He engaged in farming until the year 1859, when 
 the management of the property passed to his son, William S. 
 Fulton, with whom he continued to reside until his death, in 
 1875. 
 
 While Squire Fulton confined his life-work to the cultivation 
 of his farm, it was in the larger field of public life that he 
 manifested special activity and became most widely known. 
 Early imbued with Democratic principles, he remained a stead- 
 fast adherent of that party throughout his life, and was fre- 
 quently honored by his fellow-citizens by election to the leading 
 
 offices of the town of New Windsor. He was supervisor for a 
 number of years; a justice of the jjeace for thirty-two consecu- 
 tive years, and until he declined further election; and was for 
 several years one of the lay judges of Orange County. He 
 was also assessor of the town for a number of years, and in 
 his capacity of a justice he transacted a large amount of public 
 business. He was a man of strong convictions, decided in his 
 opinions, and possessed of excellent judgment. He frequently 
 acted as the adviser and counselor of his friends, and was ex- 
 ecutor or administrator of a large number of estates, some of 
 them of great value. His private life was free from fault; his 
 integrity of purjiose and deed was never questioned; and he 
 was respected and esteemed by all who knew him. He took an 
 active interest in church affairs, and was a valuable member of 
 the Bethlehem Presbyterian Church, of which he was also a 
 trustee, and a ruling elder for more than a quarter of a century. 
 He settled his sons, Thomas J. and William S. Fulton, on farms 
 adjoining, and lived to see his family grow up and his children 
 prospering in the world. 
 
 Squire Fulton was married on Nov. 9, 1824, to Mary A. 
 Schultz, of New Windsor, a representative of one of the pio- 
 neer families of the town. She was born June 26, 1807, and 
 died in December, 1875. The children were Fanny E, ; Mary 
 J., widow of Samuel M. Clemence, late of Bethlehem; Harriet 
 E., died Nov. 5, 1829; Thomas J., died Sept. 12, 1874; and 
 William S. Fulton. 
 
 Thomas J. Fulton, Jr., lived where his family still reside, 
 near Bethlehem, and was a useful man in his day and genera- 
 tion, filling positions of prominence in the town. He married, 
 Oct. 28, 1858, Mary E., daughter of Jarvis Knapp, of New 
 Windsor, who survives him, with their three daughters, Georgi- 
 anna, Mary F., and Laura C. Fulton. 
 
 William S. Fulton resides on the old homestead built by his 
 father in 1847. He is a member and trustee of the Bethlehem 
 Presbyterian Church; was town clerk of New AVindsor for six 
 years, and assessor for the past seven years. He was elected a 
 justice of the peace, but did not qualify. He married, Nov. 
 10, 1859, Phebe E., daughter of Sylvester M. and Annie M. 
 (iregg, of Newburgh, and has three daughters, — Fanny L., 
 Jennie M., and Anna S. Fulton. They and the children of the 
 late Thomas J. Fulton, Jr., are the fourth generation of the 
 family residing on the same property. 
 
NEW WINDSOR. 
 
 243 
 
 amily of his graudfatlier, John Beattie. His educa- 
 ional training was limited to the common schools of 
 
 Cis day. Upon attaining his majority he came into 
 ossessiou of the old Beattie homestead, which was 
 
 children were three in number, viz. : Frances M., de- 
 ceased, wife of Abner Mills, of Wallkill, and Adelaide 
 and Prudence M. Kernochan, who reside on the old 
 homestead. 
 
 WILLIAM LUSK McGILL. 
 His grandfather was Hugh McGill, who was born 
 in the north of Ireland, where the iamily was in good 
 circumstances. At the breaking out of the Irish re- 
 bellion, Hugh McGill, then a lad of seventeen years 
 of age, participated in the revolutionary movements 
 of the neighborhood, and narrowly escaped arrest by 
 the English authorities. Getting on board of a vessel 
 he came to New York, and subsequently engaged in 
 farming at Little Britain, Orange Co. After a time 
 he purchased a farm in Cornwall, where he passed 
 the remainder of his days, dying about 18.34. He 
 married a Miss Hallock, and had three sons and a 
 daughter. John and Samuel lived and died in Corn- 
 wall. Margaret, the daughter, nuirried George Van- 
 derheiden, of Troy, N. Y. 
 
 JrZ^ A / 
 
 '/ 
 
 ^ JS'^.,^— v-v-- 
 
 devised to him by his grandfather, subject to the pay- 
 ment of certain legacies, and he entered upon the avo- 
 cation of a farmer. On March 'J, 1S43, he was united 
 in marriage to Jane, daughter of James and Prudence 
 Denniston, of Little Britain, and a representative of 
 another of the old, substantial families of the town. 
 
 Mr. Kernochan i)assed liis entire life upon the tarm 
 upon which he was horn. He was a careful and 
 thrifty farmer, cultivating his land with intelligence 
 and good judgment, and ranking among the first 
 agriculturists of his section. While no aspirant for 
 jiublic place, he took an active interest in events 
 transpiring around him, and used his influence for 
 the gooil of the conuuunity in which he dwelt, and for 
 the welfare of society in general. He was possessed 
 of great firmness of character, exercised an independ- 
 ent judgment in most matters, and was one whose 
 integrity and lionesty was never questioned. He was 
 a regular attendant upon the ministrations of the As- 
 sociate Reformed Church of Little Britain, of which 
 he was a member and trustee, and tf> which he con- 
 tributed liberally. He acted as executor and admin- 
 istrator of a number of estates, and frequently as the 
 advisor and counselor of his friends. He was an ex- 
 cellent business man, and carried on his various trans- 
 actions in a methodical and exact manner. He died 
 on June 1.3, 187.5, and his wife on April 12, 1869. His 
 
 Hugh McGill (2d), eldest son of the above-men- 
 tioned Hugh, was born in the town of New Windsor 
 in 1786. He grew to manhood in that town, and 
 married Margaret, daughter of Richard Lusk. He 
 began thi' life of a farmer first by renting, but subse- 
 quently bought the farm where his son, Sanuiel S. 
 McGill, lives, in New Windsor, which became the 
 family homestead. He died in 1833. His three sons 
 were James B., a practicing physician, who died at 
 Columbus, Ohio, in 18.51 ; Samuel S., and William 
 L. McGill. 
 
244 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 The latter was burn in the town of New Windsor, 
 on July 7, 1818, and grew up on his father's farm, at- 
 tending the district school during the winter seasons. 
 After the demise of his lather he farmed the home- 
 stead, in company with his brother, until Aug. 12, 
 1844, when he married Elizabeth, daughter of James 
 and Elsie Kernochan. Soon after he purchased 100 
 acres of his present farm of the estate of Jabez At- 
 wood. Subsequent additions make the area of the 
 farm 225 acres in 1881. 
 
 Mr. McGill has been one of the most active and 
 enterprising of the farmers of New Windsor for many 
 years. While no office-seeker, he has always been a 
 stanch supporter of Democratic principles, and taken 
 an active interest in the local politics of his town. He 
 has been a commissioner of highways for more than 
 thirty years, a justice of tlie peace, and excise com- 
 missioner for a number of years. As a farmer he has 
 been successful and painstaking, and by thrift and 
 economy has been enabled to accumulate a good 
 estate. Until quite recently he has made a specialty 
 of the making of butter. He attends the Unitarian 
 Church of Newburgh, and contributes liberally of 
 his income to the encouragement of all worthy enter- 
 prises. He is a man of integrity and moral worth, 
 and enjoys the confidence and respect of a large 
 circle of friends. The children of Mr. McGill, Wil- 
 liam .1. and Mary E. McGill, reside at home. 
 
 JOHN S. BULL. 
 
 The Bull family is one of the oldest in the county 
 of Orange. Isaac Bull was born Feb. 15, 1772, passed 
 his life as a farmer in the town of Monroe, and died 
 Oct. 16, 1846. He was the fatlier of the subject of 
 this memoir, and was twice married, first to Hannah 
 Mapes, who died March 16, 1812, in her thirty-sixth 
 year, and secondly to Rachel Marvin, who died with- 
 out issue Jan. 27, 1829, aged fifty-five years. The 
 children of Isaac and Hannah (Mapes) Bull were 
 eight in number, namely: Maria, born March 6, 17S)5, 
 died June 21, 1818; Franklin, born March 11, 1797, 
 died April 15, 1855; Sarah, born Nov. 30, 1798, mar- 
 ried Francis Bowman ; David, born Oct. 11, 1800, 
 died December, 1880 ; Hiram W., born Feb. 7, 1802, 
 died July 2G, 1863 ; Daniel, born Aug. 23, 1805, died 
 Sept. 14, 1813 ; Elizabeth, born Feb. 25, 1808, mar- 
 ried Francis Bowman, died Aug. 12, 1873; John 
 Springstead, born Nov. 26, 1809, died Nov. 17, 1876 ; 
 and an infant, who died unnamed. 
 
 John S. Bull was born at Satterly, in the town of 
 Monroe, on the date given above. He received a 
 common-school education, and about the age of four- 
 teen began the duties of life by clerking in the store 
 of Barney Horton, at Hamptonburgli. After two 
 years he returned to his liome for a brief season, and 
 then entered the employ of his brother-in-law, David 
 H. Moffatt, who was engaged in the mercantile busi- 
 ness at Washingtonville. He remained with Mr. 
 
 Moffatt until 1832, when lie purcliascd tlie business 
 and engaged in trade on his own account for a num- 
 ber of years longer. About the year 1840 he bought 
 the old Clinton farm, in the town of New Windsor, 
 of Walter Halsey, and entered upon the life of a far- 
 mer, where he continued to reside until his death in 
 1876. In 1855 he began the erection of the substan- 
 tial stone residence in which his family live, and 
 moved into it three years later. 
 
 '^cU/^ 
 
 The long mercantile career that Mr. Bull enjoyed 
 previous to his turning his attention to agricultural 
 pursuits well fitted him for success in any department 
 of business life. As a farmer he was cii'cumspect in his 
 affairs, cultivating his land witli good judgment, and 
 utilizing the productive qualities of his farm to tlie 
 fullest extent. He made a specialty of dairying for 
 many years, and the excellent quality of his butter gave 
 it a ready sale in the markets of the country. He was 
 a careful business man, and his services were often in 
 demand among his neighbors and friends who were 
 in need of counsel, advice, and assistance. He was 
 of a self-reliant nature, independent in judgment and 
 action, and took a leading place among the progres- 
 sive, intelligent farmers of his section. He partici- 
 pated somewhat in local politics, but was averse to 
 the holding of public office. His integrity of purpose 
 and deed was never called into question, and he sus- 
 tained the reputation of an upright and honorable 
 man. He was a member of the Blooming-Grove 
 Congregational Church. 
 
 Mr. Bull was twice married. His first wife was 
 
II (f1^ Miu^ errors \^ cMi^ 
 
 The several branches of the Cromwell family in America 
 claim descent from the same parent stock as that of the Pro- 
 tector, Oliver Cromwell. It is prcsumci.1 that the ancestor of 
 the American line was Col. John Cromwell, third son of Rich- 
 ard Cromwell, and a brother of the Protector. 
 
 John Cromwell, son of Col. John, emigrated from Holland to 
 New Netherlands. lie resided in 1680 at Long Neck. West- 
 chester Co., afterwards known as Cromwell's Neck. lie mar- 
 ried, and left two sons, John- and James. The latter was born 
 in 1696, and died in 1780. He married Esther Godfrey, and 
 had children, ^John,'' James, and "William. 
 
 John Cromwell,^ of Harrison, Westchester Co., was born Dec. 
 5, 1727, and married Anna Hopkins, of Long Island, who was 
 born Jan. 12, 1730. He was an active patriot during the Revo- 
 lution, and endured many hardships in the cause of liberty. 
 He died in 1805. His children were James, Daniel, John, 
 Joseph, William, Naomi (who married Rev. Mr. Ilalsted), Es- 
 ther (who married John Griffin, Jr., of North Castle), and 
 Hannah {who married Wm. Field, of Cortlandt Manor). 
 
 James, eldest son of John Cromwell,^ and father of the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, was born Nov. 6, 1752. He married. 
 May 15, 1782, Charlotte, daughter of Aaron Hunt, of Green- 
 wich, Conn. She was born Nov. 18, 1762, and died in January, 
 1S30. In early manhood James Cromwell worked Gen. Morris' 
 farm at Morrisania. Subsequently he kept a grocery store in 
 New York City for a short time, and then located at SuETerns, 
 Rockland Co., where he worked at the trade of a bhieksmith 
 and at farming for several years. He finally purchased a farm 
 in the town of IMonroe, Orange Co. (then known as Southfield), 
 where he passed the remainder of his days. He was an indus- 
 trious and successful farmer, quiet, and unostentatious in man- 
 ner, a member of the Society of Friends, and a man of integrity 
 and moral principles. He died Dec. 23, 1828. His children 
 were Hannah, who married David Griffin, of Westchester 
 County; Rebecca, who married George Fritts, of Monroe; 
 Daniel, a carpenter and builder, who lived and died in New 
 York City ; James, who farmed the family homestead in Mon- 
 roe throughout his life ; Oliver, who passed his life in Cornwall ; 
 Ann, who married John Haviland, of Westchester County; 
 
 David, who lived and died in Cornwall; Aaron; William and 
 Mary, twins, who died young; William, formerly a merchant 
 in New York, died in the old homestead; and John. 
 
 The latt(n-, the subject of this sketch, was born in the (own 
 of Monroe, July 20, 1803. He was reared upon his father's 
 farm, and received only a district school education. On Oi^t. 
 12, 1S26, he married Letitia, daughter of Abijah and Patience 
 Haviland, of White Plains, Westchester Co. After the death 
 of his father he engaged in the carting business Jn New York 
 City until the spring of 1847, when, having met with success, 
 and by thrift and economy having accumulated some means, 
 he purchased of Leonard Nicoll his present farm of one hundred 
 acres, in the town of New Windsor, where he has since con- 
 tinued to reside. He has been equally successful as a farmer, 
 and taken a place among the prosperous and intelligent agri- 
 culturists of his section. He has devoted much attention to the 
 cultivation of fruit, and for many years made a specialty of the 
 dairying business. He occupies a pleasant home near Moodna, 
 and now, in a ripe old age, is enjoying with contentment the 
 fruits of a long life of industry, of devotion to duty, and of 
 fidelity to principles of right living. 
 
 Mr. Cromwell has been a life-long member of the Society of 
 Friends at Cornwall. He has led a quiet and retired life, and 
 walked in the humble paths of existence, performing life's 
 varied duties in a faithful manner, and resting content with 
 the reflection that he was fulfilling all the purposes of Provi- 
 dence iu a manly. Christian spirit. He has not participated ac- 
 tively in public affairs, although he has regularly cast his vote 
 at elections. By a life of integrity and honorable dealing he 
 has merited the confidence and respect of many friends. 
 
 Mr. Cromwell's first wife died in 1861, leaving four children, 
 viz.: Walter, born Nov, 4, 1827, residing in California; James, 
 born March 24, 1329, living at Bedford, Westchester Co.; 
 Oliver, born July 24, 1S3I, residing in New Windsor; and 
 David, born May 25, 1838, who is the county treasurer of 
 Westchester County, at White Plains. On June 25, 1863, 
 Mr. Cromwell was united to his present wife, Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Charles and Ann (Conklin) Cox, of the town of New- 
 burgh. 
 
NEWBUKGH. 
 
 245 
 
 Melissa, daughter of James and Mary (Chandler) 
 Oro^ir, of Biihlehcm, Orange Co., to whom he was 
 iiniteil Niiv. l'2, 1832, and who died, leaving no chil- 
 (Irt'ii, on March 12, 1S33. His widow was Currence 
 ];., daughter of Samuel and Bethiah (Reeder) Mof- 
 f:itt. of Blooming-Grove, whom he married on Nov. 
 11, 1835. She was born Oct. 8, 1815. The children 
 
 are Sarah Frances ; Melissa, wife of Thomas H. 
 Moffatt, of New York City; Josephine; Stephen M., 
 living in Newburgh ; Isaac J., residing at Washing- 
 tonville; Anna B., wife of Andrew Weyant, of Orange 
 County ; Austin C, farming the homestead property; 
 and Emma L. Bull. Three daughters and a son 
 reside at home. 
 
 NEWBURGH. 
 
 I. -GENERAL. 
 The territory embraced in the town and city of 
 Newburgh was a part of the lands purchased from the 
 Indians by Governor Dongan in 1684, and subse- 
 quently conveyed by patent to Capt. John Evans in 
 1094. After the annulment of this patent in 1699, 
 the entire district was conveyed by patent in small 
 tracts, at different periods from 1703 to 1775, of which 
 small tracts ten were included in the precinct of New- 
 burgh as it was constituted in 1772, viz. : No. 
 1, German Patent, 2190 acres, issued Dec. 18, 
 1719 ; No. 2, Alexander Baird and Company, 
 6000 acres, Feb. 28, 1719 ; No. 3, Jacobus Kip 
 and Company, 7000 acres, Oct. 17, 1720; No. 
 4, Bichard Bradley and William Jamison, 
 1800 acres. May 27, 1729; No. 5, James Wal- 
 lace, 2000 acres, Jan. 25, 1732 ; No. 6, Bradley 
 children, 817 acres, March 26, 1739; No. 7, 
 Francis Harrison and Company, 5600 acres, 
 July 10, 1714; No. 8, John Spratt and Com- 
 pany, 1000 acres, April 12, 1728 ; No. 9, Mel- 
 chior Gulch, 300 acres, Oct. 8, 1719; No. 10, 
 Peter Johnson, 300 acres, Oct. 8, 1719. 
 
 SETTLEMENT OF THE GERMAN P.\TENT. 
 The. first in order of settlement were the 
 German Patent (No. 1), covering the present 
 city of Newburgh and a portion of the town 
 of Newburgh lying immediately north, in- 
 cluding Balmville, and the patents to Melchior Gulch 
 (No. 9) and Peter Johnson or Jansen (No. 10), near 
 Middlehope. These settlements were composed of ' 
 immigrants from the Palatinate of the Rhine, whose 
 prior history may be briefly stated : [ 
 
 They were fugitives from the Lower Palatinate of 
 the Rhine wlio found their way to England in the 
 early part of 1708, and who, immediately after their 
 arrival, petitioned the government to be transported 
 to some j)lantation in America. On the 28th of April 
 following the Board of Trade and Plantations re- 
 ported that the petitioners were forty-one in number, 
 -viz. : ten men, ten women, and twenty-one children; i 
 
 that "they were very necessitous and in the utmost 
 want, not having anything to subsist themselves ;" that 
 they had "been reduced to this miserable condition 
 by the ravages committed by the French in the Lower 
 Palatinate, when they lost all they had ;" that they 
 had " produced testimonials from the principal magis- 
 trates in the villages where they dwelt," which testi- 
 monials had been examined by the board and found 
 that they gave " good character" to the petitioners • 
 
 DIAGRA.^I OF PATENTS. 
 
 that, in view of the facts stated, "they be sent to set- 
 tle upon Hudson's River in the province of New York, 
 where they" might become useful to the government, 
 " particularly in the production of naval stores and 
 as a frontier against the French and their Indians ;" 
 that they be supplied with tools and agricultural im- 
 plements, and provision made for their support until 
 they could " reap the fruit of their labor," and that, 
 prior to their " departure, they be made denizens of the 
 kingdom, for their greater encouragement in the en- 
 joyment of the privileges accruing by such letters of 
 denization." 
 
 On the 10th of August, 1708, Secretary Boyle 
 
#iPPiflV*lf^ 
 
 
 ■sSiyiii^^ 
 
 246 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 247 
 
 writes : " The Queen being graciously pleased to send 
 fifty-two* German Protestants to New York, and to \ 
 settle them there at her own expense, her majesty, as 
 a further act of charity, is willing also to provide for 
 the subsistence of Joshua de Kockerthal, their min- 
 ister, and it is her pleasure that you pass a grant to 
 him of a reasonable portion of land for a glebe, not 
 exceeding five hundred acres, with liberty to sell a suit- 
 able proportion thereof for his better maintenance." 
 Letters of denization were issued to the immigrants 
 (August L'oth I, and under a guaranty of 9'/. a day per 
 head for twelve months for their support, and a grant 
 of land on which to settle, they sailed for the New 
 World, enrolled as " The above-mentioned clergyman, 
 Joshua Kockerthal, Sibylle Charlotte his wife, and 
 Christian Joshua, Benigna Sibylle, and Susanna Si- 
 bylle, their children ; also Lourentz Schwisser, hus- 
 bandman, Anna Catharine his wife, and Johanues 
 their son ; Heinrich Rennau, stocking-maker and 
 husbandman, Johanna his wife, Lourentz and Hein- 
 rich, their sons, and Susanna and Maria Johanna 
 Liboschain, sisters-in-law ; Andries Volck, husband- 
 man, Anna Catharine his wife, Heironemus, Maria 
 Barbara, and Anna Gertrude, their children ; Michael 
 Weigaud, husbandman, Anna Catharine his wife, 
 Tobias, George, and Anna Maria, their children ; Ja- 
 cob Webber, husbandman, Anna Elizabeth his wife, 
 and Eve Maria and Eve Elizabeth, their children, 
 Johannes Jacob Plettel, husbandman, Anna Elizabeth 
 his wife, and Margaret, Anna Sarah, and Catharine, 
 their children ; Johannes Fischer, smith and husband- 
 man, Maria Barbara his wite, and Andries his son ; 
 Melchior Gulch, carpenter and joiner, Anna Catharine 
 his wife, and Heinrich and Margaret, their children ; 
 Isaac Turck, husbandman ; Peter Rose, cloth-weaver, 
 and Johanna his wife, Mary Wiernarm, husband- 
 woman, his mother-in-law, and Catharine her child; 
 Isaac Feber, husbandman, Catharine his wife, and 
 Abram their son ; Daniel Fiere, husbandman, Anna 
 his wife, and Andrew and Johannes, their sons ; and 
 Herman Schunemau, clerk." 
 
 Reaching New York in the winter, they were trans- 
 ferred from ihence to the district then known as 
 " Quassaick Creek and Thanskamir."t Of their pri- 
 vate history we know nothing beyond the fact shown 
 before the Commissioners ot Trade, that they were 
 men of good character, and the general fact that they 
 had been stripped of their possessions by religious 
 persecution ; that they were followers of the doctrines 
 of Luther and members of the Lutheran Church, and 
 
 * Original number increased I y subsequent arrivals. 
 
 + The precise date of their settlement is not known, but it is shown by 
 a petition of William Chambers, of date Jlay 9, 170'J, for lands immedi- 
 ately south of Quassaick Creek, that tiiey were here at tliat time, the 
 tract which he wished to obtain being described as lnuiuded north " by 
 the widow Plettel and Quassaick Creek." The Widow I'li^ttel's friends 
 bad evidently erected a cabiu for lier on lands adjoining the creek on 
 the north. She afterwards married fieorge Lockstead, ami the lot on 
 which she had first located was granted to her second husband, herself, 
 and her cliildren. 
 
 were knit together by common memories and a faith 
 that had proved sufficient to sustain them amid the 
 most severe trials and sacrifices. Unlike the pioneers 
 in other localities, they brought nothing with them, 
 and left behind no friends able to assist them. A 
 scanty public stipend, too frequently withheld, was all 
 that sustained the strong arms and willing hearts 
 before which the dense forest yielded its sway, their 
 humble cabins dotted the hillside, and a sanctuary in 
 which to worship God arose. 
 
 Through the petitions which they sent in to the 
 Council of New York, and through the records of 
 their church which have been preserved, we are 
 enabled, to some extent, to trace the progress of their 
 settlement. On the 20th of May, 1709, they write 
 that since the death of Lord Lovelace the provision 
 for their support had not been complied with ; that 
 they were in great want of the same, and without it 
 would not be able to perfect their settlement on the 
 lands assigned them, and that nineteen of their num- 
 ber had changed their religion and turned Pietists, 
 and withdrawn themselves from the Lutheran com- 
 munion. The Council immediately granted them the 
 supplies asked for; and at the same time appointed a 
 committee to examine into the difficulties in their 
 church. The latter were satisfactorily arranged ; and 
 at the request of the Council, Col. Thomas Wenham 
 engaged to provide them " a needful and necessary 
 support until the expiration of twelve months." 
 
 Soon after this (June 29th) their minister, Joshua 
 Kocherthal, asked to be transported to London, in 
 order to more speedily and satisfactorily arrange what 
 had been done in favor of the company ; but his re- 
 quest does not appear to have been granted. In Oc- 
 tober following, John Conrad Codweis, in behalf of 
 the company, represented in a petition that a large 
 portion of the allowance granted for its support re- 
 mained due, and that unless it should be provided 
 they must perish during the winter. Thereupon the 
 Council (October 10th) ordered the advance of sup- 
 plies, the company giving " their personal security 
 for the repayment thereof in case it be not paid in 
 England in a year." In other words, the colonial au- 
 thorities were not disposed to assume the expenditure, 
 trifling though it was, of " 9(/. a day per head" in- 
 volved in the agreement which had been made by the 
 home government with the immigrants for their sup- 
 port without definite instructions from the Commis- 
 sioners of Trade and Plantations. The authority 
 required was soon transmitted to the Council, and the 
 I payment made, including a special allowance to Joshua 
 Kockerthal of £20 a year. In the spring of 1710 
 tools and building materials were distributed to them ; 
 also smith tools ; iron and steel for horse-shoes, nails, 
 and mending tools ; medicines, books and paper, agri- 
 cultural implements, and horses, cows, and pigs.J 
 
 J " JobIiiiii Kockerthal— 1 barrel of Lime, 3 Gouches, '2 formers, 1 Grind- 
 ingstone, 1 square, 1 lule, 1 compass, and several pieces more. Hermanus 
 
24S 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 The patent which had been promised to the immi- 
 grants for the traet on wliicli they had Iseen located 
 \ras not immediately grunted. On their petition in 
 1713, Governor Hunter issued to Augustus Graham, 
 surveyor-general of the province, a warrant directing 
 him to "survey and layout for the Germans at Quas- 
 saick Creek, in the county of Ulster, such quantity of 
 land as is by them petitioned for and approved of in 
 council," and further requiring that he should "sur- 
 vey for each of them his quantity distinctly." A .sur- 
 vey was made under this order, on the 13th of April, 
 1714, but was not satisfactory, the immigrants repre- 
 senting in petition that, the land being "all ujiland," 
 they were not able to obtain subsistence for them- 
 selves and families " for want of some meadow land 
 for fodder for their cattle in winter." So the matter 
 st<Jod until 1718, when Kockerthal, in behalf of him- 
 self and associates, recited in petition that the survey 
 had been made, the lands being described as "a tract 
 on the west side of Hudson's River, in the county of 
 Ulster, beginning on the north side of Quassaick 
 Creek, and extending northerly up the Hudson River 
 on a straight line 2VJ chains, and into the woods on 
 that side 100 chains, containing 2190 acres;" which 
 said tract had been " divided into nine lots, the which 
 are numbered from 1 to 9, each lot containing a suit- 
 able quantity for each family to which they are appro- 
 priated, there being allowed for each head .50 acres, 
 and .500 acres for a Glebe." Some changes were asked 
 by the grantees. He desired that the farm assigned to 
 him be added to the north side of the Glebe, and the 
 same quantity given to him on the south side. This 
 was granted; but the application to omit from the 
 patents conveyance to "the wives and children" of 
 tlie patentees was not conceded. 
 
 Before the final allotment came some changes also 
 occurred in the original company. Johannes Jacob 
 Plettel died on his passage to America or soon after 
 bis arrival, and his widow had married George Lock- 
 stead; Joshua Kockerthal had also died; Peter Rose 
 had removed to Pennsylvania and transferred his in- 
 
 terest to " one Burger Meynders, a blacksmith," for 
 some years previously a resident of Kingston; Lou- 
 rentz Schwisser, Isaac Turck, Isaac Feber, Heinrich 
 Rennau, and Daniel Fiere had removed elsewhere 
 and Christian Henricke and Peter Johnson had been 
 added to the company. These changes were recog- 
 nized by the government, and the patent was issued 
 
 tiEH.MAX I'.iTJiXT. 
 E, Western Aveuue; G. Glebe Laiui ; K, King's Highway. 
 
 Scliun<-n.an-2 Handsaws, 1 great saw, 3 Gouclies, 2 .\gore, and several 
 pieces more. John Fischer-1 Tenant Saw, 1 Gimlet, 1 Hammer, 1 sn.all 
 file, 1 hatchet, 1 Joj-nter, besides several jiieccs more. Michael Weigand— 
 1 great file, 1 smaller ditt.., 1 mortising chisel, 1 Jojnter, 1 A.'or besides 
 several pieces more. Andries Volck-1 Cross Cut Saw, 1 smoothing plain, 
 1 wiping saw, another sett of Couches, besides several pieces more. The 
 widow Plettel-1 wiping saw, 1 great hammer, 1 gimlet, 1 Tenant saw 
 besides several pieces more. Peter Kose-1 Glupott, i Whimplingpelts, 
 
 1 hatchet, 1 little hammer, 2 Agors, 1 Joyntor, besides several pieces 
 more. Jacob Wcber_l bo.t with white lead, Knife and Compass, 1 addz 
 
 2 Couches, 1 mortising chisel, besides several pieces more. Isaac Tnrck 
 -1 Gluputt, 1 box with white lead, Knife and Compass, 1 saw-file, 3 
 Couches, 1 fore plain, besides several pieces more. Lorenz Schwisser-1 
 grinding stone, 1 square, 1 little gimlet, 2 Agors, 1 smoothing plain be- 
 sides several pieces more. Henry Eennau-1 Cross Cut Saw 1 Miter- 
 block, 1 addz, 2 Agors, 1 Gimlet, besides several pieces more. The 
 Widow Wiernarin— Anotlier sort of Smoothing plain, 1 little file 1 
 hatchet, besides several pieces more. Isaac Feber-l Broad axe 1 little 
 hatchet, I smoothing file, 1 rule, 1 former, besides several piece's more 
 Daniel Fieie-l Broad axe, 1 square, 1 Miter block, 1 Tenant saw, 1 
 Joynter, besides several pieces more. Melchior Gulch-Three lull setts 
 of Joyner-Tools." 
 
 Dec. IS, 1719: " Lot No. 1, to George Lockstead and 
 Anna Elizabeth his wife, Margaret, Anna Sarah, 
 and Catharine, their children, 250 acres; No. 2, to 
 Michael Weigand and Anna Catharine his wife, To- 
 bias, George, and Anna Maria, their children,' 250 
 acres; No. 3, to Herman Schunemann and Elizabeth 
 his wife, 100 acres; No. 4, to Christian Henricke 100 
 acres ; No. 5, to Sibylle Charlotte Kockerthal,' the 
 widow of Jo.shua Kockerthal, and to Christian Joshua, 
 Benigna Sibylle, and Susanna Sibylle, their children,' 
 2.50 acres ; No. 6, to Burger Meynders, 100 acres ; No! 
 7, to Jacob Webber and Anna Elizabeth his wife. Eve 
 Maria, and Eve Elizabeth, their children, 200 acres; 
 No. 8, to Johannes Fischer and Maria Barbara his 
 wife, 100 acres; No. 9, to Andries Volck and Anna 
 Catharine his wife, George, Hieronemus, Maria Bar- 
 bara, and Anna Gertrude, their children, ,300 acres." 
 To Melchior Gulch and Peter Johnson liad previously 
 been issued (Oct. 8, 1719) patents for 300 acres each, 
 lying north of the principal tract. Forty acres were 
 reserved for highway.-,* and 500 acres for a Glebe; 
 and the whole tract was to be known and called " The 
 Palatine Parish by Quassaick." The Glebe lot was 
 assigned to Andries Volck and Jacob Webber, and 
 
 * The roads included in the forty acres reserved for that purpose are 
 presumed to have been what is now known as Western Avenue and Lib- 
 erty Street, Western Avenue formed the northern boundary of lot No 
 3, and the southern boundary of lot No. 4, and extended two chains in 
 whith from the river to the west bounds of the patent. Liberty Street 
 originally the "King's Highway," was opened prior to the issue of the 
 patent; Western Avenue was not opene.l until nearly a century later 
 The settlers made other roads One ran from the river, from a point in 
 the vicinity of Second Street, up the hill in a southwesterly direction 
 along the bed of what is now part of Golden Street, to the corner of 
 Tirst; thence to the corner of Grand and Western Avenues, and from 
 thence toward Quassaick Creek, leaving the Cold Spring on the right It 
 was fli'st called the •• Wallkill Koad," and subsequently " Wagon Street " 
 It W.U, the principal road to the river. The first dwellings were on the 
 line of Liberty Street. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 249 
 
 their successors, for the use and behoof of the Lutheran 
 minister and his successors forever,* for which pur- 
 pose it was to be leased at a certain quit-rent, in whole 
 or in parcels, for terms not longer than seven years, 
 and was subject to the annual payment to the pro- 
 vincial authorities of " one peppercorn," if the same 
 should lie legally demanded.f 
 
 From the church books of the Lutheran congrega- 
 tion of New York, it appears that the successor of 
 Joshua Kockerthal was Justus Falconier, who, it is 
 said, was baptized "in the house of one of the trus- 
 tees, the 19th April, 1710," and continued to serve the 
 peojile at Quassaick " every year (i.e., by an annual 
 visit) without any profit of the Glebe. He is deceased, 
 1723." 
 
 In the year 1725, William Christoffer Berkenmeyer 
 arrived at New York, and entered upon the duties of 
 pastor of the Lutlieran Church there, and also filled 
 the appointment of Falconier at Quassaick. Mean- 
 while the two trustees of the Glebe, Andries Volck 
 and Jacob Webber, had sold out their lands and re- 
 moved to Pennsylvania, and their places had been 
 supplied by Zacharias Hofman and Tobias Weigand, 
 son of Michael Weigand, who, in 1727, entered into a 
 written contract with the Consistory of the Lutheran 
 congregation of New York, by the terms of which tlie 
 congregation at Quassaick were received into the com- 
 munion of the former body, they consenting " that the 
 Lutheran minister of New York, at his going to and 
 from Albany," should visit Quassaick parish twice in 
 each year, for which service he should receive the 
 yearly rents and profits of the Glebe. The contract 
 continues as follows: " As we (the trustees named) do 
 herewith call, constitute, and appoint Mr. William 
 Christoffer Berkenmeyer, Lutheran minister at New 
 York, for our lawful teacher of the parish of Quassa- 
 ick, to minister to us twice a year, as well in preach- 
 ing the holy scriptures, and the symbolical books of 
 our Lutheran Church, as in administering the holy 
 sacraments of Christ's institution, promising to pay 
 him the income, etc., and acknowledging him as our 
 teacher, as also whenever he lands upon our shore to 
 receive him and brine him back on board the vessel. 
 
 * "To have aud to bold tJie said Glebe of 5U0 acres of the same tract 
 of land and premises unto the aforesaid Andries Volck and JuluIj Web- 
 ber as first trustees, during their natural lives and their successors for- 
 ever. But to and for the sole and only proper use, benefit, and behoof 
 of a I.uthenin nuoister to serve aud have the care of the inhabitants of 
 the same 2100 acres of laud, and their successors forever." 
 
 t All patents were conditioned upon the annual payment of a quit- 
 rent. This payment was sometimes due in money, and often in wheat 
 or other commodity. " Twenty shillings and one fat buck per annum" 
 was the rent of the Evans Patent. The rent of one peppercorn implied a 
 free grant. The rents of the larger patents produced an annual revenue 
 to the government of considerable amount. After the Revolution the 
 rente became due to the State. In 178G it was provided that lands sub- 
 ject to these rents might be released on the payment of arrears, and 
 fourteen shillings to every shilling of the annual dues. Many titles in 
 fee were obtained under this commutation; there were also many for- 
 feitures and sales. The last sale took place in March, 1S26, and all the 
 old rents finally extinguished. The ai rears for quit-rents, then amount- 
 ing to j^3,3SU, were iu ISl'J taken fiom the general fund and given in 
 equal proportions to the bterature and school funds. 
 
 17 
 
 Moreover, since hitherto we can make no use of the 
 bell given to our parish, we therefore give the said 
 bell, by oral permission of his excellency Governor 
 Burnet, to the Lutheran Church of New York. How- 
 ever, on this condition, if it should happen that we 
 should be able to build a church of our own at 
 any time thereafter, then the Lutheran Church of 
 New York shall restore to us the same bell, such as 
 it now is, or another of equal weight and value. 
 Signed, sealed, etc., March 30, 1727." Mr. Berken- 
 myer served until 1731, receiving thirty cheeples of 
 wheat.]: 
 
 In the year 1733, Michael Christian Knoll was ap- 
 pointed minister at " Quassaick Creek, Weapon's 
 (Wappinger's) Creek, and Hackensaek." He served 
 in the parish of Quassaick three times each year, re- 
 ceiving thirty cheeples of wheat each year. It was 
 during his administration that the Palatines erected 
 the building remembered by many of the former gen- 
 eration as the Glebe school-house, which stood in the 
 burying-ground on Liberty Street. This was their 
 church. The precise date of its erection cannot now 
 be ascertained. It was a building of perhaps twenty 
 feet square, with a roof running up from the four 
 sides. In the centre of tlie roof a little cupola was 
 erected in which hung the bell which had been loaned 
 to the Lutherans of New York, the prior gift of 
 Queen Anne. The building was without floor or 
 chimney, an aperture in the roof, under the cupola, 
 serving the latter purpose. In this building the 
 people worshiped. In their poverty it was their 
 palace, and not less acceptable to the Great Ruler 
 than the costly edifices and gilded spires which men 
 now dedicate to His service. 
 
 While these events were transpiring, a considerable 
 change occurred in the population of the settlement. 
 The Palatines were mainly farmers, and in the places 
 of their nativity had occupied lands of the richest and 
 finest soil, and such they sought to obtain in the New- 
 World. The sterile hills of Quassaick off'ered them 
 no such attraction, while those of their number who 
 had found their way to Pennsylvania had realized 
 their expectations, and pressed their former neigh- 
 bors to remove thither. Under these influences tlie 
 majority of them sold their farms. The first sale was 
 by George Lockstead and Michael Weigand, of the 
 whole of lot No. 1, and half of lot No. 2, to Nathan 
 Smith, ^ from whom the western part of both lots was 
 purchased by William Brown as attorney for Governor 
 
 t The agreement quoted appears to have been the result of a misun- 
 derstanding between Mr. Berkenmeyer aud the Palatines, in 1726, con- 
 cerning the produce of the Glebe lands, to which he considered himself 
 entitled for his services, and which for some cause was withheld. Berk- 
 enmeyer first laid his complaint before the Governor, expecting him to 
 interfere in bis behalf. The Goverttor, however, declined to act in the 
 matter, and wrote him a letter pointing out his mode of relief, saying 
 that the courts of law were open to him where such ca-es were disposed 
 of. The difficulty was settled by this contract. 
 
 'i Katlian Smith was a blacksmith by trade. He removed from Kings- 
 ton and settled on the patent to William Chambers (New Windsor), from 
 I whence he came to the parish of Quassaick. 
 
250 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 William Burnet,* and sold by him to Alexander Col- 
 den, who subsequently sold to Jonathan Hasbrouck.t 
 The eastern part of lot No. 2 was sold by Michael Wei- 
 gand to William Brown, for Governor Burnet, and 
 to Burger Meynders. The former sold the southern 
 half of the lot to Alexander Golden, by whom it 
 was conveyed (1753) to Jonathan Hasbrouck. Meyn- 
 ders occupied the northeastern part of the lot until 
 1753, when he also sold to Hasbrouck, who thus became 
 the owner of the largest portion of lots No. 1 and No. 
 2. Lot No. 3 was sold by Herman Schuneman to 
 James Alexander.^ from whom it was purchased by 
 Alexander Golden and Burger Meynders,^ except two 
 acres at the northeast corner reserved by Alexander. 
 Meynders subsequently sold to Jonathan Hasbrouck, 
 and Golden cut up a portion of his share into small 
 parcels. Lot No. 4 was sold by Ghristian Henricke 
 to William Brown, for Governor Burnet, from whom 
 it was purchased by Cadwallader Golden for himself, 
 Jacobus Bruyn, James Alexander, Phineas Mcintosh, 
 Daniel Denton, Michael Dunning, and Henry Wile- 
 man, by whom it was divided (1730-31 ) into lots, and 
 was subsequently known as " The Old Town of New- 
 burgh Plot." II Lot No. 5, granted to the widow of 
 Joshua Kockerthal, was sold by her children (1741) 
 to James Smith, who sold one acre in the southeast 
 corner to Alexander Golden ; the remainder descended 
 to Benjamin Smith. Lot No. 6, the first one north of 
 the Glebe, was sold by Burger Meynders to Burras 
 Holmes. Lot No. 7 was sold by Jacob Webber to 
 Zacharias Hofman, August 5, 1724. Lots Nos. 8 and 
 9 were sold by Johannes Fischer and Andries Volck 
 to Zacharias Hofman, Feb. 20, 1722.11 Hofman held 
 the lots until his death, when they were sold by his 
 heirs. These changes brought the Glebe lands into 
 occupation to some extent by the families of the orig- 
 inal settlers or their descendants who had not re- 
 moved from the place, and by strangers who had 
 rented them ; they also brought to the Golden plots a 
 number of immigrants. 
 
 To the original settlers the new-comers were known 
 as " the Dutch and English new inhabitants," terms 
 
 * " His Excellency Gov. William Burnet" is the language of the deed. 
 Governor Burnet was a eon of the distinguished Bislio|» Burnet. He 
 was Governor of the province for a few years prior to 1728. 
 
 t The eastern part of lot No. 1 descended f;om Nathan Smith to Henry 
 aTid Thwnias, his sons, and way suhseiiuently purchased hy James Ren- 
 wick. 
 
 J James Alexander was the father of William Alexander, who served 
 as an officer in the war of the Revulutiou, and who is familiarly known 
 in liiatory as Lord Stirling. He attained considerable distinction 
 in the colony, and was largely interested in lands, not only in wliat is 
 now Orange County, but in otlier parts of the State. 
 
 g Sou of tlie original patentee. 
 
 II The leader will not coyfound this title with that of "Old Town," 
 by wliich the Glebe lands have been known in more modern times. 
 Christian Henricke's land (lot No. 4) was that section of the present 
 city of Newburgh lyiug between Fii-st Street and Western Avenue. 
 It will be referred to hereafter as being the tirst to bear the name of 
 Newburgii. 
 
 'J Tlie deeds from Webher and Volck are recorded in the Ulster 
 County records. W'L-bber S(dd for £110, and Volck and Fischer for £130, 
 " to be divided between them." 
 
 which may be understood to mean " members of the 
 English and Reformed Dutch Ghurches." Their ac- 
 quisition was most favorable to the growth of the 
 place. The association of which Governor Golden 
 ' was the representative was influential, and the fact 
 that they had established a township plot on the tract 
 was soon noised abroad. Daniel Denton, so well 
 known in Long Island history, apparently took con- 
 siderable interest in the matter, and sent to the jdace 
 his son James and his neighbor Richard Albertson. 
 Duncan Alexander, the son of .Tames Alexander, was 
 also added to the list of inhiibitants; while conspicu- 
 ' ous in his eflbrts to induce settlements on the tract 
 1 was Alexander Golden, who, in furtherance of the 
 interest which he held, obtained (1743) the charter 
 for the present Newburgh ferry, and at about the same 
 time erected a grist-mill on the Quassaick. From a 
 German settlement the place had passed, in 1743, 
 almost wholly under the control of the Scotch-Eng- 
 lish, and had been inchoately christened with the 
 Scotch name of Newburgh. Such possibilities as 
 they saw in the " uplands" on which the Palatines had 
 almost starved, to the latter were not vouchsafed, or 
 if they were they were without the means to secure. 
 
 The increase in population brought with it also a 
 change in the civil organization of the district. 
 When they were first established on the patent the 
 Palatines were not given local officers ; justices and 
 constables do not appear to have been known to them; 
 the commission of crime is not recorded against them ; 
 their church was their government. Yet civil author- 
 ity was made accessible to them, and the hand of the 
 government extended to them in the collection of 
 I taxes, as part of the specifically undefined territory 
 of the precinct of the Highlands, which was created 
 for that purpose by an order of the court of sessions 
 I of Ulster Gounty, Sept. 5, 1710. More definite boun- 
 daries and a more limited territory were given to the 
 precinct in 1743, at which time " the parish by Quas- 
 saick" had become a comparatively important portion 
 of its composition. 
 
 But to the church of the Palatines the influx of 
 population was disastrous ; under its touch this last 
 link of their association was dissolved. Resuming 
 the record, we find that Zacharias Hofman, one of the 
 trustees of the Glebe, died in 1744, and that on the 23d 
 of June, in the same year, Burger Meynders, Jr., was 
 elected as his successor and " Tobias Weigand anew 
 confirmed, which was done in the church there: none 
 of the English and Dutch new inhabitants appearing, 
 although they were knowing to our election." Three 
 years later, on the 22d of July, pursuant to the terms 
 of the patent, a meeting of all the inhabitants of the 
 parish was held, and the new inhabitants, who were 
 there in force, elected " Mr. Alexander Golden and 
 Mr. Richard Albertson for their trustees," who took 
 immediate steps to open the church to a minister of 
 the Ghurch of England, one of whom, the Rev. Heze- 
 kiah Watkins, was then stationed in the district. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 251 
 
 The record continues: " Our (the Lutheran) minis- 
 ter coming there, did preach the 12th of July, without 
 spealcing to the new trustees. Sunday, the IS'th, the 
 church was full of people, taken out of the country 
 from both sides of the river. Some justices of the 
 peace, and some with swords and sticks, were there in 
 the church, in the ])resence of the English minister, 
 Mr. Watkings, who was come there the first time 
 the same Sunday. Our minister, after oral and pub- 
 lic protest at the door of the church, went into a 
 private house upon the Glebe to do divine worship 
 for the Lutherans.* In the year 1748, the 3d July, 
 our minister preached in the church, to which Mr. 
 Albertson did consent, because the English minister 
 was not to come there tliat Sunday ; but Mr. Col- 
 den did prohibit the church. The 2d October our 
 minister was preaching in the church without speak- 
 ing with the new trustees." 1 
 
 This appears to have been the last visit made by 
 " our minister," Mr. Michael Christian Knoll. In be- 
 half of himself and others, he presented to Governor 
 Clinton a petition, dated May 12, 1749, setting forth 
 the facts of the case substantially as here given, stating 
 further " that the Lutheran inhabitants living on the 
 said granted lands, being now reduced to a small num- 
 ber, the present inhabitants have taken occasion to de- 
 prive your petitioners of the said church and Glebe, 
 and have lately hindered your petitioner, Michael 
 Christian Knoll, from performing service in it, and 
 forbade the tenants to pay the rents to your said peti- 
 tioner, pretending that the said Glebe and church have 
 reverted to the crown for want of Lutheran inhabitants 
 to enjoy them, notwithstanding your petitioners do aver 
 that within a convenient distance from the said lands 
 as great a number of Lutheran families are living as 
 are sufficient to make a congregation for divine service 
 at those times when your petitioner, Michael Chris- 
 tian Knoll, by his agreement is called to preach at 
 that place. Your petitioners therefore most humbly 
 pray your excellency to grant to your petitioners, the 
 minister and consistory of the Protestant Lutheran 
 Church of New York, letters patent to confirm the 
 said church and five hundred acres of land for the 
 use of a Lutheran minister, for the benefit of the said 
 Lutherans in that neighborhood." Another petition 
 on the same subject was submitted to the Governor, 
 by the same parties, on the 5th of October, 1749, in 
 which it is positively asserted that " there live as ten- 
 <intn upon the Glebe and thereabout, on both sides of 
 the river, more than thirty families" of the Lutheran 
 
 * Tlie tradition connected with this affair is that the Lutherans at- 
 tempted a forcible ejectment of the new inliabitants, bnt failed. In tlie 
 inehe tiie door of the cliurcli was forced from its liinges and one bulky 
 Lutlieran buried lieueatli it as it fell. He escajted with a few bruises, and 
 the assailants retreated with most woeful countenances. 
 
 There is another tradition, that the bell previously noticed was taken 
 from its place secretly at night and hidden in the swamp on the lands 
 lately owned by William P. C. Smith, deceased ; in which place it re- 
 mained for thirty or forty years, when it was accidentally discovered 
 and returned to its proper place. The bell was subsequently placed in 
 tlie cupola of the academy, where it remained until 1831 or 1832. 
 
 confession. This paper and the documents accom- 
 panying it were read before the Council, October 29th, 
 and the memorandum in reference to their disposition 
 is: "Read, and Council of opinion that nothing can 
 be done in this petition." In other words, the terms 
 of the charter having been complied with in the elec- 
 tion of tru.stees, the Council refused to set the result 
 aside. 
 
 The decision of the Council practically terminated 
 "The Palatine Parish by Quassaick," the original 
 members of which had long previously removed from 
 it, or had been laid away in its quiet churchyard. 
 As a people, they were earnest, good men and women. 
 Wherever they or their neighbors of subsequent im- 
 migrations are met, their record compares favorably 
 with that of the immigrants from any other country. 
 No citizens of more substantial worth are found 
 under the flag of this their native land than their 
 descendants ; no braver men were in the armies of 
 the Revolution than Herkimer and Muhlenberg. 
 Had they done nothing in the jiarish but made clear- 
 ings in its forests and planted fields they would be 
 entitled to grateful remembrance ; they did more, — 
 they gave to it its first church and its fir.-it govern- 
 ment ; and in all its subsequent history their descend- 
 ants have had a part. We close their record with 
 wonder, not that they accomplished so little, but that 
 they accomplished so much. 
 
 The affairs of the Palatine or Lutheran Church and 
 of the Glebe remained in the position which has been 
 stated until 1751, when Edmund Concklin, Jr., Wil- 
 liam Ward, Jacob Wandel, James Denton, William 
 Smith, Richard Albert.son, Thomas Ward, John 
 Wandel, Caklass Leveridge, Henry Smith, William 
 Mitchell, Alexander Colden, Nathan Furman, Daniel 
 Thurston, Michael Demott, and Duncan Alexander 
 presented a petition to Governor Clinton and Council, 
 praying for letters patent conveying to themselves 
 and their successors the Glebe lands, with a view to 
 establish and maintain a minister of the Church of 
 England and a schoolmaster ; with power to divide 
 the Glebe so as to reserve 200 acres for the use of a 
 minister and schoolmaster, and cut up the remaining 
 300 acres into lots of one acre each, which lots, in- 
 stead of being leased for seven years, should be lea.3ed 
 forever, the lease-holder paying an annual rent ; and 
 also with power to "hold a fair on the said lands on 
 the second Tuesday in April and October annually." 
 Notwithstanding the earnest remonstrance of the 
 Lutherans, the Governor issued a warrant to William 
 Smith, Esq., "His Majesty's Attorney-General," di- 
 recting him to "prepare a draft of letters i)atent to 
 Alexander Colden and Richard Albertson, trustees, 
 etc., for the Glebe land of Quassaick, in the county 
 of Ulster," in accordance with the terms of the peti- 
 tion, the lands to be held by the "said Alexander 
 Colden and Richard Albertson, as first trustees, 
 during their natural lives, and to their successors for- 
 ever, for the sole use and behoof of a minister of the 
 
llISTOlir OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Church of England, as by law established, and a 
 schoolmaster, to have tlie care of souls and the in- 
 struction of the children of the neighboring inhabi- 
 tant!>." 
 
 This was followed by a legal surrender, on the part 
 of C'olden and Albertson, of the lauds held by them 
 as trustees under the first patent; and on the 26th 
 day of March, 1752, the letters patent previously 
 ordered by the Governor and Council were issued, 
 " constituting them and their successors one body 
 corporate and politic, in fact and name, by the name 
 of the J'arin/i of Neirbunih" and vesting in them 
 the lands in question in trust " for the proper use, 
 benefit, and behoof of a minister of the Church of 
 England, as by law established, to have the care of 
 souls of the aforesaid tract of 2190 acres of land, and 
 of a schoolmaster to teach and instruct the children 
 of the aforesaid inhabitants, and their successors 
 forever, and to no other use whatever." The patent 
 further granted to the trustees and their successors 
 " free and full liberty and license to hold and keep a 
 public fair upon the tract of 500 acres on the second 
 Tuesday in April and October in every year forever 
 hereafter, where, as well all the inhabitants of the 
 aforesaid tract of 2190 acres of land, as those in the 
 neighboring settlements and counties, and all other 
 persons whatsoever, may buy and sell any horses, 
 sheep and cattle, or any goods, wares, and merchan- 
 dise whatsoever, without paying any toll or other fees 
 for the same."* 
 
 The provision for the maintenance of a school- 
 master, and for an annual fair, as well as the denomi- 
 uation of the minister, were new features in the 
 patent. Another new feature was the change ef- 
 fected in the name of the settlement. Under the first 
 patent it had borne, as we have shown, the title of 
 Qua-ssaick; and by this name the place was legally 
 known until the grant of the new patent, in which 
 it was expressly directed that the settlement should 
 be called " the Parish of Newburgh." Previous to 
 the legal application of this name the place had been 
 called Newburgh by the "new inhabitants," as al- 
 ready stated, as early as 1731. t In the petition of 
 Alexander Golden, May 24, 1743, asking for letters 
 patent to establish a ferry, it is said, "at a jilace now 
 commonly called Newburgh Patent." In the peti- 
 tion of Colden, Albertson, and others, Nov. 4, 1751, 
 it is said, " at a place called Quassaick, now com- 
 monly called Newburgh Patent, in Ulster County." 
 As both of these papers were drawn by Colden, it 
 
 * Such fairs are very common in England and Gnrmany. In many of 
 tlie counties of tlie province tliey were established by special enactment 
 of the Assembly at an early period. The fairs were hold on the spot 
 above named down to the stormy times of tlie Revolntion, were resumed 
 aifter the war, and were held at different periods as late as 1SU5, at whicli 
 time they had degenerated into mere exhibitions of race-horses. The 
 last fair of which any record luis been preserved was held on Tuesday, 
 Oct. 14, 1805, when a premium of $200 was awarded "to the jockey 
 riding the best horse on the course of Beujamin Case." 
 
 t " The Old Town of Newburgh Plot." 
 
 would seem that to Colden belongs the honor of 
 having conferred the title which the town and the 
 city now bear. The name is of Saxon origin, the 
 word lieu- being the English orthography for the 
 Saxon iicon^, and hurgh is the Saxon bunj with the 
 English addition of the letter /t.J 
 
 One of the first oflicial acts of the trustees under 
 the new patent was the division of the Glebe into 
 streets and lots, the designating of portions for the 
 minister and schoolmaster, and the repair and seating 
 of the church building. Soon after, a map was pre- 
 pared showing the location of the streets and lots. 
 The streets laid out on it are confined to the Glebe, 
 with the exception of King Street, and are King, 
 now Liberty ; Second, now Grand ; Hasbrouck, now 
 Montgomery ; Water, South, Clinton, Broad, and 
 North. The streets named, however, with the ex- 
 ception of King and South Streets, were not opened 
 until a subsequent period. J The lots were occupied 
 as follows: No. 1, by the church; 2, by three build- 
 ings owned by John Morrel and Dr. Morrison ; 3, one 
 dwelling by William Ward ; 4, one dwelling by 
 Henry Bend; 5, one dwelling unoccupied; 6, one 
 dwelling by Joseph Albertson ; 7, two dwellings by 
 Martin Weigand ; 25, one dwelling by Henry Don ; 
 29, one dwelling by William Ward ; 41, one dwelling 
 by William Ward, Jr. The remaining lots were 
 without buildings and occupied as follows: No. 8, 
 John M. Young; 9 and 10, Patrick McCary; 11, 
 Thomas Waters ; 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60, Alexander 
 Brower; 13, Samuel Sands; 14, Morrel and Morri- 
 son ; 15 and 40, William AVard, Jr. ; 16 and 39, Joshua 
 Sands ; 18, 53, 63, and 65, Joseph Albertson ; 19, 31, 
 and 43, Jonas Denton ; 20, 32, and 44, Samuel Den- 
 ton ; 21, Dr. Isaac Brown; 22, Morris Fowler; 23, 
 Thomas Brown ; 26, Charles McCary ; 28 and 71, Abel 
 Belknap ; 33 and 45, Jonathan Hasbrouck ; 34, .35, 
 46, 47, 58, 59, and 70, Thomas Morrel ; 37, Robert 
 Morrison; .38, William Miller; 42, Thomas Ward; 
 50, 57, and 69, David Connor; 51, Thaddeus Smith; 
 52 and 64, Jeremiah Ward; 55 and 67, James Tidd; 
 66, Nathan Smith ; 73, Isaac Belknap ; 17, 49, 54, 56, 
 61, 62, and 68, and those west of King Street, vacant. 
 
 X It is reasonable to presume that had the name been conferred by the 
 Germans in honor of the Elector John William, of the house of New- 
 burg, it would not have been written with the final h. 
 
 g The marginal notes on this map ai'e as follows; " Lots Nos. 1 and 27 
 aie reserved for church and churcliyards, and No. 72 for a public land- 
 ing and shipyard. The owners of the lots below King Street are Capt. 
 Jonathan Hasbrouck, Nos. 3:t and 4.t ; Samuel Denton, Nos. 20, 32, and 
 44; Jonatlian Denton, Nos. :U, 4;i, and 10; John Hlorrel and Dr. Morri- 
 son, Nos. 2 atid 14; William Ward, Jr., No. 3, l:>, 64, and 70 ; Joseph Al- 
 bertson, Nus. 0, 18, 53, 63, 05, 07; Martin Weigand and others. No. 7; 
 Patrick McCary, Nos. 9 and 10; Alexander IJrower, Nos. 11, 12, 23, 24, 
 30, 48, 60; Tlioniivs Morrel, Nos. 10, 22, 34, 40, 50, 59, 35, 47, 70; Abel 
 Belknap, Nos. 71 and 20; Isaac Belknap, No. 73. N. B. — South Street, 
 Broad Street, and Nortli Street are each two chains wide, and all the rest 
 each one chain. Each lot contains one acre of land, and is three chains 
 and eighty-three links in length and two chains and si.\ty-five links in 
 breatlth." From the well-ascertained dates at which some of the lot- 
 owners became residents, it is apparent that sotne of the entries on the 
 map were made at a later period than the map itself. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 253 
 
 The records throw little additional light upon the 
 period between the transfer of the Glebe to Coldeu 
 and Albertson and the events immediately preceding 
 the Revolution. The few facts that we have gathered, 
 however, are worthy a passing notice in this history, 
 as they serve to indicate the progress of the parish. 
 It was during this period that the trustees of the 
 Glebe erected a residence for their minister, and a 
 residence and school-house* combined for their 
 schoolmaster. The former was a building about 
 thirty-five feet square, a single story and attic in 
 height, with a rude portico. It stood on the parson- 
 age lot, on the west side of what is now Liberty Street, 
 just north of Gidney Avenue. It was here that Heze- 
 kiah Watkins, the first English minister, resided. 
 The building continued to be occupied as a parsonage 
 until after the commencement of the Revolutionary 
 war, and subsequently became a tenant-house. The 
 schoolmaster's house was a building of similar con- 
 struction, and stood on the schoolmaster's lot on the 
 west side of Liberty, nearly opposite Clinton Street. It 
 had no portico, but was deeper than the parsonage- 
 house, the school-room being placed in the rear. In 
 this rudimental college Hutchins and Spierin pre- 
 sided, and gave instruction in the old-fashioned rule 
 of Daboll and birch rods ; made good scholars in 
 "reading, writing, and arithmetic," and graduated at 
 least two generations of worthy members of society. 
 
 In 17G7, John Morrel and Joseph Albertson peti- 
 tioned Governor Henry Moore for the establishment 
 of more taverns at Newburgh. In this petition it is 
 stated " that on the Glebe land there are about sev- 
 enteen dwelling-houses, which are situated at or close 
 by a very public landing-placet on Hudson's River, 
 whither many people from the back parts of the 
 country bring their produce to send it to New York, 
 having at least three boats belonging to the place 
 that constantly go from thence to New York and re- 
 turn back again with goods, which creates a very con- 
 siderable trade ;" that in order to accommodate this 
 trade it had been thought necessary, for several years 
 previous, "to permit taverns or public-houses to be 
 set up at or near the said landing," for the better "en- 
 tertainment of the country people ;" that " until about 
 two years ago" one of the petitioners had been per- 
 mitted to set up a tavern and retail liquors, and kept 
 "a very good and orderly house.".} Notwithstanding 
 these facts, " one James McClaughry, one of the com- 
 missioners for collecting the duty of excise for strong 
 liquors, etc., in the county," had refused to grant per- 
 mits to the petitioners, but had "granted a permit 
 only to one Martin Wygant,| who pays three pounds 
 
 * It has been supposed that the Glebe school was kept in the old 
 church ; but this is a niistake. The church was not used as a school- 
 house uutil after 1804. 
 
 t What was afterwards known as Powell's Dock, at the foot of Fii-et 
 Street. 
 
 X Joseph Albertson was the person here referred to. His house was on 
 Liberty Street, south of Brojid. 
 
 3 Martin Weigand's tavern stood oii the north side of IJroad Street, 
 
 for the excise, whereas all the retailers together in 
 the place when they were permitted did not [jay more 
 than two pounds." The petitioners urged the "abso- 
 lute necessity for at least three or four taverns at the 
 said landing-place, to accommodate the country 
 people, travelers, and passengers ;" and that unless so 
 many taverns were licensed, the place would "become 
 of no account and be deserted by its inhabitants." 
 The petition bears date Feb. 4, 1767, and the state- 
 ments contained in it are certified to by eighty-three 
 persons " inhabitants of the county of Ulster," whose 
 names show the change in ihe population of the set- 
 tlement. What answer was given to this petition 
 does not appear, but as the place has since become of 
 some "account," it is reasonable to suppose that the 
 prayer of the petitioners was granted, and that the 
 dire calamities predicted, in case of refusal, were thus 
 averted. It is a little amusing to note the language 
 of the inhabitants of this august village of " about 
 seventeen houses," and their reference to "people 
 from the country." ]i 
 
 We next have, under date of Nov. 17, 1769, a jicti- 
 tion to Cadwallader Golden, Lieutenant-(TOvernor, 
 and at that time acting Governor of the province, 
 asking for a charter for the Newburgh Mission. This 
 petition is signed by John Sayre, missionary ; Chas. 
 Robie, Cad. Golden, Jr., Samuel Fowler, and Joseph 
 Watkins, vestrymen ; and Robert Carscaden, Andrew 
 Graham, and Josiali Gilbert, church wardens, and re- 
 cites " that by the pious donations of several jier- 
 sons" the mission was then in the possession of sundry 
 tracts of land, " now held for the church by deeds of 
 trust only," and that from " the inconvenience arising 
 from this and sundry other matters" in which the 
 good of the church was essentially concerned, the 
 petitioners humbly prayed for a royal charter, which 
 was granted. 
 
 In 1770 (April IGth), John Sayre, missionary, Sam- 
 near Liberty. It was a mere log cabin with a frame addition. During 
 the encampment at Newburgh, Gen. Wayne had his quarters there. 
 AlfOUt 1780, Weigand removed to a more commodious buildiug on Lib- 
 erty Street, just north of the bnrying-ground, and tlie old taveru was 
 occupied by the father of Gen. John E. Wool, and was the birthplace of 
 that officer. Martin Weigand was a grandson of the original settler, 
 Michael Weigand. 
 
 II The signatures are Samuel Falls, Edward Falls, Isiiac Hodge. 
 Thomas Orr, Henry Smith, Thomas Smitli, Jacob Gillis, Samuel Fowler, 
 John Stilwell, James Demot Joel Holmes. Isaac Demot, Daniel Denton, 
 John Flewwelling, Abel Flewwelling, Josiah Cone, Daniel Durland, Silas 
 Leonard, Nathaniel Conklin. James Denton, John Alston, Buroughs 
 Holmes, Henry Terboss.John Porter, William Harding, Lemuel Couklin, 
 Hendrick Cropsey, Joseph Hallett, Jacob Haiett, John Flewwelling, 
 Mauris Flewwelling, Tunes Dalson, John Dalson, Jacob Douchtout.f.'or- 
 neles Gale, Thomas Hard, John Elsworth, Benjamin Totten, Joshaw.ay 
 Conklin. John Truesdell, Gilbert Purdy, Nathan Pnrdy, Isaiah Purdy, 
 Joshua Purdy, Leouiird Smith, Lufi Smith, Anning Smith, Daniel Smith, 
 Gilbert Denlon, Pete Ston, John Wier, Hen. A. Gamble, Nathan Purdy, 
 Elijah Carman, Nehemiab Denton, James Toundsend, Isaac Browu^ 
 Stephen Albertson, Obadiah Smith, David Wyatt, Hezekiah Wyatt, Thad- 
 eus Smith, John Wandle, Isa.ic Shults, John Carman, William Ward, 
 Robert Jlorrison, Mary Wilson, widow, John Fox, Stephen Hooper, John 
 Hullen, John Vangonder, Benjamin Smith, Elnathan Foster, William 
 Booyls, Robert Oar Harding, Thomas Morrel, Daniel McCor, John Bride, 
 Jacob Wandel, Jacob Ansell, William Whitehead, Richard Albertson. 
 
254 
 
 HISTOHY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 uel Fowler, William Ellison, John Ellison, Stephen 
 Wiggins, Leonard Smith, Samuel Wiiislow, and Na- 
 than Purdy petitioned Governor Colden for " a royal 
 charter of incorporation of St. George's Church, in the 
 parish of Newburgh, and county of Ulster," which 
 was granted.* 
 
 SETTLEMENT OF OTHER I'ATENT.?. 
 
 Passing from the jjarish of Newburgh to the ad- 
 joining patents which have been enumerated, the 
 following facts are of record in regard to their original 
 proprietors and to their sale and settlement : 
 
 The Baird Patent (No. 2) was issued to Alexander 
 Baird, Abraham Van Vlecque, and Hermanus John- 
 son. It was sold to Governor William Burnet, who 
 through his attorney, William Brown, of Salem, 
 Mass., sold 250 acres to Arthur McKiniiy. April 24, 
 1745; 250 acres to Andrew Todd, June 1, 1740; and 
 twenty-six lots, numbered from 4 to 30, to Samuel 
 Belknap, Dec. 25, 1749. The latter sold thirteen of 
 the lots to his brother Thomas,! in 1754 ; one lot to 
 Morgan Powell, in 1761 ; part of a lot to Josiah 
 Talket, in 1765; part of a lot to Felix McLannen, in 
 1765 ; pai-t of a lot to James Stickney, in 1766 ; four 
 lots to Isaac Belknap, in 175.3 ; four lots to Abel 
 Belknap and four to David Belknap, in 1766. Thomas 
 Belknap sold one lot to Samuel Sprague, in 1761, 
 and part of a lot to Robert Beattie. Beattie was also 
 the purchaser of a lot from William Brown, in 1769. 
 The Belknaps and the purchasers from them, with 
 the exception of Beattie, were Massachusetts people, 
 and were the first principal colonists of New England 
 who removed hither. For a number of years their 
 settlement was known as Belknap's Ridge, but more 
 recently has been classed as Coldenham, from the 
 district post-office of that name. 
 
 The Kipp and Cruger Patent (No. 3) was issued to 
 Jacobus Kipp, John Cruger, Philip Cortlandt, David 
 Provost, Oliver Schuyler, and John Schuyler. It in- 
 cluded the district east, north, and west dl Orange Lake, 
 and adjoined the Baird Patent on the south. J It was 
 the most densely timbered and the latest in occupa- 
 tion of any of the patents, except that to Bradley 
 and Jamison. It was divided into six parts, which 
 were subdivided into farm-lots. Pearly deeds are not 
 recorded; but tradition affirms that Silas Gardner, 
 with a number of lumbermen, entered the district on 
 the southeast in 1767, and established the settlement 
 known as Gardnertown. Henry W. Kipp held a very 
 
 * Tills charter is still preserved in the archives of St. George's Church. 
 It Wivs granted May 2, 1T70. 
 
 t H'-lkriap liaid £1500 for the lots, ami sold one-balf of tliem to his 
 brorluT Tlionins for £826. At that time it required ten pounds (oUl 
 t(MM>r) to make one pound sterling. Belknap paid, therefore, £150 ster- 
 ling, or $;i75 (New York standani^ for his lots. This rule of computing 
 ptmuds win apply to all otlier sales of lauds at that time or prior. 
 
 t Described as beginning "at three black -oak saplings on the east side 
 of the gieat pond, seven chains to the northward of the eel-fishing place 
 or llie lieginniug of Qnassaick Brook." The eel-fishing place must liave 
 l)een a resort of the Indians ; it could not have been known to the Eng- 
 lish at th.-it time. 
 
 considerable portion of Jacobus Kipp's share, and is 
 said to have built, prior to the Revolution, the house 
 now occupied l)y Jeronius Thorne, and to have called 
 the place " his Rocky Forest." Nicholas Stevens 
 was a purchaser from him. William Lupton held 
 the Cruger interest, in whose honor Mr. Solomon 
 Birdsall conferred the name of Luptondale. Alex- 
 ander McCoy was a tenant or settler under him, and 
 Michael Redmond and John Abrams were among the 
 earliest purchasers. A colony of Friends from West- 
 chester County, composed of Daniel, Zephaniah, and 
 Barak Birdsall, John Sutton, and John Thorne, set- 
 tled on the patent about 1791. Daniel Birdsall bought 
 the place which McCoy had partially cleared, and 
 found there a log house with a bark roof, which he 
 occupied. Barak Birdsall bought of Henry W. Kip]), 
 and subsei|uently became the owner of the Nicholas 
 Stevens place. The Birdsalls are still largely repre- 
 sented in the district. 
 
 The settlement of the Bradley and Jamison Patent 
 (No. 4) cannot lie traced in early records. It is said 
 that Johannes Snyder and John Crowell were first 
 purchasers there. St. Andrew's Church, at Walden, 
 held a farm-lot in the patent by gift from Bradley. 
 
 The Wallace Patent (No. 5) was to James Wallace 
 alone. It was ))urchased by Joseph Penny, who sold 
 200 acres to Robert Ross, and settled upon the re- 
 mainder with his seven sons, — John, William, Robi- 
 son, Joseph, Peter, James, and Allen. Penny was 
 from Wales, England. Ross was Scotch, and is .said 
 to have been the first settler on the patent, and to 
 have established the name of Rossville, although the 
 patent itself became known as " the Penny Patent." 
 
 The Bradley Patent (No. 6) was to Sarah, Catha- 
 rine, George, Elizabeth, and Mary Bradlej', and was 
 taken in their name by their father, Richard Bradley, 
 who was thus enabled to secure six tracts in separate 
 locations (of which that in Newburgh was one), em- 
 bracing 6000 acres. It was purchased and settled in 
 1768, by John Foster, William Foster, Richard Ward, 
 and John Griggs. The Fosters being the most numer- 
 ous, the settlement was called Fostertown. 
 
 The Harrison Patent (No. 7) was issued to Francis 
 Harrison, Mary Tatham, Thomas Brazier, James 
 Graham, and John Haskell. It was for 5600 acres, 
 excepting and reserving 300 acres laid out for " Gillis, 
 the German joiner," and 300 acres " for the children 
 of or Peter Johnson." By subsequent transfers, 
 James Alexander, John Provost, and Daniel Gomozji 
 became interested in the patent. It was sold in sev- 
 eral parcels at different periods. The first purchaser 
 was James Ellsworth, in 1716, whose lands were held 
 by his widow, and after her death sold by his son, 
 William Ellsworth, to Samuel Stratton, in 1753; Strat- 
 ton sold to Jehiel Clark. The share of James Graham 
 passed to Jurie Quick in 1719, who sold to Zacharias 
 
 g Written on the tax-roll of 1724, "Gomoz, the Jew.' 
 chant of New York City. 
 
 He was a nier- 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 255 
 
 Hofman (Sept. 24, 1727). After the death of the lat- 
 ter the tract, as well as the lots held by him in the 
 German Patent, were sold by his heirs, among others 
 to Joseph Bloomer in 1754, and Jlichael Demott and 
 the Dentons and Flewwellings in 17(54. James Alex- 
 ander and John Provost sold to Arthnr 8mitli and 
 Jehiol Clark (May 9, 1751) one-half of the fifth part 
 originally held by Haskell. Daniel Goraoz sold to 
 Samuel and Daniel Fowler, Nov. 6, 1747, the remain- 
 ing half of that part, consisting of 500 acres. The 
 extreme northern portion of the patent was held at 
 an early date by .Jacobus Van Blarcken, whose inter- 
 est was purchased by Wolvert Acker at sheriff's sale 
 in 1772. The Smiths, Clarks, Bloomers, and Fowlers 
 were English people, and were mainly from West- 
 chester County. Van Blarcken and Acker were also 
 from Westchester, but of Dutch extraction. With 
 the exception of the Belknap colony, none of the 
 settlers had a more controlling influence in the early 
 history of the town than those who occupied the Har- 
 rison Patent, which, with the reservations above 
 stated, covered the district now known as Middlehope. 
 
 The Spratt Patent (No. 8) was in two parcels, — • 
 20011 acres in Ulster and 1000 in Newburgb, — and was 
 issued to Andries Marschalk and John Spratt, the 
 latter taking the Newburgb tract as his "one-third." 
 It was purchased by Joseph Gidney, in 1760, and set- 
 tled by his four sons, Joseph, Daniel, David, and Ele- 
 azer, from whom it took the name of Gidneytown. 
 
 The Gulch Patent (No. 9) was to Melchior Gulch, 
 and his wife and children, of the original company 
 of Palatines, precisely as were the lots in the German 
 Patent. A portion of it passed to John Fowler, and 
 from him to Daniel Kniflin, in 1758; afterwards to 
 Underbill Merritt, and more recently to the late 
 Daniel Merritt. It is recorded as having been issued 
 to Gellis, Gillis, or Jellis, Melchior or Melchor, " the 
 German carpenter, now in his possession and occupa- 
 tion.'' The portion retained by his family descended 
 to Jacob Gillis, as the name came to be written, who 
 held it by right of primogeniture until about the com- 
 mencement of the war of the Revolution. 
 
 The patent to Peter Johnson* (No. 10) is not of 
 record, but depends for its existence upon the reser- 
 vations in the Harrison Patent. With the Gulch Pat- 
 ent, which it adjoined, it was the first occupied land 
 in the northeast part of the town. There is no record 
 of its transfer. 
 
 Tlie patent for 300 acres to Harrison and Company 
 (not numbered) was to supply a deficiency in the first 
 patent. 
 
 PRECINCT OF NEWBURGH. 
 The increase in population resulting from the .set- 
 tlement of these patents brought with it a change in 
 the organization of the precinct. The old precinct of 
 
 *PeterJanBen and "Peter Janseu'a estate," on tax-rolls 1714-17. He 
 • seeuis to have been one of the original Palatines, but probably died 
 before the patent was issued to him. 
 
 the Highlands, after serving the purpose of its crea- 
 tion for fifty years, gave way, in 1762, to the precincts 
 of Newburgb and New Windsor, into which it was 
 divided, the latter being constituted substantially as 
 the town now is ; while the former embraced the towns 
 of Marlborough and Plattekill, in Ulster County, as 
 well as the present town and city of Newburgb. Un- 
 der the act establishing this division, the first annual 
 meeting for the election of precinct officers was held 
 at the house of Jonathan Hasbrouck (now known as 
 Washington's headquarters), in the parish of New- 
 burgh, on the first Tuesday in April, 1763,t when the 
 following officers were chosen, viz. : Samuel Sands, 
 clerk; Jonathan Hasbrouck, supervisor; Richard 
 Harper, John Windfield, and Samuel Wyatt, as- 
 sessors ; Daniel Gedney and Benjamin Woolsey, 
 poor-masters; John McCrary, John Wandel, Burras 
 Holmes, Isaac Fowler, Umphrey Merritt, and Thomas 
 Woolsey, path-masters ; Nathan Purdy and Isaac 
 Fowler, fence-viewers and appraisers of damages. 
 After continuing for ten years, the precinct was again 
 divided, and the Marlborough and Plattekill settle- 
 ments erected as the precinct of New Marlborough. 
 This division left to the precinct of Newburgb the 
 territory covered by the patents already named, and 
 its date (Dec. 11, 1772) is practically that of the 
 organization of the subsequent town of Newburgb. 
 John Flewwelling, supervisor, and Samuel Sands, 
 clerk, were its first principal officers, chosen at the 
 election in April, 1773. 
 
 II.— HEVOLTJTIONARr EVENTS. 
 
 Such was the condition of the precinct of New- 
 burgb when the discussions which preceded and pro- 
 duced the Revolution fixed the attention and engaged 
 the sympathies of the people. When the news of the 
 Boston massacre was wafted hither from New Eng- 
 land, followed, as it was, by the tidings that patriot 
 blood had been shed at Lexington, a large majority 
 embraced with unflinching zeal the cause of their 
 country. Yet few localities in the province had been 
 more immediately under the influence of officers of the 
 crown than was Newburgb. Lieut.-Gov. Colden had 
 had his residence within a few miles of the village, and 
 in the vicinity there were other persons intimately con- 
 nected with the government whose influence tended 
 to secure a degree of favor for the British ministry 
 that would not otherwise have been obtained. After 
 Colden's death, his son, Cadwallader, became the 
 leader (if he was not so previously) of the opposition, 
 and was regarded by the Whigs as especiall}- " mis- 
 chievous."}: Aside from the influence exerted by the 
 Coldens, other causes contributed, more or less, to di- 
 vide the people of Newburgb on the great issue pre- 
 
 t The records of the town of Newburgh begin with this election. 
 
 J " In the midst of our troubles with these rebels, we are greatly sat- 
 isfied to hear that their le.ider, the mischievous Maj. Colden, has been 
 arrested." — Palmer, March, 1777. (See New Windsor.) 
 
256 
 
 HISTOEY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 sented for their consideration ; and it is a matter of 
 surprise that in a population like that which then 
 occupied the precinct, so many were found ready to 
 peri! lifi^ and fortune in the seemingly desperate strife. 
 
 The drama of the Revolution opened in Xewhurgh, 
 a.s in so many other places, on the passage of the non- 
 importation resolutions by the Continental Congress 
 in 1774, which resulted in the formation, in every 
 city, town, and precinct, of a "Committee of Safety 
 and Observation." The city of New York took the 
 lead by organizing a committee of one hundred, of 
 which Isaac Low was chairman, and b)' sending cir- 
 culars to all the towns and precincts in the province 
 urging the formation of similar committees. About 
 the same time a pamphlet, entitled " Free Thoughts 
 on the Resolves of Congress," made its appearance 
 and was scattered broadcast over the land. The peo- 
 ple thus had the question fairly before them, and in 
 their local meetings discussed the points involved. 
 The result was soon apparent. The precincts of j 
 Shawangunk, Hanover, Wallkill, New Windsor, and 
 Newburgh, in January, 1775, publicly burned the 
 pamphlet, and at the .same time organized the com- 
 mittees ])roposed. In Newburgh, a meeting was held 
 at the liDuse of Martin Weigand, on the 27th of Jan- 
 uary, 1775, when Wol vert Acker, Jonathan Hasbrouck, 
 Thomas Palmer, John Belknap, Joseph Coleman, 
 Moses Higby, Samuel Sands, Stephen Case, Isaac 
 Belknap, Benjamin Birdsall, John Robinson, and 
 others were appointed a " Committee of Safety and 
 Observation." 
 
 The first duty devolving upon this committee was 
 to attend a convention at New Paltz, on the 7th of 
 April, for the purpose of selecting delegates to a Pro- 
 vincial Convention to be held at New Y'ork on the 20th 
 of the same month. Newburgh was represented in 
 the New Paltz meeting by Col. Jonathan Hasbrouck, 
 Thomas Palmer, AVolvert Acker, and John Belknap, 
 who voted to send Charles DeWitt, George Clinton, 
 and Levi Pauling to the Provincial Convention, with 
 full power "to declare the sense of this county relative 
 to the grievances under which His Majesty's American 
 subjects labor." 
 
 On the 20th of April following, the committee of 
 New York drew up and signed a pledge to observe 
 and maintain the orders and resolutions of both the 
 Continental and Provincial Congress, and sent it for 
 signatures to all the precincts and counties in the 
 province.* Immediately on receiving the proceedings 
 of the New Y'ork committee, the Newburgh committee 
 placed a copy of the pledge at the hotel of Martin 
 Weigand for signatures. The great mass of the people 
 came forward voluntarily and subscribed their names ; 
 but a few timid ones, anticipating that the result of 
 the controversy would be disastrous, or unwilling to 
 risk the displeasure of the crown, shrank from the 
 test, and the committee found it necessary to adopt 
 
 ♦"American .Vi'chives," vol. ii. 471, -Ith series. 
 
 energetic measures to induce them to unite in the 
 movement. For this purpose a meeting was held at 
 the house of Martin Weigand (May 15th), and Wolvert 
 Acker appointed chairman, and Cornelius Hasbrouck, 
 clerk. Resolutions were pa-ssed instructing the com- 
 mittee to visit those who had "neglected or refused to 
 sign the association, and in the most friendly manner 
 invite them to sign the same ;"t that those refusing to 
 sign "on or before the 29th of this instant" should be 
 "deemed enemies of their country;" that, in the 
 opinion of the committee, " no person or persons 
 whatsoever" should "have any kind of connection or 
 dealings with" those who withheld their names, and 
 that whosoever should have "any such connection 
 ought to be treated in like manner, and he-considered 
 as an enemy of his country, notwithstanding he may 
 have signed the association."! In other words, social 
 ostracism was pronounced against a few well-known 
 individuals, as the sequel shows, who were occupying 
 the common ground of loyalty to the king, — whicli 
 even the members of the association professed, — l)ut 
 who were also already quite active in inviting hostility 
 to the movement for a "redress of grievances," and 
 were especially instigating the negro slaves of the 
 precinct to take part against their masters. J 
 
 On the 19th of May the Provincial Congress 
 directed the committees holding the pledge to return 
 the same before the 15th of July, " with the names of 
 the signers and those who refused to sign ;" and in 
 accordance with this requirement, Wolvert Acker, the 
 chairman of the Newburgh committee, made, on the 
 14th of July, the return called for on behalf of the 
 precinct, embracing the names of one hundred and 
 seventy-four persons who had signed the association, 
 and fifty-four who had refused to do so. The return 
 has been given in a previous chapter. || 
 
 On the day on which the return was forwarded, 
 several of the jiersons who had refused to sign came 
 before the committee and made affidavit of their inten- 
 tion to abide by the measures of the Continental Con- 
 gress, being convinced that they had " no other alter- 
 native but to repel force by force, or submit to be 
 slaves ;" that they would " discourage the spirit of 
 
 t Coercive measures to induce persons to sign the association were for- 
 bidden; " the propriety of the measure, and the necessity of ni:iintiun- 
 ing a perfect union in every part of the colony," being rejjiinled as 
 sufficient to induce signatures. Freedom of 0]iinion w;is distinctly 
 recognized, but coercion in the manner noted prevailed. 
 
 J " Archives," GOG, vol. ii. 4th series. 
 
 g Very stringent measures were adopted to hold the negroes from 
 assisting the king. At the meeting referred to (May IStli) it was resolved, 
 "that any person owning negroes in this precinct shall not, on any 
 account whatever, suffer them to be absent from his dwelling-house or 
 farm after sundown, or send them out in the daytime ofl" their farm 
 without a pass ; and in case any negroes be found abroad, contrary to the 
 above resolve, they shall be apprehended and caused to receive thirty-five 
 lashes, or any number less, as the said committee shall deem proper." 
 At a later period, when the militia was called away, a guard was main- 
 tained to prevent the negroes from insurrectionary violence. Slavery, 
 always a source of weakness to the republic, was especially so during the 
 struggle for independence ; although to the honor of the slaves be it said 
 that the majority of them were faithful to their masters. 
 
 11 .See General History, Chapter V., for names. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 ioi 
 
 opposition" which had prevailed, and bear and pay 
 their " quota of all expenses" that might he incurred 
 in the struggle ; and that this their declaration was 
 of their " own free will and voluntary consent." 
 This increased the number of signers to one hundred 
 and ninety-five, and reduced the number who sus- 
 tained tlie king and his ministry to thirty-nine. 
 
 With the return of the signatures the organization 
 of the "Committee of Safety and Observation" of the 
 precinct of Newburgh was perfected, and that body 
 installed as its revolutionary government. Scarcely 
 had this organization been efltcted when active duties 
 devolved upon the committee. A portion of those 
 who had refused to sign the pledge, as well as a few 
 who had signed the subsequent affidavit, became 
 guilty of acts which, in its opinion, deserved punish- 
 ment, and wliich it was determined should be admin- 
 istered. The first instance of this character is reported 
 to the Provincial Convention of New York in a joint 
 letter from the committees of Xewlnirgh and New 
 Windsor, and read at a session of the Conimittee of 
 Safety on the 18th of July. The report is signed by 
 Wolvert Acker and Samuel Brewster, and states that 
 John Morrel, Adam Patrick, and Isaiah Purdy were 
 not only " possessed of principles very inimical to the 
 grand cause in which we are embarked, but whose 
 conduct, ever since the commencement of these un- 
 happy times, has been such as to disturb the public 
 tranquillity."* The persons named were arrested and 
 taken to New York under guard, where they were 
 examined by the Committee of Safety. They admitted 
 many of the charges against them, and were ordered 
 to be confined in the barracks; but were subsequently 
 released " upon their contrition and promise of amend- 
 ment," and the Newburgh committee instructed to 
 treat them kindly unless they should commit further 
 unlawful acts. 
 
 Under date of Oct. 27, 1775, it appears that Stephen 
 Wiggins and David Purdy, being deemed guilty of 
 unlawful acts, were arrested by order of the com- 
 mittee and sent to New York ;t but the final dispo- 
 sition of their case does not appear. In January, 
 
 * *' We herewith Bend you three persons, who not only possess principles 
 very inimical to the grand cause in which we are eniharked, but whose 
 couduct, ever since the first of these unhappy times, has been such as 
 to disturb tlie piililic tranquillity and destroy that unanimity so neces- 
 sary for the preservation of our liberties. Tlieir names are .lob n Morrel, 
 Adam Patrick, and Isaiah Purdy. Herewith, gentlemen, you will also 
 receive Severn) depositions taken before John Nicoll, Esq., relative to the 
 matter, which is all we have time to take at present ; these we submit to 
 the judgment of the honorable Congress, whether either or all of tlie 
 persons accused be worthy of confinement or not." — Arrliiren. 
 
 f'This is to certify that we, the Committee of Safety and Observation 
 for the Precinct of Newburgh, for the apprehension of two persons, viz. : 
 Stephen Wiggins and David Purdy, did request and comnumd Capt. 
 Samuel Logan, (»f the niiinite company at New Windsor, to assist with 
 eleven of his men in appj-eliending the said persons, ho having attended 
 and assisted one day and a half, with himself at the head of the follow- 
 ing persons, viz.: John Rol>iu.son, ensign; David MandeviU and John 
 Schofield, sergeants; one corporal, one clerk, and si.x privates. Capt. 
 Logan s account, signed by Mr. Acker, our chairman, for the expenses 
 of himself and men, for the time above certified, is just ; and for his 
 own and men's wages, we refer to he calculated by you." — Archifts. 
 
 1776, Samuel DevineJ was arrested and confined. He 
 was subsequently released, but for some offense was 
 again arrested in 1777, tried by court-martial, and 
 sentenced to be hung. He was pardoned " under the 
 gallows" by Governor Clinton. Samuel Fowler and 
 Daniel Denton, who were among the signers of tlie 
 affidavit, were also arrested and confined.? The Flew- 
 wellings were disaffected, and one of them joined 
 Claudius Sinith's band of cow-boys and was hung at 
 Goshen in 1779. Renegades were also found among 
 those who had signed the pledge of association, of 
 whom Silas Gardner,I| Benjamin Smith, EInathau 
 Foster, Dtivid Wyatt, and others were arrested and 
 confined for indefinite periods,^ and subsequently re- 
 leased on parole. 
 
 The reorganization of the militia of the precinct 
 received early attention, and was conducted in con- 
 junction with the general committee of the county, for 
 the southern district of which a new regiment was con- 
 stituted (Sept. 2, 1775), with the following field-officers : 
 Jonathan Hasbrouck, colonel ; Johannes Harden- 
 bergh, Jr., lieutenant-colonel ; Johannes Jansen, Jr., 
 and Lewis DuBois, majors ; Abraham Schoonmaker, 
 adjutant ; and Isaac Belknap,** quartermaster. Two 
 companies were organized for this regiment in New- 
 burgh, the first commanded by Sainl. Clark, and tlie 
 second by Arthur Smith. ft In December following a 
 
 X Samuel Deviue was arrested on testimony that he had " repeatedly 
 drank damnation to the Congress and all the Wliiga; and furtheiniore 
 had called the Whigs a pack of rebels." 
 
 ? .\ug, 18, 1778. — Samuel Fowler, arrested as a person of " equivocal 
 and suspected character," — refused the oath of allegiance and was confined 
 by the conimittee. Sept. 4, 1778. — Daniel Denton, arrested as a persim 
 of "equivocal and suspected character," — refused the oath and was con- 
 fined. — Clinton Papers. 
 
 I] Silas Gardner was arrested in April, 1777, charged with "levying 
 war against the United Slates of America, holding correspondence with 
 and assisting the enemies of the said States." lie appears to have been 
 guilty of correspondence with the enemy, and to have associated with 
 others in what has been modernly termed an "underground railroad" 
 for passing through the country those w ho wished to join the British 
 either in Canada or New York. His la«t act in this line was the safe 
 conduct of the wife of Sir John Johnston to New Tork, for which ser- 
 vice Sir John sent him a ring. He was tried by court-martial at Fort 
 Montgomery, and sentenced to be hung, but was pardoned under the 
 gallows and confined, but released on parole in 1778. — Proc. Prof. Com\ 
 
 ^ The parties referred to were apprehended and arrested, it is said, 
 while on their way to join tlie enemy, and were James Flewwelling, El- 
 uatban Foster, John Flewwelling, David Wyatt, Solomon Combs, Benja- 
 min Smith, Stephen Wood, John Moffatt, Benjamin Darby, Tiui'itliy 
 Wood, Robert Denton, James Cosman, and Amos Ireland. Tliey were 
 sentenced to confinement in the jail at Kingston. — Proc. Prov. Coitr.,S'i'2. 
 
 *=^ Through a clerical error, Belknap was not commissioned. The com- 
 missions of the other ofircers bear date Oct. 25, 1775. The regiment was 
 included in the Fourth Brigade with other regiments of Ulster and orange 
 County, under command of Brig.-Gen. George Clinton. 
 
 t+ " HoNOUAiiLE Gentlemen, — Agreeable to your direction of the Otli 
 inst , the Militia Company of the southeast district of Newburgh as- 
 sembled on the 17th inst. at the house of Col. Jonathan Hasbrouck, and 
 chose, by a plurality of voices of the soldiers of said District, the following 
 gentlemen for their Militia Otticeis : Samuel Clark, Captain ; Benjamin 
 Smith, 1st Lieutenant ; James Denton, Senr., 2d Lieutenant ; Martin 
 Weigand, Ensign. We are, &c., 
 
 " SaMUEI, S.4SDS, 
 
 " Moses Hioby, 
 " AfOUST 22, 1775. '* Tico of CommiUee.^^ 
 
 " HoNOBAUi-E Gentlemen, — Agreeable to your directions of the 0th 
 inst , the Militia Company of the North District of Newburgh Precinct 
 
258 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 regiment of minute men was constituted, of which 
 Thomas Palmer, of Xewburgh, was colonel ; Thomas 
 Johnson, lieutenant-colonel ; Arthur Parks, of Han- 
 over, and Samuel Logan, of New Windsor, majors; 
 Severyn T. Bruyn, adjutant, and Isaac Belknap, quar- 
 termaster. On the 23d of .Tuly, 1776, the Convention 
 directed the general committee of the county to or- 
 ganize three companies (in all 201 men) of rangers to 
 be employed " as scouting parties to range the woods" 
 and prevent attacks by the Indians, and in such other 
 service as might be required. Of one of these com- 
 panies Isaac Belknap was appointed captain ;* 
 
 Schoonmaker, first lieutenant ; Petrus Roosa, second 
 lieutenant, and David Clark, corporal. In addition 
 to these regiments and companies, the committee was 
 constantly engaged in promoting enlistments in the 
 State and Continental regiments, and in the discharge 
 of their duties found little leisure time. 
 
 The history of the services of the militia of the 
 ]3recinct cannot now be fully written ; but the records 
 preserved, and which have been already quoted, show 
 that they were rejpeatedly called outf during the war, 
 and rendered important service. Even the aged were 
 not exempt from duty. The Provincial Convention, 
 in 1778, invited those " who, in ordinary circum- 
 stances, would be exempts," to form companies to 
 repel invasions and suppress insurrections.! This 
 call was responded to by Martin Wiegand, Humphrey 
 Merritt, Saml. Stratton, William Bloomer, Joseph 
 Albertson, William Carscaden, Isaac Fowler, Reuben 
 Holmes, William Ward, Jr., James Denton, Jas. 
 Waugh, and others, and a company — of which Sam- 
 uel Edmonds was captain ; Nathaniel Wyatt, first 
 lieutenant; John Stratton, second lieutenant, and 
 Michael Lewis, ensign — organized and held in readi- 
 ness for service.^ 
 
 But it was not merely by their services as militia 
 
 assembled on the 26tli iiist. Ht tlie house uf Lemuel CoDklin.aiut choose, 
 by a majority of voices of the suliliers belonging to said District, tlie fol- 
 lowing persons for their Militia Officers, viz. : Arthur Smith, Captain; 
 Isaac Fowler, Jr., 1st Lieutenant; John Foster, 2d Lieutenant; Daniel 
 Clark, Ensign. We are, .Vc, 
 
 " Moses IIigby, 
 " JosKPH Coleman, 
 
 " Tiw of Commiltee. 
 " Aviil'ST 26, 1775." 
 
 * The second company was placet! under the command of Capt. Jacob 
 R. DeWitt, the third under Capt. Elias Hasbrouck. They were discharged 
 March, 1777. 
 
 t How frequently the militia of New burgh was called out is shown by 
 tlie following return made of the services of Col. Uasbrouck's regimeut: 
 
 Dec. 12, 1776 — Alarm and service at Ratnapo 300 men 27 days. 
 
 Jan, 7, 1777 " " " " 100 " 14 " 
 
 " 28, •' " ■• " " 200 " 40 " 
 
 " " " *' " Fort Montgomery. ..l.oO " 12 " 
 
 Mcb, 7, " " " " " ,.,130 " 90 " 
 
 '• " '■ Peekskill 2.50 " 40 " 
 
 July, " " " " Fort Montgomery. ,,460 " 8 " 
 
 August, " '■ " " " .,,500 " S " 
 
 October, " " " " Fort C'oiistitution,„.200 " 10 " 
 
 '' " " " ** Burning of Ksopus„,460 " 30 " 
 
 Novr. " " " " New Windsor 120 " 45 " 
 
 April, 177S " " " West Point 420 " 8 " 
 
 — Clinton Papers. 
 
 X During the entire war the exempts were assessed to supply men in 
 their places in the ranks of the militia, 
 
 i The persons named in the return had i)reviou8ly served in some one 
 of the companies composing Col. Iliisbrouck's regimeut, — Clinton Papfrs. 
 
 that the people of Newburgh contributed to the war. 
 A depot for stores, under the charge of Andrew Tay- 
 lor, deputy quartermaster-general, was established 
 here in 1777, and was maintained until the peace. Of 
 course it devolved upon the inhabitants of the dis- 
 trict, in the absence of regular troops, to collect the 
 various stores needed by the army, and to convey 
 them to distant points. When the tidings of the 
 terrible sufferings at Valley Forge were received, 
 they came forward with every mode of conveyance in 
 their po.ssession, eager to transport provisions, and the 
 extent of their services may be inferred from a letter 
 of Col. Taylor to Governor Clinton, in which he states 
 that " every sleigh and horse in the neighborhood is 
 completely used up in this duty." 
 
 Nor was this all. The inhabitants of Newburgh 
 were subjected to great inconvenience and privations 
 from the fact that the militia of other sections were 
 located here, the place being made a point of rendez- 
 vous by general orders, || and the billeting of soldiers 
 on the people was of frequent occurrence. To supply 
 them with food involved a heavy tax on the inhab- 
 itants, and their own families were often reduced to 
 want by complying w-ith the demands thus made upon 
 their stores. 
 
 On the reduction of Forts Montgomery and Clinton, 
 in 1777, the people living near the river removed 
 their families and goods into the interior, in accord- 
 ance with the suggestionsof the Committee of Safety, 
 expecting that the expedition under Vaughan and 
 Wallace would lay waste the village ; but in this they 
 were fortunately disappointed. The expedition passed 
 by, bestowing no other attention on tlie settlement 
 than the discharge of a few cannon. What was then 
 the village was shielded from the passing shot by its 
 position on the hill beyond the range of ship-guns, as 
 well as by a dense growth of trees in many places 
 along the river-bank, and hence escaped injury from 
 that source. When the fleet returned, a continual 
 cannonade was kept up from its transports, by which 
 one man was killed on the ferry-boat ;^[ but the pres- 
 ence of the militia deterred the predatory boat expe- 
 ditions by which its presence was marked at Kings- 
 ton. After passing the chefan.v-df-frise, one of the 
 frigates was anchored and remained for some time in 
 taking soundings. The militia meanwhile was posted 
 at Newburgh, New Windsor, and other points in the 
 vicinity, and kept wakeful watch of the enemy's 
 movements.** 
 
 II " Newbi-ruh, Dec, 18, 1775, — Pursuant to the orders of Congress to 
 the regiment under my command, to be in readiness upon any proper 
 alarm, I have appointed the place of general rendezvous to be at the 
 house of Martin Weigand, in Newburgh Precinct, 
 
 "J, Hasdrovck, Col.^^ 
 — Archives, 307, 4th Series. 
 
 % On the 18th of October, 1777, Gen. James Clinton, writing from his 
 headquarters at the bouse of Abel Belknap, says, " Five of the British 
 ships returned this day down the river and fired many shots, but only 
 killed one man on the ferry-boat." 
 
 ** In a letter dated "Abel Belknap's.Octoher 23d," Gen. Clinton writes, 
 "The enemy's frigate still lies below the clifvaux-de-frise, and it was my 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 259 
 
 But tlie precinct had not passed the onleal un- 
 icourged, although it escaped direct devastation by 
 lie enemy. In the defense of the Highhmd forts 
 nany of its men had been killed, and others taken 
 jrisoners. They had been summoned from their 
 lomes but a single day previous to that of the fatal 
 lattle; had left their families, as they had many times 
 jefore, expecting an early return, but to their homes 
 •eturned not. How great the anxiety, as the progress 
 )f the conflict was watched from the liill-tops, — how 
 ;reat the mourning, as the flames which had been 
 ighted on the vessels-of-war proclaimed the result, — 
 ve may not know; we only read the expressive record 
 hat the poor taxes of the precinct rose from £50 to 
 E.SOO, and tliat special donations were collected for 
 ' such poor whose husbands or parents were killed or 
 aken prisoners at Fort Montgomery."* 
 
 From this brief survey of local Revolutionary ser- 
 •ices and suffering, let us return to the events of more 
 feneral interest that cluster around the precincts of 
 S^ewburgli and New Windsor. When, in the spring 
 )f 177'.», Washington was thrown on tl.e defensive, he 
 ;oncentrated the Continental army in the Highlands 
 md in Smith's Clove, and established his headquarters 
 n the William Ellison house on the hill immediately 
 outli of the village of Xew Windsor.! Here he con- 
 ■erteil measures to counteract the campaign of the 
 ^neniy, who by moving on New London and the Con- 
 lecticut coast hoped to draw the Continental forces 
 n that direction and render the Highland forts an 
 !asy prey. Instead of meeting these anticipations, 
 iVashington sent Wayne to attack Stony Point, and 
 he decisive action there compelled the enemy to 
 dnindon the Connecticut expedition and with it the 
 ■eduction of West Point. Although found to be un- 
 enable and hence abandoned, the capture of Stony 
 Point was one of the boldest and most successful stra- 
 egic movements of the war. Finding that Washing- 
 ion could not be induced to leave West Point defense- 
 ess. Sir Henry Clinton organized a campaign against 
 ihe Southern States. Retaining his headquarters at 
 he Ellison house, Washington remained in compar- 
 itive idleness. It was the darkest period of the 
 var ; without assistance from European powers, the 
 ;au<e of independence was acknowledged to be hope- 
 essly lost. Ultimately that assistance was secured; 
 France furnished an army and a fleet ; Holland sent 
 noney ; confidence revived ; the Continental forces 
 ivere recruited, and under the drill of Steuben rivaled 
 
 >pini<'?i she was 8tatione<l there to prevent our sinking any more; Imt 
 Jen. Webb informei] me yesterday he tliought she wanted to get liigher 
 ip, as she had boats constantly sounding tlie channel. Gen. Webb's 
 trigade consists of alKint .'lOO or GOO men, and is still increasing. They 
 ire stationed at New Windsi>r. Capt. Nioolls and his company at the 
 :reeU. Col. Tusten*s and Col. Woodhull's regiments from the county 
 iiie to IJulter Hill, and thence along tlie Clove road to Francis Smith's. 
 A>\. Chinghry's regiment at Hasbrouck's Mill, keeping their main 
 ;unrd at Xewbnrgh. Miij. DnBois witli his company from Newbnrgh 
 ilung the river noi'th." 
 
 "* Precinct records. 
 
 f See History of New Windsor. 
 
 in discipline the armies of Europe. Threatening an 
 attack on New York, and thereliy obliging Sir Henry 
 Clinton to retain his reinforcement.s at that place, 
 Washington changed his plans, and before Sir Henry 
 was aware of it, had moved his forces from New 
 Windsor and was far on the march towards Yorktown. 
 
 Soon after the successful termination of the siege 
 of Y'orktown (Oct. 7, 1781), the main portion of the 
 American army returned to the Hud.son River ; and 
 Washington (April, 1782) made his headquarters at 
 the Hasbrouck house, in Newburgh. For a short 
 time in the autumn of 1782 the army was encamped 
 at Verplanck's Point, where a junction was effected 
 with the French army, which until that time had re- 
 mained in Virginia. Immediately after this junction 
 the latter marched to Boston, and the American army 
 crossed the Hudson and went into winter-quarters 
 above the Highlands, — portions being stationed at 
 New Windsor,! at Fishkill, and in the vicinity of 
 Walden. Gens. Knox and Greene were quartered at 
 the house of Mr. John Ellison (late Capt. Charles 
 Morton's) ; Gens. Gates and St. Clair were quartered 
 at the Edmonston house, near Ellison's; Wayne, at 
 the old hotel of Martin Weigand, in Newburgh ; and 
 the Baron Steuben, at the house of Mr. Samuel Ver- 
 planck, in Fishkill.? During the summer of 1783 a 
 portion of the army was in tents on the plain now 
 occupied by the upper streets of the city, and passed 
 through the usual exercises of camp-life under the 
 careful drill of Baron Steuben. A portion of the 
 army remained in camp here until the 3d of Novem- 
 ber, when it was formally disbanded. 
 
 For a long time prior to the breaking up of the 
 army, discontent had prevailed among the soldiers 
 and oflScers respecting the arrearages in their pay. 
 On the 30th October, 1780, Congress had passed reso- 
 lutions granting half-pay for life to the officers, but 
 these resolutions stood on the faith of a government 
 with no funds to enable it to perform its engagements ; 
 and after their passage, the Articles of Confederation 
 had been adopted, which made the consent of nine 
 States necessary to give validity to any act appropri- 
 ating public money ; and nine States had never been 
 
 ♦ " Oct. 30, 1782.— .\t reveille, on the 26th inst., the left wing of the 
 army, under the command of Gen. Heath, decamped from Verplanck's 
 Point and marched to the Highlands ; took up our lodgings in the woods, 
 without covering, and were exposed to a heavy rain during the night 
 and day. Thence we crossed the Hudson to West Point, and man-hed 
 over the mountain called Butter Hill ; passed the night in the open tield, 
 and the ne.\t day reached the ground where we are to erect log iuits for 
 our winter-tjuarters near New Windsor." — Tlutiher's Jtiurmi}, :i2:i. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Gano writes in his journal : " On my return to the army 
 we encamped at Newburgh (New Windsor), and erected some lints and 
 a place for public worsliip on thf Lord's day. We had three services a day 
 and preached in rotation." 
 
 The camp-ground at New Windsor can still be distinctly traced by the 
 rnins of the huts occupied by the soldiers. Part of the ground had prob- 
 ably been previously occupied by the New York militia. 
 
 j With the exception of the house occupied by Gen. Wayne, these 
 buildings are now standing. It may be of interest to add that the Life- 
 guard of Wiishington occupied tents where the old malt-house, on Lib- 
 erty Street, now stands. The store.honse of the commissary-geueral was 
 where the Union Presbyterian cliurch stands. 
 
260 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 I 
 
 in favor of the hiilf-piiy resolutions, lender these 
 circumstances, and considering the very .scanty sup- 
 plies that were furnished to the army, it was quite 
 natural that discontent should prevail. 
 
 Complaints were frequently made to Washington, 
 who was fully sensible of the sufferings of his com- 
 panions in arms, and the most earnest appeals w'ere 
 made by him to Congress to satisfy their claim ; but 
 Congress depended entirely on the States, and thus 
 was powerless to accomplish the end desired. The 
 army now resolved to take the matter into their own 
 hands, and Col. Nicola, an e.xperienced officer and a 
 gentleman of high character, was selected to commu- 
 nicate to Washington their wishes and fears. In May, 
 1782, Nicola addressed a letter to Washington, at 
 Newburgh, in which, after some general remarks on 
 the deplorable condition of the army, and the little 
 hope that their services would be rewarded by Con- 
 gress, he discussed the different forms of government 
 with a view to show that republics were, of all others, 
 the least stable, and the least adapted to secure the 
 rights, freedom, and power of individuals, and then 
 made a formal tender to Washington, on behalf of 
 those for whom he acted, of the title of king. " In 
 this case," says the writer, " it will, I believe, be un- 
 controverted that the same abilities that have led us 
 through difficulties apparently insurmountable by 
 human power to victor)' and glory, — those qualities 
 that have merited and obtained the universal esteem 
 and veneration of the army, — would be most likely to 
 conduct and direct us in the smoother paths of peace. 
 Some people have so associated the idea of tyranny 
 and monarchy as to find it difficult to separate them. 
 It may, therefore, be requisite to give the head of 
 such a constitution as I propose some title apparently 
 more moderate ; but, if all other things were once 
 adjusted, I believe strong arguments might be pro- 
 duced for admitting the title of King, which I con- 
 ceive would be attended with some advantage." 
 
 We are aware that it has been denied that this was 
 an ofl'erof the title of king, yet the whole tenor of the 
 letter leads to the opposite conclusion. That it was 
 so regarded by Washington is evident from his reply, 
 in which he says, " With a mixture of surprise and as- 
 tonishment I have read with attention the sentiments 
 you have submitted to my perusal. Be assured, sir, 
 no occurrence in the course of this war has given me 
 more painful sensations than your information of 
 there being such ideas existing in the army as you 
 have expressed, and which I must view with abhor- 
 rence and reprehend with severity. For the present 
 the consideration of them will rest in my own bosom, 
 unless some further agitation of the matter shall make 
 a disclosure necessary. I am much at a loss to con- 
 ceive what part of my conduct could have given en- 
 couragement to an address which seems to me big 
 with the greatest mischiefs that can be,fall my country. 
 If I am not deceived in the knowledge of myself, you 
 could not have found a person to whom your schemes 
 
 are more disagreeable. At the same time, in justice 
 to my own feelings, I must add, that no man possesses 
 a more serious wish to see ample justice done to the 
 army than I do ; and, as far as my power and influ- 
 ence, in a constitutional way, extend, they shall be 
 employed, to the utmost of my abilities, to effect it, 
 should there be any occasion. Let me conjure you, 
 then, if you have an}' regard for your country, con- 
 cern for yourself or posterity, or respect for me, to 
 banish these thoughts from your mind, and never 
 communicate, as from yourself, or any one else, a sen- 
 timent of the like nature."* 
 
 This rebuke effectually checked monarchical tenden- 
 cies, but it did not remove the evils under which the 
 army suffered ; on the contrary, the grounds of dis- 
 content continued rather to increase. Congress pro- 
 posed to reduce the army, and to discharge many of 
 the officers. Washington, fearing the result of the 
 mea.sure, urged the compensation of the officers and 
 men. " When I see," he adds, " such a number of 
 men, goaded by a thousand stings of reflection on the 
 past, and of anticipation on the future, about to be 
 turned into the world, soured by penury, and what 
 they call the ingratitude of the public; involved in 
 debts, without one farthing of money to carry them 
 home, after having spent the flower of their days, and, 
 many of them, their patrimonies, in establishing the 
 freedom and independence of their country ; and 
 having sufl'ered everj'thing which human nature is 
 capable of enduring on this side death ; I repeat it, 
 when I reflect on these irritable circumstances, un- 
 attended by one thing to soothe their feelings or 
 brighten their prospects, I cannot avoid apprehend- 
 ing that a train of evils will follow of a serious and 
 distressing nature. . . . You may rely upon it, the 
 patience and long-suffering of this army are almost 
 exhausted, and there never was so great a spirit of 
 discontent as at this instant." This letter explains 
 fully the situation and motives of the army, and the 
 power of the restraining influence of Washington. 
 
 The negotiations for peace were now in the hands 
 of commissioners; and, in view of the speedy dissulu- 
 tion of the army, the officers determined upon one 
 more effort to secure that which they claimed as their 
 right. Previous to going into winter-quarters (De- 
 cember, 17S2), they presented a petition to Congress, 
 proposing to accept, instead of the money actually 
 due to them, a commutation of the half-pay stipu- 
 lated by the resolutions of October, 1780, which, they 
 flattered themselves, would be less objectionable than 
 the half-pay establishment. Some .security that the 
 engagements of the government would be complied 
 with was also requested. But in consequence of tlie 
 divisions in Congre.ss upon other subjects, the im]>or- 
 tant point in this petition — the commutation of tlie 
 half-pay of the officers — remained undecided in March, 
 when intelligence was received of the signature of the 
 
 * Sparks' ■Washington, viii. 300, 302. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 261 
 
 preliminary and final articles of peace between the 
 
 United States and Great Britain. Soured by their 
 past sufferings, their present wants, and their gloomy 
 prospects ; and exasperated by the neglect with which 
 they believed themselves to be treated, and by the in- 
 justice that they supposed was meditated against them, 
 tlie ill temper of the army was almost universal, and 
 seemed to require only a slight breath to cause it to 
 Inirst forth into a flame. 
 
 Early in JIarch a letter was received from the com- 
 mittee in attendance upon the session of Congress, 
 stating that they had failed to accomplish the object 
 of their mission. On the 10th of the same month an 
 anonymous paper was circulated, requesting a meet- 
 ing of the general and field officers at the public build- 
 ing'^ on the succeeding day ; and stating that an officer 
 from each company, and also a delegate from the 
 medical staff, would be expected. The object of the 
 convention was avowed to be " to consider the late 
 letter from their representatives in Philadelphia, and 
 what measures (if any) should be adopted to obtain 
 that redress of grievances which they seemed to have 
 solicited in vain." 
 
 On the same day an address to the army was cir- 
 culated, admirably adapted to work on the passions 
 and to excite the most desperate resolutions. In this 
 paper the writer reviewed the services of the army, — 
 the toils and privations that had been encountered in 
 securing the independence of the States ; adverted to 
 the injustice with which the army had been treated, 
 and urged the necessity of some decisive action. " I 
 would advise you. therefore," he concluded, " to come 
 to some final opinion upon what you can bear, and 
 what you will suffer. If your determination be in any 
 proportion to your wrongs, carry your appeal from the 
 justice to the fears of government. Change the milk- 
 and-water style of your last memorial, — assume a 
 bolder tone, — decent, but lively, spirited, and deter- 
 mined, and suspect the man who would advise to more 
 moderation and longer forbearance. Let two or three 
 men who can feel as well as write be appointed to 
 draw up your last remonstrance ; for I would no longer 
 give it the sueing, soft, unsuccessful epithet of memo- 
 rial. Let it be represented, in language that will 
 neither dishonor you by its rudeness, nor betray you 
 by its fears, what has been promised by Congress and 
 what has been performed, — how long and patiently 
 you have suffered, how little you have asked, and how 
 much of that little has been denied. Tell them that, 
 though you were the first, you would wish to be the 
 last to encounter danger, and though despair itself 
 can never drive you into dishonor, it may drive you 
 from the field; that the wound often irritated and 
 
 ♦The "public building*^ here referred to was sometimes called the 
 "new building" and "the Temple." The title of "new buildiiifr" is 
 understood to have been used to distinguish it from a building wliicli 
 had been erected in tiie early part of the war in connection Willi the bar- 
 racks of the militia of the district. It Was situated on wliat is now th« 
 farm of Mr. William McGill, in New Wind.sor, and was used for public 
 assemblies. (See History of New Windsor.) 
 
 never healed may at length become incurable; and 
 
 that the slightest mark of indignity from Congress 
 now must operate like the grave and part you forever; 
 that in any political event the army has its alterna- 
 tive. If peace, that nothing shall separate you from 
 your arms but death ; if war, that, courting the au- 
 spices and inviting the directions of your illustrious 
 leader, you will retire to some un.settled country, smile 
 in your turn, and ' mock when their fear cometh on.' 
 But let it represent, also, that should they comply 
 with the request of your late memorial, it would make 
 you more happy and them more respectable ; that 
 while war should continue, you would follow their 
 standard into the field, and when it came to an end, 
 you would withdraw into the shade of private life, 
 and give the world another subject of wonder and 
 applause; an army victorious over its enemies, — vic- 
 torious over itself." 
 
 Persuaded as the officers generally were of the in- 
 disposition of the government to remunerate their 
 services, this passionate address made a profound im- 
 pression ; and nothing seemed wanting but the assem- 
 blage fixed for the succeeding day to produce the most 
 disastrous results. " Fortunately," says Marshall, 
 " the commander-in-chief was in camp ; and his char- 
 acteristic firmness did not forsake him in this crisis. 
 The occasion required that his measures should be 
 firm, but prudent and conciliatory; evincive of his 
 fixed determination to oppose any rash proceedings, 
 but calculated to assuage the irritation which was 
 excited and to restore a confidence in government." 
 This course he at once adopted ; and in the general 
 orders of the next day he noticed the anonymous 
 paper, and expressed the conviction he felt that the 
 good sense of the officers would guard them against 
 paying any " attention to such an irregular invita- 
 tion ;" but his own duty, he conceived, " as well as the 
 reputation and true interests of the army, required 
 his disapprobation of such disorderly proceedings. 
 At the same time, he requested the general and field 
 officers, with one officer from each company, and a 
 proper representation from the staff of the army, to 
 assemble at twelve o'clock, on Saturday, the 15th 
 March, at the New Building, to hear the report of the 
 committee deputed by the army to Congress. After 
 mature deliberation, they will devise what further 
 measures ought to be adopted as most rational and 
 \ best calculated to attain the just and important object 
 in view." 
 
 These orders changed the whole aspect of affairs 
 and the meeting called by the anonymous writer was 
 not held. By a master-policy Washington had placed 
 I him.self, as it were, at the head of the movement for 
 j redress, and had appointed in regular form a time 
 and place of meeting. On the day succeeding the pub- 
 lication of these orders a second anonymous address 
 made its appearance, from the same pen which had 
 written the former, in which the writer affected to 
 consider the orders in a light favorable to his views. 
 
2(J-2 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 "Until now," said he, "the commander-in-chief has 
 regarded the steps you have taken for redress with 
 good wishes alone ; his ostensible silence has author- 
 ized your meetings, and his private opinion has sanc- 
 tioned your claims. Had he disliked the object in 
 view, would not the same sense of duty which forbade 
 you from meeting on the third day of the week have 
 forbidden you from meeting on the seventh?"* 
 
 On the loth, the convention of officers assembled at 
 the New Building, and Gen. Gates took the chair. 
 There was a full attendance of officers ; and deep 
 solemnity pervaded the assembly as the commander- 
 in-chief stepped upon the platform to read an ad- 
 dress that he had prepared for the occasion. Amid 
 the most profound attention Washington commenced 
 reading : " Gentlemex : By an anonymous sum- 
 mons an attempt has been made to convene you 
 together. How inconsistent with the rules of pro- 
 priety, how unmilitary, and how subversive of all 
 order and discipline, let the good sense of the army 
 decide." Pausing for a moment, he drew out his 
 spectacles, carefully wiped and adjusted them, and 
 while doing so remarked, " These eyes, my friends, 
 have grown dim, and these locks white in the service; 
 yet I have never doubted the justice of my country."! 
 The efi'ect was electrical. The whole scene, when 
 we consider the time, the place, the man, the object 
 of the convention, was liardl)' surpassed in interest 
 by any other event of those eventful days. 
 
 Resuming his address, Washington exhibited the 
 anonymous letters as " designed to answer the most 
 insidious purposes," while their ostensible object was 
 simply to secure the redress of grievances. He then 
 noticed more particularly the remedies proposed in 
 the letters for the assumed injustice of Congress. 
 The alternative presented, said he, of " either desert- 
 ing our country in the extremest hour of her distress, 
 or turning our arms against it, which is the apparent 
 object, unless Congress can be compelled into instant 
 compliance, has something so shocking in it that 
 humanity revolts at the idea. My God ! what can 
 this writer have in view by recommending such 
 measures? can he be a friend of the army? can he be 
 a friend to his country? rather is he not the insidious 
 foe plotting the ruin of both, by sowing the seeds of 
 discord and separation between the civil and military 
 powers of the continent." 
 
 *The writer of these letters was Major John .\rmstrorig, at that time 
 a young man of twenty-six, and aide-de-camp to Maj.-Gen. Gates. Some 
 years after the letters were written, Armstrong acknowledged their au- 
 tliorship; but insisted that they were written "at tlie solicitation of 
 friends, as the chosen organ to express the sentiments of the officers of the 
 army, and were only an honest and manly though perhaps an indiscreet 
 endeavor to support puhlic ci'edit, and do justice to a patient, long-snffer- 
 iug. and gallant army." Although entertaining a different opinion at 
 the time tlie letters appeared, Washington, in 17'J7, writes: "I have since 
 liad sufficient reason for believing that the object of the author was just, 
 honorable, and friendly to our country, tliongh the means suggested by 
 liim were certainly liable to much niisnnderstanUing and abuse. " — SparW 
 Life of Waslihi'jton. 
 
 t .\m. Bio. Diet., 827. Irving'e Washington, iv. 
 
 He then explained what appeared to him to be the 
 
 cause of delay in the action of Congress, pledged 
 himself to exert whatever abilities he possessed in 
 order to. obtain the demands of the army; and as- 
 sured them that, previous to their dissolution as an 
 army. Congress would cause all their accounts to be 
 fairly liquidated, and that they would " adopt the 
 most effectual measures in their power" to render 
 ample justice to the army "for its faithful and meri- 
 torious services." 
 
 Concluding with a direct appeal to those present, 
 he exclaimed, " Let me conjure you in the name of 
 our common country, as you respect the rights of 
 humanity, and as you regard the military and na- 
 tional character of America, to express your utmost 
 horror and detestation of the man who wishes, under 
 any specious pretences, to overturn the liberties of 
 our country ; and who wickedly attempts to open the 
 flood-gates of civil discord, and deluge our rising 
 empire in blood. By thus determining and acting, 
 you will pursue the plain and direct road to the attain- 
 ment of your wishes; you will defeat the insidious 
 designs of our enemies, who are compelled to resort 
 from open force to secret artifice; you will give one 
 more distinguished proof of unexampled patriotism 
 and patient virtue rising superior to the pressure of 
 the most complicated sufferings ; and you will, by the 
 dignity of your conduct, afford occasion for posterity 
 to say, when speaking of the glorious example you 
 have exhibited to mankind, — had this day been wanf- 
 itif/, the world had never seen (he last stage of perfection 
 that human nature is capable of attainint/ .'" 
 
 These sentiments, says Marshall, from a person 
 whom they had been accustomed to love, to rever- 
 ence, and to obey; the solidity of whose judgment, 
 and the sincerity of whose zeal for their interests 
 were alike unquestioned, could n6t fail to be irresist- 
 ible. No sooner had the commander-in-chief with- 
 drawn from the room than Gen. Knox moved, and 
 Gen. Putnam seconded, a resolution tendering the 
 thanks of the convention to "His Excellency, and 
 a.ssuring him that the officers reciprocated his affec- 
 tionate expressions with the greatest sincerity of 
 which the human heart is capable." This resolution 
 was unanimously voted ; and, on motion of Gen. 
 Putnam, a committee, consisting of Gen. Knox, Col. 
 Brooks, and Capt. Plownrd, was appointed to prepare 
 resolutions on the business before the convention, 
 and report in half an hour. 
 
 The committee, after consultation, reported a series 
 of resolutions, which were passed unanimously. These 
 resolutions expressed unshaken confidence in the jus- 
 tice of Congress ; and that the representatives of 
 America would " not disband or disperse the army 
 until their accounts" were " liquidated, the balances 
 accurately ascertained, and adequate funds estab- 
 lished for payment ;" and that in this arrangement 
 the officers expected "that the half-pay, or commu- 
 tation for it, should be efficaciously comprehended." 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 263 
 
 It was further resolved, "' that the officers of the 
 American army view with abhorrence and reject with 
 disdain the infamous propositions contained in a late 
 anonymous address to the officers of the army, and re- 
 sent with indignation the secret attempts of some un- 
 known person to collect the officers together, in a man- 
 ner totally subversive of all discipline and good order." 
 
 The triumph of right was complete. The storm 
 which had threatened to overwhelm the infant re- 
 public was hushed. Washington immediately in- 
 closed to the president of Congress the proceedings, 
 accompanied by a letter in which he again urged 
 prompt attention to the subject. Not only did he 
 assume the entire Justice of the claims of the army; 
 but, for the tirst time in his history, he asked a jjer- 
 sonal favor of Congress. " Having," he wrote, " from 
 motives of justice, duty, and gratitude, spontaneously 
 oft'ered myself as an advocate for their rights, it now 
 only remains for me to perform the task I have as- 
 sumed, and to intercede in their behalf, as I now do, 
 that the sovereign power will be pleased to verify the 
 predictions I have pronounced of, and the confidence 
 the army have reposed in, the justice of their country." 
 
 Immediately on the reception of Washington's dis- 
 patches, Congress passed, with the concurrence of 
 nine States, the resolution commuting the half-pay 
 of the officers into a sum in gross equal to five years' 
 full pay ; and the result was received by the army 
 with great satisfaction. 
 
 Meanwhile the peace commissioners had concluded 
 their labors, so far as arranging the articles between 
 Great Britain and the United States was concerned ; 
 but the exchange of ratifications was contingent upon 
 a similar exchange between the contending European 
 powers. It was feared for some time that the obstacles 
 to a general pacification would not be overcome. These 
 fears, however, were entirely dispelled by a letter from 
 Lafayette, in March, announcing ageneral peace. In 
 Ajiril, official notification was received of the ex- 
 change of preliminary articles and the cessation of 
 hostilities, and the commander-in-chief announced 
 the joyful intelligence to the army in his orders of 
 April 18th. "The commander-in-chief," reads this 
 interesting paper, " orders the cessation of hostil- 
 ities between the United States of America and the 
 King of Great Britain to be publicly proclaimed 
 at the New Building tomorrow at twelve o'clock, 
 and that the proclamation which will be communi- 
 cated herewith be read to-morrow evening at the 
 head of every regiment and corps of the army ; after 
 which the chaplains, with the several brigades, will 
 render thanks to Almighty God for all his mercies, 
 particularly for his overruling the wrath of man to 
 his own glory, and causing the rage of war to cease 
 among the nations." 
 
 Although the proclamation referred to extended 
 only to the cessation of hostilities, yet it was regarded 
 as the sure precursor of an event to the accomplish- 
 ment of which had been devoted the toils and suffer- 
 
 ings of a long and doubtful contest ; and as the morn- 
 ing sun of the 19th tinged the mountain-tops it was 
 hailed with reverberating peals of rejoicing. In this 
 feeling Washington joined. "The commander-in- 
 chief," continues the orders, " far from endeavoring 
 to stifle the feelings of joy in his own bosom, otters 
 his most cordial congratulations on the occasion to all 
 the officers of every denomination, to all the troops 
 of the United States in general, and in particular to 
 those gallant and deserving men who have resolved 
 to defend the rights of their invaded country so long 
 as the war should continue, for these are th-e men who 
 ought to be considered as the pride and boast of the 
 American army, and who, crowned with well-earned 
 laurels, may soon withdraw from the field of glory to 
 the more tranquil walks of civil life. While the 
 general recollects the almost infinite variety of scenes 
 through which we have passed with a mixture of 
 pleasure, astonishment, and gratitude, — while he con- 
 templates the prospect before him with rapture, — he 
 cannot help wishing that all the brave men, of what- 
 ever condition they may be, who have shared in the 
 toils and dangers of effecting this glorious revolution, 
 of rescuing millions from the hand of oppression, and 
 of laying the foundation of a great empire, might be 
 impressed with a proper idea of the dignified part 
 they have been called to act, under the smiles of 
 Providence, on the stage of human affairs; for happy, 
 thrice happy, shall they be jjronounced hereafter who 
 have contributed anything, who have performed the 
 meanest office in erecting this stupendous fabric of 
 Freedom and Empire on the broad basis of independ- 
 ency ; who have assisted in protecting the rights of 
 human nature, and establishing an asylum for the 
 poor and oppressed of all nations and religions." . . . 
 " The adjutant-general will have such working parties 
 detailed to assist in the preparations for a general re- 
 joicing as the chief engineer, with the army, shall call 
 for, and the quartermaster-general will also furnish 
 .such materials as he may want." 
 
 The details of the "general rejoicing" at New- 
 burgh, New Windsor, and other points of encamp- 
 ment, on the, 19th of April, 1788, have not been 
 preserved. The order of Washington, and the notes 
 by Thacher and Heath,* indicate, however, that it 
 was conducted with the most imposing military and 
 civil ceremonies; that, as had been done on a former 
 occasion, t the army lined the banks on both sides of 
 
 * "April 19, 17.S3. — At noon the proftnmation of CongregB fertile cessa- 
 tion of hostilities was proclaimed at the door of the new building, fol- 
 lowed Iiy three huzzas; after which a prayer was made by th»* Rev, Mr. 
 Gano, and an anthem '' Independence,' from Hillings) was performed by 
 vocal and instrumental music." — Ht'itit'" Mr\noiis, .'171. 
 
 "April 10, 178:'.— On the completion of eight years from the memor- 
 able battle of Lexington, the proclamation of Congress for a cessation of 
 hostilities was published at the door of the public bunding, followed by 
 three huzzas; after which a prayer was oft'ered to the Almighty Ruler of 
 the world by the Rev, Mr, Gano, and an an them wa.s peiformed by voices 
 and instruments." — Thacher's JouriMl, .'144, 
 
 fThe celebration of the birth of tlie dauphiii. Tradition affirms that 
 the army exercises were the same on both occasions. 
 
204 
 
 HISTORY OF OKANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 the river, with burnished arms and proudly floating 
 banners, and at a given signid paused and presented 
 arms. The pealing of thirteen guns from West Point 
 now awoke the echoes of the hills, and was followed 
 by :i/eu-de-joie which rolled along the lines from West 
 Point to the utmost limits of the camp. The " thrill- 
 ing fife-note and drum's heart-kindling beat" then 
 called the hosts of freedom to the assembly, where 
 patriot knees bent low in prayer with Chaplain Gano, 
 and at its conclusion voices and instruments joined in 
 Billings' anthem, " Independence." 
 
 These services concluded, the army returned to 
 quarters and united in festivities suited to the occa- 
 sion. As the day closed, the signal-guns from West 
 Point again called the soldiers to arms, aud the feu-de- 
 Jiiie again rang along the line. This was three times 
 repeated, accompanied by the discharge of cannon, 
 ■"and the mountain sides resounded and echoed like 
 tremendous peals of thunder, and the flashing from 
 thousands of fire-arms in the darkness of evening was 
 like unto vivid flashings of lightning from the clouds." 
 Then the beacons on the hill-tops, no longer the har- 
 bingers of danger, lighted up the gloom and rolled 
 the tidings of peace on through New England, and 
 shed their radiance on the blood-stained field of 
 Lexington. 
 
 Released in a great measure from the cares and 
 anxieties which had so long pressed heavily upon the 
 commander-in-chief and the army, the discipline of 
 the camp was relaxed ; officers and men desiring them 
 were granted furlouglis, while the facilities for social 
 intercourse were improved to the fullest extent by 
 those who remained in camp. Entertainment.s were 
 given by all the principal officers; at headquarters 
 Mrs. Washington was surrounded by all the court of 
 the camp. In the reception and dining-hall a dinner 
 and supper were daily served as plentiful as the coun- 
 try could supply and as good as could be made by 
 Continental cooks. The repast ended, French wines 
 for our French allies and those who affected their 
 tastes, and more substantial Madeira for Americans 
 of the old school, circulated freely, and were served 
 with little silver inugs, or goblets, made in France for 
 Washington's camp equipage. In the summer time, 
 the guests soon withdrew from the table to the open 
 grounds; but in the autumn, the long evenings were 
 frequently passed around the table, beside the blazing 
 fire. On such occasions apples and hickoi-y-nuts 
 mingled with the wine, and the amazing consumption 
 of the former by Washington and his staff was a 
 theme of boundless wonder to the French guests.* 
 
 *Verplauck relates the following anecdote, iu connection with this 
 Bubject, as occuning in Paris: "The American minister (we forget 
 whether it was Mr. Crawford, Mr. Brown, or one of their successore) and 
 several of his countrymen, together with Lafa.vette, were invited to an 
 entertainment at the liouse of a Jislitiguished and patriotic Frenchman, 
 who had served his conntry in his youth in the United States, duiingthe 
 war of our independence. At the supjier hour the company were shown 
 into a room fitted up tor the occasion, which contr.-xjited quite oddly with 
 the Parisian elegance of the other apartments, where they had spent the 
 
 In July, accompanied by Governor Clinton, Wash- 
 ington made the tour of northern New York, and 
 discussed the question of improvements in internal 
 navigation. On his return he was requested, by the 
 president of Congress, to attend the session of that 
 body at Princeton. In consequence of the illness of 
 Mrs. Washington, however, he could not comply with 
 the request until the ISth of August, on the morning 
 of which day he took his final departure from New- 
 burgli. 
 
 The definite treaty of peace was signed on the 23d 
 of September. After its ratification by Congress, that 
 body issued a proclamation (October 18th ),t by which 
 " that part of the army which had stood engaged to 
 serve during the war, and by several acts of Congress 
 had been furloughed, should be absolutely discharged 
 after the 3d of November from said service; and the 
 further service in the field of the officers on furlougli 
 dispensed with, and jjermission given to them to retire 
 from service, no more to be called to command."* 
 On the passage of this proclamation, Washington, 
 then at Rocky Hill, N. J., prepared his "Farewell 
 Orders to the Array of the United States," which 
 were dated in advance of their delivery (November 
 3d), that they might be read at the same hour at all 
 the points of encampment. In these orders he briefly 
 reviewed the events of the j-iast, and suggested the 
 general line of policy which, in his opinion, should 
 be pursued by the army in the future; promising his 
 recommendations to Congress in its behalf, and in- 
 voking " the choicest of Heaven's favors" upon all 
 its members, whose efforts had secured " innumerable 
 blessings for others I" — with this benediction drawing 
 the curtain of separation and closing the military 
 scene to him forever. 
 
 On the morning of Nov. 3, 1783, the patriot army 
 assembled for the last time. At the head of each 
 regiment and corps the proclamation of Congress and 
 the farewell orders of Washington were read, and the 
 formal and last word of command passed along the 
 
 evening. A low, boarded, painted ceiling, with large beams; a single, 
 
 smaH, uncnrbtined w indow, with numerous small doors, as well as the 
 general style of the whole, gave at first the idea of the kitchen or largest 
 room of a I>ntch or Belgian farm-house. On a long rough table was a re- 
 past just as little in keeping with the retined kitchen of Paris as the 
 room was with its architecture. It consisted of large dishes of meat, un- 
 
 1 couth-looking pastry, and wine in decanters and bottles, accompanied by 
 
 ' glasses and silver mugs, such as indicated other habits and tastes than 
 those of moiiern Paris. ' Do you know where we are ?' said the host to 
 Gen. Lafayette and his companions. They paused for a few moments in 
 suspense. They had seen simiething like this before, but when aud 
 where? * Ah, the seven doors and one window,' said Lafayette, and 
 
 i the silver camp-goblets, such as our marshals of France used in my 
 youth ! We are at Washington's headquarters on the Hudson, fifty 
 
 I years ago.' " 
 
 t By a proclamation of Congress, adopted October 18th, all officers and 
 soldiers absent on furlough were discharged from further seivice ; and all 
 others who had engaged to serve during the war were to be discharged 
 from aud after the 3d of November. A small force only, composed of 
 tliose who had enlisted for a definite period, were to be retained in ser^ 
 vice until the peace establishment should bo organized.— /rrinj, iv. 434. 
 t When the army was disbanded, Washington was at West Point, mov- 
 ing from thence to New York on the evacuation of that city by the Brit- 
 ish, Kov. 25, 1783. 
 
NEVVBURGH. 
 
 265 
 
 lines. "Painful," says Thacher, "was the parting 
 
 scene; no description can be adequate to the tragic 
 exhibition. Both officers and soldiers, long unaccus- 
 tomed to the attairs of private life, turned loose on 
 the world to starve and become a prey to vulture 
 speculators. Never can that melancholy day be for- 
 gotten when friends, companions for seven long years 
 in joy and sorrow, were torn asunder, without the 
 hope of ever meeting again, and with prospects of a 
 miserable subsistence in future."* 
 
 Maj. North, who was also a participant in this part- 
 ing scene, thus writes : " At the disbandment of the 
 Revolutionary army, when inmates of the same tent 
 or hut for seven long years were separating, and 
 probably forever, grasping each other's hand in silent 
 agony, I saw the Baron Steuben's strong endeavors to 
 throw some ray of sunshine on the gloom, — to mix 
 some drop of cordial with the painful draught. To 
 go, they knew not whither ; all recollection of the art 
 to thrive by civil occupation lost, or to the youthful 
 never known. This hard-earned military knowledge, 
 worse than useless ; and with their badge t of brother- 
 hood a mark at which to point the finger of suspicion 
 — ignoble, vile suspicion ! — to be cast out on a world 
 long since by them forgotten. .Severed from friends, 
 and all the joys and griefs which soldiers feel ! Griefs, 
 while hope remained — when shared by numbers, al- 
 most joys I To go in silence and alone, and poor and 
 hopeless ; it was too hard I On that sad day how 
 many hearts were wrung ! I saw it all, nor will the 
 scene be ever blurred or blotted from my view. To a 
 stern old officer, Lieut.-Col. Cochran, J from the Green 
 Mountains, who had met danger and difficulty almost 
 at every step from his youth, and from whose furrowed 
 visage a tear till that moment had never fallen, the 
 good baron said what could be said to lessen deep 
 distress. ' For myself,' said Cochran, ' I care not ; I 
 
 » Thatcher's JoiiiDal, 346. There were but few troops at Newburgh 
 or New Windsor at this lime, those wlio had not been furluughed having 
 been removed to West Poiut. The description Ijy Tliacher is of the 
 scenes at the latter place, and of wliicli Waaiiiligton was also a witness. 
 
 t " Headqiartees, Newbcegh, Wednesday, .\ug. 7, 1782.— Honorary 
 badges of distinction are to be conferredou the veteran non-commissioned 
 otBcers and soldiers of the army who have served more than three years 
 with bravery, fidelity, and good conduct : for this purjiosc a narrow piece 
 of white cloth of an angular form is to be fixed to the left arm on the 
 uniformed coats ; non-commissioned officers and soldiei-s who have served 
 with equal reputation more than six years are to be distinguished by two 
 pteces of cloth set in parallel to each other in a similar form. Should 
 any who are not entitled to these honors have the insolence to assume 
 the badges of them, they shall be severely punished. On the other hand, 
 it is expected those gallant men who are thus designated will on all 
 occasions be treated witli particular confidence and consideration. The 
 general, ever desirous to cherish a virtuous ambition in his soldiers, as 
 well as to foster and encourage every species of military merit, directs 
 that whenever any singularly raeritorions action is performed, the author 
 of it shall be permitted to wear on his facings over the left breast the fig- 
 ure of a heart in purple cloth or silk, edged with narrow lace or binding. 
 Not only instances of unusual gallantry, but also of extraordinary fidel- 
 ity and essential service in any way shall meet with due reward. . . . 
 This order is also to have retrospect to the earliest stages of the war, and 
 to be considered as a permanent one." 
 
 t Robert Cochran, of C'uniherland County (now in Vermont), was com- 
 missioned major of Third New York Battalion, Nov.21, 1770; lieutenant- 
 colonel of Second New York, July 1, 1780. 
 
 18 
 
 can stand it ; but my wife and daughters are in the 
 garret of that wretched tavern. I know not where to 
 remove, nor have I means for their removal !' ' Come, 
 my friend,' .said the baron, ' let us go; I will pay my 
 respects to Mrs. Cochran and your daughters, if you 
 please.' I followed to the loft, and when the baron 
 left the poor, unhappy castaways, he left hope with 
 them, and all he had to give! A black man, with 
 wounds unhealed, wept on the wharf; there was a 
 vessel in the stream bound to the place where he once 
 had friends. He had not a dollar to pay his passage, 
 and without it the vessel would not take him. Unused 
 to tears, I saw them trickle down the good baron's 
 cheeks as he put into the hands of the black man the 
 last dollar he possessed. The negro hailed the sloop, 
 and as he passed from the small boat on board, ' God 
 Almighty bless you, master baron I' floated from his 
 grateful lips across the parting waters." 
 
 SUBSEQUENT GENERAL HISTORY. 
 Amid these tragic scenes, the scanty record of which 
 is so touching, the army of the Revolution passed 
 away, and the new era of national independence was 
 ushered in. The poverty of the departing soldiers 
 scarcely exceeded that of the people of Newburgh. 
 Money they had in abundance, but it was almost 
 worthless ; lands they had, but not the means for their 
 successful cultivation ; business they had none, — they 
 were very poor; so poor indeed that in 1785 they pe- 
 titioned the Legislature for relief, reciting in their 
 memorial : " That by reason of the necessary supplies 
 which we have afforded for the support of the late 
 war, as likewise from the depreciation of paper cur- 
 rency, and the unavoidable losses incident to the said 
 war, added to the large quantity of personal service, 
 which rendered it imjiossible for us to cultivate our 
 farms as usual, we are become so impoverished that 
 
 i we are unable to pay our just debts, and, through the 
 scarcity of specie, we are unable upon the credit of 
 our lands to hire money for the purpo.se aforesaid ; 
 the frequent and many lawsuits in justices' and other 
 courts, the enormous costs that accrues on small debts, 
 issuing executions, taking effects and selling the same 
 
 : for not near the value, oppresses and reduces many 
 poor families to the want of the necessaries of life, 
 that nothing remains to us in prospect but unavoid- 
 able ruin, unless we are relieved by the wisdom of the 
 Legislature."^ But though poor, it had a vigorous 
 
 ; population, which had been increased in number by 
 refugees from New York, who had been compelled to 
 remove from that city on its occupation by the British 
 forces in 1776, and whose property there had been 
 
 g This petition is dated Feb. 10, 178.>, and is one of two petitions from 
 the precinct " of one tenor and date." It is signed by sixty-eight per- 
 sons. It was this, and similar petitions from other places, that gave rise 
 to the law of .\pril 18, 1786, entitled "An act for emitting the sum of 
 two hundred thousand pounds in bills of credit," under which individ- 
 uals were enabled to obtain the bills which were issued by mortgage on 
 real estate. By this measure universal individual bankruptcy was 
 avoided, and the people enabled to resume their long-suspended business 
 avocations. The law expired in 1806. 
 
266 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 confiscated by the officers of the crown. Among these 
 persons, Adolph DeGrove, Derick Amerman, Daniel 
 Niven, and others became permanent residents after 
 the peace.* Besides these refugees, quite a large 
 number of persons who had been in the armj' took up 
 their residence in it, among whom were Maj. .Joseph 
 Pettingale, Maj. Phineas Bowman, Maj. Levi Dodge, 
 and others, who engaged in commercial and business 
 enterprises. Up to the commencement of the war, 
 New Windsor {through the Ellisons) had mainly ab- 
 sorbed the commercial business of the district, but the 
 shipment of stores to the army demonstrated that 
 Newburgh possessed much greater natural advantages 
 for commerce, besides being nearer the centre of popu- 
 lation. The opportunities for occupation and the 
 facilities for development were also greatly in favor 
 of Newburgh, having been much enlarged during the 
 war. The old " Town of Newburgh Plot," which had 
 been opened by the Coldens in 1743, was of limited 
 extent, and without easy access to the river, a fault 
 which had compelled Alexander Colden to buy the 
 southeast corner of the Kockerthal farm, through 
 which to sweep a winding road to his wharf at the 
 
 TOWSSHIP OF \VA;SHISGTOX. 
 
 streets designated by letters and (igiires. C, Colden's Dock 
 L, Cuntilieutal Dock and Ferry. 
 
 foot of First Street, and which had also compelled the 
 oflBcers of the Continental army to push the public or 
 Continental wharf, which they were obliged to estab- 
 lish, as far north as Tliird Street, where a considerable 
 village of hotels, l)arracks, and other buildings for 
 army use was established, for the accommodation of 
 which Mr. Benjamin Smith, in 1782, laid out in streets 
 and lots that portion of his (the Kockerthal) farm 
 lying east of Montgomery Street, between South and 
 First Streets. This plot, to which he gave the name 
 of" The Township of Washington," embraced seventy- 
 two lots, and Montgomery, Smith, and Water, and 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Streets from 
 Montgomery Street to the river.f These lots were 
 
 * The Clinton papers, in the State Library, contain the petitions of 
 these and other refugees, asking for the restoration of their confiscated 
 lands. Under the treaty of peace, however, restoration was not possible. 
 
 t The names of owners of lots entered on the first map of this plot are 
 •Tohn Anderson, Nos. 1 and 6; James Denton, No. 2; Mr. Menge, Nos. 3 
 and 13 ; E. C. Lutherloh, Nob. 4, 111, 11 , 23, 24, and 35 ; Jacob Reader, No. 6 ; 
 A Fairchild, Nos. 7 and 2IJ; Hugh Walsh, Nos. 8, 21, and 36; William 
 
 rapidly taken up, as well as adjoining plots on the 
 Glebe and in the township of Newburgh ; and from 
 the position of the lowest, in 1780, the precinct passed 
 to the fourth, in 1790, and, in a (juarter of a century, 
 to the first in rank of i>opulation. 
 
 But for some years the village was a disjointed set- 
 tlement. The three township plots of which it was 
 composed had no connection except through Liberty 
 Street and a few " cross-lot" roads. In 1790, however, 
 the streets which had been dedicated in the plots were 
 connected and opened by the road commissioners of 
 the town, under a general act of the Legislature, and 
 an order entered establishing "a street called Wagon 
 Street, running from the S. W. corner of Lot 31, on 
 Western Avenue, easterly on that avenue to the S. W. 
 corner of Lot 16 ; thence N. E. to N. AV. corner of Lot 
 9, in the Newburgh township ;t thence easterly until 
 it intersects AVater Street in the township of Wash- 
 ington. Also, a road beginning at the S. E. corner of 
 High Street, and running N. E. along that street to the 
 N. W. corner of Lot 19, in the township of Newburgh ; 
 thence N. E. to First Street in the township of Wash- 
 ington; thence across said street intersecting Smith 
 Street, and thence northerly to South 
 Street. Also, a street called Mont- 
 gomery Street in the township of 
 Washington, beginning at the S. E. 
 corner of a lot given by Benjamin 
 Smith for the use of the Presbyterian 
 congregation, and thence northerly 
 to South Street." Also, roads called 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and 
 Fifth Streets. Also, a road beginning 
 in the S. W. corner of Lot 1, in the 
 township of Washington, and run- 
 ning southerly across the lands of the 
 heirs of Richard Nicolls Colden in 
 a direct course to the end of Water 
 Street in the township of Newburgh, 
 between Lots 1 and 9. 
 
 This order, it will be seen, opened Water Street 
 from South Street to Western Avenue ; Colden or 
 Wagon Street from Water Street to Western Avenue; 
 
 Forbes, Nos. 9 and 22; Mr. Crosby, No. 12; \Vm. Quackenbush, Nos. 14 
 and 15; S. Clark, No. 16; B. Palmer, No. 17; William Thurston, No. 18; 
 Adolph DeGrove, No. 19. Tlie remaining lota were held by Mr. Smith, 
 and the streets conveyed by him to the public by deed. This deed and 
 the map of the plot are still preserved. 
 
 J Old Town of Newburgh Plot. The peculiar angles in all of the prin- 
 cipal streets arose from this fact : Colden and his associates, in laying out 
 the Old Town of Newburgli Plot, commenced their streets on the natural 
 plateaus. The trustees of the Glebe laid out their streets parallel with 
 the river. When Smith came to open his land, Water Street was placed 
 nearer the river, and a corresponding division carried back in Smith and 
 Montgomery Streets. When the road commissioners took the duly in 
 hand of joining together the streets thus dedicated iu the three distinct 
 original divisions of the present city, an angle was formed in Water Street 
 at the junction with Wagon (now north end of Colden) and with South 
 Street; and also at the junction of High and Smith Streets and of JSIont- 
 gomery and Hasbrouck Streets. The angle is necessarily followed in 
 Grand Street, and mars Chambers and other streets more recently opened. 
 The citizens of Newburgh thus have a perpetual memorial of the " Town- 
 ship of Newburgh," the " Township of Washington," and of the " Glebe." 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 267 
 
 High Street; Smith Street ; Montgomery Street ; and 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Streets, the 
 latter t'roni the river to Montgomery Street. Wagon 
 Street intersected tlie" Wallkill road," as it was called. 
 The streets on the Glebe were, in the main, easily con- 
 nected. South Street, the dividing line, originally laid 
 out directly west to the west bounds of the patent, was 
 first opened from Liberty Street to the river; west of 
 Liberty Street its course was subsequently changed* 
 and what is Cxidney Avenue formed. North Street 
 was also ojiened from Liberty Street to the river. 
 Such, with the addition of Liberty Street, already 
 noticed, were the opened streets of the present city 
 of Newburgh in 179L 
 
 Tlie precinct of Newburgh continued to be recog- 
 nized by that name until 1788, when, by an act of the 
 Legislature " for dividing the counties of the State 
 into towns," passed March 7th of that year, the title 
 of "precinct" gave place to that of "town." The 
 boundaries, however, remained unchanged, and as 
 they at present exist. 
 
 The history of the Glebe has been brought down to 
 the period of the Eevolution. The Rev. John Sayer, 
 the successor of Mr. ^V^1tkins, resigned the charge in 
 1775, and during the war the church had no minister. 
 The school, however, was continued by Mr. John Na- 
 than Hutchius,t who, in addition to his duties as 
 teacher, read prayers in the old cliurch on the Sab- 
 bath. On the death of Mr. Hutchins, in 1782, Mr. 
 Ricliard King was .selected as teacher ; and in 1790, 
 the Rev. George H. Spierin performed the duties of 
 minister and schoolmaster. Changes had also oc- 
 curred in the trustees. Mr. Alexander Golden died 
 in 1775, and his place had been filled liy Isaac Belknap ; 
 and on the death of Mr. Albertson, Mr. Henry Smith 
 was elected his successor. 
 
 It was during the year 1790 that the discussions com- 
 menced which subsequently terminated the control 
 of the Episcopal Church over the Glebe. In June 
 of that year. Col. Cadwallader Golden was elected 
 trustee, t to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death 
 of Henry Smith ; and almost immediately after his 
 election those ojjposed to the church raised the ques- 
 tion of his eligibility, he being a non-resident although 
 a freeholder on the patent. To meet the difficulty, 
 Golden proposed an amendment of the charter so as 
 to permit the election as trustees of persons residing 
 
 * Minutes of trustees uf Glebe, Sept. 22, 1191.— " Whereas, there is a 
 vacancy of eiglit rods left on tlie south side of the minister's lot for a 
 street, which, running through wet ground and over a high hill, is im- 
 practicable, — agreed, to enclose said road, and allow a road of four rods 
 wide to run through (he lot from opposite Martin W^eigaud's to the 
 northward of a piece of swamp land adjoining said high hills." 
 
 t Tlie fact here stated is from a manuscript found among the papers of 
 Isaac Belknap. The paper recites that, owing to the scarcity of money 
 and other difficulties in collecting the Glebe rents, Mr. Hutcliins' salary 
 bad not been fully paid, there being due him at the time of hie death the 
 sum of eighty-two pounds one shilling and si.\pence. 
 
 X Juue 4, 1790.— Col. Cadwallader Col den elected trustee. Tliirty-si.t 
 votes wore cast, thirty of which were for Colden, and six for Isaac Has- 
 brouck. — Minutes. 
 
 within twelve miles of the patent who were freeholders 
 thereon ; and the trustees adopted a petition to the 
 Legislature to that effect. 
 
 The opponents of the church immediately drew up 
 a counter-petition, asking the Legislature " that no 
 act relative to the premises be passed until the col- 
 lected sense of the parish he taken." This petition, 
 or remonstrance, was very numerously signed, and 
 led to the calling of a meeting, by the trustees, to take 
 the whole subject into consideration. The call was 
 issued on the 7th, and the meeting held on the 10th 
 of February, at the house of Martin Weigand, at 2 
 o'clock P.M. The inhabitants of the patent, regarding 
 the affair as an attempt on the part of the church to 
 divert the revenues of the Glebe from the support of 
 a school to which they had been wholly applied since 
 1775, were thoroughly aroused and attended the 
 meeting in large numbers. After a turbulent discus- 
 sion of considerable length, the proposition to amend 
 the charter was rejected.^ 
 
 The result of this meeting led to, in May following, 
 the resignation of Colden as trustee, and of Spierin as 
 schoolmaster.|[ Colden's resignation was accepted; 
 and, on the 16th May, Isaac Hasbrouck was elected 
 his successor, having received fifty-one votes and Wil- 
 liam Seymour sixteen. The resignation of Spierin 
 produced no other action than a resolution to divide 
 the income of the Glebe equally as compensation for 
 the duties of minister and schoolmaster respectively, 
 until the 28th of May, when the trustees conferred 
 with Spierin on the subject, and obtained his consent 
 to be inducted.^ 
 
 Mr. Spierin continued to serve as minister and 
 schoolmaster until 179.3 or '94. Meanwhile the sub- 
 ject of the disposal of the revenues of the Glebe was 
 more or less discussed. The membership of the Epis- 
 copal Church had dwindled away until very few of 
 that denomination remained ; and the inhabitants 
 belonging to other churches, as well as those who 
 were opposed on principle to even an inferential 
 association of the church with the conduct of the 
 public schools, renewed their efforts to get the reve- 
 nues exclusively applied to the support of a school- 
 master. The old trustees insisted upon maintaining 
 
 g Feb. 10, 1791 . — A motion wafl then made and seconded, whether there 
 shall be an alteration of the charter or not. After some debate upon the 
 question, it was agreed that the sense of the people should be taken by 
 ballot, and was carried in favor of those against the alteration by a ma- 
 jority of thirty-four. — Minutes. 
 
 II May :i, 1791. — The trustees met at the house of Martin Weigand, and 
 being opened. Col. Colden observed that upon consideration of the diffi- 
 culties that seemed to attend the trusteeship since he was elected, and in 
 all probability were likely to be continued, it appeared that the inhabi- 
 tants of said patent were very much divided ; and therefore concluded 
 that it might tend to restore peace and harmony among them, and so be 
 for the public good of the parish, for him to resign his office as trustee, 
 and accordingly lie delivered his resignation. The Rev. Mr. Spierin pro- 
 posed not to have anything to do with the Glebe school any further, 
 which the trustees agreed to. Agreed also, by said trustees, that the 
 income of the Glebe lands be equally divided between Mr. Spierin and 
 the schoolmaster. — Minutes. 
 
 X Minutes, May 28, 1791. 
 
268 
 
 HISTOllY OF OKANGE COUNTY, NEW YOKK. 
 
 their agreement with Mr. Spierin ; and, having no 
 other alternative, the people held a meeting and 
 elected William Seymour and Phineas Howell trus- 
 tees, and voted that the Glebe rents should be paid to 
 them. This action led to a compromise, in virtue of 
 which both the old and the new trustees resigned 
 their places, and Timothy Hudson and Phineas 
 Howell were chosen their successors.* 
 
 In this way the revenues of the Glebe passed from 
 the control of the Episcopal Church. History repeated 
 itself. The very means — the elective franchise con- 
 ferred on the inhabitants by the charter — which the 
 Episcopalians had employed to wrest the privileges of 
 the patent from the Lutherans, had been successfully 
 used for their own overthrow in the hour of similar 
 numerical weakness. The Glebe passed wholly into 
 the hands of the people, and its limited liut useful sys- 
 tem of free education was divested of sectarian control. 
 
 The concluding years of the century were marked 
 by the formal incorporation of the Presbyterian and 
 the Associate Kefornied Churches, and by the estab- 
 lishment of the Newburgh Academy. An attempt 
 had been made to organize the latter institution in 
 1791, and for that purpose; authority was asked from 
 the Legislature to establish a lottery, — a mode of 
 raising money for such purposes very common at that 
 time. This petition failed, and during the pendency 
 of the difficulties in regard to the Glebe, little was 
 done. In 1795, however, the project was again taken 
 in hand by the trustees of the Glebe, and the present 
 academy building was erected. 
 
 Meanwhile, the jjrogress of the town had not been 
 confined to the German Patent. As lands were cleared 
 and planted, grist- and saw-mills were erected, and 
 the ancient forests, " through which one could not see 
 the sunshine," were filled with the hum of industry. 
 The first mill, by authenticated records, was erected 
 by Alexander Coldeu about 1743 ; was subsequently 
 known as Hasbrouck's, and more recently as Dick- 
 son's mill. The second was erected by Abel Belknap, 
 situated west of the present New Mills, and known 
 subsequently as Niven's mill. From thence west on 
 the Quassaick, in successive order, were Foster's saw- 
 mill, Gardner's grist-mill, Gardner's saw-mill, Belk- 
 nap's saw-mill, and Burr's grist-mill, the latter occu- 
 pying the site and privilege of a mill erected by 
 Captain Thomas Machin in 1786-87, for the coinage 
 of copper. On the Tent-Stone Meadow Creek, Penny's 
 grist-mill. Hartshorn's mill. Penny's saw-mill, and 
 Hasbrouck's saw-mill were early erections, as were 
 also Denton's saw-mill and Smith's saw-mill on the 
 Fostertown Creek. On Denton's (now I'owelton) 
 Brook, Nehemiah Denton established a grist-mill, and 
 a store and a landing on the Hudson ; further north, 
 William Bloomer had a blacksmith-shop, and Michael 
 Demott a hotel, and, with the neighboring farmers, 
 made, prior to the Revolution, a village at Balmville, 
 
 » MiiluteB, Sept. 22, Oct. 13 and 27, 1794. 
 
 nearly if not fully as large as that on the Glebe. 
 Daniel Smith went there subsequently and built a 
 store and a wharf, from which he sailed a sloop to 
 New York ; while on Jew's or Acker's Creek, in the 
 extreme northeast part of the town, were Tooker's 
 mill and Acker's mill. In the vicinity of all these 
 mills were hamlets, — in most cases a smith's shop, 
 and occasionally a "store" of goods of all kinds "for 
 cash or barter," but principally the latter, for of the 
 former there was little in circulation. Besides mills 
 and hamlets there were many well-cultivated farms, 
 and substantial dwellings which had supplanted rude 
 log cabins. The lumber business of the town was espe- 
 cially heavy, and large quantities of ship timber, 
 planks, and staves were forwarded to market. The pub- 
 lic landing which the trustees of the Glebe had estab- 
 lished at the toot of North Street was almost entirely 
 devoted to the shipment of lumber, and vessels were 
 loading and rafts forming there almost constantly. 
 Ship-building was also carried on to a considerable 
 extent, at different points, by William Seymour and 
 others ; and Newburgh ships entered into the Liver- 
 pool trade, and her smaller vessels engaged in coast- 
 ing and in trade with the West India islands. A 
 more thriving town was not found on the banks of the 
 Hudson, nor one in which the industry of the people 
 had more substantial reward. 
 
 In 1797 the village had attained to such size that it 
 was found necessary to establish a fire department ; 
 and for this purpose a law was passed by the Legisla- 
 ture defining the fire limits of the village, and direct- 
 ing the election of five trustees, " to be called the 
 Trustees of the Fire Company in the Village of New- 
 burgh." The fire limits defined by this act included 
 that portion of the town lying south of an east-and- 
 west line running six rods north of the academy ; and 
 the district thus defined was "to be called the Village 
 of Newburgh," the freeholders in which were empow- 
 ered to elect annually not less than three nor more 
 than five trustees, who should have the appointment 
 of firemen and the control and management of a fire 
 department.! This was the first crude form of village 
 authority. 
 
 t The third section of this act reads as follows : " The said trustees, to 
 
 be chosen as aforcBaid, or a major part of them, shall have full power 
 and authority to nominate and appoint a sufficient nunibor of firemen 
 (willing to accept), not exceeding twenty to every fire-engine now pro- 
 vided, or hereafter to Ijo provided, for tlie use of the said village, out of 
 the inhabitants being freeholdei-s or pereous renting property to tlie 
 value of one hundred dollars per annum, to have the care, management, 
 working, aud usnig the said lire-engines, and other tools and instru- 
 ments now or hereafter to be provided for tlie oxtingnisbmeut of flres 
 witliiu the said village, whiili persons so to be nominated and appointed 
 as aforesaid shall be called the firemen of the village of Newburgh, who 
 are hereby required to be ready at all fires, as well by niglit as by day, 
 to manage, use, and work the other tools and instruments aforesaid." 
 
 By other secUons of the act firemen were exempted from service as 
 constables or as jurors of imiuest; and tlie trustees had power to remove 
 firemen for cause, to make all necessary rules and regulations, and, in 
 case of fire, to command the assistance of all " able-bodied inhabitants in 
 said village" to extinguish the same. The inhabitants of the village 
 were also required to furnish their houses with suitable fire-buckets. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 269 
 
 In September, 1797, the publication of The Mirror 
 — the second newspaper published in Newburgh — was 
 commenced by Philip Van Home, and in 1799 passed 
 into the hands of Joseph \V. Barber. In 1798, The 
 New Windsor Ouzrtfe was published at New Windsor 
 by Jacob Schultz, but was soon after removed to New- 
 burgh and called Tlie Oranrjc County Gazette. This 
 paper was subsequently sold to David Denniston, the 
 name being changed to TJie Citizen. It was afterwards 
 merged in T/ir Bir/hts of Man * a paper established by 
 Elias Wiulield, for whom it was printed by Benoui H. 
 Howell. 27ie J/irro/- gave place to The Recorder of the 
 Times, and the latter to The Political Index. 
 
 These papers are mentioned in their order for the 
 purpose of introducing the facts in the religious his- 
 tory of the town which led to their publication. As 
 the Revolution had severed the old connection be- 
 tween Church and State, the people of America were 
 naturally led to consider what should be the future 
 political relation of the Church. These discussions 
 finally subsided on the adoption of the Federal Con- 
 stitution, as that instrument expressly declared that 
 Congress should " make no law resjiecting an estab- 
 lishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise 
 thereof." But besides these debates, there were other 
 and mightier agencies operating in the direction of 
 skepticism. Voltaire ajid his friends had already be- 
 gun the work of unsettling the religious faith of 
 Europe ; they shook, as it were, the very pillars of 
 the Church, and desolated France with the terrible 
 revolution of '98. The doctrines taught by Voltaire 
 and Paine were accepted by many prominent and 
 able men in the United States ; but at no place did 
 the anti-religious sentiments prevail to a greater ex- 
 tent than in Newburgh. The Citizen, first, and subse- 
 quently The Ru/hts of Man, hoisted the infidel flag; 
 there was a regularly organized society of infidels, 
 and a blind man, by the name of Elihu Palmer,! was 
 induced to visit the village weekly and deliver lec- 
 tures at the academy in opposition to the Bible. Be- 
 sides the al)ove-nanied newspapers, Paine's " Age of 
 Reason," Tyndall's " Christianity as Old as the Cre- 
 ation," and works of a similar character, were re- 
 published under the auspices of the society and circu- 
 lated with all diligence. 
 
 " That there was infidelity, and organized infidelity," 
 says Dr. Johnston, J " I have no reason to doubt. Nay, 
 I have my information from one who was a member 
 of what was styled ' The Druid Society.' It was one 
 of the branches of the ' Itluminati Society,' at the 
 
 * In the Autobiography of Rev. Dr. Johnston, a paper under the tiUe 
 
 of The Temple of Retison is mentioned (p. 94). The paper referred to was 
 probably The Ei<jhU ttf Man, wliich was the only infidel paper publiahed 
 at that time. 
 
 t The Rev. Elihu Palmer waa born at Norwich, Conn., about the year 
 1763, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1787. He was early settled 
 as a minister of the gospel ; hut ho subsequently changed his faith to 
 Universalism, and from that passed over to infidelity. In 1793 he was 
 attacked by yellow fever, which left him entirely blind. He died at 
 Philadelphia in 1805. 
 
 X .\utobiography i>f Rev. .tiilin .lolinston. D.D., p. 92, etc. 
 
 head of which was Weishaupt, of Germany, the 
 leading object of which, according to his representa- 
 tions, was destruction to all organized governments, 
 ' civil and divine.' Hence the Bible was the avowed 
 object of their hatred, as well as all that pertained to 
 the church of God and her institutions. I have a 
 number of facts, dates, and particulars on this sub- 
 ject, which would help posterity to know more of the 
 sad effects of infidelity in Newburgh the latter end of 
 the last and the commencement of this century than 
 is generally known at present. A clergyman in- 
 formed me that after preaching here he was attacked 
 in the evening by a fierce dog, set on by several who 
 were reputed members of the Druid Society. The 
 place where the attack was made was near the large 
 elm-tree on Liberty Street. I presume many have 
 heard it stated (and I have never heard it contro- 
 verted) that in the afternoon or evening of the day in 
 which the ordinance of the Lord's Supper was dis- 
 pensed by our officiating clergyman, a mock adminis- 
 tration was performed at a spring^ within the limits 
 of the corporation, by formally presenting to a little 
 dog a cracker and a small quantity of water, using the 
 words of our blessed Redeemer when he instituted 
 the holy supper." 
 
 " It ought to be known," continues Dr. Johnston, 
 " that the principal actor in this impious transaction 
 did not long survive. On the following Sabbath 
 evening he was found in his room with the door 
 locked, apparently in a fit, convulsed with awful 
 spasms, and he died without being able to utter a 
 word. Whether he had taken anything with a view 
 to self-destruction, or whether it was the immediate 
 act of God, without his voluntary agency, we know 
 not. This occurred in July, 1799. In the graveyard 
 there is a stone with the following inscription : ' The 
 
 Tomb of , who died July 2d, in the year 
 
 of the Christian Era, 1799, aged 34 years.' For a 
 time it seemed as if these infatuated men had deter- 
 mined that there should not remain in Newburgh 
 and its vicinity a vestige of Christianity." 
 
 Dr. Johnston's account of the objects and doings of 
 the infidels of Newburgh comes to us somewhat col- 
 ored perhaps by religious prejudice ; but the main 
 facts are generall-s' conceded to have been as he states 
 them. Mr. James Donnelly, a member for a short 
 time of " The Druids," and Jlr. Jacob Schultz, the 
 editor of the first anti-infidel paper, the last living 
 witnesses of the events referred to, agreed that the 
 accounts given by Dr. Johnston and by Abner Cun- 
 ningham|| were exaggerated, especially in reference 
 
 g The place referred to is said to have been a spring on the premises 
 lately owned by Edward R. Johns, Esq., south of the iron-works. It was 
 destroyed by excavations. 
 
 I "Fate of Infidelity," by Abner Cunningham, in which the author 
 professes to reveal the fate of several of the leading Newburgh infidels 
 The files of the village papers show that the statements which he makes 
 are incorrect in many instances. " D. D.," says Cunningham, referring 
 to David Denniston, " a printer, three days after, fell in a fit, and died 
 immediately." Tliis is not true, for Denniston editeil Tlit ItiijhVt of Man 
 
270 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 to the deaths of several of the participants in the 
 scenes described. Mr. Donnelly stated that the Druids 
 " first organized as a debating society, and were com- 
 posed of the best men in the place. Many of the 
 members became infidels after they had joined the 
 society, and then changed the association into an in- 
 fidel club," when a good many withdrew, including 
 himself. He regarded it as "a great mistake to assert 
 that all the members were bad men and came to vio- 
 lent deaths." Mr. Schultz stated that Dr. Phineas 
 Hedges, whose sudden death Dr. Johnston refers to, 
 "it was always understood, died in a fit brought on 
 by nervous excitement. The circumstances were 
 these : I printed an article in my Gazette in which 
 Dr. Hedges and the infidels were handled severely. 
 The doctor was very much excited over it, and came 
 down to New Windsor to ask the privilege of a reply. 
 I told him that I must see his reply before I would 
 agree to print it; but that if it was couched in proper 
 terms, he might expect its publication. The next I 
 heard was that the doctor had died iu a fit. Some of 
 the ardent anti-infidels said it was a visitation of God ; 
 but this was not generally believed.* The discussions 
 of that period will always be remembered by me; and 
 after a lapse of sixty years I have come to regard the 
 acts of my contemporaries in a .softer light than that 
 in which I then looked upon them." 
 
 While these corrections are due to the memory 
 of the dead, the files of The Rights of Man and of 
 The Recorder of the Times — the first the advocate, and 
 the latter the opponent, of the doctrines taught in 
 Paine's "Age of Reason" — give ample evidence of 
 the violence of the discussion, and of the eftbrts made 
 to overthrow all religious worship. According to a 
 statement in Tlie Recorder of the Times, these efforts 
 gradually subsided after the close of the century. 
 
 III.— VILLAGE OF NEWBUKGH. 
 
 At the opening of the present century the inhab- 
 itants of the German Patent threw off the township 
 titles into which it was principally divided, and, for 
 the purpose of securing better municipal government, 
 united in an application to the Legislature for an act 
 to incorporate the village of Newburgh, a title which 
 had been adopted in the act of 1797, organizing the 
 fire department. In response to the application, the 
 Legislature passed, on the 2oth of March, 1800, an 
 act of incorporation, defining the bounds of the vil- 
 lage and authorizing the election of trustees and other 
 oflicers. The act further provided that the trustees 
 should have power to make, ordain, and jjublish such 
 by-laws, rules, and regulations as should be deemed 
 
 after this, and was subsequently connected with the American Citizen and 
 Watch-Toii'er, a paper printed in New Yorlt. He died Dec. 13, 1803, of a 
 malignant fever. He was a man of considerable ability. 
 
 * The Mirror of July 9tli thus speaks of Dr. Hedges : " In justice to his 
 memory, it ought to be observed that he was a man possessed of a strong 
 mind, and this mind highly improved and cultivated by the principles 
 of general science and the knowledge of the philosophy of nature." 
 
 meet and proper, particularly in reference to public 
 markets, streets, alleys, and highways ; to abate 
 slaughter-houses and nuisances generally ; to deter- 
 mine the number of inns or' taverns, and grant li- 
 censes to the same ; to restrain the running at large 
 of geese, cattle, hogs, and other animals; to erect and 
 regulate hay-scales ; and to have general powers 
 " relative to anything whatsoever" that should con- 
 cern the " public and good government" of the vil- 
 lage thereby created.! 
 
 The act took immediate effect, and on the first 
 Tuesday in May after its passage seven trustees, three 
 assessors, three fire-wardens, a collector, and a treas- 
 urer were elected ; and the board of trustees organ- 
 ized under the presidency of John Anderson. + The 
 immediate duties devolving upon them were compara- 
 tively light, and beyond the erection of a public mar- 
 ket and the leasing of tlie stalls, the partial grading 
 of Water Street, and the adoption of a few general 
 regulations, very little was done. 
 
 Immediately after the incorporation of the village, 
 an act was passed (March 20, 1801) constituting and 
 appointing Robert Browne, John DeWitt, William 
 Seymour, Levi Dodge, Johannes Jliller, Hugh Walsh, 
 George Clinton, Jr., Jacob Powell, John McAuley, 
 Charles Clinton, William W. Sackett, George Gard- 
 ner, and all such others as should associate for that 
 purpose, a body corporate and politic by the name of 
 "The President, Directors, and Company of the New- 
 burgh and Cochecton Turnpike Road," with a capital 
 of $126,000, for the construction of a road from New- 
 burgh to the Delaware River.^ The stock was soon 
 taken and the road constructed. In its effect upon 
 the prosperity of the village it was of far greater im- 
 portance than that of municipal organization, opening 
 as it did an avenue of trade extending for many miles 
 into the interior, and connecting the southern tier of 
 counties with the city of New York, ria Newburgh.|| 
 
 Meanwhile the afl'airs of the Glebe demanded at- 
 tention. The trustees under the charter were acting, 
 in a measure, in defiance of its provisions by denying 
 to the church any participation in the revenues, and 
 by appropriating the whole income to tlie supjjort of 
 schools. To remove the legal disabilities under which 
 the trustees labored, the Legislature passed, in 1803, 
 
 t Newburgh was the second incorporated village in the State. The 
 village of LansingburgU was the first. 
 
 I The records of the board from 1800 to 1S04 have not been preserved ; 
 but from published reports it appears that John Andei-son was president 
 from May, ISOO, to 1802; Levi Dodge from May, 1802, to 1803; .Jacob 
 Powell from 3Iay, 1803, to 1804, when Geoi'ge Monell was elected. 
 
 g Tlie arched bridge at Bridgeville, Sullivan Co., which was completed 
 in 1807, bears the only monument to the directors of this road now re- 
 maining on its line. In the parapet on the eastern abutment of this 
 bridge a marble slab was inserted with the inscription; " Jacob Powell, 
 President; George Monell, Treasurer; William H. Weller, Secretary; 
 .Tonathau Hedges, Charles Clinton, Levi Dodge, Daniel Stringhani, 
 Jonathan Fisk, Cyprian Webster, Reuben Neely, Daniel C. Verplanck, 
 Hamilton Morrison, David Craw ford — Directors, 1807." — QiiinlaiCn "l^nlli- 
 van CouiUij," 537. 
 
 p This subject will be found more fully related in the general history 
 of the county. See " Trade and Commerce." 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 271 
 
 "an act to alter and amend the charter of the Glebe 
 lands in the German Patent, in the village of New- 
 burgh," by the terms of which the inhabitants on the 
 patent were empowered to elect, on the second Tues- 
 day in May, annually, three persons to "otHciate as 
 trustees of the aforesaid Glebe." The act also or- 
 dered that the moneys arising from the annual income 
 should forever thereafter be appropriated solely to the 
 support of schools ; that $200 should be paid annu- 
 ally to the trustees of the academy, and that the re- 
 mainder of the income should be paid to other schools 
 which were then, or should be thereafter, established 
 on said Glebe: " Provided" that if at any time there- 
 after " a minister, of the Episcopal Church should be 
 inducted on said patent," then the trustees should 
 have power to " pay annually for the support of said 
 minister" such proportions of the moneys as should 
 be " reasonable, according to the true intent and 
 meaning of the charter." Under this act an election 
 was held at the house of Edward Howell (May 10, 
 1803), when Daniel Smith, William H. Smith, and 
 John Harris were chosen trustees. 
 
 Thus the matter remained until 1805, when the 
 members of the Episcopal Church determined, if 
 possible, to regain possession of the income of the 
 Glebe, and to re-establish the provisions of the old 
 charter. With a view to accomplish this the bishop 
 appointed the Rev. Cave Jones agent for the church, 
 and Messrs. Jonathan Fisk and Walter Case were 
 employed as counsel. To allay public excitement a 
 card was issued by the agent and the counsel for the 
 church, in which they pledged themselves that in 
 case the church should succeed in establishing her 
 claim to the Glebe, the income therefrom should be 
 appropriated, according to the true intent and mean- 
 ing of the charter, for the support of a free school for 
 the children of the poor residing on the patent; and 
 that in renewing leases all things should be made 
 " commodious and agreeable to the parties con- 
 cerned." 
 
 To this card was appended a call for a meeting of 
 the male inhabitants of the patent who were mem- 
 bers of the Ejiiscopal Church and entitled to vote at 
 other elections, to be held at the old Episcopal 
 Church building, on Monday, Nov. 4th, for the pur- 
 pose of choosing "two Trustees of the Parish of New- 
 burgh, according to the true intent and meaning of 
 the charter granting the Glebe on the said Patent." 
 
 The meeting was held ; the votes offered by those 
 who were not members of the Ej^iscopal Church were 
 rejected; eleven votes only were received, and Jona- 
 than Fisk and Joseph Hoft'man were chosen trustees. 
 They then proceeded to reorganize the church, by the 
 election of wardens and vestrymen, so that it might 
 be in a proper position to maintain its authority by 
 an appeal to the courts. 
 
 For the purpose of determining the legality of the 
 law of 1803, an action of ejectment was immediately 
 brought by the church against Michael Nestle, who 
 
 held a portion of the Glebe by virtue of a lease from 
 the trustees elected pursuant to tluit act. The cause 
 was tried Nov. 26, 1806, at the Orange Circuit Court, 
 before Mr. Justice Tompkins, and the church was 
 nonsuited. At the succeeding term, a motion was 
 made to set aside the nonsuit, and argument was 
 made before Justices Van Ness and Spencer. Mr. 
 risk, on the part of the church, held that the orig- 
 inal intention in granting the patent evidently was 
 that members of the Episcopal Church alone should 
 be permitted to vote at elections for trustees, and that 
 to deny this position would be to defeat the intention 
 of the charter. The act of 1803, he held, was void, 
 as the Legislature had no power to divest the church 
 of any rights vested by the charter in the original 
 grantees of the Glebe. J. Radclitle and T. A. Em- 
 met, on the part of the trustees under the act of 1803, 
 held that the original charter was to " German Luth- 
 erans. On their removal from the tract, the remain- 
 ing inhabitants, being of the Church of. England or 
 Episcopalians, met together, elected trustees, sur- 
 rendered the original patent, and obtained a new 
 charter to them and their successors. If none but 
 persons of the same religious denomination with 
 those named in the original grant had a right to vote, 
 then the Episcopalians, in 1750, had no right to 
 elect trustees ;" that there was as " much ground to 
 object to the charter of 1752, under which the plain- 
 tiff claims, as to the act of 1803, under which the 
 defendant holds ; and that the Episcopalians, in 
 1750, acted in the same manner towards the Luther- 
 ans as the Presbyterians, in 1803, acted towards the 
 Episcopalians." 
 
 But while in the argument of counsel the case was 
 made to depend entirely upon the question of the right 
 of the inhabitants of the patent, irrespective of church 
 membership, to vote at elections for trustees, the point 
 raised was not decided by the court. In his opinion, 
 Mr. Justice Van Ness avoided the issue presented, for 
 the avowed purpose of leaving the matter open to a 
 compromise ; but held that the trustees elected under 
 the act of 1803 were the trustees de facto, and were 
 hence clothed with competent authority to grant the 
 lease to Nestle, and that a new trial ought to be de- 
 nied. 
 
 Mr. Justice Spencer, however, met the question 
 presented, and held that " right of election" was " ex- 
 pressly given, by the charter, to all male inhabitants 
 of the German Patent who were above the age of 
 twenty-one years," and that, " the plaintiff having 
 failed to show any title," the defendant could not be 
 disturbed in his possession. Although not regarded 
 as a decision on the merits of the case, these opinions 
 destroyed all hope of re-establishing the jurisdiction 
 of the church over the Glebe, and further proceed- 
 ings were stayed.* 
 
 * The case may be found at length in 3 John. Eep., 115. No further 
 
 legal proceedinga were taken. 
 
272 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 The records of the trustees of the village contain 
 many proofs that they were not neglectful of the du- 
 ties devolved upon them by the charter. In 1S04, a 
 public meeting was called by them for the purpose of 
 adopting a plan for supplying the village with water ; 
 and during the same year a night-watch was organ- 
 ized. In 1806, public hay-scales were erected, and 
 several improvements made in the streets. Private 
 enterprise, too, began to yield its fruits. Turnpikes 
 were opened in different directions,* thus increasing 
 the commercial facilities of the town ; and the Bank 
 of Newburgh was est.ablished in 1811. The results 
 of these and kindred enterprises are forcibly illus- 
 trated in the fact that, from the overwhelming in- 
 debtedness, which rested like an incubus on the town 
 at the close of the war of independence, in thirty years 
 it had attained such a position of wealth that it paid 
 one-fourth of the tax of the entire county. 
 
 But while the citizens of Newburgh were thus en- 
 gaged in these various enterprises the cloud of war 
 again darkened the national horizon — the 
 
 SECOND WAR WITH ENrTL-iND 
 — SO disastrous to trade in all its branches. Notwith- 
 standing its embarrassments, however, they never wa- 
 vered in their devotion to their country. From first 
 to last, by resolutions passed in conventions, by the 
 expression of their sentiments through the ballot-box, 
 by the prompt offer of volunteers, and by the contri- 
 bution of men to actual service, they evinced their un- 
 flinching purpose to resist the " attacks of domestic 
 enemies, and the insolent aggressions of foreign 
 powers." Soon after the declaration of war the local 
 military companies were ordered on duty and sta- 
 tioned at Staten Island ;t and, at a later period, New- 
 burgh was temporarily made the rendezvous of the 
 companies of grenadiers, light infantr}', and riflemen 
 of the Thirty-fourth Brigade. J 
 
 Among the many facts which showed the temper of 
 the people of Newburgh during the war may be no- 
 ticed the contribution of clothing, by the ladies of the 
 village, to the volunteers in service on the northern 
 frontiers;? the detestation expressed, on all public 
 
 * The Newburgh and Cochecton turnpike was organized in 1801. 
 In 1808, the Newburgh and New Windsor turnpilte was chartered, con- 
 necting at New Windsor with turupiltes to Cornwall and Monroe. In 
 1810, the Newburgh and Sullivan turnpike penetrated the heart of the 
 present county of Sullivan ; and in 181'.i, the Newburgh and Plattekill 
 turnpike opened to tlie Newbuigh market a rich agricultural section of 
 southern Ulster. (See " Trade and Commerce.") 
 
 t The company of artillery under the command of Capt. Henry But- 
 terworth, and the uniform companies of light infantry under the com- 
 mand of Capts. Alexander Denniaton and Charles Birdsall, of this town, 
 have been ordered by His Excellency the Governor, to be in readiness 
 to march to New York on the 15th inst." — Index, Aug. 11, 1812. 
 
 J " General Orders— .\lbany, Sept. 1, 1813. — The companies of Grena- 
 diers, Light Infantry, and ItiHemeD of the 34th Brigade will rendezvous 
 for service at Newburgh, on the 8th September inst., at ten o'clock in the 
 forenoon. . . ." 
 
 ^"Newburgh, Dec. 5, 1812. — Sir: .Vccompanying this your Excel- 
 lency will tind a package of two Imndred and eighty woolen stockings 
 and eighty mittens. They are forwarded to you by the ladies of this 
 village, with the request that you will send to those of the volunteer 
 
 occasions, of those who sympathized with the common 
 enemy, or who esteemed the blessings of peace para- 
 mount to national honor ;|] and the very spirited cele- 
 bration of Perry's victory on Lake Erie. On the 
 latter occasion the trustees of the village united with 
 a committee of citizens, viz. : Solomon Sleight, Wil- 
 liam Ross, Isaac Belknap, Jr., John S. Hunn, John 
 Anderson, John Mandevill, Seth Belknap, John W. 
 Morrell, Joseph Reeve, and Hezekiah Belknap. The 
 national flag was displayed in all public places in the 
 village and from the masts of the vessels lying in the 
 harbor ; there was a public collation and sundry pa- 
 triotic toasts at the Newburgh Coft'ee-House, and a 
 procession and a very general illumination in the 
 evening. The.se arrangements were entered into 
 heartily by all classes of citizens, and the exercises 
 on the occasion were long held in remembrance.^ 
 
 But sadness as well as joy entered into the history 
 of the town during the war. The embargo act de- 
 tained in foreign ports many American vessels 
 
 corps now on duty on our northern frontiers whom your Excellency may 
 suppose to be most in want of them. The unremitting attention which 
 has marked your Excellency's conduct since the declaration of war, 
 towards the protection of our northern frontier and maritime coast, and 
 your constant endeavor to alleviate the situation of our fellow-citizens 
 who are in the military 6er\'ice, will; I hope, sufliciently apologize for 
 troubling you witli the disposition of this small tribute of respect to those 
 brave and patriotic defenders of their country's rights. With considera- 
 tions of much respect and esteem, 
 
 " I am yours, sincerely, W. ROSS. 
 
 "His Excellency, Gov. Tompkins." 
 
 II One of the resolutions adopted in 1813 is as follows; " Eesolveil, 
 That we consider the Tories of the present war as having a much better 
 title to the halter than the Tories of the Revolution, having had a longer 
 time to get weaned from their unnatural mother." 
 
 1[ The PoUticitl In<kx of Sept, 30, 1813, contains a lengthy account of 
 this celebration. '* Never," says that paper, " did such universal joy 
 pervade the breasts of American citizens as has been manifested on a 
 recent occasion ; and never bos that joy been more distinctly, unequivo- 
 cally, and universally expressed by the citizens of Newburgh and its vi- 
 cinity than has been done on receiving the official letters announcing 
 the late affair on Lake Erie. ... On the arrival of the news, a Federal 
 salute was fired from the U. S. corvette 'John Adams,' moored opposite 
 the village, which vessel was decorated with the Hags of different na- 
 tions during the progress of the celebration. . . . -At 1 o'clock P.M. the 
 trustees, with upwards of one hundred citizens, partook of a collation at 
 the Newburgh Coffee-House, alter which, Joseph Morrell being chosen 
 president and Solomon Sleight vice-president, toasts were drank, and a 
 song written for the occasion by the editor of the Index was sung by 
 Joseph Reeve. . . . At 7 o'clock p.m., at the signal of a cannon, all the 
 windows in the village were brilliantly illuminated ; some were orna- 
 mented with transparent paintings designative of the occasion, others 
 inscribed with the names of our naval heroes, whose deeds are destined 
 to illume the historic page ; all of which bad a handsome effect, and. 
 connected with the occasion, fired the soul with a proud satisfaction of 
 being an American, and made the conscious heart to swell with fore- 
 bodings of the rising glory of America. X numerous procession of citi- 
 zens, headed by the hand of music, now marched through the principal 
 streets of the village. .M nine o'clock the lights were extinguished and 
 the village enrobed in darkness." 
 
 A tradition connected with this celebration relates that the official 
 news of Perry's victory was brought to Newburgh by the corvette " John 
 Adams," referred to by the Index, and that the vessel arrived in the bay 
 on Sundiiy morning, and immediately fired a salute. The people, many 
 of whom were in attendance upon divine service, were in great conster- 
 nation and rushed into the streets, fearful that an enemy's vessel had 
 passed the Highlands and had commenced a bombardment of the village. 
 Presently the " Adaraa" ran up the " Stars and Stripes," and sent a boat 
 on shore with the news, which was received with cheer after cheer. In 
 the general joy the Sabbath was forgotten. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 273 
 
 manned more or less by Xewburgh men, whose un- 
 certain fate caused solicitude in no small circle of 
 friends ; on the ocean American merchantmen were 
 captured, and among their crews who languished in 
 Dartmoor prison Newburgh also had its representa- 
 tives ; mourning for his untimely fate and plaudits 
 for his heroic example followed the announcement of 
 the death of Lieut. Ludlow, who, standing beside the 
 gallant Lawrence on the deck of the " Chesapeake," 
 fought the English ship " Shannon" (June, 1813), 
 and who, twice wounded and a prisoner, followed the 
 body of his commander to its grave in Halifax, and 
 on his return fell from his chair a lifeless corpse. 
 
 GENERAL INCIDENTS. 
 The history of the village and of the town was 
 marked by many incidents of more or less moment in 
 a local and temporary point of view during the early 
 part of the century ; those which may be regarded as 
 of historical significance, however, were few. Among 
 the more important were the introduction of the Bap- 
 tist and the Methodist Churches, the reorganization 
 nf the Episcopal Church, the establishment of the 
 theological seminary, and the visit to the village by 
 Lafayette. The latter event was the occasion of pub- 
 lic exercises in which the people of a large district of 
 country participated. A meeting was held at the 
 Orange Hotel on Aug. 17, 1824, and a committee of ar- 
 rangements appointed, composed of the " members of 
 the corporation of the village of Newburgh, together 
 with William Ross, Selah Reeve, John D. Lawson, 
 Ward M. Gazlay, John S. Hunn, Francis Crawford, 
 David Ruggles, Samuel Williams, John W. Brown, 
 Abraham M. Smith, Isaac N. Seymour, Walter Case, 
 Samuel R. Betts, Leonard Smith, Daniel Smith, Levi 
 Dodge, John Mandevill, Luther Halsey, Edmund 
 Griswold, Thurston Wood, Joseph Morrell, William 
 Belknap, John Belknap, Eleazer (Jidney, John P. 
 Dodge, and Jonathan Noyes." From this committee 
 a delegation was sent to New York to consult the 
 general, and, in j)ursuance of arrangements for that 
 pur])ose, beacon-fires* on the mountains, on the even- 
 ing of Sept. l.Sth, announced that the visit would be 
 made the next day. The streets were decorated with 
 arches and evergreens and strewn with flowers ; in- 
 scriptions suspended, and the village crowded to its 
 utmost capacity with people ; four companies of cav- 
 alry and five companies of infantry (under command 
 of Col. John W. Brown) performed escort duty. The 
 general arrived about six o'clock in the evening on 
 the 14th, and was escorted to the Orange Hotel, where 
 the addresses of welcome were delivered. At about 
 9 P.M. he attended a banquet by his Masonic breth- 
 ren of Hiram Lodge, where he was received with 
 Masonic honors and was addressed by the Rev. John 
 Brown. Supper was served at 12 m., and 2 a.m. the 
 
 general took his departure for Poughkeepsie.f The 
 lateness of the hour of his arrival and the shortness 
 of the time of his remaining ])revented the more ex- 
 tended demonstrations which ha<l been designed. 
 
 Perhaps no local event, however, aroused so much 
 local attention as the organization of the Highland 
 Bank. At that time (1832-34) banks were chartered 
 by the Legislature, and were regarded as part of the 
 legitimate spoils of political parties, — charters being 
 given to members of the party in power, who in turn 
 apportioned the stock among their associates. The 
 charter of the Highland Bank was measurably with- 
 in the limits of this rule, although the petitions for 
 it were based on an apparent local necessity for addi- 
 tional banking capital. The Bank of Newburgh, 
 established twenty years before, and, with the excep- 
 tion of the Bank of Orange County, at Goshen, the 
 only bank in the district, enjoyed a monopoly of the 
 banking business of a large section of country. Its 
 stockholders were naturally opposed to an encroach- 
 ment on the privileges which had been granted to 
 them, and did not hesitate to remonstrate, — assuming 
 that it was amply able to supply all the legitimate 
 commercial discounts that were required, that no 
 further banking capital was necessary, and that the 
 " sole object of many of the petitioners was to obtain 
 directorships. "J But the petitioners w-ere active, and 
 sent from Newburgh, Glenham, Matteawan, Walden, 
 Cornwall, and Monroe a formidable list of advocates. 
 The bill was vigorously fought in the Legislature, — 
 passed the Assembly and was defeated in the Senate 
 (April, 1833). At the succeeding session the appli- 
 cation was renewed by the petition of two thousand 
 persons. In the mean time the granting of the char- 
 ter was made a question in the choice of members of 
 the Assembly. The Democratic and the " National 
 Republicans"? were then the parties of the day ; but 
 the introduction of the question of rechartering the 
 Bank of the United States changed the political 
 associations of many, among others that of Isaac R. 
 Van Duzer, a rising and somewhat distinguished 
 politician of the county. After having been twice 
 returned to the Assembly, he was dropped by the 
 Democrats and immediately taken h(> by the opposi- 
 tion. || A close canvass succeeded. The town of 
 Minisink, which had given Jackson 417 majority, 
 followed Van Duzer's lead and gave him 42(1. New- 
 burgh, on the other hand, which had only given Jack- 
 son a small majority, cast 686 votes for Gilbert O. 
 Fowler and the Democratic ticket, and only 260 for 
 Van Duzer, — a result which was due almost entirely 
 to the Highland Bank question, and which secured 
 the return to the Legislature of Gen. Fowler, its prin- 
 cipal advocate. With a shrewdness fluite common in 
 
 * The pyres of whicli these fires were Diade were thirty feet high, and 
 their appearance is described as Vesuvian — " reflected from sliore to shore 
 in tile still waters of the Hudson in two long trembling columns.'* 
 
 + Gazelle, Sept. 18, 1824. 
 
 I CoDimunicatiou in Telegntph, January, 18.32. 
 
 § The opposition to the Democratic party ;U(8unied the name of" Whigs" 
 in 1836. 
 
 II Hammond's " Political History of New York." ii. 4:).">. 
 
274 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 later days, Fowler made the granting of the charter 
 a ijolitical privilege. Oppo.sition thus became hope- 
 less; the Bank of Newburgh quietly withdrew an 
 application which it had made for an increase of 
 capital, and the charter passed the Assembly by a 
 vote of 109 to 4, and the Senate by 27 to .3. The 
 institution was soon successfully organized, and proved 
 the necessity for its creation in the demands for ac- 
 commodation which it was enabled to supply to the 
 business of the place. 
 
 The expansions and speculations which swept over 
 the country in 1835-37, and in the origin of which, 
 viewed from one stand-point, the organization of the 
 Highland Bank was an element, were not without 
 their influence on the village ; real estate advanced 
 to prices which, in many instances, have not since 
 that time been realized, and hundreds of citizens 
 found themselves suddenly comparatively rich by a 
 process which they did not understand ; but neither 
 the business of the banks nor of the village was ma- 
 terially speculative, and when the suspensions of 1837 
 came on they were little felt, except, of course, in 
 the immediate channels of association with the uni- 
 versally depressed trade and commerce of the nation, 
 and in the locking up of banking capital in suspended 
 paper and extensions. In another form, the history 
 of 1780 repeated itself: instead of loaning bills of 
 credit, the free banking law gave to individuals the 
 power to convert their real estate into active capital 
 by its mortgage for bills of circulation, and Mr. 
 Thomas Powell and others associated under it and 
 established, in 1838, the Powell Bank, which afforded 
 relief to trade. 
 
 It was during this period that the construction of 
 the New York and Erie Railroad was commenced, 
 and the Legislature was asked to aid the project by a 
 loan of the credit of the State. Previous to this appli- 
 cation, the citizens of Newburgh had secured a charter 
 for a road from the Hudson to the Delaware River, 
 with a view to reach the coal-beds of Pennsylvania; 
 but this charter had been permitted to become void. 
 When the loan was proposed, an effort was made to 
 connect the Delaware and Hudson road with the 
 Erie, and thus give to Newburgh the eastern ter- 
 minus. Through local jealousies and bickerings 
 between the leading capitalists of Newburgh and of 
 Goshen, in regard to the route which should be given 
 to the road, Newburgh lost the prize which her people 
 hoped to grasp. The road to the Delaware, however, 
 was rechartered, and a portion of the route was graded. 
 
 Under the financial revulsions of 1837, work was 
 suspended on both the Erie and the Delaware ; but 
 on the former it was soon resumed and the road com- 
 pleted from Piermont to Goshen. The effect of the 
 opening of this section was even more disastrous to 
 Newburgh than had been anticipated. The census 
 returns, which, for the decade ending with the year 
 18-40, had exhibited an increa.se in jiopulation of 
 2509, gave only 68 as the increase. 
 
 At this time difficulties arose in the prosecution of 
 the work on the Erie road, and fresh efforts were made 
 to secure to Newburgh some of the advantages of its 
 construction. This was accomplished by an agree- 
 ment on the part of the Erie Company — confirmed by 
 an act of the Legislature releasing the company from 
 its liabilities to the State — to construct a branch road 
 to Newburgh. This road was completed in 1849, and, 
 with the Erie, was the beginning of the railroad sys- 
 tem which now so completely bisects and intersects 
 the county, — literally covering it with a net-work of 
 iron rails. 
 
 Without the financial ability to so control the 
 enterprise of other communities as to render the 
 modern avenues of communication which they have 
 constructed tributary to the interests of Newburgh, 
 the capitalists and business men of the place have 
 made a bold struggle for years against the combina- 
 tions which have threatened its overthrow. At each 
 successive stage of the changes growing out of the 
 general development of the country, successive gen- 
 erations have met the requirements which have been 
 laid upon them. The labor, the liberality, and the 
 capital which was necessary in 1801 to carry the Co- 
 checton turnpike to completion was, considering the 
 comparative value of capital and labor, equal to that 
 involved in the construction of any railroad in the 
 county. But it was not the only undertaking of that 
 character : its capital of $126,000 was followed by a 
 capital of $5000 in the New Windsor turnpike, 
 $90,000 in the Newburgh and Ulster turnpike, .S35,000 
 in the Newburgh and Sullivan turnpike, $14,000 in 
 the Newburgh and Plattekill turnpike, and $14,000 in 
 the Snake Hill turnpike,— making a total of $284,000 
 expended for roads prior to 1820. This sum was, of 
 course, shared to some extent by residents along the 
 lines of the roads, but the greater part was drawn 
 from Newburgh. The expenditure on the abandoned 
 Delaware Railroad was undci-taken single-handed, 
 and was followed by a subscription to the construc- 
 tion of the Erie Branch of one-third its cost, and an 
 additional sum of $145,000 by loan or indorsements. 
 Scarce had this requirement been met when the con- 
 struction of plank-roads to Ellenvilleand to Sliawan- 
 gunk were undertaken, involving an expenditure 
 of about $150,000 ; and further capital was drawn 
 out for the Warwick Branch and for the Duchess 
 and Columbia Railroad. On all this expenditure but 
 a single bonded debt ($10,000) was incurred. The' 
 wonder is not that so little, but that so much has 
 been done ; that in the struggles of half a century 
 the place has not been remanded to the comparative 
 desolation which has overtaken other communities, 
 rather than to have maintained a certain and sub- 
 stantial growth. 
 
 Sharing to some extent in the ventures which were 
 followed by the panic of 1857, the business of the vil- 
 lage was more or less affected by the revulsions of that 
 period ; but this was due to outside associations 
 
NEWBUEGH. 
 
 275 
 
 rather than to local causes, and though for a time 
 ;he embarrassment of a single firm, largely interested 
 in several commercial and mechanical enterprises, 
 threatened general disaster, that result was happily 
 averted. A single wreck, if such it may be called, of : 
 iny considerable magnitude was thrown upon the j 
 shore, — the Powell Bank ; not because of its insolv- 
 ?ncy, but through the necessity of employing its capi- 
 tal in other channels, a change which was effected with- 
 out loss to the public. The business of the village 
 soon resumed its activity, and the decade closed with 
 prosperity. 
 
 WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 The local incidents of the succeeding decade, em- 
 bracing principally the war of the Eebellion, have 
 their record in the publications of the times, and need 
 not be repeated. For over four years, in the going 
 hence and in the return of volunteers, 
 
 *' In the town— tliroiigh every street — 
 Tramp, tramp, went the feet ;" 
 
 3very church-spire became a staff from which floated 
 ;he national flag, and every pulpit its forum ; the 
 iuties, the anxieties which the conflict imposed en- 
 tered into the daily life of the community. In their 
 :;ontributions to the prosecution of the war, it cannot 
 be said that the people of Newburgh faltered in sus- 
 taining the constitutional government. Growing out 
 af political issues which had divided parties in some 
 degree for half a century, the discussion of the ques- 
 tions which the war evolved was more or less tinged 
 with political associations during its entire progress, 
 and many men were prejudiced or exalted at the be- 
 hest of factions ; but the underlying sentiment of the 
 great mass of the community was with the govern- 
 ment. Before the drums of the conflict had begun 
 the call for volunteers, the first company of men in 
 the subsequent forces of the State was in organization,* 
 and in rapid succession other organizations followed, 
 anticipating or redeeming the fullest requirement of 
 the national and State authorities. Briefly recapitu- 
 lated,! these organizations were: 1. Company B, 
 Third Regiment, recruited in March and April, 1861 ; 
 2. Company B, Thirty-sixth Regiment, recruited in 
 May and June, 1861 ; 3. Company I, Seventy-first 
 Regiment militia, recruited principally from Company 
 L, Nineteenth Regiment ; 4. Companies A and B, and 
 parts of C, D, and G, Fifty -sixth Regiment, recruited 
 
 * The following is a copy of the first reci-niting handbill issued in New- 
 burgh. The volunteers enlisted under it were included in Co. B, Third 
 Regiment, Capt. S. W. Fullerton, Jr.: 
 
 " To Arms ! To Arms ! A recruiting office has been opened at the of- 
 fice of FuUei-ton & Van Wyck, corner Second and Water Streets, New- 
 burgh, for the purpose of enli-sting a company of volunteers, in pursu- 
 ance of the provisions of the act passed April Ifi, 18GI, entitled ' .\n act 
 to authorize the eiinipment of a volunteer militia, and to provide for the 
 public defense.' Two hundred able-bodied men wanted, who will be 
 armed, equipped, and paid by the State. 
 
 ^ " Jamts A. Ranev, llecniUinij Ojfficery 
 
 Dated April 17, 1861. 
 
 t Details are reserved for a subsetiuent chapter, including list of vol- 
 unteers, etc. 
 
 between July and October, 1861 ; 5. The Seventh In- 
 dependent Battery, in part, recruited with Fifty-sixth 
 Regiment ; 6. Companies D, E, F, I, and L, Nine- 
 teenth Regiment militia; miscellaneous enlistments, 
 prior to July, 1862, 111. Under the calls of July and 
 August, 1862, 470 men were required from the town, 
 and 501 furnished, 217 of whom were enrolled in the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, and 166 in the One 
 Hundred and Sixty-eighth Regiment. The call of 
 July, 1863, required 443 men, of whom 90 were fur- 
 nished ; but it was merged in the calls of October, 
 1863, and of February, March, and July, 1864, re- 
 quiring 756 — number furnished, 827, of whom 71 were 
 not credited. The total of enlistments (including re- 
 enlistments) was 2250 — the total of men required 
 1226. The public subscriptions and loans of the town 
 (including at that time the village), for the promotion 
 of enlistments and for bounties, were : 1861, by indi- 
 vidual subscriptions §7385, bonds of the village $5000 ; 
 1862, individual subscriptions $17,512; 1864, town 
 bonds $175,100,— total, $204,997. In addition to this 
 .sum, the town expended for special relief (1863-64) 
 $1075.50; expended by aid society and in contri- 
 butions to the Christian Commission, $12,387.31, rais- 
 ing the total to $218,459.81, and the further sum of 
 $321,3201 for special income and internal revenue 
 taxes to Jan. 1, 1865,— a grand total of $539,779.81. 
 
 CITY OF NEWBURGH. 
 The sacrifices imposed on the town by the war were 
 not without their compensations. The depressions in 
 business incident to the suspensions of trade and the 
 derangements of mechanical and commercial enter- 
 prise were succeeded by activity in the channels 
 which the war developed ; speculation became rife ; 
 the prices of real estate and the compensation of labor 
 were greatly enhanced ; the expansions or inflations 
 of the times, illegitimate and unsubstantial though 
 they may have been, marked their career in monu- 
 ments of substantial progress. Born of the impulses 
 of the new era, the village passed (April 22, 1865) to 
 incorporation as the City of Newbcroh, and elected 
 its first mayor and a Common Council ; a visible police 
 was established ; the streets were given location and 
 bounds by commissioners for that purpose ; the facili- 
 ties for public education were multiplied ; the abodes 
 of mechanics and artisans were made to vie with those 
 of the wealthy of preceding generations; the homes 
 of the wealthy to emulate the palaces of Europe. 
 Perhaps many of these results were in advance of the 
 necessities of the day, and inflicted subsequent detri- 
 mental burdens on the community ; nevertheless were 
 they the outgrowth of the war. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 Having traced the founding and the development 
 of the town and city of Newburgh through its salient 
 
 t This sum is partly estimated. The totals in some other instances are 
 only those on record, and are believed to be less than the actual amounts. 
 
276 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 points, it is scarcely necessary to remind the reader 
 that " things are not now as they once were" either in 
 town or city. The pros|icroiis hamlet of seventeen 
 houses in 1765, the poor liamlet of the Palatines of 
 1709, are not alone among the changes of the past. 
 The old Bank of Newburgh, and the building imme- 
 diately opposite, are the only structures that remain 
 of those which graced Water Street half a century 
 ago. One by one, by removal or by fire, the wooden 
 buildings of the Orange Hotel block, and those on the 
 same side of the street as far as the old stand of Joseph 
 Hoffman, which was the last to fall before the march 
 of improvement,* gave place to those of the present; \ 
 while fire swept off the stores on the east side from 
 Third Street south to the middle of the block, and 
 from First Street north to the brick building south of 
 the Highland Bank.t Reviewing these changes in 
 general terms, it may be remarked that the vicinity 
 of Colden's Gore was the original business centre of 
 the city ; and when the Bank of Newburgh w^a-s char- 
 tered, an effort to locate the banking-house there was 
 only defeated by a majority of one vote in the board I 
 of directors. In 1812 the stores on the west side of 
 the Gore were erected, and were occupied — counting 
 from First Street north — the first by James Denniston, 
 the second by Selah Reeve, the third by Lott & Cham- 
 bers, the fourth by John Anderson, Jr., the fifth by 
 Samuel Williams,]: and the sixth by William H. Smith, 
 beyond which came the old stand of James W. Miller. 
 On the opposite side of the street was the brick store 
 of Jacob Carpenter, then occupied by A. Gourlay & 
 Co.,? now the corner of Water and Carpenter Streets, 
 and beyond this, on the corner of the old road to 
 Gardner's Dock, was the brick store of Chauncey 
 Griswold, while at the head of the Gore stood the old 
 Colden house. Water Street was then extended south, 
 and the Colden house, falling partly within its line, 
 was removed ; and about the same time the old road 
 to Colden's Dock was closed and First Street opened. 
 
 * '"That venerable old wooden Imilding, on the corner of Water and 
 Second Streets, with its humble front and mosa-covered roof, — its sign of 
 a sheaf of wheat, denoting its occupant as one who furnishes the staff 
 of life, — has been kuocked into rubbish under the impulse of improve- 
 ment. After having served nearly half a century as a place of business 
 to that patriarch amoug our citizens, Joseph^ioffmau, it has had to move 
 the way of many sublunary things, to make room for a more costly and 
 elegant specimen of art. Workmen are now employed in laying the 
 foundation of a substantial brick edifice on a spot which so long sus- 
 tained the old yellow wooden building, and around which were clustered 
 so many associations connected with the history of Newburgh." — Tele- 
 rjraph,Jaly 15,1841. 
 
 t The account of these and other fires will be given hereafter. 
 
 J".\3IEKICAN Mam'Factvrf.d Goods — The Subscriber respectfully 
 informs the public that he has opened a store in Colden Street, where he 
 has a general assortment of Cotton Goods, which he will sell at the fac- 
 tory prices for cash or approved credit — among which are Bed-ticking, 
 Ginghams, Stripes of different kinds, etc. Nitting, twist and colored 
 Yarn from No. 5 to -tf), a general assortment of Kuropean, East and West 
 India goods, which he will sell on advantageous terms to the purchaser. 
 
 "S. Williams. 
 
 " Newburgh, June, 1812," — AdfertUcment in Political Index. 
 
 § *' A. Gourlay & Co. have removed to Capt. Jacob Cari>enter's brick 
 store, in Water Street, where they are now opening a very general as- 
 sortment of Dry Goods." — Adi\ 
 
 Soon afler, John D. Lawson erected, on the northeast 
 corner of First Street, a block of wooden buildings, 
 which were destroyed by fire, and were succeeded by 
 the warehouse of Daniel Farrington and other stores. 
 Those buildings were also destroyed by fire, and the 
 present block took their place. About IS.S-o, the Col- 
 onnade Row was erected by Col. James Denniston, 
 and the banking-house of the Highland Bank by John 
 Ledyard. The fine building adjoining the Highland 
 Bank on the south was erected by John Flanagan. 
 The buildings on the east side of Water Street, south 
 of Third, were erected by Messrs. Reeve & Falls, .John 
 Lawson, John Jamison, John Clugston, and Samuel 
 G. Sneden, and the block was completed in its present 
 form by Benjamin Tyler. On the west side of Water 
 Street, between Second and Third, the first brick house 
 was built by John Brown, an Irish refugee of the re- 
 bellion of 1798, and was subsequently occupied by his 
 sons, John and James S. Brown ; the buildings from 
 thence north to Third Street, including the old store 
 of John McAuley, gave place to the present structures, 
 erected by William Walsh, C. A. Jones, and others. 
 On the east side of the street, the Messrs. Crawford 
 erected, in 1827, the buildings now standing on the 
 northeast corner of Third Street, the upper part of the 
 second of which was occupied as part of the Mansion 
 House adjoining on the north ; the brownstone front 
 was erected by A. K. Chandler on the site of a por- 
 tion of the original Mansion House. || The succeed- 
 ing brick stores were erected by Eli Hasbrouck, John 
 Farnam (18.32), and William L. Smith; John P. 
 DeWint filled up the street leading to his wharf with 
 the building now 102 Water Street; the old Farmers' 
 Hotel of Benjamin Case, corner of Water and Fourth, 
 gave place to the present structure, erected by Corne- 
 lius C. Smith. On the opposite side of the street, the 
 Orange Hotel was erected in 1816; the buildings be- 
 tween the Orange Hotel and the Bank of Newburgh 
 were erected by John P. DeWint in place of the 
 wooden block destroyed by fire in 1837 ; Jacob and 
 Sebring Fowler erected' the Fowler drug-store, and 
 Gardiner's old Newburgh Coffee-Houselj gave place 
 
 II The Mansion House was erected by Hugh Walsh about 1798, It was 
 one of four buildings erected by him, the second being now No, 100 
 Water Street, the third that on the northwest corner of Water and Fifth 
 Street, and uue on Western Avenue, Tliey were all of the hipped-roof 
 style of architecture. The Mansion House is now represented by Nos. 
 86 and 88 Water Street. Its original bar-room is now No, 84. Its use as a 
 hotel was discontinued in 18;V4, when it was offered at auction sale, as 
 appears from the following notice in the Teh'fjraph in March of that 
 year; " Col. David Ci'awford offered at auction sale, Jan. 'J9. 18.34, three 
 lots on Water Street. 17 by 75 feetftheolil Mansion House property). 
 The north lot brought S4900, the iie.vt S4525 ; the sale of the third was 
 stopped, the owner regarding the price too low," 
 
 If An advertisement in the 7?i-y/(/jt o/ JUioi, Jan. 0, 180*), offering this 
 property for sale, supplies the following ilescription of it and its sur- 
 roundings at that time : "An elegant, well-built, three-story house, and 
 another adjoining it, known by the name of the Newburgh Coffee-rooni 
 and Coffee-house; also a commodious kitchen round the corner, a good 
 well of water with a pump before the front door. 'Said houses are situ- 
 ated on the corner of Water Street and Fourth Street, opposite to the 
 public ferry." There were no buildings on the opposite side of the 
 street, and the river flowed over Front Street, 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 277 
 
 o the more substantial structure on the corner. Jie- 
 ween Fourth and South Streets, on the west side, 
 here was Ijut one Ijrick liousc as late as 1837 ; that 
 vas owned and occupied by John D. Lawson. A 
 ilacksmitli-shop succeeded ; a stoneyard, and the 
 esidences of Uriali Lockwood and Mr. Purdy, the 
 atter on the corner of Water and Fifth; two or three 
 rame buildings came next, and the barn of David M. 
 JuBois, and a high garden wall filled out the corner 
 if Water and South. The present structures were 
 ilaced there by Jacob Brown, who also erected the 
 ilock on the opposite side of the street ; from whence 
 outh to Fiftli no material change has been made for 
 ears. The building on the southeast corner of Fifth 
 ,nd Water is a modern structure, and soon after its 
 rection the upper part was finished for a lodge-room, 
 ,t very considerable expense, by Orange County 
 .lodge, I. O. O. F. An old wagon-wright's shop ad- 
 aining was removed soon after by Edward Wait ; 
 ames McCann's hotel is now a store ; Robert Gardi- 
 ler's confectionery remains ; the northwest corner of 
 ''ourth and Water was the residence of William 
 Seymour. 
 
 Front Street was opened in 1833, and was mainly 
 he river-front, filled in except where covered by 
 locks, which, by its construction, were extended to 
 he east side. Prior to that time the extensive brew- 
 ry of Law, Beveridge & Co. had been erected on the 
 iver-side ; the Messrs. Crawford erected their large 
 tore-house in 1828,* and a similar building was put 
 ip by Benjamin Carpenter in 1829. The latter is 
 low included in the store-house of Homer Kamsdell 
 c Co., and the former was destroyed by fire in 1873. 
 n 1833, Isaac R. Carpenter commenced the erection 
 f the United States Hotel and the construction of 
 he long wharf ;t the latter was graced with a pas- 
 enger house and the most famous bell on the river, 
 'revious to that time the landing was near the east 
 ine of Front Street; it was here that the "Chief 
 "ustice Marshall" horrified the town by the explosion 
 f her steam-chest. South of First Street was the 
 Id Colden, -Denton, -Gardner,-Powell store-house and 
 /harf, the birthplace of the steamers " Highlander" 
 nd " Thomas Powell," whose reputations have been 
 ireserved, while those of the " Baltimore," the 
 
 * " Among the improvemente of the present season, we ought not to 
 >rget the substantial anil commodious warehouse erected by the Messre. 
 tawford, as it seems to indicate that the increase of business in tlie 
 illage requires extended accommodations," — Index, Oct. 18, 1828. 
 
 t " Tlie iniiiroveuients on tlie Ferry Wharf are on the most extensi?e 
 nd, we migiit almost term it, rnagnilicent scale. This whaif is being 
 onstructed by Col. I, R. Carpenter, and is to be extended to the utmost 
 mita warranted by the State grant of the land under water, that is to 
 ly, five hundred feet from higti-water mark. Its increased breadtii at 
 le outer extremity, onehuiidred feet, will add much to the convenience 
 nd safety of pas-ieugers going on board i.r landing from the steamboats ; 
 fhile the splendid new hotel which Col. Carpenter is also erecting at 
 [le junction of the whai-f with the mainland will not only offer a noble' 
 bject to all who pass the village on the river, but will be of essential 
 amfort to persons waiting for steamboats, or whose business confines 
 aem to the water's side." 
 
 "Legislator," the "Providence," the "William 
 Young," the " James Madison," the " Superior," 
 and the " Washington" have passed away with the 
 purpose which they filled. The original store-house 
 was destroyed by fire ; its successor was removed and 
 incorporated with that of Carpenter's in the establish- 
 ment now of Homer Ramsdell & Co. South of the 
 Powell wharf was that of tlie Newburgh Whaling 
 Comi)any, whose massive store-house remains. Ad- 
 joining the latter the river-front was unoccupied ex- 
 cept by a single fisherman's dwelling and reels ; then 
 came the docking venture of John W. Wells ; then 
 the large brick house (destroyed by fire a few years 
 ago) known as the Bath Hotel, built by Thomas Col- 
 den as a resort for invalids in ijuest of the pure air 
 north of the Highlands ; then the old " Red Store- 
 house," on a wharf in part constructed by Jonathan 
 Hasbrouck prior to the war of the Revolution, and at 
 which the barges of Gen. Washington were moored 
 while he occupied the Hasbrouck house ; and finally 
 the brewery of James Renwick, on the Kigler wharf, 
 whose proprietor founded there a small city, with a 
 church and a few dwellings, and an innumerable 
 number of lots and streets now mainly traced in legal 
 records. Neither Western Avenue nor Colden Street 
 were opened through until after the commencement 
 of the present century. The former was first occu- 
 pied by the Cochecton Turnpike Company, who cut a 
 road-bed four rods wide through the Ijluff west of 
 Colden Street. This cut was long known as the 
 " dug-way," and the plateau on either side was un- 
 occupied until the Carpenter foundry was erected on 
 the corner of Grand Street. A frame hotel and stable 
 occupied the corner on Colden Street for nearly half 
 a century, and on the opposite side of the avenue was 
 a steam grist-mill and a blacksmith-shop. Near the 
 north end of Colden Street was the rude stone tavern 
 kept by Thomas Gardner, a building said to have 
 been as old as headquarters, and the birthplace of 
 Gen. Gardner of the Confederate service, in command 
 at Port Hudson in the war of the Rebellion. None 
 of the business streets of the city have been more 
 improved during the past twenty-five years, unless it 
 be Front Street. 
 
 But without further specification, the a.s.sertion is 
 justified that the resident of even forty years ago 
 would now fail to recognize Front Street, Water 
 Street, or Colden Street, except by a few ancient 
 landmarks whose jiroprietors have not responded to 
 the spirit of change; the plain old farmer with his 
 Jersey wagon loaded with pyrk or butter, long since 
 lost to trade, would himself b(^ lost in the magnitude 
 of the single freighting establishment which has 
 taken the place of its progenitors; the lad who cast 
 his fortune.s on the Pacific in 1847, and carried with 
 him visions of the orchards and open lands west of 
 Liberty Street, would find, in the new streets and the 
 many dwellings which to-day sweep from north to 
 south, and shut out the sun from his old play-ground, 
 
278 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 no realization of tlie pictures on the walls of his 
 memory. 
 
 For the beauty of its private residences the city 
 had not a high reputation fifty years ago, though per- 
 haps its stantlard was quite up to the requirements of 
 the age. The Ruggles house, in Washington Place, 
 and the residences adjoining on the north, were, 
 when erected, regarded as the most elegant, and 
 views from the former found their way into the 
 •sketch-books of the times. Then came the Storms 
 house (late Edward R. Johnes, south of the iron- 
 works), and the residences of William Roe and David 
 Crawford, on Montgomery Street ; Francis Crawford 
 (now Harvey Weed) ; John W. Knevels, north of 
 the Washington Street school-house; Daniel Rogers,* 
 between High and Grand Streets, and Benjamin Car- 
 penter, adjoining, and those of Isaac R. Carpenter, 
 Odell S. Hathaway, John W. Brown, and Frederick 
 J. Betts (at Balmville). Now charming cottages and 
 sumptuous villas are to be seen in every direction, 
 and year by year the hills and plateaus in the city 
 and vicinity are more and more crowded with the 
 abodes of wealth, not only of modern structure but 
 those whose walls have been rebuilt and enlarged ; 
 among the latter, the former residence of Jacob and 
 Thomas Powell, now of Homer Ramsdell ; that of 
 Samuel Downing, now of William W. Carson ; and 
 that of William Leach, now of S. R. Van Duzer, 
 the latter mainly the result of the skill of the late 
 Dr. Hull. While on Water Street may lie readily 
 detected the prevailing architecture of places of busi- 
 ness at different periods, on Grand, Liberty, and in- 
 deed on almost all of the upper street.s may be seen 
 that of residences, the headquarters hou.e represent- 
 ing the earliest. More creditable to the city are these 
 of the later period, from the fact that they are a ]ier- 
 petual tribute to the memory of Andrew J. Downing, 
 who, born amid the scenes which have been so briefly 
 sketched, grafted his pure and artistic perceptions not 
 only upon the community in which he lived, but 
 upon the nation. 
 
 In the architecture and appointment of its churches, 
 its schools, and its public buildings improvement is 
 everywhere apparent in the city. The years are but 
 few since it could with truth be written, " In New- 
 burgh are many very ugly places of worship ; and as 
 the city rises abruptly from the river, their ungainly 
 proportions are, of course, prominent in every di- 
 rection ;" but it can be written with truth no longer, 
 for since it was penned (1857) not less than $250,000 
 have been expended by different denominations in 
 the building and in the improvement of church edi- 
 fices. Perhaps in no class of buildings is the change 
 more marked, unless it be in those which have been 
 erected for free schools. 
 
 Not the least in the evidences of progress are the 
 
 dispositions which have from time to time been made 
 of the Glebe. Covering nearly one-half of the terri- 
 tory of the city, it has necessarily entered into much 
 of its history. Each half-century has brought its 
 changes. Under the act of April 10, 1855, by which 
 persons holding its lands by lease were enabled to ob- 
 tain titles in fee-simple, by the payment of such sums 
 
 I of money as would yield an annual interest equal to 
 the annual rent, a very considerable portion of the 
 tract has been converted into fee-simple titles. The 
 annual income, which, until 1869, was expended 
 yearly in the support of schools, ha.s, since that time, 
 been found to establish an income upon which to 
 found a School of Design, an object which, when ac- 
 
 ; complished, will indeed be a monument to the an- 
 cient bequest, from which w-ill flow, if not the 
 temples and the mighty works of ancient Rome, 
 generations of mechanics converted by its instru- 
 
 I mentality into thinkers as well as practical workers. 
 
 * The residence of Daniel Rogers, tlie two Crawford mansions, and 
 that of James S. Brown were erected about and prior to 1S34. 
 
 IV.-VILLAGES, HAMLETS, STREAMS, Etc. 
 
 The town of Newbui-gh is in the extreme north- 
 ^ eastern part of the county. It has a river-front of 
 seven miles, and extends westward from eight to 
 eleven miles. It is about sixty miles in a northerly 
 direction from New York, eighty-three miles south of 
 Albany, fifty miles east of the Delaware River, one 
 hundred and twenty miles from the head of Cayuga 
 Lake, and two hundred and fifty miles from Lake 
 Erie in a straight line. It contains 26,870 acres of 
 land, and had, in 1875, a population of 3543. The 
 surface of the town is stony, and is broken into high 
 hills, which run northeast and southwest. The soil is 
 composed of deposits of clay, sand, and loam, and 
 along the river is warm, productive, and well culti- 
 vated. In the western part of the town the soil is not 
 so deep and warm, and requires more laborious culture. 
 The rock formations are principally slate and lime. 
 
 The city of Newburgh lies in the southeast part of 
 the original town of Newburgh. It contains 1570 
 acres of land, and has a population of 17,433. It has 
 a river-front of about two miles. Its harbor is the 
 best on the Hudson, extending ( including the frontage 
 of the town) a distance of about eight miles, with a 
 width from one mile to one mile and a quarter, and a 
 depth of from five to seven fathoms, and is protected 
 from storms by ranges of mountains which, extending 
 from the river in a northerly and westerly direction, 
 describe nearly a semicircle. 
 
 The city and the town are alike remarkable for 
 their healthfulness of climate, and for the variety and 
 beauty of their natural scenery. As has been already 
 stated, the city was originally settled by German 
 Palatinates ; the town by English immigrants from 
 the eastern provinces and from the county of West- 
 chester. The character of the population of the 
 former was gradually changed, and that of the latter 
 became divided into English, Scotch, and Irish nation- 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 279 
 
 lities. The site of the city was first called by the 
 ilgonquin title Qiiassaici-, from tlie root terms qnssuk, 
 iguifying stone or rock, and ick, — literally, stony 
 ind. The present name was first applied by Alex- 
 nder Colden in 1743, and is from Newburgh, a town 
 :i Scotland, on the river Tay, which it resembles in 
 lany of its physical features.* 
 
 BALMVILLK. 
 A small collection of houses two miles north of the 
 ity of Newburgh, and named from a large tree grow- 
 :ig there commonly called Balm of Gilead, which is 
 emarkable for the strong balsamic scent of its leaves 
 nd buds.f The place was part of the original Ger- 
 lan Patent; was formerly called Hampton, and was 
 ne of the commercial centres of the town as early as 
 7(57. In later times the freighting business was con- 
 ucted here by Daniel Smith, and subsequently by 
 he Messrs. Butterworth. The village has a district 
 chool, a burying-ground, and one or two shops. In 
 he vicinity are several fine country-seats. 
 
 MIDDLEHOPE. 
 A small hamlet four miles north of the city of New- 
 lurgh, and formerly called Jliddletown because half- 
 ray between Newburgh and Marlborough. It has a 
 lost-ofiice and a store ; a Methodist and a Presbyterian 
 3iurch; a district school, and a cemetery under the 
 itle of " Highland Cemetery," owned by an associa- 
 ion organized under the general statute of the State. 
 Lfter the establishment of a post-office here, consider- 
 ble difficulty arose out of the fact that there was 
 nother of the same name in the county ; and, at the 
 uggestion of the Postmaster-General, a meeting of 
 he residents in the neighborhood was held for the 
 lurpose of changing the title. At this meeting sev- 
 iral names were proposed and rejected, until finally 
 he late Mr. James P. Brown, recollecting that there 
 ras a village in Scotland, the land of his birth, by 
 he name of Hopeton, proposed that of Middlehope, 
 vhich was adopted. 
 
 * The first applicatiou of the present name was to that portion of the 
 atent long known as the "Old Town of Newburgh Plot" (1731). It 
 ras next applied to the palish (1752), then to the precinct (176:i), then to 
 he town (1788), to the village at its incorporation (1800), and retained 
 n the title of the city. 
 
 + In regard to this remarkable tree, — which is certainlj' the " oldest 
 nhabitant" of the town, — Mr. Gilbert Williams, now (1875) in his eight- 
 etli year, and who became a resident in its vicinity in 1808, relates that 
 t'hen in Nova Scotia (where he resided for nine years prior to 1832) he 
 lecame acfiuaiuted with John Cosman, who was an apprentice to Wil- 
 iani Bloomer before the Kevolntion, who slated that while he was an 
 .pprentice he had shod horses under it many a time, and that it was a 
 arge tree then. Mr. Williams measured the tree in lH;i2,atid its circum- 
 erence (two feet from the ground) was fifteen feet two inches. He 
 neasnred it again in 1808, and founil it to be nineteen feet five inches, 
 bowing its growth to have been four feet and three inches in thirty-six 
 fears. His own recollection of the tree added to Cosman's carries it back 
 It least a hundred yeai-s, from which data and that of its rate of growth 
 le is convinced that its age is nuich greater than that given to it by the 
 >eniott tradition. The tree was evidently planted by some person, as it 
 s not an indigenous one. The fii-st settler-s were there in 170!1, and may 
 iave brought it with them, but the probabdities favor a later period. It 
 8 decaying now, and will soon be gone. 
 
 THE BANS KAMER. 
 "De Duyfel's Dans Kanier!" (the Devil's Dance 
 Chamber), so the point of land forming the north- 
 western head of Newburgh Bay was described by 
 some Dutch skipper more than two centuries ago. 
 It has ever since borne the title of The Dans Kamer. 
 The first notice of it occurs in the journal of De- 
 Vries, under date of April 2(i, 1640 ; and as De- 
 Laet, in his very minute description of the river, 
 written in 1624, makes no mention of it, the name 
 must have originated between 1624 and 1640. An 
 explanation of the origin of the name is found in 
 certain religious rites of the Indians, which were 
 often performed here. These rites consisted in the 
 worship of their God Bachtanio, and were denominated 
 " devil worship" by the Dutch. For the celebration 
 of this worship, the Indians held meetings prior to 
 starting on expeditions of hunting, fishing, or war, to 
 ascertain whether they would be successful or not. 
 "At these meetings," says a paper describing the 
 natives of New Netherland, written in 1611, "con- 
 jurors act a wonderful part. These tumble, with 
 strange contortions, head over heels; beat themselves, 
 leap with a hideous noise through and around a large 
 fire. Finally they all raise a tremendous caterwauling, 
 when the devil ajjpears (they s.ay) in the shape of a 
 ravenous or a harmless animal, — the first betokens 
 something bad, the second something good." Lieut. 
 Couwenhoven witnessed an exhibition of this char- 
 acter at the Dans Kamer during the war with the 
 Esopus Indians, in 1663. J The spot was dedicated to 
 this rude worship, and was so occupied for perhaps a 
 hundred years after the discovery of the Hudson. In 
 point of fact, there were two dance chambers, — the 
 first being the rocky point which juts out into the 
 river, called in the original deed " the little dans 
 kamer;" and the second, the plateau occupied by the 
 Armstrong residence, whicli is specified in the same 
 instrument as "the large dans kamer." The little 
 dans kamer has a level surface of perhaps half an 
 acre, and is separated from the mainland by a marsh 
 over which the water flows at times, while the large 
 dans kamer embraces a plot of ten acres. 
 
 HAMPTON. 
 This name was given by William Acker, son of 
 Wolvert Acker, to the farm of his father, now the 
 residence of Mr. Alexander Young, and is said to 
 mean " a house or farm on a hill." It is in the ex- 
 treme northeastern part of the town, and has a land- 
 ing on the Hudson, from which Wolvert Acker estab- 
 lished a ferry (known as Acker's Ferry) soon after the 
 
 Revolution. 
 
 FOSTERTOWN. 
 
 This is a hamlet about four miles northwest from 
 the cit)'. The patent on which it is located was first 
 settled in 1768, by John Foster, William Foster, 
 
 X " Documentary History of New York." The dances were discon. 
 tinned under an order of the English government. 
 
280 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 1 
 
 Richard Ward, and John Griggs. The lands of John 
 Foster were sold by him to James Innis, the father 
 of William Innis; and the place owned by WiUiaiii 
 Foster is now or lately occupied by David Wyatt. 
 The descendants of Richard Ward and John Griggs 
 continue to hold the lauds of their fathers. The Fos- 
 tertown Methodist Episcopal Church is in this neigh- 
 borhood. There is also a district school. 
 
 ROSSVILLE. 
 This is the name of a section of the town about six 
 miles northwest of the city of Newburgh, and was 
 originally covered by the Wallace Patent. As pre- 
 viously stated, this patent was purchased by Joseph 
 Penny, who sold about 250 acres to Robert Ross, and 
 divided the remainder among his sons. Mr. Ross is 
 said to have been the first to settle on the patent, 
 where he established a tannery. As early, probably, 
 as 1770 he built a substantial stone house, which is 
 still standing, and forms a part of the residence of 
 John L. Aderton, who now owns the place. The sons 
 of Robert Ross — Alexander and William — subse- 
 quently attained distinction in the town, and their 
 birthplace was called Rossville.* There is a Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church here, a district school, and a 
 post-office and store. The post-office address is Savill, 
 a name of no local significance ; it was bestowed by 
 the late Chauncey F. Belknap in honor of his son, 
 
 Savill.t 
 
 LUPTONDALE. 
 
 This is a district and not a haml«t. It lies in the 
 northwest part of the town, about seven miles from 
 the city, and is not unfrequently called " Quaker 
 Street." Mr. Birdsall, who bestowed the name, states, 
 " They call the road west of the lake Rocky Forest, 
 the name given to it by Mr. Kipp, and I gave this 
 road the name of Luptondale in honor of William 
 Lupton, who owned this part of the old patent." 
 
 ROCKY FOREST. 
 This district embraces the western part of the patent 
 to Jacobus Kipp and Company. Orange Lake ad- 
 joins it on the east, and from its elevation the views 
 from many of its dwellings are unsurpassed in extent 
 and variety. The name was conferred from the phy- 
 
 * Alexander Rosb filled a number of military and civil officee with the 
 approbation of the public. He died in 1S26. His children were William, 
 James, Alexander, Emeline, Mary, and Agnes. Emeline was the first 
 wife of George W. Kerr, Esq., of Newburgh ; Mary married ,\uthany 
 Houston. — D. C. Houston, Col. Engineers U.S.A., and Theo. Houston, 
 vice-president of the New York, Ontario and Western Railroad, are her 
 sons; Agnes married Thomas T. Keene, now of Oshkosh, Mich. Wil- 
 liam Ross has been noticed elsewhere. (See ''Bench and Bar.") 
 
 t The name and the post-office had their origin in Mr. Belknap's 
 office. The circum-stances were these : An old gentleman from Rossville 
 called at Mr. Belknap's office, and in convei-sation on neighborhood 
 matters Mr. Belknap jokingly asked him why they did not have a post- 
 office there? The gentleman replied ho did not suppose one could be 
 obtained. "Nothing easier," said Mr. Belknap, and turning to hie desk 
 he drew up a petition, which was signed by himself and Mr. Tliomas 
 George and forwarded to Washington, expecting that that would be the 
 last of it. The department, however, regarded the application as having 
 been made in good faith, and established the office and appointed a post- 
 master. 
 
 sical features of a portion of the district, which was 
 originally and emphatically a rocky forest. Henry 
 W. Kipp, son of Jacobus, was the first settler here, 
 and continued his residence as late as 1778, when he 
 was enrolled as an exempt for military tax. 
 
 GARDNERTOWN. 
 This is a small settlement four mile.s northwest of 
 the city of Newburgh, so called from Silas Gardner, 
 one of the first settlers. There is a neat Methodist 
 Episcopal church here, also a .store or tavern, a dis- 
 trict school, and one or two shops. A short distance 
 south of the church stands the old residence of the 
 original jiroprietor, — a massive stone structure of a 
 style of architecture quite prevalent a century or so 
 ago. In the same vicinity is the mill owned for 
 many years by David Bond, but originally established 
 by Gardner. 
 
 GID.NEYTOWN. 
 
 The settlement known as Gidneytown originally 
 embraced the patent to John Spratt, which was pur- 
 chased about the year 1760 by Eleazer Gidney, whose 
 four sons, Joseph, Daniel, David, and Eleazer, about 
 that time settled upon it. A part of the original 
 purchase remains in the possession of the family. 
 
 DUBOIS' MILLS. 
 The water-power of the Quassaick Creek was first 
 applied to practical use at the place long known as 
 DuBois' Mills, about one mile and a half west of its 
 confluence with the Hudson. Alexander Golden 
 erected a mill here as early, jirobably, as 1743. This 
 mill was one of the oldest, if not the first built, in 
 this region. Colden sold it, and parts of lots No. 1 
 and No. 2 of the German Patent, to Jonathan Has- 
 brouck, by deed dated May 3, 1753.}: It remained in 
 the possession of the Hasbroucks until after the Revo- 
 lution, and during the war was frequently occupied 
 by the militia when called out on alarms. The Has- 
 broucks sold it to a Mr. Van Keuren. From him it 
 was bought by a Mr. Dickonson, who occupied it in 
 1798. Subsequently it became the property of Gen. 
 Nathaniel DuBois, who erected in connection with it 
 a saw-mill and a fulling-mill. It remained in his 
 hands upwards of forty years. After his death it was 
 purchased by a Mr. Weygant, who sold it to James 
 R. Dickson. Mr. Dickson removed it (October, 1859), 
 enlarged the water-power by a substantial stone dam, 
 thus forming a lake covering some twenty-nine acres, 
 and erected a large brick flouring-mill with six run of 
 stone. Messrs. Enoch Carter and William B. Sanxay 
 purcha.sed from Mr. Dickson, and conveyed the prop- 
 erty (1871) to the Messrs. Chadwick, who converted 
 it into a bleachery of cotton cloths and erected addi- 
 tional buildings. 
 
 I The price paid by Hasbrouck was S1050 for 100 acres, " together with 
 the grist-mill and the appurtenances thereof, the mill-house, the mill- 
 dam and dams, also the bolting-chests or boxes, bolts, bolting-clothe,, 
 wheat-screena, and all other implements and utensils." — VUter Jiecord of 
 Deeds, E. E., 501 . 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 281 
 
 NEW MILLS. 
 
 The second enterprise of this sort, in the vicinity of 
 DuBois' Mills, was Abel Belknap's (subsequently 
 Daniel Niven's) grist-mill, about a mile and a quar- 
 ter west of the city, south of the Cochecton turnpike, 
 — now reconstructed and occupied as a woolen-mill. 
 It was erected by Mr. Belknaj) some years prior to the 
 Revolution, and was continued by Mr. Niven until 
 his death in 1S09. The third was undertaken by 
 Chancey, Joseph, Thomas, and Daniel Belknap, under 
 the firm of C. Belknap & Co., who erected, in 1802, a 
 large flouring-mill, and constructed a canal — the first, 
 probably, in the State — to supply the water-power. 
 This mill soon came to be called the " New Mills," and 
 the name was extended to the hamlet which grew up 
 around it. At the time of its erection it was one of 
 the largest mills in the country; and for several years 
 its proprietors were the only Newburgh firm repre- 
 sented on 'change in New York. It said that when 
 it was built there was but one dwelling — a log house 
 — between it and the then village, and a considerable 
 portion of what is now Broadway (Western Avenue) 
 was still covered with heavy timber. It was pur- 
 chased from the Belknaps by the late Jame.s Halstead, 
 from whom it passed to William H. Beede. It was 
 destroyed by fire (Oct. 6, 184(5), and a new mill was 
 erected on its site by Mr. Beede, in 1847. Mr. James 
 Ross is its present owner. The district is now known 
 as 
 
 WEST NEWBURGH. 
 
 A fine school building, erected by the Board of 
 Education of the city, is located here ; the Third (or 
 Grace) Methodist Episcopal church ; a fire-engine 
 and house ; the lime-kilns of Messrs. W. R. & C. L. 
 Brown ; several stores and manufacturing establish- 
 ments, the latter including two tanneries ; and also a 
 considerable number of improved dwellings. The 
 Highland Hat-Works are a short distance west. 
 
 POWDER MILLS. 
 
 About four miles northwest of the citj', in the town 
 of Newburgh, are the powder-works of LatHin & 
 Rand. The mill privilege here was originally occu- 
 pied by Foster's saw-mill. It was purchased by Asa 
 Taylor in 1816, who erected mills for the manufacture 
 of powder. Mr. Daniel Rogers jiurchased the prop- 
 erty in 1817, improved the mills, and converted them 
 into over thirty substantial stone structures. He con- 
 tinued the manufacture of gunpowder until 1838. 
 Mr. Rogers' sons subsequently conducted the works 
 for a few years. The present owners enlarged the 
 works, which are now, as they were under Mr. Rogers, 
 among the most complete and extensive in the 
 country. 
 
 BELKNAP'S RIDGE. 
 
 This is about four miles west of the city. Its name 
 is in honor of the Belknap family, who purchased 
 and settled here in 1749-50. 
 19 
 
 EAST COLDENHAM. 
 A name originally given by Governor Colden to 
 his settlement in the town of Montgomery, and still 
 retained there, but subsequently extended to the 
 hamlet in the southwest part of the town of New- 
 burgh, about six miles from the city. The East 
 Coldenham post-office is located here ; there is also 
 a hotel and one or two shops. 
 
 ORANGE LAKE. 
 This body of water lies in the northwestern part of 
 the town, and covers about 400 acres. Its aboriginal 
 name was Qussuk, or stony pond, from the large num- 
 ber of bowlders on its western shore. The present 
 name was conferred by the Rev. Dr. James Wilson, 
 who resided in its vicinity. It is fed by internal 
 springs, and by small streams which flow into it. Its 
 outlet is the Quassaick Creek. The principal fact of 
 historical interest in connection with it is the erec- 
 tion of a coinage-mill, near its outlet, by Capt. Thomas 
 Machin, about the year 1787-88. Capt. Machin be- 
 gan to build a grist- and saw-mill here in 1784, and 
 gave the name of New Grange to the place. In 1787 
 he formed a copartnership with several residents of 
 the city of New York for the purpose of coining 
 money. The firm was soon after incorporated with a 
 similar company chartered by the State of Vermont,* 
 and continued business for a few years. The coins of 
 this mill are to be found in specimens of Vermont 
 currency of 1787, etc., and are probably those known 
 as " Vermon Auctori." No coins of other States were 
 issued, as operations were conducted solely under the 
 Vermont charter. 
 
 QUASSAICK CREEK. 
 This stream is composed of the outlet of Orange 
 Lake and of the Fostertown and Tent-Stone Meadow 
 
 * On the 18th of April, 1787, Capt. Machin formed a copartnership 
 with Samuel Atlee, James F. Atlee, David Brooks, James Grier, and 
 James Giles, all of New York. The term specified for its continuance 
 was seven years, with a capital of £300. The firm seems to have been 
 formed for the avowed purpose of coining copper, providing Congress, 
 or any of the State Legislatures, enacted a law allowing individuals to 
 coin money. As the object was to make money, a small capital was con- 
 sidered sufficient for the undertaking. On the 7th of June following 
 that firm formed a copartnership with one then existing, which con- 
 sisted of four partners, — Keuben Harman, Esq., William Coley, of Ben- 
 nington Co., Vt., Elias Jackson, of Litchfield Co., Conn., and Daniel Van 
 Voorhis, goldsmith, of the city of New York, — for a term of eight years 
 from the tirst of the following July, that being the limitation of an act 
 of the Legislature of Vemiont to said Harman for the coinage of copper. 
 
 At Machin's mills perhaps a thousand pounds of copper was manufac- 
 tured, as appears by his papers, in the year 1789, previous to which time 
 little seems to have been done. The business appears to have been dis- 
 continued in 1790, for in a letter from J. F. Atlee to Mr. Machin, dated 
 Yergennes, Oct. 14, 1790, he expresses a wish that the concern might 
 arrive at a settlement on erjuitable terms, and compromise their matters 
 without a tedious and expensive lawsuit. — Simms' " Hislory of Schoharie 
 Conutify" ."iOe. 
 
 Capt. Machin died at Charleston, Schoharie Co., April 3, 1816, aged 
 seventy-two years. During the llevolution, he superintended the con- 
 struction of the chain and other obstructions to the navigation of Hud- 
 son's River, and rendered other important service. He settled in New- 
 burgh at the close of the war, and subsequently removed to Schoharie 
 County. " In the camp and in retirement his qualifications were bolden 
 in very high consideration." 
 
282 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Creeks. Though sometimes called Chambers' Creek, 
 
 from the fact of its having been the north bounds in 
 
 part of the patent to Chambers and Sutherland, its 
 
 Indian name now prevails. Its water-power is very 
 
 durable, and has been largely employed from an early 
 
 period. The question of the right of the creek to be 
 
 regarded as the natural outlet of the lake was made a 
 
 subject of legal controversy in 1825, it being assumed 
 
 by the contestants that that outlet was a small stream 
 
 forther west ; but this assumption was not sustained 
 
 by the court. 
 
 FOSTERTOWN CREEK. 
 
 This stream rises in Ulster County, flows through 
 Fostertown and Gidneytown, and empties into the 
 Quassaick Creek. At Gidneytown it takes the name 
 of Gidneytown Creek. 
 
 TENT-STONE MEADOW CREEK. 
 This creek rises in a large swamp in Ulster County, 
 known many years ago as the Tent-Stone Meadow. 
 It flows through Eossville, and empties into the 
 Quassaick at the powder-mills. The name of the 
 creek is given as recorded on a map of the town made 
 by W. W. Sackett, in 1798, now on record in the office 
 of the Secretary of State, Albany. 
 
 BUSHFIELD'S CREEK. 
 This creek has its source in a swamj) in the town of 
 Plattekill, known as the Stone Dam Meadow from the 
 fact that across the south end of the swamp is a stone 
 dam about one hundred and fifty yards long, three 
 feet high, regularly built and now in good preserva- 
 tion. Neither the period at which it was erected, nor 
 by whom it was built, are known.* The creek issues 
 through a sluiceway in this dam and empties into 
 Orange Lake. Its original name was Beaver Dam 
 Creek ; the present name was given in honor of 
 James W. Bushfield. 
 
 DENTON'S CREEK. 
 A small stream having its source west of Middle- 
 hope and flowing south and east to the Hudson south 
 of Balmville. It formerly furnished power for a lathe 
 near the public highway, and also for the grist-mill 
 of Nehemiah Denton (from whom its name was 
 given), near its confluence with the Hudson. On 
 the map of survey in 1717 it is called Brandywine 
 Creek, a name suggestive of the " tipple" of the sur- 
 veyor rather than of the quality of the water. 
 
 POWELLTON BROOK. 
 This is the outlet of Powellton Spring. It flows to 
 the Hudson a short distance north of North Street. 
 
 RACCOON HILL. 
 This is north of King's Hill, and is so called from 
 its having been infested with raccoons. 
 
 * The early settlers attributed the erection of this dam to the beavers. 
 The work is certainly not beyond the skill of these ingenious animals. 
 
 ACKER'S CREEK. 
 A small stream which runs through the northern 
 part of the town for a short distance and joins the 
 Hudson in the town of Marlborough. It was formerly 
 called Jew's Creek, from a Mr. Gomoz, a Jew, who 
 held a portion of the Harrison Patent. The present 
 name is a memorial of Wolvert Acker, who had a 
 grist-mill and a saw-mill upon it. 
 
 TROUT BROOK. 
 This brook flows north through Middlehope and 
 empties into Acker's Creek. 
 
 POLL ROSE'S POND. 
 A sheet of water on Broadway (Western Avenue) 
 near the New Mills ; more recently called Taggert's 
 Pond. The outlet at the south end formerly fur- 
 nished power for a turning-lathe. The original name 
 was from a woman who lived many years at the head 
 of the pond on the avenue. 
 
 SPRINGS. 
 Powellton Spring is on the Powell estate, north of 
 North Street. Ledyard's Spring is on the Ledyard 
 farm, west of New Mills. Cold Spring is south of 
 Washington Street, near the public school. The latter 
 was for some years the principal source of supply of 
 water for the village, and the former were examined 
 in connection with the increase of the supply in 1852. 
 
 FITZPATRICK'S POND. 
 This pond, known to some extent as Carpenter's 
 Pond, is west of Powell Avenue and north of Gidney 
 Avenue. It originally covered about half an acre, 
 
 KING'S HILL, 
 An eminence in the northwest part of the town, 
 over the crown of which passes the boundary line be- 
 tween the towns of Newburgh and Montgomery. The 
 name is derived from a Mr. King, an old settler, whose 
 descendants still reside in the town. 
 
 CRONOMER'S HILL. 
 This is about three miles northwest of the city, and 
 is so called from having been the residence of an In- 
 dian named Cronomer, prior to the Revolution. One 
 of the lots on the farm late of J. Cornish is still known 
 as " the hut lot," where Cronomer had his cabin. 
 Tradition affirms that Cronomer once pointed out a 
 deposit of lead-ore on this hill, and that, during the 
 Revolution, it was examined with a view to opening 
 it ; but where it was located does not appear. 
 
 LIMESTONE HILL. 
 A ridge of limestone about two miles northwest of 
 the city of Newburgh. 
 
 MUCHATTOES HILL. 
 This extends from the southern part of the town 
 into New Windsor. The Newburgh almshouse is 
 situated on the northeastern spur, and along its east- 
 ern base are several finely-cultivated farms and vine- 
 yards. The northeast front of the hill is almost per- 
 pendicular, while the west side is smooth and of 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 283 
 
 gentle declivity. It was known for many years as 
 inake Hill, from the fact of its being infested with 
 snakes at the early settlement of the town. 
 
 WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 The building now so generally known as " Wash- 
 ington's Headquarters at Newburgh" is situated on 
 Liberty Street, in the south part 
 of the city. It is constructed of 
 rough stone ; is one story high, 
 fifty-six feet front by forty-six feet 
 in depth, and is located on what 
 was originally lot No. 2 of the 
 German Patent. The title to the 
 lot was vested, by the patent re- 
 ferred to, in Herman Schone- 
 man, a native of the Palatinate 
 of Germany, who sold, in 1721, 
 to James Alexander, who subse- 
 quently sold to Alexander Col- 
 den and Burger Meynders, by 
 whom the property wis conveyed 
 by Jonathan Hasbrouck. The 
 southeast corner of the building, 
 more particularly shown by the 
 walls and the timbers of the roof 
 remaining in the attic, is the old- 
 est portion, but by whom erected 
 is not positively known. The northeast cor- 
 ner was erected by Hasbrouck in 1750, and 
 the west half was added by him in 1770, and 
 one roof thrown over the whole. The dates 
 of the additions are cut upon stones in the 
 walls. The building was made the head- 
 quarters of Washington in the spring of 
 1782, and remained in his occupation until 
 Aug. 18, 1783. The general incidents oc- 
 curring during that period have already 
 been narrated. As is shown by the account 
 which he rendered to the government, 
 Washington maintained here his own house- 
 hold.* While in his occupation the large 
 room, which is entered from the piazza on 
 the east, known "as the room with seven 
 doors and one window," was the dining- 
 and sitting-room ; the northeast room was 
 Washington's bedroom, and the room im- 
 mediately adjoining on the left his private 
 office. t The family room was that in the 
 southeast; the kitchen was the southwest 
 room ; the parlor the northwest room, and 
 between the latter and the former was the 
 store-room, J hall, and staircase. The prop- 
 erty remained in the Hasbrouck family until 1849, 
 
 * No part of the building was occupied by the Hasbroucke, afl has gen- 
 erally been supposed, during Washington's residence. 
 
 f Tradition has assigned this room to Hamilton ; but it is now conclu- 
 sively known that that officer was not a member of Washington's staff at 
 the time, nor even a visitant. 
 
 X So called from having been used by Col. Hasbrouck as a store. 
 
 when the title became vested in the people of the 
 State under the foreclosure of a mortgage given to the 
 commissioners to loan certain moneys of the United 
 States. By act of the Legislature, passed April 10, 
 1850, it was placed in the care of the board of trus- 
 tees of the village of Newburgh, to be preserved as 
 nearly as possible as it was at the time of its occu- 
 
 WASHINCtTON'S headquartees- 
 
 ■^•95 
 
 -FROM THE EAST. 
 
 tsi 
 
 B 
 
 
 ? 
 
 m 
 
 to 
 
 A 
 
 
 9sr 
 
 
 
 ST 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 s 
 
 9 
 
 
 *t 
 
 G 
 
 >»• 
 
 dOOlS 
 
 GROITXD PLAN. 
 
 A, Sitting Room ; B, Family Room (oldest part of building) ; C, Kitchen ; 
 I), Hall; E, Washington's Parlor; F, Washington's Private Room (com- 
 municating with) G, Washington's Bed-room; H, Store-room. 
 
 pation by Washington. The building was at once 
 restored, by a committee appointed by the board of 
 trustees, and the place formally dedicated on the 4th 
 of July, 1850. The care of the property passed to 
 the city authorities, by the city charter, where it 
 remained until 1874, when the Legislature appointed, 
 
284 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 by act of May 11th, a board of trustees to hold and 
 maintain it. A large, and in some departments valu- 
 able, collection of manuscripts and relics is now de- 
 posited in the building, for which, as well as for 
 the initiatory steps by which the State authorities 
 were induced to purchase the property, the public are 
 mainly indebted to the late Enoch Carter, although 
 many articles of value have been added by other par- 
 ties, and especially by the State and the Federal 
 authorities.* The trees now growing were planted 
 by residents of Newburgh and vicinity. 
 
 THE VALE. 
 
 Originally a beautiful valley extending up the 
 Quassaick Creek for half a mile from its mouth. A 
 few years ago it was a favorite resort, and frequently 
 visited by strangers, but is now mainly occupied by 
 the Branch Railroad and the Pennsylvania Coal Com- 
 pany. There is a tradition that, in the house once 
 occupied by Mr. Richard Trimble, and more recently 
 by Mr. Hale, Mr. Roe, and others, but which was 
 known in the days of the Revolution as Ettrick Grove, 
 an attempt was made to betray Washington, whose 
 headquarters were then at the Ellison House, New 
 Windsor. Ettrick Grove was then occupied by Col. 
 Ettrick, a zealous Tory. The story goes that Wash- 
 ington had accepted an invitation to dine with Col. 
 Ettrick, who had, meanwhile, made arrangements 
 with a company of Tories to take him prisoner. Wash- 
 ington, warned of the design, ordered a detachment 
 of the life-guard, dressed in the English uniform, to 
 be on the ground before the arrival of the Tories. 
 When this detachment made its appearance, Wash- 
 ington's host, supposing them to be his Tory friends, 
 stepped up to him and accosted him as hi.s prisoner. 
 Washington looked at his troops for a moment and 
 replied, " I believe not, sir, but you are mine." The 
 treacherous host was spared his life, through the in- 
 tercession of his daughter, who had betrayed her 
 father's intention, and he was permitted to remove 
 to Nova Scotia. The story has some elements of 
 probability. 
 
 PUBLIC STOCKS. 
 
 By colonial law, minor offenses were punished by 
 confinement in the public stocks, or by public whip- 
 ping, and each town and precinct had its whipping- 
 post and stocks. Those erected in Newburgh were in 
 Water Street, opposite the Highland Bank, and were 
 standing after the commencement of the present cen- 
 tury. A map of the property of Thomas Golden, 
 made in 1791, shows the location. The stocks con- 
 sisted of a frame resembling a heavy square box, on 
 the edge of which were seats. The bar for confining 
 the feet of prisoners was about fourteen feet in length, 
 and was secured by heavy padlocks. Near the centre 
 
 * The state coutributed trophy and other guns from the old arsenal. 
 Thirty trophy guns were added by orderof Hon. W. W. Belknap in 1S73. 
 
 of the frame stood the whipping-post, which was some 
 ten feet high, with arms placed in an angular position. 
 The stocks were probably removed in 1810 or '12. 
 
 NEWBURGH MARKET. 
 
 The act incorporating the village gave the board of 
 trustees power to establish a market and lease the 
 stands, and a building for that purpose was erected at 
 the foot of Third, now the west line of Front Street. 
 The first lea.sing of stands occurred in 1811, when Jas. 
 Lyon, Ed. Griswold, Chas. Birdsall, and David Tice 
 were licensed as butchers, — Birdsall and Griswold 
 occupying two stands each. Wm. Mathewson also 
 occupied one for several years. The building was of 
 wood, one story high, and open as represented in the 
 engraving. Third Street divided and ran on the north 
 and south sides of the market to the ferry and public 
 landing. During the winters, when the stands were 
 not occupied, the lads had merry times in riding down 
 "McAuley's Hill," as Third Street was called, and 
 shooting through the market. The building was re- 
 moved in 1822 or '2.3, and about the same time a new 
 market of improved architecture was erected by John 
 Neely, on the north side of Third Street, east of 
 Water. The amended charter of 1836 relieved the 
 trustees from the duty of providing a market build- 
 ing, and that then in use was removed or converted 
 to other use. 
 
 HAY-SCALES. 
 
 The Hay-scales were a landmark on Western Ave- 
 nue for over a quarter of a century. They were 
 erected in 1806, and by the subsequent opening of 
 Grand Street were left standing on a small triangle 
 at the junction of that street and the avenue, where 
 they remained in use until Jan. 8, 1838, when they 
 were prostrated during a remarkably heavy gale of 
 wind. The scales were of peculiar construction, and 
 were composed of a beam from which chains were 
 suspended for raising the teams which were to be 
 weighed. The north end was inclosed for a weigh- 
 ing-room, and the roof was extended south to cover 
 the beam. It will be inferred, of course, that the 
 structure was the approved pattern of the times ; 
 platform scales were then unknown. 
 
 V.-CENSUS RETURNS. 
 
 Although enumerations of the inhabitants of the 
 several precincts of New York were made at an early 
 period, the returns are very imperfect. The early tax 
 and military rolls, which have been given elsewhere, 
 supply more correct information. An enumeration 
 of the inhabitants of the precinct was taken in 1782, 
 pursuant to an act of the Provincial Convention en- 
 titled "An act for taking the number of white inhab- 
 itants within this State," passed March 20th of that 
 
NEWBUKGH. 
 
 285 
 
 year. It gave a population to Newburgh of 1487, 
 divided as follows : Males under 16, 429 ; over 16 and 
 under 60, 252; over 60, 37. Females under 16, 368; 
 over 16, 371. Number of persons making New- 
 burgh their place of abode " by reason of the in- 
 vasion of the enemy," 154, viz.: Males under 16, 
 36 ; over 16 and under 60, 26 ; over 60, 6. Females 
 under 16, 42 ; over 16, 44. 
 
 In 1785 the pr.ecinct was divided into road dis- 
 tricts, and a record made of the persons assessed for 
 highway labor. This list embraces three hundred 
 and nineteen names. In addition to these general 
 facts, the following list of persons assessed for high- 
 way labor in 1785 is of value : 
 
 George Stanton. 
 William Stanton. 
 Kichard Wanl. 
 Nathanifl Coleman. 
 Samuel Bond. 
 Joshua Burnet. 
 John Sinipson. 
 William Russell. 
 Neheniiah Taylor. 
 Gilbert Edmonds. 
 Kobert Pool. 
 Jonathan Norris. 
 Samuel Weed. 
 Martin Wygant, Jr. 
 Robert Brockway. 
 Beiij. Knap. 
 John Jeftries. 
 Samuel Coleman. 
 Joseph Bond. 
 Samuel Gardner. 
 Joseph Gidney, Sr. 
 Joseph Gidney, Jr. 
 William Gidney. 
 Timothy Lockwood. 
 Elisha King. 
 George Devall. 
 William Ward. 
 Doct. Hlorrison. 
 Richard King. 
 Cornelius Wood. 
 Derick Ammernian. 
 William Truraper. 
 George Westlake. 
 Samuel Westlake. 
 Jeremiah Goldsmith. 
 William Belknap. 
 Caleb Chase. 
 Cornelius Hasbrouck. 
 James Waring. 
 Herman Chase. 
 Janies Owens. 
 James Harris. 
 Wni. Wear. 
 Henry Evens. 
 Joshua Brush. 
 John Truniper. 
 Benj. King. 
 Clement King. 
 Jonathan Cosmau. 
 Ruleph Cosmau. 
 John Whitehead. 
 Archibald Elliot. 
 Nicholas Watts. 
 Robert Ross. 
 John Dolsan. 
 David Guion. 
 Zebulon Robinson. 
 Josepii Penny, Jr. 
 
 Francis Harford. 
 Samuel Sands. 
 Joshua Lockwood. 
 Black Peter. 
 Robert Beaty. 
 Samuel Sly. 
 John Shay. 
 George Shay. 
 Charles Denniston. 
 Tho. Hinks._ 
 Richard Hudson. 
 Henry Geralderman. 
 Thomas Donally. 
 James Guthery. 
 William Wilson. 
 Joseph Penny. 
 William Albertson. 
 Martin Wygant. 
 EInathan Eoster. 
 John Graham. 
 Henry Smith. 
 Thomas Smith. 
 Allen Rogers. 
 Burger Wygant, 
 Haunse Cosmau. 
 Gilbert Kniffen. 
 Thomas Merritt. 
 Isaac Merritt. 
 Charles RnifTen. 
 Daniel Kniffen. -_ 
 Isaac Fowler. 
 Elias Lyons. 
 Thomas Ireland. 
 John Kniffen. 
 Stephen Ireland. 
 Daniel Gillis. 
 Timothy Wood. 
 David Reynolds. 
 Isaac Belknap, Jr. 
 James Denton. 
 Nathan Tupper. 
 Dennis Heins. 
 David Howell. 
 John Anderson. 
 Adolph DeGrove. 
 Benjamin Smith. 
 Aaron Eairchild. 
 John Caird. 
 Walter DuBois. 
 John DuBois. 
 Moses Beers. 
 William Lawrence, Jr. 
 Capt. Cooper. 
 Levi Dodge. 
 Richard Albertaon. 
 William Nichols. 
 John Rodman. 
 Old Mr. Cropgfey. 
 
 Jonas Totten. 
 Wni. Dunn. 
 Caleb Lockwood. 
 Ebenezer Raymond. 
 Wm. Penny. 
 Cornelius Polhamus. 
 Joshua G. Adsmith. 
 Enoch Coddington. 
 John Belknap. 
 Jonathan Belknap. 
 John Parehal. 
 Patrick Burnet. 
 Sttmuel Hallock. 
 John Clark. 
 John Winans. 
 Benjamin Woodhull. 
 David Belknap. 
 Francis Beaty. 
 William Bishop. 
 Jonathan Belknap, Jr. 
 Joshua Case. 
 Reuben Holms. 
 Daniel Aldridge.^ 
 Frederick Hedly. 
 Peter Snider. 
 Benjamin Burling. 
 Jolm Rumph. 
 Robert Cooper. 
 Thaddeus Smith. ' 
 Albeilson Smith. 
 Capt. Webb. 
 William Lawrence. 
 Isaac Belknap, Sr. 
 Daniel Birdsall. 
 William Birdsall. 
 Benjamin Raw. 
 Benjamin Birdsall. 
 John Smith. 
 Benjamin Lawrence. 
 Jacob Strickland. 
 Abraham Cole, Jr. 
 Henry Genes. 
 Kobert Aldridge. 
 Cornelius Terwilliger. 
 Zebulon Reynolds. 
 Uriah Drake. 
 John Campbell. 
 Robert McCoUum. 
 Nathaniel Devine. 
 Solomon Dean. 
 Stephen Case. 
 Isaac DeWott. 
 James Denton. 
 George Merritt, Jr. 
 Samuel Stratton. 
 John Allen. _ 
 John Garret. 
 HoUet Jones. 
 Solomon Utter. 
 AVilliam Buckingham. 
 William Scott. 
 Gilbert Purdy. 
 Wing Purdy. 
 Henry Woolsey. 
 William Smith. 
 David Smith. 
 Lewis Slutt. 
 James Quigly. 
 Garret Hardenburgh. 
 Jacob Halstead, 
 John Fitzpatrick. 
 Stephen Stephens. 
 
 Nathaniel 
 
 Reuben Cropsey. 
 Edward Howell. 
 Richard Wood. 
 Gushem Curren. 
 Thomas Denniston. 
 Daniel Hudson. 
 Edward Franklin. 
 Jesse Smith. 
 James Martin. 
 William Gardner. 
 George Howell. 
 Stephen Stihvell. 
 William Bloomer. 
 William Palmer. 
 Isaac Brown. 
 Thomas Palmer. 
 Joseph Coleman. 
 John Warren. 
 Benjamin Coffin. 
 Hugh Stevenson. 
 James Patterson. 
 Lewis Douevan. 
 Eleazer Gidney. 
 William Collard. 
 William Maloy. 
 William Bullard. 
 Daniel Gidney. 
 William McRania. 
 Joseph Hollett. 
 David Downing. 
 Isaac Benschoten. 
 Abraham Smith. 
 Jonathan Brundage. 
 Azael Smitli. 
 Henry Lockwood. 
 Peter Aldridge. 
 Jacob Concklin. 
 Abraham Strickland. 
 Ebenezer Strickland. 
 Abraham Cole. 
 Marol Slutt. 
 David Redman. 
 Stephen Jones. 
 Matthew McCoUum. 
 William Snider. 
 John Snider. 
 Josepli Wilson. 
 Isaac Fowler, Sr. 
 Daniel Tooker. 
 John Fowler, -..^^tf 
 Daniel Thurston. 
 Samuel Wandel. 
 Thomas AVard. 
 Wolvert Acker. 
 Thomas Campbell. 
 Benoni Lattimore. 
 William W^hite. 
 Samuel Prebble. 
 Stephen Wandel. 
 William Ward. 
 Daniel Fowler. 
 Jacob Cosman. 
 Selah Reeves. 
 John Roe. 
 Benjamin Dean. 
 Gilbert Aldridge. 
 Gilbert Jonea. 
 Burras Holms. 
 
 Samuel Fowler. " 
 
 Samuel Fowler, Jr. 
 Francis Smith. 
 Richard Torres. 
 Drehmun. 
 
 The several censuses taken since 1782 exhibit the 
 following results : 
 
286 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Year. Popuhitimi, Increase. ' Year. Population. Increase. 
 
 1790 23(io 878 i 1840 8,933 1150 
 
 1800 3268 893 1845 9,001 68 
 
 1810 4t)i7 1369 1850 11,426 2424 
 
 1814 6107 480 ! 1855 12,773 1348 
 
 1820 5812 705 | 1860 15,196 2423 
 
 1825 0168 356 i 1865 17,389 2193 
 
 1830 6424 250 I 1870 20,563 3174 
 
 1835 7783 1359 I 1876 20,996 433 
 
 These returns include the population of the town and 
 of the village prior to, and of the town and city since, 
 1865. An enumeration taken in the year 1814 gave 
 the population of the village as 2323 ; in 1817, 2-164 ; in 
 1821, 2877 ; in 1822, 3566 ; in 1855, 9256. The popu- 
 lation of the city in 1870 was 17,021 ; in 1875, 17,322. 
 The population of the town in 1870 was 3542 ; in 
 1875, 3538. While the increase in population has 
 been slow, it has not receded in any decade. 
 
 in the course of the year. The system was conducted 
 with success and economy, as the following figures 
 from the annual report will show, viz. : 
 
 1827 — House Expenses. 
 Victualinp, 'clothing, etc.. 8297.71 
 
 Wood 81.87 
 
 Doctor's bin 63.19 
 
 Keeper's wages 50.00 
 
 Temporary relief. 051.75 
 
 SU44.62 
 
 Beceipts. 
 
 Tax 3750.00 
 
 On hand 386.41!4 
 
 Fines, etc 17.81^ 
 
 S1153.23 
 
 VI.-NEWBURGH POOR SYSTEM. 
 Provision for maintaining the poor was included in 
 the act creating the precinct of Newburgh. The first 
 record in relation to thesubject, aside from the annual 
 election of overseers of the poor, occurs in 1769, 
 when £30 were raised " for the support of the poor j 
 for the year ensuing." In 1771 the following rules 
 were adopted at the annual precinct meeting, viz. : 
 
 " Rule Fnt.«!T. — Voted, as an encouragement to all succeeding Poor 
 Masters, tlie more faithfully to discharge their duty in tlieir office, by 
 preventing all unnecessary charges and needless costs on tlie inhabitants 
 of the Precinct, and also as a reward for their good services, we freely 
 vote them the sum of £10 each, to be paid out of the money voted to be 
 raised for the use of the poor or out of such fines as may be raised for the 
 same use. 
 
 *'BuLE THIRD. — Voted, that no Poor Master for the time being shall 
 for any cause wliatever relieve or cause to be relieved, or made charge- 
 able, any person or persons whatever that may by law be transported; 
 or any private person who can be made accountable according tu law ; 
 on pain of perjury, and making themselves liable to pay all such 
 charges, and forfeit to the use of the poor twenty shillings and charges 
 of prosecution, to be recovered before any of his Miyesty's Justices of the 
 Peace." 
 
 In 1775, £50 were raised for the poor; in 1777, 
 £100 ; in 1778, £200. At the annual meeting in the 
 latter year it was 
 
 " Voted, That donations be collected in tliis Precinct to be applied to 
 such poor whose husbands or parents were either killed or taken pris- 
 oners at Fort Montgomery." 
 
 1780.—" Voted, That f SUO be raised for the poor." 
 
 1800. — " Voted, To hire a house for the accommodation of the Poor." 
 
 1805. — " Voted, That the Overseers of the Poor be authorized to con- 
 tract with one or more persons to take the whole of the poor, and to put 
 out the children as they shall see best for the town." 
 
 The increase of population made it necessary to 
 provide larger accommodations for the poor ; and in 
 1814 an act of the Legislature was passed, author- 
 izing the construction of a town poor-house. The 
 town voted (April 1st) a tax of $1500 for that pur- 
 pose, and appointed John Mandevill and Benoni H. 
 Howell overseers of the poor, to act with Andrew De- 
 Witt, John D. Lawson, Eleazer Gidney, and Henry 
 Butterworth, commissioners, " to direct the building of i 
 the house and to take the whole management of the i 
 same." A site was selected on the northeast corner \ 
 of Water and North Streets, and a building completed 
 
 In 1830 the receipts were $2172.64J, and disburse- 
 ments $1158.58}. In 1831, receipts, $3160.69J ; 
 disbursements, $1648.64 ; expenses of almshouse, 
 $872.72|. 
 
 In 1830 the Orange County poor-house was erected, 
 at a cost of $12,000 ; and on the 22d April, 1831, the 
 Legislature authorized the sale of the Newburgh poor- 
 house and lands, which was soon after eftected, and the 
 jjroceeds were applied to the payment of the county 
 poor tax. Connection with the countj' system was 
 continued until 1852, when the rapidly-increasing 
 charges for temporary relief aroused public attention 
 and investigation. The subject was first brought be- 
 fore the Board of Supervisors by Jlr. Enoch Carter, 
 supervisor, and the abuses of the county system were 
 thoroughly exposed. At the instance of Mr. Carter, 
 the board adopted the following resolution, viz. : 
 
 '^ liesoUed, That in the opinion of this Board of Supervisors, it would 
 be for the mutual interest of the citizens of Newburgh and of Orange 
 County that an application be made to the Legislature by the citizens of 
 the town of Newhuigh for the passage of an act paying to the town of 
 Newburgh her proportionate interest in the present county house, and 
 also empowering said town to provide a town house for her own poor, 
 the expense of which shall be borne by the town of Newburgh." 
 
 The inhabitants of Newburgh immediately re- 
 sponded to the action of the Board of Supervisors by 
 a public meeting held at Crawford's Hall, on the 
 evening of the 11th of December, Mr. George Corn- 
 well, chairman, and James W. Fowler, secretary. 
 The subject was discussed by Messrs. N. Reeve, J. J. 
 Monell, William C. Hasbrouck, and G. C. Monell ; 
 and a series of resolutions, offered by J. J. Monell, 
 were adopted. A committee of twelve persons — viz.: 
 Messrs. John W. Brown, David W. Bate, William C. 
 Hasbrouck, J. J. Monell, John Beveridge, Homer 
 Ramsdell, Gilbert C. Monell, Lewis W. Young, Chas. 
 Drake, Enoch Carter, Charles U. Cushman, and Rev. 
 John Forsyth — was appointed to prepare, and report 
 at a subsequent meeting, an act to be passed by the 
 Legislature to re-establish a town system for support- 
 ing the poor. 
 
 At a meeting held Dec. 30th, Mr. Brown, from the 
 committee for that purpose, submitted the draft of a 
 law, accompanied by an able report illustrating the 
 necessity of the movement, stating, among other facts, 
 that 
 
 "Previous to 1840 the sums expended for temporary relief seldom, if 
 ever, exceeded glCOO for the county, anil S600 foi- this town. The Super- 
 intendent's report for 1838 exhibits this item at $1689.27 for tlie county, 
 of which S560.90 was for the town of Newburgh. The report for 1839 
 exhibits the same item at S1668.45 for the county, of which S585.90 was 
 for the town of Newburgh. This item of expenditure has grown with a 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 287 
 
 steady and rapid growth, until we find it set down in the Superintend- 
 ent's report for the year 1852 at S12,802.13 for the county, of which 
 SG451.90 is set down as expended in the town of Newburgh. But it is 
 due to the occasion to say, that notwithstanding the figures of this report 
 and tlie known integrity of its authors, the committee have good autlior- 
 ity for saying that tile expenditure for temporary relief for ttie last year 
 was little short of 814,000 for the county, and $8000 for the town of New. 
 burgh." 
 
 The act applied for passed the Legislature March 
 23, 1853. By its terms the town of Newburgh was 
 established as a separate and distinct poor district, 
 and a corporation created by the name of " the Com- 
 missioners of the Almshouse of the Town of New- 
 burgh." The commissioners named in the act, viz. : 
 Henry Wickoff, David W. Bate, David H. Barclay, 
 George Gearn, Alfred Post, and Eugene A. Brewster, 
 immediately entered upon the discharge of their 
 duties, and a farm was purcha.sed and the erection of 
 suitable buildings commenced under contract with 
 Mr. John Little, Jr. The building was completed 
 and opened Dec. 10, 1853, and was occupied by six 
 persons from the town of Newburgh, and forty-nine 
 (exclusive of insane) from the county poor-house, 
 being the number apportioned to Newburgh under 
 the act of separation. By the act incorporating the 
 city (1865), the town and the city are united in the 
 system. 
 
 The operation of the system during the first fifteen 
 years of its existence is stated in the fifteenth annual 
 report of the commissioners, from which it appears 
 that during that period the receipts from all sources 
 were $152,332.87, and the expenses, including build- 
 ings, etc., $149,365.87 ; average yearly cost by tax, 
 $4558.77 ; average yearly cost of each pauper, $53.82 
 — weekly, $1.03; estimated saving, as compared with 
 the county system, in fifteen years, $108,378.93. 
 
 VII.-TUKNPIKES AND PLANK-ROADS. 
 
 The organizations of the Newburgh and Cochecton, 
 Newburgh and New Windsor, Newburgh and Sulli- 
 van, Newburgh and Plattckill, and the Snake Hill 
 Turnpike Companies have already been referred to.* 
 In the autumn of 1849 the construction of a plank- 
 road from Newburgh to Ellenville was proposed. In 
 January (14th), 185K, a meeting of citizens was held 
 at the United States Hotel, — Homer Eamsdell, presi- 
 dent, and Robert Proudfit, Jr., secretary, — and ou 
 motion of David Crawford a committee of twenty- 
 five was appointed " to go out to Ellenville, in com- 
 pany with engineers, and inquire into the practica- 
 bility of constructing a plank-road thither, and the 
 best route for the same." The committee employed 
 Mr. W. A. Perkins, engineer, to make a survey of the 
 route, who, on Marcli 13th, submitted a report at a 
 public meeting. The report presented a survey of 
 three routes, southern, northern, and middle, with an 
 estimate of the cost of each ; and, on motion, it was 
 resolved that " measures be taken to organize a com- 
 
 pany for the construction of a plank-road to Ellen- 
 ville, with a capital of .*100,000." Committees were 
 appointed to ascertain the amount of stock that would 
 be subscribed, and the land damages claimed, by per- 
 sons residing on each of the proposed routes. On 
 March 24th a meeting of subscribers to the stock of 
 the "Newburgh and Ellenville Plank-road Company" 
 was held at the United States Hotel, — Homer Rams- 
 dell, president, and E. Pitts, secretary, — and, on mo- 
 tion, proceeded to the election of nine directors, when 
 the following-named gentlemen were chosen : 
 
 Newburgh, Homer Ramsdell, E. W. Farrington, David Crawford, 
 Thornton M.|Niven, William Fullerton; Ulsterville, A. R. Taylor; 
 Walden, A. F. Schotield ; Shawaugunk, Jiimes G. Graham ; Bruynawick, 
 Richard Jackson. 
 
 At a subsequent meeting of the directors, Homer 
 Ramsdell was elected president; E. W. Farrington, 
 vice-president ; T. M. Niven, secretary ; and David 
 Moore, treasurer. At a meeting of the directors, held 
 April 5th, it was resolved to adopt the southern route ; 
 and at a meeting on the 11th, it was agreed to put the 
 work under contract as soon as ."6100,000 should be 
 subscribed. 
 
 Immediately after this action, those in favor of a 
 northern route organized the " Newburgh and Sha- 
 waugunk Plank-road Company," and, at a meeting 
 held April 18th, elected Robert A. Forsyth, Cornelius 
 C. Smith, John B. Jamison, Odell S. Hathaway, 
 Richard A. Southwick, Jacob V. B. Fowler, of New- 
 burgh, and James G. Graham, S. M. Bruyn, and Jas. 
 N. Mitchell, of Shawaugunk, directors ; Jacob V. B. 
 Fowler was elected president; Robert A. Forsyth, 
 treasurer ; and R. A. Southwick, secretary. 
 
 Both comjianies were organized under the general 
 statute of May 7, 1847, and the roads were completed 
 in December, 1851.t The capital stock of the Ellen- 
 ville road, paid in, was $79,770. To complete the 
 work and pay existing indebtedness, the Legislature 
 passed an act authorizing the issue of $44,000 in pre- 
 ferred stock, and fixing the whole capital at $124,000. 
 The capital stock of the Newburgh and Shawaugunk 
 road, paid in, was $30,000. Both roads were subse- 
 quently converted into turnpikes. 
 
 * See "Trade and Commerce" (general history) for railroads and his- 
 tory of freight lines from Newburgh. 
 
 VIII.— BANKS. 
 Bank of Newburgh. — The Bank of Newburgh was 
 incorporated by act of the Legislature, passed March 
 22, 1811, on the petition of Jacob Powell, John Mc- 
 Aulay, Chancey Belknap, and Jonathan Fisk. The 
 cajiital named was $120,000, in shares of $50 each ; 
 and the State reserved the right to subscribe to the 
 stock any amount not exceeding one thousand shares. 
 The first directors were Isaac Belknap, Jr., Jacob 
 Powell, Selah Reeve, Chancey Belknap, Freegift Tuth- 
 ill, Leonard Carpenter, Samuel S. Seward, Jonathan 
 Hedges, Francis Crawford, James Hamilton, John D. 
 Lawson, and Richard Trimble, elected by the stock- 
 
 t The opening of the south plank was celebrated at Ellenville, Dec. 
 22d. A large delegation from Newburgh was present. 
 
288 
 
 HISTORY OF OEANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 holders; and William Ross aud Jonathan Fisk ap- 
 pointed on the part of the State. The stock was all 
 taken soon after the passage of the act of incorpora- 
 tion ; and on June 15th the corner-stone of the pres- 
 ent banking-house was laid. The building was com- 
 pleted and the bank was opened for business on Sep- 
 tember 9th. 
 
 The charter of 1811 continued until 1830, wlien the 
 stock held by the State was withdrawn, the bank was 
 reorganized under the safety fund law, and the capi- 
 tal increased to $140,000. In 1851 the capital was 
 further increased to $200,000, at which time the bank 
 was reorganized under the general banking law. 
 In September, 1852, the capital was increased to 
 $300,000. 
 
 The first president of the bank was Isaac Belknap, 
 Jr., and the first cashier, John S. Hunn. Wm. Walsh 
 succeeded Mr. Belknap in 1827, and served until his 
 death in 1839, when John Chambers was elected. Mr. 
 Chambers served until his death in 1854, when George 
 W. Kerr was elected. Mr. Hunn was succeeded in 
 the cashiershi]) by F"rederick W. Faruum ; Mr. Far- 
 num by Wm. M. Vermilyea ; Mr. Vermilyea by Levi 
 Dodge ; Mr. Dodge, in 1836, by George W. Kerr ; and 
 Mr. Kerr, in 1854, by Francis Scott. On July 5, 1864, 
 the bank was organized as a national bank, — George 
 W. Kerr, president, and John J. S. McCroskery, 
 cashier, — and its capital raised to $800,000. 
 
 William L. F. Warren was for many years a 
 director in the Bank of Newburgh and also in the 
 Savings-Bank. The Warren family are suppo.sed to 
 be of Norman descent, and were among the first set- 
 tlers of New England. Richard Warren, who was 
 borne to our shores by the historic "Mayflower," lo- 
 cated at Plymouth. John AVarren came to America 
 about 1630, and settled at Watertown, Mass. Another 
 John Warren settled at Salem in 1630. Peter Warren 
 settled at Salem, and from him descended Gen. Joseph 
 Warren, of Bunker Hill fame. 
 
 The Newburgh branch of the family, represented 
 by the subject of this memoir, are descendants of the 
 John Warren who settled at Watertown. The earliest 
 mention of the name at Newburgh is found on the 
 records of the First Presbyterian Church, where, under 
 date of July 23, 1783, the marriage of "John Warren, 
 of Mass., and Eliz.abeth Belknap, of Newburgh," is 
 recorded. This John Warren, the grandfather of our 
 subject, was the you ngest son of Josiah and Hcphzibah 
 (Hobbs) Warren, and being left an orphan during his 
 infancy, was raised by his Aunt Beulah, wife of John 
 Hobbs, of Brookfield, Mass. At the age of nineteen 
 he joined the patriot army against the mother-country, 
 and remained in active service throughout the Revo- 
 lutionary war. He was engaged in several of tlie 
 most important battles of that trying struggle, and 
 for his bravery at Bunker Hill and Monmouth re- 
 ceived the thanks of his commanding officers, and 
 was subsequently raised to the rank of captain. He 
 came with the Massachusetts line to the encampment 
 
 at New Windsor, and while there became acquainted 
 with Miss Belknap, a lady of rare intelligence and 
 personal beauty, to whom he was married at the date 
 given above. After the close of the war he engaged 
 in business in Newburgh for some time, but subse- 
 quently removed to Troy, and thence to Saratoga 
 Springs, where he died on Christmas Day in the year 
 1823. His wife died June 21, 18.37. The children 
 were John H., born 1786, died at Montezuma, N. Y., 
 1823; Cyntliia M., born Aug. 2, 1788, married Miles 
 Beach, of Saratoga Springs ; Stephen R., born No- 
 vember, 1790; William L. F., born Feb. 4, 1793; 
 Elizabeth B., born 1795, married Dr. R. R. Davis, of 
 Syracuse; Caroline S., born 1798, married Benjamin 
 Carpenter, of Newburgh ; and Mary A., born 1800, 
 married James H. Darrow, of Saratoga Springs. 
 
 William L. F.Warren, only son of John H. and 
 Fanny (Kellogg) Warren, was born at Marcellus, 
 N. Y., July 3, 1811. He began life in Newburgh as 
 a clerk in the employ of his uncle, Benjamin Carpen- 
 ter, of whose family he became an inmate when a 
 mere lad. He early learned correct business hab- 
 its, and thoroughly familiarized himself with the 
 principles of trade aud commerce, and in 1837 be- 
 came a member of the firm of B. Carpenter & Co., 
 with which he was connected until its dissolution. A 
 man of modest and retiring temperament, he con- 
 fined himself strictly to the prosecution of private 
 business, and engaged but little in the strife and tur- 
 moil of political life. He was actively associated 
 throughout his career with the progressive move- 
 ments of his day, and was prominent in many public 
 and private enterprises. He was a man of positive 
 convictions, and firm in support of what he thought 
 to be right. He filled for several terms, and with 
 marked ability, the office of president of the board of 
 trustees of Newburgh ; was a member of the board of 
 water commissioners, and also of the board of alms- 
 house commissioners ; was a director of the National 
 Bank of Newburgh from its organization until his 
 death, a director of the Warwick Valley Railroad, 
 
 ! and a member of the board of trustees of the New- 
 
 I burgh Savings-Bank. He sustained throughout a 
 long business career in Newburgh a reputation for 
 
 I integrity and uprightness which any one might justly 
 envy him, was prompt in the discharge of every duty, 
 a liberal contributor to church and kindred interests, 
 and left behind him at his death the recollection of 
 virtues that will never be forgotten so long as the in- 
 
 I cense of memory burns on the altars of hearts that 
 loved him. He married Catharine, daughter of John 
 
 ' H. Walsh, and died Oct. 22, 1879. 
 
 After the demise of Mr. Warren appropriate reso- 
 lutions were passed by the institutions with which he 
 had been connected, from which we make a few ex- 
 tracts, as best showing the character of the man and 
 
 ] the place which he filled in the hearts of the people 
 
 j among whom he passed so many years of his life. 
 At a special meeting of the board of directors of 
 
Ht^z.^/zr^ 
 
 ct^yi^^'^^^,^ 
 
NEWBUKGH. 
 
 •289 
 
 the National Bank of Newbiirgh, lield Oct. 23, 1879, 
 the following, among other resolutions, were passed : 
 
 " Jtesolvedj That in meeting to iiay our triliute of respect to the mem- 
 orj- of our late associate, William L. F. Warren, a director of this bank 
 ever since its organization, and for many years prominently connected 
 with the commercial and municipal affairs of this community, we feel 
 our inability suitably to express our profound sorrow and deep sense of 
 the loss we. as individuals and as u board, have sustained by his death. 
 
 ^^ ]ie£olfed^ That in the character of Mr. Warren a strict integrity, a 
 lirm fidelity to trusts, a sound judgment, and a steady energy in the dis- 
 charge of duty, which all who knew him recognized, were united with 
 a genuine kindness of heart which those who knew him best appreciated 
 most. 
 
 '* Resolved^ That the ability, intelligence, and punctuality with which 
 Mr. W'arren discharged liis duties as a member of this board, and his 
 steady devotion to the best interests of the iustltution we represent, will 
 be belli by bis surviving associates in honored and lasting remem- 
 brance." 
 
 Similar resolutions were passed by the board of 
 directors of the Warwick Valley Railroad, in which 
 cheerful and sincere testimony is borne to Mr. War- 
 ren's " wise counsels," " eminent financial abilities," 
 " unfailing devotion to the true interests of the com- 
 pany," "his kindly and social nature," and "strict 
 integrity" in the performance of " the varied duties 
 of trust committed to his care." 
 
 Branch Bank of Newhurgh. — In 1818 the directors 
 of the Bank of Newburgh determined to establish a 
 brancli at Ithaca ; the arrangements for which were 
 perfected, and the institution went into operation on 
 February 15, 1820, under the following officers : Lu- 
 ther Gore, president; Charles W. Connor, cashier; 
 Benj. Johnson, Joseph Benjamin, Levi Leonard, Cal- 
 vin Burr, Herman Camp, and Charles A. Morrell, 
 directors. The branch continued in operation until 
 1830, when, on the expiration of the old charter, it 
 was discontinued. 
 
 Highland Bunk. — In 1833 application was made to 
 the Legislature to incorporate the Highland Bank; 
 but the bill was lost in the Senate. This result was 
 followed by a meeting of citizens at the Mansion 
 House, April 20,1833, "to take into consideration 
 such measures as might be deemed necessary to ob- 
 tain an increase of the banking capital of Newburgh." 
 Of this meeting Selah Reeve was chosen president; 
 Daniel Farrington and Robert Lawson, vice-presi- 
 dents ; and Abraham M. Smith and Aaron Belknap, 
 secretaries. After the ptissage of a resolution regret- 
 ting the defeat of the bill, committees were appointed 
 to renew and circulate ])etitions to the next Legisla- 
 ture. The second application was successful ; the 
 charter passed the Legislature April 26, 1834. 
 
 The charter capital of the bank was $200,000. 
 Nathaniel Jones, Egbert Jansen, Robert Fowler, 
 Nathaniel P. Hill, John Forsyth, James Belknap, 
 Aaron Noycs, Noah Matthewson, and Christopher 
 Reeve were appointed commissioners to receive stock 
 subscriptions. In a few weeks nearly double the 
 capital required was subscribed, and a pro rata dis- 
 tribution of the stock became necessary. 
 
 The bank was organized July 21, 1834, under the 
 following officers : Directors, Gilbert (). Fowler, 
 
 Samuel Williams, Jackson Oakley, Thomas Powell, 
 Charles Borland, Jr., Daniel Farrington, Benj. H. 
 
 1 Mace, James Belknap, Benj. Carpenter, Nathaniel 
 Jones, x\^bm. Vail, Robert Fowler; Gilbert O. Fowler, 
 president, and James Belknap, cashier. Mr. Belknap 
 subsequently resigned, and Thos. C. Ring was elected. 
 Mr. Ring resigned in 1838, and Robert Burnet held 
 the office until his death in 1840, when (May 10th) 
 Alfred Post was elected. Mr. Fowler served as 
 
 I jjresident until his death, when George Cornwell was 
 elected. On the death of Mr. Cornwell (November, 
 
 i 1867), Mr. Post was elected president and M. C. 
 Belknap, cashier. Directors in 1867 : Alfred Post, 
 John W. Brown, David Moore, Ed. R. Johnes, Jas. 
 W. Taylor, Peter V. B. Fowler, Robt. Denniston, 
 Thaddeus Hait, John Lomas, Walter S. Vail, George 
 A. Elliott. 
 
 The capital of the bank was increased to $350,000 
 ($100,000 from surplus, and $50,000 new stock), Jan. 
 1, 1865. It was organized as a national bank April 
 22, 1865, and its capital increased to $450,000. 
 
 Powell Bank. — The Powell Bank was organized 
 Dec. 12, 1838, a.s an associated bank, with a capital 
 of $135,000. The first directors and officers were : 
 Directors, Thomas Powell, Samuel Williams, Daniel 
 Farrington, Benjamin Carpenter, Charles Halstead, 
 Homer Ramsdell, William L. F. Warren ; Thomas 
 Powell, president; Samuel Williams, vice-president; 
 Thomas C. Ring, cashier ; Nathaniel R. Belknap, 
 teller. The capital stock was held by Hiram Bennett, 
 A. & M. H. Belknap, Benjamin Carpenter & Co., 
 Daniel Farrington, A. P. Johnes, H. Ramsdell, Roe 
 & Darby, Thomas Powell, George Sneed, and Samuel 
 Williams. 
 
 In January, 1843, the stockholders, with the ex- 
 ception of Thomas Powell and Homer Ramsdell, with- 
 drew their stock, and the institution became an indi- 
 vidual bank, with a capital of $110,000, — Thomas 
 Powell, president ; Homer Ramsdell, vice-president ; 
 and T. C. Ring, cashier. Messrs. Powell and Rams- 
 dell subsequently increased the capital to $175,000. 
 The bank was discontinued in 1857. 
 
 Quassaick Bank. — The organization of the Quas- 
 saick Bank was based on the assumed necessity for a 
 larger banking capital to accommodate the business 
 of the village. The directors of the Bank of New- 
 burgh endeavored to supply this want by increasing 
 the capital stock of that institution $100,000 ; but this 
 addition proved inadequate to the demand. On 
 Thursday evening, Sept. 4, 1851, a meeting of citi- 
 zens was held at the Orange Hotel for the purpose of 
 considering the subject. David Crawford was chosen 
 chairman, and O. M. Smith secretary. After ad- 
 dresses by William Fullerton, W. E. Warren, S. W. 
 Eager, T. M. Niven, and others, a committee was ap- 
 pointed to name suitable persons for directors, and 
 also to suggest a title for the institution. On the re- 
 port of this committee a board of directors was nomi- 
 nated, and " The Quassaick Bank" adopted as the title. 
 
290 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 On March 31, 1852, the bank was formally organ- 
 ized by the adoption of articles of association, and 
 commenced business with a capital of $130,000 in the 
 spring of that year. The first officers were : Directors, 
 E. W. Farrington, J. I. Crawford, I. R. Carpenter, 
 Asa Sterling, Isaiah Townsend, Charles U. Cushman, 
 John Jamison, W. K. Mailler, James Patton, John 
 J. Monell. A vacancy in the board was filled at the 
 ensuing election in May by the election of David 
 Moore. At the organization of the bank E. W. Far- 
 rington was chosen president, Jonathan N. Weed, 
 cashier, and W. H. Gerard, teller. D. Gillis Leonard 
 succeeded Mr. Farrington in May, 1862, and Odell S. 
 Hathaway was elected in September, 1864, to fill the 
 vacancy occa-sioned by the death of Mr. Leonard 
 in May of that year. James N. Dickey was elected 
 teller in 1863. The capital of the bank wa.s increased 
 to 8200,000, September, 1852 ; and to $300,000, March, 
 1854. It was organized as a national bank June 3, 1865, 
 the capital remaining unchanged. Isaac K. Oakley is 
 now (1880) president, and Jonathan N. Weed, cashier. 
 
 Newburgh Sarinffs-Bank. — By act of the Legislature 
 passed April 13, 1852, E. W. Farrington, John J. Mo- 
 nell, Charles U. Cushman, Robert L. Case, Robert A. 
 Forsyth, Richard A. Southwick, Odell S. Hathaway, 
 Gilbert C. Monell, David H. Barclay, Adam Lilburn, 
 Samuel W. Eager, Cornelius C. Smith, Robert Ster- 
 ling, Robert D. Kemp, Charles Drake, David Moore, 
 John H. Waters, James I. Crawford, James Patton, 
 William K. Mailler, Benjamin Carpenter, T. M. Niven, 
 and their successors were constituted " a body corpo- 
 rate and politic, by the name of The Newburgh Sav- 
 ings-Bank." The bank commenced business Jan. 1, 
 1853, with the following officers, viz. : Robert L. Case, 
 president ; O. S. Hathaway and E. W. Farrington, 
 vice-presidents ; Charles V. Cushman, secretary and 
 treasurer. In 1854, E. W. Farrington was elected presi- 
 dent ; Charles Halstead, Jr., treasurer ; G. C. Monell, 
 secretary. In 1858, Daniel B. St. John, president ; 
 Thomas C. Ring, treasurer ; J. R. Wiltsie, secretary. 
 These officers were continued until 1872, when the 
 Rev. John Forsyth was elected president. He was 
 succeeded by J. DeWitt Walsh, who served until Jan- 
 uary, 1873, when Mr. St. John was re-elected, and Mr. 
 Ring entered upon his seventeenth year as treasurer. 
 The deposits on July 1, 1859, were $124,000; July 1, 
 1875, $2,467,700. 
 
 In the summer of 1866 the directors commenced the 
 erection of the building now occupied by the bank, — 
 Vaux, Withers & Co., architects ; Franklin Gerard, 
 mason ; McClung & Deyo, carpenters. It was com- 
 pleted in 1868, and occupied by the bank in October 
 of that year. Its cost was about $130,000, which was 
 paid from the earnings of the bank. 
 
 Thomas C. Ring. — Benjamin Ring, grandfather of 
 Thomas C. Ring, was born in Wales, and emigrated 
 to Pennsylvania, where he erected mills on the 
 Brandywine. He married Rachel James. Their 
 children were eight in number. 
 
 The battle of Brandywine was fought partly on the 
 farm of Benjamin Ring, whose house was headquar- 
 ters for Washington and staff, Lafayette, Pulaski, 
 Knox, and others, when making themselves ac- 
 quainted with the surrounding country and deciding 
 on the battle-ground. 
 
 Although Benjamin Ring was a Quaker, and on 
 that account prevented from taking an active part in 
 the war, it was well known that he was a strong sym- 
 pathizer with the patriot cause. Just before the 
 battle an American spy informed him that it would 
 be unsafe for his family to remain, that they had 
 better leave, taking with them what valuables they 
 could carry. 
 
 His wife, daughters, and young son, who drove, 
 hastily left in a carriage, carrying with them $900 in 
 gold, a quantity of silver plate, and other articles, in 
 all amounting to quite a large sum, which, the roads 
 becoming blocked by troops, they were obliged to 
 abandon, and made their escape across the fields. 
 
 Benjamin Ring, with two companions, joined them 
 on horseback, and after seeing them to a place of 
 safety returned to Washington, who had just heard 
 that his retreat was likely to be cut off. Hearing the 
 conversation, he rode up to Washington and pointed 
 out a way by taking which he would cut off nearly 
 two miles. He said that he would pilot them, but 
 being stout and advanced in years, would not be so 
 suitable as his friend, William Harvey, a young man 
 and a fine horseman, and one in whom the general 
 could feel every confidence. By hard riding across 
 fields and over fences the balance of the army was 
 rejoined and the retreat made in safety. 
 
 Benjamin Ring's house, which was of stone, was 
 used as a fort alternately by the contending parties. 
 The roof was riddled with grape-shot, one six-pounder 
 going through the gable, and there was not a place 
 on the walls large enough to lay one's hand that did 
 not bear a mark. Everything inside the house was 
 destroyed, the farm was cleared of cattle, and not a 
 fence left on the place. 
 
 Nathaniel Ring, son of Benjamin, was born in 
 1767, and emigrated to Cornwall, N. Y., at an early 
 day. He was a millwright by trade, and captain of 
 a sloop between New York and Cornwall for a score 
 of years. His wife was Martha, daughter of Hon. 
 Jeremiah Clark, of Cornwall, to whom were born 
 seven children, of whom the subject of this sketch 
 was the sixth. Nathaniel Ring died in 1850, and his 
 wife in 1854. 
 
 The maternal grandfather of Thomas C. Ring, 
 Jeremiah Clark, was born in Bedford, Westchester 
 Co., N. Y., in 1730. He married Martha Newman 
 on Nov. 27, 1752 ; was elected a ruling elder of New 
 Windsor Church July 6, 1783, and died May 30, 
 1808. He was a man of much influence and promi- 
 nence, and a firm friend of liberty and national union. 
 He passed the greater part of his life at Cornwall, 
 He was a member of the first Provincial Congress 
 
^^ S:/" 
 
11 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 291 
 
 •om Orange County in 1775, of the second Provin- 
 
 ial Congress in 1775 and 1776, and of the fourth 
 'rovincial Congress and Representative Convention 
 
 I 1776 and 1777, at the last session of which the first 
 anstitution of the State of New York was formed, at 
 Kingston, April 20, 1777. He was member of Assem- 
 ly of New York from Orange County, beginning 
 itli the first Assembly of the State, which met at 
 angston Sept. 1, 1777, and of the Assemblies of 
 778-79, 1780-81, '82, '83, '84, '85, '86, '87, '88, '89. 
 [e also filled the offices of sheriif and lay judge of 
 'range County. 
 
 Thomas C. Ring was born at Cornwall, Orange Co., 
 n Oct. 21, 1804. His early life was passed at home, 
 here he enjoyed the advantages of a common-school 
 ducation. At the age of thirteen he left the protect- 
 ig care of his parents, and with no capital other than 
 rong hands and an industrious and ambitious spirit 
 ;arted out to encounter the duties of life. He com- 
 lenced as a clerk in the employ of Oliver G. Burton, 
 t West Point, who kept a general store and supplied 
 
 II varieties of goods to the military academy at that 
 oint. After three years Mr. Burton died, and Mr. 
 iing returned to the parental roof for the brief period 
 f four months, during which time he assisted his 
 ither in his brickyard. 
 
 In 1821 he removed to Newburgh, and entered the 
 inploy of Matthias G. Miller, a general trader at that 
 lace, as a clerk. The firm subsequently changed to 
 [iller & Smith, and besides carrying on a general 
 lercantile business, ran a sloop between Newburgh 
 nd New York, known as the " Neptune." This 
 essel capsized near tlie Highlands in the year 1822, 
 nd between twenty and thirty persons were drowned, 
 .bout 1825 Mr. Ring was appointed a clerk in the 
 ank of Newburgh, and filled that position for two 
 ears. In 1831 he became clerk on board of the 
 ;eamboat " Albany," plying between New York and 
 Ibany. In 1832, owing to the prevalence of the 
 liolera in New York, the trips of that vessel were 
 iscontinued for one season, during which period Mr. 
 ;ing was clerk on board of the "New Philadelphia," 
 inning between the same ports. In 1833 he returned 
 ) his former position on the " Albany," where he re- 
 lained until the fall of 1834. At that time he was 
 ppointed cashier of the Highland Bank of New- 
 urgh, and acted in that capacity until 1838, when he 
 jsigned. In 1839 he became the cashier of the 
 owell Bank of Newburgh, and remained in that 
 snnection until 1864, the bank, however, commenc- 
 ig measures for voluntary liquidation in 18.57. In 
 B58 Mr. Ring was appointed treasurer of the New- 
 urgh Savings-Bank, a position that he has since filled 
 ith singular fidelity and success. From 1858 to 1864 
 e was superintendent of the ferry running between 
 rewburgh and Fishkill. 
 
 Mr. Ring is recognized as one of the old, substantial 
 itizens of Newburgh, and is held in high esteem by 
 11 classes of people. Starting out in life with small 
 
 means and at a tender age, he has, by close applica- 
 tion to duty and industrious and regular habits, 
 achieved success in the various undertakings in which 
 he has engaged, and won for himself the reputation 
 of an upright and honorable man. When he first 
 entered the Newburgh Savings-Bank the total de- 
 posits at that institution aggregated about S2S,000. 
 This amount, owing to careful management, judicious 
 investment, and the confidence of the public, has 
 since regularly increased, until on March 1, 1881, the 
 deposits at the bank amount to $3,154,540, and the 
 loans to $3,174,442. 
 
 The life of Mr. Ring has been passed in a quiet and 
 unostentatious manner, and free from the turmoil and 
 confusion of political strife. He has been actively 
 identified with the social, educational, and material 
 development of Newburgh, and contributed to the 
 encouragement and sustentation of its institutions. 
 He was treasurer of the village of Newburgh from 
 1854 to 1864; one of the members of the first board 
 of education under the State law ; secretary of the 
 Newburgh Gas-light Company from 1867 to 1881 ; is 
 the president of the Newburgh and Cochecton and of 
 the Newburgh and New Windsor Turnpike Com- 
 panies, and has been treasurer of Cedar Hill Ceme- 
 tery since its organization in 1870. He has acted as 
 executor of a large number of estates, and filled other 
 fiduciary positions in a correct and faithful manner. 
 In 1826 he was a member of a uniformed company of 
 the State militia, under Capt. John D. Phillips, and 
 is the last survivor of the forty-five members of the 
 company at that date. In 1823 he participated in the 
 reception of Gen. Lafayette, upon the visit of that 
 distinguished friend of America to this country. 
 Great changes have occurred in Newburgh since Mr. 
 Ring's residence there, and but few are left to tell the 
 story of its social and material life sixty years ago 
 with so much distinctness and accuracy as himself. 
 He loves a dog and gun, is physically well preserved, 
 his memory is strong, and he is still fulfilling the 
 duties of life in a faithful and successful manner. 
 He is an attendant upon the ministrations of St. 
 George's Episcopal Church, of which he has been one 
 of the vestrymen. 
 
 Mr. Ring has been twice married, — first, in 1832, to 
 Miss Mary Ann Osborne, who died, leaving no chil- 
 dren, Dec. 28, 1833, in her twenty-fifth year; and 
 secondly to Miss Catharine Speir, in 1837. She was 
 born July 31, 1810, and died Sept. 6, 1869. Of this 
 union were born A. Smith Ring, ex-city treasurer of 
 Newburgh, and the treasurer of the Fireman's Fund; 
 Anna R., deceased, wife of Munson G. Muir; and 
 Clara Belknap, who died in infancy. 
 
 John Rapelye Wiltsie. — Hendrick Martensen 
 Wiltsee, the ancestor of the many families of that 
 name in America, emigrated from Copenhagen, in 
 Denmark, early in the sixteenth century. He per- 
 formed active service in the Esopus war in 1663, was 
 captured and reported killed by the Indians, but, 
 
292 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 effecting his escape, settled on a farm at Hell Gate, 
 L. I. He was married in ItJUO, and had three sons, 
 — Martin, Hendrick, and Myndert. From Martin, 
 fourth in degree from Hendrick Martensen Wilt- 
 see, and his wife, Jane Suydam, whom he married 
 in 1783, are descended the Fishkill Landing Wilt- 
 sies. The family has been numerously and promi- 
 nently represented in Duchess County since its first 
 settlement, having emigrated from Long Island in i 
 1734, locating at the Landing and at Sylvan Lake, 
 and owning two tracts of land aggregating thirteen 
 hundred acres. Johannes Wiltsie was commissioned j 
 by William Tryon, Captain-General and Governor-in- 
 Chief of the province of New York, on Feb. 10, 1773, 
 as first lieutenant in Capt. Joseph Horton's company 
 of foot, attached to Col. Brinckerhoff's regiment of 
 militia in Duchess County. The name has been 
 variously spelled Wiltsee, Wiltse, and Wiltsie. 
 
 John R. Wiltsie was born at Sylvan Lake, East 
 Fishkill, Duchess Co., June 5, 1814. His father, 
 John C. Wiltsie, who died in 1820, at the early age of 
 thirty-eight, was a farmer by occupation, and for a 
 number of years prior to his demise filled the office of 
 justice of the peace by gubernatorial appointment. 
 His mother was Lavina Eapelye, a native of Long 
 Island, and a representative of the ancient family of ' 
 that name, who were early expelled from France, 
 where they belonged to the nobility, because of their 
 religious convictions, and who were among the first 
 settlers on Long Island. The first white child born 
 on the island was a Rapelye. 
 
 The early life of Mr. Wiltsie was passed on the 
 paternal farm with his mother, three brothers, and 
 two sisters, his educational advantages being limited 
 to the instruction given at the neighboring district 
 schools during the winter months. At the age of 
 fifteen he began life as an apprentice with B. F. 
 Buckingham, of Newburgh, in the trade of saddle 
 and harness making, with whom he remained until 
 183.5, receiving during this period, as compensation 
 for his services, his board and washing only. On 
 May 1, 1835, having become proficient in the trade, 
 Mr. Wiltsie commenced business for himself at No. 8 
 Water Street, Newburgh, where he remained until 
 18()1, being succeeded by his son, G. Fred Wiltsie. 
 During a portion of the time, until 1801, Mr. Wiltsie 
 had engaged to some extent in insurance business, 
 and after retiring from his manufacturing enterprises 
 he connected with his insurance matters the banking 
 and brokerage business, which he has since continued 
 to carry on, his being the first and only undertaking 
 of the kind that ever existed in Newburgh. His son, 
 Arthur V. Wiltsie, is associated with him in business, 
 and since 1809 the firm of John R. Wiltsie & Son 
 have occupied their present commodious rooms in the 
 savings-bank building. 
 
 During his long residence in Newburgh, and his 
 participation in its affairs, Mr. Wiltsie has sustained 
 the character of a straightforward and conscientious 
 
 business man, of a decidedly original and independ- 
 ent cast of mind, strong in his convictions, tenacious 
 of his views, and adhering firmly to what he conceived 
 to be just and right though he were compelled to 
 stand alone. He has been intimately connected with 
 various institutions of the city, and has ever felt a just 
 pride in its material prosperity. As a manufacturer 
 he was second to none in his line, being thorouglily 
 educated to his trade and animated by a commend- 
 able ambition to produce the best goods to be found 
 in the American market. On Feb. 5, 1855, he was 
 elected a member of the board of trustees of the 
 Newburgh Savings-Bank, and has held the office 
 from year to year to the present time, being the old- 
 est member of the board of record, and the secretary 
 of tlie institution since 18.55. He was one of the few 
 men who took hold .of the bank after its projectors 
 had failed to make it a success, the most of whom re- 
 signed and their seats being declared vacant. The 
 deposits at that time were only about $28,000. Mr. 
 Wiltsie was instrumental, with others, in inducing 
 sterling business men to join in making the bank a 
 success, the deposits in 1881 amounting to $3,714,501. 
 On Jan. 5, 1870, he was appointed secretary and treas- 
 urer of the Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike Com- 
 pany, and has since filled that position. Though no 
 politician, ho filled the position of deputy internal 
 revenue assessor for some years, and until the abo- 
 lition of the income tax. During his term of office 
 he had the satisfaction of having all his decisions on 
 parts of the revenue law coming before him sustained 
 by the department at Washington. The vigorous 
 state of health which Mr. Wiltsie enjoys he attributes 
 to his annual visit to the Adirondack Mountains, and 
 his fondness for the rod and gun, which he has lialiit- 
 ually used for the last half-century. On July 24, 
 1869, he was elected president of the "Hudson River 
 Association for the Protection of Fish and Game," an 
 office which he still fills. 
 
 In the institutions of Freemasonry and Odd-Fel- 
 lowship Mr. Wiltsie has also taken an active interest. 
 He is a member of Hudson River Lodge, No. 607, 
 F. and A. M. ; of Highland Chapter, No. 62, 
 R. A. M. ; of King Solomon's Council, No. 31, R. A. 
 S. M., and of Hudson River Commandery, No. 35, 
 K. T. In Odd-Fellowship he has been especially 
 honored. He was initiated in Highland Lodge, No. 
 65, at Newburgh, in 1842, and passed to the highest 
 office of the lodge during the first year of his member- 
 ship. He was admitted to the Grand Lodge in April, 
 1843, and was appointed D. D. Grand Master in 1844, 
 during which time he instituted several lodges. He 
 entered the Encampment Branch of the order May 9, 
 1845, and passing through the chairs in Mount He- 
 bron Encampment, No. 2, became a member of the 
 Grand Encampment, and filled the position of D. D. 
 Grand Patriarch for the district of Orange in 1845 
 and 1846. He was elected Grand Warden of the 
 Grand Lodge in 1850, and in 1851 was elected Deputy 
 
c-^^^t^c^ 
 
II 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 293 
 
 rand Master of the Grand Lodge of Southern New 
 ork. At the annual election in August, 1852, he 
 as unanimously elected to the position of Grand 
 aster of that jurisdiction, filling the office with 
 jnal ability and success, and winning the confidence 
 id esteem of the members of the order. 
 Mr. Wiltsie has also taken a prominent place in 
 usical circles in Newburgh, and was one of the 
 •iginal members of the Orange County Musical 
 )ciety. In religious afi'airs he was formerly a 
 ember of the Dutch Reformed Church of New- 
 irgh, and tilled the offices of elder and deacon for 
 any years, and of superintendent of the Sabbath- 
 hool for seven years. He is now a member of the 
 ir.st Presbyterian Churcji, and has been superin- 
 ndent of the Sabbath-school for five years. As 
 lunty secretary for the State, he instituted the first 
 ibbath-school teachers' association in Orange County, 
 e has been a member of the board of counselors 
 ' the Home of the Friendless since the organization 
 ' that institution. 
 
 Mr. Wiltsie married for his first wife, on Oct. 17, 
 137, Elmira, daughter of Robert Lawson, Esq., who 
 ed in January, 1843, leaving one son, G. Fred 
 "^iltsie. For his second wife he married Mary Susan, 
 lughter of Rev. Luke A. Spofford, of Massachusetts, 
 id sister of Judge Henry M. SpolTord, of Louisiana, 
 id of A. R. Spoflbrd, librarian to Congress. Her 
 ther was a lineal descendant of Israel Putnam. Of 
 lis union were born six children, viz.: Arthur V.; 
 Imira, wife of James T. Joslin, of Newburgh ; Henry, 
 ed young ; Harriet M., Charlotte E., and Laura S. 
 Bank Suspriisioiis. — The Bank of Newburgh and the 
 ighlaud Bank suspended sj^ecie payments May 12, 
 !37. On the morning of that day the directors and 
 Beers held a meeting and passed the following among 
 her resolutions : 
 
 ' Besolved, That during the suspension of specie payments by tlie New 
 tIi City banlis, it will be prudent and necessary for the village banlvs 
 retain their specie for the use of the town and county, to be used in 
 3 ordinary business of the county. 
 
 ' i??s(Wrr?(i, Tliat the banlis will, therefore, for the present, suspend 
 ying specie for tlie redemption of tlieir bills — other than such as may 
 offered by our citizens to obtain small sums for the prosecution of 
 sir accustomed business." 
 
 At eleven o'clock, the same day, a meeting of citi 
 :ns was held at the Orange Hotel, — John Ledyard, 
 lairman ; Christopher Reeve and David Sands, sec- 
 taries. After reading the resolutions adopted by 
 le banks, their course was approved. 
 In consequence of this action, the banks were able 
 supply specie to the public during the whole of the 
 ;riod of suspension. On Sept. 1, 1837, the Bank of 
 ewburgh held $23,921 in specie, and the Highland 
 auk i!!lo,450. The suspensions of 1857 were made 
 1 a similar manner. While amply prejjared to redeem 
 leir circulation in gold and silver, the suspension of 
 ew York City bauLs rendered the same course neces- 
 .ry on the part of those of Newburgh. The suspen- 
 on of specie payments growing out of the war of the 
 
 Rebellion practically began on Dec. 30, 1861, when 
 the New York City banks suspended, and has con- 
 tinued since that time, under the substitution for gold 
 and silver of an irredeemable national currency. 
 
 IX.-INCORPORATED COMPANIES. 
 NEWBURGH WHALING COMPANY. 
 
 The precise date of the organization of this com- 
 pany cannot now be ascertained, but the first entry of 
 stock was made Dec. 31, 1831. On Jan. 24, 1832, the 
 Legislature passed an act incorporating the company, 
 by the terms of which " William Roe, John P. DeWint, 
 Abraham M. Smith, John Harris, Benoni H. Howell, 
 Samuel Williams, Benj. Carpenter, Christopher Reeve, 
 and Augustus F. Schofield," and such others as were 
 then or might thereafter be associated with them, were 
 empowered to engage " in the whale fishery in the 
 Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and elsewhere, and in 
 the manufacture of oil and spermaceti candles." The 
 capital stock was fi.xed at $200,000, in shares of $50 ; 
 but the company was authorized to commence busi- 
 ness as soon as $.50,000 should be subscribed and paid 
 in. The persons named in the act were to be the first 
 directors of the company, and were also to act as com- 
 missioners to receive subscriptions to the stock. Direc- 
 tors were to be elected on the first Tuesday in January 
 of each year ; the company authorized to purchase 
 and hold real estate to an amount not exceeding 
 $25,000, and to have and perform all the rights and 
 privileges of an incorporated company, with the only 
 restriction that " no foreigner" should " ever be a 
 stockholder, or anywise interested in said company." 
 
 The company was immediately organized under 
 this act, and William Roe ajipointed president, Aaron 
 Belknap, secretary, and Abraham M. Smith, agent. 
 The books were opened for subscriptions, and $109,000, 
 or 2186 shares, of the capital stock taken. On April 
 1st the company purchased the ship " Portland," for 
 $15,250; in August the ship "Russell," for $14,500 ; 
 and in May following the ship "Illinois," for $12,000. 
 During the same year they also erected a large store- 
 house on Water Street, near First Street, and a com- 
 modious wharf. The ships purchased were fitted out 
 and made two voyages each. The " Portland" was 
 under command of Capt. Cook ; the " Russell" under 
 Capt. Brock; and the "Illinois," first voyage, Capt. 
 Leonard, second voyage, Capt. Merchant. 
 
 The business of the company was continued until 
 1837. In 1834, Charles Ludlow, David W. Bate, John 
 Harris, Edmund Sanxay, Abraham M. Smith, James 
 G. Clinton, Daniel Farrington, David M. DuBois, and 
 John Chambers were chosen directors. In the presi- 
 dency, John D. Lawson succeeded Mr. Roe in 1833, 
 and Charles Ludlow succeeded Mr. Lawson in 1834. 
 Uriah Lockwood succeeded Mr. Belknap, and James 
 Belknap Mr. Lockwood, as secretary. The last voy- 
 age made was by the ship " Portland," Capt. Cook, 
 wiiich arrived in New York in March, 1837, with 
 
294 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YOKK. 
 
 2100 barrels whale oil, 350 barrels sperm oil, and 
 19,000 pounds of bone. The carj;;o sold for about 
 $40,000. 
 
 The onteriirisc, however, failed to yield the profit 
 anticipated, and was abandoned. Keeeivers were aji- 
 ])ointed, the ships and other property sold, and the 
 stocklioldei-s paid baek their original subscriptions 
 with the addition of a small dividend. The e.Kistence 
 of the company ceased in 1S40; and in 184G its books, 
 with the exception of an imperfect day-book, were 
 destroyed by the tire which consumed the store of 
 Daniel Farringtou, in which they were deposited. 
 
 i 
 
 NEWBURGII STEAM MILLS. 
 In the early part of the year 1844 a stock company 
 was Ibrmed for the purpose of erecting mills for the 
 manufacture of cotton goods. The capital agreed 
 upon was $100,000, and the subscriptions to the stock 
 were completed on May 25th. On June 5th the com- 
 pany was formally organized, and .lohn Foi-syth, lli- 
 i-am liennett, David Crawford, Aaron P. Johnes, 
 Homer liamsdell, Benjamin Carpenter, Cliristopher 
 Reeve, Uriah Lockwood, and Daniel Farrington, 
 elected directors ; Hiram Bennett, president ; Homer 
 Ramsdell, vice-i)resident ; Daniel Farrington, treas- 
 urer; and Uriah Lockwood, secretary. On June 12th 
 the directors selected the site, and soon after com- 
 menced the erection of the necessary buildings. The 
 works were completed and the manufacture of cotton 
 commenced in 1845, since which time the mills have 
 continued in operation, and partial time kept during 
 the most trying revulsions. A large portion of the 
 original stockholders have disposed <<( their interest, 
 and a majority of the stock is now held by the estate 
 of Thomas Garner, and is under the super. ;itondency 
 of Mr. HORATIO B. BECKMAN. The nuiiii Imild- 
 ing is 250 feet long by 50 feet broad, and hai five 
 floors beside the basement, — one floor being devoted 
 to each of the processes of cotttm manufacture. In 
 addition to this building is another 00 by 40 feet. 
 
 GAS-LHiiri' COMPANIES. 
 
 Sewburgh Ons-lie/hf Coinpiiny. — This com])any was 
 organized in May, 1851, with a capital of t;().'),0(l(>. 
 The following gentlemen composed the first board of 
 directors, viz. : Homer Kamsdell, David Crawford, E. 
 W. Farrington, and John J. Monell, of Newburgh, 
 and J. A. Sabaten, of Albany, and S. Sabaten, of New- 
 ark, N. J. David Crawford was elected president, and 
 J. J. Mouell, secretary and treasurer of the board. 
 Gas was first lighted in the latter part of September, 
 1852. 
 
 Consumers' Gas-light Company. — This company was 
 organized in 1879, and its works constructed. The 
 Newburgh Gas-light Company was consolidated with 
 it in 1881. 
 
 X.-SUPPLY OP WATEH. 
 Prior to 1817 the village of Newburgh was mainly 
 supplied with water by wells; but, as population in- 
 
 creased, it became necessary to procure a supply from 
 other sources. Private enterprise, for a time, relieved 
 the more pressing demand. In 1804 the board of 
 trustees took the subject in hand, and submitted to 
 the inhabitant,* a |ilan for forming a stock association, 
 which resulted in the incorporation, by an act of the 
 Legislature, passed March 7, ISOO, of the "Newburgh 
 Aqueduct Association." Beyond this, however, no- 
 thing appears to have been done until 1809, when, on 
 March 27lli, the Legislature passed an act empowering 
 the trustees to procure a supply of water for the use 
 of the village, and for that purpose to enter upon the 
 possession of any sjirings or streams of water within 
 the corporate bounds ; provided, that there should, 
 " in all cases, be left a suihciency of water in said 
 spring or s|)rings so taken, for the use of the owner 
 of the lands wherein the sai<l spring or springs are 
 situated, and his iu'irs and their assigns forever;" and 
 further, that compensation should be made for the 
 property so taken. Two hundred and fifty dollars 
 were to be raised annually by ta'x to meet the expenses 
 incurred, and the act of ISOti was repealed. The sum 
 named in this act proved to be insufficient, and no 
 further proceedings were had until 1812, when a iiiect- 
 ing of the citizens was held (February 29th), who 
 sanctioned the levying of a higher tjix by the trus- 
 tees; but the latter regarded a compliance with the 
 wishes of the former as illegal, and directed the rais- 
 ing of only the amount s|)ecified. This was the first 
 water tax levied. 
 
 In May, 1813, the tnislees determined to contract 
 with Jonathan Hasbrouck, the owner of Cold Spring, 
 and Walter Case and Jacob Powell were appointed a 
 committee for that purpose. No arrangement, how- 
 ever, was made with Mr. Hasbrouck, and the subject 
 rested until June 20, 1814, when the trustees " Ji>'- 
 so/oal, That we will ]iroceed with all convenient speed 
 to supply the inhabitants of the village of Newburgh 
 with j)ure and wholesome water ;" and as Water Street 
 was about to be ])aved, that water-logs be laid before 
 that work was done. In 1815 the ditticnlties under 
 which the trustees labored were partially removed by 
 an ainendinent to the charter of the village, by which 
 $2000 could be raised annually by tax for contingent 
 expenses and for the introduction of water. An edbrt 
 was then made to purchase a spring owned by Mr. 
 Mandevill, late the property of Jno. J. Monell ; but 
 it was not .snccessful. Nothing further was done un- 
 til ISlt), when the trustees appointed a committee to 
 examine the water lots of Jacob Ritchie, in the 
 vicinity of Grand and Third Streets, for the purpose 
 of ascertaining the extent of the supply which could 
 be obtained from that source. Experiments were 
 made by this committee, who subsequently reported 
 that the yield was not sufficient. The proposition to 
 take the Cold Spring was then renewed, and an agree- 
 ment was made with Mr. Hasbrouck for that pur|)Ose. 
 The water was to be taken from a " pen-stock" which 
 had been erected on Liberty Street for supplying the 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 295 
 
 ewery of Robert DunIo|), and conveyed " from 
 cure down Ann Street to Golden Street, thence 
 rougli Golden and Water Streets as far north as the 
 ore of Harris i*i; Miller." 
 
 At this stage of the proceedings the Conrt of Chan- 
 iry (Aug. 26, 181G), on the application of George 
 ardner, through whose lands the outlet of the spring 
 issed, granted an order restraining the trustees from 
 rther action, as, under tlie act of 1809, they were 
 ((uired to leave sufficient water in the s|)ring for 
 le use of those interested in it as a source of private 
 ipply. The trustees referred- the subject to their 
 )unsel, Mr. Henry, of Albany, who, after examining 
 le act, advised them that he considered it ine.xpe- 
 ent to make a motion to dissolve the injunction, 
 he trustees then agreed (Jan. 10, 1X17), to ask the 
 egislature to " repeal the act of 1800, and substitute, 
 1 lieu thereof, a law for the same purpose based upon 
 ore just and constitutional principles as to the mode 
 id extent of contracting for or taking the water to 
 i introduced into the'village." This action was ap- 
 roved by the citizens, at a public meeting held on 
 [arch 20th, and tlu^ act aiijilied for passed the Legis- 
 .ture April 7th. This act authorized the trustees to 
 ike, for the use of the village, such sources of supply 
 i they might deem necessary. In case of disagree- 
 lent with the owners of the property so taken, the 
 ibject of damages was to be referred to \Vm. Tliomp- 
 )n, Daniel G. Verplanck, and Abni. H. Schenck, 
 ho should fix the amounts to be paid. The trustees 
 nmediately made application to Jonathan and Eli 
 [asbrouck, George Gardner, and Patrick McGahey 
 -he guardian of the heirs of Charles Mackin), for the 
 de of their several rights in the Cold Spring. Jon- 
 ;han Hasbrouck demanded $10,000; Eli Hasbrouck, 
 ■)000, Geo. Gardner, $5000, and the heirs of Charles 
 [ackin, $500. The trustees regarding the sums as 
 [together too large, applied to the commissioners 
 anted in the act, who awarded to Jonathan Has- 
 rouck $2000, to Eli Hasbrouck $100, to Geo. Card- 
 er $1500, and to the Mackin heirs $50. The 
 ward was accepted by the trustees, and the several 
 ims paid. The deed from Jonathan Hasbrouck, 
 owever, was made subject to a previous contract with 
 [obert Dunlop, then held by James Law, for supply- 
 ig his brewery with water. The construction of the 
 'orks was resumed, and, in addition to those already 
 amed, logs were ordered laid through Smith and 
 iiberty Streets. In 1819 the Legislature passed an 
 ct enabling the trustees to fund the water debt, then 
 mounting to $5000. In 1821 a larger supply of 
 ■ater being deemed necessary, the trustees purchased 
 ic Ritchie lots, on Grand Street, from John Ledyard, 
 )r the sum of $450; and in 1829 sold the property, 
 'itli the exception of I he spring, for $4715. Subse- 
 uently, an additional source of supply wiis found on 
 lie lands of Wm. P. C. Smith, and a reservoir built 
 ear the residence of the late Rev. Dr. Johnston. 
 Such — with the addition of several large reservoirs 
 
 — were the Newburgh water-works prior to the intro- 
 duction of a supply from the Little Pond. In regard 
 to this source, it may be remarked that the proposi- 
 tion to secure it was first made in 1885, and was re- 
 newed, in various forms, until its final adoption in 
 
 1852. To trace the several plans which were, from 
 time to time, submitted to the public on the subject 
 is unnecessary. It is sufficient to say that after a full 
 examination of the Powellton Springs, the Gidney- 
 town Creek, and the Little Poiid, the people of the 
 village almost unanimously approved the latter as a 
 source of supply ; and in March, 1852, an act ap- 
 pointing commissioners for the purpose of construct- 
 ing the works was passed by the Legislature. In ac- 
 cordance with the terms of this act, on the report of 
 the commissioners, an election was held (Nov. 15, 
 1852), when 821 ballots were cast for, and 16 against, 
 the plan of supplying the village with water from the 
 Little Pond. The works were put under contract in 
 
 1853, and $93,976.91 were expended by the commis- 
 sionei-s. In addition to this sum, the trustees ex- 
 pended in 1852, $950.1G; in 1854, $7007.87; in 1855, 
 $2778.60; in 1856, $750.16 ; in 1857, $1646.88 ; in 1858, 
 $4796.01 ; in 1859, $1541.36 ; and from March 1st of 
 the latter year until Jan. 1, 1860, about $2000, — 
 making a total of $115,448.75. The act, however, 
 contemplated an outlay of only $100,000, for which 
 sum Ijonds were issued. 
 
 The works have been materially enlarged since the 
 introduction of the supply, viz. : in 1867, by the con- 
 nection of Silver Creek with Little Pond, and in 1872 
 -73, by the laying of a new main connecting directly 
 with the pond. The total of expenditures for con- 
 struction, etc., from 1852 to 1875, was.$381,031.16. In 
 1855 the water-rents were $8369 ; in 1875, $29,307.71. 
 Of all classes of distributing pipes (exclusive of ser- 
 vice pipes) there is a fraction over eighteen miles. 
 The annual report of the commissioners and of Maj. 
 E. C. Boynton, the superintendent, for the year 1875, 
 supplies complete details of receipts and expenditures. 
 
 NEWBURGH FERRY. 
 
 On May 24, 1743, Alexander Golden presented a 
 petition to the Hon. George Clark, Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor of the province, and Council, for letters patent 
 enabling him to establish a ferry between Newburgh 
 and Fishkill. This petition, after reciting the patent 
 to the Palatinates, states " That as there are now 
 many settlements on both sides of the Hudson River, 
 persons frequently have occasion to cross over from 
 one side of the river to the other, but are often obliged 
 to wait a considerable time for a passage over the 
 same, there being no ferry established on either side 
 thereof: that your petitioner is willing to jirovide 
 proper boats and persons constantly to attend lor the 
 transportation of passengers, horses, and goods across 
 the said river to and from the aforesaid tract of land, 
 now commonly called the Newburgh Patent; and has 
 obtained liberty of the owners of the land on the 
 
296 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 easterly side of the said river to land or take on board 
 any passengers that shall have occasion to cross the 
 said river with their horses and goods, wliich will be 
 of great use and benefit to travelers and other persons 
 that may have occasion to cross said river." The 
 petitioner asked that the letters patent be issued to 
 himself, his heirs and assigns forever, for " all the soil 
 under the water one hundred feet into the river from 
 the high-water mark, the whole length of the patent 
 (219 chains), that he.may be enabled to make proper 
 wharves and landing-places ;" and also that " His 
 Honor and the Council" should establish " such fer- 
 riage fees" as they should deem reasonable. 
 
 The petition was accompanied by a statement show- 
 ing the " Kates heretofore taken by way of Ferriage 
 for crossing Hudson's River above the Highlands," 
 as follows : 
 
 "For every Mull ainl Horse £0 6«. Od. 
 
 For every pei-soii without a Horae 2 
 
 And if bull weatlier, a Mail and a Horse 10 U " 
 
 The following were the " Rates" proposed to be 
 taken : 
 
 " For every Man and Horse £0 2s. Gd. , 
 
 But if tbref* or more together, for eacli Man and Horse. 2 
 
 For a single person only 10 
 
 For each footman (if three or more together) 
 
 For every Horse or single beast 16 
 
 Bnt if three or more together, for each 1 :{ 
 
 For every Calf or Hog G 
 
 For every Sheep or Lamb 4 
 
 For every full Barrel 10 
 
 For every empty Barrel 4 
 
 For every Pail of Butter a 
 
 For every Firkin or Tub of Butter 6 
 
 For every bushel of Salt or Grain :l 
 
 For every hundred-weight of Iron, Lead, &c 9 
 
 For evei-y Chaise, Kitterin, or Sleigh 4 
 
 For every Wagon and Cart 6 
 
 and so in proportion for all things according to their bullc and weight." 
 
 At a meeting of the Council, May 24th, the patent 
 asked for was granted, and the petitioner thereby 
 invested with the "sole keeping of a ferry between 
 any and every part of the said tract, and for the soil 
 under water (so far only as his own land run), 100 
 foot into the water from high-water mark, under the 
 yearly quit-rent of five shillings" at the " rates pro- 
 posed to be taken." i 
 
 Immediately after receiving the patent, Colden 
 complied with its provisions, and continued for several ' 
 years in the exercise of its privileges. Sail- and row- i 
 boats were used for the purpose of ferriage; a landing 
 place was constructed at the foot of T'irst Street, and 
 the enterprise conducted with consideraljle system. 
 What became of the ferry during the Revolution does 
 not a]5pear, l)ut it is of record that a ferry called the 
 "Continental ferry" was maintained from Fishkill. 
 Its owners in 1782 were Martin Wiltsie and Jacob 
 Carpenter. The place of landing was at the foot of 
 Third Street. In 1782 it changed its regular jdace of [ 
 landing from Newburgh to New Windsor, and this 
 change, coupled with the fact that the Colden charter, 
 as well as all similar grants, was regarded as void in 
 consequence of the Revolution, was the occasion of ! 
 the establishment of a new ferry " at Fishkill and 
 Newburgh landings, where the public (or Continental) 
 ierry was formerly kept" by Peter Bogardus, of Fish- 
 
 kill, and John Anderson and James Denton, of New- 
 burgh, w'ho announced that tliey had "built boats for 
 the purpose of attending said ferry, of the best con- 
 struction, for the transporting of wagons and horses, 
 and a good scow for tlie convenience of transporting 
 loaded wagons," and that the prices of ferriage would 
 be as thev were before the war, viz. : 
 
 "For a footman I shilling. 
 
 Man and horse 2 shillings. 
 
 Two-horse Wagon 10 shillings. 
 
 Loaded do. ...12 shillings. 
 Hiding Cliair G shilling 
 
 Four-horse Wagon 14 shillings. 
 
 Loaded do 1 pound. 
 
 Vhaiton and pair 12 shillings 
 
 Ton of Iron 8 sbilliDgs. 
 
 Hogshead of Rum 5 shillings. 
 
 and so in proportion for every other article.' 
 
 This ferry was continued until after 1826, under the 
 proprietorship of John P. DeWint. Its place of land- 
 ing was changed to near the foot of Fourth Street, 
 and was subsequently consolidated with the Colden 
 ferry, as hereinafter stated. 
 
 The Colden charter was sold by the heirs of the 
 patentee (Dec. 15, 1802) to Leonard Carpenter for the 
 sum of $2500. On Oct. 24, 1804, Leonard Carpenter 
 sold to Jacob Carpenter one-half of the charter for 
 the sum of $1250. In August, 1805, the New Windsor 
 and tlie Colden ferries were combined, the joint owners 
 being Leonard and Jacob Carpenter, Martin Wiltsie, 
 Martin Wiltsie, Jr., and Peter Bogardus. On Oct. 
 26, 1825, Ann and Catharine Bogardus, heirs of Peter 
 Bogardus, sold their interest in the ferry to Benjamin 
 Thorne for $200 ; and on November 9th Mr. Tliorne 
 sold the interest thus jHirchased to J. P. DeWint for 
 the same sum. On April 1, 1826, Bridget, widow of 
 Leonard Carpenter, sold to Alexander R. Carpenter 
 her right in the ferry for the sum of $300. On the 
 same day Alexander and Jane B. Carpenter sold to 
 Isaac R. Carpenter their interest, — the former for the 
 sum of «;2800, and the latter for $2500, the difierence 
 in the sums being made by the addition of the third 
 held by Mrs. Carpenter to that of Alexander. Isaac 
 R. Carpenter was now the owner of the entire interest 
 held by his father; to which he added, by purchase, 
 March 1, 1827, from Henry B. Carpenter, the interest 
 formerly held by Jacob Carpenter. On Feb. 25, 1832, 
 Mr. Carpenter purchased from the heirs of Martin 
 Wiltsie, Sr., all the right, title, and interest of their 
 father for the sum of .'¥8000 ; and sold (November 27th) 
 to John P. DeWint one-half of the interest purchased 
 for $6000. On March 1, 1833, Martin Wiltsie, Jr., 
 sold to Mr. DeWint and Isaac R. Carpenter, by whom 
 the ferry was now conducted in partnership, all his 
 right, title, and interest for the sum of $5000; and on 
 March 26th of the same year Carpenter purcliased 
 the entire right of DeWint, and became sole proprie- 
 tor. On May 1, 1835, Mr. Carpenter sold the ferry to 
 Mr. DeWint for the sum of $52,000 ; and on May 30th 
 of the same- year Mr. DeWint sold the whole to 
 Thomas Powell for $80,000. Mr. Powell remained 
 the owner until 1850, when, on October 15th, by deed 
 of gift, the property passed to his daughter, Mrs. 
 Frances E. L. Ramsdell. 
 
 Sail- and row-boats alone were used until 1816, when 
 a horse-boat was launched at Newburgh (July 16th), 
 
NEWBUEGH. 
 
 297 
 
 and commenced ber trips on August 8tli. The Political 
 Index of August 10th says, "The team-boat 'Moses 
 Rogers' passed from this village, on Wednesday last, 
 to Fishkill Landing with the following load: one 
 coach and horses, a wagon and horse, seventeen chaises 
 and horses, one horse, and fifty passengers." The 
 ''Rogers" was succeeded by a horse-boat called the 
 " Caravan," a flat-bottomed vessel with a wheel in the 
 centre. She was run in connection with the sail-boat 
 "Mentor" and the horse-boat " Duchess" (the latter 
 built by Mr. DeWint for his ferry), and was subse- 
 quently converted into a steamer under the name of 
 the "Jack Downing." In 1S28 the steamer " Post- 
 Boy" was built at Low Point and placed on the line. 
 Her engine was made in Philadelphia, and was a very 
 unique affair. Her name was subsequently changed 
 to " Phreni.x." She gave place to the " Gold Hunter," 
 which was built by Mr. Powell, at Xewburgh. The 
 " J'ulton," the " Williamsburgh," and the " Union" 
 were successively purchased by Mrs. Ramsdell, by 
 whom also the present ferry-houses were erected. 
 The "Union" having been destroyed, Mrs. Ramsdell 
 had its place supplied (1880) by an iron boat, eon- 
 Btructed by Ward & Stanton, of Newburgh, and which 
 bears the name of "City of Newburgh." The deed 
 from Mr. Carpenter requires the proprietors of the 
 krvy to continue the landing at the foot of Second 
 Street, and to preserve an open and free passage to 
 and from the public street. 
 
 XI.— NEASTBURGH POST-OFFICE. 
 
 From the destruction by fire of the records of the 
 Post-Office Department at Washington in 1836, it is 
 impossible to ascertain the date of the appointment 
 af the first postmaster, or of the establishment of the 
 sffice at Newburgh. From the records of the auditor's 
 jffice, in which the accounts of the postmasters are 
 kept, the books of which were preserved, it is ascer- 
 tained that the office at Newburgh commenced render- 
 ing accounts Jan. 1, 1796, and that Ebenezer Foots 
 was the first postmaster. It is therefore presumed that 
 the office was established some time during the mouth 
 jf December, 1795. A list of all the ])ostmasters, prior 
 ;o 1810, is annexed, each appointee holding the office 
 ip to the time of the rendering of accounts by his 
 successor, to wit : 
 
 Bbenezer Foote, fiuni Jan. 1, 179G. 
 [lairv Caldwell, from Oct. 1, 1707. 
 
 Daniel Birdsall, from Oct. 1, 1S02. 
 Chester Clark, from July 1, 1810. 
 
 The following have been appointed since 1810: 
 
 iaron Belknap, March 26, 1812. 
 rooker Wygant, Nov. 26, 1830. 
 4. C. JIulliner, May 23, 1833. 
 Benj. n. Mace, Nov. 23, 1836. 
 [Jliver Davis, June 17, 1841. 
 Fames Belknap, May IS, 1843. 
 Samuel W. Eager, Aug. 6, 1849. 
 
 Joseph Casterline, Jr., May 4,1853. 
 
 Ezra Farrington, May 22, 1861. 
 James H. Reeve, Nov. 1, 1866. 
 Henry Major, May 7, 18G7.* 
 Jos. Lomas, Aug. 22, 1807. 
 Ezra Farrington, July 19, 1869. 
 John C. Adams, April 1, 1875. 
 
 The early mails of the district were carried and 
 letters received and delivered by post-riders, who, for 
 their own convenience, as well as for the convenience 
 of those wishing to send letters, appointed stations 
 for that purpose. The Newburgh station was, for 
 many years, at the tavern of Michael Weigand ; the 
 New Windsor station, at the " Glass House" in the 
 village of New Windsor. Letters were left at these 
 stations until called for. The Newburgh office was 
 the secondt in this section of the county ; its delivery 
 included letters for Marlborough, Plattekill, New 
 Windsor, etc. 
 
 • A special officer of tlie Post-Offlce Department, who held the place 
 n consequence of the refusal of the Senate to confirm the appointments 
 )f President Johnson. 
 20 
 
 XII.— FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The fire department of Newburgh was organized 
 under an act of the Legislature, passed March 24, 
 1797, by which the inhabitants of the town residing 
 east of Liberty Street and south of an east and west 
 line running si.x rods north of the academy, were au- 
 thorized to elect five trustees, " to be called the Trus- 
 tees of the Fire Company of the Village of New- 
 burgh," who should have full power "to nominate 
 and appoint a sufficient number of firemen, not e.K- 
 ceeding twenty to every fire-engine" then provided 
 or thereafter to be provided for the use of the said 
 village, " out of the inhabitants being free-holders or 
 persons renting property to the value of one hundred 
 dollars per annum, to have the care, management, 
 working, and using the said fire-engines and other 
 instruments." The persons so appointed were to be 
 called " the firemen of the village of Newburgh ;" 
 they were required " to be ready at all fires, as well 
 by night as by day," and were exempted from service 
 as constables or as jurors of inquest. Prior to the 
 passage of this law, there is no record of the existence 
 of an engine, or apparatus, or of any organization for 
 the extinguishment of fires, nor is there record of any 
 proceedings under the law, although it is probable 
 that an organization was made in accordance to its 
 terms. The act was superseded by the act of incor- 
 poration (1800), under which the powers which it 
 conferred were vested in the trustees of the village. 
 The minutes of the latter body make no reference to 
 the department until May, 1806, at which time two 
 fire companies are of record, both fully organized 
 and supplied with engines. At what precise date 
 these companies wei-e organized cannot be shown ; 
 but from a certificate issued by the board of trustees 
 in 1802, both companies were clearly in existence at 
 that time, from which fact it may be inferred that the 
 trustees of the village found the department organ- 
 ized, and simply accepted the work which had been 
 done. 
 
 From May, 1806, the record of the department is 
 essentially complete. The two companies which were 
 in existence at that time were composed of the follow- 
 ing members : 
 
 f Montgomery, or " Ward's Bridge," was the first. (See " Trade and 
 Commerce.") 
 
298 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 No. 1.— Wni. L. Smitli, Enocli E. Tilton, Walter Burling, Henry Tudor, 
 Ward M. Gazlay, Gilbert N. Clement, Minard Harris, John Care- 
 kaden,CalebSuttou,GeorgeE.HuIse,Jolin Coleman, John Hoagland, 
 William Adee, Andrew Preston, Nicholas Wright, John Forsytli, 
 Walter Case. 
 
 No. 2. — lohn Harris, Jonathan Fisk, John Richardson, SelaU Eeeve, 
 Joseidi Reeve, John Anderson, Jr., Leonard Carpenter, James Ham- 
 ilton, Samuel I. Gregory, Willisim Gardiner, Nathaniel Burling, 
 Solomon Sleight, Jonathan Carter, Hiram Weller, Samuel W"ri{:ht, 
 Hugh Spier, Thos. Powell, Cornelius DeWitt, Joseph Hoffman, Cad- 
 wallader Roe, Daniel Nivin, Jr., Benoni H. Howell, Sylvanus Jessup. 
 
 The house of Company No. 1 was ordered estab- 
 lished (July 17, 1806) "near the house of Robert W. 
 Jones, on Eight-rod Street ;" and the house of No. 2 
 (May 17, 1810) was located on "the northeast corner 
 of the Presbyterian church lot." 
 
 No further reference to these companies appears in 
 the minutes of the trustees — except lists of their offi- 
 cers — for several years. On Dec. 9, 1823, a meeting 
 of citizens was held at Crawford's hotel, and a resolu- 
 tion adopted requesting the trustees to " purchase a 
 new engine for the jtrotection of the village against 
 fire." In compliance with this request, the trustees, 
 on January 1st, following, contracted with E. Force, 
 of New York, for a new engine at a cost of $750. On 
 the 20th of the same month they purchased the lot on 
 the corner of Montgomery and Second Streets for the 
 sum of $92, and subsequently laid a tax of $1200 for 
 the erection of an engine-house thereon and to pay 
 for the engine. In addition to this sum, the Wash- 
 ington Insurance Company of New York contributed 
 $100 ; the Fulton Insurance Company, $100 ; and the 
 North River Insurance Company, $50, towards the 
 purchase of the new engine. The new engine was 
 completed in March, 1824, and the question at once 
 arose among the firemen which company should be 
 honored with its use and preservation. After a sharp 
 discussion the question was decided by the trustees 
 (March 18tli) in favor of Company No. 1, by the casting 
 vote of the jiresident of the board. The company ipi- 
 mediately reorganized under the title of No. 3, and a 
 new companj' was soon after raised for the old engine. 
 During the same year the engines were removed to 
 the new engine-house. 
 
 The first hook-and-1 adder company, if such it may 
 be called, was organized March 3, 1810, by the addi- 
 tion to the two fire companies of eight men, viz. : Jo- 
 seph Carpenter, Elijah Boardman, James Donnelly, 
 Benjamin Anderson, Thomas Phillips, Jr., William 
 Thayer, Nathaniel Boyd, and Samuel Burtis. This 
 organization continued until Aug. 5, 1828, when three 
 persons were selected from each company and a more 
 independent organization effected. The implements 
 of the company were housed in a shed which was 
 erected in the rear of the engine-house. New ladders, 
 etc., were procured in 1852, and a suitable house (now 
 the police station) erected on First Street. The 
 company has borne, at different times, the names of 
 " Clinton" and " Brewster," the latter since April, 
 1861, in honor of Hiram S. Brewster, for several 
 years its foreman. 
 
 In 1835 (May 6th), on the petition of John McClel- 
 land, James G. Clinton, Francis Bolton, and others, 
 the trustees organized Washington Engine Company, 
 No. 4, and ordered a new engine from James Smith. 
 On July 1st they purchased a lot on Western Avenue 
 for $300, on which a small, but then regarded as 
 suitable, building was erected for the company. The 
 new engine was delivered in a rough coat of paint, 
 and was subsequently finished in a very complete 
 manner at the expense of the company. More mod- 
 ern and of more power than No. 3, it took the rank to 
 which it was entitled. Songs and music were written 
 in its honor ; its company overflowed with the most 
 vigorous element in the community. 
 
 In 1837 (July 4th), Niagara Engine Company, No. 5, 
 was organized by the trustees, on the petition of Sam- 
 uel J. Farnum, Albert Noe, C. A. Gardiner, and others. 
 On August 22d a lot was purchased on South Street, a 
 house was ordered erected thereon, similar in every 
 respect to that occupied by No. 4, and a contract 
 made for the construction of an engine. This ma- 
 chine was a duplicate of No. 4, and the question of 
 superiority led to many spirited contests. 
 
 In 1840 the membership of several of the com- 
 panies exceeded the number fixed by the trustees, 
 and it was proposed that the surplus should be per- 
 mitted to act as volunteers. The trustees referred the 
 subject to a committee, who reported (July 18th) 
 against the plan. This result led to an " indignant 
 parade" on the part of the volunteers of Company 
 No. 5; but the excitement soon subsided, and the 
 cause of complaint was removed by the adoption 
 (Sept. 14th), on the part of the trustees, of a resolu- 
 tion permitting each company to have a membership 
 of fifty. 
 
 In 1844 (Aug. 22d), a meeting of citizens author- 
 ized the purchase of a new engine for Company No. 
 3; and the trustees (Dec. 2d) contracted with James 
 Smith, of New York, for its construction. The en- 
 gine was delivered in the spring of 1845, and was 
 finished in an elegant manner by the company. It 
 was the first " piano" machine. In 1849 a new en- 
 gine was purchased for Company No. 4; and, in 1850, 
 one for Company No. 5 ; both of the improved style. 
 The engine of No. 4 was again exchanged in 1861. 
 
 The first hose company was organized in 1840. Its 
 oflicers (Jan. 1, 1841) were William Scott, foreman; 
 Rensselaer Whited, assistant, and Abel Belknap, Jr., 
 secretary and treasurer. At this time the only hose 
 carriage was a "jumper" attached to Engine No. 3. 
 The occasion of its organization was the prior organi- 
 zation by a number of boys of a hose company, of 
 which Maxwell Wiley was foreman, Cornelius O. 
 Madden, assistant, and E. M. Ruttenber, secretary, 
 j whose purpose it was to perform in this way the 
 I taking of the "jumper" to and from fires, to which 
 duty they were invariably generously assigned by the 
 members of the engine company. The sages of the 
 i corporation had " no power" to recognize boys as 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 299 
 
 members of the departinetit, and, lest they should do 
 some mischief, appointed men who, if too old to run 
 with the machine, could see to it that due decorum 
 and solemnity was observed in the discharge of that 
 duty. Columbian Hose is the oflspring of this com- 
 pany. 
 
 The introduction of water from Little Pond brought 
 with it several changes in the apparatus of the de- 
 partment. Engine Company, No. 1, became 
 Excflsior Hose Company, No. 1, and, in Sep- 
 tember, 1852, Columbia Hose Company, No. 2. 
 Ringgold Hose Company, No. 1, was organized 
 
 Feb. 1, 1854. Neptune Hose Company was or- 
 
 ganized Sept. (5, 185S ; name changed to Leonard 
 Hose Company, No. 3, and, in 1873, to Leonard 
 Steam Fire-Engine Company, No. 2. Chapman 
 Hose Company, No. 4, was organized in Septem- 
 ber, 1859. Cataract Engine Company, No. 3, 
 was cbanged to Lawson Hose Company, No. 5, 
 in 1871, when the engine purchased in 1845 was 
 sold. Washington Engine Company, No. 4, was 
 changed to Washington Steam Fire-Engine 
 Company, No. 4 (now No. 1), in 1872, and the 
 first steam fire-engine purchased by the city 
 assigned to its care. The hand-engine pur- 
 chased for the company in 18t)l was rebuilt and 
 transferred to West Newburgh, in charge of 
 Highland Engine Company, No. 3. The en- 
 gine of No. 5 wa.s sold in 1872, the company 
 having been disbanded some time previously. 
 The department is now composed of one hook- 
 and-ladder company, one hand-engine com- 
 pany, two steam fire-engine companies, and 
 four hose companies. The estimated value of 
 the property of the department is $60,000. The 
 steamers uovv in use cost $4200 each. 
 
 The first engines are remembered by many 
 of our citizens. No. 1 was a plain old-fashioned 
 machine of very limited power. No. 2 was what 
 was called a Philadelphia engine ; it wa.s manned 
 by a double rank of men at each end, one rank 
 standing in part on the deck and in part on a 
 folding platform. The manning force was about 
 sixteen, but as the deck men could not be re- 
 lieved when the engine was in motion, they 
 were of limited usefulness. The forte of the 
 engine was in throwing a small .stream at what 
 was then regarded as a great distance ; it was 
 able to send water and spray about ninety feet. 
 No. 3 was a heavy machine and the only suction en- 
 gine of the three. It was the fancy engine of the vil- 
 lage, and the first to bear a specific name, that of 
 " Cataract." 
 
 The houses now occujiied by the dqiartment are 
 modern structures. The first was erected for Neptune 
 Hose Company (now Leonard steamer), in 1859; the 
 lot costing $400, and the house $1247.75. It is of 
 brick, two stories high, and located on North Water 
 Street. Hook-and-Ladder Company and Ringgold 
 
 Hose Company were granted new buildings in 1862. 
 A lot for the former (on Western Avenue) was pur- 
 chased for $600, and for the hitter (on Colden Street) 
 for $950. The plans of the Ijuildings were by John 
 D. Kelly, architect; the contract for erection was 
 awarded to Little & Kelly (June 21, 1862), for $2835. 
 The house of Hook-and-Ladder is of brick, two stories; 
 that of Ringgold, two stories, with basement, and 
 
 KINGGOLP HOSK HOl'Si:. 
 
 brownstone front, — the latter a contribution by the 
 company. Chapman Hose Company exchanged the 
 shed on Liberty Street, in which it was organized, for 
 a new house on South Street in 1863. The lot was 
 purchased (August 17th) for $400; the building was 
 from plans by J. D. Kelly, and cost $1975.33. Wash- 
 ington Company's house was enlarged, under contract 
 with J. D. Kelly, architect, in June, 1868, at a cost of 
 $608.48. The house occupied by Highland Company 
 was erected in 1867, under contract with Brown & 
 
300 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 McMeekin, for $2990; the lot cost $350. The original 
 engine-house, so long occupied by Engines 1, 2, and 3, 
 though enlarged and improved, yielded to the demand 
 for a more fitting structure in 1875. The plans for 
 the new building were by E. K. Shaw, architect, and 
 the work executed under contract with Wm. McMee- 
 kin, for $5494. The lot was enlarged by the purchase 
 of adjoining property at a cost of $1600. The build- 
 ing is two stories high and basement ; pressed brick 
 and Ohio stone trimmings. It supplies accommoda- 
 tions for Columbian and Lawson Hose Companies. 
 
 Chief Enghicrr. — The duties of chief engineer, for 
 several years after the organization of the fire depart- 
 ment, were performed by the president of the board 
 of trustees and by the fire wardens. Benoni H. Howell, 
 it is said, was the first engineer; the date of his 
 appointment is not recorded. He was succeeded by 
 James Belknap, and he by Benj. F. Buckingham, who 
 filled the station for six years prior to 1850, when 
 William Lisle was appointed. In 1851 the trustees 
 gave to the fire department the power to nominate an 
 engineer and two assistants ; and (May 1st) Cicero A. 
 Gardiner was elected chief, and Isaac Wood, Jr., and 
 John AV. Thomas, assistants. On May 1, 1853, Isaac 
 Wood, Jr., was elected chief, and John W. Thomas 
 and J. A. McCartney, assistants. In 1853 the depart- 
 ment failed to elect, and the trustees appointed Benj. 
 F. Buckingham, chief, and Aikman Spier and Jas. T. 
 Hamilton, assistants. In December, 1854, the trustees 
 adopted more strict regulations for conducting the 
 nomination, under which, in January following, the 
 department elected John K. Lawson, chief, and J. A. 
 McCartney and John Prnudfoot, assistants. In 1857, 
 John D. Kelly was elected chief, J. H. H. Chapman, 
 first assistant, and J. J. S. McCroskery, second assist- 
 ant. In 1859, J. H. H. Chai)man, chief, J. J. S. 
 McCroskery, first assistant, and Hugh McCutcheon, 
 second assistant. Chancey M. Leonard was elected 
 chief in 1861, and served until 1874, when he was 
 chosen mayor of the city. His assistants were, — 1861, 
 H. S. Brewster, James C. Taggart; 1863, John B. 
 Stansbrough, John W. Forsyth ; 1865, John DeLancy, 
 James C. Farrcll ; 1866, James T. Van Dalfsen, 
 Archibald Hays; 1869, Archibald Hays, Patrick Her- 
 bert; 1873, Archibald Hays, John Fitchey. In 1874, 
 Archibald Hays was elected chief, and John Fitchey 
 and O. S. Hathaway, Jr., assistants. In 1875, Wil- 
 liam Nixon, chief, and Elkanah K. Shaw, Robert W. 
 Hamilton, and Michael Barry, assistants. 
 
 Fire Department Fund. — In 1851 an incorporation 
 of the fire department became necessary, in order to 
 make available the provisions of an act of the Legis- 
 lature, passed the previous year, requiring the pay- 
 ment by insurance companies of a certain percentage 
 of their receipts for the benefit of local fire depart- 
 ments. To accomplish this object the several com- 
 panies appointed committees, who agreed to the terms 
 of an act of incorporation, which was submitted to 
 the Legislature, and became a law July 1, 1851. This 
 
 act directed the organization of a board of trustees, 
 composed of representatives from each company, to 
 "manage the affairs and dispose of the funds of the 
 corporation ;" .and the corporation, by its by-laws, 
 established a " Fire Department Fund," the income 
 of which should be appropriated to the relief of indi- 
 gent or disabled firemen, or their families, if such 
 cases should arise. This ftind, on July 24, 1851, 
 amounted to $175.68; and, although rejieatedly drawn 
 upon for the purpose for which it was constituted, is 
 now about $7000. 
 
 XIII.— KrE"WBCrHGH REGATTA ASSOCIATION. 
 The Kewburgh Regatta Association was organized 
 in the spring of 1837, through the exertions of Capt. 
 Henry Robinson. Capt. Charles Ludlow was elected 
 president, and J. J. Monell secretary. The first re- 
 gatta took place June 27, 1837, when the following 
 four-oared boats were entered, viz. : 
 
 1. "Gazelle," scarlet, red and white dress, red and white cap, New 
 York. 
 
 2. '■ Highland Wave," black, white dress, blue and white cap. New- 
 burgh. 
 
 3. "Gull," blue, blue aud white dress, straw hat, New York. 
 
 4. " Wave," black, blue and white dress, blue and white cap. New York, 
 o. " Halcyon," greeu, green and white dress, blue and white cap. New 
 
 York. 
 G. " Pearl," white, blue and white checked dress, straw hat, New York. 
 
 7. " Minerva," East India Particular, red aud white dress, red and 
 white cap, New Y'ork. 
 
 8. "Corsair," black, green and white dress, red cap, Newburgh. 
 
 The distance rowed was five miles, and the time 
 made by the winning boats as follows, viz. : " Wave," 
 32m. 38s. ; " Gull," 33m. 38s. ; "Corsair," 35m. The 
 prizes were awarded by J. J. Monell, who delivered 
 an appropriate address on the occasion. 
 
 The regatta of 1838 was for the benefit of the New- 
 burgh Library Association. The following were the 
 boats entered, viz. : " Galatea," " Highland Wave," 
 " Corsair," and " Scilla." Time : " Galatea," 24m. 
 35s.; "Wave," 24m. .50s.; "Corsair," 25m. 46s.; 
 "Scilla," 27m. Another regatta was held in 1839, 
 but the record has not been preserved. 
 
 The association was reorganized in 18.56, and a re- 
 gatta was held July 4tb of that year. Three races 
 were run, viz. : By four-oared boats, double-scull 
 boats, and single-scull boats. For the first race, the 
 "W. H. Terboss," the "Jacob Swartzer," and the 
 " Whitehall," of New York, and the " Witch of the 
 Wave," of Cold Spring, were entered. The first prize 
 was taken by the " Terboss" in 27 minutes, the second 
 by the " Swartzer" in 272 minutes, and the third by 
 the " Whitehall." For the second race, the " Enoch 
 Carter," the "T. C. Ring," the " Geo. W. Shaw," the 
 "S. Roach," and the "Fanny Fern" were entered. 
 The first prize was won by the " Carter" in 30 minutes, 
 the second by the " Ring," and the third by the 
 " Shaw." The third race was won by the " Gale" in 
 36 minutes. 
 
 The regatta of the association on the 4th of July, 
 1857, was one of more than usual historic interest 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 301 
 
 from the fact that it was the oceasion of the debut of 
 the famous oarsmen, Joshua and William H. Ward. 
 The race was a double scull, and the distance full four 
 miles. The Wards rowed in the " Fanny Fern," and 
 carried off the first prize ; time, 33 minutes and 30 
 seconds. The regattas of the association were among 
 the first on the Hudson, and from them and the oars- 
 men which they developed s])rang, in a great measure, 
 all the princi])al contests which have occurred in this 
 country, whetlier local or international.* 
 
 XIV.-NEWBURGH HORTICULTURAL SO- 
 CIETY. 
 
 The first horticultural society of Newburgh was 
 organized Jan. 13, 1829, — Rev. John Brown, president; 
 Selah Reeve and William Roe, vice-presidents; Aaron 
 Belknap, treasurer ; John W. Knevels, corresponding 
 secretary ; Tooker Wygant, recording secretary. The 
 first exhibition of the society was held Aug. 28, 1829, 
 when premiums were awarded for twenty-four diiTer- 
 ent kinds of culinary vegetables, and also for melons, 
 grajjes, peaches, and twenty specimens of flowers. 
 The officers for the succeeding year were, — Rev. John 
 Brown, president; David Ruggles and Charles Lud- 
 low, vice-presidents ; the other ofiicers remaining as 
 during the previous year. The society continued 
 annual exhibitions for several years, but ultimately 
 ceased. Its successor, the Newburgh Bay Horticul- 
 tural Society, was organized in 18(i2, — H. W. Sargeant, 
 president ; Odell S. Hathaway and Robert Sterling, 
 vice-presidents ; Alfred Post, treasurer ; E. W. Gray, 
 recording secretary ; J. C. Rennison, corres]>ondiug 
 secretary. The society has held annual and semi- 
 annual exhibitions since its organization, and devel- 
 oped a previously latent interest in the higher branches 
 of garden culture. 
 
 XV.-CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, Etc. 
 CHURCHES. 
 St. George's Episcopal. — The history of the first 
 church (the (Terman Lutheran), as well as that of the 
 introduction of the Church of England, has been 
 given elsewhere. The latter, as the successor to the 
 income of the Glebe, continued its existence under 
 the name of St. George's until 1775. During the 
 Revolution it was without a rector, and at the close 
 of the war it had become literally destroyed. On 
 Nov. 4, 1805, the church was reorganized under the 
 old name of St. George's, and Rev. Cave Jones was 
 inducted as rector. " So fearfully small," says Dr. 
 Brown, " was the number of her friends here that it 
 was found necessary to resort to the neighboring 
 parishes for a sufficient number even to form an in- 
 corporation." At this time the special purpose of 
 
 * The Ward brothers, William H., Joshua, Gilbert, and Ellis F., de- 
 feated two picked English crews in the internatioDal regatta at Saratoga, 
 Sept. 11, 1871. Joshuii was the winner of the clianipion belt in the con- 
 test off Staten Island, Oct. 11, 18r>9. Walter Brown and John Hancon 
 were also pupils in tlie regattas of the association. 
 
 the reorganization was a legal one, such a step being 
 deemed necessary in order to a recovery of the old 
 church and Glebe. Of the trial at law which ensued 
 it is unnecessary to speak, as a full account of it is 
 given in a previous chapter. The following is the 
 record of the reorganization : 
 
 " Nov. 4, 1805. — At a meeting of the persons attached to the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church in the United States of America, it was unanimously 
 agreed that the Protestant Episcopal Church of the parish of Newburgh 
 should be known, as heretofore, by the name of St. George's Church; 
 and that the election for church wardens and vestrymen of said church 
 should be held annually on Tuesday in Easter week at the Protestant 
 Episcopal church, on the German Patent, in the said parish of New- 
 burgh. 
 
 "The following wardens and vestrymen were elected: Arthur Smith 
 and George Merritt, wardens; Wni. W. Sackett, Gilbert Golden Willet, 
 Samuel Floyd, Thos. Carskadden, John Garrit, David Fowler, Henry 
 Caldwell, and Justin Foot, vestrymen : and Jonathan Fisk and Joseph 
 Hoffman, trustees of the Glebe." 
 
 " Jan. 28, 1806.— On motion, Raoletd, That Mr. Sackett, Mr. Fisk, and 
 Mr. Carskadden be a committee to wait on Mr. Foster for his consent 
 that our minister, next time he preaches in this parish, preach in the 
 academy. 
 
 "On motion, Beaoh-eii, That Mr. Fisk, Mr. Hoffman, and Mr. Carskad- 
 den be a committee to open and repair St. George's church in this 
 parish." (The old Lutheran church.) 
 
 "April 8,1806. — At a meeting of the wardens and vestrymen of St. 
 George's Church, in the parish of Newburgh, held on Tuesday, the 8th 
 day of April, 1806, at the house of Robt. R. Dolph, in the parish of New- 
 burgli, for the purpose of electing two wardens and eight vestrymen : 
 George Merritt in tlie chair ; J. Fisk, clerk. The following were chosen : 
 Henry Caldwell and David Fowler, wardens; Wm. W. Sackett, G. C. 
 Willet, Samuel Floyd. Tiios. Carskadden, Justin Foote, Francis Smith, 
 John Garrit, and Wm. Taylor, vestrymen. 
 
 " On motion, Eesohed, That Mr. Fisk be clerk to the vestry and war- 
 dens. 
 
 " On motion, Resolvvd, That Henry Caldwell be treasurer of this 
 church. 
 
 " On motion, Resohed. That Messrs. Floyd, Hoffman, Fowler, and Wil- 
 let be a committee to procure subscriptions and solicit donations for the 
 purpose of enabling the church to support a clergyman. 
 
 " Mr. Graham and Mr. Golden, a committee from St. Andrew's, applied 
 to St. George's to ascertain if this cliurch will unite with them in the 
 support of a clergyman. On motion, Resolved, That this ctiorch will 
 unite with St. Andrew's in the support of a clergyman ; and that Mr. 
 Fowler, Mr. Caldwell, and Mr. Fisk be a committee to confer with the 
 said committee from St. Andrew's, and conclude the terms on which such 
 clergyman shall be employed by our united support, and that the said 
 committee also confer with the Episcopal Church at Goshen and ascer- 
 tain if that church will unite with this and St. Andrew's to support a 
 clergyman." 
 
 "July 28, 180C. — Committee on pastor reported that they had not been 
 able to meet with committees from St. Andrew's and Goshen. 
 
 " Aug. 4, 1806. — Committee i-eported that the church at Goshen, St. 
 Andrew's, New Windsor, and Newlmrgh had agreed to unite iu sup- 
 porting a clergyman." 
 
 The pastor whose services were secured under the 
 agreement of August 4th, above quoted, was the Rev. 
 Frederick Van Home, who resided at St. Andrew's 
 (at the time probably the strongest congregation in 
 the proposed circuit), who continued in that capacity 
 until 1809, when he removed to Ballston. The Rev. 
 Mr. Mackin succeeded him, but remained in the field 
 only a few months ; and during the next year (1810) 
 an engagement was made with Rev. Mr. Powell, 
 rector of St. Andrew's, Coldenham, by St. George's 
 Church, for the one-third of his time. This state of 
 things continued until 1815, when the Rev. Dr. John 
 Brown entered upon the duties of rector of St. George's 
 
302 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 } 
 
 Church, having pieaclied his inaugural sermon on 
 December 24th of that year. Dr. Brown, then only 
 in deacon's orders, had just commenced his minis- 
 terial labors in Trinity Church, Fishkill. By the ad- 
 vice of the late Bishop Hobart, he was induced to 
 perform a third service in Newburgh for many Sun- 
 days in succession, during which period "the Holy 
 Communion was administered for the first time in the 
 parish since the Revolutionary war to the small 
 number of three."* During the first year of Dr. 
 Brown's incumbency the number of persons con- 
 firmed was 37, and 28 were admitted to the holy com- 
 munion. Dr. Brown continued in full charge of the 
 work of the parish until January, 1859, when Eev. 
 Caleb S. Henry, D.D., was engaged as assistant min- 
 ister, and served until March, 1861. In October, 
 18.59, Rev. Hobart Chetwood was engaged in tlie 
 same capacity, and served until June, 1860. He was 
 succeeded in October by Rev. John W. Clark, who 
 served until November, 1862, when the office was dis- 
 continued. Revs. T. M. Riley, John F. Potter, John 
 Downie, and Alexander Davidson successively served 
 as assistants to the rector until October, 1868, when 
 the Rev. Octavius Applegate was elected assistant 
 minister with duties involving the active rectorship. 
 Dr. Brown resigned in 1880, but holds the honorary 
 position of Rector Emeritus; Mr. Applegate that of 
 Becfor. 
 
 The first edifice occupied by the congregation of 
 St. George's was, as before mentioned, the one erected 
 by the Lutherans, and long known as the old Glebe 
 school-house. When the Episcopalians ceased to 
 occupy this church is uncertain, but it was probably 
 very soon after the war of the Revolution began. 
 In 1815 the congregation was temporarily accommo- 
 dated, through the kindness of the late Mr. Thomas 
 Ellison, of New Windsor, in a building on Liberty 
 Street, known as the Mcintosh house. Here it re- 
 mained for some years. The church edifice (St. 
 George's) was begun in 1816, and was consecrated by 
 Bishop Hobart, Nov. 10, 1819. The increase of the 
 congregation rendering more room necessary, a gal- 
 lery was put up in 1826, and at the same time an 
 organ was purchased. In 1834 the building was en- 
 larged, and the steeple was added, in which a fine- 
 toned bell was hung. The church was again enlarged 
 and beautified in 1853, at an expense of 19000. 
 At that time the tasteful and commodious Sunday- 
 school room and vestry was built on the south side of 
 the church. The church edifice is the Doric style of 
 architecture. It has a front on Grand Street of 45 
 feet, and is 90 feet in depth. Its pews furnish accom- 
 modations for 650 persons. 
 
 The accommodations furnished by the enlargement 
 of the church, however, failed to meet the require- 
 ments of the congregation, and in March, 1859, the 
 
 * Dr. Brown waa first located iu New Windsor village. {See General 
 History — " Churches.") 
 
 rector and vestry of St. George's purchased the 
 edifice originally erected by the congregation of the 
 Union Associate Reformed Church. This building 
 was thoroujrhly refitted and improved in its archi- 
 tecture, and in the following May it was consecrated 
 for Episcopal worship under the name of St. John's 
 chapel. The enterprise failed of success, and the 
 building was (1864) sold for other purposes. In 
 the mean time the necessity which its purchase was 
 designed to supply had found accommodation in 
 
 St. Paul's Episcopal Churcli, the organization of 
 which sprang from a desire, on the part of several 
 members of St. George's parish, to extend the influ- 
 ence of the Episcopal faith over a field wider than 
 that which it was thought could be successfully em- 
 braced under a single church jurisdiction. The prop- 
 osition to divide the old ])arish and erect an additional 
 one was made in 1858, but no steps were then taken 
 to accomplish that object. On May 12, 1860, the 
 proposition was renewed, and a formal application 
 was made to the rector of St. George's, in accordance 
 with the laws of the Episcopal Church, for his official 
 consent to the organization of a new congregation 
 within the limits of his parish. 
 
 The application received the consent of the Rev. 
 Dr. Brown, and the congregation of St. Paul's Church 
 was soon after informally organized. On June 5th 
 the members of the proposed new congregation ex- 
 tended a unanimous call to the Rev. Hobart Chet- 
 wood, at that time assistant minister of St. George's 
 Church, to be their pastor. This call was accepted 
 by Mr. Chetwood, — the acceptance to take effect at 
 the termination of his engagement to the old parish, 
 Nov. 1, 1860. By the subsequent action of the vestry 
 of St. George's, Mr. Chetwood's connection with that 
 parish ceased on June 23d, and on June 25th he con- 
 sented to enter at once upon his duties as minister of 
 St. Paul's. The organization of the church was com- 
 pleted September 11th by the election of David M. 
 Clarkson and William E. Warren, wardens, and F. C. 
 Withers, Hiram Falls, H. H. Bell, William Bogert, 
 R. V. K. Montfort, John Gordon, E. W. Gray, and G. 
 J. Appleton, vestrymen. Mr. Chetwood exchanged 
 with Rev. H. P. C. Melville during the winter of 
 1866. Rev. Dr. Lundy served as assistant minister 
 from Sept. 1, 1867, to his death in April, 1868. Rev. 
 Dr. Irving was his successor for six months. In June, 
 1872, Mr. Chetwood resigned the rectorship, and in 
 September following Rev. Rufus Emery became his 
 successor. 
 
 The first service of the church was held in the High- 
 land Academy (now the Home for the Friendless), on 
 Sunday, .luly 1st. Within a fortnight after that date 
 a lot was ])urchased on Grand Street, at a cost of 
 $4100, and a contract entered into with Mr. John 
 Little for the erection of a chapel. The building was 
 opened for divine worship on the first Sunday in Oc- 
 tober (Oct. 7, 1860). Its cost, including furniture, 
 was about $2300. On June 1, 1864, the erection of a 
 
(fk-K^ Cyj^-irun^ 
 
il 
 
NEWBUKGH. 
 
 303 
 
 church edifice was formally inaugurated, with the ex- 
 press intention of prosecuting the undertaking to in- 
 closure, leaving the nave, tower, etc., to the future. 
 The corner-stone was laid on Thursday afternoon, 
 Aug. 24, 1865, by Eev. John Brown, D.D., under ap- 
 pointment of the bishop of the diocese. The build- 
 ing, although in occupation and supplied with an 
 organ, etc., awaits completion in the resiiects already 
 mentioned. The expenditure so far made is about 
 $35,000. 
 
 St. George's Mission. — St. George's Mission was be- 
 gun June 4, i871, in an upper room, called McCon- 
 key's Hall, on Western Avenue. In October following 
 two floors of a tenement were engaged and fitted up 
 for service as well as Sunday-school, which were con- 
 tinued from Oct. 29, 1871, until Feb. 16, 1872, when 
 the chapel, which had been erected in the mean time, 
 was occupied. The cost of the chapel, including lot, 
 furniture, etc., was $4353.16. Revs. Boss, Smith, and 
 G. W. Hinkle have been the ministers in charge. 
 
 Rev. John Brown, D.D. — Probably no man in 
 Orange County is more widely known and revered for 
 his many excellencies of character, and the devoted 
 Christian work that he has done through a long series 
 of years, than is the subject of this memoir. Born 
 in New York City May 19, 1791, his collegiate training 
 was obtained at Columbia College in that city, whence 
 he was graduated in 1811, being the valedictorian of 
 his class, and its last living representative to-day. Se- 
 lecting the sacred ministry as his calling in life, he 
 engaged in ecclesiastical studies under Bishop Ho- 
 bart, and was ordained deacon of the Protestant Epis- 
 copal Church at St. Paul's, New York, in 1812. At 
 the request of the bishop he went to Trinity Church, 
 Fishkill, which had then been without a rector for 
 seventeen years, and reorganized the congregation. 
 During the same period he was induced to hold 
 a third service in Newburgh for many Sundays 
 in succession, during which time "the Holy Com- 
 munion was administered for the first time in the 
 parish since the Revolutionary war to the small num- 
 ber of three." In 1815 he was ordained priest by 
 Bishop Hobart, at St. Paul's Church, New York, and 
 during the same year removed to Newburgh, having 
 received and accepted a call to St. George's Church 
 of that city, an ecclesiastical body reaching back in 
 its origin to the year 1729, at which time the first 
 missionary was sent to that field by the English " So- 
 ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
 Parts." Dr. Brown preached his inaugural sermon 
 on Dec. 24, 1815. He also reorganized St. Thomas' 
 Church, New Windsor, and was chosen rector of that 
 parish also, dividing his time between the two parishes 
 until 1844, when he resigned the New Windsor 
 charge. 
 
 When Dr. Brown entered upon the discharge of 
 his duties as rector of St. George's Church a vast 
 amount of work required to be done. The prosperity 
 of the church had been sadly affected by the Revolu- 
 
 tionary war, and its organization well-nigh effaced. 
 A reorganization of the parish had been effected on 
 Nov. 4, 1805, but only a slight degree of spiritual 
 prosperity had been enjoyed up to the time of Dr. 
 Brown's installation as rector. During the earlier 
 years of his rectorship he performed a large amount 
 of missionary work in this section of country, and 
 exerted himself faithfully to the building up of his 
 own parish and the extension of the Episcopal form 
 of worship in other sections of the county. In this 
 field he organized St. John's Church at Monticello, 
 Grace Church at Middletown, and later the churches 
 at Cornwall and Marlborough. He also revived the 
 church at Goshen, St. Andrew's at Walden, St. Peter's 
 at Peekskill, and St. Philip's at Garrison's, holding 
 services at intervals in those places until the churches 
 were able to support a minister. For many years he 
 was the only minister of his church on the west side 
 of the Hudson between New York and Catskill. 
 Under his rectorship the church edifice of St. George's 
 parish was consecrated by Bishop Hobart, Nov. 10, 
 1819, and the subsequent repairs and alterations were 
 made. His active individual work continued until 
 January, 1859, when an assistant minister was en- 
 gaged. Dr. Brown retaining the rectorship. That 
 state of affairs continues at the present writing (1881), 
 at which time Rev. Octavius Applegate is the a.ssistant 
 minister, with duties involving the active rectorship. 
 
 The services of Dr. Brown in his own parish are 
 more fully referred to in its history on preceding pages 
 of this work. His life has been a singularly devoted 
 one, full of self-sacrifice and of zeal in the cause of 
 the Master. His influence has ever been exerted in 
 the encouragement and support of the various benev- 
 olent, educational, and philanthropic movements of 
 the day, and to the maintenance and consecration of 
 the institutions of his locality. Throughout the long 
 passage of years, years fraught with many trying 
 scenes, many sad vicissitudes, he has ever remained 
 the same faithful, sincere friend, the same earnest ex- 
 emplar of Christian devotion and simplicity. His 
 spoken as well as printed discourses have ever breathed 
 the spirit of a pure religion, and the good that has 
 been accomplished by them is immeasurable. Now 
 in his ninetieth year, the oldest minister of his de- 
 nomination in the State, he can look back with satis- 
 faction upon the record of a life well spent, conscious 
 that he enjoys the respect and love not only of his own 
 people but of the community at large, and calmly 
 awaits the welcome call to the higher life beyond. 
 
 Aside from his services as a Christian minister, Dr. 
 Brown has also been actively identified with other 
 movements of a -secular character in Newburgh. As 
 a member of the board of trustees of the Newburgh 
 Academy, and subsequently of the free schools, he 
 performed valuable service, and as a member of 
 the Horticultural Society, chaplain of the Masonic 
 fraternity, chaplain of the Nineteenth Regiment of 
 Militia, and in connection with other local organiza- 
 
304 
 
 HISTOKY OF OKANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 tions and enterprises, his labors have been arduous 
 and efficient. 
 
 Dr. Brown married on Nov. 15, 1819, Frances 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Ludlow, the ceremony 
 being performed by Bishop Hobart at St. George's 
 Church. Mrs. Brown lived to celebrate the fiftieth 
 anniversary of her wedding, and died April 18, 1872. 
 Six children were the issue of the union, namely, 
 Mary, who married Daniel T. Rogers ; Margaret T. L., 
 who married George W. Kerr, president of the Na- 
 tional Bank of Newburgh ; Augusta P., who married 
 Moses Ely ; Helen ; Anna W., who married Eugene 
 A. Brewster, a leading lawyer of Newburgh ; John 
 Hobart ; and Charles L. 
 
 The Churvh of the Corner-Stone. — Aug. 8, 1875, 
 Bishop Cummings, of the Reformed Protestant Epis- 
 copal Church, held service in the American Reformed 
 church, and on the evening of the 25th "The Church 
 of the Corner-stone" was organized under the general 
 statute of the State of New York, and the following 
 officers elected : Wardens, Daniel T. Rogers and 
 Walter C. Anthony ; Vestrymen, James G. Graham, 
 J. Wilson Stratton, William J. Roe, Jr., George 
 Middleton, Robert L. Case, James G. Birch, Edward 
 Haigh. Benjamin F. Clark, secretary and treasurer; 
 James G. Birch, superintendent of Sabbath-school. 
 Regular services were subsequently held in the lecture- 
 room of the Associate Reformed church. Rev. Dr. 
 Leacock was called to the rectorship in October, and 
 entered at once upon the discharge of his duties. In 
 November ground was broken for the erection of the 
 church edifice on South Street ; and on the 24th of 
 that month the contract for building was given to 
 Thomas Dobin at $4969. The structure is of Gothic 
 style, and has a frontage of 33 feet. Seating accom- 
 modations are provided for about 250 persons. It 
 was first occupied on Easter-Sunday (April 16), 1876. 
 First Presbyterian Church. — The adherents of the 
 Presbyterian faith who first came to Newburgh were 
 connected with the Bethlehem Church in Cornwall, 
 w-hich was founded about 1726. From this parent 
 stem sprang the church of New Windsor, which was 
 organized Sept. 14, 1764, when the sermon was 
 preached by the Rev. Mr. Moflat, and Joseph Wood, 
 William Lawrence, Samuel Brewster, and Henry 
 Smith were chosen elders. The Rev. Timothy Johnes, 
 afterwards and for many )-ears pastor of the church 
 of Morristown, N. J., was appointed stated supply of 
 the church by the Presbytery of New York, and 
 served in that capacity from May 5, 1766, until Oc- 
 tober, 1767, when he was succeeded by the Rev. 
 Francis Peppard, who remained until 1773. During 
 the pastorate of Mr. Peppard the district was divided 
 into four parts, viz. : Bethlehem or New Cornwall, 
 Murderer's Creek, New Windsor, and Newburgh, in 
 each of which trustees were appointed for the purpose 
 of raising funds and taking charge of the temporal 
 affairs of the church in their respective neighborhoods, 
 thereby creating, as it were, four informal societies. 
 
 The withdrawal of Mr. Peppard left the station vacant, 
 and measures were taken to secure the services of the 
 Rev. John Close. While these arrangements were 
 pending, however, the Marlborough Society invited 
 the trustees of the Newburgh district to unite with 
 them in temporarily settling the Rev. John McCallah 
 over both districts. This invitation was accepted, and 
 Mr. McCallah entered upon his duties Sept. 26, 1773. 
 But his labors in Newburgh could have been only for 
 a few weeks, as in November of the same year, the 
 arrangements for that purpose having been perfected, 
 Mr. Close was invited to take the vacant charge, and 
 soon after entered upon the duties of pastor. The 
 war of the Revolution, however, prevented his formal 
 installation, and, a large portion of his time being 
 occupied as chaplain in the militia, the public services 
 of the church were very irregular. In consequence 
 of these facts, the informal society in Newburgh 
 appears to have maintained a separate organization 
 during the war. Elder William Lawrence performing 
 the pastoral duties. 
 
 Immediately after the war, this informal society, 
 strengthened by the addition of several persons who 
 became permanent residents on the disbandment of 
 the army, obtained the building which had been 
 erected by the army as a store-house for clothing, 
 where it appears to have held public worship in the 
 winter of 1783 or spring of 1784. The records of the 
 church state that divine service was held here in 
 1784, and that the congregation was formally organ- 
 ized in the same year. The minutes of the meeting 
 held for the purpose of organization are as follows : 
 
 "In ptirsnance of an jict entitled * An act to enable all Religious I>e- 
 nominatione in the State to appoint Tnistees, who shall be a body cor- 
 porate for the purpose of taking care of the Temporalities of their re- 
 spective congregations and for other purposes,' i)as8ed the 6th day of 
 April, 1784, the congregation or Keligions Society desirous of forming 
 themselves into a regular well-constituted congregation or society, agree- 
 able to the Canon of tlie Church of Scotland, at Newburgh, did, on the 
 12tli day of July laBt past — being stated attendantson Divine worship by 
 Elder William Lawrence — advertise a meeting of the said congregation, 
 agreeable to the said Act, to meet at the house of Adolph DeGrove, for 
 the purpose of electing, according to the true intent and meaning thereof. 
 Trustees for the good purposes intended and mentioned in the said act ; 
 and being convened at the time and place aforesaid, did, in the first place, 
 by plurality of voices, nominate and appoint Mr. Asa Steward to act with 
 the said William Lawrence as Returning Officers, who proceeded to open 
 the poll, and after taking that part of the said congregation or society con- 
 vened on the occasion and present agreeable to said Act— .\dolph De- 
 Grove, Daniel Hudson, Thomas Palmer, Joseph Coleman, and Isaac 
 Belknap, were al>pointed and legally elected Trustees for the said con- 
 gregation or society, agreeable to the said Act. 2d. W'e then proceeded 
 to elect a Clerk to insert the certificate of the Returning officers. 
 
 " Be it rememhernl, that we, William Lawrence and Asa Steward, having 
 been legally elected and appointed the Returning officers at the election 
 held at the house of Adolph DeGrove, at Newburgh, the 12th day of 
 August, 1784, for the purpose of electing Trustees for taking care of the 
 Temporalities of the congregation or Religious Society at Newburgh, 
 aforesaid, agreeable to an Act entitled 'An Act,' etc., do hereby certify, 
 that .\dolph DeGrove, Daniel Hudson, Thomas Palmer, Joseph Coleman, 
 and Isaac Belknap, were legally and unanimously elected as Trustees foi- 
 [he purpose aforesaid, and that the said persons so electeil, and their suc- 
 cessors forever hereafter, shall be known by the name, style, and title of 
 tITe Trustees of the Presbyterian Congregation at Newburgh. In witness 
 whereof, we have hereunto set our bands and seals the 12th day of 
 August, in the year of our Lord, 1784." 
 
JMEWBUEGH. 
 
 305 
 
 As the congregation was quite too feeljle in means 
 ind membership for the support of a pastor, it was . 
 •esolved at a meeting lield Feb. 8, 1785, to unite for 
 his purpose with the cliurch of New Windsor. The 
 ecords declare that "the congregation assembled at 
 he meeting-house, William Lawrence, ruling elder, 
 )eing moderator. It was agreed 
 
 "1. To join in union with the congregation of New Windsor. 
 
 " 2. Tliat the Trustees for tlie congregation of Newburgli be empow- 
 red to form a union witli tlio Trustees of New Windsor congregation, 
 or iironioting tlie preaching of the Gospel, not exceeding seven years, 
 lor under five." 
 
 A joint meeting of the trustees named was soon 
 tfter held (Feb. 11, 1785) at the house of Adolph 
 DeGrove, at which Abel Belknap presided. Daniel 
 Hudson, Joseph Coleman, Isaac Belknap, and Adolph 
 DeGrove represented Newburgh, and Abel Belknap, 
 Samuel Logan, Leonard Nicoll, Silas White, Benja- 
 nin Birdsall, Isaac Schultz, and Samuel Brewster 
 epresented New Windsor. After conversation it was 
 ' unanimously agreed between the trustees of the said 
 •ongregations for joining the union for seven years." 
 
 In April, 1785, application was made to the Pres- 
 )ytery for the appointment of Mr. Close to be the 
 tated supply of both churches. The request was 
 ;ranted, and he continued to labor here until 1796. 
 During the first year of his service Mr. Close preached 
 n Newburgh one-third of his time, for which he was 
 )aid £23. He was succeeded by the Rev. Isaac Lewis, 
 vho served the congregation as stated supply until the 
 pring of 1800, when he became the pastor of the 
 j'resbyterian Church of Cooperstown. On May 6, 
 800, the Rev. Jonathan Freeman was installed pas- 
 or of the united church, and the first pastor of that 
 if Newburgh. He resigned the charge in 1804. His 
 uccessor was the Rev. Eleazer Burnet, who was or- 
 lained and installed pastor Nov. 20, 1805, and who 
 leld the station until his death, in 1806. The Rev. 
 Dr. John Johnston, then a licentiate, first preached in 
 'fewburgh about the time of Mr. Burnet's decease, 
 ind occasionally supplied the united churches during 
 he winter of 1806-7. He was ordained and installed 
 .s pastor on Aug. 5, 1807. 
 
 In the spring of 1810 the connection between the 
 wo churches was dissolved ; and the services of Mr. 
 fohnston were henceforth confined to Newburgh. 
 lere he continued to labor with unwearied diligence 
 ,nd great success until February, 1855, when he was 
 >rostrated by severe illness, which subsequently termi- 
 lated his life. 
 
 The congregation was supplied during Dr. John- 
 ton's illness and until the summer of 1856 by Mr. 
 i. H. McMullcn, a licentiate of the Presbytery of 
 Philadelphia. On September 20th of that year the 
 lev. W. T. Sprole, D;D., was chosen pastor, and on 
 )ctober 28th following was installed. He resigned 
 n July, 1872, and was succeeded by Rev. W. K. Hall,^ 
 fho was installed in October of that year. 
 
 The building in which jniblic worship was first held 
 
 was one erected by the commissary-general as a 
 clothing store-house while the army of the Revolu- 
 tion was encamped here. It stood on the site subse- 
 quently occupied by the old first church, and was 
 destroyed by fire about the year 1790. Dr. Johnston 
 says it was burnt on a Sabbath day, after service had 
 been held in it. From an inventory of their corporate 
 property in a return made to the Legislature, the 
 building appears to have belonged to the congrega- 
 tion in 1787, and, from the statement in the records 
 that the " congregation assembled at the meeting- 
 house" (1785), it is probable that it was transferred 
 to them soon after the war. 
 
 There seems to have been some diflereuce of opin- 
 ion in regard to the location of the church after the 
 old building was burnt ; but in February, 1791, the 
 trustees voted that " the lot of land where the house 
 formerly stood, with the addition that Mr. Smith 
 proposes to make, be accepted in preference to any 
 other location" as the site for a new church. On 
 December 20th of the same year the trustees agreed 
 to erect a church 50 by 55 feet, with the addition of a 
 steeple. The ground was staked out May 25, 1792, 
 and on the 31st of the same mouth the deed for the 
 lot was executed by Mr. Benjamin Smith. During 
 the interval between the destruction of the old build- 
 ing and the occupation of the new church, the min- 
 utes state that the meetings of the congregation were 
 " held at St. George's church," — i.e. the old Lutheran 
 church. The new building must have been occupied 
 in 1793, as it is of record that during that year pews 
 were erected and sold. But the interior of the build- 
 ing remained in a half-finished condition until after 
 the settlement of Dr. Johnston, who says that it was 
 without gallery, plastering, or pulpit, " a mere shell." 
 " I often i)reached standing on a carpenter's bench, 
 with a few boards standing in front on which to rest 
 the precious Bible." Very soon after Dr. Johnston 
 was settled the interior was properly fitted up, and 
 made more tenantable. In 1828 an unsuccessful effort 
 was made to erect a new church of stone, 66 by 70 
 feet, at a cost not exceeding $9000. Finally, as more 
 accommodation was imperatively demanded, it was 
 determined to repair the old building, which was done 
 in 1828. Formerly the pulpit was at the north end, 
 and the pews were old-tashioned square ones. Though 
 the audience-room was unchanged in size, the intro- 
 duction of slips enabled it to hold a larger number 
 than it did before. Under this alteration the build- 
 ing remained until its removal, in July, 1871. 
 
 On July 25, 1857, the trustees, at a regular meeting, 
 adopted the following preamble and resolutions : 
 
 " Wlierea^i, The circumstances of the church and congregation render 
 it imperative tliat a new editice be erected for their accommodation, and 
 liaving the assent and concurrence of the pew-liolders and members, as 
 appears from tlie subscriptions for said object, therefore 
 
 *' Resoh-ed, TIi.it we proceed to accomplisli tiie same, according to the 
 plan and specifications drawn by Mr. F. C. Withers, whicli has been sulj- 
 mitted for the consideration and adoption of tlie subscribers, and that 
 the following persons be a building committee to supervise Ihe ean.e an 
 
306 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 carry it forward, viz. : S. R. Van Duzer, E. R. .lohiiee, J. .1. Moiiell, 
 Henry Ball, Isaac SUinton, and George Claili. 
 
 ^* Resolved, Tiiat tlie churcli ediiice be erected upun tlie lot on tlie 
 northwest corner of Grand and Sontii Streets." 
 
 The site fixed upon was purchased, and a contract 
 was made with Mr. George Veitcli, Ijuilder, for the 
 construction of the new edifice for $:i7,oOO. The work 
 was begun Aug. 8, 1857. The building was dedicated 
 Nov. 4, 1858, and on Thanksgiving morning (Nov. 10) 
 the iron cross was fixed on the spire. 
 
 The building is in the early geometrical style of 
 Gothic art, and is composed of a nave with clere-story, 
 north and south aisle, a tower and .stone spire at the 
 east end of the north aisle, and a porch on the south. 
 A lecture-room and a minister's room are provided at 
 the west end of the building. The walls are of blue- 
 stone laid in random courses, and graystone dressings 
 to the copings, windows, doorways, buttresses, water- 
 tables, etc. The pews are of yellow pine, and afford 
 comfortable accommodations for 830 persons. The 
 principal dimensions of the building, internally, are 
 as follows, viz.: nave, 97 feet long, 60 feet high, and 
 25 feet wide. The aisles are 84 feet long and 17 feet 
 wide. The lecture-room is 42 feet long and 2(3 feet 
 wide. The tower is 20 feet and 8 inches square at the 
 base, and its height is 63 feet, making, with the spire 
 and cross, a total of 135 feet from the ground. The 
 extreme length of the building, including lecture- 
 room, is 159 feet; and its width, including porch, S5 
 feet. The total cost of the building, with interior 
 fittings complete, including land, iron fence, bell, etc., 
 was about $43,750. An organ, built by Geo. Jardine 
 & Son, of New York, and costing $3000, was obtained 
 in September, 1860. It only remains to add that the 
 congregation sold their old place of worship to the 
 Union Church, in March, 1859. 
 
 Rev. John Johnston, D.D., was born in the town- 
 ship of Montgomery, Ulster Co., N. Y. (now Crawford 
 township. Orange County), on the 28th of January, 
 1778. His great-great-grandfather went from Eng- 
 land to Ireland in connection with the army under King 
 William, and fought in the battle of the Boyne, July 1, 
 1690. When the army was disbanded he remained 
 in Ireland, and settled in the cq.unty of Cavan. There 
 the father of Rev. Dr. Johnston, William Johnston, 
 the youngest of thirteen children, was born Dec. 1, 
 1743. In 1774 he emigrated to this country and set- 
 tled in the province of New York, intending to re- 
 turn to his native land at the end of seven years. 
 But meeting Jane Moncriff, who came to America in 
 company with her brother Charles in 1775, he made 
 her his wife in 1777, and was compelled by the 
 troublous condition of the times, and the force of 
 family ties and connections, to abandon his original 
 idea of returning to Ireland. He had a good educa- 
 tion, and was employed nearly seven years in teaching 
 school in one neighborhood. He was an industrious 
 and worthy man, and passed most of his life farming 
 in Montgomery. 
 
 Mr. Johnston passed the earlier years of his life 
 at work upon the paternal farm, and often engaged 
 in plowing from morning till night when so small 
 that he was compelled to seek assistance in extrica- 
 ting the plow from the furrow. Before he was nine 
 years of age himself and a younger sister traveled 
 four miles a day, winter and summer, to attend the 
 nearest district school of their locality. In the fall 
 of 1794 he entered a neighboring .store for the win- 
 ter, and in the spring, being offered by his father a 
 choice between a business life and an education, he 
 chose the latter, and after working hard on the farm 
 for the summer, on Dec. 14, 1795, he entered upon a 
 course of study under the direction of Rev. Jonathan 
 Freeman, pastor of the congregation at Hopewell. 
 In the spring of 1797 he entered an academy at 
 Montgomery in charge of Reuben Neely, where he 
 remained two years. At the expiration of that time 
 he attended the academy at Kingston, Ulster Co., 
 taught by Timothy Smith, continuing there until the 
 sudden and unexpected death of his father. This 
 sad visitation of Providence, occurring at such an un- 
 fortunate period of Dr. Johnston's career, produced a 
 train of thought solemn and trying, and he was often 
 led to inquire, " What shall I do — what is best to be 
 done?" It was finally decided, however, that in spite 
 of the necessary sacrifices that had to be made his 
 educational training should continue, and that he 
 should enter Princeton College. 
 
 In the latter part of October, 1799, he left his 
 mother's house, about twenty miles west of New- 
 burgh, and did not reach Princeton until the next 
 Saturday week, progressing as fast as the public con- 
 veyances would carry him. He entered the junior 
 class of the college. Among his classmates were 
 Nicholas Biddle, of Philadelphia, Dr. John E. Cook, 
 of Virginia, Rev. Dr. John McDowell, of Philadel- 
 phia, Henry E. Watkins, Edward D. Watts, and John 
 G. Gamble, of Virginia. Dr. Johnston was gradu- 
 ated in the class of 1801, and having decided to enter 
 the ministry, he returned to Princeton to study di- 
 vinity under Dr. Smith. But owing to the destruc- 
 tion of the college building by fire on March 6, 1802, 
 the theological students were scattered, and a few 
 months later Dr. Johnston arranged to continue his 
 studies under Dr. McMillan, in western Pennsylvania. 
 In the summer of 1803 he was taken under the care 
 of the Presbytery of Ohio as a candidate for the gos- 
 pel ministry, but his means being exhausted, he was 
 forced to intermit his theological studies for a time, 
 and to engage in teaching. Securing a position as 
 tutor in a gentleman's family in Maryland, he re- 
 mained there until May, 1805, when he returned to 
 Princeton and resumed his studies, being also ap- 
 pointed tutor of the sophomore class in the college. 
 He continued in this position until September, 1806, 
 when he resigned and was licensed to preach the gos- 
 pel by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, in the city 
 of Trenton, on October 8th of the same year. Re- 
 
1 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 307 
 
 turning to his home he received appointments from 
 ;he Presbytery of Hudson to preach in Newburgh, 
 Sew Windsor, Florida, and Pleasant Valley, all of 
 which congregations were then vacant. Soon after 
 le received and accepted a call as pastor from the 
 jnited congregations of New Windsor and New- 
 jurgli, and on Jan. 27, 1807, was united in marriage 
 ;o Mary, daughter of Daniel Bull, of Orange County. 
 
 Mr. Johnston had preached several times in New- 
 jurgh and New Windsor at the close of 1806 and the 
 )cginning of 1807. He began his regular service on 
 Ipril 1st, although he was not ordained and installed 
 intil Aug. 5, 1807, the services of ordination taking 
 )lace at New Windsor. He took up his residence in 
 ■^ewburgh in May, 1807, and resided at that place 
 uitil his death, and from December, 1813, in the 
 ame house. In the month of April, 1810, he was 
 eleased from the charge at New Windsor, the congre- 
 ;ation of Newburgh having presented through the 
 ^resbytery a call for the whole of his services. He 
 lontinued to discharge the duties of pastor over the 
 >fewburgh Church for the remainder of his life. 
 
 It would be beyond the scope of this work to de- 
 cribe in detail the pastoral experiences and labors 
 if Dr. Johnston during his long service as a Christian 
 ninisterin Newburgh. At the outset of his ministry 
 he state of morals in the city was lamentably bad. 
 riie Society of Druids, an association organized to 
 each and propagate infidel views, was flourishing, and 
 nfidel publications were scattered there broadcast; 
 ntemperance and drinking to excess even at funeral.s 
 i^as not uncommon ; the Sabbath was not regarded, 
 nd games and sports of all kinds were indulged in 
 n that day. Dr. Johnston met this state of affairs 
 n a resigned, Christian spirit, labored modestly and 
 lithfully in his proper sphere to overcome the tenden- 
 ies of the times, and from that time throughout the 
 ong years of a devoted ministry his influence for 
 :ood in the community was immeasurable. Frequent 
 evivals occurred under his pastorship, and many 
 rere added to the church. Besides his home labors 
 le performed much missionary work under the direc- 
 ion of his Presbytery, and he was many times a dele- 
 ;ate to the synods and assemblies of his denomi- 
 lation. He was possessed of a genial and happy 
 pirit, and made many friends in the community in 
 I'hich he passed his life. In 1840 he was elected a 
 rustee of the College of New Jersey at Princeton, a 
 osition in which he felt great pride and which he 
 Jled until his demise. One of the last public acts 
 f his life was to attend the session of the board of 
 rustees at Princeton. In 1848 the degree of Doctor 
 f Divinity was conferred upon him by Lafayette 
 /Ollege, Easton, Pa. He preached his last discourse 
 n Jan. 14, 1855. During the closing months of 
 lis life he was unable to appear in the pulpit, but 
 is salary was regularly continued to him by his con- 
 regation as some recognition of his long and faithful 
 ervices. He died on Aug. 23, 1855, and over his re- 
 
 mains was erected a handsome monument, having, 
 among other words, this inscription: "The Citizens 
 of Newburgh, cherishing an affectionate veneration 
 for one who for nearly half a century adorned his 
 sacred office by his purity and fidelity, and in every 
 relation of life commanded the respect of all who 
 knew him, have united in erecting this monument to 
 his memory." 
 
 It is fitting to add in this connection a few remarks 
 regarding her who lor nearly half a century was the 
 partner of Dr. Johnston's joys and sorrows, the help- 
 meet of his home. Her wise and affectionate counsels 
 aided him in doubtful and difficult cases. She man- 
 aged with discretion his domestic concerns, sought 
 out the poor and afflicted and supplied their wants, 
 and visited, nursed, and watched with the sick and 
 the dying. She was a faithful co-worker with him 
 in the discharge of his ministerial duties, and contrib- 
 uted largely to his success and usefulness among his 
 people during forty-eight years. She died March 2, 
 1857. The children were ten in number, of whom 
 six are now living. Mrs. Lewis D. Lockwood and 
 Mrs. George Lawson, of Newburgh, are daughters. 
 
 Sernnd I'resbi/teriaii Churcli. — The proposal to organ- 
 ize a Second Presbyterian Church was first discussed 
 in 1837, but nothing was done until April, 1838, when 
 Dr. Johnston preached an earnest and forcible sermon 
 on the subject. At his suggestion a meeting was held 
 to consider the propriety of sending a colony from the 
 old church. The meeting was held in the First church. 
 May 15, 1837, William Walsh being chairman, and 
 J.H.Wells, secretary. After discussion, it was unani- 
 mously " Resolncd, That measures be immediately 
 , taken to forward the enterprise." 
 
 Accordingly, Messrs. J. H. Corwin, Abel Belknap, 
 and O. M. Smith were appointed a committee to ascer- 
 tain the number of persons willing to unite for this 
 purpose. On May 22d, at an adjourned meeting, the 
 following-named persons were reported as ready to 
 associate and walk together as a church, viz. : O. M. 
 Smith, Helen M. Smith, Saml. Tuthill, Sarah Tuthill, 
 Jefferson Roe, Mary Roe, Eliza C. Boice, William H. 
 Wells, Robert Sterling, Isabella Sterling, Asa Ster- 
 ling, John H. Corwin, Cynthia Corwin, James P. 
 Buchanan, Sarah Buchanan, Daniel D. T. Blake, D. 
 McDowell, Abigail Waters, J. R. Hardenburgh. Wm. 
 M. Johnson, Jane E. Johnson, Eli Corwin, Jr., Abel 
 Belknap, Sarah M. Belknap, Henry Tice, Jr., Char- 
 lotte Tice, Edgar Perkins, Ann Forsyth, Abigail Wells, 
 William Waller, Henry Vail, Seth Belknap, George 
 M. Gregory, Hiram K. Chapman, Jane Chapman, 
 Peter H. Foster, Mary S. Foster, William Townsend, 
 Lydia C. Parkham, George T. Hoagland, Betsey 
 Harris, Mary E. Waterfleld, James H. Reynor, Job 
 Clark. 
 
 It was immediately and unanimously resolved to 
 apply to the Presbytery, which was to meet on June 
 9th, for an organization as the Second Presbyterian 
 Church of Newburgh. Mr. William Sterling was 
 
308 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 deputed to present the application and to aslc for sup- 
 plies for six months from the Presbytery. The request 
 was granted, and the church was organized June 15th, 
 by a committee of the North River Presbytery, con- 
 sisting of the Rev. Messrs. Johnston, Prime, and 
 Ostrum. The following persons were chosen ruling 
 elders, viz. : J. H. Corwin, Hiram K. Chapman, Abel 
 Belknap, James P. Buchanan. Mr. Ostrum gave the 
 charge to the church, and Mr. S. I. Prime to the 
 elders. 
 
 The first public service was held in the court-room 
 in the academy, when Rev. S. I. Prime preached from 
 Amos vii. 5 : "By whom shall Jacob arise, for he is 
 small." The pulpit was for some time supplied by 
 the Presbytery. On August 20th, Messrs. Peter H. 
 Foster, Jefferson Roe, Edgar Perkins, Samuel Tuthill, 
 O. M. Smith, and Henry Tice, Jr., were chosen trus- 
 tees. 
 
 During the greater part of 1838 and 1839 the Rev. 
 Abram C. Baldwin supplied the pulpit. In the former 
 year the prospects of the infant church were very 
 seriously atlected by the disruption of the Presbytery. 
 Most of those concerned in starting it, who had 
 strong Old-School affinities, returned again to the old 
 church, which adhered to the Old-School Assembly. 
 The Second Church recognized that which styled 
 itself the constitutional. Though weakened by this 
 cause, the church made vigorous efforts to grow. The 
 Rev. William Hill was the first pastor, and filled the 
 office until the winter of 1843, when he was deposed 
 by his Presbytery for what was deemed heretical doc- 
 trine on the subject of Christian perfection. After a 
 vacancy of some months, the Rev. John H. Lewis 
 became the pastor, and discharged the duties of the 
 office very acceptably until called to Bethlehem in 
 1845. He was succeeded for a short time by the Rev. 
 J. C. Beach, and next by the Rev. John Gray, who 
 remained as supply until the spring of 1851, when a 
 division arose in the congregation on the question 
 of his settlement as pastor. Before this matter was 
 adjusted a vote of the church was taken, and by a 
 majority of one it was resolved no longer to receive 
 supplies. This vote closed the doors of the meeting- 
 house and virtually disbanded the society, which had 
 never become strong. 
 
 In 1840-41 the society erected the meeting-house at 
 the corner of High Street and Western Avenue, at a 
 cost of $6600, in which divine worship was observed 
 until the church ceased to exist. The building was 
 designed to accommodate about 600 persons. It was 
 sold, in 1852, to the Second Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
 Calvary Presbyterian Church. — The circumstances 
 which led to the organization of this congregation, 
 as well as its subsequent history, are briefly stated in 
 a historical sketch, which was published by the trus- 
 tees in connection with their annual report, August, 
 1857. In this paper it is said that the Rev. S. H. 
 McMullin, who had served as supply during the ill- 
 
 ness of the pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, 
 performed the duties of his engagement until about 
 three months after Dr. Johnston's death. After hear- 
 ing several other candidates for the vacant pastorate, 
 " a day was fixed," says the sketch to which reference 
 is made, " on which, according to notice given, the 
 congregation were to select a pastor. When, how- 
 ever, all had assembled, a question arose as to whether 
 females should be permitted to vote, which was decided 
 in the affirmative. The vote was taken and resulted, 
 100 for Mr. McMullin and 74 for another pei-son. 
 Messrs. William K. Mailler and Robert Sterling were 
 then appointed commissioners to prosecute the call 
 before the Presbytery, and the meeting adjourned. 
 
 " At the meeting of the Presbytery, when the call 
 was considered, a remonstrance was presented by the 
 minority of the congregation against the settlement 
 of Mr. McMullin. In consequence of this remon- 
 strance the Presbytery intimated to the commission- 
 ers that they would not, in all probability, permit the 
 call to be prosecuted, and it was withdrawn without 
 any formal action being taken. 
 
 " Immediately after the return of the commissioners 
 a meeting of the congregation was held to hear their 
 report, when it was resolved, by a majority of votes 
 present, ' that the commissioners be directed to prose- 
 cute the call.' The Presbytery, however, continued 
 to regard the call as inexpedient ; and a meeting, 
 called for the purpose of its consideration, failed to 
 accomplish the result desired. 
 
 " The situation of affairs becoming known, the fol- 
 lowing paper, asking for certificates of membership 
 and dismission, was presented to the Session of the 
 church on the 27th day of August : 
 
 " * To the Session of the First Presbi/teriau Church of the Village of Neu-biirgh : 
 " ' The uDdersigneii, members in fuM communion of the First Presby- 
 terian Churcli of the Village of Newburgh, do hereby respectfully re- 
 quest you to grant them certiticates of membersliip and disniissiou, for 
 
 the purpose of being organized into a cliureh, to be known as the 
 
 Presbyterian Church of the Village of Newburgh: 
 "'John McClelland. E. L. Spalding. 
 
 Abigail W. McClelland. Catharine Sly. 
 
 James C. McClelland. M. W. N. Johnston. 
 
 Sally R. Logan. Robert Wallace. 
 
 Abby L. Scott. Mary Ann W'allace. 
 
 J. Ferguson. Mary G. Starr. 
 
 Sarah McElrath. Eliza P. Spier. 
 
 Anna Pettie. Sarah Waugh. 
 
 Anna M. Clugston. L. Bradford. 
 
 Margaret Sti'achan. Eunice McKune. 
 
 Amanda L. DuBois. Rebecca Brown. 
 
 Mary Albertsoii. Eliza Rogers. 
 
 Alexander Uargiave. Jenieha Gerard. 
 
 Mai-y Ann Hargrave. Sarali Ludlow. 
 
 Amelia Birdsall. Delia Smith. 
 
 William G. Gillespie. Hugh S. Banks. 
 
 William McClughan. Rosalie H. Banks. 
 
 Mary D. McClughan. Hugh McKissock. 
 
 Hannah Andruss. Agnes McKissock. 
 
 Mary Burnett. Laura A. Gorham. 
 
 Catharine Hamilton. Rachel CIngston. 
 
 Anna E. Roe, Sarah Hildretb. 
 
 Elizabeth Blake.' 
 
 "On the first day of September, 1856, the Church 
 Extension Committee of the Presbytery of North 
 
NEWBUKGH. 
 
 309 
 
 iver met in the session-room of the First Presby- 
 rian Church. Present, B. T. Phillips, Wm. H. 
 irk, F. T. Williams, ministers; and Peter V. B. 
 owler and Benj. Tyler,. elders. The petition of the 
 arsons above named was presented, asking to be or- 
 iuized into a Presbyterian Church, to be known as 
 rhe Calvary Presbyterian Church of Newburgh ;' 
 id after the examination of their certificates it was, 
 1 motion, ' Resolvol, That the request be granted.' 
 he applicants then formally agreed and covenanted 
 ) walk together in a church relation, according to 
 le acknowledged doctrine and order of the Presby- 
 ;rian Church. Messrs. Wm. G. Gillespie and John 
 [cClelland were then unanimously elected ruling 
 ders by the congregation. Mr. Gillespie was duly 
 rdained, and Mr. McClelland and Mr. Gillespie (the 
 )ruier having previously served as an elder in the 
 irst Presbyterian Church) were formally installed 
 5 elders of the Calvary Presbyterian Church of New- 
 urgh. 
 
 " On the loth day of September, Rev. S. H. Mc- 
 [uUin was unanimously elected pastor of the church, 
 'he call was presented to him at a meeting of the 
 'resbytery, held at Buttermilk P'alls on Tuesday, Oct. 
 th, and accepted by him ; and on the 16th day of 
 le same month he was ordained to the work of 
 ;ie gospel ministry and installed pastor of the church 
 1 the court-house at Newburgh. The services on the 
 ccasion were conducted by Rev. Dr. Jones, of Phila- 
 elphia, who preached the sermon ; Rev. E. K. 
 Irower, who ofl'ered the ordaining prayer and pro- 
 osed the constitutional questions ; Rev. B. T. Phil- 
 ps, who gave the charge to the people ; and Rev. F. 
 I,, blasters, who gave the charge to the pastor. 
 
 " On the 20th October an election for trustees was 
 eld in the court-house, — Elders John McClelland 
 nd Wm. G. Gillespie presiding, — which resulted in 
 lie choice of Messrs. Moses Upright, Wm. K. Mailler, 
 Salter H. Gorham, Wessel S. Gerard, Peter Ward, 
 nd Charles Johnston. 
 
 " The first meeting of the session of the church 
 ras held on Friday evening, Oct. 17th, at the resi- 
 ence of Mrs. C. Sly, in High Street. At the meeting 
 f the session on the 31st October the following 
 lersons were admitted on profession of faith : Mrs. 
 C. C. Gillespie, Mrs. M. A. Casement, Miss M. Case- 
 iient; and the following by certificate : Asa Sterling, 
 'ha-be E. Sterling, Margaret Sterling, Mary Sterling, 
 *rancy Sterling, Robert Sterling, Maria Sterling, Wm. 
 C. Mailler, Hannah P. Mailler, Mary E. Halstead, 
 ^ipporah Clark, Ann Barr, John L. Westervelt, 
 Mharine Westervelt, Susan A. Jessup, Margaret 
 shields, Jane Shields, John Little, Ann Little, Isa- 
 )ella M. McMullin, Benj. Tyler, Julianna Tyler, Mary 
 ioyd. Marietta Watkins, Jane Ellen Roe, Maria 
 Uinor, Deborah Blake, William and Sarah Gervin. 
 
 " The first communion of the church was celebrated 
 )n the first Sabbath in November, 1856, at which time 
 he membership had reached 81. 
 
 "Soon after the organization of the church it was 
 determined to erect a suitable edifice, the public 
 services in the mean time being held in the court- 
 house. A subscription was opened and a sufficient 
 sum subscribed during the winter of 1856 to justify 
 the trustees in purchasing a site on Liberty Street 
 and procuring a plan for the building. From differ- 
 ent plans which were submitted, one drawn by Messrs. 
 Gerard & Boyd was selected ; and, estimates having 
 been invited, the contract for erecting the building 
 was awarded to Mr. John Little. A building com- 
 mittee of three trustees, viz. : Messrs. Mailler, Gor- 
 ham, and Ward, was appointed ; and Mr. Withers, 
 architect, was engaged to superintend the work. The 
 gi'ound was broken in the month of April, 1857; and 
 the corner-stone laid, with appropriate exercises, on 
 the 9th of July following, at 2 P.M. The services 
 commenced by singing the hymn entitled ' Beyond 
 the starry skies.' Rev. Dr. McLaren followed with a 
 very appropriate address to the Throne of Grace, and 
 a portion of the Scriptures was read by the Rev. Dr. 
 McCarrell. Chas. Johnston, on behalf of the trustees, 
 then read a statement showing the organization and 
 progress of the church, which was followed by the 
 hymn ' Let every heart rejoice and sing.' The Rev. 
 Mr. Crowell, of Philadelphia, then delivered an ad- 
 dress, which was followed by the laying of the corner- 
 stone by the Rev. Dr, Forsyth, who, on account of the 
 ill health of Mr. McMullin, had been selected by the 
 trustees for that duty. Dr. Forsyth introduced the 
 ceremony by a short address, and was followed by 
 Rev. Alex. R. Thompson. The exercises closed with 
 an anthem by the choir, and the benediction by Dr. 
 Forsyth. The building was dedicated on the 2-lth of 
 February, 1858. The services were opened by an an- 
 them by the choir, and invocation by the pastor. The 
 Rev. Dr. Sprole then read a selection from the Scrip- 
 tures, which was followed by singing the 504th hymn. 
 Prayer was then offered by Rev. Dr. McCarrell, and 
 the 502d hymn sung. Rev. Dr. Murray, of Elizabeth, 
 N. J., then delivered a discourse from 1 Kings vi. 4, 
 and vii. 63. At the conclusion the congregation 
 arose, and with impressive words the speaker dedi- 
 cated the house to the worship of God. The services 
 were concluded with prayer by the pastor and the 
 singing of a hymn. 
 
 " The style of the church edifice is that sometimes 
 known among architects as Flemish, having, however, 
 many of the peculiarities of the Gothic. It has a 
 front of 56 feet on Liberty Street, running back to 
 the depth of 96 feet, with a lecture-room in the rear. 
 The audience-room is 72 by 52 feet, the lecture-room 
 62 by 22 feet. The aspect of the interior is that of 
 severe simplicity. A trestle-work supports the roof, 
 obviating the necessitj' of pillars, thus affording an 
 unobstructed view from every part of the house. All 
 the wood-work is grained, the pews being of chestnut 
 oiled and grained so as to retain the natural color and 
 grain of the wood ; and the finish throughout has a 
 
310 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 pleasing effect. The cost of the building, lot, fencing, 
 fiirniture, etc., was about $21,o00." 
 
 Mr. McMullin continued in pastoral relation with 
 the church until Jan. 24, 1860, when, in consequence 
 of ill health, he tendered his resignation, to take 
 effect May following. On December 19th of the same 
 year Rev. Judson H. Hopkins was installed, and 
 subsequently served until July, 1864, when, at his 
 request, the relation was dissolved. He was without 
 a successor until March, 1866, when the Rev. George 
 S. Bishop, of Trenton, N. J., was installed, and con- 
 tinued in the relation until October, 1872, when, at 
 his own request, and by consent of the church, he 
 was relieved of the charge by the Presbytery. His 
 successor, Rev. Jeremiah Searle, of Peekskill, was 
 elected in February, and installed May 6, 1873. 
 
 To its real estate the society added, in 1867, a par- 
 sonage at a cost of $ilO0(l ; and to its appointments, 
 during the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Bishop, an organ 
 and a bell. 
 
 Union rrenhi/lrrian Church. — This church was 
 founded July 13, 1837, by a colony of twenty-seven 
 persons who lielonged to the First Associate Reformed 
 Church. Their names are as follows : E. W. Farring- 
 ton, Mrs. Farrington, Thornton M. Niven, Mrs. Niven, 
 John Wise, Mrs. Wise, John Beveridge, Mrs. Bever- 
 idge, Arnold McNear, Mrs. McNear, James John- 
 son, Mrs. Johnson, Matthew Sims, Mrs. Sims, James 
 Blacklaw, Mrs. Blacklaw, James Danskin, Mrs. Dans- 
 kin, Stewart Kelly, Mrs. Kelly, John James Monell, 
 Miss E. Cypher, Mrs. E. Purdy, Miss C. Anderson, 
 Mrs. Catharine Stewart, Mrs. N. Barclay. 
 
 The meeting for organization was held in the First 
 Associate Reformed church (July 13th), and was con- 
 ducted by Rev. Dr. McJimpsey and Rev. James 
 Mairs, constituting a committee of the Pre.sbytery. 
 The sermon was by Dr. McJimpsey, from John xvi. 
 7. The following persons were elected as ruling 
 elders, viz. : John Beveridge, E. Ward Farrington, 
 Thornton M. Niven, John Wise. On December oth 
 following the Rev. John Forsyth, Jr., was installed 
 pastor, the services being held in the academy where 
 the congregation met for worship until the comple- 
 tion of the church edifice. The Rev. Dr. McJimpsey 
 preached the sermon ; the Rev. Drs. Wallace and 
 McLaren gave the charges to the people and the 
 pastor. 
 
 A church edifice was erected on a lot at the corner 
 of Water and Clinton Streets, which had been given 
 to the congregation for this purpose. Ground was 
 broken July 27, 1837, and the building was dedicated 
 May 1, 1838, when a suitable sermon was delivered 
 by the Rev. Dr. M. N. McLaren, then of Hampton- 
 burgh. Here the congregation continued to worship 
 until March, 1859, when the property was sold to the 
 rector and vestry of St. George's Church. The last 
 time it was used by Union Church the sermon was 
 preached by the first pastor, Dr. Forsyth. 
 
 Dr. Forsyth was elected to a professorship in the 
 
 College of New Jersey at the end of the year 1846, 
 but he did not retire from the pastorate until near 
 the autumn of 1847. He was succeeded by Mr. Abra- 
 ham R. Van Nest, a recent graduate of the theologi- 
 cal seminary at New Brunswick, who was ordained 
 and installed pa.stor on June 20, 1848. Mr. Van Nest 
 remained here about a year. He was called by the 
 Reformed Dutch Church, Twenty-first Street, New 
 York, and having accepted the invitation he removed 
 thither in the spring of 1849. Almost immediately 
 upon his departure, the Rev. Dr. Robert McCartee, 
 formerly of Canal Street Church, but at this time of 
 Goshen, was called, and having accepted the invi- 
 tation was installed Aug. 17, 1849. Dr. McCartee 
 labored here with great acceptance and success until 
 1855, when he removed to New York to take the pas- 
 torate of the Twenty-fifth Street Associate Reformed 
 Church. Union Church was supplied by various 
 persons during the first six months or more after Dr. 
 McCartee's removal, particularly by the Rev. Mr. Cun- 
 ningham. Finally the Rev. Mr. Jack, who had grad- 
 uated in the seminary in the spring of 1856, was 
 called, ordained, and installed June 2, 1856, by the 
 Presbytery of New York. On this occasion the ser- 
 mon was preached by the Rev. John Brash, of New 
 Y'ork, who also proposed the usual questions to the 
 candidate, and offered the ordaining prayer. The 
 charge to the pastor was given by the Rev. G. M. 
 McEachron, of Mongaup Valley, and that to the 
 Ijeople by Rev. Dr. Forsyth. Mr. Jack was succeeded 
 in 1869 by Rev. Wendell Prime, and the latter by 
 Rev. C. C. Hall, who was ordained and installed Dec. 
 2, 1875. 
 
 In October, 1859, in consequence of the union of 
 the A.ssociate Reformed and the Associate Churches, 
 out of which the United Presbyterian Church grew, 
 the congregation of Union Church was induced to 
 unite with the Old School branch of the Presbyterian 
 Church, and is now a component part of that body. 
 
 The old First Presbyterian edifice was purchased in 
 March, 1859, by the Union Church, and was occupied 
 by the society until .Tuly, 1871, when it was removed 
 to give place to the present edifice. The work of re- 
 moval was begun July 5, 1871, and on the 13th the 
 last timbers of the old house were prostrated. The 
 corner-stone of the new edifice was laid on Friday, 
 Sept. 15th, following. The exercises were conducted 
 by the Masonic fraternity, G. Fred Wiltsie officiating 
 as Grand Master of the " Grand Lodge of Ceremony." 
 The dedication was on Tuesday, Sept. 24, 1872, on 
 which occasi(ra the service was opened with prayer 
 by Rev. Dr. Forsyth. Rev. Dr. Ormiston read the 
 48th Psalm, and the Rev. Wendell Prime the dedica- 
 tory prayer. The discourse was by the Rev. Dr. Hall, 
 from 2 Peter iii. 2 ; the closing prayer by Rev. J. B. 
 Wakeley. 
 
 The edifice is of Gothic architecture, from plans by 
 Elkanah K. Shaw, of Newburgh. It is in the form 
 of a T, and embraces an auditorium with gallery and 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 311 
 
 UNION PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 abbath-school and lecture-rooms. The auditorium, 
 •onting on First Street, is 61 feet wide by 68 feet 
 eep, 30 feet ceiling, and has, with the gallery, a 
 eating capacity of 1000. The Sabbath-school room, 
 routing on Montgomery Street, is 33 by SI feet, 22 
 let ceiling, with seating for 600 pupils. The lecture- 
 9om is 27 by 57 feet, 15 feet ceiling, seating 300, — 
 Dtal seating capacity 1900. The windows throughout 
 re of stained glass, the painting is in fresco, the 
 lews of chetitnut walnut oiled, and the entire finish 
 heerful. The walls of the building are of hard 
 mooth brick with brownstone trimmings. The First 
 Itreet front has two towers 18 by 18, the east 100, and 
 he west 75 feet in heigllt ; the former contains the 
 lell and city clock. The contracts for construction 
 vere executed by Thos. Shaw & Sons, carpenters, for 
 118,000, and Thomas Dobbin, mason, for $23,000 ; in 
 
 addition to which sums about $19,000 was expended 
 for furniture, carpets, furnaces, gas and water fixtures, 
 etc., making the total cost $60,000. The organ (Reu- 
 ben Midmer, builder) was the gift of John Gait and 
 John G. Wilkinson. Its cost, including painting, 
 was about $5000. 
 
 Mrst Presbyterian Church, Middlehope. — The project 
 of building a Presbyterian church at Middlehope was 
 proposed in January, 1859, and was readily embraced 
 by several of the active members of the Presbyterian 
 Church at Marlborough. The enterprise having re- 
 ceived sufficient encouragement to warrant further pro- 
 ceeding, a meeting was held (March 12th), at which 
 Nathaniel T. Hawkins, Peter V. B. Fowler, James 
 Rodman, and James O. Conklin were appointed " to 
 contract for and build a church, and to take such 
 measures to raise funds and to carrr out and finish 
 
312 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 the work as they may think proper." This committee 
 .soon after awarded the contract for building to James 
 D. Purdy, and that for painting to Ward & Leonard. 
 The building was completed in St'ptember, 1859, 
 and dedicated October 6th, at an adjourned meeting 
 of the Presbytery of North River. The dedicatory 
 sermon was delivered by Rev. W. T. Sprole, D.D., 
 reading of the Scriptures by Rev. B. T. Phillips, 
 and the dedicatory prayer by Rev. S. H. Jagger. 
 The building is 30 by 40 feet, with a lobby 8 by 20 
 feet. Its cost, including furniture, was about S2500. 
 
 First Associate Rfformi'il Chiirc/i. — Until near the 
 close of the last century the adherents of the Asso- 
 ciate Reformed Church resident in Newburgh were 
 connected with the church of Little Britain, which 
 was founded in 1763. Measures were taken to gather 
 a congregation in 1797, and a church was formed con- 
 sisting of the following i)ersons, viz. : Hugh Walsh 
 and his wife Catharine Walsh, Daniel Niven and his 
 wife Jane Niven, Robert Boyd and his wife Eleanor 
 Boyd, Janet Boyd, Robert Gourlay and his wife Mar- 
 garet Gourlay, Derick Amerman, Robert W. Jones, 
 Elizabeth Belknap, wife of Isaac Belknap, Samuel 
 Belknap, Hugh Spier, Alexander Telford, and George 
 Telford. The exercises in connection with the formal 
 organization of the church were probably conducted 
 by the Rev. Thomas G. Smith, at that time pastor of 
 Little Britain. 
 
 The legal incorporation of the congregation did not 
 take place until Feb. 7, 1803, when Messrs. Derick 
 Amerman, Hugh Walsh, Daniel Niven, Robert Gour- 
 lay, Robert Boyd, John Brown, Isaac Belknap, Jr., 
 John Colter, and Robert W. Jones were elected trus- 
 tees. The ruling elders at this period were Daniel 
 Niven, Samuel Belknap, Hugh Spier, John Sl.aw, and 
 Derick Amerman. 
 
 The first pastor of the church was the Rev. Roliert 
 Kerr, who is reported to have been a preacher of more 
 than usual ability. He was a native of Ireland, and 
 had been settled in the ministry in that country. He 
 came to the United States in 1797, and was received 
 by the Associate Reformed Presbytery of New York, 
 Oct. 10, 1797, aud probably began his labors in New- 
 burgh at that time, as steps were taken at that meet- 
 ing of Presbytery to give him a regular call. He was 
 installed pastor April 6, 1799. He resigned his charge 
 Jan. 14, 1802. He subsequently removed to the 
 South, and labored " with great diligence, approba- 
 tion, and success" within the bounds of the Associate 
 Reformed Synod of Carolina until his death, which 
 occurred in Savannah, June 11, 180."), when on his 
 way to the General Synod. 
 
 Mr. Kerr was succeeded by the Rev. James Scrim- 
 geour, who was installed as piustor on Aug. 11, 1803. 
 He was a native of Scotland, and had been settled in 
 the ministry for seven or eight years at North Ber- 
 wick. The loss of health obliged him to resign his 
 charge and the work of his profession for some years. 
 Up to this time he had been one of the most popular 
 
 preachers in Scotland. Having recovered his health 
 in a good degree, he was induced by the Rev. Dr. 
 John M. Mason to emigrate to America in 1802. He 
 remained in the pastoral care of the church of New- 
 burgh until 1812, when he accepted a call to Little 
 Britain, and was installed there on June 24th of that 
 year. In this charge he remained until his death in 
 1825. 
 
 A vacancy occurred after Mr. Scrimgeour's removal 
 of about four years, during which time various unsuc- 
 cessful ettbrts were made to obtain a pastor. Calls 
 were addressed to Rev. Robert McCartee and to Rev. 
 John Knox, then licentiates and graduates of the 
 theological seminary; but finally an invitation was 
 given to tlie Rev. Arthur I. Stansbury, which he ac- 
 cepted, and was installed Dec. 4, 1816. Mr. Stans- 
 bury's pastorate was very brief. He resigned his 
 charge in April, 1818, having accepted a call to the 
 First Presbyterian Church of Albany. The Rev. 
 James Chrystie, minister of the Reformed Dutch 
 Church of Union Village, Washington Co., having 
 been invited to succeed Mr. Stansbury, accepted the 
 call, and was installed Sept. 20, 1818. He remained 
 as pastor, winning the warm attachment of the con- 
 gregation, until October, 1821, when he joined the 
 Reformed Presbyterian Church and removed to Al- 
 bany. His successor, the late Rev. Dr. McCarrell, 
 commenced his labors here as a su|iply Dec. 4. 1822. 
 He was ordained and installed pastor March 14, 1823. 
 The sermon was by the Rev. Dr. John McJimpsey, 
 the ordination prayer was offered by the Rev. James 
 Scrimgeour, the charges to pastor and people were 
 delivered by the Rev. James Mairs, of Galway, N. Y. 
 Dr. McCarrell faithfully discharged the duties of his 
 office until his death. His successor, the Rev. Thomas 
 T. Farrington, began his labors July 1, 1869, and 
 continued until his death, June, 1875. He was suc- 
 ceeded by the Rev. John MacNaughton, Dec. 24, 1875. 
 
 The first edifice occupied by the church was erected 
 on a lot given by James Renwick, of New York, and 
 which now forms part of the farm of the late Capt. 
 Henry Robinson. The church stood a little to the 
 north and west of the gambrel-roofed house, with its 
 side to the river, which forms so conspicuous an ob- 
 ject on the hill west of the shipyards. It was sur- 
 rounded by magnificent old apple and pear-trees, and 
 in form was very similar to tlie First Presbyterian 
 church at that time, having a square tower on the 
 south end. Mr. Renwick deeded the lot, which was 
 200 feet square, to William Renwick, Dr. John Kemp, 
 Rev. John M. Mason, Alexander Robertson, Alexan- 
 der Hosack, John Turner, Jr., George Lindsay, 
 Robert Gosman, of the city of New York, and Hugh 
 Walsh, George Gardner, Robert Gourlay, Daniel Ni- 
 ven, Robert Boyd, Robert Ferguson, Thomas Tait, 
 Robert W. Jones, and Alexander Murray, of New- 
 burgh, as " trustees appointed by the said James 
 Renwick for the Presbyterian Church of Newburgh, 
 in connection with the Associate (Reformed) Synod 
 
(^^o-a (AiyC (_Aa-^ Sco^-'-^^ 
 

NEWBURGH. 
 
 313 
 
 n the United States of America, for the sole use and 
 ntent that the trustees and members of said church 
 ihould erect a churcli for Christian worship, and also 
 I school-house for the instruction of youth." The 
 ■hurch was completed in 179S, but no effort was ever 
 nade to erect a school-house, the locality being wholly 
 insulted for such an edifice. As the growth of the 
 ■illage was more towards the north than the south, 
 he church came to be quite out of town and very in- 
 ;onveniently located for the great mass of its mem- 
 jers. Accordingly, in 1821, measures were taken 
 -owards the erection of a new church within the vil- 
 age ; the old building was taken down in the year 
 ust named, and while the new one was being built 
 ;he congregation met for worship in the old court- 
 ■oom in the academy. The present edifice was dedi- 
 cated with appropriate services on Jan. 4, 1822, on 
 vhicli occasion the Rev. James Scrimgeour jireached 
 rom Hosea viii. 17. The lot on which the church 
 vas erected was the gift of Hugh Walsh, one of the 
 bunders of the society, who also gave the largest por- 
 iion of the lot on which the parsonage stands, and 
 vhich was erected upon it in 1820. Internally the 
 church is unaltered with the exception that it was re- 
 lated in 1879, and the location of the pulpit changed 
 'rom the east to the west end of the auditorium ; but 
 jxternally some change has been made since its erec- 
 ion. The cupola was completed in 1834, and a bell 
 procured. The lecture-room, on the north side of the 
 diurch, was built about 1840. 
 
 Rev. Joseph McCarrell, D.D., was a native 
 )f Shippensburg, Pa., and was born on the 9th 
 )f July, 1795. His parents were warmly attached 
 nembers of the Associate Reformed Church of that 
 5lace, and that region was one whose history was 
 connected with the earliest annals of the denomiua- 
 iion in the communion of which Dr. McCarrell lived 
 md died, and for which he had an unchangeable af- 
 'ection. His mind was early turned towards the min- 
 stry of the gospel, and he entered upon studies prepar- 
 itory thereto, availing himself of such helps as were 
 vithin his reach, though in the main he had to depend 
 ipon his own etibrts, and was, in fact, to a great extent 
 I self-made man. 
 
 While thus engaged the war of 1812 came on. In 
 ;he summer of 1814 Washington was burnt by the 
 British, and Baltimore was threatened with the same 
 'ate at the hands of Admiral Cockburn, the man who 
 sromised his followers "the booty and beauty" of that 
 ;ity. The whole country was aroused ; the adjacent 
 counties of Pennsylvania sent as quickly as possible 
 ;heir militia to the point of danger, while from Ship- 
 jensburg every person capable of bearing arras hurried 
 ;o the defense of Baltimore. 
 
 Joseph McCarrell was one of these volunteers. He 
 hus not only had a taste of military life, but from the 
 lill, about two miles from the city, on which his regi- 
 ment was placed he witnessed the magnificent spec- 
 tacle of the bombardment of Fort McHenry. And 
 21 
 
 he was one of those who through the long night 
 watched the garrison flag, and when the morning 
 dawned saw with inexpressible joy the glorious 
 banner still waving defiance to the foe. 
 
 Soon after his return home he entered Washington 
 College, Washington, Pa., and graduated with high 
 honors in the class of 1815. One of his classmates is 
 an eminent pastor in this county, the Rev. Dr. Snod- 
 grass, of Goshen. 
 
 For several years after leaving college he was en- 
 gaged in teaching in Bellefontaine, in Greensburg, 
 and in Carlisle, while he was at the same time pursu- 
 ing the studies that would fit him for the sacred pro- 
 lession to which he was looking forward. 
 
 In 1818 he entered the theological seminary of the 
 Associate Reformed Church, then in New York, 
 under the care of that distinguished man, Dr. John 
 M. Mason. He brought to the seminary an amount 
 of attainment in certain branches of learning which 
 very few possess when leaving it, for he had made 
 himself a thorough Hebrew scholar, and had read the 
 whole of the Old Testament in that language. Hav- 
 ing finished the prescribed course of study, he was 
 licensed by the Presbytery of Big Spring, Pa., on the 
 21st of June, 1821. 
 
 For several months he supplied the Associate Re- 
 formed Church in Murray Street, New York (made 
 vacant by the resignation of Dr. Mason), with so much 
 acceptance that not a few of its members wished to 
 call him as their pastor. At the same time he received 
 calls from the churches of Hagerstown, Md., and 
 Shippensburg, Pa., but he was destined to spend his 
 life in another sphere. 
 
 Dr. McCarrell went to Newburgh in the autumn of 
 1822. He was soon afterwards invited to assume the 
 pastoral care of the Associate Reformed Church 
 there, and on the 13th of March, 1823, he was ordained 
 and installed pastor. The edifice, corner of Grand 
 and First Streets, in which he commenced to preach 
 was erected in 1821, and had been dedicated but a few 
 months before Dr. McCarrell arrived in Newburgh: 
 He was consequently at his death the only one who 
 had served the congregation as pastor since it began 
 to worship in that building. His pastorate was nearly 
 twice as long as the united pastorates of his four pre- 
 decessors. The society, though one of the oldest in 
 Newburgh, was by no means large when he became 
 its pastor, but from that time it steadily increased in 
 numbers, and has become the mother of two other 
 congregations. 
 
 In 1829 the seminary, which had been suspended 
 for some years, was revived, established at Newburgh, 
 and Dr. McCarrell was chosen professor of theology. 
 Towards the close of that year he entered upon his 
 work of instruction, and from that period until near 
 the end of life he continued to discharge his two- 
 fold duties as pastor and professor. During the last 
 two years it was evident to those who saw him that 
 his strength was on the wane. He was able, however, 
 
314 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 to preach until within a few weeks of his decease, and 
 was mercifully spared the endurance of acute physical 
 pain. His mental strength was unabated, and at last 
 he peacefully fell asleep in the Lord. 
 
 Dr. McCarrell had lived and labored in Newburgh 
 for so many years that in one sense it might be said 
 everybody knew him. While his manner in the 
 pulpit was quiet rather than demonstrative, his trains 
 of thought were clear and striking, his logic unan- 
 swerable in argumentative directions, and his style 
 forcible and compact. Some of the best legal minds 
 of the country sat for years under his ministry. His 
 students in the theological hall thoroughly loved 
 him. Whilst he was always dignified and learned, 
 and thorough in his instructions, yet his manner was 
 so kindly they were always made to feel at their ease, 
 and if any went from the class-room in ignorance the 
 fault was theirs, and not his. It has been matter of 
 great regret to his friends that so few results of his 
 pen found their way into print. Vigorous, pleasant, 
 and clear-cut as a thinker, he wielded "the pen of a 
 ready writer." Admirable discourses in answer to 
 Dr. Channing, the eloquent Unitarian champion, as 
 also a series of sermons on a phase of the temperance 
 question, and some others on the form of baptism, 
 with an occasional special sermon, were all that have 
 ever been published. Commentaries of great ability 
 were prepared by him on the Epistle to the Hebrews 
 and the Book of Revelation, but for some reason they 
 were never published. 
 
 In private life he exhibited a rare combination of 
 Christian graces, so that by all who knew him he was 
 loved with an affection singularly warm and enduring; 
 and all who saw him as he went out and in his own 
 home and those of the community for so many years, 
 knew that they were looking upon " a living epistle of 
 Christ." His death occurred on the 28th of March, 
 1864, in the .sixty-ninth year of his age, having occu- 
 pied the pastorate of the same church for forty-one 
 years. 
 
 Dr. MtCarrell married in his native village. His 
 wife survived hira eleven years. Of eight children, 
 four are living, besides one grandson. 
 
 First Rfformed Pirsbyterian Church. — The origin of 
 this congregation may be traced to the self-denying 
 exertions of a few individuals in the communion of 
 the Reformed Presbyterian Church, who settled in 
 the village of Newburgh and vicinity during the early 
 part of the century, among whom were James Clark, 
 O. Galley, and Robert Johnston. A society for prayer 
 and other devotional services was formed and regu- 
 larly attended as early as 1816 or 1817, which i)rovcd 
 the means of gathering together and combining the 
 efforts of a sutficient number to warrant an applica- 
 tion for occasional preaching. From 1817 until 1824 
 the society was .supplied with preaching by the Rev. 
 J. R. Wilson, D.D., at that time pastor at Colden- 
 ham. Increasing in numbers, and desirous of obtain- 
 ing a fuller supply of ordinances, the members of the 
 
 Newburgh branch of the Coldenham congregation, 
 as it came to be called, were, by deed of Presbytery, 
 separated from the Coldenham congregation, and in 
 1824 organized as a distinct church, of which Samuel 
 Wright and John Lawson were elders, and William 
 M. Wiley and .Tohn Crawford deacons. Soon after 
 the organization, Matthew Duke was added to the 
 elders, and William ThomjisoD to the deacons. 
 
 The first pastor of the church was the Rev. Jas. R. 
 Johnston, who was ordained and installed in 1825. 
 His connection with it was dissolved in 1829. June 
 8, 1830, the Rev. Moses Rooney became his successor, 
 and served with great acceptance until 1848, when he 
 was compelled to resign on account of failing health. 
 Nov. 14, 1849, the present pastor, the Rev. Samuel 
 Carlisle, was installed. 
 
 The society held its first public services in the 
 academy. Arrangements were made for the erection 
 of a church edifice in 1818, which was completed the 
 following year and is still occupied by the congrega- 
 tion. In 1852 it was rebuilt, during which time the 
 public services of the congregation were held in the 
 court-house. In 1876, it was remodeled and a brick 
 front added, on Grand Street, of fair architectural 
 appearance. 
 
 Second Reformed I'resbi/terian Church. — The Second 
 Reformed Presbyterian Church of Newburgh was or- 
 ganized by a commission of the New York Presby- 
 tery, Dec. 12, 1854. The original membership was 
 composed of William Thompson, James Frazier, and 
 William Johnston, elders ; John Lawson and James 
 Hilton, deacons, and 26 private members. 
 
 In accordance with a call made by the congrega- 
 tion, the Rev. J. Renwick Thompson, the present pas- 
 tor, was installed Dec. 19, 1855. 
 
 The public services of the church were first held 
 in the court-house. Arrangements for the erection 
 of a church edifice, however, were made soon after 
 the organization, and the building was completed in 
 Noveml)er, 1855, and dedicated on the 25th of that 
 month. The morning services were conducted by the 
 Rev. Dr. Christy, of New York, who delivered an 
 able lecture on the 12th chapter of Isaiah. In the 
 afternoon the discourse was by the jiastor of the 
 church, from (len. xxviii. 17; and the evening ser- 
 vices were conducted by Dr. Christy. The church 
 building, originally without much architectural char- 
 acter, was improved by the addition of a tower, etc., 
 in 1872, at a cost of $3400. It is of brick, and has 
 accommodations for 600 persons. 
 
 Firxt United PreKhtiteria II Church.— On May 25, 1858, 
 a union, with reference to which negotiations had long 
 been jiending, was consummated at Pittsburgh, Pa., 
 between the two branches of the Presbyterian family 
 known as the " Associate" and the " Associate Re- 
 formed" Churches, under the title of the " United 
 Presbyterian Church of North America." The two 
 Associate Reformed congregations of Newburgh de- 
 clined to enter this union. The friends of the united 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 315 
 
 hurch in these lOiigregations believing that the 
 nion was right, and an important step towards the 
 nity of the church, petitioned (Nov. 9, 1859) the 
 few York Presbytery of the United Presbyterian 
 lluirch for the constitution of a congregation to be 
 nown as the " First United Presbyterian Church of 
 Jewburgh." Tliis ])etition having been granted, Rev. 
 Llexander McWilliams was appointed by the Pres- 
 lytery to organize the church, which then embraced 
 (5 members. George Gearns, George Lendrum, John 
 J-eddes, Sr., and Dr. Matthew Stevenson were elected 
 tiling elders, and Andrew Johnston, B. W. Cham- 
 lers, Thomas M. McCann, .las. S. Strachan, Robert 
 lyndman, (ieorge Lendrum, George Gearns, John 
 Jeddes, Sr., and John Brown were chosen as trustees, 
 ,nd the society organized Dec. 6, 1859. On Decem- 
 ler 31st the trustees purchased the edifice then occu- 
 lied by the Baptist Church, situated on Montgomery 
 Street (corner of Fourth), where the congregation 
 las since held public worship. It was enlarged and 
 niproved during the summer of 1871 at a cost of 
 ,bout $1800. The first passtor of the church was Rev. 
 lobert Armstrong, formerly of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 le was installed March 12, 1861, and continued in 
 he office until Oct. 21, 1868, when he was released 
 rom the charge. The present pastor, Rev. J. G. D. 
 <"indley, was ordained and installed Oct. 14, 1869. 
 )n April 21, 1862, Messrs. George Guy, Thomas M. 
 ilcCann, and Andrew Johnston were ordained and 
 nstalled as ruling elders in the congregation. 
 
 Amerk-itn. Reformed Churcli. — The history of this 
 ihurch dates from October, 1834, when the Rev. Wm. 
 >uickshank, on the application of .some of the mem- 
 >ers of the Reformed Dutch Church in the city of New 
 fork, was induced to visit Newburgh and undertake 
 he establishment of a church. His efforts were suc- 
 lessful, and on Feb. 24th following the church was 
 brmally organized by the Classis of Orange, at which 
 ime Isaac Belknap, Thomas G. Stansborough, Isaac 
 ^. Knevels, and John W. Knevels were ordained 
 ilders ; and Cornelius Bogardus, Thos. Jessup, Daniel 
 ^orwin, and Albert Wells, deacons. Eighteen per- 
 ons were then received into its communion by cer- 
 ificatc. 
 
 April 13, 1835, the Consistory invited the Rev. 
 iVilliam Cruickshank to become their pastor, and 
 he call having been approved by the Classis of 
 Grange, he was installed as the first pastor of the 
 diurch on October 22d of the same year. In Decem- 
 )er, 1837, Mr. Cruickshank resigned, and on June 
 .3, 1838, a call was addressed to the Rev. Isaac JI. 
 ?isher, which was accepted, and he was in.stalled in 
 Fuly. He remained pastor only until October 5th of 
 he same year, when he resigned on account of fail- 
 ng health. May 17, 1839, the Rev. F. H. Vander- 
 ^eer was called, and continued the pastor of the 
 ;hurch until Aug. 19, 1842, when he resigned. Sept. 
 .3, 1842, a call was made upon the Rev. \. B. Van 
 !andt, and he was installed by a deputation of the 
 
 Classis of Orange on December 14th following. He 
 resigned in June, 1849, and was succeeded by the Rev. 
 Malcolm N. McLaren, who was installed Nov. 12, 
 1850. He resigned the charge Feb. 5, 1859, and on 
 June 14th a call was made upon the Rev. G. H. Man- 
 deville, of Flushing, L. I., who entered upon the 
 duties of pastor August 21st of the same year. He 
 resigned Nov. 1, 1869. Rev. W. H. Gleason, the 
 present pastor, was called on April 9th, and installed 
 in May, 1870. He was succeeded by Rev. J. Halsted 
 Caroll, the present pastor, in October, 1876. 
 
 The church was organized in the First Associate 
 Reformed Church edifice, and its subsequent meet- 
 ings, until the completion of the building now occu- 
 pied by it, were held in the academy. Mr. Cruick- 
 shank, the first pastor, devoted all his energies to the 
 interests of the infant church, and its early success 
 was due, in a great measure, to his indefatigable ex- 
 ertions. He obtained from his congregation, and 
 from New York, a handsome subscription for the 
 erection of a church edifice, the site for which was 
 selected on the corner of Grand and Third Streets. 
 The building was commenced about Oct. 1, 1835 ; the 
 corner-stone was laid October 22d. Mr. Warren, of 
 New York, was the architect, and Gerard & Halsey, 
 masons, and A. Whitmarsh, carpenter, were the con- 
 tractors. Service was first held in the basement on 
 Sunday, Nov. 13, 1837, and on December 7th, following, 
 the edifice was dedicated. The financial difficulties 
 of 1837 seriously affected the temporal interests of 
 the church, and the Consistory were compelled to 
 submit to a sale of the church property (April, 1839), 
 which was purchased by Mr. Daniel Farrington, on 
 behalf of the creditors, for the sum of $10,053. An 
 arrangement, however, was soon after effected by 
 which Matthew V. B. Fowler became the purchaser 
 of the property in trust for the church. The debt 
 was greatly reduced, and in 1849 the Consistory was 
 enabled to resume the title. 
 
 The church edifice is of Grecian architecture. It 
 is built of stone stuccoed, and was originally 50 by 
 80 feet with a portico of 20 feet, making a total depth 
 of 100 feet; the roof was surmounted by a massive 
 dome, which formed a prominent feature in the land- 
 scape. The style of architecture was continued in 
 the interior, and gave to the auditorium a cold, mas- 
 .sive grandeur. The first cost, including lot, etc., was 
 about $20,000. The dome proved troublesome and 
 was removed ; the acoustics of the auditorium were 
 bad, and led to a recessed pulpit. During the year 
 1851 the parsonage was built on the east side of the 
 lot on Third Street at a cost of $3277. It has since 
 been enlarged and improved at a cost of about $5000. 
 The church edifice was enlarged in the fall and winter 
 of 1867-68 by the addition of a transept in the rear 
 15 l>y 22 feet on each side and 20 feet high, giving 
 an audience-room 100 feet in depth and 82 feet in 
 width at transept. The improvements were from 
 plans by J. E. Harney, architect, and including 
 
316 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 frescoing, grading, etc., involved an expenditure of 
 about S20,000. It was reopened for service April 19, 
 1868. Its seating capacity (including gallery) i.s now 
 about 1000. 
 
 First Bapf'ist Church. — The first Baptist Church in 
 Newburgh was a colony from the Baptist Church of ! 
 Pleasant Valley, who were set off by themselves 
 April 24, 1790, and formally organized as the church 
 at Newburgh on the 2d of June following. This 
 church continued in existence until 1817. In the 
 mean time (1803) Elder Luke Davis, a Baptist mis- 
 sionaiy, raised a small congregation at Fostertown, 
 which was incorporated with the original society. 
 AVilliara Brundage served as pastor from 1790 to 1795 ; 
 Levi Hall from 179(5 to 1799, holding service one- 
 third of the time; Jethro Johnson from 1799 to 1803; 
 Luke Davis from 1803 to 1811 ; William C. Thomp- 
 son, a licensed preacher, but not an ordained minister, 
 from 1812 to 1815, and John Ellis from 1815 to 1817, 
 whose time was equally divided between the New- 
 burgh and the Pleasant Valley Church. Nov. 18, 
 1817, the two churches were united under the title 
 of the Union Church of Pleasant Valley and New- 
 burgh, and continued in existence down to Dec. 5, 
 1840, when the last entry is made in the minutes. 
 From 1817 to 1832 meetings were held alternately at 
 Pleasant Valley, where a church edifice had been 
 erected in 1786, and in the " Stone Meeting-house," 
 as it was called, in Newburgh. After 1832 meetings 
 were held at Pleasant Valley only, and practically 
 the Newburgh branch of the society closed its exist- 
 ence. The stone meeting-house which it occupied 
 and its burial-ground were on the farm late of John 
 Rodman, near Luptondale, on the Newburgh and 
 Shawangunk plank-road. The building was about 
 30 feet square with walls about 20 feet high, 10 feet 
 of which were stone, and covered by what is called a 
 barrack roof, rising to about 25 feet in the centre. It 
 was erected about the year 1806, and abandoned in 
 1832. The pulpit was on the west, tlie entrance on 
 the east. In the adjoining burying-ground head- 
 stones mark the resting-place of many of the founders 
 and supporters of the church, among others of Deacon 
 Joseph Cauldwell and of Deacon William Winterton. 
 A parsonage-house was also a part of the property, 
 and Orange Lake was the baptismal font. 
 
 No effort appears to have been made to organize a 
 church in the village of Newburgh until 1821. Bap- 
 tist missionaries, however, frequently visited the place, 
 and among others the Rev. Mr. Price, Charles Mais, 
 and Thomas Powell, the latter afterwards or at that 
 time (1820) pastor of the church at Cornwall. In 
 1817 the Hudson River Baptist Association made ar- 
 rangements to supply the village with missionaries for 
 one year. The Rev. Rufus Leonard held the first ser- 
 vice under this arrangement in the academy on De- 
 cember 14th. From the records of the present church 
 it appeal's that on Wednesday evening, Feb. 21, 1821, 
 a meeting was held at the residence of Lydia Ann 
 
 Hill, for the purpose of consulting in reference to the 
 
 organization of the church. " As the result of this 
 meeting, an invitation was sent to Elder Daniel C. 
 Stears to visit the brethren and give them such coun- 
 sel as circumstances required. On the fourth Wed- 
 nesday in March following a committee was appointed 
 to draft articles of faith and covenant, which were pre- 
 sented and adopted at a meeting held on April 11th. 
 On May 16th the church was formally organized, 
 William Pierce acting as moderator, and Lewis Leon- 
 ard as clerk. There were fourteen members at the 
 time of its constitution, five of whom were brethren. 
 This church survived, with all the attending diffi- 
 culties usual to weak churches, until .Tuly 12, 1828. 
 During its existence forty persons united with it, of 
 whom only four were by baptism. The members at- 
 tached to the church at the time of its dissolution re- 
 moved their membei-ship, and gradually all trace of it 
 vanished." 
 
 From 1828 until 1834 there was no Baptist Church 
 organization in the village. Dec. 23, 1834, however, 
 a meeting was held " in the brick meeting-house, then 
 owned by the Methodists, tor the purpose of organ- 
 izing a church. There were four ministers present, 
 viz. : Parkinson, Bernard, Martin, and David James. 
 Having resolved to constitute a church, it was agreed 
 that Elder Parkinson preach the sermon. Elder Mar- 
 tin was appointed clerk. Elder Bernard gave the 
 charge, and Elder Parkinson the right hand of fel- 
 lowship. Elder David James was the first pastor of 
 this church, it having been formed under his charge. 
 The number of members at the time of its constitu- 
 tion is said to have been 13. At the first church 
 meeting, held January 10th, there were i)resent three 
 brethren and seven sisters. The three brethren were 
 David James, the pastor; William Mitchell, deacon; 
 and Joseph Chase, clerk." 
 
 Mr. James continued to serve as pastor until Jan- 
 uary, 1838, when he resigned. The church does not 
 appear to have gained much, in point of numbers, 
 during his ministry. In April, 1838, Elder Spencer 
 accepted a call to the pastorate, and served in tliat I 
 capacity until August following, when he resigned. ' 
 The pulpit was temporarily supplied by Elder James 
 until December, when Ehler Van Gilder took the 
 charge. He served until July, 1839, when Elder 
 Daniel T. Hill accepted an invitation to supply the 
 pulpit ever}' Sabbath morning. This arrangement 
 continued for only a few months. In July, 1840, I 
 Elder George Phippen accepted the j)astorate, and 
 remained in the charge until Nov. 1, 1842, when he 
 resigned. During his ministry the condition of the 
 society considerably improved. " Some old difficulties 
 were removed, some prejudices which had long existed 
 were broken down, and, as a denomination, some 
 progress was made in gaining a more favorable opin- 
 ion on the part of the community." 
 
 The Rev. C. A. Raymond succeeded Mr. Phi2)pen, 
 and entered upon his duties on the first Sabbath in 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 317 
 
 November, 1842. He was a young man of superior 
 talent and great energy, and under his ministry the 
 church rapidly increased in membership. He re- 
 signed the charge iu 1844. The Rev. W. S. Clapp 
 and the Rev. Thomas Applegate served the church as 
 supplies until April, 1847. In November of that year 
 a call was extended to the Rev. James Scott, who en- 
 tered upon the duties of the pastorate in December, 
 and held the station until Sept. 11, 1855, when he was 
 removed by death. On May 4, 1856, the Rev. J. H. 
 Castle accepted the vacant pastorate, and served until 
 March, 1859. His successor. Rev. Isaac Wescott, en- 
 tered upon the charge May 1, 1859, and continued 
 pastor until Sept. 13, 1861. He was succeeded by 
 Rev. G. W. Lasher, who became pastor in March, 
 1862, and resigned April 25, 1864. In October of the 
 same year Rev. Lyman Wright entered upon the pas- 
 toral work, continuing in the office until Dec. 31, 
 1868. His successor was Rev. E. W. Bliss, who ac- 
 cepted the pastoral office April 1, 1869, and resigned 
 April 1, 1872. Rev. John Quincy Adams entered 
 upon the pastorate April 1, 1873, and resigned in 1877. 
 The present pastor. Rev. Arthur Jones, became Mr. 
 Adams' successor in 1879. 
 
 After its reorganization in 1834 the church held 
 services in the old Mcintosh house (formerly in use 
 by St. George's), and from thence it removed to the 
 old Methodist church on Liberty Street, which was 
 purchased by the society. Tliis building was sold in 
 the spring of 1842 for S925, and on the third Sabbath 
 in May of the same year the church commenced 
 worship in Washington Hall. In 1849 an edifice 
 was erected on the corner of Montgomery and Third 
 Streets (now occupied by the First United Presbyterian 
 society), and opened for public worship in the spring 
 of 1850. In the fall of 1859 the society purchased a 
 site on South Street and commenced the erection of 
 the edifice which it now occupies. It is 52 by 90 feet, 
 and is in the Roman style of architecture. The 
 tower and spire are 175 feet high ; audience-room, 50 
 by 72 feet in the clear ; height of ceiling, 32 feet. The 
 audience-room has 156 pews, and will seat about 800. 
 The lecture-room in the basement is 50 by 55 feet, and 
 has 100 pews ; it was renovated in 1875. The cost of 
 the building and lot was about $19,500. It is supplied 
 with a baptistery and other modern appointments. It 
 was dedicated on Wednesday, Aug. 15, 1860, on which 
 occasion Dr. Hague, of New Yorlc, preached in the 
 morning from Eph. iii. 19, and Dr. Gillette in the 
 evening from Luke ii. 49. 
 
 Second Baptist Church. — In the summer of 1860 
 (Aug. 12th) Mr. John Hagan, Jr., opened a Sunday- 
 school in what was known as tlie Crystal Palace build- 
 ing, on the north side of Washington Street, and im- 
 mediately thereafter a lot was procured on the oppo- 
 site side of the street, and a small frame building 
 erected at a cost of $700. This building was opened 
 Sept. 1, 1860, under tlie name of the " Scott Mission 
 School." In the fall of 1867 a larger building of brick 
 
 wa^ erected at a cost of $5000, and was opened for 
 service on Tuesday, Jan. 14, 1868. Missionaries were 
 employed by the First Baptist Church to labor in con- 
 nection with this mission until June 10, 1871, when 
 41 members were, at their own request, dismissed for 
 the purpose of forming the Second Baptist Church, 
 and on Sept. 6, 1871, that body was formally recog- 
 nized by a Council as an .independent church. Rev. 
 John Gray, who had acted as a missionary, was 
 soon after called and ordained to the jiastorate, which 
 office he filled up to the destruction of the building 
 by fire, when the organization ceased. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Churches. — Methodism was in- 
 troduced in Newburgh by Rev. Ezekiel Cooper in 
 1786.* In 1788 there were seven " classes," or infor- 
 mal societies, in the town, viz. : Samuel Fowler's at 
 Middlehope, Elnathau Foster's at Newburgh Village, 
 Munson Ward's at Fostertown, George Stanton's at 
 Gardnertowu, Daniel Holmes' at Middlehope, and 
 Luff" Smith's near Marlborough. In 1808 the "New- 
 burgh," or " Elnathau Foster's class," as it was orig- 
 inally called, was organized into a church under the 
 title of the "Methodist Episcopal Church in the 
 Parish of Newburgh." Its trustees were Morgan 
 Cole, Lewis Carter, William Baker, Joseph Cole, 
 and George Westlake. It continued to be supplied 
 by circuit preachers until 1820, when Rev. Samuel 
 Fowler, its first located pastor, was appointed to the 
 charge. Since that time the following ministers have 
 held the station, viz. : 1820, Samuel Fowler ; 1821-22, 
 Tobias Spicer; 1823, William Jewett; 1824-25, John 
 D. Moriarty ; 1826-27, Thomas Mason ; 1828-29, Rob- 
 ert Seney ; 1830-31, Stephen L. Stillman ; 1832-33, 
 James Covell ; 1834, William Thatcher; 1835-36, 
 Seymour Landon ; 1837-38, John Kennedy; 1839-40, 
 Robert Seney ; 1841-42, Edmund E. Griswold; 1843, 
 Friend W. Smith ; 1844-45, Davis Stocking ; 1846-47, 
 Zephaniah N. Lewis; 1848-49, John L. Gilder; 1850- 
 51, Abiathar M. Osbon ; 1852-53, Charles B. Sing; 
 1854-56, Luther W. Peck ; 1856-57, Edwin R. Keyes ; 
 1858-59, John W. Beach; 1860-61, Charles Shelling; 
 November, 1861, to April, 1862, John Parker; 1862, 
 one year, M. D. C. Crawford ; 1863-66, George S. Hare ; 
 1866-69, John Miley ; 1869-72, William P. Abbott ; 
 1872-75, Andrew Longacre ; 1875, George S. Hare ; 
 1878-79, DeLos Lull. 
 
 The class from which the society sprung held its 
 first meeting (1786) at the house of Elnathan Foster, 
 which occuijicd the site on which the First Presby- 
 terian Church edifice now stands. The old Lutheran 
 church and the old clothing store-house were also 
 used when the circuit preachers visited the station, 
 and after the erection of the academy the services 
 were held in the upper room of that building. Sub- 
 sequently the old Mcintosh house was occupied. Im- 
 mediately after the organization of the society it was 
 
 * See Chapter XI. of genenll bistory for a more complete account of 
 
 early history. 
 
318 
 
 HISTOllY OF OKANGE COUj^T!, NEW YORK. 
 
 resolved (June S, ISOS) to erect "a house of \vorshii>, 
 45 by 35 feet," and Georjre Westlake and Morgan 
 Cole were appointed to "circulate subscription papers, 
 as well as to have tlie general direction in erecting 
 the building." The sum of ^773 wjis subscribed for 
 the purpose, and a lot on the corner of Gidney Avenue 
 and Liberty Street was purchased from EInatlian 
 Foster for a nominal consideration. The trustees 
 note their tirst meeting in this building, which 
 was called the " Brick Chapel," under date of 
 Feb. IS, ISU.but it was undoubtedly occupied 
 at an earlier period. Even then, however, the 
 interior of the edilice was not finished, nor was 
 it completed until ISIG or 1817. 
 
 In 1833 (December 23d) the trustees of the 
 church resolved to build " a new nieeting-luiuse, 
 to be 50 by 02 feet, after the plan of the Wash- 
 ington Street Jlethodist Episcopal Church, 
 Brooklyn, capable of accomnunlating 100(1 per- 
 sons." A suitable site wivs purchased on 
 Second Street, and on July 29, 1834, the cor- 
 ner-stone of the edifice was laid with appropri- 
 ate ceremonies. The building wixs completed 
 in ISoo, and was dcdicateil April 1st of that 
 year. Its cost wjis.about .'^lO.OOO. It was erec- 
 ted by Sylvanus Loud, builder, and Heury 
 
 work. The corner-stone was laid Nov. 14, 1S(!0, by 
 Bishop James. One year from that date ( Wednesday, 
 Nov. 13, 18G1 ) the building was dedicated, in the usual 
 form, by Bishop Simpson, of Indiana. It is in the de- 
 corated style of the thirteenth century Gothic, and 
 has a front on Liberty Street of 73 feet G inches by 
 140 feet on Third Street. The chief features of the 
 e.\terior consist of three towers with their entrances^ 
 the transept, and the lecture-room 
 front. The centre tower and spire 
 rises to the height of 180 feet ; the 
 side towers to tio feet. The interior 
 dimensions are : Nave, 85 feet long 
 by 62 feet wide ; transept, 78 feet 
 long, terminating at the ends with 
 large enriched windows. The ceil- 
 ing of nave and transept is 40 feet, 
 and is richly groined and ribbed. 
 The auditorium contains 150 pews ; 
 the lecture-room, on the second 
 floor in the rear, will accommodate 
 about 400 persons, and the class- 
 rooms on the tirst floor are large 
 and convenient. The cost of the 
 building and lot was about $35,000. 
 .Vn organ was added in Februarv. 
 
 i 
 
 TKISITY METHOPIST EriSlVlWI. 0111 KCII— ImU 
 
 Veltman, mason. A parsonage on Montgomery Street 
 was subsequently added to the property. In the spring 
 of 1860 the society determined to build a new edi- 
 fice, and for that purpose the trustees purchased a 
 site on the corner of Liberty and Third Streets. 
 Plans by K. Lockwood, architect, were adopted, and 
 the contracts awarded to Little i*c Kelly, carpenters, 
 John Little, masou, and Madden vt Fitzgerald, stone- 
 
 1870, at a cost of S500ii. It only remains to add that 
 the title of the church was changed from " First"to 
 " Trinity" in 1871. The property of the church on 
 Second Street was sold to private parties, and subse- 
 quently converted into an opera-house. 
 
 The original "■ Sanuicl Fowler's chtss" and the 
 " Daniel Holmes' class" were organized into a church 
 at Middlehope, Dec. 14, 1821, and Win. Smith, Daniel 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 319 
 
 Soliiies, Diivid Wyatt, (Hll)(rt HoIiir'.s, and Daniel 
 Hcrritt were cU'ctcd trustees. Arranfrcments were 
 (ion after made for erecting a church edifiee, whicli 
 vas dedicated Dec. 29, 1822, under the name of "As- 
 )ury Chapel." It has always been supplied by circuit 
 ireachcrs, and is now associated with the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church at Fostertown, the two churches 
 ormin;; the "North Newburgh Circuit." Its building 
 las undergone some slight architectural changes since 
 
 Slid. 
 
 In 1.S25 the " G(«rge Stanton's class" was organized 
 nto a church, and (December 15th) Burroughs West- 
 ake, Joshua Marston, David W. Gidney, Silas B. 
 Tardner, and Robt. Lockwood were chosen " trustees 
 )!' the Methodist Ki>iscoi)al Church at Gardnertown." 
 \ house of worship was ereetc<l the next year, and 
 vas dedicated November 20th. It remained in occu- 
 lation until Nov. 24, 1858. The present edifice was 
 roni plans by E. K. Shaw. It was erected in 1858, 
 inder contract with Thomas Shaw & Sons, at a cost 
 if i?27oO, and was dedicated November 24th. It is a 
 imple Gothic chapel, accommodating about 400 per- 
 lons. The society was for some years a.ssociated in a 
 circuit with that at Little Britain. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church at Rossville was 
 irganized Oct. 8, 183(t, when Thomas Aderton, Alvah 
 iV'aring, Wm. Penny, John Bushlield, Nehemiah Fow- 
 er, Thomas Bushfield, and Gilbert Lockwood were 
 dected trustees. The edifice now occupied by the 
 lociety was erected in 1831. It is 30 by 42 feet, and 
 :ost originally about $600. It was considerably im- 
 sroved and refurnished and painted in 1876. The 
 lociety cannot be satisfactorily traced to any of the 
 iriginal classes. It is now associated with the Meth- 
 )dist Episcopal Church at Pleasant Valley, Ulster 
 Jo., in the support of a minister. The parsonage is 
 it the latter place. 
 
 December 31, 1833, the Munson Ward's class was 
 )rganized as the Methodist Episcopal Church at Fos- 
 ertowM, an<l David Wyatt, Jethro Allison, John F. 
 ^Villiams, .lacob Gillis, and Wm. S. Holmes were 
 'lected trustees. In 1834 the building now occupied 
 5y the society was erected, and was dedicated in Sep- 
 ember of that year. Like its contemporaries of the 
 )rimitive Methodistic era, it has been improved since 
 ts original dedication, but ha-s no architectural claims. 
 
 In addition to these original churches there are the 
 '•Second (now »S'^ Jnhn's Church) and Grace Church, 
 vhile for a few years there was St. Paul's, a German 
 IJhurch. The first (St. John's) was organized through 
 he instrumentality of Joseph Longking, Henry Cor- 
 lell, and James Martin, who proposed to the trustees 
 )f the First Methodist Episcopal Church (1851) that 
 bat bo.dy should hire for the use of such a society the 
 >uilding formerly occupied by the Second Presby- 
 ;crian Church, the applicants agreeing to pay the 
 nterest on the debt then existing on that building 
 or one year. The trustees, however, declined to take 
 iny steps in the matter. After further consideration, 
 
 and with the approval of the presiding elder of the 
 district and of Rev. A. M. Osbon, the preacher sta- 
 tioned in Newburgh, Mr. Longking and his associates 
 determined to prosecute the enterprise, and in com- 
 pliance with their request the presiding elder ap- 
 pointed Rev. Aaron F. Palmer, a local deacon, 
 preacher in charge until the ensuing session of the 
 New York Conference. The society was formally 
 organized on Sunday, May 23, 1852, at the residence 
 of Mr. Cornell, at which time certificates of member- 
 ship were received from seven persons. 
 
 Previous to this time, however, arrangements had 
 been made for the use of the Secf)nd Presbyterian 
 Church edifice, and on the 9th of June following 
 Henry Cornell, James Martin, John H. Waters, Nel- 
 son Austin, and .Joseph Longking were unanimously 
 elected trustees, and the articles of corporation were 
 formed. At the annual session of the New York 
 Conference for 1852, Rev. Ruftis C. Putney was ap- 
 pointed to the charge. The church edifice was dedi- 
 cated June 13tb, and on the 25th of that month the 
 society had a membership of 129 persons, nearly all 
 of whom had been previously connected with the 
 First Church. 
 
 The building which had been rented for the society 
 at the time of its organization was purchased by its 
 trustees in March, 1853, for $5000, which was prin- 
 cipally paid by subscriptions, and at about the same 
 time arrangements were made for erecting a par- 
 sonage and also a building for lectures and class- 
 meetings. These buildings were completed Sept. 12, 
 1853,— the former at a cost of $2349, and the latter at 
 $2109. The building was badly injured by fire in the 
 fall of 1S73, and in the summer following was repaired 
 and Tnaterially improved at a cost of about .'B70(l0. It 
 was reopened for service in October, 1874, Bishop 
 Peck conducting the exercises. In the spring of 1876 
 the iiresent front of 36 feet with towers was added 
 (from jilans by E. K. Shaw, architect) at a cost of 
 $10,000. The edifice is now one of the most thoroughly 
 modern in the city. The principal floor has seats for 
 650 persons, and the Sunday-school gallery over the 
 vestibule for 300. A recess in the rear of the pulpit 
 accommodates the choir and organ, and was part of 
 the improvements of 1874. 
 
 The society adopted the title of "St. John's" at its 
 reopening in 1874. The following have been its pas- 
 tors : 1852-53, Ruftis C. Putney ; 1854-55, L. W. Wals- 
 worth ; 1856-67, David Buck ; 1858-59, E. L. Prentice; 
 1860-61, John P. Hermance ; 1862-63, Chas. S. Brown; 
 1864, G. H. Gregory (three months) ; 1864-66, Thos. 
 B. Smith; 1867-68, DeLos Lull; 1869-70, H. H. 
 Birkius ; 1871-72, W. E. Clarke ; 1873-74, George H. 
 Corey ; 1875-7C), L. H. King ; 1877-80, F. W. Hamlin. 
 
 Grace Church is at West Newburgh, on Broadway. 
 It was the outgrowth of the Second or St. John's 
 Church, and especially of a mission Sunday-school 
 established under its auspices in 1848. The society 
 or school was legally organized in June, 1865, when 
 
320 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 P. S. Haines, James Harrison, C. H. Bond, Josejjh W. 
 Bond, F. Klaproth, David Gibb, Charles Estabrook, 
 John Haskins, and Charles L. Brown were elected 
 trustees. The regular church organization, however, 
 dates from April 25, 1868, when 30 members from the 
 Second Church united for that purpose. The building 
 of a church edifice was commenced in May, 186G, and 
 the basement completed and occupied by the Sunday- 
 school and by a free school, the latter under the charge 
 of the Board of Education. The corner-stone was 
 laid in the autumn of 1867, Rev. J. B. Wakely deliv- 
 ering the address, and the edifice was completed under 
 plans by J. D. Kelly, architect. It was dedicated 
 Sept. 2, 1868, on which occasion the sermon was by 
 Rev. Dr. Fletcher, from Mark ix. 18, 19. Dr. McAl- 
 lister preached in the evening. Rev. Dr. A. M. Osbou, 
 presiding elder, had principal charge of the exercises 
 at both services. The structure is of brick, and in- 
 cludes basement, auditorium, and choir gallery ; it is 
 in neat but plain finish, and has seats for about 400 
 persons. It is 35 by 61 feet; lot 66 by 105 feet, — the 
 latter presented by Messrs. W. R. & C. L. Brown ; its 
 cost was about .t!lO,000. A parsonage was added to 
 the property in 1874 at a cost of $3500. Rev. Van 
 Ness Traver (1868) was the first minister in charge. 
 He was succeeded by Rev. D. W. C. Van Gaasbeck, 
 the latter by Rev. Dr. Osbon, and the latter by Rev. 
 W. S. Bouton. 
 
 St. Paul's German Methodist Episcopal Church 
 was the outgrowth of an effort to organize a German 
 Reformed Church, for which latter purpose a meeting 
 was held in the lecture-room of the Associate Re- 
 formed Church on Sunday, Jan. 5, 1S68. The exer- 
 cises were conducted by Rev. A. Rahn, and resulted 
 in the constitution of a society (February 7th) under 
 the title of " St. Paul's German Reformed Church." 
 Mr. Rahn was elected pastor, and was installed on 
 Sunday, March 29th, by Rev. Dr. Schaff. At a sub- 
 sequent meeting the society resolved to unite with the 
 Presbytery of North River, and it was duly received 
 by that body under the title of " St. Paul's German 
 Presbyterian Church." Soon after organization the 
 society purchased a site on Johnston Street near 
 Western Avenue for the erection of a church edifice, 
 the corner-stone of which was laid September 10th, 
 by the Masonic fraternity in Grand Lodge of Cere- 
 mony. The building was completed and dedicated 
 in the summer of 1869. Its cost, including lot, was 
 about $12,000, and its capacity suflicient for the ac- 
 commodation of about 400 persons. Mr. Rahn re- 
 signed the charge, and was succeeded, in July, 1870, 
 by Rev. E. Lubkort, who served as supply until Sep- 
 tember following, when he was installed pastor, and 
 continued in that relation until July 28, 1872. His 
 resignation was mainly in consequence of a union 
 which was effected in April of that year with the 
 Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, under 
 which it was agreed by the tru.stees of Trinity Church 
 that that body would assume the mortgage debt of 
 
 St. Paul's, amounting to about W500. The title of 
 the society was then changed to " St. Paul's German 
 Methodist Episcopal Church," and its pulpit supplied 
 by the appointment of Rev. G. Myers. A subsequent 
 board of trustees of Trinity Church refused to carry 
 out the agreement which had been made, on the 
 ground that the action which had been had was ille- 
 gal, it not having been in compliance with a vote of 
 the congregation. This conclusion compelled St. 
 Paul's to submit to a sale of its property, under mort- 
 gage foreclosure, in 1876. After a period of suspen- 
 sion the society reorganized as a German Lutheran 
 Church, repurchased its building, and is now under 
 the pastorate of Rev. W. S. Buehler. 
 
 Roman Catholic Churche!<. — St. Patrick's, the first 
 Roman Catholic Church in the county, was organized 
 in 1826. Previous to that time Newburgh was visited 
 by itinerant Catholic priests, among whom was the 
 Rev. Dr. Ffrench, who said mass, in 1817, at the house 
 of Mr. Gilmore on Western Avenue. The attendants 
 upon his ministrations, which were only occasional, 
 were as follows, viz. : Mark Mclntyre, John Fitzpat- 
 rick, Henry Gilmore, Daniel Devlin, Dennis McCool, 
 Enos McAllister, Michael Bird, George McCahill, 
 Charles Mackin, Owen McGahey, Patrick McGahey, 
 and Thomas and Hugh Riley, and their families. 
 At the time of the organization of St. Patrick's the 
 number of Catholics in the town did not exceed 30, 
 and mass was said every six months. Soon after this 
 time the Rev. Philip O'Reilly was stationed on the 
 Newburgh district, and said mass here once every 
 month. In 1836 the Rev. Patrick Duffy was ap- 
 pointed to the station, and for seventeen years re- 
 mained Catholic pastor of Newburgh. He died in 
 1853. After an interval of one year, during which 
 time the church was ministered to by the Rev. Mr. 
 Gallagher, the Rev. E. J. O'Reilly was appointed 
 pastor, and served until June 1, 1867, when he was 
 succeeded by Rev. E. S. Briady. Rev. Joseph F. 
 Mooney is now in charge of the parish. 
 
 The service of mass was first said in Mr. Gilmore's 
 house, as already stated. Afterwards, and for a num- 
 ber of years, the Mcintosh house was used by the 
 congregation. In 1838 the preliminary steps were 
 taken for the erection of a church edifice, and the 
 site now occupied was purchased by subscriptions 
 from resident Catholics, aided by outside collections 
 and contributions from members of other denomina- 
 tions. The building was completed and opened for 
 service in December, 1842. Its value was then esti- 
 mated at about $12,000. It was a stone structure, 
 about 100 by 60 feet, with no architectural features. 
 It wa-s neatly fitted up with pews and a small gallery, 
 had an organ and two fine oil jjaintings about 14 by 
 9 feet, representing the birth and the entombment of 
 the Saviour, painted by Rembrandt Lockwood. 
 
 In 1852 a field was purchased at the corner of First 
 and Stone Streets, and a cemetery opened. In 1854 
 a lot was purchased adjoining the church, and a pas- 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 321 
 
 torn] residence erected thereon, — the house and lot 
 costing about $10,000. The year 1858 was signalized 
 by the erection of a commodious school-house, situ- 
 ated immediately west of the church, which was com- 
 pleted and opened November 29th of that year. The 
 school was instituted in 1850. In 1855 a library 
 association was organized, and some 600 volumes 
 collected. For four years, ending with August, 1860, 
 this association published a very spirited monthly 
 magazine, edited by the late John Ashhurst. A 
 Sabbath-school and other organizations peculiar to 
 the Catholic faith are also connected with the church. 
 
 In 1860 the church made extensive alterations and 
 additions to its house of worship, rendering it one of 
 the finest ecclesiastical structures on the Hudson. 
 Its plan is in the style known as the decorated Gothic 
 of the thirteenth century. The building is cruciform, 
 the front ornamented with pinnacles and parapets of 
 rich crochet and quatrefoil work. A tower, sur- 
 mounted by a spire of open tracery work, adorns the 
 front. The windows are of heavy carved work and 
 filled with richly-stained glass. The ceiling is arched \ 
 and ribbed, and the finish throughout of the highest 
 order. The plans were furnished by Rembrandt 
 Lockwood, and the work executed under his direc- 
 tion by J. Gill, mason, and Little & Kelly, carpenters. 
 The following are the dimensions of the building, 
 viz.: length, 150 feet; length of transept, 75 feet; 
 front, 55 feet 3 inches ; height of ceiling, 29 feet ; 
 spire, 135 feet. 
 
 During Father Briady's administration the church 
 edifice and the school-house were thoroughly repaired 
 and refurnished and the parsonage rebuilt, the latter 
 in 1869 at a cost of $13,000. In 1871 the property 
 on Grand Street near Washington was purchased and 
 improved at a cost of about $15,000, and opened (1872) 
 as St. Patrick's Orphan Asylum, under the manage- 
 ment of Sisters of Charity. It is now occupied in 
 part for that purpose and in part by a select school 
 for young ladies. In the spring of 1875 a plot of fif- 
 teen acres near Muchattoes Hill was purchased for 
 cemetery purposes at a cost of $7200. 
 
 St. Mary's Church was organized in March, 1875, 
 on the application of a number of members of St. 
 Patrick's to Archbishop McCloskey, who granted 
 an order dividing the original parish and constitut- 
 ing from the northern part of its territory St. Mary's 
 parish. Eev. M. J. Phelan, formerly of Port Ewen, 
 was appointed pastor, and said his first mass in the 
 parish on Easter Sunday, 1875, in the opera-house. 
 Property was soon after purchased on Gidney Avenue 
 and South Street for $20,000, and mass celebrated in 
 the mansion on the premises. In May following a 
 temporary frame building for church purposes was 
 erected, costing $3500. In 1880 the building now oc- 
 cupied by the church was erected at a cost of $25,000, 
 including cost of organ. It was dedicated by Arch- 
 bishop McCloskey on Sunday, October 3d. 
 
 Embraced in St. Mary's parish is the Academy of 
 
 Our Lady of Mercy (a branch convent of the Sisters 
 of Mercy of New York), which was opened at Balm- 
 ville in the summer of 1875. 
 
 Unitarian. — The Church of Our Father was formed 
 Feb. 21, 1859. On the last Sunday of July, 1867, 
 Eev. William R. G. Mellen commenced Unitarian 
 worship at the court-house with an audience of 25 in 
 the morning and 30 in the afternoon. Subsequent 
 services were held by Mr. Mellen and other preachers 
 until Feb. 15, 1868, when the Rev. C. B. Webster was 
 elected pastor. On July 7th following a Unitarian 
 society was organized. A building-lot was soon after 
 purchased at the corner of South and Johnston 
 Streets at a cost of $3000, and in the summer of 1869 
 a church edifice was erected at a cost of $12,300. 
 This building is in the early Gothic style, of brick 
 with bluestone borders and granite caps ; the roof is 
 supported by iron pillars resting on brick piers. It 
 is 40 feet by 60, and provides seats for 400 persons. 
 A small pastor's room and a choir gallery are fur- 
 nished in the rear. The dedication took place July 
 17, 1870. Mr. Webster resigned the pastorate in 1871, 
 and Rev. F. W. Holland became his successor in June 
 of that year. Rev. James Huxtable succeeded Dr. 
 Holland in 1878. The principal patrons and founders 
 of the society were the late Josiah S. Young and the 
 late John P. DeWint, the latter a resident of Fishkill. 
 
 In addition to the societies already enumerated, the 
 First Presbyterian Church maintains the Bethel Mis- 
 sion on North Water Street, and the American Re- 
 formed Church the Gleason Mission on Western 
 Avenue. The Jews have a synagogue, — " Congrega- 
 tion Beth Jacob," — of which David Fleishowr is 
 rabbi. There are also two societies of colored people, 
 — the Shiloh Baptist Church and the African Metho- 
 dist Episcopal Zion Church. The latter has a neat 
 edifice on Washington Street. 
 
 COMPARATIVE STATISTICS. 
 
 = >• »& g-s 1.- se 
 
 Chuech. .• 3 » s a S a E c •■: .2 
 
 s . ■3§' iS.<£Sg« = 
 
 _ .. . fl855 1 $7,000 450 250 167 $700 
 
 ""P"" 11875 2 35,000 1300 600 402 3.300 
 
 ,. 1. J- . i:. ■ 1 ( 1866 6 22,400 3200 191)0 833 37B0 
 
 Methodist Episcopal U^^^ g ,j^,^g ^^ ^^^ l,-,31t 7600 
 
 J 1855 1 8,000 600 400 247 1000 
 
 I resh.vtenan \lS^i 4 110,000 350 200(1 1215 9000 
 
 _ , „ ... (1865 2 15,000 9l«) 600 4:11 2000 
 
 Asso. Ref. Presbyterian | j^^j j ,||„|^, ^^ g,,,, ^r^ -^-^^^ 
 
 . „ ... fl856 2 14,000 1200 480 250 1100 
 
 Reformed Presbyterian jjg,- j .^,,i^^ ^^m 60ll 416 33(K1 
 
 United Presbyterian 1875 1 8,000 475 30O 218 1500 
 
 „...„. , (1855 1 15,000 750 600 ISO 1200 
 
 Protestant l-piscopal jjg^j ^ ^^^^ jj,^ guy 547 ,(„^, 
 
 Eef. Protestant Episcopal... 1875 1 7,000 30O 100 31g 1500 
 
 . . „ , . (1865 1 15,000 600 250 180 800 
 
 American Reformed |,g,j , jd^^j j^,,,,, g,„, j,,,, ;j,jf|Q, 
 
 „ r- .1 ,■ (1866 1 15,0(K1 800 700 600 1000 
 
 Konian Catliohc •! jg^j .^ ^yoo,, jj.m .,500 4000 28001 
 
 Unitarian 1875 1 12,1X10 400 200 lOOg 1200 
 
 RECAPITULATIO.V. 
 
 „ . f, .. Attend- Conimu- o i«..-.,o 
 
 Property. Capacity. ^^^.^ „i^.„,„^ Salaries. 
 
 1855 $111,400 8,000 .5,180 2888 811,500 
 
 1875 507,000 15,775 11,000 9113 41,700 
 
 * Estimated. t 891 probationers in addition. 
 
 X Additional from fees. § New. 
 
322 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 
 The theological seminary of the Associate Re- 
 formed Church was the first institution of the kind 
 in the United States. There were indeed Professors 
 of Divinity (most of whom were connected with col- 
 leges) who were accustomed to give lectures on the 
 .science of theology to such students as pleased to at- 
 tend ; but there was no institution expressly designed 
 for the training of candidates for the ministry, and 
 formally organized on an academic basis, in existence 
 in this country previous to the erection of this semi- 
 nary. 
 
 The first steps towards its establishment were taken 
 by the Associate Reformed Synod in 1796, on the 
 suggestion of one of its youngest members, Mr. (after- 
 wards Dr.) John M. Mason, of New York, then in the 
 early dawn of his brilliant career. At the meeting 
 of Synod in 1796 an act was adopted " concerning a 
 Synodical Fund," the main object of which fund was 
 to aid poor and pious youth in their studies for the 
 niini.stry , and to maintain a Professorship of Theology. 
 The church was snuill, the country was very poor in 
 those days, and the growth of the fund was necessarily 
 slow ; but the ideas thrown out by Dr. Mason had 
 taken root in the minds of his brethren, and at the 
 meeting of Synod in 1801 it was resolved, after much 
 discussion, to erect a theological seminary on a pecu- 
 liar jilan, and of a higher order than any " school of 
 the prophets" then in being. Dr. Mason was sent to 
 Great Britain to ask help from the churches of the 
 Fatherland, and he obtained the handsome sum of 
 $5500, which was chiefly expended in the purchase of 
 a noble library. Dr. Mason returned in 1802, and 
 was unanimously chosen to preside over the infant 
 institution, which was at first located in New York, 
 where it was opened in 1805. The number of students 
 rapidly increased, and considering the size of the de- 
 nomination, it continued to be comparatively large 
 until the suspension of the seminary in 1821. This 
 result was mainly owing to the failing health of Dr. 
 Mason, which had compelled him to retire from a 
 sphere in which he had spent the best years of his 
 life, and to which he was enthusiastically devoted. 
 By a vote of the General Synod of the church in 1822 
 (which was judicially declared a few years afterwards 
 to have been illegal), the library was transferred to 
 the seminary at Princeton. 
 
 The operations of the seminary were suspended 
 until the summer of 1829, when the Associate Re- 
 formed Synod of New York determined to resuscitate 
 the institution and to locate it at Newburgh. The 
 Rev. Joseph McCarrell, D.D., of Newburgh, was 
 elected Professor of Theology, and the Rev. Drs. 
 John McJimpsey, Alex. Proudfit, Robert Forrest, 
 and D. 0. McLaren were chosen superintendents. 
 During the following year the necessary steps were 
 taken (after sundry fruitless appeals to the General 
 Assembly of the Presbyterian Church) for the re- 
 coverv of the library and funds removed to Princeton 
 
 in 1822, and after a protracted lawsuit they were re- 
 stored to their old owners. 
 
 Another important movement was made in 1835, 
 viz. : for the erection of a suitable edifice for the 
 accommodation of the students and professors. For 
 so small a body as the Synod of New York the under- 
 taking was an almost herculean one. Money was 
 collected from various sources, an admirable site 
 covering thirteen acres of land was purchased, and a 
 charter of incorporation was granted by the Legisla- 
 ture of this State on May 25, 1836. The trustees 
 named in the act were Hon. John Willard of Salem, 
 Hon. William M. Oliver of Penn Yan, Hon. Archi- 
 bald C. Niven and Alpheus Dimmick of Monticello, 
 Hon. Robert Denniston of Salisbury, Hon. John W. 
 Brown, D. W. Bate, and Daniel Farrington of New- 
 burgh, James Waugh and William Wear of Little 
 Britain, James D. Bull of Hami)tonburgh, and Ben- 
 jamin Parker of Kortright. The foundation of the 
 seminary wa.s laid in 1837, and the building was com- 
 pleted in 1839 at a cost (including land) of about 
 .$25,000. 
 
 In 185S an organic union was effected between the 
 Associate Presbyterian Church of North America and 
 the Associate Reformed Church, under the title of 
 the United Presbyterian Church. A few congrega- 
 tions of the Associate Reformed Synod of New -York 
 refused to enter into this union. These laid claim to 
 the seminary, but by a suit at law it w-as decided 
 that the property rightfully belonged to that portion 
 of the Synod, the great majority, which had assented 
 to the union. In 1865 the Associate Reformed Synod 
 of New York, the legally recognized owners of the 
 property, took measures, in co-operation with the 
 United Presbyterian Synod of New York, for reopen- 
 ing the institution, and elected as professors therein 
 Rev. J. B. Dale, D.D., of Philadelphia, and James 
 Harper of New York. On Oct. 2, 1867, accordingly, 
 the building was opened again for the training of 
 young men for the ministry, and now has students 
 from nine or ten States. The number of bound vol- 
 umes in the library is nearly 3600. The professors 
 have been as follows : 
 
 Systematic Theology. — Rev. John M. Mason, D.D., 
 1805-21; Rev. Alex. Proudfit, D.D., 1820-21; Rev. 
 Joiel* McCarrell, D.D., 1829-60; Rev. James Harper, 
 D.D., 1867 — now professor. 
 
 Biblical Literature.— Rev. James M. Matthews, 
 1809-16; Rev. James Arbuckle, assistant, 1820-21; 
 Rev. John Forsyth, Jr., 1837-45; Rev. David L. 
 Proudfit, 1840-42; Rev. Robert Stewart, D.D., 1872 
 — now professor. 
 
 Church History, etc. — Rev. John Forsyth, D.D., 
 1852-59; Rev. J. B. Dales, D.D., 1867— now pro- 
 fessor. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 Glebe School.— The first public school in New- 
 burgh was that contemplated in the charter to the 
 Glebe, and was known for many years as the Glebe 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 323 
 
 School. Tho time at which it was first opened cannot 
 now be ascertained, but it was probal)ly soon after the 
 settlement of the Rev. Hezekiah Watkins. Nor is it 
 l)0ssible to determine who was the first schoolmaster. 
 The offices of minister and schoolmaster, however, 
 were not combined in one person, as has been gener- 
 ally supposed. This is evident from the setting apart 
 of a lot for the minister and another for the school- 
 master, and the erection of dwellings thereon respec- 
 tively, as well as from the books of the trustees of the 
 (xlebe. During a portion of the time that Mr, Wat- 
 kins held the oftice of minister a Mr. Palmer per- 
 formed the duties of schoolmaster. In 1768, Lewis 
 Donveur conducted the school ; in 1769, Joseph Penny ; 
 and in 1773, Thomas Gregory. In 1774, John Nathan 
 Hutchins was employed, and continued in the school 
 until a short time prior to his death, which occurred 
 in 1782. His successor was Richard King, who served 
 from Sept. 18, 1782, until the settlement of the Rev. 
 Mr. Spierin, in 1790. Mr. Spierin's engagement con- 
 templated the combining of the two offices of minister 
 and schoolmaster, and gave rise to difficulties which 
 eventually terminated the jurisdiction of the Episco- 
 pal Church over the Glebe. He resigned in 1793. 
 The records of the trustees fail to show the name of 
 Mr. Spierin's successor, or indeed that of any teacher 
 for several years. It is probable, however, that the 
 school was conducted in the academy from 1796 to 
 1804, during which time the latter school was under 
 the charge of the trustees of the Glebe. The "act to 
 amend the charter of the Glebe," passed by the Legis- 
 lature in 1803, directed that " the sum of $200 of the 
 revenues arising from the Glebe" should be " paid 
 annually to the trustees of the academy ;" and that 
 " the remainder of the money arising from such 
 annual income" should be "paid to the trustees 
 <if the other schools which are, or may hereafter 
 be, established on the Glebe," as the inhabitants 
 should direct. The jurisdiction of the trustees of the 
 Glebe being thus terminated, the old Glebe School 
 ceased to exist. 
 
 No division of the revenues fnmi the Glebe, as re- 
 quired by the act of 1803, appears to have been made 
 until 1809, when what was called " the juvenile school 
 in old town" was established. This school was subse- 
 quently known as the Glebe School, from the fact that 
 the trustees of the Glebe were directed by the inhab- 
 itants of the patent to pay to it that portion of reve- 
 nues not appropriated to the academy. It also re- 
 ceived one-half of the public money after the creation 
 of the common school fund. It was conducted for 
 several years by Ebenezer Adams, and for a few years 
 prior to 1830 by John P. Tarbell. Mr. John Goodsell 
 succeeded Mr. Tarbell, and continued the school until 
 1846 or '47. 
 
 The first building occupied by the school was that 
 previously spoken of as the " schoolmaster's house." 
 All the teachers appear to have occupied this building 
 prior to 1774. Mr. Hutchins and Mr. King (the latter 
 
 at least part of the time) held the school in the "par- 
 sonage-house." In 1789 the trustees rented a house 
 for the school from James Van Orsdall, and Mr. 
 Spierin held it in a house which now forms part of 
 the late residence of Charles F. V. Reeve. The school 
 (under the title of "the juvenile school of old town") 
 subsequently occupied the old Lutheran church, where 
 it was continued down to 1846 or 1847, when it was 
 removed to the academy. 
 
 April 0, 1848, the Legislature passed an act to divide 
 school district No. 13 and to erect No. 15. The law 
 also directed the levying of a tax of $.5000 upon dis- 
 trict No. 13, as it existed prior to the passage of the 
 act, and that $3000 of the money so raised should be 
 applied to the extinguishment of a debt on that dis- 
 trict, and that the remainder should be expended in 
 the erection of a school building in district No. 15. 
 The trustees of the new district were also empowered 
 to receive such portion of the Glebe moneys as the in- 
 habitants should direct, and apply the same to the 
 reduction of rate bills. 
 
 The new district was immediately organized un<ler 
 this law, and a site was selected and the erection of a 
 school building commenced. Before the building was 
 completed the inhabitants were called to determine 
 what disposition should be made of the Glebe reve- 
 nues beyond the amount directed by law to be paid to 
 the trustees of the academy. The trustees of the Glebe 
 at that time — viz. : John Bevridge, Samuel J. Far- 
 num, and T. M. Niven — proposed that the unappro- 
 priated balance should be devoted to the payment of 
 scholarships in the academy ; but the suggestion was 
 not favorably received, and at a public meeting held 
 April 13, 1849, it was rejected. At the same meeting 
 a resolution was adopted directing the trustees of the 
 Glebe to pay to the trustees of school district No. 15 
 whatever revenue might be derived from the Glebe 
 " over and above the sum required by law to be paid 
 to the academy." The resolution also declared that 
 " the said district school No. 15 shall hereafter be 
 known as the Glebe School," and this designation 
 continued until tlie adoption of the present free school 
 system. 
 
 Newburgh Academi/. — The Newburgh Academy was 
 erected in 1795-96. On the settlement of the Rev. 
 Mr. Spierin, in 1790, he announced his intention to 
 open " an academy for the instruction of youth in the 
 Greek and Latin languages and the ditterent other 
 branches of literature;" and with a view to encourage 
 the establishment of a school of the character pro- 
 posed, the trustees of the Glebe stated that " a sub- 
 scription would be set on foot for the building of a 
 convenient house for a seminary." In 1791 an eflbrt 
 was made to carry this promise into efl'ect, and to that 
 end an application was made to the Legislature for 
 permission to establish a lottery, but for reasons al- 
 ready stated the application failed. The trustees 
 again took up the matter in 1795, and succeeded in 
 completing the building in 1796. 
 
324 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 
 Tlie institution continued under the charge of the 
 trustees of the Glebe until 1804, when a meeting of 
 the inhabitants of the patent was held (June 2d), at 
 which the following persons were elected " trustees to 
 take charge of the school in the academy," viz. : 
 James Bate, Anthony Davis, William W. Sackett, 
 Daniel Birdsall, James Coulter, William Ross, Rich- 
 ard Hudson, Charles Clinton, and Edward Howell. 
 In 1806 it was incorporated under the general statute 
 of the State. The trustees named in the charter were 
 Daniel Niven, James Scrinigeour, Daniel Birdsall, 
 Jonas Storey, Abraham Schultz, David Fowler, John 
 Johnston, John McAuley, John Brown, Hugh Spier, 
 Derick Araerman, William Ross, and Daniel C. Ver- 
 planck. 
 
 The names of the first and of several of the succeed- 
 ing teachers of the academy cannot now be ascer- 
 tained. In 1799, Samuel Nicholson was principal, 
 and John Gillespie was assistant ; 1802, James Law- 
 remore, principal; 1803—1, Nathan H. White; 1805, 
 Joel Cooper; 1806, Mr. Brackett ; 1807, R. W. Thomp- 
 son ; 1809, Jabez Munsel. The more recent princi- 
 pals were Luther Halsey, Rev. J. T. Halsey, E. C. 
 Benedict, E. Burt, J. Stark, Edgar Perkins, Rev. Dr. 
 Prime, and Rev. R. B. Hall. The school was especi- 
 ally successfully conducted during the administrations 
 of Mr. Halsey, Mr. Perkins, and Mr. Prime. 
 
 The academy building is located on the west side of 
 Montgomery Street, a short distance north from South 
 Street. When it was erected only the principal floor 
 was iinished for school purposes. In 1798 the courts 
 of the county were directed by law to be held at New- 
 burgh and at Goshen alternately, and for their ac- 
 commodation the upper floor was finished. A stair- 
 way was placed on the north side, and two jury-rooms, 
 a hall, and court-room occupied the floor. Courts 
 were held here from 1798 until 1843, or about forty- 
 five years. The court-room was also used for public 
 meetings ; the general and town elections were held 
 there, and, as has been already shown, it was the 
 cradle of several of the churches of the city. A few 
 changes have since been made in the external ap- 
 pearance of the building, as well as in its internal 
 arrangement. It is now held by the Board of Educa- 
 tion, and is occupied by the senior or academic de- 
 partment of the public schools. 
 
 Hiyli School. — This institution was incorporated 
 April 23, 1829, and was constituted the common 
 school for district No. 13, which then embraced the 
 whole village of Newburgh. For the erection of a 
 school building .f 1400 was raised by a tax on the in- 
 habitants of the district, and $8600 by a loan which 
 was divided into shares of $25 each. The building 
 was completed and opened for scholars in February, 
 1830, at which time John P. Tarbell and Miss Mary 
 Ross were employed as teachers. The following per- 
 sons composed the first board of trustees, viz. : Wil- 
 liam M. Wiley, Edmund Sauxay, and James Belknap ; 
 Thomas C. Ring, clerk, and David M. DuBois, col- 
 
 lector. Orville M. Smith succeeded Mr. Tarbell in 
 1834, and held the position of principal with great 
 credit until the close of the December term in 1848, 
 when he resigned. His successor, James P. Brown, 
 served until March, 1852, when S. G. McLaughlin 
 was a])pointed principal and held that position until 
 the system of free schools was established and the old 
 organization dissolved. The building was removed 
 in 1872. 
 
 Free Schools. — The movement which resulted in the 
 adoption of the present free school system was com- 
 menced in the spring of 1851, when, by the passage 
 of the general free school law, the necessity of fur- 
 nishing increased school accommodations was thrown 
 upon the trustees of the several school districts. With 
 a view to meet the requirements of the new system, 
 and to extend the principle upon which it was founded 
 beyond the provisions of the State law, so far as the 
 village of Newburgh was concerned, Moses H. Belk- 
 nap, Nelson Haight, and Robert Sterling, trustees of 
 district No. 13, and John Beveridge, A. Gerald Hull, 
 and Nathan Reeve, trustees of district No. 15, held a 
 joint meeting in May and passed the following resolu- 
 tion, viz. : 
 
 " Iteiohefl. That the iahabitants of tlie village of Newburgh lie invited 
 to attend a meeting, to be held at Washington Hall on Slonday evening, 
 the 12th inst., to consider the propriety of applying to the next Legisla- 
 ture for a law to unite the whole village in one district, — to make all 
 schools in the district free schools, — the same to be under the charge of 
 a Board of Kducatiou to be elected by the people, in manner similar to 
 other cities and villages in the State." 
 
 At the meeting held pursuant to this resolution 
 Mr. Haight arid Mr. Reeve united in a report show- 
 ing the necessity for increased school accommodations, 
 and proposing a system of free schools and the estab- 
 lishment of a free academy. The report was accepted, 
 but definite action was postponed until the 23d, for 
 the purpose of ascertaining the probability of secur- 
 ing the co-operation of the trustees of the academy, 
 with a view to make that institution the free academy 
 suggested. Mr. Reeve then submitted the draft of a 
 law for the purposes embi-aced in the report, which 
 was referred to a committee for examination. 
 
 The meeting held on the 23d adojited the plan pro- 
 posed, and the trustees of the academy signified their 
 willingness to unite in the movement. In this shape 
 the subject remained until Feb. 27, 1852, when it was 
 again considered at a public meeting and the law pre- 
 pared in 1851 approved. On April 6th the "act to 
 provide for the establishment of free schools in the 
 village of Newburgh" passed the Legislature, and the 
 academy, the high school, and the Glebe school ceased 
 their separate organizations. 
 
 The first election under the law of April 6th was 
 held on the 3d of May, when John Bevridge, John J. 
 Monell, Nathaniel Jones, Charles F. V. Reeve, George 
 W. Kerr, D. G. Leonard, L. B. Gregory, Rev. John 
 Brown, and Thomas C. Ring were chosen " trustees of 
 common schools," and constituted " The Board of 
 Education of the Village of Newburgh." The first 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 S25 
 
 meeting of the board was held May 12th, when its 
 organization was completed by the election of John 
 Bevridge president, and Nathaniel Jones clerk. 
 
 The schools were soon after reorganized under what 
 is known as the graded system. The academy was 
 made the senior or highest department, and interme- 
 diate and primary schools were opened in the high 
 school and in the Glebe school. The accommoda- 
 tions for the attendance of pupils were Soon after 
 materially increa.sed by the erection of a commodious 
 building on Washington Street; the Glebe school 
 building was enlarged, and a building for a primary 
 school fitted up adjoining the academy; a school for 
 colored children, and a system of evening schools, 
 were also established. Several changes have since 
 been made. The senior department is now substan- 
 tially academic, the intermediates are grammar 
 schools, the grade of the primaries has been raised, 
 and the colored school abolished. Three modern 
 buildings have been erected, and two enlarged. Six 
 buildings are now in occupation, with accommoda- 
 tions for 3000 pupils.* The value of school property 
 in 18G0 was $40,000 ; in 1875, $185,000. In addition 
 to the free schools of the city, there are in the town 
 fourteen school districts under the general school law 
 of the State. A free school is also maintained by St. 
 Patrick's Church, to which more extended reference 
 has already been made. 
 
 Private Schools. — Very creditable ])rivate schools 
 have been conducted at different periods. The first 
 of this class, with the exception of that opened by 
 Mr. Spierin, was established by Rev. Jonathan Free- 
 man and Silvanus Haight, April 17, 1802, under the 
 title of Cliosophic Hall. It was a boarding and day 
 school, and was held in the building now No. 169 
 Montgomery Street. Miss Heffernan succeeded Mr. 
 Freeman in 1804, and established the first purely 
 female school. A private school conducted by Robert I 
 Gardner about the same time attracted a fair patron- 
 age. Mrs. DeVendel followed Miss Heffernan in 1820, 
 and subsequently similar schools by the Misses Phil- 
 lips, the Rev. Mr. Raymond, Mr. A. Barker, and 
 others ; one of some note is now conducted by Miss 
 Mackie. Joel Turrill, subsequently distinguished in 
 politics in western New York, had a select school for 
 young men in 1816. Rev. Saml. Phinney, Mr. Alza- 
 mora, and M. L. Domanski had similar schools sub- 
 sequently ; the latter was succeeded by H. S. Banks. 
 A mixed school on Smith Street, known as the New- 
 burgh Institute, was conducted for several years by 
 John J. Brown. In 1858, Mr. W. N. Reid purchased 
 the building erected in 1837 for a boarding-house in 
 <?onnection with the academy, and established a board- 
 
 * The South Street building was erected in 1866, and cost (Including 
 furniture) S3o,830. The West Newburgli building was erected in 18G7, 
 at a cost of $16,795.60. The Washington Street building was enlarged 
 in 1860 and again in 1873, autl (with original expenditure) cost $25,639.36. 
 The (irand Strei-t building was erected in 1872, at a cost of S)7,072.91. 
 The Clinton Street school was enlarged in 1870, at a cost of S6738.92. 
 The Library building cost $26,000. Total, $147,076.35. 
 
 ing and day school, which he continued a few years. 
 The most prominent of the private schools at the 
 present time (1880) is that established by Prof. H. W. 
 Siglar in 1863, and known as the " Newburgh Insti- 
 tute." It occupies the stone school building erected 
 some years since on the theological seminary prop- 
 ty, and first occupied by Mr. Saunders. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 
 
 Ncwburtjli Library Association. — The Newburgh 
 Library Association was organized December, 1835, 
 by stock subscriptions. A. J. Downing, Abm. M. 
 Smith, John W. Knevels, J. J. Monell, M. V. B. 
 Fowler, D. G. Leonard, and Alfred Post were the first 
 trustees. A. J. Downing, president; Alfred Post, 
 treasurer; Charles U. Cushman, librarian. The first 
 books held by the association were donated to it by 
 individuals. Subsequently funds were raised by fairs. 
 In 1838 a regatta for the benefit of the library yielded 
 S300; and during the same year Abm. M. Smith, by 
 will, gave 8500 to the association. It continued in 
 existence until 1847, when it was united with the 
 Mechanics' Library Association. 
 
 Ncirburfjh Mechanics' Library Association. — This 
 association was organized Nov. 27, 1838, by the joint 
 exertions of a few individuals who felt deeply the 
 necessity for an institution which should combine the 
 advantages of a well-selected library with that of a 
 debating society. A plan of organization having 
 been agreed upon, a meeting of the mechanics of the 
 village was called at Nicholson's Hotel, on Wednesday 
 evening, December 5th. At this meeting, which was 
 well attended, a constitution was adopted and officers 
 for the association elected. 
 
 The minutes ot the association date from Dec. 4, 
 1839 ; hence the names of its first officers do not ap- 
 pear. The officers elected in 1839 were as follows : 
 President, Miles Warren ; Vice-Presidents, Charles 
 U. Cushman, D. H. Barclay; Recording Secretary, 
 John R. Wiltsie ; Corresponding Secretary, John 
 Caughey ; Librarians, Robert Sterling, John Little, 
 Jr. ; Treasurer, John B. Jamison ; Executive Com- 
 mittee, Robert Sterling, John Filkins, E. G. Woolsey, 
 C. S. Russell, James S. Young. 
 
 March 29, 1842, the association was incorijorated, 
 by an act of the Legislature, under the name of the 
 " Newburgh Mechanics' Library Association," for the 
 ■' purpose of establishing and maintaining a library, 
 reading-room, literary and scientific lectures, and 
 other means of promoting the moral, intellectual, and 
 mechanical improvement" of its members. 
 
 The association established its first course of public 
 lectures Jan. 5, 1846, and continued them annually 
 until 1858. The library of the association was col- 
 lected by the contribution of books, and by purchases 
 made from the proceeds of several fairs. Sept. 23, 
 1847, an arrangement was effected with the stock- 
 holders of the Newburgh Library, by which the books 
 and property of the association were transferred to 
 
326 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 the Mechanics'. This arrangement established a 
 library of upwards of 3000 volumes, which was con- 
 tinued until 1S6], when, public attention having been 
 called to the subject in a series of articles in the Xeics, 
 it was, by the unanimous concurrence of the members, 
 united with the school library and the foundation of 
 the present free library established. 
 
 Newburgh Free Library. — By the act establishing 
 the present system of free schools, the several school 
 district libraries of the village were consolidated, and 
 a single library established. The collection embraced 
 some 2000 volumes, principally standard works. By 
 subsequent purchases the number was increased to 
 about 5000. In 1861 a union was effected with the 
 Mechanics' Library Association, by which a material 
 addition was secured, and in 1865, by an amendment 
 to the free school law, the library thus formed became 
 the Newburgh Free Library, with ])ower in the Board 
 of Education to provide for its maintenance by tax. 
 During the year 1860 a very neat library building was 
 erected, on Grand Street, by the Board of Education, 
 and was occupied until its removal in 1874. The 
 present commodious building was erected in 1876. 
 
 In addition to the public libraries named, there are 
 in the town fourteen school district libraries; and the 
 Sunday-school libraries of the several churches prob- 
 ably embrace not less than 6000 volumes. The library j 
 of the Theological Seminary, embracing some 3600 
 volumes, is also located here. A small library in con- 
 nection with St. Patrick's Church has been referred 
 to elsewhere. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The present (1880) newspapers of the city are the 
 yewburgh Register, daily and weekly, and the New- 
 burgh Journal, daily and weekly. The history of 
 their predecessors is embraced in the general history 
 of the press of the county. 
 
 LITERARY, RELIGIOUS, AND BENEVOLENT SOCIE- 
 TIES. 
 
 Newburgh Lyceum of the Natural Sciences. — This 
 society was organized Sept. 7, 1824, and had an active ' 
 existence for several years. Its officers were as 
 follows: President, William Ross; Vice-Presidents, 
 David R. Arnell, Albert Christie, A. M. Smith, S. R. 
 Betts, David Fowler ; Corresponding Secretaries, Jas. 
 R. Wilson, Luther Halsey, Jr. ; Treasurer, William 
 Seymour ; Curators, John T. Halsey, John Johnston, 
 George Gordon. 
 
 Newburgh Lyceum Association. — The first meeting 
 in reference to the organization of the Newburgh 
 Lyceum was held in the high school on the evening 
 of Dec. 18, 1837, when a committee, of which Rev. 
 Dr. Johnston was chairman, was appointed to confer ' 
 with leading citizens on the subject. At a meeting 
 held on the evening of the 20th, Dr. Johnston made 
 a favorable report. A constitution and by-laws were 
 .submitted by S. W. Eager, N. S. Prime, J. W. Knevels, 
 Samuel Phinney, A. J. Downing, Victor M. Watkins, 
 
 James H. Perry, A. B. Belknap, and John J. Monell, 
 committee, which was adopted. The first lecture be- 
 fore the a.ssociation was delivered by Rev. N. S. Prime, 
 Dec. 27, 1837. An annual course was maintained 
 until 1844 or 1845. 
 
 Nrirburgh Historical Society. — This society was or- 
 ganized in February, 1845, by Rev. John Forsyth, 
 Rev. A. B. Van Zandt, Samuel W. Eager, Peter F. 
 Hunn, G. C. Monell, A. J. Prime, M. Stevenson, and 
 other gentlemen. At its first meeting Rev. Dr. For- 
 syth was elected president ; Dr. A. J. Prime, secre- 
 tary ; and Dr. M. Stevenson, S. W. Eager, and P. F. 
 Hunn, curators. The society had an active existence 
 for about two years, during which time a considerable 
 collection of manuscripts, coins, minerals, etc., was 
 made, now mainly |jrcserved at Washington's head- 
 quarters. 
 
 Young Men's Afutua/ Lnprovement Society. — This so- 
 ciety was organized Nov. 20, 1840, by David C. Ring- 
 land, Jno. K. Lawson, Cieo. W. Clarke, and other 
 young men, who took an interest in it, but were de- 
 barred from participation in the debates instituted by 
 the Mechanics' Library Association. The society at- 
 tained considerable strength and accumulated a library 
 of about 600 volumes, but after a year or two disbanded 
 and transferred its books to the Mechanics. 
 
 Newburgh Sabbath-School Society. — This society was 
 formed in 1816. It was one of the first agencies em- 
 ployed to awaken an interest in Sabbath-schools, and 
 to promote their establishment in connection with the 
 several churches. A union Sabbath-school was con- 
 ducted for several yeai-s under its auspices in the 
 session-room of the First Presbyterian church. The 
 society continued in existence until the object had 
 in view by its founders was accomplished. 
 
 Newburgh Bible Society. — This society was organized 
 Sept. 0, 1818, at a meeting held in the First Presby- 
 terian church, W'hen a constitution was adopted and 
 the following officers elected, viz. : Jonas Storey, 
 president ; Isaac Belknap and Jos. Clark, vice-presi- 
 dents ; Rev. John Johnston, corresponding secretary; 
 Charles Miller, recording secretary; Benj. F. Lewis, 
 treasurer. It still has an active existence. 
 
 Newburgh Mission Society. — The Newburgh Mission 
 Society, for " aiding missions in tlie ])ropagation of 
 the gospel," was organized in 1823, and continued in 
 existence for several years. 
 
 Young Men's Chrintian Association. — The first asso- 
 ciation of this character was organized Sept. 15, 1858, 
 Arthur Potts, president. The present association is 
 its successor. 
 
 Newburgh Home for the Friendless. — This institution 
 was organized in the autumn of 1861, at a meeting of 
 ladies connected with the several churches, under the 
 title of the Newburgh Union Female Guardian So- 
 ciety. At the meeting of the Legislature in 1862 the 
 society was incorporated by special act under the 
 title which it now bears!^ Its object is to provide a 
 home for "friendless or destitute girls under fourteen 
 
NEWBUllGH. 
 
 327 
 
 and over three years of age, and boys under ten and 
 over three years, until permanent homes can be se- 
 cured for them by adoption or otherwise." The 
 Home was organized in tlie building on the northwest 
 corner of Grand and Clinton Streets. In 1864 the 
 academy boanling-honse building was purchased, and 
 has since been devoted to that purpose. Its cost was 
 about $8700, which was principally obtained from 
 subscriptions. In 1866, from constitution as residuary 
 legatee of Lewis Jennings, a fund of $13,097.77 was 
 secured, the income from which, with the addition of 
 subscriptions, has hitherto been sufficient to meet the 
 annual expenditures. 
 
 Sf. Lute's Home and Hospital. — This institution was 
 formally organized by the adoption of constitution, 
 Nov. 4, 1874. The firet board of managers was elected 
 on the 11th of the same month, viz. : Mrs. Haslit Mc- 
 Kim, president; Mrs. Smith Ely, vice-president ; Mrs. 
 John L. Rogers, secretary ; Miss .Tulia E. LeRoy, treas- 
 urer. Soon after organization a house was leased on 
 DuBois Street, and has since been occupied. The ob- 
 ject of the institution is "to provide a home for the 
 aged, the indigent, and the infirm, and a hospital for 
 the sick." 
 
 New England Society. — This society was organized 
 February, 1867 (Daniel B. St. John, president), and 
 has since held annual festivals. 
 
 MfMonic. — The first Masonic lodge in this section of 
 the State was called American Union Lodge. It was 
 organized under a traveling dispensation, and usually 
 accompanied the headquarters of the ariliy. The first 
 located lodge in Newburgh was Steuben Lodge, No. 
 18. Its history, as well as that of its immediate suc- 
 cessor, has been given elsewhere. In 1853 (June 
 11th) Newburgh Lodge, No. 309, was constituted; 
 Hudson River Lodge, No. 607, was constituted June 
 11, 1866 ; Highland Chapter, No. 52, R. A. M., Feb. 
 10, 1864; King Solomoa's Council, No. 31, Feb. 4, 
 1868; Hudson River Comraandery, K. T., Sept. 27, 
 1865 ; Adonai Grand Lodge of Perfection, 1872. 
 
 Odd-Felloirs. — The following are the organizations 
 of this order, viz. : Highland Lodge, No. 65, instituted 
 1842; Bismarck Lodge, No. 420 (German); Acme 
 Lodge, No. 469; Mount Olive Encampment, No. 69; 
 Daughters of Rebecca, Van Nort Degree, No. 12. 
 
 Temperance Societies. — Three divisions of the Sons 
 of Temperance — viz. : Orange, Quassaick, and Frater- 
 nal — were organized prior to 1858 ; also, Avoca Tent of 
 Rechabites, a .social union of the order introduced by 
 Col. E. L. Snow ; a section of the Cadets of Temper- 
 ance ; and a tent of Good Templars. They all failed 
 after a few years' continuance, and their places are 
 now supplied by Mission Lodge, No. 639, Newburgh 
 Lodge, No. 282, Union Lodge, No. 114, and Orange 
 County Lodge, No. 38, Good Templars; St. Patrick's 
 T. A. B. Society, and St. Mary's T. A. B. Society. 
 
 Benevolent Societies. — O'Connell Benevolent Asso- 
 ciation, Newburgh Branch of American Society for 
 Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Newburgh Bible 
 
 Depository, Newburgh Society for Improving the 
 Condition of the Poor. 
 
 Jewish Societies. — Eliezer Lodge, No. 115, 1. 0. B. B. ; 
 Maccabee Lodge, No. 22, A. I. O. K. S. B. 
 
 Orand Armi/.— Post Ellis, No. 52, G. A. R. 
 
 MusiciiL — German Manner-Chorand the Newburgh 
 Choral Society, the latter organized April, 1877. 
 
 Knights of Pythias. — Storm-King Lodge, No. 11. 
 
 United Americans. — Newburgh Council, No. 58. 
 
 Tiirn-Verein. — Newburgh Turn-Verein (German). 
 
 Xrwburr/h Bay Horticultural Society. — Organized 
 February, 1862. (See Horticultural Society.) 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 The oldest cemetery is that generally known as " The 
 Old Town Cemetery," on Grand Street in the city. 
 It was probably used by the Palatine settlers from the 
 time of the erection on a part of the plot of the first 
 church (the Lutheran). The cemeteries at Middle- 
 hope and Gardnertown are next in the order of time, 
 St. George's the fourth, St. Patrick's the fifth, Big 
 Rock the .sixth, Woodlawn the seventh, and Cedar 
 Hill the eighth. Big Rock has been practically aban- 
 doned and the remains therein removed to Woodlawn, 
 which, though a Newburgh undertaking, is located in 
 New Windsor. St. George's is under the charge of 
 St. George's Episcopal Church, and St. Patrick's is 
 under the charge of St. Patrick's Roman Catholic 
 Church. Cedar Hill Cemetery is at North New- 
 burgh. 
 
 XVI.-CIVIL LIST. 
 PRECINCT AXD TOWN OFFICERS. 
 
 1763. — Samuel Sanrts, clerk; Capt. Jonathan Hasbrouck, supervisor; 
 Richard Barker, Jesse "Windfield, Samuel Wiatt, assessors; David 
 Gidney, constable; Henry Smith, collector; Joseph Gidney, Benja- 
 min Woolsey, poor-mastera ; John McCrary, John Wandal, Burras 
 Holmes, Isaac Fowler, Humphrey Merritt, path-masters; Nathan 
 Purdy, Isaac Fowler, fence-viewei-s and appraisers of damages. 
 
 1764. — Samuel Sande, clerk ; Lewis DilBois, supervisor; Nehemiah Den- 
 ton, Henry Tarbush, Peter Ostrander, assessors; Samuel Winslow, 
 constable and collector; Daniel Thurston, Michael Demott, poor- 
 masters; Cornelius Wood, Martin Weygant, Leonard Smith, Ileury 
 Smith, Sr., Gilbert Denton, Edward Hallock, Benjamin Carpenter, 
 path-masters; Samuel Sprague, Henry Smith, Jehiel Clark, David 
 Purdy, Isaac Fowler, pound-masters. 
 
 1778. — The town officers subscribed the following oath : "We do, that is 
 we, the subscribers, solemnly swear and declare, in the presence of 
 .\lmighty God, that we will bear true faith and allegiance to the 
 Stiite of New York, as a free and independent State ; and that we 
 will in all things, to the best of our knowledge and ability, do our 
 duty as good subjects of the said State ought to do, — so help us God.'* 
 .Signed — Thomas Palmer, Isaac Belknap, Joseph Coleman, Jacob 
 Lawrence, Cornelius Hasbiouck, Benjamin Birdsall, David Hand- 
 more, Samuel Stratton. 
 
 1785, — Benjamin Birdsall. moderator; Daniel Birdsall, clerk; Thomas 
 Palmer, supervisor; Eichard Wood, constable ; John Belknap, secu- 
 rity; Joseph Bloomer and John Gerow, evidences; John Belknap, 
 Samuel Stratton, Reuben Tooker, Josejih Coleman, Robert Ross, 
 assessors; Daniel Hudson, Benjamin Birdsall, poor-masters; Capt. 
 Isaac Fowler, Isaac Fowler, Jr., Joseph Sherwood, William Codding- 
 ton, John Fowler, commissioners of roads; Martin Weygant, David 
 Gue, David Belknap, Arthur Smith, pound-masters; Martin Wey- 
 gant, Abel Belknap, William Lawrence, committee to settle with 
 overseers of poor; John Robinson, Abel Belknap, Robert Waugh, 
 George Gardner, Robert Carscadijen, Maj. Pettingale, Silas Gardner, 
 James Lyons, Samuel Giiggs, Theophilus Mushier, Samuel Divine, 
 
328 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW. YORK. 
 
 Willitim Coiikling, Arthur Sinitli, Johannes Cosnian, Johannes 
 Suyiler. .lolin Stratton, John Thomas, William Cope, George Merritt, 
 John KnifTon. iiath-uiastei"«. 
 
 TOWN SUPERVISORS. 
 
 1763, Jonathan llasbnmck ; 17G4, Lewis DuBois; 1765, John Waudal ; 
 1766, Benjannti Carpenter; 1767, Lewis DuBois; 1768, Kdwaril Hal- 
 lock ; 1760-71, Latting Carpenter; 1772, Jonathan Hasbiouck ; 1773, 
 John Flewwelliug; 1774, Samuel Fowler; 1775, Wolvert Acker; 
 1776, Morris Flewwelling: 1777-80, Wolvert Acker; 1781-86, Thos. 
 Palmer; 1787-88, John Robinson; 1789, Isaac Fowler. Jr. ; 1790-91, 
 John Robinson; 1792-95, Isaac Fowler; 1796-1S07, Reuben Tooker; 
 1808, Isaac Belknap, Jr.; 1809-10, William Ross; 1:^11, Jonathan 
 risk ; 1812-18, Leonard Smith ; 1819-20, Daniel Tooker ; 1822, Leon- 
 ard Smith; 1823, William Wear, Jr.; 1824-31, William Walsh ; 1832 
 -33, Robert Lawson; 1834, William Walsh; 1835-36, James G. Clin- 
 ton ; 1837, Daniel Tooker ; 1838, David W. Bate; 1839, Jackson Oak- 
 ley ; 1840-44, David W. Bate; 1842, John W.Brown ; 1843^6, David 
 W Bate; 1847-49, Odell S. Hathaway; 1850, Enoch Carter; 1851, 
 Odell S. Hathaway ; 1852, Enoch Carter; 1853, Samuel J, Farnum; 
 1854, Henry Walsh; 1855, Stephen W. Fulleiton; 1856, Odell S. 
 Hathaway; 1857, Albert Noe ; 1858, Enoch Carter; 1S59-60, Albert 
 Noe; 1861-63, Odell S. Hathaway; 1864, William H. Beede; 1865, 
 (Jeo. W. Underbill; 1866, C. Gilbert Fowler; 1867-70, Nathaniel 
 Barnes, Jr. ; 1871-76, John W. Bushfield; 1878-80, Henry P. Clau- 
 son. 
 
 CITY SUPERVISORS. 
 
 1866, James R. Dickson, Ezra Farringtou, John C. Adams, Jackson Oak- 
 ley; 1867, Chancey M. Leonard, Ezra Farriiigton, James E. Horton, 
 Jackson Oakley; 1868, James R. Diikeon, Ezra Farrington, James 
 
 E. Horton, Jackson Oakley ; 1869, Patrick Brennan. George Lawson, 
 William G. Straclian, Lewis C. Vernol ; 1870, Patrick Brennan, 
 George Lawson, James B. Beveridge, Lewis C. Vernol ; 1871, Patrick 
 Brennan, Henry F. Travis, Alexamler Leslie, Jackson Oakley; 1872, 
 Patrick Brennan, Andrew Johnson, Daniel S. Waring, Jackson Oak- 
 ley ; 1873, Patrick Brennan, Andrew Johnson, Isaac C. Chapman, 
 David D. Leon ; 1874, Patrick Brennan, Andrew Johnson, Daniel S. 
 Waring, Daviil D. Leon; 1875, Patrick Brennan, H. M. Ilireliberg, 
 Daniel S. Waring, Jolm Miller; 1876, Patrick Brennan, Jacob 
 Tremper,* Daniel S. Waring, John Miller; 1877, Patrick Brennan, 
 Alexander Withers, Daniel S. Waring, Jolm Miller; 187S, Patrick 
 Brennan, Ale.\. J. Withers, Daniel S. Waring, George Moshier ; 
 1879, Jonathan Taylor, John A. Mason, Dai.it-l S. Waring, George 
 Moshier. 
 
 COMMISSIONERS OF ALMSHOl SK f 
 1853.— Davi.l W. Bate, president; David H. Barclay, Thom.is M. Roe, C. 
 
 F. Belknap, S. W. FuUerton. L. B. Gregory ; W. C. MilK-i', sn| crin- 
 tendent (serveil utitil 1S67). 
 
 1854.— David W. Bate, president ; Henry Wyckoif, David H. Barclay, S. 
 W. Fnllerton, E. A. Brewster, Alfred Post. 
 
 1855. — Henry Wyckoff, president ; David H. Barclay, Tliomas H. Roe, 
 C. F. Belknap, S. W Fullerton, L. B. Gregiuy. 
 
 1856.— C.F. Belknap, president; Thomas H. Roe, L. B. Gregory, S. W. 
 Fullerton, Isaac Wood, Sr. 
 
 1857. — Thomas H. Roe, president ; Oliver Belknap, L. B. Gregory, Enoch 
 Carter, Isaac Wood, Sr. 
 
 1858. — Thomas George, president; Enoch Carter, James Belknap, Isaac 
 Wood, Sr., James H. Mallery, Oliver Belknap. 
 
 1859. — Tliomas George, president; Oliver Belknap, James Belknap, 
 Enoch Carter, George C. Spencer, William H. Beede. 
 
 1860. — Thomas George, president; James Belknap, George C.Spencer, 
 William H. Beede, Enoch Carter, Charles S. Lockwood. 
 
 1861.- Thomas George, president; Enoch Carter, William U. Beede, 
 George C. Spencer, Charles S. Lockwood, Ezra Farrington. 
 
 1862. — Thomas George, president; Enoch Carter, Ezra Farrington, Chas. 
 S. Lockwood, William H. Beede, David E. Fowler. 
 
 1863.— Thomas George, Enoch Carter, Ezra Farrington, Charles S. Lock- 
 wood, William II. Beede, David E. Fowler. 
 
 1864. — Thomas George, Enoch Carter, George Clark, Charles S. Lock- 
 wood, Ezra Farrington, William H. Beede. 
 
 1865.— Charles S. Lockwood, Ezra Farrington, Tliomas George, George 
 Clark, Enoch Carter, AVilliam H. Beede. 
 
 * Died. Gen. W.R. Brown appointed. 
 
 f Under the act "for the better support of the poor of the Town of 
 Newburgh," passed March 23, 185^, and the act incorporating the city 
 of Newburgh, passed April 22, 1865. 
 
 1866. — Ezra Farrington, Thomas George, George Clark, Enoch Carter, 
 John Little, Chancey M. Leonard. 
 
 1867. — Ezra Farrington, Thomas George, John Little, Chancey M. Leon- 
 ard— ciiy; John S. Purdy,I. Belknap — town. L. I. Wynans, super- 
 intendent. 
 
 1868.— Cornelius McLean, William C. Noble, Ezra Farrington, William 
 L. F. Warren— city; John S. Purdy, Wm. H. Beede— town. Mac- 
 Leod Rogers, superintendent. 
 
 1869.— Cornelius McLean, William C. Noble, Ezra Farrington, W. L. F. 
 Warren — city; John H. Bond, John S. Purdy — town. 
 
 1870.— Ezra Farrington, Enoch Carter, Cornelius McLean, Wm. L. F. 
 Warren — city; John H. Bond, John S. Purdy — town. 
 
 1871. — Enoch Carter, Cornelius McLean, Wm. E. Smiley, L. B. Halsey — 
 city ; Jolui H. Bond, John S. Purdy — town. 
 
 1872.— William E. Smiley, David F. B. Coreon, Cornelius McLean, L. B. 
 Halsey — city; John II. Bond, John S. Purdy — town. 
 
 1873. — David Carson, president; L. B. Halsey, Cornelius McLean, W^m. 
 E. Smiley — city ; John H. Bond, Wm. D. Barns, Jr.— town. Wm.H. 
 June, superintendent. 
 
 1874— Thomas S. McAlles, David Carlson, John L. Sloat, Gavin R. Mc- 
 Gregor — city ; John H. Bond, Wm. D. Barns — town. 
 
 1875. — Thomas S. McAllee, president: David Carson, John L. Sloat, Gavin 
 R. McGregor — city; John Birdsall, Wm. 1>. Barns — town. 
 
 1876. — Thomas S. McAlles.J president ; Jtdiu L. Sloat, Thomas J. Bannon, 
 Gavin R. McGregor — city; John Birdsall, Wm. D. Barns — town, 
 
 1877. — John L. Sloat, president; Gavin R. McGregor, Thomas J. Bannon, 
 James W. Taylor — city; John Birdsall, Wm D. Barns — town. 
 
 1878. — William D. Barns, president; Gavin R. McGregor, Thomas J. 
 Banuoii, James W. Taylor, Charles J. Lawson — uity ; John Birdsall, 
 Wm. D. Barns, town. 
 
 1879. — James W'. Taylor, president; James W.Taylor, Charles J. Lawson, 
 Gavin R. McGregor, Thomas J. Bannon — city; John Birdsall, Alex. 
 Beattie, town. 
 
 VILLAGE AND CITY OFFICERS. 
 BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 
 
 1804.— Hugh Walsh, George Mo n ell, Jacob Powell, William H. Smith, 
 
 Hugh Spier, John Mandevill, Solomon Sleight. George Monell, 
 
 president. 
 IS05.— George Monell, Charles Clinton, Hugh Walsh, Hugh Spier, Jacob 
 
 Powell, Solomon Sleight, John Mandevill. Geo. Monell, president. 
 1806. — Isaac Belknap, Jr., Leonard Carpenter, John Mandevill, Samuel 
 
 Downing, John Anderson, Jr., Jonathan Hedges, Alex. Denuislon. 
 
 Isaac Belknap, Jr., president, Charles Clinton, clerk. 
 1807.— Hiram Weller, George Monell, Jacob Powell, John McAuley, 
 
 Daniel Stringham, Hugh Spier, William Taylor. George Monell, 
 
 president. William Taylor, clerk. 
 1808.— George Monell, Hiram Weller, John McAuley, William Taylor, 
 
 Jacob Powell, Daniel Stringham, Hugh Spier. George Monell, 
 
 president. William Taylor, clerk. 
 1809.— Jacob Powell, Edmund Giiswold, Jonathan Hedges, Hugh Spier, 
 
 Selah Reeve, George Monell, William Ross. George Monell, presi- 
 dent. Wm. Ross, clerk. 
 1810. — Jacob Powell, Selah Reeve, Jonathan Fiek, John D. Lawson, John 
 
 Mandevill, James Hamilton, John Chambers. James Hamilton, 
 
 president. Aaron Belknap, clerk. 
 1811.— Jacob Powell, George Monell, Seth Belknap, Jonathan Fisk, 
 
 Isaac Belknap, Jr., William H. Smith, John Chambers. Jonathan 
 
 Fisk, president. Aaron Belknap, clerk. 
 1812.— Jonathan Fisk, Seth Belknap, Jacob Powell, George Monell, 
 
 John Chambers, John Harris, Cadwallader Roe. Jonathan Fisk, 
 
 president. Aaron Belknap, clerk. 
 1813.— Walter Case, Jacob Powell, John Harris, John Chambers, Leonard 
 
 Carpenter, James Hamilton, John D. Lawson. Walter Case, presi- 
 dent. Aaron Belknap, clerk. 
 1814.— Walter Case, Jacob Powell, John Chambers, John D. Lawson, 
 
 John Harris, Leonard Carpenter, William Rosa. Walter Case, presi- 
 dent. Aaron Belknap, clerk. 
 1815.— Walter Case, Jacob Powell, John Chambers, John Harris, John 
 
 D. Lawson, Leonard Carpenter, Solomon Sleight. Walter Case, 
 
 president. David W. Bate, clerk. 
 1816.— Isaac Belknap, Francis Crawford, John Anderson, Jr., Jonathan 
 
 Carter, Levi Dodge, Samuel Downing, Henry Walsh. Francis 
 
 Crawford, president. Nathan C. Sayre, clerk. 
 
 X Died in December. James W. Taylor appointed to fill vacancy. 
 
NEW BURGH. 
 
 329 
 
 1817.— Francis Crawford, Thomtis Phillips, Jr., Benoni H. Howell,* Isaac 
 Belknap, John Anderaou, Jr., William Walsli, Samuel Downing. 
 Francis Crawford, president. M. R. Griewold, clerk. 
 1818. — Francis Crawford, Thomas Phillips, Jr., Benjamin Case, Jr., 
 Selah Keeve, William L. Smith, Jacob Carpenter, Jonathan Hedges. 
 Selah Keeve, president, M. U. Giis\Yold, clerk.f 
 1819.— Selah Reeve, Thomas Phillips, Jr., William L.Smith, Jonathan 
 Hedges, Siiniuel Williams, Wni. Seymour, Isaac Belknap. Selah 
 Reeve, president. M. K. Giiswold, clerk. 
 1820.— Selah Reeve, Isaac Belknap, Thomas Phillips, Jr., Samuel Wil- 
 liams, Jonathan Hedges, Wm. Seymour, Wm. L. Smith. Selah 
 Reeve, president. M. R. Gri-swold, clerk. 
 1821.— Sehih Reeve, Jonathan Hedges, Samuel Williams, Thomas Phillips, 
 Jr.. Isaac Belknap, Wm. L. Smith, Francis Crawford. Selah Reeve, 
 president. John W. Brown, clerk. 
 1822. — Francis Crawford, Samuel Williams, Isaac Belknap, Thomas 
 Phillips, Jr., W' m. L. .Smith, Alex. Falls, Jonathan Hedges. Francis 
 Crawford, president. John W. Brown, clerk. 
 1S23.— Francis Crawford, Isaac Belknap, Wm. L. Smith, Saml. Williams, 
 ThoB. Phillips, Jr., John Foi-syth, Alex. Falls. Francis Crawford, 
 president. John W. Brown, clerk. 
 1824.— Francis Crawford, Samuel Williams, Isaac Belknap, Wm. L, Smith, 
 TlioB. Phillips, Jr., John Forsyth, Alex. Falls. Francis Crawford, 
 president. John W. Brown, clerk. 
 1823. — Francis Crawford, president; Isaac Belknap, John Forsyth, Sam- 
 uel Williams, Thom«s Phillips, Jr., William L. Smith, William 
 Walsli. John W. Brown, clerk. 
 1826. — William Walsh, Samviel Williams, John Forsyth, John Ledyard, 
 EoViert Lawson, Ward M. Gazlay, Thomas Phillips, Jr. William 
 Walsh, president. Benj. H. Mace, clerk. 
 1827. — William Walsh, Robert Lawson, Saml. Williams, John Ledyard, 
 John Forsyth, Thos. Phillips, Jr., Joseph Hoflman. William Walsh, 
 president. Benj. H. Mace, clerk. 
 1828. — William WaUh, Samuel Williams, Robert Lawson, John Ledyard, 
 John Forsyth, Joseph Hoffman, Selah Reeve. Robert Lawson, pres- 
 ident. B. U. Mace, clerk. 
 1829. — Selah Reeve, Samuel Williams, Joseph Hoffman, William Walsh, 
 John Ledyard, David Sands, Samuel G. Suedeu. Saml. Williams, 
 president. B. H. Mace, clerk. 
 1830. — John Ledyard, president; Charles A. Johnes, Jackson Oakley, 
 David Sands, David Crawford, Robert Kelley, Benjamin Carpenter. 
 William B. Wright, clerk. 
 1831.— Jackson Oakley, president; Robert Lawson, Benjamin Carpenter, 
 Samuel Williams, David Crawford, Aaron Noyes, Moses H.Belknap. 
 Alex. C. Mulliuer, clerk {served until ISIio). 
 1832. — Moses H. Belknap, president, Robert Lawson, Benjamin Car- 
 penter, Samuel Williams, David Crawford, Aaron Noyes, Jackson 
 Oakley. 
 1833. — Moses H. Belknap, president ; Robert Lawson, Benjamin Car- 
 penter, Samuel Williams, David Crawford, Aaron Noyes, Jackson 
 Oakley. 
 1834. — Moses H. Belknap, president; Sanmel WUliams, Benjamin Car- 
 penter, Christopher Reeve, David Crawford, Eli Hasbrouck, Jackson 
 Oakley. 
 1835.— John Ledyard, president; Minard Harris, William C. Hatbrouck, 
 Samuel Johnson, John Jamison. Samuel J. Farnum, Aaron Noyes. 
 Horace Armstrong, clerk (served until 18:t8). 
 1836. — John Ledyard, president; Minard Harris, William C. Hasbrouck, 
 
 Samuel Johnson, George Reeve, Samuel J. Farnum, Aarou Noyes. 
 1837. — John Ledyard, president; Samuel J. Farnum, William C. Has- 
 brouck, Benjamin Carpenter, Jackson Oakley, David Crawford, 
 Christopher Reeve. 
 1838. — Moses H. Belknap, president; Samuel J. Farnum, William C. 
 
 * Resigned, but resignation not accepted. 
 
 fTlie following singular oath was taken by Griswold on enteringupon 
 his duties: 
 
 "I, Marvin R, Griswold, being chosen Clerk of the Corporation of the 
 Village of Newburgh, do solemnly swear that I will in all things, to the 
 best of my knowledge and ability, execute and iierform the duties en- 
 joined on me, and that I will nut divulge or make public any of the pro- 
 ceedings of the Corporation until the same shall be published by them 
 or their order; nor at any time disclose or discover the votes or opinions 
 of any member of the said body, unless required to give evidence tht-reof 
 in a Court of Justice. [Signed] M. R. Griswold. 
 
 "Sworn and subscribed the 5th day of May, 1818, James Hamilton." 
 22 
 
 Hasbrouck, Benjamin Carpenter, Jackson Oakley, Nathaniel Dubois, 
 Robert Lawson. Solomon Tuthill, clerk (served until 1841). 
 1839.— Moses H. Belknap, president; Samuel J. Farnum, William C. 
 Hasbrouck, Odell S. Hathaway, Jackson Oakley, Nathaniel Dubois, 
 Robert Wardrop. 
 1840. — Moses H. Belknap, president; Samuel J. Farnum, Thornton M. 
 Niven, Odell S. Hathaway, George Cornwell, Nathaniel Dubois, Rob- 
 ert Wardrop. 
 1841.— Moses II. Belknap, president; Samuel J. Farnum, Ebenezer W. 
 Farringtun, Odell S. Hathaway, Benjamin Carpenter, Nathaniel 
 Dubois, Benjamin F. Buckingham. Jackson Oakley, clerk. 
 1842.— Minard Harris, president; William 31. Wiley, Joseph Hoffman, 
 George Reeve, William K. Mailler, Samuel Johnson, Alexander 
 Whigam. S. C. Parmenter, clerk. 
 1843. — Moses H. Belknap, president; Samuel J. Farnum, Joseph Hoff- 
 man, Benj. Tyler, Jefferson Roe, Robert D. Kemp, David W. Gridley. 
 Stephen B. Brophy, clerk. 
 1844.— Moses H. Belknap, president ; Benjamin Tyler, Joseph Hoffman, 
 Ebenezer W. Farrington, Aiknian Spier, Robtrt D. Kemp, Homer 
 Ramsdell. Jackson Oakley, clerk (served until 1847). 
 1845.— Samuel J. Farnum, president; Lewis W. Young, David Crawford, 
 Robert A. Forsyth, William L. F. Warren, Edmund S. Sanxay, Ho- 
 mer Ramsdell. 
 1846. — Samuel .1. Farnum, president; Lewis W. Young, David Crawford, 
 Robert A. Forsyth, M'illiam L. F. Warren, Aiknian Spier, Homer 
 Ramsdell. 
 1S47. — Stimuel J. Farnum. president; Homer Ramsdell, David Crawford, 
 Robert A. Forsyth, Williiim L. F. Warren, Aikman Spier, Wm. P. C. 
 Smith. Peter F. Hunn, clerk. 
 1848.— Sanmel .). Farnum, i»resident; Homer Ramsdell, David Crawford, 
 Robert A. Forsyth, William L. F. Warren, Aiknian Spier, Wm. P. C. 
 Smith. David C. Ringland, clerk. 
 1849.— Samuel J. Farnum, president ; Homer Ramsdell, Lewis W. Young, 
 Robert A. Foisyth, William L. F. Warren, Lewis D. Lockwood, Eli 
 Hasbrouck, Jackson Oakley, clerk. 
 1850.— Samuel J. Farnum, president ; Homer Ramsdell, Lewis W. Young, 
 Robert A. Forsyth, William L. F. Warren, Lewis D. Lockwood, Eli 
 Hasbrouck. Jackson Oakley, clerk. 
 1851. — Samuel J. Farnum, president ; Minard Harris, Homer Ramsdell, 
 Robert Lawson, Henry T. McConn, Thornton M. Niven, Eli Has- 
 brouck. Daniel G. Niven, clerk. 
 1852. — Ebenezer W. Farrington, president; Robert Lawson, Charles 
 Drake, George Gearn, William L. F. Warren, John R. Gorham, Eli 
 Hafibrouck. Charles Halstead, Jr., clerk (served until 1864). 
 1853. — Ebenezer W, Farrington, president; Robert Lawson, Samuel J. 
 Farnum, George Gearn, W'illiam L. F. Warren, John R. Gorham, Eli 
 Hasbrouck. 
 1854.— William L. F. Warren, president; Samuel B. Gregory, Franklin 
 Gerard, James H. Mallory, Edson H. Clark, John R. Gorham, Charles 
 Johnson. 
 1855. — William L. F. Warren, president; John F. Van Nort, Eli Has- 
 brouck, Edwin T. Comstock, William E. Peck, Charles H, Doughty, 
 William H. Callahan. 
 1856. — William L. F. Warren, president; George W. Kerr, Franklin Ge- 
 rard, Edwin T. Comstock, James H. Mallory, Isaac Wood, Jr., Lewis 
 D. Lockwood. 
 1857. — William L. F. Warren, president; Ebenezer W. Farrington, 
 Franklin Gerard, Halsey R.Stevens, Robert Sterling, George Law- 
 son, Michael Doyle. 
 1858. — William L. F. Warren, president; Ebenezer W. Farrington, 
 Edwin T. Comstock, Halsey R. Stevens, Robert Sterling, George 
 Lawson, Michael Doyle. 
 1859. — William L. F. Warren, president; Ebenezer W. Farrington, J. H. 
 H. Chapman, Halsey R. Stevens, Robert Sterling, George Lawson, 
 Michael Doyle. 
 1S60. — William L. F. Warren, president ; Ebenezer W. Farrington, J. U. 
 H. Chapmau, George C. Spencer, Robert Sterling, George Lawson, 
 Michal Doyle. 
 ■ 1861. — Homer Ramsdell, president; Robert Sterling, J. H. H. Chapman, 
 [ Thomas Beveridge, John Lomas, George Lawson, Isaac S. Fowler. 
 
 I 1862.— Robert Sterling, president; Thomas Beveridge, J. H. H. Chap- 
 I man. Homer Ramsdell, John Lomas, Hugh McCutcheon, Isaac S 
 
 I Fowler. 
 
 1863.- Robert Sterling, president; Thomas Beveridge, J. H. H. Chap- 
 man, Homer Ramsdell, John Lomas, Cornelius McLean, Isaac S. 
 ! Fowler. 
 
 1864. — William L.F.Warren, president; David Moore, Benjamin B. 
 
330 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, ijiEW YORK. 
 
 Odull, James Bigler, Cbarles Root, Robert A. Fors.vth, Lewis Jen- 
 nings. Cliarles B. Royce, clerlt (served until 1806). 
 1365. — David Moore, president; James Bigler, Benjamin B. Odell, Alex- 
 ander Leslie, Charles Root, Edson H. Clark, Jacob Brown. 
 
 MAYORS AND COMMON COUNCIL. 
 
 18G6.— Mayor, George Clark ; Aldermen : First Ward, Daniel A. Rheu- 
 tan, John Lomas; Second Ward, Henry Ross, John Corwin; Third 
 Ward, Edson H. Clark, Benjamin B. Odell; Fourth Ward, James 
 Bigler, James Whitehill. Charles B. Royce, clerk '(served until 
 1870). 
 
 1867. — Mayor, George Clark; Aldermen; First Ward, Daniel A. Rh en- 
 tan, George M. Clapp ; Second Ward, Henry Ross, James H. Phil- 
 lips; Third Ward. Edson H. Clark, Charles Root; Fourth Ward, 
 James Bigler, David Moore. 
 
 1808.— Mayor, George Clark; Aldermen; First Ward, G. M. Clapp, 
 Alexander McCann ; Second Ward, James H. Phillips, William R. 
 Brown; Third Ward, Charles Root, Jonathan N. Weed; Fourth 
 Ward, David Moore, Abram S. Cassedy. 
 
 1869.— -Mayor, Georse Clark ; Aldermen ; First Ward, Alexander Mc- 
 Cann, Gavin R. McGregor; Second Ward, William R. Brown, 
 Francis Boyd ; Third Ward. Jonathan N. Weed, J. J. S. McCroskery ; 
 Fourth Ward, Alexander Caldwell, Jacob Bi-owu. 
 
 1870. — Mayor, Robert Sterling tdeceased ) ; Alexander McCann, presiding 
 officer and acting mayor; Aldermen; First Waid, .Alexander Mc- 
 Cann, Gavin R. McGregor; Second Ward, Klkauah K. Shaw, Francis 
 Boyd; Third Ward, Charles Root, J. J. S. McCroskery; Fourth 
 Ward, Alexander Caldwell, James T. Lawson. Orville M. Smith, 
 clerk (served until 1872). 
 
 1871. — Mayor, William W. Carson; Aldermen: First Ward, Alexander 
 McCauu, William Doyle; Second W'ard, Elkanah K.Shaw, Robert 
 Whitehill ; Tliird Ward, Charles Root, J. J. S. McCroskery ; Fourth 
 Ward, Nathaniel II. Hayt, James T. Lawson. 
 
 1872. — Mayor, Samuel E. Shutes; Aldermen: FirstW'ard, Joseph M. 
 Dickey, William Doyle ; Second Ward, Henry F. Travis, Robert 
 Whitehill ; Third Waid, Edward Haigh, J. J. S. McCroskery ; 
 Fourth Ward, Nathaniel B. Hayt, Robert Kernahan. Daniel J. 
 Coutant, clerk (18S0). 
 
 1873. — Mayor. Samuel E. Shutes; Aldermen: First Ward, Joseph M. 
 Dickey, William Doyle; Second Ward, Heuiy F. Travis, William 
 Cameron; Third Ward, Edward Haigh, John C. Adams; Fourth 
 Ward, Nathaniel B. Hayt, Robert Kernahan. 
 
 1874. — Mayor, Chancey M.Leonard;* Aldermen: First Ward, William 
 Doyle, Hugh llaniiltou; Second Ward, William F. Cameron, John 
 Dotzert; Third Ward, John C. Adams, Grant E. Edgar; Fourth 
 Ward, Nathaniel B. Hayt, Lewis B. Ualsey. 
 
 1875-76. — Mayor, John J. S. BlcCroskel-y ; Aldermen ; First Ward, Wil- 
 liam Doyle, Hugh Hamilton; Second W'ard, William F.Cameron, 
 John Dotzert; Third Ward, John C. Adams, Grant E. Edgar; 
 Fourth Ward, Noah Collaril, Kichard Sterling. 
 
 187C-77.— Mayor, John J. S. BIcCruskery; Aldermen; First Ward, Wil- 
 liam Doyle, Benjamin Clitl; Second Ward, William F. Cameron, 
 John Dotzert; Third Ward, Jolrn C. Adams, Wallace Shoonmaker; 
 Fourth Ward, David S. Lockwood, Richard Sterling (the latter ap- 
 pointed to fill vacancy occasioned by the death of Noah CoUard). I 
 
 1878-79. — Mayor, Charles H.Weygant; Aldermen: First Ward, William 
 Doyle, Benjamin Cliff; Second Ward, James C. Giant, George L. 
 Chadborn; Third Ward, William I. Underbill, Bartholomew B. 
 Moore ; Fourth Ward, James Dickey, Robert Kernahan. 
 
 1879-80. — Mayor, Charles H.Weygant; .\ldermen: First Ward, Benja- 
 min Clifi', Charles J. Embler ; Second Ward, James C Giant, William 
 Chambers; Third Ward, Bartholomew B, Moore, Joseph Van Cleft; 
 Fourth W'ard, Robert Kernalian, Hugh McKissock. 
 
 MEMBERS OF BOARD OF EDDCATION. 
 1862-65, Egbert Alsdorf ; 1852-67, John Bevridge ; 1858-60, Thomas Bev- 
 ridge ; 1858-63, 1867-68, 1873-77, 1880-84, E. A. Brewster ; 185'2-68, 
 Rev. John Brown ; 1855, Jacob Brown ; 1S61, W. H. Callahan ; 1874 
 -77, Robert L. Case ; 1875-77, A. S. Cassedy ; 1865, George M. Clapp; 
 1868-60, George Clark ; 1864-72, 1876-80, John Corwin ; 1856-57, Dr. 
 W. A. M. Culbert ; 1857-59, James R. Dickson; 1876-80, Dr. Smith 
 Ely ; 1864-72, Charles Estabrook ; 1853-77, Rev. John Forsyth ; 1870 
 -80, W. W. Gearn ; 1859-61, Thomas George ; 1852-54, L. B. Gregory ; 
 
 * Mayor Leonard having died Dec. 3, 1874, the president of the Com- 
 mon Council, N. B. Hayt, became acting mayor, in accordance with pro- 
 vision of the city charter. 
 
 1867-70, P. S. Haines; 1871-80, M. H. Hirschberg; 1862-56, Na- 
 thaniel Jones ; 1861-63, Edward R. Johnes ; 185'2-54, George W. Kerr ; 
 1864-67,1873, Thomas Kimball; 1858-61, John K. Lawson; 185'2- 
 57, 1860-62, 1864, D. Gillis Leonard; 1869-71, Chancey M. Leonard; 
 1870-72, John N. Lewis; 1808-73, Cyrus B. Martin; 1803-66,1868- 
 09, Hugh McCutcheou; 1870, Theodore Merritt ; 187'2-75, B. B. 
 Moore; 1852-54, 1865, J. J. Monell ; 186'2-64, William E. Peck; 1852, 
 Charles F. V. Reeve; 1872-75, John Reilly; 18.5-2-57, Thomas C. 
 Ring ; 1806-72, 1875-77, Daniel T. Rogei-s; 1857-64, 1866-69, E. M. 
 Ruttenber; 1856-57, 1850-64, Orville M. Smith ; 1855, John S.Thayer; 
 1861-66, Peter Ward; 1860-58, Samuel W'illiams; 18i;7-74, Nicholas 
 Wilson. President, 1862-57, John Bevridge; 1858-77,. lohn Forsyth; 
 1878-79, A. S. Cassedy ; 1879-80, M. H. Hirschberg. Clerk, 1852-57, 
 Nathaniel Jones; 1852-59, Hugh S. Banks; 1859-63, 1872-80, Dr. R. 
 V. K. Montfort ; 1863-64, E. M. Ruttenber ; 1864-72, Hiram A. Jones. 
 
 WATER COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 With the exception of the commissioners appointed 
 for the construction of the water-works, the duties of 
 water commissioners were discharged by the board of 
 trustees until the adoption of the city cliarter, since 
 which time the following persons have been members 
 of the board of water commissioners: 
 
 1866-71, George Clark; 1866-71, Francis Scott; 1866-69, J. D. Shafer; 
 1809, Robert Sterling; 1869-72, C. M. Leonard; 1869-72, William 
 Wyckofl'; 1870-75, Jolin F. Van Nort; 1871-75, Franklin Gerard; 
 1871-75, Timothy Townsend; 187'2-78, Wm. W. Carson; 1872-77, 
 Samuel G. Kimball; 1875-80, J. H. H. Chapman; 1875-76, E. K. 
 Shaw ; 1875-76, L. M. Smith ; 1876-78, Charles Root ; 1878-82, Wm. 
 O. Mailler; 1870-78, Charles Root; 1870-79, H. B. Beckman ; 1879- 
 83, W. C. Lawson; 1880-84, Frank W. Gerecke. Superintendent, 
 1866, D. T. Rogers ; 1866-69, Leander Clark, Jr. ; 1869-70, N. W. Al- 
 lard; 1870-73, Charles B. Royce; 1873-80, E. C. Boyuton. 
 
 SEALS OF THE VILLAtJE AND CITY OF NEWBURGH. 
 
 The first seal in use by the board of trustees was 
 one previously obtained by the trustees of the fire de- 
 partment. It had for its design a figure 'of Justice, 
 encircled with the words, "Seal of the Trustees of 
 Newburgh." 
 
 The second seal was adopted June 7, 1S19. It is 
 described by Mr. William Rollinson, of New York, 
 by whom it was engraved, as follows : " The figure is 
 a representation of the deity of the Hudson, or a 
 river-god (Aquarius, the water-bearer), according to 
 heathen mythology, pouring forth the river from his 
 urn, and bearing in his right hand an antique rudder 
 of a vessel, as an emblem of the extensive navigation 
 and commerce of the river, and the Hudson is desig- 
 nated by the arms of the State of New York being 
 blazoned upon the rudder, which I believe corresponds 
 with the idea communicated to me." This descrip- 
 tion is rather crude, but it was approved by the board 
 and entered ujjon its minutes. 
 
 The seal of the city of Newburgh was adopted in 
 1866. 
 
 XVII.-MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 Immediately following the war of the Revolution 
 very little attention was given to the militia. The 
 enrollment was of course preserved, and embraced 
 the name of every able-bodied male resident between 
 the ages of sixteen and fifty. After tlie adoption of 
 the Federal Constitution more attention was given to 
 the matter, and prior to 1806 five uniformed militia 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 331 
 
 companies were organized in the regimental district* 
 of which Newbnrgh was a part, viz. : 
 
 1. The Orange Hus-mrs. — This company was organ- 
 ized in 1793. At that time it had its headquarters in 
 the town of Montgomery, but subsequently removed 
 them to Coldenham, in Newburgh. It was organized 
 under the auspices of Josepli Barbour; was for many 
 years under the command of William Wright ; was 
 on duty in 1812, and was again called to the field 
 during the anti-rent troubles in 184(5. It was detached 
 from the Second Regiment of cavalry, Aug. 30, 1844, ' 
 and attached to the Fourteenth (Nineteenth) Regi- I 
 nient, and disbanded in 1863, at which time it was I 
 under the command of William C. Brewster. 
 
 2. Copt. Acker's Company of Curafry. — A company 
 of cavalry was organized under the command of Wil- 
 liam Acker, about the year 1804, and continued in 
 existence until 1837 or 1838. It was composed of \ 
 members residing in the north part of the town and i 
 in the adjoining towns of Ulster, and was in service i 
 on Long Island in 1812-13. Capt. Acker was sue- i 
 ceeded by Nathaniel DuBois, who served for several 
 years. The last captain of the company was Robert 
 D. Mapes, of Marlborough. The uniform of the 
 company consisted of red coats with buff facings and 
 buff pantaloons. 
 
 3. The Republican Blues. — This company was prob- 
 ably formed about the commencement of the present 
 L'cntury. It appears to have been in a very nourish- 
 ing condition in 1807 (when it stood on the roll of the 
 regiment as Company No. 1), and to have continued 
 30 until 1814. It was composed almost entirely of 
 aatives of Ireland or their descendants, and hence 
 (vas familiarly known as the Irish Blues. Very few 
 companies in the State exhibited a more patriotic 
 spirit than did the Blues. In 1807, during the dis- 
 cussions which eventuated in the second war with 
 England, it tendered its services to the Governor to 
 lid in the jiublic defense, and from that time until 
 1812, when it was ordered to Staten Island, it stood 
 ready to take the field. From the time of its organi- 
 zation until 1813 it was under the command of Alex. 
 Denniston.t Its officers in 1809 were Alex. Denniston, 
 captain ; George Gordon, first sergeant ; James Alex- 
 inder, second sergeant ; Paul Stewart, third sergeant; 
 rhomas Kelso, fourth sergeant; William Camack, 
 (irst corporal ; John Kernochan, second corporal ; 
 lames Coleman, third corporal; Isaiah Titus, fourth 
 corporal. From 1813 to 1815 it was under the com- 
 mand of James Hamilton. Its uniform consisted of 
 I blue dress, and caps made in the form of a Roman 
 
 • Several changes have been made in the boundaries of the district, 
 ind tiie regiment has been numbered the 4th, the 14th, and the 19th. 
 
 t In 1812 (Nov. 30th), Capt. Denniston jiroposed the organization of a 
 ;ompanyof volunteers, to gerve for one year or during the wai-, aud suc- 
 :eeded in enlisting about fifty men, who elected Jonathan Gidney cap- 
 «in. The company went to New York, and there formed part of a de- 
 Acbed regiment of riflemen. Denniston was appointed major in tliis i 
 ■egiment, and the vacancy thus created in the captaincy of the Blues 
 vaa filled by James Hamilton. 1 
 
 helmet. The organization of the company was so 
 broken up during the war that its disbandment took 
 j^lace June 3, 181.5, " in consequence of not having a 
 complement of men agreeable to the statute." 
 
 4. Capt. BirdsaU's Company. — The date of the or- 
 ganization of this company cannot now be ascertained. 
 In 1809 it stood on the roll of the regiment as Com- 
 pany No. 2, and was then under the command of the 
 following officers, viz. : Charles Birdsall, captain ; 
 Abel Belknap, first sergeant; John Polhamus, second 
 sergeant ; Jeremiah Albertson, third sergeant ; Briggs 
 Belknap, fourth sergeant; George Marvin, first cor- 
 poral ; William P. Hatch, second corporal; David 
 Sands, third corporal ; Joseph Albertson, fourth cor- 
 poral. These officers served until 1814, when Robert 
 Gardiner was elected lieutenant, and Sylvester Roe 
 ensign. The uniform of the company was the same 
 as that of the Republican Blues, with the exception 
 of the facings of the coat; and, like its contemporary, 
 it was in service on Staten Island in 1812. The same 
 causes which led to the disbandment of the former 
 struck the latter from the roll of the regiment June 
 3, 1815. 
 
 5. Capt. Buttcru'orth's Artillery Co7npany. — This 
 company was organized Nov. 2, 1804, and had its 
 headquarters at the Mcintosh house on Liberty Street. 
 It was first under the command of William Ross, who 
 served as captain until 1810 or 1811, when he was 
 succeeded by Henry Butterworth. Its headquarters 
 were then removed to Balmville, where an artillery 
 house was erected. In 1812, while under the com- 
 mand of Capt. Butterworth, the company was sta- 
 tioned on Staten Island. Positive facts in reference 
 to its subsequent history cannot be obtained, but it is 
 said that Charles Clinton was its captain in 1819 or 
 1820; in 1822, James Kelso, captain; Robert Lock- 
 wood, first lieutenant ;. Gilbert Holmes, ensign ; 1829, 
 John B. Cromwell, captain, and afterwards Thornton 
 M. Niven. As the artillery was embraced in a sepa- 
 rate regiment (of which T. D. Lander was colonel), 
 the roster of the Nineteenth contains very little in 
 reference to this company. 
 
 In addition to the uniformed companies there were 
 three companies of militia, which in 1812 were known 
 as follows, viz.: No. 4, or Capt. Daniel T. Smith's 
 company,— Daniel T. Smith, captain ; Daniel Tooker, 
 first sergeant; Nathaniel Tooker, second sergeant; 
 James Waring, third sergeant ; Henry Cosman, drum- 
 mer. No. 5, or Capt. Seth Belknap's company,— 
 Seth Belknap, captain; Charles Humphrey, first 
 sergeant; Sovreign B. Anderson, second sergeant; 
 James Crawford, third sergeant; William Belknap] 
 fourth sergeant ; Hezekiah Fairchild, first corporal ; 
 James Wayland, second corporal ; Robert Gourlay] 
 third corporal ; John Wood, Jr., fourth corjwral. No! 
 7, or Capt. Falls' company,— William H. Falls, cap- 
 tain; Robert Lawson, lieutenant; James Belknap 
 first sergeant; James M. Gardiner, second sergeant,' 
 William W. Sackett, third sergeant ; Stephen Bel- 
 
332 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 knap, fourth sergeant ; Gilbert W. Crissey, first cor- 
 poral ; Samuel G. Saeden, second corporal ; Gardiner 
 Thompson, thii'd corporal ; Daniel Gidney, fourth cor- 
 poral. These companies were in existence until 1846. 
 In 1817, James Belknap, John W. Brown, and others 
 effected the organization of a company of infantry, 
 subsequently known as the Bell-Button Company. Its 
 first officers were James Belknap, captain ; William 
 Smith, lieutenant; John W. Brown, ensign. In 1822, 
 ^Villiam Smith was captain ; Samuel G. Sueden, lieu- 
 tenant ; and Fred. W. Farnam, ensign. In 1824, 
 Charles Niven, captain ; Thomas Smith, lieutenant ; 
 and E. Ward Farrington, ensign. The uniform of the 
 company consisted of a blue short jacket ornamented 
 with bell-buttons, blue pantaloons, and a cap with 
 ornament and plume. It was disbanded in 1824, and 
 its active members united with the other military 
 associations of the town, viz. : 
 
 1. The Village Guard. — This company was organized 
 in 1822 under the command of Henry B. Myers. Its 
 uniform consisted of a blue cloth coat, white vest and 
 pantaloons, a black stock or cravat, white webbing 
 cross and waist belts, a leather cap trimmed with an 
 armor or scale chain plate, with a black vulture plume 
 and cockade. It preserved its organization until 1846, 
 when it was disbanded under the militia law of that 
 year. The following list of the officers of the com- 
 pany is from the roster of the regiment : 
 
 Date Captaiu. Lieutenaut. Ensign. 
 
 1822 Henry B. Mjors. John D. PLillips. Ezra B. Sweet. 
 
 1825-26... " Nathaniel Vail. " 
 
 1827 " Wm. C. Hasbrouck. David Harris. 
 
 1827 Wm. C. Hasbroucli. Alauson Eandull. " 
 
 1828 " Daviil Harris. Wm. Butterworth. 
 
 1829 " Wm. Butterworth. Odell S. Hathawaj. 
 
 1831-33... " O. S. Hathaway. Walter W. Weed. 
 
 1834-36. ..Odell S. Hathaway. Walter W. Weed. Cyrus S. Hawkins. 
 
 1836 Walter W. Weed. Cyrus S. Hawkins. Tliunias McCullough. 
 
 1839 " Thos. McCullough. Wm. H. Boberson. 
 
 1840 Adam Lilburn. Richard J. Whitney. Charles H. Ball. 
 
 1843 Ricli'd.1. Whitney. Clias. H. Ball. Wm. I. Underbill. 
 
 1844-^6. ..Addison W. Brown. Benj. B. Hawkins. '* 
 
 2. The Neu'buryli Volunteers. — This company was 
 organized Oct. 30, 1824, — John D. Phillips, captain ; 
 John Johnson, lieutenant; and Thomas Smith, en- 
 sign. Its uniform was the same as that adopted by 
 the Village Guard, with the exception of the plume, 
 which was white. It was disbanded under the militia 
 law of 1846, at which time it numbered about seventy 
 muskets. The following list of its officers is from the 
 books of the company : 
 
 Date. Captaiu. Lieutenaut. Ensign. 
 
 1824 John D. Phillips. John Johnson. Thouas Smith. 
 
 1829 '• " Orson Tarbell. 
 
 1830-31. ..John Johnson. Orson Tarbell. John McAuley. 
 
 1831 Cicero A. Gardiner. " " 
 
 1832-33... " '• Oscar Marsh. 
 
 1834-35. ..Oreon Tarbell. Oscar Marsh. Nelson Kelley. 
 
 1836 Oscar Marsh. Nelson Kelley. Alanson Miller. 
 
 1837-38... " Alanson Miller. Muses Camack. 
 
 1839-41... " Adam Lilburn. Selab T. McCoUum. 
 
 1842 " Lewis W.Gardiner. Joseph A. Starr. 
 
 1843 Lewis W. Gardiner. N. P. Emett. ■' 
 
 1844 " John F. Baldwin. Westiake Cannon. 
 
 1846-46... " Westiake Cannon. John S. Wear. 
 
 The operation of the law of 1846 was disastrous to 
 uniformed companies. This law providefl for the 
 organization of only one company in each company 
 district ; and by its rearrangement of the regimental 
 districts confined the Nineteenth to the county of 
 Orange, thereby cutting oif such members of the 
 Newburgh companies as resided in Ulster. The 
 Orange Hussars alone survived the measure. The 
 law of 18-54, however, was more favorable, and led 
 to the organization of five companies, viz. : 
 
 1. The Washington Continental Guard (Co. D). — 
 The organization of this company was perfected by 
 Mr. Robert D. Kemp and nineteen others, Nov. 22, 
 1855. It adopted the Continental uniform of 1780, 
 which was procured at a cost of $3400 ; but was sub- 
 sequently compelled to substitute, on general parade, 
 the regular uniform of the militia. Its original roll 
 embraced the names of forty-two men. Its officers 
 were, — • 
 
 Captains, R. D. Kemp, Isaac Wood, Jr., Michael Doyle, Thos. S. Mar- 
 vel, Jr., Isaac Jenkinson, Isaac M. Martin, James T. Cha^e. 
 
 First Lieutfuantii. George M. Van Nort, Isaac Wood, Jr., Isaac Jenkin- 
 son, Wm. M. Hatliaway, Wm. B. Marvin, Archibald Ferguson, Jas. T. 
 Chase, Geo. W. Hawkins, John S. Terwilliger. 
 
 Second Lieutenants, Isaac Jeukinsou, Michael Doyle, Wm. M. Hatha- 
 way, Wm. B. Marvin, John Bocock, George C. Marvin, George W, Haw- 
 kins, Nathaniel Jackson, John S. Terwilliger, Christian F. Dietzeroth, 
 James F. Niel. 
 
 2. Pincell Corps (Co. E). — The Powell Corps was 
 organized Dec. 1, 1857. Its officers were, — 
 
 Caflaim, J, N. Arnold (1857), Eli H. Evans (1S59), John S. Watts 
 (1860). 
 
 First Limileimnta, Wilson Bruyn, E. J. Rocs, D. A. Mabie, W. II. Tice. 
 
 Second Limtemmtf, E. G. Fowler, W. C. Oakley, W, H, Tice, J. P. 
 Vought, E. D. Hayt. 
 
 3. The Neirburgh Guard (Co. F). — This company 
 was organized Dec. 23, 1858. One of the features in 
 its history was the erection of the monument to Uzal 
 Knapp, at Washington's headquarters, which was in- 
 augurated with )niblic ceremonies on Monday, June 
 18, 1860. The officers of the company were, — 
 
 Captains, John D. Kelly, .Tames A. Bauey, John H. Toohey, Timothy 
 Donoghue, Francis Rose. 
 
 FirH Lieutenants, James O'Neil, John H. Toohey, Patrick Day, Patrick 
 Brennan, Robt. H. Brown, Patrick J. McDonald. 
 
 Second Lieuteiiaittti, Joseph Wilson, Patrick Day, Robt. H. Brown, Pat- 
 rick J. McDonald, Patrick McArdle. 
 
 4. The Parmenter Riflemen (Co. L, subsequently C). 
 — This company was organized in December, 1858, 
 and took its name in honor of the colonel of the regi- 
 ment, Stephen C. Parmenter. Its officers were,^ 
 
 Captains, R. D. Kemp, Egbert Alsdorf, James Smiley, Robt. H. Kerno- 
 cban. 
 
 First Lieutenanls, E. A. Jones, James Smiley, Robt. H. Keruochan, E, 
 J. F. Marsh. 
 
 Second Lieutenants, H. F. Adams, Alex. Mann, J. W. Stevenson, John 
 H. Brooks. 
 
 5. £llis Guard (Co. I). — This company was organ- 
 ized Sept. 12, 1865, and named in honor of Col. A. V. 
 H. Ellis, of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth New 
 York Volunteers. Its officers were, — 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 333 
 
 Ciiptaim, James C. Tiiggart, Saml. MLMJuaiii, David A. Mabie,Jr., Alex. 
 McMeekin, B. B. Muore. 
 
 First Lieutenants, Sylvester Lawsou, B. B. Moore. 
 
 Second Lietiteiiaiils, Saml. McQuaid, W'm. C. Carmicliael, Geo. Wallace, 
 T. J. Collius. 
 
 In 1873 Coiupanie.s C and I were consolidated and 
 the united company named C, under the following 
 officers : B. B. Moore, captain ; E. F. J. Mareh, first 
 lieutenant ; John H. Brooks, second lieutenant. This 
 company alone survived the disintegration caused by 
 the war, but its continuance was for only a short time. 
 
 Companies D, E, F, and L, and a company specially 
 recruited called I, were in the service of the United 
 States as part of the Nineteenth Regiment militia for 
 three mouths from June 4, 1862. In the spring of 
 1861 (June 28th), Company I, Seventy-first Regiment 
 militia, was recruited princijially from the Parmenter 
 Riflemen, Company L, for three months' service, and 
 was in the first battle of Bull Run, where Saml. O. 
 Bond, one of its members, was killed. It was again 
 recruited for three months' service in the Seventy-first 
 in the spring of 1862, and many of its members passed 
 directly from the field into the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth New York Volunteers. Not less than 
 ninety officers of the volunteer service, from colonel 
 to second lieutenant, were drawn from the active and 
 honorary members of the uniformed companies of 
 Newburgh. 
 
 Under the law of 1877 the following companies 
 were organized : 
 
 A Compainj ( Wmhinyion Lifjlit-Guard). — James 
 F. Neil, captain; James P. Barr, first lieutenant; 
 William C. Kemper, second lieutenant. 
 
 B Company (Emmet Guard). — Thomas J. Bannon, 
 captain; John C. Green, first lieutenant; Patrick J. 
 Silk, second lieutenant. 
 
 C C'o7npani/. — William Wilson, captain ; John H. 
 Wells, first lieutenant; , second lieutenant. 
 
 D Compatii) (Neivburgh Guard). — Patrick J. Mc- 
 Donald, captain; William Bartley, first lieutenant; 
 , second lieutenant. 
 
 E Company. — Joseph M. Dickey, captain ; William 
 B. Brokaw, first lieutenant; William H. Smith, second 
 lieutenant. 
 
 These companies compose the Seventeenth Bat- 
 talion N.G.S.N.Y., now under command of Lieut.- 
 Col. and Brevet Col. Edward D. Havt. 
 
 XVIII.-BEBELIilON RECOED. 
 The totals of quotas and credits of the town of New- 
 burgh (then including the city) during the war of the 
 Rebellion were, — 
 
 Quotas under all calls prior to Dec. 19, 1864 12*26 
 
 Quota under the call ot Dec. 19, 1864 122 
 
 1348 
 
 Credits under all calls prior to Dec. 19, 1864 1267 
 
 Credits under the call of Doc. 19, 1864 122 
 
 1379 
 
 On settlement with the State authorities, under the 
 bounty act of 1865, the town was allowed for an ex- 
 cess of 237 years, or for 78 three years' men over the 
 
 quota required, amounting to $47,400, and in the same 
 settlement received $49,800 for bounties. The official 
 record of quotas and the response which was made to 
 them, however, fails to accurately represent the num- 
 ber of men furnished under the several calls, nor are 
 the enlistments prior to July, 1862, entered in the 
 account. The quota under the call of July, 1862, 
 was 470, the number furnished 501. The quota under 
 the call of July. 1863 (draft of October 7th), was 443, 
 which number, with an addition of 50 per cent, (total 
 552), was drawn, of whom 90 commuted, entered the 
 service personally, or furnished substitutes. The total 
 of quotas under the merged calls of July and October, 
 1863, and of February, March, and July, 1864, was 
 756; the number furnished (including 90 credited by 
 draft of 1863), 827, of whom 71 were not credited. 
 The volunteers in the two years' regiments, and in 
 the militia for three months, prior to July, 1862, 
 reached the aggregate of 1078 men. The enlistments, 
 therefore, may be summarized as follows : 
 
 Enlistments prior to July, 1862 1078 
 
 under call of July, 1862 601 
 
 •■ under calls of 1863-64 827 
 
 " under call of December. 1864 122 
 
 showing a total of 2410, an excess of 1033 over the 
 number credited and of 1062 over the quotas required ; 
 or, reducing the enlistments prior to July, 1862, to 
 three years' men and adding the number (78) allowed 
 under the settlement of 1865, an excess over quotas 
 of 518. 
 
 The volunteers recruited in the town were for every 
 branch of the service, but were mainly embraced in 
 the Army of the Potomac. The following general 
 enumeration is from official records : 
 
 Third Kegiment, Co. B 96 
 
 Thirty-sixth Regiment, Co. B 82 
 
 Fifty-.'iixth Regiment, Co. A, B. etc 228 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-Iourth Regiment, Co. A, H, 
 
 etc 223 
 
 One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Regiment, consolidated 
 
 with One Hundred and Seventy-sixth 41 
 
 One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Regiment 166 
 
 Sixty-third Regiment 36 
 
 Ninety-eighth Regiment, Co. C 71 
 
 Seventy-first Regiment Militia, Co. 1, 1861 58 
 
 Seventy-first Regiment Militia, Co. I, 1862 6.5 
 
 Nineteenth Regiment Militia, 1862 357 
 
 Seventh Independent Battery 131 
 
 Fifth Regiment Artillery 11 
 
 Sixth " " 4 
 
 Seventh " " 37 
 
 Fifteenth " " Co. M 16 
 
 Sixteenth " " 10 
 
 Second *' Cavalry 57 
 
 Fifteenth " " Co. 1 72 
 
 Eighteenth Regiment Cavalry 6 
 
 Colored Regiments 56 
 
 Navy 116 
 
 Miscellaneous, including substitutes, etc 471 
 
 Total 2410 
 
 The following list of officers and privates is not sub- 
 mitted as accurate or complete, but as the best that 
 can be prepared without free access to official records. 
 Many names are embraced in it of persons who never 
 had other connection with Newburgh than in filling 
 its quotas for bounties paid. As such it is true they 
 were representatives, but in a higher sense are the 
 representative men to be found in those who were 
 known residents of the town, many of whom counted 
 
334 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 not their lives dear to them iu the terrible struggle. 
 Earnest effort has been made to perfect the record of 
 those who were killed or wounded in battle, or who 
 died of wounds or disease, and if omissions there are 
 in this respect, it is due to the absence of information. 
 Responsibility in this direction has been very keenly 
 appreciated. In many of its details the list is at least 
 semi-official. The record of nanies is of those officially 
 credited to the town, and the accompanying statements 
 are from muster-out rolls. With this explanation the 
 list is submitted. 
 
 Note. — Unless otherwise marked tlie numbers are of infantry regi- 
 ments of volunteers. M indicates uiilitia. 
 
 Abrams, Aaron, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Dec. 13, 1861. 
 
 Aids, Levi, l.'ith Cavalry. 
 
 Abrahams, Abraham, IGCth, call of ,\ugu8t, 1862 ; 9 mouths. 
 
 Anderson, James, Co. I, 19tli M., June 4, 18G2 ; 3 mouths. 
 
 Allen, William L., Jr., Ist U. S. Cavalry, March 1, 1861. 
 
 Astley, George D., 2d (Black Horse) Cavalry, ISCl. 
 
 Astley, Ernest A., 2d (Black Horse) Cavalry, 1861. 
 
 Allen, Henry S.. 7th lud. Bat., Aug. U, 1864. 
 
 Allen, Henry S., 20th. Colored. 
 
 Andrews, Thomas, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years ; 7th Ind. Bat., Jau. 
 2, 1864. 
 
 Anderson, John, Co. B, 36th, Sept. 17, 1862, 3 years ; trans, to 65th. 
 
 Ackley, Uezekiah, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years 
 
 Acheson, Robt., Co. I, 7l8t M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; June, 1862, 3 
 months; re-enl. iu loth Cavalry Jau. 2, 1864. 
 
 Anderson, Edward D., Co.I, 7l3t M., June,1862,3 months; Co. B, 3d, call 
 of August, 1862, 3 years. 
 
 Anderson, William W., Co. E, M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Ackert, Adam, 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Ackerman, Daniel, Co. A, 124th, Aug. 7, 1862, 3 years; wounded May 
 23, 1864 ; died of wounds June 4, 1864 ; entered on " Roll of Honor" 
 as "Eckman, D." 
 
 Alexander, Stephen, lG8th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 Allen, Cornelius S., Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862, 3 years; killed at Gettys- 
 burg, July 2, 1863. 
 
 Allen, Chas. Oscar. 
 
 Allen, Wm. L. 
 
 Ammerman, William W., Co. C, 124th, August, 1862; 3 years. 
 
 Anderson, James H., capt, 168th, Feb. 6, 1863, 9 months; capt., 98th, 
 Feb. 4, 1864; disch. Sept. 17, 1864, for disability. 
 
 Anderson, Charles H., 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Anderson, George L., 168th, Aug. 1, 1862, 9 months; Co. C, 98th, Janu- 
 ary, 1864; 3 years. 
 
 Aldridge, William, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Aldrich, Edward L., 18th Cavalry ; between July and October, 1863. 
 
 Abbott, Wnliam D., corp., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years; disch. in 
 May, 1861, for disability. 
 
 Atwood, Thomas, Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; pro. 1st lieut. Sept. 
 4, 1862; resigned April 24, 1863. 
 
 Armstrong, Bernard, 7th lud. Bat., Aug. 16,1861; died in hospital at 
 Hampton, Va., Sept. 15, 1862. 
 
 Armstrong, Andrew, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 12, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 
 1863. 
 
 Anthony, Wilber I., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 26, 1861. 
 
 Arnott, Charles H., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 .\rnott, A. Wellington, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Alsdoif, Egbert, capt., Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Armstrong, William, 15th Cavalry, Jan. 4, 1864. 
 
 Allwood, Jos. S., Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862, 3 years; killed at Gettys- 
 burg July 2, 1863. 
 
 Allwood, Thomas E., 5Gtli, Sept. 6, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 
 Alsdoi-f, Johannes, 56th, Sept. 1, 1864; 1 year. 
 
 Ayres, John W., 5th Heavy Artillery, Jan. 5, 1864. 
 
 Balfe, William C, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years; served term, and re- 
 enl. in Co. C, 98th, January, 1864; Corp.; pro. sergt. July 1,1865 
 mustered out. 
 
 Bailey, William, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Blair, George F., Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years; seriously wounded 
 at Malvern Hill ; must, out with regiment; re-enl. 80th Regt. (20tli 
 Militia). 
 
 Bakewell, Sidney V., Co. B, 36tli, June 17, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. in 2d 
 
 Vet. Cav., Co. M, December, 186;i ; taken prisoner near Mobile, Ala., 
 
 Nov. 20, 1864, and released April 29, 1805. 
 Brady, John, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years ; lOSth, August, 1862, 
 
 9 months. 
 Barr, James C, Co. B, 36th, June 18, 1861, 2 years ; disch. for disability 
 
 March 28, 1862; 16Sth, August, 1802, 9 months. 
 Baird, Charles K., Co. I, 7l8t M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 Ball, Sherwood, Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862, 3 months ; re-enl. 7th Artil- 
 lery, Battery B, Dec. 15, 1803, 3 years; killed in action. 
 Barr, James C, Co. A, 60th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Barry, Cornelius, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. call of March 
 
 14, 1864. 
 Baker, Charles, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Baker, Charles W., 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 16, 1861, 2 years ; disch. Jan. 26, 
 
 1863. 
 Barnes, Smith F., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 6, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Bailey, Charles H., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. for disability from 
 
 wounds Sept. 1, 1862. 
 Bailey, Walter M., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 24, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Bates, Joshua, 7th lud. Bat., Sept. 23, 1801. 
 
 Babcock, Norman C, 7tl] Ind Bat., 1861; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1803. 
 Baugh, Alphooso M., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months ; 168th, 
 
 call of August, 1862, 9 months ; Co. C, 98th, call of July 18, 1864, 1 
 
 year. 
 Barrett, Daniel J., Co. E, lOtli M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Bradenburgh, Jacob, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Barnes, John, Co. F, 19th M., Juno 4, IS62 ; 3 months. 
 Bradley, Bernard, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 mouths. 
 Barrow, Thomas, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Barrett, Charles, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Barclay, William, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 168th, call of 
 
 August, 1862, 9 months. 
 Blacklaw, James, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Barton, Isaac, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Bradley, George, 7tli (2d) Cav., Nov. 14, 1861. 
 Blair, Samuel H., U.S.N ., "Onward," 1861 ; 5th, August, 1862. 
 Blacklaw, Joselih, U.S.N., 1864. 
 Baker, John A., U.S.N., " San Jacinto," 1803. 
 Barr, Charles, Co. C, 98th, Jauuary, 1804; pro. 1st sergt. May, 1864; 2d 
 
 lieut., 1st Cav. Regt., Nov. 1864 ; killed in action at Wilmington, 
 
 Feb. 20, 1865. 
 Baker, James H., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 17, 1863, 
 Baughan, Charles, 15tli Cav. 
 
 Bailey, Robert C, 10th Art., Dec. 28, 1863; 3 years. 
 Blake, Charles E. G., Co. C, 98th, January, 1864. 
 Bailey, Charles, I68th, August, 1862; 9 mouths. 
 Barrett, James S., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 17, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Baird, Rensselaer D., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 11, 1862, 3 years ; wounded in 
 
 finger May 6, 1864, and taken prisoner; paroled and sent to hospital. 
 Barnhart, Ira, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 11, 1862. 3 years ; disch. Feb. 17, 1863. 
 Bartorbury, William, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Barrett, Samuel, 2d (Harris) Cav., August, 1862; 3 years. 
 Blair, John H., Co. C, 124th, August, 1862,3 years; disch. Feb. 6, 1866, 
 
 for disability from wounds received at Manassas Gap and Fredericks- 
 burg. 
 Barr, James P., S4tli, August, 1862. 
 Banks, Cluirles, Colored, October, 1863. 
 Barton, John C, Raney's Vols., 1864; 1 year. 
 Brady, Hugh, Raney's Vols., 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Bailey, James, 7th Bat., 1864 ; I year. 
 
 Baughan, Robert, 3d New Jersey, killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. 
 Bartley, Jacob, 19th M., 1862; accidentally shot, and died of wounds. 
 Bates, Thomas C, Feb. 28, 1865. 
 Beard, Patrick, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861; 2 years. 
 Benson, James M., Co. B, 36th, June, 1861, 2 years ; disch. Aug. 16, 1862, 
 
 for disability ; re-enl. in r28th. 
 Benjamin, William II., Co. B, 36th, Sept. 15, 1862, 3 years ; trans, to 66th. 
 Bennett, William, Co. B, 66th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Brewer, Henry J., Co. B, 50th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Becket, Isaac, Co. D, 56th, 2 years; 2d lieut., Aug. 16, 1861; 1st lieut., 
 
 Dec. 30, 1862 ; must, out Jan. 27, 1805. 
 Bennet, John S., 1st lieut., 7th Ind. Bat., Aug. 15, 1861 ; resigned Nov. 6, 
 
 1861. 
 Benedict, Augustus A., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Brennan, Patrick, 4th sergt., Co. F, lOtli M., June 4, 1802; 3 months. 
 Brett, Wesley, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 335 
 
 Brewer, Cliarles 11., Corp., Co. L, lOtli M., June 4, 1862_; 3 monthB. 
 
 Brewer, Henry, 7tli (2d) Cav., Aug. 10. 1861. 
 
 Brewer, William, 7lli (2d) Cav., Aug. 10, 1861. 
 
 Belknap, Thomas. U.S.N., " Octorora," 1862. 
 
 Best, Charles, ir.th Art., 1SG4. 
 
 Benton, James, G3il, ISM. 
 
 Brennau, Martin, Co. I, 124th, April 15, 18C4. 
 
 Becroft, Sliiihacl W.. ll'.Stli, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 Beardsley, Truman H., 16Sth, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Bell, Benjamin, 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Bellows, Abraham, Co. A, 124th, July 28, 1862, 3 years; wounded at 
 
 Chancellursville: trans, to V. It. C. 
 Brennan, Lawrence, 168th, August, 1S62; 9 mouths. 
 Benjamin. John I., 2d (Harris) Cavalry, August, 1862; 3 years. 
 Benjamin, Samuel C, 2(i (Harris) Cava!i7, August, 1862; 3 years. 
 Berriger, John, 160th, August, 1SG2. 
 Beattie, Justus, ISSth, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Benjamin, Dewitt, 36th, August, 1862; 3 years. 
 Bell, William J., 15th Cavalry, July, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Berry, James, Raney's Vols., Jul.v, 1864; 1 year. 
 Beaton, William A., Raney's Vols., 1864; 1 year. 
 Bennett, Theodore, 5Gth, 1864; 1 year. 
 Bell, William, Feh. 27, 186,'.. 
 
 Bingham, Samuel H., 3d sergt., May 14, 1861, Co. B, 3d; 2 years. 
 Birdsall, John M., Co. B, 36th, Sept. 23, 1862, 3 years ; trans, to 66th. 
 Birdsall, Archihald, Co. B, 36th, Sept. 1, 1862, 3 years; trans, to 65th. 
 Briggs, Vespasian, Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 Briggs, Joseph, Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862,3 months ; 168th, August, 1862, 
 
 9 months. 
 Birch, William H., 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 20, 1861. 
 Birkens, William, 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 27, 1861, 2 years , re-eul. call ot 
 
 Oct. I7,1.S03. 
 
 Bice, Addise, 7th Ind. Bat., , 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 
 Bishop, Alonzo, Co. D, I9th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Bishop, Cassius M. C, Co. E, Ulth M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 montlis. 
 
 Birdsall, John N., Co. L, 10th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Brinckerhoff, Boardman E., Go. C, 9Sth, January, 1864. 
 
 Birdsley, Smith, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862; 3 years. 
 
 Briggs, George W., Co. C, 124th, August, 1862, 3 years; trans, to navy 
 
 March 29, 1864. 
 Bicknell, Alexander, Met. Guard, August, 1862. 
 Birdsall, George, Feb. 6, 1865. 
 
 Boyd, Duncan W., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years ; must, out with regt. 
 Bond, Samuel 0., Co. I, Tlst M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; killed at Bull 
 
 Run (tirst battle). 
 Brown, Bartley, Co. I, "Ist M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; Co. h, 19th M., 
 
 June 4, 1862, 3 months; , 168th, August, 1862, 9 months. 
 
 Boyd, James, Corp., Co. B, 66th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Booth, David, Co. B, .S6th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Boyd, James H., Co. C, 66th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re.enl. call of March 
 
 14, 1864. 
 Brown, Nathaniel B., 7th Ind. Bat, Aug. 16, 1861. 
 Brown, Morgan L., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 19, 1861; died in hospital at New 
 
 York, Oct. 20, 180:i. 
 Bowen, George L., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 21, 1861 ; re-enl. Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Bogardus, Frederick, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 16, 1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 14, 1861. 
 Boorock, John W. (2d lieut.), Co. D, Ulth M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Brown, John H., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862,3 months; Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 
 
 11, 1862, 3 years. 
 Bohen, Robert H., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Brock, Elias W., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Booth, George, Co. 1, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Brown, William C. (2d lieut. |, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Brown, William R. (col ), I'.llh M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 168th, Aug. 
 
 1862, 9 months. 
 Bloomer, Reuben R. (corp.), 7th (2d) Cavali-y, Nov. 3, 1861. 
 Booth, Alonzo, U.S.N., " Nereus," 1804. 
 Bohen, Charles, Co. C, 98th, Jan. 1864; killed inaction at Petersburg, 
 
 June 23, 1864. 
 Brown, Peter, Colored, 1864. 
 Brown, William It., Colored, 1864. 
 Booth, Samuel H., 16th Cavalry, 1864. 
 Brooks, William, 7th Art., Dec. 16, 1863. 
 Bowles, William J., 26th U. S. Colored, 1864. 
 Brooks, William, 63d, 1864. 
 
 Brownlee, Joseph, Co. A, 124th, Aug. 8, 1862, 3 years; killed in Wilder- 
 ness, May 12, 1864. 
 
 Boyd, Duncan W., Co. C, 124th, Aug. 1862; pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1863; 
 
 missing in action at Tolopotomy Creek, June 6, 1864. 
 Boyd, William, 3d, August, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Bovell, James, (k). 1. 124th, Aug. 17, 1862, 3 years; lost finger at Chan- 
 
 cellorsville; trans, to V. R. C. 
 Bowen, Benjamin, Co. A, 124th, Aug. 9, 1862, 3 years ; entered on roll as 
 a desei ter. 
 
 Brower, Charles, 166th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Brownlee, Thomais, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 Brooks, John H., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 19, 1862, 3 years ; disch. Nov. 15, 
 1862. 
 
 Brock, Harvey, Co. G, 124th, Aug. 22,1862,3 years ; severely wounded in 
 right side. May 5, 1864. 
 
 Brown, George, Co. E, 124th, Aug. 5, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 
 Brooks, Spencer C, Co. 1, 124th, .Aug. 14, 1862, 3 yeare; pro. to sergt. 
 Nov. 1, 1862: disch. Aug. 21,1863. 
 
 Bond, Holtou,7th Art, 1863. 
 
 Brown, Washington, Colored, 1863. 
 
 Brown, Richard H., 14th Art., 1864 ; 1 year. 
 
 Brown, Benjamin, 14th Art., 1864 ; 1 year. 
 
 Brown, George, 26th Cavalry, 1864; 1 year. 
 
 Brown, Thomas, March 7, 1866. 
 
 Bloomer, Oscar, 16th Art., 1864 ; 1 year. 
 
 Buckle.v, Joseph, Co. B, 36th, June 16,1861, 2 .years; shot through lungs 
 at Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862 ; died of wounds July 4, 1862. 
 
 Brundage, Ezekiel, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 9, 1861. 
 
 Bush, Charles, 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 12, 1861. 
 
 Bush, Caleb, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 28, 1861 ; reported as a deserter Jan. 23, 
 1863. 
 
 Bunas, John H., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 28, 1861 ; died in hospital at Wash- 
 ington, Dec. 1, 1861. 
 
 Burns, Edward, 7th Ind. Bat., Nov. 26, 1861 ; 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Brundage, William A., Co. 1, 19th M., Juno 4,1862, 3 months; 168th, 
 August, 1862, 9 months. 
 
 Bush, Ira, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Sept. 1, 1861. 
 
 Bruyn, Wilson (2d lieut.), 1st Engineers, Dec. 3, 1861 ; pro. 1st lieut. U. S. 
 Signal Coi-ps Feb. 1, 1864. 
 
 Buxtou, Charles, U.S.N., " Brooklyn," 1864. 
 
 BuUis, William H., U.S.N., " Philadelphia," 1861. 
 
 Burns, John, 16th Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Burns, John J., 7th Artillery, Dec. 26, 1863 ; disch. by muster out July 
 31, 1865. 
 
 Burnes, John, 16th Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Buchanan, Leonard, 63d, 1864. 
 
 Burkenshire, Matthew, 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Barton. Alanson H., Co. C, 124th, Aug. 20, 1862, 3 years; disch. for dis- 
 ability June 9, 1863. 
 
 Burr, Charles, I66th, August, 1862 ; 9 montlis. 
 
 Buchanan, Charles J., 168th, August, 1862, 9 months ; re-enl. Feb. 13, 
 1865. 
 
 Buchanan, John, 2d (Harris) Cavalry, August, 1862; 3 years. 
 
 Burmiugham, John, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 Bush, Alexander P., Raney's Vols., 1864; 1 year. 
 
 Brundage, Samuel, 56th, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 
 Byrnes, John J., Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861 ; Ist sergt. ; trans, to Co. H, 
 and pro. to 2d lieut. 
 
 Cameron, Alexander, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Carmichael, Paul, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. in 7th .Ar- 
 tillery. 
 
 Carrol, Barney, Co. B, 36th, June 17,1861, 2 years; severely wounded 
 at Malvern Hill ; disch. on account of disability from wouuds Sep_ 
 tember, 186-2. 
 
 Carst, Joseph, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years; wounded at Malvern 
 Hill ; served full term, and re-enl. in 2d (Hawkins') Zouaves. 
 
 Chamberiuin, B. F. (Ist lieut.), Co. I, 7l8t M., June 28, 1861, 3 months ; 
 Ist Va. Cavalry, 1861. 
 
 Carmichael, William J., Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; Co. L, 
 19th, June 4, 1862, 3 months; Feb. 7, 1865. 
 
 Crasser, Charles L., I'o. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 
 Carter, James A., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Clark, George S., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Carroll, Thomas, Co. A, n8th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Carroll, Daniel, Feb. 28, 1865. 
 
 Clark, Francis W., Co. A, 56tli, Oct. 28, 1861; 2 years. 
 
 * Raney's Volunteers was composed of recruits for a battery, but 
 
 were subsequently included in 63d Regiment. 
 
336 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Cash, Samuel, Co. A, 50th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Crawford, Moses L., 7th Ind. Bat., Aug. 10, 1861 ; re-cul. Oct. 17, 1803. 
 
 CaufleW, John M., 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 13, 1861. 
 
 Caltin, David S., 7th lud. Bat., Sept. 1, 1861. 
 
 Crawford, William, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 1, 1861. 
 
 Cassin, John, 7th Ind. Bat, Oct. 18, 1861 ; died in hospital at Point 
 
 Lookout, M(i., Sept. 10, 1862. 
 Carroll, James, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 18, 1861. 
 Cannon, Patrick, 7th Ind. Bat, Sept. 6, 1861. 
 Cavanaugh, Wilson, 7th Ind. Bat., 1861 ; re-enl. October, 1863. 
 Chappell, Ira, 7th Ind. Bat, 1861 ; re-enl. October, 1863. 
 Chase, James I., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 108th, August, 
 
 1862, 9 months ; , Feb. 23, 1865. 
 
 Clark, John W., Co. D, 19th M., June i, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Campbell, Hugh, Co. I), 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 168th, August, 
 
 1862, 9 months ; 6th Art, 1864, 1 year. 
 Clark, J. Dewitt,Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Calyer, Abram M., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Carpenter, Nathaniel H., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Clarke, John, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Cahill, Jeremiah, Co. F, 19lh M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Cameron, David, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months ; , Feb. 11, 
 
 1866. 
 Cragg. Charles, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Campbell, Robert, Art 
 Camp, Alexander, 168th Regt, 1 year, August, 1862; died of fever Aug. 
 
 5, 1863. 
 Callender, Charles, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 24, 1861. 
 Chapman, William G., U.S.N., " De Soto," 1863. 
 Clark, Leander, Jr., U.S.N., " Somerset," 1802. 
 Clark, Leander, capt, 124th, Aug. 20, 1862, 3 years; resigned May 13, 
 
 1863. 
 Cameron, Isaiah, U.S.N., "Nereus," 1864. 
 Carpenter, Wilbur F., 7th Bat., 1863. 
 Chranger, John, 63d, 1864. 
 Clark, George, 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 Chambers, John, Co. C, 98th, January, 1864. 
 Carnes, John, 56th, March 14, 1864. 
 Cassady, John, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Cassidy, Henry, 168tb, August, 1862,9 months; Co. C, 98th, October, 
 
 1803, 3 years; discharged for disability. 
 Carey, Edward, lOhth, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Calyer, John M., Co. G, 124th Regt., Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years; wounded at 
 
 Chancellorsville; trans, to Vet Res. Corp. 
 Carpenter, William, Co. A, 124th, July 28, 1862, 3 years; wounded May 
 
 12, 1864. 
 Campbell, William, Co. G, 124th, Aug. 16, 1862, 3 years; killed at Get- 
 tysburg, July 2, 1863. 
 Carlin, Bernard, 108th, August, 1802,9 months; Co. C, 98tb, between 
 
 Oct. 17, 1803, and July, 1864 ; killed at Drury's Bluff, May 13, 1864. 
 Chalmers, Samuel, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 22, 1862, 3 years ; Corp., Nov. 1, 1862 ; 
 
 wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863; disch. Jan. 8, 1864. 
 Chandler, George H., Co. C, 124th, Aug. 20, 1862, 3 years; pro. to qr.mr.- 
 
 sergt. March 1, 1863. 
 Chatfield, Jacob B., Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 16, 1862, 3 years ; trans, to V. B. C. 
 
 March 10, 1804. 
 Clark, Charles C, Co. C, 124th, August, 1862, 3 years ; disch. April 16, 
 
 1863, for disability. 
 Cannon, Henry M., musician, Co. A, 124th, 3 years ; disch. Feb. 4, 1863; 
 
 16th Cavalry, October, 1803. 
 Crawley, Matthew, Co. B, 124th, Aug. 4, 1862, 3 years; wounded May 3, 
 
 1803; wounded May 0,1864; died Dec. 19, 1864, of chronic diarrhcea. 
 Carman, Angus, Co. H, 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years; died at Walden, 
 
 N. Y., June 30, 186;J, from effects of fever. 
 Carman,* Daniel, Co. H, 124th, Aug. 22, 1862, 3 years; wounded May 3, 
 
 1863 ; wounded May 6, 1864. 
 Campbell, William, 7th Art., 1863. 
 Carr, Bernard, 7th Art, 1863. 
 Calen, Daniel, Feb. 7, 1805. 
 Carle, James, .')th Art., 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Carey, John. Feb. il, 1865. 
 Chambers, David, 128th, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Cahill, James, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Cleary, Felix, 7th Ind. Bat, Oct. 18, 1861. 
 
 * Daniel and Angus Carman were credited to Newburgb, but probably 
 resided at Walden. 
 
 Celle, James R , 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Clelland. Samuel, leotb, August, 1802, 9 months ; 7th Bat., 1804. 
 
 Cleary, Patrick, 108th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 Clearwater, Nicholas, Co. E, 124th, Aug. 7, 1862, 3 years ; absent, sick, from 
 Oct. 10, 1862 ; must out by General Order 77. 
 
 Cline, John, Feb.6, 1865. 
 
 Conklin, Perry, Co. B, 3d, May 14,1861, 2 years; served term; subse- 
 quently killed by railroad cars. 
 
 Corkey, Newton, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years; served full term; a 
 native of town of Crawford. 
 
 Conley, Owen, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years ; wounded at Malvern 
 Hill. 
 
 Cosgrove, James, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 yeais ; wounded at Mai. 
 vern Hill ; disch. for disability October, 1862. 
 
 Cornish, Noble 31.. C.). B. 36th, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Coleman, Henry. Co. B, 36th, Sept. 9, 1802, 3 years; trans, to 66th. 
 
 Connell. John, Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; Co. D, 66th, Oct. 
 28, 1801, 2 years ; re-enl. call of March 14, 1804. 
 
 Conby, Frank, Co. I, 71st M., June 28,1801,3 months; died in Washing- 
 ton, July 26, 1801. 
 
 Corwin, Daniel W., Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. call of 
 March 14, 1864. 
 
 Cox, Charles, Co. A, 5Gth, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. call of March 14, 
 1864. 
 
 Corwin, David C, Co. A, 56th, Oct 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Crosby, John, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Connelly, Henry M., 2d lieut, Co. C, 66th, Aug. 16, 1861, 2 years ; 1st 
 lieut., June 10, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1862. 
 
 Coger. John W., 7th Ind. Bat, Sept. 13, 1861. 
 
 Cox, Michael, 7th Ind. Bat., July 28, 1861. 
 
 Coddington, Johu B.. 7th Ind. Bat., Oct 9, 1861. 
 
 Coddington, Hiram, 7th Ind. Bat, Oct 9, 1861. 
 
 Colyer, Benjamin S., 7th Ind. Bat, Oct IS, 1861. 
 
 Cooper, Joseph, 7th Ind. Bat, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct 17, 1863. 
 
 Colwell, Clark B., 2d sergt., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months ; 1st 
 sergt., Co. C, 98th, January, 1864 ; pro. to 1st lieut. Dec, 2, 1864. 
 
 Conklin, John V., Co. D, 19tb M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Covert, George J., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1802; 3 months. 
 
 Connelly, Joseph, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 
 Coleman, James H. (Corp.), Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Coleman, George W., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1802; 3 months. 
 
 Connolly, Michael, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Colden, William, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1802; 3 months. 
 
 Corcoran, Thomas, Co. F, loth M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Conkling, Luther (corp.), Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Conkling, Charles W., Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1802, 3 months ; 66th, 
 1804, 1 year. 
 
 Conkling, Samuel E., Co. 1, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Conklin, George S., Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1802, 3 months ; 168th, Au- 
 gust, 1862, 9 months. 
 
 Coulaut, Cornelius (Corp.), 48th, Aug. 28, 1861. 
 
 Cortwnght, Aloy G., 1st Engineers, 1801. 
 
 Connolly, Joseph, 2d (Black Horse) Cavalry, 1801. 
 
 Conway, Martin (musician), 9th, May, 1861. 
 
 Connolly, John, U.S.N., 1863. 
 
 Coyle, James, 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Cox, William, Co. C, 9Sth, 1864. 
 
 Cronk, James, 2d Veteran Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Conway, John, 63d, 1864. 
 
 Crosley, James J., Co. C, 98th, 1864. 
 
 Conway, John, 43d, 1864. 
 
 Cook, Joel. 4.3d, 1864. 
 
 Coombs, Henry M., Co. C, 98th, January, 1864 ; died of wounds received 
 at Drury's Blufl', May 13, 1804. 
 
 Copeland, Jackson, Colored, 1804. 
 
 Corey, Harvey P., Co. B, 124th, Dec. 10, 1863 ; disch. May 12, 1865. 
 
 Condict, William C, 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Conklin, Robert, re-enl. 1864. 
 
 Couser, James W., 7lh Art. 
 
 Connell, Petei-, 15th Cavalry. 
 
 Cromie, John, 63d. 
 
 Conklin, George W., 63d. 
 
 Cornish, William J., 108th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 Corwin, Dewitt C, 166th, August, 1862, 9 months; 56th, March 14, 1804. 
 
 Connelly, Michael J., 160th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Cooper, James, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 19, 1862, 3 years ; killed at Chancellors- 
 ville, May 3, 1863. 
 
NEWBUKGH. 
 
 337 
 
 Connelly. James, Co. B, 3d, August, 1862; 3 years. 
 
 Collins, Cliailes, 5th, August, 1862. 
 
 Cole, JosliuaV., Co. G, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862, *3 years; Corp., January, 
 
 1863; aergt., September, 1863; 1st sergt., January, 1864; disch. 
 
 March 2S, 18G5. 
 Coe, Theodore, UiStli, August, 1862; It months. 
 Cole, John N. (musician, aged sixteen years), Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 21, 1862, 
 
 3 years; must, out with regt. June 3, 1805. 
 Cosgrove, John S., 3d, August, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Cornish, William, «h, August. 1862. 
 Cornish, Noble, sth, August, 1802. 
 
 Collins, "William, 1st Fire Zouaves; killed at Ist Bull Run. 
 Council, James, 8th, August, 1802. 
 Coutant, Roswell G., I56th, August, 1862. 
 Cronk, James S., I68th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Conlon, Patrick, 7th Art., 1803. 
 Conkeley, John P., 7th Art., 1863. 
 Conklin, Lemuel, 128th, 1864. 
 Conklin, Samuel H., Raney's Vols., 1864; 1 year. 
 Conklin, Edgar, o6th, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Clony, John James, 5th Cavalry, 1861 ; 1 year. 
 Collins, Thomas, 6Gth, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Corwell, John, 56th, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Coleman, Joseph, 183d ; 1 year. 
 Couch, Robert, U.S.N., 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Covert, Albert N., 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Conway, Richard, Feb. 28, 1865. 
 Crowell, James, Feb. 28, 1865. 
 Conkling, James B., March 2, 1866. 
 Coleman, Erastus, March 2, 1865. 
 Conner, James, March 8, 1865. 
 Cunningham, John G., Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861,2 years; pro. corp. 
 
 Oct. 1, 1862. 
 Cummings, William, sergt., Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; 7th 
 
 (2d) Cavalry, Nov. 13, 1801. 
 Clugston, Hugh, Co. A. 66th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Cullum, John, Co. D, 19th M.. June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Cullens, Hezekiah, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months ; 159th, 1864, 
 
 1 year. 
 Cunningham, John, Co. F, 19tb M., June 4, 1862, 3 months. 
 Cunningham, Henry Clay, marine artillery. 
 Cunningham, William, 6th. 
 Cunningham, Peter, 15th. 
 
 Cunningham, Robert C, U.S.N. ,'* Cumberland," 1861; lost on "Bain- 
 bridge," Aug. 21, 1863. 
 CuUius, James, Co. C, 98th, January, 1864 ; severely wounded at Cold 
 
 Harbor, June 3, 1864. 
 Cunningham, Thomas, 7th Ind. Bat., 1864. 
 Cunningham, Charles H., 7th Bat., 1864. 
 Curren, Giles. Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 22, 1862, 3 years; wounded; right foot 
 
 amputated July 30, 1864 ; died of wounds Aug. 25, 1864. 
 Currie, Joseph, 168th, August, 1862; 9 mouths. 
 Cunan, Patrick, Co. K, 124th, August, 1862, 3 years; taken prisoner at 
 
 Tolopotomy Creek, June 1, 1864, and never returned. 
 Cum, Joseph, 48th, August, 1862. 
 Curtin, Robert, 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Cutler, Richard, 56th, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 CuUeu, John, Feb. 28, 1866. 
 Cyphers, Henry, 7th Iiid. Bat., Oct. 4, 1861. 
 Clyue, Asa D., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1863 : 3 months. 
 Clyde, David, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Daniels, William A., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. in 7th 
 
 Heavy Art., 1864; must, nut August, 1865. 
 Drake, Benj. C, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Davenport, Jesse, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861,2 years; honorably men- 
 tioned for services at Fair Oaks and Malvern Hill ; subsequently 
 
 disch. for disability. 
 Drake, David E., Co. B, 30th, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Drake, Benjamin, Co. B, 30th, Juno 17,1861, 2 years; disch. for disability 
 
 Jan. 20, 1863. 
 Davis, Clarence. Co. A, 66th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Daniels, James, Co. B, 66th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Day, William, Co. E, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Davies, Robert, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 9, 1861. 
 Drake, Benjamin C, 7th Ind. Bat., Nov. 6, 1801. 
 Davis, Nelson, 7th Ind. Bat., 1801 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1803. 
 Daniels, Joshua, Co. E, 19tli M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Day, Patrick, 1st lieut., Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Daughaday, John H., 2d lieiit., Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 
 
 lieut., 168th, August, 1862, 9 months. 
 Davy, John J., 2d Cavalry. 
 Day, Patrick H., 5th Cavalry, 1861 . 
 Darrach, David, C.S.N., "Gallatee." 
 Davis, James, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 Daniels, James C, Co. C. 124th, August, 1862 ; wounded Aug. 20, 1864. 
 Drake, Nicholas C, Co. K, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862, 3 years ; disch. Jan. 20, '63. 
 Dailey, Timothy, 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Dalson, William, Colored. 
 Dawson, Thomas, 15th Cavalry, 1804. 
 Dalenthy, John, Co. C, 9Sth, January, 1864. 
 Dalson, James, Colored, 1864. 
 Davidson, Maxwell, 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 Davis, John, 16th Art., Aug. 27, 1864; 1 year. 
 DeWitt, George D., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Devaney, George, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1801 ; 2 years. 
 Decker, Lewis W., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1801 ; 2 years. 
 Decker, Alfred, Co. B, 30th, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 DeGraw, John, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Decker, Charles, Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; 168th Regt., 
 
 August, 1862, 9 months. 
 Delevirne, John, Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 DeWitt, David W., Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1801, 3 months ; Co. G, 124th 
 
 Regt., Aug. 16, 1862; killed at Manassas Gap, July 24, 1863. 
 DeGroat, Samuel, Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. call of March 
 
 14, 1864. 
 Depuy, Thomas G., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Dennis, Albert, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Drennan, Edward, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 166th Begt., 
 
 August. 1862, 9 months. 
 Depuy, John BI., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Dermady, John, Co. 1, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 mouths. 
 Dermady, Timothy, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Depuy, Jacob R., 48th, Aug. 28, 1861 ; killed on Morris Island, July 18, 
 
 1863. 
 Depuy, Thomas R., 44th. 
 Decker, James N., 2d lieut., 7th (2d) Cavalry, Dec. 4, 1861 ; pro. 1st lieut. 
 
 April 12, 1802 ; killed near Falmouth, April 17, 1862. 
 Decker, Andrew, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Decker, Moses, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Decker, Morrison, 168th. August, 1862,9 months; 66th, July 18, 1864, 
 
 1 year. 
 DeGroat, John, 7th Art. 
 DeGraw, Thomas, 18th Cavalry. 
 DeGroat, Richard J., 26th U. S. Colored. 
 DeGroat, .Tames, Colored. 
 DeWitt, James H., 26th U. S. Colored. 
 Decker, William H., 7th Bat., Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Deyo, Charles H., 26th U. S. Colored. 
 Deyo, Alexander, 26th U. S. Colored. 
 Dernan, Michael I., 63d N.T.S.V. 
 Depuy, Abel R.,63d N.Y.S.V. 
 Decker, Daniel B., Raney's Vols. 
 Decker, Thomas H., Raney's Vols. 
 Drew, Horace, 66th. 
 Dennis, Egbert, Raney's Vols. 
 
 Dietzgroth, George A., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Dickey, William D., sergt., Co. 1, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; Ist 
 
 lieut., 168th, Nov. 26, 1862, 9 months ; capt., 16th Art., Jan. 30, 1864 ; 
 
 pro. m.ijor May 11. 1865. 
 Diamond, Cornelius, Co. I, lOtli M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Dickey, Joseph M., Co. L, 19tli M., June 4,1862, 3 months ; 168th, August, 
 
 1862, 9 months; 2d lieut., 1.5th Art., Aug. 23, 1864; pro. but not 
 
 mustered as 1st lieut. May 30, 1865. 
 Dill, Henry, Co. L, 19tli M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Dlngee, Hezekiah, 48tli, Sept. 6, 1861. 
 Dillon, Henry, 168th, August, 1862, 9 months; 63d. 
 Dinge, John H., Co. A, 124th, Aug. 13, 1862; 3 years. 
 Diamond, George, Colored. 
 Divine, James, 66th. 
 Donaghue, Timothy, lieut.; pro. capt. Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 
 
 years ; recommended for pro. to mEU. for distinguished services at 
 
 Malvern Hill. 
 Dotzert, William, Co. D, I9th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; Co. B, 36th, 
 
 Sept. 23, 1802, 3 years ; trans, to Ootli to complete term. 
 
388 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Dougherty, John G., Co. B, 36th, June 17, ISGl, 2 yeare; served full 
 
 term ; mustered out July lo, 1803. 
 Dowdell, Henry 0., Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 Dowljng, Roe C, Co. I, 7l8t M., June, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Donnelly, Byron, Co. A, oOth, Oct. 28, 1801; 2 years. 
 Dolaiid, John G., Co. A, oOth, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. call of 
 
 March 14, 1864. 
 Dolan, William, Co. K, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years ; re-enl. call of March 
 
 14, 1864. 
 Donnelly, Thomas, 7th Ind. Bat., 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Doyle, Felix, Co. D, 10th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Dore, Henry, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Doran, Daniel, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Donnelly, Michael, Jr., Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Donahue, Michael, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1802; 3 months. 
 Doremus, Solomon, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; Co. B, 3d, 
 
 August, 1862, 3 years ; wounded in service. 
 Douglass, Andrew, Co. L, I9th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months ; 3d, August, 
 
 1862, 3 yeare. 
 Dobbs, Valentine, sergt., 7th (2d) Cavalry, Nov. 11, 1861 ; re-enl. March 
 
 2, 1865. 
 Dobbs, George, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 19, 1861. 
 Dodge, William Foster, lieut., GOth, May 31, 1862 ; pro. ai^jt. March 13, 
 
 1863 ; resigned April 16, 1864. 
 Dodge, John P., capt., 66th, Dec. 27, 1861 ; killed in action at Fredericks- 
 burg, Dec. 16, 1862. 
 Doyle, John, 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Doyle, Michael, 168th, August, 1802,9 months; 7th Art., Jan. 4,1804, 
 
 3 years. 
 Dodge, Samuel, Co. C, 124th, August, 1802, 3 yeare; killed at Chaucel- 
 
 lorsville. May 3, 1803. 
 Dougherty, William L., Co. E, 124th, Aug. 12, 1862. 3 years; wounded 
 
 May 3, 1863; left ranks Oct. 27, 1864, and probably taken prisoner. 
 Downie, John, 03d, 1804. 
 
 Donnelly, William, Co. C, 9Sth, January, 1864 ; did nut leave the State. 
 Donovan, Charles, loth Cavalry. 
 Donahue, Peter, 80th (20th), 1 year. 
 
 Dunn, John, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years; U.S.N., gunboat, 1863. 
 Dunphy, Patrick (1st Corp.), Co. F, 19th M , June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Dunn, James, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 mouths; Raney's Vols., 
 
 1864, 1 year. 
 Dufly, James, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Nov. 25, 1861. 
 DuBois, Nathaniel, U.S.N. , "Chippewa," 1802. 
 Duffie, John, Co. H. 124th, Aug. 13, 1862; 3 yeare. 
 DuBois, Hiram, Colored. 
 DuBois, James, Colored. 
 Duffy, John, 5th Art. 
 Dudley, Jonathan, re-enl. 
 Dutcher, Jesse, Eaney's Vols., 1864. 
 Dye, Cornelius B., 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 21, 1861. 
 Dwyer, Thomas, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Dyckman, George, Co. L, 19th SI., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Dyer, Nathaniel, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 19, 1861. 
 Earle, George, Co. B, 36tli, Sept. 17, 1862, three yeare ; trans, to 65th. 
 Eaton, William, Co. B, 36th, June 21, 1861, two yeare; pro. to Corp., sergt., 
 
 and orderly sergt. ; severely wounded in action at Malvern Hill; 
 
 honorably noticed for services at Fair Oaks and Malvern Hill ; must. 
 
 out with company. 
 Evans, Eli H. (adjt.), 66th, Sept. 1, 1861, 2 years; dismissed Oct. 2.6, 
 
 1863. 
 Easton, Edmund A., Co. G, 60th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. 1S64. 
 Evans, James 0., Co. G, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 yeare ; re-enl. March 14, 
 
 1864. 
 Edwards, Andrew, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Earls, George, Co. F, 19th JI., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Egan, James, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Eastman, Francis, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Jan. 2, 1802. 
 Eager, Amos M., Co. I, 124tli, Aug. 0, 1862. 3 years; pro. to 6th, 4th, and 
 
 3d sergt.; wounded at Gettysburg; trans, to V. R. C. 
 Edwards, Aaron G., 166th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Edgar, William, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 15, 1802, 3 years; killed in action 
 
 May 15, 1864. 
 Estabrook, Sandford T., Co. G, 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years; taken pris- 
 oner at Cliancelloreville, May 3,1863; wounded May 5, 1804; died 
 of wounds Aug. 12, 1864. 
 Estabrook, Horatio J., 2d sergt, Co. G, 124th, Aug. 14, 1802, 3 yeare; 
 wounded in ankle at Chancellorsville; assigned to hospital duty. 
 
 Evans, Isaac, 16Sth, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 Evans, John D., 7th Art., Dec. 24,1863, 3 yeare; disch.for disability. 
 
 Embler, Hiram, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Egleston, James H , Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Egleston, John, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 16, 18(11. 
 
 Emsley, William, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 12, 1861. 
 
 Este, Michael, 100th, August, 1802; 9 months. 
 
 Elmer, William, 1st Engineers, 1804. 
 
 Elliott, James, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1801 ; 2 yeare. 
 
 Ellis, Van Home A., capt.. Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861, 3 mouths ; June, 
 
 1862,3 mouths; col., 124th; kille.1 at Gettysburg. 
 Ellison, Alexander, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Ellison, Isaac, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 22, 1862, 3 yeare; trans, to non-com. 
 
 staff as hospital steward ; died of fever, 1863. 
 Ellison, William J., 7tli Art., Dec. 14, 18M : disch. for disability. 
 Ecord, Herman, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 yeare; re-enl. in 73d; killed July 
 
 30, 1864. 
 Edmondston, James H., U.S.N., "Minnesota," 1861. 
 Edmondston, William F., 7th Ind. Bat.. Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Frannce, Abm., Jr., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 yeare; disch. for loss of 
 
 finger ; re-enl. in Co. C, 98th. 
 Fraunce, Isaac, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861. 2 yeare; discharged. 
 Farron, John, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861 ; 2 yeare. 
 Fraunce, Abraham, Co. E, 66th, 2 years; disch.; Co. I, 71st M., June 
 
 1802, 3 months. 
 Franklin, Daniel R., lieut., Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; res. after muster, 
 
 Sept. 17, 1861. 
 Flannigan, Edward (corp.), Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 yeare; re-enl. '64. 
 Fagens, Thomas, Co. B, 56tli, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 yeare. 
 France, Henry S., 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 25, 1861. 
 Flannigan, James, 7th Ind. Bat., Aug. 16, 1861. 
 Fairbanks, Charles L., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 28, 1801 ; re-enl. 1863. ' 
 Farrell, Patrick, 7tli Ind. Bat., Sept. 26, 1861. 
 Fay, James W., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Farley, Peter, Co. F, 19tli M., June 4, 1802; 3 months. 
 Farley, Thomas, Co. I, 19th M., Juno 4. 1862, 3 months; Co. I, 124th, 
 
 Aug. 22, 1862, 3 years. 
 Flagler, Peter, 1st Mounted Rifles, Oct. 24, 1801. 
 Flanagan, Daniel, 168th, .\ugust, 1862; 9 months. 
 Flanagan, James, Co. I, 124tli, Aug. 22, 1862, 3 years; wounded, severe, 
 
 April 0, 1866. 
 Fairchild, William B., 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Flaize, Valentine, 124th, August, 1862, 3 yeare ; not on roll. 
 Farrell, David, 15th Cavalry. 
 Faulkner, Lawrence C, 03d. 
 Farrell, Peter, 16th Engineere. 
 Fannon, William P., Feb. 1, 1865. 
 Fallon, John C, Feb. 28, 1865. 
 
 Ferguson, George, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 yeare ; 7th Bat., Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Ferris, John, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years. 
 
 Ferguson, Peter, Co. B, 36th, Sept. 9, 1802, 3 years ; trans, to 66th. 
 Feltman, .lolin H., Co. B, 36th, June 17,1861,2 yeare; disch. Nov. 7, 
 
 1801, for disability. 
 Fletcher, Harmon P., Co. I, 71st M., June 2'8, 1861, 3 months ; Co. L, 19th 
 
 M., June 4, 1862, 3 months. 
 Fee, John W., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1802; 3 months. 
 Fleming, James, Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Forkel, Jacob, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 yeare. 
 Felt, John W., 7th Ind. Bat., Aug. 31, 1801. 
 1 Fremole. Solomon, 7tb Ind, Bat., Oct. 28, 1861 ; re-enl. Oct. 17, 1863. 
 ' Fenton, Robert, 7th Ind. Bat., 1861 ; re-enl. Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Ferguson, Archibald (Ist sergt.), Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months ; 
 
 108th, August, 1862, 9 months. 
 Ferguson, Reuben, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Freeman, Frederick, Ist Mounted Rifles, Oct. 24, ISOl. 
 French, Bcnoni H., 9th, May 4, 1801. 
 
 Ferguson, Francis, 108th, call of August, 1802 ; 9 months. 
 Ferguson, William P., 106th, August, 1862, 9 months; 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 
 
 17, 1803. 
 Ferguson, Daniel, 16th Cavalry, 1864. 
 Freeman, .\ugustu8. Colored. 
 Ferris, John E., Feb. 14, 1865. 
 
 Fisher, James S., Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Finnegan, James, Co. K-C, 124th, 3 yeare; 2d lieut., Aug. 23, 1862; 1st 
 
 lieut., March 7, 1803; capt., Feb. 17, 1864, and trans, to Co. C ; 
 
 wounded in legand arm at Gettyslairg; killed before Petereburg, Oct. 
 
 27, 1864. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 339 
 
 Flinn, Andrew, Co. C, 124tli, August, 1862 ; :i jeai-s. 
 
 Finney, John, 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 niontlis. 
 
 Friece, John D., 20th Colored, 1S04. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Thomas, 7th Ind. Bat., Jan. 18, 1S04. 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Thomas, 7th Art., Feb. 1,1864; noted on return as second en- 
 
 lit^tmeut. 
 Fisher, Alanson, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1S61, 2 years; re-enl. in 7th Art.; 
 
 wounded June 10, 1864, and disi^harged. 
 Fitzpatrick, James, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years; right name said 
 
 ttt liave been Cliristoplier Burke. 
 Fisher, James W., Co. I, 71st SI., Juue 28, 1S61 ; 3 months. 
 Fields, John (coi-p.), Co. A, 66tli, Oct. 28, 1801 ; 2 years. 
 Fitzpatrick, John (3d sergt.), Co. F, 19tli M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 
 
 166th, August, 1862 ; 'J mouths. 
 Finally, William, Co. F, 10th M., June 4, 1862; 3 mouths. 
 Fisher, Augustus, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 18C2 ; 3 months. 
 Fitzgerald, Daniel, 15th Cavalry. 
 Finley, Daniel, Feb. 13, I860. 
 Foley, John W., Co. B, 3d, M.ay 14, 1861,2 years; disch. for disability ; Co. 
 
 C, 124tli, August, 1862,3 years; severely wounded and taken pria- 
 
 ouer at Chancellorsville; died from effect of wounds Jan. 12, 1864, at 
 
 Newburgh. 
 Flood, John, Co. B, .'Jeth, Juue 17, 1801 ; 2 years. 
 
 Fowler, George W., Co. B, 36th, Sept. 22, 1802, 3 years ; trans. 65th Regt. 
 Forsythe, John W., Co. I, 71st M., Juue 28, 1861 ; 3 montljs. 
 Foster, John \V., Co. I, 7l8t M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; Ist sergt., Co. 
 
 I, 71st 31., June, 1862, 3 months. 
 Foos, Richard, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 FlouriKch, John. 7th Ind. Bat., 1801 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Ford, Terrance P., sergt., Co. E, 19th M , June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Fowler, James B., Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Fowler, Daniel S., Co. L, 19th M , June 4, 1862, 3 months; 168th, call of 
 
 August, 1862, 9 months. 
 Frost, Henry, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 19, 1861. 
 Fowler, Erwiu O., lieut., 5th, Sept. 8, 1861. 
 Fowler, David E. (com. sub.), 3d, division staff, 1801. 
 Forbes, Lucas II., 108th, cull of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Fowler, John S., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 20, 1S62 ; 3 years. 
 Fowler, George, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 10, 181.2; 3 years. 
 Foley, Thomas, Jr., Co. C, 124th, August, 1862, 3 yeare ; first man enl. in 
 
 company; pro. sergt.; color-bearerat CliancellorsviUe, and shot dead 
 
 in that action May 3, 1863. 
 Foley, Robert Havelock, Co. C, 124th, Aug. 6, 1802, 3 years; second man 
 
 enl. in company ; killed in action at Boydtou Road, Oct. 27, 1864. 
 
 John W., Thomas, Jr. and Robert H. Foley were brothers, natives of 
 
 Canada, but residents of Newburgh. 
 Foot, Nelson, 124tb, Aug. 13, 1802, 3 years; trans. V. R. C. Nov. 15, 1863. 
 Fogerty, John, 7th Bat., Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Fowler, William C, loth Cavalry. 
 Fowler, Charles B., 3d. 
 Fowler, Daniel W., Colored. 
 Foran, John, Co. C, 98th. 
 Ford, Theodore S., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 17, 1863 ; name should be "Sau- 
 
 ford." 
 Fox, Thomas, 133d ; died of fever June 22, 1863. 
 Ford, John M., Feb. 27, 186.5. 
 Fullerton, Stephen W., capt., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; died of fever Sept. 
 
 12, 1861. 
 Fullager, William, Co. D, luth M., June 4, IK62,3 months; 168tll, August, 
 
 1862, 9 months. 
 Furgerson, William, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Fuller, Stephen D., 168th, August, 1862, 9 months ; 63d, 1864. 
 Garrison, John D., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1801, 2 yeare; 7th Bat., Dec. 20, 
 
 1863. 
 Gardner, Thomas, Co. B, 3Gth, June 17, 1801,2 years, trans, to ambu- 
 lance corps. 
 Gallagher, Hugh, Co. B 36th, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Garrison, William H., 1st sergt., Co. I, 7l8t M., June 28, 1861, 3 mouths; 
 
 1st lieut., Co. I, 7l8t M., June, 1862, 3 months; U.S.N., " Vauderbilt," 
 
 1864. 
 Galvin, Dennis, Co. 1, 7l8t M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Garrison, John, Co. A, SOtli, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Gray, Patrick, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Grady, John, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; Co. C, 98th, January, 
 
 1864. 
 Gardiner, Charles W., Co. D, 19th M., Juue 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Gardiner, Frederick P., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Gardiner, Walter G., Co. E, 19tli M., June 4, 1S62, 3 mouths ; 168th, 
 
 August, 1862, 9 moulhs. 
 Garrison, Dewitt, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1802; 3 months. 
 Gracey, John, Co. I, lOtli M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 njonths. 
 Gracey, James, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1802; 3 months. 
 Gardner, Rufus, 48th, Aug. 12, 1861. 
 Gardner, Savillion,48th, Aug. 12, 1861. 
 Gaines, Hiram, 168th, August, 1862, 9 months; died of fever Aug. 31, 
 
 1863. 
 Gaines, John Henry, 168th, August, 1862, 9 months; died Aug. 29, 1863. 
 Gardner, Joseph A., Co. A, 124th, July 20, 1862, 3 years ; wounded in 
 
 1863. 
 Gallow, Francis B., Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 13, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Gray, William, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Gallow, Charles W., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 18, 1862, 3 years ; lost arm from 
 
 wound in Wilderness, May 12, 1864. 
 Gardiner, William. 48th, August, 1862. 
 Garder, John, 5th Cavalry. 
 Gauon, Daniel, Feb. 15, 1865. 
 
 Gregory, Lewis E., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862; 3 months. 
 Gerard, John C, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; discharged Nov. 3, 1862. 
 Green, John, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 28, 1861 ; re-enl. Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Green, William, Co. E, 19th M,, June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Green, Thomas, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862,3 months; 166th, call of 
 
 August, 1862, 9 months. 
 Germain, Gilbert, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Geuung, Lester, Co. E, loth M., Juue 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Green, Jolin, Co. F, loth M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Green, Francis R. M., Co. I, 19th M., Juue 4, 1862, 3 months ; 15th Cav - 
 
 airy, 1864. 
 Green, John, 1st Mounted Rifles, Oct. 27, 1861 ; 2years. 
 Gregory, William, U.S.N., 1862. 
 Green, Silas, 108th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Green, Elias, 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 mouths. 
 Gery, John, 168th, August, 1802 ; 9 months. 
 Gerow, Charles, 2d (Harris) Cavalry, August, 1802 ; 3 years. 
 Greahl, Charles, 63d, 1864. 
 Geruioud, Gilbert, Raney's Vols., 1864; 1 year. 
 Germond, James, Raney's Vols., 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Glee, Joseph, Feb. 8, 1865. 
 Gerow, George, March 8, 1865. 
 Gillis, Daniel, Co. B, 3d, May 14,1861 ; 2 years. 
 Gilcrist, Ale.xunder, Jr., Cu. B, 36th, Juue 17, 1861, 2 years; disch. Aug. 
 
 18, 1862, for disability. 
 Grier, James A., Co. I, 81st M., June 18, 1861, 3 months ; Co. K-C, 124th, 
 
 Aug. 25, 1S62, 3 years ; sergt. -maj. ; 2d lieut., Co. C ; Ist lieut. ; capt., 
 
 Oct. 27, 1864. 
 Griuier, Max, Co. I, 7lst M., Juue 28, 1861, 3 months ; Co. L, lOtli M., 
 
 Juue 4, 1862, 3 mouths. 
 Girling, William B., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862, 3 nuinths; 168th, August, 
 
 1862, 9 mouths. 
 Gillespie, Charles E., Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. call of 
 
 March 14, 1864. 
 Gidney, William, Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Grilfltb, David, 7th Ijid. Bat, Oct. 1, 1861. 
 Gillesi)ie, William H., 7th Ind. Bat., Nov. 26, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 
 
 17, 1803. 
 Gibb, Eleazer. Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Gillespie, C, U.S.N., "Senapee." 
 Gilme]', William, 3d, August, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Gibb, David, lieut. ; 2(1 lieut., 124th, Aug. 20, 1802, 3 years ; resigned 
 
 Feb. 25, 1803, on account of dis.ibility. 
 Griffin, Jesse, 168th, August, 1802 ; 9 months. 
 Griltitb, Smith, 168th, call of August, 1802, 9 months; 7th Art., Dec. 26, 
 
 1863; disch. for disability. 
 Grifflu, George E., Co. G, 124th, Aug. 20, 1862, 3 years; trans, to Invalid 
 
 Corps. 
 Gidney, Solomon, 21st New Jersey, August, 1862 ; Raney's Vols., 1864, 
 
 1 year. 
 Gidney, Charles, 63d, 1864. 
 Gidney, Gabriel N., March 2, 1865. 
 Gillespie, J.icob L., 5th .\rt., 1864. 
 Gibson, Thomas, Feb. •J3, 1865. 
 Gidney, Isaac, 56th, 1864; 1 year. 
 Gilbert, James, 56th ; died of dysentery Sept. 4, 1863. 
 Gordon, Robert, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years ; served term, aud re- 
 enlisted in same cumpauy. 
 
340 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Goldwin, James, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861,2 years; riglit name was 
 " Noah Burton ;" served full term. 
 
 Grove. Jamee, Co. B, 36th, June 17,1861, 2 years; served full term ; born 
 in Goshen ; resided in Montgomery ; enl. in Newlmrgh. 
 
 Gowdy, James, Co. I, 7l8t M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 montlis. 
 
 Gould, James, Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Gordon, Daniel, Co. B, oGth, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Gorden, David, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. call of March 
 14, 1864. 
 
 Gorden, William, Co. B, Sfitli, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Grogen, Daniel, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Goldsmith, Charles It., Co. I, .56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Goodsell, Anthony, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 7, 1861 ; killed in action at Fair 
 Oaks, May 21, 1862. 
 
 Gordon. Robert D., corp., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Gould, John B., Co. 1, 10th M., June 4,1862; 3 months. 
 
 Goodsell, Charles W., "tli (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 15, 1861. 
 
 Goetchius, Isaac Newton, Co. A, 124th, Aug. 8, 1862, 3 years; wounded 
 at Chancellorsville. 
 
 Groat, L. A., 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 Gorden, John, Colored. 
 
 Gorden, Aaron, Colored. 
 
 Golden, John B., 15th Art., Jan. 18, 1864; 3 years. 
 
 Gough, Christopher, 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Grogan, John, Rauey's Vols ; 1 year. 
 
 Goodwin, William, 2d Cavalry, call of July 18, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 
 Goodly, Samuel, 2d Cavalry, call of July 18, 1864; 1 year. 
 
 Griggs, James, 51h ; killed at Big Bethel, June 10, 1861. 
 
 Goble, Morris G., 168th, Aug. 1, 1862, 1 year; died of congestion of lungs 
 March 19, 1863. 
 
 Gurven, James, Co. B, 36th, June 17,1861, 2 years; was in tifteen battles 
 and skirmishes. 
 
 Gunn, Charles A., Co. 1, 71st M., June, 1862, 3 months ; 168th, call of Au- 
 gust, 1862,9 months. 
 
 Gordon, John, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years; wounded in shoulder 
 at Gettysburg ; taken prisoner May 6,1864; was in Richmond, Sa- 
 vannah, Andersonville, etc. ; paroled Nov. 20, 1864 ; discb. June 22, 
 1865. 
 
 Gurling, Edmund, 168tb, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Giuner, Edward, Co. A, 124th, Aug. 6, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 
 Gunn, Charles A. (2d), 16sth, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Gurling, William, Feb. 27, 1865. 
 
 Hanna, David, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. in 7th H. Art. 
 
 Hayes, Garret, Co B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Hamilton, Robert J., Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years ; had previously 
 been with Walker in Nicaragua; served full term with credit; after 
 his discharge had three ribs and arm broken by boiler explosiou at 
 Washington Iron-Works. 
 
 Harrington, Theodore, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Halleck, John D., Co. B, 36th, Sept. 2, 1862, 3 years ; trans, to 65th. 
 
 Hartford, William H. (corp.), Co. B, 36th. June 17, 1861, 2 years ; had pre- 
 viously served five years in U. S. army ; pro. to corp. and sergt. ; se- 
 verely wounded and taken prisoner at Malvern Hill ; soon after 
 being must, out he re-enl. in " Hawkins' Second Zouaves." 
 
 Hays, Alexander, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Hawkins, George W., 2d lient., Co. I, 7lBt M., June 28, 1861, 3 months ; 
 
 U.S.N., Western Flotilla, 1862. 
 Hanman, James D., 3d sergt., Co. X, 71st M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 
 Hall, Edwin J., Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; Co. I, 71st M., 
 
 Corp., June, 1862, 3 months. 
 Hastings, James, Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; Co. I, 71st M., 
 
 June, 1862, 3 months. 
 Hammond, William D., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862; 3 months. 
 Hanna, David, Co. I, 7l8t M., June, 1862; 3 months. 
 Hawley, Thomas, Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Hath way, Hiram F. (corp.), Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Hastie, John (Corp.), Co. A, 66tli, Oct. 28, 1861; 2 years. 
 Halstead, Isaac, Co. A, S6th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. call of March 
 
 14, 1864. 
 Hamilton, William (drum.), Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 (disch.), 2 years ; 
 Co. F, 191h 51., June 4, 1862, 3 months ; 166th, c»ll of August, 1862, 
 9 months ; 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 Hargrave, Thomas, Co. B, 56tb, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Havermeyer, John, Co. B, 66th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Hall, Alanson, 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 30, 1861. 
 Hall, Garwood, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 26, 1861. 
 Harmau, Franklin D., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 26, 1861. 
 
 Harden, Patrick, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 7, 1861. 
 Hasbrouck, Hiram, 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 13, 1861. 
 
 Hamilton, Isaac, 7th Ind. Bat., , 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 
 Hadley, Thomas J., 7tb Ind. Bat., , 1S61 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 
 Howell, Charles S., 7th Imi. Bat., Jan. 1, 1862. 
 Hartig, Frederick, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Hancock, Robert G., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 I Havens, Gardiner B., sergt., Co. E. 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Harris, David, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Hayes, Michael. Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Haight, Robert M., sergt., Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Hathaway, William M., 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; adjt., 168th, 
 
 Sept. 29,1802, 9 months. 
 Harding, John, Co. 1, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 I Hays, Hugh M., S2d Regt., May 21, 1861 ; re-enl. 1863-64. 
 
 Hasbrouck, Henry Clay, lieut., U.S.A., 1861. 
 1 Harris, George W,, 6th Cavalry, 1861 ; re-enl. March 2, 1865. 
 Hanford, John, 2d Cavalry, 1861. 
 Havens, David, U.S.N., " Kerens," 1864. 
 Halstead, Israel, U.S.N., " Keokuk." 
 Harris, Hezekiah, Co. E, 124th, Aug. 20, 1862, 3 years; wounded in head 
 
 at Gettysburg, and subseiiuently died from same. 
 Hall, George, 108th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Hanna, James, lOOtb, August, 1802 ; 9 months. 
 Hanson, Christian, 166th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Hagan, John, Co. C, 124th, August, 1862, 3 yeat^; disch. for dis. Jan. 13, 
 
 1863. 
 Hanna, George, Co. B, 3d, August, 1862. 
 Haggerty, James C, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 18,1862, 3 years; trans, to Vet 
 
 Res. Corps. 
 Hamill, John, Co. I, 124tb, Aug. 18, 1862, 3 years; wounded in arm May 
 
 3, 1863, and in leg May 6, 1864. 
 Hamilton, William, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 18, 1862, 3 years; wounded 
 
 in leg May 3, 1863; died of wounds June 30, 1863. 
 Hannah, Joseph, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 18, 1862, 3 years; wounded May 3, 
 
 1863. 
 Halstead, Daniel, Co. E, 124th, Aug. 12, 1862,3 years; disch. April 16, 
 
 1863. 
 Hamilton, Anson, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862, 3 years; wounded in foot 
 
 May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. 
 Hagar, Michael, Co. A, 124tli, Aug. 8, 1862, 3 years; wounded severely 
 
 at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. 
 Hanegan, Michael, 166tb, .\ugust, 1862; 9 months. 
 Hartnett, Jeremiah, Co. A, 124tli, Aug. 2, 1862; 3 years. 
 HoUey, Abraham, Co, H, 124th, Aug. 28, 1862,3 years; shot in neck and 
 
 lost use of right arm ; disch. June 25, 1863. 
 Hanmore, Howard B., 7th Ind. Bat., 1864. 
 
 Hair, Samuel, Co. I, 9Sth, January, 1864 ; died of disease in July, 1864. 
 Halstead, Stephen H., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Haley, Samuel, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Hall, Horace, Co. C, 98th, January, 1864. 
 Hallock, Edward A., 15tli Cavalry. 
 Hart, Jacob, Colored, 1864. 
 Harrigan, Michael, o:id, 1864. 
 Halt, Silas, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Harmon, John, 50th ; 1 year. 
 Harrison, John J. E., 56th, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Hardenbergh, George W., 56th, 1864; 1 year. 
 Hanuigan, Jolin, 3d, 1864; 1 year. 
 Harrington, William, 5th Cavalry, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Harwood, B. W., Feb. 23, 1865. 
 
 Henry, Alexander, Co. B, 36tb, June 17, 1861, 2 years; 7th Bat., Oct. 17, 
 
 1803; honorable notice for conduct at Fair Oaks and Malvern Hill. 
 
 Hewitt, Thomas, Co. D, luth M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 15th Cavalry, 
 
 1864. 
 Henderson, James, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 10, 1861. 
 Hennersey, Philip H., 7th (2d) Cavalry, Nov. 14, 1861. 
 Henderson, George, 2d Cavalry, 1861. 
 Henry, William, 16Sth, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Hepper ^or Hopper), David, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 20, 1862, 3 years; died in 
 
 Washington, Dec. 16, 1862. 
 Henry, Philip, 6th Art., bet. Oct. 17, 1863, and July, 1864. 
 Henry, Joseph Y., 143d, bet. Oct. 17, 186.), and July, 1864. 
 Hennesy, Patrick, loth Cavalry, bet. Oct. 17, 186:), and July, 1864. 
 Hedges, William, 128th, cnll of July 18, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Herbert, George, 1st Cavalry, call of July 18, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Herbert, Charles, Feb. 1, 1866. 
 
NEWBUKGH. 
 
 341 
 
 Hines, Bichard M., sergt., Co. I, Tlst M., Jane 28, 1861, 3 months ; licut., 
 
 Co. E, 66th, Sept. 20, 1861 ; res. Feb. 6, 1862 ; sergt., Co. E, 19th M., 
 
 June 4, 1862, 'i months. 
 Hines, Fmiicis, Co. I, "1st M., June 28, 1.S61, 3 months; Co. E, 56th, Oct. 
 
 28,1861, 2 years; 2d lieut., Aug. fl, 1862 ; 1st lieut, Dec. 30, 1862; 
 
 cal>t., June 10, 1863; must, out with regiment <.)ct. 17, 1865. 
 Hines, Joseph, Co. D, lOth M., June 4, 1S62; 3 months. 
 Hicks, Matthew, Tth Iiid. Bat , Oct. 0, 1861 ; killed in battle at Fair Oaks, 
 
 May 31, 1862. 
 Hill, John, Co. E, 19th JI., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Higgs, George W..Co. F, loth M., Juno 4, 1862,3 months; 166th, August, 
 
 1862, 9 months; Co. C, 98th ; died of wounds received at Cold Har- 
 bor, June, 1864. 
 Hilleker, Alonzo, 48th, Aug. 5, 1861 ; killed at Fort Wagner, June, 1863. 
 Hines, Stephen, 166th, AuRUst, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Higgs, Cornelius, 166th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Hill, Lewis H., 13th U. S. Colored; 1 year. 
 Horton, George W., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Howard, James E., 7th Ind. Bat., Aug. 16, 1861. 
 Homeny, Adam, 20th, May, 1861. 
 Hobb, John, 166tli, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Holley, George, 124th, call of August, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Human, AVilliam A., 124tli, call of August, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Hopkins, William H., 7th Art., between July aud October, 1863. 
 Home, Francis, Raney's Vols.; 1 year. 
 Howard, John, 56lh ; 1 year. 
 Hozier, Wm. H., surgeon, 174th ; resigned. 
 Hoffman, "Wm. H., 156th ; died of diarrhcea at New Orleans. 
 Hoppenback, Austen, Feb. 28, 1865. 
 Hulse, Lewis H., Co. I. 71st M., June, 1862, 3 months ; Hawkins' Zouaves, 
 
 August, 1862; U.S.N., 1863. 
 Hume, Henry C, Co. I, 71st M., June, 1S62; 3 months. 
 Hunter, John, 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 27, 1801. 
 
 Hunter, David 0., 7tli Ind. Bat., Oct. 17,1861; re-enl. call of Oct. 17,1863. 
 Hunter, Alpheus S., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Hunt, Robert C, Co. D, 19th M., Juno 4, 1862, 3 njonths; Co. C, 124th, 
 
 jviig. 8, 1862, 3 yeai-s; wounded in right breast May 12, 1864, while 
 
 charging enemy's breastworks at Spottsylvania Conrt-House ; diseh. 
 
 at hospital ; pro. Corp. 
 Hughes, James B. (ord.-sergt.), 11th, April 27, 1861 ; 66th, 1864, 1 year. 
 Hnddleson, William, U.S.N., '• Cactus," 1861. 
 Hughes, Joseph, 7th Art., 1863. 
 Hunter, Titus, Colored. 
 Hughes, William, 15th Art. 
 
 Hynes, John, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Hyatt, Abraham, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 4, 1862, 3 years; disch. Feb. 2, 1S64, 
 
 at Brandy Station, Va., by order of Gen. Birney. 
 Ireland, Alfred, Co. D, 19lh M., June 4. 1862; 3 months. 
 Ireland, James, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1S62, 3 months; 56th, Aug. 27, 
 
 1864, 1 year. 
 Ireland, William C, 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 Ireland, Albert, oOth, Sept. 1, 1864; 1 year. 
 Ireland, Levi, 56th, Aug. 16, 1864; 1 year. 
 Jackson, Israel D, Co. B, 36tli, June 17, 1861; 2 years. 
 Jackson, Andrew, Co. B, 36£h, June 22, 1861, 2 years; mortally wounded 
 
 at Malvern Hill; died of wounds July 1, 1862. 
 Jamison, John, Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Jaggei-, John W., sergt., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Jamisun, David S., Co. 1, 19tb M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 166th, August, 
 
 1862, 9 months; Co. C, 98th, January, 1864, 3 years; severely 
 
 wouuded at Colli Harbor, June 3, 1864. 
 Jagger, David, major, lotli M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Jackson, Leonard L., Co. A, 124th, call of Aug. II, 1862,3 years; wounded 
 
 in arm May 5, 1864 ; dlsch. at hospital. 
 Irving, John R., U.S.N., " Colorado," 1862. 
 Irwin, Hugh, 5th Art., 1864; 1 year. 
 Jackson, Nathaniel, Co. I, 124th, August 14, 1862, 3 years; wounded in 
 
 ankle at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. 
 Jackson, William, Colored. 
 Jackson, Ca-sar, 20tli Colored. 
 Jackson, Luke, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Jeffery, John, Co I, 7l8t M., June, 1862, 3 months ; 2d (Harris) Cavalry, 
 
 August, 1862, 3 years. 
 Jennings, Charles, Co.D, 56th, Oct. 28. 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Jenkinson, Isaac, capt., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; capt, 
 
 168th, Jan. 20, 1863, 9 months. 
 Jennings, John, U.S.N., " Kerens," 1864. 
 
 Jennings, George, 56th ; 1 year, 
 
 Jones, Erwin A., Co. B, 3d, 1861, 2 years : 1st lieut.. May 14, 1861 ; capt., 
 
 Sept. 14, 1861 ; dismissed Aug. 16, 1862. 
 Jones, Walter D., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years; 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 Joy, William, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 yeai-s ; disch. for disability 
 Aug. 15, 1862, 9 months ; re-enl. in 168th, and subsequently (Jan. 16, 
 1864j in 63d ; killed in Wilderness, April 12, 1864 ; name on rolls as 
 Joy and Joice. 
 Jones, Michael, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Johnston, John F., sergt., Co. L, 19th SI,, June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Johnston, Thomas, Co, L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Jones, David, Cavalry, 1861. 
 Joyce, John, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 18, 1862,3 years; trans, to Vet. Ees. 
 
 Corps June, 1864. 
 Jones, Joseph, Co. G, l*24th, August 14, 1862, 3 years; pro. Corp. March 
 
 12, 1865. 
 Jones, James, Co. A, 124th, July 22, 1862, 3 years; disch. Sept. 17, 1863. 
 Johnston, Joseph H., Co. E. I24th, Aug. 13, 1862, 3 years; wounded in 
 
 hip severely May 6, 1864. 
 .Tuhnson, Augustus, Colored. 
 Johnson, George, Colored. 
 Johnson, Andrew, Colored. 
 Johnson, William, 5th Art. 
 Jones, James, 63d, 1864. 
 Joice, William, 40th, Feb. 10, 1864. 
 Johnson, William, U. S. Colored ; 1 year. 
 Jones, Adiilphus, Feb. 21, 1865. 
 Knapp, William H., Co. I, 7l3t, June 28, 1861, 3 months; Co. C, 98th • 
 
 wounded at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. 
 Kane, Eugene, Co. B, 56th, (.)ct. 28, 1861, 2 jears; re-enl. 1864. 
 Knapp, Alonzo, 7th Ind, Bat., Oct. 15, 1861. 
 Kain, Jolin (3d corp,), Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Kane, Patrick, Co. 1, 124th, Aug, 12, 1862,3 years; wounded in arm June 
 
 15, 1864, and arm amputated ; disch, Aug, 31, 1864. 
 Knapp, John H., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 20, 1862; 3 years. 
 Kane, Edgar A,, 156th, August, 1862. 
 Kennedy, James, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Kenny, Timothy, sergt., Co, B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years; wounded in 
 
 arm at Malvern Hill ; honorably noticed for conduct at Fair Oaks 
 
 and Malvern Hill, 
 Kennedy, Henry, Co, I, 7l8t M,, June 28, 1861; 3 months. 
 Keiter, .\uguBtus, Co. I, 7l8t M., June, 1862; 3 months. 
 Kehoe, Edwaid J., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Keeler, William, Co. E, D6th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Kelly, Edward, sergt., 7th Ind. Bat,, Oct. 1, 1861. 
 Keaney, Edward, 7th Iiid, Bat,, Sept, 1, 1861, 
 Kelly, James, 7th Ind, Bat, ; re-enl, in same battery, 1863. 
 Kerrigan, Robert, 1st sergt., Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Kellosher, Charles, U.S.N., *' Maumee." 
 Keeley, Albert, 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Ketihum, James M., Co, G, 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years ; detached as 
 
 provost-gTiard 3d Div, H, Q, 
 Keeler, Robert S,, Ist lieut., 15th Art., Aug. 23, 1864; bvt. capt. N.T.V. 
 Keane, Frederick W., Co. C, 98th ; disch, at hospital. 
 Kehoe, John, 63d, 1864, 
 
 Kimball, George H., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 2 yeare, 
 Kidd, I, Oscar, Co. I, 7l8t M., June, 1862,3 months; U.S.N., "Gertrude " 
 
 1863 ; 56th, Sept. 27, 1864, 1 year. 
 Kirby, George, Co. A, 56th, Oct. '28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Kinslear, George, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 KnifTen, Abram, 2d lieut., Tth Ind. Bat., Oct. 1, 1861 ; pro. to 1st lieut. 
 
 Dec, 30, 1862, 
 Kliue, Henry, 7th lud. Bat,, Sept, 16, 1861, 
 Kniffen, Charles, 7th Ind, Bat,, Oct. 6, 1861, 
 Kisselbrack, Minard, 7th Ind, Bat,, Oct, 17, 1861 ; re-enl. in same in 
 
 1863 ; died while home on furlough. 
 Kirk, David H,, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Kimbark, John T., Co, L, 19th M., June 4, 1862: 3 months. 
 King, William H., 2d (Black Horse) Cavalry, 1861 ; Co. L, 19th M., June 
 
 4, 1862,3 months; 63d. 
 Kimball, Harvey, Co. A, 124th, Aug. 8, 1862, 3 years ; disch. Aug. 28, "63. 
 King, George. G., Co, C, 124tli, August, 1862,3 years; killed Sept. 10, 
 
 1864, near Peterebnrg, Va., while in the act of removing from the 
 
 field Lieut.-Col. Michael, of 20th Ind., who had been wounded. 
 King, William, Co. C, 124th, August, 1862, 3 years; disch. April 16, 1863. 
 Kimball, Eliphalet B , Ch,, B, 3d, August, 1862, 3 years ; died of diarrhcea 
 
 Nov, 20, 1863, 
 
342 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Kirwin, William, IBSth, August, 18C2; i) months. 
 King, Bernard, 15th Cavali*y. 
 King, Patrick, loth Cavalry. 
 King, Theodore \V., Colored. 
 Kirkpatrick, Joseph, loth Cavalry. 
 Knight, William, 26th U. S. Colored. 
 Kinkade, John, loth Art., Jan. 20, 18G4. 
 Kilday, Patrick, 6:Jd. 
 Krismyre, Conrad, 1st Engineers. 
 Kirk, Cliarles A., 2d Cavalry. 
 
 Krismyre, Henry, IGtUh, August, 1862; li months. 
 
 Kimher, Herhert P., Co. K, Gtli, 18G1 ; wounded at Gaines' Mills; taken 
 prisoner at tentporary hospital at Savage's Station ; exchanged ; disch. 
 for disability at convalescent camp. 
 Knowlea, Benjamin E., 7th Ind. Bat., 1861 ; re-enl. 1863. 
 Kronk, Charles W., U.S.N. , ''Nereus," lS(i4. 
 Knowlea, John, lG8th, August, 1862; 9 mouths. 
 Klyne, Charles G., Co. A, 124tli, Aug. 12, 1862 ; 3 yeare. 
 Lau'sou, William S., Co. B, -U], May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Lamb, Frederick, Co. B, 36tii, June 17, 1861, 2 years ; 63d, 186-t. 
 Laughlin, John, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Lawson, Sylvester B. (lleut.l, Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861,3 months; 1st 
 lieut., Berdau's Sharjjsliooters, June 30,1864; Co. H, 124th (trans, 
 from Berdan's Sbarpshuuters), 2d lieut., March 19, 1865. 
 Laubenheimer, Adiini, Co. 1>, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Laforge, James, Co. E, 19th M.,Juue 4, 1862,3 months; died offerer 
 
 Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Lamb, George H., Co. E. 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 mouths. 
 Latour, R. James, Co. E, 19th M.. June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Lawrence, Thomas, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months ; 168th, Au- 
 gust, 18G2, 9 montlis. 
 Larue, John T., 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years ; wounded in shoulder at 
 
 Gettysburg. 
 Lancaster, Benjamin, 124th, Aug. 6, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Lawson, Joseph, 166th, August, 1862 ; died in service, of consumption, 
 
 March 7, 1863. 
 Lamoreux, George C, 7th Ind. Bat., 1863. 
 Lamoreux, Charles H., loth Cavalry. 
 Lafarge, Eli V., 7th Bat., Oct. 17, 1863; died in hospital at Furt Monroe, 
 
 Va., July 6,1864. 
 Lauchback, John, 124tli, Dec. 31, 1863 ; 3 years. 
 Lambertson, William, Raney's Vols., Sept. 3"! 1864; 1 year. 
 Lawrence, William S., U.S.N., 1864; 3 years. 
 
 Leonard, Marcus, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 yeai-s; re-enl. in 7th Heavy 
 Art. ; shot in right breast, causing loss of use of arm, at Cold Har- 
 bor, May 30, 1864; discli. for disability. 
 Lewis, John N., 2d lieut, Co. B, 3Gth, June 17, 1861, 2 years; pro. to 1st 
 lieut. Nov. 12, 1861 ; recommended for promotion as captain for dis- 
 tinguished services at Fair Oaks and Malvern Hill; assisted in 
 recruiting a company for 03d. 
 Lewis, Charles E., 2d sergt., Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years; 1st sergt., 
 Oct. 1, 1862; 2d lieut, Nov. 12, 18G1 ; 1st lieut, Aug. 20, 1862, and 
 trana. to Co. A ; his promotion as 1st lieut. was for "distinguished 
 services at Malvern Hill ;" recruited company for 63d in 1863-64, but 
 did not go out. 
 Lodwith, John, Co. B, 36th, May 13, 1861, 2 years; trans, to Co. F, No- 
 vember, 1861. 
 Lent, Henry, Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. 
 Lee, William H., 2d lieut, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 2, 1861 ; res. May 14, 1862. 
 Legg, Nelson, 7th Ind. Bat, Sept. 25, 1861. 
 Leo, James, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Levitt, Charles E., Co. E, I'Jth M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Leeper, Joseph M., capt., 140th, Dec. lU, 1862; disch. March 26, 1864. 
 Leighton, Jacob M., 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Leeper, Samuel, 168th, call of August, 1862, 9 months; Co. C, 98th ; 
 
 wounded at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. 
 Lee, Francis, Co. B, 124th, Aug. 12, 1862, 3 years; taken prisoner at 
 
 Chancellorsvillc; paroled May 14, 1863. 
 Lewis, Houls, Hawkins' Zouaves, August, 1862, 
 Levine, Jacob, Colored. 
 
 Lewis, William H. H., IGth Art. Dec. 28, 1863. 
 Lewis, Morgan, Colored. 
 LeRoy, Edward, otith, Aug. 16, 18G4; 1 year. 
 Leibsliner, Chailes, 4Stli ; killed in ussault on Fort Wagner. 
 Litze, Henry, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. 1864. 
 Little, David, 7tli Ind. Bat., Nov. 26, 1861 ; died in hospital at Antioch 
 Church, Va., May 28, 1862. 
 
 Lindsay, Joseph, 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 4, 1861 ; re-enl. 
 Lindsey, James B., corp., Co. D, 19tli M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Little, Edward, drummer, Co. L, IDth M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Little, Edward W.,168tli, August, 1852, 9 months; sub. in loth Cavalry; 
 
 died of diarrha-a Dec. 7, 1864. 
 Little, John J., 2d (Harris) Cavalry, August, 1862; 3 years. 
 Linderman, Willet H., lath Cavalry. 
 
 Low, George S., sergt., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Lockwood, James H., Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 166th, 
 
 August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Lounsbury, Thomas, Co. 1, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Lowers, Andrew, Co. L, 19tli M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 mouths. 
 Law, James, lieut.-col., 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 mouths ; 168th, August, 
 
 18G2, 9 months; resigned Aug. 27, 1863. 
 Loomas, William B., U.S.N., •' Nereus," 1864. 
 Loughbridge, Daniel, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 11, 1862,3 years; wounded in 
 
 shoulder at Chancellorsville; pro. corp., sergt. 
 Lockwood, David C. (sergt.), Co. B, 36tli, June 17, 1861, 2 years; right 
 
 name " Lockard ;" served full term. 
 Loumy, John, musician, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years; taken from 
 
 service by his jiarents. 
 Lomas, Edward H., Corp., Co. B, o6th. Oct. 28,1861,2 years; 2d lieut., 
 
 Aug. 11, 1863; 1st lieut, Aug. 12, 1864; dismissed Jan. 9, 1865. 
 Lomas, Joseph, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. 1864. 
 Lockwood, John. Co. B, TiGth, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Lockwood, Absalom, 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 23, 1861. 
 Low, Andrew, 7th Ind. Bat, Sept. 25, 1861. 
 Lozier, Charles, Co. I, 124tli, Aug. 15, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Lockwood, William M., 63d. 
 Low, Francis, Colored, 18G4. 
 Lowden, George, 7tb Ind. Bat, Oct 17, 1S63. 
 Lossee, Gilbert A., Feb. 24, 1865. 
 Lousberry, Marcus D., March 2, 1865. 
 
 Lumney, Patrick, Co. B. 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years ; trans, to Co, F. 
 Luther, George, Co. I, 7tst M., June 28, 1861 ; three months. 
 Luther, Francis, 7th (:id) Cavalry, Dec. 31, 1861. 
 Luyster, John P.. 7th Art., between Oct. 17, 1863, and July, 1864. 
 Ludlow, John, Colored. 
 
 Lutes, Calvin C, Co, A, 124th, Aug. 9,1862; 3 yeare. 
 Lynch, Richard (corp.), Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Lynch, James, 5th Cavalry, 1861. 
 Lynn, James, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 Lyon, Charles H., 1st lieut., 16th Cavalry, Jan. 6, 1864; disch. by consoli- 
 dation. June 17, 1865; brevet capt. N.Y.V. 
 Lybolt, Archibald, 9th Art., Dec. 30, 1863 ; 3 years. 
 McCann, Julm J., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 McGrady, Felix, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years; traufl. to " Scott's 900 ;** 
 
 died in New Orleans in 1864. 
 McCann, Charles, Cu. B, 36th, Juue 17, 1861, 2 years; trans, to Co. P. 
 McCabe, William, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years; served full term 
 
 and re-enl. in " Hawkins' Second Zouaves." 
 McGrath, Michael, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861 ; two years. 
 McLaughlin, Dennis, Co. I, 71st M., Juue, 1862; 3 months. 
 McManus, John, Co. B, 5Gth, Oct 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 McCabe, John, Co. B, Oct 28, 1861, 2 years; killed at Fair Oaks, 1862. 
 McCauley, Robert, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 McCann, Henry, Co. D, 19th M., June 4,1862,3 months; Co. C, 98th, 
 
 1864. 
 McAnulty, Bernard, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 McLaughlin, John E., Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 15th Cav- 
 
 ali:y, 1864. 
 McAuley, John, 3d Regt., August, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 McAuley, Andrew, 3d Regt, August, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 McAllister, John H., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 18, 1S62, 3 years; wounded at 
 
 Chancellorsville ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. 
 McCartney, Robert, Co. K, 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years; wounded in 
 
 right arm at Chancellorsville; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. 
 McGaw, John, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 22, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 McLane, William, 166th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 McLaughlin, John E., 16Stli, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 McNamara, Patrick, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 17, 1863. 
 McCall, William, 15th Cavalry. 
 McGrath, George. 
 McFarrel, Josei'h, 1st Engineers. 
 McAvoy, James, 63d. 
 McAnany. James, Co. C, 98th, 1864. 
 McDauiels, Daniel, Co. C, 9Sth; died at Fort Schuyler, March, 1864. 
 
NEWBUllGH. 
 
 843 
 
 McFadden, Kobert, Co. C, 98th. 
 
 McManu, Hugh, U.S.N. ; 1 year. 
 
 McCauley, Thomas, Raney's Vols.;l year. 
 
 McElrath, Thomas, Co. B, Sil, May U, 1801 ; 2 years. 
 
 McCready, Tliomas, Co. B, 3Cth, Sept. .s, 1862, 2 years ; trans, to 65th. 
 
 McCleary, Johu, Co. B, 3Cth, June 17, 1861, 2 years; Corp., Co. C, 98th, 
 
 January, 1SG4; wounded at Swift Creek, May 9, 1864. 
 McMeekiu, John, 2d sergt., Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; 3d 
 
 sergt., Co. I, Tist 31., June, 1862, 3 months. 
 McVettie, William, Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 McNeal, John, Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862; 3 months. 
 McSherry, Thomas J., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862; 3 months. 
 McPhelmy, Amos, 7lh Iml. Bat., Oct. 1, 1861. 
 McCreery, John, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Mcleary, George, Ist sergt., Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 McLean, John T., Co. F, lUth M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 McLeau, Johu, Jr., Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 McCleary, George, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 McCleary, Rohert, 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 McDermot, John, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 McElroy, Jolin, l6Bth, call of August, 1862 ; 9 mouths. 
 McVey, Charles, 16Sth, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 McVeigh, Charles, Co. A, 124th, Aug. 11, 1862, 3 years ; died Dec. 27, 
 
 1862, of typhoid fever. 
 MoPeek, Henry, 7th Bat., Oct. 17, 1863. 
 
 McClenn.in, Kenneth, Co. 1, 124th, Doc. 25, 1863 ; trans, to 93d. 
 McKee, David J., 1st Engineers. 
 McKeug, John, Feb. 28,1865. 
 McMillan, Archibald, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years; wounded in 
 
 right leg at Malvern Hill ; leg amputated. 
 McSkimmin, Samuel, Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; Co. I, 7lBt 
 
 M., June, 1802, 3 mouths. 
 Mclntyre, Martin V., ord.-sergt., 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 26, 1861 ; lat lieut., 
 
 Feb. 14, 1802. 
 McKissock, David, 7tli Ind. Bat., Sept. 14, 1861. 
 McMilleu, James, U.S.N., " Kittatinny.'' 
 McBride, Thomas, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 20, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 McGibbon, George, 56th, March 14, 1864. 
 McKnight, Alexander, 63il. 
 McGinnis, David, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 17, 1863. 
 McBride, James, loth Art., Jan. 29, 1864; 3 years. 
 McDonald, William, Co. 1, 71st M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 McDougal, Andrew D., Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1801 ; 3 months. 
 McCotter, Robert, Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862; 3 months. 
 McDowell, William, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1801 ; 3 years. 
 McDonald, John, 7th Ind. Bat., Aug. 10, 1861. 
 McDowell, John H., Co. B, 30th, June 17, 1861, 2 years; detailed as 
 
 wagoner. 
 McCormick, Robert, Co. B, 36tli, June 17, 1801, 2 years; an orphan boy 
 
 who proved a faithful drummer. 
 McDonald, James, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 McGowan, Michael, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 McConnell, James, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 15th Cavalry. 
 McGovern, William, f'o. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 McCoUum, George, Co. L, Ulth M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 McCollins, Henry, Ist Mounted Rifles, Oct. 22, 1861. 
 McDowell, John, Corp., 7th (2d) Cavalry, Sept. 1, 1801. 
 McCloy, Joseph, 51st, Aug. 10, 1861. 
 McCoUum, James, Co. A, 124tli, Aug. 6, 1802, 3 years ; disch. Feb. 16, 
 
 1864. 
 McCoy, James, Co. K, 124th, Aug. 16, 1862; 3 years. 
 McGowen, William, 3d, August, 1802; 3 years. 
 McCroskey, Theodore, 166th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 McGoug, William, 3d, .\ugust, 1802 ; 3 years. 
 McCormack, Francis, Co. C, 98th ; disch. March 6, 1864. 
 McConnell, Robert, Co. C, 98th. 
 McDonald, I'atrick J., 15th Cavalry. 
 McGowan, Edward, 2d Cavalry. 
 McConnell, William, 15th Cavalry. 
 McGovern, Thomas, 16th Art., Dec. 24, 1863 ; 3 years. 
 McConnell, Hugh, 5l'.th, Aug. 27, 1804; 1 year. 
 McDonald, Andrew, Fob. 8, 1605. 
 McCord, John, March 2, 1805. 
 McKuue, Theodore J., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years ; died Feb. 6, 1865 
 
 (out of service). 
 McCluskey, Joseph W., Co. I, 7l3t M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 McKune, Charles F., 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 1, 1861. 
 
 McGuire, Hugh, 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 9, 18G1 ; re-enl. 1863. 
 
 McHugh, Tliomas (2d corp), Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 McCutclieon. David, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 12, 1861. 
 
 McMunn, William, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Nov. 22, 1861. 
 
 McQuaid, Samuel, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 15, 1SG2, 3 years ; Corp., Nov. 1, 1862 ; 
 
 wounded at Gettysburg ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. 
 McCue, James, Co. 1, 98th, between Oct. 17, 1863, and July, 1864 ; disch. 
 
 for disability. 
 Manny, Eleazer, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1801 ; 2 years. 
 Mann, Alexander, Co. B, 3d; 2d lieut.. May 14, 1861 ; 1st lieut., Sept. 14, 
 
 1861; capt, April 21, 1862. 
 Mabie, Jeremiah D,, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; pro. sergt. ; 2d Jieut., Sept. 
 
 14, 1861 ; 1st lieut., Nov. 11, 1861 ; capt., Oct. 23, 1863 ; disch. Sept. 
 
 18, 1864. 
 Masterson, James, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Martin, Thomas, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. in 7th H. Art. 
 Mapes, Henry C, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. in same 
 
 company. 
 Martin, David, Co. B, 3flth, June 17, 1861, 2 years; died of fever Nov. 15, 
 
 1861. 
 Mann, John, Co. B, 36th, May 10, 1861, 2 years; wounded at Malvern 
 
 Hill ; disch. for disability from wounds Feb. 25j 1863. 
 Many, fllortimer, Co. B, 36th. June 17, 1861, 3 yeare; disch. for disability. 
 Martin, John D. R., Co. B, 36th, June 21, 1861, 2 years; 2d lieut., Co. E, 
 
 July 8, 1S(;2; 1st lieut., Co. C, January, 1863. 
 Marsh, Edwin J. F., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862, 3 months; 15th Cavalry. 
 Masten, Peter F., Co. I, 7Ut M., June, 1862, 3 months ; 50th, 1864, 1 year. 
 Marvel, Thomas S., Jr., capt., Co. .\, 56th, Oct.28, 1801, 2 years; res. Aug. 
 
 5, 1862. 
 Mahle, William, Co. B, 50th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; killed at Fair Oaks, 
 
 1862. 
 Matthews, George, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. 1864. 
 Matthews, James H., Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. 1864. 
 Martin, Thomas, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. in Raney's 
 
 Vols., 1864, 1 year. 
 Mack, Jesse, 7th Ind. Bat., Aug. 16, 1861 ; re-enl. 1863. 
 Maer, Joseph, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 19, 1861. 
 Mapes, John F., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 9, 1861; re-enl. 1863. 
 Marvin, William B. (1st lieut.), Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Mason, Joseph L., Co. D, Ulth M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Maholand, James, Co. E, I'Jth M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Mansfield, William L., tki. F, 19tli M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Martin, William, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Masten, John K. (sergt.), Co. I, 19tli M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Mackey, Harrison G., Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 mouths. 
 Malone, John, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Maxwell, Kobert, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 12, 1861. 
 Mackimson, Hugh, 5th, 1861; sergt., Co. C, 98th, Jan. 1, 1864; taken 
 
 prisoner June 24, 1804 ; exch. and disch. June 22, 1805. 
 Mapes, Charles J., U.S.N., " Iroquois," 1863. 
 Mapes, Albert W., U.S.N., " Susquehanna," 1864. 
 Mabie, George W., 168th, 1802; 9 months. 
 
 Marvin, George C, 2d lieut., 168th, Jan. 20, 1863; 1862, 9 months. 
 Mattern, Johu, 168tli, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Marvel, Benjamin, lOSth, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Maxstead, William, 108th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Maleese, John H., 168th, August, 1862, 9 months; 56th, July 18, 1864, 1 
 
 year. 
 Madden, John, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 Martin, Isaac M. (2d lieut.), Aug. 20, 1862; Co. I, 124th, 3 years; dis- 
 missed May 15, 1863, for absence without leave while sick. 
 Malcom, Samuel, 168th, August, 1862; mouths. 
 Marvin, Henry, Co. A, 124tll, Aug. 8, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Manny, Matthew, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 13, 1862, 3 years; wounded in arm 
 
 May 6, 1864; wounded in head April 6, 1865 ; taken prisoner May 6, 
 
 1864. 
 Mnjor, Hugh, Co. K, 124th, Aug. 18, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 
 Mathers, , Colored. 
 
 Mangiu, Robert, Colored. 
 
 Manny, Daniel, 7th Ind. Bat., Dec. 26, 1863; died of wounds, Point of 
 
 Rocks, Va., July 26, 1864. 
 Matthews, Hugh H., Co. I, 98th, 1864. 
 Matthews, Henry, Colored. 
 MaiTin, Edwin, hosp.-steward, Co. C, 98th. 
 Martin, John H., 56th, March 14, 1864. 
 Mangin, Charles, Colored. 
 Mack , James D., 5th Cavalry. 
 
344 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Mackney, Abram, 5Gth, March 14, 1804. 
 Manny, William, 6;td. 
 Maaten, I>anie), o6tli. 
 Maaten, Hezekiali C , 128tli ; 1 year. 
 Masten, Selah F., orith ; 1 year. 
 Mann, George, 183il ; 1 year, 
 Machin, Edward, Itaney's Vols,; 1 year. 
 Mack, Patrick, Ranej's Vols.; 1 year, 
 Matthews, Artliur J., Feb. 27, ISB.'i, 
 Manny, Olortimer, Feb. 27, 186i>. 
 Maloy, Joseph, March 7, 1865, 
 
 Merwin, David S., Co. B,36th, May 16, 1861, 2 years; corp, on organiza- 
 tion of company; pro, to 1st sergt.; to gergt.-major; to 2d lieut. 
 Mead, Thaddeus, Co, I. 71st M,, June, 1862; 3 months, 
 Metcalf, John, Co, E, 66th, Oct, 28, 1861, 2 years; Ist lieut., April 24, 1863 ; 
 
 capt.. May 1, 1865. 
 Meed, John, Co. L, 56th, Oct, 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Merritt, George W,, 7th Ind, Bat., Sept. 9, 1861 ; re-enl, call of Oct, 17, 
 
 186:i. 
 Bleltz, Adam, 7th Ind. But., re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 18G3. 
 Medina, Julius A., Co. I), 19th M., Juno 4, 1862, 3 months ; Co, C, 98th ; 
 
 disch, at hospital. 
 Meeds, Cephas, 3d, August, 1862 ; 3 yearB, 
 
 Meyers, John Adam, Co. 1, 121th, August, 1802, 3 years ; trans, to quar- 
 termaster's department. 
 Mehan, John R., Co. K, 124th, Aug, 20, 1862, 3 years; disch, April 17, 
 
 1863, for disability, 
 Meyers, William, 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Meyers, Ben.jamin, 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 mnutlis. 
 Messenger, George, 18th Cavalry, 
 Mead, Patrick J., Co. C, 'J8th. 
 Merritt, Charles F., o6th, Aug. 16, 1864; 1 year. 
 Melrose, John, Feb. 6, 1866, 
 Mills, DeWitt Coe, Co, B, 3d, May 11, 1861, 2 years; must, out and re- 
 
 eulisted. 
 Miller, Andrew, Co. B, May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Millspaugh, Charles C, Co, B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Milliken, David, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years; disch. for disability. 
 Millikeu, Harvey, cor|)., Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Millspaugh, Jonathan M., Corp., Co. B, 36tli, June 17, 1861, 2 years; 
 
 wounded in foot while exercising with gun ; a faithful soldier. 
 Miller, John, Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 Miller, William M., drummer, Co. I, 7l8t BI., Juu.-, ISG2; 3 months. 
 Miliiken, John N., Co, I, 7l8t M,, June, 1862 ; 3 monllis. 
 Mink, John, Co. I, 71st M.. June, 1862; 3 months. 
 Miller, Harmon B , nnisician, Co, A, 60th, Oct, 28, 1801, 2 .vears; died of 
 
 lever Jan. 28, 1862. 
 Millspaugh, Virgil, Co. B, 66th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Miller, Jolm, Co, B, oOtli, Oct, 28, 1861 ; 2 years, 
 Milton, James H. F., Co. F, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; 1st lieut., Aug. 29, 
 
 1801; capt., Aug. 5, 1802. 
 Milliken, Francis B., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months, 
 Mitchell, William, Co, E, 19th M,, June 4, 1802, 3 months ; 108th, August, 
 
 1802, 9 njonths. 
 Miller, Henry, Co, F, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 160th, August, 
 
 1802, 9 months, 
 Mickle, William, Co, L, 19th M,, June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Mills, William, 5th Cavalry. 
 Miller, John, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug, 10, 1861. 
 Minnick, Francis, U.S.N., '• Vermont," 1804. 
 Millspaugh, James, 168th, August, 1802,9 months; died of fever July 31, 
 
 1803. 
 Mitchell, Oliver B., 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Mittee, Benjamin, 168th, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Miller, Lewis P., Co. G, 124th, Aug. 14, 1S62, 3 years; wounded at Chan- 
 
 cellorsville. May 3, 1863; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. 
 MillspaMgh, .\ndrew P., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 11, 1862, 3 years; wounded 
 
 May 3, 1863, and May 10, 1864 ; pro. sergt. Sept, 1, 1863, 
 Millspaugh, Jeduthan, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 11, 1862, 3 years; wounded in 
 
 breast, severe. May 12, 1864; taken prisoner in action Oct, 27, 1864, 
 Millspaugh, Archibald V„ Co, G, 124th, Jan, 1, 1804, 3 years; sei-ved 9 
 
 months in lOSth, and re-enl. as a veteran as above ; trans, to 93d, 
 Milliken, William H,, Co, 1, 124th, Aug, 13, 1862, 3 years; trans, to Vet. 
 
 Res. Corps, Nov, 13, 1803, 
 Millson, Thomas, Co. C, 124th, Aug. 20, 1802; 3 years. 
 Miller, Joseph, 143d. 
 Miller, Frederick A,, 15th Cavalry. 
 
 Mitchell, P. Nicoll, 56th, Aug. 27, 1804 ; 1 year. 
 
 Millspaugh, Henry D., Feb. 9, 1865. 
 
 Moshier, John, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years ; disch. for disability. 
 
 Mosely, Henry, Co, B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years ; trans, to Co, F, June 
 
 30, 1861. 
 Mould, J, W, R,, Co, I, 7lBt M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months, 
 Montgomery, James B., Co, I, 71st M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; 4th sergt., 
 
 Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862, 3 months. 
 Moore, George, Co, I, 71st M,, June 28, 1801, 3 months ; corp,, Co, L, 19th 
 
 M., June 4, 1862, 3 months, 
 Moore, John, 7th Ind, Bat., Oct. 4, 1861 ; died in hospital at Washington, 
 
 Dec. 25, 1801. 
 Mote, John S., 7th Ind. Bat.; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Mortou, George C, Co. I, 7)stM., June 2s, 1801 ; 3 months. 
 Morris, John C, Co. B, 50th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; re-enl, call of March 
 
 14,1804, 
 Mosher, Elijah, Co, E, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Mosher, William A., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Mooney, Patrick, Co. F, 19th M„ June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Mooney, John, sergt,, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Morgan, Joseph, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months, 
 Morris, Jesse, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Moss, John K., musician, 9th, May, 1801, 
 Monson, Frank, U,S,N,, "Florida." 
 Moshier, Charles, U.S.N., 1803. 
 
 Morehouse, Isaac N., 168th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Moore, William, Co, 1, 124th, Aug, 20, 1862, 3 years; killed at Gettys- 
 burg, July 2, 1863, 
 Moores, James B., 121th, Aug. 7, 1802, 3 years ; Corp. ; died July 8, 1863, 
 
 of wouuds received at Gettysburg: buried at Gettysburg, in Section 
 
 B. A native of New Windsor. 
 Montgomery, James, Co. C, 124th, August, 1802, 3 years; disch. Dec. 21, 
 
 1863, for disability. 
 Montfort, R. V. K., asst. surg., 124th, August, 1802 ; 3 years. 
 Monk, Edward I., 7l8t, call of .\ugnst, 1802. 
 Morton, E. M., 18th Cavalry. 
 Mooney, William, 15th Cavalry. 
 Moran, George, Colored. 
 Monagan, P. K., l."»th Cavalry. 
 Morgan, Charles, 15th Cavalry. 
 Moshier, Harvey, 13th Art. 
 Morris, John, 159th, Sept. 20, 1804; 1 year. 
 Morgan, Hamilton, Feb, 27, 1865, 
 Murphy, John, Co, B, 3Gth, June 17, 1861, 2 years; wounded at Malvern 
 
 Hill ; re-enl. in 18th Cavalry, 
 Murphy, Stephen, corp,, serg,, Co. B, 30th, June 17, 1801, 2 years ; hon- 
 orably noticed for services at Fair Oaks and Malvern Hill ; must. 
 
 out July 15, 1863. 
 Murray, James, Co. G, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, two years; re-enl. call of March 
 
 14, 1864. 
 Muir, Samuel A., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Murphy, Owen, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Murphy, Michael, Co, I, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Murphy, William, 166th, call of August, 1862: 9 months, 
 Munks, James, 15th Cavalry, 
 Murphy, John, 63d. 
 Murphy, James, Co. C, 98th. 
 Murphy, Charles, Co, C, 98th, 
 Murphy, Stephen, 168th, August, 1862 ; 9 months, 
 Munn, James, 90th; died of fever July 15, 1863. 
 Murray, Henry, March 7, 1865. 
 
 Myers, Alfred B., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Myers, James W., Co. 1, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months, 
 Myers, George W., 56th ; 1 year, 
 Myers, John, Raney's Vols, ; 1 year. 
 Newport, Thomas, Co. B, 36lh, June 26, 1861, 2 years; slightly wounded 
 
 at Malvern Hill. 
 Newman, William H,, Co, B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. call of 
 
 March 14, 1864. 
 Nelson, Augustus, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 28, 1861. 
 Newman, George, Co. C, 98th. 
 Nevill, Dennis, 56th, Aug. 27, 1804; 1 year. 
 Nixon, John, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Nichols, James, Co. B, 30th, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Nixon, Edward, Co, G, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. call of March 
 
 14, 1804. 
 Nicholas, James, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 345 
 
 Nickerson, Joscpli, U.S.X., '* Pantlicon." 
 
 Nickereon, Alexander, IGSth, call of August, 1862; 9 montliB. 
 
 Nichmaller, Henry, insth, call of August, 1862; 9 mouths. 
 
 Nicol, James, Co. K, 124tli, Aug. 1.5, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 
 Nichols, George L., Feb. 27, 1865. 
 
 Noonau, James, Co. B, 36th, Juno 17, 1861, 2 years: ilied March, 1863. 
 
 Norman, Charles (1st sergt.), Co. li, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 O'FarrolI, Francis, Co. B, 36th, June 17, IS61, 2 years ; houorahly noticed 
 for services at Fair Oaks and Malvern Hill ; captured flag of 14th 
 N. C. Confed. Regt. at Malvern Hill, and slightly wounded. 
 
 Oaknian, Robert, 7th Ind. Bat., Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 Oakley, William C. (2d lieut.), Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Ostrandei-, David \V., 7th (2d) Cavalry, Dec. 2, 1861. 
 
 Oakley, Jacob K. R., lieut.. Co. C, 168th, call of August, 1862, 9 months; 
 Co. C, 98th, 1864; 1st lieut., March 5, 1864; appointed adjt. Nov. 14, 
 18G4; com. capt. Sept. 18, 1864, but not mustered. 
 
 Ostrander, John, Co. G, 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 yeai-s; disch. Jan. 11, '64. 
 
 Owen, Peter, Co. B, 36th, Sept. 17, 1862, 3 years; trans, to 65th. 
 
 Odcll, George, Co. A, 5Gth, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Owens, Richard, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 O'Neil, Daniel L., 4th Corp., Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Odell, Morvalden, Co. C, 124th, August, 18G2, 3 years; detailed to ambu- 
 lance train Sept. 13, 186;J; pro. to Corp. May 1, 1865. 
 
 O'Neil, Patrick, Co. I, 124tli, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years , disch. Feb. 7, 1863. 
 
 Owen, Levi J., 166th, August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Owen, Charles, 168th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 Owens, .\llen G., Co. A, 124th, Aug. 11, 1862, 3 years; wounded in left 
 thigh at Deep Bottom, Aug. 14, 1864. 
 
 Owens, George W., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 17, 1803. 
 
 O'Prey, William, loth Cavalry. 
 
 Osterhout, Jonjus, 15th Cavalry. 
 
 Odell, Charles, 60th ; 1 year. 
 
 O'Brien, Thomas, Co. B, 30th, June 17, 1861, 2 years; disch. July 6, 1861, 
 for disability. 
 
 O'Brien, Daniel, 7th Ind. Bat, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 
 O'Brien, Michael, 16sth, call of August, 1802; 9 months. 
 
 O'Brien, Patrick, 156th, call of August, 1862. 
 
 O'Brien, William, Co. C, 98th, 1864. 
 
 O'Brien, John, Feb. 20, 1865. 
 
 O'D.uinell, John, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 1, 1801. 
 
 O'Connors, Michael J. (2d lieut.), Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 
 Osborne, John, 48th, Aug. 14, 1861. 
 
 O'Rourk, James, 166th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 
 O'Counell, Morris, loth Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Osburn, James, 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Paisley, William, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1801, 2 years; must, out with 
 credit July 15, 1863. 
 
 Parker, Joseph A., Co. I, 7l8t M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Phaleon, John. Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Parlimen, James, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 1, 1801 ; re-enl. call of Oct, 17, 1803. 
 
 Partington, James, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862, 3 years; wounded at Get- 
 tysburg, July 2, 1863; died of wounds July 8, 1863; buried in Get- 
 t ysburg Cemetery, Sec. C. 
 
 Pasho, Charles, 7th Ind. Bat., Jan. 1, 1864; 3 years. 
 
 Pratt, George E, 63d. 
 
 Parker, John P., 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Parker, James R., 1st Engineers. 
 
 Patterson, Edward A., 1st Art., 1864. 
 
 Patterson, William, 5th Art. 
 
 Palmer, Edward F., 6th Art., Sept. 16, 1864. 
 
 Parmalee, Charles W., 16th Art., Aug. 27,1864. 
 
 Piatt, Leander, 56th, Sept. 0, 1804 ; 1 year. 
 
 Patterson, Henry L., Feb. 24, 1865. 
 
 Pelton, Eligol, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1801 ; 2 years. 
 
 Pepper, William, Co. B, AOth, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Prestler, George W., Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Peircy, John, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 9, 1861. 
 
 Pentreath, John (Corp.), Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 
 Penny, Jesse, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months ; 160th, call of 
 August, 1862, 9 months ; U.S.N., " North Carolina," 1863. 
 
 Pendergrass, William, Sickles' Brigade, call of August, 1862. 
 
 Percy, Jonas, entered service under draft of Oct. 7, 1863. 
 
 Peek, Francis A., 15th Art., Jan. 20, 1804. 
 
 Penfleld, James H., 50th, Sept. 1, 1864; 1 year. 
 
 Pearsall, William, Kaney's Vols., Sept. 1, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 
 Perry, William H., Slarch 7, 1865. 
 
 Pierce, Theodore, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 23 
 
 Prince, John E., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; re-enl. in SOth. 
 
 Pike, George, Co. B, 3d, Slay 14, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. in same company. 
 
 Phillips, William N., Co. I, "Ist M., June 28,1861, 3 months; Co. A, 
 
 5Gth, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; died in Washington, 1861. 
 Pidgeon, Robert E., Co, I, 71st M., June, 1862 ; 3 mouths. 
 Pierce, Samuel, Co. B,56th, Oct. 28, 1801 ; 2 years. 
 Phillips, Henry M., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1802, 3 months; SOth, Aug. 
 
 27, 1864, 1 year. 
 Pine, Fayette, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Pinckney, James, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Dec. 13, 1861 ; killed in Shenandoah 
 
 Valley, 1864. 
 Pine, Daniel, Co. C, 124th. Aug. 1, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Pierson, Newton B., Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 6, 1862; 3 years. 
 Phillips, Jerome S., Co. I, 98th, between Oct. 17, 1863, and July, 1804; 
 wounded in arm at Cold Harbor, June 3, '64 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. 
 Phillips, John J., 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 
 Potts, Joseph B., Co. B, 36tli, June 17, 1861, 2 years ; pro. corp. Feb. 1, 
 1862 ; Corp. color-guard at Fair Oaks ; re-enl. in 63d ; wounded May 
 6, 1864; died of wcmnds June 4, 1864. 
 Potter, John, Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862; 3 months. 
 Pope, Thomas B., 1st lieut., Co. A, 56th, Sept. 16, 1S61, 2 years ; dismissed 
 
 Sept. 4, 1802. 
 Proudfoot, John, 7th Ind. Bat., Jan. 1, 1802. 
 Potter, Samuel, 7th Ind. Bat. ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Probus, Ezekiel, 7th Ind. Bat. ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 P.dlanI, Biirllett G., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Power, Micliael, 2.1 sergt., &i. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Polsten, William A., 168tli, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Poi-ter, Thomas, 168th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Powles, William H., 2d (Harris) Cavaliy, call of August, 1862; 3 years. 
 Point, Joseph, Co. K, 124th. Aug. 22, 1862, 3 years ; wounded in leg, se- 
 vere, at North Anna, May 24, 1804. 
 Polhamus, John L., Co. A, 124th, Aug. 23, 1862, 3 years; wounded in arm 
 
 before Petersburg, April 6, 1805; died of wounds April IV, 1865. 
 Post, Ellis, Co. A, 124th, Aug. 8, 1862, 3 years ; trans, to non-commissioned 
 
 staff as com.-sergt. Sept. 4, 1862 ; qr.mr., April 21, 1863. 
 Powers, Edward, Co. I, 98th, bet. Oct. 17, 1863, and July, 1864; wounded 
 
 at Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864. 
 Porter, Edward, 15th Cavalry. 
 Potter, Charles H., 128th, Sept. 2n, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Potts, James H., Feb. 27, 1805. 
 Purdy, David, Co. B, SOth, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. call of March 14, 
 
 1864. 
 Pugh, James, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct 18, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Purdy, David S., Co. K, 124th, Aug. 15, 1802 ; 3 years. 
 Plunket, Thomas, 7th Art. 
 Purcell, Patrick, 15th Cavalry, 1864. 
 Pyres, Levi, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Dec. 14, 1801. 
 Quick, William, Co. B, 3eth, June 17, 1861, 2 years; detached in Light 
 
 Art. July 10, 1862. 
 Qiiigley, James, Co. C, 56th, Oct. 28, 1801 ; 2 years. 
 Quinn, Edward, 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 20, 1801 ; died in hospital at Craney 
 
 Island, Oct. 9, 1.862. 
 Quick, Nelson, 168th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Quinn, Peter J., 108th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 mouths. 
 Quinn, William, 166tli, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Quinn, Michael, 1st Engineers. 
 Quinn, Patrick, 20th, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Randall, James W., Co. B, 3d, April 20,1801, 2 years; re-enl. in same 
 
 company ; killed in action at Fort Drury, 1804. 
 Kaney, James H. A., capt., Co. B, 36th, June 17,1801,2 years; pro. to 
 niaj. Nov. 12, 1861 ; res. Oct. 15, 1862 ; subsequently recruited a com- 
 pany styled Raney's Volunteers. 
 Kay, Robert H., 7th Ind. Bat., 1861. 
 Eaney, Arthur H., Feb. 27, 1865. 
 
 Rathbun, Frank R., 1st lieut., Co. I, 19lh M.. June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Raymond, Charles A., corp., Co. 1, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Randal, Alauson, lieut., U.S.A., 1861; col., 2d Cavalry, Nov. 24, 1864; 
 
 brevet brig.-gen. U.S.V. 
 Raymond, Charles, call of August, 1862; 3 years. 
 
 Ranisdell, Henry P., 2d lieut., Co. C, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862 ; 1st lieut, Dec" 
 31, 1862 ; pro. to capt., Co. F, Oct. 7, 1863, but, having previously re- 
 signed and been honorably discharged, declined to be remustered in. 
 Raywood, Thomas, 2d Cavalry, Sept 1, 1864; 1 year. 
 Reeve, James H., 4th sergt., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861 ; 1st sergt. ; 2d lieut., 
 April 21, 1862; 1st lieut, July 21, 1804; capt, Co. I, Oct 3, 1864; lost 
 a limb at Fort Fisher; disch. June 26, 1865. 
 
346 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Keeve, Sclali V., let lieut., W9tli, Aug. 18,1862; res. March :iO, 1864; 
 
 CHpt., C3d, March 17, 1804 ; disch. May 19, 1864 (brevet maj. U.S.V.). 
 
 Reed, Chauncey A., Co. B, 3lith, June 17, 1861, 2 years ; Corp. ; received 
 
 two trtiijshot wounds at Malvern Hill; disch. on account of wounds 
 
 Jan. 21, 1803. 
 Rechter, Alphonso, Ist sergt., Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; 2d lieut., 
 
 Oct. :l, 1S02; Ist lieut., Dec. 30, 1862; disch. May 29, 1804. 
 Regan, Peter C, capt.,7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 1, 1861 ; must, out witli battery 
 
 July 22, 186.5. 
 Reynolds, Horace, 7th Ind. Bat. ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Rennison, James C, capt., Co. 1, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months ; Co. I, 
 
 168th, August, 1862,9 months; capt., Lith Cavalry, Jan. 6, 1864, 3 
 
 years; disch. by consolidation of regiment June 17, 1865. 
 Reeve, John A., Corp., 7th (2d) Cavalry, Nov. 5, 1861. 
 Reed, Horatio Blake, lieut., U.S.A., 1861 ; col., 22d Cavalry, Jan. 24, 1866. 
 Reidy, Thomas, Feb. 23, 1805. 
 
 Reuuison, William, lOHtli, call of August, 1802 ; 9 mouths. 
 Relyea, JIartin W., 16Sth, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Redner, Pavid, 108th, call of August, 1SG2, 9 months; died in Nelson 
 
 Hospital. 
 Reed, Albert, 15th Cavalry, 1803. 
 Relyea, Jnm.'S, lotli Art., Jan. 20, 1864. 
 Reeves, George, Rauey's Vols., Sept. 3, 18G4; 1 year. 
 Ritchie, John, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years; 2d lieut., loth Art, Feb. 
 
 3, 1864; 1st lieut., 15th Art., Feb. 25, 1865. 
 Riley, Thomas, Corp., Co. 1, 7l8t M., June 2S, 18G1, 3 mouths; 1st sergt., 
 
 Co. I, June, 1862, 3 months. 
 Rikeman, Joselih T., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 7. 1801. 
 
 Hhinebart, . 7th Ind. Bat., Jan. 1, 1862. 
 
 Ritchie, William H., U.S.N., " Nereus," 1S04. 
 
 Rhinofield, Francis H., Co. A, 124th, Aug. 8, 1802, 3 years; killed in 
 
 action at Beverly Ford, June 9, 1863. 
 Richardson, Frederick A., 7tb Art., 1803. 
 Richardson, James, Colored, 1863. 
 Richardson, Peter, Colored. 
 Riley, George, Co. C, 98th. 
 Riley, James, 2d Cavalry, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Ross, William, Co B, 30th, May 1, 1861, 2 years; killed at Turkey Bend, 
 
 July 1, 1862, and body left on the iield ; a worthy, faithful soldier. 
 Robinson, Thomas, Co. I, 71st M.,June 28, 1801,3 months; Co. I,7lBtM., 
 
 June, 1S02, 3 mouths. 
 Robinson, George F., drummer, Co. I, 7l8t M., June, 1862 ; 3 mouths. 
 Rodman, William C., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862, 3 months ; Co. C, 98th, 
 
 Feb. 1, 1864; wounded severely at Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864 ; disch. 
 Rosa, James H., Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Rodgers, John, Co. B, 56lh, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Rosenburgh, Jacob, Co. B,56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Roseucrantz, Martin, Co. B, 561h. Oct. 28, 1801; 2 yeara. 
 Rhodes, Thaddeus, Co. B, 60tb, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Rose, John, 7th Ind. Bat, .\ug. 16, 1861; Co. I, 98th, January, 1804; 
 
 slightly %vounded at Drury's Bluff, May 10, 1864. 
 Rossell, Edward, 7th Ind. Bat, Oct. 9, 1861. 
 Roberts, Abrnm, 7tli Ind. Bat.; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Roos, Evert J., 1st lieut., Co. E, 19tb M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Bockfellow, Stephen, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Nov. 27, 1801. 
 Rhodes, George W., lOSth, call of .\ugust, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Roe, William M., Feb. 16, 1865. 
 Rose, Robert, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 17, 1802, 3 years; taken prisoner Dec. 
 
 16,1861. 
 Kose, Algernon Sidney, 2d lieut., Co. B, 50th, October, 1802. 
 Rose, Peter H., Co. A, 124th, July 29, 1862, 3 years; pro. sergt. Aug. 15, 
 
 1862; wounded at Chancellorsville, and on the 18th of June, 1864; 
 
 trans, to V. B. C. 
 Rodman, Thomas, Co. C, 124th, August, 1862,3 years; Corp., June 20, 
 
 1864 ; sergt., Aug. 1, 1864 ; wouuded at Cbaucellorsville. 
 Rodman, William C, Co. C, 9.stb, Jan. 30, 1864; severely wounded at 
 
 Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864 ; disch. 
 Robinson, John, Co. A, 124tli, August, 1862; 3 years. 
 Robinson, John, 2d Cavalry, call of August, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Rollins, Samuel T., Co. A,124tli, Aug. 12, 1862; wounded at Chancellors- 
 ville, May 3, 1863, and in Wilderness, May 12, 1864. 
 Rollins, Richard, Co. A, 124tb, Aug. 12, 1862, 3 years; wounded atChau- 
 
 cellol-sville, at Gettysburg, and in the Wilderness. 
 Roberts, Harvey, Colored. 
 Rogers, William, Feb. 28, 1865. 
 Rousiue, Richard, 15th Cavalry, ISt'A. 
 Robertson, Robert, Co. C, 98th, Jan. 13, 1804. 
 
 Rogers, Peter, 03d. 
 
 Robinson, Alfred S., Colored. 
 
 Rodgers, Joseph, 1st Engineers. 
 
 Roosa, John H., 16th Art., Aug. 3, 1804; 1 year. 
 
 Roach, Stephen C, U.S.N., July 18, 1804; 1 year. 
 
 Rogers, Thomas, Feb. 1, 1865. 
 
 Russell, Martin, Co. F. 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Ruddcn, Peter, 7tli (2d) Cavalry, Nov. 27, 1861. 
 
 Russell, William B., 7th Art, Dec. 10, 1863; 3 years. 
 
 Rumsey, Moses, Co. B, 124th, Dec. 24, 1863 ; trans, to 93d, June, 1865. 
 
 Ryan, Michael, Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1801, 2 years; re-enl. U.S.N. 1863, and 
 
 subsequently in 7tb Ind. Bat. 
 Ryder, James, Co. B, oGth, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Ryder, Franklin B., Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1801, 2 years; died of fever iD 
 
 hospital at Washington, and buried at Soldiers' Home. 
 Ryerson, John W., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 9, 1861. 
 Ryan, Patrick, Sr., Co. F, IStli M., June 4, 1862, 3 months ; Co. I, I24th, 
 
 Aug. 15, 1862, 3 years. 
 Ryan, Patrick, Jr., Co. F, 19th BI., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Rysdyk, James, 2d (Black Horse) Cavalry, 1801. 
 Ryan, John, 168th, call of August, 1862, 9 months ; 1st Engineers, Jan. 
 
 20, 1864. 
 Ryan, James, 15tii Cavalry, Jan. 5, 18G4. 
 Ryan, George, 15th Art., Jan. 21, 1864. 
 Ryan, James, Feb. 13, 1865. 
 Strachan, James H. K., Co. B, 3d, April 20, 1861, 2 yeara; re-enl. iu 7th 
 
 Ind. Bat Dec. 7, 1803. 
 Sammis, Geo. R., Co. B, 3d, April 20, '61, 2 years; re-enl. in 15th Cavalry. 
 Spaulding, William D., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1801 ; 2 years. 
 Sagar, Edwin B., Co. B, 30tb, June 17, 1801, 2 years; honorably noticed 
 
 for services at Fair Oaks ami Malvern Hill. 
 Sagar, Morris, Co, B, 36tli, June 17, 1861, 2 years; wounded in arm at 
 
 .Malvern Uill. 
 Sarvis, Daniel, Co. B, 3Ctb, June 22, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Sarvis, William, Jr., 19th M., 1861 ; 3 months. 
 Sanxey, Frederick D., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1802, 3 months; 7th Ind. Bat, 
 
 Jan. 25, 1864. 
 Shaw, Andrew K. C, Co. I, 71st M., June, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Sackett, Henry M. C, sergt., Co. E, 66th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; killed at 
 
 Fair Oaks, 1862. 
 Schwartz, William, Co. E, 60th, Oct. 28, 1801 ; 2 years. 
 Shaw, Organ, drummer. Co. I>, littli M., June 4, 1802 ; 3 months. 
 Strang, Sylvanus, Co. D, lytli M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Sparks, James, Co. I), 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Strachan, William G., Co. E, 19th M., June 4,1802,3 months; 6th H. 
 
 Art., Sept 16, 1864, 1 year. 
 Shay, T. F., Co. L, I'JtIi M., June 4, 1802; 3 months. 
 Sarvis, J. H., Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Sprague, Manly A., 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 25, 1861. 
 Schmalz, Jacob, 1st Engineers, 1861. 
 Strachan, James C, musician, 9th, Slay, 1861. 
 Stanton, Curtis, U.S.N., "Onondaga," 1864. 
 Savage, George, 166th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Sager, Matthias, Co. G, 124th, Aug. 18, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Sanders, William, Co. A, 124tli, Aug. 4, 1862, 3 years; wounded in foot 
 
 May 12, 1864; iu hospital, and must, out by General Order 77. 
 Shaw, H. W., 108th, cull of August, 1802; 9 months. 
 Smalley, John, IO8II1, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Stanton, Daniel B., ICSth, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Stalter, Charles W., 166th, call of August, 1802; 9 months. 
 Stansbrough, John H. (1st lieut.), Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 20, 1862, 3 years ; re- 
 signed Nov. 12, 1862. 
 Stanton, John H., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862, 3 years ; 2d Corp. ; disch. 
 
 Nov. 24, 1863. 
 Sarvis, John H., Co. E, 124th, Aug. 12, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Stanfleld, Robert, 15th Cavalry. 
 Sailor, Isaac, Colored, Dec. 29, 1863. 
 Sailor, Samuel, Colored, Dec. 31, 1863. 
 Sailor, William B., Colored, Dec. 19, 1863. 
 Sharot, Philip M., U.S.N., call of July IS, 1804; 1 year. 
 Saunders, Benjamin, Rauey's Vols. ; 1 year. 
 Swartz, Richard L., veteran ; re-enl. March, 1804, Co. E, 56th. 
 Sarvis, Lockwood, Feb. 27, 1865. 
 Stabler, John, March 2, 1865. 
 Shray, Michael, March 3, 1865. 
 Sneed, Joseph A., 2d sergt., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years; 98th ; 2d 
 
 lieut., Feb. 4, 1803; disch. Jan. 3, 1805. 
 
 I 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 347 
 
 Steveneon, John W., Co. B, 3d, May 14, 1861, 2 years; 3d Corp.; re-enl. 
 
 in same company. 
 Sneed, John A., Co. B, 3d, .\|nil in, 18G1, 2 years; re-enh iu same com- 
 pany. 
 Sheenan, Thomas, Co, B, 30tli, June 17, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Sterling, James, Co. B, :)6th, June 22, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Seaman, William H., Co. B, 36th, June 21, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Sterling, George, Co. I, "1st 51., June 28, 1861, 3 months; Corp., Co. B, 
 
 66th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. call of March 14, 1864. 
 Sherdan, James, Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Shelling, Charles (chaplain), 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2. years; disch. Dec. 23, 
 
 1862. 
 Seaton, Mark, Co. B, 56tli, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. call of March 14, 
 
 1864. 
 Slieibner, Eugene, Ist lieut., 7th Ind. Bat., Nov. 15, 1861 ; resigned June 
 
 26, 1862. 
 Streeter, Harmon D., 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 26, 1861. 
 St. George, Thomas, 7th Iml. Bat., Oct. 28, 1861 ; re-enl. March, 1864, in 
 
 Co. C, 66th. 
 Sherman, Stepheu,7tli Ind. Bat., Oct. 16, 1861. 
 Sherwood, Bishop A., 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 29, 1861. 
 Sherwood, James I., 124th, Dec. in, 1863. 
 Stevens, Warren, 7th Ind. Bat. ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Sherwood, Warren. Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Bweetmau, John P., Co. F, 19tli M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Stenson, William, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 168th, call of 
 
 August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Stead, Matthias, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 mouths. 
 Sneed, Henry C, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 15th Cavalry, 
 
 Dec. 14, 1863. 
 Seymour, William, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Dec. 26, 1861. 
 
 Stephens, , 44th, 1861. 
 
 Sering, George, Co. A, 124th, Aug. 6, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 
 Seaman, Sylvester, 168th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Shelby, James, 168th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Shelly, Christopher, 168th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Sherman, Samuel, Co. B, 124th, July 22, 1862, 3 years; wounded May 12, 
 
 1864, and died May 19, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arling- 
 ton, Va. 
 Spencer, George C, qr.mr., Sept. 27, 1862,168th ; 9 months. 
 Stephens, George R., 168th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 mouths. 
 Stephens, George Henry, Co. K, 124th, Aug. 20, 1862, 3 years; killed at 
 
 Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. 
 Stewart, Cbarle3,Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 13, 1862, 3 years; 3d sergt.; 2d lieut, 
 
 July 7, 1863; Ist lieut., Oct. 18, 1863; wounded May 3, 1863; taken 
 
 prisoner May 30, 1864 ; disch. by special order. 
 Stewart, John, Colored, Jan. 4, 1864. 
 Stevens, John J., 4l8t, call of August, 1862. 
 Stephenson, Jeremiah, 168th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Secor, John, Colored. 
 Steep, Thomas, Colored. 
 Stewart, George W., Colored, Dec. 9, 1863. 
 Sheridan, Michael, Co. I, 98th, Jan. 15, 1864. • 
 Stead, Joseph, 15th Cavalry, Jan. 6, 1864. 
 Sherman, Ephraim C, 15th Cavalry, Dec. 28, 1863. 
 Selke, Cornelius, 15th Cavalry. 
 Sheldon, William H., Co. C, 98th, Dec. 22, 1863. 
 Stewart, .lohn, 15th Cavalry, Dec. 26, 1863. 
 Shepherd, Patrick K., 151h Cavalry, Jan. 12, 1864. 
 Scroti, Philip, Co. C, 98th, Jan. 6, 1864 ; wounded at Cold Harbor, June 
 
 3, 1864. 
 Sweet, Charles, 7th Art., Dec. 17, 1863; 3 years. 
 Semmon, Michael, Raney's Vols., 1864. 
 Sperling, Edward B., 28th Art., 1864; 1 year. 
 Sperling, James H., 16th Signal Corps; 1 year. 
 Sweeney, Dennis, 3d, call of July 18, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Senior, James, call of July 18, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Secor, Daniel, vol., re-enl. March, 1864; Co. A, 66th. 
 Simms, Isaac, Co. B, 3d, April 20, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. in 7th Heavy Art. ; 
 
 wounded in right arm and in hip at Cold Harbor; disch. June, 1865. 
 Smith, Oliver, Co. B, 3Gth, June 21, 1861, 2 years ; disch. for disability 
 
 Feb. 5, 1862. 
 Smith, John T., Co. B. 36th, Jan. 22. 1862, for unexp. term ; taken pris. 
 
 on march between Berlin and Warrenton, Nov. 9, 1862 ; returned 
 
 March 1, 1863. 
 Smith, William W., Co. I, 71st M., Juno 28, 1861, 3 months; Co. 1, 124th, 
 
 Aug. 6, 1862, 3 years; Ist sergt.; pro. 2d lieut. Sept. 17, 1863, hut 
 
 not mustered ; wounded in shoulder May 5, 1864 ; disch. May 4, 
 1866. 
 Simpson, William H.,Co. I, Vlst M., June, 1861, 3 months; 7th Ind. Bat., 
 
 Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Strickland, Jeremiah, corp., Co. B, 5Gtli, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Silverburgh, Levi, Co. B, 66th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Smith, George, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Smith, William, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. call of March 
 
 14, 1864. 
 Stickle, John C, Co. B, 66th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Sizer, Joseph, Co. D, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Smith, Oscar, Co. E, 56th, Oct. 28, ISCl ; 2 years. 
 Smith, Albert Alfred, 7th Ind. Bat., Aug. 16, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 
 
 1863. 
 Sniffen, Sylvester, 7th Ind. Bat, Aug. 16, 1861. 
 Sniffen, William, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 31, 1861. 
 Sniffen, Daniel, 7th Ind. Bat, Oct. 24, 1861. 
 Swim, James M., 7th InJ. Bat., Oct 28, 1861. 
 Smith, Abraham A., 7th Ind. But., Sept. 26, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 
 
 1863. 
 Smith, Charles, 7th Ind. Bat, Oct. 28, 1861. 
 
 Simmons, Joseph A., 7th Ind. Bat., , 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 
 Smith, George W., 7th Ind. Bat,, , 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 
 Sicrine, Joseph H., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Simmons, Joshua, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 mouths. 
 
 Smith, Cliarles, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 raontlis. 
 
 Smith, Benjamin F., Co. E, 19th 51., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Smith, Ira H., Co. T, 19th 51., June 4, 1S62 ; 3 mouths. 
 
 Smith, George-W., Co. I, 19th 51., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Smith, Philip, Co. I, 19th 51., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Smiley, James, 1st lieut., Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 
 Simpson, Thomas J., sergt., Co. L, 19th 51., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 
 Smith, Henry, Ist Slouuted Rilles, Oct IS, 1861. 
 
 Smith, John, Ist Mounted Rifles, Oct. 28,1861; 7th Art., bet Oct 17,1863, 
 
 and July, 1864. 
 Smith, Oliver T., 1st Engineers, 1861. 
 Spier, William, U.S.N., " Daffodil," 1863. 
 Shields, Francis, Co. K, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Simpson, John H., 168th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 mouths. 
 Simpson, Cornelius, Sr., 168tli, call of August, 1862 ; 9 mouths. 
 Simpson, C^^rnelius, Jr., 168tb, call of Augu.st, 1862; 9 months. 
 Simpson, Cornelius, 168th, call of August, 1862; 9 mouths. 
 Smith, John W. F., 168th, call of .\ugU8t, 1862; 9 months. 
 Smith, Daniel, Co. G, 124th, Aug. 12, 1862, 3 years; wouuded May 24, 
 
 1864; tr.ans. to V. R. C. 
 Smith, Theodore S., Co. A, 124th, Aug. 11, 1862, 3 years; pro. to corp. 
 
 Sept. 1, 1864; wounded Oct 27, 1864. 
 Smith, Pliineas, 156th, call of August, 1862. 
 Springer, John L , 168th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Springstead, Charles E., lOstb, call of August, 1802; 9 months. 
 Spier, John G., 16Sth, call of August, 1802; 9 mouths. 
 Simmons, Ephraim, Colored. 
 Simmons, Alonzo, Colored. 
 Smith, William, 16th Cavalry. 
 
 Smith, Daniel, 7th Ind. Bat, Jan. 1, 1864 ; 3 years. 
 Smith, James, 15th Cavalry. 
 Smith, James, 15th Art. 
 Smith, Joseph, let Engineers. 
 Smith, John, 7th Art. 
 Swift, Elijah, Co. I, 98tli, Jan. 18, 1864 ; wouuded at Cold Harbor, Juno 
 
 3, 1864. 
 Sinsabaugh, Charles H., 5th Art. 
 Schlitt, John, 15th Art, Jan. 20, 1864. 
 Smith, Jonjis 51., Raney's Vols., Sept. 3, 1864; 1 year. 
 Smith, Oscar C, U.S.N. ; 1 year. 
 Smith, Charles, U. S. Colored, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Schmidt, Henry, 56th, call of July IS, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Smith, James, Feb. 13, 1805. 
 Shick, Frank, Feb. 27, 1865. 
 Sproll, John W., Co. B, 3d, .\pril 20, 1861, 2 years ; died in hospital after 
 
 time expired. 
 Stone, James, Co. B, 3d, April 20,1861,2 years; re-enl. in 7th Heavy 
 
 Art.; missing June 10, 1864. 
 Schrneder, William J., Co. B, 3Gth, June 17, 1861; 2 years. 
 Scott, Charles, Co. B, 36th, June 17,1861,2 years; killed in action at 
 
 Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862, and body left on the held. 
 Scott, Mason, Co. A, 66th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
348 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ScofielcJ, David, Co. A, 5Gtli, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 
 Sloan, Bernard. 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 28, 1861. 
 
 Scott, Ira S., Tth Ind. Bat., Oct. 9, 1861; died in hospital at Waahiugton, 
 
 Dec. 18, 1861. 
 Southwick, William C, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Scott, William A., Co. E, inth M., June 4, 1862, 3 months. 
 Scott, Homer R., drummer, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862,3 months; 168th, 
 
 call of August, 1862, 9 months. 
 Schofleld, George W., Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Scott, Henry, corp., 7th (2il) Cavalry, Nov. 8, 1861. 
 Sprole, William T., orderly-sergt., 7th M., 1861; died of fever, 1861. 
 
 Sprole, , capt., U.S.A., 1861. 
 
 Scott, James K., 168th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 
 Scott, George D., Co. 1, 124th, Oct. 9, 1862, 3 years; wounded in foot at 
 
 Chancellorsville ; trans, to V. R. C. 
 Storms. David, Co. 1, 124th, 3 years; wounded in wrist at Chancellors- 
 ville. 
 Storms, James H., 7th Art. 
 Scott, John, 5th Art. 
 Scott, John, Ist Engineers. 
 
 Scott, James W,, com. lieut., March 8, 1864; com. revoked; 63d. 
 Schoonmaker, Simeon, Colored. 
 Schaonmaker, Edward, Colored. 
 St. Johu, Isaiah, 56th ; 1 year. 
 Schoonniaker, George, Jan. 27, 1865. 
 Shont, John W., Feh. 10, 1865. 
 Scott, Winfleld J., Feh. 15, 1865. 
 Schroeder, Kohert, Feb. 25, 1865. 
 
 Shurter, William H., Co. B, 36tli, June 17, 1861, 2 year^; wounded in 
 thigh at Malvern Hill; disch. ou account of wounds, hut subse- 
 quently recovered, and re-enl. for three years. 
 Shurfeldt, Eugene, Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862; 3 months. 
 Sutlitf, John, Co. A, 56th,0ct. 28, 1861,2 years; re-enl. call of March 
 
 14, 1864. 
 Shurdan, George W., 97th. 
 
 Stumpf, Henry, capt., 20th, May 3, 1861 ; res. July 11, 1862. 
 Stumpf, John, 2llth, May 3, 1861. 
 Sutherland, William, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 13, 1862, 3 years; wounded in 
 
 wrist (slight) April 1, 1865 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 7, 1864. 
 Sullivan, John, Co. C, 124th, August, 1862, 3 years; disch. for disability 
 
 April 16, 1863. 
 Schultz, Suffern, 119tli, August, 1862. 
 Sutton, Andrew J., 15th Cavalry. 
 Shutee, John, Co. C, 98th, 1864 ; severely wounded at Swift Creek, May 
 
 9, 1864. 
 Shurdan, William, Co. I, 9Sth, bet. Oct. 17, 1863, and July, 1864. 
 Studley, Daniel, Raney's Vols.; 1 year. 
 Sullivan, Charles, March 7, 1866. 
 
 Snyder, Alfred G., Co. K, 124th, Aug. 20, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Snyder, Harvey H., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 13, 1862, 3 years; taken prisoner 
 
 and paroled, and did not again report to regiment. 
 Snyder, James, 168th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Snyder, William H., 63d. 
 Sybolt, Archibald, 9th Art. 
 Syres, Rosevelt, Feb. 8, 1865. 
 Syphers, Gilbert, Feb. 20, 1865. 
 Taylor, Charles E., Co. B, 3d, April 20, 1861, 2 years ; served term and 
 
 re-enl. in 15th Cavalry. 
 Travis, Henry F., Corp., Co. 1, 71st M., June 28,1861,3 months; 2d sergt., 
 Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862, 3 months; Co. G, 124th, August, 1862, 3 
 years; qr.mr.-sergt., Sept. 21, 1862; 1st lieut. and reg.-qr.mr., June 
 23, 1863; capt., Co. I, Sept. 3, 1863. 
 Taggert, James C. (2d lieut.), Co. I, 7l8t M., June 28, 1861, 3 months; 2d 
 lieut., Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862, 3 months; wounded in 1st Bull 
 Run. 
 Thayer, Charles F., capt., Co. li, 56th, Aug. 16, 1861, 2 years; res. April 
 
 9, 1862. 
 Thayer, S., Co. E, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Talmadge, William T., 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 16, 1861. 
 Tacey, James, 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 27, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Travis, Benjamin H., 7th Ind. Bat., 1801 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Tairs, Robert, 7th Ind. Bat.; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Taylor, Samuel V., 18th, 1861 ; 7th Art. 
 Tatham, Steadman, 1st Mounted Killes, Oct. 18, 1861. ■ 
 Taylor, John, 166th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Taylor, John W., Co. E, 124th, Aug. 12, 1862, 3 yeara ; died of fever June 
 25, 1863; buried in Mil. Cem., Alexandria, Va. 
 
 Taylor, Moses, 19th, call of August, 1862. 
 
 Talmadge, William F., Ist Engineers. 
 
 Taylor, Charles W., "th Art. 
 
 Trail, George, Raney's Vols. ; 1 year. 
 
 Tallman, James ; 1 year. 
 
 Talmadge, Nathaniel, Feb. 27, 1865. 
 
 Theal, Joseph D., Co. B, 3d, April 20,1861, 2 years; re-enl. in same 
 
 company. 
 Terwilliger, Jacob, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. in 7th Art. 
 
 Dec. 17, 1864; wounded (slight) at Malvern Hill. 
 Terwilliger, Jasper C.^ Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 Terwilliger, Harrison, Co. B, 56tb, Oct. 28, 1861; 2 years. 
 Terry, Harrison, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 10, 1861. 
 Terwilliger, WiHiam. &■. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 3d, call of 
 
 August, 1862, 3 years. 
 Terwilliger, Augustus H., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 
 
 Raney's Vols., call of July IS, 1864, 1 year. 
 Terwilliger, Abram S., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Terwilliger, A. B., Co. L, 19tb M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Tremper, Johu J., U.S.N., " Nereus, ' 1864. 
 Terwilliger, Bushrod, 168th, call of .August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Terwilliger, James, 108th, call of August, 1862,9 months; 16th Alt., call 
 
 of July 18, 1804, 1 year. 
 Terwilliger, Whitmore, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862, 3 years; wounded in 
 head (severe) May 5, 1864 ; in hand (slight) April 6, 1865 ; pro. to 
 Corp. Aug. 1, 1864; to sergt. Nov. 7, 1864. 
 Terwilliger, John R., 2d (Harrist Cavalry, call of August, 1862; 3 yeara. 
 Terwilliger, Charles L., Co. H, 124th, .\ug. 13, 1862 ; 3 yearn. 
 Terwilliger, Thomas, 156th, call of August, 1862. 
 Terwilliger, Peter, 156th, call of August, 1862. 
 Terry, Christopher B., 168th, call of .\ugust, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Terry, David, Co. I, 124th, August, 1862, 3 years ; not on rolls of regt. 
 Tbeal, William L., 3d, call of August, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Terhune, Lewis, call of August, 1862. 
 Terwilliger, Charles J., Jr., Co. C, 98th. 
 Tetrt, Charles H., 5th Art., Sept. 6, 1864; 1 year. 
 
 Twiggs, Eugene L., Co. B, 36tli, June 17, 1861, 2 years; pro. to drum- 
 major June IS, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 10, 1861. 
 Titus, Watson, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 14, 1861. 
 
 Trip, Norman D., "th Ind. Bat., 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Ticehurst, David, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Ticehurst, William, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Tilston, Robert, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Thichner, James I., 168th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Tinny, Johu, 168th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Tinny, Hector, 124th, call of August, 1862; 3 years. 
 Titus, Egbert, entered service under draft of Oct. 7, 1863. 
 Thiol, Isaac L., Co. C, 98th. 
 Tompkins, Stewart, Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1801, 2 years; re-enl. call of 
 
 March 14, 1864. 
 Toey, Michael, Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Townsend, Henry, Co. D, 19tli M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Townsend, Nathan, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Toohey, John H. (capt.), Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1802; 3 months. 
 Tole, Francis M., Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Tole, Thomas, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Thompson, Hugh, Co. F, 19th M., June 4, 1S62, 3 mouths; 168th, call of 
 
 August, 1862, 9 months ; Co. C, 98th, 1864. 
 Tole, James, U.S.N., "Resolute," 1861. 
 
 Townsend, William H., 108th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Thompson, Alexander, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years; disch, Dec, 
 
 27, 1863. 
 Thompson, John, Co. C, 124th, August, 1862, 3 years; wounded and 
 taken prisoner at Chancellorsville ; disch. Dec. 21, 1863, for disability 
 from wounds. 
 Tompkins, William A., 3d, call of August, 1S62 ; 3 yeara. 
 Topping, Hugh, Co. A, 124th, Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. June IS, 1863 ; Co. 0, 
 98th, between Oct. 17, 1863, and July, 1864; wounded (slight) at 
 Drury's Bluff, May 16, 1804. 
 Thompson, Michael, 7th Art. 
 
 Townsend, William, Co. C, 9Sth, January, 1864 ; drowned at Fort Schuy- 
 ler, N. Y., February, 1864. 
 Townsley, Charles H., 16th Art., Dec. 28, 1863; three years. 
 Toot, Frank, 5th Artillery ; 1 year. 
 Thompson, Leander, 56th; 1 year. 
 Thornton, Thomas W., Feb. 25, 1865. 
 Thoip, George W., March 2, 1865. 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 Turner, Frederick William, Co. F, 19th Eegt. N.T.S.M., June 11, 1862, 
 
 3 months ; Co. B, 36tli, Sept. 28, 1862, 3 years. 
 Tnttle, Abraham, Co. I, 7!st M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Turner, John S., Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-eul. call of March 
 
 14, 1864. 
 Tuthill, John P., Co. B, 55th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Tuthill, Abram, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Thurston, Isaac, Co. I, lOtli M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Tuttle, William (sergt.), Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Tuthill, Daniel, Co. I., I9th M., Juno 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Turner, DeWitt C, 168th, call of Aug. 1862; 9 months. 
 Turner, Henry R., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 18, 1862, 3 years ; pro. Corp. April 
 
 28, 1865. 
 Turner, Beuhen, Sr., Co. G, 124tli, Aug. 20, 1862, 3 years ; disch. April 20, 
 
 1863. 
 Turner, Reuben, Jr., Co. G, 124tli, Aug. 15, 1862, 3 years ; disch. Feb. 11, 
 
 1863. 
 Turner, James, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 20, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Tucker, George N., Co. I, 124tb, Aug. 18, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Turner, Charles F., 56th ; 1 year. 
 Tyler, Manning, Co. E, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Tyndall, Alfred, 7th Ind. Bat., re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Tysoe, William, Co. G, 124th, Aug. 27, 1862, 3 year^ ; Corp., January, 1863; 
 
 3d sergt., Oct. 1, 1864. 
 Underbill, Isaac L., U.S.N., " Powhatan," 1862. 
 Underbill, John, 168th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Vandewater, Fiancis R., Co. B, 3d, April 20, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Valentine, John H., Co. B, 3d, April 20,1861, 2 years; re-enl. in same 
 
 company. 
 Van Zile, Marshal M., Co. I, 71st M., June 28,1861,3 months; Co. L, 
 
 19th, June 4, 1862, 3 months ; lieut., 168th, Feb. 11, 1863 ; pro. capt. 
 
 July 1,1863. 
 Vanderburgh, Effingham, lieut., Co. B, 56th Regt. N.T.S.V., Aug. 16, 1861, 
 
 2 years ; resigned Feb. 1, 1862. 
 Van Steinburgh, Charles, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 4, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 
 
 17, 1863. 
 Van Steinburgh, Bartley, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 4,1861. 
 
 Van Corris, Thomas L., 7th Ind. Bat., 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Vanderwerker, Edward, Co. D, 19tli M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Van Gorden, William P., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Van Hagen, Charles A., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 166th, 
 
 call of August, 1863, 9 months. 
 Vance, Smith. Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Vance, John \V., C«. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Van Norsdall, James, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Van Voorhis, John A., Co. I. 19tb M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Vance. William. 481h. Aug. 29, 1861. 
 Van Aken, Martin, 4Sth, Sept. 5, 1861. 
 Van Duzen, James, 1st Mounted Rifles, Oct. 25, 1861. 
 Van Nosdall, Horton, 2d (Black Horse) Cavalry, 1861. 
 Van Nosdall, James, 2d (Black Horse) Cavalry, 1861. 
 Van Tassell, Theodore R., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years; disch. 
 
 March 24, 1863. 
 Vanderburgh, Martin, 168th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Van Kenren, Charles, 168th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Van Keuren, Edward, 168tlj, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Valet, Alexander M., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 Van Zile, John C, Co. 1, 124tli, Aug. 15, 1862, 3 years; on detached ser- 
 vice after June 26, 1863. 
 Vance, Eli, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 18, 1862, 3 years ; disch. March 28, 1863. 
 Van Keuren, Albert C, Co. C, 98th, disch. at hospital. 
 Van Keuren, Charles W., Co. C, 98th, January, 1862. 
 Van Keuren, William, Ist Rifles. 
 
 Van Norwick, Isaac N., 15th Art., Jan. 18, 1864 ; 3 years. 
 Van Donk, Samuel, Colored. 
 Van Vliet, Edward, 56tb ; 1 year. 
 Van Orden, Robert, 183d; 1 year. 
 Vradenburgb, James, 56th ; 1 year. 
 Valentine, Samuel, 16th Art.; 1 year. 
 Van Vlack, Abraham E., Feb. 27, 1865. 
 Van Keuren, Cornelius, Feb. 27, 1865. 
 
 Verplank, William M., Co. I, 7l8t M., June, 1862; 3 months. 
 Vredenburgh, Odell B., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Vredenburgh, Peter, Co. 6, 124th, Jan. 2, 1864,3 years; wounded May 
 
 20, 1864, in abdomen. 
 Vredenburgh, Theodore, Co. C, 98th, 1864 ; wounded twice during cam- 
 paign of 1864. 
 
 Vredenburgh, Willett, Co. C, 98th ; slightly wounded at Dmry's Bluff, 
 
 1864. 
 Vought, James H., 7th Art., 1864. 
 Waugh, Frederick A., Co. B, 3d, April 20, 1861, 2 years; 7tb Ind. Bat., 
 
 Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Wallace, John M., Co. B, 3d, April 20, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. on gunboat ; 
 
 fell from maintop and killed. 
 Wallace, Hugh, Co. B, 3d, April 20, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Watts, Charles .S,, Co. B, 36tb. June 17, 1861, 2 years ; subsequently trans. 
 
 to U.S.N., Western Flotilla, 1862. 
 Whalon, Michael, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years ; wounded at Mal- 
 vern Hill ; sent to hospital. 
 Walsh, William, Corp., Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; killed at Fair 
 
 Oaks, 1862. 
 Waddle, Robert, Co. B, 56tb, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. call of March 
 
 14, 1864. 
 Waltz, Joseph, Co. E, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861, 2 years; re-enl. call of March 
 
 14, 1864. 
 Waters, William A., 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 26, 1861. 
 
 Wallin, Edward, 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 14, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1861. 
 Walsh, James, 7tb Ind. Bat., N.Y.S.V., Aug. 16, 1861 ; 7th Heavy Art., 
 
 1863. 
 Watson, Titus, 7th Ind. Bat., 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Ward, James, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Watts, John S., capt., Co. E, 19tli M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Walsh, Patrick, Co. E, 19th M., June 4. 1862; 3 months. 
 Ward, Moses, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Ward, OstranJer, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 66th, call of 
 
 July 18, 1804, 1 year. 
 Waller, George, qr.mr., 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; maj., 168t1i, 
 
 call of August, 1862, 9 months. 
 Wardrop, Gerald, U.S.N,, Western Flotilla, 1864. 
 Wardrop, William, U.S.N., " Black Hawk." 
 Wallace, William, Co. I, 121tb, Aug. 25, 1862, 3 years; Corp., Nov. 1, 
 
 1862 ; liilled at Cbancellorsville, May 3, 1863. 
 Warford, John H., Co. A, 124lh, August, 1862, 3 years ; pro. Corp. Sept. 
 
 1, 1864; sergt., Nov. 15, 1864; slightly wounded at Cbancellorsville, 
 
 May 3, 1863; in foot. May 12, 1864; in tliigb, severe, April 6, 1865. 
 Walsh, Samuel H., lOStli, August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Warren, William G., Co. I, 124th, Aug. 15, 1862, 3 years ; died of fever at 
 
 Stonewall Station, Feb. 18, 1863; buried in Newburgh. 
 Watkins, Pavid, entered service under draft of Oct. 7, 1863. 
 Watson, Cornelius, Colored, 54tli Maes. Vols., 1863; killed at Fort Wagner. 
 Walsh, Dennis, Co. C, 98th; died June 9, 1864, from wounds received at 
 
 Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. 
 Washburn, Thomas, 15th Art. 
 Waibel, Jacob, 7tb Ind. Bat., Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Wainwright, William, 7th Heavy Art., Dec. 17, 1863; 3 years. 
 Warring, James, 15th Art., Feb. 8, 1864; 3 years. 
 
 Ward, John E.. Co. C, 98th, 1864; died June 24, 1864, from wounds re- 
 ceived at Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864. 
 Walter, David, 56th ; 1 year. 
 Wallace. Joseph, 66th ; 1 year. 
 Ward, Sylvester, 56th ; 1 year. 
 Ward, Charles, 56th ; 1 year. 
 
 Ward, William, 14tli U.S.A.; killed before Richmond, 1862. 
 Warren, Peter H., lieut., 3d Colored ; died of fever, Sept. 17, 1863. 
 Ward, J. R., Feb. 13,1866. 
 Walden, Oliver VV., Feb. 23, 1865. 
 Walker, Henry H., March 2, 1865. 
 
 Webber, Charles D. G., Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 Wheeler, Seth, Co. I, 71st M., June, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Westcott, Volney, Corp., Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Westcott, Almeron, Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Weller, James T., Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Weber, Rudolph, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 mouths. 
 Welch, James, Co. L, 19th M., Juno 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Wetherhead, George C, 1st Fire Zouaves, April 20, 1861. 
 Wetherhead, George, U.S.N. 
 Weygant, Wines E., Co. B, 124th, August, 1862, 3 years; 1st lieut., Aug. 
 
 14, 1862; resigned Feb. 8, 1863. 
 Weygant, Harvey, 168tb, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Weygant, Charles H., 3 years; capt., Co. A, Aug. 12, 1862; pro. maj 
 
 Sept. 14, 1863; lieut.col., Oct. 10, 1863; col., Sept. W, 1864 (not 
 
 mustered) ; brevet col. U.S.V. 
 Weygant, Wilson, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 12, 1862, 3 years; pro. sergt. ; died 
 
 of fever Oct. 18, 1862. 
 
350 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Weygant, George, Co. I, 124th Regt., Aug. 12, 18G2, 3 years ; killed at 
 
 Chancelloreville, May 3, 1863. 
 Whan, William, Co. I, 124tli, Aug. 15, 1802 ; killeJ at Gettysburg, July 2, 
 
 1863. 
 West, Henry, 115th Art., between Oct. 17, 1863, and July, 1864. 
 Westleigh, Charles P., Co. C, 98th ; sergt.; pro. Ist sergt. Dec. 2, 1864; 
 
 1st lieut., April, 1865 (not mustered) ; had previously ser^-ed fourteen 
 
 years ou West Point. 
 Welsh, John, Co. I, 98th. 
 
 Whepley, Augustus, 7tli Ind. I!at., Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Weymour, Joel B., 15th Cavalry, July, 1864. 
 Wells, William H., 2d Mounted Rifles ; 1 year. 
 Willis, Howard J., Co. B, 3d, April 20, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. in same 
 
 company. 
 Wiseman, Joseph, Co. B, 3d, April 20, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl in Co. C, 98th ; 
 
 pro. sergt. 
 Wilson, John. Co. B, 3d, April 20, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. (1864-65) ; disch. 
 
 at rendezvous. 
 Wilson, Charles W., Co. B, 36th, Sept. 21, 1862, 2 years; trans, to 65th 
 
 Regt. 
 Wilkinson, James H., Co. I, 7l8t M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 Wilson, Samuel C, Co. 1, 71st, M., June 28, 1801, 3 mouths ; 4th sergt., Co. 
 
 D, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months ; 168th, call of August, 1862, 9 
 
 mouths. 
 Whittenbecker, Augustus, Co. I, 71st M., June 28, 1861, 3 months ; 2d 
 
 lieut., (3o. E, 124th, Aug. 19, 1862, 3 years ; dismissed for absence with- 
 out leave. 
 Williamson, Samuel, Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1801, 2 yeai-s; re-eul. call of 
 
 March 14, 1864. 
 Wilson, David, Co. A, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Wilson, John, Co. A, 50th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 White, William, Co. A, 50th, Oct. 28, 1801 ; two years. 
 Williams, William J., capt.,Co. E, 60th, Sept. 20, 1861, 2 yeare; killed at 
 
 Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 
 Wilcox, Abraham, 7th Ind. Bat., Oct. 3,1861. 
 Williams, Lewis W., 7th Ind. Bat., Aug. 16, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 
 
 1863. 
 Wilson, Robert, 7th Ind. Bat., Sept. 26, 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17,1863. 
 Widden, John, 7th Ind. Bat., 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 White, Francis W., 7th Ind. Bat., 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Wires, William H., 7th Ind. Bat., 1861 ; re-enl. call of Oct. 17, 1863. 
 Wilson, David F., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 168th, call of 
 
 August, 1862, 9 months. 
 Wilkins, George G., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1S62; 3 months. 
 Wilbert, Lewis, Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Wilson, Tilden, Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Williams, James H., Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862, 3 months; 166th, call 
 
 of August, 1862, 9 mouths. 
 Wilson, John, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 mouths. 
 Wisner, G. F., Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 mouths. 
 Wright, Charles, Co. L, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Wiley, Alfred H., 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 15, 1801. 
 Wiggins, Abram B„ 2d (Black Horse) Cavalry, 1861. 
 Withers, Frederick E., 1st lieut., 1st Engineers, Aug. 17, 1861; resigned 
 
 Aug. 19, 1862. 
 Whitehill, Robert, U.S.N., "Couemaugh," 1863. 
 White, William J., 108th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 White, John, 168th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 White, Daniel S., Co. G, 1241h, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years; wounded at Ckan- 
 
 cellorsville ; traus. to V. R. C. Jan. 1, 1865. 
 White, Samuel A., Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years; trans, to Ambu- 
 lance Corps after Gettysburg; disch. April 4, 1864. 
 White, John H., Co. G, 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years; died of fever Dec. 
 
 10, 1802, at Falmouth. 
 Whitmore, Baxter, Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years ; trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 Oct. 10, 1863. 
 Wilson, James, 160th, call of August, 1802, 9 months ; 15th. 
 Wilson, Robert, Co. I, 124th, Aug. 14, 1862, 3 years ; wounded May 3, 
 
 1863, and taken prisoner. 
 Wilson, William, Co. B, 36th, Sept, 21, 1862, 3 years; trans, to 65th. 
 Williams, Johii, 168tli, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Wise, Joseph, 16Sth, call of August, 1862 ; 9 mouths. 
 Wilkin, David N., Co. K, 124th, Aug. IS, 1862,3 years; disch. for disa- 
 bility Dec. 13, 1862. 
 Wright, Frederick E., 84th, call of August, 1862; died July 27, 1863, of 
 
 wounds received at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. 
 Wiggins, Benjamin, 2d (Harris) Cavalry, call of August, 1862 ; 3 years. 
 
 Wilson, Henry M., 7th Art., bet. July and October, 1863. 
 
 Wilson, William, 63d. 
 
 White, Robert, 15th Cavalry. 
 
 Wright, James, 63d. 
 
 Wright, Henry E., 15th Art. 
 
 Whiltington, Daniel, Colored. 
 
 Williams, John H., 15th Cavalry. 
 
 Williams, Ezra, Co. I, 124th, April 5, 1864, 3 yeare; trans, to 93d, June, 
 
 1865. 
 Wright, James, Colored. 
 Whigham, John P.., 28th Ind. Bat.; 1 year. 
 Williams, Levi M,, 7tli Ind. Bat.; 1 year. 
 Wilson, Emanuel, U.S.N., call of July 18, 1S64; 1 year. 
 Wightman, Joseph P., Co. 1, 124th, Aug. 18, 1862, 3 years ; wounded May 
 
 3, 1863 ; died May 24, 1863. 
 Wilson, John S., Feb. 7, 1806. 
 Williams, George, Feb. 23, 1865. 
 Williams, Cateline, March 2, 1865. 
 Wilson, Frank, March 6, 1805. 
 
 Woodruff, David, Co. B, 3d, April 20, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Wood, Cliarles B., Co. 1, 7l8t M., June 28, 1861 ; 3 months. 
 Wood, Lewis T., Co. D, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Wood, Abram. Co. E, 19th M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Wood, Charles H., Co. I, 19tli M., June 4, 1862; 3 months. 
 Wordin, John, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1802; 3 months. 
 Wood, Jarvia, Ist Mounted Rides, Oct. 28, 1801. 
 Wood, Francis, 5th Cavalry, 1861. 
 
 Wood, Sprague R., 166th, call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Wood, Lewis F., 166th, call of August, 1802 ; 9 months. 
 Wood, John A., 160th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Wood, James, 168th, call of August, 1862; 9 months. 
 Wood, Isaac, Jr., col., 166th (not mustered), call of August, 1862 ; 9 months. 
 Wood, George, 63d. 
 
 Woods, James, 15th Cavalry, between Oct. 18, 1863, and July, 1864. 
 Worden, Erastus S., 16th Art., Dec. 28, 1863. 
 Woolfender, Thomas, Co. C, 98th. 
 Wood, John W., Feb. 24, 1865. 
 Wulfe, Frank, 5th Art.; 1 year. 
 Wyantz, Charles, Co. B, 56th, Oct. 28, 1861 ; 2 years. 
 Wyms, James, Co. I, 19th M., June 4, 1862 ; 3 months. 
 Wyman, William J., Feb, 11, 1805. 
 Young, Selden, sergt,, Co. B, 36th, June 17, 1861, 2 years ; re-enl. in 63d ; 
 
 wounded in Wilderness, 1864, and died of wounds in hospital. 
 Young, Charles J., Feb. 28, 1865. 
 Zyloph, Ferdinand, 7th (2d) Cavalry, Aug. 19, 1861. 
 
 PERSONS WHO COMMUTED. 
 
 DRAFT OCT. 7, 1863. 
 
 Albertson, Ezekiel. 
 Brown, Abram S. 
 Berrian, Daniel. 
 Brooks, Charles. 
 Brown, Eugene. 
 Bennett, George. 
 Bush, Charles. 
 Barns, Nathaniel. 
 Barnes, Edgar C, 
 Boyd, Simon, 
 Collins, James, 
 Coutant, William A. 
 Coleman, Hector S. 
 Chapman, Charles F. 
 Chapman, Thomas P. 
 Cromwell, Simon H. 
 Cherwood, Hobart. 
 Cotnu, John Louis. 
 Corwin, Howard. 
 Deyo, Abram. 
 Delaney, John, 
 Edmonston, AVilliam. 
 Ely, Smith. 
 Ferguson, Charles. 
 Fleming, Morris R. 
 Finley, William L. 
 Greene, George, 
 Gardiuer, John C, 
 
 Harris, John. 
 Horton, James £. 
 Jager, John. 
 King, George. 
 Knapp, James F. 
 King, Stephen, 
 McVey, James. 
 McCullough, William H. 
 McCann, Alexander. 
 McKinnie, William H, 
 Marvel, F. S. 
 Murphy, Owen. 
 Merritt, Theodore. 
 Martin, William. 
 Merritt, Daniel H. 
 Parker, James. 
 Purdy, James W. 
 Pine, George W. 
 Rorapaugh, David. 
 Kelyea, Miller. 
 Ronk, James. 
 Rose, Amos, 
 Redfield, Abram S. 
 Southwick, Richard A. 
 Sarvis, Charles. 
 Sutton, David R. 
 Shutes, Samuel E. 
 Smith, Nathaniel. 
 
(7hj&^yr\£i^ 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 351 
 
 Schoonmaker, John. 
 
 
 
 Wood, Isaac. 
 
 CALL OF DEC. 
 
 19, 1864. 
 
 Seymour, Charles. 
 
 Stilzer, John. 
 San-is, James S. 
 Thompkins, George. 
 Tice, Daniel. 
 Terry, Henry. 
 Underhill, Stephen. 
 
 
 
 Waugh, James W. 
 Waugh, Robert B. 
 Willifims, Jonas. 
 Watts, John. 
 Woodward, Benjamin. 
 Westlake, Theodore. 
 Waring, Clement. 
 
 Adams, John C. 
 Ashurst, John. 
 Barns, Daniel D. 
 Barns, William D. 
 Berry, Daniel. 
 Brown, Theron J. 
 Bull, William H. 
 Baird, Caleb J. 
 
 Hartshorn, Charles H. 
 Hillard, William. 
 Martin, Cyrus B. 
 Mardine, Lewis D. 
 Martin, Isaac M. 
 Odell, Benjamin B. 
 Potter, Leonard. 
 Rogers, John A. 
 
 PERSONS FURNISHING SUIJSTITUTES. 
 
 Blizzard, William. 
 
 Stewart, John. 
 
 DRAFT 
 
 OCT. 
 
 7, 1863. 
 
 Carpenter, Leonard W. 
 Casterline, Joseph. 
 
 Stern, FerdinarftJ. 
 Sanxay, Willinm B. 
 
 Bartlett, William E. 
 
 
 
 Robinson, Ebenezer G. 
 
 Doyle, Michael. 
 
 Scharps, Simon A. 
 
 Dickson, William J. 
 
 
 
 Bouk, Alfred A. 
 
 Dunning, Frederick. 
 
 Toohey, John 11. 
 
 Griffin, Henry J. 
 
 
 
 Rogers, Robert. 
 
 FiiUertoD, Stephen W. 
 
 Van Dalfsen, James T. 
 
 Moore, George. 
 
 
 
 Stanton, Samuel. 
 
 Fowler, Isaac S. 
 
 Weygant, Wesley J. 
 
 Moss, Charles. 
 
 
 
 Snider, William M. 
 
 Gardiner, G. W. V. 
 
 Wood, Isaac, Jr. 
 
 Mailler, William 0. 
 
 
 
 Townsend, Thomas P. 
 
 Hutchinson, William D. 
 
 Woolsey, George D. 
 
 Quaid, William. 
 
 
 
 Weller, James T. 
 
 Halstead, Charies H. 
 Hedges, Lewis. 
 
 Wood, Isaac E. 
 
 CALL 
 
 OF 
 
 JULY 
 
 18, 18G4. 
 
 
 
 Allen, George S. 
 Allison, John. 
 Adams, Elijah. 
 Alsdorf, Egbert. 
 Brown, William R. 
 Brown, Daniel G. 
 Bradley, Ambrose. 
 Bazzoni, James C. 
 Birdsall, Tliomas W. 
 Beveridge, James B. 
 Belknap, Moses C. 
 Blizzard, Bloomer. 
 Berry, William H. 
 Brewster, Eugene A. 
 Bodine, John. 
 Banks, Frederick W. 
 Belknap, William C. 
 Chambers, William. 
 Coleman, DeWitt C. 
 Clarendon, M. E. 
 Clark, George H. 
 Clarkson, David M. 
 Cauldwell, Alexander. 
 Corwin, Samuel W. 
 Chapman, Isaac C. 
 Cassidy, Ambrose S. 
 Clapp, George M. 
 Deyo, Emmett. 
 Dickey, James. 
 Dickey, James N. 
 Edwards, Thomas. 
 Fenlon, John B. J. 
 Fowler, George W. 
 Farrington, Thomas J. 
 Farrington, John M. 
 Farrington, Ezra. 
 Fowler, Henry D. 
 Gait, John. 
 George, George. 
 Hardenbnrgh, J. C. S. 
 Hasbrouck, William U. 
 Haiglit, Henry M. 
 Hasbrouck, Eli, Jr. 
 Hanmore, Benjannn. 
 Hayt, Nathatiiel B. 
 Hunter, Ezra J. 
 Johnes, Goldsmith D. 
 Jansen. William L. 
 Kennedy, John B. 
 Krismeyer, Meadoray. 
 Leonard, Channcey M. 
 Little, John W. 
 Lawrence, David T. 
 Lawaon, William C. 
 Leslie, George M. 
 
 McGregor, William. 
 McDonald, William J. 
 McCutcheon, Hugh. 
 McCord, James. 
 Morris, William G. 
 Mapes, William E. 
 Moffatt, Bruce. 
 Millspangh, Henry E. 
 Millspaugh, Frederick L. 
 Mills, Samuel C. 
 Mapes, Charles. 
 Miller, Samuel W. 
 Miller, James W., Jr. 
 Miller, John. 
 Oliver, George W. 
 Peck, Thomas M. 
 Parmalee, William S. 
 Purdy, ThoTnas W. 
 Pressler, William A. 
 Peck, Jonathan C. 
 Perry, James. 
 Quackenbush, Tunis S. 
 Ross, Samuel J. 
 Bamsdell, Henry P. 
 Ramsdcll, Jamei A. P. 
 Ramsdell, Thomas P. 
 Root, Charles. 
 Ruttenber, E. M. 
 Riley, George F. 
 Straw, L. S. 
 Seymour, James H. 
 Smith, Lewis M. 
 Scott, David A. 
 Smith, Charles. 
 Sears, John M. 
 Skidmore, E. 
 Sutt»jn, Charles G. 
 Townsend, George W. 
 Townsend, James A, 
 Thomas, Jonathan W. 
 Taylor, James W. 
 Ward. Peter. 
 Wiltsie, G. Fred. 
 Wilson, Arthur. 
 Walsh, Robert. 
 Whigham, David P. 
 W'eed, Jonathan N. 
 Waring, James K. 
 Wardrop, Gerald H. 
 Wiggins, L. Y. 
 Weller, Alanson T. 
 Young, James H. 
 Young, Robert. 
 Young, Josiah S. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 THOMAS POWELL. 
 Tliomas Powell was born at Hempstead, L. I., on 
 Feb. 21, 1769, and was the grandson of Thomas Pow- 
 ell, who emigrated to this country with his family 
 from Powelton, in Wales, where his ancestors held 
 large landed possessions. He located on Long Island, 
 where he became permanently identified with the 
 growth and settlement of the locality, and where he 
 passed the remainder of his days. His son, Henry 
 Powell, born at Hempstead in 1741, inherited his es- 
 tate, but jihoosing to espouse the cause of the colonies 
 in their struggle for independence, his possessions 
 were confiscated and he himself confined on board the 
 " Jersey Prison-Ship," and later in the " Old Sugar- 
 House." Surviving the horrors of this confinement 
 for three years, he was finally released. Two of his 
 sons, Jacob and Thomas, survived his death, which 
 occurred in 1781 by drowning while attempting to 
 save the life of his son Joseph, who likewise perished. 
 Jacob and Thomas Powell, though but sixteen and 
 twelve years of age respectively, set to work with 
 determined energy to support their sister and widowed 
 mother. After several business adventures they set- 
 tled in New York in 1798 and engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits, but were driven out by the presence of yellow- 
 fever in the city, and took up their residence tempo- 
 rarily at Newburgh. At this time a single dock and 
 one or two stores sufliced for the business of the vil- 
 lage, but the possibilities of the place were so apparent 
 that the brothers decided to locate there permanently. 
 They engaged in the mercantile and fonvarding trade, 
 and later added a banking business. Energy and fair 
 dealing speedily secured for them a large measure of 
 success and the respect of the community, and as 
 the village grew their business and wealth increased 
 correspondingly. They were selected from among 
 numerous applicants to rebuild Fort Putnam, at West 
 Point, a work which they executed promptly and to 
 
352 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 1 
 
 the satisfaction of the government. Jacob died in 
 1823, and the business was continued by Thomas. 
 The successful experiments of Fulton in steam navi- 
 gation gave a decided impetus to the carrying trade, 
 which was an important part of Mr. Powell's business. 
 About 1834 he built the "Highlander," one of the most 
 substantial and rapid steamers of the day. In 1844, 
 Homer Ramsdeil became associated with him in 
 business. 'In 1846 the "Thomas Powell," a steamer 
 celebrated for remarkable speed, was built, and 
 with the " Highlander," still traverses the waters 
 of the Hudson. The business of freighting was, how- 
 ever, soon carried on almost entirely by barges, and 
 of these the firm built several which are without su- 
 periors on the river. Although largely devoted to 
 developing and perfecting the carrying trade upon 
 the Hudson, Mr. Powell's energies were not confined 
 to that field of operations. He was actively inter- 
 ested in every work of progress and development 
 which took place in Newburgh in his day, and was 
 the originator of many jirojects which have greatly 
 increased the prosperity of the city. He was a large 
 stockholder in various manufacturing enterprises, 
 and in railroads, docks, store-houses, ferries, banks, 
 steamers, and barges. He was respected for his hon- 
 esty and integrity of character, and beloved for his 
 large-hearted kindness and active philanthropy. He 
 was a member of the Society of Friends, and quiet 
 and unostentatious in his habits and tastes. He died 
 on May 12, 1856. 
 
 At a public meeting held a few days after his de- 
 mise, called to pay a tribute of respect to his mem- 
 ory, the late Judge John W. Brown remarked as 
 follows : " In a public meeting of his neighbors and 
 townsmen, it were idle to speak of his public spirit 
 and the uses he made of his wealth during the last 
 twenty-five years of his life. How he applied it and 
 what he did with it is first in the recollection of us 
 all. It is sufficient to say that whatever measure of 
 activity pervades our public streets, our work -shops, 
 our wharves and places of business, we owe to the 
 prompt and intelligent interposition of Mr. Powell's 
 wealth and credit between us and the legitimate re- 
 sults of great public improvements which threatened 
 to dry up the sources of our prosperity and divert the 
 streams of our business into other channels. He was 
 not alone in his exertions to arrest the downward 
 tendency of our prosperity. There were others, and 
 especially one other, whose eflbrts were conspicuous 
 in the same emergency, and to whom the citizens of 
 Newburgh owe a debt of gratitude which it will be 
 difficult to pay." Reference was here made to Mr. 
 Powell's course, and that of his son-in-law, Homer 
 Eamsdell, in connection with the construction of the 
 Newburgh Branch Railroad, in which the firm became 
 responsible, through indorsements, acceptances, and 
 advances, for $202,219, and without which the con- 
 struction of the road would have been indefinitely 
 deferred. Mr. Powell's usefulness was not less mani- 
 
 fest in the organization of the Powell Bank in 1838, 
 and in the establishment of the Newburgh Steam- 
 Mills in 1844. 
 
 He married Mary, daughter of Robert Ludlow, and 
 had a family of five children, of whom the youngest, 
 Frances E. L., is the wife of Homer Ramsdeil. 
 
 HOMER RAMSDELL. 
 
 Homer Ramsdeil was born in Warren, Worcester 
 Co., Mass., on Aug. 12, 1810. His parents were Joseph 
 and Ruth (Stockbridgej Ramsdeil, natives of the old 
 town of Hanover, Mass., both being representatives 
 of pioneer families that, sharing in all the vicissitudes 
 of New England life in the early period of her his- 
 tory, developed such independence of spirit, such 
 powers of endurance, and such a tenacity of purpose, 
 as was destined to fit their descendants for positions 
 of honor and usefulness in the several communities 
 in which they might subsequently reside. 
 
 Mr. Ramsdeil was educated at the excellent academy 
 at Monson, Hampden Co., Mass., and after the close 
 of his educational course entered the dry-goods trade 
 in New York, where he remained from 1832 to 1840. 
 In 1844 he became one of the firm of Thomas Powell 
 & Co., of Newburgh, and from that time until the 
 present he has continued his connection with the mer- 
 cantile and forwarding business of the city. " From 
 the date of his association with the firm until Mr. 
 Powell's death he was very largely the administrator 
 of Mr. Powell's fortune, and to him, perhaps, the 
 communit}' owe most of the undertakings in which 
 the firm engaged. No public enterprise has for many 
 years been complete without his aid, while those of a 
 private character to which he has been a party have 
 not been limited in number or unproductive of general 
 benefit. The history of Newburgh for over a quarter 
 of a century has been his history, — its pathway is 
 studded with mementos of his usefulness."* 
 
 Mr. Powell died in 1856. Since that time Mr. 
 Ramsdeil has, by purchase and consolidation, added 
 other neighboring forwarding lines to his enterprises, 
 embracing not only those of Newburgh, but also those 
 of Poughkeepsie and Fishkill, in Duchess County 
 and Highland, Ulster County, so that to-day, by a 
 far-reaching capacity and extent of business, he stands 
 at the head of the forwarding and transportation 
 business on the Hudson. His undertakings are 
 characterized throughout by a spirit of enterprise 
 and accommodation to the public, of which his 
 maintenance and management of the excellent ferry 
 between Newburgh and Fishkill, and his spacious 
 covered wharves and commodious warehouses, are 
 an example. In every public enterprise his financial 
 ability and talents have been the leading factors, 
 while even those of his works of a more private 
 character have been such as, necessitating the em- 
 
 * History of Newburgh. 
 
tZ^^^ 
 
 ^^/^ 
 
 < 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 353 
 
 ployment of labor on a large scale, and the conse- 
 quent distribution of capital, have tended to promote 
 business interests generally, and thus conduce to the 
 welfare of the community. He is intimately identified 
 with the various local institutions of Newburgh, and 
 is a prompt contributor to the progressive and ele- 
 vating movements of his day. He sees from afar re- 
 sults to be attained only by a long train of operations, 
 and combining in an eminent degree the faculty of 
 perceiving the jiractical relations of things with a 
 skillful use of the means at his command, he has been 
 instrumental in bringing certain pul)lic questions to 
 a successful issue, and in converting what threatened 
 disaster to the community into a means of renewed 
 prosperity. 
 
 His resources and influence have been directed to 
 the development of the business and growth of New- 
 burgh as a means of promoting his own interests, so 
 that it may be justly said of him that he regards the 
 interests and advantage of his town as identical with 
 those of his own. 
 
 In 184.5, from a previously prosperous condition, 
 the village of Newburgh was nearly depleted of its 
 business and inhabitants by the opening of the New 
 York and Erie Railroad two years earlier to Goshen. 
 At this time that company had defaulted in the pay- 
 ment of interest to the State upon a $3,000,000 loan, 
 and a sale under foreclosure appeared inevitable. 
 The company appealed to the Legislature for relief. 
 A bill for that purpose, with conditions, one of which 
 was the construction of a branch railroad to New- 
 burgh, was accordingly presented ; but those adverse 
 to the measure outnumbered the friends of the Erie 
 Road, and for a time this now great trunk line seemed 
 doomed to defeat. 
 
 At this juncture, with a view to regaining its lost 
 importance and of aiding the completion of this 
 crippled yet important outlet to southern New York, 
 Newburgh came to the rescue and enlisted its best 
 men in the interest of the Erie Railroad. Her repre- 
 sentatives in the Legislature — the Hon. Robert Den- 
 niston, of Blooming-(jrove, in the Senate, and the 
 Hon. Thornton M. Niven, of Newburgh, in the As- 
 sembly — were appealed to, and, strongly backed by 
 their constituents, barely .saved the bill. 
 
 By reason of Mr. Ramsdell's commanding influence 
 in this connection, his successful labors in procuring 
 large subscriptions to its capital stock, and his effi- 
 ciency in reorganizing the company, he was later in 
 that year (1845) elected to fill a vacancy in the board 
 of directors, and, excepting a brief interval, has been 
 continued in the board, through all the various changes 
 of administration, to the present time. 
 
 In 1847 the question of the change of gauge of the 
 Erie Railroad from (5 feet to 4 feet 8.! inches was dis- 
 cussed, and Mr. Ramsdell advocated and voted for the 
 narrow gauge.' The road was then in operation only 
 between Piermont and Otisville, a distance of sixty- 
 one miles, and had a limited equipment of rolling 
 
 stock. The change that could then have been made 
 for a few thousands has since been done at the cost of 
 many millions. 
 
 In June, 1853, he was elected president of the com- 
 pany. The Legislature of the State of New York, in- 
 fluenced by State pride, — a popular fallacy at that 
 time throughout the country, — in granting the orig- 
 inal charter of the New York and Erie Railroad 
 Company limited its termini within the State, — Dun- 
 kirk at the west and Piermont at the east. It thus 
 encountered at its origin every winter an embargo 
 which threatened to defeat the object of its construc- 
 tion, and forced a direct connection with the city of 
 York by a divergence at Suftern's, thence through the 
 State of New Jersey. 
 
 On assuming the administration of the corporation 
 by Mr. Ramsdell, this connection, then just made, was 
 imperfect in all respects, and without terminal fiicili- 
 ties. Thus hampered, upon his own motion and indi- 
 vidual responsibility, he sought relief for his company 
 by the purchase of the Long Dock property, substan- 
 tially the property which is now owned by the New 
 York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad Company, — 
 viz., the lands pierced by the Bergen tunnel, the river- 
 front at Pavonia, and the intermediate lands connect- 
 ing them, a distance of more than two miles through 
 Jersey City. 
 
 At the next sitting of the Legislature of New Jer- 
 sej' (1856) he procured the passage of an act incor- 
 porating the Long Dock Company, to which he con- 
 veyed the property, and also obtained another act 
 authorizing the Erie Railroad Company to purchase 
 and hold lands in New Jersey, and to finish and com- 
 plete the Paterson and Hudson River Railroad. 
 
 In this way a legislative mistake was overcome, 
 and this great national thoroughfixre was extended 
 into the business centre of the great metropolis, and 
 the foundation was laid for terminal facilities equal to 
 its then extended and rapidly increasing necessities. 
 
 Upon the resignation by Mr. Ramsdell of the presi- 
 dency, in July, 1857, Messrs. Samuel Marsh, vice- 
 president, and others, a committee in behalf of the 
 board, by letter, after expressing for him their per- 
 sonal esteem and their appreciation of other valued 
 services by him rendered to the company "during a 
 long period of trying vicissitudes," .say, " we desire 
 particularly to tender the thanks of the board for that 
 crowningserviceof your administration, your original 
 conception and judicious purchase of the Long Dock 
 property ; which project, when fully completed and 
 annexed to the Erie Railroad, will constitute an un- 
 broken channel of communication between the im- 
 mense granaries of the productive West and the 
 markets of this great metropolis and Europe ; so that 
 while one end of our road terminates at the lakes and 
 rivers of the West, the other end shall discharge and 
 receive its freights and passengers at the wharf or 
 shipping at the port of New York, an advantage of 
 location, productiveness, and economy which is with- 
 

 354 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 out precedent in the history of railroads ; and as long as 
 
 New York continues the great commercial centre and 
 distributing point for the commerce of this country, 
 the Erie Railroad must be the great channel of its 
 western transportation. 
 
 "Your project has, therefore, not only rendered the 
 Erie Railroad a permanent and valuable auxiliary to 
 the commercial prosperity of our city, but it opens at 
 the same time an unfailing resource of income to the 
 company, which must yield a permanent profit to the 
 stockholders." 
 
 The construction of the Hawley branch of the Erie 
 Railroad was originated by Mr. Ramsdell more than 
 twenty years ago. It is the connecting link between 
 the road.s of the Pennsylvania Coal Comiiany and the 
 Erie Road, and by this means the coal-beds of Penn- 
 sylvania — direct communication with which was the 
 object in whose interest the construction of the Hud- 
 son and Delaware Railroad was contemplated by the 
 citizens of Newburgh more than forty years ago — 
 now pour their wealth into this popular enin'pot. 
 
 Mr. Ramsdell was also active and influential in pro- 
 moting the construction of the Newburgh and New 
 York (Short-Cut) Railroad between Vail's Gate on 
 the Newburgh Branch and Greenwood on the main 
 line of the Erie. This short road is a valuable con- 
 tributor to the business and convenience of New- 
 burgh. His agency, also, in bringing to a successful 
 completion the Newburgh Branch Railroad is else- 
 where referred to in this work. 
 
 Before the introduction of railroads into our system 
 of internal communication, the migration from New 
 England to the more productive lands of the West 
 was largely through Newburgh. To restore this lost 
 trade Mr. Ramsdell was among the first advocates of 
 a railroad from New England, and forty years ago 
 made the first reconnoissance of the country prepara- 
 tory to such an undertaking. The New York and 
 New England Railroad, now about to be opened to 
 Fishkill, will fulfill his early anticipations. 
 
 Mr. Ramsdell was married on June 16, 1835, to 
 Frances E. L., daughter of Thomas Powell, of New- 
 burgh. The children have been Mary L. P., who 
 died in childhood; Frances J., wife of Maj. George 
 W. Rains; Thomas P., James A. P., Henry P., 
 Homer S., and Leila R. Ramsdell. He has per- 
 sistently declined to accept political office, although 
 feeling a deep interest in the public events of his day, 
 and exerting a wide influence in the counsels of his 
 party. In early life he filled for many years a num- 
 ber of local offices, including those of trustee and 
 village president of Newburgh. 
 
 BENJAMIN CARPENTER. 
 
 The Carpenter family of Newburgh, N. Y., are 
 
 descended from Benjamin Carpenter, who was born 
 
 in England in 1730. He emigrated to this country 
 
 at an early age, and settled on Long Island, from 
 
 whence he removed to Latintown, now in the town 
 of Marlborough, Ulster Co. He resided at that place 
 until his death. His wife was Jane, daughter of Rev. 
 Mr. Leonard, of Goshen. Six children were the issue 
 of this marriage, among whom were Jacob and Leon- 
 ard Carpenter. These sons were closely identified 
 with the early mercantile and commercial life of New- 
 burgh, and were also owners of the ferry at that place. 
 Leonard Carpenter married Bridget, daughter of Isaac 
 Belknap, and had the following children, viz.: Ben- 
 jamin, the subject of this sketch ; Elizabeth, who 
 married William Thayer; Isaac R., for many years a 
 prominent and substantial citizen of Newburgh ; 
 Jane Belknap ; Alexander L., who removed to Ohio ; 
 Sarah ; Lydia ; Stearns ; and Cynthia Warren, who 
 married Francis Crawford. 
 
 Benjamin Carpenter, son of Leonard Carpenter, 
 was born on Feb. 14, 1793. For more than half a 
 century he was engaged in business in the city of 
 Newburgh. During the whole of that long period 
 he bore an intimate relation to the growth and com- 
 mercial development of the city, and was one of the 
 foremost of the business men of the day. From 
 memoranda left by himself we derive a correct ac- 
 count of his varied business enterprises and under- 
 takings. 
 
 Mr. Carpenter commenced mercantile life in the 
 year 1812, in Newburgh. and two years later formed 
 a partnership with Messrs. John and William Thayer. 
 Soon after the close of the war, 1812-15, this firm 
 purcha.sed the schooner " Ann," and engaged in the 
 West India trade. In the spring of 1817 this part- 
 nership was dissolved by Mr. Carpenter, and he com- 
 menced the freighting and mercantile business on his 
 own account, in the store afterwards occupied by 
 Charles Halstead, on Water Street. Subsequently 
 Mr. Carpenter removed to Front Street, where he 
 pursued a general commission and forwarding busi- 
 ness, grain constituting the chief commodity of 
 commercial export at that period. 
 
 This was the principal business in which Mr. Car- 
 penter engaged throughout the remainder of his life, 
 although a large number of collateral undertakings 
 in connection with it received his attention. 
 
 He was also interested in the encouragement of 
 other local enterprises. About the year 1818 he 
 erected the first hay-press in Newburgh. He also 
 built a starch factory on DuBois Street for parties 
 desirous of introducing that industry in Newburgh. 
 He purchased a building on Ann Street, and aided 
 George Fredorf in establishing a fancy soap business. 
 After the death of the latter the establishment was 
 sold to Ames & Spencer, and in course of time it 
 formed the basis of the large enterprise of Jesse 
 Oakley. 
 
 Mr. Carpenter was also a stockholder and director 
 in the Newburgh Whaling Company' from 1831 to 
 1840. After that company discontinued business he 
 purchased the sloop " Russell," in company with par- 
 
^. 
 
 -^i>2--? 
 
 ^. 
 
 t^i^y 
 
I 
 
-L^t^ 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 355 
 
 ties in New York, and sent that vessel to Havana, 
 wliere ii charter was received to go up the Baltic Sea. 
 This enterpriisc proved successlul. 
 
 In the year 1825, Mr. Carpenter established, in 
 company witli Henry B. Carpenter, the first foundry 
 in Newburfrh, in which, on March 18th of that year, 
 iron was melted for the first time in the town. 
 
 In 1828 he built the steamboat " William Young," 
 for conveyiuf; freight, as well as passengers, between 
 Newburgh and New York, one of the first steamboats 
 launched upon the Hudson for both the accommoda- 
 tion of passengers and the transportation of freight. 
 In 1838, B. Carpenter & Co. built the steamboat 
 ".James Madison," to take the place of the " William 
 Young." Subsequently the freighting business of this 
 firm was carried on by barges, the barge " Superior" 
 having been placed on that line in 184(i, and after- 
 wards the barge "Minisink." The entire business 
 of this firm was subsequently sold to Homer Rams- 
 dell & Co. 
 
 In 18.30, Mr. Carpenter became one of the original 
 stockholders and directors of the Hudson and Dela- 
 ware Railroad Company, and on the first establish- 
 ment of the Newburgh Steam-Mills Comjiany he 
 became also a stockholder and director in that enter- 
 prise. For several years, including the first year of 
 its organization, Mr. Carpenter was a director in the 
 Powell Bank (now discontinued), and he was one of 
 the original trustees of the Newburgli Savings-Bank, 
 founded in 1852. 
 
 He was greatly interested in the project of building 
 the Branch Railroad to Newburgh, connecting with 
 the lOrie Railroad, and materially aided in the accom- 
 plishment of that end. 
 
 The firm of B. Carpenter & Co., of which he was 
 the senior member, also became large stockholders in 
 the South plank-road enterprise. 
 
 In various other ways Mr. Carpenter was actively 
 interested in the establishment and conservation of 
 the institutions of Newburgh, and to no man more 
 than to him are due the prosperity and success of 
 many of the leading enterprises of the city. In con- 
 nection with his brother, Isaac R. Carpenter, he pur- 
 chased all the water-front between First and Second 
 Streets, laid out Front Street, built and filled up the 
 necessary wharv&s, and with the aid of a small vol- 
 untary subscription, he purchased the land and opened 
 Carpenter Street. He, together with Mr. Parmenter, 
 also gave the land and opened Eager Street. 
 
 In these and in many other enterprises his public 
 spirit and his interest in whatever pertained to the 
 growth and prosperity of Newburgh were manifested. 
 
 In 1830, Mr. Carpenter was elected a trustee of the 
 village of Newburgh, and was re-elected in 1831, '32, 
 '33, '34, '37, '38, '40, and '41. He also filled many 
 other positions of trust and honor in political and 
 business circles. 
 
 He was also prominently associated with religious 
 and benevolent work, being one of the founders of 
 
 the Bethel Mission, to the support of which he liber- 
 ally contributed, and he was one of the founders of 
 the Newburgh Bible Society. He was a leading 
 member and trustee of the First Presbyterian Church, 
 which office he held at the time of his death, which 
 occurred Jan. 31, 1871. 
 
 In all the relations of life, either as husband, father, 
 or friend, he ever manifested an unselfi.sh and devoted 
 spirit ; and in the community in which he pa-ssed a 
 long and useful life his name was a synonym for in- 
 tegrity, uprightness, and honorable dealing. 
 
 The wife of Mr. Carpenter was Miss Caroline S. 
 Carpenter, daughter of John Warren, of Saratoga 
 Springs, N. Y., who died April 5, 1856. 
 
 The children were Mary F., widow of the late 
 Lewis M. Strong, of Northampton, Mass. ; John W., 
 who died in infancy ; Warren, who died just as he had 
 entered the legal profession, and had given large 
 promise of a successful and brilliant career ; and Alida 
 Josepha, now residing in Newburgh. 
 
 UAVID CRAWFORD.. 
 
 No better or more appropriate sketch of the Craw- 
 ford family can be given than the following from the 
 " History of Newburgh" : 
 
 " There are several branches of the Crawford family 
 in this country, all of Irish origin, and all more or 
 less remotely connected. The Newburgh lamily of 
 that name are the descendants of John Crawford, 
 who came to America in 1730. He settled at Little 
 Britain, in this county, soon after the Clinton immi- 
 grants located there. His children were David, who 
 succeeded to the homestead farm, and had Francis, 
 for many years a resident of Newburgh ; Mary, who 
 married John Van Arsdale ; Jane, who married 
 James Denniston ; and James, who settled in what 
 is now the town of Crawford. 
 
 " Francis Crawford, only son of David, remained 
 on the homestead at Little Britain until 1806, when 
 he removed to Newburgh and entered into the mer- 
 cantile and freighting business with John Harris. 
 He retired from the trade in 1810, but re-entered it 
 in 1817, and continued in it until his death (April 23, 
 1829), in the sixty-seventh year of his age. 'There 
 were traits in his character well deserving notice and 
 imitation. From the uniform tenor of his conduct 
 through life it is believed that he lived and died 
 without a single personal enemy. Blessed with a 
 natural temper almost peculiar to himself, — an utter 
 stranger to petulance, passion, and the inordinate 
 love of gain, — he was the same man under all cir- 
 cumstances ; no one was ever wounded by his tongue 
 or made the victim of his avarice. He received the 
 bounties of Providence as they were bestowed, and 
 reaped the benefits of his prudence and industry, and 
 thereby secured to himself and his associates in busi- 
 ness the universal confidence of the public and the 
 esteem and admiration of innumerable friends. In 
 
356 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 short, he lived as a man should live in relation to his 
 fellow-man, and he died a.s a man should die in rela- 
 tion to his God and his Redeemer, — 
 
 * 'Tis only noble to be good : 
 Kind hearts are more than coronets. 
 And simple faith than Norman blood.'* 
 
 " Francis Crawford was thrice married, — first to 
 Eunice Watkins, by whom he had: 1, Samuel; 2, 
 Thomas ; 3, David ; 4, James. Mrs. Eunice Crawford 
 died in 1791, in her twenty-eighth year. Second to 
 Lydia, daughter of Jeduthan Belknap, Dec. 1, 1792. 
 Third to Fanny Denuiston (widow of Capt. Isaacs), 
 born Jan. 20, 1780, died Feb. 26, 1829. His sons 
 David and James came to Newburgh with him in 
 1806, and were his associates in his business until 
 1810. James afterwards opened the Mansion House, 
 of which he was for several years the proprietor. He 
 married Elizabeth Munson, who after his death mar- 
 ried John Farnum. David continued with his father, 
 and at his death received the principal portion of his 
 estate. 
 
 " David Crawford was born at Little Britain about 
 the year 1788. The precise date cannot now be ascer- 
 tained, in consequence of the destruction of the family 
 records by fire. He received such educational advan- 
 tages as the country .schools at that time afforded, and 
 in 1806 entered the store of his father as clerk. In 
 1810 he was appointed deputy sheriff of Orange 
 County, and discharged the duties of that office for 
 about one year. When the war of 1812 broke out, 
 he promptly responded to the call of Congress for 
 volunteers, and raised a company of artillery of which 
 he was elected captain, in which capacity he served 
 for about one year, when he received a commission 
 in the army of the United States, and remained in 
 the service until the close of the war in 1815. He re- 
 entered the mercantile and forwarding business with 
 his father in 1817, and prosecuted it until 1851. He 
 died July 23, 1856. 
 
 " As a citizen Mr. Crawford was highly esteemed, 
 and for several years held positions of honor and 
 trust. His integrity was undoubted, and throughout 
 his long business career his reputation was unsullied. 
 Always ready to lend a helping hand to others, there 
 are those among our citizens who can look back with 
 grateful remembrance to the kindly aid which he I'en- 
 dered to them when assistance was needed. In his 
 business and social intercourse he was especially affa- 
 ble and agreeable, — the sunlight of a perpetually happy 
 disposition appeared to be his. The Yorick of a thou- 
 sand jests, his genial humor was irresistible, and would 
 chase the clouds away from the gravest face. He was 
 unusually well informed in dramatic literature. Atone 
 time in his life he had a decided passion for this kind 
 of reading. With the plays of Shakespeare he was 
 very familiar, and could recall their scenes, charac- 
 ters, and many of their choice passages at will. His 
 
 * Newburgh Telegraph, April al, 1829. 
 
 love for children was another characteristic ; he de- 
 lighted in their presence, sympathized in their amuse- 
 ments, and always seemed to enter into the spirit of 
 their frolic. In a word, he was a patriotic, honest, 
 kind-hearted gentleman, and an excellent citizen. 
 
 " David Crawford married Fanny C, daughter of 
 Isaac Belknap, May 15, 1822, and had : 1, Isaac B. 
 (died young); 2, Mary Elizabeth, married Sands 
 McCamly, Aug. 6, 1844, died July 8, 1845, leaving 
 
 j Mary E. C. McCamly ; 3, James Thoma.s (died young) ; 
 
 I 4, Anna (now deceased), married Richard A. South- 
 wick, Oct. 11, 1849, had Fanny C, Anna C, and 
 
 ' Florence." 
 
 THE WALSH FAMILY. 
 The Walsh family came from the north of Ireland, 
 and were of Scotch descent. Thomas Walsh was 
 born near Carlisle, Pa., in 1751. His father, also 
 named Thomas, came to America and settled in the 
 Cumberland Valley, which was rapidly peopled by 
 hardy Scotch Presbyterians. About 1769, Thomas 
 Walsh, his parents having died, joined his only sister, 
 Mary, who was married to Maj. Hawks, of Sussex 
 Co., N. J. In 1772 he removed to New Windsor, 
 Orange Co., and settled on a farm near Washington 
 Lake, where he resided for the remainder of his life. 
 He was an intelligent Christian man, a great reader, 
 and a successful farmer. He was enrolled in Capt. 
 Nicoll's company of New Windsor. He turned out 
 with his company at the attack on Fort Montgomery, 
 and marched with it to repel the threatened Indian 
 raid at Peenpack. Dr. Higby, of silver-bullet fame, 
 was his intimate friend. It was found after his 
 death that all he owed in the world was one dollar. 
 His son William became the owner of the farm, on 
 which the old dwelling-house, built a century ago, is 
 still standing. He died March 19, 1819. Thomas 
 Walsh married Margaret Brush, of Rockland County, 
 who was of a New England family early settled in 
 the eastern part of Long Island. Mrs. Walsh sur- 
 vived her husband many years, and died at the resi- 
 dence of her son Henry, April 18, 1837, in the 
 eighty-fourth year of her age. She was of a cheerfiil 
 disposition and possessed great activity and energy. 
 The children of Thomas and Margaret Walsh were 
 William. John, Thomas, Mary, Rachel, Henry, Eliza- 
 beth, Michael, Harriet, and Anna. 
 
 WILLIAM WALSH. 
 
 William Walsh was born in the town of New 
 Windsor, near Washington Lake, Oct. 4, 1773. He 
 passed his earlier years on the homestead of his 
 father, availing himself meanwhile of the privilege 
 of acquiring such an education as the ordinary schools 
 of his day afforded. After leaving school he went to 
 New Windsor village, where he worked at ship-build- 
 ing. In those days New Windsor was an active, 
 thriving place. Many vessels were constructed there. 
 Sloops sailed on regular dates to New York, carrying 
 
^ 
 
 ^/Tu^/C 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 357 
 
 passengers and freight, and much business was trans- 
 acted. A partnership was formed between Judge 
 Morrell and William Walsh, and they carried on the 
 freight and passenger business, owning sIoojjs sailing 
 at regular dates for New York. William Walsh was 
 cajitain of a sloop, and sailed the same for several 
 seasons. Appreciating the superior advantages of 
 Newburgh, he removed to that place in 1812, and 
 engaged in the general dry-goods liusiness with his 
 brother Henry, the firm being William and Henry 
 Walsh. Subsequently the brothers dissolved and 
 continued business, each on his own account. Mr. 
 Walsh was president of the village of Newburgh for 
 two years, and a trustee for six years. He was town 
 clerk for three years, and supervisor of Newburgh for _ 
 nine years. He had the honor to represent New- 
 burgh at the celebration in New York in 1825 of the 
 opening of the Erie Canal. He was a member and 
 officer in Rev. Dr. Johnston's church for many 
 years, and one of its most active and influential sup- 
 porters. He was a man of fine presence, upright and 
 honorable, a firm friend and a kind neighbor, social 
 and friendly to all with whom he came in contact, 
 and a successful business man. He took an active 
 part in all public matters, and in the advancement of 
 the interests of Newburgh. 
 
 In 1827, William Walsh became the president of 
 the Bank of Newburgh, and continued in that posi- 
 tion until his death. Under his judicious and con- 
 servative management the bank prospered, and had 
 the entire and deserved confidence of the public. 
 
 Mr. Walsh erected the brick buildings at the south- 
 west corner of Water and Third Streets, Newburgh. 
 He lived there for several years, and subsequently 
 purchased the Betts property on Montgomery Street, 
 where he resided until his death, which occurred 
 Nov. 2, 1839. During his last sickness he was visited 
 by Henry Clay, and the interview between the two 
 men is said to have been an affecting one. 
 
 William Walsh married Mary, daughter of Isaac 
 Van Duzer, of Cornwall. Mrs. Walsh died Oct. 18, 
 1801, and their children — Isaac V. and Abram — died 
 in infancy. Mr. Walsh's second wife was Mary, 
 daughter of Judge Joseph Morrell, of New Windsor, 
 who was an officer in the Revolutionary war. Mrs. 
 Walsh died March 24, 1866. The children of Wil- 
 liam and Mary Walsh were Joseph M., Margaret, 
 William H., Albert, Charles, Mary A., Norman A., 
 John J., Edward L., and Sarah E. 
 
 HENRY WALSH. 
 
 Henry Walsh was born in the town of New Wind- 
 sor, Dec. 24, 178.5. After leaving school he sailed for 
 a season on board his brother William's sloop, and in 
 1803 went to New York, and remained for several 
 years in the office of the Republican Watch- Tower, a 
 newspaper of which David Denniston, of Newburgh, 
 was the publisher, and Mr. Cheatham the editor. 
 While connected with this journal Mr. Walsh made 
 
 the acquaintance of many of the leading public men 
 of that period. In 1808, Mr. Walsh engaged in busi- 
 ness with Isaac Schultz at Middletown, Orange Co., 
 and subsequently with Mr. Schultz's nephew, James 
 Thompson, at Pine Bush ; they dissolved Feb. 21, 
 1810. 
 
 In the spring of 1810, Henry Walsh removed to 
 Newburgh, and engaged in the general dry-goods 
 business at the southwest corner of Water and Second 
 Streets. He associated with him Samuel Williams, 
 the firm being Walsh & Williams. They dissolved 
 May 7, 1812, and the firm of William & Henry 
 Walsh was formed. The brothers subsequently dis- 
 solved. Henry became the owner of the premises 
 Nos. 39 and 41 Water Street, and carried on a large 
 business there for many years. Through long years 
 ofclo.se application to business his health had become 
 somewhat impaired, and in 1828 he purchased the 
 southern portion of the Smith farm on Liberty Street, 
 and repaired and enlarged the old cottage for his resi- 
 dence after retiring from business. He subsequently 
 disposed of a portion of his farm, and lived to see it 
 cut up by streets and covered with houses, and the 
 village of Newburgh grow to be a city. He experi- 
 enced a paralytic stroke in 1861, and died July 30, 
 1868. Mr. Walsh was a successful merchant, and 
 confined his attention to the legitimate lines of trade. 
 He was a great lover of books, and sought his highest 
 enjoyment in his own family and at his own fireside. 
 He was vice-president of the Bank of Newburgh for 
 a number of years, trustee of the village of New- 
 burgh in 1816, trustee of the Newburgh Academy, 
 and supervisor of Newburgh in 1854. He was a trus- 
 tee of the Associate Reformed Church for more than 
 fifty years, with which he early united, and with 
 which he maintained steadfast relations until his 
 death. 
 
 Henry Walsh was married Sept. 9, 1809, to Meheta- 
 bel, daughter of Capt. William Bull, of Wallkill, 
 who was an officer in the Revolutionary war. Mrs. 
 Walsh was possessed of a kind heart and loving, 
 sunny nature, and was a devoted wife and earnest 
 Christian mother. 
 
 The children of Henry and Mehetabel Walsh were 
 William B., .lulia A., James, Abram, Thomas, Me- 
 hetabel, Henry R., George H., Harriet, Augustus H., 
 and Robert. 
 
 HON. DANIEL B. ST. JOHN. 
 Daniel B. St. John was born in Sharon, Litch- 
 field Co., Conn., on Oct. 8, 1808. His ancestors 
 originally settled at Norwalk, Conn., from which 
 place Timothy St. John, his great-grandfather, re- 
 moved in the year 1756, settling at Sharon, where' he 
 died in 1806. In 1818 his grandfather, Daniel St. 
 John, and his father, Russell St. John, removed from 
 their native town, Sharon, to the city of Hartford. 
 Daniel St. John held various positions of importance 
 in his lifetime, was for many years a magistrate, and 
 
358 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 represented the town of Sharon in the Legislature of 
 the State. He also held the ofBce of county surveyor 
 of Hartford County for many years. He died at 
 Hartford, in 1846, at the ripe age of eighty-five years. 
 Russell St. John, father of our subject, was a promi- ' 
 nent agriculturalist in his time, and in 1825 received 
 from the Hartford County Agricultural Society a 
 silver cup, as a premium for the best cultivated farm in 
 Hartford County. This relic is still in the possession 
 of Senator St. John, and is greatly prized by him. 
 
 Daniel B. St. John received a substantial education 
 in the district and grammar schools of Hartford, and 
 for the last two years of his educational course re- 
 sided with his uncle, Milo L. Bennett, of Manchester, 
 Vt., then a practicing attorney, and afterwards judge . 
 of the Supreme Court of that State for many years. 
 In the year 1824, Mr. St. John removed to Monticello, 
 Sullivan Co., N. Y., and entered the store of his i 
 maternal uncle, Hiram Bennett, at that place as a 
 clerk. In 1831 he was admitted as a partner in the 
 business, and soon after became the sole proprietor. 
 He continued in active trade as a merchant and as a 
 dealer in real estate until 1848, when he retired from 
 mercantile pursuits. 
 
 The public career of Mr. St. John commenced in 
 1840, when he was elected to the State Legislature 
 from Sullivan County. He was at first a Henry Clay 
 Whig, and remained in the party until its dissolution. 
 He was a member of the committee on the anti-rent 
 difficulties between the manorial tenants along the 
 Hudson and the patroon Van Kensselaer, a position 
 of great importance because of the high feeling that 
 existed at the time between the parties, it being one 
 of the most prominent political questions in the State. 
 He was also a member of the committee, then annu- 
 ally appointed by the Legislature, to examine the 
 accounts of the treasurer, canal and bank depart- j 
 ments, etc. He was elected supervisor of the town 
 of Thompson, Sullivan Co., for the years 1843, 1844, 
 1845, and 1846, and in the latter year was elected a 
 representative to the Thirtieth Congress, serving 
 from 1847 to 1849. While a member of Congress he 
 served on the committee on post-offices and post- roads 
 with Abraham Lincoln, a warm personal friendship 
 existing between the two. At the close of his Con- 
 gressional term, in March, 1849, Mr. St. John was 
 invited to take charge of the bank department at 
 Albany, then under the supervision of the comptroller 
 of the State. Hon. Washington Hunt, afterwards 
 Governor, was then comptroller of New York, and at 
 his solicitation Mr. St. John accepted the position of 
 chief register, and occupied that place until 1851, 
 when, by act of the Legislature, the bank department 
 was made a separate and independent branch of the 
 State machinery. Mr. St. John was immediately 
 appointed superintendent, and organized the depart- 
 ment as a separate and distinct service. He continued 
 to hold the office until the year 1855. 
 
 In 1856, Mr. St. John concluded to retire from active 
 
 business life, having by industry and economy ac- 
 cumulated an estate sufficient to enable him to do 
 so ; and having a long cherished desire to engage in 
 rural pursuits and to enjoy country life, he pur- 
 chased about twelve acres of land on the banks of 
 the Hudson, in the town of Newburgh, which he 
 improved by the erection of suitable and convenient 
 buildings, cultivating the ground, planting fruit and 
 ornamental trees, and where he still makes his home. 
 In 1858 he was elected president of the Newburgh 
 Savings-Bank, when the total deposits amounted to 
 only S28,000. These have since increased to nearly 
 $3,500,000. The institution, of which Mr. St. John 
 is still president, is one of the strongest of its kind in 
 the State, and it is speaking strictly within bounds 
 to say that the great success which it has attained 
 is largely due to the business experience, sound judg- 
 ment, and strict integrity that was brought to the 
 management of its affiiirs by the selection of Mr. 
 St. John as president. In 1860, Mr. St. John was 
 elected a delegate to the National Union Convention, 
 at Baltimore, which nominated Bell and Everett for 
 the offices of President and Vice-President of the 
 United States. He was also nominated as a Presi- 
 dential Elector on that ticket, and for representative 
 in Congress the same year. In 1863 he received the 
 Democratic nomination for Secretary of State. In 
 1875 he was elected to represent the Tenth Senatorial 
 District of New York, consisting of the counties of 
 Orange and Sullivan, in the State Senate, by a ma- 
 jority of 996 over Morgan Shuit; and was again, 
 elected to the same office in 1877, defeating John A. 
 Clements by a majority of 1442. In 1879 he declined 
 a renomination to the Senate. In 1876 he was a 
 delegate to the National Democratic Convention, held 
 at St. Louis, which nominated Samuel J. Tilden for 
 the Presidency, and in the counsels of the Democratic 
 party throughout the State of New York he holds a 
 l>rominent and honorable place. His domestic life 
 is simple. In the community in which he resides 
 he enjo)'s the respect and esteem of all classes of citi- 
 zens, and is regarded as one of the most jirogressive 
 and substantial residents of Orange County. His in- 
 fluence is always exerted for the good of his fellows, 
 and he is in active sympathy with the philanthropic, 
 benevolent, and educational movements of the day. 
 His public and private dnties have been performed 
 with the greatest care, and through a long service in 
 public life his personal honor and official integrity 
 have never been questioned. He is of an affiible and 
 genial temperament, and justly one of the most popu- 
 lar men of his section. 
 
 CHARLES DOWNING. 
 Prominent among the old citizens of Newburgh, 
 whose lives, well spun out in the passage of years, 
 connect us with a past and rapidly-receding genera- 
 tion, is the subject of this sketch, who was born near 
 
C^^y ty?7^^ /^ 
 
 ^^^^'^^^ 
 
 21 
 
 m- 
 
 ■^^ 
 
JOHN FORSYTH. 
 
 •John Forsyth was born near the city of Aberdeen, 
 in Scotland, in 1786 or 1787. His parents were in 
 comfortable circumstances, but the death of his father 
 in the meridian of life, and the subsequent miscon- 
 duct of some persons with whom ho had been asso- 
 ciated in business, left his widowed mother, with a 
 family of young children, for a time in a straitened 
 condition. Her son was sent to the grammar-school 
 of Aberdeen, where he had for a school-mate the 
 famous Lord Byron, but from the cause before men- 
 tioned he was deprived of these educational advan- 
 tages sooner than he otherwise would have been. 
 
 Mr. Forsyth came to this country in 1805, intend- 
 ing to proceed to North Carolina or Georgia, in both 
 of which States some branches of his father's family 
 were settled. But by the advice of Prof. Kemp, of 
 Columbia College, to whom he had a letter of intro- 
 duction, and Mr. Robert Gosman, he was induced to 
 remain in the North. He came to Newburgh in 
 1810, simply to visit the Rev. Mr. Scrimgeour, pastor 
 of the Associate Reformed Church, and an old friend 
 of his mother, but with no intention of remaining 
 here. Here, however, he was induced to settle, and 
 here he spent the largest portion of his life. He soon 
 found employment, and until 1825 was largely en- 
 gaged in business as a builder. In the latter year 
 he became a partner in the firm of Law, Bevridge & 
 Co., — afterwards and more widely known as J. Bev- 
 ridge & Co., — in which he continued until his death, 
 in 1854. 
 
 Mr. Forsyth was a man of singularly robust frame, 
 and for many years his life was one of great activity. 
 He was a man of presence, — one of those whose face 
 and form would arrest the attention of a stranger, and 
 his mental and moral qualities were accordant with 
 the impression thus made. He was a wise counselor, 
 and there were few men whose advice was more sought 
 by persons of all classes ; and none who knew him 
 could doubt his unbending rectitude, his large heart- 
 edness, or his rare sagacity. He was for years a 
 director in the Bank of Newburgh, and a trustee of 
 the academy. He had a good deal to do with the 
 establishment of the Newburgh Steam-Mills — of 
 which company he was president — and of the Branch 
 Railroad. Indeed, to every public improvement he 
 was ready to lend a helping hand. 
 
 From early manhood Mr. Forsyth was an exem- 
 plary Christian, and was long a ruling elder in the 
 Associate Reformed Church. Catholic in spirit, he 
 was yet warmly attached to his own denomination, 
 and was widely known in it as one of its most zealous 
 and generous members. He was twice married, viz. : 
 first, to Jane, eldest daughter of John Currie, who 
 settled in Newburgh in 1802 ; second, to Anna Jane, 
 youngest daughter of John Brown. His children 
 (there were none by the second marriage) were 
 John, Robert A., and James C. The former is Rev. 
 John Forsyth, D.D., chaplain at West Point, and 
 an influential and highly esteemed citizen of New- 
 burgh. 
 
4 
 
NEWBURCtH. 
 
 359 
 
 the present residence of William W. Carson, on July 
 9, 1802. His fether, Samuel Downing, was of English 
 extraction, and was born in the year 17G1. He re- 
 moved fr(mi Cambridge, Mass., to Newburgh, and 
 from thence to Montgomery, intending to pursue his 
 
 ^kJi tytTL^^^^^-^—y^ 
 
 avocation as a carriage-maker at that place. Owing 
 to the bad state of his health at Montgomery, he 
 returned to Newburgh, where he established, on the 
 northeast corner of Broad and Liberty Streets, about 
 the commencement of the present century, a shop for 
 the manufacture of wagons and carriages. While yet 
 in the early stages of this undertaking, failing health 
 led him to engage in the more healthful Itusiness of 
 market gardening and cultivating a nursery, which 
 he planted on the property adjoining his shop. As 
 early as 1810 he ofl'ered lor sale trees ingrafted and 
 inoculated, including apples, pears, peaches, apricots, 
 and cherries. Although not the first to engage in this 
 avocation in the present county of Orange, he was the 
 first to conduct it so successfully as to secure its con- 
 tiiuiance. He led an industrious and sober life, and 
 died Nov. 1, 1822. His wife, Eunice, died Oct. 29, 
 1838, leaving five children, namely, Emily, born Jan. 
 24, 1801, married Sylvester Ferry, died March 11, 
 1864; Charles, the subject of the sketch ; George W., 
 born Feb. 22, 1804, died April 5, 1846; Fanny, died 
 ■in intimcy; and Andrew J., born Oct. 31, 1815, whose 
 useful life ended in the burning of the steamer " Henry 
 Clay," near Yonkers, July 28, 1852. 
 
 The early life of Charles Downing was passed under 
 the careftil training of his father in the nursery busi- 
 
 ness, and in attendance upon the common schools of 
 his day. At the age of fifteen his educational career 
 was completed at the Newburgh Academy, where he 
 attended during the winter months. Before he had 
 attained his majority his father died, and the re- 
 sponsibility of conducting his business and the sup- 
 port of the family, to a large extent, devolved upon 
 Charles. These duties he performed successfully until 
 his brother, Andrew J., reached adult years, when he 
 united with his brother in the management and con- 
 trol of the business under the firm-name of C. & A. 
 J. Downing. This business connection continued for 
 a few years only. In 1837, Mr. Charles Downing re- 
 moved to where Alfred Bridgman now resides ; his 
 brother remaining on the home place. The former 
 continued in the nursery business for thirty years at 
 that point, and by close and faithful application to 
 his chosen avocation established for himself a place 
 among the first pomologists of the United States. 
 
 Naturally of a penetrating and inquiring mind, he 
 studied closely the forms, varieties, and qualities of 
 the difl^erent fruits that came under his observation, 
 and by careful graftings and the collection of choice 
 seeds he was enabled to improve many varieties of 
 fruits, and originate others that bear his name to this 
 day. Among these latter may be mentioned Down- 
 ing's ever-bearing mulberry, champagne and red-cheek 
 cherries, and Downing's gooseberry. After retiring 
 from the nursery business, Mr. Downing continued 
 the investigation of fruits by obtaining trees and 
 grafts of new varieties to prove their nomenclature, 
 quality, and other characteristics, until a few years 
 ago, when he sold his grounds and removed to his 
 present residence in the city of Newburgh. He still 
 keeps up his interest in pomology, however, and is 
 studying with care the ever-changing forms and varie- 
 ties of fruit-life. His brother, Andrew J., devoted 
 himself more particularly to landscape gardening and 
 rural architecture, and as an author and writer on 
 such subjects, as well as the editor of the Horti- 
 culturist, secured a reputation which was not con- 
 fined to the country of his nativity. Charles Down- 
 ing was of a more practical turn of mind. He de- 
 lighted more in the cultivation, study, and growth of 
 those things of which his brother wrote, and it was 
 often the case that the pen of Andrew J. Downing 
 drew its inspiration from the practical knowledge of 
 his brother Charles. The latter, however, has been a 
 regular contributor to the current literature of the 
 day on such topics as he best understood, and since 
 the death of his brother has twice revised the latter's 
 book on " Fruit and Fruit-Trees," first in 1867, and 
 again in 1869. Since the last revision he has added 
 two appendixes, containing new iruits, corrections, 
 etc., making the whole work twice the original size. 
 
 While the days of Mr. Downing have been passed 
 within the inner circles of society, free from the tur- 
 moil and strife of political life, and in the peaceful 
 pursuits of husbandry, he has nevertheless sustained 
 
360 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 an important relation to the growth antl development 
 of liis native place, and been faitliful to all the duties 
 of the citizen. Great changes have taken place in 
 Newburgh since he made his debut upon the stage 
 of life, churches and schools have been established, to 
 which he contributed with liberal hand, and in a 
 quiet, modest way his influence has been exerted in 
 every good work. Physically of weak and feeble con- 
 stitution, he has. by careful self-discipline, regular 
 habits, and an industrious out-of-door life, achieved 
 a ripe old age, and his straightforward and honorable 
 career have won him the esteem of every good citizen. 
 Mr. Downing was married on Sept. 20, 1830, to 
 Mary, daughter of Samuel Wait, of Montgomery, 
 N. Y., but no children were born of the union. Mrs. 
 Downing died on Oct. 18, 1880. 
 
 HON. JOEL T. HEADLEY. 
 
 Joel T. Headley, of Newburgh, is descended from an 
 English family of title, some of whom have been dis- 
 tinguished as literary men. He was born in Walton, 
 Delaware County, on Dec. 30, 1813. His father was 
 for a long time pastor of the only church in the vil- 
 lage, which is picturesquely situated in a valley 
 hemmed in by sparkling streams and surrounded by 
 bold mountains. Amid such scenery his youthftil 
 imagination was kindled and strengthened, and his 
 love for the mountains and forests was born. Having 
 graduated at I'nion College, he studied theology in 
 Auburn Seminary, with the intention of making the 
 ministry his profession for life. Compelled to aban- 
 don it from ill health, he traveled aliroad, where he 
 remained a part of the years 1842 and 1S43. His cor- 
 respondence, published at the time in the New York 
 Tribune, made him first known to the public, and on 
 his return from Europe he became for a while assist- 
 ant editor of that paper. His first published work 
 was a translation of one of Sarsfield's works in Ger- 
 man. This was published anonymously. Soon after- 
 wards letters from Italy were published simultane- 
 ously in New York and Loudon. This was followed by 
 " Alps and the Rhine." " Napoleon and his Marshals" 
 succeeded, which had an extensive sale and enjoyed 
 a wide popularity. This popularity was increased by 
 " The Sacred Mountains." The next year he gave to 
 the press " Washington and his Generals." 
 
 These three books, by their unprecedented circula- 
 tion, founded the well-known house of Scribner & Co. 
 Mr. Headley was now fairly launched as an author, 
 and the demand for the productions of his pen was 
 unceasing. But in the mean time his health had 
 driven him to the mountains and wild forests, where, 
 with an Indian guide, he passed through the great 
 northern wilderness, where guides were then un- 
 known and tourists never came. The result was 
 a book called "The Adirondacks, or Life in the 
 Woods." It opened up this vast wilderness to the 
 public, which is now called the " Switzerland of 
 
 America." The pure air of the forest and the rough- 
 ness of camp-life restored the balance of the brain, 
 which for a while threatened serious consequences. 
 "Sacred Names and Characters," "Life of Crom- 
 j well," "The Old Guard," — the latter in part translated 
 from a French work,-^and the "Second War with 
 England" succeeded each other at shorter or longer 
 intervals. Mr. Headley 's success as an author caused 
 him some annoyances, and books that he never wrote 
 I were attributed to him, such as " Sacred Plains," by 
 j T. H. Headley. " Kossuth and his Generals" and 
 a pirated edition of his "Sacred Mountains" were also 
 i published, while fugitive pieces written for maga- 
 I zines were gathered up and published as his miscella- 
 nies, which compelled him to issue in self-defense 
 two volumes of miscellanies. A large house in 
 Philadelphia published two volumes that were, as far 
 as the outside went, fac-ximi/cs of " Washington and 
 his Generals," evading the law against piratical 
 works by calling it " Washington and the Generals 
 of the Revolution." " Sacred Heroes and Martyrs" 
 was a large octavo, and was so well received that an 
 English clergynuui published it in London, and had 
 the audacity to affix his own name to it as " revised 
 and corrected." Biographies of Gens. Scott and 
 Jackson had a limited sale. A period of inactivity 
 followed, during which Mr. Headley was elected to 
 the Legislature of New York State. The following 
 year, 1856, he wa.s elected Secretary of State. At the 
 end of two years he retired, disgusted, from political 
 life. "A Life of Washington," a large octavo, had 
 an immense sale, as did also, a few years after, his 
 " History of the Great Rebellion." " Grant and 
 Sherman, their Campaigns and Generals," also had 
 an immense circulation. This was followed by "Far- 
 ragut and our Naval Commanders." A history of 
 the " Great Riots" of New York City possessed only a 
 local interest, and had a limited sale. It was after- 
 wards published in a new form, embracing the great 
 railroad riots throughout the country. The " Life of 
 Grant," however, preceded this. His next work was 
 " The Recent Great Explorers of Central Africa," 
 including Livingstone, Stanley, Baker, and Cameron. 
 His last work was " Grant's Tour Around the World." 
 
 THOMAS SHAW. 
 
 The Shaw family of Newburgh and New Windsor 
 are descended irom Thomas and John Shaw, brothers, 
 who emigrated from Ireland in the year 1790 and 
 took up a settlement in New Windsor. Thomas 
 Shaw had two sons, — Thomas, Jr., the subject of this 
 memoir, and Robert, who was born in 1803. 
 
 Thomas Shaw, Jr., was born at Clinton Farm, 
 Orange Co., N. Y., on June 12, 1799, and received- 
 his early education in New Windsor. He was sub- 
 sequently apprenticed to learn the trade of a carpen- 
 ter. He removed to Newburgh in 1832 and engaged 
 in the carpentering and general building business. 
 
i:z:^>-^-Z" 
 
 C^^^i^ei.yt<^' 
 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 361 
 
 A few of the older buildings that were erected by him, 
 and that bore witness to his architectural, as well as 
 his mechanical, skill, were the United States Hotel, 
 the old Powell store-house, the store-house of Benja- 
 min Car])enter, and the store-house of Mailler & Co., 
 and of Skidniore, Bull & Co. In 1852 he established 
 the firm of Thomas Shaw & Sons, erected the large 
 building now occupied by his successors, Thomas 
 Shaw's Sons, and engaged extensively in the manu- 
 facture of building materials, and in the business of 
 carpenter and joiner. For many years he carried on 
 a large and successful business, and did much in 
 building up and beautifying the city of Newburgh. 
 He was a man of modest parts, plain and unassuming, 
 devoted to his profession, and of industrious and 
 regular habits of life. Holding himself aloof from 
 active j)articipation in public affairs, he confined him- 
 self strictly to his own business, and by his straight- 
 forward and honorable dealing commandeil the respect 
 i]f the community in which he passed so many years 
 of his life. He filled the office of street commissioner 
 of Newburgh for two years. He was a member and 
 trustee of the Union Presbyterian Church, and a 
 prompt contributor to all worthy objects. He died 
 Feb. 6, 1877. Mr. Shaw was three times married, — 
 first to Miss Eleanor Burnett, of whom was born one 
 son, Samuel Crawford ; secondly to Harriet, daugh- 
 ter of John Walsh, and granddaughter of Samuel 
 Logan, having issue who reached mature years, — 
 George W., born July 31, 1824 ; Charles B.,born July 
 29, 1827 ; and Elkanah K., born Dec. 27, 1834 ; and 
 thirdly to .Tane, daughter of John Walsh. 
 
 The successors of Mr. Shaw in business are George 
 W. and Charles B. Shaw, who are associated together 
 under the firm-name of Thomas Shaw's Sons. Con- 
 nected with them is Elkanah K. Shaw, who has repre- 
 sented the Second Ward of Newburgh in the Common 
 Council, has been a member of the board of water 
 commissioners, and for eighteen years a trustee of 
 the Union Presbyterian Church. He studied archi- 
 tectural drawing with John W. Priest, served three 
 years in the machine business with Samuel Stanton, 
 and is the architect of the establishment. Many 
 public and private buildings in Newburgh attest his 
 architectural skill, among which may be mentioned 
 the Union Presbyterian Church edifice, the Grand 
 Street public school building, the engine-houses of 
 Nos. 2, 4, and 5, the city post-office, the Third Ward 
 grammar school building, the Erie Railroad depot, 
 and the bleachery of Chadwick Brothers, all of which, 
 save the grammar school, were built by the firm. The 
 firm is also doing a large business in the way of ship 
 and steamboat joinery. The joiner- work on five of the 
 ferry-boats of the New Jersey Central Railroad was 
 done by them, and among the vessels that they fin- 
 ished were the " Edgar Stuart" and " Anna," after- 
 wards known as Cuban privateers. In addition to their 
 business as Imilders, they manufacture everything in 
 the shape of house-builders' supplies. 
 24 
 
 HON. JAMES MACKIN. 
 
 James Mackin was born at Newburgh, Orange Co., 
 N. Y., on Christmas Day in the year 1823. His 
 parents were John and Eliza (Jenkins) Mackin, the 
 former of whom was a general carter at Newburgh, 
 and agent for the People's Line of steamers. He 
 died about the year 1829, at the early age of twenty- 
 eight, and his wife a few years later. Of a family of 
 four children, James Mackin was the second. His 
 brother Charles, the oldest of the family, commenced 
 life as a clerk in the employ of John D. Phillips, of 
 Newburgh, when eleven years of age. After a few 
 years he clerked for Odell Gregory, in the shoe busi- 
 ness, and finally entered the dry-goods store of George 
 Cornwall. When only eighteen years of age he was 
 made a partner in this house. About 1825 he mar- 
 ried Miss Sarah J. Merritt, daughter of Isaac Mer- 
 ritt, of Hart's Village, Duchess County, and a niece 
 of Charles A. Macy, of the firm of Howes & Macy, 
 bankers, of New York. Soon after his marriage Mr. 
 Mackin removed to New York and established the 
 wholesale dry-goods firm of Carpenter & Mackin, 
 doing a successful business for several years. At the 
 opening of the war he withdrew from the firm and, 
 in connection with his brother Francis, engaged ex- 
 tensively in the manufacture of clothing for the army. 
 The enterprise proved so remunerative that Mr. 
 Mackin retired from business life in 1865. His first 
 wife having died, Mr. Mackin married, several years 
 after. Miss Lizzie Hart, whom he met in Europe while 
 traveling abroad, the ceremony being performed in 
 Paris at the house of the American minister. After 
 an extensive tour, Mr. Mackin returned home with 
 his bride in the fall of 18()7, and died in February 
 following. His death was greatly lamented. Mary, 
 only sister of James Mackin, is the widow of James 
 M. Kernochan, formerly captain of the " James Madi- 
 son," running between Newburgh and New York, 
 and who at the time of his death was assistant naval 
 officer at New York. Francis, a younger brother, is 
 a prominent banker and large real estate owner in 
 Newark, N. J., and has been several times a member 
 of the Legislature of New Jersey. 
 
 By the death of his parents Mr. Mackin was thrown 
 upon his own resources at an earl}- age, and his op- 
 portunities for obtaining an education were of the 
 most limited kind. Through some mysterious agency 
 he crossed the Hudson River to Fishkill at about the 
 age of ten years, where he found employment and 
 protection with John Peter DeWint, a wealthy and 
 influential resident of that place, and the owner of 
 large tracts of land and a large river frontage. He 
 continued to remain with Mr. DeWint, and upon at- 
 taining the age of sixteen or seventeen years assumed 
 charge of some of that gentleman's business matters. 
 He gradually rose to the p<isition of Mr. DeWint's 
 general business agent and manager, and at his death 
 in 1870 was appointed executor of his large estate. 
 
362 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 In the discharge of tlie responsible duties of that 
 place he is at present engaged. 
 
 Wliile Mr. Mackin has displayed in the manage- 
 ment of the large business interest that he represents 
 a high order of executive and financial ability, it is 
 in the more uncertain field of political life that he 
 has become most widely known. He entered public 
 life as a Whig, and was a delegate to the State Con- 
 vention at Syracuse, at which the Whig party and 
 Free-Soil Democrats united, and was secretary of that 
 body. He was appointed postmaster at Fishkill by 
 President Fillmore in 1849, and filled the position for 
 four years. In 1857 he was elected supervisor of the 
 town of Fishkill against the candidate of the Know- 
 Nothing party, and was made the chairman of the 
 board upon its organization. He was re-elected the 
 following year, and in the fall of 1S58 was chosen by 
 the Republicans to represent Duchess County in the 
 State Legislature by a majority of 568. He has sub- 
 sequently been supervisor of Fishkill for three years, 
 acting as chairman of the board. 
 
 He was an active supporter of the war, and in warm 
 sympathy with the Union cause and the preservation 
 of the integrity of the nation. He assisted greatly 
 in enrolling and fitting out the quota of troops called 
 for by the national government from Fishkill, and 
 in obtaining the commissions of the ofl5cers of the 
 companies. He was the third United States assessor 
 appointed by President Lincoln at the opening of his 
 administration, and filled that office for Duchess and 
 Columbia Counties for two and a half years. At the 
 close of the war Mr. Mackin transferred his political 
 fealty to the Democratic party, and occupies a promi- 
 nent place in its deliberations and counsels. As the 
 candidate of that party, he represented Duchess 
 County in the State Legislature in 1873, 1874, and 
 1875. In 1877 he was elected to the responsible office 
 of treasurer of the State of New York, and filled the 
 position in an able and popular manner for two years. 
 He was the candidate of his party for re-election in 
 the fall of 1879, but was defeated, owing to the de- 
 fection of Tammany Hall, by a majority of only two 
 thousand out of over a million of votes cast. 
 
 In business life Mr. Mackin has been uniformly 
 successftil, and sustains in the community in which 
 he dwells and in his native city of Newburgh a repu- 
 tation for integrity and ujirightness of character. So- 
 cially he is the most affable of men, of frank and 
 generous nature, and is justly popular with a large 
 circle of friends. He is a member of the Manhattan 
 Club of New York City, and on intimate terms with 
 many of the leading public men of the day. He is a 
 warm personal friend and admirer of Governor Tildcn, 
 and a frequent visitor at his home. For a short time ho 
 was in the mercantile busine.ss at Fishkill, was one of 
 the organizers of the First National Bank of Fishkill 
 Landing, and has been the president of that institu- 
 tion since 1867. He is of a progressive spirit, and 
 lends the support of his means and influence to the 
 
 various benevolent and social enterprises of the day. 
 He has frequently served as a delegate to the State 
 Conventions of his party, and was a delegate to the ]; 
 National Convention at St. Louis in 1876 that nomi- Ij 
 nated Governor Tilden. ]• 
 
 Mr. Mackin has been twice married. His first wife j' 
 was Miss Sarah E. Wiltsie, daughter of Capt. James 
 Wiltsie, of Fishkill, and died in 1862. To his present 
 wife, nic Miss Sarah S., daughter of e.\-Mayor Col. 
 James H. Britain, of St. Louis, he was united on 
 Nov. 13, 1879. 
 
 HON. GEORGE CLARK. 
 George Clark was born in the city of Newburgh on 
 Aug. 6, 1817. His parents were William and Mary 
 Clark, the former of whom emigrated from the north 
 of Ireland at an early day and took up his residence 
 in Newburgh. The only surviver of the family of t«n 
 children is Mrs. Anna E. (Clark) Copeland, wife of 
 ex-Mayor Judge Copeland, of Brooklyn. 
 
 The book education of Mr. Clark wiis obtained at 
 the common schools of Newburgh, and at Goodsell's 
 Academy of that city, where he was graduated. At 
 the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to Daniel Far- 
 rington and Benjamin Lander, of Newburgh, to learn 
 the trade of a painter. After two years he commenced 
 business on his own account in partnership with 
 James S. Young, and remained in that connection for 
 two or three years. In 1840 he was married, and one 
 year later he removed to New York City, where he 
 carried on the wholesale and retail painting business 
 for fifteen years. At the expiration of that time, hav- 
 ing, by close attention to business and judicious and 
 careful investments, accumulated a competency, he 
 returned to his native city of Newburgh, in 1856, and 
 thereafter engaged in no special business, but devoted 
 his time and attention to public affairs, and to the 
 support, direction, and management of various local 
 institutions and enterprises. He died June 3, 1871, 
 the flags on the buildings in Newburgh, and on the 
 shipping at that place, being displayed at half-mast. 
 
 The special characteristics of Mr. Clark were the 
 possession of great force of character, indomitable 
 will-power and perseverance, strong individuality, 
 and a laudable desire to succeed and excel in any- 
 thing which he undertook. In his trade he was es- 
 pecially skillful, and as a grainer he had few. equals in 
 the State, having taken the prize for superiority in 
 that department of his profession at several successive 
 fairs at the American Institute, New York. He 
 brought to the discharge of public afl^airs the same in^ 
 dustrious and indefatigable spirit, and many of the in- 
 stitutions of Newburgh owe much of their success to 
 his strong business ability and his devotion to their 
 interests. Personally he was magnetic, of agreeable 
 presence, and well calculated to lead and control 
 others. A devoted adherent to the Republican party, 
 he represented one of the districts of New York City 
 
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NEWBUKGH. 
 
 363 
 
 in the State Legislature in 1851, and was also a mem- 
 ber of the Common Council of that city. He was 
 i warm supporter of the war, strongly devoted to 
 Union principles, and during the war exerted himself 
 actively in raising and equipping the necessary troops 
 from his city, and gave them all God-speed as they 
 wended their way southward to encounter the perils 
 jf the battle-field. As the Republican candidate for 
 ^enator from the Tenth District of New York he 
 vviis defeated by Hon. Wm. M. Graham. 
 
 Mr. Clark was identified in a prominent way with 
 the administration of public affairs from the time of 
 liis return to Newburgh until his death. He was 
 elected the first mayor of the city in 1866, when 
 Newburgh was incorporated as a city, and, in the 
 face of much opposition and an inadequate supply of 
 funds, so successfully conducted the affairs of the new 
 municipality as to secure his re-election in 1868. He 
 retired in 1870, and was succeeded by his brother-in- 
 law, Robert Sterling. In 1868 he was the delegate from 
 his congressional district to the Chicago Republican 
 Conventiou which nominated Gen. Grant to the Presi- 
 dencj', of whom he was always a warm friend and 
 admirer. Upon the occasion of President Grant's 
 visit to Newburgh, on Aug. 7, 1869, he was the 
 special guest of Mayor Clark, at whose hospitable 
 home he was entertained, and the address of welcome 
 was delivered by Mr. Clark at " Washington's Head- 
 quarters," in that city. 
 
 On Jan. 5, 1857, Mr. Clark was elected a trustee of 
 the Newburgh Savings-Bank, but resigned on Jan- 
 uary 4th of the following year. At the time of his 
 death he was persident of the Board of Water Com- 
 missioners of the city, president of the Newburgh 
 Midland Railway Comjjany, a member of the Board of 
 Managers of the Hudson River State Hospital, and 
 occupied various other positions of honor and trust. 
 He was the virtual founder of Woodlawn Cemetery 
 on the southerly borders of the city, selected the site 
 for it, purchased the land, had it surveyed and laid 
 out and adorned with trees, and at the time of his 
 demise owned a large part of it. One of the most 
 successfiil enterprises of its kind in the county, it 
 must ever stand as a monument to his business judg- 
 ment and tact. 
 
 The integrity of George Clark was never ques- 
 tioned. To the discharge of the various duties of 
 life he brought a straightforward, honorable spirit that 
 was actuated and controlled by deep-seated religious 
 convictions. During his residence in New York City 
 he was a member and trustee of the Presbyterian 
 Church on Twenty-third Street, of which Rev. Dun- 
 lap Smith, D.D., was pastor, and after his removal to 
 Newburgh he united with the First Presbyterian 
 Church of that city, and remained a devoted and 
 faithful member until his death. He was a member 
 of the building committee of the church, and per- 
 formed other valuable functions in connection with 
 his membership thereof. At the time of his demise 
 
 appropriate resolutions were passed by the various 
 institutions with which Mr. Clark was connected, 
 among which were the following by the Common 
 Council of the city, on June 3, 1871 : 
 
 ^^liesolved, As we have received intelligence of the death of our friend 
 and citizen, Hon. George Clark, with tlio most profound sorrow, we deem 
 it appropriate that this Council should make a record of the high esteem 
 in wliich he was held by us, and of our grief at his unexpected decease. 
 
 " Jieaoli-ed, That his faithful discharg'e of the duties t>f the various offi- 
 cial positions he has filled, his unswerving integrity as a man, his enter- 
 prise and energy as a citizen, were the admiration of all who knew him. 
 Ho waa a devoted friend, a true gentleman, a kind and loving husband 
 and father. 
 
 "/?e«o/ved, That with these convictions of tJie qualities of our deceased 
 friend, we can but regard his death a« a calamity to the public and a 
 source of profound grief to his family. 
 
 ^^Itemhed, That we willingly bear testimony to his being a most esti- 
 mable and valuable citizen. So diligent was he in his duties, so sincere 
 of purpose, and so moved by the spirit of public enterprise, we can but 
 feel that our city has sustained an almost irreparable loss. Most sin- 
 cerely do we deplore his death." 
 
 Mr. Clark was married on Jan. 27, 1840, to Miss 
 Augusta, daughter of Jason W. and Martha (Grif- 
 fith) Rogers, of the town of Montgomery, and grand- 
 daughter of Daniel Rogers, one of the first settlers on 
 the Wallkill, in that town. Her father served as a 
 captain in the war of 1812. Her maternal great- 
 grandfather was Robert Griflith, a sea captain and a 
 native of Wales, who married Miss Peck, daughter of 
 the gentleman after whom " Peck's Slip" was named. 
 Crissy, his daughter, married Cadwallader Colden, 
 and lived at Coldenham. Robert, his son, grand- 
 father of Mrs. Clark, settled in Orange County, two 
 miles beyond Walden, about 1795, and was twice 
 married. His first wife was Rebecca Barnes, of whom 
 were born six children, among them Martha, wife of 
 Jason W. Rogers. 
 
 The children of Mr. and Mrs. Clark were Mary 
 Augusta, wife of T. Powell Townsend, of Newburgh ; 
 George H,, a graduate of the College of New Jersey, 
 Princeton, in 1864, and a practicing lawyer at New- 
 burgh ; Martha Louisa, who married Jonas Williams, 
 of Newburgh, Nov. 8, 1876, and died July 15, 1877 ; 
 and Robert Sterling, who graduated at Princeton in 
 1874, and died Aug. 20, 1876. 
 
 WILLIAM WRIGHT. 
 
 William Wright was born near Newark, Wayne 
 Co., N. Y., on the 17th day of May, 1818, and was the 
 third of a family of four children who reached ma- 
 ture years. His parents were Jncob and Mary (Drake) 
 Wright, and the other members of the family, Mary 
 E., who married AVatsOn Clark ; Sarah, who married 
 James D. Ford ; and John D., who married Catharine 
 Brow-er. 
 
 Born in humble circumstances in life, Mr. Wright 
 enjoyed such educational advantages ahme as the 
 common schools of his locality aftbrded. But while 
 still a mere youth the bent of his mind manifested 
 itself in the direction of mechanical investigation and 
 experiment, and gave evidence thus early in life of the 
 
364 
 
 HISTORY OP ORAJSfGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 possession by him of an original cast of mind and a 
 genius for invention. Before lie was eighteen years of 
 age he built a small steam-engine out of crude mate- 
 rials, with a stove-pipe for a boiler, doing all the work 
 alone in the cellar of his father's house, and when he 
 had only seen one small engine before. This quite 
 unusual feat by a lad of his age attracted the attention 
 of many peojile in his native place, and among others 
 of John Daggett, with whom he soon after associated 
 himself, and commenced to learu the trade of a me- 
 chanic. He remained with Mr. Daggett for two and 
 a half years, being foreman of his sh(jp a portion of 
 the time, and exercising a general oversight over his 
 business. At the end of that time he removed to Ni- 
 agara Falls, and worked in the repair-shops of the 
 BuflTalo and Niagara Falls Railroad, with the inten- 
 tion of becoming an engineer of that road, but ill- 
 health prevented the consummation of this plan. He 
 soon after engaged in the construction of steam- 
 engines at Palmyra, N. Y., where he continued until 
 1842. In that year he removed to Rochester, N. Y., 
 where he also engaged in engine-building, in con- 
 nection with John Bush, until 1845. In that year 
 lie invented a rotary .steam-engine, and soon after 
 removed to Providence, R. I., where, in partnership 
 with Mr. F. Church, he engaged in building the 
 engine that he had invented. This business enterprise 
 continued for one year, at the expiration of which 
 time Mr. Wright worked for a short period in the 
 employ of the Providence Tool Company, and finally 
 engaged with Corliss, Nightingale & Co., of that city, 
 manufacturers of steam-engines, as superintendent of 
 their works, with whom he remained until 1850. At 
 that time what is now known as the " Corliss engine" 
 was deficient in several points necessary to make it a 
 successful mechanical engine. The rotative valve 
 which is now used by Corliss and others in the con- 
 struction of their engines was designed at that time 
 by Mr. Wright, and tended greatly to give the Corliss 
 engine the success it afterwards attained. The original 
 sketch drawn by him, verified by a fellow-workman, 
 and adopted at that time by Corliss, is still in the pos- 
 session of JJr. Wright. To those who are familiar 
 with mechanics, and especially with the mechanical 
 construction of steam-engines, the value of this dis- 
 covery becomes apparent. By it Mr. Corliss was 
 enabled to perfect his own engine, and he has ever 
 since continued to use it. At a later period Mr. Cor- 
 liss attempted to enjoin Mr. Wright and others, in the 
 United States Circuit Court, from employing the prin- 
 ciple of automatic cut-off, but foiled to maintain a 
 case. 
 
 In the year 1850, Mr. Wright withdrew from the 
 employ of Corliss, Nightingale & Co., and built a 
 large condensing engine for Brown Brothers, of 
 Waterbury, Conn., which is still in use by that firm. 
 Soon after he was employed as general superintendent 
 by Messrs. Woodruff & Beach, of Hartford, Conn., 
 and superintended the designing, building, and erec- 
 
 tion of several large engines similar to tlie one built 
 for Brown Brothers, besides the large pumping-engines 
 for the Brooklyn Water- Works, which he patented, to- 
 gether with another automatic cut-off" engine, exten- 
 sively built and used in all parts of the country. This 
 eut-off engine was one of the first of that kind made. 
 During the time that Mr. Wright was emjiloyed by 
 Messrs. Woodruff & Beach he superintended the build- 
 ing and erection of the machinery of the " Kearsarge," 
 and other gunboats used in the late war. In 1863 he 
 resigned his position with the firm and became a 
 member of the New York Steam-Engine Company, 
 remaining as such until 1806, and building during 
 that period many engines for government gunboats. 
 In 1866 he became supervising engineer for the Wash- 
 ington Iron-Works, of Newburgh, N. Y., for the pur- 
 pose of building his patented steam-engines, Mr. 
 Wright receiving a salary and royalty on his patents. 
 In 1870 he organized, in connection with several j)art- 
 ners, the firm of William Wright & Co., doing busi- 
 ness in the shop formerly oceujiied by the Washington 
 Iron-Works. On the dissolution of the firm, in 1876, 
 Mr. Wright continued the business, and is still engaged 
 in manufacturing engines and general machinery. 
 He is now extensively engaged in the manufacture of 
 a new style of engine, under a patent issued in May, 
 1880, as well as under his original patents of 1866 and 
 1873. These engines are extensively used in all parts 
 of the country, and enter into successful competition 
 with the best engines in the market. Besides these, 
 Mr. Wright has lately built several of his patented 
 pumj^ing-engines, gi'eatly improved by applying the 
 principle of compound engines, which perform a duty 
 heretofore unprecedented and which are a credit to 
 his mechanical genius. 
 
 Owing to his long experience and his natural me- 
 chanical talents, Mr. Wright stands at the head of his 
 profession as a steam-engine builder, and has a wide 
 reputation tliroughout the countrj' in that regard. 
 Although his life has not been free from difficulties 
 and trials, and although he has had many obstacles to 
 surmount, his mechanical genius, his patient assiduity 
 in his profession, and his industrious habits, have 
 advanced him to a prominent place among the in- 
 ventors of the age. It has been well said that " he 
 who creates anything is a benefactor to mankind," 
 and among those who have proved themselves worthy 
 of this encomium his name mu.st ever be placed. Of 
 simple habits, courteous and dignified in bearing, 
 kind-hearted and benevolent, industrious and earne.st, 
 devoted to family and friends, abreast with the dis- 
 coveries and inventions of the age, and in sympathy 
 with every good work, he enjoys in the community in 
 which he resides the reputation of an honorable and 
 upright man, and of a substantial and worthy citizen. 
 He was married, in 1841, to Miss Elizabeth G. Taft, 
 and has one daughter living. 
 
Il 
 
 III 
 
^J^tTSf^ oS^->^ 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 365 
 
 PETER VAN BENSCHOTEN FOWLER. 
 
 The Fowler family is of English extraction, and 
 has been identified with tlie pioneer history of several 
 portions of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New 
 York. Representatives of the family resided in the 
 neighborhood of Islington, England, at as early a 
 date as the year 1538. Sir Thomas Fowler, knight 
 and baronet, dwelt at Islington in 1630. Philip Fow- 
 ler was admitted a freeman of Massachusetts colony 
 in 1634, and settled at Ipswich. William Fowler 
 emigrated to America in 1637, and located at New 
 Haven, Conn., becoming the first magistrate of that 
 place. He is supposed to have been the ancestor of 
 the Connecticut and New York Fowlers, but what re- 
 lation he was to Philip Fowler is not known. 
 
 The Newburgh branch of the family trace their 
 descent from Joseph Fowler, who is said to have been 
 an early settler near Mespat Kills, L. I., in 16G5, and 
 the son of William, Jr., of New Haven. William, 
 son of Joseph Fowler, had two sons, John and Jere- 
 miah. John was born at Flushing, L. I., in 1686, 
 and his sons were Samuel, Isaac, John, James, and 
 Nehemiah. Samuel and John having purchased a 
 portion of the Harrison Patent, he removed with his 
 family to Newburgh, where he resided until his death 
 in 1768. Jeremiah, his brother, settled at Rye, West- 
 chester Co., and died in 1766. 
 
 Isaac Fowler, son of John, settled on the lands 
 now occupied by Henry D. Fowler and M. W. Du- 
 Bois in the town of Newburgh, his property extend- 
 ing to the Hudson River. He was an industrious and 
 thrifty agriculturist, and the progenitor of the branch 
 of the family to which the subject of this sketch be- 
 longed. His dwelling-house, a portion of which is 
 now embraced in the residence of Henry D. Fowler, 
 was built prior to the Revolutionary war. He mar- 
 ried Margaret Theall, and had one son, who bore his 
 name. Isaac, Jr., was born April 3, 1746, and mar- 
 ried for his first wife, Slartha, daughter of Charles 
 Tooker, of Dans Kammcr Point. She died in March, 
 1771, and was buried with her only child at Marl- 
 borough. In 1773, Isaac Fowler, Jr., married Glori- 
 anna, daughter of Caleb Merritt, of Marlborough, 
 the children being Caleb, born Feb. 8, 1775, died 
 March 8, 1826 ; Martha ; Charles, a physician, who 
 lived and died at Montgomery ; Gilbert, who died in 
 early life ; Nehemiah, who passed his days in Platte- 
 kill, Ulster Co. ; David, who resided in Genesee and 
 Livingston counties ; Francis, also a physician, who 
 died in Ohio ; and Isaac, who was also a practitioner 
 of medicine, and who died in Ohio in early life. The 
 third wife of Isaac Fowler, Jr., was a Mrs. Owen, of 
 whom were born two children. Mr. Fowler died in 
 1823. During the trying scenes of the American 
 Revolution he warmly espoused the cause of the col- 
 onies, and served as an officer in the patriot army. 
 
 Peter V. B. Fowler was born on the family home- 
 stead in Newburgh, on Feb. 20, lS(tO, and was the 
 oldest of the children of Caleb Fowler, and his wife. 
 
 Catharine Sebring, granddaughter of Catharine Se- 
 bring and Isaac Van Benschoten. The other children 
 were Caroline, who married James E. Slater; Dr. 
 Gilbert S., born April 11, 1804, died April 30, 1832 ; 
 Ann Catharine, born 1806, died 1833 ; Amelia, mar- 
 ried Wm. D. Weygant, died Dec. 30, 1834 ; Martha 
 B., who died in infancy ; Margaret, who died young; 
 Matthew V. B. ; Jacob V. B. ; Elizabeth, born 1819, 
 died 1836 ; and Isaac Sebring. 
 
 Peter V. B. Fowler passed his entire life on the 
 home farm with the exception of a few years im- 
 mediately following his marriage in 1826, during 
 which he resided at Shawangunk, Ulster Co. He was 
 a man of plain habits, retiring in disposition, and 
 confined himself closely to his chosen avocation of a 
 farmer. He participated in political matters only so 
 far as it was necessary to secure a successful adminis- 
 tration of public affairs at home, and ever manifested 
 a deep interest in the prosperity of his native town, 
 and in the maintenance of the institutions of his 
 locality. He was an ardent supporter of the temper- 
 ance cause, and contributed liberally to church and 
 kindred institutions. For many years he was con- 
 nected with the First Presbyterian Church of Marl- 
 borough, of which he was a trustee and elder. He 
 subsequently united with the First Presbyterian 
 Church of Newburgh, where he filled the office of 
 elder at the time of his death. In connection with 
 Capt. N. T. Hawkins, he gave the land whereon the 
 Presbyterian church of Middlehope stands, and near 
 it laid out the Highland Cemetery, of which he re- 
 mained president and treasurer until his death. He 
 was the oldest director of the Highland National 
 Bank of Newburgh, at the time of his demise, and 
 appropriate resolutions were passed by that institution 
 at the time, testifying that his " fidelity to the right, 
 purity of character, kindness and generosity of heart, 
 safe counsel and uniform courtesy have won for him 
 during a long and eminently useful life the affection 
 and esteem of all who knew him." He died on April 
 21, 1875. 
 
 Mr. Fowler was married on Oct. 4, 1826, to Eliza, 
 daughter of Garrett DuBois and of his wife, Hannah 
 Cooper, sister of Capt. Elias Cooper, of Sussex Co., 
 N. J. She was born Aug. 21, 1801, and died April 12, 
 1866. The children were Henry D., born July 26, 
 1827 ; Abram D. B., born July 17, 1830, died Oct. 7, 
 1854; Caleb Gilbert, born Oct. 27, 1835, a prominent 
 farmer in Newburgh for many years, died Jan. 29, 
 1879; and Peter D. B., born July 20, 1844, died Feb. 
 17, 1855. The second wife of Peter V. B. Fowler was 
 Anna, widow of Peter H. Fowler, of Montgomery, to 
 whom he was unitfed on June 23, 1868. 
 
 Henry D. Fowler is the only living child of Peter 
 V. B. Fowler. He was born in Shawangunk, but has 
 resided on the old homestead of his ancestors since 
 1833, being the fifth generation of his family on the 
 place. He is one of the leading farmers of his section, 
 a director in the Highland National Bank of New- 
 
366 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 burgli, !ind a man of probity ami moral worth. He 
 was married on Oct. 20, 1853, to Anna, daughter of 
 M. W. DuBois, of Newburgh, and has five children, 
 viz. : Eliza D., Abram D., Wni. Jennings, Charles D., 
 and Weygant D. Fowler. 
 
 DANIEL MBRRITT. 
 
 The ancestor of the Merritt family of Newburgh 
 was George Merritt, who was born in the year 1702, 
 and died Feb. 2, 1750. He is presumed to have been 
 the son of John Merritt, Sr., a native of England, who 
 settled at Rye, Westchester County, as early as 1680, 
 and who was one of its proprietors in 1715. He mar- 
 ried Glorianna Purdy, and removed to Newburgh 
 about the year 1747, in company with the Purdy and 
 Fowler families, with whom he was connected by 
 marriage. His wife died on SeiJt. 13, 1765, aged fifty- 
 one years, five months, and thirteen days. Their chil- 
 dren were George, Samuel, Caleb, Gabriel, David, 
 Josiah, Humphrey, Elizabeth, who married Thomas 
 Merritt; Jane, who married first, Morris Flewwelling, 
 and second, Eluathan Foster ; and Glorianna, who 
 married Joseph Morey. 
 
 Humphrey, born May 17, 1737, purchased in 1758 
 a part of the farm upon which his grandson, the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, resided at Middlehope. His chil- 
 dren were Glorianna, Mary, Underbill, Caleb, Char- 
 lotte, and Moses. Underbill wa.s born Feb. 7, 1769, 
 and was suddenly killed by being run over by his 
 wagon on Nov. 19, 1804. Both he and his father, 
 Humphrey, were successful farmers at Middlehope, 
 tilling the soil upon which Humphrey Merritt settled 
 in 1758. The children of Underbill and Mary Mer- 
 ritt were Martha, born July 8, 1794, married Gilbert 
 Holmes, settled in Newburgh, died Sept. 14, 1848; 
 Josiah, born Aug. 21, 1796; Daniel, born March 10, 
 1799 ; Elizabeth, twin-sister of Daniel, born March 
 12, 1799, married John Goodsell, died Dec. 28, 1824; 
 Charlotte, born Sept. 19, 1801, married Joseph Fur- 
 man, settled in Plattekill, died Aug. 24, 1824; and 
 Maria, born April 21, 1804, who married Robert Phil- 
 lips, of Newburgh. 
 
 Daniel Merritt was born upon the old family home- 
 stead at Middlehope, at the date indicated above, and 
 passed his entire life thereon. He enjoyed the bene- 
 fits of a common-school education only. By the sud- 
 den death of his father the farm of his ancestors was 
 left to his mother, and at an early age its care and 
 management devolved upon Daniel. He subsequently 
 became the owner of the place by purchase from the 
 heirs. Throughout a long life he was one of the rep- 
 resentative farmers of Newburgh, taking an active 
 interest in events transpiring around him, and being 
 closely identified with the progressive and evangelical 
 enterprises of the day. He was formerly an Old-Line 
 Whig, but subsequently an ardent Republican, and 
 was one of the influential politicians of his locality. 
 Although averse to the holding of public oSice, he 
 
 was frequently honored by his fellow-townsmen by 
 election to local ofl5ces of importance. For many years 
 he was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of 
 Middlehope, with which he was officially connected 
 throughout his life, and of which he was one of the 
 pillars. He was an earnest temperance man, and 
 contributed liberally to worthy objects around him. 
 His integrity, personal honor, kindness of heart, gen- 
 erosity and frank nature, and fine social qualities won 
 for him the respect and esteem of his friends and 
 neighbors. He died on May 7, 1867. 
 
 Daniel Merritt was married on Feb. 22, 1826, to 
 Eliza Halt, of Latintown, Ulster County. She was 
 born April 26, 1805. The children were Mary Jane, 
 wife of Daniel T. MacFarlan, of Yonkers, N. Y. ; 
 Hiram, a real estate broker in New York City ; 
 Daniel H. ; and Theodore, a leading druggist of 
 Newburgh. Hiram and Daniel H. Merritt reside on 
 the family homestead with their mother, the place 
 being handsomely fitted up, and being one of the 
 most picturesque and attractive in the town of New- 
 burgh. They are the fourth generation of the family 
 wlio have resided on the farm. 
 
 DR. JOHN L. FOSTER. 
 
 Dr. John L. Foster was born at Stamford, Fairfield 
 Co., Conn., on March 7, 1804. His grandfather, Jesse 
 Foster, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and 
 resided at Danbury, Conn. David Foster, his father, 
 was a cooper by trade, although he passed the greater 
 part of his life as a farmer. He was born at Danbury, 
 Conn. His wife was Sarah Weed. In the spring of 
 1810, David Foster removed with his wife and six chil- 
 dren to the town of Warwick, Orange County, where 
 he lived for eighteen years, engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits. In 1828 he removed to Newburgh and pur- 
 chased the farm where the subject of this sketch re- 
 sides, where he died on Aug. 8, 1854, aged eighty-one 
 years and six days. His wife died in June, 1848, 
 aged about seventy-eight years. David Foster was a 
 quiet, unpretentious man, and a member of the Society 
 of Friends at Canterbury. His children were Wil- 
 liam, Alvah, Henry, John L., George, Mary, James, 
 and Elizabeth. All are dead save our subject. Mary 
 married for her first husband Charles Cox, and for her 
 second Isaac N. Lester. 
 
 Dr. John L. Foster passed the earlier years of his 
 life on the farm in Warwick, and received his educa- 
 tion in the common schools of the town. In 1826-29 
 he taught in one of the district schools of Warwick. 
 He pursued the study of medicine under Dr. James 
 P. Young, of Edenville, N. Y., and attended lectures 
 under the Rutgers Medical Faculty in the city of 
 New York, graduating with the degree of Doctor of 
 Medicine in the spring of 1830. The year following 
 he located in practice at Deckertown, N. J., where 
 he remained until his removal to the town of New- 
 burgh in 1836. Preferring the life of a farmer to that 
 
c:^..^..^ /^t^v^^^^ 
 
• "I 
 
 \\ 
 
/jm<^,j£, ^:^P^;^ 
 
NEWBURGH. 
 
 367 
 
 of a physician, he purchased the Washington Wood 
 farm at West Coldenham, and engaged in tilling the 
 soil for fourteen years. After the death of his father 
 he purchased the family homestead near the city of 
 Newburgh, whereon he has continued to reside since 
 1865. Dr. Foster has led a quiet and uneventful life, 
 and confined himself closely to his chosen avocation 
 of a farmer. Naturally of a retiring and modest tem- 
 perament, he has avoided public life, and sought his 
 highest enjoyment in the performance of home duties 
 and in the bosom of his family. He takes an active 
 interest in the benevolent and evangelical movements 
 of the day, and is a member of Trinity Methodist 
 Epi.scopal Church of Newburgh. He enjoys the re- 
 spect of a large circle of friends and acquaintances. 
 
 Dr. Foster was married on Dec. 17, 1834, to Har- 
 riet, daugliter of the late John .Scott and Abigail 
 (Chichester) Scott, of Coldenham. The Scott family 
 was originally from Long Island, but settled at the 
 close of the Revolutionary war in Orange County. 
 John Scott gave the land for the Reformed Pres- 
 byterian Church at Coldenham, and for the cemetery 
 and school-house, and led an active, earnest Christian 
 life, filling numerous positions of influence and prom- 
 inence. He died July 21, 1840, and his wife on Feb. 
 14, 1826. Mrs. John L. Foster is the last survivor of 
 a family of ten children. 
 
 To Dr. and Mrs. Foster have been born a family 
 of seven children, six sons and a daughter, namely, 
 Scott, John Gray, David N., William Wisner, Fanny 
 S., Albert Zabriskie, and Samuel Monell. Fanny S. 
 died Jan. 8, 1868, and John G. on Jan. 22, 1878. 
 The remaining sons are nicely settled in life, and 
 under the firm-name of Foster Brothers, Scott, David 
 N., Albert Z., and Samuel M. are carrying on a suc- 
 cessful mercantile business at difterent points in the 
 West. Scott resides in New York, and does the pur- 
 chasing for the business; David N. resides at Fort 
 Wayne, Ind. ; Albert Z. at Terre Haute, Ind. ; and 
 Samuel M. at Danville, 111. William W. Foster is a 
 commission agent in New York City. 
 
 David N. Foster, the third son of Dr. John L. and 
 Harriet S. Foster, enjoys the honorable distinction 
 of being the first person from Grange County to enter 
 the Union army at the breaking out of the war of 
 the rebellion. At the time he was attending school 
 at the Montgomery Academy. The morning after the 
 firing upon Fort Sumter the students of the academy 
 made arrangements to raise a flag over the school- 
 building, and young Foster was selected as speaker 
 for the occasion. The burden of his speech was the 
 duty of every loyal citizen to spring to the defense of 
 his country. Not caring to hold the position of preach- 
 ing what he did not practice, he closed his address 
 by bidding his schoolmates good-by, and immediately 
 started for home, and the next morning took the boat 
 to New York, and was the same day enlisted as a 
 private in the Ninth New York Militia, which re- 
 mained in the service for the full term of three years. 
 
 He was engaged in most of the battles fought by 
 the Army of the Potomac, and at the first battle of 
 Fredericksburg was severely wounded in the assault 
 made by Franklin on the enemy's right. While 
 lying in the field-hospital he was commissioned lieu- 
 tenant and appointed an aide to Gen. Robinson, after- 
 wards to a position on the staft' of Gen. Reynolds, 
 killed at Gettysburg, and eventually came home cap- 
 tain of the company in which he entered the service as 
 a private. He is at present a resident of Fort Wayne, 
 Ind., a member of the firm of Foster Brothers. 
 
 BEVERLY K. JOHNSTON. 
 Beverly K. Johnston was born in Shawangunk, 
 Ulster County, on June 21, 1818. The family was 
 identified with the early settlement and pioneer life 
 of that section of country, both his grandfather and 
 father being residents of the locality. The latter, 
 John Johnston, was a blacksmith by occupation, and' 
 died about the year 1822, in his sixtieth year. 
 
 ^ -^ '^^^h:iL^<i,ZI2i 
 
 The early life of Beverly K. .Tohnston was passed 
 in his native town, and his educational advantages 
 were such only as the common schools of his day 
 afibrded. He engaged in various kinds of business 
 during his minority, but on March 15, 1840, he 
 came to the town of Newburgh and entered the em- 
 ploy of John E. Goetchius, in the hotel business at 
 East Coldenham. He remained there four years, 
 then accompanied Mr. Goetchius to Montgomery for 
 one year ; but, returning, leased the property at East 
 
368 
 
 HISTOllY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Coldenham and commenced keeping hotel on his own 
 account. In 1847 he became the owner of the place, 
 and has since that time remained at the head of the 
 establishment. 
 
 Mr. Johnston has applied himself to the profession 
 of a hotel-keeper through a long series of years, and 
 has done more to elevate the business than any man 
 in Orange County. Actuated by an earnest desire 
 to excel in anything which he undertook, he has 
 placed himself at the head of his class, and his liouse 
 is known for miles around as a well-aj^poiuted, well- 
 regulated, and well-kept hostelry. While not atem- 
 perance house, it is run on temperate principles, and 
 is free from the usual objections attaching to a rural 
 hotel. It is patronized by leading men throughout 
 the county, and is a popular place of resort in both 
 the summer and winter season. 
 
 While Mr. Johnston has confined himself closely 
 to his business, his affable manners, strict integrity, 
 and generous hospitality have made him one of the 
 most popular men of his section, and recommended 
 him for appointment to several positions of responsi- 
 bility and trust. He was formerly an Old-Line Whig, 
 but now a stanch supporter of Democratic principles, 
 and has been postmaster at East Coldenham, under 
 all administrations and with brief exceptions, since 
 1845. He was one of the commissioners for apprais- 
 ing the damages caused by the putting through of the 
 Short-Cut Railroad to New York, and for laying out 
 the boulevard in the town of Cornwall. He was the 
 candidate of the Democratic party for sheriff in 1870, 
 but was defeated by a small majority. For the past 
 twenty years he has been one of the directors of the 
 Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike Company. He 
 is a member of Hudson River Lodge, No. 109, F. & 
 A. M., of Newburgh. 
 
 Mr. Johnston was married in 1846 to Elvira S., 
 daughter of Alexander W. and Elizabeth (Moore) 
 Beatty, of New Windsor, and a representative of an 
 old family of Orange County. William J., Anna F., 
 John A., and Adaline L. Johnston, the children, are 
 all living at home. 
 
 WILLIAM I. UXDERHILL. 
 
 William I. Underbill was a lineal descendant of 
 Capt. John Underbill, who emigrated to New Eng- 
 land from England and became notorious for his skill, 
 daring, and heroic bravery in the Indian wars there 
 about 1640, and in 1643 was employed by the Dutch 
 of New Netherlands to fight the Indians, and com- 
 manded several expeditions against them on Long 
 Island, Westchester County, and other points. His 
 father, Samuel Underbill, was a well-to-do farmer in 
 the town of Newburgh, owned real estate in Sullivan 
 and Ulster counties besides, and by his wife, Alche, 
 had twelve children, of whom the subject of this 
 sketch was youngest. 
 
 William I. Underbill was born in the town of New- 
 
 burgh in March, 1817. In early life he took an active 
 interest in local matters, and soon after reaching his 
 majority was elected collector of his native town. 
 Prior to 1840 he took up his residence in Newburgh, 
 j where he was engaged in the grocery business until 
 I January, 1847, when he accepted the office of deputy 
 sheriff under Sheriflf Welling, who was then entering 
 upon his second term of service. In the fall of 1849, 
 Mr. Underbill was the Whig candidate for sheriff, but 
 was defeated by John Van Etten, Jr., who represented 
 ^ the political party then in the majority. For six 
 j years follovving he was engaged in brick making in 
 New Windsor, then sold out his business, and for a 
 I brief time afterwards was engaged in the hat business. 
 In 1867, Mr. Underbill again accepted the nomina- 
 tion for sheriff, and was again defeated by Daniel 
 Van Sickle, the majority candidate. In 1873, James 
 W. Hoyt was elected sheriff of Orange County, and 
 made Mr. Underbill his principal deputy, giving him 
 in charge the eastern half of the county, which posi- 
 tion he filled for the full term of three 3'ears, dis- 
 charging tbe duties incumbent ujion him with in- 
 tegrity and ability. Mr. Underbill was the Republican 
 candidate for alderman of the Third Ward of the city 
 in the spring election of 1878, was elected over Stephen 
 King, and was filling this position at the time of his 
 decease, Jan. 1, 1880. 
 
 Mr. Underbill was known as a man of strength of 
 character in all tbe relations of life. He possessed a 
 warm heart and generous impulses, decided convic- 
 tions of duty, responsibility and justice in all the acts 
 of his life, and met with a determined opposition any 
 aggression or diversion of what he conceived honor- 
 able, frank, and manly. Naturally fearless and frank, 
 it was always known where he could be found ; ever 
 ready to serve a friend, he was equally open and above 
 board in his oppositiim to any one, and when once he 
 had determined upon a course he did not hesitate or 
 falter because of obstacles. Being free from any taint 
 of hypocrisy he made strong friends, who only knew 
 him to admire him for his sterling integrity and un- 
 sullied character. Altbough not a member of any 
 church, he was ever sensible of duty and always ready 
 to relieve, commensurate with bis means, the needy 
 and distressed. 
 
 Upon the occasion of his death the flags at the dif- 
 ferent engine-houses of the city were hung at half- 
 mast, and Mayor Weygant called a special meeting of 
 the Common Council to take appropriate action in 
 honor and memory of one whose counsel was ever 
 judicious, safe, and just. 
 
 Mr. Underbill was first united in marriage to Ann 
 Eliza, daughter of Isaac Lockwo<jd, of Gardnertown, 
 who died leaving two sons, one of whom, William, 
 survives. For his second wife he married, Jan. 4. 
 1871, Miss Selina Montrose, eldest daughter of Dr. 
 James D. Johnston, a gentleman of English birth 
 who settled in Middletown a.s a practicing physician 
 in 1842. 
 
/// /A J. ^^Clt-*^^^^,<^^lc'<^ 
 
^-t^^^^^^^^i^ ^. 
 
 ^Jityf^-hth 
 
 Among the old citizens of the town uf Newburgh who fur 
 many years occupied a prominent place in its social life, and 
 who did much by his industry and modest eiforts to advance 
 the interests of the township, was the subject of this sketch. 
 He was born in Litchfield, Conn., on Sept. 2;i, 17S2. Shortly 
 after that event his father, Ipaac Barns, hod the misfortune 
 to lose all of his property through a defective title to real 
 estate which he had purchased in Litchfield, nnd he moved to 
 Cobbleskill, Schoharie Co. After ten years' residence nt that 
 place the family removed to the wilds of Otsego County, and 
 endured the hardships of pioneer life. Here, without oppor- 
 tunity for olttaining even Ihe rudiments of an education, Na- 
 thaniel Barns grew to manhood. Shortly before he attained his 
 majority one of his sisters, who had been educated by a rela- 
 tive living on Long Island, visited her father's family in Otsego. 
 The contrast between her and the rest of her brothers and sis- 
 ters determined Nathaniel to endeavor to better his condition 
 by coming more in contact with the world. When twenty-one 
 years of age he left home and commenced life for himself. 
 Hiring out to work for ten dollars a month, and being obliged 
 t<) i)ay fifty cents a j'ard for narrow unbleached muslin, gave 
 him small opportunity to save money. Yet at this time he at- 
 tended school long enough to acquire the rudiments of an edu- 
 cation. Building turnpike roads was then in fashion. Before 
 reaching his thirtieth year he had found his way to Ulster 
 County, and was taking contracts to build parts of turnpike 
 roads. Portions of the Farmers', the Huckleberry, the Snake 
 Hill, and the Newburgh and PlattekiU turnpikes were built by 
 him. 
 
 The tirst real estate Nathaniel Barns ever owned was pur- 
 chased in the year 1822, and is now part of the property owned 
 by the Cedar Hill Cemetery Association, Careful and extensive 
 observations had satisfied him that the town of Newburgh was 
 a desirable place to establish a family-seat, and he shortly after 
 married and settled where he subsequently resided at Middle- 
 hope, Hero ho passed his days engaged in farming pursuits, 
 and through industry, economy, and the e.xercise of good judg- 
 ment in business matters he accumulated a large estate, and 
 took rank among the most successful and enterprising farmers 
 of Orange County. When a little over seventy years of age he 
 was deprived by an accident of his eyesight, and for the re- 
 
 maiuiler (tf his life ho was totally blind. Although feeling 
 keenly the deprivation, no murmur ever escaped his lips, but 
 he bowed in humble submission to this trying visitation of 
 Providence. His life was characterized by strict integrity, a 
 conscientious regard for the rights nnd privileges of others, and 
 by a faithful discharge of the duties devolving upon him as a 
 citizen, a husband, and a father. After a long life of usefulness 
 ho passed away on Sept. 17, 1879, in his ninety-seventh year. 
 
 Mr. Barns was married on Jan. 3, 1828. to Effie. daughter 
 of Dr. Wm. Dusinberre. of the town of Plaltekill, Ulster Co. 
 She was born April 3, ITUn. She proved a faithful helpmeet, a 
 loving wife and mother, nnd through a long life performed her 
 varied duties in a commendable manner. Her memory of dates, 
 names, and events was remarkable, making her a sort of ency- 
 clopajdia of such facts, and the faculty remained unimpaired 
 until she was over eighty years of age. She was possessed of a 
 kind heart, of quick perception, seeing by intuition what others 
 must needs reason out, and, together with her husband, was 
 in active sympathy with the temperance cause, and was one of 
 its pioneers in her locality. She died Aug. 5, 1880. The chil- 
 dren were William D., Nathaniel, Jr., Daniel D., and Mary E., 
 residing in the city of Newburgh. The three sons were all 
 settled by Mr. Barns on farms adjoining his own, and are still 
 among the first farmers of the town, in sympathy with every 
 good work, contributing as they can to the ]»rosperity and de- 
 velopment of their section of the county, and tilling with suc- 
 cess the various positions of trust and responsibility that have 
 been conferred upon them. 
 
 The following testimonial referring to Nathaniel Barns was 
 written to Mrs. Barns by an intimate acquaintance imme- 
 diately after hearing of his death : 
 
 "None of those whom I have delighted to claim as relative 
 and friend have ever reached the advanced age allotted to him. 
 
 ** Venerable with years, respected by all, the counselor and 
 guide of three generations, tired of life, he has stopped on his 
 journey to rest, forever. 
 
 '* Thus earth loses and heaven gains one more attraction. 
 
 " The life ended was one ornate with goodness, gentleness, 
 patience, and parental love; and the memory of such a life 
 must ever be a conscious and constant culture to those he has 
 left behind him." 
 
^/)'r^i^ 
 
 Gilbert Williams was born iii Westchester 
 County, N. Y., on March 5, 1796. His parents were 
 Benjamin and Sarah (Lewis) Williams, and the fam- 
 ily were early located in Westchester County, being 
 quite numerous at the breaking out of the Revolu- 
 tionary war. The father of Benjamin Williams was 
 Frederick, aud his grandfather Stephen Williams, 
 both of whom resided in Westchester County. 
 
 The early life of Gilbert Williams, until the age of 
 twelve years, was passed upon the paternal farm in 
 his native county. In 1808 his father removed to 
 the town of Newburgh, Orange Co., where he engaged 
 in farming. Gilbert Williams during his boyhood 
 served an apprenticeship as a blacksmith with Samuel 
 Corwin. His schooling advantages were meagre. 
 Frederick Williams, his grandfather, had removed to 
 Nova Scotia, wliere he owned a large landed estate. 
 Here young Gilbert repaired, by invitation, when 
 about sixteen years of age, taking charge of his grand- 
 father's affairs, and inheriting at his death consider- 
 able property. With a portion of this he returned 
 to Newburgh and purchased his father's farm, wliere 
 he resided for twenty-one years. At the expiration 
 of that time he bought his present farm, whereon he 
 has since continued to reside. 
 
 Mr. Williams has led an active and industrious life, 
 and confined himself strictly to the legitimate pur- 
 suits of husbandry. He has accumulated a good 
 estate, is a man of good judgment, careful and cir- 
 cumspect in all of his affairs, a great talker, and 
 devoted to family and friends. He has taken no in- 
 terest in political affairs, and has voted only half a 
 dozen times during his long residence in the town of 
 Newburgh. He was formerly an officer in Capt. 
 Daniel Tooker's company of militia, and delights in 
 recalling the martial trainings and experiences of that 
 body. Since 1832 he has been a member of the 
 Methodist Church at Middlehope, and has filled most 
 of the offices of the church and society with general 
 acceptance. He has always been a stanch supporter 
 of the temperance cause. He is now in his eighty- 
 sixth year, mentally sound, possessed of considerable 
 activity and ambition, and is one of the last living 
 representatives of an old and fast-vanishing race of 
 men to whose industry, toil, and self-denial so much 
 of our present prosperity is due. 
 
 Gilbert Williams was married on April 11, 1832, 
 to Jemima, daughter of Samuel Corwin, of the 
 town of Newburgh. No children were born of 
 the union. 
 
His fatlier, Jacob Gillies, w]io was an early 
 farmer of tiie town of Newburgh, was born 
 on April 20, 1790. His mother, Martha, 
 daughter of James Waring, of Newburgh, was 
 born on Dec. 30, 1796. The children were 
 Jolin W., born June 13, 1816, lives in Haver- 
 straw ; Jacob, the subject of this memoir; 
 Wright, born Dec. 10, 1820, head of the spice 
 firm of Wright Gillies & Brothers, New York; 
 Sarah W., born Feb. 2, 1824, married Clark- 
 son Gerow, of Plattekill, Ulster Co. ; Martha, 
 born June 16, 1826, married David Marston ; 
 James, born April 7, 1829, in the spice l)usi- 
 ness in New York ; and Charles Wesley, born 
 May 30, 1834, died in infancy. 
 
 Jacob Gillies was born ou his father's farm, 
 in the town of Newburgh, on June 1, 1818. 
 His early education was obtained at the com- 
 mon schools of the neighborhood. Plis father 
 died when he was fifteen years of age, and for 
 a number of years thereafter he remained on 
 the family farm with his mother. 
 
 On May 22, 1844, he married Phebe, daugh- 
 ter of Isaac and Sabina Griggs, of Newburgh, 
 and a few years later he began the manufacture 
 of brick, on the old Smith property, at Balm- 
 ville. He subsequently purchased the (iardner 
 l)rick-yard near by, where he also followed 
 brickmaking. Still later he purclia.sed the in- 
 
 terest of his brothers and sisters in the home- 
 stead farm, where he passed the remainder of 
 his life engaged in tilling the soil. He died 
 Feb. 12,1881. 
 
 Mr. Gillies belonged to that class of men 
 who confine their lives to the inner circles of 
 society, attending strictly to his legitimate pri- 
 vate affairs, and avoiding publicity of every 
 k-ind. His private life was free from reproach, 
 and to the support and encouragement of church 
 and kindred institutions he lent liberal assist- 
 ance, often in excess of his means. He was a 
 zealous member of the Fostertown Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, and held at different times 
 the offices of class-leader, steward, and trustee 
 in that body. He was an earnest terajierance 
 man, a member of tlie Newburgh Bible Society, 
 and one of those modest, substantial citizens 
 upon whose industry, integrity, and personal 
 worth the foundations of society rest. He bore 
 in the community in which he dwelt the reputa- 
 tion of an upright and honorable man, and left 
 behind him at his death recollections of a well- 
 spent life. 
 
 Of a family of fourteen children, ten sur- 
 vive, namely, — James, Jacob, Milton, John, 
 Wright, Homer, Anna, Frank, Frederick-, and 
 Martha. James and Homer are engaged in the 
 mercantile business in Newburgh. 
 
iNEWBURGH. 
 
 369 
 
 ROBERT WHITEHILL. 
 Robert Whitehill was born at Glasgow, Scotland, 
 on June 1, 1845. His parents, Hugh and Jeannette 
 (Murray) Whitehill, were also natives of Scotland, 
 the former being born at Glasgow, and the latter at 
 Ayrshire. 
 
 When Mr. Whitehill was two years of age he was 
 brought to this country by his father, who emigrated 
 in that year, settling first at Wappinger's Falls, 
 Duchess Co.. where he worked in a cotton-mill, and 
 subsequently at Newburgh. The early life of Robert 
 Whiteliill was passed until the age of ten years at 
 Wappinger's Falls, where he attended the common 
 schools of the neighborhood. Upon the removal of 
 his father to Newburgh he enjoyed the benefits of 
 academic instruction at the Newburgh Academy until 
 he attained the age of thirteen. At that period of 
 life he left school and went to New York City, where 
 he filled the position of book-keeper and cashier in a 
 millinery and fancy-goods store on Canal Street for 
 three years. At the expiration of that time he re- 
 turned to Newburgh and entered the foundry of Stan- 
 ton, Mallory & Co., for the purpose of h\irning the 
 trade of a machinist. He remained there until the 
 suspension of business by the firm, and during that 
 period, with his father's assistance, invented an im- 
 proved machine for sizing and dressing cotton-yam, 
 and had put it in operation at the Newburgh Steam- 
 Mills, then run by (Jarner & Co., at whicli place his 
 fatlier was employed. 
 
 After leaving the foundry of Stanton, Mallory & 
 Co., Mr. Wliitehill engaged as a journeyman in the 
 employ of the Novelty Iron-Works, of New York, 
 where he labored most of the time on ships. He re- 
 mained in that position for one year, and then, being 
 seized with a desire for a sea-faring life, he entered 
 the United States navy as third assistant engineer on 
 board the transport vessel " Kensington." He was soon 
 after detailed and ordered to join the Gulf Squadron, 
 where he filled the same place on the gunboat "New 
 London" for six weeks, when she was ordered Nortli. 
 Upon arriving at Boston again Mr. Wliitehill was 
 ordered to report on board of the "Ticonderoga" for a 
 foreign cruise. At this point he came to the conclu- 
 sion that he must either decide to pass his life on the 
 sea, a thing which he was little inclined to do, or to 
 adopt another calling in life at once. He accordingly 
 resigned liis position in the navy in 18G5, and return- 
 ing to Newburgh, rented a room in the steam-engine 
 works of Corwin, Stanton & Co., on Western Avenue, 
 and engaged in tlie manufacture of his machinery for 
 sizing and dressing cotton-yarn, his father being also 
 interested in the enterprise. In 1870, in connection 
 with his father, Mr. Wliitehill purchased the steam- 
 engine works of Wood, Frisl)ie & Co., retaining Amos 
 R. Wood as a partner. The firm was known as White- 
 hill, Wood & Co., he himself holding a one-half in- 
 terest in the business. Mr. Wood died a short time 
 afterwards, and Mr. Whitehill took in as a partner 
 
 Lewis M. Smith, the firm continuing as Whitehill, 
 Smith & Co. until 1873, in which year Mr. Hugh 
 Whitehill disposed of his interest to Whitehill & 
 Smith, and a firm was organized as Whitehill, Smith 
 & Hampson, in Newburgh, and Hampson, Whitehill 
 & Co., in New York, for the purpose of manufacturing 
 general machinery. In the winter of 187(5-77, Mr. 
 Hampson withdrew from the business, and Mr. White- 
 hill has since carried it on in the interestof Mr. Smith 
 and himself The enterprise is now a prosperous 
 and successful one, and a large amount of work is 
 turned out each year. Among other branches of ma- 
 chinery manufactured in the shop is the cotton-yarn 
 dresser invented by Mr. Whitehill. A specialty is 
 made at the present time of the manufacture of ma- 
 chinery for making artificial ice, and for cooling pork- 
 packing establishments and breweries. Both Mr. 
 Whitehill and Mr. Smith are also interested in the 
 Chadborn & Coldwell manufactory of lawn-mowers 
 on Western Avenue. 
 
 While Mr. Whitehill is young in years, he is en- 
 titled to a place among the successful and growing 
 manufacturers of Newburgh, whose industry and in- 
 ventive talent, intelligently directed, contributes 
 much to the development and prosperity of the city. 
 He takes an active interest in local affairs, and, as the 
 candidate of the Republican party, represented the 
 Second Ward in the board of aldermen in 1871 and 
 1872, being the president of the board in the latter 
 year. 
 
 . JAMES McCORD. 
 
 James McCord was born in the city of Philadelphia 
 on July 1, 1S2G, and was the second of the five chil- 
 dren of John and Rosella (Cargin) McCord. His 
 parents emigrated to this country from the north of 
 Ireland, being of hardy, Scotch-Irish descent. John 
 McCord located in Newburgh about the year 1827, 
 where he engaged in shoemaking. He died about 1845, 
 in his forty-fourth year, and his wife, Rosella, on March 
 4, 1869, in her sixty-ninth year. Their daughter Jane 
 was born in Ireland, and was brought to this country 
 by her parents, becoming the wife of William Haxby, 
 of Newburgh. James, William, Eliza (who married 
 Stephen Vandewater), and Charles were born, in this 
 country. 
 
 The educational advantages of James McCord were 
 .such only as the common schools of his day afforded. 
 He was early inured to a life of toil, and at eleven 
 years of age worked in a tobacco-stripping factory for 
 two years. He subsequently clerked for five years in 
 the clothing store of William Sterling & Sons, of 
 Newl)urgh, and with Moss Brothers, and Joseph Slee, 
 for four years more, in the same business, in Pough- 
 keepsie. During all of this time, although Mr. Mc- 
 Cord had been in the receipt of modest wages, he 
 managed through industry and economy to lay aside 
 something for the future. About 1852 he entered the 
 employ of the firm of S. H. Tift & Co., of Newburgh 
 
370 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 (consisting of S. H. Tift and his brother, Win. Mc- 
 Cord), who were engaged in the manufacture of 
 bruslies by hand in an upper story of the Oakley 
 Building, corner of Fourth and Water Streets, and he 
 also loaned money to the enterprise. In 1854 Mr. 
 Tift withdrew from the concern, and the firm of J. & 
 W. McCord was formed and still continues in the 
 same business. 
 
 The enterprise at first was a small one. The work 
 was all performed by hand, and the annual product 
 of the factory aggregated about $6500. Through good 
 management and close application to business the 
 firm increased its trade, adding to the facilities for 
 manufacture and improving upon the quality of the 
 work produced ; and in the winter and spring of 1879 
 and 1880, James McCord erected the present factory 
 ujjon Broadway, which he owns individually, and 
 where they removed from their factory in Lander 
 Street. The building is one hundred and eighty feet 
 long, with an average width of thirty-five feet, and is 
 five stories high. The firm now employs about one 
 hundred and fifty hands, and the annual jiroduction 
 
 in brushes is about $fiO,000. The enterprise is next 
 to the largest in the country of its kind, and occupies 
 the largest brush factory in the United States. The 
 firm manufacture all varieties of brushes, which are 
 sold principally in the large cities. 
 
 Mr. James McCord is the head of the concern, and 
 to his enterprise, business tact, and administrative 
 ability much of its present prosperity is due. He con- 
 fines himself closely to his business, leaving all out- 
 side enterprises alone, and avoids politics and public 
 life. He is looked upon as one of the successful, self- 
 
 ! made manufacturers of Newburgh, who has achieved 
 success through the only sure road to attain it — by 
 perseverance, honest toil, temperate and economical 
 habits, and an intelligent attention to business matters. 
 Mr. McCord was married in July, 1848, to Hester 
 M., daughter of Felix Shurter, of Duchess County. 
 She died on Nov. 8, 187.3, leaving five children, viz., 
 
 j Alexander, James Luther, Mary Rosella, Hester Jane, 
 and Nellie. In June, 1874, Mr. McCord married for 
 
 [ a second wife, Sarah A. Shurter, a sister of his first 
 
 I wife, who died without issue .Tan. 15, 1880. 
 
 MONTGOMERY. 
 
 I.— SITUATION, BOUNDARIES, AREA, TITLE. 
 
 This is the central town of the three which border 
 upon Ulster County. It is bounded north by that 
 county, east by Newburgh and New Windsor, south 
 by New Windsor, Hamptonburgh, and Wallkill, and 
 west by Crawford. 
 
 The area of Montgomery is 30,821 J acres. The 
 total assessed valuation of the town (1879-80) was 
 $2,017,710, and the total amount of taxes levied on 
 that sum was $26,003.47. 
 
 This town is a part of the original John Evans 
 Patent, which was set aside for indefiniteness and for 
 other reasons. 
 
 The territory embraced in the present town was 
 originally (1714) covered by the precinct of Shawan- 
 gunk, in which relation it remained until 1743, when 
 it was constituted a jiart of the precinct of Wallkill, 
 at which time it embraced the following patents: 
 
 CadwaUaaer Coldnn, April 9, 1719, 2000 acres. 
 John JohnBou, Jr., Feb. 3, 1720, lUOO acres. 
 Thomaa Brazier, Marcl] 17, 1720, 2000 acres. 
 Henry Wileman, June SO, 1712, 3000 acres. 
 David Gallatian, June 4, 1719, 1000 acres. 
 Edward Gateliouse, Jan. 22, 1719, 1000 acres. 
 James Alexander, Apiil 9, 1719, 2000 acres. 
 Archibald Kennedy, April 9, 1719, 2000 acres. 
 James Smith, Dec. 15, 1722, 2000 acres. 
 Patrick McKnight, April 9, 1719, 2000 acres. 
 Thomas Noxon, May 28, 1720, 2000 acres. 
 
 Francis Harrison & Co., July 7, 1720, 5000 acres. 
 
 Jeremiah Schuyler & Co., Jan. 22, 1719, 10,000 acres. 
 
 Philip Schuyler and othere, July 20, 1720, 8000 acres. 
 
 Jacobus Bruyn and Henry Wilenuin, April 25, 1722, 2500 acres. 
 
 Frederick Morris and Samuel Heath, Jan. 24, 1736.. 
 
 Thomas Ellison and Lawrence Roome, Nov. 12, 1750. 
 
 Cadwallader Coldeu, Jr., and David Colden, June 2U, 1761, 720 acres. 
 
 Upon a part of these patents Rev. Mr. Dickson, in 
 his recent work on the Goodwill Church, makes the 
 following remarks with reference to their location and 
 settlement : 
 
 "Taking our stand at the point where the Goodwill church was after- 
 wards built, we are within the limits of the patent to James Smith, Sec- 
 retary of the province of New Jersey, dated Dec. 15, 1722. This tract 
 was a somewhat irregular strip, extending from a point aliout half a mile 
 east of the village of Montgomery to the Colden property (afterwards 
 Coldenham). 
 
 " The northern boundary of our parsonage farm is on a line with the 
 northern limit of Smith's Patent. To the south of this, extending 
 through what is now termed Neelytown, Thomas Noxon owned, by 
 letters patent dated May 28, 1720, 2fKX) acres. Immediately east of this, 
 extending from the Smith tract in a southerly direction, was Patrick 
 McK night's 2000 acres, patent dated April 9, 1719. North of James 
 Smith's Patent was that of Archibald Kennedy, dated April 9,1719; and 
 north of that again the patent of James Alexander, dated April 9, 1719; 
 while to the west of Noxon's Patent was a 5000-acre tract, extending 
 beyond the Wallkill, granted by letters patent dated July 17, 1720, to 
 Francis Harrison, Oliver Schuyler, and Allan Jarrat." 
 
 II.-NATURAL FEATURES. 
 The distinguishing characteristic of this town is the 
 valley of the Wallkill, which extends from the south- 
 
^^^^^-^^z^^^ 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 371 
 
 west to the northeast, and for a part of the way in 
 nearly a straight course. The Tinn Brock, with its 
 long, sinuous course, is the most important tributary. 
 This rises south of Coldenham, in New Windsor, flows 
 in its general course north and then west, and enters 
 the Wallkill below Walden. In the southeast are the 
 head-waters of the Beaver Dam, a stream which flows 
 south into the town of Hamptonburgh. Its source is 
 a spring of several yards in diameter, and of unknown 
 <lepth. 
 
 The Muddy Kill is a small sluggish stream, which 
 has its rise in the eastern slope of the Comfort Hills, 
 north of the turnpike, runs south, draining the 
 meadows, and enters the Wallkill. 
 
 The surface of the country may be described as a 
 hilly upland. The Comfort Hills, on the west border, 
 rise to 600 or 800 feet above tide- water. The town, 
 with its fertile alluvial flats and its valuable high- 
 lands, constitutes an agricultural section of great pro- 
 ductiveness. 
 
 III.-EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 This can be introduced in no way more clearly and 
 more satisfactorily to the people of Montgomery than 
 in the following paragraphs from Kev. Mr. Dickson's 
 *' History of the Goodwill Church :" 
 
 "The settlement by Heurj- Wilenmn north of the village of Waldeu 
 Wiia of very early date. It was made ou his patent of 300n acres soon 
 after its purclitise, (.Ve Puteiits^ and aho lulditiomil arcoKut below.) 
 
 "With reference to the Harrison Patent we may state tlie following 
 facts. The year after this patent was granted; or May 25, 17:^1, the name 
 of Oliver Schuyler was dropped from the number of tlie patentees, and 
 with Fiancis Harrison and Allan Jarrat were associated six others, — 
 Adolphus Phillips, George Clark, Johannes Lansing, Heniy Wileman, 
 Jacobus Brnyn, and William Sharpas. The whole tract was surveyed, 
 an extensive village was laid out, and ari'aiigements were made to give 
 deeds to several wlio were actual settlers on the land. The date of the 
 indenture that recites this is Dec. 22, 1722. The parties named therein 
 as actual settlers were Hans Newkirk, Hendrick Newkitk, Matthias Slim- 
 mer, Peter Kysler, Kraus, Brandos. These were Palatines, 
 
 and as their community increased they erected a log church within the 
 limits of their village, though neither the village nor the chnrcli attained 
 to any size. The site of the church is indicated by the remains of the 
 graveyard attacheii thereto on the east side of the Goshen roatl leading 
 from Montgomery village, opposite the I'oad which runs towai'ds the 
 Wallkill, between the lands of Hashrouck Decker and Peter Bliller. It 
 is marked on the old maps as the * Harrison Meeting.' 
 
 "But leaving Wilemantown and the Palatine settlement iGermantown, 
 as then the village was called), we return to the 'people of Wallkill.' Their 
 incoming we may date from about 1724-26, but as we attempt to trace it 
 we are met with the difficulty that the early <leeds of their lands were 
 not recorded at the time they were executed, and but few of them were 
 recorded afterwards. These few, however, are invaluable as guides. 
 From them we learn that on the 4th of May, 1721, Thomas Neely, of 
 Westchester County, purchased from Patrick McKnight 2U0 acres of land, 
 and about the same time, or a little later, the exact date not ascertained, 
 Samuel Neely purchased from Thomas N'oxon 40" acres. Among the 
 witnesses whose names appear on McKnight's deeil to Thomas Neely we 
 find that of John McNeal. 
 
 " The Neelys were still in Westchester County. When they came here 
 we cannot definitely ascertain, but from the above, in connection with 
 what follows, we can hardly fail to recognize in them and John McNeal, 
 with the patentees, the men who were specially active in bringing in the 
 colony. 
 
 " In 1727, according to family tradition, Archibald, James, and Robert 
 Hunter came to the precinct. The former purchased 200 acms of land 
 from James Alexander, including the farai now occupied by Henry Suy- 
 dam. In 1728, Cadwallader Golden occupied land in the region still 
 known as Coldenham. 
 
 " A manifestly defective list of the freeholders in the precincts of High- 
 lands and Shawangunk, made in 1728, contains the names of Alexander 
 Neely and John McKneal (McNeal, Jr.), with others not mentioned above, 
 who no doubt belonged to tlie 'people of Wallkill.' 
 
 "These are but hints at the incoming population. In the years imme- 
 diately foUowingother names appear. In 1731, James Munell purchased 
 land from Thomas Noxon in the neighborhood of wliere Charles Miller, 
 the senior elder of Goodwill Church, resides ; and as witnesses to the deed 
 we find the names of William and Robert Neely. . . ." 
 
 The above observations are based upon early docu- 
 ments, as there is no other source from which reliable 
 information can be obtained with reference to the 
 remote period under discussion. 
 
 The first settlement upon the patent of 5000 acres 
 to Schuyler & Co. was by Jeronomous Weller & Co. 
 in 1721, and ou tlie patent of 10,000 acres by a com- 
 pany of whom Johannes Mingus and his son Jerono- 
 mous and Mattias Miltzbagh were a part ; the agree- 
 ment being, in the case of each patent, that any 
 number of families, from ten to fifteen, might be 
 located, to each of whom a tract of 100 acres should 
 be given. Johannes Mingus built the mill, which 
 was the nucleus of the old village of Ward's Bridge. 
 The following original paper, furnished by Mr. Rut- 
 tenber, refers to this settlement : 
 
 " Nf.w York, May 25th, 1721. 
 
 "Gentlemen, — We hereby Desire, Authorize and Impower you or 
 either of you to Contract and Agree with any Number of Persons and 
 Families to settle upon and Improve part of a certain tract of Ten Thou- 
 sand acres of Land lying in Ulster County upon the Paltz Creek (which 
 was granted unto Jeremiah Schuyler and (Company under the great seal 
 of this Province the twenty-second day of January, 1719), upon such 
 Terms and Conditions and under such acknowledgments, rents, cove- 
 nants and restrictions as you or either of you shall think most for our 
 advantage and for the speedy settling and improvement of the said 
 lands: 
 
 " We shall he willing to grant One Thousand, Twelve hundred, or 
 Fifteen hundred acres of said tract of land to you or twelve or fifteen 
 families, that is to say one hundred acres to each family .who will imme- 
 diately settle and improve the same, to them their heirs and assigns for- 
 ever, on the like conditions that Jeroninuis Weller and Company are to 
 he settled on the five thousand acres contiguous to the said ten thousand 
 acres of land ; and that upon such contract and agreement, to be by you 
 or either of you mad*', we will execute conveyances accordingly. 
 
 "We desire you will be as expeditious hereiu as you possibly can and 
 remit to us the contract and agreements you or either of you shall so 
 nnike in order grants he executed without delay according to the pur- 
 port and tenor theret)f. We also desire (if such contract and agreement 
 he made) that Capt. Jarrat do survey and lay out one thousand, twelve 
 hundred or fifteen huuilred acres of the said land^ in one entire field or 
 one hundred acres for each family that shall so settle and improve the 
 same, from the Paltz creek aforesaid backwards to the hills or mountains 
 to the westward thereof. 
 
 " What troubles and expense you are at we shall readily p:iy and satisfy 
 with a handsome gratuity for your services. Your diligence herein will 
 very much oblige, 
 
 "Gentlemen, 
 
 " Your Humble Servants, 
 
 " Geo. Ci.ARKK, 
 "Adolph Pnii.iPSE, 
 "Will. Sharx-as, 
 "j. v. coktlandt. 
 " To JAt'OBUS Bruyn, Esq., 
 and Capt. Alune Jarrat. 
 " A True Copy 
 
 "Pr me J. Briyn. 
 
 " Memorandum : — No meadows are to be granted hut remaine in com- 
 mon," 
 
 indorsed. 
 
 "Pursuant Ut the within Power, Jacobus Biiiyn and Allane Janat did 
 contract with and lay out for Johannis Mingus and his sou Jeronimus 
 
372 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Mingiis each of them one hundred acres, which they accordingly settled 
 and improved and huilt a Mill thereon wherein the said Johannis Min- 
 gU8 mittfortuiiately happened to be killed soon after, before they had 
 grants for tlie land, whereon adispnte arising between the said Jeronimns 
 Mingtis (who being the oldest son claiming the whole as heir at law) and 
 the widow of said Johannis Mingus, the proprietor refused giving grants 
 until an agreement was made, the same not being done in time and the 
 children being under age it was neglected until the decease of some of 
 the Patentees, since which Mattis Miltzbagh, having married the widow, 
 hath purchased some of the proprietors' rights, and also the one half of 
 Jeronimns Mingus' right, who is removed from the place. 
 
 "Mattias Miltzbagh has also satisfied tlie children of Johannis Mingus, 
 deceased, for their right in said land. The widow is lately dead." 
 
 As the result of this arrangement, Henry Crist, 
 Stevamis Crist, Matthias .Millspaugh, and others made 
 a settlement on the opposite side of the Wallkill from 
 the present village of Montgomery. The lot known 
 as the Crist mill-lot of 200 acres was a valuable piece 
 of property. Indeed, these lands generally were the 
 best in the town. The proprietors, soon after reaching 
 here, immediately entered actively upon the work of 
 clearing and cultivation. The names of these Ger- 
 mans generally appear in the account of the forma- 
 tion of the Reformed Church, given below. They 
 were a vigorous and enterprising people. They soon 
 made for their families comfortable homes, and secured 
 ample farms, portions of which may doubtless still be 
 found in the hands of their descendants. Gradually 
 they ventured out from the Wallkill Valley, located 
 farms upon the slopes of the Comfort Hills, and tiiially 
 in the territory now constituting the town of Crawford 
 beyond. 
 
 It must also be stated here that the Scotch-Irish 
 element was very soon intermingled with the Germans 
 through all this section. Together they laid the 
 foundations of churches and schools, and opened up 
 this fair country to all the advantages of civilization. 
 
 Of the Crist families a few notes should be added. 
 The agreement to settle a number of families was made 
 in 1721, as shown in the original paper, but that does 
 not determine the precise date at which the various 
 settlers entered upon their lands. It was, liowever, 
 within a few years following that date. 
 
 The pioneer Henry Crist had one son, Jacob. He 
 was the father of William, Jacob, and Henry, well- 
 known citizens of former years. Of these, William \ 
 died without issue; Jacob was drowned in the Hud- 
 son going to or returning from New York, where he 
 had been to get his wedding clothes ; and thus Henry 
 heired all the property with one-half of the mill-lot. 
 Turning to another of this family, we find that Ste- 
 vanus Crist was the father of Christian, Jonathan, 
 Simeon, and David. The lands owned by Stevanus 
 Crist were afterwards the property of Dr. Joseph 
 Whalen, and descended to his son, Joseph V. Whalen. 
 
 There was a third pioneer Crist, the fatlier of Mar- 
 tinas and William Crist, of a later generation. His i 
 lands were subsequently owned by William P. Decker. 
 Henry Crist, of the early emigrants, built at the foot 
 of the hill east of the Dutch church and north of the 
 turnpike, where there used to be an old orchard. 
 
 Town-meetings were held here in the early years. 
 His son Jacob built on the hill opposite the village ot 
 Montgomery, at the mill where his son Henry resided 
 during his life. The place was afterwards the resi- 
 dence of Daniel W. Waring, Esq. 
 
 Stevanus Crist built his first house about half-way 
 from the end of the bridge to the residence in after- 
 years of Joseph V. ^V^lalen. Town-meetings were 
 held at this place, and there the turnpike-gate upon 
 the Cochecton road first stood, though it was after- 
 wards removed west and became known as Has- 
 brouck's gate. 
 
 Among these settlers may be also mentioned Mr. 
 David Bookstaver, who located a mile or two north 
 of the Dutch church ; Jacob Bookstaver, Frederick 
 Sinsabaugh, and Johannes Youngblood, who also 
 located in that vicinity. They bought a tract of 800 
 acres, and it has been said that they cleared the first 
 land in that vicinity, but this is not correct, in view 
 of the facts brought out in the original agreement 
 given above. They were from Germany, and their 
 names are conspicuous in the early nnnals of the Re- 
 formed Church. 
 
 To erect even a log cabin was out of the question : 
 their neighbors, few and far between, and but little 
 better off than themselves in facilities to accommo- 
 date them, — like the inhabitants of the regions of the 
 north, and the earlier settler, Johannes Miller, on the 
 hill at the Wallkill, hereinafter mentioned, — they con- 
 cluded to excavate a resting-place for the winter in 
 the side of a hill, and abide there till spring, with its 
 genial influences, should dissolve the snow-drifts and 
 permit them to go abroad and bestow some labor 
 upon family comforts. This location wa.s in the side 
 of a gravelly hill, just east of the old brick church, 
 and north of the Newburgh and Cochecton turnpike, 
 and there, in that humble dwelling, the first-born of 
 Mr. Bookstaver saw the light of heaven and heard 
 the bowlings of the winter's storm. 
 
 The Assembly of 173o naturalized the following- 
 named persons among others : Matys Milsbagh, 
 Heudrick Christ, Stephanes Christ, Larens Christ, 
 Philip Milsbagh, Jacob Sinsebagh, Jacob Booch 
 Staber, and .Johannis Jong Bloet.* 
 
 Johannes Miller settled on the Harrison Patent in 
 1727. He was a German, and came to this country 
 about 1 700. He resided for a time in Ulster County. 
 His location was on the hill where in later years Mr. 
 Elinor Miller, one of his descendants, lived. " The 
 old square stone house stood on the crown of the hill 
 like some fortified baronial castle of the olden time, 
 with two doors in front to enter adjoining rooms, and 
 windows like port-holes." This was in the ancient 
 Harrison settlement, begun before Mr. Miller's ar- 
 rival, interesting particulars of which are given in 
 
 * Mr. George W. Millspaugh, of Goshen, states that the tradition in the 
 family indicates the settlement to have been earlier somewhat than the 
 above date. The orthography of the names is from the original. 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 373 
 
 the General History and in tlie paragraphs from Rev. 
 Mr. Dickson's work. 
 
 Among the settlers may also be mentioned Fred- 
 erick Shafer. This old gentleman, before his death, 
 manifested a laudable desire to protect and perpetuate 
 the buried ashes of his German brethren, and en- 
 joined it on liis heirs, as a dying request in his will, 
 to keep up and preserve this yard forever. His chil- 
 dren religiously observed the dying injunctions of 
 this pious patriarch. 
 
 Mr. Shafer was a tanner, and the first to set up a 
 yard for that purpose in this part of the town. The 
 place where he settled and conducted his trade was 
 just south and east of where the turnpike crosses 
 Comfort's Hill, on a fine durable stream that comes 
 foaming and tumbling down through a gorge in the 
 hill from the flats beyond, passing in its rapid and 
 headlong de.scent the old residence of Mr. Jonathan 
 Miller and of his son, Wickham Miller. Daniel 
 Shafer, a son of Frederick, established a new yard 
 nearer the kill and on the flat below. It was a fortu- 
 nate circumstance for the early settlers that many of 
 them were brought up to trades of the most useful 
 and necessitous character, that they might exercise 
 them in their new locations for their own benefit and 
 that of others. 
 
 The name of some of the other settlers were Oolis 
 Shulp, Hanse Jerry Smith, Jacob Rickey, Jacob 
 Pitts, Matthew Newkirk, Dederick Shafer, and Mr. 
 Fillmore. 
 
 Of the Wileman settlement, already mentioned, the 
 following particulars are added : The location was on 
 the east bank of the Wallkill, a mile below the village 
 of Walden, at the mouth of theTinn Brock. The patent 
 was divided into lots in 1712. In the history of St. 
 Andrew's Church it appears that Mr. Wileman was 
 a member of that congregation as early as 1733. This 
 church is said to have been built on his land, of logs, 
 and it was standing in 1775, as appears from the town 
 record. There was a graveyard attached to it, and 
 some of the gravestones remained in a field plowed 
 over for half a century. This was the beginning of 
 St. Andrew's Church, now at Walden. It was a mis- 
 sionary station, and their third minister, in 1744, was 
 the Rev. Hezekiah Watkins. The farm on which the 
 church stood afterwards belonged to Peter Hill, Esq., 
 and Samuel Monell, deceased, and subsequently to 
 Lucas E. Millspaugh. One of these gravestones had 
 this inscription on it : " Here lies the body of Mary, 
 wife of John Green, who died June 17, 1752, aged 
 57." 
 
 Mr. Wileman was an Irishman, noble and open- 
 hearted. He was a Freemason. Either to found a 
 lodge or perpetuate one already formed, Wileman 
 built a house on his farm for its accommodation, 
 where they met during his life. After his death the 
 institution, having lost its principal i)atr()n, went 
 down. 
 
 During the Revolution, in 1782, a portion of the 
 
 American army, consisting of a part of the Virginia 
 line and some others, laid encamped on the farm 
 owned in modern times by Mr. Peter Neaffie, about 
 one mile north of the village of Walden, and on the 
 north bank of the Tinn Brock, then known as the Wile- 
 mantown farm.* The forces — a portion of the army 
 at New Windsor — wintered at the place to protect a 
 number of baggage-wagons, cannon, and other mu- 
 nitions of war, sent for safety, and more abundant 
 subsistence, in the country during winter. One cold 
 night in the latter part of October, 1782, John Mc- 
 Lean, afterwards commissary-general of this State for 
 many years, was sent as a special messenger from this 
 encampment to the commander-in-chief at Newburgh 
 on some important business. While on his way, and 
 where Stony Brook crosses the Shawangunk road, he 
 was waylaid, seized, taken from his horse, gagged, 
 tied to a tree, and the papers relating to his mission 
 taken awa)' from him. Here he was left to the mercy 
 of accident, to be relieved by the first neighbor or 
 traveler who should pass that way. As good luck 
 would have it, he was fortunately relieved during the 
 ensuing morning, although almost perished by the 
 cold of the night. This incident, no doubt, together 
 with a familiarity with the Clinton family soon after 
 the war, contributed to aid the jiolitical preferment of 
 this gentleman. The individuals who perpetrated 
 this outrage on Mr. McLean at the time were sus- 
 pected to be some of the gang of Claudius Smith. He 
 had been executed, yet his band of marauders were 
 still alive. The rascals were not content with inflict- 
 ing this personal violence, but stole his horse, and 
 Mr. McLean afterwards claimed and received com- 
 pensation from the proper authority.t 
 
 At the time we speak of there was a large brick 
 dwelling-house on the farm, which the troops used as 
 an arsenal. Many years afterwards, in 1806, when 
 taken possession of by another proprietor, several gun- 
 barrels and an old wrought hand-grenade, with other 
 warlike implements, were dug up in the cellar, where 
 they had laid undisturbed for twenty years. The sol- 
 diers for some cause, perhaps to make musket-balls, 
 tore off the lead which secured the pediment and roof 
 of the building, which, being untenanted for many 
 years after the war, and unobserved, caused it to leak, 
 and brought the edifice to a premature decay. It was 
 torn down about the year 1809. Among the soldiers 
 were two Scotchmen, who were directed to cut down, 
 for camp purposes, a large white-oak tree, which they 
 effected by cutting it around on all sides. When the 
 tree was about to fall the two men ran away from it, 
 
 * This is a loug-Btandiiig tradition, but tliere is no documentary proof 
 
 (if it. 
 
 t Extract from the Joiirnnl of the Commiltee of Safety, Dec. 1.3, 1777. 
 
 " The account of John McLean for riding four days to Pouglikeepsie — 
 from tlience to New Windsor and Little Britain and returning, to wit: 
 Ist, 2nd and :ird days of December to convey a lettei- to Maj.Gen. Gates, 
 and two other letters to Brigadier Gen. George Clinton. 
 
 "Ordered, That the Trea'iurer pay Julin McLean £4 168. in full of said 
 account." 
 
374 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 but having no idea, from the manner cut, which way 
 it would fall, both ran along the same snow track 
 and were killed. The stump, showing the manner in 
 which the tree had been cut down, remained unde- 
 cayed and visible for many years. The army, while 
 here, flearcd about twenty acres of woodland. 
 
 This Wileman farm was confiscated after the war as 
 the property of Peter DuBois, who was a loyalist, 
 and abandoned the place at the opening of the war. 
 In consequence of some conveyance made by him be- 
 fore he left to evade a forfeiture, and a claim founded 
 upon it by the Hchuyler or Livingston family, wlio 
 were good Whigs, the confiscation was revoked or 
 never carried into efi'ect. 
 
 The Committee of Safety appointed and employed 
 several persons as riders to convey despatches, letters, 
 etc., from place to place. John McLean, Abraham 
 De Lamater, and John Van Duzer were three of 
 them. These were very useful and im)iortant officers, 
 as they were trustworthy and always at the direction 
 of the committee. 
 
 Neelytown was settled at an early date. Wm. 
 Eager, some time about 1728-29, purchased a tract and 
 located upon it, a part of which remained in the hands 
 of his descendants of the fourth generation. 
 
 The Neelys, Booths, and others were in the neigh- 
 borhood either then or soon after, as shown above and ; 
 in the church records below. Neelytown is a fine j 
 body of land and well adapted to grass and grain. ' 
 Through the central portion of the settlement runs 
 the Beaverdam Creek. Along this are the natural 
 meadows, extending in one unbroken glade from just 
 south of the Goodwill meeting-house at the north 
 down to Campbell Hall on the south, and from the 
 Wallkill on the west to the line of New Windsor on 
 the east. 
 
 A general statement of early settlers on this terri- 
 tory would include Little John Neely, Grandy John 
 Neely, Charles Booth (his sons Charles and George), 
 Wm. Eager (his sons William and Thoma.s), James 
 Houston, Patrick Barber, John Blake, Alexander 
 Tremble, James McCobb, Robert Monell, Tennis Van 
 Orsdell, Gideon Pelton, Robert Sutter, Rev. Robert ' 
 Annan, James McBride, William .Jackson, James ; 
 Jackson, Dr. Chas. Clinton, Col. John Nicholson, 
 James Barkley. 
 
 It was this community which, in 1765, established 
 the Neelytown Church. A former writer describes 
 this church and relates various anecdotes, as follows, j 
 together with items concerning some of the settlers: 
 
 "In old times, when churclies were few and the poimlalion sparse, 
 a cniigregation covered a large extent of territory. Within the recollec- 
 tion of the writer, Messrs. Shaw, McWilliams, Mrs. Wilson, and otliere, 
 from Scotchtown ; Messrs. W'ood and Younj^s, from Little Britain ; Moses 
 Bill], William Bull, James Bnll, Robert Hall and his sister Miss Miriam, 
 Younians, John Wilkin, Itoheit Wilkin, and otliers, from Wallkill, were 
 in regular attendance at tiiis church, besides a largo nund)er of those who 
 formed the congregation of Graham's CInirch in the now town of Craw- 
 ford. We shall never forget the Sabbath-day appearance of Kobert Hall, 
 his sister Miriam, and colored servant-woman. They usually came in a 
 a cart, driven by Miriam. A certiiin form and order indicating no- 
 
 tions of rank and superiority were cloarly observed in the manner of 
 these Jieople. In tlie cart, drawn by a horse which spent the day in go- 
 ing to and returning from kirk, fii'st sat Miriam, holiUug the lines in one 
 hand anil driving with the other, cutting and hurrying on, but making 
 little progress by the hour. Ne.\t, and straight behind her, sat Robert, 
 dull and stupid as a piece of carved wood, and in greater dread of 
 Miriam's tongue than the horse was of her gitd. Third, and last in the 
 row, sat tlie Afiican servant, clean antl respectful, the very image of sub- 
 mission and obedience, who would not speak unless bidilen by her mis- 
 tress, if her poor life depended upon the act. Wlien they arrived, cart 
 unloaded and horse secured, t!ie same order of precedence in the line of 
 nuirch to the church-door was systematically taken up and rigidly en- 
 foiced. We have seen this a huniired times and never saw it otherwise. 
 The return from church wa.s coniluctcd in the same invariable order. 
 The whole affair was novel and truly ridiculous in the eyes of young re- 
 publicatis, and between the three, tlie neat and obedient African shared 
 the largest respect of the people. Peace to the memory of Miriam I for, 
 though hard and cruel in all her exactions, self-willed, dictatorial, and 
 bigoted, but rigid in the discharge of (Christian duties, by her last will, 
 she established and founded the Ed scholarship in the theological semi- 
 nary at Princeton. 
 
 " This old Scotch lady that would be, in despite of public opinion, was 
 always in trouble with Sir. William Wilson, a neighbor and countryman 
 of hers. They used to figlit, quarrel, and come to blows, in wliich Miriam 
 fretjuently had the best of it. Mr. Wilson, perhaps in respect to her 
 Be.v and fiailty, had forborne to use his powers to the extent he was cap- 
 able of, but at last concluded there was no virtue in longer forbearance. 
 One day they met on the highway, and after the exchange of a few sharp 
 long shot, by way of preparation, came to blows. Mr. Wilson threw her 
 down and intentionally bioke her arm, and there the battle ended. 
 Miriam sued him at the law, which frightened him lest it might take 
 his farm to pay the damages. He proposed to leave it to men ; the prop- 
 osition was accepted, antl early one morning Mr. Wilson called on the 
 writer's father to get him to act as one of the men. He stated his case, 
 and ended by saying 'that he and Mrs. Hall had agreed to leave the 
 decision of the matter to Capt. Trimble and Scinire Eager, and trouble 
 no honest people with it, and he would be much obliged if he would 
 serve him.' Tliis compliment insured a compliance." 
 
 When the Eager family came they found Mr. Neely 
 on the farm afterwards owned and occupied by Mrs. 
 Mary Trimble and Mr. Charles Booth, at the north 
 end of the Tamarack Swamp, beside a beautiful spring 
 of clear water. The Booths were English, the Neelys 
 and Eagers, Irish. 
 
 The first stock the Eager family owned in their new 
 residence was two heifer calves, to support which 
 through the winter they went over to the Tamarack 
 Swamp, some two miles off, in the vicinity of Mr. 
 Booth, at the proper season, and cut the long grass 
 which grew there for fodder, which, in the winter, they 
 drew home on a hand-sled with the aid of snow-shoes. 
 Their first house was a log one, and situated in the 
 orchard west of the tanyard owned in modern times 
 by Mr. .Tames Peek. The second was of stone. This 
 was built before the Revolution. The land w.as culti- 
 vated for a year or two with the hoe and spade, as 
 they had no horses or oxen ; a plow could not have 
 been used if they had one. Wheat was the first, and, 
 for many years the principal, crop. Rye was not 
 raised by the family till after 1800. The land, till then, 
 would produce as much wheat as rye, and one was 
 twice the value of the other. The quantity of grain 
 raised exceeded home consumption, and was carried 
 to market. The market-places were either at the 
 village of New Windsor or John Ellison's mill, after- 
 wards JIaJor Morton's. When grain was first taken 
 to either of those places, the usual mode was to load 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 375 
 
 three horses with bags, ride one and lead two. Re- 
 turning home, the two were turned loose to follow the 
 rider. The usual price of wheat was fifty cents. 
 
 James McBride, the grandfather of Gen. John Mc- 
 Bride, of Hamptonburgh, and Mr. White, the grand- 
 father of Maj. John White, of AVallkill, well-known 
 citizens of later times, were passengers on board the 
 same vessel with William Eager. Capt. James Mc- 
 Bride, of the Revolution, married the daughter of 
 William Eager, son of the first settler. These families 
 arrived in 1728. 
 
 We have mentioned that Charles Booth was an 
 early settler at Neelytown. He had two sons, Charles 
 and George, each of whom married a daughter of 
 William and Sarah Bull, early settlers in the town of 
 Goshen. Mr. Booth purchased 1000 acres and located 
 it. The spot occupied by his first house, at the north 
 end of the Tamarack Swamp, was in later years 
 occupied by Mr. William Conning, of Scotch descent, 
 who married in the family. 
 
 Charles continued to reside during his life on the 
 spot selected by his father. Capt. William Jackson, 
 of the Revolution, father of Capt. William Jackson, 
 of Neelytown, and Dr. Samuel Jackson, of the navy, 
 married a daughter of Charles Booth. George, the 
 other son, made a new location on the original pur- 
 chase, and built a house on the farm owned by Wil- 
 liam Booth, of a former generation, just east of the 
 thread of woods separating the lands subsequently 
 owned by Mrs. George Conning from the Booth estate, 
 and about the fourth of a mile southwest from the 
 former residence of William Booth. The largest part 
 of this 1000 acres was held by the Booth family for a 
 long series of years. At an early period in the history 
 of the town Mr. George Booth was an active member 
 of the community, and we find his name on the records 
 as early as 1770, discharging the office of a justice of 
 the peace. The Booth family emigrated first to Long 
 Island, and from there to this town. 
 
 The enrollment of the freeholders of Shawangunk 
 of 1728, already given in the General History, has 
 considerable value in determining early settlement, 
 though it relates partly to territory beyond the limits 
 of the present town of Montgomery, and may not be 
 a fiill list of settlers, as there may have been a number 
 living here who were not " freeholders," and, as shown 
 in the General History, the list was prepared for the 
 special purpose of obtaining a jur>'. The names of 
 persons upon that list who are known to have been in 
 Montgomery were Abraham Schutt, Hendrick New- 
 kirk, Hendrick Krans, Edward Gatehouse, David 
 Galatian, Henry Wileman, John McNeal, Jeronimus 
 Mingus, Christoffel Moul, Samuel Neely, Israel Rogers, 
 John Neely, Alexander Neely, Col. Cortlandt. 
 
 The roll of a military company in Wall-a-kill, 1788, 
 given in the General History, is a valuable record of 
 the population at that time. There was then no pre- 
 cinct of Wallkill. "Wall-a-kill" was simply the 
 early settlements in the present town of Montgomery. 
 
 An examination of the names will show that the great 
 majority were certainly on that territory and probably 
 all were. It is the arms-bearing population from 
 sixteen to sixty. 
 
 The story of early settlement thus traced for various 
 parts of the town might be enlarged upon to an in- 
 definite extent. It must, however, be kept within 
 reasonable limits in a single volume devoted to the 
 entire county. 
 
 The following names appear on the town record, 
 including Crawford, from 1768 to 1778 : 
 
 Nicbolas Davie. 
 
 Cadwallader Golden. 
 Samuel McColm. 
 Patrick Barber. 
 Henry Patterson. 
 James White. 
 George Smith. 
 Thomas Bull. 
 Alexander Trimble. 
 .Tohu Robinson. 
 Archibald McCurdy. 
 Charles BuoUi, Jr. 
 George Booth. 
 William Cox, 
 Thomas Baty. 
 James Gahitian. 
 Hans Jerry Smith. 
 Andrew Walker. 
 Jacob Crist. 
 James McCobb. 
 George Monell. 
 Barney Roe. 
 Jonathan Webb. 
 David Current. 
 Jacob Crans. 
 James Crawford. 
 Hans Jerry Tice. 
 Nathaniel Hill. 
 Daniel Butterfield. 
 John McNeal. 
 Wm. Faulkner. 
 John Milliken. 
 Kdward McNeal. 
 Jacob liinderman. 
 John Tate. 
 James Wilkins. 
 Francis Newman. 
 John Dubois. 
 John Miller. 
 Henry Newkirk. 
 Hetiricus Van Keuren. 
 Adam Newkirk. 
 James McCobb. 
 Nathaniel W^ells. 
 Wm. Dean. 
 Matthew Seely. " 
 Ned Hopper. 
 Benj. Booth. 
 Sam'l Watkins. 
 Jnhn McNeul. 
 David Harmon. 
 Nicholas Holtjilander. 
 John McCreary. 
 John Crans. 
 Abraham Colwell. 
 Christian Miugiis. 
 HelemuB Weller. 
 Nathaniel Hill. 
 Hendrick Terwilliger. 
 Johannes Weller. 
 Robert Monell. 
 John McClean. 
 Petrus Crans. 
 
 John 31illtgan. 
 
 Johannes W. Yonngblood. 
 
 Artliur McKing. 
 
 Sam'l Smith. 
 
 Dr. Cbas. Clinton. 
 
 James Gillespie. 
 
 Hans Nip. 
 
 Jacob Sinsabaugh. 
 
 Sam'l Miller. 
 
 "Wm. Miller. 
 
 Wm. Comfort. 
 
 Au?it Grover. 
 
 Cobus Johnson. 
 
 Little John Neely. 
 
 David Jagger. 
 
 George Smith. 
 
 Wm. Moore. 
 
 Wm. Mickles. 
 
 Sam'l Rainey. 
 
 James Houston.-^ 
 
 Cornelius Slott. 
 
 Stuftle Moul. 
 
 Andreas Trempour. 
 
 Wm. McBurney. 
 
 George Clark. 
 
 David Mingus. 
 
 James McMunn. 
 
 Thomas Neely. 
 
 William Eager. 
 
 Zachariah Codington. 
 
 Thomas McKee, 
 
 Wm. Wilkins. 
 
 Johanes Decker. 
 
 Philip Milspaugh. 
 
 Jonathan Low. 
 
 John Robinson. 
 
 Joseph Crawford. 
 
 Jacob Low. 
 
 James Dug I ass. 
 
 James Hunter. 
 
 Peter Bodine. 
 
 Thomas Peacock. 
 
 Jacob Newkirk. 
 
 Jerry Kimbark. 
 
 Thomas Clineman. 
 
 Robert Milligan. 
 
 Philip Moul. 
 
 Peter Hill. 
 
 James Rainey. 
 
 John Lackey. 
 
 Robert Cross.- 
 
 James Rea. 
 
 Samuel White. 
 
 John Comfort. 
 
 Robert Dill, 
 
 Grandy John Neely. 
 
 William Bodine. 
 
 William Crist. 
 
 Henry Neely. 
 
 Samuel Harris. 
 
 Jeremiah Fit/.gerald. 
 
376 
 
 HISTOllY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Jamea SlcCord. 
 Matice Felter. 
 James Bark ley. 
 Johanoes Moill. 
 Jacob Crist. 
 Arthur Parks. 
 John Davidson. 
 Win. Watson. 
 James McKee. 
 David Crawford. 
 Christian Kuckafeller. 
 Henry Savage. 
 John Arcliy. 
 Moses Philips. 
 David Moore. 
 John McGarrah. 
 Kia Gate. 
 John Youngs. 
 John Blake. 
 •Stevanus Crist. 
 Hugh Milligan. 
 Doct. Hill. 
 John Booth. 
 Johannes Snider. 
 Wni. Barkley. 
 John Graham. 
 Joseph Crawford. 
 John Wilkins. 
 Andrew Graham. 
 Hanreck Smith. 
 George Kimhark. 
 Joseph Watkins. 
 Henry Snider. 
 Benj. Hains. 
 Wm. Neely. 
 Hendiick Newkirk. 
 James McBride. 
 James Ward. 
 John Hill. 
 Henry Grist. 
 Jacob Crist. 
 Jacob Milspaugh. 
 
 Edward Bums. 
 
 Hugh Milligan. 
 James Jackson. 
 Andrew Thompson. 
 Jonathan Smith. 
 James Eager. 
 John Colter. 
 Martin Tice. 
 William Still. 
 Daniel Snider. 
 John Gillespie. 
 Abraham Dickerson. 
 Adam Beamer. 
 Jacob Bodine. 
 Coonrad Moore. 
 Christian Crist. 
 Wm. Hill. 
 John Young. 
 Mattias Shulp. 
 James Milligan. 
 Dr. Smith. 
 James Latta. 
 Robert Thompson. 
 Wm. Simerall. 
 John Comfort. 
 David Smith. 
 Henry Neely. 
 Josel'h Houston. 
 James McBride. 
 James Graham. 
 Peter Dubois. 
 Tennis Yan Arsdel. 
 Cromas Weller. 
 Adam Sinsabatigh. 
 Hans Weller. 
 Jason Wilkin. 
 John Constable. 
 James Slonell, Jr. 
 Wm. Jackson. 
 Hans Se.tse. 
 Robert Hunter. 
 Robert Kidd. 
 
 From this historical review, it iippear- tliat the 
 eastern portion, extending from the west line of New 
 Windsor to the Wallkill, was originally settled almost 
 entirely by Scotch-Irish ; that the valley of the Wall- 
 kill was settled by emigrants from Holland and 
 Germany ; and that the western portion, extending 
 from Comfort's Hills, west of the Wallkill, to the Sha- 
 wangunk Kill, embracing the town of Crawford, was 
 jointly settled by Irishmen and Dutchmen. Though, 
 at the original settlement of the town, large districts 
 were in possession of the Dutch and Germans, yet 
 those languages were never taught in the public or 
 private schools, except in two instances. There was 
 one at the foot of the hill east of the brick church, 
 and another at Hans Youngblood's ibr some years. 
 The consequence was those languages soon ran out, 
 and though kept up by use in the family circle, in the 
 pulpit, and conversations of aged persons, they literally 
 expired, without an effort to preserve them, in the 
 second and third generations. Among the Germans 
 and their first descendants it was very common to 
 send to Philadelphia for almanacs printed in their 
 language. They were a little prejudiced on the point, 
 and credited a statement found in them about all the 
 matters and things usually contained in such books. 
 
 even down to the wind and weather, with an easier 
 faith than if the same were found elsewhere. 
 
 In the following special family notes we are in- 
 debted to the works of Eager and Dickson. 
 
 Johannes Miller emigrated to this country from 
 Germany as early perhajjs as 1720. He remained at 
 New York for a time, then removed to Esopus, Ulster 
 Co. From there he came to the precinct of Shawan- 
 gunk, in the neighborhood of the Schoonmakers and 
 the Bruyns. He engaged in weaving, and finally mar- 
 ried Jemima Schoonraaker, a daughter of Cornelius 
 Schoonmaker. He whiled his lonely way on horseback 
 along the valleys and hills which skirted the Wallkill, 
 and entered the town of Montgomery. Here, from in- 
 spection, he was satisfied he had found lands upon 
 which he could live by honest industry. He returned, 
 laden with good fortune and high hopes, with a saddle 
 of lilt venison behind him, to relate the adventures of 
 a week and the rich discoveries he had made. 
 
 When the time came to be ready and off, some of 
 the friends and neighbors in Ulster, who were op- 
 posed to their removal, refused to assist in conveying 
 them to their new location, but said they would be 
 ready at all times to move them back. The removal, 
 however, proceeded, and was conducted on horseback, 
 as they had neither sideboard nor piano-forte to trans- 
 port. Without accident they arrived at the land of 
 promise, and deposited their rude and scanty articles 
 of housekeeping in a shanty constructed of two 
 crotches, a pole thereon, and other timbers reaching 
 from that and resting upon the ground. In this open 
 hut they resided a whole year. The situation was 
 airy and cool in summer and winter, upon the crown 
 of the hill upon the bank of the Wallkill, on the road 
 from Montgomery to Goshen, and afterwards occupied 
 by the old square stone house taken down a few years 
 since by his grandson, Mr. William Miller. At the 
 foot of the hill is one of the most glorious springs 
 that ever gushed from the earth. 
 
 In settling on this spot they planted their shanty 
 directly in the vicinity of the natives, and side by side 
 the Indian wigwams, which were on the flat imme- 
 diately below, with whom they lived on terms of 
 friendship. 
 
 Their first summer crops — corn, potatoes, pumpkins, 
 and watermelons — were raised on a spot cleared by 
 the Indians, which, being low on the margin of the 
 stream and annually overflowed by it, was made rich 
 with the sediment deposited by the water and needed 
 little cultivation. The crops came fully up to Mil- 
 ler's most sanguine expectations. The fruits of the 
 season ingathered, the new settlers could not do less 
 than pay a filial visit to their friends and kin in 
 Ulster, and not only tell of their success and joyful 
 prospects, but exhibit the fruits their own hands had 
 produced from the earth. 
 
 To satisfy the discontented in Ulster, and prove to 
 his friends his judicious selection of lands. Miller 
 placed two watermelons in a bag and loaded them 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 377 
 
 upon his horse, determined to have it in his power to 
 say, "Judge of my lands by their produce." On their 
 way they stopped at old Mr. Bruyn's, in Shawangunk, 
 to refresh themselves and rest their horses. Bruyn 
 was fond of a joke. While at his house he substituted 
 two pumpkins for the melons, which he carefully laid 
 by to be restored when the exchange should be dis- 
 covered. The guests departed and made their way to 
 Mr. Elting's, near the Paltz. This individual had been 
 very friendly to the parties, and assisted them to move 
 to their new location in the spring. On arriving at 
 his house the horses were unladen for the night, 
 the travelers received and entertained. AVlien the 
 suljjects of land, quality, jiroducts, etc., were being 
 mentioned and discussed, Miller had his bags and 
 melons brought in for exhibition. On untying the 
 string and turning them out, lo ! the melons had most 
 mysteriously changed into two beautilul yellow pump- 
 kins of about the same size. Miller stood confounded 
 for a moment, but Elting, knowing that they had 
 stopped at Bruyn's, instantly exclaimed that " old 
 Bruyn or the devil had been the enchanter !" 
 
 The issue of this marriage was one child, whose 
 name was John. After the death of his wife he 
 married Sarah Bull, the widow of William Bull, of 
 Hamptonburgh, remarkable for her great age and the 
 number of her descendants. Johannes Miller, the 
 first settler, died in 1782, aged about ninety years- 
 His son, John Miller, was twice married. His first 
 wife was Miss Esther Bull, the oldest daughter of 
 William and Sarah Bull, of the old stone house in 
 Hamptonburgh, the daughter of his father's second 
 wife by a former marriage, as above stated. The issue 
 of this marriage was Peggy, Jemima, Johannes, and 
 William. His second wife was Miss Anne Weller, 
 daughter of Henry Weller.* His death was caused 
 by an accident in 1774. He was found dead in the 
 Wallkill, in the vicinity of his father's residence. 
 The supposition of the family was that he was 
 drowned in an attempt to swim his horse across the 
 Wallkill, though himself an expert swimmer. It is 
 not known whether he or his father built the old stone 
 house. He was town clerk of Wallkill in 1768, and 
 held the office for several years. 
 
 The consequence of this unexpected death was that 
 it deprived the family of its natural head and pro- 
 tector at a time when, from the age of the children, 
 the disturbed condition of the country, verging daily 
 to an outbreak with the mother-country, his protection 
 and presence could be ill dispensed with ; and the 
 care of the mother and children instantly devolved 
 principallj' upon Johannes, the eldest son, then a mere 
 lad. He was born in 1760, and the duties of the 
 father were performed by his son in a becoming and 
 filial manner. The family were Lutheran, and so 
 remained till after the Revolution, and until all the 
 
 * Of his issue l>y this marriage his son, James W., was the father of 
 John, James W., and Samuel, resideuts of Newburgh. ' 
 
 25 
 
 families of that denomination of Christians in the 
 settlement at the place were swallowed up by or 
 merged into other denominations. 
 
 Mr. Johannes Miller was not liberally educated, 
 but instructed only in the elementary department of 
 a slight English education. Indeed, when he ought 
 to have been at school he was industriously laboring 
 to support his mother and sisters, or on duty as a 
 militiaman guarding the frontiers against the incur- 
 sions of the Indians. The war continued from the 
 time he was sixteen till he was past the age of twenty- 
 one, and he had little opportunity to leave home for 
 educational purposes. This deficiency of an early 
 education he endeavored to supply by after-reading 
 and observation. 
 
 For a short period after he was fifteen years of age 
 he was boarded out at the old stone house of William 
 Bull, in Hamptonburgh, where he attended a school 
 taught by an Irishman, and learned reading, writing, 
 aritlimetic, surveying, etc. Soon after the commence- 
 ment of the war, and when about sixteen or seven- 
 teen years of age, his brother-in-law, Hendrick Van 
 Keuren, of Montgomery, commanded a company of 
 militia, in which he was orderly sergeant, and when 
 it was called out into service went with it. Notwith- 
 standing the troubled and hostile condition of the 
 country, he had the moral courage to enter a service 
 for life, and made Miss Eve Mould Mrs. Johannes 
 Miller on the 17th of March, 1779, and moved into 
 the old stone house on the hill at the Wallkill. Here 
 he had the satisfaction of entertaining a troop of 
 horse at his expense a part of one winter for the 
 benefit of the country, and of paying a Continental 
 tax of three hundred and fifty bushels of corn. 
 
 Soon after the war closed his neighbor, Johannes 
 Smith, proposed to sell his farm of 125 acres, which 
 adjoined him on the north, at ten dollars per acre. 
 Miller contracted to purchase, but was unable to meet 
 his contract. Smith refused to take jjaper money, 
 and specie could not then be had in the county. He 
 proceeded to New York to borrow the amount, but 
 they asked a premium of five per cent, besides the 
 legal interest. This he concluded not to pay, and re- 
 turned without the money. Determined to have the 
 land, he issued twenty notes of £25 each, payable at 
 different periods, without interest till due, which 
 Smith received, finding he could pay for a farm iu 
 Shawangunk with them, and which he had agreed to 
 purchase. These notes were all paid at maturity 
 when presented, except four which had found their 
 way into the pocket of some friend at Hackensack, iu 
 New Jersey, and were not presented for several years 
 after due. This would be thought a small specimen 
 of raising the wind at this day of financial improve- 
 ment and kite-flying, yet the reader must remember 
 that Mr. Miller was just of age, of no financial ex- 
 perience, an uneducated and illiterate young countrv- 
 man, with no father to guide, no friend to counsel. 
 
 He was an extensive reader on the subjects of theo- 
 
378 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 retic and practical agriculture, and no farmer in the 
 county had a more extensive library. Ambitious in 
 this, he \va.s no less so in becoming a politician, and 
 his reading extended to that and kindred objects, and 
 he settled down firmly in the school of Washington. 
 He was early known as a Federalist, and so continued 
 till his party was dissolved, when lie became a Whig, 
 and so continued till he died. He was a hearty op- 
 poser of Mr. .Jefferson, his gunboat system and ultra 
 democracy. From 1798 to 1806 politics raged in this 
 county, as indeed they did everywhere else in the 
 country, and Mr. Miller was actively engaged to sus- 
 tain his party and accomplish its objects. 
 
 One dark night, returning from Goshen, where he 
 had been attending a political county meeting, he 
 was waylaid, attacked, and knocked from his horse, 
 though not dangerously injured. From some old 
 hostile feeling still subsisting between himself and 
 one of his neighbors, and from something which had 
 transpired that day in Goshen, he judged who his as- 
 sailant was, and without due reflection called him to 
 the field of honor. Capt. William Trimble, of Neely- 
 town, accepted the invitation, but on a meeting of 
 the parties, procured by mutual friends, the matter 
 was adjusted to their satisfaction. Capt. Trimble 
 was not unlike Mr. Miller, proud, high-minded, and 
 honorable, but more impulsive, headstrong, and pas- 
 sionate. 
 
 Mr. Miller was very friendly to the manufacturing 
 interest of the country and internal improvement by 
 roads and canals, and we believe his friendship and 
 the hostility of government cost him many thousands 
 of dollars. He was mainly instrumental in getting 
 up the cotton-factor)'* at Montgomery. In 1801 he 
 was very active in procuring the charter for the New- 
 burgh and Coehecton turnpike, and afterwards in pro- 
 curing the stock to be taken and the road built. For 
 years he was the soul and body of t^he company. 
 
 Though himself not an educated man, Mr. Miller 
 was a patron of learning as far as a liberal appropria- 
 tion of means could accomplish it. His own wants 
 and deficiencies may have induced and stimulated him 
 to this course. Just notions upon the subject doubt- 
 less impelled him to supply others with that denied 
 to himself In 1791, with many others, he was in- 
 strumental in founding the Montgomery Academy, 
 then but five in the State. Farmers' Hall, in Goshen, 
 was one of them, and chartered in 1790. It was no 
 mean commendation to the citizens of the county 
 that out of five academies in the State, Orange should 
 have founded and nourished two of them. Mr. Mil- 
 ler was the leading and efficient man in this enter- 
 prise, so valuable and honorable to his native town. 
 
 Mr. Miller was not a man of impulses in anything, 
 and did not encourage and give aid to a measure to- 
 day, and when the fit \v;is off, permit it by neglect to 
 go down to-morrow, to be finished at a future period. 
 What he did was executed with all his might, sparing 
 neither time nor money till his object was satisfac- 
 
 torily accomplished, then he adopted it as his own, 
 called it his, and took care of it as if it were his own 
 child. Something of this kind seemed essential to 
 his well being. 
 
 The old academy in process of time became worn 
 out and unfit for the purposes intended, and the trus- 
 tees judged it prudential to replace it by a new one. 
 The great question was, How could it be done? 
 Where could the funds be procured? At this time 
 (1817) the State was commuting the quit-rents when 
 [ the inhabitants of the patents asked for it. Mr. Mil- 
 ler, knowing they remained uncommuted on two or 
 three patents in the county, and ever-fruitful in ex- 
 ' pedients, suggested the propriety of asking the Legis- 
 I lature to grant them for the erection of a new academy. 
 The application was made, and a law was passed in 
 ! their favor which canceled the last patents in this 
 j county from all future payment of quit-rents, and was 
 the means of building the Montgomery Academy. 
 j This grant amounted to $2000, and the trustees under- 
 took to raise $1500 by subscription, which they accom- 
 plished. The building of the academy and raising 
 the $1500 became hobbies with Mr. Miller, and he rode 
 them night and day. The subscription papers were 
 prepared by Mr. Miller, and made in the form of a 
 little book convenient to carry in the pocket, and put 
 into the hands of several of the trustees. Some short 
 time after they had been in circulation he met Mr. 
 H., a gentleman of wealth and a bachelor, who resided 
 about six miles from the village of Montgomery, in 
 the town of New Windsor. Mr. Miller leisurely took 
 out of his pocket a large pocket-book, put on his 
 glasses deliberately, untied the string, and produced 
 his subscription list. He addressed himself to Mr. 
 H., saying that the old academy was worn out, that it 
 had done good service in the infancy of the country, 
 that the interests of education required that it should 
 be replaced by a new and larger one, which would 
 confer honor on the town and county, that the funds 
 for the purpose being small, the trustees threw them- 
 selves and the cause of education upon the patriot- 
 ism and liberality of their fellow-citizens to raise 
 about $1500, which they expected to do in a few 
 months, that ever)' gentleman who had been asked 
 had willingly subscribed according to his means, and 
 that he was happy in having tlie opportunity to pre- 
 sent him with the subscription list thus early as they 
 wished all the large subscribers to sign first, etc., and 
 at the same time handed him the little book to see 
 what others had signed and what he would. Mr. H., 
 rather slowly and with apparent reluctance, received 
 it, and after a moment's examination handed it back, 
 saying that such matters were out of his line of busi- • 
 ness, that he had no children to educate, and if he 
 had the academy was too remote from his residence to 
 avail himself of its benefits, and asked to be excused. 
 Mr. Miller received his little book with much courtesy, 
 and expressed himself under many obligations to Mr. 
 H. for his politeness in looking over it, deliberately 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 379 
 
 put it back in the pocket-book, wliicb he tied up and 
 rephiced in his pocket. 
 
 Some two or three weeks afterwards, Mr. Miller ac- 
 cidentally met Mr. H. in the same office, and after the 
 usual com]ilinientsot' the day were passed, Mr. Miller 
 deliberately put on his "specs," drew from his pocket a 
 large pocket-book, untied it, and produced his sub- 
 scription list, and addressing himself to Mr. H. recited 
 the same identical speech previously delivered, word 
 for word, sentence for sentence, as if stereotyped for 
 the occasion, with this addition, — that he was very 
 sorry he had not liad the pleasure of presenting to 
 him the subscription at an earlier day, as he wished 
 certain friends of influence to head the list. A spec- 
 tator would never have suspected that Mr. Miller had 
 ever seen Mr. H. before on the subject, and Mr. H., 
 being a modest man of few words, said nothing to 
 contradict such an impression. The book was re- 
 turned accompanied with about the same reply as 
 before made. The scene was rich. Not long after 
 this second interview business again caused these 
 gentlemen to meet for the third time, and Mr. Miller, 
 with all the gravity and politeness conceivable, pro- 
 duced his big and little book as before, and went over 
 the same speech, word for word, with the least possi- 
 ble variation. When through he handed the sub- 
 scription list over to Mr. H., who received it, rose 
 from his chair, and said to a friend, " Lend me ten dol- 
 lars : I might as well pay first as last." 
 
 Mr. Miller was a practical farmer, and did all that 
 he could to advance that interest. His lands were 
 among the most beautiful in the county, and laid on 
 both sides of the road leading to Goshen, between the 
 village of Montgomery aiid the Wallkill. In the 
 old act, passed 1793, " for the promotion of agri- 
 culture, arts, and manufactures," Mr. Miller's name 
 appears as one of the petitioners asking for the act of 
 incorporation. Some of these gentlemen were Robert 
 R. Livingston, Samuel L. Mitchell, Ezra L'Homme- 
 dieu, James G. (iraham, Matthew Clarkson, George 
 Clinton, Egbert Benson, Richard Varick, with several 
 others from various parts of the State, and .John Nich- 
 olson, Andrew King, .Tohn Barber, Joseph Barber, Jo- 
 hannes Miller, and William Thompson, from Orange 
 County. This was the earliest attempt made in this 
 State by individuals to promote these objects. 
 
 Mr. Miller was president of the Agricultural Society 
 of Orange County, and addressed Gen. Lafayette in 
 Newburgh in 1825, in a short and pertinent speech. 
 This was appropriate, as the general was kuown, both 
 at home and abroad, as a practical farmer. 
 
 Mr. Miller, by the request of friends and neighbors, 
 was appointed to lay the corner-stone of the First 
 Presbyterian Church in the village of Montgomery. 
 He was entitled to this honor not only by virtue of 
 his age and respectable standing, but by exertions and 
 liberal donations towards its erection. He died Dec. 
 17, 1834, aged seventy-four. He had but two children 
 who grew up to age, John and Maria. 
 
 John married Miss Oliver, daughter of Judge ( )liver, 
 of Marbletown, Ulster Co. ; and Maria, David Hunter, 
 Esq., of Bloomingburgh. 
 
 Another prominent citizen of the olden times was 
 John Blake (properly John Blake, Jr.), whose father, 
 John Blake, purchased (May 1, 1701) 477 acres of the 
 Patrick McKnight Patent. He was of English descent, 
 the genealogy of the Aimily being traced back to Robert 
 de Blakeland, of Wiltshire, 1286. His mother, Mary 
 Morris, of Coldenham, however, was from Ireland. Mr. 
 Blake was not an educated man, but received only such 
 elementary instruction as the common schools of the 
 country offered after the war and before 1790. At the 
 time of the division of Ulster County and the forma- 
 tion of Orange, Mr. Blake was deputy sheriff of Ulster 
 and resided at Kingston. After this, and when his 
 official period of service expired, he returned to Neely- 
 town. In 1800 he was appointed sheriff of the new 
 county of Grange, served its term, and executed the 
 office to the general satisfaction of his fellow-citizens. 
 In 1806 he was elected by the Republican party — the 
 class of politicians to which he had ever been attached 
 since entering into public life — to represent the county 
 in the General Congress of the United States. Some 
 years subsequently he was again elected to the same 
 office, and on both those occasions his votes were cast 
 agreeably to the wishes of his constituents. Mr. Blake 
 was very modest and diffident, and therefore never 
 trusted himself to speak in public while a member. 
 Montgomery, his native town, had unlimited confi- 
 dence in his judgment and discretion as a town officer, 
 and so well were they satisfied with the care he took 
 of their interest in the county board of supervisors 
 that he held the office for fifteen years in succession, 
 and until he requested to be excused as a personal 
 favor. While a member of the board they were en- 
 gaged in settling the ratio of valuation of the respec- 
 tive towns in the county, and those members who knew 
 the quality of land on the public highway from Mont- 
 gomery to Goshen and the valley of the Wallkill 
 were of the opinion that Montgomery was being rated 
 altogether too low. They inferred the whole town, 
 then including Crawford and reaching west to the 
 Shawangunk Kill, was of the same equally good grade 
 of land, notwithstanding the assurances of Mr. Blake 
 to the contrary. On the adjournment of the board, 
 before completing their annual business, Mr. Blake 
 invited one of the board to ride home with him who 
 had been among the most clamorous in favor of the 
 high standard of Montgomery farms. At this time 
 the hills beyond the village of Montgomery were but 
 slightly cleared up and badly cultivated, and a large 
 district of the town for several miles in an unenviable 
 agricultural condition. On leaving Goshen, Mr. 
 Blake, without disclosing his object, saw proper to 
 leave the ordinary good highway leading homeward, 
 and conveyed his unsuspecting guest through and over 
 the district of town above referred to. Before they 
 arrived at the end of their ride the supervisor candidly 
 
380 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 remarked that he did not liefore believe there was so 
 much rough and worthless land in the town, and that 
 he was now satisfied Montgomery was rated full high 
 at the value proposed by Mr. Blake. Under this valua- 
 tion the town remained a number of years, no one 
 attempting to change it, under the belief it was 
 reasonably high. 
 
 In addition to the offices named, we further state 
 that he was several times returned a member to serve 
 in the Assembly of the State, for many years a judge 
 of the Common Pleas of the county, and justice of the 
 peace. 
 
 Mr. Blake married Elsie, daughter of William 
 Eager, of Neelytown. He died January, 182G, in his 
 sixty-fourth year. 
 
 Among the noted characters of early times was 
 Christian Coon. He was a soldier, tinker, and trump- 
 eter. He had been in the war, and could produce the 
 loudest blasts from his wonderful brazen horu. He 
 is said to have been one of the Hessian troops hired 
 by England and sent out here to fight her battles. 
 He was taken prisoner at the battle of Trenton, Dec. 
 26, 1776, where many of his fellows shared the same 
 fate, and subsequently entered the American service, 
 and remained in the army until the war ended. In 
 some engagement lie received a sabre-cut on the arm, 
 for which he drew a pension during life, without 
 which he could not have supported himself. 
 
 At one time there was an association of young 
 men, some residing in Crawford and others in Shaw- 
 angunk, Ulster Co., who had banded themselves to- 
 gether to commit all kinds of deviltry. The longer 
 the association continued their operations the bolder 
 and more pestilent they became, till finally they did 
 deeds worthy of indictment and prison. 
 
 Among other subjects for fun and deviltry, two 
 members of the club selected Coon ; in which, how- 
 ever, as things turned out, they waked up the wrong 
 customer. It roused the dormant energies and lion 
 courage of the old soldier, which had slumbered 
 within him for a quarter of a century, and he seized 
 his musket, captured his assailants, and at the point 
 of the bayonet drove them like craven dog.s before 
 him on the public highway for several miles till he 
 came to the first justice, to whom he delivered them 
 up. The officer received them, penned up like so 
 many cattle in the corner of a horse-shed. This heroic 
 act of trumpeter Coon, while it gained him much 
 credit and applause, derided and deejily mortified the 
 prisoners, and fairly turned the tables of fun and trick 
 upon themselves. The cream of the joke was the 
 musket was not loaded, nor had it been in twenty 
 years. The young men were asked why they did not 
 run off and escape. They answered, " We did not 
 know what the old devil would do." 
 
 Another prominent citizen was Arthur Parks, who 
 died Aug. 11, 1806, in the seventieth year of his age. 
 He was a member of the Provincial Congress, a mem- 
 ber of the convention that formed the State constitu- 
 
 tion, and during eleven years he represented the 
 middle district in the Senate. 
 
 Among the old Revolutionary soldiers may be men- 
 tioned Tennis Van Arsdell. This gentleman lived 
 near the Goodwill church, and was at Fort Mont- 
 gomery when taken in 1777. The English entered 
 the fort after dark, and all the American troops es- 
 caped that could find egress from the place. As they 
 entered the fort thej' continued the slaughter by 
 bayoneting our troops. At the time when Van Ars- 
 dell attempted to escape the entrance was pretty well 
 blocked up; but in a few minutes, as an English sol- 
 dier held a militiaman bayoneted against the wall, he 
 let himself down, and slyly passed through between 
 the legs of the British soldier and escaped. He then 
 took off his clothes and tied them with the gun upon 
 his back, swam the river, and afterwards returned 
 home in safety. 
 
 A sad incident of the war period was the death of 
 Col. Francis Barber : 
 
 "Fislikill, February 7, 17S3. — It is with pain and regret that we men- 
 tion the death of Lieut.-Col. Barber, who was unfurtmiately killed at 
 camp on the 11th of January. The circumstances whicli led to the un- 
 happy catastrophe, we are told, are as follows : Two soldiers were cutting 
 down a tree; at the instant he came riding by it was falling, which he 
 did not observe till they desired him to take Ciire ; but the surprise was 
 so sudden and embarrassed his ideas so much that he reined his hoi'se 
 to the unfortunate spot wliere the tree fell, which tore his body in a 
 shocking manuer, and put an immediate period to his existence." 
 
 In Barber's "'Historical Collections" this is told 
 under the head of Duchess County, as if it happened 
 there, whereas it took place in New Windsor, in 
 Orange, while the camp was there. He was led into 
 the error by finding it in a paper of that county. 
 Col. Francis Barber was one of the most elegant 
 young men that wore the Continental uniform, and 
 the son of old Patrick Barber, of Neelytown. The 
 whole county, from far and near, attended his funeral, 
 especially from the towns of New Windsor and Mont- 
 gomery, and deeply lamented the death of their 
 friend and neighbor, as well as of the gallant soldier. 
 His remains were interred in Goodwill Cemetery, and 
 their resting-place marked by a substantial monument. 
 
 We add the following notice of the Eager family : 
 William Eager, the progenitor of the family, came 
 from Monaghan, Ireland, about the year 1728 ; went 
 into Westchester County, where he stayed thirteen 
 years, and then removed to Neelytown. At this day 
 very little is known of him. He married Elsa Mc- 
 Grada in Ireland, and had two children before emi- 
 gration, and one (William) born on the passage. The 
 McGrada family were originally Scotch, but had lived 
 perhaps one hundred years in Ireland. He lived and 
 died on the farm where his son William and grand- 
 son, Thomas Eager, lived and died. His children 
 were Mary, who married William Monell ; Thomas, 
 who married Martha McNeal ; Willium, who married 
 Miriam Butler and Ann Bull ; Elizabeth, who married 
 James McMunn; Ann, who married John Davis; 
 Jane, who married John Harlow. 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 381 
 
 William Eager (the second), son of the first settler 
 of that name, was thirteen years old when the family 
 came to Neelytown. He went to school but one 
 quarter. He married, quite early in life, Miriam 
 Butler, by whom he had one child, and both died 
 early. Afterwards he married Ann, the daughter of 
 William and Sarah Bull, of Hamptonburgh, then in 
 the town of Goshen. Nine children were the fruits 
 of this marriage, all of whom grew up and were mar- 
 ried except Anthony, who died young. The de- 
 scendants of the first settler are now very numerous 
 and widely dispersed. AVilliam married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Samuel Watkins, Esq., of Wallkill ; 
 Thomas married Margaret, daughter of John Blake, 
 Esq., of Neelytown ; Sarah married Capt. James Mc- 
 Bride, of Neelytown ; Elsie married John Blake, Esq., 
 of Neelytown ; Marj' married Charles Bodine, of 
 Montgomery ; Esther married Samuel Dunning, of 
 Wallkill; Elinor married Mr. Philip Mowbray, of 
 Wallkill; Ann married Elijah McMunn, of Mont- 
 gomery ; Anthony died young. 
 
 Alexander Kidd settled probably about 1736, on 
 land adjoining that of Archibald Hunter on the north. 
 His wife was Jane Calderwood. His children were 
 Kobert, Alexander, James, Mrs. Samuel Crawford, 
 and Mrs. Alexander Wilson. 
 
 Patrick Barber settled in Montgomery about 1764, 
 three miles south of Goodwill church. His children 
 were Margaret (Mrs. John Davison), Francis, John, 
 William, and Joseph. Three others died in child- 
 hood, — Archable, Jane, Samuel. 
 
 Matthew Rhea (the younger) was born Aug. 6, 
 1719. His wife was Catharine Hunter. His children 
 were Mrs. John Barber, Frances, Stephen, James, 
 Matthew, John, Martha, Robert, AVilliam, and David. 
 
 David Jagger was an early settler, date not ascer- 
 tained. His children were John, Stephen, David, 
 Mary. 
 
 Abraham Dickerson settled here just before the 
 Revolution. His wife was Annie Mould. His children 
 were Mrs. Jacob Alsdorf, Mrs. Jacob Millspaugh, 
 Mrs. Wm. Soper, and Adam Dickerson. 
 
 Nathaniel Hill was an early settler of Crawford, 
 near the Dwaars Kill. He had three sons — James, 
 W^illiam, and Peter — and six daughters, — Mary, Cath- 
 arine, Martha, Margaret, Susanna, and Eleanor. 
 
 The entire population is very accurately shown 
 about the time of the war of 1812-16 by the follow- 
 ing catalogue of road districts, with the names com- 
 prised in each : 
 
 District No. 1, from the town line to the Mont- 
 gomery and Minisink turnpike on the west side, and 
 from the turnpike to the town line on the east, 
 Henry Goetchius (overseer), Wm. White, Matthew 
 Goetchius, Adam Crist. 
 
 District No. 2, from the school-house at Adam New- 
 kirk's to the old stone house at the State road, Joseph 
 Decker (overseer), Henry D. Crist, Daniel Mills- 
 paugh, Stephen Crist, Lawrence Crist, Henry P. 
 
 Weller, George I. Sears, James Bodine, John Wallis, 
 Phillimy Wade. 
 
 District No. 3, from the town line, past Andrew 
 Embler's, to Mayhar Wyton's, Philip Mould (over- 
 seer), Adam Newkirk, Andrew Embler, Daniel Tears, 
 Stephen Rockafellow, Jacob Newkirk, Abraham New- 
 kirk, Johannes Mould, Henry Daly, George Peek. 
 
 District No. 4, from the new road from the Shun- 
 pike to George Pitt's, past Mahar Wyton's to the Shun- 
 pike, Daniel Shafer (overseer), Frederick Shafer, 
 
 Jonathan Miller, John A. Newkirk, Fenton, 
 
 John Stephens, Moses Bodine, Joseph Caldwell, 
 
 Joseph Pitts, Rufus Weed, John McGregor, 
 
 Lead. 
 
 District No. 5, from the main road to the town 
 line, and from John Smith's to the town line south- 
 east, Lawrence Crans (overseer), George Pitts, Adam 
 Shafer, Abraham Smith, Henry Smith, Alexander 
 Barnard, John Crans, Adam Crans, William Embler, 
 Adam Embler, Adam Crist, John Rushford. 
 
 District No. 6 (perhaps joint with Crawford), from 
 Barkley's Rock, past Daniel Comfort's to the Shun- 
 pike, James W. Crawford (overseer), John Whitesides, 
 John McCurdy, Moses Crawford, Daniel Pool, Daniel 
 Comfort, Archibald McCurdy. 
 
 District No. 7, from the town line, near the Widow 
 Millspaugh's, to Barkley's Bock, and from that to the 
 turnpike, James McCurdy (overseer), John P. Crist, 
 Charles Millspaugh, Bartlett Clement, Adam Book- 
 staver, Nicholas Yorks, George Brown, Daniel Wind- 
 field, Samuel Stephens, Josiah Monroe, Moses Mills- 
 paugh. 
 
 District No. 12, John A. Newkirk, Moses Bodine, 
 Daniel Shafer, Jonathan Miller, John Puft", William 
 McCord, David Hardenbrook, John Mould, Henry 
 Daley, Philip Mould, Adam Newkirk, Peter New- 
 kirk, Henry P. Weller, Lawrence Crist, Stephen 
 Crist, Henry D. Crist, James Bodine, John Wallace, 
 Joseph Decker, Henry Gutcher, Andrew Embler, 
 Catharine Puft', Benjamin Crist, George Peck, Alex- 
 ander McGregor, Daniel Clearwater, Benjamin Clear- 
 water, John Clearwater, George Shars, Benjamin 
 Rogers, Joseph Caldwell, Jacob Newkirk. 
 
 District No. 13, Matthias Kimbark, Philip Decker, 
 John Robertson, Arthur T. Stansbury, Peter B. Mills- 
 paugh, Daniel Wilkin, Jason Wilkin, John Wilkin, 
 Joseph Whitten, John Wilson, Hugh McMullen, 
 David Rainey, William R. Wiley, James Hill, Na- 
 thaniel Hill, Joshua Crawford, Henry Weller, Ann 
 Cahill, John Cahill, Thomas Tate, John Tate, An- 
 drew N. Williams, Abraham Dickerson, Adam Dick- 
 erson, William Wilkin, Thomas Tate, James Raney, 
 Samuel Raney, Erwin Galatian, Peter Crowell, Wil- 
 liam Whigham, Daniel M. DeWitt. 
 
 District No. 22, Lawrence Crans, John Crans, 
 Abraham Smith, Henry Smith, James Warner, Geo. 
 Pitts, John Whiteside, James W. Crawford, John 
 Stephens, George Peck, Archibald McCurdj', Abra- 
 ham Peck, Jacob Sherman, Jr., Jacob Rumph, Abra- 
 
382 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ham Miller, Isaac Bears, John Hardenbrook, Henrj' 
 Miller, Jacob Pitts, Joseph Morris, Joseph Caldwell, 
 Matthias Warner, Daniel Comfort. 
 
 The other districts are given in the chapter upon 
 the town of Crawford. As the town was not divided 
 until some years later, we have been obliged to sepa- 
 rate the districts according to the opinion of old citi- 
 zens to whom they have been submitted. It may be 
 found that some of the districts are joint, considered 
 with reference to the present town line. 
 
 Of the early physicians some notes appear in the 
 story of early settlement, and other names are in the 
 chapter upon the medical profession of the county. 
 
 LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR CADWALLADER GOLDEN. 
 
 Under the head of early settlement some notice 
 of this distinguished man should be given, though 
 the more important points in his career are already 
 sketched in the General History. 
 
 He settled at the place named Coldenham, which 
 still bears this honorable designation. In the most ex- 
 citing times that preceded the Revolution, the known 
 honesty of the Lieutenant-Governor as a man and his 
 integrity of character as a public officer saved him 
 from all personal violence, though his property in 
 New York City was sacrificed at the hands of a mob. 
 
 The buildings erected by the Coldens may be sum- 
 marily stated as follows : the old stone academy house ; 
 the Coldenham stone house on the turnpike ; the' long, 
 low house east of the stone house at the foot of the hill ; 
 the house known as the Thomas Colden mansion 
 north of the turnpike ; the two dwellings east of the 
 last one named, owned in later years by David Col- 
 den ; and the dwelling on the hill south of the turn- 
 pike, occupied in later years by Mr. John Scott. 
 The homestead was subsequently deeded by Gover- 
 nor Colden to his son, Cadwallader, Jr. Both are 
 noticed elsewhere in this work. (See History of New 
 Windsor ; also General History — Physicians. ) 
 
 IV.-OKGANIZATION. 
 
 This town was organized under the name of Han- 
 over Precinct in the year 1772. Its territorj', in- 
 cluding Crawford, was set off from the old precinct of 
 Wallkill. The records of Wallkill from 1743 to 
 1767 had been already lost, or were left at Mont- 
 gomery, and subsequently disappeared. 
 
 Mr. Eager, writing in 1846, quotes as tlie first town- 
 meeting the records of 1768. But these were the 
 records of Wallkill, and should have remained in the 
 office of that town. The book was, however, de- 
 stroyed by fire some years ago. We cannot obtain 
 the first meeting of Montgomery, but, what is exceed- 
 ingly rare, we give (as Mr. Eager did) a meeting five 
 years earlier than the first. Some of the names men- 
 tioned therein belonged to the present territory of 
 Montgomery, including that of Crawford, and we 
 therefore catch at Iciist a faint glimpse of that far-off 
 period, one hundred and thirteen years ago. 
 
 The loss of valuable records is occurring every 
 year, and few are aware, until called upon to notice 
 the fact, what important historical materials are lying 
 in the town clerks' offices of the State of New Y'ork 
 exposed to the accidents of fire. Stowed away in old 
 chests or dry-goods boxes, without order or system, 
 often purposely destroyed to get them out of the way, 
 the materials that would have shown the name and 
 very nearly the location of every citizen have been 
 yearly diminishing. 
 
 Early assessment-rolls and early road-lists, exceed- 
 ingly valuable, are in many cases absolutely unat- 
 tainable. Towns can be found in this State where a 
 committee has been appointed to officially burn these 
 supposed useless papers, forgetting that the older 
 these papers are the more valuable they become for 
 historical purposes. Great care is now given in this 
 State to county records, but town records are in a 
 fearful condition of danger, and wasting steadily 
 away. On the town record there was this entry : 
 
 " Hanover, April 7, 1772. 
 " At A town meeting of tlie inliabitants of Hanover Precinct, held at 
 tlie house of Stephen Crist, the act fordividiug the Wallkill Precinct into 
 two precincts was publicly read, and the inhabitants proceeded to elect 
 their several officers agreeably to said act." . 
 
 As Stated above, from 1767 to 1772 the record con- 
 tains the history of the town of Wallkill, together with 
 a part of the present town of Hamptonburgh, as far 
 east as where Samuel Watkins and James Faulkener 
 lived, and of the west portion of New Windsor as far 
 east as where Stephen King lived. 
 
 The name of Hanover Precinct continued till 1782, 
 when it was changed to " Montgomery Precinct." 
 This name continued till 1789, when it was changed 
 to the " Town of Montgomery," by which it continues 
 to be called. The name was in honor of Gen. Mont- 
 gomery, who was killed in the assault on Quebec in 
 1775. 
 
 EXTRACT."^ FROM TOWN RECORDS. 
 
 " Kingston, 14th of November. 
 
 " Received of Mr. Joseph Sliooter and Henry Patterson, collectors for 
 the precinct of the Wallkill, the sum of One Hundred and Sixty-Eight 
 pounds. Fourteen shillings and Eleven pence, Three farthings and Two- 
 thirds of a farthing, being in full for Quota of the tax for the said Pre- 
 cinct for the year 1767. Abraham Hasbrouok. 
 
 " £168, 14, 11, 3%." 
 
 " j^pril bth^ 1768. — Officers chosen for the eusuing yetir. 
 " Major Colden, Supervisor ; John Miller, Clerk ; Patrick Barber, James 
 White, Assessors ; Samuel McColm, Constable ; George Smith, Collector ; 
 Henry Patterson, Constable and Collector; Thomas Bull, Alex. Trimble, 
 Fence Viewers for East side of the kill; J. Robinson, A. McCuniy, 
 Fence Viewers for West side of the kill. Poor Masters, C. Booth, jr., 
 Wm. Cox, for east and west side of the Wallkill ; Thomas Beaty, James 
 Galatian, for the north end of the Precinct." 
 
 ROAD DISTRICTS AND PATHMASTF.HS IN 1767. 
 
 "Lieutenant Crans, Hans Jerry Smith, Andrew Walker, and Jacob 
 Crist for the road from Capt. Newkirk to the east side of our precinct to 
 the corner of Major Colden. 
 
 *' James McCobb from George Monell's corner to Mr. Booth, then from 
 Neelytown to King's. 
 
 " James Reeves from the white-oak bridge to the brook, to Barney 
 Roe's bridge. 
 
 *' Jonatlian Webb from the white-oak bridge to the Minisink line. 
 
 " David Current from Barney Roe's brook to Stringham's lane. 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 383 
 
 "Jacob Crans from Hans Jerry Tice to Lieutenant Crans. 
 
 "James Crawford from Njitlmtiiel Hill's to Wallkill bridge. 
 
 " Henrycon Terwilliger fium Philip JIoul's to Nathaniel Hills. 
 
 "Daniel Butler from John McXears mill to Cox's. 
 
 "James Crawford to Borland's road. 
 
 " Will. Munnel from the northwest line to Campbell's bridge, and from 
 Mr. Konerel to the cross-road. 
 
 " Israel Rogers fmm John fllcNeal's mill to Capt. Faulkener's, and the 
 road to Dinaps to Israel Rogers. 
 
 " Miligan Segur from the Dwarskill to the Wallkill. 
 
 "Francy Cane from the Precinct line to Smeedis' mill. 
 
 "John Miligau from Snider's mill to Denis McPake, and from John 
 Miligan's to Brasher's bridge. 
 
 "Joseph Hathess for that quarter. 
 
 "Tliomiis McCook from the Precinct line to the meeting-house. 
 
 " James Eager from the Honey Pot to Coluell's road. 
 
 "John McConuei-y from his house to Mr. Neal's mill. 
 
 "Daniel Butterfield from the fence of Edward McNeal to Cox's. 
 
 "Jacob Linderuniii from to Hols Lander's road. 
 
 " Jtjlm Patersun from Capt. Newkirk's to James Wilkins. 
 
 " Francis Newman from Dubois' bridge to the road laid out. 
 
 " Mr. Haold from Dubois' bridge down the market road." 
 
 TOW.V OFFICERS FOR 1769. 
 
 "Major Golden, Supervisor; John McLean, David Golden, Assessors; 
 Petterus Crans, Thomas Neely, Collectors ; Samuel McColm, Peter Crans, ! 
 Constables; George Munuel, Matice Felter, Jolin Semeral, John McNeal, j 
 Fence Viewers and Prizeis. 
 
 •'In pursuance of an act of the Gov'r council general assembly of this , 
 collony, passed 3TBt of December, 1768, Entitled an act for the Relief of 
 the poor in the counties of Ulster and Orange, etc., there are elected aud j 
 chosen overseers of the Puur, William Eager and James McGord, and as 
 their cleik, John Miller. I 
 
 "And by virtue of the authority given by said act, they, the said In- j 
 habitants, did ordain that the overseers shall, whenever application is 
 made to them in behalf of any poor person, previous to their admitting 
 him to the benefit of the Precinct charity, they shall call a Jury of six 
 principal freeholders tu search and enquire of and determine upon the 
 justice and propriety thereof, and to certify tlieir approbation of their ad- 
 mission, and tliat none shall be admitted without this previous proceed- 
 ing, etc., and that they may bind out for the space of one year all such 
 male persons who have no visible means of gaining an honest livelihood 
 etc., and that the sum of £25 shall be raised for the poor, etc." 
 
 " March 21th, 1770. — There met at the house of Arthur Parks, the under 
 named Jury, by order of Jonathan Smith, Esq., to view the accounts 
 layd before us by William Eager aud James McCord, overseers of the 
 poor of this precinct for the year '60, which is to the amount of £32, 12, 
 5, which we allow to be just. (Signed.) Patrick B;»rber, Alexander 
 Trimble, Daniel Butterfield, James Barkley, Johaunas Mould, Jacob 
 Crist." 
 
 Sl'PPOHT OF POOR. 
 
 " Agreed at town meeting this sixth day of April, 1773, that it shall be 
 an Instruction to the overseers of the poor for the future, that when any 
 person shall apply to them for maintenance, that they, by advertisement 
 affixed in three or more public places, give notice that such poor persons 
 are to be boarded out to such persons as will take them for the lowest 
 reward, together with the benefit of their labor, etc.; at a certain day 
 and place appointed for that purpose, and tliat such persons that are ac- 
 cepted as standing poor shall have the letter P affixed on their left 
 shoulder. 
 
 " We, the overseei-s of the poor in Hanover Precinct, having advertised 
 the sale of Edward Barber, have, agreeable to said advertisement, sold 
 the said Barber on the 27th day of April, 1773, to Zacharia Curinton for 
 the sum of £14, 10s., or at tliat rate if he should die within the year." 
 
 " 1786. — The overseers of the poor have agreed with Henry Sincebox, 
 sen., to keep Wm. Neely for the ensuing year. Said Neely and said Since- 
 box are to render an account monthly under oath of all that said Neely 
 makes at the end of every month, and remit one-quarter part of that 
 sum to the overseers of the poor until said Neely has fully paid the sum 
 of £17, 188., ryd. 
 
 " April 1, 1794. — Tlie following persons were sold until the first of April 
 next at the following rates: 
 
 "Elanor McCarty to Thomas Scott £6 19*. Od. 
 
 Barbary Peck to Daniel Tears 6 19 
 
 Esther Telman to James Archy 8 2 6 
 
 Thomas Elliot to James Richey 6 " 
 
 Names of Places found on Town Record from 1768 
 to 1777, — Neelytowu, White Oak Bridge, Barney Roe's 
 Bridge, Wallkill Bridge, John McNeal's Mill, Bra- 
 her's Bridge, Campbell's Bridge, Dvvaars Kill, Smedis 
 Mill, Honey Pot, Campbell Mill, Stoney Ford, Tinn 
 Brock, Lieut. Crans' Bridge, Shawangunk Kill, Sni- 
 der's Mill, Decker's Mill, King's Brid<]:e, Luckey's 
 Bridge, Sharper's Bridge, Ward's Bridge, John Gil- 
 ispie's Mill, Decker's Bridge, Wallkill Meeting House, 
 Robert Milligan's Saw Mill, Big Pokanisink, Dick- 
 erson's Mill, St. Andrew's Church, the Old Church, 
 Wilemantown, Snider's Meeting House, the Fulling 
 Mill. 
 
 The following is a record of the first town-meeting 
 now preserved in the office, April 5, 1803. The full 
 list of officers chosen were Reuben Neely, supervisor ; 
 Arthur Parks, town clerk ; Alexander Davis, William 
 Crist, David Crawford, assessors; John Conger, col- 
 lector; John B. Haines, Joel Dubois, Andrew Graham, 
 commissioners of highways; John Conger, Andrew 
 Dickerson, overseers of the poor; James Thompson, 
 Adam Bodine, constables ; Joshua Woodruff, John 
 Neely, Isaac Millspaugh, Daniel Bull, Jacob Newkirk, 
 fence-viewers. To these were added fifty-five over- 
 seers. 
 
 The list of overseers of highways for 1803 furnishes 
 the names of fifty-five citizens in difierent parts of a 
 territory now covered by several town organizations, 
 as follows : 
 
 No. No. 
 
 L Reuben Turner. 29. William White. 
 
 2. Johu Comfort. 30. Andrew Miller. 
 
 3. Samuel Gillespie. 31. Andrew Graham. 
 
 4. Johu C. Tice. 32. Joseph Whitney. 
 
 5. John A. Newkirk. 33. Thomas Coldeu. 
 
 6. Martinus Crist. 34. Joseph Hunt. 
 
 7. Adam Beamer. 35. William Krwiii. 
 
 8. Johannes Sloot. 30. Tlmmas McKissock. 
 it. I>avi I Rainey. 37. ■Williain Smith. 
 
 10. Jubii Cruver. 38. Hugh MilliUeii, Jr. 
 
 11. JohnGiaham. 39. Samuel S.Crawford. 
 
 12. Matthias Kimbark. 4(). David Haine.«. 
 i;j. Christian Rumph. 41. Johu Harris. 
 
 14. Benjamin Sears. 42. James Smith. 
 
 15. William Cross. 43. William S. Miller, 
 
 16. Hugh Barkley. 44. John Miller. 
 
 17. Andrew Dixon. 45. John Barber. 
 
 18. Jacob Low. 46. AVilliam Eager, Jr. 
 
 19. Daniel Cahill. 47. Joseph Barber. 
 
 20. Samuel I. Crawford. 48. Tennis Van Arsdale. 
 
 21. Daniel Bull. 49. Hugh Milliken. 
 
 22. John I. Crist. 50. Jacob Schoonmaker. 
 
 23. Matthijts Terwilliger. 51. Isaac Lyons. 
 
 24. Daniel Teara. 52. Joshua Woodruff. 
 
 25. John McCreery. 53. John Neely. 
 
 26. John Crawford. 54. Henry Tice. 
 
 27. Daniel Millspaugh. 55. Cadwallader Coldeu, Jr. 
 
 28. William Gunning. 
 
 PRINCIPAL TOWN OFFICERS, ISOO TO 1880. 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1800-8 Reuben Neely. Arthur Parks. 
 
 1808-9 " " Thomas McNeal. 
 
 1810-18 John Blake, Jr. Adam Bodine. 
 
 1819-21 " *' Charles Borland, Jr. 
 
 1822 " " Daniel Cozens. 
 
 1823-24 *' " Abram Hunter. 
 
 1825 " " Samuel W. Eager. 
 
 1826-27 Samuel W. Eager. Joseph V. Whalen. 
 
 1828-32 *' '* Philip Millspaugh, 
 
 1833 Nathaniel P. Hill. 
 
384 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1834 Edward Bhike. Isaac Jennings. 
 
 1835-37 " " George \V. Oakley. 
 
 1838 " *' Jatiies Hoey, Jr. 
 
 1830 James Galatian. " '* 
 
 1840 " " Elislia P. Wheeler. 
 
 1K41-42 William Blake. James Hoey. 
 
 1843 " " James \V. Sears. 
 
 1^44-45 William Graham. " *' 
 
 1846 Stephen Rapalje. " " 
 
 1847-48 Joshua G. Hallock. " " 
 
 1849 Lindley M. Ferris. " '* 
 
 1850-51 .lohaniies M. Hunter. " " 
 
 1852 Stephen liapalje. " " 
 
 1853-54 " " Christopher S. Coleman. 
 
 1855 " '* Frederick Kimbark. 
 
 1856 " " Samuel C. Smith. 
 
 1867-58.; '■ " Joseph V. Comfort. 
 
 1859-62 " *' Benjamin B. Johnston. 
 
 1863 Marcus K. Hill. 
 
 1864-69 Stephen Kapalje. " " 
 
 1870-71 " " Joseph C. Mould. 
 
 1872 " " Bradner Smith. 
 
 1873-74 Daniel M. Wade. 
 
 1875-76 Marcus K. Hill. Thomas W. Senior. 
 
 1877-78 Charles J. Van Alst. Jacob Sears, Jr. 
 
 1879 Robert Young. Thomas W. Senior. 
 
 1880 " " C. Fred Luquer. 
 
 .TUSTK'ES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 1830, Daniel Lawson ; 1831, James Jessnp; 1S32, Samuel W. Eager; 1833, 
 Joseph V. Wlielan ; 1834, Hiram E. Conger ; 1835, Cornelius Neafie ; 
 1836, Samuel W. Eager; 1837, Joseph V. Whalen, Daniel Lawson; 
 1838, James A. Wilkin ; 1839, Cornelius Neafie; 1840, Hiram Eager, 
 1841, Hiram E. Conger, Henry Welch; 1842, Hiram Kane: 1843, 
 Marcus K. Hill; 1844, John D. Morrison; 1S45, Hiram E. Conger; 
 1846, Hiram Kane, Hiram E. Conger; 1847, Marcus K. Hill, Hugh 
 B. Bull, Joseph V. Whelan; 1848, Hugh B. Bull; 1849, Hiram E. 
 Conger; 1850, Joseph V. Whalen; 1851, M.wcus K. Hill; 1852, 
 George W. MilUpaugh; 1863, Moses Smith, Henry II. McElheny; 
 1854, H\igh B, Bull ; 1 855, John D. Coc ; 1 856, Alexander Ki.ld ; 1867, 
 Bloses Smith, George S. Little, James T. Kane ; 1858, Hugh B. Bull ; 
 1859, James T. Kane; 1S60, Kenwick Gillespie; 1861, John B. 
 Decker, John L. Hart ; 1862, Hunh B. Bull ; 1803, John A. Bowden; 
 1864, John L. Hart ; 18G6, John B. Decker, Joseph V. Whalen ; 1866, 
 Hugh B. Bull ; 1867, Allen Mead; 1868, John L. Hart ; 1SG9, Joseph 
 M. Leeper; 1870, Frederic Bodine; 1871, John C. Holbrow; 1872, 
 John L. Hart; 1873, Allen Mead; 1874, Frederic Bodine; 1875, 
 John C. Holbrow; 1876, John L. Hart; 1877, Allen Mead; 187.8, 
 Frederic Bodine; 1870, A. K. Wade; 1880, John L. Hart, Augustus 
 S. Tears. 
 
 V.-VILLAGES. 
 MONTGOMERY VILLAGE 
 is situated on the Wallkill, in the southern part of 
 the town. It was settled at an early date. As already 
 shown, Henry Crist, Stevanus Crist, and Matthias 
 Millspaugh had settled upon the west side of the 
 Wallkill. Johannes Mingus had built a grist-mill. 
 James Ward afterwards bought this property, and also 
 200 acres on which this village now stands. His mill 
 was on the site owned in later years by the Messrs. 
 Luquer. The bank there was high and steep, and 
 the mill being at the water's edge was difficult of 
 approach. The grain-bags were either thrown down 
 from the bank and up from the mill-door or let down 
 and up by a rude swing or tackle. Mr. Ward, to en- 
 able settlers on the other side to come to his mill, 
 built a rude bridge over this stream, and this was the 
 first bridge in all this vicinity. The place became 
 known as Ward's Bridge, and under that uame the 
 first post-office was established. 
 
 The village stands mainly on the Archibald Ken- 
 nedy Patent, in which James Clinton and William 
 Cross obtained an intere.st, and on which they laid 
 out, in the language of a deed before us, " a small 
 
 town called Montgomery town." The village took 
 the name of Montgomery from this plat, although the 
 name of the town was in honor of Gen. Montgomery. 
 Other early settlers of this village were John Mc- 
 Faught, David Crist, John McKinstry, Matthew 
 Hunter, Samuel Smith, Arthur Parks, and Oolis 
 Shulp. Parks c*t McGarrow constituted a mercantile 
 firm, and kept store on the corner where subsequently 
 old Mr. Smedes lived, and in later years the Messrs. 
 Luquer. James Ward, the early settler, lived in a log 
 cabin near the end of the bridge, on the site of the 
 residence in more modern times of Abraham Colwell. 
 Samuel Smith's house was on the lot occupied in later 
 years by Abner Bookstaver. Arthur Park's residence 
 was where John L'Hommedieu afterwards lived. 
 Oolis Shulp lived in the hollow on the turnpike east 
 of Mr. Parks. He had first located at the Harrison 
 settlement, mentioned elsewhere, but soon removed 
 to this village. He was the father of Hans Shulp, 
 a well-known Revolutionary soldier, who lived to a 
 great age in this town. 
 
 The village was incorporated by a special act 
 passed Feb. 17, 1810. The first meeting was held 
 March 6, 1810. The trustees chosen were Hugh 
 Lindsey, Benjamin Sears, Reuben Neely, John Misser, 
 Thomas McNear; the a.ssessors were James Smith, 
 Charles Parks, Francis Boyd ; the treasurer, Wil- 
 liam H. Wesser; Daniel McNear, collector; Josejjh 
 Conklin, Joseph Nicholson, Walter Mead, fire- 
 wardens. The following is a list of the village officers 
 from 1810 to 1880: 
 
 Presidents. 
 
 1810. Hugh Lindsey. 
 
 1811. " 
 1812-13. " 
 
 1814. Peter A. Millspaugli. 
 
 1815. Beiijfiniin Sears. 
 ISlfi. Juhannes Miller. 
 
 1817. Adam Bodine. 
 
 1818. Jusiiiia Conger. 
 1819-2(1. Chas. Borland, Jr. 
 1821. Johannes Miller. 
 1822-25. " 
 
 1826. Daniel Cozens. 
 
 1827-28. Juhannes Miller. 
 
 1829-31. 
 
 1832. Charles Borland, Jr. 
 
 1833. 
 
 1834. Isaac Jennings. 
 
 1835. 
 
 1836. " '* 
 
 1837-38. Chas. Borland, Jr. 
 
 1839. 
 
 1840. " " 
 
 1841. " " 
 
 1842. " " 
 1S43. 
 
 1S44. J. A. L'Hommedieu. 
 1846-48. " 
 
 1849. Johannes M. Hunter. 
 
 1850. Isaac Jennings. 
 
 1851. Abraham Caldwell. 
 1852-54. Isaac Jennings. 
 1855. Jacob Morris. 
 185'i. George Eager, Sr. 
 1857. Francis Colwell. 
 1858-60. George Eager, Sr. 
 
 Clerks. 
 William Gorham. 
 John Gorham. 
 Johannes Miller. 
 
 Daniel M. Frye. 
 
 Isaac Jennings. 
 John Sears. 
 
 Peter B. Eager. 
 
 Pliilip Millspaugh. 
 
 Samuel B. Bell. 
 James W. Sears. 
 
 Isaac Jennings. 
 James W. Sears. 
 
 Treasurers. 
 Wm. H. Weller. 
 
 David Ruggles. 
 Walter Mead. 
 
 Stephen Preston. 
 Walter Mead-. 
 
 Joshua Conger. 
 
 Isaac Jennings. 
 Wm. E. Luquer. 
 Isaac Jennings. 
 Jacob C. Tunker. 
 J. A. L'Hommedieu. 
 Abner Bookstaver. 
 
 James Hoey. 
 Abner Bookstaver. 
 Abner Madden. 
 Abner Bookstaver. 
 Bobert R. ThompsoD. 
 Abner Bookstaver. 
 
 Stephen Preston. 
 James W. Sears. 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 385 
 
 PresideDts. 
 
 Clerks. 
 
 Treasurers. 
 
 1861. Wm. L. McKinney. 
 
 James W. Sears. 
 
 James W. Sears. 
 
 i8G2. 
 
 ., 
 
 Henry \. McNeal. 
 
 1863. Abner Buokstaver. 
 
 " 
 
 Wm. L. McKinney. 
 
 1864. Wm. E. Luqucr. 
 
 Wm. L. McKinney. 
 
 Const. W. Wadsworth. 
 
 1805. Daniel M. Wade. 
 
 " 
 
 Abner Bookstaver. 
 
 1866. " 
 
 " 
 
 Henry V. McNeal. 
 
 1867-68. Allen Mead. 
 
 " " 
 
 " " 
 
 1869-70. Pliili]' D. Crist. 
 
 (t (( 
 
 " " 
 
 1871. Henry Sears, 
 
 it ti 
 
 " " 
 
 1872. Daniel M. Wade. 
 
 " " 
 
 t( « 
 
 1873. Walter J. Mead. 
 
 " " 
 
 " " 
 
 1874. 
 
 " " 
 
 John L. Hait. 
 
 1875. 
 
 >• I. 
 
 Henry V. BIcNeal. 
 
 1876. Daniel F. Bull. 
 
 " 
 
 John L. Hait. 
 
 1877-79. Thomas H. Senior 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 1880. Charles J. Kidd. 
 
 " " 
 
 Daniel M. Wade. 
 
 Trmlees (Dec. 1880).— John P. Sears, Sylvester J. Morris, Nelson Crist, 
 William McNeal, Charles J. Kidd. 
 
 Atsesnors. — William L. McKinney, William A. Parks, George T. Over- 
 liiser. 
 
 (.'"Uei:U»\ — George W. Dusenbnry. 
 
 Treastirer. — Daniel M. Wade. 
 
 Police Justice. — Frederick Bodine.* 
 
 Fire-Wardem. — James Eager, Simon B. Morris, Daniel A. Shafer, 
 Francis C. Decker, William Odell. 
 
 Inspectors of Elections. — John L. D. Eager, James Scott, Charles Sears. 
 
 Street Commiitsioiter, — J. N. Bothic. 
 
 The first village tax raised was $60, soon after the 
 incorporation. It was voted to have a market-house 
 20 by 12, and March 11, 1812, it was voted to raise 
 $100 for that purpose. April 20, 1814, $200 were ap- 
 propriated to purchase a fire-engine. Oct. 24, 1816, 
 a committee reported that there were eleven ladders 
 on hand. March 20, 1821, four firemen were ap- 
 pointed, — Ebenezer Clark, James Newton, Henry 
 Conger, John C. Millspaugh. At that time an 
 engine-house is mentioned. 
 
 The amount of the tax for this current year (1880) 
 is $849.82 regular appropriations, and $37;) for fire 
 purposes. The village has one fire-engine company, 
 known as Wallkill, No. 2, of which the foreman is 
 James Eagan, and the assistant foreman James Han- 
 Ion. There are about 40 members. There is also a 
 hose company, of which William Titus is foreman, 
 and Ferris Hulse assistant. It has about 14 members. 
 
 The village has several hotels, a number of stores 
 apparently doing a good business, the mill enter- 
 prises mentioned elsewhere, schools, churches, and 
 many pleasant private residences. If it has been 
 somewhat overshadowed in late years by its younger 
 sister on the north with its stronger manufactories, it 
 is nevertheless one of the old historic villages of the 
 county, and .sustains well its former standing. The 
 principal business places as shown in the advertising 
 columns of the enterprising village paper, published 
 by Lester Winfield, are the following: 
 
 George Peck, lamps, chandeliers, French china, 
 plated ware, etc. ; W. H. Senior & Co., dry-goods, 
 ready-made clothing ; John A. Powell, manufacturer 
 of organs ; A. B. Leggett, physician and surgeon ; 
 F. Bodine, attorney and counselor; J. N. Bothic, 
 
 * Klected, but the term of Allen Mead had not e.\pired. The latter 
 was the fir^t and only police justice. 
 
 running a market express to Newburgh ; Charles 
 Sears, "champion meat dealer;" John J. Sears, under- 
 taking and cabinet making ; C. F. Luquer, watch- 
 maker, jeweler, and dealer in gold and silver-plated 
 ware ; T. H. Ward, merchant tailor ; Stratton & Titus, 
 grist-mill and saw-mill ; William S. Hanlon, harness- 
 shop and horse goods generally; F. Kimbark, fash- 
 ionable tailor; Samuel Giles, blacksmith-shop ; Van- 
 deroof & Son, coal and lumber; Mrs. M. B. Tuttle, 
 millinery ; Harrison Smith, painter ; F. Kimbark, 
 barber; Jacob Tears, toys and holiday goods ; J. C. 
 Mould, groceries and provisions. 
 
 The present postmaster is George Eager, who has 
 held the office from 1861 to 1881. Before him was 
 Francis E. Caldwell for about eight years. C. S. 
 Coleman held the ofiice during the Taylor-Fillmore 
 administration, 1849 to 1853. From 1840 to 1848, 
 James W. Sears was the incumbent of the office. 
 John P. Sears had preceded him for many years, prob- 
 ably nearly from 1800. (See General History, " Trade 
 
 and Commerce.") 
 
 WALDEN 
 
 is the most thriving and important village in town. 
 It is situated on the Wallkill, at the High Falls, and 
 was known for many years by that name. Settle- 
 ments began at Walden many years before the Eevo- 
 lution. James Kidd is said to have built a grist-mill at 
 the very foot of the falls, on the east side, the date of 
 which is uncertain. In 1768 it appears from certain 
 town records to have been owned by or in the pos- 
 session of Johannes Decker. In 1789 it was owned 
 by Cadwallader Colden, Jr., son of Maj. Cadwallader 
 Colden, and grandson of the Lieutenant-Governor. 
 This property was afterwards occupied for a cotton- 
 factory. Stephen Gilbert erected another mill, not 
 far from the same time, lower down. This was prob- 
 ably on the site of the grist-mill recently burned. 
 
 Other early settlers on the site of Walden or in its 
 immediate vicinity were Francy Cane, Hugh Milligan, 
 Jacob Bodine and his sons, Charles and Lewis, Jona- 
 than Low, Peter Bodine, Conrad Moore, AVilliam 
 Bodine, Robert Kidd, Thomas Clineman, and William 
 Erwin. 
 
 The place is named in honor of Jacob T. Walden, 
 who formerly resided there and was the president of 
 a company which purchased the water-power and a 
 large tract of land which had previously been owned 
 by William Erwin, and earlier still by Mr. Gatehouse. 
 His energy and untiring perseverance did much to 
 build up the place, introduce manufactures, and es- 
 tablish its prosperity on an enduring basis. 
 
 The principal manufacturing establishments are 
 given under the head of " Industrial Enterprises." 
 
 The village has had a rapid modern growth. All 
 of the brick houses — and there are now a large num- 
 ber — have been built within about twelve years. 
 There are many handsome villa residences on some 
 of the beautiful heights on both sides of the Wallkill 
 River. The latter is spanned by two handsome iron 
 
386 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 bridges. The village was incorporated by a special 
 act passed April 9, 1855. The first village meeting 
 under the act was called by George W. Millspaugh, 
 justice of the peace, and was held April 14, 1855, at the 
 house of Jacob D. Millspaugh. The officers chosen 
 at that time were the following: Augustus F. Sco- 
 field, Marcus C. Hill, Milton Millspaugh, Giles An- 
 drews, Levi L. Gowdy, trustees ; Seth M. Capron, 
 John G. Woolsey, George M. Embler, assessors ; 
 Nicholas T. Clearwater, treasurer ; Mordecai Homan, 
 collector; John S. Gray, James Holbrow, John B. 
 Tears, fire-wardens. 
 
 At the first meeting of the board of trustees, April 
 20th, Augustus F. Scofield was chosen president, and 
 George W. Millspaugh clerk. A. F. Scofield and M. 
 R. Hill were appointed a committee to draft by-laws. 
 Regular meetings of the board were voted to be held 
 on the first Tuesday of each month. May 11, 1855, 
 a full set of by-laws was passed, and the organization 
 of the village government was duly completed. 
 
 The principal oflicers from 1855 to 1880 have been : 
 
 President. 
 1855. Augustus F. Scofield. 
 1856. 
 
 1857. " 
 
 1858. 
 1859-01. " 
 
 1862. Marcus K. Hill. 
 
 1863. .\ugu8tus F. Scofield. 
 1864-69. " " 
 1870. 
 
 1871. C. D. Wooley. 
 
 1872. Marcus K. Hill. 
 
 1873. Wni. B. Abbott. 
 1874-75. Thos. J. Bradley. 
 
 1876. Alfred Bateman. 
 
 1877. T. D. Barker. 
 
 1878. •• 
 
 1879. M. Littell. 
 
 1880. John C. Scofield. 
 
 Clerk. 
 Geo. W. Millspaugh. 
 Henry Gowdy. 
 
 David 1)111. 
 John C. Scofield. 
 
 Robert W. Sutcliff. 
 J. R. McCullough. 
 
 R. H. SuHiff. 
 J. C. Bogert.* 
 R. H. Sutlifl'. 
 
 J. K. McCullough. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 Nicli. T. Cleai-water. 
 
 Wm. S. Parks. 
 George Kilner. 
 Joseph G. Millspaugh. 
 
 Ebenezer W. Knapp. 
 Selh M. Caprou. 
 L. L. Gowdy. 
 Marcus K. Hill. 
 Luther Lefevre. 
 Marcus K. Hill. 
 George W. Stoddard. 
 
 Police justices were first chosen under the amended 
 act of 1839, and have been as follows : 
 
 1869, A. H. Saxe; 1871, A. H. Saxe; 1872, N. K. Wade; 1873, C. D. 
 Wooley; 1874-76, J. C. Holbrow; 1877-78, A. S. Tears; 1870-80, J. 
 L. Hart. 
 
 The list of officers for current year (1880-81) is as 
 follows: John C. Scofield, N. J. Fowler, J. W. Wil- 
 kinson, George Bingley, M. Littell, trustees ; J. E. 
 McCullough, clerk ; J. L. Hart, police justice ; J. 
 Best, C. Birch, O. Moffatt, assessors ; Andrew Bradley, 
 collector ; G. W. Stoddard, treasurer ; S. Bardsley, 
 T. B. Jordan, W. S. Parks, inspectors of election ; 
 M. Littell, street commissioner; Daniel Torbush, 
 police constable and pound-keeper. 
 
 Before the incorporation of the village a fire com- 
 pany had been in existence under an organization 
 known as " Walden Fire Incorporation." The books, 
 papers, and property were transferred to the village 
 trustees, and the latter voted a tax of .f>250 to pay up 
 the debts of the existing Fire Department and $40 for 
 
 * Declined, and R. H. Sutliff appointed. 
 
 I ladders and carts. Money was subsequently raised 
 for the purchase of an engine-house for the company. 
 I Under date of March 4, 1865, the following officers 
 of the fire contpany were reported : Chief Engineer, 
 Daniel Torbush ; Assistant Engineer, W. H. Tears ; 
 Foreman, Jacob Bradwell ; Assistant Foreman, M. B. 
 Tears ; Secretary, Theron L. Millspaugh ; Tre:isurer, 
 Harvey Trickett. 
 
 At present (December, 1880) there is one fire com- 
 pany existing, known as " Enterprise, No. 1," in charge 
 of a steam fire-engine, the best made. The company 
 is uniformed, all their apparatus is in excellent order, 
 and they are ready for efficient action either at parades 
 or actual service at fires. 
 
 The Fire Department is organized as follows : Gran- 
 ville Crist, chief engineer; John R. Hayes, first as- 
 sistant engineer ; James L. Crawford, second assistant 
 engineer. Company officers : J. R. McCullough, fore- 
 man; Caleb Birch, first assistant foreman; John Luck- 
 ley, second assistant foreman ; George H. Roat, sec- 
 retary ; P. Van Buren, treasurer. In charge of the 
 engine : John W. Weller, first engineer ; Charles 
 Smalls, second engineer ; Joseph Oldham, third engi- 
 neer ; William Hatch, fireman ; Thomas Storms, a;*- 
 sistant fireman ; John H. Vandemack, steward ; John 
 W. Weller, chairman. 
 
 For a time the village was lighted by gas, but the 
 enterprise was not j)ecuniarily successful, and the 
 company was disbanded. 
 
 The Taylor & Bateman coal and lumber yard is 
 conveniently situated near the railroad. They are 
 also proprietors of the Walden Steam-Mill, and 
 dealers in flour, feed, grain, grass-seed, lime, cement, 
 and building supplies generally. 
 
 The post-office was established many years ago. 
 Mr. E. W. Knapp is the present postmaster, and has 
 held the office nearly twenty years. He was preceded 
 by Marcus K. Hill. Earlier still was James Kidd. 
 
 Embler's grist-mill was burned a few years ago, and 
 has not been rebuilt. He has a saw-mill, which was 
 not destroyed and is still running. 
 
 The Eagle Hotel, C. .Tohnson, proprietor, was built 
 in 1823 by Jesse Scofield. It is a well-known house, 
 and a favorite stopping-place for travelers. The St. 
 Nicholas is a later-built house, and is a large and 
 commodious hotel. 
 
 The principal stores and other business places of 
 Walden, as shown by the advertising columns of the 
 village paper, are T. E. Newkirk, drugs, medicines, 
 toilet articles, lamps, cigars, etc. ; H. B. Wooster, 
 grocery-store ; Caleb Birch, boots, shoes, hats, and 
 caps; W.H.Wood, general furnishing undertaker; 
 Sears Brothers, dry-goods, provisions, groceries, 
 crockery, and glassware; Walker & Eaton (West 
 Walden), dry-goods, groceries, grass-seed, wooden- 
 ware, etc. ; T. Cockroft, confectionery, domestic nuts, 
 cigars, toys, etc. ; the palace photographic car ; John 
 R. Hays, hats, caps, gents' furnishing goods, and 
 ready-made clothing; E. W. Knapp, postmaster, sta- 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 387 
 
 tionery, school-books, newspapers, and periodicals; 
 T. D. Barker, harness, blankets, and robes ; McCul- 
 lough & Tate, groceries and provisions ; G. V. Tears, 
 boots and shoes ; Stoddard & Rutherford, general in- 
 surance agents; H. E. Stoutenburgh, watchmaker 
 and jeweler; William Alcock, watches and jewelry ; 
 Frank Pultz, stationery, sheet music ; Irving H. 
 Loughran, attorney and couuselor-at-law ; Dawson & 
 Rowland, millinery and fancy goods ; T. L. Mills- 
 paugh, carpets, oil-cloths, furniture ; Fowler's hard- 
 ware-store and agricultural implements. 
 
 The Walden Herald is a neat village paper, and is 
 now in its eleventh volume, Jlr. Chaunoey A. Reed 
 editor and proprietor. It is conducted with vigor, 
 and has evidently come to stay. 
 
 8T. ANDREW'S 
 is a hamlet situated in the northeast part of the town, 
 not far from the line of New Windsor. It derives its 
 name and most of its historical importance from the 
 fact that it was the seat of an early Episcopal church 
 known as St. Andrew's, which is now located at 
 Walden. The early development of the water-power 
 led to the growth of a large village at Walden, and 
 changed the current of trade and other business from 
 St. Andrew's. A post-office is still maintained there, 
 and James A. Coe is postmaster. Tliere is also a 
 hotel there, kept by John McKinney. 
 
 COLDENHAM 
 is in the southeast part of the town, near the New 
 Windsor line. Its name is derived from the Golden 
 family, among whom there were several members of 
 much prominence, of whom a full account has already 
 been given. This little hamlet in late years has of 
 course had nothing of the importance of former times, 
 when it was the home of the Lieutenant-Governor and 
 acting chief magistrate of the colony of New York. A 
 hotel, a small number of shops, stores, and private 
 dwellings constitute the village of to-day. 
 
 ALLARD'S COR.NERS 
 is a hamlet in the northwest part of the town, where 
 a post-office was established some years ago for the 
 convenience of quite a section in this town and in 
 Ulster County. 
 
 SCOTT TOWX 
 was recognized in former years as a neighborhood with 
 a special name, though scarcely so at the present time. 
 It was described as situated " on the Nevvburgh and 
 Cochecton turnpike, four miles east of the village of 
 Montgomery, where there used to be a turnpike-gate." 
 Samuel Monell was gate-keeper, and Mr. John .Scott 
 resided there, kept a store, and from him the name is 
 derived. 
 
 SCOTT'S CORNERS 
 
 must not be mistaken for the above. The Corners are 
 about one and a half miles east of Montgomery vil- 
 lage. It was named from John F. Scott, who kept 
 
 store at this place, as his father, John Scott, did at 
 the other mentioned above. 
 
 KEISEUTOWN 
 
 was the name formerly attached to a settlement, and 
 at the present time to a school district, in the south- 
 west part of this town, on the Wallkill, three miles 
 from Montgomery. It was a Dutch settlement. To 
 this simple rural hamlet Mr. Eager, in his history of 
 this county, devotes the following amusing para- 
 graph : 
 
 "Thougli on the banks of the Wallkill, in this repnblicau county, we 
 
 find ourselves unexpectedly in royal company, in the very presence of 
 
 the Ca'sars. The name of Keiser is of blood royal descent, direct from 
 
 I Csesar. An example; Keiserluter, in the Lower Palatinate, is Cn.'sariopolis 
 
 in Latin. 
 
 "The Grand Kmperor of Itussia is a Keiser, and clnims it by calling 
 himself the Czai' of all the Russias, which is nothing less than calling 
 himself Ca*sar, Iving, Keiser in his own native Russ, the language of 
 his country. The name, therefore, is good Dutch, and the emigraots im- 
 ported it when they came. Keisertown consequently is an Imperial 
 City, the town of a King, the city of Ciesar." 
 
 VI.— SCHOOLS. 
 
 The modern system of public schools having been 
 inaugurated in the State by the law of 1812, this town, 
 at the annual meeting of 1813, complied with the con- 
 ditions of the statute and elected as school commis- 
 sioners Wm. Crist, Joseph I. Houston, and Abraham 
 A. Thompson. Others who served one or more years 
 each during the ])eriod from 1812 to 1844 were the 
 following: Frederick Millspaugh, Nathaniel P. Hill, 
 Wm. W. Crawford, Jonathan Mould, Alexander 
 Thompson, Jr.. Adam Dickerson, George Eager, Wil- 
 liam Jackson, Henry Dubois, Daniel Lawson, Henry 
 Dubois, David Lawrence, Charles Borland, Jr., Abra- 
 ham Crist, Isaac Jennings, William Graham, James 
 Jessup, George Welles, John J. Scott, Thomas Cline- 
 man, Robert Mead, Cornelius Neafie, Moses Smith, 
 Joseph V. Whalen, John Kelly, Gideon Pelton. 
 During the same period the following persons served 
 one or more years each as inspectors of schools : An- 
 drew King, Moses Froeligh, William Powell, Isaac Van 
 Doren, Arthur I. Stansbury, David Mason, Charles 
 Borland, Jr., Samuel W. Eager, Henry I. Harden- 
 brook, Wm. H. Weller, Charles Winfiekl. Daniel W. 
 Frye, Absalom Bull, James C. Cook, Isaac Jennings, 
 John L. Lyon, David Ruggles, Joseph V. Whalen, 
 Fred. J. Betts, George Eager, Archibald Smith, John 
 Sears, Philip Millspaugh, Martin Lewis, Hiram E. 
 Conger, .lacob C. T<ioker. 
 
 Under the system of supervision by town superin- 
 tendents, from 1844 to 185tj the following were the 
 incumbents of the office in Montgomery : 
 
 1844-46, Peter T. Clearwater; 1847-48, George W. Millspaugh; 1849, 
 Peter T. Clearwater; lS.il, James T. Kane; 1853-65, Alexander 
 Beattie. 
 
 In 1856 all control of the schools by town authority 
 ceased, .supervision being transferred to the Assembly 
 District Commissioners. 
 
388 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 The report for the year ending June 15, 1S16, showed 
 996 children between the ages of five and fifteen. 
 
 MONTGOMERY ACADEMY. 
 
 The subscription to found this academy is dated in 
 1787, and contains 277 names, subscribing from 4s. to 
 £6, and covered a popuhition of fifteen miles square. 
 The sum subscribed amounted to £319, and the sub- 
 scribers appointed the following persons trustees: 
 Arthur Parks, Benjamin Sears, Adam Crans, .Tacob 
 Newkirk, Henrick Smith, Johannes Miller, Hendrick 
 Van Keuren, William Jackson, James Jackson, 
 Philip Millspaugh, Martinas Crist, Matthew Hunter, 
 and Gideon Pelton. 
 
 The trustees purchased a frame already put up 
 several miles distant, as they could get it for some 
 small sum, made a frolic, and carted it down to the 
 village. This was but the work of a day in those 
 patriotic and free-will times. The building was en- 
 tirely put up and finished. The teacher they wished 
 to employ (the Rev. Alexander Miller, of New Jer- 
 sey) was married, had a family and horse, and could 
 not come unless they could be accommodated as well 
 as himself. The trustees doubled their exertions, 
 built a kitchen adjoining the academy, put up a 
 stable, and permitted Mr. Miller to live in the ground- 
 floor, tendered him £80 for the first year, and after 
 that all he could make, which was accepted. The 
 school opened with fair prospects, and has been in as 
 flourishing condition ever since as any country acad- 
 emy in the State. Among its early teachers we name 
 Nathaniel Howell, Nathan H. White, Reuben Neely 
 and William H. Weller. Tuition was from £.5 to £2 
 per year, according to what the pupil studied. 
 
 This building, never very substantial, was removed 
 in 1818, and the present brick edifice put up in its 
 place at an expense of over $.5000. The institution 
 had some funds on hand, a rare fact at this day, which, 
 with .filSOO raised by subscription and $2000 of quit- 
 rents on three patents in this county then uncan- 
 celed, enabled the trustees to complete this noble 
 educational structure. The building is 60 by 40 feet, 
 two stories high, with a small cellar for coal and 
 wood. Each story is divided into two rooms, a large 
 and small one. The institution was incorporated 
 April 1.3, 1792. There are but three academies in 
 the St.ate older than this. 
 
 This academy is still an important institution of 
 the town, as it was in earlier years. 
 
 Like all similar institutions, there have been times 
 when it was not as prosperous as at others, but a 
 school of excellent character has been maintained. 
 The large and convenient building erected so many 
 years ago has been kept in good repair. It was 
 thoroughly refitted a few years since at an expense of 
 about $600. Its academic character is maintained. 
 It has never yielded to the modern custom of confis- 
 cating academies for the benefit of a school district. 
 The present board of trustees consists of Dr. L. M. 
 
 Crawford, president; J. M. Wilkin, secretary; T. L. 
 Jackson, treasurer; Rev. F. S. Schenck, J. O. Miller, 
 C. J. Mould, Rev. H. C. Earl, Henry Bergen, W. H. 
 Senior, Rev. J. M. Dickson, Rev. J. C. Forsythe, D. 
 M. Wade, F. Bodine, Rev. P. H. Milliken. The 
 present principal is Prof David L. Rouse. 
 
 MONTGOMERY PUBLIC SCHOOL. 
 This is under the charge of three trustees. A con- 
 venient building was erected a few years since, with 
 rooms for three teachers. The teachers now em- 
 ployed, winter term of 1880-81, are Daniel C. Car- 
 vey, principal ; Miss Adelia Sears, Miss Josephine 
 Haviland, assistants. 
 
 THE WALDEX UNION FREE SCHOOL 
 
 has a good building, erected in 1859, adapted to three 
 departments. The present teachers are William 
 Abell, principal ; Miss Emily W. Kidd, Miss Fanny 
 Stewart, and Miss Mary A. Hart, assistant teachers. 
 
 The present Board of Education are Dr. T. Mills- 
 paugh, president ; Dr. William A. Loughran, C. D. 
 Wooley, James S. Eaton, T. W. Bradley, George T. 
 Wooster; A. S. Tears, clerk. 
 
 Among those active in effecting the free-school 
 organization and members of the first board were 
 J. B. Tears, EbenezerKnapp, Dr. Thomas Millspaugh, 
 and others. J. B. Tears has been president of the 
 board most of the time since the organization. 
 
 VII.-CHURCHES. 
 
 This town is the seat of several churches of ancient 
 date. Their records combined show how strong were 
 the Christian elements which entered into the char- 
 acter of the early settlers. To found a church was 
 the next thing after building the rude pioneer houses 
 for their families. 
 
 In the general chapter on churches some of the 
 earlier religious organizations have been referred to 
 at some length, and we shall therefore be pardoned 
 if we indulge in some repetitions. 
 
 THE GOODWILL PRESBYTERIA* CHURCH. 
 This church, an elaborate and valuable history of 
 which has lately been given to the public by the 
 present pastor, the Rev. J. M. Dickson, is the oldest 
 in the town. It was planted by the Scotch-Irish set- 
 tlers, who for years made tlieir influence so widely felt, 
 not merely in their own and neighboring communi- 
 ties, but also in the affairs of the nation. Their in- 
 coming dates from about 1724-25, though some of the 
 pioneers of the colony purchased land here as early 
 as 1721. Their early history is to a great extent in- 
 volved in obscurity, their influence rather than their 
 records having been handed down to posterity. The 
 early records of the church are all lost. From the 
 records of the Synod of Philadelphia, however, it ap- 
 pears that in September, 1729, they had a commis- 
 sioner, in the person of John McNeal, in said Sj'nod 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 389 
 
 iu Philadelphia to secure supplies of preaching among 
 them, and that they were referred by the Synod to the 
 Presbytery of Philadelphia. Whether they had at 
 this time any formal organization as a church cannot 
 be ascertained, as tlie early records of the Presbytery 
 of Philadelphia are also lost. 
 
 1729 has therefore been-taken as the year from which 
 to reckon the age of the church, and in September, 
 1879, its one hundred and fiftieth anniversary was 
 celebrated by the Presbytery of Hudson, the ultimate 
 successor in this field of the Presbytery which took 
 it under its care a century and a half before. The 
 one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settle- 
 ment, from which, considering the religious character 
 and habits of the people, some would date the com- 
 mencement of the church, might have been celebrated 
 some four or five years sooner. 
 
 This community early took to itself the name "The 
 People of Wallkill," or " Wallakill," as the name ap- 
 pears in some of the older documents, no doubt from 
 their contiguity to the Wallkill Eiver, and the name 
 afterwards extended to their precinct, and is still pre- 
 served as a territorial designation in the town of W^all- 
 kill. The church very naturally went for long years 
 by the name of the Wallkill Church, though Good- 
 will is the name incorporated in the deed of the 
 ground on which the cliurch stands, dated Nov. 9, 1741, 
 and was probably its corporate uame from the first. 
 The territory which contributed to its membership 
 came to be very extensive as the settlement enlarged, 
 and hence it is not strange to find this a mother of 
 churches, as many as seven or eight having more or 
 less directly sprung from it, some through bitter con- 
 troversy and some in the natural order of growth. 
 
 Hou.SES OF Worship. — In the deed of a highway 
 from the town of Shawangunk to the Goshen line oc- 
 curs the following in describing the route, "by or 
 neare the Meeting House now erecting neare the set- 
 tlement of Adam Graham." The date of this is Sept. 
 1, 1735. This is the first church building of which 
 there is any record, and the above is the only mention 
 of it that has been preserved. Mr. Dickson, the his- 
 torian of the church, reasons, from " the character of 
 the people and the customs of the early settlers, " that 
 there must have lieen some rude structure in use pre- 
 vious to this, which the congregation had already 
 outgrown. 
 
 The next building was erected iu 1765, which Mr. 
 Dickson claims is still standing and constitutes the 
 main frame-work of the present structure. To this 
 there was an addition made some years later, with an 
 elevated steeple, in connection with the building of 
 which there was probably a general remodeling of the 
 house, the date of which is not known. In 1830 this 
 building was again remodeled, the aforementioned 
 addition, with its steeple, taken away, with the gal- 
 leries that had extended around three sides of the 
 audience-room, and the pulpit taken down from its 
 exalted position on one side and placed at the end of 
 
 the room opposite the entrance, which from this time 
 was only from the south. The cost of these repairs 
 is recorded as "$1230.99." 
 
 In 1871 this structure was again remodeled, and 
 this time enlarged by an addition in front which con- 
 stitutes a commodious vestibule and choir gallery, and 
 from which rises, as in olden times, a spire. The 
 main building was also made entirely new internally, 
 stained-glass windows put in, and a heater placed in 
 a basement. The cost of this work was not far from 
 $8000. It is now one of the neatest structures to be 
 found anywhere in the county. 
 
 Pastors. — This church has had eight installed pas- 
 tors. The first was the Rev. Joseph Houston. He 
 was a native of Ireland, and was educated in Scotland. 
 He served the Elk Eiver Church in Maryland as pas- 
 tor from 1724 till 1739. He was installed pastor of 
 this church in 1740, probably in January, and was 
 removed by death October 29th of the same year. 
 Very little is known of the parties who occasionally 
 ministered here previous to this time. History con- 
 nects the name of the Kev. Samuel Gelston with this 
 church, but with a good deal of indefiniteness. " His 
 labors here," says Mr. Dickson, " whatever their ex- 
 tent, could not have been earlier than 1732 or '33, and 
 not later than 1734." According to the records of the 
 Synod of Philadelphia, of Sept. 23, 1735, this church, 
 in connection- with the church at Bethlehem, had 
 called the Rev. Isaac Chalker, but this church had 
 afterwards refused to receive him, and the case had 
 come up from the Presbytery to the Synod for final 
 adjustment. 
 
 The second pastor was the Rev. John Moffatt, a 
 native of Ireland, and a graduate of Nassau Hall iu 
 1749, who was here ordained and installed in 1751. 
 Previous to this, or May 26, 1743, the church had 
 called the Rev. Samuel Cavin, but for some reason 
 he was not installed. Mr. Moffatt's ministry ended 
 somewhere between 1765 and 1769. During its con- 
 tinuance a parsonage was built (in 1756), and in 
 1765 a meeting-house was erected. The year follow- 
 ing (1766) the trustees purchased a farm of one hun- 
 dred acres, which is still owned by the congregation. 
 During his ministry the missionaries of the Reformed 
 Presbytery and the Associate Presbyterian Church 
 were active in the colonies. The former organized 
 one of their " praying societies" out of this church 
 about 1753, and, in connection with the labors of the 
 latter, the church divided in calling a successor to 
 Mr. Moffatt, and the Associate Church of Neelytown 
 was the result. A secession from this church about 
 the same time or a little before seems to have entered 
 into the organization of the Little Britain Associate 
 Church. 
 
 The Rev. John Blair was tlie third pastor. He was 
 installed May 19, 1769, and was removed by death 
 Dec. 8, 1771. He was a man of great ability. His 
 early ministry had been spent in Pennsylvania. He 
 had also served as Professor of Theology in Nassau 
 
390 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Hall, and as vice-president of tlie College of New 
 Jersey. 
 
 The Rev. Andrew King was the fourth pastor. His 
 labors here began in 1776, though lie was not installed 
 till June 11, 1777, and he remained in the pastorate 
 of the church till his death, Nov. 16, 1815, a period 
 of nearly forty years. During his ministry three 
 churches were organized in the territory that contrib- 
 uted to the membershi]! of this church, viz. : Hope- 
 well, Scotchtown, and Graham's Church (Associate), 
 lessening the field of his labors. During his minis- 
 try, too, the Orange County Bible Society was organ- 
 ized in this ohnrch, and he was chosen its first presi- 
 dent. 
 
 The fifth i)astor was the Rev. Robert W. Condit 
 (afterwards D.D.). But after the death of Mr. King, 
 previous to the calling of Mr. Condit, the church [ 
 passed through a severe trial, a diversity of senti- 
 ment in reference to the fitness of a Rev. William 
 Gray for the pastoral office being allowed to ripen 
 into a division of the church. The division, how- 
 ever, did not actually occur till Mr. Condit was 
 called, after which the disaffected portion withdrew 
 and formed the Berea (Reformed) Church. 
 
 Mr. Condit was ordained and installed Dec. 13, i 
 1820, and continued pastor till April 22, 1830, when ; 
 he resigned to accept a call from the First Presby- 
 terian Church of Oswego, which he served till his 
 death, Feb. 13, 1871. He was a graduate of Princeton 
 College and Theological Seminary. i 
 
 The sixth pastor was the Rev. William Blain, who 
 was installed July 27, 1830. He was a graduate of 
 Union College, and of Princeton Theological Semi- 
 nary, and had served in the ministry some fourteen 
 years before commencing his labors here. Like his 
 predecessor, he too found here an irreconcilable fac- 
 tion, which soon withdrew from the church, but on j 
 very different grounds. The time had come when the 
 growing village of Montgomery needed a Presbyterian 
 Church, and some of the most influential members of 
 this church cherished the thought of removing the 
 old church to the new site. In this they were simply 
 outvoted and peace was restored, though, says the | 
 historian, " for a time this church severely felt this 
 last exodus." Mr. Blain's pastorate ceased with his 
 death, June 9, 1857, though for some little time he 
 had been incapacitated, through bodily infirmity, for 
 the performance of pastoral duties. 
 
 The seventh pastor was the Rev. David M. Maclise, 
 D.D., a native of Ireland, educated at Belfast Royal 
 College. He was installed as colleague of and suc- 
 cessor to Mr. Blain; June 17, 1856. Previous to this 
 he for some time served the church of Norwood and 
 Hastings in Canada West. In the spring of 1869 he 
 resigned this church to take charge of the Alexander 
 Presbyterian Church, New York City. He is now 
 pastor of the Calvin Presbyterian Church, St. John, | 
 N. B. , 
 
 The eighth (the present) pastor is the Rev. James 
 
 Milligan Dickson. He is a native of Vermont, a 
 graduate of Dartmouth College, and of the Union 
 Theological Seminary, New York City. Previous to 
 coming here he had acted as pastor for four and one- 
 half years in the city of Brooklyn, and for seven 
 years in Newark, N. J. He began his labors here on 
 the first Sabbath in November, 1869, and was regu- 
 larly installed on the 15th of the February following. 
 
 Under his pastorate the membership of the church 
 has been greatly increased, and the church building 
 enlarged and remodeled. He has also performed an 
 invaluable service in searching out and putting in 
 order the history of the church, in the form of " The 
 Goodwill Memorial," to which we would refer any 
 who may wish to trace further this interesting his- 
 tory. 
 
 Elders. — The following list of elders is the most 
 complete that can be given. Mr. Dickson ventures 
 the conjecture that possibly a Robert Hunter, and 
 perhaps John McNeal, Sr., were among the earliest: 
 
 Inducted into ^ .1 * a . 
 
 Office. ^^^'^ ^ *<^'- 
 
 Matthew Rliea* (Rea) Previous to 1770. 
 
 Jolin Neelv* Subsequent to " 
 
 Alexander Kidd* About 1778. 
 
 Rul>ert Hunter* January, 1776. 
 
 Patrick Barber* Sept. 21, 179U. 
 
 Arthur Beatty 1770. March 9, 1774. 
 
 Thomas Gimerell " About 1771- 
 
 David JacKer " Aug. 21, 1796. 
 
 Matthew Khea " November, 1801. 
 
 Abrahiim Dickerson " Tec. 8, 1814. 
 
 James Caldwell (or Colwell) " Feb. 6, 1798. 
 
 Arthur Parks About 1786. Aug. 11,1806. 
 
 John Barber " " Feb. 12, 1836. 
 
 William Codiiington " " Sept. 24, 1826. 
 
 William Faulkner " " Dec. 11, 1831. 
 
 Thomas McKissock " " July 18, 1821. 
 
 James Hunter " " " " 
 
 Henry Miller 1819. Aug. 2, 1863. 
 
 CvriisLyon " Sept. 28, 1832. 
 
 Walter Mead 1823. 
 
 Nathaniel Brewster " June 2, 1869. 
 
 William Graham Aug. 26, 1838. March 22, 1860. 
 
 Gideon Peltou June 13, 1847. Feb. 2, 1861. 
 
 Andrew N. Young " " Dec. 14, 1877. 
 
 Charles Miller " " 
 
 Thomas B.Scott April, 1859. May 3, 1862. 
 
 James Van Keuren, M.D " " Nov. 5, 1868. 
 
 James B'. Bowen Jan. 17, 1869. 
 
 James C. Bull " " 
 
 Conrad Loskamp " " May 20, 1876. 
 
 John Wylie " " 
 
 Darid Jagqer Aug. 20, 1876. 
 
 Samuel Finlev " " Oct. 26, 1879. 
 
 Juseph B. ll.idden " " 
 
 Plini/ E. Hawkins " " 
 
 Those in italics constitute the present Session of the 
 church. 
 
 The following constitute the present board of trus- 
 tees : Enoch B. Nixon, president ; William C. Brews- 
 ter, Gideon P. Smith, Charles Woodruff', John C. 
 Howell, William Y. Denniston, Lewis Lipsett. 
 
 Treasurer and clerk of congregation, John H. 
 Graham. 
 
 The printed history of the church shows that it has, 
 in addition to the usual Sabbath services in the sanc- 
 tuary, which are held morning and evening, and 
 prayer-meetings during the week, an active Sabbath- 
 school, a Temperance Union, a Woman's Aid Asso- 
 ciation, a Woman's Foreign and Home Missionary 
 Association, and a Library Association. 
 
 * Not definitely known. AH previous to 1770. 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 391 
 
 REFORMED CHURCU OF MONTGOMERY. 
 
 This was composed originally of German immi- 
 grants, and organized in 1732. From its organiza- 
 tion till about 1772 it was served by supjjlies, who 
 came two or three times during the year, preached, 
 baptized, and administered the sacrament of the 
 Lord's Supper. 
 
 In 1772 the Rev. John Michael Kearn was settled, 
 who remained till 1778, when he was obliged to re- 
 sign his-charge, on account of difficulties growing out 
 of his political opinions. 
 
 From 1778 to 1784 the Rev. Rynier Van Nest, the 
 minister of the Reformed Dutch Church of Shawan- 
 gunk, officiated a part of the time in this church. 
 
 In 1788 the Rev. Moses Froeligh was settled over 
 the Associate congregation of Shawangunk and Mont- 
 gomery, in which he continued till 1811, when he re- 
 signed the charge of the former, but continued pastor 
 of the latter till his death in 1817. In that year the 
 Rev. Jesse Fonda was settled, and remained till his 
 death in 1827. 
 
 In the year 1829 the Rev. Robert P. Lee, Jr., was 
 settled. 
 
 The first edifice was a log church, and erected, prob- 
 ably, about the time the church was organized. It 
 was situated just east of the present graveyard, and 
 north of the turnpike. Our informant was told by 
 Mr. Henry Crist, deceased, that the building was en- 
 tered from the outside by a ladder. 
 
 The first baptisms were in 1734, and were as follows : 
 Stephanus, son of Philippus Crist and Annayte Men- 
 gessin ; Jacob, son of Phillipus Millspach and Maria 
 Hemnier; .lohannes, son of Christian Eboltz and 
 Maria Elizabeth Crist; Annatje, daughter of Chris- 
 toffle Maul and Anna Juliana Sewing. 
 
 Some of the names found on the early records are 
 Dekker, Terwiliger, Wilson, Velde, Robertson, Krantz, 
 Haywood, Endro, Patterson, Weller, Windviel, Weber, 
 Rockafellow, and Clearwater. 
 
 The records of the church were kept in Dutch till 
 the time of Mr. Froeligh, after which but two or 
 three entries are found of that kind. 
 
 The four acres occupied by the church and grave- 
 yard north of the turnpike were a gift from Mr. Beck- 
 ford, the brother-in-law of Mary Ballard Beckford. 
 She owned large tracts of land in this and the town 
 of Crawford, and Beckford was her agent in New 
 York to sell them. The congregation were to pay 
 for the deed, and the subscription list for the purpose 
 is on the record of the church, dated in 1759. There 
 are fifty-eight names on it, each signing sixpence. 
 
 The church having been formed and kept up by 
 the Germans and their descendants, the services were 
 in that language probably for the first fifty years. 
 Then they were half the time in German or Dutch, 
 and the other half in English. From our best infor- 
 mation, this continued till the time of Mr. Froeligh, 
 when they were all performed in English. Perhaps 
 he may have preached occasionally in German or 
 
 Dutch. We have heard two sermons since that time 
 in German in this church, when the whole country- 
 side were present, down to the oldest man ; some of 
 whom might not have been out for years, but still re- 
 tained a knowledge of the language. 
 
 We cannot forego the obligation to remark here, 
 as connected with this ancient church and early set- 
 tlement, that those who came from the hills and val- 
 leys of Germany with the Bible in their hands and 
 erected this primitive and humble temple, have by 
 their own descendants sent some of their own chil- 
 dren back to the Old World to teach the word of life 
 to heathen nations. In the year 1836, Rev. William 
 Youngblood and Josephine Millspaugh, his wife, 
 members of this church and natives of this town, 
 one a descendant of Johannes Jong Bloet, the other 
 the descendant of Matthias Millspach, two original 
 settlers, left home and friends on a mission to foreign 
 lands. 
 
 This account is so far compiled from previous works, 
 but the preseut pastor adds the following excellent 
 paper, giving the names of the founders, with other 
 details of the early organization and the events of the 
 last thirty-five years. The records of the church 
 throw so much light upon the early history of the 
 town that they are exceedingly valuable. 
 
 The Reformed Church of Montgomery was organ- 
 ized in 1732. The following were members at its 
 organization : Michael Krans, Margriet Maul, Catho- 
 rina Maul, Johannes Krans, Jacob Senseboch, Mag- 
 dalena Senseboch, Benayna Newkerk, Aibje Menyes 
 (wife of Stephanus Christ), Elizabeth Menyes (wife 
 of Lawrence Christ), Gertrout Yongbloet, Frederick 
 Weller'rAnna Margretha Kochin, Maria Gertrout 
 Steiner (wife of Philippus Melsboch), Maria Cathor- 
 rina Steiner, Elizabeth Steiner, Gertje Klooswater 
 (wife of Johannes Newkerk). 
 
 The following were officers of the church during 
 the first ten years of its existence. At the organiza- 
 tion, in 1732, Johannes Yongbloet was ordained elder 
 and Jacob Buchstaber, deacon : 
 
 1734. — Elder, Hieronymus Menyes ; deacon, Jo- 
 hannes Newkerk. 
 
 1736. — Elder, Christoffel Maul ; deacon, Stephanus 
 Christ. 
 
 1739. — Elder, Matheis Melsboch ; deacon, Lawrence 
 Christ. 
 
 1741. — Elder, Jacob Buchstaber ; deacon, Johannes 
 Kraus. 
 
 The Rev. G. W. Mancius, pastor of the Reformed 
 Church of Kingston, officiated at the organization of 
 the church, and acted as stated supply of the pulpit 
 until his death in 1762. 
 
 During the years 1753-o4, Rev. Barent Vrooman, 
 pastor of the Reformed Churches of New Paltz and 
 Shawangunk, in Ulster County, was also pastor of 
 this church. During the years 1751-68, Rev. John 
 Mofl'att, of Goodwill Presbyterian Church, preached 
 and administered baptism frequently. In 1764, Rev. 
 
392 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Frederick Mutzelins supplied the pulpit. The follow- 
 ing is the list of piistors from 1771 : 1771-78, John 
 Michael Kern; 1778-8"), Ryneir Van Nest; 1788- 
 1817, Moses Froeligh; 1817-27, Jesse Fonda; 1829-68, 
 Robert P. Lee; 1859-72, A. B. Van Zandt, late Pro- 
 fessor of Theology in the Theological Seminary of the 
 Reformed Church at New Brunswick, N. J. ; 1873-76, 
 Cornelius Brett; 1877, Ferdinand S. Schenck. The 
 church is beautifully situated on the brow of a hill, 
 across tlie Wallkill from the village of Montgomery. 
 Four church edifices have occupied this site. The 
 first was a log house, erected shortly after the organi- 
 zation of the church ; the second was a frame build- 
 ing, erected about 1760 ; the third was of brick, built 
 in 1803, and repaired and enlarged in 1834. The 
 present is a stately building of brick, and surmounted 
 by a lofty spire. It was erected in 1858, but the spire 
 was not added until 1880. The audience-room is 
 beautiful and large ; it will comfortably seat between 
 700 and 800 people. 
 
 The following is the present organization : Pastor, 
 Ferdinand S. Schenck ; Elders, Lewis Crist, Jesse 
 Fonda Mould, Ebenezer Van Alst, Robert Ashby ; 
 Deacons, John Bookstaver, John D. Mould, Abuer 
 Shafer, William Bookstaver. 
 
 The report presented by tlie church to the General 
 Synod of 1880 gives the following items of interest: 
 
 Number of families 185 
 
 " communicants 413 
 
 " Sunday-school scholars 2uO 
 
 Amount contributed for henevoleut purposes during the year... S1288.62 
 Amount contributed for congregational purposes during the 
 
 year 28U.35 
 
 The church is generally known in the community 
 as the Brick Church of Montgomery. 
 
 ST. ANDREWS CHURCH, WALDEN. 
 
 St. Andrew's was one of the churches of the pnrish 
 of New Windsor and Newburgh. Its early his.ory, 
 as well as that of its associate organizations, will be 
 found in Chapter X. of the General History, prior to 
 1776. 
 
 In 1775 its vestry consisted of Cadwallader Colden, 
 Jr., and Andrew Graham, wardens; and Peter Bodine, 
 J. J. Galatian, Ambrose Jones, Justus Banks, John 
 Blake, and Edward Burne, — Justus Banks having 
 been chosen in place of George Graham, deceased. 
 In this year the Rev. Mr. Sayre, foreseeing the trou- 
 bles that were about to ensue on the breaking out of 
 the Revolutionary war, suddenly relinquished his 
 charge and left the congregation in a very unsettled 
 -state. Up to this period the congregation of St. An- 
 drew's had been eminently prosperous, and the 
 church was filled to overflowing. But amidst the 
 collision of parties, the prejudices e.xcited against the 
 church as being the oftspring of the Church of Eng- 
 land, and other causes unhappily existing, the con- 
 gregation of St. Andrew's began from this time to 
 decline. 
 
 Gu the departure of the Rev. Mr. Sayre, applica- 
 tion was made from time to time to the rector of 
 
 Tritfity Church, New York, with a view to obtain an- 
 other minister, but without success. The parish re- 
 mained vacant until the year 1790, when the Rev. 
 George H. Spierin was engaged for two years at a 
 salary of £100 ])er annum. The vestry at this period 
 consisted of Cadwallader Colden, Jr., and James G. 
 Graham, wardens; and Justus Banks, Andrew Gra- 
 ham, Thomas Colden, Peter Galatian, Matthew Du- 
 Bois, and Edward Burn, vestrymen. Mr. Spierin 
 residing at Newburgh, an inconvenient distance from 
 the church, an effort was now made to procure a par- 
 sonage for the accommodation of the minister. Ac- 
 cordingly, Cadwallader Colden, Jr., generously pre- 
 sented the congregation with an acre of ground 
 adjoining the church lot, on which a handsome par- 
 sonage was soon built. 
 
 In 1793, Mr. Spierin received and accepted a call 
 from the congregation of Poughkeepsie ; whereupon 
 application was again made to the clergy of New 
 York to supply the vacancy. The Rev. Dr. Moore 
 recommended Mr. Frederick Van Home a candidate 
 for the ministry, who accordingly received and ac- 
 cepted a call, and on the receipt of holy orders entered 
 upon the duties of rector, December 10th. 
 
 Several attempts had been made to liquidate the 
 church debt by the sale of pews and private subscrip- 
 tions, but with very little success unfit the year 1796. 
 During this year an investigation was made into the 
 financial affairs of the church, when it was found 
 that there remained due to Cadwallader Colden, Esq., 
 a balance on the original debt, together with interest, 
 more than £500. A considerable sum was also due to 
 Andrew Graham, Esq., for moneys advanced in build- 
 ing the church. As this debt operated as a heavy load 
 upon the church, which possessed no means of reim- 
 bursement, those gentlemen most generously relin- 
 quished their claims, and thus freed the church and 
 congregation from all further embarrassment, for 
 which they received the thanks of the vestry and 
 congregation. 
 
 The vestry at this time consisted of Justus Banks 
 and Michael Beliger, wardens ; and Alexander Dorcas, 
 .lames Kain, Peter Galatian, William Erwin, Francis 
 Lyon, and Thomas Gee. 
 
 Mr. Van Home continued rector of the parish until 
 the year 1809, when he removed to Ballston, and in 
 the following year the Rev. Mr. Mackin wiis called to 
 the rectorship, the vestry being composed of Andrew 
 Graham and Peter Galatian, wardens ; and William 
 Erwin, Ale.xander Colden, Benjamin Tliorn, Nicholas 
 Bogert, Jacob Smith, and John Galatian. Mr. Mac- 
 kin continued rector for three years, and in 1810 was 
 .succeeded by the Rev. William Powell. Mr. Powell 
 resigned his charge in the year 1818, and was suc- 
 ceeded by the Rev. Samuel Phinney. In 1821 the 
 vestry, being unable to continue the salary of the 
 rector at £400, reduced it to £300, in consequence of 
 which Mr. Phinney resigned. He was succeeded l)y 
 the Rev. James P. Cotter in 1822, but he soon after 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 393 
 
 left the parish. In 1826 the Rev. Joshua L. Harrison 
 
 was called, but resigned in the course of the same 
 year on account of ill health. In this year it was 
 determined to erect an Episcopal church in the village 
 of Walden on a site given by Jesse Scofield, Esq., and 
 a subscription was immediately opened for that pur- 
 pose. The building was forthwith commenced, and 
 finished in the course of the following year. Previous 
 to its consecration, however, it was further determined 
 to relinquish the old church of St. Andrew's as a place 
 of public worship, and to give to the new church in ! 
 Walden the name of St. Andrew's Church. This 
 church was accordingly consecrated by Bishop Ho- 
 bart, Sept. 3, 1S27. 
 
 In April of this year tlie Rev. William H. Lewis 
 accepted a call to the parish, but resigned his charge 
 in November of the same year, and was immediately 
 succeeded by the Rev. Albert Hoyt. The vestry at 
 this time consisted of Nicholas J. Bogert and John 
 Fell, wardens ; and John Galatian, Jacob T. Walden, 
 John J. Galatian, Dr. Geo. G. Graham, Dr. Peter P. 
 Galatian, and Dr. Thomas Golden. 
 
 In 1829 the vestry erected a handsome parsonage j 
 on a lot of four acres purchased of Mr. Cyrus Lyon. I 
 The cost of the whole, amounting to #4000, was de- 
 frayed chiefiy by the sale of all the church property 
 at old St. Andrew's, with the exception of the bury- 
 ing-ground. On January 22d in this year the con- 
 gregation was called to mourn the loss by death of 
 its pastor, the Rev. Mr. Hoyt, who had become greatly 
 endeared to the people during the short period of his 
 ministrations. He was succeeded in March following 
 by the Rev. Nathan Kingsberry, who held the rector- 
 ship for one year, and was succeeded in 1830 by the 
 Rev. William H. Hart. Mr. Hart continued rector 
 till the year 1836, when he removed to Richmond, Va., 
 and was succeeded by the Rev. Robert Shaw. Mr. 
 Shaw removed to Marlborough in 1838, and was suc- 
 ceeded by the Rev. Henry W. Swetzer. In 1842, Mr. 
 Swetzer resigned, and was succeeded by the Rev. 
 Horace Hills, Jr., who retained the rectorship but 
 one year, and resigned his charge in November, 1843. 
 The parish wa.s then vacant until October, 1844, when 
 the Rev. William H. Hart, then residing at Fishkill, 
 Duchess Co., was again called to the rectorship of 
 this parish. 
 
 The members of the vestry at that time were George 
 Weller and Dr. George G. Graham, wardens ; and 
 William Buchanan, James R. Cooper, James Bogert, 
 David E. Bogert, William Ruggles, Samuel Wait, Jr., 
 Joseph P. Cooke, and George W. Oakley, vestrymen ; 
 Peter Bogert, secretary. 
 
 In June, 1842, the Rev. Horace Hill was called as 
 rector. At that time N. S. Bogert and George Weller 
 were wardens, and John Galatian, Thomas Colden, 
 George G. Graham, William Buchanan, E. P. Wheeler, 
 and James R. Cooper constituted the vestry. 
 
 Nov. 27, 1843, Rev. H. Hill resigned as rector, and 
 Oct. 25, 1844, the Rev. William H. Hart, a former 
 26 
 
 rector, was called to the parish, with the following 
 wardens: George Weller, George G. Graham; and 
 vestrymen, William Buchanan, James R. Cooper, D. 
 H. Ellis, James Bogert, William Ruggles, Samuel 
 Wait, Jr. ; John S. Grigg, collector ; Peter Bogert, 
 secretary and treasurer. 
 
 April 13, 1846, the following wardens and vestry 
 were elected: Wardens, George Weller, George G. 
 Graham ; Vestry, Wm. Buchanan, James R. Cooper, 
 James Bogert, David G. Bogert, William Ruggles, 
 Samuel Wait, Jr., Joseph P. Cook, Geo. W. Oakley. 
 
 Easter Monday, 1854, the following wardens and 
 vestry were elected : George Weller, George G. Gra- ' 
 ham, wardens; William Buchanan, James R. Cooper, 
 L. L. Gowdy, John S. Gregg, David Stewart, James 
 Bogert, James G. Graham, Peter W. Welling, vestry- 
 men. 
 
 In the year 1851 the rector, AV. H. Hart, died, and 
 the Rev. James W. Stewart was called. He officiated 
 as rector until Aug. 25, 1855, when his resignation 
 was accepted. A])ril 16, 1856, a call was extended to 
 the Rev. Samuel C. Davis, which was accepted. 
 About 1859 the Rev. I. G. Jaycox was called as as- 
 sistant on account of the health of the rector. Aug. 
 17, 1859, the rector, Samuel C. Davis, tendered his 
 resignation, to take effect Oct. 1, 1859, which was ac- 
 cepted. April 23, 1860, a call was extended to the 
 Rev. I. G. Jaycox, which he accepted. He resigned 
 Sept. 14, 1861. 
 
 October, 1861, a call was extended to the Rev. Jas. 
 W. Stewart, which was accepted. He tendered his 
 resignation Nov. 17, 1868, which was accepted. 
 
 The Rev. Wm. Walsh, by request of the vestry, 
 officiated until a permanent pastor could be called. 
 
 Jan. 20, 1869, a call was extended to the Rev. Levi 
 Johnston, which was accepted. 
 
 Nov. 30, 1870, the congregation resolved to build a 
 new church for St. Andrew's. The following com- 
 mittee was appointed to raise funds : Mrs. L. L. 
 Gowdy, Mrs. Hannah Hart, Jas. Gowdy, Wm. C. 
 Weller, John C. Holborn, and Jas. C. Crist. Jas. G. 
 Terbell, David Stewart, and Geo. Weller were ap- 
 pointed a building committee. The sum of $3070 
 was subscribed at this meeting. Dec. 9, 1870, the 
 committee reported $1000 additional subscriptions. 
 December 16th it was resolved to authorize the pur- 
 chase of a lot for the new church from the estate 
 of Jesse Scofield, and that James Bogert and James 
 Gowdy be a committee to make said purchase. 
 
 About this time the following wardens and vestry- 
 men were elected : Geo. Weller, Jas. Bogert, wardens ; - 
 David Stewart, David Galatian, John C. Holburn, 
 Saml. H. Wait, Jas. Gowdy, Geo. C. Wooster, Wm. 
 Buchanan, Wm. C. Weller, vestrymen. — 
 
 Dec. 28, 1871, the vestry authorized a committee to 
 sell the parsonage and land belonging to St. Andrew's 
 Church. Geo. Weller and James Gowdy were ap- 
 pointed such a commitee. 
 
 April 30, 1872, a contract was given to James 
 
394 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Gowdyto build a new parsonage for the sum of $3000. 
 Nov. 19, 1873, the resignation of Levi Johnston was 
 accepted. 
 
 June 13, 1874, a call was extended to the Rev. Win. 
 E. Snowden, which was accepted. He tendered 
 his resignation about April 1, 1877. The Rev. Geo. 
 W. Douglas ofliciated during the summer. Aug. 19, 
 1877, a call was made to the Rev. N. F. Robinson, 
 assistant at Trinity Church, New York, which he ac- 
 cepted. July 27th, James Bogert, Jr., warden, died, 
 and David Stuart was elected warden in his place. 
 John Waterhouse was elected vestryman. 
 
 June 5, 1877, the vestry sold the old church prop- 
 erty to Henry Matthews and Wm. Totty, and the pro- 
 ceeds to apply on the church debt. The third Sun- 
 day in August the rector, N. F. Robinson, resigned. 
 
 Aug. 23, 1879, a call was extended to the Rev. 
 Francis Washburn. 
 
 May 15, 1880, the church debt was paid, and the 
 
 church was consecrated on June 11, 1880, by the 
 
 Right Rev. Horatio Potter, D.D., LL.D., etc. The 
 
 new church and parsonage were erected at a cost of 
 
 $18,000. 
 
 COLDENHAM CHURCH. 
 
 The Reformed Presbyterian Congregation of Cold- 
 enham was organized by the Rev. James McKinney 
 in the year 1795. Forty-two years before this time, 
 however, a praying society had been formed by Rev. 
 John Culbortson, who came to this county in 1752. 
 This society received supplies of gospel ordinances 
 occasionally until the union between the Reformed 
 Presbytery and the Associate Synod in 1782, which 
 was attended with results so disastrous to this small 
 community that it was unknown to the church until 
 visited by Mr. McKinney ; but from the time he be- 
 gan to labor in its bounds it increased so rapidly that 
 at the time of its organization there were about 
 twenty-five communicants, two of whom were elders. 
 Robert Johnston, who had been ordained to the office 
 of ruling elder some time i)revious to his removal 
 from Ireland, and Robert Beattie, who had been an 
 elder in the Associate Reformed Church at Little 
 Britain, from which he had withdrawn, were the 
 ruling elders of this new congregation. Commencing 
 as it did under favorable auspices, the new organiza- 
 tion received liberal supplies of gospel ordinances 
 from those eminent men, who became the fathers of 
 the Reformed Presbyterian Church in America. 
 These supplies were joyfully and profitably received 
 and attended, although they were in the dwelling- 
 houses and barns of the neighborhood until 1799, 
 when a house of worship was erected. 
 
 In the year 1800 a call was made by the congrega- 
 tion, in company with one previously organized in 
 the city of New York, upon Alexander McLeod, who, 
 together with Messrs. Donelly, Black, and Wylie, had 
 been licensed to preach the gospel by the Reformed 
 Presbytery which met at Coldenham in June, 1799. 
 The call having been accepted, Mr. McLeod was 
 
 ordained and installed accordingly. For three years 
 he labored so successfully in his united charge that 
 at the end of the time each of the congregations 
 wished to obtain all their pastor's labors. His labors 
 were in the country in summer and in the city in 
 winter. Mr. McLeod chose to occupy New York as 
 his future field. Coldenham, of course, was left 
 vacant, and remained so until the settlement of Mr. 
 James Milligan in 1812. Mr. Milligan remained in 
 it until 1817, at which time he removed to Ryegate 
 Street, and in August of the same year Mr. James R. 
 Wilson, having received and accepted a call, became 
 its pastor. During the pastorate of Mr. Wilson a 
 certificate of incorporation was filed under date of 
 April 28,1829. The elders named at that time were 
 Robert Beattie, David McBurney, William C. Beattie, 
 Robert Hadden, Samuel Arnot, William Elder; the 
 deacons were James Beattie, James McKinney, John 
 Brown, Abraham Gillespie. Dr . Wilson went to 
 Albany, N. Y., in 18.30, and in consequence of his 
 removal the congregation remained vacant until his 
 return, in November, 1833. 
 
 After his return, the house of worshij) having be- 
 come through age uncomfortable, the erection of a 
 new edifice began to be talked of, and in 1838 a new 
 and commodious house was built. In the fall of 1840, 
 Dr. Wilson went to Alleghany, Pa., and the congre- 
 gation was supplied by Presbyterial assistants until 
 the settlement of James W. Shaw, in May, 1844. 
 
 During his pastorate the church for some reason 
 deemed it best to file a new certificate of incorpora- 
 tion. It was executed April 28, 1859, and was signed 
 by Rev. James W. Shaw, pastor. The elders named 
 were William Fleming and Wm. B. Shesor, and the 
 deacons were Matthew Darby and Arthur Fleming. 
 
 THE REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH OF BEREA. 
 
 This church is distant ten miles from the village of 
 Newburgh, and three miles from the villages of Mont- 
 gomery and Walden. The church was organized 
 under the statute of the State by the name of Berea, 
 which was suggested by Elder Thomas McKissock, 
 and adopted by the congregation. The church was a 
 secession from the Presbyterian Church of Goodwill, 
 caused by difficulties which originated in the settle- 
 ment of a minister. Rev. James Ten Eyck was sent 
 for to preach four Sabbaths in November, 1821. The 
 church then made ap])lication to the Classis of New 
 Brunswick, to which Mr. Ten Eyck belonged as a 
 licentiate, for his services as an ordained missionary 
 for one year. The Classis of New Brunswick examined 
 Mr. Ten Eyck, and ordained him as a missionary, 
 with direction to labor a year in the church. In 
 April, 1823, Peter Lowe and Robert Crowell were 
 appointed commissioners to present to the Cla.ssis of 
 Ulster certain proposals, having in view a connection 
 with the Reformed Dutch Church. 
 
 The following is an extract from the minutes of the 
 Classis of Ulster: 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 395 
 
 " The Classis received the following communication and proposals 
 from the congregation at Berea, for connecting themselves with this 
 Classis : 
 
 "Ist. That tlie temporalities of tlie congregation be managed by 
 trustees agreeably to the statute. 
 
 " 2d. All persons that are stated hearere at this church, and shall 
 have contributed to the support of the same for one year immediately 
 preceding an election, shall have a voice in fixing the amount of salary, 
 and in making clioice of a pastor, etc. 
 
 "3d. That the Westmiuster Confession of Faith, together with the 
 Dutch Reformed Confession of Faith and Catechisms, shall be the stand- 
 ards of this church. 
 
 "The above communication and proposals were referred to a commit- 
 tee of the Classis of Ulster, consisting of the Rev. Messrs. \Vm. Bogar- 
 dus, H. Bogardus. ami Elder E. Bunk. 
 
 " Your committee beg leave to report the following resolutions, viz. : 
 
 " Ist. That the said church and congregation of Berea be and hereby 
 is admitted into connection with this Classis, and received under our 
 constitutional care and government. 
 
 "2d. That the Classis are willing that saiti congregation take any 
 measures and adopt any plans for its internal government which are 
 not repugnant to the constitution of our Reformed Dutch Church. 
 
 " 3d. That the Classis advise the Kev. Mr. Ten Eyck, who now labors 
 amoug that people, to take the proper measures for the due organization 
 of said church, and to complete their connection with this body. 
 
 " Classis rejoice in the hope that said congregation will become a 
 pious and valuable member of our church, and pray that the Great 
 HeAd of the church may receive them under his covenant protection 
 and grace. 
 
 (Signed) "Henry Ostrandrr, Chairman." 
 
 Ill pursuance with this act the ecclesiastical relation 
 of Mr. Ten Eyck wa-s regularly transferred from the 
 Classis of New Brunswick to the Classis of Ulster, 
 and installed by a committee of the latter body in 
 1823 as pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church of 
 Berea. The first consistory was composed of the fol- 
 lowing persons : Thomas McKissock, John Blake, 
 Caleb Dill, Peter Lowe, and Christian Crist. This 
 consistory was chosen Aug. 2, 1823. The following 
 are the names of the first trustees : Andrew Kidd, 
 John Milliken, Robert Crowell, Nathaniel Ackerly, 
 and Thomas Clineman. 
 
 The congregation was incorporated by a certificate 
 executed Nov. 13, 1821. The proceedings were cer- 
 tified to by James Hunter and Thomas McKissock, 
 inspectors of election. The trustees chosen were 
 Robert Crowell, Christian Crist, Thomas Clineman, 
 John W. Milliken, and Nathaniel Ackerly. 
 
 The present house of worship was built during the 
 years 1821 and 1822, the parsonage being erected the 
 year following. When erected, the church stood in 
 the midst of a forest; the timber was obtained on the 
 ground and hewn out by the congregation. Thus far 
 in the history of this church there have been but 
 three pastors, the first being Rev. James B. Ten Eyck, 
 above mentioned. His pastorate continued until his 
 death, April 20, 1872. 
 
 Rev. L. L. Comfort was settled in July of the same 
 year, and remained also until his death, which oc- 
 curred in July, 1879. 
 
 In the following August, Peter H. Milliken, who 
 had just graduated from the Theological Seminary at 
 New Brunswick, N. J., was called, and in October 
 (1879) was ordained to the gospel ministry. 
 
 Elders elected since the first are Nathaniel Akerly, 
 
 James Hunter, Cornelius Decker, William Houston, 
 Hugh Milliken, Peter B. Cromwell, Sidney Kidd, 
 James VVaugh, Peter Brett, Robert Dill, R. B. Innis, 
 Robert Hall, Joseph Lawson, William Crowell, and 
 William Crowell, Jr. 
 
 The financial afiairs of the church were managed 
 by a board of trustees until Aug. 29, 1880, when the 
 following persons were ordained deacons : George 
 McCartney, William I. Whigam, James Finley, and 
 John E. Kidd. 
 
 The present organization is as follows: Rev. Peter 
 H. Milliken, pastor; elders, Sidney Kidd, Joseph 
 Lawson, William Crowell, Robert Hall, and William 
 Crowell, Jr. ; deacons, George McCartney, William 
 I. Whigam, James Finley, and John E. Kidd. 
 
 The congregation is composed of 61 families and 
 118 members. 
 
 THE FIRST REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH, WALDEN, 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Feb. 14, 1870. 
 The pastor of the church was Rev. M. V. Schoon- 
 maker; the elders, William M. Snyder, William J. 
 Bradley, and J. G. Millspaugh; the deacons, T. L. 
 Millspaugli, Robert H. Sutcliff, John V. Tears, Joseph 
 Millspaugh. This recent date of the incorporation 
 does not indicate the age of the church, as sliown by 
 the following sketch furnished by the pastor. 
 
 Two churches preceded it, — the Protestant Epis- 
 copal, which was the first established church in 
 Walden, and afterwards a small Seceder Church, 
 which, failing in numbers and strength, fell into the 
 hands of the Methodist Society. 
 
 In the year 1830 the matter of building a Presby- 
 terian church was talked of Grounds were selected 
 as a suitable site at the junction of the properties 
 owned by Jesse Scofield, David Parshall, and Jacob 
 T. Walden, after whom the place is named. A deed 
 was executed to Cyrus Lyon and Cornelius Neatfie as 
 trustees. On soliciting subscriptions for the building 
 of a church, it was found that the community was 
 divided as to whether it should be a Presbyterian or 
 a Dutch Church, as ours was then called. It was de- 
 cided to build a church, and the name to be desig- 
 nated hereafter. The plot of ground comprised 
 about four acres, supposed to be sufficient for church, 
 parsonage, and burial-ground. A building committee 
 was appointed, composed of Jesse Scofield, A. F. 
 Scofield, Peter Neaffie, and Cornelius Neaffie. 
 
 In the summer of 1835 the foundation was laid. 
 In the fall of 1836 the building was inclosed, and the 
 basement so far finished as to be used for religious 
 service. In the year 1838 the building was completed, 
 and was solemnly dedicated to the worship of Almighty 
 God. The sermon on the occasion was preached 
 by Rev. Thomas Dewitt, D.D., of New York City. 
 Previous to this it had been decided by a majority of 
 votes that it should be a Reformed Dutch Church, 
 under the care of the Classis of Orange. Tlie church 
 is located on an eminence, and is designated from 
 
396 
 
 HISTOEY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 others in the village as " the church on the hill." It 
 is well and substantially built. Proportions, 70 feet 
 in length, 50 in breadth. Cost, .112,000, and will com- 
 fortably seat 500 persons. 
 
 The next 3'ear after the building of the church 
 steps were taken for building a parsonage on the pur- 
 chased grounds adjoining the church on the north. 
 Its cost was $.3000. In the year 1871 an addition was 
 made to the parsonage, making it a double house, at 
 an additional cost of $2000. 
 
 The church was organized with a membership of 
 twenty persons. The first consistory was composed 
 of Jesse Scofield and Barent Van Buren, elders ; Al- 
 exander Kidd and Peter Clearwater, deacons. 
 
 January, 1839, a call was presented to Rev. Jacob 
 C. Sears, but was declined. July, 1839, a call was 
 made upon Rev. John M. Scribner and accepted. ; 
 Mr. Scribner was pastor about two years and resigned. 
 
 April, 1842, a call was made u|>on Rev. Charles 
 Whitehead and accepted. Mr. Whitehead remained 
 pastor for seven years, under whose ministry the ; 
 church grew and was multiplied. He resigned March, 
 1849. June, 1849, a call was presented to Rev. Wil- 
 liam Brush and declined. August, 1849, a call was ^ 
 made upon Rev. M. V. Schoonmaker, then settled at 
 East New York, Long Island. After due considera- 
 tion this call was accepted, and on the 28th day of 
 August, 1849, Rev. M. V. Schoonmaker was duly in- 
 stalled as pastor of said church. He is pastor still, 
 having served the church for a period of thirty-one 
 years. 
 
 The following are the names of consistory at the 
 time of his call : P. B. Cromwell, T. T. Storm, J. D. 
 Coe, and Moses Smith, elders ; Robert Laird, J. G. 
 Wooley, and G. Van Arsdale, deacons. All of the 
 former have passed away. 
 
 The following are the present acting consistory : E. 
 W. Knapp, J. V. Tears, H. Suydam, A. Bateman, 
 elders ; Robt. Moore, J. Lefevre, P. Millspaugh, J. 
 Millspaugh, deacons. 
 
 The congregation numbers about 100 families and 
 200 communicants, with a Sabbath-school of 150 
 scholars. 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OP MONT- 
 GOMERY 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation July 7, 1832. 
 The proceedings were signed by Joshua Conger and 
 Benjamin Van Keuren. The trustees chosen were 
 Nathaniel P. Hill, Gideon Pelton, John C. Wilkin, 
 Robert S. Crawford, Charles Borland, Jr., and George 
 Eager. The corner-stone of the Presbyterian church 
 in the village of Montgomery was laid July 19, 1831, 
 by the Hon. Charles Borland, and an impressive ad- 
 dress was delivered on the occasion by the Rev. Ezra 
 Fisk, D.D., of Gosheu, accompanied with other solemn 
 religious services. 
 
 Aug. 27, 1832, the congregation voted to invite the 
 Rev. James O. Stokes to become their pastor. The 
 
 Presbytery refused to install him, and furthermore 
 the church at this time was not under the care of the 
 Presbytery. He served the church as temporary sup- 
 ply one year. 
 
 Oct. 2, 1832, a committee'of the Presbytery of Hud- 
 son, viz. : Rev. Charles Cummins, D.D., Rev. William 
 Timlow, and Rev. Daniel T. Wood proceeded to or- 
 ganize the Presbyterian Church in the village of 
 Montgomery. It consisted of 30 individuals, viz.; 
 Cyrus Lyon, Walter Mead, Saml. T. Scott, Benjamin 
 Van Keuren, Joshua Conger, Elizabeth Van Keuren, 
 Eve Miller, Isabella H. Borland, Mary Preston, Rhoda 
 Neaffie, Margaret Gridley, Rachel Chandler, Matilda 
 C. Hill, Jemima Parshall, Sarah Pelton, Sarah Mc- 
 Neal, Emily Weller, Ann Eliza McNeal, Hiram E. 
 Conger, John Boak, Jr., Samuel Bookstaver, John 
 Peache, Hiram Hays, John Kelly, Sarah Ann 
 Conger, Esther Hunter, Jane Lawson, Elizabeth 
 Eager, Stephen Gillespie. On the day of the organi- 
 zation, after sermon by the Rev. C. Cummins, D.D., 
 the above 30 persons, having presented their certifi- 
 cates of good standing and dismission from their re- 
 spective churches, were in due form constituted a 
 church of Jesus Christ, under the name of the Mont- 
 gomery (village) Presbyterian Church. 
 
 The following persons were elected ruling elders on 
 the same occasion, viz. : Cyrus Lyon, Walter Mead, 
 S. T. Scott, John Kelly, and John Boak, Jr. The 
 three last were ordained, the two first having held 
 office in other churches were not re-ordained. 
 
 The church and congregation were addressed on 
 the occasion by the Rev. W. Timlow, and the newly 
 elected elders by the Rev. D. T. \\'ood, after which, 
 by prayer and the imposition of hands, they were 
 duly constituted and installed over the flock which 
 the great Head of the church had appointed them t-o 
 superintend. 
 
 In March, 1834, Rev. Sheridan Guiteau was elected 
 pastor of the church, and was soon after installed ; 
 resigned his charge June 9, 1835. He was succeeded 
 by the Rev. Benj. B. Stockton, late of Leroy, N. Y. ; 
 he was installed July 28, 18.35, and resigned April, 
 1838. 
 
 April 26, 1838, the church extended a unanimous 
 call to the Rev. Elias R. Fairchild, of Hardyston, 
 N. J. He accepted, and was installed June 26, 1838. 
 His pastorate was Vjrief — one and a half years ; dis- 
 missed by the Presbytery Oct. 3, 1839. 
 
 Dec. 14, 1839, the Rev. Robt. G. Armstrong, of 
 Fishkill, N. Y., was elected pastor; he was installed 
 Feb. 5, 1840, and dismissed May, 1S41. 
 
 The Rev. William W. Newell, D.D., of Boston, was 
 unanimously elected Mr. Armstrong's successor. 
 
 Mr. Newell received the call Nov. 21, 1841 ; en- 
 tered upon his labors Jan. 4, 1842, and was installed 
 Feb. 2, 1842. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Newell's ministry was signalized by a re- 
 markable outpouring of the Spirit, — 102 received into 
 the church at one time, 92 by profession and 10 by 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 397 
 
 letter, and subsequently 48 by profession and 15 by 
 letter, making in the aggregate 165 as the crowning 
 glory of his ministry. 
 
 In August, 1842, Messrs. H. E. Conger, Abraham 
 Vail, and Theo. L. Jackson were inducted into the 
 ruling eldership of the church. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Newell resigned his charge Oct. 10, 1847. 
 
 In April, 1848, the people with one voice invited 
 the Rev. Dr. Fairchild to re-accept the pastorate of 
 the church. The unanimity and cordiality was such, 
 and his principal object being removed now in our 
 having a parsonage, the doctor accepted the call with 
 the clear and acknowledged understanding that the 
 congregation would wipe out their church debt. This 
 debt had run along from the foundation of the church, 
 — increased by $600 with the building of the parson- 
 age, — till now, with accumulated interest, it had risen 
 to the large sum of .i<2.S00. The debt was extinguished. 
 In the fall of 1849, Dr. Fairchild's health failing, he 
 spent the winter at the West to recuperate, hoping to 
 resume his ministry in the spring. 
 
 The congregation meanwhile at his suggestion had 
 employed Rev. Gideon N. Judd, D.D., of Catskill, 
 N. Y., as tem])orary supply. Dr. Judd labored with 
 great acceptance during the winter, and when the 
 spring came, and Dr. Fairchild reported himself as 
 no better prepared to resume his labors, the congre- 
 gation saw the way open to secure the services of 
 Dr. Judd as their future pastor. The call was made 
 and accepted, and he was installed Sept. 4, 1850. 
 
 Dr. Judd continued in his labors — " Warning every 
 man, and teaching every man, that he might be able 
 to present every man perfect before Christ Jesus" — 
 until the midnight cry came on March 3, 1860, to 
 come up higher. 
 
 In April, 1860, Dr. Fairchild undertook to resume 
 his labors, but his former indisjiosition returned upon 
 him, and he was obliged to resign his charge October, 
 1861. 
 
 Messrs. Alexander Beattie and Miller Van Keuren 
 were added to the beuch of elders at this time. April 
 7, 1862, Rev. Joseph M. McNulty was elected pastor; 
 after having served the church for six years, during 
 the troublous period of the war, he was dismissed by 
 the Presbytery at his own request, April 22, 1868. 
 
 Rev. Richard Bentley accepted the call of the con- 
 gregation July 8, 1868; he was installed Nov. 10, 
 1868, and dismissed by Presbytery November, 1871. 
 
 In January, 1873, Rev. John Ward, of Bloomfleld, 
 N. J., accepted the unanimous call of the congrega- 
 tion, and commenced his ministry. He was installed 
 May 22, 1873. Messrs. Ahial Decker, Alexander T. 
 Russell, D. M. Wade, F. Bodine, and Peter E. Miller 
 were inducted into the ruling eldership at this time. 
 
 Presbytery dissolved the pastoral relation between 
 Mr. Ward and the congregation April 19, 1875. 
 
 The present pastor. Rev. J. C. Forsythe, was in- 
 stalled Oct. 14, 1875. 
 
 The trustees (1880) are H. V. McNeal, Esq., George 
 
 Senior, Esq., John I. Decker, Esq., Samuel W. Eager, 
 Esq., John J. Van Keuren, James Vanderoef. 
 
 The elders are Ahial Decker, Theo. L. Jackson, 
 Daniel M. Wade, Fred. R. Bodine, Peter E. Miller. 
 
 The Sabbath-school of the Presbyterian Church 
 when first organized, in May, 1832, was distinctively 
 a village union school, all the evangelical Christians 
 of the village sustaining and being identified with 
 this benevolent home work. Its sessions were held in 
 the Academy Hall, and Dr. Peter A. Millspaugh was 
 its first superintendent. After a few years the Meth- 
 odist element was withdrawn to form a church and 
 society of their own. The sessions of the school were 
 removed to the auditorium of the church, and thence- 
 forth the complexion and identification of the school 
 was with the church, within whose hallowed walls its 
 sacred assemblages were held. 
 
 Hiram E. Conger, Esq., was the next superin- 
 tendent. He was followed by Elder B. Perkins, 
 H. B. Bull, Esq., Electus Douglass, Esq., and the 
 present incumbent, since 1872, is Elder F. Bodine. 
 The school averages 100 scholars, with 12 teachers. 
 
 The present officers are F. Bodine, superintendent; 
 P. E. Miller, vice-superintendent; B. B. Johnston, 
 librarian ; Daniel M. Wade, treasurer. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CUUKCH OF MONT- 
 GOMERY 
 
 eftected a legal organization April 25, 1829. The 
 proceedings were signed by Samuel Wait, chairman, 
 and the trustees chosen were Samuel Wait, Samuel 
 Birdsall, Stephen Woolsey, Joshua Marston, and 
 Edward Hanlon. 
 
 The church filed another certificate Oct. 8, 1831. 
 The proceedings are verified by Samuel Wait and 
 Edward Hanlon. The trustees chosen were Samuel 
 
 ' Wait, Edward Hanlon, John Knapp, Thomas Graham, 
 
 I and Silas R. Goodale. 
 
 In the year 1824 a new " two weeks' circuit" was 
 constituted of portions set off" from the Newburgh 
 and New Windsor Circuits, and called Blooming- 
 burgh Circuit. Noah Bigelow was appointed preacher 
 in charge, Daniel Ostrander at the time being pre- 
 siding elder. The stewards were William Wiggins, 
 
 I James Rumsey, and Daniel Wilson. The ensuing 
 
 ' year T. Kennedy was the preacher in charge, and 
 John Loughhead was ordained a local deacon. The 
 next year, 1826, Jarvis T. Nichols was appointed to 
 this circuit. There were then nine classes, as fol- 
 lows: Bethel First Class, Aaron Palmer, leader; 
 Bethel Second Class, Daniel C. Palmer, leader ; 
 Deerpark, William Wiggins, leader ; Middletown, 
 Charles Woolsey, leader; Outlet, I. Denton, leader; 
 Bloomingburgh, J. Loughhead, leader ; Burlingham, 
 
 [ ; Old Shawangunk, E. Niver, leader; Sam's 
 
 Point, R. Mance, leader. 
 
 ^ During the session of Conference in 1826, James 
 Kennedy, one of the stewards, died, and Charles 
 Wooley, of Middletown, was appointed in his stead. 
 
398 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNXy, NEW YORK. 
 
 The first mention of Montgomery found in the records 
 is in the minutes of a Quarterly Conference held at 
 Bethel Oct. 14, 1826, where, in the account of moneys 
 received, Montgomery i.s credited with one dollar. It 
 may be mentioned, however, that at the next Quar- 
 terly Meeting Montgomery was credited with $6.50, 
 and at the meeting of March 24, 1827, Montgomery 
 is credited with the largest amount on the li.st. The 
 first Quarterly Meeting for the year ] 827 is recorded 
 as being held at Burlingham, in Mr. Todd's barn, 
 July 21, 1827, Rev. Phineas Rice, president; J. T. 
 Nichols, circuit preacher; Isaac Ferris, missionary. 
 This year the Conference collections from the whole 
 circuit amounted to $6.50. In 1828, Bezaliel Howe 
 and Hiram Wing were the preachers. The first men- 
 tion of Walden and Coldenham as preaching-places 
 occurs during this year. 
 
 In 1829, B. Howe and J. W. Lefevre were the 
 preachers. The " table expenses" of the former were 
 estimated at §100, and of the latter at §50, whicJi was 
 probably in addition to the disciplinary allowance of 
 $200 to married and $100 to single men. 
 
 The great event of the year was the building of the 
 church at Montgomery. At the first Quarterly Con- 
 ference for the year, held at Bethel church July 4th, 
 a committee, consisting of " Brothers Birdsall, Todd, 
 and Couch," was ai)pointed to make an estimate of 
 the expenses of building a church in the village of 
 Montgomery. The deed conveying the site bears 
 date Aug. 15, 1829. It is from Stephen Preston and 
 Mary Preston to Samuel Wait, Samuel Birdsall, 
 Stephen Woolsey, Edward Hanlon, and Joshua 
 Marston, trustees. Samuel Wait was the leading 
 man in this enterprise. 
 
 In 1831 the jjreachers were E. Smith and Mr. 
 Lefevre. Conference that year resolved itself into 
 a "Sabbath-school Society." P. Rice was chosen 
 president, Rev. E. Smith vice-president, E. Todd 
 treasurer, and a board of managers consisting of R. 
 Westlake, E. Miers, A. Palmer, J. Walker, S. B. Os- 
 trander, J. Bushfield, N. Sullivan, R. Mance, N. Todd, 
 S. Martinus, P. Coleman, I. Denton. 
 
 At the Annual Conference of 1831 the name was 
 changed to Montgomery Circuit. Noah Sullivan was 
 this year recommended as a traveling preacher, and 
 Samuel Wait was chosen a steward. E. Smith and 
 H. Humphreys were the preachers. 
 
 J. Law and D. Holmes were the preachers in 1832. 
 A " Circuit Missionary Tract and Sunday-school So- 
 ciety" was formed this year, of which Samuel Wait 
 was secretary. In 1833, J. Law and D. B. Ostrander 
 were appointed to this circuit. Johnson Young was 
 elected a steward. The next year Hiram Wing and 
 Sylvester H. Clark were appointed preachers. 
 
 The parsonage at Montgomery was built in the fall 
 of this year. 
 
 These interesting details of the first work of Meth- 
 odism in this vicinity are taken from a sketch recorded 
 in a book now in possession of the pastor. 
 
 The present organization (December, 1880) consists 
 of Rev. H. C. Earl, pastor; Wm. H. Felter, leader; 
 George Overheiser, Thomas H. Senior, J. B. Lawson, 
 Daniel Jewell, Wm. McWhorter, James Laughlin, 
 Edward Knapp, stewards ; George Overheiser, Thomas 
 H. Senior, J. B. Lawson, Andrew Morehouse, John 
 A. Powell, Wm. H. Felter. The Sunday-school is 
 under the charge of the pastor. The members of the 
 church number about l(i0 ; Sunday-school attendance 
 about 140, with 500 volumes in the library. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF WALDEN 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation April 15, 
 18.50. The proceedings were signed by John T. Booth- 
 royd and Christopher Briggs. The trustees named in 
 the instrument were Christopher S. Briggs, John T. 
 Boothroyd, Lyman Fairchild, Philip B. Evans, Henry 
 H. McElheny. 
 
 Mr. A. H. Saxe furnishes the following account : 
 
 Previous to the year 1850 the Methodist Episcopal 
 Society of Walden comprised one or two " classes," 
 which were wont to meet for public service in a school- 
 house. They were under the pastoral care of the 
 preacher in charge of Montgomery, an adjoining vil- 
 lage. In the year above named, under the pastorate of 
 Rev. Humphrey Humphreys, the building known as 
 Beattie's church wius bought, and the first trustees 
 were elected. It continued in connection with Mont- 
 gomery until 1866, when by the action of Conference 
 it became an independent charge. In this year a par- 
 sonage was built, one of the most neat and substantial 
 in the district. 
 
 In 1870, under the pastorate of Rev. E. E. Pinney, 
 the church was greatly enlarged and beautified at an 
 expense of about $6000, and was rededicated, substan- 
 tially free from debt, Dec. 21, 1870, Dr. C. D. Foss 
 (now bishop) preaching the dedicatory sermon. After 
 the evening service, conducted by Rev. W. P. Abbott, 
 additional sums were raised. 
 
 Below is a tabular statement of pastors from 1850, 
 while connected with Montgomery : 1850, Rev. Hum- 
 phrey Humphreys ; 1852, Rev. J. C. Washburn ; 1854, 
 
 Rev." Stout; 1856, Rev. J. Millard ; 1858, Rev. 
 
 D. B. Turner; 1859, Rev. A. C. Fields; 1861, Rev. J. 
 W. Jones ; 1863, Rev. J. W. Breakey ; 1865, Rev. M. 
 Van Deusen. 
 
 As an independent station : 1866, Rev. A. H. Saxe ; 
 1868, Rev. I. Croft ; 1870, Rev. E. E. Pinney ; 1873, 
 Rev. David Phillips; 1876, Rev. J. Millard; 1879, 
 Rev. Z. N. Lewis (present incumbent, 1880). 
 
 The present organization consists of Rev. Z. N. 
 Lewis, pastor; Wm. H. Dawson, Caleb Birch, George 
 Root, Henry Matthews, Philip Van Buren, John 
 Whitehead, A. S. Tears, John S. Taylor, stewards ; 
 Wm. W. Snyder, James M. Walker, John S. Taylor, 
 A. H. Saxe, Jacob Brodwell, J. Thomas Andrews, 
 Samuel Robinson, trustees; James M. Walker, super- 
 intendent of Sunday-school. 
 
 The church numbers 230 members. 
 
MONTGOMEKY. 
 
 399 
 
 The Sunday-school attendance is nearly as large, i 
 the work being very interesting and well sustained. 
 There is a library of about 500 volumes. 
 
 THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY NAME OF MARY 
 (Catholic), in the village of Montgomery, was in- 
 corporated Oct. 1, 1870. The trustees who executed i 
 the certificate were Eev. John McCloskey, arch- 
 bishop ; Kev. William Starr, vicar-general ; Rev. 
 Hugh S. O'Hare, pastor; and two laymen, Owen 
 Early and Patrick Gannon. 
 
 No statistics have been received from this cliurch 
 in reply to our inquiries before going to press. The 
 society has a house of worship of convenient size and 
 arrangement. The congregation is efficiently led by 
 the pastor, and the church doubtless has a future of 
 great success before it. 
 
 VIII.-BUEIAL-PLACES. 
 
 If an entire volume for this town were being written 
 instead of a single chapter in a county history, the 
 old burial-places could be drawn upon for many in- 
 teresting data. We can only briefly mention the lo- 
 cation of some of them as a clue to such further study 
 as any one may desire to make. 
 
 The old burial-place of St. Andrew's Church is in 
 the neighborhood where the house of worship for- 
 merly stood, and the ownership of the ground is re- 
 tained by the church. It is cared for to some extent 
 as a place of sacred memories. 
 
 At Goodwill Church the old burial-place should 
 furnish many important dates, settlement at that 
 point dating back to 1725-30 beyond any doubt. 
 This ground is also owned by the church, which is 
 able to give to it that loving care for the memory of 
 the early families that mere public grounds without 
 special ownership too often fail to receive. 
 
 The Coldenham burial-ground dates back to about 
 the same period. 
 
 The old ground of the Reformed Church, Mont- 
 gomery village, must also be considered about as 
 early a place of burial, for the church dates from 1732. 
 
 Other burial-places are as follows: the remains of 
 one near the Reformed Church in Walden village, 
 the one known as the Methodist Cemetery in the 
 same village, the Berea graveyard, the new one of 
 the Reformed Church, Montgomery, the Presby- 
 terian at Montgomery, and there are doubtless many 
 other places where one or more of the dead were 
 buried in the old times, when private burial was so 
 common on farms here and there throughout a new 
 country. 
 
 THE WALLKILL VALLEY CEMETERY ASSOCIATION, 
 
 at Walden, was organized at a meeting held Sept. 9, 
 1865, at the office of Scofield, Capron & Co. Egbert 
 Millspaugh was appointed chairman, and Augustus F. 
 Scofield secretary. The trustees chosen were James 
 Todd, Henry Bergen, William J. Embler, Egbert 
 
 Millspaugh, Stephen Rapalye, Augustus F. Scofield, 
 Levi L. Gowdy, Henry Suydam, and Seth M. Capron. 
 The proceedings were verified by the officers before 
 John L. Hart, justice of the peace, September 9th, 
 and recorded September 15th. 
 
 This association have a handsomely-situated ceme- 
 tery a mile southwest of old St. Andrew's burying- 
 ground. The grounds have been laid out with care, 
 many fine monuments are erected, and much care is 
 evidently being given to the proper adornment of 
 the grounds. 
 
 IX.-TOAVN SOCIETIES, BANKS, INCORPOKA- 
 
 TIONS, Etc. 
 
 MASONIC. 
 It is understood that there was an early lodge, 
 dating back to 1800 ; that it was removed afterwards 
 to Tuthilltown, Ulster Co., and was there dissolved. 
 (See General History.) 
 
 COURT ORANGE, No. 6231, A. 0. F. 
 
 This organization was formed June 1, 1876, and 
 now numbers about 70 members, and is in a very 
 prosperous condition. This order is beneficial and 
 benevolent, and is said to have been instituted about 
 the middle of the eighteenth century (1745), and is 
 now established in many parts of the world. Its uni- 
 versal character, together with its superior financial 
 system of management under one central government, 
 with subsidiary districts and subordinate controlling 
 bodies, has secured its stability of character and 
 maintained its continuous growth in wealth and mem- 
 bership until it has reached the following conditions: 
 
 There are 541,509 benefit or regularly contributing 
 members, and 12,531 honorary members ; in all, 
 554,040. The different branches are styled " courts." 
 There is one High Court of the order, two subsidiary 
 High Courts (the one in the United States now located 
 in the city of New York), 290 district courts, and 
 4514 subordinate courts, situate in the United States, 
 Canadas, England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Austra- 
 lia, Bermuda, IJast and West Indies, Gibraltar, Malta, 
 New Zealand, St. Helena, South Africa, Peru, and in 
 other parts of the world. 
 
 The benefits disbursed for the year ending Dec. 31,- 
 1879, were as follows: Sick benefits, $1,602,379.06; 
 funeral allowances, .W40,478.27 ; benevolence to dis- 
 tressed members, $68,265.08; total, $2,111,122.41. 
 
 The subordinate court funds at the end of the year 
 1879 amounted to $12,387,775, and the district (an 
 intermediate governing body) court funds, $1,570,140 ; 
 total, $13,957,915. 
 
 The primary objects of a court of Ancient Foresters 
 are to guarantee its members, 1, a weekly allowance 
 in sickness ; 2, to furnish medicine and the services 
 of a physician without cost ; 3, to the comfort of 
 members when sick or in affliction ; 4, to provide re- 
 lief in time of adversity and distress ; 5, to supply a 
 specific sum for the burial of members and members' 
 
400 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 wives ; 6, an endowment for the widow and orphan 
 or nearest of l^in. The fulfillment of these objects 
 has won the gratitude and appreciation of a vast 
 number of members, their families, and relatives 
 during the existence of the order, many of whom 
 least expected to require or realize its advantages 
 when joining the fraternity. 
 
 The following have been the officers qf Court Orange 
 since its organization : 
 
 June, 1876. — John McNamara, C. R. ; Wm; Smith, 
 S. C. R. ; Benj. Brown, Treas. ; Thos. Meekin, Sec; 
 Moses Hatch, S. W. ; James Lyle, J. W. ; James Wil- 
 kinson, S. B. ; John Bamforth, J. B. 
 
 January, 1877. — John McNamara, C. R. ; John 
 Weller, S. C. R. ; Benj. Brown, Treas.; Thos. Meekin, 
 Sec. 
 
 June, 1877. — Benj. Brown, C. R; James Wilkinson, 
 S. C. R. ; John W. Weller, Treas. ; Thomas Meekin, 
 Sec. 
 
 January, 1878.— John W. Weller, C. R. ; Saml. 
 Jackson, S. C. R. ; James Wilkinson, Treas. ; Thos. 
 Meekin, Sec. 
 
 January, 1879. — Sidney Van Auken, C. R. ; Alex. 
 Butters, S. C. R. ; Alexander Kent, Treas. ; Thos. 
 Meekin, Sec. 
 
 January, 1880.— C. A. Wright, C. R. ; Fred. Bing- 
 ley, S. C. R. ; Samuel Barrett, Treas. ; Thos. Meekin, 
 Sec. 
 
 July, 1880.— C. A. Wright, C. R. ; Thos. Butter.s, 
 S. C. R. ; Chas. E. Crofts, Treas. ; Thos. Meekin, F. 
 S. ; John H. Vandemark, R. S. ; C. Smaltz, S. W. ; 
 Curtis Fairchild, J. W. ; Wm. Gates, S. B. ; J. G. 
 Cadhil, J. B. 
 
 TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES. 
 
 Various organizations have existed in town from 
 time to time, but they have disappeared, each doubt- 
 less having done something tow.ards moulding public 
 sentiment and training up the young in the ways of 
 virtue. At present the Women's Christian Temper- 
 ance Unions and the Reform Clubs of Walden and 
 Montgomery are the principal active societies. Their 
 frequent meetings and their praiseworthy attempts to 
 open free reading-rooms constitute the principal work 
 of the present time. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 The first banking business done in Walden was by 
 the firm of Lefevre & De Garmo about 1870. They 
 kept a private banking-office for a year or two. After 
 they closed up there were no banking fiicilities for 
 some time. Stoddard, Downs & Rutherford then 
 opened business under the name of " The Exchange 
 Bank of Walden," Nov. 24, 1873. They continued in 
 business under that name until April 26, 1877, when 
 they closed up, having done a safe and successful 
 business for three years and a half. It was believed 
 that the time had come to establish banking upon a 
 more permanent basis, and therefore, prior to the close 
 of the Exchange Bank and in anticipation of such 
 
 close, the National Bank of Walden was organized, 
 March 5, 1877. The business of the previous institu- 
 tion was changed to the new organization as soon as 
 practicable. The first board of directors were .John 
 C. Scofield, president ; George W. Stoddard, vice- 
 president ; W. G. Rutherford, cashier ; John Kidd, 
 Henry Bergen, John V. Tears, S. M. Capron, A. Bate- 
 man, D. B. Squires. The present handsome build- 
 ing, three stories in height and built of brick, was 
 erected for banking purposes before 1870, and is now 
 owned by the Walden National Bank. They have 
 since their occupancy constructed a first-class fire- 
 proof and burglar-proof vault. It is one of the best 
 in the State, with all the modern improvements, includ- 
 ing a chronometer lock. The rooms are pleasant and 
 convenient. The present board of directors is but 
 slightly changed from that of 1877. It comprises 
 John C. Scofield, president; George W. Stoddard, 
 vice-president; W. G. Rutherford, cashier; John 
 Kidd, Henry Bergen, D. B. Squires, J. M. Wilkin, 
 Jacob Tears, J. A. Crawford. 
 
 The discounts at present date exceed $120,000. The 
 deposits are over $100,000. Dividends are declared 
 semi-annually, and there is an undivided surplus of 
 $3000. It may be added as proof of the careful and 
 successful management that not a dollar has been 
 lost in the loans of four years. 
 
 The Walden Savings Bank was organized 
 under a charter dated April 25, 1872. The first trus- 
 tees were Seth M. Capron, William E. Gowdy, D. 
 Wortman Rapalje, John S. Taylor, Tliomas J. Brad- 
 ley, Thomas Hepper, Henry Bergen, D. M. Wade, 
 Jonathan Hawkins, A. Deyo Bevier, Daniel D. 
 DuBois, William H. De Garmo, Marcus K. Hill, James 
 G. Terbell, James Todd, George Weller, John V. 
 Tears ; and the first officers were Seth M. Capron, 
 president; Thomas J. Bradley, first vice-president; 
 George Weller, Sr., second vice-president; Peter Le- 
 fevre, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 Mr. Capron continued in the office of president 
 until his death, Nov. 30, 1878. He was succeeded by 
 George Weller, Sr., the present incumbent. Peter 
 Lefevre served as secretary and treasurer about a 
 year and a half He was succeeded by Joseph G. 
 Millspaugh. His son, Martin L. Millspaugh, was 
 the next secretary and treasurer. He was succeeded 
 by the present incumbent, George W. Stoddard. The 
 place of business is in the rooms of the Walden 
 National Bank. The first depositor was John R. 
 Hays. The deposits now exceed $135,000, and the 
 surplus is over $60,000. 
 
 The present organization (December, 1880) com- 
 prises the following officers : George Weller, presi- 
 dent ; John Kidd, first vice-president ; John V. Tears, 
 second vice-president ; George W. Stoddard, secretary 
 and treasurer; B. R. Champion, attorney (Goshen). 
 Trustees, George Weller, John V. Tears, Daniel M. 
 Wade, elected April, 1872; Moses Littell, elected 
 January, 1873 ; Joseph Rowland, Jacob Tears, elected 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 401 
 
 November, 1873 ; John Kidd, elected August, 1874 ; 
 Frederick Bodine, elected December, 1876 ; Robert 
 Ashby, elected January, 1877 ; John R. Hays, elected 
 June, 1877 ; Theron L. Millspaugh, elected January, 
 1880 ; Hiram B. Wooster, Jacob Van Steenburgh, 
 elected March, 1880. 
 
 THE INSURANCE AGENCY, 
 by the officers of the National Bank, is a large and 
 important business, aflbrding insurance facilities to 
 Montgomery and adjacent towns. A line of strong 
 companies is represented. The lowest rates possible 
 for safe insurance are given, and all losses are 
 promptly adjusted. 
 
 X.— PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEREST. 
 The High Falls at Walden in the earlier years, 
 when the volume of the stream was greater than in 
 modern times, were very noted. They are still ro- 
 mantic and attractive, though the primeval forests 
 on their banks were long since cut away, and for a 
 century or more the whirling waters have been com- 
 pelled to minister to the wants of man. xVnother 
 writer says : 
 
 "The fall is about furty feet, not perpendicular but in an angle of 
 about forty-five degrees. When the stream is full of water the sight is 
 beautiful beyond deacription, and is increased in grandeur by the re- 
 sistance of its rocky and irregular descent. At every step the foaming 
 flood is met by some obstructiug rock, which throws the rush of water 
 in another direction, there again to be impeded in its downward course 
 and forced aside by the mighty pressure from above. Thus struggling 
 from rock to rock, deep buried by the headlong torrent, the flood, in 
 tones of thunder, meets the abyss below, and plunging deep comes boil- 
 ing up throughout the miglity cauldron, and in whirling eddies flows on 
 its way. The roar of this waterfall in the vicinity is almost deafening for 
 a little while, and the view of it from both sides of the stream, which at 
 this place are high, is truly grand and magnificent. The abyss below is 
 really frightful at such a time, yet directly over it, at the foot of this 
 fall, the first settlers built a bridge, which remained there till the site 
 was changed to that of Galatian's Mill.^' 
 
 INDIAN LOCALITIES. 
 
 On the east bank of the Wallkill, on the line be- 
 tween the towns of Montgomery and Wallkill, and on 
 the farm of Daniel Rogers, deceased, there was an 
 Indian settlement. The land at this location, and for 
 some distance around, was cleared, and full-grown 
 apple-trees flourishing when first visited by the white 
 immigrants. Some of the trees were standing for many 
 years. 
 
 On the flat, just above the bridge across the Wall- 
 kill, near Mr. John Miller's, and below where the old 
 Miller stone house stood, there was another settle- 
 ment. They were there when Johannes Miller planted 
 his shanty on the hill above them. Of these there is 
 no tradition worth recording, except that they were 
 friendly, and not many years after the settlement be- 
 gan to leave, and were all gone several years before 
 the war. 
 
 On the farm of Mr. Stuftie Mould, on the main road 
 from Montgomery to Albany, near the residence of 
 Samuel Hunter, Esq., there was a third Indian loca- 
 tion. This clan was quite numerous. They broke 
 
 up and left about 1775. A .squaw of this clan, by as- 
 sociation with the family of Mr. Mould, had become 
 partially civilized, and did not wish to go. She had 
 made herself useful to the family in many ways, and 
 they wi.shed to keep her. To accomplish tliis, with 
 the consent of Mr. Mould, she hid herself somewhere 
 about the house. The Indians in looking over their 
 members missed her, and knowing her intimacy with 
 the family instantly suspected that she did not want 
 to leave, and had secreted herself till they should 
 remove. To obtain her they surrounded the house 
 for several nights in succession, made all kinds of 
 hideous noise, demanding the absent squaw. At last 
 Mr. Mould concluded that if she was not produced 
 and given up, the Indians, as they were about to 
 leave, would as soon break friendship for cause as 
 not, and in the excitement of the moment might 
 murder the family, he produced her, and they left 
 never to return. 
 
 OLD HOMESTEADS. 
 
 The following list of old historic homesteads was 
 given by Mr. Eager in 1846. The description is of 
 recent date enough to still indicate the location of 
 such as remain or the site of those which have been 
 removed : 
 
 The Rockafeller house, near the village of Mont- 
 gomery, known as " The Camp." 
 
 The stone Hedden house, near the Goodwill 
 church. 
 
 The Charles Booth house, owned in later years by 
 Lewis Booth, on the road from Neelytown to Camp- 
 bell Hall (town of Hamptonburgh). 
 
 The Henry Van Keuren stone house, near Good- 
 will church, owned by Dr. James Van Keuren in 
 modern times. 
 
 Hans Youngblood's stone house, near the Muddy 
 Kill, where there was a German school in 1761. 
 
 TheWillhelmus Smith house, built in 1759 of stone 
 drawn from Comfort Hill. They would draw a day 
 or two, then mend the roads for a day or two. It was 
 owned in after-years by Hendrick Smith. 
 
 The house known as the Beemer place, on the 
 State road. 
 
 The old house at Neelytown built by William 
 Eager, owned in later times by Mr. Mulford. 
 
 The old house at Neelytown built by James Mc- 
 Cobb, subsequently owned by James Jackson, and 
 later by Mr. Sherwood. 
 
 The old house where Rev. Robert Annan lived dur- 
 ing the Revolution, and owned in later years by Fos- 
 ter Smith. 
 
 The old stone house built by Lieutenant-Governor 
 Colden. 
 
 XI.-INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. 
 This town is well adapted to successful agriculture. 
 Its surface is pleasantly diversified with hills and with 
 rolling uplands. There is also valuable meadow land. 
 
402 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 While there are handsome elevations, there is no erai- ! 
 nence of height sufficient to be called a mountain. 
 
 The meadows are extensive and productive; the | 
 plow-lands are warm and fertile. Considerable wheat 
 was formerly raised. The valley of the Wallkill in 
 this and other towns near is favorable to a varied sys- 
 tem of farming. It is productive in pasturage and 
 mowing, and also capable, if judiciously managed, ! 
 of yielding excellent crops of grain. ' 
 
 There is an abundant supply of pure water fur- , 
 nished by numerous springs, brooks, and rivulets. 
 
 The last few years have witnessed an immense de- 
 velopment of dairy products, more especially in the 
 direct sale of milk daily to New York City. It 
 is difficult to obtain statistics to fully show the mag- 
 nitude of this trade. It is reported that the milk 
 trains on the railroads pay the companies better profit 
 than any other class of trains. 
 
 The Wallkill River is a durable stream, and running 
 through the town from south to north, furnishes ex- 
 tensive hydraulic power at many points on its course. 
 The fishing was formerly of considerable value as a 
 source of profit. Delicious eels and catfish abounded. 
 The muddy waters of the Drowned Lands were favor- 
 able to their growth. They were taken in various 
 ways, but principally by rude dams of stone thrown 
 across the kill, in which was set a rock at the point 
 where the water issues from the dam. At the mills 
 these rocks were set in the race-ways below the mills, 
 and are said to have been taken by wagon-loads and 
 sold in this and neighboring towns. 
 
 The soil of the town in the vicinity of Montgomery 
 and St. Andrews consists of loam and sand ; in other 
 parts, loam and gravel of good depth. Upon the 
 eastern slope of the Comfort Hills are many excellent 
 farms. Through a valley which skirts their base 
 flows the Muddy Kill, draining oft' to the Wallkill 
 any surplus waters. There is very little land in 
 Montgomery that cannot be cultivated. 
 
 Under the old drainage law, passed for the benefit 
 of Orange and Duchess Counties, the people availed 
 themselves of its provisions with considerable vigor 
 until any bog meadow or wet lowlands were thor- 
 oughly reclaimed. 
 
 The soil is well adapted to fruit. Valuable orchards 
 were planted sixty years ago or more by Robert 
 Griffith, John Miller, Andrew Graham, and others. 
 The production of fruit has sometimes been large, 
 though not competing with the valuable fruit regions 
 of Western New York, or in later years of Michigan. 
 
 As in other towns, the style of farming has changed 
 somewhat under the later method of sending milk 
 direct to the New York market. By the Wallkill 
 Valley Railroad the town enjoys easy and prompt 
 connection riot only with the larger villages of the 
 county, but with the great metropolis. 
 
 The bonding of the town may have seemed to some 
 a rash step, and the creation of a great burden of 
 debt; but the advantages to be considered on the 
 
 other hand are very many. Doubtless if the citizens 
 could now abolish the debt by abolishing the railroad, 
 they would still vote to pay the debt and enjoy the 
 present railroad facilities. Indeed, men who had 
 opposed bonding, in advertising farms to sell soon 
 after, named their nearness to railroad stations as 
 enhancing immensely the value of the real estate. 
 
 ORANGE COUNTY SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL 
 AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE. 
 
 " The design of this Institute is to afford the most efficient means for 
 the acquisition of a combined scientific and practical knowledge of 
 agriculture. 
 
 " A number of farmei-8 residing in the same neighborhood in the town 
 of Montgomery, from seven to nine miles west of Newburgh, having 
 united under a written contract one with the other to become instructors 
 to such pupils as may be committed to their care thnnigh the under- 
 signed, their officers, present the Institute to the attention of the 
 public. 
 
 " Each pupil will be under the practical instruction of the member of 
 the association witli wliom he may reside. 
 
 " The scientific instruction will be under the care of Mr. James Dar- 
 rach, a graduate of Yale College, a gentleman of scientific attainments, 
 and, in common with his associates, a holder of his own plow. 
 
 "Tliis pait of the institution will embrace most of tlie academic 
 studies, natural history, and the principles of agricultural economy. 
 
 "The peculiarity of this Institute which recommends it to parents is, 
 that the practical instruction will be given by practical farmers, whose 
 duty and interest compel them to attend to the economy as well ae the 
 management of a farm. 
 
 " It presents also the following features: family discipline and care; 
 constant companionship with tlie instructors; varied husbandry and 
 soil which the pupils will be constantly directed to observe and compare. 
 In the neighborhood are places of woi-siiip within convenient distance 
 for all to attend, — Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Reformed Dutch, Scotch 
 Presbyterian, and Methodist. 
 
 "Terms : ^125 per annum for tuition and board, payable semi-annually 
 in advance. 
 
 " Slail and other stages that pass over the Newburgli and Cochectou 
 Turnpike connect our places daily with Newburgh. 
 
 " Enquiries and applications may be addressed to either of the under- 
 signed at Coldenham, Orange Co., N. Y. 
 
 LlNHLEV MUREAY FERRIS, Preset. 
 " Samuel Wait, Jr., Sec?-etor7/," 
 
 At the opening of this institution on May 20, 1846, 
 an introductory lecture was delivered by Professor 
 James Darrach, on the nature and object of the insti- 
 tution, mode of instruction, etc., and widely circu- 
 lated at the time. 
 
 THE WOOLEN-FACTORY AT WALDEN 
 
 was established in 1823 by Jesse Scofield and Dr. 
 Capron. It was then styled the Franklin Company, 
 and the old name may still be seen over the arched 
 entrance. They continued the business down to about 
 1844. The firm was then changed to Scofield, Capron 
 & Co., composed of Augustus F. Scofield, Seth M. 
 Capron, and L. L. Gowdy. They continued until the 
 death of the latter, in June, 1871. They were run 
 for a month longer under the same firm-name when 
 the senior partner, A. F. Scofield, died. This death 
 brought about a dissolution of the firm. A reorgan- 
 ization took place under the firm-name of Townsend, 
 Gowdy & Co., who remained in the business for about 
 three years. They were succeeded by S. M. Holmes 
 & Co., who only operated the mill for one year. The 
 next proprietor was R. N. Kitchen, who continued for 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 403 
 
 a short time when the business passed into the hands 
 of the present proprietors, Perry, Bartow & Wheeler, 
 who are doing a large and successful business. The 
 woolen-factory has for more than fifty years been a 
 marked feature of AValden, and one of the early sources 
 of its substantial growth. It brought uumy opera- 
 tives to settle here, and its early proprietors contributed 
 largely to the business success of the village. The 
 ]iresent firm are giving careful management to the 
 enterprise, and operating the mills with energy and 
 skill. The line of manufacture consists of woolen I 
 goods generally, cloths and fancy cassimeres receiving 
 .special attention. About eighty hands are employed 
 and the works are run night and day. The present 
 firm have only operated them since January, 1879. ! 
 The buildings are large, substantial structures of 
 .stone. The water privilege is valuable and perma- 
 nent. Buildings or tenements for employes are built 
 in the same style as the factory. 
 
 THE NEW YORK KNIFE COMPANY, 
 located at Walden, have one of the largest cutlery es- 
 tablishments in the United States. Situated just at 
 the falls of the Wallkill, they own the first right to 
 that magnificent water privilege. The company was 
 organized in 1852, and founded a cutlery business at 
 Matteawan, Duchess Co. 
 
 In 1856 they removed to Walden, and purchased the 
 old building, which had been standing vacant for some 
 years, formerly a cotton-factory. This building has 
 been at various times enlarged, improved, and fitted 
 up with the best modern machinery. The officers 
 of the company are Thomas W. Bradley, president 
 and treasurer; Joseph Rowland, vice-president ; and 
 John Best, secretary. The line of work consists of 
 table and pocket cutlery of every variety, style, and 
 value. They employ about two hundred and fifty 
 hands, and manufacture in a single year 1,600,000 
 finished pieces. Mr. Bradley, the president, superin- 
 tends the entire business. His personal history is in- 
 teresting. Leaving his lucrative business in 1862, he 
 enlisted as a private in Company H, of the One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-fourth ; rose steadily through the 
 official grades to the position of captain, and was bre- 
 vetted lieutenant-colonel as a recognition by Congress 
 of gallant services before Petersburg. Since the war 
 he has had important military positions under the 
 State authorities, closing his services in that line as 
 lieutenant-colonel and assistant adjutant-general under 
 Governor Tilden. He was also member of Assembly 
 in 1875 and 1876. 
 
 THE WALDEN CONDEN.SED MILK COMPANY 
 was organized by a certificate executed April 20, 1864. 
 The capital stock was determined to consist of $50,000, 
 divided into five hundred shares of $100 each. The 
 trustees named in this instrument were Frank J. 
 Kagc, Henry W. Alden, and Homer A. Kidd. 
 
 This enterprise was carried on for two or three 
 years and then reorganized under the name of 
 
 THE HIGHLAND CONDENSED MILK COMPANY, 
 which filed a certificate of incorporation March 17, 
 1865. The objects of the association were stated as 
 follows : " The manufacture and sale of milk and 
 eggs in a concentrated or condensed form." The trus- 
 tees named were Frank J. Kage, Homer A. Kidd, 
 Jesse Scofleld, Charles D. Wooley, and Henry W. 
 Alden. The capital stock was determined at $50,000, 
 to be divided into five hundred shares of $100 each. 
 
 A few years later the milk business was discon- 
 tinued, and the buildings were devoted to the use 
 of the Walden Soap- Works. 
 
 THE BRICKYARD AT WALDEN. 
 
 This was established in 1868 by the present pro- 
 prietor, James Gowdy. The clay proved to be of 
 excellent quality. Mr. Gowdy's facilities for manu- 
 facturing are convenient and extensive. The line of 
 work is confined to the manufacture of common 
 brick. The average number of hands employed is 
 20, and the capacity of the yard is about 2,000,000 
 per year. Mr. Gowdy is supplying brick to a large 
 extent of country, but more directly to the village of 
 Walden. It was said of Napoleon that he found Paris 
 brick but left it marble. Mr. Gowdy found Walden 
 wood, but will leave it brick, judging by the change 
 of twelve years. 
 
 THE WALDEN KNIFE COMPANY. 
 
 This was organized as a co-operative association in 
 1870, and was carried on until 1874 under that ar- 
 rangement, when it became a joint-stock association. 
 At the first organization W. E. Gowdy was president, 
 E. Whitehead secretary, and Milton B. Tears super- 
 intendent. The officers of the joint-stock association 
 are J. S. Taylor, president; G. Weller, Jr., vice-presi- 
 dent and treasurer; A. H. Saxe, secretary ; E. White- 
 head, manager. The line of work is exclusively pocket 
 cutlery, of which from six hundred to eight hundred 
 different styles are made. The company employ 125 
 hands. The buildings are those of the Giles Andrews 
 Woolen-Mills. The knife company remodeled them 
 and adapted them to their purposes. 
 
 Mr. A. H. Saxe adds the following : 
 
 The mill now occupied by the Walden Knife Com- 
 pany was built in the year 1827-28, and run by what 
 was known as the Orange Company as a woolen-cloth 
 factory. In 1837, Henry DuBois acquired the title to 
 the property. In 1845, DuBois sold out to Wm. C. 
 Langley, who two months later sold out to Giles An- 
 drews and John Bradbury. In 1853, Giles Andrews 
 acquired the title to the whole, buying out his partner, 
 Bradbury. 
 
 The mill was run continuously by him as a satinet 
 factory until his death in 1869, and his widow, Mrs. 
 Lucy Andrews, continued the business until she sold 
 the property to Jonathan Wailes in 1873. The title, 
 however, lapsed to her in a couple of years, and in 
 1875 she conveyed the property to the present owner.s, 
 the Walden Knife Company. 
 
404 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Upon the history of the buildings occupied by this 
 company we have the following additional facts : 
 
 June, 1825, James Clark & Co. (firm, James Clark, 
 John J. Galatian, Erwin Galatian, and James Gala- 
 tian) sold the property to the Orange Company. 
 Members of that comjniny were James Clark, John J. 
 Galatian, E^rvvin Galatian, James Hall, and Francis 
 Watson. Levi L. Gowdy, about the year 1829, be- 
 came a member by taking stock in the company. 
 About the year 1832 the factory was burnt, and imme- 
 diately rebuilt larger. About the years 183:-! or 1834, 
 George Weller became a member of the company by 
 purchasing the stock of John J. Galatian, deceased. 
 About the year 1840 the Orange Company sold the 
 mill and all their interest to Henry DuBois. After 
 the sale the manufacturing business was carried on 
 by the firm of DuBois, Galatian & Co., then changed 
 to DuBois & Gowdy. They remained in business a 
 short time and dissolved. Mr. Gowdy, after the dis- 
 solution, connected himself with A. F. Scofield and 
 S. M. Capron, under the firm-name of Scofield, Capron 
 & Co., in the woolen business. Soon after, Mr. DuBois 
 sold the property to Wm. C. Langley, of the city of 
 New York. Mr. Langley, aboiit the year 1845, sold 
 the property to Giles Andrews and John Bradbury. 
 They occupied the property a number of years, when 
 they dissolved. Giles Andrews bought out Mr. Brad- 
 bury's interest. He (Andrews) carried on the busi- 
 ness down to the time of his death (1869). He be- 
 queathed all the property to his wife, Lucy Andrews. 
 She continued the same business for some time, be- 
 came blind, then sold it to Jonathan Wailos, May 1, 
 1873. He had the property in possession to February, 
 1875. Finding it difiicult to meet the payments, he 
 gave it up again to Mrs. Andrews. Some time after 
 she took possession Mrs. Andrews sold it to the Walden 
 Knife Company. 
 
 THE WALDEN FILE-WORKS 
 are a new enterprise, Taylor Brothers & Co. They 
 have erected spacious and convenient buildings near 
 the railroad, one 28 by 33, on« 12 by 47, one 12 by 
 26, and one 15 by 22. They are opposite the steam 
 grist-mill, and the power for the file-works is fur- 
 nished by the engine in the mill. The buildings are 
 fitted up with the best modern machinery. Work 
 was commenced Jan. 1, 1880. About 30 hands are 
 employed, and the enterprise bids fair to be re- 
 munerative to the proprietors and an important 
 addition to the village of Walden. 
 
 THE STEAM FLOXIRINIJ-MILL 
 at Walden was built about 1873 by Terbell & Bate- 
 man, and run by them a few years, when the pro- 
 prietorship was changed to A. Bateman & Co., and 
 in 1875 to Taylor & Bateman. Mr. Bateman died 
 Feb. 29, 1880, but the business is still conducted 
 under the same firm-name. The mill does custom- 
 work extensively, and also flouring for shijjment. 
 
 THE MOXTGOMERY WOOLEX-MILL 
 is located some distance below Montgomery village, 
 on the Wallkill. It was established many years ago, 
 and has a varied history involving several changes 
 of proprietors. It is now operated by the firm of 
 Crabtrce & Patchin. The line of work is worsted 
 braid to a great extent. Formerly bunting was man- 
 ufactured there. The buildings are large, the water- 
 power is lasting, and the property has been considered 
 a valuable one, and is so at the present time. 
 
 TITUS & STRATTON'S GRIST-MILL, 
 at Montgomery, is an old affair. The building is 
 large and substantial. It is the successor of the early 
 mills of Revolutionary times, mentioned elsewhere, 
 and was known for a long time as the Luquer Mill. 
 
 WALKER'S PAPER-MILL. AT MONTGOMERY, 
 opposite the above grist-mill, is an important enter- 
 prise. It is now operated with great activity, a large 
 number of hands are employed, and the quality of 
 the paper made compares favorably with any of the 
 same line in market. 
 
 THE NEW YORK CONDENSED MILK COMPANY 
 are just establishing a branch in this town north of 
 the village of Walden. The buildings now being 
 erected are very extensive, and it is understood that 
 a cost of nearly $200,000 is being incurred. The 
 works are intended to receive the milk of 5000 cows. 
 This is the third branch established by the company. 
 John G. Borden is the president ; James P. Niblo is 
 the contractor. The material used in the erection is 
 brick, of which it is estimated 900,000 will be used, 
 and they are furnished from the brick-works of J. 
 Gowdy, Walden. It is expected that some 80 hands 
 will be employed, and thus 20 tenements will be 
 erected for the employes. 
 
 CREAMERIES. 
 There are two in the town, (me at Montgomery vil- 
 lage and one at Coldenham. They are both under 
 the management of one proprietor, Mr. Beakes, and 
 are doing the usual line of work common in later 
 years to that class of enterprises. 
 
 VARIOUS MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 The Rider Engine Company have large and con- 
 venient works at Walden, employing a number of 
 men. (See chapter upon Goshen.) 
 
 The Walden Cigar Manufactory, George K. 
 Colden proprietor, is doing good work ; not very large 
 in extent, but it is noted for making an excellent 
 cigar, proving that smokers in Walden have no need 
 to send abroad for the fragrant weed. 
 
 The Walden Soap- Works, C. D. Wooley pro- 
 prietor, are an enterprise of some imjjortance, con- 
 venient for the citizens of the town and reasonably 
 remunerative to the owner. 
 
 The Overall Manufactory at Walden of H. 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 405 
 
 B. Wooster is an undertaking which that gentleman 
 adds to his other business of grocer. It affords em- 
 ployment to 25 or 30 girls, and it is understood that 
 the enterprise is successful in paying a fair profit to 
 the proprietor. 
 
 Brown's Grist- and Saw-Mills are located in 
 the southeast part of the town, the successors of those 
 (if much earlier date. 
 
 Embler's Steam Grist-Mill is located at Mont- 
 gomery village, doing both custom business and 
 flouring. 
 
 XII.-MILITARY. 
 
 Montgomery having a population of considerable 
 extent prior to the Revolution, the people uo doubt 
 took an active interest in the momentous contest 
 that separated this country from England and formed 
 a free and independent nation out of the thirteen de- 
 pendent colonies. 
 
 That public opinion in this section was considerably 
 divided is evident from the fact of Governor Colden's 
 residence and connections here, and from the glimpse 
 of controversy over political matters which appears 
 in the traditions and the records of the churches. 
 
 For the services of some of the residents of the 
 
 town during the Revolution reference is made to the 
 
 General History. 
 
 WAR OF 1861-65. 
 
 The list given below of soldiers from this town is 
 mainly taken from a fiill and carefully-written record 
 in the town clerk's office, such as ought to be found 
 in every town. The whole of Company H of the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-fourth is included in the 
 list, though there were quite a number of persons not 
 residents there, and were not credited to the town. It 
 is not our business to correct the record, however. 
 
 Of the soldiers furnished by this town, it may be 
 added that they constituted either partly or entirely 
 the following companies: Co. C of the Fifty-sixth, 
 Capt. Frederick Decker ; Co. A of the Nineteenth,. 
 Capt. Isaac Smith ; Co. H of the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-fourth, Capt. David Crist ; Co. A of the One 
 Hundred and Sixty-eighth, Capt. Wm. H. Terwilliger. 
 
 The amount of money voted at the- several town- 
 meetings for the expenses of recruiting and for 
 bounties were as follows: 
 
 Aug. 25, 18G2 S3,000 
 
 Feb. 1, 1864 3,000 
 
 Aug. 20, 18C4 48,250 
 
 Dec. 19,1804 10,77(1 
 
 Total $65,020 
 
 SUBSCRIPTIONS. 
 
 April 1, 18C1.— For Co. A, Nineteenth Militia $163.00 
 
 " Co. G, " •■ 2116.00 
 
 " Equipment, Lieut. Torbush 50.00 
 
 " " Dr. Qeorgo L. Little 60.00 
 
 ■' " Capt. Terwilliger 35.UO 
 
 " " Capt. Isaac Smith 40.00 
 
 8743.50 
 
 Jul.v, 1S62.— Bounties $:i281.46 
 
 Aid to hospitals 2440.25 
 
 By churches 132.1.39 
 
 Total $7788.59 
 
 The town furnished at the outbreak of the war 4 
 men ; between that period and the calls of July and 
 August, 18(32, 109 men ; under the calls of July and 
 August, 123 men ; from July, 1863, to July, 1864, 67 
 men. There were 29 re-enlistments in 1864, 42 prin- 
 cipals furnished substitutes, and 20 names were added 
 to list of volunteers; under call of Dec. 19, 1864, 6 
 substitutes were furnished and 9 men were enlisted by 
 contract in New York. On that (the last) call the 
 paymaster-general allowed an excess on former calls 
 of 144 years, or 51 three-years men, and paid the town 
 130,600. The town claimed, in addition, a surplus of 
 12 men, but the claim was not allowed. 
 
 Andrew Armstrong, 124tli; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 
 William S. Ayres, sergt., Co. A, 19tli ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 Joseph Armstrong, Co. B, 168th ; enl. Oct. 13, 1862. 
 
 John Vail Ajres, Co. C, 5th ; enl. Jan. 5, 1864. 
 
 Henry Allen, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 John Anderson, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Alexander Anderson, 26th ; enl. Dec. 14, 1863. 
 
 John W. Ayres, Co. C, 5th H. A. ; enl. Jan. 5, 1804. 
 
 Caleb D. Allen, 15th Cavalry ; eul. September, 1864. 
 
 Charles Bohen, Co. B, 168th; enl. Oct. 2.), 1862. 
 
 George Brown, 19th ; enl. May, 1862. 
 
 John Bodine, Co. K, IGSth ; enl. Feb. 6, 1863. 
 
 Win. Bell, 168th; enl. December, 1862. 
 
 Wm. H. Brown, Co. K, ISSth ; eul. Dec. 12, 1862. 
 
 Charles E. Brown. Co. H, 124th. 
 
 John J. Brown, Co. 0, 26th ; enl. Dec. 16, 1863. 
 
 Charles Brown, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 John W. Brown, Co. C, 4th; enl. August, 1861; wounded three times 
 slightly. 
 
 Sylvester Brannin, Co. C, 56th ; enl. August, 1861. 
 
 Wm. Braddock, 39th Mass.; enl. 1862; wounded at North Anna. 
 
 Heni'y Bodine, 56th ; enl. September, 1861 ; died in Washington, June, 
 1862. 
 
 Courtlandt Bodine, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; killed at Chancelloi-syille. 
 
 Wm. H. D. Blake, Co. C, 56tli ; enl. Dec. 31, 1863 ; pro. 2d lieut. 
 
 Thomas H. Baker, Co. H, 124th ; enl. 1862; wounded at Chaucellorsrille. 
 
 Henry Barney. 
 
 George E. Bookstaver, Co. A, 16Sth ; enl. December, 1862. 
 
 Charles Brown, Co. B, 1681h ; enl. December, 1862. 
 
 Charles H. Berner, Co. D, 124th. 
 
 Frank Bishop, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Sylvester Brannon, Co. C, 56th; enl. Aug. 8, 1861. 
 
 Meron Bodine, Corp., Co. H, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; severely wounded 
 at Chaneellorsville, May 3, 1863; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. 
 
 John G. Buckley, musician, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 
 George Butters, Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; captured at Spotlsyl- 
 vania, May 12, 1864. 
 
 Francis S. Brown, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Chan- 
 eellorsville. 
 
 Wm. Brown, Co. II, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellors- 
 ville. May 14, 1864. 
 
 Thomas W. Bradley, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Get- 
 tysburg ; promoted through all the grades to captain and brevet 
 lieutenant-colonel. 
 
 William Buchanan, Co. H, l'24th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 
 Andrew Bowman, Co. H, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 1:J, 1862; wounded at Chan- 
 eellorsville. 
 
 Peter Bookstaver, Co. A, 19th; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 John Bodine, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862 ; re-enlisted. 
 
 CharlesE. Blake, Co. A,19th; enl. May 26,1862; died at Yorktown, May 
 8, 1863. 
 
 Charles E. Blake, sergt., Co. A, 168th; enl. Sept. 30, 1862. 
 
 John M. Bookstaver, Corp., Co. A. 168th; enl. Oct. 20, 1862. 
 
 Daniel W. Baker, Co. D, 124th; enl. 1862. 
 
 Henry M. Connelly, 2d lieut., Co. C, ■'■16th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 John Coles, sergt., Co. C, 66lh ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 Thomas Chambers, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 Andrew Chambers, Co. C, 50th; enl. Aug. 16, 1861; wounded at Fair 
 Oaks; re-enlisted. 
 
406 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Mobrey S. M. Corkey, Co. C, 56th; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 Jonathan 0. Cnrkey, Co. B, 168th ; enl. Oct. 11, 1862. 
 
 Wm. B. Clearwater, loth H. A. ; eul. December, 1862. 
 
 Michael Co,\, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1801. 
 
 Martin Cable, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Patrick J. Cameron, Co. C, 56tli ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 David Crist, capt., Co. H, r24th ; enl. August, 1862; wounded at Chan- 
 
 cellorsville; killed at Tolopotomy Creek, May 31, 1864. 
 Wm. H. Cox,Bergt., Co. II, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; killed at Gettys- 
 burg, July 2, 1863. 
 Van Keuren Crisl, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13,1862; killed at Chaocel- 
 
 lorsville. 
 James Crist, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14. 1862 ; wounded at Chancellors- 
 
 ville, taken prisoner, and died at Andersonville. 
 Milton Crist, Co, H, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Angus Carman, Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; died of disease at 
 
 Walden, June 30, 1863. 
 James L. Coleman, Co. C, 4th ; enl. Aug. 29, 1861 ; wounded and taken 
 
 prisoner. 
 Daniel Carman, Co. H, 124tli ; eul. Aug. 14, 186- ; wounded at Chancel- 
 
 lorsville. May 3, 1863; wounded May 6, 1864. 
 Jesse F. Camp, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg. 
 James 0. Crist, Co. A, 19tli ; enl. May 26, 1862; taken prisoner. 
 Moses Comfort, Co. A, I'JtIi ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 Eobert Craft, Co. A, lOtli ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 Robert Carr, Oi. A, 19th; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 William Clianibere, Co. A, I9th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 Moses Comfort, Corp., Co. B, 168th ; enl. Oct. 3, 1862 ; re-enlisted. 
 Jeremiah M. Crist, Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 16, 1802; wounded at Chan- 
 
 cellorsville in right arm, and four and a Italf inches bone removed; 
 
 discli. for disability Sept. 18, 1863. 
 Henry V. Crawford, 4th Cavalry; enl. Aug. 29, 1861 ; twice taken pris- 
 oner ; live weeks in Libby Prison. 
 Alexander Crawford, 124th ; enl. August, 1862; re-enlisted. 
 George W. Crist, Co. E, 44th ; enl. September, 1861. 
 Granville Crist, 1st Excelsior; enl. Jan. 20, 1862. 
 Wm. Chambers, 19th ; enl. May, 1862. 
 
 James E. Collins, Co. 1, 124tli ; enl. August, 1802 ; died in the service. 
 Jesse F. Camp, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862 ; re-enlisted. 
 Alexander Camp, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Nov. 3, 1862 ; died Aug. 5, 1863. 
 Henry C. Conklin, Co. H, 124th. 
 Charles Cisco, enl. August, 1864. 
 Robert Curry, enl, August, 1864. 
 Wm. Coffin, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 .Tames H. Conklin, Co. K, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 Patrick Condon, 50th: eul. Sept. 8, 1804. 
 David Crist, capt., Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; killed by a rebel 
 
 8liari)shooter, June 1, 1864, while laying out a new intrenchment 
 
 before Petersburg. 
 Frederick Decker, capt., Co. C, 56th; enl. Aug. 16, 1861 ; re-enl. in Co. I, 
 
 168th, October, 1862. 
 George F. I. Dromgoole, enl. August, 1864. 
 John Duffle, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Nathan H. Duffle, Co. H, 124th; enl. .\ug. 13, 1862; disch. at hospital 
 
 Feb. 17, 1863. 
 John A. Diamond, lath; enl. May, 1802. 
 Thornton Dawson, Corp., Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Wm. H. Dawson, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded May 3,1863 ; 
 
 disch. for disability July 25, 1864. 
 Wm. Dawson, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellors- 
 
 ville. 
 Jusiah Dawson, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; wounded at Chancel- 
 
 lorsville and taken prisoner, and wounded and taken prisoner May 
 
 5, 1864. 
 Joseph W. Delantater, Co. H, I24th; enl. .\ug. 13, 1862; died of wounds 
 
 received at Chaucelloreville. 
 Benjamin Diitcher, Co. H, 124th; enl. .\ug. 14, 1862; wounded at Chan- 
 
 cellorsville; killed in the Wilderness, May 6, 1864. 
 Uowland W. Davis, Corp., Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 13, 1802; died at Fal- 
 mouth of typhoid fever. 
 Jesse F. Decker, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 Wm. H. Dexter, Co. D, 54th ; enl. April 13, 1865. 
 Frederick Decker, Co. A, 19th; enl. May 20, 1862. 
 Morrison Decker, Co. O, 19th; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 Charles J. Dolson, Co. G, 19tl]; enl. Oct. 1, 1860. 
 Edward F. Dunn, Co. H, 124th. 
 T. W. Decker, Corp., Co. B, 168th ; enl. Oct. 14, 1862. 
 
 R. S. Decker, Corp., Co. B, 168th ; enl. Oct. 14. 1862. 
 
 Orrin E. Doty, Co. K, 124th. 
 
 Nathan H. Duffle, Co. H, 124th ; enl. August, 1802. 
 
 Charles Dubois, 20th ; enl. December, 1803 ; died in the fall of 1864. 
 
 John C. Drivers, enl. .\ugust, 18r4. 
 
 Thomas Dalen, eul. August, 18iV4, 
 
 Thomiis Daltou, enl. August, 1S(;4. 
 
 Michael Divine, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Aldred Eckert, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 10, 1861. 
 
 diaries W. Evans, Co. H, 124th ; eul. Aug. 13, 1862 ; disch. for disability. 
 
 Isaac Evans, Co. B, 168th ; enl Oct. 20, 1862. 
 Burtou Edsall, 1st Cavalry; enl. 1861. 
 
 Samuel Scare Eckert, Co. C, 50th; enl. Sept. 17, 1861. 
 
 Jonathan Eckert, Co. H, 124th; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 Henry W. Eckert, Co. H, 124th. 
 
 Joachim Etten, enl. .\ugust, 1864. 
 
 Archibald Freeman, 1st sergt., Co. H, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; wounded. 
 
 Seymour Fowler, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 10, 1861. 
 
 Ingrace Fitzockenrcuther, enl. August, 1804. 
 
 diaries A. Foster, <;o. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1802 ; killed at Chancel- 
 lorsville, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Wm. L. Fairchild, Corp., Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; killed at 
 Chancellorsville. 
 
 Benjamin Freer, Co. G, 19th ; enl. April 25, 1861. 
 
 George Frarena, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 John W. Foster, Co. I, 71st; enl. April, 1861; re-enlisted; he was the 
 first to enlist from Montgomery. 
 
 Nelson Foote, Co. I, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 Neal Francis, navy ; enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Seymour Fowler, Co. C, oOth ; enl. August, 1861 ; re-enlisted. 
 
 David P. Foster, 9th ; enl. April 21, 1801 ; pro. to capt. ; thrown from 
 horse — injured. 
 
 Lyman Fairchild, Co. H, 124th; eul. .\ugu8t, 1862; wounded May 5, 
 1804; died 5Iay 14th, at Chancellorsville. 
 
 George 0. Fuller, Co. H, 124th ; eul. August, 1862; killed at Chancellors- 
 ville. 
 
 Patrick Fitzgibbon, lOSth; enl. September, 1862. 
 
 John Fisk, Co. U, 124th. 
 
 Aaron Fuller, Co. H, 124th. 
 
 Jolin Fay, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 John Frame, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 John Friel, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 John B. Gomley, Corp., Co. C, 50th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1861. 
 
 David Goetchius, Co. C, 66th ; enl. Sept. 13, 1861. 
 
 John Green, eul. August, 1864. 
 
 Henry Gowdy, 1st lieut., Co. II, 124th; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; died May 11, 
 1863, of wounds. 
 
 Clark B. Galatin, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1802 ; wounded in the Wil. 
 derness, Oct. 27, 1864, and taken prisoner ; paroled and sent to hos- 
 pital. 
 
 Charles H. Godfrey, Co. A, 19th ; enl. Aug. 20, 1862. 
 
 Clark B. Galatin, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1802. 
 
 John R. Gruoel, 69tli ; enl. April, 1861. 
 
 John J. Goetchius, Co. G, 19th; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 James Gilbert, Co. G, 19th ; enl. April 25, 1861. 
 
 John Gurnes, Co. B, 168th ; enl. Oct. 8, 1862. 
 
 Samuel Giles, Co. D, 6th; enl. Dec. 14, 1863. 
 
 Lester Geuung, Co. C, 108th ; enl. Sept. 20, 1802. 
 
 John B. Gourley, 66th ; enl. September, 1861 ; died April 3, 1863, at Hilton 
 Head. 
 
 James Gowdy, capt., Co. C, 56th ; enl. May, 1861. 
 
 Alexander Hunt, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 29, 1864. 
 
 David Hardenbrook, Co. C, 66th ; eul. Aug. 10, 1861 ; killed May 31, 1802. 
 
 James Hughey, Co. C, 50th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 Bernard Henry, Co. C, 50th ; enl. .^ug. 13, 1861. 
 
 Philip Henry, Co. G, lOStli ; enl. December, 1862. 
 
 John R. Hays, 2d lieut., Co. H, 124th ; enl. August, 1862; resigned. 
 
 David R. Harris, enl. August, 1864 ; died July 18, 1865. 
 
 Wm. S. M. Hatch, Co. H, 124th; eul. Aug. 13, 1862; taken prisoner at 
 Beverly Ford, and died at Andersouville, July 8, 1864. 
 
 David Hawley, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 
 John Hatch, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; died of fever Oct. 16, 1862. 
 
 Arthur Haigh, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 18, 1862. 
 
 George Homan, Co. H, 18th ; killed at Gaines' Mill, June 27, 1862. 
 
 James E. Homan, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 18, 1862; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg, July 2, and died July 3, 1863. 
 
 Nathau Hubbard, Co. A, 19th ; eul. May 20, 1802 ; re-enl. in the 168th. 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 407 
 
 Edward Hunter, Co. H, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 18, 18G2; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg; wounded May 18, 1864, and died June 30, 1804. 
 
 Alexander Henry, Co. G, 19th ; enl. April 2.% 1861. 
 
 Isaac T. Hasl.rouck, Co. G, 19th ; enl. Oct. 1, 1800. 
 
 James A. Hasbrouck, Co. E, 20th ; enl. Dec. 28, 1863. 
 
 William J. Henry, Co. B, lC8th ; enl. Oct. 14, 1862. 
 
 Howard Hammond, enl. Feb. 22, 1804. 
 
 Charles S. Hammond, 2,">th Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 2, 1804. 
 
 Edward Hughes, C«. E,.'iCth; enl. 1801. 
 
 Marcus Houstou, Co. H, 124th; enl. 1861. 
 
 Charles G. Hunt, Co. C, 56th ; enl. September, 1861. 
 
 Abram Hawley, Co. H, 124th ; enl. 1802 ; wounded at Chancellorsville. 
 
 David Howland, Corp., Co. H, 124th ; enl. 1862 ; died in the service. 
 
 John E. Hurder, Co. H. 124th. 
 
 Marvin Hildelirandt, Co. H, 124th. 
 
 Charles C. Hicks, Co. H, 124th. 
 
 Cliarles HTighe.«, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 James Halkiii, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 George E. Human, 18th ; enl. June, 1861; killed at Gaines' Mill. 
 
 John Harrington, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Oliver Haines, 20th ; enl. December, 1863. 
 
 John Judson, Co. C, 5Ctli ; etd. July 29, 1861 ; re-en). 
 
 Albert H. Judson, Co. C, .56111; enl. Aug. 3, 1861 ; re-enl. 
 
 Calvin Judson. Co. C, 50th ; enl. Sept. 15, 1861. 
 
 Hiram Johnson. Co. D, 56th ; enl. Aug. 24, 1804. 
 
 Jacob F. Jordan, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Locust 
 Grove. 
 
 Grandison Judson, Co. H. 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1802; wounded at Chan- 
 cellorsville; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. 
 
 Chester Judson, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; kllleil on picket Sept. 
 14,1864; son of Andrew Judson, of Montgomery, who had seven 
 sons in the army. 
 
 Cffsar Jackson, 26th ; enl. December, 1803. 
 
 B. B. Johnston, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 20, 1862. 
 
 William Johnson, Jr., Co. G, 19th; enl. Oct. 1, 1861. 
 
 Albert C. Jackson, 26th ; enl. January, 1863. 
 
 Jauies E. Jaman, Co. G, 19th ; enl. Oct. 1, 1860. 
 
 Wm. Johnson, 5th H. Art.; enl. Jan. 4, 1864 ; a prisoner several months. 
 
 Jacol) S. Johnson, Co. B, 20th ; eul. Dec. 21, 1863. 
 
 Cliarles H. Jocklin, Co. E, 26th ; enl. Dec. 28, 1863. 
 
 Ferris Jolinson, lOtli Cavalry; eul. Dec. 8, 1863. 
 
 Theodore Judson, 2d Cavalry ; enl. November, 1863 ; wounded at Pleasant 
 Hill. 
 
 Henry Jubin, Co. H, 124th. 
 
 William Judson, let Mounted Rifles ; enl. Sept. 3,1861 ; had served in the 
 
 seth. 
 
 George W. Judson, 20th ; enl. January, 1864 ; pro. sergt. 
 
 Alexander Kidd, sergt.. C'o. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1801. 
 
 James H. Kelly, Co. C, 50th ; eTil. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 James Kelly, Co. C, ,56th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 Peter Knell, Co. C, 56th; enl. Aug. 14, 1861. 
 
 John E. Kidd, Corp., Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1802 ; wounded at Get- 
 tysburg. 
 
 Noah B. Kinibark, Cv. 11, 124th ; eul. Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Get- 
 tysburg. 
 
 Henry Kidd, Jr., Co. H, l>4th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1802; dis. Jan. 17, 1863. 
 
 Wm. Kain, 1st lieut., Co. G, 19th ; enl. Nov. 24, 1860. 
 
 Willett Kidd, sergt., Co. G, Ulth ; enl. Nov. 24, 1860. 
 
 Halsey Kidd, sergt., Co. G, I'.ltli; enl. Nov. 24, 1860. 
 
 Victor Knapp, Corp., Co. G, I'.lth ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 Beverly Kidd, corp., Co. G, 19tli ; enl. April 2u, 1861. 
 
 Alexander Kidd, Co. G, 19th ; enl. April 22, 1861. 
 
 Amos Kauiie, Co. A, 168th ; erd. Sept. 26, 1862 ; re-enl. 
 
 Charles Kaune, navy ; eul. 1861 ; re-enl. 
 
 Charles Kennedy, Co. B, 168th ; enl. Oct. 6, 1862. 
 
 William Kniffln, Co. B, 168th; enl. Oct. 6, 1862. 
 
 Hiram A. Knapp, 56th ; eul. September, 1861. 
 
 James Kelly, Co. C, .50th ; enl. September, ISOl ; re-enl. in 1864. 
 
 Victor Knapp, 19th; enl. June, 1802. 
 
 William Kniffin, 168th ; enl. September, 1862. 
 
 Daniel L. Kidd, Co. 1, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 Alexander Kidd, sergt. ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 Wm. Kain, I9th ; enl. May, 1802. 
 
 Peter Kuaff, 56th ; eul. September, 1861 ; reenl. 
 
 Timothy Lamoreaux, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Oct. 26, 1861. 
 
 Judson B. Luptou, Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; wounded at Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 Goverueur M. Legg, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862; wounded in the 
 
 Wilderness, May 6, 1864. 
 
 George W. Lauton, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 Peter Latourette, capt., Co. G, Ulth ; enl. Nov. 24, 1860. 
 
 Andrew Ludlow, 20th; enl. December, 1863. 
 
 Isaac Lewis, 20th ; enl. December, 1863. 
 
 Moses Lasears, musician, 6tb Heavy Art.; enl. Dec. 14, 1863. 
 
 Sylvanus Lang, Co. H, 124th. 
 
 Charles A. Lawrence; enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Alfred C. Latta (Brooklyn), Co. 1, 14th ; enl. Dec. 4,1863 ; a prisoner for 
 several months. 
 
 Thomas Murphy, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 26, 1861. 
 
 Jonathan Miller, 6th ; enl. 1861. 
 
 Gaston Martin, Co. C, 66th ; enl. Aug. 25, 1861. 
 
 George H. Miller, 26th Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 2, 1864. 
 
 Andrew D. McDougall, sergt., Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13,1802; was in 
 7l8t Regt. three months; dis. Feb. 10, 1803. 
 
 Francis Mead, sergt., Co. H, 121th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 
 James B. Mouell, 19th ; enl. May, 1862. 
 
 William McVey, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 
 John Murphy, Co. H, 124th. 
 
 John A. Milliken, Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; dis. Nov. 17, 1862. 
 
 Wm. Millspaugh, Co. II, 48th ; enl. Dec. In, 1863. 
 
 Robert Mackeny, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 18, 1862 ; missing in action 
 Oct. 14, 1863. 
 
 John Meyer ; eul. August, 1862. 
 
 Charles A. McGregor, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 19,1862; wounded at 
 Chancellorsville, May 3, 1803; died of wounds Dec. 3, 1863. 
 
 Bulus Millspaugh, Co. H, lOSth; enl. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 
 Henry Mathews, Co. U, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Chancel- 
 loi-sville. 
 
 John McCann, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellors- 
 ville; disch. October, 1863. 
 
 Da»id Mould, Corp., Co. H, 124th ; eul. Aug. 22, 1802; killed at Chancel- 
 lorsville. 
 
 James B. Monell, sergt., Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 Charles W. Miller, Co. A, lOtli ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 George Moran, 2ntli ; enl. December, 1803; died in 1864. 
 
 Marcus Moran, 20th ; enl. December, 1868 ; died in 1864. 
 
 Augustus Millspaugh, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 James Moran, Co. G, I68th ; enl. December, 1862. 
 
 Peter Millspaugh, Co. A, Ulth ; enl. May 26, 1802. 
 
 Adolph Meyer, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 J. R. McCullough, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 John Meyer, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Jonathan N. Morrison, Co. G, 19th; enl. Oct. 1, 1860. 
 
 Adolph Mendout, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Thaddeus Meade, Co. G, 19th ; enl. April 22, 1861. 
 
 Charles I. Mitchell, enl. February, 1865. 
 
 Andrew McDougal, Co. G, 19th ; eul. May 1, 1862. 
 
 Michael McNally, enl. February, 1865. 
 
 Andrew J. Merritt, Co. G, 19th ; eul. May 1, 1860. 
 
 Wm. McCombe, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 John Mackey, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 1, 1862. 
 
 James McDonald, Co. C, 25th Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 1, 1864. 
 
 James McGregor, Cu.E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 
 Francis B. Milliken, 19th ; enl. June, 1802; re-enl. Co. G, ie8th. 
 
 George McCann, Co. C, 50th; enl. Sept. 6, 1864; died of typhoid fever 
 Nov. 7, 1864. 
 
 Martin Mould, Co. I, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 Wm. McClellan, 168tli and 66lh ; enl. October, 1862. 
 
 William Nichols, Co. B, 168th ; enl. December, 1862. 
 
 Martin Nichols, Corp., Co. H, 124th. 
 
 James Noon, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Thomas O'Connell, Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg, and right leg amputated. 
 
 George N. Odell, Co. A, 56th ; eul. September, 1861. 
 
 William Oprey, Co. C, 98th. 
 
 Jacob D. Ostrander, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Wilson, Purdy, Co. C, 56th ; enl. September, 1861. 
 
 David D. Post, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; wounded at Chancel- 
 lorsville. 
 
 John B. Post, Corp., Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; wounded at Chan- 
 celloi-sville. 
 
 Wm. S. Parks, enl. 1S61. 
 
 Thomas J. Patten, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 James Patrick, 108th ; enl. Selitember, 1862. 
 
408 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 John Pache, Co. A, 56th ; enl. August, 1861. 
 
 BjTon J. Pullnuiu, Co. H, 124tli ; tians. froni 2d Co. U.S.S.S. 
 
 Cornelius Pullman, Co. II, 124th ; wounded April 1, 1865; enl. in 2d Co. 
 
 U.S.S.S., from nliith trans, to 124th. 
 Douglass Pullman, (To. II, 124th ; trans, from 2d Co. U.S.S.S. 
 Charles Palmer, 2uth; enl. December, 18G3. 
 James Powers, enl. August, 1864. 
 Frederick Powell, enl. August, 1864. 
 Stephen Quick, Co. C, 66th ; enl. August, 1861. 
 Tontins Quick, Co. I), 168th; enl. Decemher, 1862; re-enlisted. 
 John Rose, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 20, 18G4. 
 Algernon S. Rose, scrgt., Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 Henry Robinson, musician, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 Abraham Runiph, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 Charles Rear, Co. C, 56th; enl. Aug. 16, 1861 ; died a few days after the 
 
 Seven Days' Fight. 
 Johu Rowland, sergt., Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at 
 
 Chancellorsville ; died June 22, 1863. 
 Albert R. Rhiuehart, Corp., Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; pro. sergt. ; 
 
 wounded at Chancellorsville; died May 26, 1863. 
 John liediker, Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 Abraham R. Rapalje, Corp., Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 David H. Radiker, Co. A, 19th; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 John A. F. Rouk, Co. G, inth ; enl. Nov. 24, 1860. 
 Sidney A. Roosa, Co. G, 19th ; enl. May 1, 1860. 
 Alfred Reed, Co. C, -ioth Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 1, 1864. 
 Edward W. Reed, Co. C, 25th Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 1, 1864. 
 Morris J. Rhineliart, Co. F, 56th; enl. Aug. 24, 1864. 
 John R. Robertson, Co. A, 56th ; enl. July, 1861. 
 John Rowland, Co. H, 124th; enl. August, 1862; re-enl.; wounded at 
 
 Chancellorsville. 
 Patrick Kyan, Co. I, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 Patrick Roney, enl. August, 1864. 
 John Rorck, enl. August, 1864. 
 Alexander Riley, 168th ; enl. December, 1862. 
 John Raser, enl. August, 1864. 
 Gilbert Reitch, enl. August, 1864. 
 Jasper Rugg, enl. August, 1864. 
 John C. Sparks, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 Jonathan Shafer, Co. A, 19tli ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 William E. Sears, Co. A, 16Sth ; enl. Oct. 6, 1862. 
 John C. Sparks, Co. C, 25tli Cav. ; enl. Feb. 1, 1864. 
 James H. Smith, capt., Co. C, 56th ; enl. August, 1861. 
 John Smith, Co. I, 54lh ; enl. July 12, 1863. 
 Henry Suiilli, Ist Mounted Rifles ; enl. Oct. 16, 1861. 
 Daniel Seaton, 9th ; enl. August, 1861 ; re-enl. 
 Melvin Seai-s, Co. C, 56th ; enl. August, 1861; pro. capt. 
 Harvey Sears, Co. C, 4th Cavalry; enl. Aug. 29, 1861. 
 Daniel Simnionton, Co. H, 108th ; enl. October, 1862; died at Yorktuwn, 
 
 Va., May 17, 1863. 
 Moses M. Scott, ISIli Art. ; eul. Jan. 20, 1864. 
 Wm. A. Scott, 19th ; enl. May. 1862. 
 
 Henry A. Still, 1st lieut., Co. C, 56th ; enl. Sept. 17, 1861. 
 James H. Smith, sergt., Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 Wm. H. Slottt, Co. C, 66th; enl. Aug. 16, 1861 ; died of fever in 1863. 
 Gabriel Smith, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 16. 1861. 
 John Studar, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 10, 1861. 
 Philip Servis, Co. H, 124th. 
 
 Henry Seaman, Co. U, 124th; eul. Aug. 14, 1862; disch. April 2, 1863. 
 Charles H. Stevens, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; disch. April, 
 
 1S63. 
 Charles Seaman, Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; killed at Chancellors- 
 ville, May 3, 1803. 
 Wm. B. Sherman, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 'Daniel S. Sears, Corp., Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 Wm. E. Sears, Co. I, I24th ; enl. October, 1862; re-enl. 
 John E. Sparks, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 Jonathan Shafer, enl. May 28, 1862. 
 Jesse F. Shafer, 1st lieut., 50th; enl. Oct. 1, 1861. 
 John Scott, 168th ; enl. December, 1802. 
 Charles Sinsabaugh, 5th II. Ait.; enl. Jan. 4, 1864; a prisoner several 
 
 months. 
 Henry Schroeder, eul. August, 1864. 
 Michael Sullivan, enl. August, 1864. 
 Charles Sweeny, enl. August, 1804. 
 George Smith, enl. August, 1864. 
 Wm. B. Spear, eul. .\ugust, 1864. 
 
 William Teator, Corp., Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1861. 
 
 William II. Townsend, Co. C, 56th; enl. Sept. 21, 1861 ; re-enl. June 5, 
 1864. 
 
 Nathaniel Terwilliger, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Oct. 26, 1861. 
 
 James Tower, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Daniel Traphagen, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 
 Charies W. Tindall, Co. H, I24lh ; eul. Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg, taken prisoner in the Wilderness, sent to Andersouville. 
 
 Charles J. Terwilliger, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 
 Daniel T. Teare, Co. H, 124th; enl. .\ug. 13, 1802; disch. June 10, 1863. 
 
 diaries Taylor, 3d ; enl. 1861. 
 
 Daniel Torbush, 2d lieut., Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862 ; pro. capt. ; re- 
 enlisted. 
 
 Henry Torbush, Corp., Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 Charles Tburman, 19th ; enl. May, 1862. 
 
 G. H. Taylor, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1S02. 
 
 George W. Tindall, enl. Aug. 27, 1861 ; severely wounded, and once left 
 for dead, but recovered. 
 
 Jcasper C. Terwilliger, 47th ; enl. April, 1801. 
 
 Moses S. Terwilliger, Co C, 4th ; enl. Aug. 29, ISOl ; taken prisoner. 
 
 Charles T. Thompson, corp., Co. H, I24tli. 
 
 Wm. n. Teator, Co. C, 56th ; enl. September, 1861 : died of smallpox 
 Feb. 7, 1862. 
 
 John L. Turner, Co. D, 56th ; enl. September, 1861. 
 
 Isaac N. Turner, Co. D. o6tli ; enl. September, 1861. 
 
 Amzi Turner, Co. D, 66th; enl. September, 1861. 
 
 Joseph Turner, Co. D, 56th ; enl. September, 1861. 
 
 Harvey Turner, 14th. 
 
 Thomas P. Terwilliger, 4th Cavalry; eul. .\ug. 29, 1861 ; re-enlisted. 
 
 James Taylor, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Henry Tice, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Norman Upright, lotli Art.; enl. Jan. 20, 1864. 
 
 George Van Arsdall, Co. C, 50th ; enl. Sept. 12, 1861. 
 
 Elisha D. Van Keuren, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 
 Thomas Van Strauder, Co. H, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 10, 
 1803. 
 
 Alanson Van Arsdale, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Sept. 27, 1862. 
 
 Benjamin Van Arsdale, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 27, 1861 ; re-enl. in Sep- 
 tember, 1864. 
 
 Abraham L. Vanderlyn, 3d sergt., Co. I, 124tli ; enl. August, 1862; pro. 
 2d lieut. 
 
 Hiram Vandevort, 20tli; eul. December, 1863. 
 
 John N. Van Keuren, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Joseph Van Vleet, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Joseph Vonop, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 David F. Wilson, loth Art. ; eul. Jan. 29, 1864. 
 
 William Wilson, Co. B, 168th ; enl. December, 1862. 
 
 Charles R. Wright, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 29, 1804. 
 
 Wm. H. Winfield, enl. August, 1804. 
 
 Abel Wood, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1861 ; re-enlisted. 
 
 Lewis W. Williams, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 Andrew Westervelt, Co. H, 124th. 
 
 .Tames Walsh, Co. C, 56th ; eul. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 James White, enl. August, 1864. 
 
 Wm. H. Whiteside, Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 19, 1862. 
 
 William Wilkin, Co. G, 19tli ; enl. April 25, 1861. 
 
 Charles Wheeler, eul. August, 1864. 
 
 David Woodruff, Co. G, 19th ; enl. May 1, 1860. 
 
 George Ward, 168th ; eul. December, 1862. 
 
 Wm. H. Waring, 19th N.Y.S.M.; enl. 1862. 
 
 Charles P. Welsh, 9th; enl. November, 1863. 
 
 W^m. E. Wood, musician, 1st Excelsior ; enl. Jan. 18, 1862. 
 
 Joseph Wood, 70th ; enl. Jan. 21, 1862. 
 
 Charies Whitehead, Co. H, 124th; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 Wm. Wainright, Co. H, 124th; enl. August, 1862; died of wounds at Ac- 
 quia Creek. 
 
 Thomas B. Young, Co. C, 56th; enl Aug. 8, 1861. 
 
 Samuel S. Youngblood, Co. H, 124th; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; wounded at 
 Chaucellorsville; pro. to V. R. C. 
 
 Myron W. Youngblood, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 2, 1862; died soon after 
 the war. 
 
 Howard Youngblood, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 2, 1862. 
 
 George B. Youngblood, sergt., Co. U, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; ruptured 
 on march after battle of Chancellorsville. 
 
 James H. Young, Co. C, 56th ; enl. August, 1861. 
 
 Moses Yerks, Co. B, 168th; enl. December, 1S62. 
 
 Charles J. Youngblood, Co. C, 56th ; enl. February, 1866. 
 
^^t/ 
 
 ^ 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 409 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 CHARLES MILLER. 
 
 The family represented by the subject of this biog- 
 raphy are of both Welsh and Irish descent. The 
 grandfather of Charles Miller was Samuel, who 
 emigrated at an early date from Ireland to the prov- 
 ince of Canada, where he remained for several years 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits. From this point 
 he removed to the United States, and eventually settled 
 in Montgomery, Orange Co., where he in 1764 ac- 
 (juired land, a portion of which is now in posses- 
 sion of Charles Miller. He was an officer of militia 
 as early as 1778, his commission being signed by 
 Governor George Clinton, of the province of New 
 York. 
 
 Mr. Miller had three sons, George S., William 8., 
 and Samuel, and one daughter, Mary. His death 
 occurred at an advanced age. His son, George S., 
 was born March 11, 1776, and died Dec. 5, 1828, in 
 his fifty-third year, in Montgomery, where his life 
 was spent. He was in 1800 united in marriage to 
 Miss Julia, daughter of Charles Young, of Hampton- 
 burgh, and had children, — Samuel H., Charles, 
 William, Theodore, Sarah (Mrs. Alexander Blake), 
 Cornelia (Mrs. Gilbert G. Weeks), and Elizabeth 
 (Mrs. Samuel Knapp). But three of this number 
 now survive. The birth of Charles Miller occurred 
 in Montgomery, Dec. 5, 1805. He followed the pur- 
 suits of his father, those of an agriculturist, and in 
 1828 inherited that portion of the paternal estate 
 which is his present residence. He was in 1833 
 married to Miss Helen, daughter of John S. Young, 
 of ^Montgomery, now Hamptonburgh, to whom were 
 born children, — George S., Julia Y., Gilbert, and 
 Charles A., all now deceased. Mr. Miller is a Re- 
 l)ublican in his political predilections, but never par- 
 ticipates in the active labor of the party. He has 
 devoted his life to the more quiet occupation of a 
 country gentleman, and to the promotion of worthy 
 aims in his native township. He is largely interested 
 in benevolent enterprises, and all deserving appeals 
 find in him a willing helper. Mr. Miller worships 
 with the Presbyterian denomination, and has been for 
 years a member and elder of the Goodwill Presby- 
 terian Church of Montgomery, of which Mrs. Miller 
 is also a zealous member. Having retired from active 
 employments, he devotes much time to the interests of 
 the church and the good of humanity. 
 
 JOSEPH H. DECKER. 
 Mr. Decker may be regarded as one of the most en- 
 terprising and successful representatives of the agri- 
 cultural interests of Montgomery. His family are of 
 Dutch extraction, and at an early date sought the rich 
 lands of Orange and Ulster Counties. Johannes 
 Decker, the grandfather of Joseph H., was first a resi- 
 27 
 
 dent of Kingston, Ulster Co., from whence he removed 
 to Blooming-Grove. His birth occurred April 16, 
 1741, and that of his wife, Annatie Hasbrouck, Dec. 
 29, 1747, her residence at the time of her marriage 
 being Marbletown, Ulster Co. Their children were 
 
 j:^^. 
 
 Q 
 
 Jacob, Cornelius, John, Rachel, Ann, Jonah, Elsie, 
 and Matthew. Their son Cornelius was born in 1770, 
 and resided in the township of Montgomery until his 
 death in 1835. He was united in marriage to Miss • 
 Hannah Duryea, of Blooming-Grove, and had chil- 
 dren, — George, Joseph H., John, Ann, Hannah Maria, 
 Rachel, Caroline, Dolly, and Cornelius. 
 
 Joseph H. was born May 12, 1800. The years of 
 his boyhood were principally devoted to labor. The 
 educational advantages at that early day were exceed- 
 ingly limited, and he was able to gain simply the 
 rudiments of knowledge at the neighboring district 
 school. At this time were acquired those habits of 
 industry and frugality which laid the foundation for 
 later success, and enabled him to become the possessor 
 of a competency for his advancing years. He was on 
 Dec. 30, 1819, married to Miss Maria, daughter of 
 Adam Dickerson, of Montgomery, whose birth oc- 
 curred Oct. 25, 1804. Their children have been Han- 
 nah Jane, born 1821 ; Harriet A., whose birth occurred 
 in 1823 ; Francis C, born in 1830 ; Joseph H., born 
 in 1839; Anna Mary, born in 1842; and Cornelius, 
 born in 1835. The only survivor of this number is 
 Francis C, who resides with his parents. Their daugh- 
 ter Hannah Jane was nuirried May 7, 1851, to Hon. 
 Hugh Barkley Bull, who was born in Crawford town- 
 
410 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ship, Oct. 1, 1816, and was a descendant of one of the 
 earliest families of the county. He studied law with 
 Henry B. Wisner and Hon. Samuel J. Wilkin, both 
 of Orange County, and on being admitted settled in 
 Montgomery, where he practiced his profession with 
 success. He served as district attorney of Orange 
 County in 1847, was elected to the State Legislature 
 in 1851, and was also secretary and counselor of the 
 Montgomery and Erie Railroad. His life was dis- 
 tinguished by great usefulness, an<l his death sincerely 
 mourned. Mr. and Mrs. Bull left one child, Maria 
 P., who died Feb. 25, 1880. 
 
 Joseph H. Decker has followed farming pursuits 
 during his lifetime. In 1875 he purchased the farm 
 which is his present residence, having formerly lived 
 in the village of Montgomery, or on land adjacent to 
 it. In politics he was early an Andrew .Jackson Dem- 
 ocrat. Circumstances, however, induced him to change 
 his views, and he became a Republican. He is an at- 
 tendant upon the services of the Reformed Dutch 
 Church of Montgomery, of which Mrs. Decker is a 
 member. Mr. Decker may well be regarded as a self- 
 made man. 
 
 FRANCIS C. DECKER. 
 The Decker family have elsewhere been mentioned 
 as of Dutch extraction, and among the earliest emi- 
 grants to the Empire State. Francis C. is the only 
 
 The public school of the district afforded but meagre 
 opportunities for education, and Francis C. being de- 
 sirous of more thorough advantages repaired to the 
 academy at Montgomery, where some time was spent 
 in study. Having fitted himself by these superior 
 qualifications for the career of an instructor, he en- 
 gaged for a while in teaching near his home. At a 
 later period he removed to the village of Montgomery, 
 and though ostensibly engaged in no active occupa- 
 tion, gave his attention to the management and main- 
 tenance of the family property. He removed in 1875 
 to the farm which is the present residence of his 
 parents, and known familiarly as the " Saratoga 
 Farm." Mr. Decker has ever been a stanch Re- 
 publican in his political views, thougli the prefer- 
 ments of office have failed to lure him from the quiet 
 I)leasures of his own home. He has declined all pub- 
 lic offices, though always manifesting a deep interest 
 in the various political campaigns, especially those of 
 local importance. Mr. Decker's religious creed is 
 that espoused by the Reformed Dutch Church, of 
 which he is a consistent member. 
 
 surviving child of Joseph H. Decker, of Montgomery, 
 and was born Oct. 24, 1830, in the above township. 
 His early years were passed under the parental roof. 
 
 GEORGE SENIOR. 
 
 Dorsetshire, England, was the stronghold of the 
 Senior family, from which locality William Senior, 
 with his wife and twelve children, came to the United 
 States in 1830. Mr. Senior, whose birth occurred in 
 1785, was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Harvey, 
 and to this union were born children, — William, John, 
 Elizabeth, Sarah, George, Thomas, Christopher, Ann, 
 Edward, Joseph, Louisa, and Henry. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Senior removed to Montgomery, where the death of 
 the former occurred in 1863, while his wife survived 
 until 1880, and died in her ninety-third year. The 
 birth of their son George, the subject of this bio- 
 graphical sketch, took place during the year 1814, in 
 the town of Slower, Dorsetshire, England, from whence 
 he embarked with his parents for American shores. 
 
 He settled first in Duchess County, where farming 
 occupations engaged his attention during his early 
 years. His advent to Montgomery was made in 1844, 
 where he at once embarked in mercantile enterprises. 
 From that period until his retirement from active 
 business Mr. Senior was assiduously devoted to the 
 interests of an increasing trade. 
 
 He was in 1842 married to Miss Mary A., daughter 
 of Robert Lawson, of Duchess County, and has chil- 
 dren, — William, Augustus, Mary E., Sarah F., George 
 Edward, John L., and James Renwick, of whom 
 Sarah F. is deceased, Mary E. is Mrs. Cornelius D. 
 Hawkins, of Montgomery, J. Renwick is a resident 
 of New York, John L. is in Kansas, Augustus in 
 Newburgh, and William and George E. merchants in 
 ^Montgomery. Mr. Senior is a Rei)ublican in politics, 
 though an energetic business life has left little time 
 for participation in public afi'airs. He has been a 
 director of the Montgomery and Erie Railroad since 
 
"'^^^"^!^IIP- 
 
 --^^^^^^ ^-Q^'^^^^^r^^^^ 
 
•^ QJ" 
 
 John Todd, the father of James, was of Scotch 
 nationality, and emigrated to Liverpool, England, 
 where he embarked in mercantile enterprises. He 
 became identified with the business interest.s of that 
 city, where he remained during his lifetime, having 
 married Miss Elizabeth Waddell, also of Scotch de- 
 scent. Their children were Alexander. John, James, 
 Jane, Mary, and Elizabeth. 
 
 Their son James bid adieu to his native land at 
 the early age of twelve years, and embarked for the 
 shores of America. He landed alone and compara- 
 tively friendless at Quebec, from which point he 
 wended his way to Paterson, N. J., hoping there to 
 discover relatives. Finding himself on his arrival 
 thrown upon his own resources, he at once engaged 
 in occupations which aflforded him a livelihood. 
 Ulster County, N. Y., having offered a broader field 
 for bis energies, thither he repaired in 1837, and 
 engaged in tanning and currying, which continued to 
 be his occupation until the purchase of his present 
 home in 1848. He then removed to Montgomery, 
 Orange Co., and became absorbed in agricultural 
 pursuits, meanwhile retaining an interest in his 
 former business. The land embraced in his farm 
 being admirably adapted to grazing, he has made 
 
 dairying a specialty. Mr. Todd was married, May 
 26, 1838, to Miss Mary Amanda, daughter of Martin 
 R. Williams, of New Hurley, Ulster Co., whose birth 
 occurred March 23, 1821. Their children are Ann 
 E. (Mrs. Dr. T. P. Knapp), born June 30, 1839; 
 Mary Jane (Mrs. W. F. Gilchrist), whose birth oc- 
 curred Oct. 9, 1840; Margaret W. (Mrs. W. H. 
 Coleman), born Oct. 9, 1842; Josephine (Mrs. 
 T. D. Barker), born Oct. 6, 1844; Harriet B. 
 (Mrs. W. H. Peck), born Sept. 1, 1846; James 
 J., born Sept. 2, 1848; and Carrie Van Nest, 
 whose birth occurred Feb. 29, 1864 ; all of these 
 are still living. The business capacity manifested 
 by Mr. Todd has made his assistance invaluable 
 in various enterprises connected with the township 
 and county. He has been a director of the Wal- 
 den Savings-Bank, president of the Wallkill Valley 
 Cemetery Association, and a director of the Newburgh 
 and Ellenville Plank-Road Company. He has also been 
 auditor of the board of township officers. Mr. Todd 
 is in politics a Republican, and was an ardent supporter 
 of measures for the successful prosecution of the late 
 war. He was educated in the faith of the Presbyte- 
 rian Church, though his affiliations have more recently 
 been with the Reformed ( Dutch) denomination. 
 
The genealogical tree of llic Kidd family indicates 
 their Scotch-Irish descent. A branch of the family 
 sailed for American shores from the north of Ireland 
 before the war of the Revolution. Among them was 
 Alexander, the great-grandfather of John, who became 
 the proprietor of a large tract of land in Orange 
 County during the year 1736, a portion of which is 
 now embraced in the estate of the present representa- 
 tive of the family in Montgomery. 
 
 Alexander Kidd was married to Miss Jane Calder- 
 wood, and had sons, — Robert, Alexander, and James, 
 and daughters, — Anna and Hannah. Robert, the 
 eldest son, was united in marriage to Mary McGowan, 
 and became the father of the following children : 
 Andrew, John, Daniel, Robert, Archibald, William, 
 Margaret, Jane, and Mary. Andrew, the father of 
 John, was born June 27, 1772, on the homo farm, and 
 spent his life in agricultural employments. Ho was, 
 in 1802, married to Miss Margaret Kidd, and had six 
 children, — John, Ann Maria (Mrs. J. Gillespie), 
 Alexander, Sidney, Robert, and Mehetabel Jane. 
 The death of Andrew Kidd occurred Feb. 17, 182(1. 
 His son John was born Oct. 26, 1803, at the parental 
 
 home, and the enjploynients incident to country life 
 absorbed his time after a few years had been spent at 
 the neighboring school. He was, on the IGth of 
 November, 1826, married to Miss Cornelia, daughter 
 of Charles Haines, of Montgomery. 
 
 Jlr. and Mrs. Kidd have had six children, — 
 Andrew, Mirza, John K., David L., Margaret J., and 
 Victor, now deceased. The death of Mrs. Kidd oc- 
 curred in June, 1876, and was the occasion of pro- 
 found grief in the family circle. 
 
 Mr. Kidd has during the whole of his active life 
 followed the occupation of a farmer, and has now a 
 deserved reputation for industry and enterprise. He 
 is a director of the Walden National Bank, is the 
 present railroad commissioner, and has been for 
 eighteen years commissioner of highways. 
 
 He is a Republican in politics, and actively inter- 
 ested in all public measures for the good of the 
 country. He was a strong and earnest supporter of 
 the late war to maintain the Union, two of his sons 
 having served in the army. Mr. Kidd is a consistent 
 member of the Reformed Dutch Church, as was also 
 Mrs. Kidd. 
 

J^OXyV^^uUi 1"^ ^^^UX^ 
 
MONTGOMERY. 
 
 411 
 
 its organization. In his religious belief he is a Pres- j that of the " Covenanters," all the family, with one 
 byterian,andamemberof the church in Montgomery, \ exception, being members of the church of that de- 
 af which he is a trustee. Mrs. Senior and all the nomination located at Coldenham. 
 children are also consistent members of the church. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER J. MOULD. 
 Germany was the fatherland of the original repre- 
 sentatives of the Mould family, members of whom 
 emigrated to America at an early date, and at a sub- 
 sequent period became residents of Montgomery, 
 Orange Co. The tract of land upon which they 
 settled is now occupied by the sixth generation. 
 Christopher, the grandfather of the subject of this 
 biography, was born and resided upon the paternal 
 estate. He was married, and became the father of 
 John C, Philip, Catharine, Anna, Mary, and . 
 
 JAMES 11. W, BEATTIE. 
 
 The great-grandfather of the subject of this biog- 
 raphy was Robert Beattie, a native of Ireland, who 
 emigrated to America and settled in Ulster Co., 
 N. Y. Among his children was Robert, the grand- 
 father of James R. W., who in 1794 purchased the 
 homestead now occu})ied by his grandson. He was 
 united in marriage to Miss Crowell, a lady of Irish 
 parentage, and had children, — John, Thomas, Wil- 
 liam, Robert, James, Smith, Hannah, and Mary. Of 
 these children, James, the father of Mr. Beattie, was 
 born Oct. 14, 178G, and at an early age ])ursued the 
 avocations of a farmer's son. He acquired at a later 
 period the trade of a tanner and currier, which he 
 followed with success during his lifetime. He was 
 married Feb. 6, 1810, to Miss Charlotte, daughter of 
 David Belknap, who located in the township of New- 
 burgh in 1769, having purchased land, of which the 
 deed is still in possession of the family. Their chil- 
 dren were Elizabeth Frances, born in 1811; Char- 
 lotte Sophelia, born in 1813 ; Catharine Isabella, 
 born in 1815 ; Hannah Jane, born in 1817 ; Justus S. 
 McLeod, born in 1819; Maria O. B., born in 1823; 
 James R. W., born in 1825; Sarah M.. born in 1829; 
 and Matilda, born in 1831. James Beattie died March 
 29, 1871, at his late residence in Montgomery. Mrs. 
 Beattie survived until December 2(5, 1874, and died 
 in her eighty-sixth year. 
 
 James R. W. was born June 12, 1825, on the home- 
 stead, where his life, with the exception of a brief 
 period, has been passed. His early years differed but 
 little from those of other youths of similar surround- 
 ings, having been sjjent at the public school of the 
 neighborhood and in tilling the land owned by his 
 father. In 1874 this land became his own by inherit- 
 ance. He was united in marriage March 22, 1854, to 
 Miss Elizabeth, daughter of William and Elizabeth 
 Martin Fleming. The Fleming family were originally 
 residents of County Antrim, Ireland, and having emi- 
 grated to America in 1832, settled in the township of 
 Newburgh. Mr. and Mrs. Beattie have had six chil- 
 dren, — William James, born Nov. 14, 1854; Char- 
 lotte Elizabeth, born April G, 1856; Samuel Oliver, 
 born Sept. 20, 1857 ; Maria Esther, born May 9, 1861 ; 
 Frederick Martin, born Nov. 21, 1864, now deceased ; 
 and Maggie J., l)orn Sept. 13, 1867. Mr. Beattie is a 
 Republican in politics, though the engrossing duties 
 of his farm leave little time for participation in mat- 
 ters of a public nature. He has made dairying a spe- 
 cialty, though the land is also admirably adapted to 
 the raising of grain. His religious creed is that of 
 the Reformed Presbyterian Church, better known as 
 
 His son, John C, was born Feb. 3, 1783, on the home- 
 stead, where after a limited education he engaged in 
 labor upon this and the adjoining farm, where the 
 years of his life were spent. He was, June 17, 1815, 
 united in marriage to Miss Mary Shafer, of Mont- 
 gomery, who became the mother of the following 
 children : Christopher J., Catharine, Daniel, Moses, 
 Eve, Mary, Martha, Herman, Jessie, William, John 
 C, and Anna. The death of John C. occurred at his 
 home in Montgomery in March, 1870. The birth of 
 his son, Christopher J., took place on the homestead 
 May 16, 1816. He remained with his parents during 
 his boyhood, attended the neighboring school at in- 
 tervals of rest from labor upon the farm, and in 
 various ways rendered his presence invaluable to the 
 fiimily. At the age of thirty he became ambitious 
 to secure a home for himself, and removed to the 
 estate which is now the family residence. He was 
 united in marriage Dec. 14, 1845, to Miss Martha, 
 daughter of Milton Bull, of Crawford. Three chil- 
 dren were born to Mr. and Mrs. Mould, — Mary 
 Esther, whose birth occurred Sept. 10, 1846, who 
 became Mrs. A. M. Fulton, of Monticello, N. Y'., and 
 whose death occurred Sept. 3, 1874; Lemma, born 
 July 25, 1860; and Martha, born March 14, 1870. 
 Mr. Mould, though unassuming in manner, and hav- 
 ing but little ambition for the honors which accom- 
 pany public life, was nevertheless a man of much 
 influence in the community. His efforts were ever 
 directed in the cause of humanity, and all benefi- 
 cent measures found in him an earnest co-operator. 
 He was a sturdy Republican in jjolitics, and although 
 popular with his party, accepted no official prefer- 
 ment from its representatives. The cause of tem- 
 perance found in him a fearless advocate, both in his 
 official relations as excise commissioner and in private 
 life. In religion he espoused the creed of the Re- 
 formed Dutch Church, of which he had in former 
 years been an exemplary elder. 
 
 The death of Christopher J. Mould occurred May 
 24, 1881, in his sixty-fifth year. His memory is 
 cherished not less by the community than by an 
 attached family circle. ' 
 
412 
 
 HISTORY OF OKANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 MICHEL GEDNEY SNYDER. 
 
 The earliest representatives of the Snyder family 
 emigrated from Germany, though few facts regarding 
 their first settlement in America are preserved. 
 William, the grandfather of Michel G., resided one 
 mile east of St. Andrew's, in the township of Mont- 
 gomery, where he followed (arming employments 
 during his life. He was married to Miss Elizabeth 
 Redmond, and had children, — Catharine, John, Wil- 
 liam, Elizabeth, Abram, Jane, Michel, Phebe. His 
 death occurred Sept. 12, 1829, in his sixty-seventh 
 year. 
 
 Michel Snyder, the father of the subject of this bi- 
 ographical sketch, was born July 28, 1804, in Mont- 
 gomery, the scene of his lifetime labors and later of 
 his death. He was during the year 1S24 united in 
 marriage to Miss Priscilla Mullenix, of Newburgh, to 
 whom were born children, — William, Henry, Michel 
 Gedney, Abram, and John .James, of whom but two, 
 Abram and Michel Gedney, survive. 
 
 The death of Mr. Snyder occurred Jan. 11, 1873, in 
 his sixty-eighth year. 
 
 His son, Michel G., was born on the home farm in 
 Montgomery, Aug. 7, 183.S, where he remained during 
 his early manhood. The school of the district offered 
 opportunities for education while a lad, and later 
 years were busily occupied in labor upon the farm. 
 Mr. Snyder was on the eighth day of October, 1861, 
 married to Mrs. Catharine Louisa, daughter of John 
 and Frederika Moadinger, of New York City, and 
 widow of the late Alexander Gedney, to whom was 
 born by the first marriage one daughter, Alice Gedney, 
 now Mrs. Henry Seeley. Mr. Snyder is a Democrat in 
 his political sentiments, but gives little time to the 
 excitements of public life. He is better known as 
 a thrifty and very successful farmer, whose cultivated 
 lands and attractive surroundings bear witness to his 
 enterprise. Both Mr. and Mrs. Sn\Tlcr are supporters 
 of the Reformed Dutch Church of Walden, at which 
 they are regular worshipers. 
 
 CRAWFORD. 
 
 I.— SITUATION, BOUNDARIES, AREA, TITLE. 
 
 This is the northernmost town of those which 
 border upon the county of Sullivan. It is bounded 
 north by that county and the county of Ulster, east 
 by Ulster County and the town of Montgomery, south 
 by Wallkill, west by Wallkill and the counties of 
 Sullivan and Ulster. 
 
 The area of the town, as stated in the supervisors' 
 equalization table of 1879-80, is 24,6931 acres. The 
 assessed valuation of the town was $950,180, and the 
 total tax paid upon that basis was $12,591.21. 
 
 Crawford was a part of the original John Evans 
 Patent. After this was set aside, the territory in this 
 section was disposed of in various smaller grants to 
 Philip Schuyler and others. 
 
 Among other parcels of land frequently mentioned 
 in discussing titles in Crawford are the " 8000 acre 
 tract" on which Pine Bush is situated, and the " 10,000 
 acre tract" next south of the " 8000." The patents 
 represented in Crawford are the following: 
 
 1. Tliomas Ellison and Lawrence Roome, Nov. 12, 1750, 
 
 2. Frederick Morrie and Samuel Heath, Jan. 24, 173(i. 
 
 3. Jacobus Bruyn aud Henry Wilcmau, April 26, 1722. 
 
 4. Philip Schuyler and others, SOOO acres, July 7, 1720. 
 
 6. Part of the patent to Jeremiah Schuyler and others, Jan. 22, 1719. 
 6. Part of Thomas Noxon's Patent, Feb. 21, 1737. 
 
 II.— NATURAL FEATURES. 
 The surface of this town may be described as a hilly 
 upland, broken by several high ridges that extend 
 northeast and southwest. Collaburgh and Comfort 
 
 Hills, along the border, rise from 100 to 200 feet above 
 the valleys. The principal stream is the Shawangunk, 
 which flows along the northwest border, forming the 
 boundary line of Sullivan County; and lower down, 
 of Ulster County. It is a rapid stream and has a 
 large number of valuable water privileges, many of 
 which have been utilized. The principal branch of 
 the Shawangunk in this town is the Pakadasiuk, 
 which flows northeast and also supplies power for 
 various mills. In the eastern part of the town, and 
 flowing through a valley somewhat parallel to that 
 of the Shawangunk, is the Dwaars Kill. It has 
 its sources in this town and farther south in Wall- 
 kill. There are several swamps of considerable ex- 
 tent, — one northwest from the Sinsabaugh neighbor- 
 hood and one southeast from Searsburgh. The latter 
 is drained by a small stream flowing north to Dwaars 
 Kill. (See General History.) 
 
 III.— EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The early settlement of this town is very largely 
 blended with that of the old precinct of Wallkill and 
 the subsequent town of Montgomery, from which 
 Crawford was taken ; and reference is made to the 
 chapters upon those towns for much interesting ma- 
 terial relating in part to the territory now constituting 
 Crawford. Especial attention is called to the Weller 
 settlement, which in part was upon the territory of 
 what is now Crawford. In the vicinity of Searsville 
 
CKAWFOKD. 
 
 413 
 
 tliere was an early settlement made by Johannes 
 Snyder, where he owned a large tract of land, situate 
 on both sides of the Dwaars Kill. This stream at the 
 time furnished a greater water-])ower than at present, 
 in the cleared-up condition of tlie county. At this 
 place he erected a log mill, which was known on the 
 town records as Snyder's Mill in 1768. Thi.s is in the 
 present town of Crawford. Mr. Snyder, being a man 
 of means, built a log church, also known as Snyder's 
 Church, at the above period. The preaching was in 
 Dutch, and the church worn out before the Revolu- 
 tion. The family is Dutch, and settled here as early 
 is 1740. 
 
 The western boundary of the town, at the time we 
 ^peak of, was the Shawangunk Kill. On this Mr. 
 Robert Milliken erected a saw-mill, called Milliken's 
 Mill on the town records in 1768. This appears to 
 be the earliest mention of a saw-mill on this stream, 
 riie following mills formerly were on this kill, within 
 the breadth, though not all within the limits of the 
 town. Beginning at the south, and counting down 
 the stream, we have first the old flour-mill of Pat. 
 Boice; next was Milliken's saw-mill; next. Sears' 
 irist-mill ; next, Abraham Bruyn's flour-mill; and 
 last, Cornelius Slott's saw- and grist-mill. This last 
 was afterwards owned by his son, Arthur Slott, who 
 gathered around him, on his own property, a village 
 af a dozen tenements. 
 
 The ancestors of Mr. Slott were among the most 
 ancient in the State. The family came from Holland 
 to the city of New York in 1670. This is proved by 
 family records. On arriving at New York they lo- 
 cated at Hackensack, in New Jersey. After a number 
 3f years they removed to Rockland County, N. Y., 
 ind from there to Montgomery, on the Tinn Brock, at 
 ivliat has been called Slott town. By this time the 
 Ad generation had died early, and Cornelius Slott, 
 ibove named, was the active member of this branch 
 jf the family. Though understanding several of the 
 mechanic arts, he confined himself to agriculture. 
 When the militia were ordered out to defend Fort 
 Montgomery, in 1777, Mr. Slott went with his com- 
 pany as an orderly sergeant. The fort was taken, 
 and Mr. Slott made prisoner. He was taken to New 
 York and put in the old Sugar-House, where he was 
 confined ten months. When set at liberty he returned 
 to his farm with a constitution injured by the service 
 iud hard and cruel treatment while in prison. He sold 
 bis farm in 1785, and moved to the city of New York. 
 In 1790 he moved back to Orange, and made a pur- 
 chase of the mill site at Pine Bush, and in the same 
 yenT put up a saw-mill on the Shawangunk Kill, just 
 below the mouth of the little Pakadasink. In 1791 
 be erected the grist-mill near the site of Arthur 
 Slott's mill of modern times. When he first settled 
 at this place there was no public road leading to his 
 Qiill, and he called the commissioners of the town, 
 tvho laid out a road from Hopewell north to his mill, 
 bhen across the stream to intersect the old Shawan- 
 
 gunk road that led to Albany. The sons of Cornelius 
 were Arthur, Johannes, and Cornelius. 
 
 There was a settlement near Graham's Church that 
 deserves notice. The residents were Mr. Abraham 
 Dickerson, John Robinson, and Philip Decker. The 
 last two were from Holland ; the first, of Irish descent. 
 Mr. Dickerson had a saw-mill on a small stream near 
 his house, which was worn out and gone about the 
 beginning of this century. 
 
 The valley of the Wallkill throughout the town was 
 among the earliest portions settled. This was effected 
 by Germans, Hollanders, and a few Huguenots, some 
 of whom came directly to the town on arriving in the 
 country, and others from the settlements previously 
 made in Ulster County. 
 
 From William Jordan, — residing at the time of his 
 death at Bloomingburgh, — the following items were 
 obtained : 
 
 His father's name was Robert Jordan, and he 
 came from Ireland to this country in 1771. He 
 worked for a few years with various persons in the 
 town of Wallkill. He married Mary Bull, daughter 
 of the second William Bull. At that time she was 
 the widow Wilkin, her first husband, George Wilkin, 
 having been taken prisoner by the British in the 
 Revolution, and died in the infamous " Sugar-House 
 Prison." About 1784 or 1785, Robert Jordan settled 
 at Bullville, in the town of Crawford. His children 
 were Moses, who lived and died in the north part of 
 Wallkill ; John, who settled in the same neighbor- 
 hood ; and William, who was born April 4, 1793. 
 
 The wife of the latter was Cornelia Bull, daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Bull. He settled at Bullville and 
 spent a large portion of his life there, serving as 
 justice of the peace for thirty-two years. For the 
 last seventeen years he resided at Bloomingburgh, 
 Sullivan Co. The pioneer, Robert Jordan, had a 
 brother, John Jordan, who came over with him. There 
 was also another brother, Jonathan Jordan, who had 
 been at Bullville for four years precedihg, so that he 
 must have settled there in 1767. Among the neigh- 
 bors of Robert Jordan at the time of his settlement 
 at Bullville or a little later were Joseph Elder, James 
 Barclay, Samuel Barclay, John Martin, and Daniel 
 Bull. Jonathan Harris, before the Revolution, owned 
 the place upon which Robert Jordan afterwards set- 
 tled. Thomas Turner owned 300 acres of land at 
 Bullville. Mr. Jordan recalls the name of several 
 early teachers who taught in Crawford in his boyhood, 
 viz. : John Hardcastle, William Brown, Mr. Reed, 
 Mr. Crosby. A pioneer at Searsville was William 
 Snider, who owned a large tract of land, and lived 
 there before the Revolution. There is a tradition 
 that he buried a sum of money to save it during the 
 Revolutionary troubles, and that a faithful negro alone 
 knew the place of deposit. For his faithfulness in 
 not betraying it to the enemy the negro received his 
 freedom after the war was over. An early settler be- 
 fore the Revolution is said to have been one Wiltsey, 
 
414 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 and there is an uncertain tradition that he was shot 
 as a Tory during the war. Joseph Elder was a black- 
 smith. Nathan Johnson was an early shoemaker and 
 went around from house to house to make up shoes, 
 a business known as " whipping the cat." Johnson 
 was brought up by Mr. Mills, who had lived in Little 
 Britain and made shoes for the army before coming 
 to Wallkill. At Bullville there was an old orchard 
 set out before the Revolution, all gone some years ago. 
 William Jordan stood several drafts in the war of 
 1812, but was not drawn at any one of them. He was 
 afterwards a colonel of the Shawangunk regiment of 
 militia. He lived under every President of the United 
 States, and liad been a voter for sixty-six years. He 
 voted for DeWitt Clinton for Governor. He first voted 
 directly for Presidential electors in 1828. He voted 
 the regular Democratic ticket in unbroken succession 
 from that time to his death; voted for the success- 
 ful candidates, Andrew Jackson, 1828 and 1832; Mar- 
 tin Van Buren, 1836 ; James K. Polk, 1844 ; Frank- 
 lin Pierce, 18o2 ; James Buchanan, 180(5 ; and for 
 the unsuccessful candidates, Jlartin Van Buren, 1840 ; 
 Lewis Cass, 1848; Stephen A. Douglas, 1860; Gen. 
 McClellan, 1864; Horatio Seymour, 1868; Horace 
 Greeley, 1872; Samuel J. Tilden, 1876; and Gen. 
 Hancock, 1880. 
 
 . The following notes upon a few prominent citizens 
 are partly upon the authority of Mr. Samuel W. Eager, 
 the historian, confirmed and enlarged by present 
 inquiry : 
 
 Benjamin^ Sears. — This gentleman was rather a 
 remarkable man. Nature had done a good deal for 
 him ; and if his natural talents had been cultivated 
 and enlarged by a suitable education, few men in the 
 county would have excelled him in business opera- 
 tions. The reach of his mind was extensive, and he 
 could see the end from the beginning. But his edu- 
 cation was very limited, and his memory his account- 
 book. His power of recollection was astonishing; 
 somewhat owing, perhaps, to great cultivation and 
 exercise. Whatever he once knew he never forgot, 
 so deeply was it engraven on his memory. 
 
 Mr. Sears, in the early period of his life, had been 
 a constable of the town of Montgomery, then includ- 
 ing Crawford. Of the hundreds of executions in his 
 hands during that time, thirty years afterwards he 
 could tell by the force of memory every person he 
 bad had one against, and the amount marked by the 
 justice on the back of it in pounds, shillings, and 
 pence. Mr. Sears kept store for many years, and in 
 the fall was in the habit of taking cattle from his 
 customers in payment of their accounts. One hun- 
 dred head might be delivered to him in this way in 
 the course of a few days, and if they were passed 
 through a pair of bars singly, so as to be distinctly 
 seen, he could tell the precise age, the person from 
 whom purchased, and the one or more lost, if any, 
 with the color, age, and a minute descripticm of each. 
 We need not be astonished at this, for every faculty, 
 
 if daily cultivfited and depended on as this was, is 
 capable of exhibiting the same wonderful results. 
 Let all appreciate the truth of this remark and be 
 benefited thereby. 
 
 Of this family there were five brothers, Benjamin, 
 Samuel, John, James, and Elnathan, all of whom 
 were among the early settlers of Montgomery, and 
 performed military duty during the Revolution. Their 
 descendants are numerous, and found in every call- 
 ing and pursuit of life. 
 
 Joseph Elper. — This individual was of Irish 
 origin, but at what time the familj- came into the 
 country or town we are not informed. During the 
 Revolution he was a young man, and some militia 
 troops to which he belonged were ordered to the 
 north. At a fixed time they were to be at Newburgh 
 or New Windsor, and transported up the river on 
 board a sloop provided for the purpose. Mr. Elder, 
 for some cause, did not arrive at the place of rendez- 
 vous till too late to take his passage ; the sloop had 
 left with a fair wind and out of sight above the Dan- 
 skammer. Go he must or be called a Tory, and there 
 was no recourse left him but to try the distance on foot. 
 Elder, young, patriotic, and of an iron frame of body, 
 buckled on his knapsack, shouldered his musket, and 
 started. Though the sloop made a good passage for 
 those times and had the best of the start. Elder beat 
 her to Albany by several hours. 
 
 The farm on which he lived was quite stony, though 
 when cleared the land was productive, and Elder, 
 like the rest of his neighbors, converted his useless 
 stones into wall to fence his farm. In building these 
 he scarcely ever used a team to gather and convey 
 the stones to their destination. With a large leather 
 apron girt about his loins, holding the end gathered 
 up in one hand, and tumbling the stones into it with 
 the other, when full he would raise himself erect, and, 
 without apparent eftbrt, carry them off to the wall 
 and i)ut them in place. This course he would pursue 
 from time to time till the walls were finished. He 
 was industrious and eminently robust and powerful. 
 Looking on his muscular and giant frame he re- 
 minded one of ancient Milo, who could lift a grown 
 bullock over an ordinarily high fence. His children, 
 of whom several were sons, partook of the magnitude 
 and physical character of the father, with great family 
 similitude in other respects. 
 
 Mr. Elder had received but a very limited educa- 
 tion, yet posse-ssing strong natural good sense, he was 
 fitted to discharge the duties of the various town offices 
 to public satisfaction. He was many years a magis- 
 trate of the town, and if he erred at any time, the 
 fault was of the head and not of the heart, for he was 
 proverbially an upright and honest man. 
 
 Daniel Bull. — We cannot in this place omit an 
 honorable mention of Mr. Bull. He was the son 
 of Thomas Bull, who was the son of William Bull, 
 the early settler at Hamptonburgh. His father lived at 
 theold stone mansion in the present town of Hampton- 
 
CRAWFORD. 
 
 415 
 
 burgh, on the road from Montgomery to Goshen, and 
 known as the Cad Bull stone house. He removed to 
 this town before he was of age, upon a large tract of 
 new rough land, then owned by his father, and located ! 
 himself His father, Thomas, was infirm towards the 
 latter part of his life, and when about to make his 
 will and settle liis worldly affairs had thoughts of 
 selling his land in Crawford, which was then worth 
 about $2.50 per acre, and for which he had an offer, 
 and asked his son Daniel, then a lad of about fifteen 
 years of age, whether he had better settle it or let 
 him take care of it. Daniel replied that if he would 
 give it to him he "would try to take care of it." His 
 father concluded to try him, and made his will accord- 
 ingly. This gave the young man confidence and in- 
 creased his pride ; and the community at this day can 
 judge of the manner in which he fulfilled this early 
 filial promise. In 1780, when nineteen years of age, 
 he married Miss Catharine Miller, who was younger 
 still, and forthwith commenced clearing up his new 
 estate. 
 
 The winter of 1780 was celebrated all over this 
 country for its length and the depth of its snow. It 
 was so deej) and liardened by the severity of the 
 weather that for some time the people of the county, 
 in transacting their necessary or pleasure business, 
 drove their horses and sleighs in any and all direc- 
 tions across the fields irrespective of the fences. Mr. i 
 Bull and Miss Miller went to Goshen to be married by 
 Mr. Carr, of the Presbyterian Church, and that day a , 
 fall of snow commenced, which, with previous ones, 
 deepened the road so much there was no traveling the ! 
 next day. There the new-married pair spent two 
 weeks of the honeymoon. 
 
 Thirteen children were the fruits of this early mar- 
 riage, the most of whom grew up and were married. 
 Their names, and to whom married, are as follows : 
 Thomas, married Sarah Mills ; Hannah, married Alex. 
 Thompson ; Abner, married Maria Brinson ; David C, 
 married Maria Barkley; Keturah, married William 
 Bull ; Catharine, married James H. Crawford ; Mary, 
 married Rev. John Johnston; Henry, married Jane 
 Stitt; Milton, married Esther Crawford ; Sarah, mar- 
 ried Denton Mills; Miller, not married; Daniel, mar- 
 ried Sarah Thompson ; John, died young. 
 
 Mr. Bull was an industrious farmer from his early 
 days. As an evidence of his practical agriculture, 
 we refer the reader to the list of prizes awarded him 
 by the society, which we think are more numerous 
 than those awarded to any other family in the county. 
 Few individuals have cleared up and subdued more , 
 wild land, and placed it in a good agricultural condi- ' 
 tion for their children. The obligations of parent, 
 citizen, and friend, imposed on him through the 
 course of a long life, were duly and faithfully dis- 
 charged ; while those of a superior and more holy 
 character e(jually shared his careful attention and 
 pious regard. He was an early friend to the construc- 
 tion of the Newburgh and Cochecton turn pike -road, 
 
 and, with an interval of one year, continued a direc- 
 tor from the organization of the company, upwards 
 of forty years. This company had semi-annual meet- 
 ings, and, with one or two excei)tions at furthest, he 
 was always present. This fiict proves two things,— 
 good health and a virtuous discharge of public duties. 
 
 The Crawfords of this section are descendants of 
 John Crawford, who purchased land in New Windsor 
 Oct. 18, 1737. They were very early residents of this 
 town, and their descendants are numerous and now 
 widely scattered. The names of James, John, Wil- 
 liam, and Samuel appear upon the old military roll of 
 1738 for " Wal!-a-kill," and the family name repeat- 
 edly occurs in all subsequent records of this territory 
 down to the present time. We are not in possession 
 of data that will enable us to connect the families of 
 later years to those of a century and a half ago. A 
 few notes upon one branch throw some light upon 
 the modern names in this town. Robert I. Crawford 
 was a prominent man in the early part of this cen- 
 tury. His homestead was near the old Hopewell 
 Church. Of his children, Robert and Theron settled 
 in Crawford, Addison in Crawford, near Searsville, 
 Leander and George at Middletown, Albert, another 
 son, died in early life ; daughters were Mrs. Stansbury 
 Gillespie, Mrs. Hill Harris, Millicent, who died un- 
 married, Esther and Emeline, also unmarried. Robert 
 I. Crawford had a brother Israel, and he had two 
 sons, Israel and Leartus. Mrs. Crawford Gillespie 
 was a sister of Robert I. Crawford, and Mrs. Daniel 
 Shafer also. Xancy, another sister, died unmarried. 
 The records of Montgomery and those of the town 
 of Crawford furnish many other names of this family, 
 in whose honor this fertile town was named. 
 
 TnoMPSoN Brothers. — The settlement of the 
 Thompson brothers was made at an early day, prob- 
 ably during the Revolutionary war, about 1776. 
 They were from Ireland, county Longford. After 
 coming to this country they lost a part of what 
 funds they had by the depreciation of Continental 
 currency. The three — Alexander, Andrew, and Rob- 
 ert A. — came to Crawford, with good judgment 
 selected a fine location, and purchased 600 acres on 
 what is now known as Thompson's Ridge. They 
 divided the tract into three equal farms, each brother 
 hkving one of them. Alexander's homestead was 
 the north farm, now owned by the present Alex- 
 ander Thompson, and on a part of which Hopewell 
 Church stands. Andrew's was the next soutli, being 
 the farm now occupied by Nathan T. Thompson, 
 a great-grandson of Andrew. The homestead of 
 Robert A. was the south farm of the three, now oc- 
 cupied by Wm. H. and Robert I. Thompson, great- 
 grandsons of the original owner. These three farms 
 have been owned by the Thompsons from the time of 
 the first settlement to the present. For the first 
 time in about one hundred years of occupancy the 
 middle farm of the three is now offered for sale. The 
 children of the pioneer Alexander were Alexander, 
 
416 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Jr., one daughter who died young, and one who 
 became the wife of Col. Moses Crawford, near Colla- 
 burgh. The children of Alexander, Jr. (whose wife 
 was a daughter of Daniel Bull), were Albert, of On- 
 tario County, a physician ; Augustus, of Crawford ; 
 Daniel, the supervisor of the town for a long series of 
 years, and superintendent of the Crawford Railroad ; 
 John Alexander, a lawyer of Monticello ; Mrs. Hon. 
 Alex. C. Niven, Monticello; Mrs. W. W. Jackson, 
 Hamptonburgh ; Mrs. Hiram Phillips, Hampton ; 
 Mrs. S. Sherman, D.avenport, Iowa ; and Mrs. Samuel 
 C. Brush and Mrs. Wm. H. Smith, of New York City. 
 
 The sons of the pioneer Andrew were James, Wil- 
 liam, Robert R., Alexander, and George, all of whom 
 settled in Crawford. There were two daughters, Mrs. 
 Nathan Young and Mrs. Isaac Schultz. The sons of 
 the pioneer Robert A. were Robert A., Jr., and An- 
 drew, the latter of whom became a minister and died 
 at Mount Hope. There weretwo daughters, Mrs. Hugh 
 Barcley and Isabella, the latter of whom died in earlj' 
 life. The family, as a rule, were long lived. Robert 
 died at the age of ninety, Alexander at the age of 
 seventy-five, and Alexander, Jr., at the age of eighty- 
 five. 
 
 Rainey Family. — David Rainey was probably in 
 Crawford before the Revolution. He settled on the 
 homestead now owned by A. R. Taylor, and known 
 as the " Brock House Farm," near Pine Bush. His 
 children were David, Jr., James, William, and Mrs. 
 Crane. Two others, Susan and Jane, died young. 
 
 A sister of David Rainey, Sr., married James Mc- 
 Burney, a Revolutionary soldier. Their children were 
 Mrs. John Taylor, Mrs. John Wool, William McBur- 
 ney, David McBurney, Elizabeth, Mary, and James. 
 
 The present Theron Hill place was settled by his 
 ancestor at an early day. 
 
 Other Pioneers.— Mr. Whitten, an early pioneer, 
 located where Jacob Whitten now lives. 
 
 Mr. A. R. Taylor, now for more than thirty years 
 intimately connected with Pine Bush and the north 
 part of Crawford, was from Ulsterville. His ancestor 
 was a British soldier, who espoused the American 
 cause about the time of Montgomery's unsuccessful 
 expedition to Canada. He served in the American 
 forces, and finally settled in Shawangunk. 
 
 The town officers chosen in 1823, as given under 
 the head of organization, below, are all dead except 
 Ira Clark, an illustration of how complete is the work 
 of death in a single half-century upon those who at 
 its beginning have already attained manhood. 
 
 William W. Crawford, the first supervisor, lived 
 east of Thompson's Ridge, on the farm now owned 
 by John Erskine Crawford. Oliver Mills lived atS- 
 Searsville, and had a small grist-mill. Jacobus 
 Smith resided on the place now owned by his son 
 Henry. Moses Crawford lived at Collaburgh, where 
 Alexander Crawford uow resides. 
 
 Daniel Bull is the well-known citizen, already men- ■>■ 
 tioned, who purchased lUOO acres at Bullville. His ' 
 
 homestead was the place now owned by the heirs of 
 the late David C. Bull. Henry Weller lived on 
 Comfort Hill. Robert D. Hunter resided near Pine 
 Bush, where his grandson, Townley Crawford, now 
 lives. Samuel Stevenson lived near the extreme 
 southeast part of this town. Archibald Crawford 
 lived in Pine Bush. He had kept a hotel at Colla- 
 burgh, and was also a surveyor. 
 
 John C. Nicholson, the first collector, was at Sears- 
 ville, though he lived for a time in another part of 
 the town. 
 
 Lewis Scott lived at Old Hopewell. Alexander 
 Thompson's place was where the present Alexander 
 Thompson now lives. Hieronomus Weller was a 
 blacksmith at Pine Bush. Isaac Van Doren, one of 
 the inspectors of common schools, was the minister 
 of that name mentioned in the church histories. 
 George Hunter and Cliarles Winfield, the other two 
 school inspectors, were the physicians mentioned 
 elsewhere. The teachers were thus placed under the 
 care of the ministers and the doctors. Joseph Elder, 
 town officer of 1823, was the well-known prominent 
 citizen of Bullville. James Bruyn resided where 
 Leander Gillespie now lives. John W. Henrj' was 
 in the western part of the town. Peter Weller lived 
 a mile above Bullville, on the place now owned by 
 Edwin Green. Nathaniel Hunter lived near Pine 
 Bush, on the place now owned by George D. Shafer. 
 Benjamin Dickerson resided in the west part of the 
 town. Edward Schoonmaker kept a hotel at Old 
 Hopewell. Arthur Slott resided at Pine Bush and 
 owned the grist-mill. David Sease, town clerk for 
 many years, resided at Searsville, and was sheriff" of 
 the county for some years. 
 
 It is unnecessary to continue this memorandum 
 upon the names of the thirty-nine overseers of high- 
 ways, for the number of the districts, as given below, 
 will easily indicate their location. 
 
 Coming down to a later period, the following mem- 
 orandum of road districts for 1813, taken from the 
 town-books of Montgomery, shows very nearlj' the 
 names and location of the families of Crawford sev- 
 enty years ago. The numbers are of course those of 
 1813, not of the present time. 
 
 The remainder of the districts are given in the 
 chapter on Montgomery. The names upon the terri- 
 tory of the two towns are so similar that it is difficult 
 to assign the districts to each town with exactness. 
 Several of them were very likely joint districts as the 
 town line now exists. 
 
 District No. 8. — From the school-house No. 20 to 
 the town line near the Widow Shear's, and from the 
 turnpike near Peter Weller's to the town line. Nich- 
 olas Leybolt (overseer), Robert Jordan, Joseph Elder, 
 Thomas Bull, David Shurdy, William Kirkead, Ed- 
 ward Sloter, John Cavanaugh, Ephraim Hunt, John 
 Jordan, Moses Jordan, Thomas Brass, Joseph Fitz- 
 gerald, P. Weller. 
 
 District No. 9. — From the town line near Samuel 
 
CRAWFORD. 
 
 417 
 
 Stephenson's to William Gross, and from the school- 
 house near David Redfield's to Wra. Sherer's bridge. 
 Eli Godfrey (overseer), Esther McCreery, Tobias God- 
 frey, Widow Hill, Joseph McCreery. 
 
 District No. 10. — From Robert Fitzgerald's to Fred- 
 erick Shafer's bridge. Nicholas Hulslander (over- 
 .seer), Frederick Shafcr, Fred Loring, .Tolin Cruver, 
 Nathaniel Caldwell, John Caldwell, William Elder, 
 Abraham Caldwell, James Caldwell, Dennis Hunt, 
 Robert W. Crawford. 
 
 District No. 11. — From Milliken's bridge to Fitz- 
 gerald's well. Philip Hulslander (overseer), Robert 
 Fitzgerald, Catharine Cross, Philip Dixon, Jesse 
 Dickerson, Benjamin Dickerson, John Noble, Wm. 
 M. Johnston, Jacob Fitzgerald. 
 
 District No. 14. — Robert D. Hunter, Samuel Gilles- 
 pie, Wm. Gunyon, Wm. Raiuey, Arthur McKinney, 
 James McKinney, Elias Crans, David Robertson, 
 Henry Terwilliger, Matthias Terwilliger, Arthur 
 Johnston, Wilhelmus Hedges, John Hulslander, 
 Peter Crans, Nicholas Hulslander Wm. Thompson, 
 Hieronomus AVeller, Abraham Gillespie, Henry Tice, 
 George Tice, Jacob Snyder, Charles Snyder, Widow 
 Snyder, Nathaniel Hunter, George Niver, James 
 Burnenier. 
 
 District No. 15. — Jacobus Smith, Wm. Gillespie, 
 Joel Dubois, John W. Hill, Jacob More, John Sin- 
 sabaugli, Joseph Sinsabaugh, John More, Cornelius 
 Madden, James Thompson, Charles Winfield, Abra- 
 ham Mould, Cornelius Slott, Jonathan Millspaugh, 
 William Hunter, James Slott. Johannes Slott, Cor- 
 nelius Slott, Jr., James Mould, Henry Mould, John 
 W. Montross, James Tice, Matthew W. McKinney, 
 Ichabod McKinney, Nicholas Hulslander, David Mc- 
 Burney, Wm. McBurney, James McBurney, Samuel 
 Gillespie, Jr. 
 
 District No. 16 (Thompson's Ridge). — William 
 Lewis, Nathaniel Brown, Nathan Crawford, Charles 
 Johnston, Manuel Van Gordon, Increase Crosby, 
 James Fitzgerald, Hugh Shearer, William Thompson, 
 John Shorter, Abraham Shorter, Jane Barkley, John 
 Freeland, Robert A. Thompson, Robert Thompson, 
 Elizabeth Thompson, Robert J. Thompson, Alexan- 
 der Thompson, Andrew Dixon, Jonathan Crawford, 
 Edward Millspaugh, Robert Graham, Ebenezer R. 
 Ayers, Stephen Gillespie, Isaac Van Doren, Wm. W. 
 Crawford, John Graham. 
 
 District No. 17 (west part of Crawford). — William 
 Barkley, Jacob Sager, George Crawford, John Craw- 
 ford, Robert I. Crawford. Robert Fitzgerald, Philip 
 Hulslander, Philip Dixon, Catharine Cross, Benjamin 
 Dickerson, Jesse Dickerson, Nicholas Hulslander, 
 James Caldwell, John Cruvel-, Nathaniel Caldwell, 
 John Caldwell, Israel Losey, Jacob Bensel, Isaac 
 Schultz, James Torrey, Henry Gillem, Stephen Trues- 
 dell, Henry McClinton, Robert Cross, Adam Gamble, 
 Wm. Crans, Alexander P. Thompson, John Noble. 
 
 District No. 18 (Searsville). — Oliver Mills, William 
 Trumpbour, Edward Laraorney, Josiah Mills, Abner 
 
 Millspaugh, Henry Snyder, Marvin Garrettson, Penna 
 Cahill, Joseph Hunter, Abraham Vanvous, William 
 Stitt, Nathan Upright, Thomas Wilson, John B. Mil- 
 ler, John Redner, John Eichenbergh, Aaron Terwil- 
 liger, George Constable, Elisha Bodine, Adam Rumph, 
 Christian Rumph, John Sease, Jr., David Sease, Adam 
 Young, Francis Bodine, Jacob Law, Jacob Young- 
 blood, Hugh Munnin, Joseph Fulton, Joseph Barkley, 
 Lawrence Hunter, Robert Stejihenson, Thomas Craw- 
 ford, William Crawford, Joseph Conklin, John McEl- 
 heny, Abraham Miller, John Howell, Sebastian Smith, 
 Frederick Howell, John McHugh, David Lind, Lewis 
 Trumpbour, Mary Hall, Archibald Maher, John T. 
 Martin, Elizabeth Baum, William Little. 
 
 District No. 19 (southwest part of Crawford). — John 
 Gillespie, Esther McCreery, Joseph Hines, Joseph 
 Tidd, Elijah Godfrey, Lebbeus Godfrey, Elisha Dick- 
 erson, David Redfleld, Robert McClincher, John 
 Linderman, Jacob Linderman, Lewis Weller, Isaac 
 Weller, Samuel Ball. 
 
 District No. 20 (BuUville).— Daniel Bull, Henry 
 Bull, Abner Bull, Frederick Shafer, William Elder, 
 Mary McLean, Thomas Bull, William Kincaid, James 
 Barkley, Joseph Elder, Edward Holar, John Larkhead, 
 David Hurdy, Nicholas Sibolt, James Martin, 
 Ephraim Hunt, Robert Jordan, John Jordan, Charles 
 Millspaugh. 
 
 District No. 21 (southeast part of Crawford). — Bart- 
 lett Clement, Adam Bookstaver, David Poole, Moses 
 Crawford, Josiah Monrow, Nicholas Yerks, Daniel 
 Winfield, Moses Millspaugh, John McCurdy, Ephraim 
 Millspaugh, John Goldsnnth, John Sommors, Peter 
 Millspaugh, John T. Graham, Christian Eichenbergh, 
 Francis Jlickels, James Bookstaver, Samuel Waller, 
 Frederick Root, Archibald Crawford, Samuel Barkley, 
 John T. Crist, Samuel T. Crawford, John Martin. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 Dr. Crosby practiced in Crawford ; lived near Hope- 
 well Church, between the present house of worship and 
 the old one ; practiced about 1800, before and after, 
 dying probably about 1825. Dr. Charles Winfield 
 lived near Pine Bush. Dr. Hunter, of Searsville, was 
 located there many years; spent his life there, dying 
 about 1874. Dr. Griffith lived at Pine Bush ; prac- 
 ticed there for many years, and died about 1855. Dr. 
 Durkee lived a mile south of Piue Bush ; practiced for 
 fifteen years or more and died there. 
 
 IV.-ORGANIZATION. 
 This town was formed from Montgomery, March 4, 
 182.3, early enough in the spring to have the first town- 
 meeting occur that year. The propriety of organiz- 
 ing a new town arose from the fact that Montgomery 
 comprised a territory of such extent as to render the 
 transaction of public business a matter of considerable 
 trouble. It was possible also to make a convenient 
 arrangement of boundaries and form two towns each 
 with a central point accessible to all. The new town 
 very appropriately received the name of Crawford, 
 
418 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY. NEW YORK. 
 
 thus perpetuiiting the name of one of the earliest set- 
 tlers, and honoring a family of numerous branches 
 and intimately associated with all the interests of this 
 section. 
 
 FIRST TOWN-MEETINli. 
 
 The first annual town-meeting was held at the house 
 of Edward Schoonmaker, in the town of Crawford, 
 April 1, 1823, and the following town officers were 
 elected for the ensuing year: Supervisor, William W. 
 Crawford ; Town Clerk, Oliver Mills ; Assessors, 
 Robert I. Crawford, Jacobus Smith, Jloses Crawford; 
 Overseers of the Poor, Daniel Bull, Henry Weller;: 
 Commissioners of Highways, Robert D. Hunter, Sam- 
 uel Stevenson, Archibald Crawford; Collector, John 
 C. Nicholson; Constables, John C. Nicholson, Lewis 
 Scott; Commissioners of Common Schools, Oliver 
 Mills, Alexander Thompson, Hieronomus Weller;v 
 Inspectors of Common Schools, Isaac Van Doren, 
 George Hunter, Charles Winfield ; Inspectors of 
 Election, Joseph Elder, Alexander Thompson, James 
 Bruyn; Fence-Viewers, John W. Henry, Peter 
 \i Weller, Nathaniel Hunter. 
 
 The following votes were passed : that there should 
 be three assessors, one collector, two constables, three 
 fence-viewers ; every man his own pound-master and 
 farm his own pound ; hogs well yoked may run at 
 large ; twenty-five dollars bounty for every wolf killed 
 in town ; collectors' fees, three cents on the dollar. 
 
 At a special town-meeting, held April 9, 1823, it 
 was voted unanimously to raise four hundred and sixty 
 dollars for the support of the poor the ensuing year. 
 
 The overseers of the highways appointed were the 
 following : 
 
 No. No. 
 
 1. Benjamin Dickerson. 21. Isaac HulsIaDder. 
 
 2. Abraham Lindenuan. 22. John Whitteu. 
 
 3. Samuel Dickei-son. 23. Edward Parlaimau. 
 
 4. Samuel Slevenson. 24. James Raiiicy. 
 
 5. Lewis Hulslauder. 25. Benjamin Manny. 
 
 6. ■William Jordan. 20. Jolin A. Sinsabaugh. 
 
 7. Alexander Millspaugh. 27. Matthew Smith. 
 
 8. Moses Crawford. 28. John Moore, 
 
 9. Lawrence Crans. 29. Abraham Miller. 
 
 10. Philip Hulslauder. 30. John McUenry. 
 
 11. Israel Crawford. 31. John B. Crawford. 
 
 12. Edward Schoonmaker. 32. Ira Clark. 
 
 13. Thomas W. Stewart. 33. Wm. W. Crawford. 
 
 14. Milton Bull. 34. Robert S. Crawford. 
 
 15. James T. Crawford. 35. Adam Young. 
 
 16. Henry Brink. 36. Wm. Kidd. 
 
 17. Grenns Gillespie. 37. Jacob Runiph. 
 
 18. Arthur Slott. 38. David .Smith. 
 
 19. William Thompson. 39. James Hill. 
 
 20. Nathaniel Hunter. 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1823-24 Wm. W. Crawford. Oliver Mills. 
 
 1825-27 " " David Sease. 
 
 1828-33 Charles Winliekl. 
 
 1834-41 Ale.\ander Thompson. " " 
 
 1841-4.3 " " Ira Clark. 
 
 1844-46 James H. Crawford. " " 
 
 1847-48 William Jordan. Hiram Young. 
 
 1849-60 Augustus Thompson. " " 
 
 1851 David R. Hunter. " " 
 
 1852-53 " " Samuel Roberson. 
 
 18.'i4-66 Daniel Thompson. " " 
 
 1857-65 " " James Comfort. 
 
 1866-71 " " Ira Clark. 
 
 1872-75 *' " James Comfort. 
 
 1876 Daniel S. Dewitt. 
 
 1877-80 Daniel Thompson. Joseph H. Clark. 
 
 ! JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 1830, David Sease, Isaac Crawford ; 1831, James W. Crawford ; 1.932, Wm. 
 Jordan, Lewis Wisner: 1833, David Sease, John H. Torrey; 1834, 
 Alexander McCreery; 1835, William Jordan, James H. Long; 1836, 
 John H. Torrey, Robert I. Crawford; 1837, David Sease; 1838, Wil- 
 liam Jordan, Cornelius Slott; 1839, Cornelius Slott, James H. Long; 
 1S40, Samuel Stevenson: 1841, Ira Clark, Robert Slater; 1842, Wil- 
 liam Jordan. Reuben F. Roberson, Wm. C. Noble; 184:1, Coruelins 
 Slott; 1844, Wm. C. Noble, Ira Clark ; 1845, Abraham H. Thompson; 
 1846, Wm. Jordan ; 1847. James Colwell ; 1848. Wn\. C. Noble, Albert 
 Sease ; 1849, Lawrence Low, Wm. C. Noble, Cornelius Slott ; 1850, 
 
 , Wm. Jordan; 1851, Henry Mould; 1852, Marcus E. Runiph; 1853, 
 
 Lawrence Low; 1854, Wm. Jordan ; 18.'i5, Henry Mould ; 1856, Mar- 
 
 I , ens E. Rumph; 1857, Archibald R.Taylor; 185S, William Jordan; 
 
 ( 1859, Lawrence Low ; 1860, Marcus E. Rumph ; 1861, Archibald R. 
 
 Taylor; 1SG3, William Jordan; 1863, Lawrence Low, Ethelbert 
 Niver; 1864, Marcus E. Rumph, John Hill, Ethelbert Niver; 1865, 
 Ethelbert Niver, .\ngustus Thompson; 1866, John Hill; 1S67, Au- 
 gustus Thompson; 1868, Thomas H. Hulse; 1869, Ethelbert Niver, 
 Marcus E. Runiph; 1870, Marcus E. Rumph; 1871, Augustus 
 Thompson ; 1S72. Hezckiah W. Tutliill ; 1873, Ethelbert Niver; 1874. 
 Marcus E. Rumph ; 1875, Alexander Thompson (same to fill vacancy); 
 187C, Hezekiah W. Tuthill, John E. Duryea; 1877, Ethelbert Niver, 
 John W. Kerr; 1878, Marcus E. Rumph; 1879, John E. Duryea; 
 188(1, John W. Kerr. 
 
 I By a written assent recorded in the ofiice of the 
 
 ' county clerk, and bearing date July 30, 1868, the sum 
 of $80,000 was fixed upon as aid to be rendered by the 
 
 : town in the construction of the Middletovvn and Craw- 
 ford Railroad. 
 
 The amount was raised and used. The interest has 
 been annually paid, but the principal remains a debt 
 
 , against the town. 
 
 v.— VILLAGES. 
 
 HOPEWELL 
 is a well-known neighborhood in the west part of the 
 town. The name was previously adopted by the 
 Presbyterian Church which was formed there as a 
 colony from the older congregation of Goodwill, in 
 Montgomery. On invitation of the hive from which 
 they had swarmed, the fanciful designation was chosen 
 as expressing perhaps their hopes of future success. 
 A former writer says of this movement : " It was the 
 case of sons and daughters leaving the old mansion 
 so dearly beloved and taking up their abode in a new 
 and distant land. Their hopes were well founded : 
 the congregation is prosperous and well endowed." 
 There is now no business in the way of trade or me- 
 chanical pursuits to be mentioned. It is a rich farm- 
 ing neighborhood, with post-office facilities at Thomp- 
 son's Ridge. 
 
 liULLVILLE . 
 
 is the name given to the post-office located in the 
 southwest part of the town near the Wallkill line. 
 Mr. Thomas Bull resided there for many years, and 
 conducted various business operations, and from him 
 the hamlet derives both its origin and its name. 
 Under the head of early settlement many facts have 
 been already given concerning this neighborhood. 
 The village is handsomely situated on high ground, 
 and with its elegant new Methodist chur.ch and sev- 
 eral fine dwellings constitutes an attractive rural place. 
 At the present time there is a store kept by Charles 
 
CRAWFORD. 
 
 419 
 
 Roe ; a hotel by Silas Dickerson ; a blacksmith-shop 
 by George McKiiiney, and another by Hugh Carroll ; 
 a creamery by Samuel Robinson ; a flour and feed 
 store and a coal-yard, also by Samuel Robinson ; to 
 these may be added Robinson's distillery. 
 
 SEARSVILLE 
 is occasionally written Searsburgh. It is situated very 
 nearly central upon the Dwaars Kill, and is named in 
 honor of Mr. Benjamin Sears, who resided there, 
 owned the mills, and was once sheriff of the county. 
 
 Among his sons were Dr. Sears ; William Sears, a 
 lawyer of New York City ; and Rev. Jacob Sears, of 
 New Jersey. The place is an old point of considera- 
 ble trade, but the opening of the railroad, leading to 
 easy connection with other villages, and not passing 
 through this, has rendered the modern trade of less 
 importance. There is now a store by Augustus Com- 
 fort; a hotel by A. R. Vanderlyn; blacksmith and 
 wagon-shop by D. W. Deyo ; blacksmith-shop by 
 Wm. Lupton ; and a grist-mill by Gilbert Roat. 
 There is also a saw-mill. The postmaster is Au- 
 gustus Comfort. Searsville is quite central, and ac- 
 cordingly the town-meetings have nearly always been 
 held there, and the general town business transacted 
 at that place. 
 
 THOMPSON'S RIDUE 
 is a short distance from Searsville, and is a station 
 upon the Crawford Branch of the New York, Ontario 
 and Western Railway (Oswego Midland) ; it also 
 has a post-office, Daniel Thompson postmaster. The 
 name is appropriate from the number of families of 
 Thompsons constituting the neighborhood. 
 
 Daniel Thompson, the superintendent of the road, 
 resides near here. At this station a large amount of 
 milk is shipped, and considerable freight and passen- 
 ger business is done. 
 
 The station buildings and a building erected for a 
 store (but only in operation occasionally) constitute 
 about all there is of the " village." There is near by 
 a beautiful grove, with convenient arrangements for 
 picnic parties, including a pond and boats. The old 
 farms of the Thompsons and others in this neighbor- 
 hood comprise some of the most productive lands, not 
 only in Crawford but in Orange County. 
 
 COLLABURGII 
 is a thickly-settled neighborhood in the south part of 
 the town. It was formerly a place of some impor- 
 tance on the old Cochecton turnpike, having a hotel 
 and the other buildings necessary to constitute a vil- 
 lage, viz. : a blacksmith-shop and a school -house. 
 The last two still remain, but the opening of the rail- 
 road system of the country brought to an end the tide 
 of travel that once passed along this important high- 
 way. 
 
 PINE BUSH 
 is a thriving business-place near the Shawangunk 
 River, in the north part of the town. It is the terminus 
 
 of the Crawford Railroad, and its post-oflSce supplies 
 quite a section of country on both sides of the river. 
 The village is pleasantly situated upon a tract of laud 
 quite level, with a fine farming country lying around 
 it. At considerable of a steep descent below the 
 Shawangunk Kill flows past the village, supplying 
 water-power to the grist-mill, which dates back to 
 Revolutionary times. In full sight beyond the river 
 are the Shawangunk Mountains, rising into a rugged 
 range, whose frowning peaks overlook the valley. 
 Northeast and east there is a distant view of the 
 Hudson River heights, marking the horizon with a 
 line of blue. Northward, between the ranges, are 
 the lower lands of the kill, stretching away in the 
 distance. Together, there is a combination of upland 
 and valley, of mountains and streams, of forest slopes 
 and cultivated fields, which constitutes an attractive 
 landscape. Summer visitors may penetrate into wilder 
 depths, may refuse to linger so near the borders of civ- 
 ilization, but surely they will travel far to find a place 
 possessing more elements of quiet beauty or a more 
 charming prospect on which to feast the eye and de- 
 light the taste than the pleasant hamlet of Pine Bush. 
 
 James Thompson was in trade at this place as early as 
 1824 or 1825. His successors in the same store were 
 Hezekiah Watkins, Tarbosch & Weller, Lewis Wis- 
 ner, Elijah Smith, and George Oakley. The building 
 stood in what is now Railroad Street, and was re- 
 moved a few years since. Elijah Smith, about 1834 
 or 1835, opened a store and continued for some ten 
 years. The building is now occupied by John Bowne 
 as a dwelling. About 1830, Dr. Ewen came to Pine 
 Bush and built the old hotel. He also kept a drug- 
 store. There was a tannery west from Wheeler's 
 house, run by Abraham IMould from 1825, or about 
 that date, and continued for a few years. Abraham 
 Mould was afterwards killed by James Mitchell in an 
 altercation. Mr. Mitchell was tried for the offense, 
 but acquitted on the ground of justifiable homicide 
 done in self-defense. 
 
 The plank-road from Ellenville to Newburgh was 
 opened about 1848, and passed through Pine Bush. 
 This was the beginning of the modern growth of the 
 village. Mr. A. R. Taylor, to whom we are indebted 
 for most of these items, came here from Ulsterville 
 about that time and bought out George Oakley's in- 
 terest in the store. At that time there were only 
 three or four dwelling-houses in the place. Mr. Tay- 
 lor continued in trade about seven years, and then 
 purchased the grist-mill, which he ran for several 
 years. The store passed to Oliver Taylor, who finally 
 built opposite the present Taylor House. 
 
 The present business of Pine Bush comprises the 
 following: the station buildings of the Crawford 
 Railroad, Earl Terwilliger agent ; two hotels, the 
 Taylor House, now kept by Hezekiah W. Cole, and 
 the well-known Decker House, now kept by S. G. 
 Decker; stores dealing in general merchandise, 
 Wheeler & Taylor, Howell & Van Keuren, J. W. 
 
420 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Parlaiman (formerly I. J. Whitten & Son), and The- 
 odore Hinoult; shoe-stores, by C. Hinoult and by 
 Napoleon Hinoult; harness-shops, by E. Decker and 
 by 0. H. Homan ; a restaurant, by A. Fuller ; a 
 fancy store, by Mrs. E. Boice ; a drug-store, by J. T. 
 Topping ; blacksmith-shops, by Hugh Lower}', by 
 Hugh Lowery, Jr., and by Amos Baker; wagon, car- 
 riage-making, and undertaking, by D. T. Bowen ; 
 wagon-shop and undertaking, by J. M. Crawford ; 
 wagon-shop, by J. V. Decker ; meat-market, by 
 Cooley & AVoodlock ; grist-mill and saw-mill, by 
 Smith & Cox ; G. B. Barnes, photographer and den- 
 tist ; exchange and livery stable, Newton Higby ; 
 dLstillery, R. E. Terry ; hardware and tin-shop, by 
 J. H. Wallace and by William Miller; coal, lumber, 
 cement, lime, etc., by W. T. Wallace (formerly 
 A. T. Deyo) ; shoemaker, Milton Terwilliger; tailor, 
 Abraham Terwilliger; millinery, Mrs. S. W. Freer; 
 creamery, D. W. Berry ; marble-works, E. Billings. 
 
 The present postmaster is W. Wheeler, who has 
 held the office about fifteen years. Before him was 
 H. W. Decker, from 1861 to 1865 ; and previous to 
 Mr. Decker, A. R. Taylor was the incumbent of the 
 office for about eight years. Earlier than this were 
 Arthur Slott and Cornelius Slott. The office was 
 originally known as Crawford, but the inconvenience 
 of the name (being the same as that of the town, with 
 two other offices in town) led to a new designation, 
 and the present name was deemed appropriate in view 
 of the old growth of pines which once covered all 
 this tract. 
 
 The growth of Pine Bush has been largely increa-sed 
 by the opening of the railroad, affording an easy op- 
 portunity of connection with the villages to the south, 
 and securing convenient freighting facilities both to 
 and from this place. Mr. A. R. Taylor has taken a 
 liberal course, as an owner of a large amount of real 
 estate, in opening new streets and contributing largely 
 to every measure of village improvement. He has 
 been largely employed as a civil engineer and sur- 
 veyor, and is still often engaged in land surveys and 
 the adjustment of boundaries. He drove the first 
 railroad stake in Chicago during an engagement at 
 the West many years ago. 
 
 following persons served one or more years each as 
 insjjectors of schools: Isaac Van Doren, George Hun- 
 ter, Charles Winfield, Andrew K. Barkley, James H. 
 Crawford, Daniel G. Durkee, Wm. B. Crawford, John 
 A. Carpenter, David Sease, Ira Clark, Augustus 
 Thompson, Robert R. Thompson, Daniel H. Smith, 
 Jacob Randall. Several. of these served for many 
 years. 
 
 The town superintendents from 1843 to 1856 were: 
 
 Annual elections, 18-14-46, Charles S. Gilbert; 1847, 
 William H. Bull. Biennial elections, 1848, William 
 H. Bull ; 1849, Ira Clark ; 1850-52, Henry J. Smith ; 
 18.54, Ira Clark (also same to fill vacancy). 
 
 The school districts at the time of the organization 
 of the town in 182.3 were the following : District No. 
 1, the school-house being near the town line, by Adam 
 Dickerson ; District No. 2, the school-house being 
 near the place of Robert D. Hunter, at Pine Bush 
 District No. ?>, the school-house being near the resi- 
 dence of .lacobus Smith, at Pine Bush ; District No 
 4, at Searsburgh ; District No. 5, school-house at Hope 
 well, near the house of Alexander Dixon ; District No 
 6, the school-house located near the Hopewell meet 
 ing-house ; District No. 7, the school-house at Mc- 
 Creery's, near the Shawangunk Kill ; District No. S, 
 the school-house near the house of Daniel Bull; Dis- 
 trict No. 9, the school-house near the residence of 
 Archibald Crawford; District No. 10, the school- 
 house near the residence of Daniel Crawford. 
 
 In No. 1 there were then 63 children between the 
 ages of five and fifteen ; in No. 2, 61 ; in No. 3, 78 ; 
 in No. 4, 70 ; in No. 5, 49 ; in No. 6, 49 ; in No. 7, 
 41 ; in No. 8, 36 ; in No. 9, 71 ; in No. 10, 25 ; in part 
 No. 6 (Wallkill), 4; in part No. 14 (Montgomery), 8; 
 total in town, 655. 
 
 The public money distributed amounted to $267.44. 
 
 VI. -SCHOOLS. 
 
 At the town-meeting of 1823 commissioners of com- 
 mon schools were chosen, viz. : Oliver Mills, Alex- 
 ander Thompson, and Hieronomus Weller. Subse- 
 quently the following other persons served one or 
 more years each in that office down to 1844: Na- 
 thaniel Hunter, Robert I. Crawford, John Hill, Geo. 
 Pitts, Moses Comfort, Samuel Stevenson, James Crist, 
 Wm. J. Smith, Robert R. Thompson, Matthew Smith, 
 Andrew A. Millspaugh, David C. Bull, John Whitten, 
 Wm. Jordan, Jacobus H. Van Keuren, Charles Win- 
 field, Wm. Case, Jason Gillespie, Lawrence Low, Sut- 
 ton Green, Garret Smith, Augustus Thompson, James 
 Elder. During the same period, 1823 to 1843, the 
 
 VII.-CHUHCHES. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN SOCIETY OP HOPEWELL 
 was incorporated by a certificate executed Feb. 25, 
 1800, at a meeting held at the church. The paper 
 was signed by Jacob Linderman and John Crawford, 
 inspectors of the election, and the trustees chosen 
 were Henry Palmer, Abraham Caldwell, William 
 Hunter, Jacob Linderman, Robert Thompson, David 
 Milligan, Daniel Bull, Nathan Crawford, and Israel 
 Losee. 
 
 The first effiDrt to build a Presbyterian church in 
 j Hopewell was made about the year 1779. All, how- 
 ever, that was done at this time was to raise and 
 inclose a building without finishing the interior, but 
 in which the people occasionally enjoyed the preach- 
 ing of the gospel. 
 
 In this situation they continued till the year 1792, 
 when they formed themselves into a body corporate 
 and chose the following persons as their board of trus- 
 tees, viz.: William Cross, Robert Milliken, Jonathan 
 Crawford, Daniel Bull, Andrew Thompson, Nathan 
 
^-^^I^ 
 
i 
 
 \ 
 
CRAWFORD. 
 
 421 
 
 Crawford, Abraham Caldwell, Robert Thompson, and 
 Robert JlcCreery. 
 
 At a meeting of the trustees, held very soon after, 
 they adopted measures to finish the inside of the 
 building, and about the same time resolved upon the 
 expediency of securing the regular preaching of the 
 gospel. They accordingly made a call on the Rev. 
 Jonathan Freeman, and on his accepting of the call 
 he was ordained and installed their pastor, Aug. 28, 
 1793. Soon after his settlement among them, Mr. 
 Freeman ordained Abraham Caldwell, William Cross, 
 Robert Thompson, Jacob Linderman, John Crawford, 
 and Matthias Mill.spaugh ruling elders; and this 
 appears to be the true date of the organization of the 
 church. 
 
 The ministry of Mr. Freeman was not of long con- 
 tinuance. The pastoral relation between him and 
 the people was dissolved April 18, 1798. During the 
 ministry of Mr. Freeman everything seemed to pro- 
 gress comfortably, and at the time of his leaving 
 them the little church, which at first consisted of 
 21 members, had grown to the number of 105. 
 
 The resignation of Mr. Freeman left the church 
 vacant for more than five years. At the expiration 
 of this time the church called the Rev. Isaac Van 
 Doren. He was ordained and installed their pastor 
 on June 29, 1803. The ministry of Mr. Van Doren 
 was long and happily protracted. He continued his 
 labors among tlie people during the full period of 
 twenty-one years, enjoying their warmest afl'ections, 
 and finding his ministry followed up with many 
 blessings. In tlie year 1820 he enjoyed a very ex- 
 tensive revival of religion among his people, which 
 resulted in the addition of 152 members to the church. 
 But a time came, in the providence of God, for the 
 severance of hearts so long and happily united. This 
 occurred April 20, 1825, when, at the request of Mr. 
 Van Doren, the Presbytery dissolved his pastoral re- 
 lation, and once more declared the church of Hope- 
 well to be vacant. 
 
 After being vacant nearly two years, the church 
 called the Rev. Hugh M. Koontz to become their 
 pastor. He was ordained and installed Dec. 20, 
 1826, and after laboring among the people for nearly 
 six years his pastoral relation was, at his own request, 
 dissolved. This was done in May, 1832. 
 
 About this time the congregation took measures to 
 build a new house of worship. In carrying out these 
 measures they abandoned the old site and selected 
 another one, on which they erected a neat, commo- 
 dious, and firm stone building. This new building 
 was commenced early in the spring of 1831, and was 
 finished and dedicated to the worship of God the fol- 
 lowing year. The way being now open again for the 
 administration of the word and ordinances, the con- 
 gregation called the Rev. John H. Leggett to become 
 their pastor. He was installed May 15, 1833. 
 
 The following persons were ruling elders in 1846, 
 viz. : Robert I. Crawford, Nathaniel Hunter, Nich- 
 
 olas Ley bolt, Hieronomus Weller, David C. Bull, 
 Alexander Crawford, and Samuel K. Leybolt. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Leggett continued as pastor until 1855. 
 Subsequent ministers have been : Rev. Andrew John- 
 son, 1856 to 1866 ; Rev. B. G. Benedict, Oct. 21, 1866, 
 to 1870. The present pastor. Rev. John Turner, was 
 called soon after. The present elders (November, 
 1880) are Alexander Crawford, Cornelius Barnes, 
 Robert Crawford, Stansbury Gillespie, and George 
 D. Shafer. The members number 152. 
 
 Rev. John H. Leggett, born in the city of New 
 York, May 28, 1800, was educated at Columbia College, 
 and after a four years' course of theological study 
 under John M. Mason, D.D., who then stood at the 
 head of the American pulpit, was ordained to preach 
 the gospel by the Second Presbytery of New York, in 
 the year 1824. May 19, 1824, he married Mary Noel 
 Bleecker, resident also of New York City. His first pas- 
 toral charge was at Moreau, Saratoga Co., N. Y., his 
 second at Peekskill, whence he removed to Marlbo- 
 rough, Ulster Co., where his labors were followed by 
 a powerful and memorable revival of religion. In the 
 year 1833, Mr. Leggett was called to the Hopewell 
 Church, where he continued to labor for twenty-three 
 years. The following extract is from an article 
 written and published just after his death by Rev. 
 Dr. E. D. G. Prime, editor of the Aew York Observer : 
 
 " Having for a period of more than thirty yeare enjoyed tlie intimate 
 accjnaintauce and friendship of Mr. Leggett, and knowing well the trans- 
 parent purity and excellence of his character, and his great usefulness 
 in the ministry of the gospel, we feel that his death should be marked by 
 this memorial to his life and services. His long pastorate was over the 
 Hopewell Church, where he remained for twenty-three years, enjoying 
 in the highest degree the aflections of the people and ministering to 
 them with earnestne.ss, lidelity, and great ability. In all this time he 
 was detained from his pulpit only one Sabbath by sickness, and was sel- 
 dom absent for any other cause a single day. Few men have devoted 
 themselves to their pastoral work withsuch entire singleness of purpose, 
 and few have been more honored or blessed by the Master in the marked 
 approval of their labors. As a true shepherd, he went in and out before 
 the sheep of his flock, leading them, in the name of the Great Shepherd, 
 both by his e-\ample and his fervent, instructive preaching, in the green 
 pastures of the word, and beside the still waters of divine consolation 
 and refreshment." 
 
 As a preacher he was characterized by remarkable 
 fervor and animation. His sermons, which, though 
 carefully prepared, were invariably delivered from 
 briefs, were both instructive and impressive. Many 
 elderly people still tell of sermons they had heard 
 him preach years ago, and not a few throughout the 
 county who heard him but once or twice, and that 
 while perhaps they were children, yet remember even 
 the text, and the effect of the discourse upon mind 
 and heart. 
 
 Mr. Leggett was chosen stated clerk of the Presby- 
 tery of Hudson in 1838, and filled that otfice with 
 great efficiency for more than twenty years. " The 
 records of Presbytery under his hand were models of 
 neatness and beauty." 
 
 In 1856 he was called to the more arduous work of 
 building up a new congregation and church at Mid- 
 dletown, which was successfully accomplished, and 
 
422 
 
 HISTORY OF OllANGK COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 in which he continued for about nine years, when, on 
 account of feebleness by age and disease, lie retired 
 from the stated duties of pastor, though continuing 
 to preach with great acceptance from time to time in 
 New York and other places. 
 
 The last few years of his life were passed at the home 
 of his youngest son, Rev. T. A. Leggett, at Chester, 
 where he died on the 31st day of May, 1873. 
 
 GRAHAM'S CHrRCII (ASSOCIATE REFORMED). j 
 
 This congregation was formed and church erected 
 in 1799, by the exertions of Mr, Robert (Jraliam, who 
 at that time was an elder in the church of Goodwill. 
 
 The name was bestowed in his honor on the day 
 the building was erected. Mr. Graham resided within 
 the bounds of this congregation. 
 
 Soon after erection, and before being finished, it was ' 
 opened by public worship on the 4th of August, 1799. 
 The Rev. John McJimsey, of Neelytown Church, 
 preached the sermon. Mr. Graham died Sept. 22, 
 1799, and by his will he devised his farm of about 100 
 acres, in the vicinity of the church, to the congregation 
 for the use of the pastor. The individuals who com- 
 posed this new congregation principally were in the 
 liabit of attending church at Neelytown. By an | 
 arrangement made with that church the labors of 
 Rev. Mr. McJimsey were obtained for every alternate 
 Sabbath. Before the erection of the house of worship J 
 he had preached in this neighborhood in jirivate 
 houses and sometimes in barns. The Graham Church 
 was for a time only a branch of the Neelytown or- 
 ganization, but in 1802 it became a di.stinct body, and 
 the first elders ordained were Samuel Gillespie and . 
 Andrew Dixon. Mr. Wni. Crawford, an elder previ- \ 
 ously in the Little Britain Church, united with this 
 church, and became a member of the Session. The 
 church was still united with that of Neelytown in sup- 
 porting the same pastor. .\t the first administration 
 of the sacrament there were twenty-eight members. 
 The growtli of the congregation, though not rapid, 
 was progressive. 
 
 In 1809, Mr. McJimsey received and accepted a 
 call from an Associate congregation in Albany, and 
 his pastoral connection with these churches was dis- 
 solved. This did not arise from any dissatisfaction 
 between any of the parties, but was sincerely re- 
 gretted by all. Within a year the Rev. Arthur I. 
 Stansbury was called to this church, in connection 
 with Neelytown, who continued his services till 1816. 
 From that time till 1819 the church was vacant, with 
 occasional supplies ; when she, in ccmnection with 
 Neelytown, recalled the Rev. J. McJimsey, who re- 
 sumed his ministerial labors, as before, between the 
 two churches. When he left, ten years before, there 
 ■were 57 members ; on his return, he found but 21, 
 and the first elders dead. Death and removals had 
 almost extinguished the whole. 
 
 In 1831 the Neelytown church was permitted to go 
 down by building a new one in Hamptonburgh ; and i 
 
 from that time Graham's church had all the services 
 of Mr. McJimsey. 
 
 The services of Mr. McJimsey were continued until 
 his death in 1854. The next pastor was Rev. Alex- 
 ander Mc Williams, 1855 to 1861. The present pastor, 
 Rev. John Erskine, was settled in 1861. 
 
 The elders have been : 1802, Samuel Gillespie, An- 
 drew Dixon, William Crawford, Sr. ; 1809, Daniel 
 Wilkin, Andrew McWilliams; 1823, Gawn Mackim- 
 son, Arthur McKinney, Jason (iillespic ; 1839, Henry 
 H. Weller, Robert Burnet; 1846, Robert L. Brown, 
 Luther McKinney. 
 
 Robert Graham, the founder of this church, was a 
 genuine Presbyterian of the Scotch-Irish stamp, and 
 dearly loved the Master and his cause. " He rests 
 from his labors and his works do follow him." This 
 church was connected with the Associate Reformed 
 Presbytery of Newburgh till 1858. It is now United 
 Presbyterian. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF CRAW- 
 FORD 
 
 is located at Bullville. It was incorporated April 20, 
 1859. The certificate was signed by John Shorter 
 and James C. Gowdey. The trustees named therein 
 were Jacob M. Shorter, Robert Hill, and Heman S. 
 Shorter. Mrs. Jacob M. Shorter, Robert Hill, Mrs. 
 Heman S. Shorter, Matthew M. Wilkison, Mrs. M. M. 
 Wilkison, Rhodes Mance and wife were among the 
 first members. 
 
 The house of worship was finished so as to be dedi- 
 cated in the summer of 18G1. It cost $8000, all of 
 which was a gift from Mrs. Mary Shorter. The first 
 pastor was Rev. John Wardle, the Conference ac- 
 ceding to Mrs. Shorter's request that he should be ap- 
 pointed. Matthew Wilkison was the builder of the 
 church edifice. Successive pastors have been Rev. 
 Messrs. Wardle, Jones, Lamont, Heroy, Shrives, Esray, 
 Shurter, Bohlman, and the present pastor, A. Van 
 Keuren. Present number of members about 92. 
 
 The official members are as follows : Trustees, Wil- 
 liam Stephens, G. D. Roat, J. M. Green, Daniel Gibb, 
 James E. Miller ; Stewards, G. D. Roat, Daniel Gibb, 
 James M. Green, William Stephens, Stephen Great- 
 singer. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF PINE 
 BUSH 
 
 was incorporated Nov. 28, 1870. The certificate 
 was signed by Samuel M. J. Gillespie and Theron 
 Bodine. The trustees named were William B. Barnes, 
 John Walker, Samuel Armstrong, William H. Cow- 
 ley, Francis M. Bodine. There had been religious 
 services for many years in this village before the form- 
 ation of this society or the erection of a church. A 
 large number of people were attached to the Reformed 
 Church, located but a short distance over the Kill, in 
 the town of Shawangunk, Ulster Co. The ministers 
 of that church and the Methodist ministers from Bull- 
 ville occupied the school-house, at Pine Bush, on alter- 
 
CRAWFORD. 
 
 423 
 
 nate Sundays. Finally those inclined to Methodist 
 views deemed it proper to organize. The movement 
 was somewhat earlier than the date of incorporation 
 given above. Trustees had been chosen in 1869, the 
 same as named a year later in the certificate. Nov. 
 19, 1870, steps were taken towards building. A lot 
 100 feet in front was presented to the society by Wm. 
 H. Cowley, and an addition of 50 more feet front was 
 })urchased of him for .SIOO. The whole was 150 feet 
 in length. 
 
 The house is located on the west side of the road 
 leading from Pine Bush to Bullville. Ground was 
 broken for the enterprise immediately, and the first 
 load of stone delivered Nov. 30, 1870. The corner- 
 stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies July 13, 
 1871. A box containing a Bible, a hymn book, and 
 other articles was placed in a cavity of the stone. 
 Addresses were delivered by Rev. G. C. Esray, Rev. 
 J. K. Wardle, Rev. George Clark, and Rev. E. B. 
 Pierce. 
 
 The dedication took place April 24, 1871. Rev. 
 Benjamin I. Jones preached the sermon from the text, 
 " The glorious gospel of Christ." The financial state- 
 ments were then submitted, showing the property to 
 have cost, including labor, about $8000, of which 
 $4000 remained to be raised that the edifice might be 
 free of incumbrance. The praiseworthy custom of 
 not dedicating an edifice not fully paid for was next 
 presented with great force, and $1600 pledged on the 
 spot. At the evening service Rev. W. P. Abbott, of 
 New York City, preached, and Rev. Mr. Jones again 
 presented the subject of the finances. After a vigor- 
 ous eftbrt, with much self-sacrifice and liberal giving, 
 the whole amount was reported raised, and the cere- 
 mony of dedication took place just before midnight. 
 This charge is still connected to that of Bullville 
 under one pastor, who resides at the latter place. The 
 present officers are Rev. A. Van Keuren, pastor; F. 
 M. Bodine, E. M. Johnson, D. T. Bowen, stewards; 
 E. M. Johnson, William H. Cowley, and D. T. Bowen, 
 trustees ; Orville Eichenbergh, Sunday-school super- 
 intendent. 
 
 The house of worship is a handsome building of 
 wood, 40 by 60. There is a tower 12 by 18 at the base, 
 aftording an entrance to the church. The height of 
 the spire is about 70 feet. Repairs and improvements 
 have recently been made to the amount of $324. The 
 church was reopened after the repairs, Nov. 14, 1880, 
 and on that day a balance, not previouslv provided 
 for, of «!128, was fully pledged. 
 
 VIII.-BUKIAL-PLACES. 
 
 Burials in the Pine Bush section of the town are 
 mostly, It the New Prospect Dutch Reformed Church, 
 town of Shawangunk, and at the old Rainey burying- 
 ground, on the farm now owned by A. R. Taylor, two 
 miles below Pine Bush. 
 
 At Bullville there is a new cemetery in good order 
 and well maintained. 
 
 At Collaburgh there is a burial-place in very good 
 preservation. 
 
 The James R. Crawford burial-place, on the present 
 farm of Francis Crawford, is also very well kept. 
 
 There is a dilapidated burying-place, known as the 
 Bruyn ground, on the farm now owned by Leander 
 Gillespie. 
 
 On the farm of Ezra Smith is a very old graveyard, 
 with a few red stone in use for monuments about the 
 beginning of this century. 
 
 The old Hopewell burying-ground has many early 
 graves and is worthy of somfe study for family hi.story. 
 The Hopewell graveyard contains many of the old 
 settlers who died at a ripe old age : David Sease, 
 eighty-seven; Stephen Farnum, eighty-eight; Daniel 
 Bull, eighty -seven ; John Crover, eighty-three ; David 
 C. Bull, eighty-one ; Dr. Increase Crosby, eighty (he 
 died May 13, 1845) ; Hannah Bull, wife of Alexan- 
 der Thompson, Jr., eighty-two ; Henry Linderman, 
 seventy-nine. In the Crawford family cemetery, near 
 Hopewell Church, we find Milton Bull, eighty-four; 
 Eleanor Stewart Crawford, eighty-seven ; Jonathan 
 Crawford, seventy-nine. At Bullville Cemetery, 
 Ephraim Niver, eighty-nine. Oliver Mills, one of 
 the early town officers, is buried in the Hopewell 
 graveyard. 
 
 IX.— TOWN SOCIETIES, Etc. 
 
 The only societies are various social, religious, or 
 benevolent organizations, which have had a brief ex- 
 istence from time to time, leaving, however, little or 
 no records for the historian to gather up. 
 
 A recent movement at Pine Bush on behalf of tem- 
 perance has led to the establishment of a Temperance 
 Hall, with a design for a free reading-room. 
 
 X.— PLACES OF SPECIAL NOTE, OK OF HIS- 
 TORIC INTEREST. 
 
 There is perhaps nothing to mention under this 
 head, except those places where the earliest pio- 
 neers built their humble homes in the dense forest. 
 Here and there a single old apple-tree, and near by 
 the cavity of an old cellar, indicates the spot where 
 some family reared their dwelling in the far-off times, 
 — where a single rose-bush, perhaps, still blooms, 
 though the hands which planted it were long ago 
 folded for the rest of the grave. These places, though 
 sacred in the personal traditions of families, can 
 scarcely claim a place in the sjihere of a county his- 
 tory. 
 
 At Pine Bush there is a Revolutionary relic, though 
 even there we must cross the Shawangunk Kill and 
 enter Ulster County to find it. Not far from the 
 site of the old Cornelius Slott grist-mill, and almost 
 on the very bank of the kill, is an old log house, said 
 to have been standing there in the days when Indian 
 incursions and Tory raids made Uie life of every 
 family familiar with danger. It is now on the prop- 
 erty of N. W. Clearwater, but in the days of the 
 
424 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Kevolution it was the Van Amburgh property, and 
 that family is also said to have been in some way con- 
 nected to Auneke Jaiis, the historic ghost which every 
 now and then disturbs the slumbers of those who 
 guard the title to the vast estates of Trinity Church, 
 New York. In this old cottage lived a stalwart 
 woman, a member of the Van Amburgh family, for 
 whose capture (as the tradition runs I a price had been 
 offered by the British authorities. Shanks Ben, the 
 one Ulster Tory, who was as famous in that county as 
 Claudius Smith was in Orange, laid in wait at one 
 time for her. He concealed himself in the hay 
 stacked in the farm barracks, intending to seize his 
 victim when she should come out to feed the cattle. 
 Presently he saw her coming, a stout, vigorous woman, 
 with a huge, old-fashioned fork. His heart failed 
 him, and he made no effort, glad enough to remain 
 concealed, and not bring down upon his devoted head 
 the muscular indignation she was evidently capable 
 of developing. He afterwards said that his heart was 
 in his mouth all this time, fearing she would drive 
 the tines of the fork into him as he lay covered with 
 the hay she was reaching for. The wild days of those 
 border wars have long since passed away, and these 
 uncertain traditions only linger around the firesides 
 of this valley, yet the old log house still stands, 
 though for a hundred years the winter storms have 
 beaten upon its primeval roof. 
 
 XI.-INDUSTRIAIi PURSUITS. 
 The people of this town are mostly engaged in 
 fanning. Its grasses are free from noxious vegetables, 
 and growing upon high land, are strong and produce 
 a fine quality of milk. It is noted in the markets for 
 its first-rate quality of butter. The roads of the town 
 are in good condition. The Newburgh and Cochecton 
 turnpike runs through the southern portion of the 
 town, and furnishes desirable facilities for pleasure 
 and business purposes. This region is favorable to 
 the growth of apples and peaches, the quality and 
 quantity of which, especially the apple for winter use, 
 are On the increase. 
 
 MILLS. 
 
 The grist-mill at Pine Bush was built by Cornelius 
 Slott, as already mentioned. Its successive proprie- 
 tors since were Arthur Slott, A. R. Taylor, the firm 
 of Charles Siusabaugh and Andrew Thompson, J. C. 
 Bennett, William Cowley, Theron Weller, Smith & 
 Terhune, the last named selling to the present pro- 
 prietors. Smith & Cox. The grist-mill at Searsville 
 is an early affair, and has had many proprietors. The 
 present owner is Mr. Rumph. Near Pine Bush was 
 the old saw-mill of James Rainey, now abandoned. 
 The Henry Hill saw-mill is still in operation. There 
 are two saw-mills at Searsville, one owned by Mr. 
 Comfort, the other now unused. There is also a saw- 
 mill at the Widow Hill place, beyond Searsville. On 
 the Pakadasink is the Henry Mould saw-mill, and 
 also Elder's saw-mill. 
 
 XII.-MILITARY. 
 
 Being of comjiaratively modern organization, the 
 town has no military history in its separate capacity 
 prior to the great civil war. In the military rolls of 
 the Wallkill of old times, and in the general account 
 of military operations in the county, various incidents 
 and several names will doubtless be found relating to 
 the territory now constituting Crawford. There were 
 a number of men from the town in the comjiany 
 called out during the war of 1812, but no list is ob- 
 tainable here. Egbert Brink, Jemuel Corwin, and 
 Isaiah Whitten are mentioned, whose widows now 
 draw pensions on account of their husbands' services, 
 and Virgil Y. Duryea, now living, is also a pensioner. 
 
 In the war of the Rebellion the town furnished the 
 following numbers of men: 
 
 Prior to the call of July, 18G2 31 
 
 Under the call of 1802 38 
 
 From July, 1863, and calls following 14 
 
 Draft of 186:)— commuted 17 
 
 Furnished suhstitute 1 
 
 Entered service 1 
 
 — 19 
 
 Draft of 1804— commuted 2 
 
 Fnt'iiished substitutes 8 
 
 — 10 
 
 Volunteers, 1803 10 
 
 Substitutes, 1864 3 
 
 '* last call 2 
 
 Volunteers, last call 1 
 
 — 128 
 
 By contract in 1864 38 
 
 1866 22 
 
 — 60 
 
 Total 188 
 
 The sum of $525 was raised by subscription in 1862 
 for bounties, and paid to twenty-one volunteers in the 
 One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Regiment, Co. H, 
 Capt. Samuel Hunter, which company was organized 
 in the town, and $50 was similarly raised and paid to 
 volunteers in the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth 
 Regiment. Three thousand dollars was paid by county 
 to volunteers from the town in 1863. In 1864 town 
 bounties were paid to the amount of 127,610, and 
 under last call $16,500. On final settlement with the 
 State, the town was allowed for excess of years $3000, 
 and for bounties $8700, total $11,700. 
 
 The following is the official record of the action of 
 the town : 
 
 At a special town-meeting, held Aug. 9, 1864, the 
 following resolutions were adopted, 185 voting in favor 
 and 11 against : 
 
 *^Itesolved, That for the purpose of filling the quota of this town under 
 the call of the President of the United States, dated July 10, 1864, for 
 tive hundred thousand men, the number of which from our town is now 
 fixed at forty-iive men, a sum of money not to exceed forty-five thousand 
 dollars be raised on the credit of the town pursuant to the bounty law 
 passed by the Legislature Feb. 9, 1864, for the purpose of paying boun- 
 ties to volunteers. 
 
 ^*Resoh'ed, That the town board be a committee to carry out the al»ove 
 resolution, and that they be empowered to make the bounties so as to be 
 equal with and compete with other towns and also to make provisioDB 
 for eulititing in the rebel States if deemed advisable." 
 
 On the 26th of the same month another meeting 
 was held at which the above resolutions were ratified 
 and confirmed, the necessary authority to issue bonds 
 
CRAWFORD. 
 
 425 
 
 ^ranted, aiui such iurthcr jirovisions made as were 
 necessary to carry out the objects desired. The fol- 
 lowing persons were named as a committee to co- 
 operate with the town board, viz. : William B. Craw- 
 ford, Hezekiah W. Decker, John A. Crawford. 
 
 In the winter of 1864-65 the calls of the President 
 rendered it necessary to take further action with ref- 
 erence to filling the quota, and a special town-meeting 
 was held Jan. 28, 1865. 
 
 A tax of $80,000 was authorized for the purpose of 
 paying bounties. The amount of the bounty to be , 
 paid to each volunteer was left to the town board, and < 
 ample authority was granted to take all necessary 
 steps for carrying out the object of the meeting and ; 
 filling the quota of the town. As will be seen above, 
 the full sums authorized were not expended. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church at Hopewell contributed 
 $50 for Bibles for the Fifty-sixth Regiment, and sub- 
 sequently, for similar purpose, $5o; total, $105. The 
 Crawford Soldiers' Aid Society sent $800 in cash and 
 supplies to the Sanitary Commission. 
 
 The following list of men was carefully prepared 
 by Mr. Augustus Thompson in 1865, and has been 
 compared with muster-rolls and other authorities: 
 
 VOLUNTEERS, 1861-62. 
 In the 56(/( Itegiment, 1 861 — 3 years. 
 TerwiIHger, Wilsou. Houstou, David C. 
 
 Smith, John. Terwilliger, Benjamin. 
 
 Terwilliger, Theodore. Gonsalis, Wm., d. Dec.16,1861. 
 
 Brown. Charles E. Lozar, Jacob. 
 
 Brownlee, George H. Martin, Gaston D. 
 
 In the 18(/i Itcjiment, 1861—2 years. 
 Lewis Decker. 
 
 In the VJth EeyimetU MiliiiiJ, 1861—3 months. 
 Taylor, Oliver, lieut. Bodice, John. 
 
 Decker, George W. Decker, iBaac. 
 
 Hovey, John K. 
 
 AiidUional from muster-roll. 
 Currie, Joseph, Co. C. BlarBlmll, Henry, Co. C. 
 
 Tombs, Charles A., Co. C. llaumer, James A., Co. C, dis- 
 
 Tombs, Jolm A., Co. C. abled and disch, 
 
 Thurston, Isaac, Co. C. Smitli, Hiram, Co. C. 
 
 Rose, Henry F., Co. C. Decker, Almeron, Co. C. 
 
 Schlecht, Louis, Co. C. Finoegan, Hugh, Co. C. 
 
 Gallagher, John, Co. C. 
 
 In I2ith Ilegiment, 1862—3 years. 
 Baker, Daniel W,, Co. H ; must, out June 3, 1865. 
 Baker, Henry C. Co. K ; pro, corporal. 
 Baker, Thomas H., Co. H; wounded in both legs at Chancellorsville ; 
 
 trans, to V. R. C. 
 Burns, John. 
 
 Crawford, Alexander B., Co. I; trans, to V. R. C.July 1, 1863. 
 Grans, Herman. ^ 
 
 Kincaid, Thomas, Co. K ; pro. Corp.; wounded in fooffcily 30,1864; sent 
 
 to hospital Oct. 2, 1864; must, out by Order 77. ^ 
 Losey, Henry, Co. I; missing in action ; taken prisoner; died in prison 
 
 at Richmond, Jan. 27, 1865. 
 McGregor, James, Co. I ; disch. Aug. 14, 1863, for rheumatism. 
 Milliken, William, Co. I; wounded in leg May 5, 1864; taken prisoner 
 
 Oct. 27, 1864 ; must, out June 3, 1865. 
 Robinson, Theodore, Co. H ; pro. capt., Co. E, March 8, 1865, 
 Roat, Gilbert D. W. 
 Sloat, James. 
 
 Shalp, William, Ox H ; died of typhoid fe%er Jan. 30, 18G3. 
 Sager, Theron. 
 28 
 
 Smith, James A., Co. I; wounded in hand May 24, 1864 ; sergt., May 1, 
 
 1864 ; must, out June 3, 1865. 
 Weller, Charles M., Co. K; disch. for disability Feb. 5, 1863 ; drafted in 
 
 1864, and sent substitute. 
 Johnston, J. Hasbn)uck, 1st Mounted Rifles. 
 Talmadge, Wm. T., 7th Ind. Bat. 
 Tracey, James, 7th Ind. Bat. 
 Rose, John, 7th Ind. Bat. 
 
 Volunteers from Jttly, 1863. 
 
 Johnson, Edward, 15th Art. 
 
 Kaue, Eli, 15tii Art. ; wounded at Spottsylvania; died in hospital Slay 23, 
 
 1864. 
 Rediker. George W., 15th Art. ; disch. for disability May 24, 1865. 
 Leary, Dennis, 15th Cavalry. , 
 
 Milliken, Robert S., 15th Cavalry, also in 186th. 
 Pennoyer, Theodore W., loth Cavah^. 
 Randolph, George, 56th. 
 Redner, Samuel, 56th. 
 Smith, James, 5th Art. 
 Walker, John, 124th. 
 
 Finuegan, Hugh, 56th, veteran re-enlistment. 
 Gallagher, John, 5Gth, veteran re -enlistment. 
 Marshall, Henry, 56th, veteran re-enlistment. 
 Terwilliger, Benjamin, 50th, veteran re-enlistment. 
 Losey, Jacob, 5Gth, reciuit. 
 
 Westervelt, Jeremiah B , Co. G, 9l8t ; wounded at Baltimore. 
 "Westervelt, William B., 27th, 1st lieut. 
 
 In IGSth lieoiment, 1862—9 months, 
 
 Andereon, Thomas, Co. G. 
 
 Armstrong, Josejih, Co. B. 
 
 Brown, Charles E., Co. G. 
 
 Bug-by, Henry, Co. B. 
 
 Bodine, John. 
 
 Brownlee, Thomas, Co. G. 
 
 Currie, Thomas. 
 
 Crawford, James M., Co. B. 
 
 Cristiana, Alexander, Co. B. 
 
 Carrol, Dennis, Co. I. 
 
 Crist, George H., Co. G ; put in a substitute in 1865. 
 
 Decker, George W., Co. G ; re-enlisted in cavalry. 
 
 Davey, John, C-o. G. 
 
 Emmet, Nathaniel P., Co. G. 
 
 Freer, Simon. 
 
 Gonsalis, Andrew. 
 
 Hunter, Samuel, Co. G, capt. 
 
 Hunter, Nathaniel, Co. G. 
 
 Howell, Charles M., Co. G. 
 
 Low, Daniel, Jr., Co. G. 
 
 McGooms, John, Co. G. 
 
 Milliken, Robert S., Co. G. 
 
 McElheney, David, Co. G. 
 
 McComb, Robert, Co. G. 
 
 Niver, John, Co. G. 
 
 Sheridan, Thomas, Co. G. 
 
 Taylor, Oliver, Co. II, lieut. 
 
 Terwilliger, Nathaniel, Co. H. 
 
 Terwilliger, George B., Co. H. 
 
 Wade, Theodore J., Co. H. 
 
 Draft Results. 
 
 Calvin Decker, commuted. 
 
 Robert J. Thompson, " 
 
 Israel Crawford, Jr., ** 
 
 Abraham VanderliuBj " 
 
 John J. Kernochan, " 
 
 William Decker, " 
 
 Wm. H. Tliompson, ** 
 
 Joel Snyder, *' 
 
 James H. Corwin, " 
 
 Adam A. Bookstaver, " 
 
 John E. Shafer, " 
 
 James C. Wintield, " 
 
 Thomas Currie, " 
 
 James E. Parliaman, " 
 
 Augustus Weller, " 
 
 William Crist, commuted. 
 William S. Ward, " 
 
 John E. Duryea, provided sub. 
 William Jackson, colored, en- 
 tered service. 
 Wm. T. Barnes, commuted. 
 Charles Bull, provided sub. 
 Jaa. F. Terwilliger, provi. sub. 
 Harvey M. Howell, provi. sub, 
 Joseph H. Clark, provided sub. 
 Alonzo Young, commuted. 
 .\lbert Sparks, provided sub. 
 John C. Elder, provided sub. 
 Hiram Sease, provided sub. 
 Charles Weller, provided sub. 
 
426 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Volunteers in December, 1863, and January, 1864. 
 
 Haina, Oliver, colored. 
 
 Jackson, Wellington, colored. 
 
 De Ilait, Andrew, colored. 
 
 Penny, Theodore. 
 
 Millikeii, David. 
 
 O'Leary, Dennis. 
 
 Kain, Joseph. 
 George M. Sease, John E. Crawford, and John P. Crist furnished subs. 
 ■Wm. Roe was the only resident of tlie town enlisted under the December 
 
 call. 
 
 Corwin, Daniel Y., killed Ije- 
 fore Petersburg. 
 
 Corwin, James H., wounded 
 at Spottsylvania ; died of 
 wounds June 30, 1864. 
 
 Johnston, Edward. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 DANIEL THOMPSON. 
 
 Daniel Thompson, supervisor of the town of Craw- 
 ford, was born in that town Oct. 8, 1819, and has 
 lived there all his life. His father, Alexander 
 Thompson, was also born and died there. His 
 grandfather and two brothers came from Ireland 
 early in the history of this county, and bought five 
 hundred acres of land in the town of Crawford, all 
 of which is owned by their descendants to-daj'. Su- 
 pervisor Thompson's mother was Hannah, daughter 
 of Daniel Bull, descendant of the first settlers of that 
 town. 
 
 Mr. Thompson received an academic education, 
 and since leaving school has been engaged as a 
 farmer. In 1850 he was married to Mary E., daughter 
 of the late Dr. Hunter, of Searsville, in the town of 
 Crawford. He has three children, two sons and a 
 daughter. In the years 1852 and 1853 he served his 
 town as commissioner of highways. In the spring of 
 1854 he was elected supervisor, and for twenty-two 
 consecutive terms filled that otBce to the satisfaction 
 of his constituents. He was not elected in 187(5, but in 
 1877 was again sent to the board. With the single 
 exception of Mr. Shuit, supervisor from the town of 
 Monroe, he is the oldest member (in point of the 
 number of terms of service) in the board, and he has 
 been its chairman for two terms. 
 
 Mr. Thompson was elected president of the Middle- 
 town and Crawford Railway at its organization in 1871, 
 and has since filled that position.* In 1862 he was 
 appointed major in the Ninety-first Regiment National 
 Guards of the State of New York, and held the ofiice 
 until the organization was disbanded. 
 
 In 1872, Mr. Thompson was appointed by the Gov- 
 ernor and Senate a trustee of the New York State 
 Homffiopathic Asylum for the Insane at Middletown, 
 and in 1875, on the reorganization of the board, was 
 again named one of the trustees, his term of ofiice 
 expiring in 1881. He has been a vigilant and efficient 
 member of that board, serving on the farm and 
 building committee. 
 
 His father, Alexander Thompson, was supervisor 
 of Crawford from the vear 1834 to 1842, and his 
 
 brother, Augustus Thompson, now deceased, for the 
 years 1849, 1850, and 1851. 
 
 Supervisor Thompson is a Democrat, and has al- 
 ways been one. He is very decided in his opinions 
 and quite outspoken in his language if he deems the 
 occasion requires it. In his denunciations of any- 
 thing which savors of fraud in our county affairs 
 he has incurred the dislike of many who have had 
 their schemes exposed. He is a hard worker in 
 the board, and, by reason of his long experience, a 
 most valuable member. 
 
 * In the spring of 1875, Mr. Thompson was appointed superintendent 
 of the Middletown and Crawford Railroad, and is also a (Jirector in the 
 Middletown National Bank. 
 
 LEANDER CRAWFORD. 
 
 James Crawford and Mary Wilkin, his wife, were 
 members of the congregation at Golen, Ireland; re- 
 ceived from the church there a certificate, recom- 
 mending them to any congregation in America where 
 Providence may order their lot to be cast, as free 
 from scandal, creditable persons, innocent and blame- 
 less. A copy of this certificate made here in 1727 is 
 now in possession of their descendants, and the 
 original was signed by Robert Colpheart, and dated 
 June, 1718. 
 
 They were among the earliest settlers of what is 
 now the town of Crawford, Orange Co., and the 
 town took its name from them. 
 
 Their children born here are John, born Dec. 15, 
 1719; James, Jan. 21, 1722; Jane, March 3, 1724; 
 David, Aug. 11,1729; Samuel, June 9, 1732; and Jos- 
 eph, Feb. 21, 1734. Of these, Samuel was great-grand- 
 father of our subject, and had a son John, who was a 
 soldier in the Revolutionary war, married Sarah 
 Barkley, who bore him the following children : Robert 
 I. ; Andrew, was a tanner and currier in Mount Hope ; 
 George ; Nancy ; Sally, wife of Daniel G. Shaver, of 
 Crawford ; John B., spent most of his life in Crawford, 
 and died at Havana, N. Y.; Israel, was a farmer in 
 Crawford ; Eleanor, wife of Nathan Crawford, a resi- 
 dent of Chemung Co., N. Y. ; Julia, wife of Jonathan 
 C. Gillespie, resides at Pine Bush ; Keturah, wife of 
 Harvey Harris, of Bloomingburgli. Of these children, 
 only Julia survives in 1881, and is about eighty 
 years of age. 
 
 John Crawford spent his life as a farmer in his 
 native town, was a member and elder of the Presby- 
 terian Church at Hopewell, and resided upon and 
 owned some 500 acres of land. 
 
 His eldest son, Robert I. Crawford, was father of 
 Leander, and resided upon 100 acres of the home- 
 stead during his life. He was an elder and active 
 and influential member of the Hopewell church 
 nearly his whole life, and gave liberally of his means 
 for its support. His counsels were often sought by his 
 fellow-citizens, and as an arbiter, administrator, or 
 executor he served his friends nearly the whole of 
 his business career. 
 
 He never sought public place, and never held ofiBce 
 in the town except to serve for some time as assessor. 
 



 ''I 
 
 
 ^l 
 
CRAWFORD. 
 
 427 
 
 He was hospitable, social, frank, and honest, and died 
 in 1861, aged seventy-seven years. 
 
 His wife was Deborah, daughter of Benjamin Dick- 
 erson, of Crawford, but formerly from Long Island. 
 She died several years prior to her husband. Their 
 :hildren were: Emeline; Millicent, deceased; Lean- 
 3er; John Addison, a farmer in Crawford; Albert, 
 :leceased, was a farmer in Crawford, and died near 
 1 )range Lake, where he had removed ; George, of 
 Middletown, was formerly a farmer in Crawford; 
 ■ially Ellen, wife of N. H. Harris, of Montgomery, 
 iied in 1880; Esther; Robert, a farmer in Crawford, 
 )n a part of the old homestead settled by his grand- 
 father ; Theron, resides on the homestead of his 
 lather; and Angeline, wife of Stansbury Gillespie, of 
 Jrawford. Leander, eldest sou of Robert I. Crawford, 
 ivas born Oct. 2, 1810. Being the eldest son of a large 
 amily of children, his opportunities for an education 
 were limited to a few months at the district school, 
 ind his whole minority was spent in assisting his father 
 jn the farm. He married, Jan. 2.S, 18.S8, Nancy A., 
 laughter of Samuel Barclay and Agnes McCurdy, of 
 Z^rawford, and granddaughter of Robert McCurdy, of 
 Crawford, who died Sept. 15, 1807, aged eighty-five 
 fears. Her father, Samuel Barclay, was in the 
 ;ommissary department in the Revolutionary war, 
 uul died April 17, 1814, aged seventy -six years. Her 
 iiother died Sept. 2(j, 1844, aged eighty years. 
 
 The Barkleys and McCurdys were farmers in the 
 ;own of Crawford, prominent and influential citizens, 
 ind members of the Good- Will Presbyterian Church. 
 Mi-s. Crawford was born Jan. 9, 1808. 
 
 For one year after his marriage, Mr. Crawford re- 
 iided on a farm at Searsville, and for twenty-one 
 real's following he was a farmer at Collabar, in bis 
 lative town. In 1858, on account of ill health, he 
 •emoved to Middletown, where he has since resided, 
 ind where he has been connected somewhat with the 
 nterests of the village. He was a director in the 
 iVallkill Bank, from its organization until its close, 
 ind was trustee of the village for one term. He was 
 I member and deacon of the Hopewell Presbyterian 
 Dhurcli during his residence there for many years, and 
 iince his residence in Middletown he has been a 
 iberal supporter of church and kindred interests, and 
 las served some sixteen years as an elder in the 
 Second Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Mr. Crawford has been often chosen as executor 
 md guardian, and in the discharge of the varied duties 
 )f those positions his integrity remains unimpaired, 
 ind his duties have always been discharged with a 
 ionscientious desire to deal justly with all. 
 
 In his early manhood he took an active part in the 
 irainiug and drill of the militia, and his commission of 
 ieutenant Twenty-eighth Regiment New York In- 
 'antry is signed by Governor Throop, and dated June 
 20, 1829. 
 
 His children are James B., born Nov. 2, 1838, was 
 I lumber merchanc in C^hicaco, where he died Oct. 
 
 24, 1866 ; Anna, is the wife of Alsop Purdy, a mer- 
 chant of Middletown ; and Ellen B., is the wife of 
 Albert Bull, a druggist of Middletown. 
 
 ARCHIBALD R. TAYLOR. 
 
 John Taylor, the grandfather of the subject of this 
 biography, was by birth a Scotchman, and first came 
 to America as a British soldier, having served with 
 the army at Quebec. He became imjiressed with the 
 justice of the cause of the colonists, and enlisted in 
 their ranks, having served with credit in several en- 
 gagements. After peace was declared he repaired to 
 Ulster County, N. Y., and conducted a tannery in the 
 town of Shawangunk, where the remainder of his life 
 was spent. He was married to Miss Jane Smedes, of 
 the latter town, and bad children, — John, William, 
 Daniel, and Rachel, who became Mrs. Joseph Depeu. 
 Of this number, John, the father of Archibald, was 
 born in Shawangunk during the year 1789, where his 
 early life was passed, having succeeded to the trade 
 of bis father. He was united in marriage to Miss 
 Jane McBuruey, of Crawford township, who was the 
 mother of Archibald R., James, Ann (Mrs. N. W. 
 Clearwater), and Oliver. Mr. Taylor's death occurred 
 in Shawangunk during 1867, in his seventy-eighth 
 year, his wife having died two years previous. The 
 remains of both repose in the cemetery of the new 
 Prospect Church. 
 
 Their son Archibald R. was born March 1, 1811, 
 and remained during his boyhood at the home of his 
 parents. He attended first the district school, and 
 later the academy at New Paltz, N. Y'., after which 
 for a brief period he engaged in teaching. Soon after 
 he determined to follow the profession of civil engi- 
 neering, and assisted in 1835 i)i the survey of a por- 
 tion of the Erie Railroad. In 1837, in company witb 
 a fellow-workman, he started for Chicago in the prim- 
 itive conveyance known as a jumper, and having, 
 after a tedious trip of forty days, reached his destina- 
 tion, planted the first railroad stake in that now pros- 
 perous city. 
 
 He returned in 1838, and engaged in preliminary 
 surveys on the Erie Railroad. After a brief period 
 spent in professional occupations, he returned to his 
 native county, and in 1842 embarked in mercantile 
 ventures at Ulsterville. In 1849 he removed to Pine 
 Bush, Crawford township, and continued his business 
 career. He purchased a large tract of land at this 
 point, began the erection of buildings, and became 
 largely identified with the prosperity of this village. 
 He is still a considerable property-holder here, and 
 associated with the business interests of Pine Bush 
 and vicinity. Mr. Taylor was one of the projectors of 
 the Newburgh and Ellenville plank-road, a very prom- 
 inent thoroughfare, and gave much time and labor to 
 its construction. 
 
 In politics he is a Democrat, and served as under- 
 sheriff" of the county in 1862. In religion his prefer- 
 
428 
 
 IILSTOllY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ence is for the creed ami form of worship of tlie Pres- 
 byterian Church. Mr. Tuyhir wa.s married Feb. !(!, 
 1856, to Miss Mary, daufjliter of .John Cohvell Kainey, 
 of Crawford. Their chihlreii are Archibald, Hamil- 
 ton R., Fniily, Anne, and John C, all, with one ex- 
 ee])tion, residing at home. 
 
 HORACE BULL. 
 
 William lUill, the Kreat-grandfather of Jlorace 
 
 Bull, was an early .settler of Ilamptonburfjh. Amonj; 
 
 his children was Thomas, who married and hecame 
 
 the father of Daniel, whose birth occurred in 1761. 
 
 X 
 
 W^ 
 
 n.Sa^" I^Sr 
 
 ^\(^cL 
 
 AuJ 
 
 He was a man of much integrity and force of char- 
 acter, and wielded a considerable influence in the 
 community of which he was a member. In politics 
 he was a stanch Whig, the principles of the party 
 being firmly maintained durine his lifetime. In re- 
 ligion ho W!is a Presbyterian, and a member of the 
 church in the township, to whose erection in 1779 he 
 was a generous contributor. 
 
 Mr. Bull was, in 1780, united in marriage to Miss 
 Catherine Miller, who hecame the mother of thirteen 
 children. Her death took place Oct. 1, 1841, in her 
 seventy-seventh year, her husband, who died Nov. 
 14, 1840, having survived her. Among their children 
 was Henry, whose birth occurred March 21, 1787, and 
 who was married Jan. 4, 1810, to Miss Jane Stitt, who 
 
 wa-s born April 6, 1789. Their children were 
 Horace (the subject of this biography), Celia (Mrs. 
 Johanis M. Hunter), John S. (deceased), Elmer W. 
 (deceased), Alpheus, Catherine A., Angeline (Mrs. 
 John A. Stitt, deceased), Esther (Mrs. Charles M. 
 Miller), Mary E. (Mrs. S. C. Duryea), William H. 
 (deceased), Daniel K., Sarah L. (deceiLsed), Albert 
 (deceased), and Charles. Henry 15ull followed farming 
 occupations during his life, was a Rei)ublicau in 
 politics, a supporter of the Presbyterian Church, and 
 filled a position of extended u.sefulne.ss. His death 
 occurred Dec. 1, 18G3, and that of his wife Nov. 1, 
 1857. Their son Horace was born Oct. 17, 1810, and 
 succeeded, partly by purchase and also by inherit- 
 ance, to the paternal estate. He has during his life- 
 time been devoted to agricultural employments. He 
 is a firm Republican in his political belief, and a 
 supporter of the Presbyterian Church of his town- 
 ship. He is in no sense a iiolitician, but devoted to 
 the interest.s of his estate, which absorbs his time. 
 
 ELTING FRANCE. 
 
 His paternal ancestor, France, came from Germany. 
 His father, .lohn France, resided at Kingston, N. Y., 
 and is said to have manufactured there the first nails 
 made in this country. John France married Sarah, 
 only child of Peter Elting and Sarah De Puy, Oct. 10, 
 1794. Her father was a large real estate and slave- 
 owner in Ulster County, and died l\[ay 25, 1801. His 
 wife, Sarah l)e Puy, died .Tunc 2(!, IWi;!, aged seventy- 
 two years. John France died Jan. 21, 1811, and his 
 wife died Nov. 10, 1823. 
 
 Elting, son of John France, born June 20, 1800, 
 married Catherine, daughter of Henry Du Bois, a de- 
 scendant of Louis Du Bois, a native of Artois, France, 
 who came to America and settled in Hurley, Ulster 
 Co., N. Y., in KUK), and was the first Protestant of the 
 name in the New World. He was also a large slave- 
 owner. The second wife of Elting France was Mar- 
 garet Martin, of Inwood, N. J., whom he married 
 March 17, 1869. Elting France was an active busi- 
 ness man for forty-five years. He built and carried 
 on a saw-mill, tannery, and scythe factory in what is 
 now the town of Crawford, Orange County. He was 
 eminently a practical man in his religion and politics, 
 as well as in his business, and few men were more 
 widely known in I'lster and Orange Counties during 
 his time than he. He wa.s earnest in his convictions, 
 and while he sought to induce others to yield to the 
 belief which he held, he had due respect for the opin- 
 ions of others. He was a man of very temperate hab- 
 its, and possessed more than ordinary intelligence, 
 which he wielded with all the influence in his power 
 for the good of his fellow-men. lie died in the faith 
 of Christ, May 12, 1872. 
 

 DANIEL BULL. 
 
 The |irogcnitiir of the Bull family in Crawford was 
 William Bull, who located at Hamptonburgh. His son 
 Thomas purchased an extensive tract of land embracing 
 seven hundred and fifty acres in the township of Craw- 
 ford, which was in an entirely unimproved state when 
 acquired by him. His son Daniel, whose birth occurred 
 in 1701, and who is the subject of this biographical 
 sketch, became by inheritance the possessor of this land, 
 having pledged himself to cultivate and improve it. He 
 spent the earlj' years of his life at the homo of his 
 parents, improving the limited advantages of the district 
 school during the intervals not devoted to farm labor. 
 
 In 1780, when but nineteen years of age, he was 
 united in marriage to Miss Catherine Miller, who was 
 still his junior, the ceremony having been performed at 
 Goshen by Kev. Mr. Carr, of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Bull were born thirteen 
 children, — Thomas, who married Sarah Mills; Hannah 
 (Mrs. Alexander Thompson) ; Abner, married to Maria 
 Brinson ; David C, married to Maria Barklej' ; Keturah 
 (Mrs. William Bull) ; Catherine (Mrs. James H. Craw- 
 ford); Mary (Mrs. Rev. John Johnson); Henry, mar- 
 ried to Jane Stitt ; Milton, married to Esther Crawford ; 
 Sarah (Mrs. Denton Mills); Miller; Daniel, married 
 to Sarah Thompson ; and John, who died in early life. 
 
 Mr. Bull died Nov. 14, IS-IO, his wife's death hav- 
 ing occurred Oct. 1, 1841, in her seventj'-seventh year. 
 During a long and wcU-imiiroved life Daniel Bull main- 
 tained a marked character for integrity and probity, 
 and by deeds which speak louder than words jilacod 
 before his children a conspicuous example of tlio 
 achievements won by energy and steadfast purpose. 
 The land which he inherited — a vast tract of forest and 
 brush — was, under the magic influence of his industry, 
 made to bud and blossom as the rose. 
 
 He was also active and influential in all public enter- 
 prises. He was one of the originators of the Newburgh 
 and Cochecton turnpike, and for nearly half a century 
 a director of the organization. The political views of 
 Mr. Bull were in sympathy with the platform of the old 
 Whig party, and these principles found in him an elo- 
 quent expounder during his life. In 1770 he contributed 
 generously- towards the erection of the earliest Presby- 
 terian church of the township, and was one of its most 
 exemplary members. He was a man of generous im- 
 pulses, and all deserving cau.ses found in him a cordial 
 helper. 
 
 His memory is still afl'ectionately cherished by an ex- 
 tensive family of descendants, a number of whom con- 
 tribute this ))nrtrait as a tribute of their regard. 
 
''--^, 
 
 Mr. Thompson was one of the representative men 
 of Crawford township, and contributed largely to its 
 business and social development, [lis life was iden 
 tified with the homestead at Thompson Ridge, where 
 his birib occurred in ISltJ. Such advantages as were 
 afforded by llie public scliool of the district were 
 improved by him, after which lie decided upon the 
 OL-eupation of a farmer. In this, as in other enter- 
 prises which engaged his attention, all the energy and 
 force of his nature were brought to bear. His mind 
 was sound and practical, his judgment clear, and his 
 conclusions rarely at fault. 
 
 These natural qualifications made Mr. Thompson 
 invaluable as a counselor in the community and a 
 safe guide in business perplexities. His integrity and 
 capacity rendered his services much in demand in the 
 settlement of estates, while his general and legal in- 
 formation were frequently made available in the draw- 
 ing of contracts and the writing of wills. 
 
 The versatile gifts of Mr. Thompson shone no less 
 conspicuously in public than in private life. He 
 filled the ofiiees both of bank and railroad director, 
 and was one of the bonding commissioners of the 
 township of Crawford until his death. In politics he 
 was an ardent Democrat, though enjoying the con- 
 fidence and esteem of all parties in an unusual degree. 
 He was supervisor of his township during the years 
 1849 and 1850, and having been elected justice of 
 
 the peace in 1865, filled the oflSce during the remainder 
 of his life. 
 
 Mr. ThompsiiM was twice married, — first to ^liss 
 Hannah, daughter of Abner Bull, of Wallkill ; and a 
 second time, to Miss Catherine A. Hunter, of Crown 
 Point. The children who survive him are Alexander, 
 who occupies the homestead ; George Hunter, editor 
 of the Mlddk'toirn Mercury ; Augustus, located at 
 the West; and three daughters. 
 
 The death of Augustus Thompson occurred Sept. 
 23, 1874, at the homestead, after a brief illness, in his 
 fifty-eighth year. The following extract from a county 
 paper conveys a just idea of his character and the 
 universal esteem in which he was held : 
 
 " Those most intimately associated with him in the 
 neighborly and domestic relations of life loved, hon- 
 ored, and confided in him to the fullest extent. His 
 was the ' larger and kindlier hand' which never wearied 
 in well-doing in their behalf. In business concerns, 
 in trouble or sorrow, he was their chosen counselor, 
 comforter, and friend. Here was his noblest work, 
 and here his loss will be most deeply felt. He was a 
 man of broad charities, and an active worker in the 
 church with which he was connected, and as a sincere 
 Christian exemplified in his daily walk the faith that 
 was in him. A marked feature of his character was 
 the sincerity, uprightness, and conscientiousness that 
 ruled his whole life. Who shall fill his place ?" 
 
\ 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 I.-SITUATION, BOUNDAEIES, AREA, TITLE. 
 
 Wallkii.l is a large and important town lying in 
 the western part of the county. It is bounded north 
 by Crawford and Montgomery, east by Hampton- 
 burgh, south by Goshen, Wawayanda, and Mount 
 Hope, west by Mount Hope and the county line. 
 The area of Wallkill, as shown in the last supervi- 
 sor's statement, is 40,0.30| acres. But this is only an 
 approximation to the true area, for the exceptions 
 maile by the assessors are numerous, as highways, 
 burial-places, villages, etc. There are no official 
 documents from which to give the exact area of towns 
 in the State of New York. When the present trigo- 
 nometrical survey of the State shall be completed, if 
 the Legislature will authorize its continuance, there 
 will then be the data for determining many such 
 questions with precision and accuracy. 
 
 The territory now embraced in the town of Wall- 
 kill was originally in two distinct portions, — one the 
 Minisink Angle, the other a part of the John Evans 
 Patent. In the repateuting of the latter the following 
 tracts were granted : 
 
 Daniel Everett and James Stringhani, Jan. 16, 1734, 3850 acres. 
 
 Joseph Sackett, Sept. 1, 1737, 618 acres. 
 
 Richard Gerard and Wm. Bull, Dec. 14, 1724, 1000 acres. 
 
 Richard Gerard and Wm. Bnll, Dec. 14, 1724, 500 acres. 
 
 Thomas Noxon, Dec. 21, 1727, 2000 acres. 
 
 James Stringhani, July 17, 1736, 163ii acres. 
 
 Jane and Alice Colden, Oct. 30, 174'.), 1000 acres, near Scotclitown. 
 
 David Crawford, James Crawford, Saninel White, James White, May 
 13,1761, 10.5.5 acres. 
 
 Thomas Ellison and Lawrence Koome, Nov. 12, 1750, 1330 acres. 
 
 Jacobns Bruyn anil George Murray, Sept. 26, 1750, 4000 acres. 
 
 Livingston & Provost, May 26, 1750, 3000 acres. 
 
 Thomas Ellison and Lawrence Roome, Nov. 12, 1750, 440 acres. 
 
 Daniel Horsmanden and others, 1130 acres (date not ascertained). 
 
 Jane and Alice Colden, Oct. 30, 1749, 3000 acres, on the soutli side of 
 the Shawangunk Kill, opposite Bloomingburgh. 
 
 Thomas Ellison and Lawrence Roome, Nov. 12, 1750, 500 acres. 
 
 David Crawford, James Crawford, Samuel White, James White, May 
 13, 176., 736 acres. 
 
 II.-NATURAL FEATURES. 
 The northern and larger portion of this town lies 
 between the Shawangunk River, which forms the 
 boundary line on the northwest, and the Wallkill, 
 which separates the town from Haniptonburgh on the 
 southeast. A little east and north from Crawford 
 Junction may be found the summit which divides be- 
 tween these " river systems." The southern portion 
 of the town extends east of the Wallkill in the 
 vicinity of Phillipsburgh, while on the west the town 
 
 of Mount Hope extends east of the Shawangunk and 
 takes from Wallkill a portion of that valley. 
 
 The surface of the town is undulating, rising at 
 some points into hills of moderate elevation and at 
 others including valuable alluvial lands along the 
 water-courses. 
 
 The smaller streams are numerous. An important 
 tributary of the Wallkill rising south of Crawford 
 Junction drains a large tract and unites with the main 
 stream at Phillipsburgh. Northeast of this are several 
 other branches of the Wallkill. The Manyunk's Kill 
 is mostly in this town, but unites with the Wallkill 
 just below, within the town of Montgomery. 
 
 In the northwest are several branches of the Shaw- 
 angunk. In the southwest part of the town are vari- 
 ous streams that flow south and unite with the Wall- 
 kill beyond the limits of the town. One of these, the 
 Monhagen Creek, is the source from which Middle- 
 town is supplied with water. Another forms one of 
 the sources of Rutgers' Creek, a tributary of the 
 Wallkill. 
 
 The scenery in this town has many of the attrac- 
 tions that belong to the mountain section of the State, 
 combined however with the gentler features of finely 
 cultivated farms, pleasant rural villages, and charm- 
 ing landscapes. If one wants pure water, clear air, 
 and nature's invigorating breezes, they are all to be 
 found here, while those desiring the wilder depths of 
 the mountains can easily reach them from Middle- 
 town. 
 
 III.-EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The territory now included in Wallkill was not 
 settled as early as that of other towns in the vicinity. 
 The dates of the patents given above range from 1724 
 to 1761. It is doubtful whether there was any settle- 
 ment upon them until near the close of that period. 
 The lands were purchased perhaps more largely for 
 speculative purpo.ses, and not reduced to settlement 
 as promptly as those in Montgomery. William Bull, 
 of Goshen, procured a patent in this town, lying east 
 and west, in a long strip on both sides of the Wallkill 
 River, which he gave to his two sons, William and 
 Thomas Bull. William was the ancestor of William, 
 Moses, James, and Charles of a later generation ; and 
 Thomas, of Daniel, Cadwallader, and Absalom. 
 
 Though the patent was unequally divided by the 
 .stream, — there being about 300 acres on the west side 
 
 429 
 
430 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 and 200 on the east, — yet they divided their rights by 
 the stream; William taking the western, and Thomas 
 the eastern portion. 
 
 William built his first house nearly in the vicinity 
 of the brick mansion of his grandson, William Bull, 
 deceased, on the high bank of the AV'allkill, and in later 
 years occupied by his widow, Mrs. Koturah Bull. 
 
 Thomas built also near the stone house, known as 
 the Cadwallader Bull house, on the road from Goshen 
 to Montgomery. 
 
 He afterwards built that stone house. He was a 
 mason by trade ; and it is said that for several years 
 previous to erecting it he was engaged in preparing 
 the stone. He kept his hammer in the field, and when 
 disengaged from other business would shape a few 
 stones for the purpose, by which process, continued 
 through several years, the materials were all prepared 
 and ready for the building, so that in the process of 
 erection the sound of a hammer was not heard on the 
 building. The material is limestone, and the work 
 as perfect now as when erected. These two brothers 
 were in the town as early as 1767. 
 
 Further south there was an early settlement made 
 by Mr. John McCord, the father of Andrew McCord, 
 Esq., of a later generation, on the farm afterwards 
 owned by Col. Wilbur. The building in which he 
 lived, like that of almost all others at the time, was 
 loopholed for musketry. This family was attacked 
 one night by some Indians, but the neighbors hearing 
 of it, came in time to drive them off and save the 
 family. In the morning a track of blood was found 
 leading in the direction of the high hill directly in 
 the rear of the house, then covered with wood, and it 
 was found that an Indian had been killed. The hill 
 is called "Gerard's Hill," after the name of one of 
 the early patentees. 
 
 On the farm owned in modern times by Stephen 
 Harlow, Esq., on McCormick's Kill, there was an 
 ancient flour-mill and an early settlement. At the 
 organization of the town it was owned by Mr. John 
 McNeal. He was connected with another old family 
 by the name of Borland, who resided in that vicinity, 
 the descendants of which were numerous and widely 
 dispersed. Charles Borland, Esq., surrogate of the 
 county, and Col. Charles Borland, of the army who 
 served in Mexico, under Gen. Taylor, were of that 
 family. The original settler was from Ireland. Israel 
 Rogers and Daniel Butterfield lived in that vicinity 
 also. 
 
 At the place now known as Phillipsburgh, on the 
 Wallkill, there was an early settlement. The locality 
 belonged to the Wisner family, ancestors of Jeffrey 
 Wisner, Esq., of Warwick, and Henry G. Wisner, 
 Esq., of Goshen. Mr. Moses Phillips married in the 
 family, and received Phillipsburgh along with his wife 
 as a portion of her estate. 
 
 The place was known as Hampton in 1806, but from 
 the number of families of the name of Phillips at the 
 location it became changed. It is most beautifully 
 
 and romanticall_v situated, and is a lovely spot for a 
 country residence. It is on a small level piece of land, 
 on the west bank of the stream, surrounded on all 
 sides by hills and graceful knolls. Mr. Phillips had 
 several sons, — George, Gabriel, William, and Moses, 
 — all active and enterprising men, and engaged at the 
 place in some one of the various departments of 
 manufacture. 
 
 In the year 1776, Mr. Phillips and Henry Wisner 
 had a contract with the government of the colony for 
 the manufacture of powder at this place, where they 
 made and furnished it to the satisfaction of the old 
 Congress. On one occasion Mr. Wisner, correspond- 
 ing with Congress on the .subject of powder, said that 
 he had 3000 pounds ready, and remarked that they 
 must excuse his writing, as he had but two half-sheets 
 of paper, and when they were gone he did not know 
 where he could get another, and therefore could not 
 afford to transcribe his letter. This excuse, doubtless, 
 was satisfactory. The family is of German origin, 
 very early in the country, and came from New Jersey 
 into this county. 
 
 These two individuals were recommended to Con- 
 gress as most worth)' of the contract by the committee 
 of Ulster County, while Messrs. Wisner and Carpen- 
 ter were recommended by the committee from Orange. 
 In the latter case, the business was to be conducted at 
 Carpenter's saw-mill, at what is now Salisbury. 
 
 The settlement made near Middletown by Mr. 
 Murray was quite early. This gentleman was a de- 
 scendant of George Murray, of Inverness, Scotland, 
 and came to Canada as an impressed soldier with the 
 English troops to take Quebec, and drive out the 
 French from the colony. In the assault on Quebec 
 by Gen. Wolfe, in 1759, Murray nobly discharged the 
 duty of an English soldier, and afterwards came and 
 settled in this town, giving origin to numerous and 
 respectable families. Mr. A. Spencer Murray, cashier 
 of the Orange County Bank some years ago, is a 
 descendant of this individual. 
 
 Another jjoint of early settlement was in the vicinity 
 of Scotchtown. The name of Scotchtown is appro- 
 priated to a small cluster of houses in the immediate 
 vicinity of the Presbyterian church, and took its rise 
 as near as we can ascertain from the building of the 
 church. When this was erected and the congregation 
 was organized, the question was asked, " What shall 
 we call the church ?" and as there was at that time a 
 number of Scotch families residing in the neighbor- 
 hood, it was proposed to call the place Scotchtown, 
 and the church was named accordingly. The names 
 of the families were McCarter, McVey, McWhorter, 
 Mclnnis, McLaughlin, ]McCord, etc. 
 
 This place is on very elevated ground, being nearly 
 1000 feet above tide-water. A rise of ground upon 
 the farm once owned by Rev. Mr. Baldwin commands 
 a view in every direction of a large part of Orange 
 County, and a portion of Duchess, which is from 
 twenty to thirty miles distant. The view embraces a 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 431 
 
 perfect amphitheatre, and well repays the labor of a 
 visit. 
 
 Of the Mclnnis family the following anecdote is pre- 
 served : Mrs. Mclnnis was a strong-minded, open- 
 hearted young woman, free and pure as the mountain 
 air of her native Highlands. It is said that after the 
 marriage ceremony had been performed, and she be- 
 came Mrs. Mclnnis, her husband informed the clergy- 
 man that he had thoughts of emigrating to America, 
 who endeavored to dissuade him by all the off-hand 
 arguments he was possessed of, but all to no purpose. 
 Finding him fixed in his determination to leave the 
 country, and withal a little vexed at his obstinacy and 
 improper appreciation of argument, he turned from 
 him, and addressing himself to Mrs. Mclnnis, said, — 
 
 " If your husband goes, as I fear he will, you ought 
 not to go with him, but stay at home." 
 
 To this she replied in fervent strains, dictated by 
 her feelings fresh gushing from the heart, — "Sir, you 
 have just united us for weal or woe and for life, and 
 will you be the first to break the bonds yourself have 
 made? I will follow him, sir, if he goes to the ends 
 of the earth." 
 
 The clergyman stood rebuked by the strong affec- 
 tion of the Scottish maid, and the argument closed. 
 Though hard and trying to the feelings it may have 
 been, yet this new-married couple soon left for 
 America, and with others stamped the impress of 
 their native land upon the hill-tops of this, never to 
 be effaced. 
 
 Peter McLaughlin, one of the settlers mentioned 
 above, died March 1, 1804, in the seventieth year of 
 his age. In him society lost a valuable member, as 
 he was a truly pious and honest man. 
 
 The White family, though early in the country, 
 are not old settlers in this town. The ancestor, James 
 White, who came to this country from Ireland, located 
 in Montgomery as early as 1741, near the town line 
 of Wallkill. Maj. John White, of this town, was a 
 descendant, and removed here after the Revolution, 
 when this part of the town was yet a wilderness. 
 The first house erected was just east and south of the 
 subsequent residence of Mr. Andrew White, on the 
 north bank of Manyunk's Kill. This is a small stream 
 that runs easterly through the farm and enters the 
 Wallkill. It furnishes a small water-power at some 
 points of its course. 
 
 There was also an early settlement made at Camp- 
 bell Hall, on the Otter Kill. This was known by 
 that name as early as 1767. 
 
 Adjoining Campbell Hall, and a little further 
 down the road east, Samuel Watkins located at an 
 early period and made an extensive settlement.* This 
 gentleman was of English origin ; the family — con- 
 sisting of several brothers — emigrated to New Eng- 
 land, and four of their children removed to this 
 county. They were in this town in 1767. Their 
 
 • Now Hitniptunburgli. 
 
 names were Samuel, Ephraim, Joseph, and Hezekiah. 
 The Rev. Hezekiah Watkins, mentioned in the history 
 of St. George's Church, Newburgh, was an uncle of 
 these four brothers. A small portion of the original 
 purchase is still in the possession of the family de- 
 scendants. 
 
 Still further east the Faulkner family made an early 
 settlement. From Campbell Hall down, including 
 these settlements, the land is beautiful, and richly 
 compensates the cultivator. 
 
 George F. Reeve, of this town, had the honor of 
 inventing the dog power somewhere between 1820 
 and 1824. Though this is a small affair, yet it is a 
 happy application of mechanical power to relieve 
 household labor in the manufacture of butter. Had 
 he lived in ancient times he would have been decreed 
 a public benefactor, or the nation would have erected 
 a monument to his memory. Services not half so 
 valuable have deified many an individual, and sent 
 him down to posterity as an immortal being. 
 
 Andrew McCord was a plain, unostentatious farmer, 
 who, by a long course of honest industry, and intelli- 
 gent discharge of private and public duties, endeared 
 himself to all his fellow-citizens with whom he became 
 acquainted. As the legitimate consequence of a vir- 
 tuous private life, offices of honor and high trust were 
 conferred upon him, which he discharged with fidelity 
 and to the satisfaction of his constituents. Mr. Mc- 
 Cord belonged to the Republican party in politics, 
 and was elected to Congress in 1803. After his term 
 was out, his political friends were so well jjleased with 
 his conduct that they elected him in 1805 to the State 
 Legislature, and continued him in 1806 and 1807. 
 The last year he served in that oflice he was elected 
 speaker of the House, — no small compliment to his 
 general character at that early day. 
 
 Isaac Mills was a prominent citizen of this town. 
 He was a son of Ebenezer Mills, who came from 
 Mills' Pond, L. I., to Orange County in 1787, coming 
 up the river in a sloop to New Windsor and across 
 the county on foot to Wallkill. The son, Isaac Mills, 
 was born March 5, 1788, and married Clarissa Hulse 
 in 1816. His son, Andrew J. Mills, was a member of 
 the Legislature in 1854 and 1855.t 
 
 Israel Green was an early settler of Wallkill, and 
 owned (as shown elsewhere) the principal part of 
 Middletown along Main Street. One of the family is 
 understood to have settled in Mount Hope during the 
 Revolutionary war. The wife of Israel Green is said 
 to have been carried in her mother's arms when a 
 child in a flight across the Shawangunk Mountains, 
 the Indians being in hot pursuit. The child cried 
 very much, but being obliged to hide under a log 
 which the Indians soon after passed, the child ceased 
 to cry, and they were not discovered. Charles S. 
 Green, Esq., married Mary Woodward, sister of Am- 
 brose Woodward. 
 
 _ ^ 
 
 f See Mount Hope. 
 
432 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 David Moore was an early settler on the present 
 place of Samuel Tryon, between Middletown and 
 Phillipsburgh. He was there probably some years ) 
 before the Revolution. Of his children, William set- : 
 tied in Mount Hope; David, Jr., died in early life; 
 Wilmot (father of Emmet ^loore, now residing in 
 Middletown) settled in Dolseutowu ; Walter in Wall- 
 kill, on his father's homestead ; and there were also 
 four daughters, — Mrs. Wickham, Mrs. Smith, Mrs. 
 Treadwell, Mrs. Seeley. 
 
 A case of poetical talent at an early age is con- 
 nected with the history of this family. Walter 
 Moore, probably a brother of David Moore, Sr., died 
 May 16, 17C8, aged thirteen years, six months, and 
 twelve days. The year before, during a time of mor- 
 tality and sickness, he composed quite a number of , 
 poetical pieces of a religious character, the versifica- \ 
 tion in many of them being of easy flow and of gen- 
 uine poetic feeling. A collection of them in posses- 
 sion of Mr. Emmet Moore, Middletown, was printed 
 in 1769, but the name of the publisher is not given. 
 
 Samuel IMapes was an early settler at what is now 
 Howell's Depot. He was from Long Island, and un- 
 doubtedly settled here some years before the Revolu- 
 tion. He bought 6.30 acres. His children were Samuel, 
 Jr., Smith, Seth, Enos, Erastus, Selah, Cyrus H., and 
 Mrs. Jesse Carpenter. A .sou of Samuel, Jr., resides 
 at Howell's, and Mr. N. B. Mapes, merchant and sta- 
 tion agent, is a grandson of Enos. N. B. Mapes has j 
 in his possession two old deeds : one from George } 
 Duncan to Daniel and Samuel Mapes, bearing date i 
 Sept. 5, 1763 ; the other from Daniel Map^s and 
 Samuel Mapes to John Brewster ; each for the same 
 tract of land, — 240 acres, — but the bounds given have 
 so little reference to natural features that it can 
 scarcely be decided whether the tract was at Howell's ' 
 or further east in Orange County; the precinct in 
 which the parties lived is not stated. The homestead 
 of Samuel Mapes, Sr., wa.s the present place of Walter 
 Tuttle. 
 
 The Moore tract mentioned above was bought in 
 connection with the Wickham purchase. The whole 
 included the present Samuel Tryon farm, the present 
 George Wickham farm, and quite a portion of what 
 is now Middletown village. The field notes of the 
 original survey are in possession of Mr. George Wick- 
 ham. The tract comprised about 1120 acres and was 
 surveyed " Tuesday, the 13th of April, 1742," by " Mr. 
 Clinton." At the close of the survey Mr. Clinton } 
 makes the following remark : " The chief fault yt can ! 
 be found with all ye tract is the stoneyness of it." It 
 wa-s lot No. 85, in the Minisink Angle. 
 
 Samuel Wickham came from Southhold, L. I., and 
 settled in East Division, Goshen, June, 1740. He was 
 the first of the name in the county, but was soon fol- 
 lowed by his nephew (among others), William Wick- 
 ham, a long time judge in this county. 
 
 Samuel Wickham's children were Samuel (father 
 of Israel H. Wickham, who was the father of S. S. 
 
 Wickham, of Middletown), and William (father of 
 Mrs. David Reeve, and grandfather of O. P. Reeve and 
 Mrs. B. W. Shaw). Some years before the Revolu- 
 tion he, in connection with David Moore, bought lot 
 35 of the Minisink Angle, settled three of his chil- 
 dren upon it, — Samuel where Mrs. Babcock now lives 
 (corner of Main Street and Academy Avenue), Israel 
 where John Baird now lives (corner of Main Street 
 and Grand Avenue), and Jerusha (Wells) where John 
 Gardiner now lives. 
 
 Israel H. Wickham was born in 1741, and was a 
 tailor by trade. His wife was Elizabeth Carpenter, of 
 Goshen. The deed from his father is dated 1769, and 
 it may be inferred he came to Middletown about that 
 time. He served for a time when only sixteen years 
 old in the French war, going to Fort Edward. He was 
 the owner of several slaves, setting them free at the age 
 of eighteen and twenty-one years. Among these was 
 "Abel," who was well known and respected. Israel 
 Wickham had two children, — Abigail, who died un- 
 married, and Israel, Jr., born September, 1773. The 
 latter married Mary Moore, and settled first two miles 
 north of Middletown, but five years later moved to 
 Middletown, and bought a farm now occupied in part 
 by the Monhagen Mills and Hillside Cemetery. 
 
 He died in 1821, leaving five children, — -Benjamin 
 C, Joseph, Israel H., George, and Abigail. 
 
 Israel H. was the father of George Wickham, now 
 residing at Middletown. 
 
 When Samuel Wickham and wife commenced in 
 Goshen they sawed all the boards used in the first 
 house with a pit saw, — he on the log and she in the 
 pit. 
 
 David Moore, who bought in connection with Sam- 
 uel Wickham, came on to his land before the French 
 war, and made a beginning where Thomas E. Hulse 
 now lives, but was compelled to abandon it for a time. 
 
 Samuel Bull, Sr., settled on the homestead which 
 Robert Boak now owns. He was a blacksmith, and 
 is said to have been employed upon the chain used in 
 the obstruction of the Hudson River during the Revo- 
 lution. His children were Samuel, the well-known 
 citizen of Circleville ; Benjamin, who moved to Ohio; 
 Oscar, who remained on the old farm for many years ; 
 and Phebe, who died unmarried. 
 
 Silas, son of Silas Horton, was born in Goshen, Aug. 
 24, 1756; married Mary Danes in 1777, and settled in 
 Wallkill about 1780. His farm is near what is known 
 as Rockville. The Wallkill Old-School Baptist church 
 was built upon it. He, though young, like his father, 
 was truly patriotic, and signed the pledge of independ- 
 ence for the colonics in 1775. 
 
 His children were Silas Danes, died in 18.50; Bar- 
 nabas, died in 1867; Hiram, died in 1840; Nelly, 
 married Timothy Wheat; Jlolly, married Israel 
 Moore, and afterwards Daniel Slauson ; Mahala, mar- 
 ried William Wheat, and is the only child now living 
 (1880). 
 
 He died in 1816, but his wife lived many years afler 
 
WALLKIL].. 
 
 433 
 
 his death on the same farm witli her son ISairiabas. 
 They, with some others, were buried upon the farm, 
 whieh spot was always recognized as a buryiiig-ground 
 until this year. After IJarnabas died the farm was 
 sold to George E. Beakes, but it was owned by the 
 Hortons about ninety years. Timothy W. Ilorton, a 
 son of Barnabas, owns and lives upon the adjoining 
 farm, known as the Vinson (Hark farm. 
 
 At an early date two brothers, Thomas and Samuel 
 Brinson, settled in the north part of the town. After 
 many years Thomas sold his farm to Abner Bull, who 
 hail married his only daughter, Maria. It contained 
 :244 acres, and was long known as the best farm in 
 this section. Mr. Bull (HimI in IS.")?, leaving his widow 
 and the following children : Mrs. Charles Mills, of 
 Millsburgh; Mrs. William D. Hurtin, of Circleville; 
 Sarah, never married, died in 1860 ; Mrs. William 
 Gale, of Railway, N. J. ; and one son, Thomas, wdio 
 died in 1871. The farm is owned by Henry A. Shaw. 
 Sanuiel's farm contained 318 acres. He sold it to 
 Boltis Moore, of New York, who used it as a summer 
 resort. At his death Mrs. Mary Hill bought it of his 
 heirs. She divided it into two parts for her sons, Wil- 
 liam and Robert, reserving ten acres, upon which she 
 built a stately mansion in 18o(i. Previous to this she 
 had married Jacob M. Shorter. She spared neither 
 money nor labor to make the place attractive, yet her 
 poor health gave her but little opportunity to enjoy 
 it. During her life she caused many marks of remem- 
 brance to be made. She built the first Methodist 
 church and parsonage at Bullville at her own ex- 
 pense ; also ex])ended mvich upon the burying- 
 ground adjoining her estate. While the house was 
 being built the place received the name "Pierce 
 Valley," and is known as such to some e.\tent now. 
 Mrs. Shorter died in 1872, leaving the beautiful home 
 to her daughter Emma, who married Edwin Parme- 
 lee, of Newburgh. They occupy it now. William's 
 farm is now owned by Mrs. BrinkerhoH'. Henry L. 
 Haight bought Robert's, and lives upon it. These 
 farms are one and a half miles from Circleville. 
 
 Millsburgh is a ridge of land running from Scotch- 
 town towards Bullville, and was bought by Jacob 
 Mills, of Little Britain. This wild tract of land con- 
 sisted of 1700 acres ; his grandsons own the most of 
 it now; he lived upon it many years, and built several 
 houses for his sons. 
 
 His children were Jonathan, lived near Blooming- 
 burgh ; Samuel, lived where his son Albert now lives ; 
 Jacob, lived at Scotchtown ; Jlezekiah D., lived at 
 Wallkill; Wiekham, moved to Long Islatid ; Charles, 
 of Millsburgh, died from a fall; Mrs. Thomas Bull, 
 whose husband owned and founded Bullville; Mrs. 
 Jonathan Hawkins, of Hamptonburgh ; Mrs. John 
 Gale, of Milo; Catharine, never married; Mrs. Samuel 
 White, Scotchtown. 
 
 The only survivor of this family is Hczekiah D., 
 who is now eighty-seven years old. He has lived 
 under every President; was a captain during the war 
 
 of 1812; lives upon the farm he has owned over sixty 
 years. His youngest son lives with him; his other 
 children are Mrs. James White, of Scotchtown ; Har- 
 rison, of Crawford; Niithan J., of Circleville ; and 
 Mrs. Ira H. Colenmn, of Seneca Co., N. Y. 
 
 Not many years after Wallkill was formed Mr. 
 Taylor, of New York City, bought a jiatent of 70(1 
 acres. James Morrison and Henry Patterson bought 
 the greater part of this, and lived upon their farms 
 manj' years. Morrison sold his farm to Phineas 
 Hulse and moved West. Hulse sold it in 1849 to 
 Nathan J. Mills, who owns and occupies it now. 
 When Henry Patterson died his farm was bought by 
 William I). Ilurtin, and is now owned by his heirs. 
 
 These farms adjoin the " Honey Pot" farm, also the 
 " Bush" farm, which is now Circleville. 
 
 Patterson's family is still represented in Orange 
 County, as the following will show. His children 
 were Mrs. David Linderman ; Alexander, who never 
 married ; Mrs. Peter Sears, of Colilenham ; Mrs. John 
 B. Cox, of Middletown, who die<l Dee. 4, 1880, leaving 
 two sons and two daughters in Middletown ; John, 
 married Arietta Bull, of Wallkill (he was killed by 
 the cars) ; Sally, who never married ; .Tames M., who 
 died in California; Henry, who married Catharine 
 Harris, of Randall's Island (her grandfather owned 
 the island). He lives in Harlem, and is seventy-nine 
 years old, the youngest and Last of the family. 
 
 Moses Bull married Dolly Moore, July 20, 1795, 
 and soon after settled upon a farm in the eastern part 
 of Wallkill. He had twelve children. Rev. Ralph 
 Bull, of Westtown, was his son. His children were 
 Mrs. Sophia Bell, of (Jeneva; Mrs. John Patterson, 
 who died in 1800; Elijah and Elisha (twins), 1817- 
 1870; Ralph, who died in 1877; Mrs. Marianne Coz- 
 zons, of Middletown ; Mrs. Moses McMonagle, of Wall- 
 kill ; Caroline and Katharine, twins (Katharine died 
 1829, aged twenty-one years ; tJaroline married Charles 
 McMonagle) ; Mrs. He/.ekiah Conner, who died in 
 1836; Mrs. Charles Conner, who died in 1880; and 
 Mrs. John H. McWilliams, living near Circleville. 
 
 Marianne was a teacher nine years; in 1822 taught 
 where Moses J. Winfield now lives. Moses Bull died 
 in 1848, his wife in 18.'i5; both were buried in the 
 Scotchtown Cemetery. Harvey R. Roc now owns and 
 lives upon the farm. 
 
 Mrs. Cozzens locates "Three-Mile Hill" as running 
 .south from near her father's place. It was an Indian 
 path (so called), and wius exactly three miles to the 
 Wallkill River. She remembers having traversed the 
 l)ath many times, in quest of berries, when a child. It 
 was a hard, well-beaten path. She also remembers 
 that during the war of 1812 some " squatters" came 
 upon a portion of land (three miles long and of 
 various widths) lying between her father's and the 
 neighbors' farms (no patent claimed it); they took 
 out quit-claim deeds, and have always held it. Davis- 
 town is upon a part of it. 
 
 The following additional memoranda were furnished 
 
434 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 by Miss Sarah E. Wilkison. Before the Revolution 
 William Carpenter moved from Goshen to a farm 
 near Van Burenville ; only a small spot was cleared, 
 and for miles east of it there was only a foot-path 
 through tlie woods. He was in the war, and often his 
 wife was obliged to bury her dishes and such articles 
 as she valued, take her children, and flee to Goshen 
 to escape the Indians. After the war he and his 
 family usually attended meeting at Goshen, always 
 going on foot, only nine miles. His children were 
 William, died in 1875 ; Benjamin, now living in Wis- 
 consin ; Mrs. Jacob Mills, lived near Westtowu ; Mrs. 
 EberMapes, died at Middletown, 1869; Eleanor, never 
 married; William, lived upon the homestead, had [ 
 twelve children, who married and settled near him. 
 His son Joel now owns and lives upon the farm which 
 has been owned by the Carpenters over one hundred 
 and ten years. 
 
 Peter Hoyt, another early settler, married for his 
 second wife Mrs. Mary Vail, the mother of Mrs. 
 William Carpenter, Jr. He had the following chil- 
 dren : John, Archibald, Peter, now living in New 
 Jersey, Mrs. Jeremiah Cox, Mrs. Alex. Bell, and Joel, 
 who retained the old farm and died in April, 1861, 
 his wife living only two weeks longer. The farm is 
 now owned and occupied by his only son, Samuel D. 
 Hoyt. 
 
 Daniel Darby was born in Newburgh, May, 1799, 
 came to Wallkill in 1823, married Julia, daughter of 
 William Carpenter; he lives near Van Burenville. 
 In 1841 he was town collector, had $3807.45 to col- 
 lect, including his fees at three per cent. He went 
 on horseback to every tax-payer ; it took him seven 
 weeks to collect the sum. This year (1881) the tax 
 to be collected in Wallkill is $81,907.33. 
 
 Vinson Clark moved from Long Island upon a farm 
 of 153 acres, now owned by Timothy W. Horton, 
 about the same time that others spoken of came into 
 this town. He built the house which T. W. Horton 
 remodeled in 1872, about eighty years ago. He kept 
 store and tavern over forty years. He made a great 
 business of raising hemp and flax. Mrs. Clark braided 
 straw for hats and sent it to New York. In this way 
 she helped to accumulate a good fortune. As years 
 passed on he had a blacksmith, wagon-maker, cooper, 
 and shoemaker-shops. His place and business was 
 much like Van Burenville. At his death, in 1839, 
 he owned three or four other farms in this town. His 
 children were William, died in 1832; John, died in 
 1872; Patience, married three times, now living in 
 Wisconsin, and is the widow of the Rev. Mr. Clark ; 
 Oliver, died in 1845 ; Mrs. Lewis Bell, of Bull Hack, 
 died in 1871 ; Thomas (deceased) ; Vinson J., died in 
 Waymark, Pa. ; Hector, died October, 1832, and was 
 the firet person buried in the family yard on the farm ; 
 James S. (deceased). 
 
 William and Daniel Clark, of Scotchtown, are sons 
 of Oliver Clark, and grandsons of Vinson Clark, 
 
 Daniel Moore owned a farm about a mile west of 
 
 Wallkill meeting-house ; he built a hotel upon it, and 
 sold the property to Isaac B. Everett, who had mar- 
 ried his daughter Maria. Everett kept the first hotel, 
 Joshua and Thomas Gale the first store, Marcus Hun- 
 ter and Barnabas Masters the wagon-maker shop ; 
 William Moore, blacksmith-shop ; Lewis Everett, 
 shoemaker-shop. This was a great business place; 
 teams from Sullivan County, loaded with lumber, 
 hides, bark, etc., made it a stopping-place, often 
 twenty-five remaining over-night. The stage passed 
 through the place on its way to Bloomingburgh. 
 
 A post-oifice was established, and Christian Shons 
 named the place "Van Burenville," it being just after 
 Martin Van Buren was elected President. Isaac B. 
 Everett was the first and only postmaster. This place 
 is about three miles north of Howell's, and when the 
 railroad reached that place the post-office was soon 
 removed to Howell's. 
 
 The opening of the North plank-road was another 
 blow to the place ; the stage-route was changed, and 
 business decreased very fast. Walter Gregory bought 
 the whole property ; kept the hotel only a short time, 
 when it was given up. The buildings are entirely 
 gone ; a single farm-house and a school-house are all 
 that is left to call Van Burenville. 
 
 Walter Gregory was murdered in his own house, 
 Sept. 14, 1865, by Henderson, a man from Ohio, who 
 had been selling pictures through the neighborhood 
 and knew that Gregory drew a sum of money from 
 the bank on that day. The murderer was hung at 
 Goshen, and it is said this was the only murder ever 
 committed in Wallkill. The farm is now owned by 
 his son, William Gregory. 
 
 John Williams owned the farm adjoining the Hor- 
 ton and Clark farms, near the Wallkill meeting-house. 
 He and some of his family were buried upon the farm 
 over forty-five years ago ; the farm has been sold 
 several times, and the burial-spot is almost forgotten. 
 James L. Carpenter now owns and lives upon the 
 farm. 
 
 On the farm of Stephen Sayre, now owned by John 
 Ralston, about one-half mile west of Van Burenville, 
 is a neglected and almost forgotten burying-ground ; 
 about fifty children and a few adults were buried 
 there. Isaac B. Everett, spoken of at Van Buren- 
 ville, has ten children buried in this pasture-field. It 
 has not been recognized as a graveyard in over forty 
 years. 
 
 Elisha R. King owned a farm on the North plank- 
 road, about four miles northwest of Middletown. In 
 1862 he built a hotel, and at the raising of the build- 
 ing Joseph Kernochan named the place " Fair Oaks," 
 it being soon after that battle, and was a very appro- 
 priate name. Since then it has become a station uj)on 
 the Midland Railroad. The hotel is now owned by 
 M. S. Askew ; through his efforts a post-office has been 
 established, and his son Matthew is postmaster. 
 
 In 1787, James Houston, of Neelytown, a son of 
 Rev. Joseph Houston, the first minister of Goodwill 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 435 
 
 Church, near Montgomery, bought a tract of over 300 
 acres ia the southeastern part of Wallkill, and settled 
 his son George upon it. George cultivated the land 
 and made as rapid improvements as possible, having 
 slaves to assist him. He married Jane Hunter, of 
 Dwaars Kill, Ulster Co., for his first wife. She died in 
 1801. In 1796 the church was organized at his house, 
 and he gave three acres of land for the church and 
 graveyard. A meeting-house was built this same 
 year, and at the raising of the building Cornelius Mc- 
 Laughlin, who lived on the farm now owned by 
 Thomas Nelson, named the place Scotchtown, be- 
 cause so many Scotch people were in the new congre- 
 gation. Besides assisting to organize a church, giving 
 the land, and donating liberally for the building, Mr. 
 Houston aided the Rev. Methuselah Baldwin in buy- 
 ing a farm of 140 acres, now owned by George Wal- 
 lace. Upon these conditions Mr. Baldwin accepted 
 the call made him, and became the first pastor of the 
 church. The reader can plainly see that George 
 Houston was the first and real founder of the village 
 now known as Scotchtown. The burial-place of slaves 
 is the spot now occupied by the church-sheds. Mr. 
 Houston engaged in many enterprises for public good, 
 spending both time and money. He died in Decem- 
 ber, 1825, leaving fourteen children, viz. : Mrs. Samuel 
 Brown (died near Scotchtown in 1854) ; John G., who 
 remained upon the homestead; James, died in Mont- 
 gomery ; Robert H., born August, 1798, is now and 
 has been a resident of Middletown since April, 1826. 
 A portion of the village is built upon his farm ; he has 
 only one child, David D., who, with his family, lives 
 at home. George, died in Middletown, was justice of 
 the peace many years; Anthony and Jane (twins). 
 Anthony died in Middletown. D. Crawford Houston, ; 
 a graduate of West Point, is his son. Jane married 
 Charles Heard ; died in Hamptonburgh. Henry lived 
 in Mechanictown many years ; died there. Mrs. 
 Hector Van Cleft lives in Middletown ; is the mother 
 of J. L. Van Cleft (postmaster). Samuel died in 1828, 
 Theodore in 1837. Mrs. Orange H. Horton lives at j 
 White Plains, Westchester County. Mrs. William | 
 Church lives in Orange, N. J. Thomas died at 
 Toledo, but was a resident of Cincinnati. 
 
 James Boak was born in 1772 ; married Achsah, a 
 sister of Capt. John and a niece of Col. VVm. Faulk- 
 ner. They lived at Keisertown, and he built what is 
 now known as Crans' still-house. In 1802 he bought 
 60 acres of John Puft" where Amos H. Gillen now 
 lives, near Fair Oaks. He lived in a small log house 
 on the same spot where the dwelling-house now 
 stands. It was surrounded by a dense forest of large 
 trees, some one hundred feet high. Mrs. Boak being 
 afraid the trees would blow down upon the house, had 
 the tops of many of them tied together, thinking to 
 lessen the danger. In 1804 he exchanged his 50 acres 
 with Elias Bailey for •")0 acres (now about one mile 
 from Circleville), then bought more of Isaac Den- 
 man, having about 141 acres in all. In 1836 he 
 
 moved to Scotchtown, leaving his son Robert upon 
 
 the homestead. He occupies it now, having bought 
 an adjoining farm of Oscar Bull in 1875 ; now owns 
 228 acres, extending from Guinea to Fair Oaks. 
 James Boak died in May, 1852, his wife in 1860. He 
 had the following nine children (five are now living) : 
 John, born in 1799, died in Scotchtown in 1836 ; Mrs. 
 John E. Brewster, died in Scotchtown in 1870 ; Lettie 
 (not married), died in 1825 ; Robert, born 180(), lives 
 upon the homestead, has one son living, — one son died 
 in the late war ; Mrs. John Youngblood, near Frank- 
 lin Square, died in 1877; Melinda (single), lives at 
 Scotchtown; Lucinda (single), lives at Scotchtown; 
 James, lives near Scotchtown, has two sons ; Emily 
 (single), lives at Scotchtown. 
 
 In 1780, Henry, son of Jacob Linderman, of the 
 town of Montgomery, bought 120 acres in Wallkill 
 of Gilbert Wiliett, paying one pound per acre. It 
 was almost a wilderness, although two log houses 
 were upon the place, each near a good spring. He 
 married Sarah Shaw, and lived upon the farm many 
 years ; he cultivated the land, built buildings, and 
 lived to see his farm become valuable. He was jus- 
 tice of the peace forty years. In 1836 his son, Henry 
 S., bought the homestead, and occupies it now. His 
 father, having married the second time, moved to 
 Bloomingburgh, where he died in 1844, aged eighty 
 years ; his first wife died in 1831, aged si.xty-four 
 years. He had ten children, of whom four are npw 
 living, as follows : David, died in Sullivan Co. in 1866 ; 
 John (physician), died in Pennsylvania in 1875, — he 
 had three sons who filled prominent positions; Henry 
 R., a director of the U. S. Mint many years, died in 
 Washington ; Garrett, now an extensive coal-dealer 
 at Mauch Chunk, Pa., married a daughter of Asa 
 Packer; Albert B., is now engaged in the project of 
 draining the " Everglades" in Florida ; Wiliett, a 
 lawyer, was district attorney of Ulster County for 
 thirteen years, dead ; Peter, moved to Michigan in 
 1836 and died there; Mrs. Robert Thompson, dead; 
 Mrs. Thomas J. Emmons, lives in New York City ; 
 Dolly, not married, lives in New York City ; Henry 
 S., lives upon the homestead, was born in 1807 ; 
 James O., lived and died in Kingston, was county 
 judge of Ulster County ten years ; Sally Jane, not 
 married, lives in New York City. This farm is about 
 two miles northwest of Circleville. 
 
 Henry Weller was born in Germany ; on his passage 
 to America both his parents died ; he was then about 
 nine years old. When he landed in New York the 
 German consul took charge of him and his prop- 
 erty, put him out until he became of age, then gave 
 him his property, and with it he came into what is 
 now Crawford, and purchased about 300 acres of land, 
 which is in part owned by his descendants. He mar- 
 ried Elinor, youngest daughter of William Bull and 
 Sarah Wells, who was born in 1745. They had six 
 children, — Henry, William, Absalom, Hiram, E.sther, 
 and Catharine, — all are dead. There is only one of 
 
436 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 the third generation living (Mrs. Alice Robbing, of 
 Windham, Conn.), except some of Absalom's chil- 
 dren. 
 
 In the year 1800, Matthew Rowe, of Montgomery, 
 purchased 100 acres of land from Frederick Traver, 
 in the north part of Wallkill, now on the line of 
 Crawford, and gave it to his daughter, Elizabeth, 
 who had married Absalom Weller, and they settled 
 upon the tract, it being then a wilderness. Mr. 
 Weller rapidly improved his farm, and took several 
 premiums on farm products at the agricultural fairs 
 held in Goshen in 1820, 1821 ; and in 1822, " for best 
 potatoes planted in rows, and measured 275 bushels 
 per acre," he received eight dollars ])remium. He had 
 twelve children, eight are now living: Leartus M., 
 born January, 1801, lives upon the homestead; Mil- 
 ton, lives in Middletown ; Mrs. Albert Dickinson, 
 Middletown ; Mrs. William Dickinson, lives in New 
 Haven, Conn., and her daughter is the wife of ex- 
 Governor Jewell, of Connecticut; Mrs. William 
 Conkling, Middletown; Alpheus and Tlieodorus 
 (twinsj ; Alfred, lives in town of Crawford. 
 
 Mr. Weller died October, 1827; his wife, April, 
 1851. He had set apart a burial-ground upon his 
 farm, to be known as the " Weller burying-ground." 
 The first person buried in the yard was his daughter 
 Margaret, May 21, 1813. The bodies lying there 
 now are Absalom Weller, wife, four children, and 
 two children of Leartus M. Weller. The yard is 
 carefully kept up, and is designed as the resting-place 
 for the family. 
 
 Before 1800, James Bingham came from Windham, 
 Conn., and bought ten acres of Jonathan Coddington, 
 in the northwestern part of the town of Wallkill. It 
 is now owned by John Green. Bingham was a 
 cooper, and he worked at his trade. His wife, Ala- 
 thea Parish, also came from Connecticut, and under- 
 stood the care of the silk-worm and the manufacture 
 of silk, so Mr. Bingham planted a mulberry-orchard, 
 and procured some worms from Connecticut, and for 
 some years gave it considerable attention. Mrs. Bing- 
 ham spun the silk for use, — one year had over three 
 hundred skeins. In 1822-24, James Bingham took the 
 premium for " best sewing-silk" at the agricultural 
 fair, Goshen, and received five dollars each year. 
 Some of his neighbors attempted to keep the silk- 
 worms, but found it too much care, so the business 
 was wholly abandoned after a few years. James 
 Bingham died June, 1844 ; his wife, August, 1854. 
 They had only -three children, now living, and all 
 over seventy years of age. Anna married Benjamin 
 Woodward; lives at Burlingham. B.C.Woodward, 
 merchant in Middletown, Sullivan Co., is their son. 
 Abigail P. married Lucius L. Woodward, both living, 
 residents of Middletown many years. Margaret K., 
 not married, lives with her sister in Burlingham. 
 
 On the line of Crawford, in Wallkill, Benjamin 
 Creaderick owned a farm of two hundred and thirty- 
 four acres. He lived in a log house, and had a trip- 
 
 hammer shop. About 1810 he sold his farm to Na- 
 than, son of Birdsey Young, of Blooming-Grove. Mr. 
 Young had to go to New York and get his money 
 changed into gold and silver, as Creaderick refused 
 to take any paper money. He married Margaret 
 Thompson, of Crawford. They had six children, of 
 whom five are now living, — Mrs. William Cross, lives 
 in Crawford, aged seventy-eight years; Andrew T., 
 owns an adjoining farm of one hundred and twenty- 
 two acres, but he lives in Circleville, aged seventy-six 
 years; Elizabeth, not married, lives in Circleville; 
 Isaac and Birdsey, twins (Birdsey died in 1841, aged 
 thirty years; Isaac, M.D., lives in New York City); 
 Mrs. Andrew Mills, lives in Englewood, N. J. 
 
 Mrs. Young died in 1845, after which he married 
 Mrs. Tompkins and had three sons, — Nathan, Orville, 
 and Birdsey. They live upon the farm now. Mr. 
 Young was born in 1782, and died in 1855. 
 
 On the Vinson Clark farm, now owned by T. W. 
 Horton, there was a block-house built for a protec- 
 tion from the Indians during the Revolutionary war. 
 
 McCorlin's Kill is a stream rising in Crawford, 
 takes a southerly course, and empties into the Wall- 
 kill near W. Mackinson's. Harvey Roe's saw-mill is 
 upon this stream. As early as 1760 John McNeal, 
 who lived where John Harlow now lives, had a grist- 
 mill u|)on it, and it is asserted that that was the first 
 grist-mill in Wallkill. 
 
 Baldwin's Hill is on George Wallace's farm, west 
 of his house and north of the Scotchtown parsonage ; 
 it took its name from Methuselah Baldwin, who once 
 owned it. It is said to be the highest point of land 
 in Orange County. The view from it is very grand. 
 The visitor can look into six counties, two States, and 
 upon many villages, besides a fine view of the Sha- 
 wangunk Mountains. 
 
 The first real tavern in Scotchtown was kept by 
 William Connor, but long before this Patrick Bodle 
 kept one where J. Denton Mills lives, and another, 
 
 by Owens, on the road to Circleville, where J. 
 
 Swezey lives. 
 
 Many years previous to the Revolutionary war 
 McCormick, the great-grandfather of Mrs. Dan- 
 iel G. Gibb, of Circleville, purchased of Cadwallader 
 Colden (through Brinson, his agent) a tract of land 
 of 200 acres, wholly covered with dense forest, for the 
 paltry sum of one shilling per acre. He built a log 
 house and cleared some land ; but after a time he sold 
 it to John Smith, and he sold to Henry Smith, who 
 made many improvements, building a stone house, 
 also a cider- and .still-house, which still remain and 
 are well known. He must have sold some of his land 
 to those owning the adjoining farms, as the farm now 
 comprises only 140 acres. In 1847, Joseph Kernochan, 
 of Crawford, bought the farm for $49 per acre ; owns 
 and occupies it now. It could not be bought to-day 
 for $80 per acre. This farm is about one and one- 
 quarter miles west of Circleville, on the direct road 
 to Bloomingburgh. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 437 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF JONATHAN WILKISON.* 
 
 The first that I can remember was wheu I was ahout eight years old. 
 My father's name was Jonathan. He married Phebe Barber. They had 
 ten children. I was tlic youngest son, so tliey callftii me after my father's 
 name. They once lived in Rahway, N. J., and I think were born there. 
 I was born near Bellvale, Warwick, July 20, 1783, and lived thero until 
 the fall after I was eight years old. My father was a miller, and in the 
 fall of 1791 he and my mother came to visit my sister Polly, who mar- 
 ried Robert Osborne. They lived in u log house, about a mile froHi where 
 Mount Johnson stands. The Bloomiugburgh mill was unoccupied, — 
 it was then called Oliver's mill, — they being in custody at Kingston, 
 charged with burning another mill, about three miles Irom theirs, and 
 as court had just adjourned when tlie deed was committed, they had to 
 wait until next term, which was one year. They offered the mill to my 
 father, and he decided to take it, so they came home, and as soon as they 
 could make arrangenit-nts for moving we started. I remember just how 
 the country looked. We came through Goshen ; below there the coun- 
 try was more settled than we found it on the west side, but it was noth- 
 ing like it is now. W'here you will now see fine buildings with beautiful 
 surroundings, then there was a log house, standing in the woods, if there 
 was a good spring there. In those days people were very particular in 
 building to have a good spring of water near the door — wells were nut 
 thought of. We started very early in the morning. The fii"st day we 
 came as far as Squire Morrison's, He lived on the farm where Nathan J. 
 Mills now lives, in a log house, close by the road, in front of tliatold house 
 that they tore down last summer (l.s7I). They were very kind-hearted 
 people, hut I suppose they are all dead. How well I remember about 
 the fire. It whs a cool, cliilly day, and the great old-fatthioued fireplace 
 was full of good wood, as then wood was no object; the more they could 
 use the better, as the country was so thickly wooded they wanted to clear 
 the land. 
 
 The next morning we started on our journey. We were now to the 
 end of the road. The next farm was Henry Patterson's. They lived in 
 a log house, nearly half a mile from the main road. James Morrison 
 built a frame house two years after, and in about two years more Henry 
 Patterson built a frame house on the cross-road. Morrison's house was 
 used until 1871. Patterson's is still used by Wm. t). Hurtin as a wagon- 
 house. 
 
 For the next five miles we had to go by marked trees. After we had 
 gone about a mile we thought we were wrong, and seeing a log house 
 at a short distance, my sister Katie went to get a guide. We followed 
 the guide and passed a few log houses, but I have forgotten who live i in 
 them — not one of them is standing. We reached our home at Bloom- 
 iugburgh nearly night. It was a log house, on the place where Thomp- 
 son Sherer now lives. I can remember about my father tending the 
 mill, and of seeing women come with their bags of grain on horseback, 
 as wagons were very scarce, and the roads not fit for wagon traveling. 
 In those days people went to meeting, mill, and market on horseback. 
 We stayed at this mill only one year, then we moved where Jarvis Purdy 
 now lives. My father built a new log bouse on that place, and it was 
 couBidered rather a fine house. I remember hearing my father and the 
 neighbors talk about tlie war, what hardships they endured, and of their 
 going to Warwick when Washington was to pass through there. Every- 
 body was anxious to liow to Washington, as he was looked upon as tlie 
 best of the earth. 
 
 In those days stoves were not used, and people had to keep fire all 
 night. They had no matches, so if the fire went out they would have to 
 go perhaps a mile before they found some one who had fire. The first 
 stove brought into the neighborhood caused as much excitement aa an 
 earthquake would in these days. James Wooden had the firststovelever 
 saw, and it would be considered quite a show if one of them could be seen 
 now. The women were much opposed to using the new machine. They 
 were sure they would never like ttiem, as the old way was good enough. 
 They knew they cuuld get a meal much sooner by cooking the meat in a 
 long-handled pan on some coals, and hang the old iron tea-kettle on the 
 crane. As for baking, no better way could be found than to use the tin 
 oven before a good fireplace 
 
 I well remember when Washington was President. When he died in 
 1799 everybody mourned as if he had lost his best friend. When the 
 paper came that announced his death, it was lent from neighbor to 
 neighbor until all had read the account. I can now see how the paper 
 looked,— it was much smaller than must papers are now, and had broad 
 black lines drawn around the margin. Of course there was no such 
 time as when any great man dies now, for there were not so many people, 
 and very few newspapers. People had very little money, and they were 
 
 * Obtained by his granddaughter some years since. 
 
 obliged to waste no time, as they provided for their families by the hard- 
 est kind of labor. I remember distinctly when all the Presidents have 
 been elected. My first vote was given wlien Thomas Jeflerson was elected 
 for the second term. I do not think I ever missed my vote until I was 
 eighty-seven years old, then I was too feeble to go so far. 
 
 I*et)ple worked hard in those days. Men cut wood, peeled bark, etc. 
 The tan and cturier business was a great trade, but people worked slower 
 and better than now, for it touk seven years to tan leather, and now that 
 many hours will almost complete the work ; but compare the leather and 
 you will find a very different article, — not so good as in old times. We 
 raised our flax; the women would have carding frolics, when probably 
 all the women for miles would help each other; then they would put 
 the flax in a pillow-case and some one would go around with it, each 
 pei-son taking enough to spin warp for a yard. A day would be appointed 
 to bring it home, tlien they would liave what was called a "spinning 
 frolic ;" a bundled might be present, have a good supper, dancing, and 
 what was termed a good time. Cotton cloth was baidly used; only in 
 calico and fine muslin. Every one wore linen clothes in summer, but 
 they made woolen clothes for winter use. The whole work of manufac- 
 turing cloth from wool was done at home. 
 
 The great eclipse was in June; it was dark about two hours. The 
 roosters crowed ; the hens went to roost. We were hoeing corn. It was 
 so cold during the time that we put on our coats and made up a good fire. 
 It was in the forenoon. We had to light the candles, although many 
 used pine-knots in place of candles; they gave a very brilliant light. 
 Lamps would have been thought too dangerous for use. 
 
 I was married in 1805 in a frame house, hut had never lived in one. 
 That house is yet standing. John Ellis owns it now. An addition has 
 been built to it, but the same old room is there, and it stands in the same 
 place. After I was married we lived in a log house near Mount Johnson. 
 The house is gone. Two pear-trees are living which stood near the door. 
 The first frame house that I ever lived in is the house in which Jarvis 
 Purdy lives {burned iu 1880). It has been improved some in size and 
 looks, but I built the main building. My parents were living in the log 
 house that my father built when I was a email boy, on the same farm. 
 The old log houses are all gone, only one. William Kirk lives in one I 
 built and lived in about five years. When I built my first frame house 
 the timber was all prepared from my own farm. I did all the work, with 
 the help of my two eldest children, who weie quite young ; but in those 
 days every child worked as soon as tliey were large enough. The old 
 neighbors are all gone; not even the children are left in their parents' 
 places. At one time in our neighborhood lived families by the names of 
 Rumph, Stump, Jump, Quick, and Ketcham, in the order that I have 
 named them. 
 
 Cattle-raising at one time was quite a business, although you could 
 tiien buy a good cow for from eight to sixteen dollare, and yokes of oxen 
 were sold for thirty to forty-five and fifty dollars. One day a man came to 
 me and wished to buy a yoke of cattle I had for sale. I asked him forty- 
 five dollars for them. He would not give it, so he went away. He came 
 again in a few days, and I asked him fifty dollai-s for them. He went 
 away as before, came again next day. I asked him fifty-five dollars. 
 He again went as he came; came back the third time. I asked him sixty 
 dollars. I told him if he wished them he belter take them, as I should 
 raise five dollare every time he came and went without them, eo he took 
 them at the last-named price. I received fifteen dollars more than my 
 first price. 
 
 In my boyhood I attended meeting at the Old Hopewell Church, Jon- 
 athan Freeman pastor. We usually went on horseback, one horse often 
 carrying two persons. In the year 1810 my wife and I united with the 
 Scotchtown Church. Methuselah Baldwin was pastor. The parsonage 
 was burned twice. The first time all the church records were lost in the 
 fire, and the second time nearly all of those left were burned. The first 
 time we returned our names, but the next time we lived in Goshen and 
 neglected to do so. We afterwards united at Circleville. 
 
 In the cold summer of 1816 wo had frost every month in the year. 
 When we planted corn we would build up a fire of stumps to warm our 
 fingers. We wore our great-coats to work in the hay. The swathes would 
 be white in the morning with frost. There was no fruit nor berries. I 
 knew of but one piece of corn that ripened. Winter grain was an excel- 
 lent crop. 
 
 One ofthe saddest things in my remembrance was when the *' Neptune" 
 sank, November, 1824. Several of our neighbors were on board, and four 
 were brought home dead,— Hugh Rush's wife (they lived on the farm 
 where Andrew Moore now lives); John Watson's son John (he lived 
 where Jonathan Miller now lives, in a log house) ; Mrs. Graham and her 
 little niece, named Sarah, who was coming home with her aunt to make 
 a visit (they lived where Charles Carson now lives). The women had 
 
438 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 been to New York to sell tlieir butter. They were putin their coffins at 
 Newliurgh, nntl all brought to Mr. Graham's house, and there prepared 
 forburial. They looked fresli ; bore rather afluelied coiiuteuance. Mrs. 
 Rush's face and one bide of her cap was burned. The day of the funeral 
 they turned four chairs in the yard and placed a coffin on each, — Mrs. 
 Bush first (she being the eldest), then Mrs. Graham, John Watson, and 
 lastly little Sarah, who had left her home for a visit in the country. The 
 sermon was by Rev. Samuel Van Vechton, of Bloomingburgh. I never 
 saw the sight but once, — four coffins inclosing their dead standing aide 
 by side; then all moved away to the same yard at Bloomingburgh. A 
 hearse was unknown in those days. Any common wagon was used to 
 carry the dead; people knew but little about burial expenses. 
 
 I knew MiddK-towii when it contained but two or three houses; have 
 often seen the first church that was built there. It stood where the 
 Congregational ch\irch now stands, and was an old dilapidated building. 
 From its poor appearance, some reckless fellow gave it the name of the 
 " Lord's Barn." By that name it was familiarly known. I do not know 
 exactly why it was calleil Middletown, because when I first knew it 
 there was nothing there to call anything. I remember when there was 
 no Circleville, Scotchtown, BuUville, nor any of these little places that 
 now dot the conntiy. I know when Goshen and Bloomingburgh turn- 
 pike was established, and one gate was where Richard tjlee now lives, 
 about a mile from Scotchtown. The father of Dr. James H. Smiley 
 was the gate-keeper at one time. 1 have been to Newburgh when it was 
 a very small place. People always went tci New York by the way of New- 
 burgh ; drive there and leave their teams; go by the boat, 'and when 
 they would return was very uncertain. 
 
 Schools were but little known. The iirst school-house in our district 
 stood on the corner, near Joseph Kernochan's. My children went there. 
 James McGowan taught. People did not prize education as they do now. 
 
 The first doct^ir I remember of coming to our house was Dr. Peter Mills- 
 paiigh, of Montgomery. He was then quite a young man, but it was very 
 seldom that any one called a doctor. People did not seem to be sick as 
 much as now. Mothers would cure their children with herbs from the 
 garden, or something from the forest near the door. 
 
 I was in the war of lSl-2 ; «as a member of the artillery under Capt. 
 MuUiner, of Little Britain. I was second sergeant. We were called out 
 on ttie 18th of August, 18l:i; went to Brooklyn Heights. The army laid 
 there, with a company from Albany. The Wallkill Regiment went in 
 about two weeks to Staten Island. The drafted men went with us, and 
 then went to Harlem Heights. I was in poor health, and then lyingon the 
 ground and other hardships increased my sickm-ss. I was there three 
 weeks, scarcely fit for duty a single day. One of my neighbors coming 
 to see his son, and finding me so miserable, said he would not go home 
 without me. He soon found a substitute, an Irishman n'liiu-d Richard 
 Johnson. He was a large, robust man. I gave hiui twenty d- llju-s in 
 cash, my uniform (worth about fifty dollaraJ,and my pay during tb<- time 
 I was on duty. He went in his own name. I came home to my hiniily 
 fully satisfied with my war life. 
 
 I always preferred a qiiiet life, but many worthy events have escaped 
 my memory. I am past eighty -eight years old, and my days are nearly 
 
 spent. Jo.VATH.\N WiLKISON. 
 
 Circleville, 1872. 
 
 MANUMISSION OF SLAVES. 
 Under the act of March 29, 1799, for the gradual 
 abolition of slavery, various citizens recorded their 
 acts of freeing the negroes held by them. 
 The first entry is the following : 
 
 **I do hereby certify that I have manumitted and set free my negro 
 slave Otis as fully and amply as I am authorized by an act of the Leg- 
 islature entitled * An act for the gradual abolition of slavery,' passed the 
 29th of March, 1799. 
 
 " Given under my hand and seal this first day of November, 1800. 
 
 '*Tabetha Borland." 
 
 Other similar acts of manumission appear by Jona- 
 than Smith, 1801 ; Stephen Smith, November, 1806 ; 
 Henry B. Wisner, John Wilkin, William Phillips, 
 and Israel Wickham. 
 
 TAVERNS, Etc. 
 
 The licensed inn-keepers of 1824 were Ambrose 
 Fairchild, Andrew Henderson, Sylvanus Jessup, 
 
 Thomas Mills, Isaac B. Everett, John G. Houston, 
 Charles Everson, Lebbeus L. Vail, An.salem W. 
 Hulse, Hiram Seward, Benjamin Woodward. Benja- 
 min France (between Bloomingburgh and Bullville; 
 Leartus Weller lias the same place now), John Tears 
 (where Mr. McWilliams now lives, between Circle- 
 ville and Scotchtown), Henry Dunning, and Vinson 
 Clark (between Bloomingburgh and Middletown, 
 where T. W. Horton now lives). 
 
 " The Temperance Question " was agitated in Wall- 
 kill fifty years ago, as appears by the following reso- 
 lution in the town-books : 
 
 " yvlitreas. Pauperism has increased in the town of Wallkill to an 
 alarming extent; aitd it'/iereas intempenince is one of the greatest pro- 
 curing causes, inasmuch as more than three-fourths of the paupers ema- 
 nate directly or indirectly from that source ; au<l ivliereag tippling-houses, 
 dram-shops, and groceries have a direct tendency to increase the evils; 
 therefore, 
 
 " Reeolced (as the sense of this town meeting), That the Hoard of Ex- 
 cise be requested to refuse granting license to those persons whose princi- 
 pal object is to retail intoxicating liquors and not having suitable accom- 
 modations for public entertainment. 
 
 " Resolved, That the foregoing be entered on the records of said town 
 and published in the two papers printed in Goshen. 
 
 " Dated Wallkill, this 1st of April, 1828." 
 
 ASSESSMENT ROLL— 1803. 
 
 In addition to the outline of early settlements thus 
 far given, we are able to show the entire list of prop- 
 erty-holders in the town about the beginning of this 
 century by means of the following papers preserved 
 in the ofiice of the town clerk : 
 
 Amensmeid-roll of the real and personal estate taxable in the totvn of Wall' 
 kill and connly of Orange, made the 8th day of April, 1803, by 
 
 Benjamin Webb, 
 John White, 
 Adam Millspaugh. 
 
 Real Personal 
 Estate. Property. 
 
 David n. Arnold $500 
 
 Enos Ayres 2o0.50 
 
 Tartules Ackels _... 287.60 
 
 John Ackles 421.2.5 
 
 William Ackles 4.')0 
 
 David Ayres 300 $27 
 
 Eusebius Austin 1000 
 
 .Selah Arnot 265 .5 
 
 -Ihomas BruDson 1900 244 
 
 Samuel Bmnsou 2440 197 
 
 ^\Villiam Bodle, Jr 4"0 
 
 -. Patrick Bodle 700 43 
 
 Archibald Brown IIOO 
 
 Neal Brown 47.50 20 
 
 William T. Bush 100 3S 
 
 Justis Baker 120 46 
 
 Frances Burns 512.50 70 
 
 James Boak 200 48 
 
 John Baley '200 135 
 
 Cornelius Brink 200 16 
 
 Isaac Baley 200 68 
 
 Joseph Baley 300 58 
 
 Samuel Bull 250 
 
 John Brown 36 
 
 Duncan Brown 600 26 
 
 Gilbert Brown 730 177 
 
 James Brown 650 141 
 
 Crisse Bull (non-resident) 370 
 
 William Bodle 2160 550 
 
 Cadwallader Bull 2325 350 
 
 Sarah Bull 40 
 
 Sarah Booth 1732.50 320 
 
 Samuel Butler 80 
 
 James Butler. 1297 
 
 Moses Bull, Jr 362 
 
 Thomas Borland 1450 631 
 
 John Barker 163 
 
 Widow Mar}- Brown 2100 380 
 
 Charity Brown 100 
 
 Mary Brown 266 
 
 Christian Brown 286 
 
 Total. 
 
 S500 
 
 250.50 
 
 287.50 
 
 421.25 
 
 450 
 
 327 
 1000 
 
 265.50 
 2144 
 26.37 
 
 400 
 
 743 
 1100 
 67.50 
 
 138 
 
 166 
 
 582.50 
 
 248 
 
 335 
 
 216 
 
 268 
 
 358 
 
 250 
 36 
 
 626 
 
 907 
 
 791 
 
 370 
 
 2700 
 
 2625 
 
 40 
 
 2052.60 
 
 80 
 1297 
 
 362 
 1981 
 
 153 
 2480 
 
 100 
 
 266 
 
 286 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 439 
 
 Real Personal 
 Estate. Property. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Thomas Booth *18»0 
 
 Mosc-s Bull lOOU 
 
 William Bull a660 
 
 James Bull 1900 
 
 Charles Borland 1348 
 
 Tabitlia Borland 
 
 Jane Butterfield 863 
 
 Daniel Bailev 2p75 
 
 Charles Bull Ziil 
 
 Jesse Booth 190n 
 
 Gilhert Bruniiage 582 
 
 Ebenezer Bull 
 
 Daniel Brown 
 
 Tertnllns Brewster KK1.60 
 
 Rlioda Beaks 270 
 
 Stai-a Beaks 56G 
 
 Joseph Beaks aW 
 
 John S. Brown GO 
 
 Samuel Boyd 300 
 
 William Baird 75 
 
 Walter Baird 
 
 Silas Brown 700 
 
 John Bell 473 
 
 William Bell 
 
 Samuel Bennett 1679 
 
 Joseph (Conner 500 
 
 Alexander Corey 350 
 
 William Conner 60 
 
 John Coddington 150 
 
 Benjamin Credit 900 
 
 Edward Campbell 300 
 
 Thomas Caldwell SOO 
 
 Mary Craig 250 
 
 Josiah Crane 500 
 
 Stephen Crane 50 
 
 Abraham Ci-ane 60 
 
 Benjamin Crane 150 
 
 Eli Corwin 136B.75 
 
 Vincent Clark 500 
 
 William Cox 575 
 
 Samuel Calleuder 60 
 
 Joseph Caae 300 
 
 Thomas T. CoUard 300 
 
 Thomas M. Clark 910 
 
 David Crawford 1517 
 
 Stephen Crane 1460 
 
 William Connar .'il2.60 
 
 James Caldwell 956.25 
 
 Adam Crist 175 
 
 John Cox 1212.50 
 
 John Case 787.50 
 
 Wilmot Case 220 
 
 Joseph Corwin 2176 
 
 John Corwin (carpenter) 
 
 James Corwin 200 
 
 Keeve Cox 250.25 
 
 Joseph Connar 400 
 
 Daniel Corwin 1614 
 
 John Carmichael 200 
 
 W^illiam Carpenter 1420 
 
 Bnos Case 260 
 
 Annanias Coukling 500 
 
 James Clark, Jr 318.75 
 
 James Clark 135 
 
 Elihu Clark 1000 
 
 Samuel Coleman 725 
 
 Zipron Cobb 475 
 
 Zipron Cobb, Jr 200 
 
 Absalom Carey 300 
 
 William Coleman 376 
 
 Stidman Chatman 
 
 Abner Corwin 50 
 
 Joshua Corwin 273 
 
 John Corwin 212.50 
 
 Joshua Coleman 300 
 
 John Coleman 
 
 Jonathan Coleman 350 
 
 Israel Coleman 137.50 
 
 David Coleman 250 
 
 William Campbell 200 
 
 James Campbell 100 
 
 Samuel Conkling 600 
 
 Eli Corwin (2d) 1497 
 
 Jesse Carpenter 600 
 
 John Davis 200 
 
 James W. Deray 1435 
 
 Matthew Davis 3.59.75 
 
 Francis Drake 154..')0 
 
 Jeremiah Drake G37.50 
 
 Jonathan Dunning 400 
 
 William Douglass :i50.25 
 
 George Deunington 450 
 
 Terry G. Denman 100 
 
 Daniel Denton 255 
 
 Samuel Dunning 700 
 
 Isaac Denman 1000 
 
 Jacob Dunning 800 
 
 Cliarles Dunning 700 
 
 John Dunning 1153 
 
 Benjamin Dunning 500 
 
 8288 
 
 82178 
 
 580 
 
 1580 
 
 1078 
 
 3728 
 
 400 
 
 2300 
 
 100 
 
 1448 
 
 146 
 
 146 
 
 240 
 
 1103 
 
 592 
 
 2667 
 
 356 
 
 2703 
 
 600 
 
 2'500 
 
 
 582 
 
 63 
 
 63 
 
 26 
 
 2fi 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 301 
 
 29 
 
 595 
 
 48 
 
 298 
 
 
 60 
 
 53 
 
 353 
 
 as 
 
 113 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 
 700 
 
 131 
 
 604 
 
 38 
 
 38 
 
 199 
 
 1S78 
 
 207 
 
 707 
 
 
 350 
 
 
 60 
 
 71 
 
 221 
 
 247 
 
 1147 
 
 73 
 
 373 
 
 91 
 
 891 
 
 44 
 
 294 
 
 67 
 
 667 
 
 41 
 
 91 
 
 72 
 
 132 
 
 69 
 
 219 
 
 100 
 
 1466.75 
 
 95 
 
 595 
 
 136 
 
 711 
 
 16 
 
 76 
 
 50 
 
 360 
 
 
 300 
 
 223 
 
 1133 
 
 177 
 
 1694 
 
 478 
 
 1928 
 
 80 
 
 592.50 
 
 85 
 
 1041.25 
 
 80 
 
 255 
 
 283 
 
 1495.50 
 
 119 
 
 906.50 
 
 
 220 
 
 183 
 
 2359 
 
 32 
 
 32 
 
 
 200 
 
 
 260.25 
 
 
 400 
 
 
 1614 
 
 101 
 
 301 
 
 50 
 
 1470 
 
 50 
 
 310 
 
 98 
 
 598 
 
 46 
 
 364.75 
 
 47 
 
 182 
 
 74 
 
 1074 
 
 
 725 
 
 126 
 
 601 
 
 
 200 
 
 11 
 
 311 
 
 
 376 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 60 
 
 110 
 
 100 
 
 373 
 
 50 
 
 262.60 
 
 100 
 
 400 
 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 86 
 
 436 
 
 76 
 
 213.60 
 
 113 
 
 363 
 
 
 200 
 
 
 100 
 
 51 
 
 651 
 
 750 
 
 2247 
 
 
 660 
 
 
 200 
 
 
 1436 
 
 100 
 
 469.76 
 
 60 
 
 194.60 
 
 ) 
 
 637.60 
 
 
 400 
 
 > 27 
 
 377.25 
 
 116 
 
 666 
 
 28 
 
 128 
 
 99 
 
 364 
 
 73 
 
 773 
 
 400 
 
 1400 
 
 
 800 
 
 30 
 
 730 
 
 145 
 
 1298 
 
 92 
 
 692 
 
 Real Personal 
 Estate. Property. 
 
 David Decker ' 
 
 Jonathan Day $77.50 
 
 William Davis 600 
 
 Chiistopher Denn - 250 
 
 Walter Everett 400 
 
 John Everett 200 
 
 Jesse Everett 
 
 John Everett, Jr 250 
 
 Ephraim Everett 1360 
 
 Thomas Everson 1230 
 
 Joseph Ellis 107 
 
 Ephraim Everett, Jr 400 
 
 Jesse Edsnl 974 
 
 Andrew Embler 1060 
 
 Thomas Eager, Jr 
 
 Margaret Eustis lOOO 
 
 Thomas Eager (non-resident) 70 
 
 John Fanlkner 1032.60 
 
 John Finch 6.56.60 
 
 William Faulkner 2256.25 
 
 Samuel Faulkner 2012 
 
 Jeremiah Fitzgel-ald 328.25 
 
 Margaret Finch 87.50 
 
 James Faulkner (non-resident) 200 
 
 Daniel Finch 300 
 
 Samuel Grage 162.,50 
 
 John Graham 350 
 
 Richard Gale 400 
 
 Ichabod Genung 253.75 
 
 Caleb Goldsmith 1112-60 
 
 Ebenezer Green 412.50 
 
 youngs Green 
 
 Joseph Gilson 
 
 Daniel Green 430 
 
 John Greenlief. 20(1 
 
 Daniel Greenlief. 300 
 
 David Gardner 63 
 
 Phebe Gale 380 
 
 William Hurtiu. 800 
 
 William Hunter 60 
 
 George Houston 1466 
 
 Oliver Hawkins 300 
 
 Andrew Hathorn 162 
 
 Stephen Hathaway 100 
 
 Tilton E. Hill 400 
 
 Silas Horton, Jr 150 
 
 Silas Horton 1037.75 
 
 Edward Howell 400 
 
 Peter Hovt 662.50 
 
 William Hollet 
 
 John Harlow 912.50 
 
 Jonas Hulse 900 
 
 James Howell 375 
 
 Silas Hovt 60 
 
 Ezra Hill 450 
 
 John Hill I non-resident) 200 
 
 Obadiah ilowell 175 
 
 Joseph Horton, Jr 107.50 
 
 Joseph Horton 285 
 
 John Houston 810 
 
 Thomas Houston 1240 
 
 Thomas Hulse 650 
 
 James Horton 900 
 
 Thomas Helmer 460 
 
 Ebenezer Holly 125.60 
 
 John Hoffman 7.i 
 
 James Mulse 
 
 Benjamin Hulse (uon-reisdeut) 230 
 
 Stephen Harlow 927 
 
 Robert Hall 4.50.50 
 
 Daniel Hasbrook 3662..50 
 
 John Hudson 202 60 
 
 Samuel Hulse 700 
 
 Benjamin Harlow 1192 
 
 John S. Jiukes 80 
 
 Peter Johnston 200 
 
 John Jardon 1500 
 
 John Knapp 962 
 
 Jacob Kniver 
 
 Matthew Keen 
 
 John Kerr (non-resident) 300 
 
 Joseph Knapp 250 
 
 Jonathan King 
 
 William Kerby 75 
 
 John Kerby 60 
 
 Joseph Ketcham 400 
 
 Thomas Knight 100 
 
 Ichabod Lewis 2717 
 
 He«l-y Lindernian 120O 
 
 John Linderman 
 
 John Little 
 
 Nathaniel Lewis 75 
 
 John Lamb 100 
 
 David More. Jr 610 
 
 Alexander Murray 787 
 
 William Murray 660 
 
 George McNish 600 
 
 David 3Iurray 
 
 Frances Mandeville 600 
 
 David IMoore 1375 
 
 8101 
 
 $101 
 
 9 
 
 86..60 
 
 10 
 
 610 
 
 67 
 
 307 
 
 113 
 
 5ia 
 
 
 20O 
 
 450 
 
 460 
 
 
 250 
 
 205 
 
 1565 
 
 194 
 
 1424 
 
 
 107 
 
 68 
 
 468 
 
 145 
 
 1119 
 
 160 
 
 1200 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 120 
 
 1120 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 1032.50 
 
 
 656.50 
 
 378 
 
 2634.25 
 
 231 
 
 2243 
 
 70 
 
 398.25 
 
 28 
 
 116.50 
 
 
 200 
 
 90 
 
 300 
 
 39 
 
 201.50 
 
 96 
 
 446 
 
 
 400 
 
 64 
 
 317.75 
 
 189 
 
 1301.50 
 
 41 
 
 453.50 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 430 
 
 78 
 
 278 
 
 93 
 
 393 
 
 32 
 
 95 
 
 57 
 
 437 
 
 
 800 
 
 
 60 
 
 346 
 
 1811 
 
 234 
 
 534 
 
 112 
 
 274 
 
 12 
 
 112 
 
 80 
 
 480 
 
 63 
 
 213 
 
 187 
 
 1224.75 
 
 75 
 
 475 
 
 120 
 
 782.50 
 
 48 
 
 48 
 
 209 
 
 1121.50 
 
 130 
 
 1030 
 
 
 375 
 
 
 60 
 
 45 
 
 495 
 
 
 200 
 
 
 175 
 
 
 107.50 
 
 95 
 
 380 
 
 165 
 
 976 
 
 209 
 
 1449 
 
 76 
 
 626 
 
 
 900 
 
 
 450 
 
 60 
 
 175.50 
 
 21 
 
 96 
 
 600 
 
 600 
 
 
 230 
 
 122 
 
 1049 
 
 131 
 
 681.50 
 
 2007 
 
 5669.50 
 
 60 
 
 262.50 
 
 188 
 
 888 
 
 
 1192 
 
 69 
 
 139 
 
 74 
 
 274 
 
 151 
 
 1661 
 
 166 
 
 1138 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 
 300 
 
 82 
 
 332 ■ 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 54 
 
 129 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 400 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 2017 
 
 
 1200 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 6S 
 
 68 
 
 
 75 
 
 
 100 
 
 30 
 
 640 
 
 
 787 
 
 90 
 
 660 
 
 70 
 
 570 
 
 160 
 
 160 
 
 40 
 
 640 
 
 147 
 
 1522 
 
440 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Walter Moore 
 
 Ebenezer Mills $:!95 
 
 £noe Mapes. tJUO 
 
 Samuel Mapes 600 
 
 Selali Mapes 585' 
 
 Andrew C. McNish ;i02.50 
 
 Jolin McQuoid G16 
 
 James Miirrav 
 
 Jacob Mills, Jr 125 
 
 William Moore, Jr 625 
 
 Wilniut W. Moore 650 
 
 George Mapes 175 
 
 Samuel Mape8,Jr 525 
 
 John McQuoid, Jr 450 
 
 William Miller , 275 
 
 Daviii Moore (Scotctitowu) 450 
 
 Jacob Mills 2610 
 
 James Morrison 1500 
 
 John McWilliams 250 
 
 James McWhorter & Co 300 
 
 Peter McLaughlin 800 
 
 Levi Miller 93 
 
 William Morrison 300 
 
 Dunkin McEwen 700 
 
 Thomas Monnal 207.50 
 
 William Moore 1200 
 
 George Miller 450 
 
 Jonathan Mills 1300 
 
 James McGowen 
 
 John McMillen 87.50 
 
 William E. McNeal 240 
 
 Peter Mettar 180 
 
 William McLaughrey 400 
 
 Thomas McLaughrey 223 
 
 John McLaughrey 221.50 
 
 Robert McLaughrey 100 
 
 Neat McLaughlin 150 
 
 Peter Mclnnis 275 
 
 Daniel W. Moore 350 
 
 Daniel Moore 300 
 
 John McVey 150 
 
 John McArthur 600 
 
 John McNeal 600 
 
 David Miller.- _ 2807.50 
 
 Adam Millspaugh 1428 
 
 John Mc.nnel 1850 
 
 James S. Miller 1021 
 
 Gawn Mackinisou 1689 
 
 John McCord 
 
 Andrew MoCJord 1192.50 
 
 William Monnagal 60 
 
 Daniel McClure 812.50 
 
 John McGowen 100 
 
 Samuel McCord 820 
 
 Ale.\ander Martin GO 
 
 Samuel Monnel 
 
 Alexander McVey 1000 
 
 James J. McCord 40 
 
 Thomas McNeal 200 
 
 Archibald McBride (non-resident) 400 
 
 John Nicolls 400 
 
 David Newkirk 440 
 
 Robert Osburn, Jr 200 
 
 Thomas Oliver 1456 
 
 Jesse Owen 100 
 
 Samuel Owen 900 
 
 Benjamin Owen 
 
 William Owen (tanner) 350 
 
 Jesse Owen, Jr 
 
 Jonathan Owen 22(ai 
 
 Ezekiel Osburn 80 
 
 Samuel Parson 160 
 
 Daniel D. Penny 450 
 
 James Penny 391.50 
 
 Josiah Pieraon 2000 
 
 Peleg Peltori 700 
 
 Isaac Peterson 100 
 
 Henry Patterson 600 
 
 Peter Po£f(2d) 400 
 
 Hannah Poft 700 
 
 Isaac Purdv 20 
 
 Moses Philiips & Co 6000 
 
 Gabriel N. Phillips 3600 
 
 Lewis Quick 500 
 
 Ezekiel Roe 270 
 
 David Reynolds 200 
 
 Claudes Revnolds „ 700 
 
 Felix Randall 450 
 
 Benjamin Rogers 200 
 
 Abel Rockwell 200 
 
 Matthias Kobers 127.25 
 
 Jabe Rollers 468.77 
 
 Daniel Reeve 300 
 
 Elisha Reeve 700 
 
 David Reeve 350 
 
 Tunis Ransom 150 
 
 Ram Ransom (non-resident) 2147.50 
 
 Daniel O. Rogers 2482 
 
 Moses Reed 430 
 
 Robert Rogers 114 
 
 Real Personal 
 
 Estate. Property. 
 S53 
 
 263 
 118 
 42 
 
 143 
 54 
 145 
 
 '33 
 183 
 2600 
 300 
 44 
 500 
 148 
 30 
 73 
 
 38 
 
 284 
 
 71 
 
 118 
 
 17 
 
 38 
 
 80 
 
 76 
 
 101 
 
 51 
 
 85 
 
 16 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 20 
 112 
 
 533 
 446 
 
 70 
 100 
 360 
 122 
 130 
 
 40 
 
 '36 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 123 
 
 46 
 49 
 48 
 
 100 
 46 
 
 125 
 48 
 
 66 
 
 147 
 
 74 
 
 70 
 
 12 
 
 1316 
 
 2304 
 
 61 
 218 
 30 
 63 
 16 
 36 
 166 
 82 
 
 Total. 
 
 $53 
 
 .395 
 1(J63 
 
 718 
 
 627 
 
 302.50 
 
 616 
 
 420 
 
 125 
 
 625 
 
 793 
 
 229 
 
 670 
 
 4.50 
 
 308 
 
 633 
 52.30 
 1800 
 
 294 
 
 80O 
 
 948 
 
 123 
 
 373 
 
 700 
 
 245.50 
 1484 
 
 521 
 
 1418 
 
 17 
 
 125.50 
 
 320 
 
 256 
 
 501 
 
 274 
 
 300.50 
 
 116 
 
 174 
 
 301 
 
 350 
 
 300 
 
 170 
 
 712 
 
 600 
 3340.50 
 1874 
 1920 
 1721 
 2039 
 
 122 
 1322.50 
 
 100 
 812.50 
 
 136 
 
 840 
 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 1123 
 
 40 
 
 200 
 
 400 
 
 446 
 
 489 
 
 248 
 1556 
 
 146 
 
 1025 
 
 48 
 
 360 
 
 66 
 
 aj47 
 
 80 
 
 160 
 
 450 
 
 391.50 
 2000 
 
 860 
 
 100 
 
 600 
 
 474 
 
 770 
 
 32 
 
 7316 
 
 6804 
 
 500 
 
 270 
 
 261 
 
 918 
 
 4S0 
 
 263 
 
 216 
 
 163.25 
 
 634.77 
 
 382 
 
 700 
 
 454 
 
 150 
 2147.50 
 2892 
 
 430 
 
 115 
 
 Real Personal 
 Estate. Property. 
 
 John Slawter §22 
 
 Enos Smith 4t}0 
 
 Luther Smith 
 
 John Seals 600-25 
 
 James Sloan 37 
 
 Johu Stitt 1000 
 
 Benjamin Simons 800 
 
 John Snnth 668.75 
 
 Charles Smith 507 
 
 Daniel Stringham 1400 
 
 William Stringham 100 
 
 .\Iexander Smith _ 300 
 
 Klihu Slawsou 360 
 
 Nathaniel Sterge 60 
 
 William Stubbs, Jr 350 
 
 Stephen Sayres 1200 
 
 Nathan Slawson 262.50 
 
 James Stringham 750 
 
 . Isaac Slaughter 1862.50 
 
 Moses Savage 840 
 
 Sarah Savage 360 
 
 Henry Savage 370 
 
 Daniel Seward 900 
 
 Daniel Smith 717 
 
 Elijah Seely 1087 
 
 John Savage 704 
 
 Archibald Strain 1270 
 
 Stephen Smith 1000 
 
 Henry Smith 987-50 
 
 Jonathan Smith 1131.25 
 
 John Smith 150 
 
 Timothy Scidmore 1064 
 
 Coe Smith 
 
 Edward Smith 
 
 Bezallel Seeley 1800 
 
 Jeremiah Smith 250 
 
 James Smith 
 
 William Shaw 2392.50 
 
 John Sliaw 500 
 
 William Stubbs 337 
 
 Nathaniel Smith 287 
 
 David Seelev 
 
 David Slid..". 250 
 
 Benjamin Stid 
 
 James Savage 175 
 
 Benjamin Smith 265 
 
 Elisha Smith 150.75 
 
 Robert Sburter 400 
 
 Christian Scliultz (non-resident) 130 
 
 Ezekiel Travis 250 
 
 Jesse Tidd 
 
 Jane Tuthill 1505 
 
 John Taylor 2367 
 
 Daniel fnthill 1200 
 
 Hezekiah Taylor . 
 
 James Titus 100 
 
 Sarah Tuthill 
 
 Frederick Traver 412..50 
 
 Thomas Turner 522.50 
 
 John Tears 500 
 
 John Tuthill 1000 
 
 Robert Thompson 200 
 
 Eliud Tryou 263.75 
 
 Moses Utter 188 
 
 Michael Vail 98.75 
 
 Cornelius Van Gordon 100 
 
 Isaiah Vail 1975 
 
 George W. Vail 
 
 Isaiah Vail, Jr 750 
 
 Josiah Vail 200 
 
 David Van Yliet 50 
 
 David Vail 60 
 
 Alsop Vail 1050 
 
 John Vail 600 
 
 Obadiah Vail 807 
 
 Henry B. Wisner 400 
 
 Benjamin Wood 
 
 Fredei ick Weller 
 
 Joshua Whitman 400 
 
 Abraham Weller 400 
 
 Gilbert Woodward 
 
 Jonathan Wilkenson 77.50 
 
 John Weed 160 
 
 James Whitesides ■. 400 
 
 John Williams 200 
 
 Samuel White 
 
 John White 1390.50 
 
 Samuel Webl 650 
 
 Nathan Wells 
 
 Nathaniel Wells & Co 1691.26 
 
 Israel Wickham 1647.60 
 
 Mary Wickham 2077 
 
 Israel Wickham, Jr 650 
 
 Elijah Welch 600 
 
 Eleazer Welch 40 
 
 Isaac Witter 674 
 
 Eliphalet Warner 160 
 
 Samuel Wells 110 
 
 Salmon Wheat 900 
 
 Thomas White 226 
 
 
 S22 1 
 
 8183 
 
 683 j 
 
 16 
 
 16 1 
 
 62 
 
 662.25 
 
 8 
 
 46 1 
 
 72 
 
 1072 
 
 
 800 
 
 139 
 
 707.75 
 
 
 507 
 
 
 1400 
 
 26 
 
 126 1 
 
 74 
 
 374 i 
 
 
 350 « 
 
 
 60 
 
 50 
 
 400 
 
 245 
 
 1445 
 
 112 
 
 374.50 
 
 54 
 
 804 
 
 376 
 
 2238.50 
 
 
 840 
 
 66 
 
 416 
 
 
 370 
 
 
 900 
 
 
 717 
 
 70 
 
 1157 
 
 50 
 
 754 
 
 220 
 
 1490 
 
 132 
 
 1132 
 
 60 
 
 1047.50 
 
 260 
 
 1381.25 
 
 60 
 
 200 
 
 
 1064 
 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 50 
 
 60 
 
 
 1800 
 
 
 250 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 486 
 
 2878.50 
 
 
 500 
 
 
 337 
 
 
 287 
 
 116 
 
 116 
 
 83 
 
 333 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 76 
 
 250 
 
 31 
 
 286 
 
 
 150.75 
 
 
 400 
 
 
 130 
 
 
 260 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 275 
 
 1780 
 
 
 2367 
 
 122 
 
 1322 
 
 187 
 
 187 
 
 80 
 
 ISO 
 
 190 
 
 190 
 
 
 412.50 
 
 106 
 
 628.60 
 
 8 
 
 508 
 
 
 1000 
 
 
 200 
 
 
 263.75 
 
 15 
 
 2m 
 
 44 
 
 142.75 
 
 
 100 
 
 230 
 
 2206 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 
 760 
 
 
 200 
 
 11 
 
 61 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 1050 
 
 
 600 
 
 
 807 
 
 500 
 
 900 
 
 500 
 
 500 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 106 
 
 506 
 
 
 400 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 16 
 
 93.50 
 
 73 
 
 233 
 
 91 
 
 491 
 
 18 
 
 218 
 
 649 
 
 549 
 
 183 
 
 1589.50 
 
 
 650 
 
 61 
 
 61 
 
 
 1591.25 
 
 227 
 
 1874.60 
 
 
 2077 
 
 
 .^60 
 
 
 500 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 70 
 
 744 
 
 114 
 
 274 
 
 8 
 
 118 
 
 100 
 
 1000 
 
 90 
 
 315 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 441 
 
 Real Personal 
 Estate. Property. 
 
 Hezekiah Woodward 1000 
 
 Daniel Woodward GOO 
 
 Beujaniili Webb 953 
 
 Nathaniel Williams 
 
 James Watkins 1:^31.25 
 
 Abel B. Watkins 1802.50 
 
 An<lrew Wilson 10G2 
 
 William Wilkin 1085 
 
 William Wilson 1212 
 
 Robert Wilkin .-. 1445 
 
 John Wilkin 2868.75 
 
 James White 200 
 
 Robert Wilson 1925 
 
 Jason Wilkin 2612.50 
 
 Tlionias Watkins 1877.50 
 
 Aliel Watkins 800 
 
 Martha Watkins 
 
 Jacob Yonngblood 1023 
 
 Jehouas Yonng 330 
 
 James Ycmng 300 
 
 William Young 
 
 
 1000 
 
 
 600 
 
 161 
 
 1114 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 
 1331.26 
 
 2fir. 
 
 2068.60 
 
 309 
 
 1371 
 
 276 
 
 1061 
 
 300 
 
 1612 
 
 362 
 
 1797 
 
 
 2868.75 
 
 20 
 
 220 
 
 
 1926 
 
 600 
 
 3212 60 
 
 274 
 
 2161.50 
 
 
 800 
 
 76 
 
 70 
 
 77 
 
 1093 
 
 20 
 
 3.60 
 
 
 300 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 IV.-OEGANIZATION. 
 
 The precinct of Wallkill, of which the present town 
 is the legal .successor, was erected Dec. 17, 1743, by 
 an act of the Colonial Legislature. It then comprised 
 the territory now embraced in the three towns, Craw- 
 ford, Montgomery, Wallkill, and portions of Mount 
 Ho])e and Hamptonburgh. In 1772 the precinjct of 
 Hanover was erected, comprising the two present 
 towns of Crawford and Montgomery and a portion of 
 Hamptonburgh. Legally, Hauover was set off from 
 the old precinct, and the statute directed that the 
 rest of the territory should "remain" the precinct of 
 Wallkill. 
 
 The popular impression has been that Wallkill was 
 set ofl' from Montgomery. This has a very good basis 
 in the fact that the centre of population and the 
 place of public business were both at Montgomery 
 during the period 1743 to 1772, and that in every 
 respect except the legal technical form the Wallkill 
 of 1772 was a new organization. 
 
 Legally it was a continuance of the old, and was, 
 evidently, entitled to the books and records. The 
 Wallkill town officers of 1772, however, made no pre- 
 tensions to the books, but opened a new record, which 
 is fortunately preserved, and from which we are able 
 to make liberal extracts. 
 
 At the time Mr. Eager prepared his history of the 
 county the precinct records of Wallkill, from 1743 to 
 17(57, were doubtless already lost, as he commences 
 his quotations with the town-meeting of 1768. 
 
 He was, however, in error in regarding this as the 
 firet town-meeting of Montgomery (Hauover). It 
 was about the twenty-fifth town-meeting of Wallkill 
 precinct. The first town-meeting of Montgomery 
 was four years later. 
 
 FIRST TOWN-MEETING OF WALLKILL AFTER THE 
 DIVISION. 
 
 The first meeting after the division of the precinct, at the house of 
 Samuel Watkins, April the 7th. 1772. 
 
 Chosen : William Dunn, clerk and supervisor; Benjamin Hooth, James 
 Wilkius, Elijah Reeve, commissioners for regulating and laying out pul>- 
 lic highways; Stephen Harlow, William Wilkins, David Moore, com- 
 missioners for laying out the money raised by act of Assembly on the 
 highways; David Crawford, Moses Phillips, assessors; John McGarrah, 
 John Patterson, constables and collectors; Abel Wells, George Booth, 
 
 29 
 
 poor-masters ; Jonathan Smith, Esq., Isaiah Vail, John Ketchum, Ben- 
 jamin Vail, Jr., fence-viewers and damage appraisers. 
 
 Fences to be four and a half feet high, staked and ridered, five rails 
 high or otherwise, equivalent as the fence-viewers shall judge. 
 
 The following record of general districts, three in 
 number, and the fifteen road districts, with descrip- 
 tions and path-masters' nanresTare" of much value, as 
 showing early names bt^th of persons and places : 
 
 The precinct to be divided into three districts, viz. : the east side of the 
 Wallkili one ; the west side two, to be divided by the new northwest line. 
 
 Samuel Watkins. path-master for the east side of the Otterkill to the 
 middle of CampbelPs bridge. 
 
 John Monell, from the Widow McBride's corner to Thomas Simerirs, 
 and thence along the road to Campbell's bridge. 
 
 William Bodle, from Esq. Smith's to the Minisink road, and from the 
 school-house on the road to Hezekiah Gale's; from thence to John 
 McGarrah's, and thence to the school-house ; to work also on David Craw- 
 ford's road to the bridge one day. 
 
 John Hill, from Esq. Smith's road along the Minisink road to the mid- 
 dle of Connor's bridge ; also a piece of road leading from the Minisink 
 bridge to Orange County. 
 
 James Rogers, Jr., from the precinct line to the Widow McCord's north 
 gate. 
 
 Capt. William Faulkner, from his owtj house to Thomas Simeril's. 
 
 Henry Savage, from the Widow McCord's north gate to Arzuble 
 McCurdy's house. 
 
 Daniel Tears, from the precinct line to John McHenry's house. 
 
 Edward Campbell, from John McHenry's to Arzuble McCurdy's. 
 
 Peter McLaughlin, from the corner of Edward McNeal's lot to Phil- 
 lips' house. 
 
 Tilton Eastman, from Conner's bridge to the Pine Swamp, 
 
 Stacy Beakes, from Minisink road to Dunning's road that leads to the 
 Pine Swamp. 
 
 George Smith, from the middle of the white-oak bridge to the top of 
 the round hill beyond Corey's. 
 
 John Ketchum, from the top of the round hill to the west end of the 
 precinct. 
 
 Abraham Taylor and John Daily, Jr., from tlie white-oak bridge by 
 Elijah Reeve's to the precinct line. 
 
 Probably the following agreement has not continued 
 to be observed to the present time : 
 
 " Agreed that the town-meetings for the future be held as follows, viz. : 
 ne.\t year at the house of Bloses Phillips, and the year after at the house 
 of David Crawford, and to continue alternately." 
 
 The tax-payers of 1880 may compare the following 
 appropriations with those of the present time : 
 
 Raised this year : 
 
 £ ». A 
 
 For the poor 10 
 
 Highways 46 16 
 
 The following seems to be a memorandum made by 
 the collector : 
 
 Paid to Stephen Harlow by order of the Commissioners, dated Oct. 23, 
 1772, £;12 4«. ; to David Moore by order of the Commissioners £13 Is. Id. ; 
 still on hand £1 10s. 11((. Total, £46 16s. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Received of John Patterson 29 10 8}^ 
 
 " John McGarrah 14 4 10 
 
 Due yet by John 31cGarrah 3 5J^ 
 
 46 16 
 Paid to Mr. Joseph Ga^herie, County Treasurer, by John McGarrah, one 
 pound nineteen shillings and fivepencein full of the tax for the present 
 year, as per receipt, dated Feb. 13, 1773. 
 
 We herewith give the location of town officers and 
 others from 1772 to 1780 : William Denn lived near 
 the Wallkill, where Milton Harlow lives ; Benjamin 
 Booth, in Hamptonburgh ; James Wilkin, near La- 
 grange ; Elijah Reeve, his farm is now the western 
 part of Middletown ; Stephen Harlow lived one and 
 
442 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 a half miles from Michigan, where his son John now 
 lives; William Wilkin, Hamptonburgh, his grand- 
 son; Stephen Duseiibur\- Wilkin now owns the farm ; 
 David Moore's farm was near Middletown, where 
 Samuel Tryon now lives ; David Crawford, at Stony 
 Ford farm, now owned by Chas. Bachman ; Moses 
 Phillips, at Phillipsburgh ; John Patterson, near Wall- 
 kill River, where William AVhite lives ; Abel Wells 
 was a merchant in Middletown; George Booth lived 
 near Neelytown ; Isaiah Vail, on what was known as 
 Mouhagen farm; John Ketcham, at Mount Hope; 
 William Bodle (Squire), Hamptonburgh, where Wash- 
 ington Crist lives; Edward McNeal, nearScotchtown, 
 where Wellington Harlow lives; John Dunning, Me- 
 chanicstown, where his grandson, Horace Dunning, 
 now lives; Stephen Sayres, one and a half miles west 
 of Van Burenville, where John Ralston lives; Wil- 
 liam Stringham, near Bloomingburgh, where Thomp- 
 son Sherer lives; John Monell, Lagrange, kept first 
 post-office in Wallkill ; John Gillett, about two miles 
 from Howell's ; Wm. Shaw, near Howell's, where Os- 
 car H. Shaw lives ; Daniel Tears, between Scotchtown 
 and Circleville, where John H. McWilliams lives ; 
 Andrew McCord, near Stony Ford, where J. C. Wil- 
 bur lives; Capt. Wm. Faulkner, Stony Ford;* Philip 
 Ketcham, Mount Hope; Samuel Watkins, Hampton- 
 burgh, where Spencer K. Bull lives; Daniel Butter- 
 field, near Michigan, farm owned by the Carpenter 
 heirs; Samuel AViekbam, on the farm which is now 
 the eastern part of Middletown ; James McVey, 
 Hamptonburgh ; Johannes Crans, Keisertown, farm 
 owned by his descendants ; John McGowan, Hamp- 
 tonburgh, where Saml. Hill lives; James Morrison, 
 one mile from Circleville, where N.J.Mills lives; 
 Jonathan Owen, near Middletown, where Lewis Wis- 
 ner lives; Abraham Taylor, Mount Hope; Israel 
 Rogers, Jr., Hamptonburgh ; Patrick Bodle, Scotch- 
 town, where J. Denton Mills lives ; James Finch, at 
 Finchville. 
 
 The principal town officers from 1772 to 1880 have 
 been as follows : 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1772 WiUiam Denn. William l)enn. 
 
 1773 Capt. Moses PblUips. 
 
 1774 Daniel BuUerfleld. 
 
 1775 Henry Wisner, Jr. '* " 
 
 1776 
 
 1777 William Wilkins. " " 
 
 1778 William Wisner, Jr. *' " 
 
 1779 
 
 1780-81 Capt. Wm. Faulkner, Jr. 
 
 1782-83 Major Phillips. 
 
 1784-88 Samuel Watkins. Henry Wisner, Jr. 
 
 1789-93 " " Moses Pliillips. 
 
 1794-97 Capt. Andrew McCord. 
 
 1798 " " '• Gabriel N. Phillips. 
 
 1799-1803 " " " Henry B. Wisner. 
 
 1804 Henry B. Wisner, Isaiah Vail, Jr. 
 
 1805 Andrew McCord. Henry B. Wisner. 
 
 1806-7 Henry B. Wisner. John Smith. 
 
 1808-9 " " Isaac Schnltz. 
 
 1810-13 Adam Millspangh. Stacy Beakes. 
 
 1814-15 •• " Gabriel Wells. 
 
 1816 Benjamin Woodward. *' " 
 
 1817-20 Adam Millspaugh. Stacy Beakes. 
 
 1821 Jacob Dunning. '* " 
 
 1822 Adam Millspaugh. John W. Welle. 
 
 * It must be understood that Col. Wm. Faulknerand Capt. Wm. Faulk- 
 ner were two different men. 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1823 Stacy Beakes. John W. Wells. 
 
 1824-25 Heury B. Wisner. Samuel Denlon. 
 
 1826 " " Henry S. Beakes. 
 
 1827 Jamps Faulkner. " " 
 
 1828 .Tosiah Howell. " 
 
 1829 William Hurtin. 
 
 1830 Josiah Howell. 
 
 1831 Samuel White. " 
 
 1832-33 George Houstim. " " 
 
 18:i4 Ilt-nry S. Beakes. " " 
 
 1835-37 " " Lyman B. Miller. 
 
 1838-40 " " Harvey Everett. 
 
 1841 Tolin Brown, Jr. " ** 
 
 1842 Harvey Everett. Charles J. Stevenson. 
 
 1843-44 " " Hiram V.King. 
 
 1845^6 Isaac S. Youngs. " " 
 
 1847 George Houston. " " 
 
 1848-49 Abraham Vail, Jr. 
 
 1860 Lewis Vail. Gilbert 0. Hulse. 
 
 1851 " " Silas R. Martine. 
 
 18.i2-o3 William W. Reeve. M. Lewis Clark. 
 
 , 1854 " " Oliver P. Coleman. 
 
 1855 " " Peter Hood. 
 
 1856 Halstead Sweet. Richard Graham. 
 
 1857 '* '* Stejphen S. ConUling. 
 
 1858 *' '* James Benton Hulse. 
 
 1859-60 " " Daniel Corwin. 
 
 1861-63 " " Edwin B. Hauford. 
 
 1864-65 Wm. S.Webb. " 
 
 1866 " " Albert H. Corwin. 
 
 1867 Albert H. Russell. 
 
 1870 Wm. M, McQuoid. John L. Bonnell. 
 
 1872 Charles 11. Hintbn. Charles E. Noyes. 
 
 1868 Henry B. Ogden, Egbert S. Puff. 
 
 1869-71 Wm. M. McQuoid. Charles A. Wells. 
 
 1872 Charles H. Hinton. Charles E. Noyee. 
 
 1875 Isaac R. Clements. John F. Bradner. 
 
 1876-77 " " Samuel S. Decker. 
 
 1878 Alanson Slaughter. " " 
 
 1879 Wm. B. Kovce. A.C.Harding. 
 
 1880 " '• Benjamin V. Wolf. 
 
 i JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 1830, Samuel W. Brown ; 1831, Alexander Bell ; 1832, Henry Linder- 
 man ; 1833, Henry B. Wjsner ; 1834, .loseph Slaughter ; 1836, Alex- 
 ander Bell ; 1836, Henry Linderman ; 1837, William W. Reeve ; 1838, 
 
 i Joseph Slaughter, Moses Mapes ; 1839, William Carpenter ; 1840, 
 
 JosiahCrane; 1841, William W. Reeve; 1842, Joseph Slaughter; 1843, 
 William Carpenter, Benjamin Thompson : 1844, Benjamin Thomp- 
 son; 1846, William W'. Reeve; 1846, George" Houston ; 1847, William 
 Carpenter ; 1848, Levi N. Moore, Harvey Everett ; 1849, William 
 W, Reeve; 1850, George Houston; 1851, Samuel H. Corwin, John 
 Brown, Jr.; 1852, Theodore H. Updegrove; 1853, Lewis Little, An- 
 drew Pnfl ; 1864, George Houston ; 1855, Samuel H. Corwin ; 1856, 
 John Brown, Jr.; 1857, Henry A. Cox, John C. Wilbur; 18.58, George 
 Houston: 1859, Samuel H. Convin; 1860, John C. Wilbur, George S. 
 Cox ; 1861, Lewis Vail ; 1862, George Houston ; 186.'), Samuel H. Cor- 
 win : 1864, Morris W. Lee : 1866, John M. H. Little, Israel H. Wick- 
 
 i ham, Benjamin W. Corwin ; 1866, Morris W. Lee; 1867, Samuel H. 
 
 I Corwin ; 1868, Benjamin W. Corwin, Edwin S. Smith ; 1869, John M. 
 
 H. Little ; 1870, Harrison Bull, A. Van West Powelson ; 1871, Samuel 
 H. Corwin ; 1872, A. V. N. Powelson ; 1873, Wm. H. Stoddard; 1874, 
 Harnson Bull; 1876, Samuel H. Corwin; 1876, A. V. N. Powelson; 
 
 , 1877, Theodore A. Shaw, Nelson B. Mapes; 1878, Harrison Bull; 
 
 1879, Nelson B. Mapes; 1880, A. V. N. Powelson. 
 
 The consent of the town of Wallkill to sell railroad 
 stock was recorded in the office of the county clerk, 
 bearing date Dec. 16, 1879, and by the terms of the 
 instrument " the railroad commissioners of said town 
 were authorized, empowered, and directed, for the 
 benefit and use of said town, at such time or times, 
 and in such mode or manner, at public or private 
 sale, and at such price or prices as in their judgment 
 shall be best for the interest of said town, to sell and 
 dispose of the stock owned by the town in the New 
 York and Oswego Midland Railroad." 
 
 V.-VILLAGES. 
 
 MIDDLETOWN 
 
 is situated in the south part of Wallkill, and is said 
 
 to have received its name from the fact that the place 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 443 
 
 is midway between Montgomery and Mount Hopo. 
 Middletown is six miles west of Goslien, the county- 
 seat, and is pleasantly situated in an open, level, and 
 fertile section of countr)'. Its present extensive 
 manufactures, its valuable trade, its multiplied 
 churches, its superior institutions of learning, its 
 large population, are all mostly a modern develop- 
 ment. The construction of the Erie Railroad gave 
 to Middletown its first decided impulse, and led to its 
 rapid growth, to its stirring business activities, to its 
 diversified institutions of charity, religion, and educa- 
 tion. These results have not been wholly secured by 
 fortunate circumstances. The leading citizens were 
 men of far-seeing faith in the capabilities of the place, 
 but they were also men of industry and enterprise, 
 and knew that great results were not achieved by idly 
 waiting on even the most favorable condition of aflairs. 
 They planned largely, they invented wisely, they 
 looked to the future, but with steady industry they 
 also toiled to execute their plans, to make their in- 
 vestments profitable, and render Middletown what 
 they desired to have it. 
 
 Their success is written in the present populous, 
 cultured, and enterprising village; in the numerous 
 spacious churches, whose spires point upward from 
 amid the marts of trade and the thoroughfares of bus- 
 iness ; in the splendid system of schools, which chal- 
 lenges comparison with any in the State ; in these 
 long and beautiful streets lined with pleasant resi- 
 dences ; in the stores, banks, and manufactories, that 
 show everywhere .solidity, integrity, enterprise. 
 
 The following notice of one of the streets of Mid- 
 dletown recalls an era of speculation equal to any- 
 thing of modern times : 
 
 '* Mulberry Street tlerived its D&nie from the fact that yeai-s ago, before 
 the street was laid out, a large number of mulberry-trees were planted 
 in that neighlwrhood and the uultivation of silk-worms carried on to 
 some extent. Among the earliest worllers in that enterprise whs Mrs. 
 Christiana Cox, the mother of Mr. Henry A. Cox, who resided on that 
 street till she died, at an advanced age, December, 1880." 
 
 Middletown village is situated on the Erie Railroad, 
 sixty-seven miles from New York, and is the largest 
 village in the county, Newburgh, incorporated as a 
 city, alone exceeding it. Middletown is also central 
 in location, or equidistant from the Hudson and Del- 
 aware Rivers. The precise time when the first set- 
 tlement was made in the village is not determined, 
 though it was doubtless a few years preceding the 
 Revolutionary war. 
 
 John Green purchased about that time of DeLan- 
 cey, a patentee under the crown of Great Britain, a 
 tract of land, including that where the Congregational 
 church now stands and the southern part of the village 
 generally. It is a tradition that the name was agreed 
 upon when the people assembled to raise the meeting- 
 bouse. It was discussed something after this fashion : 
 " What shall it be ? There is Dolsentown on the south, 
 Goshen on the east, Scotchtown on the north, and a 
 place on the west called Shawangunk. We will call 
 it Middletown, it being in the centre." 
 
 That portion of the village lying northeast of Rob- 
 ert Street is in lot No. 35 of the Minisink Angle, which 
 lot was bought about 1755 or '56 by Samuel Wickham 
 and Daniel Moore. A settlement then commenced 
 was broken up by hostile Indians during the French 
 war, but was resumed a few years later and just be- 
 fore the Revolution. On the division of this lot, 
 David Moore took that portion lying northwest of 
 High Street and northeast of the line that divided 
 the farms owned in late years by P. H. Horton and 
 Thomas E. Hulse ; and Samuel Wickham the central 
 portion between the aforesaid lines, the whole of which 
 was divided among their children and settled by them 
 respectively. Samuel Wickham conveyed his portion 
 to his sons Samuel and Israel and his son-in-law, Na- 
 thaniel AVells. To Samuel he gave that portion nearest 
 the centre of the village, to Israel the farms owned in 
 late years by I. O. Beattie, Israel H. Wickham, and 
 others, and to Nathaniel Wells the farm owned in 
 modern times by P. H. Horton. 
 
 Samuel was the first settler, and lived where Mrs. 
 Shaw resided in later years. He soon lommenced 
 keeping a house for the accommodation of travelers; 
 the Minisink road being a favorite route for emi- 
 grants to the West, this early tavern was well patron- 
 ized. 
 
 As early as 1742, Mr. Clinton, a surveyor employed 
 in running out lot No. 35, mentions having crossed 
 the " Minisink road" in several places while engaged 
 in locating and subdividing the lot. The road is thus 
 shown to be of considerable antiquity. A point on 
 the road about a mile west of Middletown village was 
 known as the White Oak bridge, from the fact that a 
 bridge made of white oak poles was used for cro.ssing 
 the creek ; this bridge was in existence probably as 
 late as 1800. 
 
 The wastern portion of Middletown was included in 
 lot No. 36, in the Minisink Angle, owned by De 
 Lancy, and as he espou.sed the royal cause his land, 
 except what was sold to Mr. Green before the Revo- 
 lution, was confi.scated by the State of New York. 
 Three appraisers were appointed by the State to put 
 a value on the land, two of whom were Israel Wick- 
 ham and Henry Wisner. Mr. John N. Pronk, from 
 whose account in the gazettes of 1857 these facts are 
 derived, had learned from a witness to the appraisal 
 that there was an earnest debate on the subject of 
 valuation whether to call it six shillings or a dollar 
 an acre. Wickham insisting that it would never 
 be worth a dollar an acre, it was put down at six 
 shillings. The land confiscated takes in the west- 
 ern part of the village, and consisted of about 200 
 acres. 
 
 Other early settlers of Middletown were Capt. Jona- 
 than Owen, Abel WoodhuU, Daniel Wells and Na- 
 thaniel Wells, Joseph Baird, Wm. Baird, Henry B. 
 AVisner, Matthias Keene, Daniel Corwin, Isaiah Vail, 
 Dr. Hanford, Jesse Corwin, Elisha Corwin, Gabriel 
 Wells, John Wells, Moses H. Corwin, and Stacey 
 
444 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 11 
 
 Beakes, all of whom contributed more or less to its 
 prosperity. 
 
 The first store was kept by Abel Woodhiill. 
 
 Isaiah Vail also had an early store at Monhagen, 
 opposite the White Oak bridge mentioned above. 
 The following map, drawn by W. W. Reeve in 1876 
 from undoubted authorities, gives an excellent view 
 
 The first election was held April 20th. Under the 
 same date Henry S. Beakes, Israel H. Wickhani, and 
 William H. Reeve certify to the county judge that 
 they presided as inspectors of election at a meeting 
 held at the house of Joseph Monell on that day ; that 
 the proposition to incorporate the village of Middle- 
 town was adopted by a vote of one hundred and 
 
 DAVIP COllWIN DiK'Lconm 
 
 MAP or MIDDLETOWN. 
 
 of Middletown in 1792. It is taken from the Manual 
 of the First Congregational Church of Middletown. 
 
 It appears from a census taken in 1807 that the 
 village of Middletown then consisted of nine families : 
 those of Obadiah Vail, Matthias Keene, Ralph Keeler, 
 Jesse Corwin, Samuel Canfield, Robert Thompson, 
 William Owen, Nathaniel Penny, Susan Dunning, 
 and the population was forty-five. 
 
 It will be noticed that a greater number of names 
 than these appear on the above map of 1792. But 
 the census applied only to a small portion of the ter- 
 ritory embraced on the map. 
 
 Incoepoeation. — At a Court of Sessions held at 
 the court-house in Newburgh, Feb. 10, 1848, present 
 David W. Bate, county judge, Samuel W. Eager, 
 Frederick A. Hoyt, justices of sessions, Stacey Beakes, 
 John B. Hanford, Lewis Vail, Israel O. Beattie, and 
 E. M. Madden made application to have Middletown 
 incorporated. 
 
 The court appointed Henry S. Beakes, Israel H. 
 Wickham, and W. W. Reeve to call a meeting of citi- 
 zens to vote "no" or "yes." The election was held 
 at the house of Joseph Monell, March 25, 1848. 
 
 twenty-three in the affirmative and seventy-seven in 
 the negative. 
 
 The publication of the required number of notices 
 was verified by the affidavit of J. S. Brown. The 
 proceedings were approved by Judge D. W. Bate, and 
 recorded April 7, 1848. 
 
 The first officers other than trustees and clerk were 
 Nathan H. Corwin, Wm. M. Graham, and Edward M. 
 Madden, assessors ; Wm. M. Graham, treasurer ; Hi- 
 ram V. King, collector; and Courtland S. Hulse, 
 pound-master. 
 
 The first meeting of the trustees was held at 
 the shop of C. S. Hulse, on North Street. Stacey 
 Beakes was appointed president. Messrs. Beattie, 
 Hoyt, and Dusenberre were named as a committee to 
 ascertain the expense of procuring the incorporation, 
 the purchase of the necessary blank books, the prob- 
 able cost of an engine-house, and to select a proper 
 location for the same ; to confer with the owners of 
 Protection Fire Engine, No. 2, now in this village, as 
 to the terms on which said engine can be procured. 
 At a subsequent meeting the committee reported the 
 expenses of incorporation as follows : 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 445 
 
 Juhii C. Dimmick. Esq., professional services $2.00 
 
 Israel 0. Beattie, services 4,50 
 
 Wni. W. Reeve, Esq., surveyor 8.14 
 
 Isaac H. Wickharn, inspector of election 2.62J^ 
 
 John S. Brown, priutiug 12.<i5 
 
 $29.92 
 
 Other claims were added afterwards (see below). 
 
 The committee reported with reference to '* Protec- 
 tion Fire Engine Company, No. 2," that the owners of 
 the engine had been represented. before the board by 
 Henry P. Roberts and Henry S. Horton, who had 
 offered to sell at a " fair and reasonable price." In 
 the matter of an engine-house the committee reported 
 that Richard Van Horn, builder, had calculated the 
 expense at $350 ; that the Congregational Church had 
 expressed a willingness to lease the ground occupied 
 by the old engine-house for the erection of a new 
 house. 
 
 The trustees voted to submit to the electors resolu- 
 tions to raise 
 
 For stationery $15.00 
 
 Oil ami fuel 10.00 
 
 Keeping engine iu repair 15.00 
 
 $40.00 
 Expense of incorporation 45.00 
 
 Total $85.00 
 
 The following is a list of trustees from 1848 to the 
 present time : 
 
 1848.— Stacey Beakes, president; Coe Dill, Wm. Hoyt, I. O. Beattie, D. 
 
 C. Dusenberre ; J. D. Friend, clerk. 
 1849.— John Bailey, presiilent; I. 0. Beattie, H. S. Beakes, Coe Dill, H. 
 
 P. Roberts; J. N. Pronk, clerk. 
 1850.— Wm. Hoyt, president; H. P. Roberts, I. 0. Beattie, Hiram Kaiu, 
 
 Lewis Vail ; J, N. Pioiik. clerk. 
 1851.:-I. 0. Beattie, president; Thomas A. Harding, Gilbert Hulse, S. S. 
 
 Wickluini, .Tolin Bailey ; J. N. Pronk, clerk. 
 1852. — I. 0. Beattie, president; A. C.King, Ricbard Van Horn, John 
 
 Bailey, David W. Corvvin ; J. N. Pronk, clerk. 
 1853. — John Bailey, president; Richard Van Horn, John T. Ludliim, A. 
 
 C. King, S. S. Wickhaiu ; J. N. Pronk, clerk. 
 1854. — Richard Van Horn, president; Joseph Lemon, Robert H. Houston, 
 
 H. H. Hunt, Hloses H. Corwin ; S. R. Marline, clerk. 
 1855. — John Bailey, president; H. H. Hunt, Joseph Lemon, R. Van Horn, 
 
 H. R. Wilcox ; J. N. Pronk, clerk. 
 1856.— H. R. Wilcox, president; R. H. Houston, Lewis Vail, A. C. King, 
 
 George Blancbard; George Houston, clerk. 
 1857. — H. R, Wilcox, president; Joseph Lemon, Lewis Vnil, Richard 
 
 Van Horn, George Blanchard; J. N. Pronk, clerk. 
 1858.— H. R. Wilcox, president; Richard Van Horn, W. T. Ludlum, H. 
 
 H. Hunt, James Lyttle; Danl. Gorwiu, clerk. 
 1859.— J. N. Pronk, piesid.-nt; James Lyttle, H. H. Hunt, Richard Van 
 
 Horn, W, T. Ludlum ; H. A. Cox, clerk. 
 I860.— J. N. Pronk, president; Ricliard Van Horn, W. T. Ludlum, H. H. 
 
 Hunt, James Lyttle; Danl. Corwin, Clerk. 
 1861.— J. N. Pronk, president ; W. T. Ludlum, Richard Van Horn, John 
 
 Mackay, J. W. Hoyt; Danl. Corwin, clerk. 
 1862.— J. N. Pronk, president ; John Mackay, Levi Starr, Richard Van 
 
 Horn, J. B. Hulse ; Daniel Corwin, clerk. 
 1863. — J. N. Pronk, president : R. Van Horn, J. Mackay, Levi Starr, J. 
 
 B. Hnlse; Daniel Corwin, cterk. 
 1864. — J. N. Pronk, president: R. Van Horn, John Mackay, Levi Starr, 
 
 J. B. Hiilse ; Jirah I. Foote, clerk. 
 1865.— J. B. Hulse, president; R. Van Horn, W. T. Barker, M. H. Van 
 
 Keuren, Stephen Sweet ; Daniel Corwin,* clerk. 
 1866.— J. B. Hulse, president ; R. Van Horn, S. Sweet, M. H. Van Keuren, 
 
 W. T. Barker; Jirah I. Foote, clerk. 
 1867.-^. B. Huise, president; R. Van Horn, William Clemson, M. H. 
 
 Van Keuren, S. Sweet; Jirah I. Foote, clerk. 
 
 * Mr. Corwin declined, and Jirah I. Foote was appointed. 
 
 1868.— Stephen Sweet, president; E. P. Wheeler, W. H. Van Keuren, 
 Jacob Keene, Wm. Clemson ; Jirah I. Foote, clerk. 
 
 1869. — Daniel H. Bailey, president; George A. Swaim, Coe Robertson, J. 
 B. Toulon, 0. P. Reeve; Wm. B. Royce, clerk. 
 
 1870. — Daniel H. Bailey, president; George A. Swaim, Coe Robertson, J. 
 B. Toulon, 0. P. Reeve; W. B. Royce, clerk. 
 
 1871. — M. H. Van Keuren, president; G. A. Swaim, A. A. Bromley, 0. B. 
 Vail, G. J. King; G. H. Decker, clerk. 
 
 1872. — Halstead Sweet, president;! 1st Ward, L. Crawford, G. A. Swaim; 
 2d Ward. B. W. Shaw, D. B. Luckey; 3d Ward, T. K. Beyea, J. 
 Keene; 4th Ward, L. B. Babcock, G. J. King ; J. M. Price, clerk. 
 
 1873.— Halstead Sweet, president; 1st Ward, John A. Wallace, Hugh 
 DufFey ; 2d Ward, B. W. Shaw, J. A. Swezey ; 3d Ward, D. B. Cole, 
 J. Keene; 4th Ward, L. B. Babcock, J. J. Kirkpatrick : J. L. Bon- 
 nell, clerk. 
 
 1874. — Halstead Sweet, president; Ist Ward, J. A.Wallace, Hugh Duffey ; 
 2d Ward, J. A. Swezey, J. B. Swaim; 3d Ward, D. B. Cole, T. K. 
 Beyea; 4th Ward, J. J. Kirkpatrick, W. H. Shaw; J. L. Bonuell, 
 clerk. 
 
 1875. — Halstead Sweet, president; Ist Ward, Richard Decker, Wm. Clem- 
 son; 2d Ward, J. B. Swaim, Thomas King; 3d Ward, T. K. Beyea, 
 G. B. Fuller; 4th Ward, W. H. Shaw, D. D. Houston ; C. J. Boyd, 
 clerk. 
 
 1876. — James N. Pronk, president ; 1st Ward, Thomas C. Royce, M. Lewis 
 Clark ;'2d Ward, Samuel A. Sease, Charies R. Smith ; 3d Ward, John 
 M. Hanford, Granville B. Fuller; 4th Ward,D. Dill Houston, Archi- 
 bald L. Vail ; Charles J. Boyd, clerk. 
 
 1877.— James N. Pronk, president; Ist Ward, Alfred W. Sears, M. Lewis 
 Clark ; 2d Ward, Samuel A. Sease, Ira Dorrance ; 3d Ward, John M, 
 Hanford, Wm. H. Tator; 4tb Ward, Tlieodore W. Dailey, Archibald 
 L. Vail ; Charles J. Boyd, clerk. 
 
 1878.— Halstead Sweet, president; Ist Ward, Alfred W. Sears, Joseph 
 Holden; 2d Ward, Thomas R. Crans, C. Charles Lutes; 3d Ward, 
 Elisba R. Harding, Wm. H. Tator; 4th Ward, Theodore W. Dailey ,t 
 Isaac W. Daley ;J Charles J. Boyd. 
 
 We give the full organization for 1879 and for 1880 : 
 
 1879. — President, Halstead Sweet ; Trustees, 1st Ward, Joseph Holden, 
 Daniel Robinson ; 2d Ward, C. Charles Lutes, Thomas R. Crans ; 3d 
 Ward, Elisha R. Harding, John E. Iseman ; 4tli Ward, Isaac W. Daley, 
 Archibald L. Vail; Clerk, Charles J. Boyd; Treasurer, William L. 
 Graham ; Collector, Ricbard Van Horn ; Street Commissioner, Charles 
 J. Tliayer; Attorney, A. V. N. Powelson ; Police Justice, John F. 
 Bradner ; Assessors, Edwin Jessup, Herman B. Young, Hiland H. 
 Hunt ; Police, Clinton C. Veber, Elisha White, Samuel J. White, Wil- 
 liam H. Carpenter. Standing Committees of the Board of Trustees: 
 Ways and Means, Messrs. Vail, Lutes, and Iseman; Streets, Bridges, 
 and Crosswalks, Messrs. Harding, Robinson, and Daley; Public 
 Grounds and Buildings, Messrs. Holden, Harding, and Robinson; 
 Lamps, Lamp Posts, and Lighting, Messrs. Iseman, Lutes, and Vail; 
 Fire Department and Fire Supplies, Messrs. Crans, Harding, and 
 Daley; Police Department, Messrs. Daley, Crans. and Holden; all 
 other supplies, Messrs. Lutes, Holden, and Isemau ; Clerk's and 
 Treasurer's Accounts, Messrs. Robinson, Vail, and Lutes. 
 
 1880.— President, Daniel H. Bailey; Trustees, 1st Ward, Daniel Robin- 
 son, James E. Blatthews ; 2d Ward, Thonuis R. Crans, Abram V. 
 Boak; .M Ward, John E. Iseman, Alfred M. Bowler; 4tb Ward, 
 Archibald L. Vail, John D. Crawford; Clerk, Charles J. Boyd; 
 Treasurer, Daniel Corwin; Collector, John C.Owen; Street Commis- 
 sioner, Charles J. Thayer; Attorney, Henry W. Wiggins; Police 
 Justice, John F. Bradner; Assessors, Edwin Jessup, Herman B. 
 Young, Horton Vail ; Police, Clinton C. Veber, Elisha White, Samuel 
 J. White, Samuel H. Jones. Standing Committees of the Board of 
 Trustees: Ways an<l Means, Messrs. Robinson, Iseman, and Mat- 
 thews ; Streets, Bridges, and Crosswalks, Messrs. Iseman, Robinson, 
 and Crawford; Public Grounds and Buildings, Messre. Bowler, Rob- 
 inson, and Boak ; Lamps, Lamp Posts, and Lighting, Slessrs. Boak, 
 Crans, and Bowler; Fire Department and Fire Supplies, Messrs. 
 Crans, Vail, and Bi:)ak ; Police Department, Messrs. Crawford, Bow- 
 ler, aiul Matthews; all other supplies, Messrs. Vail, Iseman, and 
 Crans; Clerk's and Treasurer's Accounts, Messrs. Matthews, Vail, 
 and Crawford. 
 
 f President thereafter elected for two years by the people instead of 
 by the board, and two trustees from each of four wards. 
 
 I These two names should be spelled differently as they are here given. 
 
446 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 The Post-Office of Middletown was established 
 on the 22d of October, 1816. Stacey Beakes was ap- 
 pointed the first postmaster, and continued in office 
 until Feb. 1, 1826, when he was succeeded by his son, 
 Henry S. Beakes. 
 
 On June 23, 1829, the name of the office was changed 
 to South Middletown. Lewis Vail was appointed 
 postmaster Feb. 3, 1842, and Dec. 14, 1844, he was 
 succeeded by AVilliam Hoyt. March 24, 1849, Oliver 
 P. Coleman was appointed, and on Sept. 10, 1849, the 
 name of the office was again changed to Middle- 
 town. Dec. 21, 1853, Hiram V. King was appointed 
 to succeed Mr. Coleman. His successor was James 
 B. Hallock for about eighteen. years. The present 
 postmaster, Joseph L. Cleft, was appointed the 1st of 
 April, 1879. 
 
 The receipts of the first quarter in 1817, rendered by 
 Stacey Beakes, were 69 cents. In 1826 the receipts had 
 risen to $16.12 a quarter; in 1854, to $257.79. 
 
 Middletown Lyceum. — This association was or- 
 ganized at a meeting held at the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, Dec, 6, 1841. Rev. Daniel T. Wood was 
 chosen chairman, and James N. Pronk secretary. A 
 committee, consisting of James N. Pronk, Edward M. 
 Madden, Joseph D. Friend, and Robert Jackaway, 
 was appointed to prepare a constitution and by-laws. 
 The committee reported on the 13th, and the officers 
 elected were George Little, president; Morgan L. 
 Sproat, vice-president ; James N. Pronk, secretary ; 
 Isaac Bannister, treasurer; J. Manning Finch and 
 Nathaniel Conkling, associate executive committee. 
 The introductory lecture was delivered by Rev. D. T. 
 Wood, Dec. 20, 1841, succeeded that year by Rev. Dr. 
 McCartee, J. W. Gott, Prof. Wm. Bross, Moses Swezey, 
 Rev. J. McReynolds, Rev. James Arbuckle, and Rev. 
 Z. N. Lewis. Regular debates were also held during 
 the winter and the following spring. 
 
 Measures were taken in January, 1842, to establish 
 a library, and a collection of some 300 volumes was 
 then obtained ; but the Lyceum Hall being destroyed 
 by fire in the autumn of 1845, the books and records 
 were in part destroyed. 
 
 This hall was on Main Street, and was fittted up by 
 Dill & Houston. Another hall was fitted up on the 
 same street by Henry E. Horton, in which its meet- 
 ings were afterwards held. In 1851 Gothic Hall was 
 erected, and the meetings of the lyceum transferred 
 to that place. The first and third anniversaries of 
 the formation of the lyceum were celebrated by a col- 
 lation and appropriate literary exercises. At the first 
 Rev. James Arbuckle delivered the address, and at 
 the third James N, Pronk. 
 
 Its lecture courses, especially in the earlier years, 
 were of unusual interest and eminently successful. 
 The most noted platform orators in the country came 
 to Middletown at the call of the lyceum. 
 
 Fire Department. — John W. Hasbrouck's " Di- 
 rectory of Middletown," 1858, says of the Fire De- 
 partment : 
 
 "The village is provided with two fire engines,— one called Middle- 
 town, and the other Protection No. 2, and also a good supply of hooks 
 and ladders; also an engine-house located on Main Street, adjoining the 
 Congregational church. There have been several fire company organi- 
 zations, but none acting as such at present. The corporation authorities 
 hire a person to keep the engine and other fire apparatus in good work- 
 ing order. It is expected that measures will be taken for the purchase 
 of another fire engine during the present season. There are also eleven 
 public cisterns and wells located in different parts of the village, to be 
 used only in case of fire." 
 
 To this account of Middletown we have the plea- 
 sure of adding the following article, written by ^Miss 
 Sarah Wilkinson : 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF SAMUEL DENTON* MIDDLETOWN, N. Y. 
 
 I was born in Connecticut; came to Orange County for the first time 
 in 1817, but did not move liere until 1818. I spent four weeks at Ches- 
 ter, then I succeeded Abijah Middlebrooks at the "Outlet," now called 
 Denton. I occupied the store-house which T. B. Denton had removed, 
 and upon the same ground built the house now occupied by his son 
 Theodore J. Dentou. In the spring of 1820 I moved to Mechanictown, 
 and continued the same business for one year. Then Mechanictown 
 was quite a lively place, now it is like some place forsaken. April 1, 1821, 
 I moved to Middletown, and opened a store in a building which stood on 
 Main Street, where Albert Bull & Co. keep store. Then Middletown 
 consisted of three streets, Blaiu, North, and South. North Street was a 
 narrow street, mostly filled with lumber, which was Stacey Beakes' prin- 
 cipal article of traffic. Wliere Depot and King Streets are, and the build- 
 ings upon them, was a pond, which was a favorite place of resort for boys 
 to skate upon in winter. The edifice which stood on the Congregational 
 church ground was the only place of woi-ship. Rev. William Blain was 
 the minister who presideil at that time, but was not a settled pastor. The 
 school-house stood where the building familiarly known as the "Old 
 Bank" stands, now owned by J. Davis' heii-a. Two brothers, Gabriel and 
 John Wells, kept store where J. T. King's drug-sture is now, but during 
 this year they dissolved, and Gabriel went tu New Windsor. Stacey 
 Beakes kept another store on the corner, now known as Denton's corner. 
 Dr. David Haudford (father of John B. Handford) was tlie only physician 
 for this place and vicinity, lie lived in the house which stood on the 
 same site where my house now stands. I bought of him and removed 
 the old building. Then the land, now lying in the very centre of 
 Middletown, could be bought for SoO per acre, and that thought to be 
 a good price. John B. Cox (father of H. Cox, Mrs, Edwin Jessup, and 
 Mrs. J. T. King) was a harness-maker, and lived on South Street where 
 Mrs. J. M. Matthews now lives. There is not a person living in Middle- 
 town DOW who lived here when I came here, except two or three who 
 were mere infants. 
 
 The first hotel was kept by Smith, which Seth llolden owned, 
 
 now Kearney's ; there Is scarcely a building now used for a hotel in Mid- 
 dletown that was built for that purpose. In 1822 I purchased the cor- 
 ner (now known as Denton's corner) of Stacey Beakes and I. Prall,of New 
 York. I continued tlie mercantile business up to 1856, and think I kept 
 store more years than any man ever has in Middletown. B. W. Shaw is 
 ' next. Not a place of business is occupied by a descendant of the old 
 j firms. In my early days of store-keeping the inconvenience of getting the 
 goods from New York can better be imagined than described. I usually 
 I spent a week in making my purchases. Merchants did not go so often 
 j as now, so they were obliged to buy goods enough to last about half a 
 I year; going to New York twice a year was about all tliey could do. I 
 I had to go by Newburgh. I would leave home very early Slonday morn- 
 [ ing, and then if I was fortunate enough to meet a boat I would go 
 I directly to New York, there spend the week up to Friday night in buy- 
 ing such articles as my memorandum called for; then I would take a 
 ! boat, if possible, for home, spending a night and day on the road, often 
 being until the late hours of Saturday night before I reached home. 
 Traveling by water was a very slow and uncertain way of getting from 
 place to place, — many times would be delayed two or three days waiting 
 for a boat to come. After the goods were brought to Newburgh by water, 
 then the remaining twenty miles they must be carried in wagons. I 
 think I can truly say I have traveled over the road from here to New- 
 
 * Samuel Denton, born May 10, 1794, near Wilton, Conn., married Pau- 
 line Darling, of Amenia, Duchess Co. Has resided over fifty years at his 
 present home, on South Street, Middletown. The children all reside in 
 Middletown, and are Mrs. Mary D. Graham, George L., and Frank B. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 447 
 
 burgh every hour in the day and night, and every day in the year and 
 all kinds of weather. How many merchants would think they could 
 undergo what I have passed through when I was building up my busi- 
 ness, and thereby doing all that lay in my power for the benefit and im- 
 provement t'f the now flourishing village of Middletown. 
 
 Most of the old buildings have been reniovtjd, and better and larger 
 ones taken their places. The first brick building was built by George S. 
 Corwin, on South Street, where Mns. Joseph King now lives; that was 
 in 1837. 
 
 When I came to Middletown the post-office was established, but only 
 a few years old. It was kept in a secretary on Denton's corner. Stacey 
 Beakes was postmaster. The mail was carried by post-riders, and only 
 received twice a week. Many things differ from now. In summer, beef 
 was a luxury reserved for a feast on Fourth of July ; one year a cow or 
 ox would be killed in Middletown, and half of it sent to Goshen, and 
 the next year the Goshen people would do the killing and send half to 
 Middletown. Such was the case for a few years. 
 
 Hector Van Cleft (father of Lewis H. Van Cleft, the present post- 
 master) opened the first meat-market here, where Samuel Ayres now 
 keeps grocery; others killed and brought it here and sold from the 
 wagon, but he kept a market where different kinds of meat could be 
 found at all times. One day a customer coming into the market and 
 seeiug so much meat hanging up, said to Van Cleft, *' Do you kill a whole 
 beef at a time?" What would tliat same person say now to see how 
 many are killed and brought into Middletown every day in the year? 
 Mrs. Lydia Smith kept a boarding-house near where J. N. Kellogg is now. 
 I boarded with her, 
 
 Sarah, daughter of Hezekiah Watkins, taught a private school on 
 South Street. I think Zina Kellogg opened tlie first grocery, where his 
 son John keeps. Others kept diy-goods and groceries; he kept only 
 groceries. 
 
 John H. Corwin, now of Newburgh, built the first Presbyterian meet- 
 ing-house, in 182'J. He bought the orchard facing on North Street, 
 opened the street, and called it Orchard Street, from the fact it was 
 througli his orchard. He also built the first liouse upon that street. I 
 have assisted twice to build a house upon the present site of the First 
 Presbyterian church. 
 
 Mrs. Lina Dobson, a most estimable woman, kept the first milliner- 
 shop, on E:ist Main Street, a few doors above Pronk's drug-store. James 
 Little came from Hampton, bought land, built the house, and lived 
 where Dr. Dorrance now lives. He opened James Street and named it 
 for himself. He also built a house on Mulbeiry Street for his brother-in- 
 law, Dr. Pronk ; it is now occupied by his sou, James N. Pronk. In 1838 
 he built the parsonage for the First Presbyterian Church at his own ex- 
 pense (costing $1500), on grounds belonging to the congregation. Rev. 
 Daniel T. Wood was the first occupant. Dr. John B. McMunn came 
 from Scotchtown, and was a noted physician in the early days of Middle- 
 town. William F. Sharp was the firat lawyer of the place; he remained 
 only a shOrt time, when he went to Goshen, where he is at present. His 
 brother taught school on North Street. E. M. Madden opened the first 
 tin-shop, on Main Street neaily opposite Canal Street. After a few years 
 he entered in partnership with E. P. Wheeler, and opened the foundry 
 where A. L. Vail is now. Previous to this two brothers, Hiram and String- 
 ham Dunning, built what is now known as "Tandy Block," and opened 
 a foundry, but continued only a short time. After the Erie Railroad was 
 built as far as Goshen, and the road graded to Middletown, the company 
 were obliged to leave it so on account of insufficient means to complete 
 the work. Joseph Davis, myself, and some twenty-five others (whom I 
 cannot mention) furnished the means to buy the rails, thus completing 
 the road to this place, and on June 12, 1843, we had the great pleasure of 
 witnessing the arrival of the first cars in Middletown. John Bailey built 
 the depot and was the fii-st agent. 
 
 I helped to organize the first bank in 1831), kept on Main Street, where 
 Daniel H. Bailey now lives. 
 
 The Bloomiugburgh plank-road, opened in 1850, was a great benefit to 
 Middletown. I aided in its building, and waa the first president; re- 
 mained so for many yeaiB. 
 
 The Wallkill Academy, organized in 1841, was a good mark for a small 
 village. As on other occasions, I wa-s present and gave my assistance; 
 was also the first president of this institution. 
 
 I never held a public office, only town clerk for two or three years; 
 preferred always to attend to private affairs. 
 
 I have seen the place increase from less than 100 people to about 8000; 
 witnessed many great changes; have seen all the noted buildings of this 
 place during their erection and completion; have outlived many worthy 
 persons of my early years, seen them pass one by one until I am the last 
 to relate these facts. 
 
 The old dwelling on West Main Street, belonging 
 to ]\Ioses A\^riglu, Avhich was torn down this year, was 
 built in 1841, It was in its day considered quite a 
 pretentious dwelling. The brick block consisted of 
 three buildings; they were all built atone time by 
 the late David Clark, upon the site of a tannery owned 
 and operated by Kobert Houston and Charles Dill. 
 Mr. Wright's house was built directly over the old 
 tannery vats, and the builder, not thinking a good 
 foundation of much importance, simply threw a quan- 
 tity of loose dirt and stones into the vat-holes, and 
 upon this flimsy foundation erected his brick wall. 
 The building began to settle the following year, and 
 continued to settle until at last it was considered un- 
 safe and ordered removed. 
 
 In the building next door, now occupied by L. L. 
 Purdy, was located the first hat-factory established 
 in Middletown. It was started by Judd & John- 
 son, two Connecticut men, and run for some years. 
 They gave employment to half a dozen men, and 
 turned out from twelve to fifteen dozen hats per day. 
 All the work was done at that time by hand. The 
 hat business now amounts to eight hundred dozen per 
 day. A story is told of Judd, a member of the above 
 firm, which is very timely just now, showing that Dr. 
 Tanner is not the only faster. Middletown had one 
 in earlier time. Judd attended the Methodist Church, 
 and during a revival season was converted. For some 
 time religion was his only thought, and he became a 
 I'egular religious enthusiast. While in this condition, 
 he one day announced to his friends that he had re- 
 ceived a revelation from God, instructing him to fast 
 and pray for forty days as a penance for his many 
 sins. He at once began his fast, which lasted just 
 four days, when, as be said, the Lord, but, as the 
 irreverent said, his stomach, told him to go to eating 
 again. He was as ready to accept the second revela- 
 tion as he had been the first, and so, abandoning fast- 
 ing, he resumed the manufacture of hats. 
 
 SCOTCHTOWN 
 
 is situated on high ground, the section of country 
 being about one thousand feet above tide-water. It 
 undoubtedly took its name from the nationality of 
 the early settlers. McVey, McWhorter, Mclnnis, 
 McLaughlin, McCord, are names sufficiently proving 
 the origin of Scotchtown, 
 
 George Houston gave three acres of land for the 
 churchyard and burying-ground ; the first person 
 buried there was a child of Benjamin Simons; in a 
 few weeks after Mrs. Patrick Bodle and Mrs. George 
 Houston were buried the same day ; this was in the 
 fall of 1801. 
 
 The first store was opened in 1803, by Robert Ster- 
 ritt, in the house where Dickinson lives. 
 
 John Brown was the first postmaster; the post-office 
 was in a building on the northeast corner of the 
 village. 
 
 The business at the present time consists of the 
 
448 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 store of Mr. Coleman, who is also postmaster; Sloats' 
 wagon-shop, and Clark's blacksmith-shop. 
 
 MECHANICTOWN 
 is a village about two miles east of Middletown, 
 which sprang up many years ago around the forge and 
 trip-hammer works of Messrs. Otis & Miller. Other i 
 manufactories followed. The place now comprises 
 but few business places. The old woolen-factory, 
 which was located here, was destroyed by fire a year 
 ago. 
 
 The old hotel was also burned and two old land- 
 marks disappeared. There is a small new hotel, kept j 
 by Roberts & Co. ; a glove manufactory and a feed- I 
 mill, in the same building, by Mr. Dewsknapp ; 
 blanket-weaving by John Oldroy. 
 
 The large factory and the hotel that were burned 
 belonged, in late years, to the Newsomes. 
 
 CIRCLEVILLE 
 is about half-way between Scotchtown and Blooming- 
 burgh, on the old turnpike from Goshen to Blooming- 
 burgh. Its post-office furnishes mail facilities for 
 something of a " circle" of country roundabout. Mr. 
 Samuel Bull was for many years the leading man of 
 the place. After the division of the Presbyterian 
 Church in the United States into Old School and 
 New, 1837, a church was organized at Circleville in 
 the interest of the New School denomination, and 
 their house of worship was erected on the property of 
 Mr. Bull. 
 
 This place is now a station on the Crawford Rail- 
 road. Mr. Harrison Bull is the agent in charge. He 
 is also postmaster, the office being kept at the store of 
 John Bull. Circleville post-office was established in 
 1850. Daniel Bull was postmaster until 185.5, when he 
 resigned, and his brother Harrison was appointed, who 
 is the present postmaster. The other business of the 
 place comprises the stores of G. T. Bull and of John 
 Bull ; blacksmith-shops by George B. Wallace and by 
 W. H. Odell ; wagon-shops by L. C. Terwilliger and 
 by A. A. Foster ; shoe-shops by James Moore and by 
 Joseph Ogden ; two creameries, one by the Circleville 
 Milk Association, the other by D. W. Berry, who is a 
 large operator in this line, having another creamery, 
 known as the Rockville, and one also in Goshen ; H. 
 S. Wilkison, a little out from the village, does mis- 
 cellaneous wood-work, and also operates a cider-mill. 
 
 The village is very pleasantly situated, with a rich 
 agricultural region around it. Many comfortable and 
 even elegant residences give ample proof of the in- 
 dustrious and well-to-do character of the people. 
 
 Of this village Miss Sarah E. Wilkison wrote a 
 few years since : 
 
 " CircIeviUe is a em.iU but iileasantlj'-situated village in the town of 
 Wallkill (now on the line of tlie Crawford Railroail). It lias a population 
 of about 100 inhabitants. Its growth has been slow, as it has no water 
 privilege, and until 1871 was five miles from a railroad. Previous to 
 1791 but little is known of it, as at that time it was a thick forest, with 
 a single log house, occupied by Mr. Coddington, near where the village 
 now stands. Not even a road, only as travelei-s were guided by marked 
 
 trees. The road leading from Goshen to Blooniingburgh reached witbiD 
 a mile at that time, and in about two years it passed through what is now 
 Circleville, although much unlike the road of the present time. The 
 road was made by simply cutting down the trees and digging out the lar- 
 gest rocks. By this process it was made very crooked, and remained so 
 for many years, notwithstanding the great inconvenience of traveling a 
 rouudaliout way to get a short distance. For the next five years nothing 
 occurred worthy of uote, only they cleared more of the land each year, 
 but no further building took place until the year 1800, when George 
 Niver, who lived on Col. Xewkirk's farm (which is now Circleville and 
 vicinity ), built a small frame house as a payment for his rent, and a por- 
 tion of that building may yet be seen in a barn now owned by Alexander 
 Jordan. Col. Newkirk was then quite an old man, and in about ten 
 years he died, when his farm was purchased by the brothers, .Simeon and 
 William Bush, William having 30 acres, and Simeon the remainder. 
 Until this time oidy three or four farm-houses had been built, and three 
 of them are yet standing on their original sites. 
 
 "The connti-y around was thinly settled ; churches, schools, and shops 
 were at a distance. No business was carried on for miles around, except 
 a pottery, which was erected by David JIandeville, and was operated by 
 him for many years, it being then one of the most extensive branches of 
 business in the country. He was unfortunate in having his buildings 
 burned three times, and after the third loss be moved his family to Wa- 
 verly, and the business was never re-established, Samuel Bull ptirchased 
 the farm of the brothers Bush in 1831, and built the stone house which 
 yet occupies a prominent site in Circleville. Nothing unusual transpired 
 for the next ten years. Tiiere were a few changes and some improve- 
 ments. In the year 1841 the inhabitants of the territory long known 
 as Bull Hack felt the need of having divine service more accessible 
 than it had been, and accordingly invited the Rev Daniel T. Wood, of 
 Middletown, to meet and advise with them i-especting the propriety of 
 an organization." (See " Churclies.") "After estjtblishing a church 
 it was thought proper to give the place some name ; accordingly, at a 
 meeting held Nov. 20, 1841, at the house of Samuel Bull, it was decided 
 that it should be called Circleville merely as a matter of choice."* 
 
 PHILLIPSBURGH 
 
 lies east of Middletown, on the Wallkill. Across the 
 river there is an elevation known as Hopper Hill, so 
 named because somebody fancied that the topograjjhy 
 of the hill, or a depression in the rear, resembled the 
 hopper of a grist-mill. 
 
 Further east is Mount Joy, said to have been named 
 by a company of men who were lost for a time in the 
 wilderness, but having climbed this eminence they 
 saw the Wallkill, and instantly knew their location. 
 In their "gushing" joy they christened the mountain 
 with a perpetual memorial of their feelings. 
 
 Phillip.sburgh is an old point of settlement, and a 
 place of great expectations. With its magnificent 
 water-power, with its government tontracts for pow- 
 der during the war of the Revolution, with the noted 
 men who settled there, and the fine farming country 
 around it, it had every prospect of advanced growth. 
 It was a place of trade, and the people from the vi- 
 cinity of what is now Middletown went to Phillips- 
 burgh to do their shopping. 
 
 The change of public routes, the growth of Middle- 
 town as an important railway village, dwarfed Phil- 
 lipsburgh. There are now no stores or business places 
 there except the grist-mills, one on the northwest side 
 of the stream, owned by H. B. Hulse, and run by 
 George M. White, the other on the opposite side of 
 the stream, owned by T. & J. Marsh. There is a 
 
 * It was proposed by Mrs. Mary Bull, who thought Circleville, of Ohio, 
 a very pleasant name. It was immediately assented to by the others 
 present. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 449 
 
 blacksmith-shop by Charles L. White. The Hulse 
 
 mill was originally a t'ulling-mill, and the old stone 
 dye-house still stands near it. The old powder- I 
 magazine of 1776 is said to have been at the present ! 
 Slauson place. T. & J. Marsh also run a distillery. I 
 
 We add the following article, as giving many items 
 on several of the villages of Wallkill. 
 
 RECOLLECTIOXS OF HALF A CENTURY. ! 
 
 "About half a century ago Middletowu stood precisely where it staiidB 
 now, with its surroundings of hills and vaileya and water-courses and 
 highways and by-ways, but tlie inhabitants have changed very much. 
 It had one meeting-house, the Congregational, which stood nearly 
 where the new one is building. Abel Jackson was the preacher, and ; 
 Isaiah Vail was the chorister. The village had a school-house, standing I 
 where Emmet Moore's house stands now, ou South Street, The writer of 
 this article was the teacher, with about forty-five scliolars, gathered from ' 
 the whole village and its suburbs. Middletowu, all told, contained thirty 
 families and about one hundred and fifty inhabitants, viz.: Sam. Ben- \ 
 nett, Charles Weed, Alex. Murray, Abigail Howell, Robert Kelly, Moses 
 Corwin, Stacey Beakes, Elisha Corwin, Sam. Canfield, Ob. Vail, Josiah 
 Vail, Luther Vail, Abel Darby (colored), Mary Wickham, Ralph Keeier, ' 
 Nat. Penny, Jesse Corwin, Jane Knapp, James Smith, Saml. Denton, I 
 Lydia Smith, John Wells, Gabriel Wells, Daniel Hulse, Peter Hulse, ' 
 Shelden Ensign, Temperance Brown, Susan Hill, William Owen, and 
 John Cox. I 
 
 '* Henry Wiuser and Isaiah Vail, justices of the peace at different 
 periods; Elijali Welch, counselor and attorney; Ralph Keeler, consta- j 
 ble. Ob. Vail and Stephen Smith kept public-house; John Cox, tanner ,' 
 and currier (Robt. Houston and Charles Dill will be remembered in this I 
 connection later) ; S. Canfield, shoemaker; Francis Drake, harness- 
 maker; Isaiah Smith and Shelden Ensign, blacksmiths; Peter Hulse, | 
 wagon-maker; Eliad Tryon, cooper; Silas Hulse made whisky, and ' 
 Abel Darby corn-brooms; David Hanford, physician ; Jesse Corwin j 
 made fanning-mills; Gabriel Wells. Stacey Beakes, and Sam. Denton, 
 merchants, furnished diy-goods, hardware, and, if they followed the 
 custom of the times, rum and tobacco; Lydia Smith sold ginger-cake 
 and beer; Nat Penny made hats; and Charles Weed, spinning-wheels. 
 
 "To the best of the writer's recollection, the little borougli ou the 
 stream supplying Houston's mill, a mile or so above town, was called 
 White-Oak Bridge, and afterward ' Monhagen.' It once boasted a small 
 grist- and saw-mill, and a store and tivern, kept by Isaac Vail. 
 
 " Obviously, a man looking at the village of fifty years ago, and then at 
 the Middletowu of to-day, m\ist exclaim, ' What hath time wrought !' 
 
 In those days Phillipsburgh did a thriving businpss. Dr. Phillips carried 
 on the grist-mill now owned by Mr. Marsh, also the carding-mill near, — 
 now not used, — and built the blacksmith-shop ; also built and conducted 
 the cider and distillery establishments, these on the south side of Wall- 
 kill River. Opposite, Col. Moses Phillips ami son Moses did an extensive 
 mercantile business, while William fulled and manufactured wool quite 
 largely where Hulse's mill stands now, and afterwards built the Me- 
 chanictown mills. Another son of Col. Pliillips, George, earned on 
 grist- and fulling-mills fartlier up on the Wallkill, the history of wliich 
 is still fresh in the memory of the elderly and nnddle-aged. The old 
 plot near Pliillipsburgh used for burying is very old: dates back of your 
 correspondent's memory, 
 
 "One thing might confidently be claimed in behalf of the village for 
 situation, viz. ; travel far as the reader please, he could scarce find an- 
 other so quiet and beautiful valley and delightsome stream as the local- 
 ity at Phillipsburgh. 
 
 " Lastly, I will only trouble you with one locality moie, — a kind of 
 little ' city set on a hill.' Fifty years ago Scotchtown had its Presbyterian 
 Church, with Mathuselali Baldwin for pastor. The community came 
 honestly by its name. Among the early settlers might be mentioned 
 the McWilliamses, McCarters, McWhorter, McVey, McGinnis, McLaugh- 
 lin, McNeal, McCture, with others of less Scotch in name, but none the 
 lees in composition. Not far on the Middletowu road stood, and still 
 stands, now unocc\ipied, probably tlie oldest residence in the town of 
 Wallkill, built of stone in 1791 by Caleb Goldsmith, Sr. Dr. Joshua 
 Hornbeck was then the practicing physician. The village had its store, 
 —the fii-st by Robt. Sterritt, then by Everson ; its tiivern by Elijah 
 Seeley, afterwards by Jno. G, Houston ; also a blacksmith- and wagon- 
 shop, the latter by Thos. Bell. David Slauson (father of diaries Slau- 
 son) was a thoroughgoing carpenter of the neighborhood. The buryiug- 
 
 ground opposite the church had been in use already a long period for 
 the purpose. The first church edifice was constructed too far back for 
 the writer's knowledge. It was not seated and finished, however, until 
 18(16. The place had no post-ofiice till years later. Mail matter was re- 
 ceived at an ofiice known as 'Wallkill,' kept by Slonell, about a mile 
 south of Stony Ford Bridge. Here also election was held for some years, 
 though not the town-meetings. 
 
 " Scotchtown occupies one of the most elevated and sightly situations 
 in Orange County. An incident : On receipt of the news of the favora- 
 ble termination of the battle of New Orleans, and conclusion of the 
 treaty of peace after the war of 1S12, the staid inhabitants resolved on 
 a public rejoicing and church illumination, which proved a decided suc- 
 cess, the illumination attracting general attention and remark through 
 a large extent of country commonly known as the valley of the Wall- 
 kill. But, better still, its moral light was never hid, since it has nearlj' 
 uniformly, and justly too, enjoyed the reputation of being one of the 
 most solid, sober, and religious communities to be found. 
 
 " Old Sc:hoolsiaster. 
 
 "June, 1872." 
 
 HOWELL'S DEPOT 
 is a station on the Erie Railroad next northwest from 
 Middletown, and is near the line of Mount Hope. 
 Tlie post-oflBce was established about 1846. Samuel 
 C. Howell, after whom the place is named, was the 
 first postmaster, and served about ten years. His suc- 
 cessors have been Judson Horton, two years; H. 
 Bevans,six years; J. T. Roe, eight years; Samuel Bull, 
 two years; T. M. Walter, five years; and, since the 
 last named, L. Coleman, the present incumbent. 
 
 The present business of Howell's Depot comprises 
 the freighting and general traffic of the Erie Railroad 
 at this point, stores, general merchandise, by H. 
 Bevans and B. Mapes ; drug-store, Dr. S. E. Putney ; 
 hardware-store and tin-shop, by L. Coleman, who is 
 also postmaster; a hotel, by S. H. Case; blacksmith- 
 shops, by Henry Beyea and by Ira Lockwood ; wagon- 
 shop, by Joseph G. Sharp ; meat-market, by George 
 Lansing ; shoemaker-shops, by Milton Crist and 
 James H. St. John. 
 
 The village is finely situated, commanding an ex- 
 tensive view of a rich agricultural section, bounded 
 to the north and west by the Shawangunk Mountains. 
 The Congregational church is one of the finest houses 
 of worship that can be found in a rural village of this 
 size. Its interior is peculiarly neat and convenient, 
 the excellent proportions, the modest yet beautiful 
 frescoing, the superior arrangement of the desk and 
 recess for the choir, all prove that taste and refine- 
 ment do not depend on wealth or on the culture of 
 a large city. 
 
 VAN BURENVILLE 
 is the name bestowed upon a village west of Craw- 
 ford Junction, and near the northeast angle of the 
 town of Mount Hope. It arose from the establish- 
 ment of a post-office there forty or fifty years ago by 
 that name, given no doubt in honor of President 
 Martin Van Buren. It was formerly a place of con- 
 siderable business on the old stage-route from Middle- 
 town to Bloomingburgh, in Sullivan County. 
 
 The opening of the plank-road by a shorter line 
 left Van Burenville away from routes of much travel 
 and its business disappeared. The post-office facili- 
 ties were transferred to Howell's, on the Erie Railroad. 
 
450 
 
 HISTOllY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 SAND STATION 
 is a stopping-place on tlie Oswego Midland, a mile or 
 more north of Middletown. 
 
 FAIR OAKS 
 has a post-office, and it is also a station upon the 
 Midland Railroad, now known as the New York, On- 
 tario and Western. 
 
 It was established Ma_v 14, 1872. Matthew S. As- 
 kew was appointed postmaster, and has retained the 
 office to the present time (1880). Mr. Askew is also 
 station-agent and proprietor of the hotel. The latter 
 was built and opened for business the day the battle 
 of Fair Oaks, Va., was fought in the late war. In a 
 conversation that day over the name, Fair Oaks, then 
 in everybody's mind, was suggested and speedily 
 adopted. 
 
 CRAWFORD JUNCTION 
 is the point at which the Branch Crawford Railroad 
 diverges from the main line of the New York, On- 
 tario and Western Railway. 
 
 The traveler will look in vain for any village. The 
 diverging point is in a swamp ; a single switchman's 
 hut and a milk-platform comprise the railroad struc- 
 
 PURDY'S STATION 
 is a stopping-place on the New York, Ontario and 
 Western Railway, in the northwest part of the town, 
 and not far from the line of Sullivan County. It is 
 mostly a milk-station, and there is no business there 
 except as connected with the railroad. 
 
 LOCKWOOD'S 
 is also a station on the same railroad, and both are of 
 considerable convenience to the people of those 
 
 neighborhoods. 
 
 ROCKVILLE 
 
 is south of Bull Hack. The name is derived from a 
 huge rock that lies on the slope of the hill near by. 
 It has been blasted away somewhat, and is therefore 
 not as prominent an object as formerly. The farm 
 was formerly that of Samuel Wilkison. It is now 
 owned by William Startup. 
 
 There is a creamery located near the Four Corners. 
 
 MILLSBURGH 
 was an early name for a neighborhood settled, among 
 others, by Jacob Mills, whose descendants were nu- 
 merous and constituted the prominent families of the 
 
 district. 
 
 STONY FORD 
 
 was so called as early as 1767. It was a fording-place 
 over the Wallkill from Montgomery into this town, 
 a mile west of Lagrange. There is a rift across the 
 stream at this point literally paved with cobble-stones, 
 firm and hard. Of course this primitive method of 
 crossing was long ago substituted by a bridge. 
 
 BRIMSTONE HILL, 
 in the north part of the town, is so named from the 
 story told of a drinking spree at the old log tavern of 
 
 early times. Being short of glasses, an extra one was 
 brought in from another room that had been used in 
 mixing up some brimstone, and a quantity was left in. 
 In the hurry of the occasion, or the darkness of the 
 evening, it was not perceived, and the man who was 
 fortunate enough to get that whisky of extra strength 
 rushed into the street, shouting, " Brimstone I brim- 
 stone !" And so the place was named as the tradition 
 runs. 
 
 MICHIGAN 
 
 was the name applied to a cluster of houses on Three- 
 Mile Hill, and is still preserved in the name of the 
 school district. Mr. Eager's solution of the origin is 
 that a citizen who was somewhat in debt undertook 
 to make the people believe that in a temporary ab- 
 sence from town he had been to Michigan. And 
 when he afterwards opened a tavern here they rather 
 contemptuously called the place Michigan. 
 
 LAGRAN(iE. 
 The first post-office in this town was at Lagrange. 
 It was called " Wallkill," and was kept by John 
 Monell. The building is yet standing. Another 
 post-office was a large, hollow white-oak tree, near 
 Patrick Bodle's, now J. Denton Mills'. Any person 
 being at the Wallkill post-office, and finding letters 
 for the neighbors in the vicinity of Scotchtown, would 
 bring them up and deposit them in this tree; then, 
 as the neighbors passed, they would call and examine 
 the contents of this office ; finding anything for them- 
 selves, they would take it and leave what belonged to 
 
 others. 
 
 DAVISTOWN 
 
 was an old name for a neighborhood in the east part 
 of the town, arising from the Davis families, which 
 were numerous in that section. 
 
 HONEY-POT. 
 This is the mellifluous name bestowed many years 
 ago upon an excellent spring of water a mile or more 
 from Circleville. The farm and the district were also 
 known to some extent by the same term. The prop- 
 erty was originally owned by Richard Gale. He sold 
 it to Jonathan Hawkins, who moved to Orange County 
 from Long Island, and married the daughter of Jacob 
 Mills. Mills Hawkins, a son, was the next owner, who 
 sold to George McNish. In 1843 it was divided into 
 two farms, — one sold to Hiram S. Wilkison, and the 
 other subsequently to Oscar Shaw, and the latter is 
 now owned by David W. Shaw. There are various 
 traditions as to the reason for the name, but none of 
 them are of definite authority. Whether it was be- 
 cause of the sweetness and purity of the water that 
 flowed from the spring, whether a " bee-tree" with 
 its rich deposit of honey once stood by the spring, 
 whether stolen honey wa-s once hidden there, must be 
 left to future investigation. 
 
 GUINEA 
 is an old name applied to a settlement made by 
 colored people, east of the Honey-Pot farm. They 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 451 
 
 had been the slaves of Col. McLaughry, of New 
 Windsor, and were freed by him, 1825 to 1828. The 
 three heads of the old families were John, Thomas, 
 and William. They were industrious, useful citizens, 
 and highly respected by their white neighbors. The 
 land was given to them by Col. McLaughry, consist- 
 ing of a ridge running north and south, some of it 
 rough, but mostly good land. 
 
 BULL HACK 
 
 is an old nauie applied to a section of this town lying 
 about a mile south of Circleville and a half-mile or 
 more in breadth. It is proper here to correct the 
 statement of a previous writer that this land is " high, 
 stony, rough, and hard to subdue." On the contrary, 
 quite a portion consists of low, valuable, alluvial flats, 
 and other |)arts are rich uplands, comprising some of 
 the best farms in town. Doubtless the name origi- 
 nated from the fact that some of William Bull's de- 
 scendants settled in this section at an early day, and 
 in the dense forest then to be cleared " hacking " 
 away for a living was doubtless a necessity ; but this 
 epithet Bull Hack was not understood to be deroga- 
 tory either to the soil or to the people who lived 
 there. 
 
 PIERCE VALLEY 
 
 was a name applied to the beautiful Parmalee estate 
 about the time that Franklin Pierce, of New Hamp- 
 shire, was elected to the Presidency. It has remained 
 one of the local terms in use to some extent at the 
 present time. 
 
 VI.-SCHOOLS. 
 
 At the annual meeting April 6, 1813, the necessary 
 steps were taken to comply with the statute of 1812 
 for the organization of the common-school .system of 
 the State. The commissioners elected were William 
 Hurtin, Jacob Dunning, and Benjamin Woodward. 
 Others, serving one or more years each, during the 
 period 1813 to 1844, were Walter Everett, William 
 Booth, Elijah Welch, Henry B. Wisner, Joseph Chat- 
 tie, Samuel Millspaugh, John Brown, Jr., William 
 Finn, Jonathan B. Webb, Stephen Ingersoll, George 
 Little, Israel H. Wickham, Shubael B. Denton, Lear- 
 tus M. Weller, Jacob Mills, Jr., John B. McMuun, 
 Samuel W. Brown, Robert H. Houston, Stephen 
 Harlow, Nathaniel Conklin, Charles Dill, James F. 
 Houston, William Hoyt, James M. Finch, Abraham 
 Vail, Jr., John M. Cash. Several of these served for 
 many years, particularly William Hurtin, who was an 
 incumbent of the oflice a large share of the thirty 
 years. 
 
 •Daring the same period inspectors of schools were 
 chosen, and served one or more years each, as follows : 
 Rev. Abel Jackson, Rev. Methuselah Baldwin, Joseph 
 Chattle, Gabriel N. Phillips, William Bodle, Isaiah 
 Vail, Joshua Hornbeck, Dr. David Hanford, Dr. 
 Benjamin B. Newkirk, Benjamin Dodge, Dr. Eusebius 
 
 Austin, Henry B. Wisner, Nathan Stark, Rev. Wil- 
 liam Blain, Stephen Ingersoll, Benjamin Woodward, 
 Thomas W. Gilbert, Thomas Royce, John B. McMunn, 
 George Houston, Isaiah S. Hulse, Daniel C. Wisner, 
 Ira Moore, Ambrose Hulse, Harvey Everett, James 
 W. Finch, Alfred Hurtin, John W. Cash, Coe G. 
 Bradner, .Jonathan M. Vail, Wilmot Moore. 
 
 Several of these citizens decided on the qualifica- 
 tion of teachers for many years. Especially should 
 it be mentioned that Rev. Mr. Baldwin served twenty- 
 five or more of the thirty years that this sj'stem pre- 
 vailed. Joshua Hornbeck also served about the same 
 length of time. 
 
 The system of supervision by town superintendents 
 was inaugurated in 1844. The incumbents of that 
 oflice in Wallkill were as follows : 
 
 Elected annually: 1844, John G. Wilkin; 1845, 
 Hiram Shons ; 184G, Hiram Shons ; 1847, Harvey 
 Everett. Elected biennially : 1848, Harvey Everett ; 
 1850, Harvey Everett; 1852, Harvey Everett; 1854, 
 Alexander T. Bull ; 1855, Harvey Everett (to fill va- 
 cancy); 1856, Henry S. Mosher. This last-named 
 incumbent was legislated out of oflice, or rather pre- 
 vented from qualifying, hj the act creating district 
 commissioners. At this date all control of the schools 
 by the town authorities ceased. If the new system 
 had any advantages, there was nevertheless a serious 
 loss of town leadership and town enthusiasm that in 
 many cases has never been recovered. Twenty-five 
 years of the Assembly district system have failed to 
 show its superiority to "local, home control." The 
 proposition occasionally mentioned, even in official 
 reports at Albany, to re-establish a Board of Educa- 
 tion in each town, is an indication of this fact, and 
 to it sooner or later the State will undoubtedly return. 
 
 A partial school report on file for April 1, 1815, shows 
 the following facts : 
 
 District No. 1. — Alsop Vail and othere, tnistees; 91 children between 
 five and fifteen ; entitled to $41.17. 
 
 District No. 6. — Wnl. Bull, Jr., and others, trustees; 62 children, and 
 entitled to $28.05. 
 
 District No. 7. — .Tohn Savage, trustee ; the same. 
 
 District No. 8. — John Fowler, trustee : 6S children, and entitled to 
 S:i0.77. 
 
 District No. 9. — John Mc Williams, trustee; 84 children; entitled to 
 S3S.00. 
 
 District No. 10. — Simeon Slausou, trustee; 107 children ; entitled to 
 $48,411. 
 
 District No. 11. — William Phillips, trustee ; 02 children ; entitled to 
 $41.62. 
 
 District No. 12. — Abraham Crane, trustee; pi children; entitled to 
 $27.60. 
 
 District No. l^.^Thonias Thompson, trustee ; the same. 
 
 District No. 14.— Absalom Weller ; 69 children, and entitled to $31.22. 
 
 District No. 10. — Peter Hoyt, trustee; 68 children, and entitled to 
 $30.77. 
 
 District No. 17. — Elisha Eeeve, Jr., trustee; on children; entitled to 
 $27 1.5. 
 
 District No. 18. — William Finn, trustee; 57 children; entitled to 
 $25 60. 
 
 District No. 19. — James Morrison, Jr., tnistee; 54 children; entitled 
 to $24.43. 
 
 District No. 20.— Philip Miller; 31 children; entitled to $14.03. 
 
 Part District No. 5 (Goshen).— 28 children ; entitled to $12.67. 
 
452 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 A school at Middletown, prior to the law of 1812, 
 had undoubtedly been maintained by private liber- 
 ality, as the records show that after the legal organi- 
 zation in 1813 a proposition was made to buy the 
 school-house of the owners thereof. 
 
 The first meeting of the district as then organized 
 was held at the house of Ob.adiah Vail, on the 30th 
 of June, 1818. Stacey Beakes had called the meeting 
 by personally serving a notice on each voter. 
 
 Ephraim Everett was chosen chairman, after which 
 the regular officers were elected : Henry D. Wisner, 
 clerk ; Isaiah Vail, William Murray, and Isaac Little, 
 trustees ; Samuel Bennett, collector. 
 
 It was voted to have a school kept in the school- 
 house at Middletown. 
 
 At an adjourned meeting in September, held at the 
 same place, it was voted to raise a tax of $60 to pur- 
 chase a stove and repair the school-house. 
 
 One dollar was voted to buy a book for the records, 
 — the book from which the writer makes these notes, 
 sixty-seven years afterwards. They again adjourned 
 to November, but the record of the meeting by the 
 clerk is brief: " It being very rainy no person met at 
 the school-house." 
 
 At a meeting held a few days later the trustees ex- 
 hibited an account of expenses incurred in repairs 
 amounting to $37.75, which the meeting responded to 
 by voting a tax of $20. 
 
 It was voted to have an assistant teacher employed. 
 William Murray and Henry B. Wisner were named as 
 a committee to see about purchasing the school-house. 
 
 At an adjourned meeting in February, Jesse Cor- 
 win was chosen moderator. The committee on school- 
 house reported in part. 
 
 At a meeting April 4, 1814, Isaiah Vail was mod- 
 erator. The negotiation with the owners of the 
 school-house does not seem to have progressed favor- 
 ably, for it was moved " that we abandon the present 
 school-house as district property," and this was car- 
 ried. The next motion was, "Shall we be contented 
 with the present school-house until we are ordered out 
 by the proprietors?" and they voted " No." The next 
 vote was on the question, " Is it necessary to have a 
 new school-house?" and it was voted in the affirma- 
 tive. Moses H. Corwin, Eusebius Austin, and Henry 
 B. Wisner were appointed a committee on location, 
 price, etc. In June the committee reported that 
 lands could be obtained of George W. Vail or of 
 Obadiah Vail. 
 
 Meanwhile, whether " contented" with the old house 
 or not, they evidently used it, as we find them voting, 
 in October, the sum of $35 " for the school-house." 
 
 March 6, 1815, Elislia Reeve was chosen moderator; 
 Henry B. Wisner, Isaiah Vail, and Samuel Bennett 
 were appointed a committee to draw up and present 
 a plan for the future benefit of the district. March 
 20th the committee reported they could recommend 
 the purchase of no land they could find at present. 
 
 Frequent meetings were held without result. Oct. 
 
 24, 1865, the clerk, somewhat disgusted, records the 
 following: " Talked and conversed about a month of 
 things of no moment and adjourned." 
 
 Oct. 31, 1815, $40 was voted to purchase wood. 
 
 At the annual meeting June 29, 1816, Henry B. 
 Wisner was chosen clerk ; Samuel Bennett, Elisha 
 Reeve, and Eusebius Austin, trustees ; Gabriel Wells, 
 collector. 
 
 June 28, 1817, the trustees chosen were Walter 
 Everett, Elijah Welch, Jr., and Cornelius Shons. A 
 committee, consisting of Isaac Vail, Isaac Little, and' 
 Gabriel Wells, were again appointed to report upon a 
 suitable site for a school-house and the probable ex- 
 pense of building. 
 
 July 12th the committee reported that " Brundage 
 & Smith would sell a corner on the west side of the 
 road for $40 ; Luther Vail, on the same side, for $50; 
 Luther Reeve, adjoining the turnpike, for $50." 
 
 It was then voted that the trustees buy of either 
 Luther Vail or of Brundage & Smith, and they ad- 
 journed to September. 
 
 The adjourned meeting is reported by the clerk as 
 follows : " Being sick, did not attend at the school- 
 house ; understood there was no meeting and no 
 adjournment." 
 
 At a special meeting, Jan. 8, 1818, it was voted to 
 buy a site of Luther Vail, on the west side of the road 
 leading to the turnpike. It was further voted to raise 
 a tax of $500 for purchasing the site and building. 
 Isaac Little, Stephen Sayre, and David Warren were 
 appointed a committee to make a draft and estimate, 
 also the probable expense of buying the old school- 
 house and moving it. 
 
 At the same meeting they voted that the wood 
 should be furnished by each family in proportion to 
 scholars sent; and if any one failed to furnish the 
 same after three days' notice from the teacher, then 
 Elijah Welch was to furnish for all delinquents at the 
 rate of one dollar and fifty cents per load. 
 
 Jan. 22, 1818, the committee reported a plan for a 
 school-house 36 feet by 22, and the e-stimated expense 
 at $400 ; that the expense of removing the old house 
 would be $25, and " would save from the expense of 
 building a new one the sum of one hundred and 
 fifteen dollars besides the expenses of moving." 
 
 This business grew onerous and difficult for the 
 trustees to manage alone, and an advisory committee 
 to aid them was named, consisting of Samuel Bennett 
 and Isaac Little. 
 
 At last the house was built, though the meeting at 
 which it was voted to build seems to be omitted from 
 the records ; but at the annual meeting June 7, 1818, 
 the following resolution was adopted : 
 
 " Resolifni, That tlie trustees be authorized to appropriate tlie surplus 
 money they may liiive in tlieir hands, arit^ing from tlie tax levied on the 
 4th of April last (for tlie purpose of building a new school-house), towards 
 putting another story on said house." 
 
 Dec. 3, 1818, it was voted to purchase a " ten-plate 
 stove" for the new school-house. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 453 
 
 Feb. 2, 1819, it was voted to sell at public auction 
 the land granted to this district by Abel WoodhuU. 
 
 In 1.S14, James Young, of Neelytown, taught school 
 in Scotchtown; he was afterwards a missionary to 
 the Seneca Indians. 
 
 Dolly Jane Corwin, daughter of Jason Corwin, of 
 Scotchtown, taught school (private) in Scotchtown 
 about 1840. She died a few years ago, having taught 
 forty-seven years. 
 
 About 1828 two small districts were united, and, 
 No. 12 being formed, the building known as the 
 " White School-house" was built upon the southwest 
 corner of James Morrison's farm, now owned by 
 Nathan J. Mills. Morrison gave the land ; Bradner 
 Little had the contract for building the house for 
 $300; Samuel Bull did the mason-work. It was long 
 used for religious purposes; in it Circleville Church 
 was organized, and the first communion service ad- 
 ministered by the Eev. Daniel T. Wood. For many 
 years it was used by different denominations for reg- 
 ular Sunday afternoon service. Forty-eight persons 
 have held the position of teacher; of these, Henry 
 Crane taught eight years in succession. Sarah E. 
 Wilkison (present teacher) has taught five and one- 
 half years, but at different times. John A. Stitt, near 
 Bloomingburgh, and D. Kerr Bull, of Brooklyn, were 
 among the early teachers ; as far as the writer knows, 
 one is a minister in Massachusetts, two are doctors, 
 one a lawyer, seven are dead, and only five are fol- 
 lowing the profession of teaching. The school-house 
 is just one mile from Circleville. 
 
 WALLKILL ACADEMY. 
 
 The first meeting to initiate the work of founding 
 this institution was held Jan. 30, 1841. The amount 
 of stock subscribed was $3656.75. The stockholders 
 numbered 115, and the shares were five dollars each. 
 The stockholders met Feb. 27, 1841. Israel H. Wick- 
 ham was chairman of the meeting, and Ira ]\Ioore 
 secretary. 
 
 Application having been made to the Legislature 
 for incorporation, the necessary act was passed in the 
 following May. The first board of trustees consisted 
 of the following persons : Israel H. Wickham, Alex. 
 W. Shaw, George Houston, Col. C. Bradner, Stacey 
 Beakes, William S. Weiib, Charles Dill, Harvey 
 Everett, Samuel Denton, David Hanford, Calvin 
 Carmichael, Alex. Wright. 
 
 The building committee consisted of James Little, 
 Robert H. Houston, and Henry S. Beakes. 
 
 The stockholders met March 10, 1841, to decide the 
 location, and a majority voted in favor of a lot on 
 Orchard Street,, offered by Stacey Beakes. A lot 
 offered by Dill & Houston was the one upon which 
 the building was finally erected. David Clark was 
 the contractor. The building was commenced in 
 August, 1841, and accepted as completed by the trus- 
 tees in October, 1842. 
 
 The first teacher was Rev. Phineas Robinson, who 
 
 opened the first session soon after the building was 
 completed, and remained two years. 
 
 His successor was Patrick McGregor, who taught 
 five years, and who was succeeded by Henry Free- 
 man. He also taught five years, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by Rev. P. Teller Babbitt. The latter re- 
 mained a year and a half, when D. Kerr Bull was 
 appointed principal. 
 
 The academy as thus erected was a very convenient 
 building, three stories high, with a basement. The 
 principal and his family occupied the second floor 
 and the rooms of the basement. 
 
 On the first floor was the school-room, with two 
 recitation-rooms attached. The third floor was di- 
 vided into eleven rooms, for students who boarded in 
 the institution. 
 
 The teachers of the public schools of Middletown 
 for 1880-81 are as follows: 
 
 School No. 1 [Cottage Street).— EWm Wickham, 
 principal ; Mary J. Barlow and Isabella McBurney. 
 
 School No. 2 (High >Sr-ee/).-'— Florence Dennison, 
 principal ; Annie Gray, Elizabeth Corwin, Fannie 
 Corwin, Sarah B. Russell, and Helen M. Dorrance. 
 
 School No. 3 (Bennett Hilt).— Mrs. S. R. Baird, 
 principal ; S. Louise King, Anna Friend, and Lottie 
 L. Boyd. 
 
 School No. 4 (Beattie Hill). — Eugenia DeKay, prin- 
 cipal ; Rebecca J. Worcester and Carrie Harding. 
 
 School No. 5 (Orchard Street). — Sarah E. Darbee, 
 principal ; Hattie Bull and Evie Brett. 
 
 Primary, No. 6 (South Street). — Mary L. Burroughs, 
 principal ; E. Katie Sease. 
 
 Academy. — Senior Department, Lydia J. Van Hou- 
 sen ; Intermediate Department, Ira L. Case ; Junior 
 Department, Anna B. Dunning ; Teacher of English 
 Grammar, Sarah E. Igo ; Arithmetic, Nettie B. Cooper ; 
 Geography, Annice M. Parsons. 
 
 THE STATE HOMffiOPATHIC ASYLUM FOR THE 
 INSANE AT MIDDLETOWN, N. Y. 
 
 This institution was originated in 1869, through the 
 exertions of George F. Foote, M.D., and of certain 
 public-spirited citizens, both in Orange County and 
 in other sections of the State, who were desirous of 
 applying the principles of the homoeopathic school 
 of medicine to the care and relief of the insane. 
 
 In January, 1870, a bill was placed in the hands 
 of William M. Graham (who was then representing 
 this district in the Senate of this State) for the pur- 
 pose of obtaining, through the action of the Legisla- 
 ture, an act incorporating the above-named institu- 
 tion. To the surprise and regret of many of the 
 warm and ardent friends of the project, the bill upon 
 its third reading received but five or six aflirmative 
 votes in the State Senate. 
 
 The cause of the bill receiving so few atBrmative 
 votes in the Senate was owing to the fact that Dr. 
 Foote and the friends of the proposed institution 
 were desirous of making it a private asylum, and ob- 
 
454 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 taining State aid to the amount of $150,000, or, in 
 other words, of obtaining an appropriation from the 
 State of that amount for a private institution. 
 
 After an examination of the subject by those who 
 felt a deep interest in the establishing of the institu- 
 tion, it was apparent that an act of that character, if 
 passed by the Legislature, would conflict with the 
 strict construction of the constitution, and would 
 therefore be declared by the courts as unconstitu- 
 tional. 
 
 The friends of the project feeling so deep an interest 
 in their undertaking, and so anxious for its success, 
 were perfectly willing to comply with whatever means 
 were necessary for the fulfillment and accomplishment 
 of the object so dear to them. 
 
 The senator of this district was authorized and re- 
 quested to prepare and perfect a bill that would meet 
 the requirement of the constitution, as well as the 
 earnest wishes and desires of the numerous friends 
 of the new project. Accordingly, a bill was thus pre- 
 pared, and presented to the Senate for their consid- 
 eration some time in the month of February, 1870, 
 and, after the usual course all bills presented to the 
 Senate have to take, it received their unanimous 
 assent, — not a negative vote against the measure. 
 
 The bill then took its usual course in the Assembly 
 chamber, and after a thorough discussion of the merits 
 and demerits of the proposed measure, it received the 
 unanimous assent of the members of the Assembly 
 (as in the case of the Senate), not a negative vote 
 being cast. The act was passed April 28, 1870, and 
 received the signature of Governor John T. Hoffman, 
 on the day of its final passage by the Legislature. 
 
 The first section of the act provided : " There shall 
 be established at Middletown, in the county of Orange, 
 a State lunatic asylum for the care and treatment of 
 the insane and inebriate, upon the principles of medi- 
 cine known by the homoeopathic, and it shall be known 
 by the name of the State Homceopathie Asylum for 
 the Insane at Middletown. There shall be twenty- 
 one trustees to manage said institution,'' and George 
 F. Foots, Thomas Hitchcock, Frederick A. Conkling, 
 
 HOMOEOPATHIC A.SYLUM FOR INSANE. 
 
 John David Wolfe, Peter S. Hoe, John K. Hackett, 
 James P. Wallace, Phineas P. Wells, Henry R. Low, 
 Elisha P. Wheeler, Oliver B. Vail, Robert H. Berdell, 
 Richard B. Connolly, D. D. T. Marshall, Carroll Dun- 
 
 William M. Graham were appointed as such trus- 
 tees. 
 
 It was required of the trustees at their first meeting 
 to draw lots in order to divide themselves into seven 
 classes of three each, which chosen should hold oflice 
 one, two, three, four, five, six, and seven years respec- 
 tively. The treasurer of the State was directed to 
 pay, on the warrant of the comptroller, to the trustees 
 named in the act such sum or sums of money as might 
 be required for the building of said asylum, such 
 sum or sums of money in the aggregate not to exceed 
 $150,000 ; but that said sum or sums of money should 
 not be paid until it was proven to the satisfaction of 
 the comptroller that $150,000 had been subscribed 
 by private persons, and actually paid in cash, to be 
 applied to the purchase of a site and the construction 
 and maintenance of the asylum. 
 
 In January, 1871, a bill was presented to the Senate, 
 entitled an act to amend an act passed April 28, 1870, 
 "to establish a State lunatic asylum upon the princi- 
 ples of the homieopathic, in Middletown, county of 
 Orange," and became a law March 31, 1871, having 
 passed both houses of the Legislature and received 
 the signature of the Governor. 
 
 This amendment made it the duty of the treasurer 
 of the State to pay, on the warrant of the comptroller, 
 to the trustees named in the act, whenever it was 
 proven to the satisfaction of the comptroller that they 
 (the trustees) had selected a suitable site for the loca- 
 tion of the institution and paid for the same, and 
 that a good and warranty deed had been made out to 
 the State, the sum of twenty thousand dollars for 
 every ten thousand dollars subscribed by private per- 
 sons or municipalities, and actually paid in cash, and 
 having been used for the purchase of a site and the 
 construction and maintenance of said asylum. Such 
 sum or sums of money in the aggregate not to exceed 
 $150,000. 
 
 A site was chosen for the asylum on a farm of 150 
 acres, located about a mile to the westward of the 
 village of Middletown, — a spot which commends its 
 selection by the beauty of the views which it com- 
 mands, its excellent and healthful sur- 
 roundings, its admirable facilities for 
 drainage, supply of water, and ease of 
 access. 
 
 The site chosen was secured by the 
 trustees, and paid for by private sub- 
 scriptions, and the Legislature has 
 made from time to time such appro- 
 priations as were necessary for the 
 erection of suitable buildings for the 
 purposes of the asylum, and for beauti- 
 fying the grounds. 
 
 The main building accommodates all the adminis- 
 trative ofiicers and ninety patients. It is 166 feet 
 long by 62 feet deep, and four stories high, exclusive 
 of attic and basement, each floor affording an area of 
 
 ham, John F. Gray, Homer Ramsdell, Abraham B. 
 
 Conger, J. Stanton Gould, Alonzo R. Morgan, and 12,000 square feet. Its architecture is of the Rhenish 
 
\ 
 
 
 V Vv-^ ['^^JL iUrA..,.,.vO 
 
 A^c.(L. 
 
 e«-^V3 
 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 455 
 
 style, combining an appearance of strength with a 
 certain lightness and cheerfulness of efl'ect, which is 
 in marl^ed contrast to the sombre heaviness not in- ; 
 frequently observable in asylum buildings. The edi- 
 fice is of the best brick, with Ohio stone dressings, 
 and from its front a boldly jirojecting tower furnishes 
 a. porte-cochere to the ])rincipal entrance, gives addi- 
 tional space to the elegant music-room on the second 
 floor and the chapel on the third floor, and rises to a 
 height of ninety feet from the ground. 
 
 This building was completed and opened to receive 
 patients on the 20th day of April, 1874. Dr. George 
 F. Foote having resigned the position, Henry R. 
 Stiles, M.D,, was appointed medical superintendent. 
 
 The following were the officers : Fletcher Harper, 
 president; Grinnell Burt, vice-president; Peter S. 
 Hoe, treasurer; M. D. Stivers, secretary. 
 
 Trustees, Drs. T. F. Allen, Joshua Draper, John 
 F. Gray, D. C. Jayne, E. D. Jones, E. M. Kellogg, J. 
 W. Ostrom, H. M. Paine, William E. Watson ; A. B. 
 Conger, John Cowilry, James (i. Graham, H. R. Low, 
 D. D. T. Marshall, Daniel Thompson, Salem H. 
 Wales, E. P. Wheeler. 
 
 The first asylum start' was as follows : Henry R. 
 Stiles, M.D., medical superintendent; William M. 
 Butler, M.D., first assistant physician ; John Coch- 
 ran, steward. 
 
 Pavilion No. 1, as it is designated for convenience, 
 was opened for the reception of patients in 1876, and 
 is devoted entirely to that purpose. It is 204 feet in 
 length, and three stories in height above the b&se- 
 ment, with wing on the southerly end 65 feet deep, 
 and on the northerly end a wing 70 feet deep, and is 
 built of brick and half-timbered work, so constructed 
 as to give it the appearance of three distinct villas, 
 slightly connected by balconies and glass-covered 
 galleries, thus avoiding the prison-like style gener- 
 ally followed in similar institutions. 
 
 Externally, this pavilion is considered even more 
 attractive than the main building. Charming, how- 
 ever, as its exterior is to the eye, the interior arrange- 
 ment is still more graceful and home-like ; indeed, the 
 "home-like" has been, and will be, a sine qua non in 
 the planning of all the building of the asylum. 
 
 By an act of the Legislature passed June 21, 1875, 
 the board was changed both as to its numbers and 
 composition. The number of trustees thereafter were 
 to be thirteen, and Fletcher Harper, Jr., and Egbert 
 Guernsey, of New York ; Grinnell Burt, of Warwick ; 
 .Toshua Draper, Nathaniel W. Vail, LTzal T. Hayes, 
 James B. Hulse, James H. Norton, Moses D. Stivers, 
 of Middletown ; James G. Graham, of Newburgh ; 
 Daniel Thompson, of Thompson's Ridge ; H. M. 
 Paine, of Albany ; and William H. Watson, of Utica, 
 were the persons named as trustees. 
 
 At the first meeting of said trustees they shall draw 
 by lots in order to divide themselves as nearly as may 
 be into three equal classes; one class of five shall 
 hold office for two years, and one class of four shall 
 
 hold office for three years, and one class of four shall 
 hold office for four years respectively. 
 
 Feb. 9, 1877, Dr. Henry R. Stiles resigned his posi- 
 tion as medical superintendent of the asylum, and in 
 the month of April following Dr. Selden H. Talcott, 
 the newly-elected medical superintendent, assumed 
 charge of the institution, and continues in this ca- 
 pacity. 
 
 Pavilion No. 2 is now nearing its completion. It 
 is built with a view of great' stability and con- 
 venience, being about the same dimensions, similar 
 in architecture, and built of like material as pavilion 
 No. 1. To the eye it apjjcars grand and beautiful. It 
 is built in a substantial and workmanlike manner in 
 every particular. The turrets are somewhat dirt'erent 
 in form, size, and design from those on pavilion No. 
 1, which adds very much to the general appearance, 
 gracefulness, and beauty of the structure. 
 
 It may also be considered as a building of four 
 stories, the fourth, or attic story (unlike pavilion No. 
 1 ), being finished into pleasant, well-ventilated, cheer- 
 fiil rooms for greater convenience, and for the accom- 
 modation of a larger number of patients. 
 
 Externally this pavilion, when completed, in its 
 grand, majestic appearance, will be considered the 
 peer of its associates. 
 
 The interior arrangements are somewhat ditferent 
 from pavilion No. 1, having been arranged with a 
 view to greater convenience, and will be considered, 
 if possible, more graceful, more convenient, and more 
 home-like than its predecessor. It will be completed 
 for the reception of patients in the early part of the 
 coming summer. 
 
 The present management of the asylum is as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Trustees : Fletcher Harper, president ; Grinnell 
 Burt, vice-presideut ; M. D. Stivers, secretary ; Uzal 
 T. Hayes, treasurer; Egbert Guernsey, M.D., Daniel 
 Thompson, James H. Norton, Hon. John G. Wilkin, 
 Joshua Draper, M.D., Hon. James G. Graham, Hon. 
 William Herring, William Vanamee, Hiram J. Sibley, 
 Jr. Officers of the asylum : Selden H. Talcott, A.M., 
 M.D., medical superintendent ; Wm. M. Butler, A.M., 
 M.D., first assistant physician; C. Spencer Kinney^ 
 M.D., second assistant physician ; Miss Georgie Hor- 
 ton, lady assistant ; John Cochran, steward. 
 
 Selden H. Talcott, A.M., M.D., was born in 
 Rome, N. Y., July 7, 1842. He was brought up on a 
 farm, and received the ordinary common-school and 
 academic education, such as is usually accorded to 
 fiirmers' sons. In 1863 he attended the commence- 
 ment exercises at Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y'., 
 and from that time determined to acquire a collegiate 
 education. In one year he prepared for and entered 
 college. Shortly after this he enlisted in the Fifteenth 
 New York Volunteers, engineers, and served in the 
 Union army for about one year, receiving at the close 
 of the war an honorable discharge. Ou returning 
 from the South, in 1865, he re-entered college, and 
 
456 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 graduated in the class of 1869. During his academic 
 course he toolc prizes in English composition and 
 declamation. During his college course he received 
 appointments as prize speaker and Clark prize orator. 
 During his senior year at college he was one of the 
 editors of the H<itnilton Oimpus, a college weekly. 
 After graduating from Hamilton College he began 
 the study of medicine with Dr. E. A. Munger, Water- 
 ville, N. Y. After pursuing the required three years' 
 course of study, and having taken two courses of 
 medical lectures at the New York Homeopathic 
 Medical College, he graduated from that institution 
 in 1872 with the highest standing in a class of thirty- 
 six. During Ids last course of lectures he was elected 
 president of tlie College Quiz Society, and was also 
 at the close of the term unanimously chosen valedic- 
 torian of the class. After graduating he returned to 
 Waterville, N. Y., and formed a partnership with Dr. 
 Blunger, with whom he practiced medicine for about 
 three and a half years. In September, 187.5, Dr. Tal- 
 cott was appointed chief of stafi" of the Homreopathic 
 Charity Hospital, located at Ward's Island, N. Y. 
 He remained in charge of that institution, perform- 
 ing the duties of medical superintendent in the New 
 York City Asylum for Inebriates, and in the Soldiers' 
 Retreat at New York, until April 24, 1877. Then he 
 resigned to accept the position of medical superin- 
 tendent of the New York State Homceopathic Asylum 
 for the Insane, which latter position had been ten- 
 dered him by an unanimous vote of the board of 
 trustees of that institution. Siace that time he has 
 been, and still is, in charge of the above-named 
 asylum. Under liis management the institution has 
 become self-sustaining, and the percentage of recov- 
 eries shows in a most favorable light the i Hicacy of 
 homoeopathic treatment for the insane. 
 
 In public aifairs Dr. Talcott has always taken an 
 active interest. During the campaigns of 1868 and 
 1S72 he made stump speeches in behalf of the Re- 
 publican cause in the county of Oneida. He served 
 at various times as delegate to county and district 
 conventions. Since assuming charge of public insti- 
 tutions he has refrained from active political work, 
 whilst cherishing an abiding interest in the fortunes 
 of the Republican party. Dr. Talcott is a member 
 of various medical societies. At present he is presi- 
 dent of the New York State Homoeopathic Medical 
 Society, and of the Orange County Homoeopathic 
 Medical Society. In 1875 he was president of the 
 Oneida County Homceopathic Medical Society. In 
 1876 he was elected a member of the New York ! 
 County Homteopathic Medical Society ; he is also a 
 member of the American Institute of Homceopathy, 
 a national organization, and is also corresponding , 
 fellow of the New York Medico-Chirurgical Society. 
 In 1879 he was appointed a member of the State 
 Board of Medical I>xaminers by the regents of the ' 
 University of New York. Dr. Talcott has been for ; 
 some years known to the public as a writer and a 
 
 speaker. He has delivered lectures to the general 
 ])ublic and before various societies and literary organi- 
 zations. Among the medical topics upon which he 
 has written, some of which have been published in 
 pamphlet form, are the following : " Prognosis in In- 
 sanity," "General Paresis," "Medical Notes on the 
 Treatment of the Insane," "Mania, its Causes, Course, 
 and Treatment," " Melancholia with Stupor," " Phi- 
 mosis in its Relations to Insanity," " Delusions of the 
 Insane," " The Insane Diathesis," and " Sleep without 
 Narcotics." 
 
 VII.-CHUECHES. 
 FIR.ST CONGREGATIONAL CHI7RCH.« 
 
 This church was organized June 10, 1785. It then 
 consisted of a few members from the scattered popu- 
 lation (who were chiefly emigrants from Long Island), 
 gathered into a church relation by the Rev. Charles 
 Seeley, who came to this place from Newton, N. J. 
 In 1792, the seventh year of its history, there were 
 36 members ; the original deacons were James Reeve 
 and Eli Corwin. 
 
 The society was incorporated Aug. 12, 1786, under 
 the title of the " First Congregational Church of Mid- 
 dletown, in the precinct of Wallkill and county of 
 Ulster." The original trustees, chosen at that date, 
 were James Reeve, Jonathan Owen, Nathaniel Wells, 
 Samuel Wickham, Wm. Carpenter, and Eli Corwin. 
 Nathaniel Landon was chosen clerk, and Nathaniel 
 Wells treasurer. 
 
 The same year the first house of worsliip erected in 
 Middletown was built by the Congregational Society, 
 on land provided by John Green in his will,t dated 
 Dec. 12, 1784, for the sum of £3, which sum was paid 
 to said Green's executors, who confirmed the same to 
 the society by deed bearing date April 10, 1786, 
 giving title to one-half acre of land, to which was 
 added fifteen and one-fifth square rods of land by 
 deed from Jonathan Owen for the sum of five shil- 
 lings, bearing date July 12, 1786. Some portion of 
 each of the above-named purchases was used for the 
 highway. The house was enclosed that year but not 
 finished, and continued to be used for worship in an 
 unfinished state about ten years. 
 
 Feb. 12, 1796, an inventory of the society's prop- 
 erty was taken by the trustees and recorded as fol- 
 lows : " One-half acre of land and meeting-house 
 thereon, valued at £150. Voted that £10 be raised to 
 move the house back from the street, and also voted 
 to finish the interior of the same and sell the seats to 
 pay the expense." A second inventory was taken 
 and recorded Feb. 27, 1799, of property belonging to 
 the First Congregational Society of Middletown, in 
 the words following, to wit : "One-half acre of land 
 
 * Furnished by tlie officers of the church. 
 
 t The language of the will might be interpreted as implying that the 
 church was constituted some two years earlier (or at least one year) than 
 June 10, 1785, but the officers give the usual statement of the manual. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 457 
 
 and meeting-house thereon, finished, valued at £200, 
 certified according to law, Jacob Dunning, clerk." 
 
 This was the only house of worship in Middletown 
 for more than forty years. 
 
 The society was prosperous; additions were fre- 
 quently made to the church, particularly in 1815, 
 when, as the result of a revival, 120 were received to 
 its communion. 
 
 In 1825 the membership of the church was 2(57, of 
 whom more than 100 were males. At this time it had 
 been the custom for the society to vote from time to 
 time, granting to other denominations the use of the 
 house for worship when not occupied by themselves. 
 This gave rise and created a desire in some of its 
 members to change the church polity from Congrega- 
 tional to Presbyterian. 
 
 Under the ministrations of the Rev. George Steb- 
 bins, a Presbyterian minister, a proposition was made 
 in meeting, Aug. 25, 1825, to change the church order 
 and adopt the Presbyterian platform, and after re- 
 peated and persistent attempts to accomplish the 
 same, meetings being adjourned from time to time, 
 Sept. 29, 1825, a vote of fifteen out of the whole 
 membership was obtained in favor of said change. 
 Only nine of those opposed being present to vote 
 against the measure, entered their protest against the 
 proceedings as being unwarranted and illegal. 
 
 The society continued to worship in the same house, 
 under the ministrations of the Rev. George Stebbins, 
 until March 19, 1S27, and still further, under Rev. 
 Donald Mcintosh, until September, 1829, and also 
 under Rev. Daniel T. Wood, until May, 1830, wheu 
 those of the Presbyterian order commenced to wor- 
 ship in their new house, located on Orchard Street. 
 
 As a result of this separation, however, the old Con- 
 gregational meeting-house was illegally demolished 
 by the Presbyterians, July 26, 1833, and on August 
 3d following a prosecution was commenced by the 
 Congregationalists against the trespassers. On the 
 28th of the same month the Congregational society 
 voted to build a new house of worship, 50 by 40 feet, 
 upon the site of the former one, and to finish the 
 same with a gallery. 
 
 April 20, 1834, the whole matter of dispute between 
 the two societies was settled by articles of agree- 
 ment, in which the Presbyterian society acknowl- 
 edged their trespass and made reparation. 
 
 The new meeting-house was erected in 1834, but 
 not finished. John T. Ludlum and Thomas Van 
 Horn were the builders, at a cost of $1260. In 1836 
 the interior of the house was finished by contract 
 with Isaac Mills for $800, to which a bell was subse- 
 quently added, and the house was dedicated July 14, 
 18.36. The sermon on the occasion was delivered by 
 the Rev. Joseph Harrison, of Broadway Tabernacle, 
 New York City, and on the following Sabbath, July 
 17th, the house was occupied for worship, when the 
 church-members renewed their covenant in a solemn 
 manner and the Lord's Supper was administered. 
 30 
 
 This house continued to be occupied by the society 
 until 1871 , when it was removed to make way for the 
 present edifice, which was erected during that and 
 the following year, the dimensions of which are 100 
 by 60 feet, besides abutments, with a lecture-room 
 attached 70 by 30 feet, the whole in Gothic style, 
 requiring 600,000 bricks, with Syracuse stone trim- 
 ming, covered with a slate roof and ornamented with 
 a spire 185 feet high. The corner-stone, which is of 
 the Syracuse variety, with a cavity containing an air- 
 tight copper box, in which some documents were 
 placed, was, on Thursday, May 1(), 1872, laid in the 
 foundation at the southeast corner of the building, in 
 a conspicuous position, with appropriate ceremonies, 
 the Rev. Dr. Taylor, of the Broadway Tabernacle, of 
 New York City, officiating on the occasion. 
 
 The architect was I. G. Perry, of Binghamton, 
 N. Y., and Peter H. Terhune, of the same place, was 
 the contractor. Building committee, Wickham C. 
 McNish, Selah R. Corwin, Stephen S. Conkling, John 
 M. Hanford, and Oliver P. Reeve. 
 
 This house, with its appointments, not including 
 grounds, cost the large sum of •'?49,9(t0, which has 
 been nearly all paid. A small amount still remaining 
 unpaid is mostly provided for by subscriptions. The 
 church was dedicated Oct. 22, 1873 ; the sermon on 
 the occasion was delivered by the Rev. Henry Ward 
 Beecher, of Brooklyn , N. Y. The present officers are 
 as follows : Pastor, Rev. Frederick R. Marvin ; Dea- 
 cons, Daniel Ogden, elected 1840 ; Selah R. Corwin, 
 1850 ; Menander Sands, 18.50 ; Samuel C. Mapes, 
 1868; Gilbert L. Parsons, 1877; Oliver P. Reeve, 
 1877. Trustees, John M. Hanford, Wickham C. Mc- 
 Nish, Selah R. Corwin, Oliver P. Reeve, James B. 
 Crawford, Samuel C. Mapes, and Frederick W. Lowe. 
 Treasurer, Oliver P. Reeve. 
 
 The number of members, as per manual, is 238, 
 males 90, females 148, quite a number of whom are 
 absent ; number of families, about 100. There is also 
 a flourishing Sabbath-school connected with the 
 church numbering 212 pupils, O. Clark Crawford, 
 superintendent. 
 
 The church edifice has a commanding and elegant 
 
 ' appearance, being centrally located on rising ground 
 
 near the centre of the town, convenient of access, 
 
 thereby exhibiting the wisdom and forethought of the 
 
 early settlers in its location. 
 
 I The following is a list of the ministers employed 
 
 i by the society from its commencement to the present 
 
 ' time : 
 
 I June 10, 1785, to June 10, 1797, Rev. Charles Seeley ; Nov. 27, 1797, to 
 Aug. 4, 1803, Rev. Wm. M. Smith ; Jan. 1, 1805, to June 7, 1807, Rev, 
 
 ' Wm. Bull; Aug. 26, 1807, to Aug. 20, 1812, Rov. Allen Blair; Sept. 
 
 12, 1812, to June 9, 1819, Rev. Abel Jackson ; April 15, 1820, to April 
 20, 1822, Rev. William Blain; Feb. 1, 1824, to Sept. 29, 1825, Rev. 
 Geo. Stebbins; Nov. 1, 1836, to Oct. 1, 1837, John Fishpool; Dec. 1, 
 1837, to Oct. 8, 1838, Rev. Michael La Cost ; Nov. 2, 1838, to April 3, 
 1841, Rev. Charles Machin ; May 26, 1842, to June 26, 1845, Rev. 
 Harris Eighter; June 20, 1845, to July 30, 1846, John C. Tenett; 
 Nov. 12, 1846. to June 26, 1851, Rev, Lewis C. Lockwood ; Oct. 5, 
 1851, to Aug. 31, 1854, Samuel Y. Lum; Aug. 31, 1854, to May 1, 
 
458 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 1835, Rev. Geo. W. Tinilow; Oct. 1, 1855, to Nov. 13, 1859, Kev. 
 Daniel Lancaster; April 1, ISGCI, to Sept, 1, 1868, Rev. Jouallian 
 Crane; Dec. 24, 1868, to July 1, 1876, Kev. Charles A. Harvey; Oct. 
 1, 1S75, Jonathan Crane, died Dec. 25, 1877; April 18, 1878, F. E. 
 Marvin, present pastor. 
 
 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF HOWELL'S IJEPOT. 
 
 For the dates of incorporation of this society see 
 chapter upon Mount Hope, as it was located within 
 that town down to about 1847. 
 
 This organization is said to be the second Congre- 
 gational Church formed in the State of New York, 
 the first being upon Long Island. The earliest book 
 of records is a valuable memorial not only of this 
 one church, but of the usages of Congregational 
 Churches one hundred years ago. Upon its venerable, 
 time-stained pages is recorded a full confession of 
 faith, and a covenant to which the first members not 
 only assented in solemn public form, but affixed their 
 signatures to the engrossed copy. The record is 
 simple, the foundation of a vij^ible church of Jesus 
 'Christ being entered in these few words: 
 
 ** Memorandum of the proceedings of the church begun in New 
 Shawangunk, Jul.v 3, 1782. 
 
 '* Messrs. Eliab Farnahani, Enos Woodward, Sr., and wife, Joseph 
 Smith and wife, Elijah Reeve, Jr., unite and agree that a cliurch meet- 
 ing be held the first Wednesday in every succeeding month." 
 
 August 7th it is recorded that the conference 
 opened by prayer, and it was agreed that an orderly 
 freedom be given to exhort, i)rovided they be judged 
 of sound principles and good morals, in the absence 
 of a minister. 
 
 Discussion ensued on the usefulness of reading. 
 It was agreed that at all times it may be profitable to 
 meet on the Sabbath-day to perform acts of divine 
 worship, as prayer, praise, etc., and to read the works 
 of pious authors approved as orthodox; this to be 
 done in the absence of a minister. Discussion ensued 
 on the profitableness of exhortation after a minister's 
 conclusion ; not granted to be generally useful, but 
 if done, to be done orderly, forbearing any enlarge- 
 ment or comment upon the minister's discourse. Ap- 
 pointments were also made as follows: Mr. Eliab 
 Farnaham to be moderator, to open meeting, etc., 
 and to be chorister ; Mr. Enos Woodward, vice- 
 chorister ; Thomas White, schoolmaster, to be reader 
 in the absence of a minister, and to give out the 
 psalms; Mr. Joseph Smith, vice do.; these persons 
 being nominated to l)e ofl'ered to the first full meeting 
 of the congregation for choice. 
 
 Oct. 2, 1782. — It was decided that only members of 
 the church should be present when candidates were 
 examined. This question, however, caused much 
 subsequent discussion. 
 
 Feb. 12, 1783, Frances, daughter of Elijali and 
 Mary Reeve, was baptized. This indicates that some 
 minister was with them on this occasion. Mr. Tim- 
 othy Coleman was examined, and having subscribed 
 to the articles was admitted a member. 
 
 Elizabeth Ames was also examined, but being un- 
 
 baptized was continued as a candidate. Thomas 
 White was examined; "present Mr. Scale;" this 
 doubtless implied that he was a minister. 
 
 Wednesday, April 2, 1783. — Inquired into the pro- 
 priety of female members " having or not a voice in 
 church debates." Deferred for future consideration. 
 
 Aug. 6, 1783.— Departed this life. Mary, wife of Eli- 
 jah Reeve, a member of this church, remarkable for 
 patience, piety, and resignation. 
 
 Considerable discussion was had with reference to 
 the obtaining of a pastor. These few Christians in 
 the wilderness, faithful to the traditions of their 
 fathers and the freedom of the New England Church, 
 had instituted a church of their own without priest 
 or prelate, owing allegiance to no head save Jesus 
 Christ the only Lord of the conscience. 
 
 April 18, 1784. — Mr. Constant preached as a candi- 
 date ; highly approved. 
 
 May 2. — Mr. Shepherd preached ; esteemed as a 
 promising gospel minister, but Mr. Constant bears 
 the greatest sway in the minds of the people. About 
 this time a part desired to settle a Baptist minister, 
 one Mr. West. 
 
 Oct. 2, 1784. — Received as members Thomas White, 
 Elizz White, Job Smith, Kezia Skinner. Rev. Mr. 
 Lewis preached the sermon this day. 
 
 Oct. 13, 1784. — Mr. Mapes (first name not given) 
 was admitted an occasional communicant at the Lord's 
 Supper, which was celebrated. 
 
 The same day there was baptized Eliab, Stephen, 
 Joshua, children of Eliab Farnaham, and Jane, a 
 daughter of Timothy Coleman. 
 
 The record adds, " This was the first time the Lord's 
 Supper had ever been administered in these parts." 
 .\fter sermon all the members stood up and assented 
 to the confession and covenant. Mr. Joseph Corwin 
 was received as a member. 
 
 Jan. 28, 178.5. — Mr. John St. John was received. 
 In 1791, Nov. 8th, a vote was taken authorizing Rev. 
 B. Bradnerto request of Morris County Presbytery for 
 a minister, viz., for Mr. Abel Jackson. There are 
 some evidences that this church was either for a part 
 of the earlier years Presbyterian or perhaps simply 
 had close fraternal relations with Presbyterian 
 Churches, and acted to a certain extent with Morris 
 County Pre.sbytery.'* 
 
 It is difficult to determine from the records much 
 about the succession of pastors. Rev. Mr. Lewis 
 seems to have preached at various times, but he was 
 probably tlie pastor of some neighboring church. 
 
 The early roll of members did not fill up rapidly. 
 It comprised, previous to 1803, only the following: 
 
 Joseph Smith, Mary Smith, Eli.iah Reeve, EnOB Woodward, Mary Wood- 
 ward, Eliab Farnaham, 1782 ; Timothy Coleman, 178:i ; Thos. White, 
 Elizz 'White, Job Smith, Joshua Corwin, Sr., 1784; Moses Smith, 
 Mrs. Moses Smith, Samuel Mapes, Jr., 1785; Keziah Mapes, Mary 
 Mapes, Selah Mapes, Mary Shaw, Kezia Skinner, 1786 ; Wm. Penny, 
 Sr., 17aO; Martha Vail, Mary Kelly, 180.'!. 
 
 * See Firat Preabyterian Church of Mount Hope. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 459 
 
 Possibly the church may have been partially asso- 
 ciated with the old Presbyterian Church of Pine 
 Plains, now Mount Hope village. 
 
 March 23, 1796, it was voted "to unite with the 
 church and society at Middletown to obtain Mr. 
 Smith for one year (as he had for one quarter) to 
 preach to us." 
 
 It is probable the " old yellow meeting-house " at 
 Mapestown was built in 1809 or 1810. Most of the 
 meetings are recorded as having been held at the 
 school-house, but about that time the meeting-house 
 is mentioned. 
 
 In 1810, David Corwin and Erastus Mapes were 
 deacons ; David Corwin, 8elah Mapes, Jonathan 
 Coleman, trustees. The removal of the society to 
 Howell's, and the building of a new house of worship 
 at the latter place, occurred about 1847. The house 
 has been kept in excellent repair. 
 
 The pastors during the later years of the church 
 have been Rev. George Turner, for several years ; Rev. 
 Azel Downs ; Rev. Moses H. Wilder, four years or 
 more; Rev. George J. Means, for thirteen years, his 
 service being terminated by his death. The last 
 pastor was Rev. Coles R. Wilkin, who also died after 
 nearly three years of service. The pulpit is now va- 
 cant. The presentofficers (December, 1880) areC. H. 
 Mapes, clerk; W. H. Mapes, chorister; Benjamin 
 Mapes, S. W. Waller, standing committee ; G. Otis, 
 superintendent of the Sunday-school ; J. T. Mapes, 
 assistant ; S. E. Mapes, Amzi Mapes, and Wm. E. 
 Mapes, deacons ; Herbert Dolsen, S. S. Mapes, Asa 
 Mapes, G. E. Putney, Andrew T. Bertholf, trustees. 
 
 There must have been an early parsonage at Mapes- 
 town, as in the records of 1784-85 relating to the pro- 
 posed settlement of a Baptist minister, one party 
 charges the other with being about " to seize the par- 
 sonage." In later years, before the removal to How- 
 ell's, there was a parsonage, which was sold and the 
 proceeds used to buy one here. The present parson- 
 age was built in 1863 or 1864, at a cost of about $3000. 
 
 THE PRIMITIVE BAPTIST CHURCH, MIDDLETOWN, 
 was incorporated May 29, 1871. The certificate was 
 signed by Gilbert Beebe and Benton Jenkins. The 
 trustees named were Hiram Horton, William Inman, 
 Harrison Thompson, Benton L. Beebe, G. A. Emory, 
 and Benton Jenkins. 
 
 This was a legal step, seeming to be necessary at the 
 time of building the new house of worship in the 
 village of Middletown, but the society is venerable in 
 years, as shown in the following notice, written by 
 Elder Gilbert Beebe. Of this aged Christian la- 
 borer we desire to add a remark from his letter ac- 
 companying the history furnished. He says, — 
 
 " I have held the pastoml care at New Vernon* fifty-four yearn latt May. 
 My predecessor, Elder Motitayne, and myself more than eUjidy-seven 
 years. I have also suiiplied the Middletoivn and Wallkill Chtirch fifty, 
 one yearSf and I am now in the eightieth year of my age." 
 
 * See chapter on Mount Hope. 
 
 This length of service in one pastorate is probably 
 without a parallel in the county. Father Beebe is 
 the senior pastor in all this section. His vigor in 
 Christian work, and his interest in everything per- 
 taining to the church, is shown by the fact that he 
 was one of the first to respond to our circular asking 
 for church histories, and promptly sent, in the tremu- 
 lous handwriting of age, a well-written notice of both 
 the Middletown and New Vernon Churches. A man 
 of firm convictions and positive character, he never- 
 theless commands the respect of the entire community. 
 
 The Old-School or Primitive Baptist Church of 
 Middletown and Wallkill was constituted at Middle- 
 town, Oct. 4, 1792. The constituent members were 
 John Green, Daniel Green, Martin L. Corwin, John 
 Cook, Silas Brown, Uriah Hulse, Ezra Witter, Cor- 
 nelius Brewster, James Springsted, Isaac Kimmy, 
 Silas Hulse, Joseph Brundage, Elihu Caney, Sarah 
 Cook, Sarah Brown, Abigail Hulse, Chloe Green, 
 Sarah Green, Patience Witter, Louis Preston, Phebe 
 Davis, Mariam Brisinten, Mary Hoyt. Jeremiah 
 Thomas, Phebe Springsted, Margaret Hulse, Marga- 
 ret Remraey, Martha Brundage, Sorberah Rich, Abi- 
 gail Corwin, John Finch, Enos Finch, 30 in all. 
 
 The first deacons were Silas Hulse and John Green. 
 This church continued to hold meetings statedly in 
 the free meeting-house in Middletown, in which 
 they had a joint interest with the Congregatioualists, 
 until about 1820, when, to accommodate members liv- 
 ing north of the village, they built a frame meeting- 
 house about two and three-quarter miles north of 
 Middletown, at what is now called Rockville, which 
 house is still standing as a part of the property of the 
 church, but at present unoccupied, the church hav- 
 ing, in 1871, erected a new brick house for public 
 worship on the corner of Roberts and Cottage Streets, 
 in Middletown, where all the stated meetings are now 
 held. This house is 05 by 45, with front gallery and 
 basement, and cost about 4^11,000. 
 
 Elder Thomas P. Terry was pastor until his death, 
 which occurred about fifty years ago. The church 
 has been supplied since that time with the pastoral 
 labors of Elder Gilbert Beebe, who still supplies the 
 pulpit every Sunday at three o'clock p.m., conjointly 
 with his appointments at ten a.m. on the same days 
 at Kew Vernon. The present number of communi- 
 cants is 105. The present officers are : Deacons, Hiram 
 Horton and William Inman ; Elder Benton Jenkins, 
 clerk. The present board of trustees are Deacon 
 Hiram Horton, president ; John L. Halt, secretary ; 
 Benton L. Beebe, treasurer ; Dr. G. A. Emery, Harri- 
 son Thompson, Deacon William Inman. 
 
 At the time of the erection of the Wallkill church 
 in the Rockville neighborhood the Primitive Baptists 
 filed a new certificate of incorporation, dated Dec. 10, 
 1821. The proceedings were signed by Thomas P. 
 Terry and Silas D. Horton, as inspectors of the elec- 
 tion, and the trustees chosen were David Reynolds, 
 Nathan Slauson, Hiram Horton, Elihu Cary, Daniel 
 
460 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 W. Moore, and Christian Shons. The meeting was 
 held at the school-house of No. 16.* 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF SCOTCHTOWN. 
 
 The inhabitants of this neighborhood, moved by a 
 desire to secure the means of grace, provided them- 
 .selves with a house of worship some time before a 
 church was organized. In answer to a public call, a 
 large number of people assembled at the house of 
 George Houston on Dec. 24, 1795. 
 
 Col. Wm. Faulkner was appointed chairman of the 
 meeting, and it was resolved that a subscription be 
 opened for building a meeting-house at the corner of 
 the roads above the house of George Houston. It 
 was also resolved that the new congregation should be 
 under the care of the General Assembly of the Pres- 
 byterian Church. 
 
 The first trustees were Jacob Mills, Patice Bodle, 
 Samuel Dunning, Edward McNeil, John McCarter, 
 Peter McLaughlin, and George Houston. This board 
 was appointed at the house of George Houston in 
 January, 1796. They employed Mr. Daniel Denton 
 to inclose and paint a meeting-house, and he began 
 his work June 1, 1797. 
 
 The house was raised July 1, 1797, and inclosed 
 and painted by September 12th following. 
 
 In this condition it remained — without plastering, 
 without pews, without pulpit, and without stoves — 
 until 1806. In September, 1806, the trustees agreed 
 with Daniel Denton to finish the inside of the meet- 
 ing-house for the sum of $515. 
 
 After standing for a period of fifty-seven years, the 
 old church was succeeded by the present one. On 
 Jan. 24, 1854, the board of trustees contracted with 
 Mr. T. H. Lukey to build the present edifice. 
 
 The precise date of the organization of the church 
 is not known. On April 19, 1798, Messrs. Jacob 
 Mills and George Houston appeared before Presby- 
 tery as commissioners from a Presbyterian Church in 
 the town of Wallkill, and requested that said church 
 be taken under the care of Presbytery, and that sup- 
 plies might be appointed them. 
 
 At the same meeting Rev. Nathan Kerr, of Goshen, 
 Mr. Johns, of Florida, and Mr. King, of Goodwill, 
 were appointed to supply the pulpit one Sabbath each. 
 Mr. Kerr, of Goshen, preached the first sermon in the 
 old church. 
 
 April 17, 1799, Rev. Methuselah Baldwin was ap- 
 pointed to preach as a supply for one-third of his 
 time. This he did until April 20, 180.3, when he re- 
 ceived a call from the church, and was installed June 
 30, 1803. Rev. Mr. Freeman preached and gave 
 charge to people, and Mr. Kerr the charge to the 
 pastor. On the same day the following persons were 
 elected to the office of ruling elder: John White, 
 Peter McLaughlin, David R. Arnell, and George 
 Houston, who, with Ephraim Everett, Adam Mills- 
 
 * Since this was written, Elder Beebe has been added to the list of 
 those who " were but are not." He died in the spring of 1881. 
 
 paugh, and Enos Ayers, were ordained on June 16, 
 1804. 
 
 Several revivals occurred during the ministry of 
 Mr. Baldwin. The most marked periods of special 
 religious interest were in 1815, 1820, and 1830. In 
 the fall of 1838 he was laid aside from public labors 
 by the increasing infirmities of old age, and died 
 Feb. 27, 1847. 
 
 On March 21, 1839, a call was given to Mr. E. D. G. 
 Prime, who remained in charge of the church until 
 Dec. 15, 1851. On Nov. 4, 1852, Mr. David Beattie, 
 having accepted a call from the church, was ordained 
 and installed as pastor by the Presbytery of Hudson. 
 Rev. John Johnston, of Newburgh, opened the service 
 with prayer. Dr. Snodgrass, of Goshen, preached the 
 sermon. The constitutional questions were proposed 
 by Rev. D. N. Freeland, of Monroe. The ordinary 
 prayer was offered by Rev. J. H. Leggat, of Hope- 
 well. The charge to the pastor was given by Rev. R. 
 H. Beattie, and the charge to the people by Rev. E. 
 D. G. Prime. 
 
 The elders who have served since the original session 
 have passed away are Stephen Harlow, Sr., James 
 Boak, Samuel Jlillspaugh, John McWilliams, Jason 
 Corwin, Joshua Hornbeck, Joseph Slaughter, James 
 McWilliams, Archibald Slaughter, Stephen Harlow, 
 Chas. Conner, Alanson Slaughter, Morris Lee, Gilbert 
 Corwin, and George Wallace. 
 
 THE CONGREGATION OF UNION CHURCH AT NEW 
 SHAWANGUNK 
 
 effected a legal organization Sept. 23, 1799. The cer- 
 tificate was signed by Joseph Crawford and Samuel 
 Faulkner, two of the elders of said church, and the 
 trustees named in this instrument were Daniel String- 
 ham, John Newkirk, Thomas Burns, Isaiah Vail, Jr., 
 Robert Smith, John Still, William Stubbs, John 
 Weed, and John Puff'. 
 
 This society executed a new certificate March 16, 
 1801. The paper was signed by John Stitt and Wil- 
 liam Douglass, inspectors of election, and the trustees 
 named therein were John Newkirk, Benjamin Simons, 
 William Morrison, William Stubbs, Daniel Stringham, 
 and Robert Crawford. 
 
 This neighborhood was south of the Newburgh and 
 Cochecton turnpike, between Fair Oaks and Bloom- 
 ingburgh 'about half-way, near where Prosperous Val- 
 ley Creamery is now situated. 
 
 This church had a house of worship, known as the 
 "old Union House," on the present Shearer place, 
 near the Uloomingburgh Mills. The cemetery still in- 
 dicates the site of the early meeting-house. 
 
 THE SECOND METHODIST EPISCOPAL. BETTER 
 KNOWN AS .MOUNT JOHNSON CHURCH.f 
 
 A small band of people in the vicinity of Circle- 
 ville wishing to establish a Methodist Church near 
 them, met April 16, 1846, and incorporated themselves 
 
 t By Miss Sarah B. Wilkison. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 461 
 
 in a body, electing Enos Ayers, Augustus M. Winters, 
 James White, Charles Scott, and John Eedfield as 
 trustees of this " Methodist Episcopal Church." The 
 land was given by Jlrs. Mary Johnson, and as the 
 building sat upon a hill, they named the church Mount 
 Johnson. It was one mile west of Circleville, on the 
 direct road to Bloomingburgh. The house was built 
 by H. S. Wilkison for .?100, the congregation finding 
 all the material. William Griffith preached for them 
 for some time, but he was followed by other ministers, 
 who were sent by Conference. After the Bullville 
 church was built, the congregation being so small, it 
 was thought best to abandon this church ; some went 
 to Bloomingburgh, others to Bullville. The last ser- 
 mon was preached by Rev. G. Bohlman, after which 
 the building was sold at public auction and has been 
 removed. 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF MIDDLE- 
 TOWN 
 
 elTected a legal organization March 31, 1828. The 
 proceedings were signed by Thomas Houston and 
 James Little, as inspectors of election. The trustees 
 chosen were John Corwin, Jacob Dunning, Israel 
 H. Wickham, Nathaniel Bailey, Gabriel Little, Na- 
 than H. Corwin. AVith reference to the history of 
 this church the following statement is condensed 
 from a historical sermon delivered by Rev. Augustus 
 Seward, D.D., July 2, 1876. 
 
 If in any respect it conflicts with tlie article upon 
 the Congregational Church, we can only say that it 
 seems to be a case where " good men ditfer" in their 
 views of the facts of early times ; and as in another 
 similar case, we deem it proper to give both these ac- 
 counts as believed by their respective adherents. Pos- 
 sibly candid inquiries may discover by comparison 
 the exact facts of the case. 
 
 Each society claims in a certain sense to be the true 
 and only legitimate heir of the one church of June 
 10, 1785! 
 
 "The Firat Presbyterian Church and congregation of Middletown be- 
 came such by trjinaformation, deliberately and cautiously made in the year 
 1825. Previously tu that they had existed as a Congregational Church 
 and Society since June 10, 1785, the date of the organization, which was 
 two years prior to the adoption of tlie Federal Constitution. Rightly, 
 therefore, our history reaches to within less than a decade of the begin- 
 ning of the century whose close the nation now is celebrating. Records 
 are extant, and have been carefully consulted by the speaker, which go 
 back to within seven years of the organization, aiid three years prior to 
 the erection of the Presbytery of Hudson, with which the church early 
 became, and still is, connected; and with the exception of an interval 
 of two years (1803-5), these records are continuous and full. 
 
 "The first minute represents the church as 'being met according to 
 adjournment,' Sept. 22, 1792, in wliich year the Primitive Baptist Church 
 in this place was constituted, ours liaving been for some years previously 
 the only religious organization in the village. It ia an interesting fact 
 that the special business transacted at the first recorded meeting was the 
 reception of fourteen persons as candidates for admission to the churcli, 
 and the taking of five others 'under the watch' of the church. 
 
 "In the month following, October, 1792, the church sought Presbyte- 
 rian connection and supervision. It chose John Dunning deacon, and 
 commissioned him to 'go as a Delegate to the Presbytery of Morris 
 County.' Fora time it sent delegates frequently, if not regularly, to that 
 Presbytery; but subsequently, upon the organization of the Presbytery 
 of Westchester, it formed a connection witli the latter, upon whose roll 
 
 of membership occur the names of several who first preached here. 
 Botii of these Presbyteries, which were styled ' Independent' and ' Asso- 
 ciate,' were formed by ministers who witlidrew from the Presbytery of 
 New York and adopted a platform which has been described as ' Presby- 
 terian in form but Congregational in fact.' From one or the other of 
 these Presbyteries the church received counsel and obtained supplies 
 from time to time, as tlie pulpit was vacant, until, by the dissolution of 
 the Presbytery of Westchester, it was left without ecclesiastical connec- 
 tion. It then sent Deacon Eli Corwin to the Presbytery of Hudson, 
 April 20, 1824, with a request for connection with that body. The re- 
 quest was granted, and Deacon Corwin was received as the first repre- 
 sentative of this church in the Presbytery, with which, in the year fol- 
 lowing, it sought again connection upon a different basis. 
 
 "The succession of ministers was as follows: 
 
 "Rev. Charles Seeley, from the beginning, perhaps, to 1796, who 
 divided his labors with the church at 'Shawangnnk,'asthe records have 
 it, afterwards known as the ' Plains,' near Mount Hope. 
 
 " Rev. Zenas Smith, who, after having preached for a time on trial, 
 seems to have been chosen permanent supply, and was ordained here in 
 1798, yet not installed. 
 
 "Rev. William Bull, from 1805 to 1807. 
 
 "Rev. Allen Blair, from 1808 to 1812, who divided his labors with 
 the church at Ridgebury, preaching here during a part of his engage- 
 ment on every third Sabbath. 
 
 " Rev. Abel Jackson, from 1812 to 1819. 
 
 "Rev, Abner (?) Brundage. 
 
 " Rev. Boughton. 
 
 "Rev, William Plain, for tiiree years from 1820. 
 
 "Rev. Daniel Young, in 1823. 
 
 " Rev. George Stebbins, in 1824. 
 
 " Of these ministers two only were pastors. The first pastor was Rev. 
 Abel Jackson, who was installed in June, 1814, and dismissed in May, 
 1819. 
 
 " Under Mr. Jackson's ministry' occurred what is denominated ' the 
 great revival,' which still is remembered by some among us as a precious 
 season of marked and wide-spread religious interest. As the fruit of this 
 work, 85 individuals were received on one occasion into the communion 
 of the church ; and, in all, 123 were added in a few months, while others 
 also were propounded as candidates for church fellowship, — numbers 
 these whose significance can only be appreciated by remembering how 
 sparse was the population then as compared with the present; for the 
 town of Wallkill had then been organized hut twenty-seven years, while 
 not until a year later than these events was a post-office established at 
 Middletown, with receipts, as returned for the fiist quarter, of only sixty- 
 nine cents. 
 
 " At this time (in 1815) was instituted a weekly Wednesday evening 
 meeting for social worship, among the moat eflicient supporters of which 
 was one 'colored Ahel,' whose name abides until this day among the 
 most grateful recollections of the past. The meeting, perpetuated for 
 now more than sixty years, is still held on the same evening of the 
 week . 
 
 "A year later than the institution of this meeting a Sabbath-school 
 was organized on the borders of the congregations of Middletown, Go- 
 shen, and Ridgebury, the children being collected from the families of 
 these three societies and others living in the vicinity of the 'Outlet.' 
 From this movement came the organization of a Sabbath -school in the 
 village of Middletown prior to 1824, while with this pioneer Sabbath- 
 school enterprise will ever deserve to be associated the name of that 
 mother in Israel, Mrs. Lina Dolsen. 
 
 "Besides Mr. Jackson, the Rev. George Stebbins was settled as pastor. 
 Coming to serve the church as a licentiate of the Presbytery of Hudson, 
 he was doubtless instrumental in forming the connection which the 
 church soon sought with that Presbytery. Having been called to the 
 pastorate, he was ordained and installed June 9, 1824. 
 
 " Various reasons led to a cliange from Congregationalism to Presby- 
 terianism. But the change was made with great deliberation. A com- 
 mittee of influential names was appointed ' to take into consideration the 
 state of the church with regard to the mode of doing business, and to 
 propose a different mode.' 
 
 "The matter thus intrusted to them this committee held under advise- 
 ment for two months, being found unprepared to report at a regular 
 meeting convened during the interval. And when at length they re- 
 ported 'that iu their opinion it is expedient for this church to adopt the 
 Presbyterian ntode of doing business in full, or, in other words, to change 
 our order to that of the Presbyterian,' action upon the report was deferred 
 for another month; when finally tlie question was taken by ballot, and 
 the report adopted by a vote of fifteen for and nine against it, — a small 
 
462 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 vote indeed, yet giving a large majority of tliose who cared to be present 
 
 and to vote at all; and at the same time revealing a decided purpose on 
 the part of the absentees to offer neither protest nor opposition. The 
 recommendation having been adopted, it was further voted to connect 
 with the Presbytery of Hudson. 
 
 " Tet another month elapsed before the change was consummated. The 
 church being met "agreeable to adjournment,' Nov.:i, 1825, proceeded to 
 ' organize under the Presbyterian order,' and chose 'ten persons to serve 
 as elders to the church.' This action was taken in November; in the 
 following March five of the ten who had been elected having signified 
 their acceptance of the trust, were solemnly ordained, and 'were de- 
 clared tlie regularly constituted elders of this church.' 
 
 "The number of chnrcb-members at this time, or as reported to Pres- 
 bytery at the meeting in April precedirig, was 20'2, of whom 34 on pro- 
 fession of their faith and 5 by certificates from other churches had been 
 added during the year. 
 
 "Tiie change in church organization required a corresponding change 
 for the incorporation of the congregation, ami the resolution to effect the 
 latter was passed Jan. 22, 1828, the title then assumed being 'The First 
 Presbyterian Church and Congregation of Middletown.' Two months 
 later, March 31, 1828, the first board of trustees was elected, consisting 
 of John Corwin, Jacob Dunning, Israel H. Wickham, Nathaniel Baile^', 
 Gabriel Little, and Naihiin H. Corwin. 
 
 "The change of which I have been speaking occurred during the 
 second pastorate, — that of Mr. Stebbins. To him succeeded Rev. Donald 
 Mcintosh, whom the congregation, after some months' experience of his 
 ministry, voted to call as tbeir pastor on April 15, 1828. The pastoral 
 relation, however, in this instance was of short continuance. Mr. Mc- 
 intosh, being in feeble health, sent back his resignation from the State 
 of Florida, whither he had gone for change of climate, and where he 
 difd soon after. 
 
 "During the absence of Mr. Mcintosh the pulpit had been supplied 
 by the Rev, Daniel Tiuunpson Wood, who was licensed April IS, 1828, 
 and was ordained at Florida, in this county, October 23d of the same year. 
 So acceptable liis services had proved that, on the same day on which the 
 congregation voted to concur in the request for a dissolution of the pas- 
 toral relation, they chose Mr. Wood as the successor. He was installed 
 June 9, 1830, and his pastorate e.vtended through nearly thirty yeare, 
 terminating with his decease, Aug. 18, 1859. 
 
 "Mr. "Wood's pastorate waa early distinguished by manifest tokens of 
 divine favor, for at the autumnal sacramental service in the year fol- 
 lowing his installation 51 candidates were admitted to the ordinances of 
 the churcli on profession of their faith in Clirist, while an aggregate of 
 87 members was similarly !idded in a single year but shoitly afterwards. 
 
 "That his pastorate throughout was eminently successful is attested 
 still by the grateful recollection in which his memory is cherished by a 
 large portion of this community, which, while it witnessed his daily life, 
 felt too the moulding influence of his generous sympatliy, his wise coun- 
 sels, and his efficient labors. The memorial tablet which 'sincere affec- 
 tion' raised to his name reminds us, and certifies to all who enter this 
 building, that ' as Friend, Citizen, and Minister he was greatly beloved, 
 eminently useful, universally lamented.' 
 
 "In a few nu^nths after Mr. Wood's decease the congregation voted to 
 call the fifth pastor,* and the present incumbent was installed Nov. 29, 
 1859. 
 
 " The bench of elders, as at first constituted in 1826 (just fifty yeai-s, 
 or half a century ago), consisted of James Little, Thomas Houston, David 
 Hanford, George Little, and Jonathan B, Webb, of whom the last named 
 alone survives; and he, after protracted absence, returned a few years 
 since to dwell among us, and still abides to ' rehearse,' with faculties 
 scarce impaired, ' the righteous acts of the Lord towards the inhabitants 
 of His villages in Israel.' 
 
 "The following have since been added to the eldership, viz.: Josiah 
 Howell, Enoch Reeve, John H. Corwin, and Nathaniel Bailey, elected in 
 1832; Joseph Little, William S. Webb, and Henry Dunning, elected in 
 1836 ; Daniel C. Wisner, Hiram S. Dunning, and Henry Little, elected in 
 184G, the last of whom still remains in office; William Little, Abrah;im 
 P. Howell, Charles Stewart, William E. Millfipaugh, Jirah I. Foote, ami 
 George J. King, elected in 1864; J. Milton Tuthill, Samuel W. Tryon, 
 and Daniel Corwin, elected in 1872 ; and in 1879, Luther Sayer and Geo. 
 A. Swalm. 
 
 "Four years ago (December, 1872) the church unanimously adopted 
 what is popularly styled the rotary system, or the limited term of ruling 
 
 * Kev. Augustus Seward. He resigned his charge, which took effect 
 
 Oct. 1, 1879, completing his twenty years' pastorate. Since then the 
 pulpit has been occupied by supplies through the Session. 
 
 eldership, and the change was quietly effected by the voluntary resigna- 
 tion of their positions for such purpose of all except the two senior 
 elders. Under this arrangement three members retire from the Session 
 every three years, when an election is held to fill the vacancies so 
 occasioned. 
 
 *' The Jirst building erected by the congregation for public worship, and 
 which was the oidy house of public worship in Middletown for the space 
 of forty years, occupied the site where stands the present Congregational 
 church edifice. It is said to have been raised and inclosed and immedi- 
 ately occupied in 1786, and it is mentioned in the records of 1792. Its 
 erection must have proved a formidable undertaking; for full ten years 
 after it is said to have been raised, and quite four years after the first 
 mention of it in the records, at a parish meeting ' It was put to vote 
 whether or no the church did not think it duty, in their present situa- 
 tion, to petition the Legislature of ihis State for an act to make a lottery 
 for the purpose of finishing our meeting-house and purchasing a par- 
 sonage.' The minute adds, ' It waa thought by the majority to be duty.' 
 
 "But two years later still, the ordination services of Mr. Smith were 
 conditioned upon ' the carpenter-work being sufficiently advanced.' The 
 house was probably finished during that season, the summer of 1798, 
 having been twelve years in building. The manner of the disposition of 
 the pews is indicated by a minute which has reference to the adjustment 
 of a difliculty between two members respecting the ownership of seats 
 ' in the Middletown meeting-house which they bad bid off at vendue.' 
 
 "The society, from time to time, voted permission to other denomina- 
 tions to use the house of worship when not occupied by themselves. Its 
 erection, as we have seen, had drawn heavily upon the means of the con- 
 gregation ; but they were more than compensated by the blessings which 
 thence flowed to them. That house was the central p<)int to which the re- 
 ligious interest of the fathere tended. During the ' great revival' especially 
 its seats were the birthplace of souls, and its walls witnessed the register- 
 ing of solemn vows. There the earlier pastore — Jackson, and Stebbins, 
 and Mcintosh in his infirmities — broke to the people the bread of life 
 and administered the holy sacraments. And there, too, the lamented 
 Wood began his long and successful ministry. 
 
 "But presently the quarters became too strait, the accommodations 
 proved inadequate. It was determined to build again, and also to change 
 the location. 
 
 "The second church edifice stood on this gmund where we are now 
 assembled. It was built by subscription begun in 1828, and with a rapid- 
 ity in striking contrast with the former enterprise. It was solemnly ded- 
 icated Jan. 2ii, 1830, the dedicatory sermon being preached, in theabsence 
 of the pastor, Mr. Mcintosh, by the Rev. Ezra Fisk, D.D., of Goshen.f 
 
 "The old house of worship, when it thus was vacated, was of little 
 value, and soon began to decay. Having for a time ' served the public as 
 a storage place for lumber, and becoming incapable of being refitted for 
 any useful purpose,' it was taken down by direction of a meeting held in 
 July, 1833, and which ordered that the materials of which it was com- 
 posed should be used for fencing the burying-ground adjacent. 
 
 "Tliereupon sudden and unexpected opposition was manifested on the 
 part of a few wlio either had not voted in lls2o to adopt the Presbyterian 
 form of government, or who, having voted against the change, were un- 
 willing to be ruled by the nuijority. They charged that the Presbyterians 
 had defrauded the Congregationalists of their rights, and hatl demolished 
 their fathers' house of worship. A suit at law was instituted against 
 the committee who had been appointed to take down the buiUiing; but 
 during the session of the court, and before the cause was reached, the 
 suit was discontinued, the costs being paid l)y the party who had com- 
 menced the proceeding. Finally, by written agreement, made April 26, 
 1834, the whole controversy wjis adjusted on terms indicative of cordial 
 concurrence by both parties. 
 
 " Tlie growth of the village and the corresponding necessities of the con- 
 gregation compelled to the erection of this third house of worship, which 
 was begun in the spring of 1866, was first occupied in July of the next 
 year^ and was formally dedicated on the 24th of October following.^ 
 
 f Those items are furnished from memoranda made at the time by 
 Elder George Little, and preserved by his family. 
 
 I The building stands on Orchard Street, at its junction with North. 
 It is bnilt of brick, with brownstone trimmings, and has one spire 156 
 feet in height. The dimensions are 74 feet front, and 140 feet deep, with 
 lecture-room and pastor's study in the rear. The capacity of the main 
 audience-room is estimated at 750 sittings, exclusive of the gallery. 
 
 In ISSO an addition was built to the lecture-room, for the better accom- 
 modation of the Sunday-school, at acost of $1000. The church is entirely 
 free from debt. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 463 
 
 *'Tlte bell wliicli for nenrly twenty years has summoned us to woreliip 
 was procured in 1857, chiefly through the liberality of Thomas King, 
 who deceased shortly after. 
 
 " At the time of erecting the first house of worship the project of build- 
 ing a pareonage was entertained, but seems to have fallen through, pos- 
 sibly because the ' lottery' proved less successful than was anticipated. 
 But in 1838, Elder James Little built at his own expense, on grounds be- 
 longing to the congregation, a parsonage, which was occupied until after 
 the completion of this sanctuary ; but the location becoming undesirable, 
 in consei^nence of the diversion and increase of business through newly- 
 created channels, the property was then sold, and the proceeds were 
 appropriated to the extinguishment of our building debt." 
 
 The Ladies' Aid Society of this church vva.s organ- 
 ized in January, 1878, — President, Mrs. Richard Deck- 
 er; Vice-President, Mrs. Geo. Swalm; Secretary, Miss 
 Mary Van Keiiren ; Treasurer, iliss Helen King. Otfi- 
 cers for 1879: President, Mrs. Geo. Swalin ; Vice-Pres- 
 ident, Mrs. Chas. J. Boyd ; Secretary and Treasurer, 
 Miss Lizzie Elmer. Officers for 1880: President, Mrs. 
 Geo. Swalm ; Vice-President, Mrs. Dr. Boyd ; Secre- 
 tary and Treasurer, Miss Lizzie Ehner. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF CIRCLEVILLE 
 
 was incorporated Jan. 4, 1842. The proceedings were 
 signed by Josiah Crane and Samuel Bull. The trus- 
 tees chosen were Oscar Bull, Robert Boak, John Gil- 
 len, Samuel Sands, and Bevier Depuy. 
 
 This church was organized at a meeting held at the 
 " White School-house," one mile from the village, Nov. 
 4, 1841. A delegation from Hudson Presbytery was 
 present, viz. : Rev. Daniel T. Wood and Rev. O. M. 
 Johnson. The church was constituted with the fol- 
 lowing members: Josiah Crane, John Gillen, Samuel 
 Bull, Keziah S. Crane, JIaria ^Miller, from the Re- 
 formed Church of Bloomingburgh ; John P. Howell, 
 Mary Howell, from the Presbyterian Church of Beth- 
 lehem ; and John Johnston, Mrs. Mary Bull, Mrs. 
 Fanny Miller, Mrs. Celia Kerr, received upon confes- 
 sion of their faitli. 
 
 The elders chosen were Samuel Bull, Josiah Crane, 
 John Gillen. Soon after the formation of this church 
 Benjamin Thompson and Joseph Little were received 
 as members. 
 
 Feb. 13, 1842, a committee to draft a plan for build- 
 ing a house of worship was appointed, consisting of 
 Joseph Little, Samuel Bull, Hiram S. Wilkison. 
 
 A house to be built of wood, 40 by 54, was decided 
 upon at a subsequent meeting. The contractor for 
 the carpenter-work was Daniel Bush, who erected the 
 house for the sum of $425. The sum seems small at 
 the present time, but there w:is a liberal donation of 
 five acres of land by Samuel Bull. There was consid- 
 erable labor freely given in preparing the ground and 
 in subsequent grading, in various improvements and 
 in the erection of sheds, so that the actual value of 
 the property was very much more than the contract 
 price for erecting the building. 
 
 The timber was given and delivered on the ground 
 by the people of the neighborhood. Lumber was 
 drawn from Sullivan County free of expense to the 
 society, and the mason-work, under the direction of 
 
 Mr. Samuel Bull, was mostly a donation by liimself 
 and others. 
 
 The parsonage was not built until 1845, when the 
 present comfortable and convenient house was erected 
 at a cost of $800, not far from the church, and upon 
 the land donated by Mr. Samuel Bull. 
 
 Previous to the building of the parsonage, Mr. Bull 
 had given to the ministers the use of a dwelling-house 
 owned by him. The first communion service was held 
 in the " White School-house." 
 
 The ministers who have served the church as pas- 
 tors or supplies are the following : 
 
 Rev. p. J. Burnham,fromNovember, 1842, to March, 1844; Rev. Nathaniel 
 Elmer, from November, 1844, to September, 1847 ; Rev. Albert W^orth- 
 ington, from December, 1847, to September, 1849 ; Rev. A. 0. Pelou- 
 bet, from June, 1850, to June, 1857 ; Rev, Henry Osborn, from Decem- 
 ber, 1858, to April, 18G7 ; Rev. John N. Boyd, from December, 1867, 
 to April, 1871; Rev. C. II. Park, from April, 1871,* to April, 1.S81. 
 
 The present members number 86. The superin- 
 tendent of the Sunday-school is George Foster. The 
 elders at present are Leartus M. Weller, John Bull, 
 Daniel Bull, Henry S. Linderman, Joseph E. Little, 
 J. J. Duryea, A. Hosier; Deacon. Robert Boak, Sr. ; 
 Trustees, Joseph E. Little, J. J. Duryea, David W. 
 Shaw, A. H. Gillone, Alfred Hosier, and Peter Wel- 
 ler; Clerk of Trustees, Harrison Bull, from Jan. 1, 
 1856, to the present time. 
 
 To Mr. Samuel Bull the community is largely in- 
 debted for the founding of this church. He gave to 
 the enterprise freely of time, labor, and money. He 
 had a high appreciation of the value of gospel insti- 
 tutions, believing that the true welfare of any com- 
 munity depends upon their establishment and preser- 
 vation. His name and memory are cherished by his 
 neighbors among whom he lived. He rests from his 
 labors, but this pleasant rural church remains as a 
 memorial of his energy and his Christian integrity. 
 
 THE SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHIRCU OF MID- 
 DLETOWN 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Dec. 5, 1854. 
 The proceedings were signed by Hiram Brink and 
 Samuel A. Monell. The trustees chosen were Israel 
 C. Beattie, Lewis Little, Henry S. Beakes, John E. 
 Corwin, David C. Winfield, Samuel A. Monell. The 
 church was organized by the Presbytery of Hudson, 
 Sept. 22, 1854, with 26 members. The first Session 
 consisted of William W. Robertson, John H. Mills- 
 paugh, Hiram Brink, and D. C. Wesner. 
 
 The first pastor was the Rev. John H. Leggett, who 
 began his official labors Jan. 1, 1856, and continued 
 them with faithfulness and success until Jan. 1, 1864. 
 
 The first church edifice was dedicated March 13, 
 1856; was enlarged in 1865. The present pastor is the 
 Rev. Charles Beattie, who was installed Oct. 6, 1864. 
 The present membership of the church is 360, of the 
 Sabbath-school 400. The Session consists of John 
 H. Millspaugh, G. M. Newman, Leander Crawford, 
 
 * Mr. Park was away at Ridgebury from April 1, 1872, to May 1, 1873. 
 
464 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 William Evans; the board of trustees, A. S. Vail, 
 H. B. Dill, John D. Crawford, John Bradley, Ira M. 
 Corwin, Moses Crist. The superintendent of the Sun- 
 day-school is William L. Graham. In connection 
 with the church is a ladies' aid society. A missionary 
 society was organized in 1878, a temperance society 
 in 1877. 
 
 THE FIRST BAPTIST 
 
 CHURCH 
 TOWN 
 
 OF SOUTH MIDDLE- 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Oct. 29, 1842. 
 The proceedings were signed by John King and 
 Thomas Newcomb. The trustees chosen were David 
 Clark, Thomas Van Hone, and John Stephens. The 
 meeting was hekl at the house of Francis Wickham. 
 The following additional particulars are furnished 
 by the present pastor : 
 
 " At the beginning of the year lS4fl, Thomas Van Hone was n resident 
 of the then small village of Middletown. An earnest Christian, and a 
 thorough Baptist, he was led to pray fervently that God would open the 
 way for the establishment of a church of his faith and order in the rising 
 community. Looking about liini and tiuding that there were a few of 
 the residents who liad adopted Baptist principles, he conferred with these, 
 encouraged iheni to hope for the future establishment of a Baptist cliurch, 
 and led them, by means of his courageous and faithful leadership, to the 
 successful inauguration of the struggling enterprise. 
 
 "This brother and his faitliful co-workers were thoroughly imbued 
 with that axiomatic principle, 'There is room every whevt.* for a Baptist 
 church.' Believing this truth with all their hearts, they met together, 
 and with prayer, and sung, and Scripture reading, they formed them- 
 selves into a regular Baptist Church. Humanly speaking, their act was 
 fraught with little or no encouragement. True, Baptist sentiments, in 
 part, had not been without their witnesses in the village and its sur- 
 rounding country. The little band proclaimed the universal authority 
 of that great commission of the Lord Jesus which instructed His fol- 
 lowere to ' disciple all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, 
 and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.' Tlie founders of the youthful 
 church were few and poor. The work which they had to do was one 
 demanding large faith, strong courage, true hearts. They brought all 
 these to their task ; they wrought fast and wrought well. 
 
 "The little church was constituted Oct. 21, 1840. Its constituent mem- 
 bership numbered 17, of whom 14 were sisters. At the present writing 
 only two of these are known to be alive, — Thomas Van Hone and his 
 wife, Margaret. The recognition services were lield in the old edifice of 
 the Congregational Church. The records of the cliurch have preserved 
 for us the exercises of that memorable day : Scripture Reading, by Klder 
 S. White, of the Staten Island Church ; Prayer, by Rev. Mr. Bennett, of 
 the Orange Church, Unionville; Sermon, by Rev, Zelotes Grenell, of the 
 Cannon Street Church, New York City: Hand of Fellowship, by Elder 
 Fay, of Wantage Church, New Jersey ; Charge to the Church, by Rev. 
 Mr. White ; Prayer, by the Rev. John Wellslayer, of the Cornwall Church ; 
 Benediction, by Rev. Henry Ball, of Middletown. 
 
 '* Shortly after the constitution of the church its tirst business meeting 
 was held, at which time a call was extended to Rev. Henry Ball to he- 
 come the first pastor. For a period which probably covered two years 
 and six months the church met from house to house. Oct. 15, 1842, it 
 was resolved that immediate steps be taken looking toward the erection 
 of a house of worship. Tlieu followed directly a period of self-sacrifice 
 and self-denial seldom, if ever, surpassed in the history of kindred enter- 
 prises. Every effort was put forth to gather together the means neces- 
 sary to provide an humble church-home wherein the devoted few might 
 worship God, and as soon as possible their struggles were rewarded 
 with success. A plain, unpretentious meeting-house was erected, services 
 being meanwhile held in the building then known as Lyceum Hall, and 
 at the residences of the mcmbere. It seems that during the interim the 
 paster tendered his resignation (May 28, 1843) on account of old age and 
 failing health. Difficult as the work of maintaining the preaching of the 
 gospel must have been at that critical period, many were the tokens of 
 the Divine Blessing given to cheer the feeble baud. During the first 
 three yeai-s of the church's life nine rejoicing converts had been buried 
 with Christ in baptism, so that at the close of Elder Bell's pastorate the 
 membership of the cliurch had increased to 46. After a short interval 
 
 a call was extended to Rev. Joseph Houghout, and he accepted, entering 
 upon his duties in March, 1844. In June following the church occupied 
 its own building, 
 
 " Our survey of succeeding years, with their many and not always very 
 cheerful vicissitudes, must of necessity be exceedingly brief. The coming 
 of the second pastor found the church well established, with a humble 
 but comfortable building and a fairoutlook. If from this period on there 
 seems not to have been the steady growth for which the founders prayed 
 and toiled, let not the lack of prosperity be attributed to them. Preced- 
 ing words uf praise for them have been in no way too strong. 
 
 "The duration of Elder Houghout 's period of service was only thirteen 
 months. After his connection with the church had been withdrawn there 
 was no pastorate of any considerable length until the coming of Rev. 
 Samuel L. Barrett, who for the second time took charge in May, 1848, and 
 remaineil with the church until only a short period previous to his death, 
 or until April, 1853. During liis two pastoral terms 18 were baptized, 
 and 25 were added to the church by letter and experience. His brief 
 work was of that order which can be most truthfully termed nhiding. 
 A man of gentle, kindly demeanor, a faithful preacher, a genial, warm- 
 hearted friend, he did nun.h to further the cause of God in the field where 
 Providence had placed him. He is remembered with tender regard by 
 the few living members of the churcli who sat under his ministry. 
 Another short pastorate of thiileen months succeeded, followed in its turn 
 by the coming of Rev. Levi O. Crenelle, now of Princeton, N. J. The 
 numerical accessions of his pastorate were encouraging. Fifty four were 
 added to the membership during the two years and five months of his 
 stay, ;iG of whom received baptism at his hands. He was succeeded by 
 the Rev. N. A. Reed, whose strong, vigorous preaching forthwith resulted 
 in increased congiegations at public worship, and the inauguration of 
 whose pastorate was so bright as to awaken hope in every heart that his 
 earnest work would be permanent, and he remain to enjoy its fruitage. 
 We learn from the church records that he was greatly beloved by his 
 people, and it was with feelings of the keenest sorrow that they, at hiB 
 own request, with great reluctance, accepted his resignation after the 
 brief pastorate of one year and a half. Then followed a dark period in the 
 history of Zion, a period of depression and gloom, which lasted for three 
 years. In only one of these was the church favored with the ministra- 
 tions of an Under-Shepherd. It is with gladness, however, that we record 
 the factthat the stated preaching of the gospel was maintained, and that 
 many faithful members, A\ithout making any formal bond, resolved, before 
 God, to hold fast that which they had, and to 'strengthen the things that 
 remained, and which were ready to die.' More than one praying sister, — 
 and of these, in all the history of the forty years, there have been not a 
 few, — in the quiet of her own home, atul amid its humble but honored 
 ministries, found time to kneel at the blessed mercy-seat and ask God to 
 mercifully favor His people. These pleadings were not in vain. The 
 God of all grace set before His servants an open door. An enthusiastic 
 brother from another State, coming to the village to settle and engage in 
 business, and finding the struggling church without a minister, wrote 
 to his own pastor, the Rev. Charles A. Fox, asking him to come and sup- 
 ply the vacant pulpit at Middleto^v n. The result of his coming was the 
 giving to him of a call to become the pastor of the church. He entered 
 upon his duties in October, 18G4. During his pastoral term there was an 
 extensive religious interest pervading the church and its outside congre- 
 gation. Evangelistic help was obtained to aid the pastor in his work; a 
 series of meetings was held, which increased in intensity and power; 
 baptisms were frequent; and 151 were added to the church during the 
 continuance of his pastorate. 
 
 " It was likewise during the pastorate of Mr. Fox that the church edi» 
 fice was enlarged and improved. It seemed wise to enter upon the work 
 of remodeling the house of God, and accordingly, on April 9, 1868. the 
 beautified audience-room was rededicated. The Kev. Dr. Lyman Wright, 
 then pastor of the church at Xewburgh, preached an impressive sermon 
 on the occasion. It was a day of gladness and joy, and the week that 
 followed was one of prayer and praise. Others were added to the church, 
 and thankfulness filled every heart. The pastor resigned Jan. 1, 1869. 
 He was succeeded successively by Rev. Florence McCarthy, Rev. J. H. 
 Gunning, M.D., and Rev. Frank Fletcher, wliose combined periods of 
 service reached nine years. The history of the society during this time 
 is not marked by any great or noted progress. There were some acces- 
 sions by baptifiui, and during the pastorate of Dr. Gunning there was 
 cotisiderable religious interest in the other churches of the village, fos- 
 tered by the preaching of the well-known evangelist, Rev, A. B. Earle. 
 In the results of the ingatliering of souls the Baptist Churcli shared. 
 The present incumbent of the pastorate entered upon his work May '.iG, 
 1878. 
 
 " During the past two yeara a liftJe has been done for the extension of 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 465 
 
 he Redeemer's cause outside of her own bounds. The great drawback 
 o her prosperity' at the present time is the existence of the bonded debt, 
 ncurred tbrongh tlio renovation of tlie house of worship in 18G7-68. 
 der record in the past as regards tlie channels of our denominational 
 )enevoIent enterprises lias I)een good, and lier record will be better if it 
 ileases God to prosper her in the future. The forty years have been 
 r'ears of trial and an.\iety, but the present period is one of peaceful and 
 juiet and permanent growth. 
 
 "Sumjiahv, Seit. 23, 1880. 
 
 'Organized Oct. *21, 1840, with members numbering 17 
 
 Keceived by baptism from Oct. 21, 1840, to present date 291 I 
 
 Received by letter and experience from Oct. 21, 1840, to present 
 date 245 
 
 Total _ 553 [ 
 
 Whole number erased and excluded 105 
 
 " " dismissed by letter 173 i 
 
 " " of deaths 57 j 
 
 Present membership 218 I 
 
 . 553 ! 
 
 "Church constituted Oct. 21, 1840. House of worship finished June 
 ,, 1844. Church edifice enlarged at a cost of S13,,500, April 9, 1868. 
 'resent bonded debt of the church, ^500. Officers of the church ; Rev. 
 M. Edgar Wright, Pastor; Deacons, Geo. W. Corwin, John H. M. Little, 
 iath'l Ferrell, L. H. Slanson, Richard Slee, Jacob D. Masterson, Wni. 
 1. Scott; Trustees, Avery A. Bromley, Isaac Crane, W. H. Wood; Clerk 
 ,nd Treasurer, John H. M. Little ; Sunday-school Superintendent, Hiram 
 ?ate." 
 
 The house of worship is a plain, unpretentious 
 itructure, standing on Mulberry Street, in the village 
 )f Middletown, cruciform in shape. The interior is 
 landsomely frescoed, and the windows are of rich 
 itained glass. A beautiful organ occupies the space 
 jack of the pulpit. The communion emblems — a 
 cluster of grapes and bread — are painted on the ceil- 
 ng above the pulpit, and back of these a dove, rep- 
 ■esenting the Holy Spirit. I 
 
 The seating capacity of the building is 600. 
 
 3RACE CHURCH OF SOUTH MIDDLETOWN (EPIS- 
 COPAL) 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation, Feb. 18, 1845. 
 rhe proceedings were signed by Rev. John Brown, 
 Sev. William P. Page, of Goshen, and D. C. Diisen- 
 niry. The wardens named in the instrument were 
 fames Stryker and Elisha P. Wheeler; the vestry- 
 nen, James G. Swazey, John G. Wilkin, William N. 
 Phillips, John Bailey, Edward M. Madden, P. Mau- 
 ling Stryker, Charles Dill, and Anthony Houston. 
 
 Previous to the date of the incorporation of the 
 "hurcli services were held occasionally in the village 
 lall on North Street, the Rev. John Brown, D.D., of 
 5t. George's Church, Newburgh, the Rev. G. W. 
 rimlow, and others officiating. Of these services no 
 ecord was kept. 
 
 Part of the land on which the church building 
 ;tands was purchased of Henry E. Horton in 1845. 
 Dhe building was Ijegun in 1846, finished in 1847, and 
 consecrated by the Right Rev. W. H. De Lancey, 
 D.D., LL.D., Sept. 12, 1848. A small addition was 
 iiade to it in the year 1863. In 1866 the south tran- 
 ;ept was built by E. P. Wheeler, and he added the 
 lorth transept in the following year. The spire was 
 )uilt principally by the eftbrts of J. M. Matthews, E. 
 M. Madden, and Charles Horton, in 1868 or '69. 
 rhis spire contains the town clock. The church ' 
 
 throughout is of solid stone masonry, and will now 
 seat about 700. In 1878-79 extensive repairs were 
 made, a Sunday-school room was fitted up in the base- 
 ment, the exterior and interior of the church improved 
 and decorated. It is impossible to compute the cost 
 of the building and the improvements made from 
 time to time with any certainty. There is a parsonage 
 on Broad Street belonging to the church. 
 
 The Rev. George W. Timlow was the first rector 
 of the parish, and held the first services after its in- 
 corporation. He resigned in 1851 on account of ill- 
 health. He was succeeded by the Rev. J. Selden 
 Spencer, who resigned the rectorship in the spring of 
 1853. In the same year the Rev. P. Teller Babbit 
 was called, December .5th. He accepted the call and 
 served the parish till July 14, 1862, the date of his 
 resignation. The Rev. Alexander Capron next took 
 charge of the parish on the second Sunday in Advent, 
 1862, resigning Oct. 1, 1877, at which time the Rev. 
 George D. Silliman took charge, and is at the present 
 time rector. The salary of the rectors has ranged 
 from $600 to $1500. They seem, without exception, 
 to have discharged their duties honorably and well. 
 
 The first record in the parish register is a list of 25 
 communicants, in the year 1854. The present list 
 numbers 250. Four hundred and eighty-nine names 
 of communicants are upon the rolls. The parish seems 
 to have grown uniformly with the growth of the town. 
 
 The present officers of the parish are J. B. Swalm, 
 senior warden ; L. Armstrong, junior warden ; A. C. 
 Fuller, G. B. Fuller, E. H. Purdy, S. S. Draper, H. 
 W. Wiggins, Hon. J. G. Wilkin, W. H. Rogers, J. T. 
 Cockayne, vestrymen ; J. B. Swalm is treasurer ; J. 
 T. Cockayne is musical director; A. H. Ten Broeck, 
 organist; J. B. Swalm, superintendent of the Sunday- 
 school ; Mrs. Lydia A. Swazey, president of the Ladies' 
 Aid Society ; Miss Cordelia Wheeler, president of the 
 Altar Society ; and Mrs. H. H. Hunt, president of the 
 sewing-school for little girls. 
 
 The seats in the church are all free, and the ser- 
 vices supported by the voluntary offerings of the 
 people, as part of their worship. The total amount 
 contributed for the year ending Sept. 1, 1880, was 
 $2920.12, or an average of $56.16 per Sunday. Dur- 
 ing the same year there were baptisms, 24 ; admitted 
 to holy communion, 11 ; marriages, 12 ; burials, 24. 
 
 May God in His goodness bless and prosper this 
 church of the English-speaking people, which has 
 provided for all who s])eak the language a universally 
 accepted translation of the Holy Bible, and worships 
 God according to the ritual observed for hundreds of 
 years. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF MIDDLE- 
 TOWN. 
 
 This society effected a legal organization July 11, 
 1838. The meeting was held at the house of John M. 
 Tuthill, and the proceedings were signed by John H. 
 Little and John M. Tuthill. The trustees chosen 
 
466 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 were Isaac Denton, John H. Little, Ebenezer Mills, 
 William Dann, and Alfred Goodale. 
 
 Upon the earlier history of this church, the follow- 
 ing extract from the " Middletown Directory for 
 1857-58, hy John W. Hasbrouck," gives a few items : 
 
 *• For a number of years previoits to the time of a permanent organi- 
 zatioD of tlie societr, there had been kept up a series of appointments 
 for preaching, which were filled alternately by those preachers who were 
 traveling on what was then known as Montgomery Circuit. The meet- 
 ings were then held in the old district school-hoase, located where the 
 Middletown Bank building now stands, the former having, some thirteen 
 years since, been consumed by fire. In the fall of 1S3S the project of 
 building a suitable edifice for the use of the then somewhat augmented 
 membership, although still few in numbers and feeble in purse, was con- 
 ceived ; and under the auspices of Rev. Valentine Buck, assisted by his 
 colleague. Rev. David Webster, the work was begun and successfnllT 
 pr'3secated to its close. The lot upon which the edifice was erected and 
 now stands was purchased of Widow Anna Sears, at a cost of S300. The 
 architecture of tJio building i which was creditable for the times) reflected 
 considerable praise upon the builder, Wm. L. Dann, and cost, including 
 price of lot, $22W. Its dimensions were 33 by 4.i feet. 
 
 '* In the spring of 1SS9 the edifice was completed, and dedicated in May 
 by Rev. John Kennedy, D.D. A society was then permanently organized, 
 and a board of trustees elected. 
 
 '* The preachers in charge at that time were Revs. George Brown, David 
 Buck, and Sanford. Succeeding these for the next two years were Revs. 
 John Green and Bonney. 
 
 ** A change was made in the circuit by the next Annual Conference, 
 severing Middletown from Montgomery Circuit, and connecting Middle- 
 town and Ridgebury together as a charge, under the pastoral charge of 
 Rev. Z. N. Lewis. Then followed successively the following preachers in 
 charge : John G. Smith, Matthew Van Dasen, Morris D. C. Crawford, 
 Henry Lounsbur>-, J. H. Romer, Charles Isiiam, John K. Still, Charles 
 S. Brown, Juccb C. Washburn, John K. Wardle. Silas Fitch. 
 
 " On the completion of the church there remained against it a debt 
 of some 5600, which was permitted to rest undischarged, accumulating 
 in amount by unpaid interest until in 1347 it had increased to between 
 SHOO and SI21I0. 
 
 *' The aspect of afiTaiis now seemed threatening enough, when, provi- 
 deutially as it seemed, that indefatigable worker, Morris D. C. Crawford, 
 was sent to take the pastoral charge. Entering npon his work, seeing 
 the depressed state of affairs, spiritually and temporally, in the short space 
 of six weeks from the time of commencing the entire debt was wiped 
 out. From that time forward, with few intermisions, the prosperity of 
 the church has been apparent. The increase of membership, propor- 
 tionate with the increase of population and rapid growth of the village, 
 seemed to demand increased space in the church building. Accordingly, 
 in the fall of ISM, an addition of fifteen feet was made to the length of 
 the building, adding materially to its accommodation and its appearance 
 externally and internally, at a cost of STOtt. 
 
 " The house was reopened on Feb. 27, ISoo, by Revs. Jesse T. Peck, 
 D D., and Morris D. C. Crawford. To Rev. J. C. Washburn, then pastor 
 in charge, high praise is due for the commendatory manner in which be 
 latKtred for the prosecution of this work." 
 
 Revs. Richard Wheatley, Luther Peck, Alex. 
 McLean, and J. G. Oakley were successively ap- 
 pointed to the charge ; the latter in 1868. 
 
 During the first year of Mr. Oakley's pastorate a 
 large addition was made to the membership of the 
 church. This led to the building of a new edifice and 
 the sale of the old one. This work was undertaken 
 in 1870. The board of trustees, composed of John 
 C. Owen, president; John H. Kellogg, secretary ; Ira 
 L. Stoddard, Wm. J. Groo, N. M. Thompson, Wm. 
 Budd, and Thomas P. Pitts, constituting the building 
 committee, purchased a lot on the corner of Main 
 and Mulberry Streets of Joseph Lemon, at a cost of 
 $9000, upon which a brick and slate-roof building 
 100 by SO feet, with a transept on the south 100 by 37 
 feet, embracing a basement under transept, with lec- 
 
 ture-room over the same, ladies' parlor, and class- 
 rooms. The auditorium has a seating capacity of 700, 
 and is handsomely furnished. The lecture-room was 
 first occupied May 7, 1871 ; the completed building 
 was dedicated Nov. 1, 1871, The entire cost of lot 
 and building was $60,000. 
 
 Mr. Oakley was succeeded by Rev. George H. 
 Corey, for two years; Rev. D. L. Marks followed, for 
 three years ; he was succeeded by Rev. John K. 
 Wardle, and the latter by Rev. Elias S. Osbon, who 
 is now (1881) in charge. 
 
 Though for a time embarrassed by the debt in- 
 curred in constructing its edifice, the church is now 
 in a prosperous condition, and has a flourishing Sab- 
 bath-school. 
 
 ST. JOSEPHS ROMAX C.\THOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 St. Joseph's parish was established in 1866, and the 
 first pastor was Rev. Father Andrew O'Reiley, now at 
 Yonkers, N. Y., whose pastorate covered nine years. 
 He was beloved by his people, and won many warm 
 friends in the village outside of his church. He was 
 succeeded by Rev. Father Richard O'Gorman as tem- 
 porary pastor, who is now at St. Rose's Church, New 
 York. The present pastor, who built the new church, 
 is Rev. P. J. Prendergast, who came here from EUen- 
 ville some years ago. He has an able assistant in the 
 person of Rev. Father J. P. McClancy. The parish 
 includes Otisville, which was formerly attached to 
 Port Jervis, and whose church was built by Rev. 
 Father Richard Brennan, now of St. Rose's Church, 
 New York. 
 
 Soon after being organized the parish began the 
 erection of the church on Division Street, laying the 
 foundation of what was afterwards completed by oth- 
 ers and was called Slauson Hall. The Catholics sold 
 the Division Street property because there was not 
 suflicient room there for a pastoral residence and 
 burial-ground. Their present fine property on Cot- 
 tage Street, embracing about thirteen acres of land, 
 was bought at a cost of §7000. The frame church 
 which for a time accommodated the parish was built 
 at a cost of $70<)0 more, and the house on the prop- 
 erty was remodeled into a parsonage at a cost of 
 §2500. 
 
 The corner-stone of the new church was laid July 
 27, 1879, by Bishop O'Hara. of Scranton, Pa., with 
 impressive ceremonies. The address was made by 
 Rev. J. P. McClancy. The contract price for the 
 church was §18,500, but the furnishing increased the 
 cost to §26,(XtO. The following persons or firms were 
 engaged upon the work: masons, Harrison & McNeale, 
 of Newburgh : carpenter, James Thompson, of Staten 
 Island ; Ohio stone trimmings, McGill & Binnil, of 
 Brooklyn ; stained glass, Aickin & Goodwin, of Phil- 
 adelphia; heaters, Sayer, of Montrose, Pa.; gas fix- 
 tures, Mitchell & Vance, of New York ; altar. Van 
 Buren, of Jersey City. 
 
 The Stuart organ, from the old church, was repaired 
 
 i\ 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 467 
 
 by the builder and placed in the gallery of the new 
 church. 
 
 The building committee, who had charge of raising 
 the monej' and constructing the church, were Rev. 
 P. J. Prendergast, John Bradley, John Hartley, John 
 Curtis, Patrick Dougherty, Timothy Cohalen. 
 
 The church is built of brick ornamented with trim- 
 mings of Ohio sandstone. It is 130 feet long and 62 
 feet wide, and it will seat 900 people, aside from the 
 choir gallery, which will seat about 100 more. An 
 exterior view of the church presents a nave, clere-story, 
 and aisle arrangement, with the sanctuary strongly 
 marked, and all the various details and divisions 
 treated in a bold and vigorous manner. 
 
 The audience-room has seating capacity for 900 
 people, clear of columns or other obstructions, having 
 an opened timber roof, richly ornamented with mould- 
 ings and tracery, apparently very light in construc- 
 tion, and yet sustaining without columns or tie-beams 
 a clere-story. The sanctuary is very spacious and 
 ornate, having a vaulted ceiling ornamented with 
 moulded ribs, and on either side is a small chapel 
 opening into it and fronting the aisles, and intended 
 to contain altars dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and 
 St. Joseph. The windows are all filled with stained 
 gla.ss very rich in design and color, the main side win- 
 dows being all memorials, containing ecclesiastical 
 emblems and inscribed with the names of the donors. 
 The main altar, which extends across the end of 
 the sanctuary, is a very rich and beautiful piece of 
 art work. 
 
 We regret that a more complete history of the 
 parish has not been furnished for this work. 
 
 THE SEPARATE AMERICAN METHODIST CHURCH OF 
 PHILLIPSBURGH 
 
 was incorporated July 13, 1867. The certificate was 
 signed by George W. Harding, Francis Wallace, and 
 James Archer. The trustees chosen were Ebenezer 
 Green, Francis Wallace, and James Archer. George 
 W. Harding was jiastor of the church at that time, 
 and moderator of the meeting. 
 
 THE METHOniST EPISCOPAL ZION CHURCH OF 
 .MIDDLETOWN 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Nov. 20, 1861. 
 The paper was signed by Henry Johnson and Joseph 
 McClaughry. The trustees named therein were 
 Henry Waterford, Peter Bowman. George Millspaugh^ 
 Joseph Johnson, Joseph McClaughry. 
 
 THE FREE CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF MIDDLETOWN. 
 The Free Christian Church of Middletovvn was or- 
 ganized on Sunday, Sept. 23, 1877. Rev. Charles M. 
 Winchester had been holding temperance meetings 
 in the village for several months, and having met 
 with strong opposition on account of his hostility to 
 the liquor trafiic he resolved to locate in Middletown, 
 and continue to do such gospel and temperance work 
 as he might be able. 
 
 Having made known his intention to organize a 
 church, he asked such as desired to unite in the 
 undertaking to meet together for such a purpose. 
 
 The following named persons were all that came, 
 viz., Chester Belding, Abby L. Belding, Geo. W. Reed, 
 Phoebe A. Reed, Emerett Hallock. All of these had 
 been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 and brought letters of commendation. 
 
 The outlook as to members was not flattering, but 
 the minister gave them the right hand of fellowship, 
 and after a sermon and appropriate services the 
 church was duly constituted. Rev. G. H. Hick, a 
 Congregational minister of Denton, was present, and 
 assisted in the exercises. 
 
 Oct. 24, 1877, the church adopted a brief covenant 
 and articles of faith, adding a total abstinence pledge 
 as necessary to be taken as a part of the obligation of 
 each member. 
 
 Mr. Winchester, who had been acting pastor, was, 
 on Nov. 14, 1877, received by letter from the Bethel 
 Church, Providence, R. I., and elected pastor. On 
 the following Sabbath, November 18th, he was pub- 
 licly received as such by ai)i)ropriate exercises. 
 
 November 21st the following officers were elected : 
 Deacons, Chester Belding, Squire Lee; Clerk, Miss 
 F. L. Van Doren ; Treasurer, Hector Moore. 
 
 By January, •1878, the church had increased its 
 membership to about 30 members, and during that 
 month it was incorporated under Chapter 218, Gen- 
 eral Statutes, or what is known as the Free Church 
 Act. The following persons were elected trustees : 
 Chester Belding, Abrara A. Eaton, John C. Smith, 
 Squire Lee, Geo. W. Reed, Martin Van Fleet, C. M. 
 Winchester. 
 
 From its organization the church hired the build- 
 ing known as Slauson Hall for a meeting-house, and 
 on Feb. 28, 1878, purchased the entire estate for $7000. 
 The property is located at the corner of Wickham 
 Avenue and Division Street, and contains about half 
 an acre of land, on which was a brick building of 
 two stories, about 50 by 90 feet, on a massive stone 
 foundation, which was originally laid for St. Joseph's 
 Roman Catholic Society. A small barn and excellent 
 well of water were also on the premises. It required 
 only a small outlay to make the meeting-house quite 
 convenient for the wants of a growing society. 
 
 The church was now in condition to grow, and in 
 order to meet the increasing demand the organization 
 was perfected Aug. 21, 1878, by the election of the 
 following oflScers : Elders, Uriah D. Gee, A. R. Hill, 
 Matthew Dolloway, C. M. Winchester ; Deaconesses, 
 Margaret Trumper, Hannah Gee, Ann S. Van Fleet, 
 Angeline Brundage. 
 
 In September, 1879, the building of a parsonage 
 was commenced on the vacant lot next south of the 
 meeting-house, on Division Street, and finished Feb. 
 1, 1880. It is a neat and convenient house, 26 by 30 
 feet, containing ten rooms on four floors, and, with its 
 pretty front veranda and gable, quite an ornament 
 
468 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 to the pleasant locality, which is noted for its fine 
 residences. 
 
 The seats in the meeting-house are all tree, and in- 
 stead of a stated salary the pastor receives the free- 
 will offerings of the people each Sabhath. Current 
 expenses are met by collections. 
 
 The church has met with some obstacles, but has 
 been favored with general prosperity, so that the 
 present membership is 136. 
 
 In June, 1880, the New York Evangelical Chris- 
 tian Conference, of which the pastor is a member, 
 met with this church. 
 
 The Sunday-school connected with the church num- 
 bers about 300 members. David L. Conkling has 
 been superintendent, and Chauncey B. Moore secre- 
 tary from its organization. A marked feature of the 
 school is the pastor's Bible-class, which shows an 
 average attendance from the beginning of about 75. 
 Perhaps as a matter of history, and without entering 
 into the merits of the case, it ought to be said that 
 neither the Free Christian Church nor its minister is 
 recognized by the other churches of the viUage. 
 
 VIII-BURIAL-PLACES. 
 
 To mention these in any special order is not neces- 
 sary. Many of them are the burying-grounds of the 
 earlier years left to ruin and desolation. Others, as 
 noticed below, are the result of the improved senti- 
 ment of later years, and belong to legally-organized 
 associations. 
 
 At the extreme north end of the town, near the 
 Shawangunk, is a burial-place in the Mills or Sherer 
 neighborhood. This is the old one that belonged to 
 the Union Presbyterian Church which once existed 
 in that neighborhood. 
 
 Near the northeast line of the town, in the Par- 
 melee District, there is a burial-place not far from 
 the mills. 
 
 An old burying-ground (now plowed up) was on the 
 farm of Hezekiah D. Mills ; only colored peojjle were 
 buried there ; supposed to have been an early slave 
 burial-place; reduced to cultivation perhaps thirty 
 years ago. 
 
 At Phillipsburgh there is an old burying-ground, 
 on the east side of the Wallkill. We believe the 
 Wisners are buried here. 
 
 The Crane burial-place is on the present farm of 
 Alfred Hosier. Among those buried in the Crane 
 burying-ground the following are known : Capt. Jo- 
 siah Crane and wife ; Elias Bailey, who was drowned 
 in what is now William Miller's mill-pond ; Mrs. 
 Howell, a relative of Capt. Crane's. 
 
 Near the old Baptist church of Wallkill is a burial- 
 place of the last fifty years. Elder Terry was the 
 first one buried there, in 1828. 
 
 Other burial-places may be named as follows : one 
 on the town-line of Crawford, long since plowed up; 
 the modern one at Circleville, under good care ; Mrs. 
 Shorter's family lot on the Parmelee property; the 
 
 new one at the Wallkill meeting-house; the Phillips- 
 burgh Cemetery; the Guinea burial-place (perhaps 
 the same as that of colored people mentioned above) ; 
 the Horton burial-place, on the present property of 
 George Beakes ; the Pine Hill Cemetery, two and 
 a half miles from Middletown ; the Vinson Clark 
 burial-place, on the farm now ow-ned by T. W. Hor- 
 ton ; and doubtless there are still others. 
 
 OLD BURIAL-GKOl'ND OF THE CONGREKATIONAL 
 CHURCH. 
 
 This was the earliest place of burial at Middletown 
 village. The remains of the dead were finally re- 
 moved and the ground devoted to other purposes. As 
 in every such case, it is not prob.able that even the 
 most faithful work .succeeded in removing all. The 
 remains at the final removal were all buried in one 
 common grave, in the Hillside Cemetery, specially set 
 apart for this purpose. The stones that bore names 
 and dates are supposed to have been all preserved, 
 and stand now in two close rows on the lot above 
 mentioned. 
 
 We give a few of the inscriptions upon them : 
 
 Natlianiel Vail, died Nov. 10, 1796, aged 31. 
 Mary Smith, died Sept. 3, 1804, aged 79. 
 Gabriel Consin, died Nov. 2. 1820, aged 25. 
 David Moure, died Aug. 4, ISa'i, aged 71. 
 Jonathan Owen, died May 10, 1809, aged 44. 
 James McQuoid, died July 18, 1806, aged 68. 
 Charles McQuoid, died .\ug. 5, 1797, aged 22. 
 David Moore, died June Is, 1789. 
 
 These stones preserved are ninety-eight in number. 
 The common field stone, which undoubtedly marked 
 many early graves, yet with neither name nor date, 
 were of course discarded in the removal as of no value. 
 It may have been best to remove the dead and give 
 up the ground, but one can hardly help feeling that 
 it was the destruction of an ancient landmark with 
 many cherished associations, and that there was "land 
 enough" in this vicinity to have rendered the sacrifice 
 unnecessary. 
 
 THE OLD CEMETERY OPPOSITE THE AC.\DEMY. 
 
 This is a desolate place, for which there can be no 
 reasonable apology and no semblance of an excuse. 
 The neglect of old graveyards is a blot on modern 
 civilization. It is said the people are waiting to get 
 an act of the Legislature to enable them to remove 
 the dead, — a phrase which in its practical result 
 means simply to shovel the dust and bones of their 
 ancestors into a common pit, and call it a " careful 
 transfer of the remains!" There is land enough ; let 
 old graveyards stay ; clear them out; mow them clean 
 and close twice or three times a year, and nature will 
 do the rest, and do it decently. In this " rude, neg- 
 lected spot the forefathers of the hamlet sleep." 
 
 Here are the names of Reeve, Vail, Moore, Conk- 
 ling, McNish, Foster, Wilcox, Beakes, Hulse, Little, 
 Cox, Denton, Fallis, Wells, Stewart, Leggett, Dor- 
 ranee, Howell, Dunning, etc. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 469 
 
 THE SOUTH MIDDLETOWN CEMETERY ASSOCIA- 
 TION 
 
 effected a legal organization Oct. 26, 1848, at a meet- 
 ing in Lyceum Hall, of which Benjamin Bennett was 
 chairman, and Benjamin W. Shaw secretary. The 
 trustees apjiointed were the following, viz. : Benjamin 
 Bennett, Elijah Smith, William C. McNish, Hiram 
 Kain, John Baily, and Henry E. Horton. The pro- 
 ceedings were verified by the officers of the meeting 
 on the 27th, before William W. Reeve, justice of the 
 peace, and recorded on the 28th. We suppose this 
 established or put under a legal organization the 
 newer part of the cemetery, now opposite the academy 
 grounds. 
 
 HILLSIDE CEMETERY OF MIDDLETOWN. 
 
 This association was organized Oct. 4, 1860. Israel 
 O. Beattie was chairman of the meeting, and JohnM. 
 Kellogg secretary. The trustees named were James 
 N. Pronk, Thomas Chattle, Israel O. Beattie, Silas S. 
 King, John N. Kellogg, James Lythe, John M. H. 
 Little, Ashbel C. King, and James Rogers. The an- 
 nual meeting was determined for the first Thursday 
 in October. The proceedings were verified by the 
 officers October 4th, before George B. Cox, justice of 
 the peace, and recorded (October 6th. 
 
 The property purchased consists of nearly fifty acres 
 ill the southwest portion of the village, and now con- 
 stitutes one of the most beautiful cemeteries that can 
 be found in the State. There are two small lakes 
 within the inclosure, and it has over ten miles of 
 macadamized roads and drives, with gracefully curv- 
 ing and winding walks, and enameled lawns beauti- 
 fied by thousands of evergreens and a profusion of 
 flowers and shrubs. A magnificent evergreen hedge 
 forms an extensive portion of the exterior fence. This 
 cemetery cannot fail to be admired by all who visit it. 
 The grading has been done by skillful workmen, su- 
 perintended by men of cultivated taste. 
 
 The cemetery exemplifies the best principles of 
 landscape adornment. Its gentle slopes, its crown- 
 ing summits, its finely-arranged lots, many of them 
 covered with the choicest flowers, all together consti- 
 tute pictures of beauty that linger long in the memory 
 of the visitor. 
 
 Costly monuments add the graces of sculpture to the 
 attractions which nature and art have freely lavished 
 upon the grounds. Among the most notable of the 
 memorial shafts may be mentioned those bearing the 
 family names of Cockayne, Townley, Babcock, Stan- 
 ton, Roberts, Dunning, Charles Horton, Everett, Bar- 
 rett, Crawford, Purdy, Wheeler, Denton, H. E. Horton, 
 Howell, J. M. Horton, Reeve, Matthews, Webb, Hor- 
 ton, Decker, Hinchman, Holding, Roe, Royce, Slau- 
 son, Hughson, Pettit, Moore, Thomas King, Hulse, 
 L. B. Babcock, and Bell. Of noticeable design is the 
 Dill monument, a shaft representing a broken stump 
 resting on a rough bowlder, and leaning against the 
 stump a heavy cross. 
 
 The one erected by railroad employes to Mr. Min- 
 ; shull, who lost his life in the railway service, is an 
 honorable tribute to his worth and the esteem felt for 
 him by his co-employes. 
 
 The first interment was that of Theophilus Vail, 
 and the first monument was erected to his memory. 
 He died Sept. 19, 1861, and was buried Sept. 20th. 
 He had been an active promoter of the new ceme- 
 tery, and though incomplete he expressed a wish be- 
 fore his death to be buried in the grounds chosen. 
 It is evident that the success of tlie new cemetery, its 
 beauty, its harmonious and artistic arrangement, are 
 very much due to the steady and persistent interest 
 which Mr. John N. Pronk, thapresidentof the associ- 
 ation, has taken in the work, and the personal atten- 
 tion he has given to the execution of the minutest 
 details of roads, walks, lots, shrubbery, and general 
 adornment. His labors are appreciated by the people, 
 one citizen, himself for a long time identified with the 
 interests of Middletown, saying to the writer, " I wish 
 Mr. Pronk had a million of dollars ; I am sure it would 
 be largely expended for the public welfare." 
 
 With Mr. Pronk has been associated Mr. George' 
 Wait as superintendent, whose skill has aided greatly 
 in the development of the plans. Skillful workmen 
 have been employed, some of the number having 
 been retained from the opening of the grounds. 
 
 THE SCOTCHTOWN CEMETERY ASSOCIATION 
 
 was incorporated Nov. 29, 1873. The meeting held 
 to organize appointed Harvey Roe chairman, and 
 A. A. Fonda secretary. The trustees chosen were 
 Abner Mills, W. Augustus Robbins, Harvey Roe, 
 Harvey McMonagle, William D. Hurtin, V. F. P. 
 Bliven. 
 
 This organization was made to take charge in a 
 legal manner of the old Scotchtown yard. The first 
 two white stones erected there were to the memory 
 of Mrs. Dr. Arnell and Mrs. Phineas Corwin. The 
 former lay a corpse on the day of the great eclipse of 
 1806. She was a daughter of James Morrison! Dr. 
 Arnell removed to Goshen and died there. 
 
 HOWELL'S CEMETERY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 This was organized at a meeting held in the Con- 
 gregational church, Sept. 9, 1865. Horton Corwin 
 was chairman of the meeting, and William E. Mapes 
 secretary. The trustees named were Horton Corwin, 
 James H. Corwin, George E. Putney, William W.' 
 Shaw, Stephen S. Mapes, Elliot A. Coleman, William 
 E. Mapes, Sanford H. Stubbs, and Robert Cairns. 
 The proceedings were verified by the oflicers before 
 James H. Corwin, justice of the peace, September 
 11th, and recorded the 12th. 
 
 ST. JOSEPH'S CEMETERY. 
 Upon the ample grounds secured for St. Joseph's 
 Church, upon Cottage Street, beyond Wickham Ave- 
 nue, a cemetery of considerable extent is laid out, 
 
470 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 / 
 
 and with sufficient care and expenditure will develop 
 into a burial-place of considerable beauty. 
 
 THE WEBB CEMETERY ASS0CL\TION, WALLKILL. 
 
 was incorporated by a certificate verified June 15, 
 1.S67. The trustees named were John Valentine. 
 William A. McCoy, Virgil S. Smith, Anthony J. 
 Bennett, William H. Bennett, Virgil Knapp. John 
 Valentine was chairman of the meeting held to or- 
 ganize, and Floyd H. Reeves secretary. 
 
 IX.— SOCIETIES, LIBBAKIES, BANKS, INCOR- 
 PORATIONS, Etc. 
 
 HOFFMAN LODGE, No. 3110, F. AND A. M., 
 was instituted in the town of Wallkill, Sept. 29, 1817, 
 and the following oflicers installed: John Kirby, 
 W. M.; Stacey Beakes, S. W. ; Isaac Otis, J. W. ; 
 Isaac Mills, Treas. ; George Hill, Sec. ; Charles An- 
 derson, Tyler. 
 
 It took its name from Martin Hoffman, Dejiuty 
 Grand Master of the State of New York.* Dr. Joshua 
 Hornbeck was the first man that joined the lodge. 
 He was raised to the degree of a Master Mason Oct. 
 20, 1817. He practiced for a long time in the town 
 of Wallkill, became eminent in his profession, and 
 enjoyed the confidence and respect of the community 
 until his death. 
 
 Among the men who first joined the lodge were 
 Joseph Little, Jacob Mills, Dr. Jo.?eph B. McMunn, 
 Charles Dill, and Henry S. Beakes, names familiar 
 to all the old residents of the town of Wallkill. They 
 all afterwards became honorary members of Hoffman 
 Lodge, No. 412, except Jacob Mills. They are all 
 dead. Joseph Little, having survived the others, died 
 in February, 1874. The last meeting of the lodge of 
 which we have any knowledge was held Sejjt. 10, 
 1832. 
 
 HOFFMAN LODGE, No. 412, F. AND A. M., 
 was instituted in the village of Middletown, June 25, 
 1856, with ten charter members. Of these nine have 
 either withdrawn or died ; its first Master alone re- 
 mains. The number of members at present is about 
 200. It occupies the whole of the third fioor of Ma- 
 sonic Building, has a large and airy room for its 
 meetings beautifully furnished. Alexander Wilson, 
 its first Master, was honored for four years with the 
 
 * In July, 1818, tbe lodge received the following letter: 
 
 "Nkw York, June 23, 1818. 
 "Mr. George Hill: 
 
 " Dear Sir,-~1 have this day put on board the sloop ' Mechanic,' Capt. 
 Crawford, directed to the care of Benjamin F. Lewis, Newburgh, a 
 case containing a Bible for the use of Hoffman Lodge, which I request 
 you will present to the officers and members of the lodge, with my best 
 wishes for its prosperity, and at the same time assure them that I will 
 always feel an interest in its welfare and respectability. 
 "I am, sir, 
 
 " Your obedient servant, 
 
 " Martin Hoffman." 
 The same Bible is now in use by HofTman Lodge, No. 412. 
 
 position of District Deputy Grand Master, having for 
 his district the first year seven counties. The lodge 
 has again been honored by the appointment of Willis 
 L. Bagley as District Deputy Grand Master for the 
 present year. 
 
 The lodge meets the first and tliird Tuesdays of 
 each month at 7.30 p.m. 
 
 The officers of the lodge have been as follows: 
 
 1850.— Alex. Wilson, Master; Silas R. Marline, S. W. ; D. C. Dusenbury, 
 J. W. ; CO. McQuoid, Treas. ; E. B. Graham, .Sec. 
 
 For subsequent years, in the same order : 
 
 1867, Alex. Wilson, Silas R. Marline, D. C. Dusenbury, H. H. Hunt, E. B. 
 Graham ; 1858, Ale.x. Wilson, Silas B. Martine, G. H. Van Cleft, H. H. 
 Hunt. E. B. Graham; IS.W, Silas R. Marline, G. H. Van Cleft, I. 
 Draper, H. H. Hunt, H. A. Cox ; ISCO, J. Draper, J. G. Wilkin, H. H. 
 Hunt, James Lytle, J. L. Van Cleft ; 1861, J. G. Wilkin, Isaac Roosa, 
 C. C. McQuoid, Willison Taylor. J. B. Hulse ; 1862, Alex. Wilson, C. 
 C. McQuoid, B. V. Wolf, J. O. Crawford, H. A. Cox ; 1863, Alex. Wil- 
 son, C. C. McQuoid, B. V. Wolf, J, G. Crawford, D. W. C. Millspaugh ; 
 1S04, Alex. Wilson, C. C. McQuoid, John I. Bradley, J. G. Crawford, 
 C. H. Van Horn; 1805, .\lex. Wilson, C. J. Sloat, John L Bradley, 
 J. G. Crawford, A. H- Corwin ; 1866, Alex, Wilson, C. J. Sloat, W. T. 
 Barker, S. Sweet, J. D. Rockafellow; 1867, Alex. Wilson, A. H. Cor- 
 win, J. F.Smitli, S. Sweet, J. D.Kockafellow; 1868, Alex.Wilson.A.U. 
 Corwin, F. S. Penny, S. Sweet, J. D. Rockafellow ; 1869, A. H. Corwin, 
 il. D. Slivers, M. D. Stewart, L. Armstrong, Ira 5L Corwin ; 187i), 
 A. H. Corwin, J. F. Smith, H. D. Carey, L. Armstrong, C. .1. Boyd; 
 1871, A. H. Corwin, W. L. Bagley, H. D. Carey, N. T. Smith, C. J. 
 Boyd; 1872, M. D. Slivers, W. L. Bagley, M. H. Van Keuren, N. T. 
 Smith, J. D. Rockalellow ; 187:!, W. L. Bagley, T. T. Terrell. G. H. 
 Wildman, N. T. Smith, J. D. Rockafellow ; 1874, W. L. Bagley, T. T. 
 Terrill, S. G. Beyea, M. H. Van Keuren, N. T. Smith; 187.5, W. L. 
 Bagley, S. G. Beyea, H. McDonald, M. H. Van Keuren, N. T. Smith ; 
 1870, W. L. Bagley, S. G. Beyea, H. D. Van Kleek, D. B. Cole, N. T. 
 Smith ; 1877, M. H. Van Keuren, T. N. Little, C. J. Boyd, D. B. Cole, 
 N. T. Sniitli ; 1878, M. H. Van Keuren, T. N. Little, A. D. Seaman, 
 S. A. Sease, N. T. Smith : 1879, T. N. Little, A. D. Seaman, J. B. Car- 
 son, S. A. Sease, N. T. Smith ; 1880, T. N. Little, C. V. Puff, 0. N. 
 Goldsmith, S. A. Sease, N. T. Smith. 
 
 MILDAND CHAPTER, No. 240, R. A. M., 
 was organized March 17, 1869, with the following 
 officers: Alexander Wilson, H. P. ; C. J. Sloat, King; 
 M. D. Stivers, Scribe ; J. G. Wilkin, Treas. ; J. L. 
 Bonell, Sec. 
 
 The officers for subsequent years, in the same order, 
 have been : 
 
 1870-71, Alex. Wilson, E. P. Wheeler, M. D. Stivers, J. G. Wilkin, A. H. 
 Corwin ; 1872, Alex. Wilson, J. M. H. Little, C. B. Smith, J. A. 
 Swezey, G. H. Decker ; 1873, J. TiL H. Little, C. R. Smith, S. A. Sease, 
 J. A. Swezey, G. H. Decker; 1874, J. M. H. Little, C. R. Smith, S. A. 
 Sease, J. A. Swezey, S. S. Decker; 1876, C. B. Smith, J. R. Reed, W. 
 U. Knapp, S. A. Sease, S. S. Decker; 1876, C. R. Smith, W. H. Stod- 
 dard, S. G. Beyea, S. A. Sease, S. S. Decker; 1877, J. R. Reed, T. S. 
 Lane, \V. L. Bagley, S. A. Sease, Alex. Wilson ; 1878, W. L. Bagley, 
 S. S. Decker, J. B. Carron, S. A. Sease, Alex. Wilson; 1879, W. L. 
 Bagley, J. B. Carson, 0. N. Goldsmith. S. A. Sease, Alex. Wilson ; 
 1880, W. L. Bagley, O. N. Goldsmith. Ira L. Case, S. A. Sease, Alex. 
 Wilson. 
 
 MIDDLETOWN LODGE, No. 112, I. 0. 0. F., 
 was organized by John Stephens, Wm. H. Stewart,^ 
 Hiram Shons, Henry B. Shons, and Wm. Warrell as 
 charter members, and was instituted March 7, 1844, 
 in rooms on North Street, in the building now known 
 as the Erie Building, opposite the carpet-bag factory, 
 where they met until Gothic Hall was erected, where 
 they moved April 1, 1852. The rooms were dedicated 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 471 
 
 June 9, 1852, with a celebration consisting of a pro- 
 cession and ball in the evening. In these rooms they 
 continued to meet until April 20, 1809, when they 
 took the rooms in Exchange Building formerly occu- 
 pied by the Wliu/ Press, which rooms were duly dedi- 
 cated on the above date, under the direction of John 
 M. Hanford, D.D.G.M. The lodge continued to 
 meet in these rooms until April 1, 1877, when they 
 moved in their present spacious rooms in Adams i*t: 
 Weller's building. North Street, which rooms were 
 duly dedicated April 26, 1877, under the direction of 
 J. R. McCullough, D.D.G.M. The present number 
 of membership is 222. The principal officers during 
 the thirty-six years of its existence are as follows, 
 viz. : 
 
 Charter meoibei-s, installeii March 7, 1844 : N. G., John Stevens ; V. G., I 
 Wni. H. Stewart; Sec, Hiram Shous; Treas., Henry 1). Stions; 0. G., | 
 Wni. WarieH. 
 
 The presiding officers from July, 1844, to July, 
 1880, have been as follows, the first named being the 
 Noble Grand, and the second the Vice Grand : 
 
 1844, July r», William II. Stewart, Hiram Shous; Oct. 3, Hiram Shons, 
 
 5. R. Slartine; 184,j, Jan. 9, S. B. Martine, Elisha V. Wheeler; 
 April 3, Elisha P. Wheeler, George W. Underwood ; July :5, George 
 W. Underwood, Joseph D. Friend ; Oct. 2, Joseph D. Friend, An- 
 thony Houston: 1846, Jan. 1, Anthony Houston, J. F. France; 
 April 2, J. F. France, Elisha J udsun; July 2, Elisha Judson, L. W. 
 Piercy ; Oct. 1, L. W. Piercy, Gabriel N. Swezey ; 1847, Jan. 7, Gabriel 
 N. Swezey, E. M. Madden; July I, E. M. Madden, Thomas A. Hard- 
 ing; 1S48, Jan. 6, Tbos. A. Harding, H. V. King; July 0, II. V. King, 
 A. G. Edwards ; 1849, Jan. 4, A. G. Edwards, George Houston ; July 
 
 6, George Houston, Charles I. Stephenson: 1850, Jan. 3, Chas. I. Ste- 
 phenson, Alexander Wilsou; July 11, Alexander Wilson, Moses H. 
 Van Keuren ; 1851, Jan. 2, M. H. Van Keuren, N. T. Smith ; July 3, 
 N.T. Smith, James T. King; 1862, Jan. 8, Jas. T. King, Guy C.Wig- 
 gins; July 1, G. C. Wiggins, J. G. Canfleld; 1853, Jan. 0, J. G. Can- 
 field, Henry S. Beakes; July 14, Heury S. Beakes, J.ames G. Swezey ; 
 1854, Jan. 5, Jas. G. Swezey, John E. Corwin ; July 6, John E. Corwin, 
 E. B. Graham; 1855, Jan. 4, E. B. Graham, J. L. Van Cleft; July 12, 
 J. L. Van Cleft, Samuel Pitts ; 1856, Jan. 10, Samuel Pitts, H. W. Ste- 
 phens; July 10, H. W. Stephens, D. B. Wheat; 1857, Jan. 10, I). B. 
 Wheat, E. R. Dennison ; July 16, E. R. Denuison, J. L. Maefoy ; 18,58, 
 Jan., J. L. Maefoy, T. B. Clark ; July 15, Theron B. Clark, Fred. B. 
 Hulse; 1869, Jan. 13, F. B. Hillse, John Scott; July 14, John Scott, 
 Wm. F. Brown ; 1860, Jan. 12, Wm. F. Brown, A. A. Swinton ; July 5, 
 A. A. Swinton, M. C. Owen; 1861, Jan. 24, D. B. Wheat, T. G. Mapes; 
 July 25, T. G. Mapes, John B. Williams; 1862, Jan. 23, John B.Wil- 
 liams, John Scott ; July 31, John Scott, S. L. Preston ; 1863, Jan. 8, 
 S. L. Preston, M. H. Van Keuren ; July 9, M. H. Van Keuren, D. 
 Newkirk ; 1864, Jan. 7, D. Newkirk, J. M. Hanford ; July 7, J. M. 
 Hanford, John M. H. Little; 1866, Jan. 6, John M. H. Little, Silas 
 H. Kirby ; July 13, Silas H. Kirby, A. J. Hardenirurgli ; 1866, Jan. 4, 
 A. J. Hardenburgh.Th. K.Crans; July6,T R. Crans, Wm.T. Lud- 
 lum ; Oct. 18, Wm. T. Ludlum, John J. Iluyler; 1867, April 4, John 
 J. Huyler, D. A. Kiunie ; Oct. 3, D. A. Kinnie, E. B. Hanford ; 1868, 
 April 9, E. B. Hanford, C. A. Reight; Oct. 8, M. C. Owen, John D. 
 Rockafellow ; 1869, April 1, John D. Rockafellow, Isaac Crans; Oct, 
 7, Isaac Crans, S. C, Shaw ; 1870, April 7, J, D. Friend, J. T. Cockayne ; 
 Oct. 13, J. T. Cockayne, J. S. Dunning ; 1871, April 13, J. S. Dunning, 
 C. J. Thayer; Oct. 13, C. J. Thayer, J. E. Herrick ; 1872, April 4. J. 
 E. Herrick, H. C. Waters; Oct. 3, H. C. Waters, James Kelly ; 1,S73, 
 April 3, James Kelly, George Wright ; 1874, Jan. 1, George Wright, 
 Daniel E. Brink; July 9, Daniel E. Brink, .Albert H. Little; 1875, 
 Jan. 7, A. H. Little, J. W. Greggs; July 1, J. W.Greggs, David Ben- 
 jamin; 1876, Jan. 6, David Benjamin. Benjamin Webster; July 6, 
 Benjamin Webster, John E. Iseman ; 1877, Jan. 6, John E. Iseman, 
 Wright Rhodes; July 5, Wright Rhodes, Frank 0. Grover; 1878, 
 Jau. 10, Wriglit Rhodes, Chas. C. Fobs; July 4, Clias. C. Foss, Tlios. 
 A. March ; 1879, Jau. 2, Thos. A. March, Levi Schooner; July 3, Levi 
 Schooner, Charles W. Roberts; 1880, Jan. 1, Cliarles W. Roberts, 
 Samuel W. Roberts. 
 
 The present officers (July 1, 1880) are as follows: 
 N. G., Samuel W. Eoberts ; V. G., O. N. Goldsmith ; 
 Kec. Sec, Wm. A. Preston ; Treas., Levi H. Truex ; 
 Per. Sec, E. B. Hanford. Membership at last report 
 222. 
 
 This information is furnished under the direction 
 of lodge by Wm. A. Preston, Recording Secretar>'. 
 
 LUTHER LODGE, No. 380, I. 0. 0. F., 
 
 of Middletown, N. Y., was established Feb. 25, 1874. 
 The object of this lodge is, first, to visit the sick ; 
 second, to bury the dead; third, to relieve the dis- 
 tressed ; fourth, to care for the widows and orphans. 
 The first principal officers installed in the lodge were: 
 N. G., Fred Lowe; V. G., David Wiss ; Sec, Henry 
 Behme ; Treas., George Storch. 
 
 The present presiding officers of the lodge are : 
 N. G., Jacob Young ; V. G., John Altelman ; Sec, 
 Conrad Gerhardt ; Treas., Henry Emde. 
 
 ORANUE ENCAMPMENT, No. 93, I. 0. 0. F., 
 
 was instituted Nov. 23, 1877, by D. D. G. P. Chas. W. 
 Myers, of New York, assisted by members of Wall- 
 kill Valley Encampment, of Walden, this county, 
 with the following charter members : Stephen L. Pres- 
 ton, Levi Schoonover, Leonard Blumenstoek, James 
 Kelly, James S. Herrick, Wright Rhodes, C. R. Var- 
 coe, Alex. Wilson, John E. Ireman, Thomas Cross, 
 Saml. W. Roberts, Pincus A. Strausman, Chas. A. 
 Green, Elnathan W. Hoyt, Byram MUler, Fred. H. 
 Bradner. 
 
 The following were elected and installed in their 
 respective offices, viz.: C. P., Stephen L. Preston; 
 H. P., Levi Schoonover; S. W., Leonard Blumen- 
 stoek; Scribe, Wright Rhodes; Treas., Chas. A. 
 Green ; J. W., James Kelly. 
 
 The officers since that time have been as follows : 
 
 July 1, 1878. — C. P., Levi Schoonover ; II. P., Leonard Blumenstoek ; 
 S.W., James Kelly; Scribe, Samuel W. Roberts ; F. S,, Stephen L. 
 Preston ; Treas., Charles A. Green ; J. W., Wright Rhodes. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1879.— C. P., Leonard Blumenstoek; H. P., Wright Rhodes; 
 S. W., Byram Miller ; Scribe, Elnathan W. Hoyt ; F. S., Stephen L. 
 Preston ; Treas,, Charles A. Green; J. W., David Benjamin. 
 
 July 1, 1879.— C. P., Wright Rhodes; H. P,, Byram Miller; S. W,, Sam- 
 uel W. Roberts ; Scribe, Charles C. Foss ; F. S., Steplien L. Preston ; 
 Treas,, Charles A. Green; J. W., Ira S. Clausou. 
 
 Jau. 1, 1880.— C. P., Byram Miller; H. P., Samuel W. Roberts; S. W., 
 Ira S. Clauson; Scribe, Cliarles W. Roberts ; F. S,, Stephen L. Pres- 
 ton ; Treas., Charles A, Green ; J. W., Robert Lawrence. 
 
 Present OIHcers.— C. P., Samuel W. Roberts ; H, P., Ira S. Clauson ; S, W., 
 Wm. C, Borland ; Scribe, Robert Lawrence ; F. S,, David Benjamin ; 
 Treas., Charles A. Green ; J. W., George H. Kirby. 
 
 EXCELSIOR LODGE, No. 829, I. 0. G. T. 
 
 This is a temperance organization that has been ac- 
 tively in operation for some years. 
 
 Its present officers (July, 1880) are: W. C. T., 
 Joshua Briggs ; W. V. T., Lydia Wetzel ; W. R. S., 
 Robert Lawrence ; W. F. S., W. H. Randall ; W. T., 
 Mary E. Ackerman ; W. C, Mrs. D. S. Lowden ; 
 W. M., M. H. Wilson ; W. I. G., Emma Wilson ; 
 W. G. G., L. B. Russell ; L. D., S. Near. 
 
472 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 GERMANIA MANNERCHOR. 
 
 The present officers of this vigorous German asso- 
 ciation are Albert Loebs, Pres. ; Charles L. Humph- 
 rey, Vice-Pres. ; E. Simons, Sec. ; Herman Otto, 
 Treas. ; W. C. F. Bastian, Musical Director; Theo- 
 dore Breclit, Librarian. 
 
 The society have pleasant and convenient rooms at 
 Bastian's Hotel. 
 
 JUDDLETOWN BANK. 
 
 In the year 1839 an act of incorporation was ap- 
 plied for under the existing State baniiing act for a 
 bank to be established in the village of Middletown, 
 Orange Co., N. Y., and to be known and conducted 
 under the title of the Middletown Bank. Appended 
 to the application for a charter were the following 
 names of incorporators and subscribers to the capital 
 .stock : 
 
 Joshua Mulock, Daniel Greenleaf, Jesse Carpenter, 
 Wm. Graham, Isaac Ketchani, Gilbert Horton, Wm. 
 Arnout, John C. Wilbur, Moses Mapes, Oliver Hulse, 
 George S. McWilliams, John V. Mapes, Dr. John 
 Coukling, H. E. Horton, Henry Bull, H. P. Roberts, 
 John M. Stitt, I. H. Wickham, Cornelius Van Bus- 
 kirk, Wm. Hoyt, Geo. Horton, Dodge & Thompson, 
 Jesse Smith, David Moore, Isaac Hoyt, John Conk- 
 ling, A. S. Murray, Gilbert Horton, Wm. M. Gra- 
 ham, A. Wright, Joseph Davis, Stacey Beakes, Philip 
 Swartwovit. 
 
 All the requirements of the law having been com- 
 plied with, the application was granted, and soon 
 thereafter, on July 1, 1839, the incorporators met and 
 elected the following-named board of directors: 
 
 Messrs. .loseph Davis, Joshua Mulnck, Gilbert 
 Horton, William Graham, John C. Wilbur, George 
 Houston, Stacey Beakes, Israel H. Wickham, David 
 Moore, John Conkling, Samuel Denton, Henry P. 
 Roberts, Henry E. Horton, Samuel W. Brown, and 
 Gabriel Horton, who then completed the organiza- 
 tion by electing officers as follows : President, Joseph 
 Davis ; Vice-President, George Houston ; Cashier, 
 Alexander Wright. 
 
 • Of the above-named board but two still survive, 
 Mr. Samuel Denton, of this village, and Dr. John 
 Conkling, of Port Jervis. 
 
 The first business site of the bank was the building 
 on West Main Street now occupied by Daniel H. 
 Bailey, Esq., and since remodeled. This continued 
 to be the place of business for several years ; but in- 
 creasing custom and growing prosperity, together 
 with the need of a structure more substantially con- 
 structed and better ada|)ted to the business, prompted 
 a change of location. Accordingly a property on the 
 corner of North and what is now known as Depot 
 Streets was purchased at a cost of $900, and upon 
 it the structure long known as the " old bank build- 
 ing" was erected at a cost to the bank of $5800. In 
 this location the business was continued for many 
 years, and until the same causes which dictated the 
 
 first move made necessary a second. Then it was that 
 the proj)erty upon the site of \vhich the bank now 
 conducts business was purchased. This was in JIarcli, 
 1861, after which the building now occupied was 
 erected. 
 
 The bank commenced business, as near as data 
 enables us to ascertain, with a pi^id-up capital stock 
 of $77,000, which was increased first to $84,000, then, 
 in 1846, to $100,000, and further increased, in the year 
 1854, to .1!125,000, at which figure it .stood so long as 
 the institution continued to do business under State 
 laws. 
 
 Reorganization was had on July 1, 186'>, under tlie 
 provisions of the United States banking act, and the 
 title of the bank was amended so as to read " The 
 Middletown National Bank." The capital stock wa.s 
 increased at this time to the present amount, $200,000. 
 
 It is remarkable that the bank in its long career 
 has had at its head but three presidents, — Joseph 
 Davis, who held the office from the organization to 
 November, 186."); James B. Hulse, who was elected 
 upon the demise of Mr. Davis, and who held the 
 office from Nov. 11, 1865, to the date of Jan. 9, 1877, 
 when Thomas King, the present incumbent, was 
 chosen to the position. The first vice-president, Geo. 
 Houston, continued in office until he was succeeded 
 by Henry P. Roberts, Dec. 24, 1846, who in turn was 
 succeeded by John G. Wilkin, Feb. 25, 1860. 
 
 The first cashier, Alex. Wright, held the office un- 
 til he was succeeded by Wm. M. Graham, Sept. 5, 
 1844, who in turn was succeeded, Feb. 23, 1860, by 
 Jas. B. Hulse. Upon the election of Mr. Hulse to 
 the presidency, Thomas King became cashier, and 
 continued in the office until ^Marcb 1, 187n, when he 
 was succeeded by Daniel Corwin, who adnunisters the 
 duties of the office at this time. 
 
 On March 1, 1870, the office of assistant cashier was 
 created, and Nathan M. Hallock was elected to it. 
 
 The first clerk to the bank was Mr. Wm. M. Gra- 
 ham, who was appointed Oct. 14, 1841. The con- 
 ditions of his appointment were that he was to serve 
 without pay and to board himself for the first three 
 months, after which the bank was to find him board 
 for the remaining months of the year's service. Presi- 
 dent Joseph Davis gave his faithful and valuable ser- 
 vices for the sum of $300 per year, while the first 
 cashier, Alex. Wright, enjoyed a salary of .$90(i. 
 
 The first attorney to the bank was John E. Philips, 
 of Goshen, who was appointed Dec. 14, 1840. Such 
 was the primitiveness of the community that as yet 
 no disciple of Blackstone bad put out a shingle here. 
 But in 1841, JohuC. Dimmick, who had in the mean 
 time settled here, succeeded to the attorneyship, 
 which he held until succeeded by John G. Wilkin, 
 May 19, 1849. 
 
 The present board of trustees (1880) consists of H. 
 R. Wilcox, A. L. Vail, D. C. Dusenbury, John G. 
 Wilkin, Chas. H. Van Wyck, Daniel Thompson, 
 Daniel Corwin, Joshua Draper, Thomas King. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 473 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF MIDDLETUWN. 
 
 This institution was organized in October, 1864, and 
 opened for business soon after. Tlie first board of 
 directors consisted of Henry E. Horton, Wm. Evans, 
 Jr., Selah K. Corwin, Charles B. Roosa, Thomas B. i 
 Scott, Oliver B. Vail, Stephen S. Conkling, Coe 
 Koberteon, James J. Mills, Alanson Slaughter, Sam- 
 uel C. Howell, Theodore J. Denton, Jonathan Sayre. 
 Wm. Evans, Jr., was president; H. E. Horton, vice- 
 president; Daniel Corwin, cashier. Mr. Evans was 
 succeeded in 1875 by Wm. B. Royce, who is still the 
 incumbent of that office. David Corwin remained as 
 cashier until 1870, and was then succeeded by Wm. 
 L. Graham, the present cashier. The present board 
 (1880) consists of the following; Selah R. Corwin, 
 Wm. Evans, Oliver B. Vail (deceased, and vacancy 
 not filled), D. C. McMonagle, W. L. Graham, Thomas 
 C. Royce, Jonathan Sayre, James F. Dolsen, Alanson 
 Slaugliter, W. B. Royce, Theodore J. Dolsen. The 
 present vice-president is Selah R. Corwin. The capi- 
 tal of the bank was established at $10(1,000, and re- 
 mains the same at the present time. 
 
 William B. Royce. — His ancestors for five gene- 
 rations lived at and near Mansfield, Conn. Solomon 
 Royce, his great-grandfather, married Lydia Atwood, 
 •of Cape Cod, Mass., a descendant of one of the pil- 
 grims who came in the " May Flower" on her first voy- 
 age. The fruit of this union was six children, four 
 sons and two daughters, one of whom was Solomon 
 Royce, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, 
 who removed with his family from Mansfield, Conn., \ 
 to the town of Thompson, Sullivan Co., N. Y., in the 
 year 1804, and settled about three miles west of the 
 present village of Monticello, the year after its first 
 settlement by its founder, John P. Jones. Solomon 
 Royce, who during his early life had studied naviga- 
 tion, and for some years followed the sea, upon his re- 
 moval to Sullivan County, which was at that time 
 nearly an unbroken wilderness, turned his attention 
 to surveying, and had charge of the settlement of 
 nearly the whole of the western portion of the county, ; 
 and was instrumental in turning the attention of Ger- \ 
 man emigrants of the better class in that direction, 
 thus securing its early development and permanent 
 prosperity. His homestead contained about 300 acres 
 of land, most of which he cleared of its original 
 forest. He died in 1859, aged eighty-one years. His 
 wife, Nancy Billings, bore him eight sons and one 
 daughter, — Alpheus B., James F., Charles B., Edward 
 G., Thomas T., Margaret A., wife of Moses Bush, 
 Nathaniel A., Isaac B., and Stephen W. 
 
 All settled in Sullivan and Orange Counties except 
 Thomas and James, who located in Michigan. 
 
 Of these children, Alpheus B. was father of Wil- 
 liam B. Royce. During the former and latter part 
 of his life he resided at Monticello, and was engaged 
 in surveying. For a few years he carried on mercan- 
 tile business at North Branch, in Sullivan County, 
 .31 
 
 and from 1859 to 1868 he resided on the homestead, 
 to which he succeeded by inheritance. 
 
 He was one of the original surveyors that located 
 the surveys of the State of Michigan, and was one 
 of the engineers who had the supervision of the con- 
 struction of the Croton aqueduct. He also acted as 
 agent, and had charge of the sale of a large part of 
 the land in the northern and western part of Sullivan 
 County. 
 
 He acquired a large ])roperty in real estate in the 
 county, was influential in his town and county, and 
 was justice of the peace and supervisor of the town 
 of Callicoon, where he resided for many years. As 
 his father had been one of the founders of the Pres- 
 byterian Church at Monticello, and an active member 
 of it afterwards, so he also was a supporter of church 
 and kindred interests, and was one of the founders 
 and an elder of the First Presbyterian Church at 
 North Branch, in that county. He was born in 1803, 
 died in 1870, and his remains are buried at Middle- 
 town, N. Y. 
 
 His wife, Mary A., daughter of William Mangan, 
 of Sing Sing, N. Y., was born in 1811, and at the 
 time of her marriage to Mr. Royce was the widow of 
 Louis Purdy, by whom she had one daughter, Albina, 
 wife of Caleb W. Horton, of Tarry town, N. Y. 
 
 Alpheus B. Royce's children are William B. and 
 Anna E., wife of Daniel H. Webster, of Middletown, 
 the financial agent of Brown it Boyd, of Indian- 
 apolis. 
 
 William B. Royce was born in the town of Thomp- 
 son, Dec. 9, 1841, and obtained his early education in 
 the district schools, attending for a short time the 
 Monticello Academy and the public schools in New- 
 York City. 
 
 He was engaged in teaching school in 1860 and 
 1863, and in 1861-62 he was a clerk in the store of 
 W. D. Mangan, a flour and grain merchant of New 
 York. 
 
 In 1864 he was appointed a clerk in the United 
 States provost-marshal's office at Goshen, and in 1865 
 was made chief clerk of the oflSce, where he remained 
 until the fall of that year, and was transferred to 
 Albany to close up the records of the district, which 
 he did, and resigned his position in December of the 
 same year. 
 
 On Jan. 1, 1866, Mr. Royce came to Middletown, 
 and began the study of law in tlie office of James N. 
 Pronk, and was admitted to the bar at the February 
 term of the Supreme Court,' at Brooklyn, in 1867. 
 His early admission to the bar was quickened by hav- 
 ing studied law while a resident of Goshen. 
 
 Immediately after his admission as an attorney -at- 
 law he began the practice of his profession in Mid- 
 dletown, which he continued until April 1, 1875, 
 ] when he was elected president of the First National 
 Bank of Middletown, to the duties of which position 
 he has given most of his time since. 
 
 Since coming to Middletown Mr. Royce has been 
 
474 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 closely identified with the business and educational 
 interests of the village. 
 
 He was village clerk and attorney in 1869-70, 
 member of the Board of Education since 1878, was 
 elected supervisor of the town of Wallkill in 1879, 
 and by re-election has served the town in that ca- 
 pacity since, the last two years being re-elected with- 
 out opposition. 
 
 His wife, Mary E., daughter of William 0. Roe 
 and Catharine Sly, of Goshen, he married June 12, 
 1867. Their children are William F., Nellie B., 
 Herbert B., and Edith 0. 
 
 MIDDLETOWN SAVINGS-BANK. 
 
 A law authorizing the formation of this organization 
 was passed March 5, 1866. The authority thus conferred 
 was not, however, exercised until an act reviving and 
 amending the original .statute was passed, May 1, 1869. 
 The incorporators named in this amended law were 
 Elisha P. Wheeler, Jonathan M. Matthews, Joshua 
 Draper, Osmer B. Wheeler, David C. Winfield, Wil- 
 liam Evans, Benjamin W. Shaw, Hiram Brink, Hiland 
 H. Hunt, John W. Baird, William M. Graham, James 
 B. Hulse, John G. Wilkin, Horatio R. Wilcox, 
 Charles H. Horton, Gilbert O. Hulse, Harvey Everett, 
 Daniel C. Dusenbury, Henry B. Dill, Henry B. 
 Ogden, Linus B. Babcock, Stephen S. Conkling, 
 George L. Denton, William M. McQuoid. Levi Starr, 
 John H. Bell, Coe Robertson, Selah R. Corwin, Do- 
 rastus B. Irwin, Robert H. Houston, Rufus D. Case, 
 Leander Crawford, Ira M. Corwin, James J. Mills, 
 William W. Reeve, Lewis Armstrong, Albert H. 
 Russell, M. Lewis Clark, Charles Horton, Archibald 
 L. Vail, Uzal T. Hayes, Edward M. Madden. 
 
 After the necessary arrangements the bank was 
 duly organized, and commenced business in Septem- 
 ber, 1869. The first deposit made was the sum of 
 fifty dollars by S. S. Draper, a son of Dr. Joshua 
 Draper. At the present time (1880) the deposits 
 amount to about !!«)00,000. 
 
 The present trustees are Joshua Draper, president; 
 H. R. Wilcox and A. L. Vail, vice-presidents ; George 
 L. Denton, secretary and treasurer; John G. Wilkin, 
 Lewis Armstrong, M. D. Stivers, Selah R. Corwin, 
 S. H. Talcott, W. T. Hayes, G. (). Hulse, Wm. Mills- 
 paugh. 
 
 NEW YORK AND ERIE INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 This institution was incorporated in February, 
 1853, under the general insurance law, with a capital 
 of $100,000, which was increased to $150,000 a few 
 years later. It opened two departments, one for 
 farmers and the other for merchants. 
 
 It continued in business for a few years, but finally 
 became embarrassed financially, and its affairs were 
 finally closed up by the appointment of a receiver. 
 
 THE WALLKILL BANK ' 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation April 27, 1857. 
 The office was stated in the paper as established at 
 
 Middletown, the business to commence August 3d of 
 the same year. The enterprise was inaugurated in 
 accordance with this certificate. Under the national 
 law of a few years later it became a national bank. 
 Subsequently its afiairs became financially embar- 
 rassed, and the institution was closed about the year 
 1873. 
 
 THE MIDDLETOWN LIBRARY 
 
 was incorporated March 10, 1801. A meeting was 
 held at the house of Isaiah Vail, and the trustees 
 named were Benjamin Webb, H. B. Wisner, Isaiah 
 Vail, William T. Bull, Thomas Houston, B. H. Smith, 
 John Tinker, Elisha Reeve, Israel Wickham, and 
 Abel WoodhuU. 
 
 The chairman was Israel Wickham, and the paper 
 was verified by him before Judge Moses Phillips. 
 This institution thus incorporated became an actual 
 fact. Books of a valuable historical character were 
 purchased. A fragment of the original catalogue, in 
 possession of Mr. George Wickham, commences with 
 Marshall's " Life of Washington." In 1827 the asso- 
 ciation was reorganized, a new constitution being 
 adopted March 13th. A subscription for new mem- 
 bers had been made the previous year. March 31, 
 1828, there were two hundred and seventy-nine vol- 
 j umes. It does not appear from Mr. Wickham's 
 papers where the books were kept, nor how long the 
 library lasted. 
 
 THE ORANGE COUNTY MILK ASSOCIATION. 
 
 This organization, though now doing a business of 
 quite modern origin, was originally formed in 1843, 
 and was at that time nio.stly an agency for the sale of 
 Orange County milk, located in New York, and man- 
 aged by Mr. John M. Wood. That early organiza- 
 tion sold out in 1847 or 1848 to the present company. 
 The business soon after was considerably enlarged, 
 and represented extensive interests. In 1860 it was 
 incorporated by act of the Legislature. 
 
 Prominent in the management at that time were 
 Adrian Holbert, James M. Horton, George W. Alli- 
 son, James Kennedy, and Richard Decker. The 
 present large and commodious buildings in Middle- 
 town were erected in 1868. The business then became 
 more distinctly a local enterprise, manufacturing con- 
 densed milk mostly, with a small amount of butter 
 and cheese. Ten or fifteen bands are employed, and 
 at the height of the season from 10,000 to 11,000 
 quarts of milk are purchased daily of farmers. R. 
 Decker is the superintendent. The New York agency 
 is managed by George Conklin, at 27 Vestry Street. 
 
 THE SUTHERLAND FALLS MARBLE COMPANY, 
 WALLKILL, 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Dec. 31, 1856. 
 The objects were declared to be " the mining and 
 quarrying of marble, and the working and manu- 
 facturing of the same for any purpose for which 
 marble is or may be used." Tlie trustees named were 
 Henry P. Roberts, Elisha P. Wheeler, Edward M. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 475 
 
 Madden, William M. Graham, and John G. Williams. I 
 The operations of the company were to be carried on ; 
 in Middletown, and also in Rutland and Sudbury, 
 Vt. This was an enterprise that passed into other } 
 hands in a few years. It is understood to have been 
 a valuable franchise, the quarries covered by the ; 
 title yielding rich and abundant material. I 
 
 OIL AND MINING COMPANIES. 
 
 During the period of "inflation" immediately fol- 
 lowing the war, and developed by the excitement at- 
 tendant upon the discovery of petroleum, Middletown 
 had itj< full share of companies. They were formed 
 in good faith ; much territory that has since yielded 
 immense fortunes to other parties was covered by these 
 various papers. Considerable capital was expended, 
 but all the enterprises were sooner or later abandoned. 
 "We give the following list of incorporations as a part 
 of the history of that exciting period : 
 
 Middletown Lubricating Oil Company. — The 
 charter of this association was recorded in the oflfice 
 of the county clerk Dec. 28, 1864. The trustees named 
 in the instrument were Albert H. Russell, Levi Starr, 
 Charles H. Horton, Joshua Draper, Joseph Davis, W. 
 M. Graham, James B. Hulse, Jonathan M. Matthews, 
 George S. Thomas. The amount of the capital stock 
 was stated at $250,000, not to be paid in money, but 
 to consist of and be represented by land leases, wells, 
 etc. The operations of the company were to be car- 
 ried on in Middletown, and in the township of Cran- 
 berry, Venango Co., Pa., and elsewhere. 
 
 The Rock Oil Company of Middletown was 
 organized Dec. 31, 1864. The capital was stated 
 at $20,000, to be represented by the lands, leases, 
 wells, and other property of the company. 
 
 The object was declared to be the mining, boring 
 for petroleum, rock, carbon, or lubricating oils, coal, 
 salt, or other minerals. The names of the trustees 
 were Jonathan M. Matthews, Harvey Everett, Alger- 
 non S. Dodge, Levi Starr, William M. Graham, 
 Henry B. Dill, Leeman A. Tripp, John G. Wilkin, 
 and Charles H. Horton. 
 
 The King Oil Company of Middletown was in- 
 corporated by a certificate recorded in the office of 
 the county clerk, and bearing date Jan. 2, 1865. The 
 objects of the association were stated as "the mining 
 and boring for petroleum, rock, or carbon, afid lubri- 
 cating oils, coal, salt, or other minerals; the pur- 
 chase, leasing, developing, sinking, and working of 
 oil-wells, and the purchase or lease of oil or other 
 mineral lands, and the purchase and sale of such 
 leases and lands, and the forwarding of the products 
 to market." The trustees named were Ashbel C. 
 King, John K. Hotfry, Levi Starr, James B. Hulse, 
 Albert H. Russell, Joshua Draper, Jonathan M. 
 Matthews, Elisha P. Wheeler, Corvdon T. King, 
 John G. Wilkin. 
 
 The Wallkill Lead Company made an annual 
 report Jan. 19, 1865, showing capital stock to the 
 
 amount of $500,000 actually paid in. The debts were 
 
 stated at about $6200. 
 
 The report was signed by S. L. Crosby, E. A. Qeuis- 
 
 sant, S. A. Banks, George B. Satterlee, Hamilton 
 
 Odell. 
 
 THE DRAPER OIL COMPANY 
 
 was formed Jan. 31, 186-"). It was declared that the 
 operations of the company were to be carried on in 
 Middletown. The objects were stated to be the mining 
 or boring for petroleum-rock, or carbon, and lubri- 
 cating oils, coal, salt, or other minerals. The trustees 
 appointed were Joseph A. Bouvell, Asa Eaton, Charles 
 Horton, Albert H. Russell, William M. Graham, Levi 
 Starr, Edward M. Madden, James B. Hulse, John G. 
 Wilkin. The articles of association were recorded 
 Feb. 2, 1865. 
 
 THE ADAMS MINING COMPANY 
 was formed June 5,. 1868, wittf its principal place of 
 business at Middletown, and its mining operations 
 declared to be intended to be carried on in the towns 
 of Deerpark, Greenville, Mount Hope, Monroe, Corn- 
 wall, and Wallkill, in this county, as well as in cer- 
 tain other towns in other counties. Three trustees 
 were named, — Samuel Conklin, Emmet Moore, and 
 Stephen T. Hoyle. The stock was to consist of 40,000 
 shares, and the company to continue fifty years. 
 
 This was a later association than those of 1864 and 
 1865, but did not enter into actual mining operations. 
 
 THE MIDDLETOWN AND UNIONVILLE TELEGRAPH 
 
 COMPANY 
 was organized by a certificate filed in the oflice of 
 the county clerk, bearing date Oct. 22, 1867. The 
 capital stock was stated at $2000, divided into 40 
 shares of $50 each. The company was organized for 
 one thousand years, terminating on the first day of 
 October, a.d. 2867. The stockholders were Elisha 
 P. Wheeler, James N. Pronk, Hiland H. Hunt, Levi 
 Starr, William Evans, Dorastus B. Irwin, Marcus S. 
 Haynes, Henry A. Wadsworth, William H. Clark, 
 Asa Smith, Samuel V. Pierson, and John C. Wisner. 
 
 THE MIDDLETOWN BUILDING AND LOAN ASSO- 
 CIATION 
 was established Oct. 15, 1873, I. R. Clements, presi- 
 dent; G. G. McChesney, vice-president; Charles J. 
 Boyd, treasurer; H. S. Conklin, secretary. There 
 has been no change in these oflicers since the com- 
 mencement. The society is on the same plan as 
 similar associations in Philadelphia, to wit : the 
 cumulative system, dues, fines, interest, and all re- 
 ceipts pooled and kept until the gross sum will pay 
 every shareholder $200 on each share. The first 
 series ran out Feb. 17, 1880, when there was disbursed 
 $75,000. There are five other series running. Dues 
 are two dollars monthly on each share. 
 
 THE EVENING STANDARD ASSOCIATION 
 
 was organized in the village of Middletown, July 28, 
 
 ! 1877, for the purpose of publishing a temperance 
 
476 
 
 HISTORY OF OKANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 paper, to be uamed the Evening SlaiiJard. The capi- 
 tal stoek was fixed at iflOOO, to be divided into 100 
 shares of §10 eacli. Eleven trustees were appointed, 
 as follows : Asa Eaton, Leander Brink, Ethelbert 
 Selleck, Charles Roberts, James A. Wilkison, Charles 
 Bell, John F. Malette, Charles H. Mead, John W. 
 Hill, Charles T. Lyon, John C. Smith. This was an 
 eflbrt to establish a newspaper to distinctively advo- 
 cate the principles of temperance. Under this oi'gaui- 
 zation a paper was started with the above name, of 
 which >Ir. John F. Malette was the editor. It was 
 continued for about three months, when for various 
 reasons the undertaking was abandoned. 
 
 THE ZETESIAN DEBATING SOCIETY 
 
 was organized Oct, 25, 1877, by the election of the 
 following officers ; President, Henry P. Addis ; Vice- 
 "President, Joseph B. Hulett; Secretary, D. Dewitt 
 Schoonmaker ; Treasurer, N. Elmer Conkling. The 
 officers are elected to serve for three months only, and 
 the following gentlemen have presided over the societj' 
 since its organization: Henry P. Addis, S. Willard 
 Beakes, Walter R. Emory, Henry P. Addis, Andrew 
 J. Durland, Henry P. Addis (to fill vacancy), C. S. 
 Mills, Granville H. Fuller (to fill vacancy), S. W. 
 Addis. 
 
 The officers for the present quarter are: President, 
 Jas. McDermott; Vice-President, Philip S. Mosher; 
 Secretary, E. Irving Van Horn ; Treasurer, Moses 
 Vail. The Zetesian Literary Journal has since the 
 organization of the society been maintained by the 
 members. By the political division of the society 
 Mr. Ira F. Swalm is now editor of the Zetesian Demo- 
 crat, and Mr. Edwin R. Storm of the Zetesian Repub- 
 lican, thus giving each faction an exponent of its own 
 views. 
 
 The Zetesian bar, composed of those members pre- 
 pai'ing for the legal profession, has at various times 
 furnished the jiublic with entertainment in the shape 
 of mock trials, which were always greeted by flatter- 
 ing audiences. The society numbers about 20 mem- 
 bers, and is in a flourishing condition. 
 
 MIDDLETOWN GOSPEL TEMPERANCE UNION. 
 
 In April, 1877, a wonderful interest in the temper- 
 ance reform was develoj>ed <luriiig a series of meetings 
 conducted by C. M. Winchester, who was sent out 
 under direction of the Co-operative Temperance 
 Union of New York City. The meetings were so 
 large night after night that no room was found of suf- 
 ficient capacity to contain them, and a tent w-as pro- 
 cured. The revival continued until more than 3000 
 persons had signed the pledge. 
 
 It being deemed by some desirable to organize a 
 society, a meeting was called for that purpose, to be 
 held in the Congregational church, June 8, 1877. 
 
 The meeting was very fully attended by the citi- 
 zens, and proved to be the most exciting ever held on 
 the subject of temperance. A few persons, including 
 
 nearly all the clergy of the village, favored a pledge 
 for the society that shouki be general in its character, 
 without specifS'ing wine and cider; on the other hand, 
 3Ir. Winchester and many of the signers to his pledge 
 declared that to change the pledge would be to lower 
 the standard and weaken the force of the movement 
 then in progress. After a long and exciting debate 
 the vote was taken, and the following ])ledge adopted 
 as a basis of membership in the '' Gospel Temperance 
 Union" : 
 
 '' I promise, with tlie lielp of GoJ, that I will not make, buy, sell, or use 
 as a beverage any spirituous or nuilt liquors, wine, or cider; and I will 
 use my best efforts to induce all otheis to form and keep the same good 
 resolution." 
 
 The following officers were then elected, although 
 the parties favoring the weaker pledge had a list of 
 candidates nominated headed by a prominent minis- 
 ter of the village : President, C. M. Winchester ; Vice- 
 Presidents, E. M. Madden, Jr., Charles Bell, Mrs. 
 Chester Belding, John C. Smith, Win. Evans; Sec., 
 Thomas Featherstone; Treas., ;\Irs. Frank Fletcher; 
 Executive Committee, Chester Belding, A. A. Weller, 
 G. B. Fuller, A. J. Wilkison, Hon. W. J. Groo, Mrs. 
 L. Wheeler, Mrs. J. W. Ross, Mrs. Frank Fletcher. 
 
 The society continued daily temperance meetings 
 for some sixteen weeks after its organization, and 
 since that time it has held at least one public meeting 
 a week. 
 
 The present officers are: President, C. M. Winches- 
 ter ; Vice-Presidents, D. L. Conkling, E. M. Madden, 
 Jr., Hon. W. J. Groo, J. H. Millspaugh, E. Selleck ; 
 Sec, Charles Bell ; Treas., Leander Brink ; Executive 
 Committee, Hector Moore, T. L. Mills, J. E. Corter, 
 Charles Bell, Chester Belding, H. H. Jessup, Mrs. 
 Frank E. Burr. 
 
 WALI.KILL COUNCIL, No. 67, ROYAL TEMPLARS OF 
 TEMPERANCE. 
 
 The above society was organized at Middletown 
 Aug. 13, 1878. It was organized under a charter 
 granted by the Supreme Council. The object of the 
 order is the promotion of temperance and the creation 
 of a beneficiary fund for the relief of families of dis- 
 abled or deceased membere. 
 
 At the decease of a member, if a male, the family 
 receives $2000; if a female, SIOOO. In case of total 
 disability half the above sums, and the balance at 
 death. Wallkill Council pays its sick members $3 a 
 week by a special sick benefit department. Total 
 abstinence and a healthy physical condition is neces- 
 sary to membership. This council has now 81 mem- 
 bers in good standing, and is in a strong financial con- 
 dition. Its meetings are held in the Free Christian 
 Meetiug-House on Monday evening of each week. 
 The following are the present officers: Select Coun- 
 cilor. Chauncy B. Moore; Vice-Councilor, John C. 
 Smith; Rec. Sec, C. M. Winchester; Fin. Sec, John 
 M. Brink; Treasurer, U. D. Gee; Herald, Franklin 
 L. Mills ; Deputy Herald, Jennie F. Dusenbury ; 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 477 
 
 Chaplain, Ann S. Van Fleet; Past Councilor, C. M. 
 Conaiit, M.D. ; Guard, Josephine Jenkins ; Sentinol, 
 Geo. M. Smitli ; Med. Examiner, C. M. Conant, M.D. 
 The presiding and past officers from the beginning 
 have been Hon. W. J. Groo, Peter F. Miller, C. M. 
 Winchester, C. M. Conant, M.D., Chauncy B. Moore. 
 
 THE MIDDLETOWN HEBREW UNION 
 was incorporated by a certificate executed Feb. 19, 
 1880. The trustees named in and signing the instru- 
 ment were Benjamin V. Wolff, Joshua Mendelshon, 
 Adolph Budwig, Charles Wolff, Henry Harris, L. 
 Stern, Elias Simon, S. Lipfeld. 
 
 This is a new organization for social and benevolent 
 purposes, and bids fair to take its place among the 
 other important societies of this place. It is also a 
 religious society to maintain public worship and sus- 
 tain a Sunday-school. 
 
 X.-PLACES OF SPECIAL NOTE. 
 
 The town of Wallkill shares in the valuable lacus- 
 trine deposits that characterize Orange County, and in 
 the fo.ssil remains found in them. 
 
 In 1843 the remains of a Mastodon Maximus were 
 dug from a marl-bed on the farm owned at one time 
 by Mr. William Connor, a short distance from Scotch- 
 town. They were removed to Albany. 
 
 INDIAN SPRING. ' | 
 
 This spring is on the farm owned in modern times ' 
 by Hon. Judge Slaughter. The farm is situated east 
 of where the turnpike leading from Montgomery to 
 Mount Hope crosses Three-Mile Hill, and east of 
 Michigan. The spring was always known by this 
 name within Mr. Slaughter's recollection. In plow- 
 ing up a field on this farm for the first time many 
 Indian arrows were found, in length varying from 
 two to six inches. An axe of the hardest flint, and 
 as large as the hand, was also found, which is now 
 lost or carried away as a curiosity. 
 
 The tradition in the neighborhood is that some of 
 the Indians, for some cause not now known, became 
 offended with the family of Daniel Butterficld, and 
 determined to revenge themselves by murdering the 
 family. It was in midsummer, and when the grain- 
 fields were full grown. One day a bush was seen by 
 the family at an unusual place in the grain-field near 
 the house where the individual did not recollect to 
 have seen one before, and it attracted his attention. 
 While he thought upon it and stood for a little time 
 gazing in that direction, he thought he saw the bush 
 move slowly towards the house. He instantly con- 
 cluded there was mischief of some kind, if not death, 
 as well as an Indian under the bush ; and soon as pos- 
 sible, without noise, entered the house, and informed 
 the inmates of what he had seen and what he ex- 
 pected. Preparations for attack and defense proper 
 to meet the emergency were made in a moment. One 
 took his gun, well loaded for execution, and proceeded 
 to where he could see the bush, and where it was 
 
 moving directly towards him and the house. Here, 
 in secret and profound silence, he waited till the bush 
 should approach so near as to develop its friendly or 
 hostile character, and insure success in case he had to 
 fire upon it. The needful preparations, as far as 
 limited means and the approach of sudden danger 
 admitted, were arranged by the family in the house. 
 To each a duty was assigned, and, aware of the re- 
 sponsibility, they individually assumed to discharge 
 it as in a case of life and death. 
 
 The bush continued to move steadily and silently 
 forward, and in the direction of the house, — circum- 
 stances of awful import to all concerned. A thrill of 
 deepest excitement passed like lightning through the 
 bosom of the watchman, as he saw the danger approach 
 slowly and with apparent design, and thought of the 
 consequence of any failure on his part to arrest its 
 progress. The same all-absorbing and breathless 
 anxiety filled the inmates of the dwelling, where the 
 silence of death reigned, — no one daring to breathe. 
 The time for action came ; the watchman, with ex- 
 cited coolness, and eye upon the sight of his musket, 
 drew up ; took the deadly aim : the bush fell, and on 
 taking it up an enemy, and, as suspected, a red man 
 of the forest, with instruments of death in his hand, 
 was found beneath it. 
 
 XI.-INDUSTHIAIi PURSUITS. 
 
 The capacities of this town for successful farming 
 are fair. The surface is somewhat uneven and broken, 
 not mountainous, but yet decidedly hilly. The hills 
 extend mostly in a north and south direction, in 
 which they observe the usual physical law of this 
 region of country. The soil is of every variety ; per- 
 haps not as well adapted to grain as that of some 
 other'townsof the county, but excellent for pasturage 
 and meadow. 
 
 THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS. 
 
 In the spring of 1853, Messrs. Wilcox & Draper 
 commenced the manufacture of wool hats, erecting 
 for that purpose a new building on Railroad Avenue, 
 adjoining a stream of water skirting the eastern por- 
 tion of the village, 65 feet in front, with an addition 
 in the rear 60 feet in length. This was the first of the 
 several hat-factories which have added so much to 
 the business interests of Middletown, and have con- 
 tributed so largely to its growth. 
 
 The first firm was succeeded by Dr. Joshua Draper 
 alone for some years, then by Draper & Fuller, and 
 finally by Dr. Draper again, as at the present time 
 (1880). The factory is a large and splendid building, 
 six stories above the basement. Two hundred to two 
 hundred and fifty hands are employed. The capacity 
 of the factory is equal to the production of 200 dozen 
 wool hats per day, and 200 dozen straw hats. 
 
 The Babcock & Watrous Wool-Hat Manu- 
 factory was founded about 1869. It is located at the 
 corner of Mill and AVater Streets, and is a large brick 
 
478 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 building three stories in height, thoroughly fitted up 
 for the various operations required in the business, 
 and supplied with valuable machinery. Tlie original 
 firm was Babcock & Fuller. From 1873 to 1875 the 
 name was Babcock, Fuller & Co., two brothers Fuller 
 being members. In 1875 the latter retired to estab- 
 lish business for themselves mentioned below. I 
 
 The business was then continued by R. M. Babcock ' 
 until 1879, when George L. Watrous became a partner, 
 with the firm-name as stated above. The business is 
 extensive, requiring the employment of about 200 
 hands. The manufacturing capacity of the establish- 
 ment equals about 200 dozen hats per day. The busi- 
 ness is exclusively devoted to wool hats, of which 
 every variety is made. 
 
 The Fuller Bros. Hat Manufactory. — The 
 buildings for this important enterprise were erected in 
 1874. The firm was composed of men thoroughly ac- 
 quainted with all the details of the business, and they 
 commenced operations in 1875. Their facilities are 
 superior in every respect, large and commodious build- 
 ings, machinery of the best approved description, and 
 skilled workmen. They manufacture, as do the other 
 hat-factories of Middletown, a line of wool hats ex- 
 clusively, — comprises all varieties of children's, ladies' 
 and men's. Their capacity for turning out finished 
 work is about 250 dozen hats per day, and to do this 
 200 hands or more are employed. 
 
 THE MIDDLETOWN TANNERY. 
 
 This was established about 1827. Its facilities are 
 extensive. The buildings are large and commodious, 
 and conveniently situated on the stream of water that 
 flows through tlie southern part of the village. The 
 present firm is known as Howell, Hinchman & Co. 
 The business is one of considerable magnitude, giving 
 employment to a large number of men, and forming 
 an important industry of the town. 
 
 SAW MANUFACTORY. 
 
 This business was established about 1853 by a firm 
 consisting of Elisha P. Wheeler, Edward M. Madden, 
 and Josiah Bakewell. The building erected for the 
 business, on a lot of twelve acres secured for the 
 purpose, was 214 feet long and 40 feet wide ; the main 
 shop, 176 feet long; the hardening-shop, in a wing, 41 
 by 32 feet, with furnaces of ample capacity ; an engine- 
 room, in another wing, 41 by 26 feet ; and offices, 
 packing and storage-rooms ; the whole one of the 
 best designed and best equipped saw manufactories 
 in the United States. In 1860, Mr. William Clem- 
 son entered the firm, which then became known as 
 Wheeler, Madden & Clemson. Mr. Bakewell died in 
 1861, and in 1868, Mr. Lemuel Wheeler (son of E. P. 
 Wheeler) and Mr. Thomas D. Roberts became mem- 
 bers of the firm. In 1870, Mr. Roberts died, and Mr. 
 Lemuel Wheeler in 1873. The same year Mr. 
 William Millspaugh and Charles I. Humphreys en- 
 tered tlie firm, when the firm-name was changed to 
 
 " The Wheeler, Madden & Clem.son Manufacturing 
 Company." Mr. E. P. Wheeler died in 1876. The 
 present members of the firm (1880) are E. M. Madden, 
 William Clemson, William Millspaugh, Charles I. 
 Humphreys, and W. K. Stansbury. 
 
 Previous to 1862 the business was confined to the 
 manufacture of saws from imported steel, but at that 
 time, owing to fears of the interruption of the rela- 
 tions between England and the United States, the 
 manufacture of steel was begun here, and has since 
 been successfully continued. The saws manufactured 
 here have achieved a reputation second to none in the 
 country. 
 
 The valuable plot of twelve acres, secured at the 
 outset with a wise forethought of the future, has been 
 mostly retained for their own use, despite its in- 
 creasing value for building purposes arising from the 
 rapid growth of the village. 
 
 THE MONHAGEN STEAM AND WATER MILLS. 
 
 This important enterprise was founded in 1839, by 
 Henry Little, Esq., who erected the buildings at that 
 time. They were destroyed by fire in 1867. About a 
 year later they were rebuilt by S. D. Burns. Subse- 
 quently the property passed to Houston it Conkling, 
 who conduct the business at the present time. A 
 large amount of custom grinding is done, together 
 w^th a general flouring and feed business. 
 
 THE MANUFACTURE OF FILES. 
 
 This business was founded by the firm of King, 
 Cockayne & Co., about 1856. The individuals of the 
 firm were Sidney D. King, Corydon T. King, and 
 John T. Cockayne. The latter was an experienced 
 Sheflield meclianic. He has remained in the business 
 to the present time, though not continuously as a 
 partner. Mr. John Williams, one of tlie original firm, 
 established the Iron Age in Middletown, a valu- 
 able journal in the interest of the iron trade of this 
 country, which was afterwards transferred to New 
 York and published by his son, David Williams. For 
 a few years succeeding 1863 the firm was Wheeler, 
 Clemson & Co., they having bought the establishment. 
 
 In 1870, John T. Cockayne became a member of 
 this firm, and Isaac P. Madden also was admitted at 
 that time. Mr. George Rusher, one of the firm, died 
 in 1872, and Mr. E. P. Wheeler in 1876. The surviv- 
 ing members continued the business. The present 
 name of the firm is " The Madden & Cockayne File 
 Company." They employ about eighty hands. 
 Their establishment is extensive, and thoroughly 
 fitted up with the latest improved machinery. 
 
 CARPET-BAG FACTORY. 
 This industry in Middletown was established in 
 1853 by Matthews & Hunt, who had {)reviously been 
 in business for about ten years at Windham Centre, 
 Greene Co. They purchased a brick building adjoin- 
 ing the railroad track, and enlarged it to a building 
 115 feet in length, 40 in width, and three stories high. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 479 
 
 In 1867 the firm became " Matthews Bros.," consisting 
 of J. M. Matthews, J. E. Matthews, and J. F. Mat- 
 thews. The first named died in 1874. The present 
 style of tlie firm is Matthews & Co., dating under that 
 name from Jan. 1, 1875. Tlie business done is very 
 extensive. Their large and well-arranged factory is 
 supplied with the best modern machinery. About 
 thirty hands are employed, and such is the perfection 
 of the arrangements and the completeness of the 
 facilities, that the average daily capacity for turn- 
 ing out finished work is about twenty-five dozen 
 carpet-bags and satchels, with ten or twelve gross of 
 ladies' belts. In the twenty-seven years of the ex- 
 istence of this business it has steadily grown from 
 small beginnings to its present magnitude. It has 
 been and still is one of the most important industries 
 in Middletown. 
 
 ORANIJE COUNTY FURN.'VCE. 
 The buildings for this establishment were erected in 
 1842 by a firm consisting of Elisha P.Wheeler, Jonah 
 F. France, Edward M. Madden, and Joseph Lemon. 
 They were of brick, three stories in height, covering 
 an area of 100 feet front and 200 feet depth. In 
 January, 1857, the property passed to a new firm, 
 Martine, Mackay & Co. The business is very exten- 
 sive, and the buildings are favorably located. In later 
 years the proprietorship passed to A. L. Vail. John 
 W. Mackay, manager. 
 
 THE BOOK-BINDERY 
 connected with the Middletown Press is an industry of 
 considerable importance. Mr: Edward Schmitz, the 
 foreman of the binderies, has patented a method of 
 binding books giving a peculiar firmness to each 
 leaf, so that loose leaves are almost an impossibility 
 under Mr. Schmitz's method. In the Scientific Amer- 
 ican of July 14, 1877, may be seen a full explanation 
 of the method. It is, evidently, worthy the study of 
 the trade throughout the country. 
 
 THE MORGANS A WILCOX MANUFACTURING 
 COMPANY. 
 
 This firm manufactures wood-type and all forms of 
 wood-furniture used in printing-offices. The busi- 
 ness was originally established by Young & Morgans 
 at Napanoch, Ulster Co., where it was burned out in 
 the spring of 1880, resulting in a change of location 
 and partial change of firm. At Middletown the new 
 firm purchased about four acres of land on the corner 
 of North Street and Wisner Avenue, and erected a 
 building 100 feet front on the avenue, with two 
 annexes running back 70 feet. 
 
 DECKERS' MILLS, Etc. 
 Other business enterprises are mentioned to some 
 extent in connection with the villages. On theShawan- 
 gunk Kill in the north part of the town is the mill 
 of the Decker brothers. The present buildings, are 
 new. The mill was originally established by the 
 
 Olivers. It was afterwards owned by Judge Duryea, 
 and by several subsequent proprietors down to the 
 Deckers. 
 
 XII.-MIIilTAKY. 
 
 The muster-roll already given, in treating of early 
 settlement, shows the names of those who in 1738, 
 upon this sparsely-settled territory, were enrolled for 
 the defense of the province. Doubtless in the long 
 period of the French and Indian wars, 1745 to 1759, 
 there were one or more from this section engaged in 
 the colonial armies, but no record remains of any 
 such service. 
 
 During the war of tlie Revolution the people of 
 Wallkill are known to have been patriotic, and nobly 
 bore their share of public duty. Col. Wm. Faulkner, 
 then a captain, was in the service at the taking of 
 Fort Montgomery by the British, and received a 
 bayonet-wound in the side, which afi'ected him more 
 or less through life, though he lived to an advanced 
 age. He was brave, fearless, and a true patriot. In 
 the war of 1812, Col. Crawford, from this section, went 
 out with a company of cavalry to Harlem Heights. 
 
 The following article gives some items of local in- 
 terest in this war : 
 
 "FROM MY SKETCH-BOOK OF THE WAR OF 1812. 
 
 •' On K pleasant Sabbath afternoon, Sept. 5, 1813, when the temple of the 
 Prince of Peace had just been closed, onr little village was reminded that 
 the temple of Janus was still open, and some of us would likely be called 
 to serve in its bloody orgies. A stranger made his appearance and in- 
 quired for the residence of Col. Benjamin Webb. Early on Monday 
 morning the colonel ordered Capt. Vincent Clark to muster the Repub- 
 lican Blues at Middletown, witli three days' rations, and on the 8th to 
 proceed to Watelibrd, above Albany, and there, with other companies, to 
 be organized, under the command of Gen. Reuben Hopkins, for a north- 
 ern cauipaign. On Wednesday, the 8tb September, Ibe reveille struck our 
 ears, bre.aUinp; the stillness of the morning and calling us toarnis. Capt. 
 Clark's health nut permitting him to go, we were mustered in front of 
 Obadiah Vail's hotel, under Lieut. Stacy Beakes, when the toUowing per- 
 sons answered at roll-call: Lieut. Stacy Beakes, coniuiundjuit ; Nathan- 
 iel Penny, first sergeant; Privates, John Canfield, John B. Cox, Samuel 
 Cox, Abner Miller, Moses H. Corwin, Stephen Sayre, Andrew Grinsaulus, 
 Gabriel Hill, Daniel Pai«ons, David Youmans, Samuel Canfield, Henry 
 Coleman, William Penny, Joseph H.Owen, Joseph Keen, Peter Quick, 
 Alexander Parsons, John S. Clark, Matthew Faulkner, Benjamin Par- 
 sons. A number of farmers in the vicinity came in with their wagons 
 and offered to convey us to Newburgh, which offer was kindly accepted. 
 All things being ready. Rev. Abel .Tackson, in a very appropriate prayer, 
 commended us to the protection of Almighty God. 
 
 "W^e were soon under way, leaving our little village some less of its 
 inhabitants. It was a painful thought that, on my leaving home, there 
 were some that did not come to give us one cheerful parting word; their 
 sympathy was with the enemy, — ' England has done us no wrong.' Ar- 
 riving at Newburgh near nightfall, we were detained some time to await 
 the coming in of Capt. Deyoe's company from Ulster County, and the 
 sloop to get ready to take us to Albany, whore we arrived on the evening 
 of the 10th. The next day we took up our line of march to Waterford, 
 and pitched our tents on the hill north of tlie village, where we remainefl 
 several days. We began now to learn something of camp-life. Our ra- 
 tions were very good; anil by the kindness of Mr. Schoonoven, a lawyer 
 of the village, who had a field of potatoes that was only separated from 
 our camp by the highway, he gave us liberty to use what we wanted 
 while remaining there. He told us that he had a patch of onions near 
 his house, and his gardener would wait on us and sell them very cheap. 
 His kiiutness saved his potatoes from being wasted, and his unions were 
 not stolen. 
 
 " The companies ordered to muster here ha<l come in, ami we were or- 
 
480 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ganized and put under the command of Col. Abraham Hardenhurgli, of 
 Ulster County, James Talniadge. of Duchess County, lieutenant-colonel, 
 
 and ■, of Saratoga County, major. The regiment numhered about 
 
 8even hundred men, and was ordered to take up its line of march for 
 Whiteiiall, and on the ISth of September we struck our tents, and Capt. 
 Beakes marched out of Waterford with one hundred and twenty men. 
 We marched on to \YhitehaIl. and from thence by water on LakeCham- 
 pliiin to Plattsburgh. where we remained four days, and then on through 
 Clinton and Franklin Counties to Fort Hampton, one and a half miles 
 from the Canada line on the Montreal road, and forty-five miles from 
 that city. We were lialting at a tavern to take a rest on our way through 
 Franklin County. Capt. Beakes threw ofT his ci'ftton abed in the kitchen 
 to shave. In putting it on his pocket-book fell out unobserved. A sol- 
 dier belonging to the United States army was present, and finding the 
 pocket-book on the bed, made proclamation,' Who has lost a pocket-book?' 
 Our captain found his was missing, and describing the money, the sol- 
 dier gave it to him. The captain offered liim a five-dollar bill ; he re- 
 fused to take it. ' If you think that is not enough I will give you more.' 
 He refused to take anything. ' Will you take a treat ?' He refused that. 
 The soldier was a youth a little out of bis teens, of pleasing countenance. 
 I should like to know the future of that young man, endowed with such 
 sterling honesty. While at Fort Hampton some of the men belonging 
 to Capt. Hawly's company were amusing themselves at cards by a log 
 
 fire. Major came along and ordered the cards thrown in the fire. 
 
 Their sergeant was standing by, and said he would not have done it. 
 The major turned and struck the sergeant with the flat of his sword, and 
 ordered Capt. Beakew to put him under guard. Capt. Hawly's men soon 
 brought him out. The major, not willing to be foiled, stated his crime, 
 and ordered Adjutant Van Ransulaure to take a file of men and convey 
 liim to Gen. Hampton, at the Four Corners, for trial. 'I see,' says the 
 general, 'that he belongs to the New York Volunteers; you must try 
 your own men,' And that was the end of it. 
 
 *' Had we been brought into action wiih the enemy. Major would 
 
 not have lived to give orders for the second fire. Let it he known that 
 all otticers are not killed by the enemy. I lieard the remark often made, 
 ' If we get into battle my worst enemy shall die first.' Our colonel was 
 an honest old farmer from Ulster, and well thought of, but without mil- 
 itary talent. Lieut.-Col. Talmadge was an officer of strict discipline, and 
 yet bad the entire love and confidence of the regiment. I would also 
 say that Capt. Beakes waw in no danger from his own men. 
 
 "The object of calling the brigade of Gen. Hopkins was to keep back 
 marauding Indians from entering Clinton and Franklin Counties while 
 the United States army invaded Canada. Geii. Hampton, with five 
 thousand United States troops, lay at the Four Corners, three miles fiom 
 us, and had orders from the War Department to fonu a junction with 
 Gen. Wilkinson, at the Frencli Mills, twenty-four miles from the Four 
 Corners, and there, uniting with Wilkinson's eleven thousand men, the 
 combined army to make a descent upon Montreal. 
 
 "There was a road from the Four Corners to the French Mills, and 
 there was nothing to prevent Hampton from going there but a determina- 
 tion not to unite with Wilkinson, for by so doing he would be only sec- 
 ond in command. Thus the whole expedition failed. 
 
 "Gen. Hampton made us a call about the iiOth of October. The regi- 
 ment was drawn up in a line; he said, ' You make a very good appearance. 
 I have come to invite you to volunteer, and if yon do not I will dismiss 
 you and send you home in disgrace.' The contemptible 3Iississippi 
 slave-driver had no control over us. Our colonel some days after ordered 
 us to return to Plattsburgh, where we were discharged, and every one 
 went his own way. 
 
 " The ' Republican Blues' arrived home safe in November, after a tramp 
 of about seven hundred miles. We associated together while in camp, 
 and were designated throughout the army as ' them Middletowners.' 
 
 "Some time after my arrival home I read the official report of Gen. 
 Hampton to the War Department, and it was false throughout. As I 
 was on the spot I knew all about it. Entire reliance need not bu put in 
 all official reporis. 
 
 " The only persons yet living belonging to the ' Republican Blues' are 
 Alex. Paisons and myself. Moses H, Corwin.* 
 
 "MinnLETuwN, Sept. l(i, 1863.'' 
 
 * This article is furnished by Miss Sarah E. Wilkison, to whom it will 
 be noticed we are indebted for many items of public interest. Of Mr. 
 Corwin she says, " By request, Moses H. Corwin (father of Daniel Cor- 
 win) wrote this history, giving the names on the roll of the ' Republican 
 Blues,' and their campaign service. He was about seventy-nine yoare 
 old when he wrote it. He died in March, 1806. Ale.\. Parsons was the 
 last survivor. He died about ten years ago. 
 
 WAR OF 1861-65. 
 
 The reception of the news that war had commenced 
 was attended with the same results that everywhere 
 occurred throughout the North. Before the outburst- 
 ing enthusiasm of the people parties and partisan 
 considerations for a time disappeared. The national 
 colors flashed out from private residences, from the 
 places of business, from the spires of churches. An 
 enthusiastic meeting was held Saturday" evening, 
 April iiOth, at which Moses H. Corwin, a veteran of 
 the war of 1812, presided. Speeches were made, reso- 
 lutions adopted, and steps taken to immediately form 
 a company for the defense of the Union. 
 
 Women's aid societies were formed ; supplies sent 
 forward for suffering soldiers; the successive quotas 
 of the town were filled. 
 
 The quotas and credits of the town were as follows : 
 
 Quota. Credits. 
 
 Under calls of July and August, 1862 205 213 
 
 '* all calls from July, 1863, to July, 1864.... 198 157 
 
 " call of July. 1864 134 137 
 
 " call of December, 18G4 66 66 
 
 603 573 
 
 This statement fails to give the town the ftill credit 
 which it deserves, as it does not include enlistments at 
 the outbreak of the war. Prior to the July call (1862) 
 the town claimed to have furnished — 
 
 To Eighteenth Regiment 157 
 
 " Firty sixth " 43 
 
 " Fii-st Mounted Rifles 51 
 
 I " One Hundred and Third Regiment 2 
 
 214 
 
 The subsequent official credits were 573 
 
 I And the total 787 
 
 I To some extent adjoining Uiwns suffered in this 
 total prior to July, as enlistments made from them 
 at Middletown were claimed by Wallkill. Under the 
 settlement made with the Paymaster-General, in the 
 spring of 1865, the town was awarded for excess of 
 years and bounties the sum of $50,765. 
 
 OFFICIAL ACTION. 
 
 At a special town-meeting called in due form, and 
 held Aug. 8, 1864, it was voted to raise a tax not ex- 
 ceeding $100,000 for the purpose of paying bounties 
 to soldiers who might volunteer under the call of the 
 President of the United States for 500,000 men, said 
 call bearing date July 18, 1864. The amount of 
 bounty to be paid to each was left to the discretion of 
 the board of town auditors. The same bounty to 
 be paid to a volunteer was also vfited to any citizen 
 who should procure a substitute to be mustered into 
 the service prior to a draft. 
 
 The supervisor and town clerk were authorized to 
 sign and issue the necessary bonds in the name of the 
 town, to be paid in ten equal annual installments, 1870 
 to 1879, inclusive. Under this authority the town 
 auditors met Aug. 9, 1864, and voted a bounty of §^600 
 to each volunteer soldier; to each recruit furnished 
 by others $550, and to the person enlisting such re- 
 cruit $50. At a subsequent meeting it was voted to 
 vary the resolution so as to leave a recruiting-officer 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 481 
 
 and a recruit fie should secure to divide the $600 
 between them as they might agree. 
 
 August 24th, $100 "hand-money" was voted to 
 each recruit, or to the recruiting-officer and the re- 
 cruit. At another special town-meeting duly called, 
 and which was held Jan. 27, 1865, a tax not to ex- 
 ceed $75,000 was voted for the payment of bounties. 
 The necessary bonds were authorized, payable in four 
 equal annual installments, March 1, 1866, 1867, 1868, 
 1869. The amount of bounty to each was again left 
 to the discretion of the town board. 
 
 In pursuance of this authority the town board 
 offered $250 bounty for one year; $350 for two years; 
 $500 for three years, with $50 hand-money in each 
 case. The same ofl'er was made to any citizen fur- 
 nishing a substitute towards filling the town quota. 
 A committee on finance consisted of William Evans, 
 Jr., William M. Graham, James B. Hulse, James J. 
 Mills, Harvey McMonagle, Albert Mills, William M. 
 Dunning, JI. Lewis Clark. A committee on enlist- 
 ments consisted of James W. Hoyt, Elliot A. Cole- 
 man, Charles M. Miller, James J. Mills, Arch. L. 
 Vail, Harvey McMonagle, Gilbert J. Beebe, John G. 
 Wilkin, Horatio R. Wilcox, Joseph Kernochan, Ben- 
 jamin W. Shaw, Timothy Cohalan, Samuel Conkling, 
 Stephen Sweet, John H. Bell, Andrew Wilson, Jr., 
 James H. Horton, Ira M. Corwin. 
 
 Jan. 31, 1865, the hand-money was made $100. 
 
 THE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT OF MIDDLETOWN 
 
 was built by the St. Johnsbury Granite Company, of 
 Vermont. It is made entirely from their quarry, and 
 stands twenty-two feet in height. It is made up of 
 seven different blocks, and all of them are fitted to-' 
 gether in the most workmanlike and finished manner, 
 the edges, mouldings, corners, and lettering being 
 perfect in execution, so much so that a close scrutiny 
 fails to detect a single blemish. 
 
 The first three blocks are square bases, and are finely 
 proportioned one with the other, the third one run- 
 ning into an octagon, on the four corners of which are 
 four cannon. Next comes an octagon polished die, 
 on which rests a handsomely moulded cap and plinth, 
 the whole surmounted by the figure of a private sol- 
 dier. The face of every piece, with the exception of 
 the lower base, presents a polished surface. 
 
 To the west, fronting North Street, on the second 
 and third bases is inscribed in handsome sunken and 
 raised letters the following inscription : 
 
 Erected 
 
 A.D. 1879, 
 
 To the memory 
 
 of the Soldiers of the town of 
 
 WaUkill. 
 
 The War of the Rebellion, 
 1861-180.5. 
 
 On the north side the inscription reads, " Wallkill's 
 tribute to her brave defenders;" on the south side, 
 " Our comrades, they died for their country ;" on the 
 
 east side, " Fraternity, Charity, Loyalty." On the 
 eight sides of the cap-stone above the die are cut the 
 badges of the army corps, while on the plinth above 
 is a large monogram of the letters N. Y. S. V. 
 
 The crown-piece of the whole monument is the seven- 
 feet figure of a private soldier dressed in regulation 
 army overcoat, fully accoutered, and standing at 
 " Casey's parade rest." 
 
 The monument was dedicated Sept. 5, 1879, with 
 the following programme : prayer, by Rev. Augustus 
 Seward; song, Mannerchor; oration, Maj.-Gen. Kil- 
 patrick ; ode to Wallkill soldiers, written for the oc- 
 casion by J. Owen Moore, sung by L. L. Ross and 
 others ; address, C. H. Winfield ; song, Mannerchor ; 
 original poem, by A. A. Hopkins, of Rochester ; ad- 
 dress, Rev. Mr. Osborn ; song, " Tenting on the old 
 camp-ground;" benediction. Rev. Mr. Dows. 
 
 SOLDIERS' LIST, WAR OF 1861-65. 
 
 The following list has been prepared from official 
 sources, from the files of the Middletown Press, 1861 to 
 1865, and by general inquiry. It probably contains 
 the names of nearly all the men from the town, and 
 perhaps some belonging elsewhere. The difficulty of 
 supplying an accurate list after the lapse of so many 
 years needs only to be stated to be appreciated. 
 
 William S. Avery, Co. A, 168th ; eiil. Oct. 4, 1862. 
 
 William S. Ayers, sergt., Co. A, 5Sth ; enl. May 26. 1861. 
 
 Charles F. Allen, 1st lieut., Co. D, 56th; eul. Sept. 21, 1861. 
 
 Charles F. Allen, Ist lieut., Ist Mounted Rides; enl. 1861 ; res. March 
 
 21, 1862. 
 ; John Arnold, wagoner, 1st Mounted Ritles; enl. 1861. 
 I Robert Aiken, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. 1861. 
 S. F. Anderson, Co. K, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 Thomas Alexander, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27, 1801 ; pro. to Corp. and 
 
 sergt. June 1, 1862 ; wounded at Gaines' Mill ; on duty subsequently 
 
 at Camp Distribution. 
 Henry C. Baker, coi-p., Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 21, 1862; served until 
 
 mustered out with regiment. 
 Tallmadge Burhans, Corp., Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; must, out 
 
 with regiment. 
 James Brown, Co. H, 166th ; enl. Sept. 17, 1862. 
 James Broghan, Co. 1, 175th ; enl. Sept. 5, 1862. 
 Nathan Barr, Corp., Co. A, 168th; enl. Sept. 29, 1862. 
 Albert N. Brundage, Co. A, 16Sth ; enl. Sept. 30, 1862. 
 Charles Barr, Co. E, 176th ; enl. Oct. 21, 1802. 
 Stephen M. Brown, Co. G, 170th ; enl, Nov. 6, 1862 ; had before served in 
 
 Co. D, 18th Regt., enlisting April 27, 1861, and from which he waa 
 
 discharged for disability Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Adam W. Beakes, Co. E, 124tli ; eul. Aug. 9, 1862 ; severely wounded May 
 
 3.1863; lost left arm ; discharged. 
 William Brown, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862. 
 I William W. Bailey, sergt., Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; wounded at 
 
 Chancellorsville ; discharged March 28, 1864 ; credited to Wawayanda. 
 William K. Brundage, Co. D, .56tli; enl. Aug. 1, 1861. 
 James Benjamin, Co. E, 5Cth ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 Wm. H. Bahcock, Co. E, 56th ; enl. Sept. 5, 1861 ; wounded October, 1862. 
 John L. Brundage, 124th; enl. 1802. 
 John Botts, Co. E, 56tli ; enl. Aug. 10, 1861. 
 Alfred Bouudgord, Corp., Co. E, 66th ; enl. July 10, 1861. 
 William L. Baxter, corp., Co. E, 56th ; enl. July 12, 1861. 
 Oiarles Baker, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Sept. 27, 1861. 
 John Burns, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Sept. 21, 1861. 
 John Boyd, Co. D, 5Bth; enl. Oct. 2, 1861. 
 David Babcock, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 21, 1864, 1 year; must, out with 
 
 regiment. 
 Wm. Bennett, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Sept. 8, 1864, 3 years ; trans, to 93d. 
 John Bishop, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Oct. 6, 1864 ; trans, to 93d. 
 
482 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 John E. Beard, Co. K, 124th; enl Aug. 20, 1864, 1 year; must, out with 
 
 regiment. 
 Winslow Bibbee, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 20, 1864, 1 year; disch. May 
 
 3, 1865, at Iiospital. 
 James Harvey Brush, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 19, 1804; enl. for 1 year ; 
 
 died of typhoid fever Marcli 22, 1865. 
 James R. Braisteil, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 29, 1864, 1 year; must, out 
 
 June 3, 1865. 
 George W. Brown. Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 25, 1864, 1 year; must, out 
 
 June 3, 1805. 
 Daniel A. Brown, Co. D, i8th ; enl. April 27, 1801 ; detailed as teamster 
 
 Nov. 25, 1861. 
 Julius Becking, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27, 1861 ; wounded at Charles 
 
 City Cross-roads, 1802. 
 John Brown, Co. H, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861. 
 Sidney Bakewell, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861. 
 Edward Bailey, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27, 1801. 
 George Barry, 1st liout., Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; pro. to capt. 
 
 Nov. 11, 1861 ; fell mortiUly wounded at Gaines' Mill, June 27, 1862, 
 
 and was bui'ied on the field. 
 Samuel Barry, corp., Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1801 ; pro. to sergt. Dec. 
 
 1, 1861 ; brother of Capt. Barry. 
 Nathan Bryan, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; served full term ; a ua- 
 
 tive of Montgomery. 
 James L. Benjamin, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1S61 ; a native of Wawar- 
 
 sing, Ulster Co. 
 Alvin Barringer, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27. 1861. 
 James Brown, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27,1861; acting sergeant-major 
 
 Aug. 10, 1862; accidentally wounded May 7, 1862, while unstacking 
 
 arms. 
 James L. Braymer, enl. April 27, 1861-. 
 Nathaniel Bibbens, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; taken prisoner at 
 
 Gaines' Mill, June 27, 1802; returned to duty Aug. 7, 1802; dis- 
 charged Feb. 16, 1863. 
 John Brown, Co. H, I8th : enl. May 17, 1861 ; served full term faithfully. 
 George Blake, sergt., Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; wounded at Gaines' 
 
 Mill ; returneil to duty Jan. 2, 1803. 
 William II. Babcock, Co. H, IStli ; enl. May 17, 1861; served full term. 
 Samuel Babcock, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1801 ; brother of William H. 
 
 Babcock ; served full term ; must, out May 27, 1803. 
 John E. Brewster. Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; served full term ; 
 
 native of Sullivan County. 
 Charles Baker, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 John Burns, Ist Mounted Rifles ; enl. October, 1861. 
 George E. Beakes, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 John Boyd, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 John Botta, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 Samuel Benton, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 George Batten, Ist Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1801. 
 Sanford Briggs, let Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 William G. Birdsall, 124th : enl. 1862. 
 D. Smith Bookstaver, lOSth ; enl. 1863. 
 Oliver Besley, 166th ; enl. 1803. 
 Albert N. Brundage, 168th ; enl. 1863. 
 Robert H. Bohn, 166th ; enl. 1862. 
 George E. Buren, 108th ; enl. 1862. 
 Stephen M. Brown, enl. 1862. 
 Henry H. Brown, enl. 1862. 
 Lewis W. Baxter, Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 9,1862; wounded in body 
 
 May 12, 1864; died May 14,1864. 
 Augustus Bull, 124th. 
 Samuel Bull, Penn. regt. 
 James A. Beakes, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; on detached service, 
 
 and mustered out by G. 0. 77. 
 John James B. Boak ; lost his life in the service ; brought home for burial. 
 Dr. George A. Beakes. 
 
 Mark Cosgrove, sergt., Co. H, 156tli ; enl. Sept. 19, 1862. 
 John Castleton, Co. H, 156th ; enl. Sept. 17, 1862. 
 Robert Curry, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Sept. 27, 1862. 
 Wm. H. Courier, Co. K, 124th; trans, to Yet. Hes. Corps; died in the 
 
 service. 
 John Connor, Co. A, 108th ; enl. Oct. 6, 1862. 
 Coe G. Conklin, Corp., Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 28, 1862. 
 Alexander Campbell, Co, C, 170th ; enl. Sept. 17, 1862. 
 Joseph Carmichael, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 20, 1862. 
 George Conklin, Co. K, 124th; enl. .\ug. 24, 1864, 1 year; mustered out 
 
 June 3, 1865. 
 
 John J. Crawford, Co. K, 124th : enl. Aug.l2, 1862; pro. Corp., and subse- 
 quently sergt.; mustered out with regiment. 
 George W. Canfield, musician, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 22,1862; trans. 
 
 Vet. Res. Corps. 
 Wm. V. Christie, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 23, 1862; trans, to Co. D ; 
 
 credited to Warwick. 
 Jason R. Conning, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 19, 1802 ; pro. corp. and sub' 
 
 sergt.; credited to Hamptonburgh. 
 John Carroll, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1S02 ; killed at Gettysburg, 
 
 July 2, 1863. 
 Gordon B. Cox, Co. K, 124th ; enl. July 31, 1862 ; wounded at Chancel- 
 
 lorsville ; died of wounds May 4, 1863. 
 Nathaniel J. Conkling, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 0, 1862; wounded at 
 
 Chancellorsville ; trans, to Co. D. 
 Jonathan Corey, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; disch. April 1, 1803; 
 
 died in regular service after the war. 
 Wm. H. Courter, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 4, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. 
 
 Corps. 
 Wm. W. Carpenter, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 22, 1802 ; pro. Corp. Oct. 
 
 1, 1864 ; sergt. Nov. 15, 1864. 
 Gabriel Colby, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; wounded May 24, 1864, in hip, 
 
 slight. 
 Cornelius Crans, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 19, 1862; wounded at Chancel- 
 lorsville, May 3, 1803, and in Wilderness, May 5, 1864, where he 
 
 was taken prisoner; paroled and returned to Annapolis; mustered 
 
 out by Order 77. 
 William Connelly, Co. K, 124th ; ejil. Aug. 21, 1802. 
 Benjamin F. Clark, Co. D, 56tli ; enl. -\ug. 1, I86I ; pro. 2d lieut. Aug. 5, 
 
 1862 ; resigned Feb. 7, 1804. 
 John Connell, Co. D, .56th ; enl. Aug. 1, 1861. 
 John Coddiugton, Co. E, 50th ; enl. Aug. 10, 1861. 
 John Call, Co. E, 56th : enl. Aug. 16, 1801. 
 John C. Calhoun, Co. E,50th; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 W. B. Cranishaw, Co. E, 6Cth ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 James Crawford, corp., Co. E, 56th; enl. July 20, 1861. 
 Daniel Conklin, Co. M, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 19, 1864; also Co.K, 124th. 
 James H. Conklin, Co. K, 124th ; enlT Aug. 12, 1862; detached as brigade 
 
 blacksmith; credited to Montgomery. 
 Nicholas K. Crotty, Corp., Co. K, 124th ; enl. Sept. 1, 1864. 
 Peter B. Craft, Co. H, 18lh ; enl. 1861. 
 Michael Callahan, Co. K, 124th ; enl. at Utica, Sept. 8, 1804 ; trans, to 93d 
 
 Regt. 
 Jonah Conklin, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 19, 1864. 
 Charles Cable, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 17, 1864; wounded at Sailor's 
 
 Creek, April 4, 1S65; mustered out by G. 0. 77. 
 Samuel Call. Co. K, 124th ; enl. Sept. 1, 1864 ; in hospital ; mustered out 
 
 by G. 0. 77. 
 Abraham Cronk, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 22,1864; wounded, April 0, 
 
 1865, at Sailor's Creek ; mustered out by G. 0. 77. 
 Andrew Conklin, Co. K, 124th; enl. Sept. 2, 1864; wounded April 2, 
 
 1865, near Boydtown Road; mustered out by G. O. 77. 
 Moses C. Conklin, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 30, 1864. 
 Thomas Curry, corp., Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; pro. sergt. July 
 
 1, 1862 ; was the flag-bearer of the company in every engagement 
 
 from first Bull Run to second Fredericksburg. 
 Ernest J. Crist, Co. D, IStli ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; served full term faith- 
 fully ; accidentally drowned at Albany, May 17, 1863, while waiting 
 
 to be mustered out. 
 Henry Clay, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27, 1861; was in every action; a 
 
 native of Virginia. 
 Theodore M. Coftee, Co. D, 18th ; .enl. April 27, 1861 ; was company 
 
 pioneer; served full term. 
 Robert Conklin, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27, 1861; served full term; a 
 
 native of Monroe. 
 Vinson II. Clark, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861. 
 Sanford Clauson, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861; pro. corp. June 1, 
 
 1862. 
 Wm. E. Carmichael, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; 2d lieut., May 1, 
 
 1861; 1st lieut., Nov. 6, 1861; resigned July 8, 1862; a native of 
 
 Middletown. 
 Elijah L. Chadderlon, Co. H, 18th; enl. 1861 ; 3d Corp.; pro. color-sergt. 
 
 Dec. 5, 1861. 
 Samuel B. Cole, Co. H, 18th; enl. May 17, 1861; wounded in leg at 
 
 Crampton Pass, Sept. 14, 1802 ; leg amputated Sept. 10, 1862 ; died 
 
 Oct. 21, 1862, at Burketsville, Md.; a native of Orange County. 
 Wm. H. Chapman, Co. H, ISth ; eul. May 17, 1861 ; served full term ; 
 
 from Liberty, Sullivan Co. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 483 
 
 John Callan, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; died at hospital, Annapo- 
 lis, May 26, 18C2. 
 
 Decatur Carmicliael, Co. D, 18th ; enl. Sept. 8, 1862; a years' man ; trans, 
 to 121st Regt. to complete term ; a native of Wallltill. 
 
 Moses Carlisle, Ist Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 
 Squire W. Carey, 166tli ; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 Theron B. Clarlt, 166th; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 John Cannon, 168tli; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 Moses Crist, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 30, 1802; wounded in knee May 3, 
 1863; pro. 1st Corp.; wounded in arm April 0, 186j ; credited to 
 Wawayanda. 
 
 Paniel Carpenter, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 23, 1802 ; pro. Corp. ; wounded 
 at Chancelloi-sville ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps; credited to Goshen. 
 
 James Clarli, served in Seminole, Mexican, and civil ware; died Aug. 
 22, 1864. 
 
 Harvey Crawford, 44th ; killed at Fredericksburg. 
 
 James Devine, Corp., Co. H, 166th ; enl. Sept. 4, 1802. 
 
 Sylvester B. Downing, Co. H, 18th, enl. May 17, 1801 ; Co. L, loth Cav., 
 enl. Dec. 14, 1863. 
 
 George Downs, Co. G, 176th ; enl. Nov. 8, 1862. 
 
 Solomon Davenport, Co. K, 124th; enl. Oct. 6, 1804; killed April 6, 186,'), 
 at Sailor's Creek. 
 
 Isaac W. Daley, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded Slay 3, 1863 ; 
 trans, to 'J3d. 
 
 Jacob Denton, aergt., Co. K, 124tli; enl. Aug. 1,% 1S62; pro. to lieul. ; 
 killed at Cbancellorsville; credited to Goshen, 
 
 Smith Denman, Co. E, ,=iOtb ; enl. Sept. 1, 1861. 
 
 William Dolan, Co. K, 1 J41h ; enl. Sept. 6, 1864. 
 
 Isaac DuBois, Co. D, 66th ; enl. Sept. 24, 1861. 
 
 Dennis Davis, Co. M, 10th Art. ; enl. Jan. 20, 1864. 
 
 Scth W. Davey, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1864. 
 
 John DeHart, Co. K. 124th ; enl. Aug. 20, 1864. 
 
 Edward DeHart, Co. K, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 2.5, 1864. 
 
 Nicholas C. Drake, Oo. K,124t)i, enl. Aug. 15,1862 ; disch. Jan. 28,1863; 
 credited to Nevvburgb. 
 
 Jacob Denton, 1st sergt, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1802; pro. to 2d 
 lieut., liut not mustered; kifled at Cbancellorsville, May 3,1863; 
 credited to Wawayanda. 
 
 Alfred Decker, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; Corp., June 1, 1862; in 
 every engagement and skirmish. 
 
 Isaac Decker, corj)., Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 31, 1862; killed at Gettys- 
 burg, July 2, 1803 ; credited to Wawayanda. 
 
 John Delaney, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; a native of New York, 
 but resident of Middletown ; re-enl. in loth Cavalry. 
 
 James Dailey, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27, 1861 ; shot dead in battle at 
 Gaines' Mill, June 27, 1862; a native of Ireland ; residence, Middle- 
 town. 
 
 Joseph Davis, Co. D, I8th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; served full term ; a native 
 of Deposit, Broome Co. 
 
 Wm. H. Daniels, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27,1861; wounded at Gaines' 
 Mill and sent tt.> hospital ; must, out with company. 
 
 Wm. Drown, 1st Mounted Rifles ; enl. October, 1S61. 
 
 Martin Dunn, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 
 Michael Durliam, 166th ; eiil. 1862-63. 
 
 Wm. J. Dailey, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; killed at Cbancellors- 
 ville. 
 
 Wm. L. Dougherty, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862; wounded May 3, 
 1863; probably taken prisoner Oct. 27, 1804; credited to Newburgh. 
 
 Tbeophilus Dolseu, Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; pro. to let sergt.; 
 wounded May, 1864 ; credited to Mount Hope. 
 
 George Dunwoody, Co. E, I24tb: enl. at Bloomingburgh, .\ug. 12, 1862; 
 disch. Nov. 8, 1862 ; credited to Wallkill. 
 
 Wm. M. Drake, Co. E, 124th ; enl. at Bloomingburgh, Aug. 16, 1862 ; cred- 
 ited to Wallkill ; disch. Nov. 8, 1862. 
 
 Ira S. Edwards, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 
 Hiram Edwards, Co. A, I68II1 ; enl. Nov. 3, 1802. 
 
 Theodore Ensozlin, Co. E, 176th; enl. Nov. 4, 1862. 
 
 Aaron F. Edwards, Co. G, 176th ; enl. Oct. 18, 1862. 
 
 Chas. M. Everett, Co. E, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 19, 1862 ; wounded in hip at 
 Cbancellorsville; credited to Wawayanda, but residence in Wallkill. 
 
 James Edwards, Co. E, 56th ; enl. Sept. 1, 1861. 
 
 James M. Eaton, Co. U, 56tli ; enl. Oct. 10, 1861. 
 
 George W. Elliston, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 25, 1804. 
 
 Wm. A. Elliston, Co. D, 18tb ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; fell out of ranks on 
 
 march Aug. 30, 1862 ; sent to hospital ; died Nov. 6, 1862. 
 Frederick Eblridge, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; served full term. 
 
 James Eaton, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 
 Judson Elston, 124th ; eul. 1862. 
 
 Henry T. Edsall, 166th ; enl. 1802-63. 
 
 Theodore Elisylm, 166tli; eul. 1862-63. 
 
 Henry Elliot, lOOtli ; enl. 1862-63 
 
 John Frame, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 13, 1862. 
 
 William H. Faulkner, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 18, 1862; killed in action 
 
 May 12, 1864, at Spottsylvania. 
 James French, Co. A, 168tli ; enl. Oct. 13, 1862. 
 John Flynn, Co. K, 124tb ; enl. Aug. 9, 1864. 
 John S. M. Foster, Co. G, 176th ; enl. Oct. 28, 1862 ; re-enl. in IStli Art. 
 
 Jan. 22, 1861. 
 Samuel Fox, Co. G, 176th ; enl. Oct. 9, 1862. 
 Fred. N. Friend, Co. A, 19th; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 Stephen W. Frost, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 8, 1802. 
 Alonzo S. Frost, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with regi- 
 ment. 
 Hugh Folejs Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; tr%n8. to V. R. C. Sept. 30, 
 
 1863. 
 William 0. Fuller, Co. D, 66th; enl. Oct. 4, 1861. 
 Henry Fonda, Co. D, 66th ; enl. Sept. 23, 1861. 
 Thomas Farrell, Co. M, loth Art. ; enl. Jan. 21, 1864. 
 Samuel F. Fredericks, Co. K, 124tli; enl. Sept. 13, 1864. 
 John Farrell, Co. K, 124th ; eul. Sept. 3, 1864 ; enl. for 1 year : residence 
 
 Middletown; must, out Juno 3,1865; died from injuries received 
 
 after his return, June 21, 186,'i. 
 Rineer Fisher, Co. K, 124th ; eul. Sept. 8, 1864. 
 Stephen D. Fuller, Oo. D, 18th : eul. April 27, 1861 ; disch. for disability 
 
 July 1, 1862. 
 Amzi Fuller, Co. D, 18th ; enl. Apiil 27,1861; pro. to Corp. Oct. 12, 1861. 
 Peter M. Fullerton, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27,1861; pro. Corp. Dec. 1, 
 
 1861 ; wounded at Crampton's Pass. 
 Ira J. Fisher, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; was in all engagements 
 
 up to second Fredericksburg. 
 John Ford, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1S61 ; a native of England. 
 Fred. Formosa, 1st Slounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 Peter Fiaglei-. 1st Mounted Rifles ; eul. October, 1861. 
 Benjamin Fullerton, 166th; enl. 1862-63. 
 Wm. Faulkner, 168th; enl. 1862-63. 
 Archibald Freeman, Co. E, 124th; enl. 1862; pro. to 4th sergt. ; wounded, 
 
 May 12, 1804. 
 Charles H. Foster, died in Libby prison. 
 
 Hiram L. Foster, 4tli N. Y. .\rt. ; died of fever ; brought home for burial. 
 George Foster, 4th N. 1'. Art.; died of disease. 
 H. Gill, Co. H, 156th ; enl. Sept. 22. 1862. 
 J. Goulban, Co. H, 156tb ; enl. Sept. 25, 1862. 
 Francis B. Gale, Co. A, 168th; eul. Jan. 2, 1863. 
 John Green, Co. C, 176th; enl. Nov. 3, 1862. 
 Peter Greeu, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Nov. 1, 1862. 
 Samuel McJ. Gillespie, Co. G, 176th ; enl. Sept. 18, 1862. 
 George Godfrey, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; died in prison at Rich- 
 mond, Va., Nov. 20, 1863 ; son of Samuel Godfrey, of Burlingham, 
 
 Sullivan Co. 
 Sylvauus Grier, Co. K, 124tb ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862; wounded at Chancol- 
 
 lorsville ; discharged on account of wounds, Nov. 4, 1864, by order 
 
 of Geo. Hancock ; credited to Gosbeu. 
 Charles Godfrey, Co. K, 124tb; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; detailed as brigade 
 
 teamster. 
 Jacob Gilllespie, Co. D, 86th ; enl. Oct. 7, 1861. 
 David Godfrey, sergt., Co. D, 50th ; enl. Sept. 24, 1861. 
 Theodore W. Gibbs, Corp., Co. D, 50th ; enl. Sept. 24, 1861. 
 Horace Green, Co. D, 56tb ; enl. Oct. 3, 1861. 
 Edmund Genung, enl. April 27, 1861. 
 Charles R. Gillet, Co. D, 18th ; eul'. April 27, 1861 ; detailed as nurse, and 
 
 served in that capacity. 
 Jebiel Gibson, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Gaines' 
 
 Mill, and absent some time; served full term honorably. 
 Sylvester T. Garrison, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; served full term, 
 
 and in all actions ; a native of Monroe. 
 David Godfrey, sergt., 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1801. 
 R. M. Greeu, bugler, enl. October, 1801. 
 George Gordon, enl. October, 1861. 
 Augustus Gengold, enl. October, 1861. 
 George Gray, enl. October, 1801. 
 Homce Green, eul. October, 1861. 
 Richard Gardner, 160th ; eul. 1862-03. 
 Marcus Galloway, 166th ; enl. 1802-63. 
 Edward Glenn, Co. E, 124th ; enl. at New Windsor, Aug. 28, 1802 ; cred- 
 
484 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ited to Wallkill; lost a finger at Chancellorsvillc; disch. at Wash- 
 ington, Sept. 25, 1864. 
 
 SylvanuH Grier, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862 ; wounded at Chancel- 
 loreville ; disch. on account of wounds, Nov. 1, 1864, by order of Gen. 
 Hancock ; credited to Goshen. 
 
 Jeremiah Hazen, Co. D, SGtli ; enl. Sept. 25, 1861. 
 
 Nathan M. Hallock, Co. K, 124th ; enl. August, 1802 ; clerk at Camp Dis- 
 tribution from July 2, 1863; must, oul by Gen. Order 77; son of 
 James B. Hallock, of Middletown. 
 
 Benjamin W. Halstead, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 23, 18(14. 
 
 George I. Howard, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 31, 1864; wounded in hand, 
 April 6, 1865, at Sailor's Creek ; must, out by Gen. Order 77. 
 
 James Helms, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Sept 3, 1864. 
 
 Joseph Hunt, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Oct. 8, 1864. 
 
 RufuB A . Hoyt, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Sept. 10. 1864. 
 
 Cornelius Herron, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 29, 1862 ; credited to Goshen ; 
 wounded and take^i prisoner at Chancellorsville ; exchanged and 
 sent to Conv. Camp; pro. corp. Oct. 1, 1864. 
 
 Peter B. Hogan, enl. April 27, 1861. 
 
 Isaac Hoyt, Co. 1), 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; served in Ambulance Corps ; 
 a native of Bluomingburgh, Sullivan Co. 
 
 James Henry, Co. H,18th; enl. May 17, 1861 ; served two years; a native 
 of Ireland. 
 
 Ulrich Habermeir, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27. 1861; slightly wounded at 
 Gaines' Mill. 
 
 Augustus E. Hanford, Co. D, l8th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; pro. corp.; sergt., 
 Oct. 12, 1861 : born in Minieink. 
 
 Richard A. Holly, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27,1861; 3d sergt.; pro. Ist 
 sergt. July 1, 1862 ; born in Minisink. 
 
 Thomas HefTerman, Ox H. 156th ; enl. Sept. 6, 1862. 
 
 James Harrington, Co. H, 156th ; enl. Sept. 18, 1862. 
 
 James Hall, Co. A, 168th; enl. Oct. 18, 1862 ; never returned from the ser- 
 vice. 
 
 Charles H. Hirst, sergt., Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 4, 1862. 
 
 Oscar Halstead, corp , Cci. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 6, 1862. 
 
 Jacob Hovencamp, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Oct. 9, 1862. 
 
 Isaac Howell, Co. C, 176th; enl. Nov. 1, 1862. 
 
 Charles V. Helms, Co. C, lV6th ; enl. Nov. 1, 1862. 
 
 H. W. Hoyt, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 Paul Holloday, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; wounded at Chancel- 
 lorsville, May 3, 1863 ; returned to duty in August; placed in Regi- 
 mental Pioneer Corps. 
 
 John C. Holley, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 
 Edward Hughes, Co. E, 56th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 
 Samuel Hall, Co. E, 56th ; enl. Aug. lU, 1861. 
 
 Arthur Hagen, 2d lieut., Co. D, 66th ; enl. Oct. 4, 1861. 
 
 Ambrose S. Holbert, Co. K, 124th; enl. July 31, 1862; pro. 2d corp.; 
 killed at Gettysburg. 
 
 Henry Elayden, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Mor- 
 rison's Hill, Aug. 28, 1861 ; returned Oct. 10, 1862; was in prison in 
 Richmond, Alabama, and New Orleans ; born in Ireland. 
 
 Edward M. Hanford. Co. D, 18th ; enl. Aj.ril 27, 1861 ; served full term ; 
 born in Minisink. 
 
 Peter Henyon, Co. H, 18th; enl. May 17, 1S61; appointed 4th corp.; 
 a native of Orange County. 
 
 George E. Howard, Co. H, 18th; enl. May 17, 1861 ; killed in action at 
 Gaines' Mill, June 27, 1862 ; a native of Orange County. 
 
 Charles V. Helms, Co. H, ISth ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; sent to hospital Aug. 
 29, 1862, and not further reported ; a native of Orange County. 
 
 Nathan Hagan, 2d lieut., 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 
 George W. Hathaway, enl. October, 1861. 
 
 Jacob Hornbeck, enl. October, 1861. 
 
 Lucien Hall, enl. October, 1861. 
 
 Patrick Harvey, wounded before Richmond, 1862. 
 
 John Handley, 166th; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 Edward Hopkins, 166th; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 Paul Haverlock, 166th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 Edward Hulse, 168th; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 Oscar Halstead, 168th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 Charles H. Hunt, l68th; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 James Hall, 168th; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 Josiah Harris, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862 ; credited to Goshen ; killed 
 at Chancellorsville. 
 
 Hezekiah Harris, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 20, 1862 ; credited to Newburgh ; 
 wounded in head at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863, and died of wounds. 
 
 Wm. H. Howell, Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 7, 1862; credited to Mount 
 Hope ; pro. corp. ; killed in action at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864. 
 
 Henry M. Howell, Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 9, 18C2; credited to Mount 
 Hope; wounded in leg May 12, 1864, and sent to hospital ; must, out 
 
 by Gen. Order 77. 
 
 John W. Hirst, Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 9,1862; credited to Mount Hope; 
 died since the war. 
 
 Verdine E. Horton, 4th Art. 
 
 Frank Hoyt, Co. D, 18th; enl. Sept. 8, 1862; 3 years' man; trans, to 
 12l8t to complete term; born at Howell's Depot, Orange Co. 
 
 Hezekiah W. Hoyt, Co. D, 18th ; enl. Oct. 4, 1862; 3 years' man; trans. 
 I to 12let; born at Howell's Depot. 
 
 Josiah Jaycox, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 18, 1864. 
 
 Charles Johnson, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 23, 1S64. 
 
 Joseph D. Jackson, Co. K, I24th ; enl. Sept. 8, 1S64 ; promoted corporal 
 Nov. 1, 1864. 
 
 Capt. Wm. A. Jackson, Co. K, 124th; enl. 1862; killed June 18, 1864, 
 before Petereburg; resided in Hamptonburgh. 
 
 Wm. H- Jackson, Co. H, 18th; enl. May 17, 1861; served until Sept. 6, 
 1862, when he was sent tu hospital. 
 
 Joseph Jackson, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 24, 1861 ; was with company in 
 all its engagemeiUs. 
 
 S. P. Jordan, Co. E, 18th ; enl. 1861. 
 
 Joseph H. Johnson, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; credited to New- 
 burgh ; wounded in hip, severe, May 5, 1864; must, out by Gen. 
 Order 77. 
 
 C. n. Kiiowles, Co. H, 156th ; enl. Sept. 18, 1862. 
 
 Albert Kelley, Co. H, 168th ; enl. Oct. 4, 1862. 
 
 Bernard King, Co. H, 168th; enl. Sept. 30, 1862. 
 
 Hiram Ketcham, corp., Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; residence, Otis- 
 ville; wounded at Chancellorsville; disch. Feb. 8, 1864. 
 
 Thomas Kincaid, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 20, 1862; Corp., Nov. 15, 
 1864; wounded, slight. July 30, 1864; sent to hospital Oct. 21,1864; 
 must, out by Gen. Order 77; credited to Crawford. 
 
 Ira S. Ketcham, Co. K, 124th : enl. Aug. 20, 1862 ; accidentally wounded 
 in hand by pistol shot; trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Stephen B. Kerr, €<>. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; wounded at Chancel- 
 lorsville; trans, to Co. D. 
 
 Isaac Kanoff, Co. K, r24th ; enl. Aug.'D, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellors- 
 ville and taken prisoner; wounded in face, severe, May 12, 1864; 
 sent to hospital, and must, out by Gen. Order 77. 
 
 David KnitTen, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Sept. 3o, 1861. 
 
 Daniel Kelly, Co. M, 15tli Art.; enl. Jan. 19, 1864. 
 
 James Kelly, Co. M, 15th Art. ; enl. Jan. 20, 1864. 
 
 Henry E. Ketcham, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; pro. corp.; in all 
 engagements with his company. 
 
 Thomas J. Ketcham, Co. D, I8th ; enl. April 24, 1861 ; slightly wounded 
 at Crampton's Gap; served two years; re-enlisted in Loth Cavalry. 
 
 Andrew G. Knox, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; severely wounded at 
 Crampton's Gap; leg amputated: disch. for disability Jan. 24, 1863. 
 
 Judson Kelly, Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 12,1862; credited to Mount Hope; 
 wounded at Chancellorsville ; disch. Feb. 8, 1864. 
 
 Joseph Y. King, killed by accident in the service. 
 
 John S. King, Co. D (Wallkill Guard), i8th; enl. April 27, 1861, with 
 rank as 2d sergt. ; pro. orderly sergt. Nov. 1, 1861, and 1st lieut. June 
 26, 1862. He was with his company in every engagement. He was 
 a printer in office of Uliddletoiai Presa. He was enrolled as Ist 
 lieut. of Co. K, 124th, Oct. 22, 1864 ; was wounded at Hatcher's Run, 
 March 31, 1865, and sent to hospital, where he was mustered out by 
 Gen. Order 77, in 1865. 
 
 Andrew W. Kirkwood, Co. D i, Wallkill Guard), 18th ; enl. Sept. 21, 1861 ; 
 was in all engagements with company. 
 
 Joshua C. Legg, Co. D, 5(ith; enl. Sept. 23, 1861. ' 
 
 Squire Lee, Co. D, 56th; enl. Oct. 12, 186L 
 
 Homer B. Leach, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Oct. 7, 1861. 
 
 Wm. H. Lewis, Co. K, 124th; enl. Sept. 19, 1864. 
 
 Samuel Lewis, Co. K, 124th; enl. Sept. 19, 1864; wouuded April 6, 1865; 
 died of wounds May 3, 1865. 
 
 Philip Lehning, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 
 Isaac Logan, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 19, 1804. 
 
 James T. Locey, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Oct. 20, 1864; died in hospital March, 
 1865. 
 
 James Lynn, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 23, 1864; pro. corp., Nov. 1, 1864. 
 
 Alex. B. Leggett, 18th; enl. April ld4, 1861. 
 
 Thomas S. Lane, Co. H, ISth ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; promoted Ist sergt.; 
 2d lieut., Nov. 6, 1861 ; 1st lieut., July 16, 1862; acting capt. in first 
 and second Fredericksburg, and came home in command ; must, out 
 May 27, 1863. 
 
 Thos. H. Lawrence, Co. D, ISth; enl. April 27, IMII ; must. out with regt. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 485 
 
 Wni. Lehiiing, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; wouDded at Gaines' 
 
 Mill, June 27, 1862 ; di8cli. on nccount of wouDds Oct. 27, 1862. 
 CliarleB Lecompt. Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27, 1861 ; was in all engage- 
 ments and skirmishes in which conipjiny was engaged. 
 E. P. Litchfield, 18th ; enl. 1861. 
 Francis Ljtle, Co. H, loCth ; enl. Sept. 6, 1862. 
 Wni. M. Lemon, Oo. A, 168th ; enl. Sept. 30, 1862. 
 Abram Libolt, Co. A, 168tli ; enl. Nov. 3, 1862. 
 John B. Lemon, scrgt., Co. A, 168th ; enl. Sept. 25, 1802. 
 George W. Lemon, Corp., Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 4, 1862. 
 Augnstus Lehniau, Co. E, 176th ; enl. Nov. 4, 1S62. 
 Pliilip Lehning, Co. G, 176th; enl. Sept. 17, 1862. 
 Sidney Little, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1802. 
 
 AiiBtiii \V. Lamoreu.\, Co. E, 124th; enl. Ang. 9, 1862; credited to Mini- 
 sink; wonnded in side Jnne 19,1864; wounded in arm April 6, 
 1865; died of wounds April 15, 1865 ; buried in National Cemetery, 
 Arlington, Va. 
 Stephen Laiining, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 23, 1802 ; minor, disch. on ap- 
 plication of parents. 
 Michael Leonard, Co. E, 66th ; enl. Ang. 10, 1S61. 
 \Vm. 11. Lawrence, Co. E, 5Gth ; enl. Ang. 14, 1801. 
 James Lynch, Co. E, .56th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1861. 
 Jacob Loza, blacksmith, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. Oct. 1861. 
 I'rank C. Long, IGbth ; enl. 1S62-63. 
 John Lindlej, 166th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 John McCamly, Co. H, 156th ; enl. Sept. 15, 1862. 
 Patrick Matthews, Co. H, ISIJth; enl. Sept. 15, 1862. 
 Patrick Mulvahan, Co. H, 156th ; enl. Sept. 15, 1862. 
 James P. McElheuey, Co. A, 168th; enl. Oct. 10, 1862. 
 Samuel Marsh, Co. G, n6tli ; eid. Oct 24, 1802. 
 George W. Marline, Co. G, 170th ; enl. Sept. 29, 1802. 
 George F. Matthews, Co. G, 176tli; enl. Oct. 30, 1862. 
 William Mackey, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; missing in action Oct. 
 
 13, 1863. 
 Andrew A. Millspaugh, mnsiciau, Co. K, 124th; etil. Aug. 18, 1862; 
 
 credited to Hamptonburgh ; must, out June 3, 1865. 
 Keubeu C. Miller, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug, 13, 1862; disch. for disability 
 
 Feb, 11, 1863. 
 Henry R. Mayette, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; pro. Corp. March 5, 
 1864 ; eergt., Nov. 15, 1864 ; wounded in arm May 23, 1864 ; absent as 
 nurse at Gettysburg; must, out Jnne 3, 1865. 
 Alanson W. Miller, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; killed at Chancel- 
 
 lorsville. May 3, lS6.i. 
 Nathan B, Mullen, Co, K, 124th ; enl. Ang. 6, 1862 ; died July 22, 1863, 
 
 of wounds received at Chancellorsville ; credited to Wawayanda. 
 Robert McCauley, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Ang. 16, 1862. 
 John Murray, corp., Co. H, 156th ; enl. Sept. I, 1862. 
 Jonathan Miller, Corp., Co. A, 108th ; enl. Oct. 3, 1862. 
 Levi McBride, Co. C, 56th ; enl. Sept. 9, 1862. 
 James Martin, Co. E, 56th ; eul. Aug. 14, 1861. 
 Robert McGill, Co. E, 50th ; enl. Sept. 8, 1862. 
 Morris J. McCornal, capt., Co. D, 56th ; eul. Sept. 21, 1861 ; company 
 
 trans, to 1st Mounted Rifles; resigned March 21, 1862. 
 Frank W, Mills, sergt,, Co, D, 56th ; enl. Oct. 5, 1861. 
 Selah McChesney, Corp., Co. D, 50th ; enl. Sept. 25, 1861. 
 Kussoll McGrecn, bugler, Co. D, 56th; enl. Sept. 13, 1861. 
 Wesley L. Millspaugh, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Sept. 23, 1861. 
 Stephen F. Mills, Co. D, 50th ; enl. Oct. 30, 1861. 
 Abram McGill, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Sept. 25, 1861. 
 Wm. McClnre, Co. D, ISth; eul. Sept, 27, 1S61. 
 Armor McPhelniy, 7th Ind. Bat. ; enl. October, 1863. 
 John F. Mapes, 7th Ind. Bat,; 56th ; enl. Oct. 9, 186.3. 
 Thomas H. Moore, Co. K, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 20, 1864. 
 Wm. H. Monell, Co. K, 124th ; enl, Ang. 2.5, 1864. 
 George F. Matthews, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 2), 1804. 
 Jame.s Merriam, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Ang. 22, 1804. 
 
 Edward Meyer, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 18, 1864; wonmled Dec. 9, 1864. 
 Robert \. Malone, enl. April 27, 1861, with rank as 1st sergt., Co. D, 
 18tb, Wallkill Guard ; pro. 2d lient. Nov. 11, 1861, and capt., Co. B, 
 18th, Sept. 8, 1862 ; native of New Jersey ; must, out with regt. ; re- 
 cniited for 124th in fall of 1864, and must, as capt. of Co. K, Oct. 22, 
 1864 ; must, out June 3. 1805. 
 John C. McGinnis, capt,, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; pro. maj. Nov. 
 
 10, 1801, and subsequently lieut-col., .\ngnst, 1862. 
 Charles H. Melden, ISth ; enl. April 27, 1861. 
 Joseph S. Martine, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861. 
 Henry C. Mills, Co. D, 18tli ; enl. April 27, 1801. 
 
 James Manny, 18th ; enl. April, 1861. 
 
 William B. McCoy, Co. D, 18th ; enl. Feb. 20, 1863 ; left sick at Savage's 
 
 Station; exchanged and detailed as provost-guard; born in Orange 
 
 County. 
 Wm, B, Mills, Co, D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; detailed as adjutant's clerk 
 
 JIarch 0, 1863; was a native of Wawayanda. 
 Ed. Mackay, drummer, Co. H, 18th; enl. May 17, 1861 ; served two yeai-e; 
 
 re-enl in 15th Cav., and credited tn New Windsor. 
 Wm. R. McCrea, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861. 
 Lewis R. McCoy, Co D, 18th; enl. Feb. 20, 1862; taken prisoner at 
 
 Gaines' Mill; paroled and sent to hospital ; born in Orange County, 
 diaries A. Moore, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; disch. for disability 
 
 Oct. in, 1861. 
 Carson S. Middagh, Co. D {Wallkill Guard), 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; 
 
 he was from Pennsylvania. 
 Charies B. McEIroy, Co. D, 18th ; eul. April 27, 1S61 ; disch. for disability 
 
 Sept. n, 1862 ; born in Hamptonburgh. 
 Wm. McCall, Co. D. 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; wasdrnmmer, and served 
 
 his time faithfully. 
 Wm. H. Murphy, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1801 ; missing in action at 
 
 Gaines' Mill, and never heard from : native of Sussex, N. J. 
 Samuel G. McGinnis, Co. 1>, 18th ; enl, April 27, 1801 ; died July 22, 1862, 
 
 of typhoid fever: buried at Port Jervis, 
 Horace McKoon, Co. F, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1801 ; pro. 1st corp. ; disch. 
 
 Aug. 8, 1861. 
 John Meyers, Co. H, ISth ; enl. May 17, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 8, 1861. 
 Michael McCabe, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1801. 
 Charles M. IMulford, Co. D, 18th ; enl. Sept. 20, 1801 ; taken prisoner at 
 
 Gaines' Mill, Jnne 27, 1862; exchanged Aug. 7,1862; born in Wawa- 
 yanda. 
 Henry L. Myers, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; served his two years. 
 ,fohn Mackney, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1861 . 
 Edwin Mackey, Co. H, 18th; eul. May 17, 1801. 
 Edwin McCormick, Co. D, 18tb ; enl. Sept. 27, 1861 ; disch. for disability 
 
 Dec. 24, 1862. 
 Stephen Mills, Middletown Cavalry ; enl. October, 1861. 
 George Miller, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 Harvey McCallen, Ist Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1801. 
 Patrick Moran, 166th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 James Maxwell, t66th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 Francis Mayer, 166th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 Andrew Mosher, 160th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 Thomas Martine, 160th; enl. 1862-63. 
 Henry C. Milligan, 168th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 Joseph Minton, 166th ; eid. 1802-63. 
 Wm. A. Mackay, Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; nfissing in action Oct. 
 
 13, 1863. 
 
 Samuel Malcolm, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 18, 1862; credited to New- 
 
 bnrgh ; wonnded at Chancellorsville. 
 Alanson W. Miller, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 12, 1862; killed in action 
 
 May 3, 1S63. 
 Robert McCartney, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; residence, New. 
 
 burgh, and credited to Newburgh ; wounded in right arm and lost 
 
 its use : trans, to V. R. C. 
 Wm. A. McBnrney, capt., Co. E, 124th ; res. Feb. 3, 1803. 
 Robert McGee. 
 Melancthon Miller. 
 Adam W. Miller, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Ang. 12,1862 ; wounded May 3, 1863 ; 
 
 pro. Corp.; killed in action May 12, 1804. 
 Wm. Messenger, Co. D, 18th; eul. Sept. 20, 1862 ; disch. for disability Feb. 
 
 14, 1863. 
 
 Jacob Newsome, Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 
 George Nichols, Co. E, 124th : enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; must, out June 3, 1805. 
 
 Peter Noll, Co. K, 124th; enl. Ang. 7, 1862; disch. April 16, 1863, for 
 
 disability. 
 William Nash, Co. D, 56th ; enl. July 6, 1861. 
 Joseph S, Norris, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Oct. 3, 1861. 
 
 Jacob J. Nichols, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Sept. 7, 1862; disch. May 17, 1865. 
 Charles E. Norris, Co. D, istli ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; in all engagements 
 
 with company; boru in Goshen iu 1840. 
 John Noble, Co. D, ISth ; enl. April 27, 1861. 
 
 Thomas W. Nutting, Co. D, ISth ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; served full term. 
 Henry Newkirk, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 Daniel J. Newton. 
 Charles Newell, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Ang. 19,1862; credited to Greenville; 
 
 killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. 
 Dennis O'Neal, Co. A, 168th; enl. Oct. 31, 1862. 
 
486 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 John O'Brien, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 16, 1862 j wounded at Chancel- 
 
 tors^'ille. 
 
 William Odell, Co. E, 5Cth ; eul. July 8, 1861. 
 
 Harrison Osborne. 
 
 Henry J. Ogden, Co. D, 66th ; enl, Oct. 7, 1801. 
 
 John O'Dunuell, 7th Iml. Bat.; enl. October, 1863. 
 
 Alexander R. Olds, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 22, 1804, 1 year. 
 
 George J. O'Reilly, Co. K, 124tli ; onL Aug. 20, 1864, 1 year. 
 
 Edward O'Brien, 166th ; enl 1802-63. 
 
 Woodward T. Ogdeu, Co. K, 124th; enl. Ang. 5, 1862; Corp. to. Jan. 1, 
 1863; sergt. to July 4, 1864; 1st sergt. to Nov. 15, 1864; 2d lieut. 
 Nov. 15, 1864, and trans, to Co, E, of which he was in command from 
 Dec. 17, 1804, to Jan. 17, 1865 ; wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863, 
 and also May 12, 1804 ; must, out June 3, ISO.'). 
 
 John B, Overton, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; served two years; born 
 in Wallkill. 
 
 Frank Opeuian, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17,1861 ; absent, sick, from .\ugust, 
 1862, to March, 1863; must, out May 27, 1863. 
 
 Nathan Odell, 100th ; enl. 1802-63. 
 
 Thomas Pratt, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Nov. 1, 1862. 
 
 John W. Parks, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1802; pro. to Corp.; taken 
 prisoner May 3, 1863; must, out with regiment; credited to Wawa- 
 yanda. 
 
 Hiram Patterson, 124th ; enl. 1862; wounded. 
 
 Winfleld W, Parsons, sergt, Co, K, 124th; enl, Aug. 12,1862; pro. to4tli 
 sergt. and orderly sergt. ; died July 3, 1804, of wounds received at 
 the battle of the Wilderness, May 5, 1864 ; buried in National Ceme- 
 tery, Arlington, Va, 
 
 Egbert S. Puff, Co, K, 1241h ; enl, Aug, 5, 1862 ; wounded atClmncellors- 
 ville. May 3, 1863 ; arm amputated ; disch. Sept, 18, 1863, 
 
 Horace D. I'arct, Co. K, 124th ; enl, Aug, 5, 1862 ; detached, Sept. 20, 1862, 
 to Ambulance Corps. 
 
 John W. Pitts, Co, K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. July, 1863 ; 
 sergt., Oct, 3, 1863, 
 
 Charles J, Pitts, enl. April 24, 1861, 
 
 Eli W. Pitts, Co, K, 124th ; enl. Aug, 13, 1862. 
 
 David L, Purdy, Co, K, 124th, 
 
 John W. Parks, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; pro. to corp, ; credited 
 to Wawayanda, 
 
 Ferdinand Penny, sergt., Co. D, 56tb ; enl. Oct. 7, 1861. 
 
 Theodore Penny, Corp., O. D, 56th ; enl. Sept. 24, 1861. 
 
 Benjamin Phillips, Co, M, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 21, 1864. 
 
 John W. Prince, Co. M, loth Art.; enl. Jan. 25, 1864. 
 
 William K. Post, enl. April 24, 1861. 
 
 Alonzo Price, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 25, 1862; wounded at Chaucellors- 
 vitle : credited to Hamptonburgh, 
 
 Anthony Price, Co, K, 124th; enl, Jan, 16, 1864, 3 years; died July 2.S, 
 1864, at David's Island, N. Y. ; residence, Goshen. 
 
 George W. Pollock, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; detailed as team- 
 ster, and served in that capacity. 
 
 Nathan Patterson, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; disch. for disability 
 Nov. 22, 1801 ; born in Orange County, 
 
 Beverly Post, Co. D, 18th ; enl, .\pril 27, 1801 ; was in all engagements 
 and skirmishes. 
 
 Myron Peck, Co. D, 18lh ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; trans, to Ambulance Corps, 
 where he served the period of his enlistment, 
 
 Joseph B, Post, Co, D, 18th ; enl, April 27, 1861 ; served full term honor- 
 ably ; was born in Monroe. 
 
 Patrick Purcell, Co. H, IStli ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; re-enl, in 15th Cavalry, 
 and credited to Newburgh. 
 
 George C, Pratt, Co, H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1801. 
 
 Wm. H. Post, Co. H, 18th; enl. May 17, 1861; served full term and 
 honorably discharged, 
 
 George S, Peters, Middletown Cavalry ; enl, October, 1861, 
 
 Thomas Pratt, 166th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 Wm. Price, Co, E, 124th ; eul, Aug, 6, 1862 ; pro. sergt. ; severely 
 wounded at Chancellorsville, May 3, 186:1 ; trans, to Vet, Res, Corps, 
 May 1, 1804; residence, Otisville, and credited to Mount Hope,* 
 
 James Quinn, Co, E, 50tb ; enl, July 10, 1861. 
 
 David U, Quick, Co, K, 124tU ; enl. Aug, 14, 1862 ; private to March 5, 
 1804; corp, to Oct, 1, 1864; sergt, to Nov, 1, 1864; trans, to Co. B 
 Sept. 1, 1864 ; 2d lieut. to Feb. 22, 1865 ; mustered as Ist lieut. Feb. 
 26, 1865, and placed in command of Co. B; wounded at Cbaucellors- 
 
 * These credits are inserted, as the name may not appear on lists of 
 
 towns where credited. Mr. Price does not appear legitimately in Wall- 
 kill list. 
 
 ville. May 3, 1863, and returnedtoduty Sept. 1,1863; wounded in face 
 
 and eliuulder Aug. 16, 1864. and again wounded Oct. 27, 1864; 
 
 credited to Wawayanda. 
 George 0. Root, Co. C, 176th ; eul. Oct. 10, 1862. 
 James F. Roosa, Ist lieut., Co. K, 124th; enl, Aug. 23, 1862; resigned 
 
 March 7, 1863, 
 William Russell, Co, E, 124tb ; enl. Aug. 16, 1862; left sick at Goshen, 
 
 and never repoited for duty ; credited to Mount Hope, 
 V.'atson W. Rich, corp,, Co, K, 124th; enl, .\ug, 0, 1862; pro. sergt, Jan. 
 
 1, 1303; died July 20, 1864, of wounds received at Petersburg, 
 
 June 18, 1804 ; body sent home and buried at Pbillipaburgh. 
 •Alfred G. Randall, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug, 12, 1802. 
 George Randall, Co, K, 124th ; eul, Aug 21, 1862 ; died Dec. 28, 1862, at 
 
 Falmouth, Va., of typhoid fever. 
 Barnard Reilly, Co. E, oUlh ; enl. Aug. IS, 1801. 
 George W. Reed, Co. D, 50th; enl. Sept. 23, 1861. 
 Archibald L, RobbJEis, sergt , Co, D, 50th ; enl. Sept. 26, 1861. 
 George Richardson, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Jan. 20, 1861. 
 George H. Robertson, Co, K, 124th; enl, Sept. 6, 1864: 1 year. 
 Joseph P Roomer, Co. K, 124th; enl. Sept. 29, 1864; 1 year. 
 Gilbert E. Rohbins, Co. K, 124Ili ; enl. Apg. 20, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 Wm. Reed, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug, 20, 1804, 1 year; wounded Nov, 27, 
 
 1804, 
 John lieed, Co K, 124th ; enl. Sept 10,4864 ; 1 year. 
 David L, Rude, Co, D, IStli ; enl. Sept. 14, 1802 ; wounded at Crampton's 
 
 Pass, and off duty till Dec. 27, 1862. 
 Floyd S. Reeves, Oi. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; served 2 years ; re-enl, 
 
 in 7th Heavy .\rt. 
 John Roach, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; served 2 years; a native of 
 
 Switzerland. 
 Charles H. Reed, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27,1861 ; sent to hospital Aug. 7, 
 
 1862; died at West Philadelphia Hospital Oct. 26, 1802, of diarrhoea; 
 
 a native of Wawayamla. 
 Theodore C. Rogers, Cu. II, 18th ; Ist lieut. ; pro, capt., vice Hogan, re- 
 signed ; killed in battle at Gaines' Mill, June 27, 1862. 
 John Richardson, Co, D, 18lh ; enl. Sept, 23, 1862 ; traus. to 12l6t Regt. 
 Isaac T, Redlield, ICOth; enl, 1802-63. 
 Seth K, Robinson, Co. I>, I8th ; enl. Sept, 8, 1862 ; disch. for disability 
 
 Feb. 26, 1863; re-onl. in 15th Cavalry and credited to Wawayanda, 
 Theodore M. Robinson, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; pro. sergt.; 2d 
 
 lieut., March 6, 1863; Ist lieut., Jan. 1, 1864, and trans, to Co. H; 
 
 capt., March 8, 1865; wounded at Chancellorsville; credited to 
 
 Crawford. 
 Abraham Rogei-s, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; pro. 2d Corp., May 1, 
 
 1865; wounded in leg May 3, 1863; credited to Crawford. 
 Isaac Roosa, lieut.; died in the service, Newbern, N. C, Jan. 19, 1863. 
 J. B, Shrank, Co, K, 175th ; enl, Oct. 2, 1862. 
 Philip Sherat, Co. E, 56th ; enl. July 3, 1861. 
 Octavius Scovill, Co. E, 66th ; enl. Aug. 18, 1861. 
 James Swallow, Co. E, 60th ; eul. Aug. 17, 1801. 
 Richard Schwartz, Co, E. 56th ; enl. Aug, 14, 1801, 
 William Sodon, Co, E, 56th ; enl, Aug. 14, 1861. 
 Augustus Sodon, Co. E, 50th ; enl, Aug, 14, 1861. 
 Henry M. C. Sacket, sergt., Co. E, 50th ; enl. July 16, 1861. 
 Edward J. Scrauton, sergt,, Co, E, 66th ; enl, July 16, 1861. 
 Michael Schwartz, Corp., Co, E, 66th ; enl, July 12, 1861. 
 Charles L. Smith, Corp., Co, O, 66th ; enl. Sept, 23, 1861, 
 William Smith, Co, D, 66th; enl. Sept, 2.0, 1861, 
 Alfred C, Stewart, Co, D, 56th ; enl, Oct, 7, 1861, 
 George F, Seytolt, Co, D, 56th; enl. Oct, 16, 1861. 
 John M Stalbird, Co, K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; died of consumption 
 
 Feb. 3, 1803, at Falmouth, Va. 
 Frederick Sale, Co, H. 156th; enl. Sept. 6, 1862. 
 George Sisk, Co. H, 160th ; enl. Sept, 17,1802, 
 Morris Swezey, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 8, 1862. 
 James H. Seward, Co. A, 1 08th ; enl. Oct. 31, 1802. 
 Solomon Smith, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 22, 1802; pro. corp. Jan. 1, 1863; 
 
 sergt., July 4, 1864; 1st sergt., Nov. 15, 1864; wounded at Chancel- 
 lorsville. 
 John Skelton, Co. K. 124th ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862. 
 John Studor, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; wounded in arm at Spott- 
 
 sylvania. May 16, 1864: disch. Sept. 22, 1864. 
 Henry W. Smith, Co. K, 124th ; eul. Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg, July 2, 1863, 
 C. E. Seares, Co. E, 56th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1801. 
 Charles Scott, Co. E, 50th ; enl. Aug. 18, 1801. 
 John Shine, Co. E, oOth ; enl. July 10, 1861. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 487 
 
 James Seeley, Co. E, 66th ; enl. July 7, 1861 . 
 
 Oscar Smith, Co. E, 5r,th ; enl. July 14, 1801. 
 
 Giles L. Skinner, Co. D, 6Cth ; enl. Oct. 16, 1S61. 
 
 Silas S. Skinner, Co. D, oOth ; enl. Oct. 16, 1861. 
 
 James Smyth, lath Art. ; enl. Jan. iii, 1804. 
 
 Eiiward Stafford, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 22, 1804. 
 
 Moses Scofielci, Co. K, 124lh ; enl. Aug. 17, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 
 John S. Sanders, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 30, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 
 John Smith, Co. K, 124th; enl. Sept. 10, 1864; 1 year. 
 
 David Storms, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Sept. ',1, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 
 Jacob E. Smith, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; wounded at Chancel- 
 
 loi-sville ; disch. Aug. 17, 186:J; credited to Mount Hope. 
 John S. Shaw, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Sept. 2, 186* ; pro. Corp. 
 Boswell W. Sayre, Co. D, 18th; enl, April 27, 1861; 2d lieut. May 17, 
 
 1861 ; 1st lieut., vice Barry, Nov. 11, 1861 ; capt., rice Barry, killed, 
 
 June 26, 1862 ; was with his company in all engagements; born in 
 
 ■Wallkill. 
 John Singler, Co. D, 18th ; eul. April 27, 1861 ; served full term. 
 Griffin Sheldon, Co. D, 18tb ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; pro. corp. Oct. 12, 
 
 1861 ; died July 20, 1862, of typhoid fever. 
 Martin V. Smith, Co. D, IStli ; enl. April 27, 1861. 
 George Snook, Co. D, 18th ; eul. April 27, 1861 ; was in all actions with 
 
 company. 
 Morgan L. Sproat, col. of a regiment from Orange, Sullivan, and Ulster ; 
 
 enl. spring of 1861. 
 Wm. Shakel, Co. H, ISIIi ; enl. May 17, 1801 ; disch. March 13, 1863. 
 John J. Southard, Co, D, 18th; enl. May 17, 1861 ; pro. Corp. Nov. 6, 
 
 1861; wounded at Gaines' Mill, June 27,1862; disch. Nov. 23,1863; 
 
 born in Orange County. 
 Wm. J. Sawyer, C D, 18tli ; enl. May 17, 1861 ; killed in battle at 
 
 Gaines' Mill, June 27, 1862; boru in Warren County, and probably 
 
 belonged there. 
 Franklin Seymour, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27, 1861; was in all actions; 
 
 native of Delaware County. 
 Henry W. Smith, Ist Moujiled Ritles; eul. October, 1861; re-enl. 124th; 
 
 wounded at Gettysburg. 
 Henry Stewart, 1st Mounted Ritles ; enl. October, 1861. 
 Rhoads Skinner, Ist Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 John Swezey, 1st Mounted Ritles ; eul. October, 1861. 
 Charles R. Smith, qr.mr -sergt., Ist Mounted Ritles; enl. October, 1801. 
 Isaac Selleck, enl. 1862. 
 John Skelton, eul. 1862. 
 Calvin Sarles, 166th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 James H. Seward, 168th ; enl. 1862-03. 
 William L. Selleck, 166th; enl. 1862-63. 
 Moses Smith, 166th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 John C. Staples, Co. E, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 12, ; credited to Mount 
 
 Hope ; killed at Chancellorsville, .May 3, 1863. 
 John J. Scott, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1802; killed in action at Spott- 
 
 sylvania Court-house, May 12, 1864. 
 George H. Stephens, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862; killed at Gettys- 
 burg; credited to Newburgh. 
 John Tierney, Co. H, 166th ; enl. Sept. 6, 1862. 
 Alonzo Thurston, Co. A, 108th ; enl. Oct. 8, 1862. 
 George Torrey, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 6, 1862. 
 Charles J. Terwilliger, sergt., Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 8, 1862. 
 Wm. H. Ter\villiger, Ist lieut., Co. A, 19th ; enl. May 26, 1862. 
 Morris W. Tuthill, Co. A, 10th; enl. .May 26, 1862. 
 Samuel V. Tidd, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; taken prisoner June 
 
 1, 1864, at Tolopotomy Creek ; paroled in November, and sent to 
 
 hospital. 
 David Truix, Co. E, o6th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1861. 
 Leonard Tompkins, Co. E, 56tll ; enl. July 10, 1861. 
 George M. Tompkins, Co. E, o6th ; enl. July 18, 1861. 
 John S. Tompkins, sergt., Co. E, 56th ; enl. July 18, 1861. 
 John I. Terwilliger, Co. K, I24lh ; enl. Sept. 2, 1864; 1 year. 
 Wm. E. Tucker, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Sept. 2, 1804 ; 1 year. 
 Wm. II. Thompson, Co. I), ISth; enl. April 27, 1861 ; missing after action 
 
 at Gaines' Mill, and nevei beard from; a native of New Hampshire. 
 Henry Titsworth, Co. H, 18th; enl. May 17, 1861 ; wounded at Gaines' 
 
 Mill, June 27, 1862; absent until March 19, 1863; born in Sussex 
 
 Co., N. J. ; lived in Middletown. 
 Joseph Taylor, Co. H, 18th; enl. May 17, 1861; served full term, and 
 
 honorably must, out; a native of England. 
 Milton Thompkins, Co. H, 18th ; enl. May 17, 1861. 
 
 Wm. H. Thompkins, Co. H, 18lh ; enl. May 17, 1801 ; disch. Sept. 24, 
 1861, for disability. 
 
 Stedman Tatham, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 
 Joseph Taylor, enl. 1802. 
 
 Thomas P. Terwilliger, 168th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 Thomas H. Tborp, lOOtb ; enl. 1862-03. 
 
 Ralph Townsend, 160th; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 Gilbert 0. T.rrrey, ICOth ; enl. 1862-63. 
 
 Harrison Travis, 4th Art.; died in rebel prison. 
 
 Albert Travis. 
 
 Emery S. Van Keuren, Co. A, 108tli; enl. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 
 John Van Horn, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11,1862; pro. hospital steward, 
 
 and trans, to non-com. staff. 
 Wm. Van Sciver, Co. D, .50tb ; enl. Oct. 1, 1861.' 
 Charles Van Sciver, Co. D, 56th; enl. Oct. 30, 1861. 
 Alonzo Van Every, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Oct. 7, 1861. 
 George Van Sciver, Co. K, r24th ; enl. July 31, 1862; pro. Corp. ; wounded 
 
 at Chancellorsville; trans, to V. R. C. on account of wounds. 
 John C. Verniilyea, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862; pro. corp. July 1, 
 
 1863; died May 29, 1864, of wounds received at Spottsylvania, May 
 
 12; buried in National Cemetery at Arlington. 
 John N. Van Ness, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861; was with company 
 
 in every action. 
 James Van Duz^ 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 John VanderbilCenl. 1862. 
 
 Wp.. H. Winfield, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 31, 1862. 
 Moses A. Wells, Co. C, 176th; enl. Oct. 10, 1862. 
 Charles B. Welsli, Co. G, 176th ; enl. Oct. 27, 1862. 
 Nelson Woodruff, Co. G, 176th ; enl. Oct. 27, 1862. 
 Lewis S. Wisner, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; pro. 3d sergt. ; 2d lieut, 
 
 March 3, 1863 ; 1st lieut., Feb. 1, 1804 ; capt., July 14, 1864, but could 
 
 not be must, on account of hernia, and resigned. 
 David B. Wheat, Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 21, 1802; disch. Jan. 11, 1803. 
 Wm. H. H. Wood, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 0, 1802; wounded at Chancel- 
 lorsville, and discharged. 
 Charles M. Weller, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 18, 1802 ; disch. for disability 
 
 Feb. 6, 1803; credited to Crawford, and resided at BuUville. 
 William Wells, Co. E, 56th ; enl. July 3, 1801. 
 W. W. Wallace. Co. K, 56th ; enl. July 6, 1801. 
 Arthur Wliite, Co. E, 50th; eul. July 18, 1861. 
 Charles Woodruff, Co. E, 56th ; enl. July 14, 1861. 
 Gilbert White, Co. E, o6th; enl. July 14, 1861. 
 John Walsh, Co. E, 56th ; enl. July 8, 1861. 
 John Wilson, Corp., Co. E, 66th ; enl. July 16, 1861. 
 John Wallace, Co. D, 56th ; eul. Sept. 26, 1801 ; died Feb. 15, 1865. 
 Abner Wells, Co. D, 66th ; enl. Oct. 1, 1801. 
 James W. Williams, Co. D, 50th; enl. Oct. 28, 1861. 
 Peter Winters, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Oct. 10, 1804. 
 Wm. Wbalon, Co. K, 124tb ; enl. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 James H. Wood, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 27, 1864. 
 Henry Wilkinson, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 27, 1864. 
 Israel H. Wickham, Co. K, 124th ; enl. July 30, 1864. 
 Henry J. Wright. 
 
 Walter Wilson, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; served full term hon- 
 orably. 
 Michael Weyniar, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; arm broken in action 
 
 at Gaines' Mill ; sent to hospital, and did not return to company. 
 Peter Waterhury, Co. D, 18th; enl. April 27, 1861; disch. Dec. 24, 1861, 
 
 for disability. 
 Irvin P. Winne, 1st Mounted Rifles; enl. October, 1861. 
 John Williams, 124th; enl. 1802. 
 George Wallace, 60th. 
 Edwin S. Wheeler, 106th ; enl. 1862-63. 
 Isaac Wallace, 56th. 
 Wm. W. Wallace, 166th ; enl. 1862-03. 
 Matthias W. Wood, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; taken prisoner at 
 
 Gettysburg; paroled, and went home and did not return.; credited 
 
 to Moui]t Hope. 
 Horace H. Wheeler, Co. E, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 15, 1802; shot through both 
 bands May 12, 1864 ; died of fever Nov. 10, 1864; credited to Goshen ; 
 residence. Bethel, Sullivan Co. 
 Simeon Wheat, Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 0, 1862; wounded in hand May 
 
 12, 1864; credited to Mount Hope. 
 Wm. H. Youmans, Co. D, 18th; eul. April 27, 1861; born in Monroe, 
 
 and probably belonged there. 
 Robert Young, corp., Ist Mounted Ritles; enl. October, 1861. 
 Andrews Zevisky, Co. G, 176th ; enl. Nov. 26, 1802. 
 Jouaa Zindle, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 27, 1861 ; one of the Monroe family 
 of Zindles. (See that town.) 
 
488 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 REAR-ADMIRAL SILAS MORTON STHIXGIIAM. 
 While the territory embraced in the present county 
 of Grange has produced many men eminent in civil 
 and professional ranks, it has not been without equally 
 honorable representatives in the army and navy, 
 especially in the latter, where the banner of the 
 heroic Ludlow and his ill-fated commander, Law- 
 rence, was taken up and borne upon every sea by the 
 no less heroic Rear-Admiral Silas Horton Stringham. 
 We regret that the space assigned to notices of this 
 character is necessarily circumscribed, for, regarding 
 biography as history in its highest and most instruc- 
 tive form, we feel that our duty can be but very im- 
 perfectly performed in an abridged review of his 
 career. The family from which Admiral Stringham 
 .sprung was one of the oldest in the county, — James 
 Stringham, his grandfather, running back in its set- 
 tlement as early as 1734. His father, Daniel String- 
 ham, resided, at the beginning of the present century, 
 just east of the village of Bloomingburgh, across the 
 county line in the town of Wallkill. He kept a store 
 in the building which now or lately stood at the forks 
 of the Newburgh turnpike and the Middletown 
 plank-road, on the east bank of the Shawangunk Kill ; 
 his residence, which was in the immediate vicinity, 
 was removed some years ago. His mother was a 
 Horton. It was while his parents resided here that 
 he was born, in the year 1798. His parents removed 
 to Newburgh in the spring of 1806, his father at that 
 time being a director, and in 1808 taking command of 
 the sloop " Jefferson," of the Farmers' Company line, 
 engaged in the produce trade. The new life \\ liich was 
 thus opened to young Stringham was to him a delight. 
 On his father's sloop he was master of every part, 
 while in the public school he submitted only after con- 
 flict to the domination of mates older in years. To one 
 of these conflicts he was indebted for his place in the 
 navy. On the occasion referred to, witli the assist- 
 ance of a school-mate, he defied all the other lads of 
 the class. The contest was witnessed by Capt. Ludlow, 
 of the navy, who happened to be jiassing, and so 
 struck was he with the pluck and determination 
 which Stringham displayed, that he immediately solic- 
 ited his parents to consent to the boy's apprentice- 
 ship in the navy. At the age of twelve years (1810) 
 he went out with Capt. Ludlow as a midshipman, 
 under Commodore Rogers, in the frigate " President." 
 From that time until his death, in 1876, a period of 
 sixty-six years, the history of the American navy 
 was a part of his own. He was on duty when the 
 balls from the " Little Belt" came crashing through 
 the canvas of the " President," in May, 1811, and dur- 
 ing the war of 1812. In 1815 he was sent to the 
 Algerine war in the Mediterranean squadron under 
 Decatur. Returning home, and while holding the 
 rank of lieutenant, he was made acting commander ' 
 
 of the sloop-of-war " Falmouth." In 1834 he was 
 promoted to the rank of commander in the "John 
 Adams," and from this to a captaincy in the " Inde- 
 pendence." From this post he was transferred to the 
 command of the Brooklyn navy-yard. In the war 
 with Mexico he was in command of the " Ohio," and 
 at the head of the squadron before Vera Cruz. In 
 1852 he was promoted commodore. His last service 
 at sea was in command of the ex{)edition to Hatteras 
 Inlet during the war of the Rebellion, and his last pro- 
 motion was to the rank of rear-admiral. He was a 
 man of extraordinary courage, judgment and integrity. 
 The honor of his Creator, and the honor of the flag of 
 his country, was the shrine at which he worshiped. 
 An oath he never uttered, nor would he suffer one in 
 his presence; no wine or intoxicating liquors ever 
 touched his lips. A pure, brave, true man, his name 
 is written upon the nation's history as an example 
 and an inspiration. 
 
 RORERT H. HOUSTON. 
 His great-grandfather. Rev. Joseph Houston, with 
 his two brothers, John and James, emigrated from 
 the north of Ireland in the beginning of the eighteenth 
 century, and came first to Jamestown, Ya. James 
 remained near them, and John settled in Pennsyl- 
 vania. Rev. Joseph, after preaching a few years at 
 Jamestown, came north, and was the first settled 
 pastor of the Goodwill Presbyterian Church in the 
 town of Montgomery, Orange Co., N. Y., where he pur- 
 chased some 600 acres of land, upon which he resided 
 until his death, and upon which his sons, Joseph and 
 James, resided during their lives. He had also four 
 daughters. James occupied the homestead part of 
 the farm, and Josejih removed to the other side of the 
 Otterkill. 
 
 James married Anna, daughter of Rev. George 
 Carr, a Presbyterian minister of Goshen, who bore 
 him the following children : Joseph, George, Thomas, 
 James, John, Samuel, Andrew, Polly, wife of Robert 
 Wilkin ; Jane, wife of Adam Dickerson. 
 
 Of these children, George was for a few months on 
 guard in the Mamakating Valley to protect the whites 
 from the incursions of the Indians during the Revo- 
 lutionary war, and Joseph was a physician at Amity, 
 and afterwards at Edcnville, where he died. All of 
 the children were married and reared families in 
 Orange County. 
 
 George, father of uur subject, born in 1763, died in 
 December, 1825. His wife was Jane, daughter of 
 Robert Hunter, of Montgomery, who died in 1801, aged 
 about thirty-two, leaving the following children : Ann, 
 wife of Samuel W. Brown, of Seotchtown; John G., 
 James G., Robert H., and George. The latter was a 
 farmer where a part of iliddletown now is, the pres- 
 ent cemetery being a part of his farm, and he was 
 afterwards a merchant and justice of the peace in 
 Middletown. 
 
(^-f'^^tyiyg?-? I 
 
'"■'-»!/ j..m»f.' ;•.'■■'" 
 
 ^^^^Ir^ 
 
 li^<-L^t^\^ 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 489 
 
 George Houston married for his second wife Julia, 
 widow of Mr. Gale, and daughter of Willi:im Thomp- 
 son, of Goshen, who hy her first marriage had one 
 son, William Gale. Of this union were born chil- 
 dren,— Anthony and Jane, twins, the latter becoming 
 the wife of Charles Heard, of Hamptonburgh ; Henry; 
 Sally, wife of Hector Van Cleft; Samuel and Theo- 
 dore, died young men ; Alniira, wife of Orange 
 Horton, of White Plains, N. Y. ; Elizabeth, wife of 
 William Church, of Orange, N. J.; and Thomas. 
 Twelve of these children were married, and eleven 
 reared families. 
 
 George Houston settled on a farm at Scotchtown in 
 1787, where he remained until 1S05, and during the re- 
 mainder of his life he was a farmer in the town of i 
 Wallkill. He gave the land for the church (Presby- j 
 terian) and burial-plots at Scotchtown, was one of its 
 founders, and served the church for many years as 
 elder. He was a man of strong force of character, 
 and a promoter of the best interests of society. He 
 was the prime mover in the construction of the Goshen 
 and Bloomingburgh turnpike. 
 
 Robert H., son of George and Jane Houston, was 
 born in the town of Wallkill, Aug. 20, 1798. At the 
 age of sixteen he began learning the tanner and cur- 
 rier trade, which he completed at the age of twenty. 
 For six years following he remained at home and had 
 charge of his father's farm. In 1826 he came to Mid- 
 dletown, and in company with Charles Dill rented 
 the " Anderson " tannery, which they afterwards pur- 
 chased, located across the street from the Commercial 
 Hotel, and carried on the tanning business under the 
 firm-name of Dill & Houston. After a few years 
 they disposed of it, and built another on the present 
 site of the Orange County Milk Association building, 
 where they continued business until 1846. In 1831 
 they purchased a farm of sixty acres adjoining the 
 village, which they also carried on. 
 
 The partnership was dissolved in 184(;, Mr. Samuel 
 S. Wickham purchasing an interest in the tannery, 
 which was carried on by Messrs. Houston & Wickham 
 until 1851, when Mr. Houston sold his interest in the 
 business to Mr. Wickham. 
 
 In the dissolution of the partnership of Houston & 
 Dill, Mr. Houston retained the farm, which now forms a 
 part of the village of Middletown, and has been laid 
 out by him into lots and streets, and upon which 
 many fine and substantial residences have been erected, 
 forming a desirable part of the village. 
 
 To the original purchase he has added contiguous 
 land, and his present farm, of about 100 acres, he still 
 finds pleasure in superintending. 
 
 In 1841, Messrs. Houston & Dill donated the laud 
 upon which to erect the Wallkill Academy, and dur- 
 ing their career together were also engaged for seven 
 years in the lumber business in Sullivan County. 
 
 Mr. Houston may safely be ranked among the men 
 to whom much is due for the present prosperous and 
 thrifty village of Middletown, and he has been a lib- 
 32 
 
 eral contributor in founding many of its present in- 
 stitutions, and forwarding such interests as have 
 tended to the prosperity of the place and the welfare 
 of its citizens. He was one of the men to obligate 
 himself for the extension of the Erie Railway to Mid- 
 dletown after its completion to Goshen, and in the 
 erection of schools, churches, and kindred institutions 
 he has always been found ready with his time and* 
 money. 
 
 Like his forefathers, he has stood unswervingly a 
 supporter of the Presbyterian Church, which his Scotch 
 ancestors in the mother-country spilled their blood to 
 establish and protect, and both he and his wife have 
 been members of the church at Middletown for many 
 years. He married, May 2, 1820, Mary, daughter of 
 David Dill and Elizabeth Houston, who was born 
 April 6, 1799, was a devoted wife and mother, and 
 died Sept. 11, 1880. Her mother was a daughter of 
 Joseph Houston, and granddaughter of Rev. Joseph 
 Houston, the progenitor of the fiimily in Orange 
 County. 
 
 Their daughter, Jane Elizabeth, died at the age of 
 eighteen. Their only surviving child is David Dill 
 Houston, born Dec. 15, 1833, and who married, Aug. 
 29, 1801, Catharine M., daughter of John K. Moore. 
 He carries on mercantile and milling business and 
 i'arming at Middletown. 
 
 HON. EDWARD M. MADDEN. 
 
 Edward Millspaugh Madden was born near Sears- 
 ville, in the town of Crawford, Orange Co., N. Y., in 
 the year 1818. His ancestry were Scotch-Irish, 
 Huguenot, and German. Until he was nearly nine 
 years of age he attended the common schools of the 
 neighborhood, these being the only educational advan- 
 tages that he ever had. When he was about nine 
 years old the family removed to the village of 
 Walden, in the town of Montgomery, where he en- 
 tered a cotton-mill as an apprentice. 
 
 He worked the first year for seventy-five cents a 
 week, boarding himself. Being badly treated by one 
 of his bosses, young Madden ran away in the year 1833. 
 The same day he obtained employment as an appren- 
 tice in a tin-shop in the village of ]\Iontgomery. He 
 left there in 1839, when about twenty years of age, and 
 bought out a small tin-shop located in a little build- 
 ing then standing in the west end of what is now the 
 Holding House, in the village of Middletown. His cash 
 capital at this time was, all told, just S133, which he 
 had earned by overwork at his trade. In 1842 he 
 entered into partnership with Elisha P. Wheeler, 
 Jonah F. France, and Jose))h Lemon, all now de- 
 ceased. The firm built the foundry now owned by 
 Mr. A. L. Vail. Mr. France died in 1847. Messrs. 
 Wheeler, Madden, & Lemon continued the busi- 
 ness until 1851, when Mr. Lemon sold his interest to 
 Wheeler & Madden. In 1853 the firm built the 
 Monhagen Saw-Factory, on King Street, adjoining 
 
490 
 
 HISTORY OF OEANGE COUNTY, NEW YOKK. 
 
 V 
 
 the foundry, in connection witli the late Josiah 
 Bakewell, who had become a member of the firm. 
 
 In 1854 the foundry business, in wliich Mr. Madden 
 was a partner, was sold to Messrs. Joseph Lemon 
 and Silas R. Martine. The saw manufacturing busi- 
 ness was continued by the firm previously men- 
 tioned until 1860, when Mr. Bakewell left the con- 
 *cern, and Mr. Wm. Clemsen was admitted as a 
 partner, and still continues connected with it. The 
 business had grown to such proportions that in 1866 
 the present extensive works were erected. In 1868, 
 Thomas D. Roberts and Lemuel Wheeler were taken 
 in as members of the firm. Mr. Roberts died in 
 1872, and Mr. Lemuel Wheeler in 1874. In 1873, 
 Chai'les I. Humphrey and Wm. Millspaugh became 
 members of the firm. In 1874 the other partners 
 bought out the interest of Mr. E. P. Wlieeler, the 
 senior member. In 1880, Wm. K. Stansbury was 
 admitted into the firm. In 1803 the then firm built 
 a factory and began the manufacture of files, which is 
 still carried on, and known as the Eagle File- Works. 
 Mr. Madden is president of the concern, his nephew, 
 Mr. Isaac P. Madden, and Mr. J. T. Cockayne being 
 the managers. 
 
 In the year 1862, immediately after the capture of 
 the Confederate envoys. Mason and Slidell, from a 
 British steamer, a])prehending that this would lead to 
 a war with England, and thereby prevent the im- 
 portation and greatly enhance the price of steel, the 
 firm of Wheeler, Madden, & Clemsen began the 
 manufacture of this article, having previously im- 
 ported all the steel used l)y them. 
 
 In 1877, Mr. Madden, in connection with Mr. 
 James H. Norton and Mr. 0. C. Messerre, estab- 
 lished the Union Printing Company of New Y'ork 
 City, which business still continues, and of whicli he is 
 the president. 
 
 In 1843, Mr. Madden was married to Eudocia M. 
 Robinson, daughter of Rev. Phineas Robinson, a 
 Presbyterian clergyman. Six children were the fruit 
 of this marriage, three of whom are now living, — 
 Charles Carroll, Edward M., Jr., and Ella. 
 
 Mr. Madden has always taken a lively interest in 
 political "affairs, local as well as State and national. 
 He was originally a Democrat, and his first vote for 
 President was cast for Martin Van Buren. In 1854, 
 on the passage by Congress of the Kansas-Neliraska 
 bill, allowing slavery to be extended over the Western 
 Territories, Mr. Madden, with many other I>emocrats 
 throughout the country, protested against this action, 
 and in 1855 he aided in the iJreliminary steps which 
 led to the organization of the Republican party in 
 1856. He has ever since continued a steadfast and 
 influential member of that party. 
 
 In the fall of 1855 there was a bolt in the Demo- 
 cratic Senatorial Convention of this district, growing 
 out of the aggressions of the South and the action of 
 Congress upon the slavery question. The Free-Soil 
 portion of the convention, in Mr. Madden's absence, 
 
 nominated him for the office of State senator, to 
 which he was elected. Although frequently there- 
 after urged to become a candidate for office, he re- 
 fused until 1868, when he accepted a nomination by 
 the Republicans for member of Assembly in the 
 Second District of Orange County, having just pre- 
 viously declined a unanimous nomination for repre- 
 sentative in Congress. Although the district is 
 usually carried by a large majority, Mr. Madden 
 came within a half-dozen votes of an election. 
 
 In 1871 he was again prevailed upon to take the 
 nomination for State senator, and was elected by a 
 large majority, notwithstanding the district is strongly 
 Democratic. In 1873 he was renominated and elected 
 again. The nomination for the office was again ten- 
 dered him in 1875 and in 1877, but was declined, as 
 was also a nomination again for member of Congress. 
 In 1879 he accepted a nomination again for the State 
 Senate, and was returned for the fourtii time to that 
 body by a large majority. 
 
 Mr. Madden has always held it to be the duty of 
 every citizen to attend the primary meetings of the 
 party to which they belong, and he is seldom absent 
 from these meetings. He has been delegated to at- 
 tend numerous County, Senatorial, State, and National 
 Conventions. There is probably no one within the 
 limits of this county who has oftener been called upon 
 for such representative service. He was a member of 
 the Republican National Convention at Baltimore in 
 1864 which gave Abraham Lincoln his second nomi- 
 nation. He declined the nomination as a delegate to 
 the National Convention of 1868. In 1876 he was a 
 member of the Republican National Convention at 
 Cincinnati which nominated Rutherford B. Hayes. 
 
 Mr. Madden drafted and secured the passage of the 
 bill for the public-school system of Middletown, and 
 for many years was an active member of the school 
 board of that place, until increasing business cares 
 caused him to decline further service in that capacity. 
 Senator Madden was also the author of the bill pro- 
 viding for the construction of the Jliddletown Water- 
 Works. He was the first and is now the president 
 of the board. He also interested himself in obtain- 
 ing the charter for the Middletown Savings-Bank, 
 and was instrumental in securing the necessary leg- 
 islation to set it in operation. While he has been a 
 member of the Senate he has secured much import- 
 ant legislation for the benefit of the New York State 
 Homieopathic Asylum for the Insane at Middletown, 
 and no small degree of the success of that institution 
 is due to the effective aid that he was thus enabled to 
 render it. 
 
 Mr. Madden was ai)pointed by the Governor one of 
 the commissioners to locate the Hudson River Asylum 
 for the Insane, which is at Poughkeepsic. 
 
 When the project of the Middletown and Crawford 
 Railroad was first broached, connecting, as it pro- 
 posed, the place of his birth and the place where 
 his active business career had been passed, Mr. 
 
^i/i^:..^^ 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 491 
 
 Madden at once tonk IkiIiI of it with his accustomed ' 
 energy, and, in co-operation with tlie companion of 
 his boyhood days and life-long friend, Maj. Daniel 
 Thompson, made it a success. The road was con- 
 structed much more economically than many similar 
 undertakings. Jlr. Madden has been the vice-presi- 
 dent of the company since its organization, Mr. 
 Thompson being the president and manager. 
 
 Mr. Madden has been so prominently identified 
 with the business and political interests of his county 
 and State that few men within their borders are 
 better known than he. 
 
 Although without the advantages of an academ- 
 ical education, in fact with only the few years 
 meagre schooling that he obtained previous to his 
 ninth year in the then indifferent common school 
 that he attended, Mr. Madden, by close application to 1 
 reading and study during the evenings and the mo- 
 ments that he could snatch from the labors of the 
 work-bench, became a thoroughly well-read man, 
 and few, with all the educational advantages they ; 
 may have had, have a larger store of practical knowl- 
 edge at their command. He has seemed to acquire ; 
 knowledge by intuition. His memory for events and i 
 dates is most remarkable. 
 
 He is a man of the strictest integrity, who has 
 never been known to go back upon his word, which 
 is proverbially as good as his bond, and has never 1 
 deserted a friend. 
 
 ]\Ir. ^Madden has now been in active business in 
 Middletown for forty-two years, and has seen the 
 little hamlet of some 500 inhabitants increase to 
 a population of 10,000. He is still actively engaged 
 in business, and is constantly making large additions 
 to his manufactories. 
 
 Senator Madden may be considered as a fair and 
 conspicuous type of the " self-made man," having 
 from an humble origin, and against adverse circum- 
 stances, arisen to wealth and prominence in the com- 
 munity, solely through industry, pluck, determina- 
 tion, indomitable energy, and a laudable ambition, 
 which demonstrates what may be accomplished by 
 the youth of our land, through the possession and 
 active use of these qualities, under our beneficent, 
 free American institutions. 
 
 SAMUEL ,S. AVICKHAM. 
 
 The property settled on by Samuel and Israel 
 Wickham and their sister Jerusha, mentioned in the 
 sketch of Col. Israel H. Wickham, comprised about 
 1000 acres in the Minisink Angle, upon which the 
 village of Middletown is now built. 
 
 Samuel was grandfather of our subject, married 
 Mary Irwin, who bore him the following children : 
 Elizabeth, wife of John H. Corwin ; Jerusha, wife of 
 EliadTryon; and Jesse H. The homestead of Sam- 
 uel Wickham was where Mrs. Linus B. Babcock now 
 resides. 
 
 Upon his decease the liomestead property was en- 
 tailed to his son, Jesse H., upon which he resided 
 during his life, and died Oct. 3, 1841, having been 
 born Feb. 28, 1786. 
 
 He took down the log house in which his father 
 lived, and kept the hospitable inn of "olden time" 
 about 1829, and where the forefathers of the present 
 generation used to gather and exchange wit, indulge 
 in story-telling, and narrate the incidents of pioneer 
 life. 
 
 Jesse H. Wickham married Laura, daughter of 
 Samuel Benedict, of Middletown, who died Aug. 31, 
 1823, aged thirty years, leaving the following children : 
 Temperance Ann, Harriet Maria, wife of Isaac Van 
 Duzer, Samuel S., and Henry Lewis, who died young. 
 
 His second wife was Frances Ludlum, who died in 
 1857, and bore him the following children: Theo- 
 dore, George, and Israel. 
 
 Jesse H. Wickham was one of the founders of many 
 of the early institutions in Middletown, spent his life 
 in a quiet way as a farmer, and was esteemed through- 
 out his business life for his integrity in his dealings 
 with his fellow-men. He was a man of correct habits 
 and sterling principles. 
 
 Samuel S., son of Jesse H. Wickham, was born on 
 the homestead Aug. 20, 1821, spent his boyhood at 
 home, and was twenty years old when his father died. 
 He was one of the pupils who attended school the 
 first term of the opening of the Wallkill Academy. 
 
 At the age of twenty-two he started out in life for 
 himself, and for three years was a clerk in a dry -goods 
 and orockery-.store in Middletown. 
 
 In the spring of 1846 he rented a stone-quarry in 
 Sullivan County, which he was successfully carrying 
 on when, in the fall of that year, he purchased the 
 interest of Charles Dill in the tannery of Houston & 
 Dill, at Middletown, and, in ]Kirtnership with Robert 
 H. Houston, carried on the business until 1851, 
 when he purchased Mr. Houston's interest, and, 
 with the exception of two years, carried it on alone 
 until 1855, when he sold out to Stephens & Hulse. 
 
 During that year, with Joseph Lemon, he purchased 
 1900 acres of woodland in Sullivan County, upon 
 which were three saw-mills. 
 
 In 1858, having paid for their land in lumber, and 
 having a large quantity on hand, they disposed of their 
 land, dissolved partnership, and Mr. Wickham estab- 
 lished a lumber-yard on Canal Street, in Middletown, 
 where he was engaged in the lumber, feed, and coal 
 business until 1866, and sold out to Eaton & Eussell. 
 
 The same year, with Eaton & Russell, he purchased 
 the property he now occupies, and in 1869 became 
 the sole owner of it. Here since 1866 he has been 
 successfully engaged in the lumber, coal, and feed 
 business. He erected in 1870 his present commo- 
 dious store-house and lumber-sheds, and in 1877 he 
 erected a grist-mill on the property, in which latter 
 interest he has associated with him in business Joseph 
 F. Terhune. 
 
492 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW ^OllK. 
 
 For nearly forty years Mr. Wickham has been 
 closely identified with the active business interests of 
 the village, and among the first to encourage, promote, 
 and push forward every worthy local enterprise tend- 
 ing to the thrift and prosperity of Middletown, or in 
 any way to advance the educational interests of its 
 rising generation. 
 
 His ancestors were among the founders of the 
 early institutions now enjoyed by tlie people. Mr. 
 Wickham retains the family characteristic of prog- 
 ress, and by his frank, sociable, and unostentatious 
 ways holds the confidence of his fellow-citizens. 
 
 His first wife was Ellen Adelia, daughter of Fred- 
 erick Dolson, of Wawayanda, who died in 1868, 
 leaving children, — Cecilia S., Oscar, Almeda D., 
 Samuel S., and Laura B. 
 
 His present wife, whom he married in 1870, is 
 Marilla, daughter of Madison Kaplee, of Yates 
 County, N. Y., bj' whom he has one child, Willis R. 
 
 WICKHAM C. McNISII. 
 
 Wickham C. McNish is a descendant in the fifth 
 generation from Kev. George McNish, a native of 
 Scotland, who came to America in 1705 upon the so- 
 licitation of Rev. Francis Makemie, who was after- 
 wards styled the father of Presbyterianism in America. 
 There also came with Revs. McNish and Makemie 
 Rev. John Hampton. 
 
 Rev. George McNish was licensed to preach here 
 by Governor Seymour, of Maryland, in 1706. He was 
 one of the original members of the Philadelphia Pres- 
 bytery, the first formed in America, and upon the 
 first vacancy in the pulpit after the formation of the 
 Philadelphia Presbytery, he was called in 1710 by the 
 wardens and vestrymen of the Presbyterian Church at 
 Jamaica, Long Island, and began to preach there in 
 1711, and is called the father of the Presbyterian 
 Church on Long Island, — the first Presbytery in the 
 province of New York. He was a man of much Chris- 
 tian zeal, and having inherited a spirit of freedom of 
 worship in his native country, which his forefathers 
 spilt their blood to achieve, he was well prepared to, 
 and did meet with determined resistance, the aggres- 
 sions of the devotees of the English Church on the 
 island, who finally succeeded in taking from them 
 their church property. After this he preached to his 
 congregation in private places. He owned 1000 acres 
 of land in the town of Wallkill, Orange Co., which, 
 after his death, became the property of his only child. 
 Rev. George McNish. He died March 10, 1722. His 
 son. Rev. George McNish, married a daughter of Jo- 
 seph Smith, of Jamaica, and settled in New Jersey, 
 preaching at Newtown (now Newton) between 1744 
 and 1746. He subsequently preached at Goshen, spent 
 his life in the ministry, and died in Wallkill in 1779, 
 aged sixty-five. His children were Andrew Clark ; 
 George, who served in the Revolutionary war, and 
 fortunately escaped from Fort Montgomery when 
 
 taken by the British ; Peggy; and Polly, wife of George 
 Conkling, of Goshen. 
 
 Andrew Clark McNish, born Aug. 17, 1752, died 
 Feb. 12, 1805. His wife was Elizabeth Davis, of Long 
 Island, who was born in 1752, and died Feb. 22, 1797, 
 leaving eight children, — Joshua, born Sept. 1, 1779, 
 was stationed on Staten Island, and served for fifteen 
 mouths there in the war of 1812 ; Polly, born in 1781 ; 
 Phebe, born in 1783, died at the age of eleven years ; 
 Joanna, born Sept. 21, 1785, wife of Robert Kirk ; 
 Sarah, born Aug. 12, 1782, wife of David Everett, 
 father of Dr. Everett, of Middletown; Henry, born 
 April 5, 1791, is residing in the town of Mount Hope, 
 in 1881, and served with his brother in the war of 
 1812, under Col. Faulkner ; Andrew, born March 26, 
 1793 ; and Spicer, born April 24, 1795, resided in 
 Sullivan County, where he was accidentally killed by 
 a falling tree. 
 
 Andrew was a carpenter by trade, and built the 
 Clove Church in Wantage, N. J. He was subsequently 
 a farmer there, where he spent the remainder of his 
 life. Henry was a blacksmith. 
 
 Andrew Clark McNish owned 100 acres of land 
 within what is now the corporation of Middletown, 
 on the road leading from Bloomingburgh to Mechan- 
 ictown, upon which he erected a log house and log 
 barn. Here he resided until his death. Upon the 
 death of the parents, when the children were all young, 
 they were put out among their friends. The eldest, 
 Joshua, succeeded to the homestead, and gave, as re- 
 quested in his father's will, his brothers and sisters 
 $75 each, and a trade, if they chose to learn one. 
 Joshua was father of our subject, and resided upon 
 the homestead during his life. Subsequent to his 
 marriage he built a house on another part of the 
 homestead, which was destroyed by fire in 1855, and 
 the same year the present substantial residence was 
 built by his son, Wickham C, who purchased the 
 property of his brother, Andrew C, in 1854, and re- 
 tained possession of it until 1860, when he sold it to 
 his brother-in-law, James B. Crawford, who now re- 
 sides upon it. His wife, Mary M., born June 4, 1789, 
 was a daughter of Deacon James Reeve, one of the 
 founders and first deacons of the Congregational 
 Church at Middletown, and who settled in Waway- 
 anda from Long Island, about two miles from Mid- 
 dletown, on the farm now owned by his grandson, 
 Wickham C. Reeve. They were married March 19, 
 1814, and she died Dec. 18, 1863, having survived her 
 husband since Oct. 6, 1829. After her husband's 
 death she managed the homestead farm with superior 
 judgment and ability, and reared her children with 
 all the care and devotion of a Christian mother until 
 her death. Both Joshua McNish and wife were ac- 
 tive members of the Congregational Church at Mid- 
 dletown, and promoters of all worthy objects in the 
 vicinity. Their children are Andrew C, born Nov. 
 28, 1816, died at the age of thirty-seven ; George, born 
 Dec. 25, 1819, died at the age of twenty-one ; Eliza- 
 
m m^ 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 493 
 
 beth, born Jan. 17, 1820 ; Wickham C, born Aug. 25, 
 1823. 
 
 Wickham C. McNish received his early education 
 at the district school and in the Wallkill Academy, 
 and at the age of sixteen engaged in teaching, which 
 he continued for six terms, alternating with labor on 
 the home fiirm during the summer seasons. About 
 this time emigration to the gold-fields of California was 
 rapidly going on, and Mr. McNish, desirous of travel- 
 ing, and also of testing the truth of the fabulous re- 
 ports that came from the Pacific coast, accordingly in 
 the spring of 1850 set out for San Francisco, which he 
 reached via the isthmus after a tedious journey of 
 some three months. Having formed the acquaintance 
 of James B. Roberts, of Philadelphia, on his way there, 
 after a short time as clerk in a boot and shoe store, 
 with that gentleman he established himself in the 
 jobbing and wholesale boot and shoe trade, which 
 rapidly increased with the then growing demands of 
 the new country. Leaving his partner in charge of 
 the business there, Mr. McNish, in 1853, came East, 
 and remained the resident partner here, purchasing 
 goods in Boston and New York for their trade in San 
 Francisco. These .successful business relations con- 
 tinued until 18G9, when they sold out their business. 
 
 In 18()5 a stock company was formed in Boston, 
 styled "The Phrenix'Oil and Land Company," in 
 which Mr. McNish held a controlling interest, and be- 
 came the manager of their oil and real estate interests 
 at Titusville, Pa., until 1873, when the company dis- 
 posed of their busine.s3. Since this time he has con- 
 tinued his operations in tanking and producing oil in 
 the various oil-fields of Pennsylvania. 
 
 During his active business career, Mr. McNish, 
 whether a resident of San Francisco, Boston, or among 
 his immediate friends at Middletown, has never lost 
 sight of the early impressions of his boyhood, and 
 wherever he has been located he has been numbered 
 among the promoters of morality, good society, and 
 religious instruction. For nearly his whole life he 
 has been identified with the Congregational Church 
 at Middletown as a member, and officially, and a lib- 
 eral contributor to its interests, and while a resident 
 at San Francisco he ])ecame one of the founders of 
 the First Congregational Church of that city, and was 
 one of the charter members to lay the corner-stone of 
 that church. Mr. McNish was one of the incorpora- 
 tors of the Wallkill Bank, and was one of its directors 
 from its organization until his return to California in 
 1860, when he disposed of his interest in that institu- 
 tion. 
 
 He married in January, 1857, Marietta, daughter 
 of William W. Reeve, Esq., and Jane Ayres, of Mid- 
 dletown. They havean only child, Mary Jane McNish. 
 Mrs. McNish's father was widely known throughout 
 Orange County as a surveyor, wa-sju.stice of the peace 
 at Middletown for si.xteen years, supervisor of the 
 town of Wallkill for several years, and represented 
 his district in the State Legislature in 1856. 
 
 ALBERT BULL. 
 Albert Bull is the sixth in line of descent from 
 William Bull, born in England in February, 1689, 
 came to America, sailing from Ireland, where he had 
 spent his minority, about 1715. He was a mason by 
 trade, and in 1716 did the mason-work for a stone 
 house, known as the "Old Graycourt House," in 
 Chester, for Daniel Cromeline, who had an interest in 
 the Wawayanda Patent. 
 
 In 1718 he married Sarah Wells, the first white 
 woman who set foot upon the soil of the town of 
 Goshen, born April 6, 1694, and who died April 21, 
 1796. He died in February, 1755. In 1868 an ap- 
 propriate monument was erected over the remains of 
 William Bull and Sarah Wells, near the Hampton- 
 burgh church, by their lineal descendants. 
 
 To this venerable couple were born twelve children, 
 of whom two sons, Thomas and William, were settled 
 by their father on 500 acres of land lying partly in 
 each of the towns of Goshen and Wallkill, divided by 
 the Wallkill River. 
 
 William settled on the west side of the river, and 
 the homestead is still in possession of his descend- 
 ants. 
 
 His son Moses, born June 20, 1753, occupied the 
 homestead during his life, and died Dec. 23, 1844. 
 His only son, Moses Bull, Jr., born June 19, 
 1773, was grandfather of our subject, and resided at 
 Scotchtown, in the town of Wallkill, on the farm now 
 occupied by Harvey Roe, where he died May 16, 
 1848. 
 
 His wife, Dolly Moore, whom he married July 28, 
 1795, was born June 17, 1771, and died May 14, 1855. 
 Moses Bull, Jr., joined the church in 1815, was a 
 devoted Christian man, and from the time of his mar- 
 riage until death kept up the family altar. His wife 
 was a member of the Presbyterian Church from girl- 
 hood, and reared her large family of children under 
 Christian influences. 
 
 Their children were Sophia, wife of Thomas Bell, 
 of Geneva, N. Y.; Arietta, wife of John Patterson, 
 of New York; Elijah and Elisha (twins); Rev. 
 Ralph Bull, for twenty-seven years a Presbyterian 
 clergyman at Westtown, Orange Co. ; Marianne, 
 I widow of the late Daniel Cousins, of Middletown ; 
 Caroline -and Catherine (twins); the former, first 
 the wife of Andrew McWilliams, and after his death 
 the wife of Harvey McMonagle, of AVallkill ; Me- 
 hetabel, wife of Moses McMonagle, of Wallkill, now 
 occupying the old homestead ; Rhoda, wife of Heze- 
 kiah Conner, of Wallkill ; Emma, wife of Charles B. 
 Conner, of Wallkill ; and Julia, wife of Harvey J. 
 H. McWilliams. Of these children, Elisha was father 
 of Albert Bull, was born Jan. 16, 1801, in Wallkill, 
 and died June 22, 1870, in Missouri, while there 
 visiting his son. He spent his active business life 
 as a farmer in the town of Warwick, where he set- 
 tled soon after his first marriage, and was a member 
 of the Presbyterian Church at Amity. 
 
494 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 He married, March 4, 1828, Harriet, daughter of 
 Walter and Abigail (Corwin) Everett, of Wallkill, 
 and sister of the wife of Dr. Harvey Everett, of Jlid- 
 dletown. She was born in 1806, and died Sept. 3, 
 1836, leaving children, — Albert, Walter, and Harriet, 
 wife of Henry Howe, of Warwick. His second wife 
 was Sarah Dusenberre, who bore him the following 
 children : Sidney, Harrison, Charles, Henry, and 
 John P. After the death of his second wife he mar- 
 ried Mary Nichols, of which nnion there was no issue. 
 
 Albert Bull was born in Wallkill, April 16, 1829, 
 ■and spent his minority in the routine of farm work and 
 at school. For two years after reaching his majority 
 he resided in the western part of the State, and for one 
 year following at Chester, Orange Co. 
 
 In the spring of 18.53 he settled in Middletown, and 
 became the partner of Dr. Harve}' Everett in the 
 drug business, whose place is located on Franklin 
 Square, where he has continued a successful trade 
 since. Mr. Bull erected the fine brick building, 
 " Bull's Opera-House," on Main Street, in 1870, ca- 
 pable of seating 800 persons, and since his residence 
 in Middletown he has ranked among the enterprising, 
 thorough-going, and substantial business men of the 
 place. 
 
 He married, June 20, 1867, Ella B., daughter of 
 Leander and Nancy (Barkley) Crawford, who was 
 born in January, 1845. Their children are Anna M., 
 Frank, and Irving. 
 
 ELISHA PEARL WHEELER. 
 
 Elisha Pearl Wheeler, grandson of John, and son 
 of Lemuel and Hannah (Pearl) Wheeler, was born at 
 Hampton, Windham Co., Conn., Feb. 5, 1807. 
 
 His father, Lemuel, born at Pomfret, Conn., April 
 20, 1782, was a carpenter and builder by trade, 
 and for a time was a merchant in Springfield, Mass. 
 He resided at Red Hook, Duchess Co., N. Y., for 
 a few years, and subsequently took up his resi- 
 dence in Saugerties, Ulster Co., N. Y., for the 
 purpose of superintending the construction of the 
 aqueduct and water-wheels at the iron-works there, 
 where he died April 16, 1839. 
 
 By his first wife, Hannah, daughter of Philip 
 Pearl, and sister of Hon. Philip Pearl, who was born 
 Aug. 14, 1785, whom he married Jan. 25, 1806, he 
 had two children, — Elisha P., and Emeline (wife of 
 Charles Sanford), who died in Newburgh. 
 
 By his second wife, Orinda Goodell, he had chil- 
 dren, — Lydia Angelina (widow of James G. Swezey), 
 and Cordelia Wheeler, of Middletown. 
 
 Elisha P. Wheeler received his education at the 
 district school and at Red Hook Academy, which 
 was thorough as far as it went. He had a good com- 
 mand of language, wrote well and to the point, and 
 was a very accurate accountant. 
 
 At Saugerties he was engaged for a few years in a 
 rolling-mill and ftirnace located there. 
 
 At the age of twenty-three he went into the employ 
 of Charles Sanford, who married his sister, and was 
 in the stove and tin business at Rhinebeck. He re- 
 mained in the employ of his brother-in-law in^the 
 
 (f 'yp'^^^^^:^.^^ 
 
 same business at Rhinebeck and Catskill until 1830, 
 when they came to Orange County, as partners in the 
 .same business at Montgomery. The firm was San- 
 ford & Wheeler. For a while Mr. Wheeler managed 
 a branch store at Walden, which was afterwards re- 
 moved to Newburgh. They remained in business to- 
 gether — Mr. Wheeler at Montgomery, and Mr. San- 
 ford at Newburgh — until the latter died, in 1832. 
 
 He then went into partnership with Jonah F. 
 France, in the stove and tin business. In 1839 they 
 took into the firm Joseph Lemon and Abner Madden, 
 and built a furnace. The firm of Wheeler, France & 
 Co. was engaged in the business of making castings, 
 stoves, etc., and in the tin trade, until 1842, when 
 they sold out. Mr. Wheeler first came to Middle- 
 town in the spring of 1843. He commenced in busi- 
 ness herewith Jonah F. France, Edward M. Madden, 
 and Joseph Lemon. The new firm started in the 
 spring of 1843, under the firm-name of AVheeler, 
 France & Co., in the tin and foundry business, with 
 a store on North Street. The foundry business gave 
 Mr. Wheeler his first favored start in Middletown. 
 He was connected with it as a part owner until 1854, 
 when he sold out, and it was in other hands until 
 1863, when he became its sole owner. 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 495 
 
 After 1853 he was connected with many of the 
 principal manufacturing enterprises which have given 
 Jliddletown its chief growtli and prominence. In the 
 year mentioned the Monhagen Saw-Worlis were 
 started, of which he was one of the three original 
 owners. The firm was first Wheeler, Madden & 
 Bakewell, and afterwards, in 1860, Wheeler, Madden 
 & Clemson. The factory was one of the first in the 
 country, and it is now one of the largest. Its busi- 
 ness increased so that in 1862 the firm started the 
 Jlonhagen Steel-Works and Kolling-Mills, under the 
 firm-name of E. M. Maddeu & Co., for the manufac- 
 ture of their own steel. In 18(53 the firm became 
 largely interested in the Eagle File- Works. The firm- 
 name was Wheeler, Clemson & Co. In 1866-67 
 Wheeler, Madden & Clemson, with others, started 
 the Middletown Forged Horee-Nail Works. A few 
 years ago the firm became a stock company, under 
 the incorporated title of The Wheeler, Madden & 
 Clemson Manufacturing Company, and Mr. Wheeler 
 was its president. 
 
 In 1866, Mr. Wheeler began to make connections 
 with new railroad enterprises, which promised to be 
 beneficial to Middletown, and not unprofitable to 
 those who should engage in them. 
 
 He was made a director of the Middletown and 
 Unionville Railroad on its organization, and was its 
 president till 1875. He broke ground for that enter- 
 prise, throwing the first shovelful of dirt Oct. 8, 
 1866. He was among the earliest of those who were 
 enlisted in the Midland Railroad enterprise, and 
 drove the last spike at its completion. Unfortu- 
 nately, he was among the most severely punished 
 of its victims. He was an original director and the 
 first vice-president of the New York and Oswego 
 Midland from 1868 until 1872. He was a director of 
 the New Jersey Midland from its organization in 1870 
 till 1874. He was also an original director of the 
 Middletown and Crawford Railroad in 1870. 
 
 He was from the first a director of the M. U. & W. 
 G. Telegraph Company, also of the Middletown and 
 Wurtsboro' Turnpike Company. He was also director 
 of its predeces-sor, the Middletown and Blooming- 
 burgh Plank-Road Company, and of the Middletown 
 and Unionville Plank-Road Company. 
 
 He was a trustee of the Middletown Gas-Light 
 Company and of the Orange County Milk Association. 
 He was one of the originators and first life members 
 of the Middletown Lyceum. He was a director of 
 the Middletown Bank from 1860 to 1857. He was 
 one of the originators of the Wallkill Bank, and its 
 first president for a few years, and a director until it 
 closed. He was a member of the board of trustees 
 in the year 1868, and was a member of the board of 
 education for every year except one since 1867, and 
 was its first president. 
 
 He was largely infiuential in getting the New York 
 State Homoeopathic Insane A.sylum located at Mid- 
 dletown. He gave S2000 towards it, and was one of 
 
 the trustees from the first until, by act of the Legisla- 
 ture in 1875, reducing the membership of the board, 
 he was legislated out of office ; but his interest in the 
 work suffered no abatement, his retirement being 
 gladly accepted by him as a relief from one of his 
 multiplied business and trust engagements. 
 
 He was one of the originators of Grace Episcopal 
 Church, and was one of its chief supporters. He 
 built both transepts entirely at his own expense. 
 He was a warden from the first to his death. Mr. 
 Wheeler, E. M. Madden, and William M. Graham 
 erected, in 1852, Gothic Hall, which the Press now oc- 
 cupies. It was then the first hall for public assem- 
 blages, except the churches, in all Middletown. Mr. 
 "Wheeler was one of ten citizens who assisted Mr. 
 John W. Hasbrouck to establish ' the mig Press, 
 which was the predecessor of the Orange County Press 
 and I\[idd!etown Daili/ Press. 
 
 He became an Odd-Fellow at Newburgh while 
 living at Montgomery, and a Mason shortly after the 
 reorganization of Hoffman Lodge, No. 412, F. A. M. 
 He was a member also of Midland Chapter, No. 240, 
 R. A. M., of Middletown. 
 
 Although Mr. Wheeler was never a seeker for po- 
 litical preferment, he nevertheless took an active 
 interest in the political questions of the day. He 
 was many times solicited to accept nominations to 
 office, but declined. Originally a Whig, he was in- 
 fluential in promoting the success of that party while 
 it existed. When the continued oppressions of the 
 slave power called into being the Republican party, 
 he was among the first to enter into that organiza- 
 tion, and was zealous in its support, participating 
 actively and prominently in several campaigns. In 
 1872 he acted with the Liberal Republicans and was 
 on the Greeley electoral ticket. Since then he gener- 
 ally acted with the Republicans. 
 
 Mr. Wheeler was married in Montgomery, in 1834, 
 to Miss Phebe Sears, of that place, who was a most de- 
 voted wife. She was born Oct. 13, 1813, and died 
 Dec. 3, 1878. Four children were born to them, — 
 Emeline, wife of Henry S. Moshier ; James, a lawyer 
 (formerly in practice in Brooklyn, now in San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal.); Hannah (wife of Charles H. Horton) ; 
 and Lemuel, who died in 1873. His mother died when 
 he was three years old. 
 
 As trustee, guardian, and executor of the estates of 
 deceased persons, probably more trusts were confided 
 to him than to any other man in Middletown, and 
 every trust was discharged with the utmost fidelity. 
 
 The last few years of his life were clouded by anxie- 
 ties and troubles, brought upon him by the acts of 
 those in whom he trusted. 
 
 He was also subjected to severe trials in the loss of his 
 property, which was the result of his connection with 
 the Midland Railroad and the Nes Silicon Steel Com- 
 pany. These he bore manfully, and the transfer of his 
 property was made with an honesty that in these times 
 is as uncommon as it is remarkable. 
 
496 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Mr. Wheeler was a man of simple, correct habits, 
 frugiil ways of living, unostentatious manners, and 
 lived a pure life. In him the poor of Middletown 
 had a friend, generous and liberal to a fault. 
 
 OLIVER p. REEVE. 
 His grandfather, Deacon James Reeve, came from 
 Long Island about 1763, and settled on a farm in 
 Wawayanda, between Middletown and New Hamp- 
 ton, where he resided the remainder of his life. The 
 property is owned in 1881 by his grandson, Wickham 
 C. Reeve, and has been in possession of the family 
 since its first settlement bv Deacon James Reeve. 
 
 Deacon James Reeve was one of the principal men 
 who united in building the First Congregational 
 church at Middletown, which occupied the site of the 
 present Congregational church. His first wife, Heph- 
 zibah Moore, bore him three children, — James, who 
 served as a soldier at the battle of Minisink in 1779; 
 Hephzibah, married a Mr. Hulse ; and Mary, a Mr. 
 Canfield. By his second wife, Mary Corwin, he had 
 the following children : David; Daniel; .Joshua, set- 
 tled in Michigan ; Elijah, died a young man ; Isaac, 
 resided on the old homestead; Anna, married a Mr. 
 Keene, and resided at the Beach Woods, Pa. ; Debo- 
 rah, married a Mr. Shultz, of Orange County ; Ketu- 
 rah, married Stewart Brown, and resided in Ohio; 
 Lydia, married a Mr. Moore, of Orange County ; 
 Mary A., married Joshua McNish, of Wallkill, a 
 descendaut of Rev. George McNish, of Long Island, 
 
 who was one of the original members of the first 
 Presbytery in America, and father of the first Presby- 
 tery in the province of New York ; Jerusha, married 
 a Mr. Burns, of Beach Woods, Pa. ; Dorothy, married 
 Benjamin Hulse, of Orange County ; Sarah ; and 
 Julia, married a Mr. Tidd, of Sullivan County, N. Y., 
 and after his death a Mr. Drake. She was the last 
 surviving one of this family of eighteen children, 
 died at the age of eighty-seven, and was buried on 
 New- Year's Day, 1881, at Bloomingburgh, N. Y. 
 
 Of these children, David was father of our subject, 
 was born in 1771, and died in 1848. He followed 
 agricultural pursuits during his life, and owned a farm 
 in the town of Wallkill, within a couple of miles of 
 Middletown. He was a quiet, unostentatious mau, 
 and sought to fulfill the full duty of a citizen, was 
 active as a member of the Congregational Church at 
 Middletown, and a promoter of the benevolent objects 
 of his time. His wife, Esther, daughter of William 
 Wickliam, whom he married in 1797, was born in 
 1780, was a devoted Christian woman, a member of the 
 Congregational Church, and died in 1837. Their chil- 
 dren are Mary, wife of George V. Mapes, of Orange 
 County; Rosetta, wife of Sylvester Cooper, of Matti- 
 tuck, L. I.; William W., for many years supervisor 
 and justice of the peace at Jliddletown, and widely 
 known throughout the county as a surveyor ; James, 
 settled in Tompkins County; Hosea, of Jackson 
 County, Mich. ; Arminda, widow of Dr. Hedges, of 
 Chester, N. J. ; Fanny Jane, died at the age of ten 
 years ; Louisa, widow of the late B. W. Shaw, of Mid- 
 dletown ; David Rose, died in Orange County ; Ben- 
 jamin Franklin, died in Philadelphia ; Oliver P. ; and 
 Harriet, wife of Rev. L. I. Stoughtenburgh, of Morris 
 County, N. J. 
 
 Oliver P., son of David Reeve, was born on the 
 homestead, in the town of Wallkill, March 10, 1822. 
 His early book knowledge was received at the district 
 school and select school at Ridgebury, and prior to 
 reaching his majority he was a teacher in the common 
 schools in the vicinity of his birth for some three 
 years. LTpon the death of his father he succeeded, by 
 purchase of the other heirs, to the homestead farm of 
 15fi acres, which he carried on for nine years, and then 
 disposed of it. 
 
 In 1859 he engaged in mercantile business at Bull- 
 ville, Orange Co., and in connection with this busi- 
 ness was largely engaged in forwarding produce via 
 Newburgh to New York. He carried on this busi- 
 ness successfully for five years, disposed of his stock 
 of goods, and in 1864 settled in Middletown, where 
 he engaged in building tenement houses for some five 
 years, and in improving real estate which lie pur- 
 chased. 
 
 In the spring of 1879 he opened an insurance office 
 on Franklin Square, representing several wealthy and 
 substantial companies, where he has since continued 
 to do business, having for his partner the late H. L. 
 Shaw, who died May 20, 1881. 
 
J./^. 
 
 ^OuJl^ 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 497 
 
 Mr. Reeve has spent a life almost wholly devoted 
 to business pursuits, yet amidst its activity he has 
 ever been interested in the various enterprises of a 
 local nature about him, and a promoter of morality 
 and religious interests in society. For forty years he 
 has been connected with the Congretcational Church 
 at Middletown, was one of tlic building committee in 
 the erection of the present church edifice, and is at 
 the present time one of its board of trustees and treas- 
 urer. He has also officiated as trustee of the village 
 for two terms, and assessor for one term. He married, 
 in 18.52, Charlotte, dauglitor of David G. Redfield,who 
 died four years after her marriage, leaving no issue. 
 His present wife is Esther E., daughter of John 
 Shorter, of Crawford, whom he married in 1858, and 
 by whom he has one son, Theodore Lincoln. 
 
 BENJAMIN AVOODFORD SHAW. 
 
 The Shaw family are of Scotch-Irish extraction, 
 having removed at an early period from Scotland to 
 the north of Ireland, from whence a branch emigrated 
 to America about 1750. Among this number was Wil- 
 liam, who chose a residence in Orange County, pur- 
 chasing land in Mount Hope township, which is still 
 in possession of the family. On this wilderness tract 
 of land he first resided in a log house, but afterwards 
 built a frame house, which forms a part of the resi- 
 dence now on the farm. He married Mary Waldron, 
 of New York, who bore him the following children : 
 John, Dr. Robert, Samuel, Henry, Alexander, Wil- 
 liam, James, Charles, Elizabeth, and Mary. 
 
 The death of William Shaw occurred in 1822. The 
 simplicity, integrity, and purity which governed his 
 life are best illustrated by embodying in this sketch 
 the following letter left by him on his death : 
 
 *' This to be reail to my children wlieu I am laid iu the grave. My 
 dear children, aa God in his meiey has given yon all the natural facul- 
 ties and powers that are natural to man, I hope you will daily return 
 thanks for the same, and that yon will make the Scriptures your nile of 
 life, and seek and serve God in the way and manner that he will approve 
 and bless. 
 
 *' As your mother has nursed you with the greatest tenderness, endeavor 
 to give her a suitabh' return by honoring her person and receiving her 
 counsels and providing for lier \vant.s while God continues her in time. 
 I hope you will love and cherish one another, not taking the least ad- 
 vantage, and if misfortune shonld befall any of you I hope the rest will 
 not only with your counsel, hut with your property, assist your unfortu- 
 nate brother or sister. Be just in all your dealings with mankind ; be 
 content with your own, ho it little or much, for it is not the quantity 
 that makes men happy, but being content with your condition. 
 
 "Signed with my hand this third day of June, one thousand eight 
 hundred and si.\. William Siiaw " 
 
 William, the sixtli son of William and Mary Shaw, 
 father of our subject, was born Dec. 27, 1782, and 
 died March 25, 1855. His wife was Rachel Schoon- 
 oven, who was born Dec. 19, 1792, and died Dec. 18, 
 1876. Their children were Aaron, a lawyer, judge of 
 the Supreme Court, and member of Congress, of Olney, 
 111. ; Howard, I'nited States ganger, and fanner on a 
 part of the old homestead ; Benjamin ^V^oodward ; 
 Mary Waldron, wife of John Myer, of New York, 
 
 and after his death became the wife of Edward Clapp, 
 of New York, who is now deceased ; Catherine West- 
 brook, wife of William Howell, of Middletown ; Peggy, 
 wife of Benjamin Beyea; Alexander McMaken ; and 
 Su.san Elizabeth, wife of David Robertson, of Shawan- 
 gunk, Ulster Co., N. Y. 
 
 This family of children were reared on the old 
 homestead, where the jjarents spent their lives, and 
 did well their part as good citizens in promoting all 
 local enterprises tending to benefit society. 
 
 Benjamin Woodward, son of William and Rachel 
 Shaw, was liorn Feb. 3, 1817, on the homestead in 
 Mount Hope, on the road between Van Burenville 
 and New Vernon. He spent his boyhood on the farm 
 of his father, attending district school in winter, and 
 showing unusual ability as a mathematician. He also 
 paid some attention to surveying, but chose for his life 
 occupation the mercantile business. At the age of 
 seventeen he came to Middletown as clerk for Samuel 
 Denton, then the leading merchant here. On Sept. 
 26, 1839, he married Louisa, daughter of David Reeve, 
 and granddaughter of Deacon James Reeve, who 
 came from Long Island about 17()3, and settled on a 
 farm in Wawayanda, where he resided the remainder 
 of his life. She was born Oct. 3, 1814, and survives 
 her husband, who died Mtirch 29, 1881. 
 
 In 1841 Mr. Shaw formed a partnership with Daniel 
 Gerow, under the firm-name of Shaw & Gerow, and 
 engaged in business on his account. This partnership 
 lasted one year. He was then associated with Col. 
 Herman B. Young and John B. Hanford. After the 
 first year Col. Young retired from the firm, and for 
 fifteen years Mr. Shaw and Jlr. Hanford continued 
 the business under the firm-name of Shaw & Hanford. 
 Mr. Hanford's health failing, he retired from busi- 
 ness. A new partnership was then formed with Charles 
 Stewart and AVilliam M. McQuoid. After a few years, 
 Mr. Stewart retired from the firm and went West, and 
 the firm became Shaw & McQuoid, and continued 
 until 1869, when Mr. Shaw's son, Hanford L., entered 
 the firm, the name being changed to Shaws & Mc- 
 Quoid. When Mr. McQuoid's health failed and ne- 
 cessitated his retirement from active business, the firm 
 became B. W. Shaw & Son. Mr. Hanford L. Shaw's 
 health compelled his retirement from business, and 
 on the first of February, 1877, Mr. Shaw associated 
 with himself his two head clerks, Charles C. Luckey 
 and James B. Carson, and the firm became B. W. 
 Shaw & Co., so continuing until the present time. 
 
 The firm of Shaw & Gerow did business on the 
 south side of Main Street, and on its dissolution Jlr. 
 Shaw removed across the street, taking possession of 
 the .store that he has ever since occupied. 
 
 Although closely absorbed in his private business, 
 Mr. Shaw found time to devote to the public interests. 
 He was a trustee of the village under its present charter. 
 For nine years he was trustee of the Presbyterian 
 Church. He was a director of the Wallkill Bank 
 from its organization to the time of its failure. He 
 
498 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 was president of the Middletown and Wurtsboro' 
 Plank-Road Company from the time of its reorganiza- 
 tion. He was also a trustee of the Middletown Sav- 
 ings-Bank. Although an earnest Republican, he 
 never took much interest in politics, and when nomi- 
 nated for supervisor by his i)arty a few years ago, re- 
 fused to run. 
 
 Mr. Shaw was during the whole of his life deeply 
 absorbed in business, yet he was always willing to 
 lend a listening ear and a helping hand to any pro- 
 ject looking to the welfare of the village. He was a 
 thoroughly honest and upright man, and much of his 
 success was due to the confidence that the luirchasing 
 public had in the excellence of liLs goods and the 
 truth of the representations made by himself and his 
 employes. He had a very wide acquaintance not 
 only in the village, but in the country round about, 
 and all his acquaintances soon grew to be friends. 
 
 Although not a communicant of any church, he 
 was a regular attendant at the services of the First 
 Presbyterian Church, and contributed liberally of his 
 means towards building the present church edifice. 
 His children are Esther W., wife of Irving D. Booth, 
 a wholesale hardware merchant of Elniira ; Pauline 
 D., wife of T. N. Little, of Middletown ; Hanford L., 
 of the real estate and insurance firm of Reeve & Shaw, 
 died May 20, 1881 ; and Miss Netta L. Shaw. 
 
 HORTON VAIL. 
 
 Josiali, Samuel, and Benjamin Vail, three brothers, 
 were among the early settlers of Orange County, and 
 the name appears in connection with papers and 
 titles of land in the old town of Goshen. 
 
 Samuel married Hannah Petty, who bore him 
 children, — Gilbert, Michael, Phebe, Experience, and 
 Hannah. 
 
 Gilbert married Hannah Arnot, who bore him the 
 following children : Julia, Samuel, Joseph, Sally, 
 Phebe, Esther, Hannah, and Polly. Of these, Samuel, 
 the grandfather of our subject, resided in the west 
 division of the town of Goshen, where he carried on 
 farming, and also his trade as a cloth-dresser and 
 fuller. By his wife, Hannah Dunning, he had the 
 following children : Deborah, Gilbert, Samuel, James, 
 John, Anson, Phebe, Jacob, Julia, William, Hannah, 
 and Horace. Both Samuel Vail and his wife were 
 buried in the cemetery at Goshen. 
 
 The first Gilbert mentioned in this sketch was 
 among the ever memorable brave and worthy patriots 
 who fought Col. Brant, "Monster Brant," as he was 
 styled, and his 300 warriors and 200 painted Tories, 
 at the battle of Minisink, in 1779, and whose name 
 appears on the monument at Goshen, donated by the 
 late Dr. Merritt H. Cash. 
 
 Samuel, second son of Samuel and Hannah Vail, 
 was born Sept. 23, 1787, and died April 5, 1855. His 
 minority was spent in his native town, Goshen, 
 mostly in the family of Joseph Wood. Upon reach- 
 
 ing his majority he learned the trade of wool carding 
 and fulling cloth, which business, during the early part 
 of his active business career, he followed on his own 
 account, and, in connection with farming, was his 
 main life business. He was a resident successively 
 of Minisink (Gardenerville), Warwick, and Pochuck, 
 now Glenwood, in the township of Vernon, Sussex 
 Co., N. J., until about 1834, when he removed again 
 into the town of Warwick, and settled near Amity, 
 where he resided until his death. 
 
 He had a studious and thoughtful disposition, pos- 
 sessed a good business education, and his account- 
 books showed the work of a neat and thorough 
 accountant. He was liberal of his means to any cause 
 that had for its object the elevation and amelioration 
 of society. His love for home and family was intense, 
 and his eyes always kindled with pride when mention 
 was made of his ten boys in his presence. Never an 
 open professor of religion, yet Samuel Vail was a 
 God-fearing man, a thorough student of the Bible, 
 and assisted liberally Christian churches and kindred 
 objects. It was a common saying of him, " If all men 
 were as truthful and honest as ' Uncle Sammy Vail' 
 there would be little need for lawyers, judges, and 
 jurymen." 
 
 His wife, Sally, born April 5, 1704, and who died 
 Nov. 7, 1845, was a daughter of Reuben Cash and 
 Milliceut Howell, of Minisink, and sister of the late 
 Dr. Merritt H. Cash, well known as a prominent 
 physician in Orange County, who died April 26, 1861, 
 aged about sixty years. 
 
 The children of Samuel and Sally (Cash) Vail are : 
 Festus H., was a farmer near Great Bend, and there 
 died ; Reuben C, was a farmer at New Milford, Pa., 
 where he died ; Samuel, is a farmer at the latter place ; 
 Charles M.; James Lewis, is connected with the 
 Newark Moniing Ref/iski- ,■ Dr. M. H. C. Vail, gradu- 
 ated at the Castleton Medical College, Vermont, 
 practiced medicine for some twenty-five years, served 
 one term in the New Jersey Legislature, and is now 
 the editor and proprietor of the Newark Morning 
 Register; George, resides at New Milford, Pa. ; Hor- 
 ton ; Solomon Van Rensselaer, deceased ; and John M., 
 a farmer at Havana, N. Y. 
 
 Horton Vail was born June 27, 1834, spent his 
 minority in the routine of farm work and attending 
 school, and for three years after reaching his major- 
 ity was a teacher. On Oct. 8, 1858, he married Sarah 
 France, daughter of John S. and Hannah M. 
 (France) Redfield, of Goshen. They have an only 
 child, Nellie Vail. 
 
 For seven years following his marriage he owned 
 and carried on a farm in the town of Goshen. In 
 1865 he removed to Middletown, where he engaged 
 in the book and stationery business, which he success- 
 fully carried on for eight years, and disposed of his 
 business. 
 
 Upon settling in Middletown, Mr. Vail at once 
 identified himself with the best interests of the village. 
 
l4)o^t^ Vcul 
 

 S^'^^i^vCcc^^Li^ 
 
\^ 
 
 ' :l 
 
 ; li 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 499 
 
 and since his residence liere he lias been a promoter 
 of church and school interests, and an advocate of 
 all progressive measures tending to morality, good 
 society, and the genera! welfare of the people. Mr. 
 Vail is possessed of a naturally literary taste, and as 
 a casual correspondent of the local newspapers of 
 Orange County, and especially of the Middletown 
 papers, in which many valuable productions from 
 his pen may be found, his contributions are trenchant, 
 studied, and interesting, and show a studious mind, 
 ' reading, and research. Mr. Vail is conversant with 
 the current imi)ortant topics of the times, a man of 
 practical ideas, considerate in his opinions, and frank 
 in his ways. Both as a trustee of the Second Presby- 
 terian Church, of which he and his wife are members, 
 and as the assessor of the village for the past two 
 years, he retains the confidence of the people. 
 
 Mr. Vail is the only representative left in Orange 
 County of the large family of ten sons of Samuel 
 Vail, all of whom grew to manhood, and all were 
 married and reared families except George. 
 
 GEN. CALVIN G. SAWYER. 
 
 His father, Benjamin Sawyer, resided near Carpen- 
 ter's Point, on the Delaware, and for many years kept 
 the hospitable inn of " olden time," and conveyed the 
 guests of his house and the traveling public across the 
 river by means of his ferry. He afterwards removed 
 to the town of Goshen, near the " Drowned Lands," 
 where he purchased a i'arm, now in possession of one 
 of his sons, Franklin, and there spent the remainder 
 of his life in agricultural pursuits. His wife was a 
 Miss Wood, who bore him the following sons : John, 
 Moses, Gen. Calvin G., and Franklin. 
 
 Gen. Calvin G. Sawyer was born on the homestead 
 at Carpenter's Point, March 12, 1796, and there spent 
 his minority, and often with his brothers was engaged 
 in running the ferry across the Delaware. He mar- 
 ried Hannah Valentine, who bore him seven children : 
 John ; Rev. Samuel Sawyer, a Presbyterian clergy- 
 man of Marion, Ind. ; Mary E., wife of Alonzo Banks, 
 of Pine Valley, Chemung Co., Js. Y. ; Hannah V., 
 widow of De Witt C. Payne, formerly of Goshen, but 
 now residing at Battle Creek, Mich.; Harriet; Ga- 
 briel, of Clarence, Iowa; and Caroline. 
 
 His second wife was Harriet, daughter of Judge 
 Armstrong, of the town of Warwick, near Florida, 
 but at the time of his marriage a widow Smith. 
 The children born of this union are Alida, wife of 
 Joel H. Coleman, of Blooming-Grove, and Calvin J., 
 a lawyer, of Clinton, Tenn. 
 
 His third wife, whom he married Dec. 25, 1844, was 
 Harriet W., widow of James M. Cash, brother of Dr. 
 Merritt H. Cash, and daughter of Maj. John White 
 and Eifa Brown, of Wallkill. She was born Aug. 18, 
 1815, and died May 7, 1861, leaving no issue. 
 
 Maj. White was born Dec. 22, 1768, was son of 
 Samuel White, a farmer, near Montgomery, but who 
 
 afterwards settled at Scotchtown, where Maj. White 
 became one of the founders of the Presbyterian Church, 
 and was one of its first elders. He died Sept. 11, 
 1839. Maj. White's wife was Efla Brown, born Dec. 
 
 1, 1775, married March 15, 1792, and who died May 
 
 2, 1847, leaving eleven children. 
 
 Gen. Sawyer married for his fourth wife, Aug. 31, 
 1863, Miss EfTa Ann, a sister of his third wife, who 
 was born Oct. 15, 1809, survives in 1881, and causes 
 the portrait of her husband to be placed in the his- 
 tory of Orange County, accompanying this sketch. 
 
 Gen. Sawyer first resided near Goshen, where Dom- 
 inie Staats now resides, and on the farm afterwards 
 owned by Garret Thew. Retiring from the more ac- 
 tive duties of life, he removed to Middletown, remained 
 one year, thence to Hamptonburgh, where he resided 
 nine years, and returned to Middletown, where he re- 
 sided sixteen years, and until his decease, which oc- 
 curred April 2, 1874. He was a man of decided con- 
 victions, good business ability, and sterling integrity. 
 He was well informed upon the current topics of his 
 day, and always interested in local and national legis- 
 lation, although no seeker after place himself He 
 received his military title from his connection with the 
 old State militia, and was familiarly known among 
 the prominent men of the last generation in Orange 
 County as sociable, frank, and always generous and 
 courteous. 
 
 CAPT. THOMAS E. HULSE. 
 
 Capt. Thomas E. Hulse, now residing near Middle- 
 town, is one of the oldest living native citizens of 
 Orange County. His birth occurred Sept. 16, 1796, 
 only thirteen years after the treaty of peace was signed 
 that made the American republic free and independ- 
 ent, and he has lived through nearly every adminis- 
 tration of a government that has increased from a few 
 millions to fifty millions of people. 
 
 The progenitor of his family in Orange County was 
 Thomas Hulse, who came from England, was a sol- 
 dier in the struggle of tlie colonies for independence, 
 and after its close settled in the town of Wallkill, 
 on a farm near where the asylum now stands. He 
 died at about the age of eighty years, leaving the fol- 
 lowing children: Martin, Phineas, Edward, Oliver, 
 Thomas, Susan, wife of James Mapes ; Julia, wife of 
 Mr. Woodruff; and Abigail, wife of Daniel Cooley. 
 Oliver was in the war of 1812. 
 
 Of these children, Thomas was father of our sub- 
 ject, owned and resided upon a farm on the Mount 
 Hope road, about two and a half miles out of Middle- 
 town, and spent his life in agricultural pursuits, es- 
 teemed for the common cliaracteristics of tlie family, 
 — integrity and honesty in all the relations of life. He 
 lived to be eighty-one years of age, and died about 
 1850. His wife, Phebe Everson, who also lived to the 
 age of eighty-one, dying one year before him, bore 
 the following children: Fanny, Benjamin, Oliver, 
 Capt. Thomas E., Julia, wife of Hudson Everett ; 
 
500 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Mary, wife of George Cox ; Gilbert, John, and James, 
 the youngest succeeding to the homestead farm. 
 
 Capt. Thomas E. Hulse spent his boyhood in the 
 routine of farm work and attending school. At the 
 age of fifteen he started out in life for himself, and be- 
 came a clerk in a clothing-store in Newburgh. He 
 was engaged there as a clerk for i^everal years, but 
 about the time of reaching his majority set up busi- 
 ness for himself, which he continued until 1824. Dur- 
 ing that year, thinking that the city of New York 
 would be a more successful place for business and 
 give better opportunities for an enterprising young 
 man, he accordingly formed a business connection 
 with Peter Cornell, father of Hon. Thomas Cornell, 
 of Eondout, N. Y., and opened a wholesale grocery- 
 house in West Street, near the corner of Robinson 
 Street, the corner store being occupied by Mr. Piatt 
 Brush, in the same business. These two stores were 
 at that time the only buildings between Robinson and 
 Canal Streets, and for several blocks below. 
 
 After four years, Mr. Cornell went to Kingston, and 
 Capt. Hulse, after successfully continuing that busi- 
 ness for some time, disposed of it, and became in- 
 terested in and the owner of a number of schooners 
 plying between New York and Southern ports. He 
 also became a stockholder, and assisted in building 
 and running several steamboats, one of which, the 
 " Thomas E. Hulse," is well and favorably known to all 
 travelers on tlie Hudson River. Among those asso- 
 ciated with him in steamboat enterprises were Daniel 
 Drew, Kelly, Raymond, Weeks, Cox, Odell, and the 
 Hon. William Radford. 
 
 Having acquired a comfortable competence, and 
 becoming tired of public business, Capt. Hulse, in 
 1852, purchased a farm in Wawayanda, upon which 
 his family resided until 1855, when he bought 150 
 acres of land adjoining and partly lying in the corpo- 
 ration of Middletown, upon which he erected the same 
 year his present residence, and removed thereto. He 
 has mostly since been engaged in the improvement 
 and management of bis property, until age and paral- 
 ysis debarred him from its superintendence. He mar- 
 ried, Jan. 23, 1823, Permelia A., daughter of George 
 E. Hulse and Mary Lyon, of Newburgh, who was born 
 Nov. 2, 1800. Mrs. Hulse possesses rare womanly 
 qualities, an exquisite taste for all the appointments 
 of her household and flower-garden, in the latter 
 of which may be found, the summer long, blooming 
 flowers that attract the attention of the passer-by, 
 and a hospitality in every respect generous, frank, and 
 welcome. 
 
 On Jan. 23, 1873, many of the large circle of friends 
 of Capt. and Mrs. Hulse met at their well-appointed 
 and handsome country-seat, and joined them in cele- 
 brating the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage, — 
 their golden wedding, — then .surrounded by six chil- 
 dren and eight grandchildren, among whom were 
 Rev. Aug. Seward, D.D., pastor of the First Presby- 
 terian Church of Middletown, of which thev are mem- 
 
 bers ; Rev. Charles Seattle, and Rev. Charles A. Har- 
 vey, who delivered appropriate addresses, frequently 
 dwelling upon the history of this couple who had 
 traveled life's journey together so happily, and again 
 filled with wit and humorous allusions drawn from in- 
 cidents and scenes in the courtship, marriage, and 
 after-lives of the now aged but still cheerful and viva- 
 cious couple. 
 
 Capt. Hulse has never been a seeker after political 
 place or its emoluments, but preferred the quiet and 
 independence of a business life, to which he gave a* 
 period of nearly half a century. As a citizen, he has 
 always been esteemed for his integrity, usefulness, 
 frankness, generosity, and courtesy, and to all mat- 
 ters of a worthy local nature he has given a liberal 
 and hearty support. 
 
 Their children are Mary A.; Charles J., died at the 
 age of forty in 18G6 ; Henry L., visited California in 
 1849, returned in 1851, enlisted Sept. 5, 1862, in the 
 One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Regiment, New York 
 Volunteers, Duryea's Zouaves, Nineteenth Army 
 Corps, and was in the Red River expedition ; he was 
 in the battles of Fort Hudson, Mansfield, Pleasant 
 Hill, and Sugar-Cane River, and was mustered out of 
 service Aug. 30, 1865 ; Francis A., was the wife of 
 James V. Schenck, and both are deceased, leaving 
 two children, only one, Marie Louise, survives in 
 1881 ; Harriet A., wife of S. J. Curtis, of New York ; 
 Elmendore R., a farmer in Wawayanda : Eugenia C; 
 La Grange W., carries on the home farm ; and Julia 
 A., deceased. 
 
 JAMES B. BELL. 
 
 Among the oldest native residents of Jliddletown 
 and vicinity who, by untiring industry and integrity, 
 have won a place in the agricultural history of Orange 
 County, is the subject of this sketch, now in the 
 eighty -first year of his age, the last surviving child in 
 a family of eleven children of John Bell. 
 
 John Bell, born in county Down, Ireland, in 1753, 
 came to America in 1772, and upon the commence- 
 ment of hostilities by the colonies for independence 
 he enlisted in the regular service as a common sol- 
 dier, suffered the hardships, endured privations, and 
 followed the fortunes of war till he saw his adopted 
 country free and independent, and was honorably 
 discharged. 
 
 He served under General Washington and other 
 illustrious and brave commanders, and fought in the 
 battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth , 
 and for many years after the close of the war received 
 a small pension. 
 
 After the close of the war he married Keziah 
 Mapes, who was born in 1770, and settled on 
 111 acres of land in the town of Wallkill, where 
 he spent the remainder of his life in agricultural 
 pursuits. His wife, a devoted Christian mother and 
 member of the Presbyterian Church, died in 1810, 
 and bore him the following children : 
 

 zizn^^nM 
 
 ^.^^ 
 
M 
 
 uo^^t'ny: 
 
WALLKILL. 
 
 501 
 
 Benjamin, born April 22, 1786; Alexander, born 
 1788 ; Jane, born June 22, 1790 (wife of L. Godfrey) ; 
 John, born May 23, 1792; William, born July 13, 
 1794 ; Moses, born April 20, 1797 ; Thomas, born 
 March 4, 1799; James B., born March 10, 1801; 
 Gabriel, born April 25, 1803; Lewis, born July 2, 
 1805 ; George W., born June 3, 1807. 
 
 John Bell married for his second wife Mary Crane, 
 of which union there was no issue. 
 
 All his children settled in Orange County except 
 Benjamin, who settled in Ohio, and all were married 
 and reared families except Thomas and James B. 
 
 John Bell was known as honest in all his dealings 
 with his fellow-men. He inherited from liis Scotch 
 ancestry that independent free spirit of religious 
 worship which they spilt their blood to achieve, was 
 a member of the Presbyterian Church at Deerpark, 
 and a devoted Christian. He died Feb. 23, 1834. 
 
 James B. Bell was left motherless at the age of nine 
 years, and at that tender age went into the busy 
 world to carve out a fortune for himself, which, by 
 industry, economy, and resolution, he early in life 
 laid a foundation for; until the age of fifteen he 
 worked where he could find anything to do, at very 
 small wages, at one time only receiving twenty shil- 
 lings per month. At that age he began to learn the 
 tailor's trade, which he followed until his marriage, 
 Oct. 25, 1826, to Harriet Tuthill, who was born in 
 1802. He then purchased the homestead farm, which 
 he retained until 1831, sold it, and subsequently 
 owned several farms in the town of Wallkill. In 
 1859 he bought 108 acres contiguous to the village 
 of Middletown, which he has laid out into lots 
 and streets, and sold for building purposes. In 
 the short time of twenty-two years this property 
 has been nearly all covered with many fine and sub- 
 stantial residences, forming a very desirable part of 
 the village. 
 
 Wherever his residence has been, Mr. Bell has al- 
 ways taken an interest in church matters and all that 
 tends to morality and good society. 
 
 He became a member of the Deerpark Church at 
 an early age, was a member of the Howell Presbyte- 
 rian Church, and served it as trustee for fifteen years, 
 building himself the present church edifice, and since 
 his residence in Middletown he has been a member 
 and contributor to the Second Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Mr. Bell is a man of strength of character, pos- 
 sessed of integrity in all business relations, consid- 
 erate in his opinions, and decided in them when 
 once made. 
 
 His wife died May 6, 1874. 
 
 For his second wife he married Harriet, daughter 
 of George Pelton and Sarah Tuthill, of Wallkill, and 
 granddaughter of Peleg Pelton, a native of Con- 
 necticut, who was one of the early settlers of Wall- 
 kill. She was born Nov. 16, 1816, wiis first married 
 to Peter H. Bell, by whom she had seven children, 
 ■only one of whom (Jane, wife of Andrew Myres, 
 
 of Wantage, N. J.) is living. Her second hus- 
 band was Daniel ]Mapes. Her marriage to James B. 
 Bell, her present husband, occurred June 10, 1875. 
 
 ALANSON SLAUGHTER. 
 
 His paternal ancestor came from Wales, and settled 
 in Virginia, and many of his descendants are now re- 
 siding in the vicinity of Petersburg and Fredericks- 
 burg in that State. 
 
 Isaac, grandfather of Alanson, served under Gen. 
 Washington in the war for independence, and was 
 with him when encamped near Newburgh, Orange Co. 
 
 He was at the Ijattle of Ticonderoga and at the 
 taking of Crown Point, and served in the northern 
 campaign. After the war he received a pension. He 
 settled in the town of Wallkill after peace was de- 
 clared, subsequently removed to Shawangunk, Ulster 
 Co., and in the year 1803 purchased 200 acres of 
 land in the southeastern part of Wallkill, which 
 has since remained in the family. 
 
 In 1817 he bought a farm in what is now the town 
 of Hamptonburgh, upon which he settled in 1819, and 
 there resided the remainder of his life. He died in 
 1838, aged eighty-four years. 
 
 He was twice married, and had a family of twenty- 
 one children, of whom nineteen grew to manhood 
 and womanhood. Of these, Benjamin, Joseph, Archi- 
 bald, De Witt, William H., and several daughters 
 located in Orange County. His second wife's name 
 was Jane McBride. 
 
 Joseph was born Oct. 13, 1794, and died Feb. 25, 
 1873. His wife, whom he married Dec. 16, 1817, was 
 Amelia, daughter of Thomas Booth and Jane Barker, 
 of Hamptonburgh, who was born in 1798, and died 
 Aug. 14, 1877. 
 
 She was granddaughter of Benjamin Booth, son of 
 Charles Booth, who was son of Charles Bootii, who 
 was son of John Booth, of Southhold, L. I., to 
 whom, with one Sylvester, Shelter Island was granted 
 by the Indians in 1652. 
 
 The children of Joseph Slaughter and Amelia 
 Booth were Alanson, born Aug. 31, 1818; Mary 
 Louisa, born July 5, 1826, wife of John T. Coleman, 
 of Hamptonburgh ; and Helen, died young. 
 
 For some four years Joseph Slaughter resided upon 
 the home farm in Hamptonburgh, and about two 
 years after his marriage settled on the purchase of 
 his father at Wallkill, where he erected a part of the 
 present residence in 1823, and where he carried on 
 agricultural pursuits the remainder of his life. He 
 was a man of high social position in his town, and 
 influential in his town and county. 
 
 For many years he served as justice of the peace, 
 and frequently held his courts in his own house. He 
 was appointed judge of Orange County, represented 
 his Assembly district in the State Legislature for one 
 term in 1839, and for twentv vears was an elder in 
 
502 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 the Presbyterian Church at Scotchtown, of whicli both 
 himself aud wife were members. 
 
 He was originally a member of the Democratic 
 party, was a Free-Soiler, and upon the breaking out of 
 the Rebellion joined the Republican party. 
 
 Joseph Slaughter was a kind-hearted, sympathetic, 
 faithful, and patriotic citizen, and a man of correct 
 habits and sterling honesty. 
 
 Alanson, only son of Joseph Slaughter, received 
 his early education in the district school at home, 
 and in select schools at Goshen and Middletown. 
 He succeeded to the homestead in Wallkill by in- 
 heritance, and has there followed agricultural pur- 
 suits during his life. He is interested in all matters 
 pertaining to the prosperity of the town in which he 
 resides, is well read in the current topics of the times, 
 and a promoter of religious work and educational 
 interests. He has officiated as elder in the Scotch- 
 town Presbyterian Church for some eight years, and 
 both he and his wife have been members of that 
 church for some twenty-five years. 
 
 He has been one of the directors and stockholders 
 of the First National Bank of Middletown since its 
 organization, assessor of his town for several years, 
 and represented it in the board of supervisors of the 
 county for one term. 
 
 His wife is Mary Ann, only daughter of Nathaniel 
 Bailey and Jennet White, of Wallkill, and grand- 
 daughter of Daniel Bailey, who came from Long 
 Island, and was the progenitor of this branch of the 
 Bailey family in Orange County. 
 
 She was born Oct. 15, 1817, was married to Alanson 
 Slaughter Oct. 11, 1843, of which union they have 
 three daughters, viz.: Helen Jane (wife of George 
 W. Ackerly, of Montgomery), Jennet Bailey (wife of 
 Robert G. Young, of Goshen), and Ann Amelia. 
 
 JOHN B. HULSE. 
 
 John B. Hulse, son of Thomas Hulse and Phebe 
 Everson, mentioned in the sketch of Capt. Thomas 
 E. Hulse, aud brother of C'apt. Thomas, was born on 
 the homestead in Wallkill, March 8, 1800. He re- 
 mained at home until the age of twenty-five, working 
 upon his father's farm, and received during his minor- 
 ity a fair common-school education. 
 
 With little pecuniary assistance, but with a deter- 
 mination to succeed and carve out a property for him- 
 self, after his marriage, Feb. 22, 1834, to Hetta Ann, 
 daughter of Barney Horton and Anna Hawkins, who 
 was born Aug. 14, 1811, he settled on the farm, where 
 he has since resided, containing 120 acres of land, in 
 the southeastern part of the town of Wallkill, near 
 the Wallkill River. 
 
 By industry, economy, aud judicious management, 
 Mr. and Mrs. Hulse, in due course of time, paid 
 in full for their farm, and to it subsequently added 
 37 acres more. Upon this property Mr. Hulse has 
 erected commodious and substantial buildings, and 
 
 has brought the farm into a high state of cultiva- 
 tion. The products of his dairy were sold in the form 
 of butler until tlie completion of the Erie Railway, 
 since which time he sends the milk of his dairy direct 
 to a New York market daily. 
 
 Mr. Hulse may safely be classed among the active, 
 thrifty, and enterprising farmers of Orange County, 
 and in all his business relations he is known for his 
 integrity, good judgment, and business ability. For 
 many years he has been a stockholder in the Middle- 
 town National Bank, and for seven years past he has 
 served his town as one of its commissioners of high- 
 ways. His wife, a devoted mother, died Dec. 10, 
 1877. 
 
 Their children are Hudson E., a farmer in Wawa- 
 yanda ; Harriet Amelia, wife of Augustus Smith, a 
 farnier in the town of Goshen ; Theodore, born Feb. 
 9, 1838, was for several years in business in New York, 
 and died April •"), 1875 ; Barney H., born July 24, 
 1839, was also a business man in New York, and died 
 Dec. 22, 1873, leaving a widow ; John Edgar, a farmer 
 in Wallkill; Thomas E., born Sept. 16, 1847, died 
 April 18, 1862 ; and Silas, connected with the Erie 
 Railway, located at Jersey City. 
 
 HIRAM S. WILKISON. 
 
 His paternal grandfather, Jonathan, a cooper by 
 trade, removed with his family from Rahway, N. J., 
 in 1791, and settled first at Bloomingburgh, N. Y., and 
 after two years settled on the farm now owned by 
 William Kirk, near Circleville, in the town of Wall- 
 kill. He died in that vicinity. Both himself and 
 wife were members of the Hopewell Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 His wife, Phebe Barber, bore him ten children: 
 Sally and Edward, died young; Samuel, a cooper 
 by trade, died at sea of yellow fever, on his way to the 
 West Indies ; Polly, wife of Robert Osborne, resided 
 at Circleville ; Phebe, wife of Samuel Wisner, of 
 the same place ; Katy, wife of John Winfield, 
 died in Wisconsin ; Betsey, wife of Peter Rede- 
 ner, died at Cold Spring, N. Y. ; Richard, never 
 married ; Jonathan, died Feb. 9, 1872, aged eighty- 
 nine ; Sally, was the wife of John Douglass, and after 
 his death married a Mr. Buck, of Western New 
 York, whose sou, Charles W. Douglass, is a promi- 
 nent superintendent of railroads. 
 
 Of these children, Jonathan, father of our subject, 
 married, in 1806, Hannah, daughter of John Puff, of 
 Wallkill, who died March 1, 1866, aged seventy-two. 
 He was a cooper by trade, and followed that business 
 most of his active life. He resided at Circleville after 
 his marriage until 1831 ; in Goshen for two years fol- 
 lowing ; near the asylum for one year; in Shaw- 
 angunk, Ulster Co., for twelve years ; and returned 
 to Circleville, where he died. Both himself and wife 
 were first members of the Scotchtown Presbyterian 
 Church, but afterwards became members of the 
 
^rCj a ^t..ju^ 
 
/4^^>^ 
 
 ^r*^^-fi^^ 
 
 His ])aternal grandfather came from France, 
 and John I., who was born in Orange County, 
 was liis son. By oceuj)ation he was a farmer, 
 and as such was a successful business man and 
 a good manager. He lived in the town of Wall- 
 kill for many years, but subsequently moved to 
 Goshen, where he died in 1861. 
 
 Virgil Thompson, the subject of this sketch, 
 was the son of John, and was born in Mont- 
 gomery, Orange Co., N. Y., Oct. 5, 1 800. There 
 his early days were sj^ent, and the Montgomery 
 Academy gave him his education. When a 
 young man he learned the blacksmith's trade of 
 Charles Buchanan, of Montgomery, and subse- 
 quently carried on a blacksmith's business there 
 for ten years. In 1839 he settled in the town 
 of Wallkill, upon about three hundred acres 
 of land, the place where his father had pre- 
 viously resided. Here Mr. Thompson has since 
 lived, and until within a few years has been 
 an active, energetic, industrious man. Of late 
 his poor health has made him lead a retired 
 life. He has been a member of the Orange 
 County Agricultural Society for many years, 
 was a director in its board, and is now an hon- 
 
 orary vice-president. He is a stockholder in 
 the Goshen National Bank, in the Middletown 
 National Bank, and also in the Walden National 
 Bank. His judgment has always been esteemed 
 in matters of business and agriculture, and he 
 is fearless and outspoken in his convictions. 
 He has never been active in political matters, 
 although he was a delegate from Orange County 
 to the Republican State Convention held at 
 Utica, N. Y., in 1864. For many years he has 
 been a member of the Presbyterian Ciiurch at 
 Goshen, and contributed towards the building 
 of the .same. 
 
 Mr. Thompson married Mary Ann, daughter 
 of Jonathan and Susanna (Yoimgblood) Decker, 
 of Montgomery, on Jan. 11, 1837, and of 
 this union were born Virgil, who lives at 
 home; Anna, married Hudson E. Hulse, of 
 Wawayanda; Mary, died in infancy; Horace 
 D., who married Sarah M., daughter of Dr. G. 
 M. Millsi)aiigh, of Walden, and is a fixrmer on 
 the homestead. Mary \n\\ Thompson died on 
 April 10, 1850. On Jan. 18, 1855, he married 
 Ophelia, daughter of Peter A. Millsi)augh, of 
 Montgomcrv. 
 
t-'^>^^^^^ it^.^ToeA^^ 
 
 JosEni WicKiiAfli is siippu.-iL'il to luivo liecu llie progi'iiitor of tlie 
 liiniily on Lung Island, iind liisiwcuutit-Iniok sliow.s that Iiodifl Imsiiiops 
 at S:ig Ilaibor in 1G81, ami remained uii tlio island until l(iS9. Ili^ wife 
 was Sarali. He had a eon, JoBcph Wrckham, Jr., wbo siiccfc-ded hijii, 
 and was engaged there in businrss in 1720. 
 
 The will of Joseph AVickham, Jr., dated in 1734, names a son Samncl, 
 who was great-grandfather of onr subject, married, in 173S, Abigail 
 Ilbwell, and settled in the east division of the town of Goshen, Orange 
 Co., in 1740. lie was a tnilor by trade, and his account-book shows 
 charges for medical services in attending the sick. 
 
 His children were Samuel, Israel, William, IMatthew, Jerusha (wlio 
 married a Wells), Elizabeth (married a Jackson), Abigail (married a 
 Smith), Margaret (nnirried a Bailey), Mary (married a Corwin), and 
 Julia (married first a Moore, and after his death a Gale). 
 
 Samuel Wickbam was followed from Long Island by bis nephews, 
 who also settled in Orange County, and o'no of them, William, became 
 judge of the county, and was the father of Gen. George D. Wickbam. 
 Trior to the Revolutionary war, Samuel Wickbam, witli David Moore, 
 purchased lot No. :3ri, in the Mini^ink Angle, upon which be settled two 
 sons and one daughter, viz. : Samuel, where Mrs. Linus B. Babcock now 
 resides in Middletown ; Israel, where John W.Baird now resides in Blid- 
 dletown ; and Jerusha (Mre. Wells), where John Gardiner now resides. 
 
 Israel, born in 1741, was a tailor by trade, married Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Joseph Carpenter, of (iosben, and granddaughter of Rev. John 
 Bradner, the first settled Presbyterian eleigynian at Gosbcn, who came 
 from Scotland. The deed of the land upon which hia father settled him, 
 given by his father to him, is dated 1709. He did militia duty at home 
 during the Kevolutitmary war, and served for some time in the French- 
 and-Itulian war at Furt Edward. lie was known as a man of independent 
 thought and action, anil possessed strong force of character. He owned 
 slaves, and thought it his duty to liberate the girls at the age of eighteen 
 and the boys at the age of twenty-one, giving each with his or her free- 
 dom the same as an apprenticed child. When he manumitted bis slave 
 Abel, who was so favorably known on account of his Christian zeal, lie 
 kept him as long as he lived, thus showing that his charity and generosity 
 were only measured by bis means to bestow. He died in April, 1817. 
 
 His only daughter, Abigail, died uuTuari'ied, and his only son who 
 grew to manhood was Israel, father of our subject, who was born in 
 1773, and being left niotlierUss was reared until (hirteen years of age 
 by his grandfather Caii)enter. He married J^lary, daughter of David 
 Moore, who bore him children sis follows: Benjamin <;., settled in tiic 
 West and there died; Col. Israel H. ; Joseph and George, died young; 
 and Abigail, became firet the wife of Oscar Welch, of Michigan, and 
 after his death the wife of Mr. Kilpatrick. 
 
 After his marringe Isniel WicUbani selllrd .n ^^\\v hiindri-d ami 
 tMcnty-five acres of land in the town of Wiillkill, about two miles fnmi 
 Middletown.and after five years sold the prnp.-rly and bought a farm nt 
 Middlelown, a part of which is now the "Hillside Cemetery," uium 
 which lie resided until 1813. 
 
 In 1S17, upon the death of bis father, he removed to the homestead, 
 where John W. Baird now resides, and there resided until his death, in 
 Manh. 1821. His son, Col. Israel H. Wickbam, w.is horn May 2.i, lSfJ4; 
 married, March 4, 182S, Sally, daughter of Henry B. Wisner, who was 
 born April 2, 1S03. 
 
 After his marriage ho resided until 1834 upon the farm now owned 
 by David Miller, and then purchased of his sister Abigail forty acres, 
 which was a part of the original purchase of Samuel Wickbam. To 
 this he added some sixty acres. Hero he remained until 18G3, when he 
 left the farm in charge of his son and removed to Middletowu. He was 
 appointed justice of the peace after removing to the village; was after- 
 wards elected to the .same ofificp, which he held at the time of bis death, 
 March 12, 1868. His wife died August 20th of the same year, both 
 deaths being caused by poison received in the flour from which their 
 bread was niade. 
 
 Col. Wickham was a man of conservative opinions, correct habits, and 
 a decided advocate of the principles of temperance. He was esteemed 
 for his frankness of manner and for hi.s sterling integrity in all the 
 relations of life. He took an active interest in all worlhy local enter- 
 prises tending to the prosperity of the place and the welfare of ita 
 citizens. He had a retentive memory and a fondness for reading and 
 research, and was an active participant in \\\v lyceum which was suc- 
 cessfully continued at Middletowu for some time, of which he servfd 
 several years as president. He was one of the organizers of the Middle- 
 town Bank, one of its directors, and one of the founders of the Wallkiil 
 Academy, of which be served several years as trustee. 
 
 Col. Wickham was widely known throughout Orange County, was in- 
 terested in its material resources, and wjis chosen president of the 
 Orange County Agricultural Society. 
 
 On account of his strong temperance proclivities and able exposition 
 of its principles ho was made the nominee on the Temperance ticket for 
 memberof Assembly, and received a very ruspectahlo vote in the county. 
 He received his title of colonel from his connection with the old State 
 militia. 
 
 His children living are Marin, who became the wife of John N. Dun- 
 ning, ami after his death was married to her present hush md, Herman 
 B.Young; and George, who succeetled to the homest<^ad i)roperty and 
 married Mary A., daughter of Col. Morgan L. and Juliette (Conkling) 
 Sproat, of Middletowu. 
 
WALLKLLL. 
 
 503 
 
 Method 
 Samuel, 
 a coope: 
 wife of 
 wife of 
 cooper, 
 
 ist Episcopal Church. Their children were 
 , a mechanic, resided in Wallkill ; John P., 
 r, resided in Brooklyn, N. Y; Fanny Jane, 
 James Wooden, died in 1843 ; Hannah P., 
 George A. Foster, of Circleville ; James B., a 
 resides near Towanda, Pa. ; Hiram S., born 
 
 and both himself and wiCe arc members of the Old- 
 School Baptist Church at Middletown. He married, 
 Oct. 24. 1840, Clarissa, daughter of Ebcnezer Mowrey 
 and Chloe Merchant, who was born Jan. 30, 181(5. 
 Her mother was a native of Connecticut, and her 
 maternal grandfather, John Merchant, was one of 
 Washington's Life Guard ; her maternal grand- 
 mother was Tabitha Hamilton, a cousin of Alexander 
 Hamilton ; her father, Ebenezer Mowrey, was a na- 
 tive of Rhode Island, and re-sided most of his life in 
 Sullivan County. 
 
 The surviving children of Mr. and Mrs. Wilkison 
 are Sarah E., a teacher of several years' experience, 
 who possesses a natural fondness for historical re- 
 search, and Cornelia A. Wilkison. 
 
 April 27, ISlti; Washington, a carpenter, at Xew- 
 burgh ; Jlatthew M., died in Tennessee, was a mason 
 by trade; Zaccheus, was swallowed by a whale at sea 
 in 1844; Margaret M., widow of John S. Mance, of 
 Middletown ; Phebe, wife of William Maultby, of 
 Pennsylvania; and Walter W., of Bridgeport, Conn. 
 Of these twelve children, all were married except 
 Zaccheus, and most of them reared families. 
 
 Hiram S. Wilkison, while young, served an ap- 
 prenticeship to the mason's trade; afterwards, being 
 of a naturally ingenious turn of mind, took up the 
 carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1856, and 
 built many of the substantial residences and other 
 buildings in the vicinity of Circleville, where he has re- 
 sided. During the last twenty years he has been en- 
 gaged in manufacturing churning-powers. well-curbs, 
 iron post-fences, etc. He made the first eudless-chain 
 churningrpower in Orange County, and introduced the 
 first in the State of Virginia. Mr. Wilkison was un- 
 fortunate, and lost his shop by fire in 1846, two years 
 after he had settled where he now resides; and again, 
 in 1870, his house, shop, and other buildings, cov- 
 ering an area of 3870 feet, were destroyed by fire. He 
 has always been a promoter of all worthy local objects, 
 
 HIRAM B. WEBB. 
 His father, Samuel Webb, a farmer in the town 
 of Wallkill, married Mary Bennett, who bore him the 
 following children : Hiram B., Cynthia (wife of Cor- 
 nelius Van Scoy), Esther (wife of William Shaw), 
 Abby Maria (wife of Solomon Crane), and Hannah 
 Jane (wife of Bailey Crane). They were attendants 
 of the Congregational Church in Middletown. Jehial, 
 
 his eldest son, was a farmer in Wallkill, and died in 
 I'^llenville, Ulster Co.. N. Y. ; had two sons and two 
 daughters, one of whom, William B., was sheriff of 
 Ulster County. The other children are Harriet (wife 
 of Edwin Bartholf, of Warwick), Ira, and Mary (wife 
 of Harvey Brodhead, of EUenville). 
 
 Hiram B. Webb was born Dec. 31, 1799, and until 
 
504 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 1SG6, after liis marriage, was a farmer on the Bloom- 
 ingburgh iilank-road, about one mile out of Middle- 
 town, at which date he removed to Middletown, where 
 he resided until his death, which occurred Dec. 10, 
 1869. He was well known as a man of sterling integ- 
 rity and honesty of purpose, and although not a mem- 
 ber of any church, his sentiments were with the Old- 
 School Baptists, of which society at Middletown his 
 wife became a member in 1872. In his middle life 
 he was active in local politics, but never sought any 
 place for himself. 
 
 His wife, Hephzibah, born Oct. .5, 1803, married 
 Jan. 23, 1838, survives in 1881, and is a woman of 
 good' mind, retentive memory, and esteemed by all 
 who know her for her womanly virtues and Christian 
 excellence. Her father, Jonas Hulse, born Nov. 29, 
 1759, died March 23, 1845. In the early part of his 
 life he worked at his trade, making spinning-wheels, 
 but during his latter years was a farmer near Middle- 
 town. He was a son of Silas Hulse, born on Long 
 Island, March 5, 1726, and was the progenitor of the 
 family in Orange County. He was in the French 
 and Indian war of 1755, and died June 18, 1770. 
 His wife was Charity Smith, born May 9, 1734, and 
 died Oct. 30, 1814. Jonas Hulse's wife was Hephzi- 
 bah, daughter of Deacon James Reeve, who settled in 
 Wawayanda from Long Island, and was one of the 
 founders of the Congregational Church at IMiddle- 
 town; and Deacon James Reeve's wife was Mary, 
 daughter of David Moore, born Nov. 25, 1713, who 
 was the first settler on lot 35, Minisink Angle, with 
 Samuel and Israel Wickham, where Middletown is 
 now located, and died June 18, 1789. 
 
 The children of .Jonas and Hephzibah Hulse 
 were Mary (wife of David Murray), J.nnes E., 
 Martha (wife of John Anderson), Effa, Jonas, Isaiah, 
 Silas, Hephzibah, Israel, Ambrose, Lewis, and Wil- 
 liam. 
 
 ULYSSES F. P. BLIVEN. 
 
 LTlysses F. P. Bliven was born in De Ruyter, Mad- 
 ison Co., N. Y., Oct. 7, 1817. His father, Isaac B. 
 Bliven, and two brothers came from England while 
 young men. Isaac B., after his marriage, settled in 
 Rhode Island ; afterwards purchased a farm in De 
 Ruyter, where he resided for a time. He then settled 
 in Scott, Cortland Co., N. Y. ; subsequently removed 
 to Spafford, Onondaga Co., N. Y., where, after re- 
 maining a few years, he retired from business life and 
 settled in Auburn, N. Y. 
 
 Accustomed to active life, he soon became restless 
 under too much leisure, traded his property there for 
 a farm in the town of Litchfield, Bradford Co., Pa., 
 where he resided until his death, at the age of sev- 
 enty-four years. His wife, Lavina Snow, died at the 
 age of sixty-four years. Her great-grandfather Snow 
 came from France, and settled in Connecticut, where 
 she was born. 
 
 Their children are Daniel S., resides on the home- 
 
 stead in Litchfield, Pa. ; Cranston V. S., of Nichols, 
 N. Y. ; Eliza, wife of Jedediah Smith, of Skaneateles, 
 N. Y. ; Emily Dumont, wife of Elijah Miller, of Au- 
 burn, N. Y. ; Elijah F., of Steuben Co., N. Y. ; 
 Ulysses F. Plummer, subject of this sketch ; Cordelia 
 L., deceased, was the wife of Lorenzo Sweet, of Skan- 
 eateles, N. Y. 
 
 ^. ^ ra^u 
 
 Ulysses F. P. Bliven remained at home until the 
 age of sixteen, and then went to learn carriage-mak- 
 ing with his brother Cranston. He married, Dec. 13, 
 1838, Clementina, daughter of James Haight (her 
 mother was a Miss Goldsmith), who died July 20, 
 1860, aged forty-eight, leaving children, — Amelia 
 Louisa, widow of Harvey L. Angell, of New York ; 
 Joseph Alanson, of Wallkill. 
 
 He married for his second wife, Oct. 3, 1861, Caro- 
 line, widow of Harrison Harding, and <laughter of 
 Nathaniel Beyea and Durenda King, jirominent citi- 
 zens of New Vernon, Sullivan Co., N. Y. Nathaniel 
 Beyea was influential in his town and county, and an 
 ardent supporter of the Union cause to suppress the 
 slave-holders' rebellion. Caroline Beyea was born 
 July 13, 1827, and died June 26, 1880, leaving chil- 
 dren, — Clementina I., Thomas K., 3Iinnie C, and 
 Ulysses F. P., Jr. 
 
 After his first marriage Mr. Bliven went to Towanda 
 to assist his brother Elijah F. in carriage-making, 
 where he remained until 1842, and that year^settled 
 at Mechanictown, Orange Co., where he remained 
 only one year, when he bought a shop, house and lot, 
 where he now resides, in the town of Wallkill, and 
 established a carriage and blacksmith-shop. Here he 
 
Harrison Bull is a descendant in direct line from 
 William Bull and Sarah Wells, whose history is given 
 in detail in other parts of this work, and belongs to the 
 Wallkill branch of the family, Thomas and William, 
 sons of William Bull and Sarah Wells, whom their 
 father settled on live hundred acres of land lying on the 
 Wallkill Uiver. 
 
 Samuel, grandfather of Harrison Bull, born Nov. 12, 
 1758, resided in the neiglihorhood of Circleville, was a 
 blacksmith by trade, but was mostly engaged in farm- 
 ing. He served in the Revolutionary war, and helped 
 to forge the chain that was stretched across the Hudson 
 to prevent the British from ascending the river. His 
 wife, Margaret Gale, born March 28, 1762, bore him 
 children, who grew to manhood and womanhood, as 
 follows: Benjamin, Sarah, Margaret, William, Sam- 
 uel, Phebe, George, and Oscar. Both himself and wife 
 were buried in the Bull burying-ground at Hampton- 
 burgh. 
 
 Like their first ancestor in this country, the boys were 
 all stone-masons by trade, and followed it more or less 
 during their lives. 
 
 Samuel, Jr., was born Nov. 28, 1793, and died April 
 13, 1857. His wife, Mary Osborne, was born in 1705, 
 and died May 4, 1875. He was a drummer in the war 
 of 1812. He was a man of much enterprise and a master 
 mason. Most of his active life was spent in the con- 
 struction of buildings and other structures, among which 
 were the following: Stony Ford bridge, across the Wall- 
 kill ; Cochecton bridge, across the Neversink ; Orange 
 County poor-house, Hopewell Presbyterian church, Sul- 
 livan County court-house, and Phillipsburgh factories. 
 He also contracted for and built the Middletown and 
 Bloomingburgh Plank-road, and the plank-road from 
 Port Jervis to Forestburgh. 
 
 He owned a farm of one hundred and twenty-five 
 
 acres where Circleville is now located, besides other real 
 estate, and on it built a stone house in 1832, now occu- 
 pied by his oldest son, John Bull. He gave the land 
 upon which to build the Presbyterian church at Circle- 
 ville, was the leading man in its construction, and a 
 member and elder in the church from its founding until 
 his death. 
 
 His children were John, a merchant at Circleville ; 
 William H., a farmer at Circleville; Mary, wife of 
 Charles H. Stringham, of City Island, N. Y. ; Daniel, 
 a merchant at Burlingham, Sullivan Co., N. Y. ; Rob- 
 ert, a farmer and stone-mason at Circleville ; Harrison ; 
 Catharine, deceased, was the wife of James H. Van 
 Fleet, of Jersey City; Elizabeth, wife of George M. 
 Beakes, M.D., of Bloomingburgh, N. Y. 
 
 Harrison, son of Samuel and Mary (Osborne) Bull, 
 was born on the homestead at Circleville, Jan. 20, 1832. 
 His early education was received in the school at home 
 and at Wallkill Academy, and for four years after reach- 
 ing his majority he assisted his father on the public 
 works on which he was engaged. In 1856 he bought 
 out his brother Daniel, a merchant at Circleville, and 
 successfully continued the mercantile business there until 
 1874. He was appointed postmaster at Circleville in 
 1850, and has filled the position since. In 1870, Mr. Bull 
 was elected justice of the peace, and by re-election is 
 serving his third term of four years each. In tliis posi- 
 tion ho tries as few causes as possible, always advising 
 settlement, and generally brings it about without litiga- 
 tion. Mr. Bull was active in the establishment and 
 construction of the Middletown and Crawford Railroad, 
 has been a director since 1874, and agent for the road at 
 Circleville since its building, in 1872. 
 
 He married, Jan. 5, 1858, Nancy, daughter of Bart- 
 lett D. Bennett and Sarah C. Sample, of New York. 
 Their children are Georgianna and Irene C. 
 
a I. If ail 
 
 The Vail family has been identilicil with the liistory of 
 Orange County from its early settlement, when three Jirothers, 
 Josiah, Samuel, and Benjamin Vail, settled here from Long 
 Island. 
 
 Josiah is the ancestor of Archibald L. Vail, and married 
 Patience Corwin, who bore him five children, — Isaiah, Daniel, 
 John, Phebe, and Irene. 
 
 Isaiah married Abigail Meeker, who bore him eleven chil- 
 dren, — Obadiah, Mary, Josiah, Phebe, Irene, Nathaniel, Isaiah, 
 Aliigail, John, Samuel, and George W. 
 
 Of these children, Josiah was grandfather of our subject, and 
 married Mary Smith, who bore him the following children r 
 Moses ; Luther, spent his early life here, and removed to Seneca 
 County, where he died ; Samuel S., is now residing at Southhold. 
 L. I., and has reached the great age of ninety years; and 
 Maria, was the wife of Dr. James M. Gardiner, a physician of 
 Newburgh. 
 
 Moses was father of Archibald L. Vail, and married Miriam 
 Hulse, who was born in 17S4, and died Sept. 30, 1872. lie was 
 born in 1783, and died Sept. 6, 1861. Their children were 
 Gabriel, who followed boating on the Hudson most of his life, 
 and died leaving no family; Silas, a farmer in Wallkill ; Ar- 
 minda, deceased ; Josiah, deceased ; Dayton, studied for a phy- 
 sician, and died soon after graduating; Luther, i-esided on the 
 homestead until his death ; Maria, wife of Asa D. Dolson, of 
 Muscatine, Iowa; Margaret M., resides on the homestead; and 
 Archibald L. Vail. 
 
 Moses Vail was during the early part of his life a merchant 
 at Slate Hill, but a few years after his marriage purchased one 
 hundred and three acres of land in the town of Wallkill, about 
 two miles from the village of Middletown, upon which he re- 
 sided until his death. He was a quiet, unostentatious man, and 
 contentedly followed agricultural pursuits, seeking neither of- 
 ficial jilace nor its emoluments. His wife was a member of the 
 Old-School Baptist Church, and did her part well as a wife and 
 
 mother in rearing her children and training them in ail Ihat 
 pertains to true manhood and womanhood. 
 
 Archibald L. Vail was born on the homestead in Wallkill, 
 April 22, 1829. At the ago of seventeen he became a clerk in 
 the forwarding, freighting, and grocery store of H. & B. G. 
 Vail, of Middletown, and after one year went to New York, 
 where he remained for three years in a grocery house as clerk. 
 In 1850 he returned to Middletown, and for some two and a 
 half years was clerk for Samuel Denton, a dry-goods merchant. 
 In 1853 he formed a partnership with James T. King, of Mid- 
 dletown, in the drug business, under the firm-name of King & 
 Vail, which business relation continued for nine years. He 
 then entered a partnership with Thomas B. Scott — Scott A Vail 
 — in the hardware business. After two years Mr. Vail purchased 
 Mr. Scott's interest in the business, and associated with him 
 Leander Brink, with the firm-name of Vail k Brink. This firm 
 continued the hardware, tin, and stove business until 1879, 
 when they associated with them James A. Clark, who had been 
 a clerk in the concern since 1864, and the lirm of Vail, Brink 
 k Clark continue a successful business on North Street in 1881. 
 
 In 1876, Mr. Vail purchased the Orange County Furnace and 
 Machine-Shops, which he has since carried on independently 
 of his other business interests. Mr. Vail has been associated 
 with many other business interests in Middletown during his 
 residence here, and has been a promoter of all enterprises tend- 
 ing to the prosperity and thrift of the village. 
 
 For some twenty years he has been a director of the Jliddlc- 
 town Bank ; one of the vice-presidents of the savings-bank, 
 and a trustee since its organization ; a trustee of the village for 
 two terms; and a trustee of the Second Presbyterian Church 
 for the past twenty years. 
 
 He married, Oct. 20, 1853, Ruth Ann, daughter of Walter 
 Everett and Phebe Case, of Middletown, who was born April 10, 
 1832, and died Oct. 17, 1878. The children born of this union 
 are Phebe Ann, Archiena, Mosos, and James Coleman. 
 
I 
 
 ^1 
 
 I 
 
 ; 
 
^0 , 0. cLiA^c(jt/\^y\^JU^, 
 
 His father, Honry Lindcrnian, of German extraction, 
 burn in tlie town of Crawford in May, 17G4, settled in 
 1790 on one hundred acres of land in the town of Wall- 
 l<ill, near the Crawford line, then in a wild state, and 
 there resided in a log house until 1807, when he erected 
 a framed house, which was burned in 1840, and the 
 present one built by his son, Henry S., subject of this 
 sketch. To his first purchase he added one hundred 
 acres, and brought his land into a good state of culti- 
 vation. 
 
 Henry Linderman was a man of naturally tine intel- 
 lect ; was justice of the peace for forty years, and during 
 that time never had a judgment rendered by him re- 
 versed in the higher courts. He always counseled settle- 
 ment between parties in litigation instead of trial and the 
 course of the law. He was a member and deacon of the 
 Hopewell Presbyterian Church, and a supporter of kin- 
 dred interests. He removed to Bloomingburgh in 1842, 
 and died there Jan. 15, 1844. His wife, Mary Shaw, 
 daughter of Moses Shaw, of Crawford, born in 1766 and 
 died in 1831, bore him children, — David, a farmer in 
 Wallkill ; John, a physician at Dingman's Ferry, Pa., 
 had a son, Dr. Henry Iliehard, a prominent physician, 
 who was director of the Philadelphia Mint, resigned just 
 after the beginning of the late civil war, was reap- 
 pointed, had charge of all the mints in the United 
 Stales, and died in March, 1870; another son. Garret 
 B., — a sonin-law of Asa Packer, — is an extensive coal 
 owner and railroad man ; Albert B., another son, is the 
 originator of the scheme to drain the Everglades of 
 Florida, now being undertaken by Philadelphia capi- 
 talists; Peter went to Michigan, where he died; Willet, 
 
 a lawyer in Shawangunk, Ulster Co., was district at- 
 torney of that county for thirteen years; Elizabeth, 
 wife of Kobert Thompson, of New York ; Henry S., 
 subject of this sketch; James 0., a lawyer, settled in 
 Kingston, N. Y., and was judge of Ulster County from 
 1843 to 1855 ; Dolly ; Emily, wife of Thomas J. Evans, 
 of New York ; and Sarah Jane. Henry Lindcrman's 
 second wife was a widow of Col. Clark, of Sullivan 
 County, N. Y. 
 
 Henry S. Linderman was born on the homestead 
 where he has spent his life, May 28, 1807. He married, 
 Dec. 25, 1830, Mary Ann, dauglitor of James Martin 
 and Catharine Linderman, of Crawford, who was born in 
 1810. Their children are James, who carries on the homo 
 farm, and for the past seven years has been engaged in 
 the sale of agricultural implements, and is also an auc- 
 tioneer; Virginia, wife of Benjamin F. .Van Fleet, of 
 Wallkill ; Emma, wife of C. Albert Knapp, of Goshen ; 
 Crotilda, wife of George E. Bull, of Bullville. 
 
 Henry S. Linderman received a good English educa- 
 tion while young, and after reaching his eighteenth 
 year was for four years thereafter a teacher, the last 
 year being spent as principal of the Bloomingburgh 
 school. He then settled on the homestead, and has there 
 carried on agricultural pursuits since. For eight years 
 he has served his town as assessor ; was formerly a mem- 
 ber of the Presbyterian Church at Bullville, and is now 
 a member of tlie church at Circleville, of which he has 
 been elder for the past live years. 
 
 Mr. Linderman is a man of positive convictions, good 
 judgment, strict integrity, and correct habits, and seeks 
 to fulfill the full duties of the citizen. 
 
The Wileux family are of English extraction. It is iliHieuU 
 to clctoi-minc the pcrioj of their emigration to America, though 
 a branch of the family early scttlei-1 in Duchess County, N. Y., 
 where Nathaniel, the grent-granJfathcr of Horatio R., was 
 born, his ileath having oecurrcd in Canaan, Columbia Co., N. Y., 
 at the residence of his eon John. Among his children were 
 Jchiel, Jesse, Nathaniel, Aaron, John, and two daughters, — 
 Polly and Lois. Of this number, Nathaniel was born in the 
 town of Dover Plains, N. Y., where his early life was spent in 
 agricultural pursuits. He was united in marriage to Miss Anna 
 Mctionigle, of Scotch parentage, and a native of Hinsdale, Co- 
 lumbia Co. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Wilcox removed 
 to Lexington, Greene Co., N. Y., where the following children 
 were born : Henry, Oliver, Joseph, Jchiel, John, Thom.is, Mar- 
 garet, Anna, and Sarah. The year 1S3G witnessed the death 
 of both Mr. Wilcox and his wife, with an interval of but a few 
 weeks between the events. Oliver, one of the sons above men- 
 tioned, was born in Lexington, May S, 1705, where his youth, 
 until the age of sixteen, *was passed. Being desirous to render 
 himself independent of any changes which an uncertain fortune 
 might develo]), he decided upon the acquirement of a reliable 
 trade, and having removed to Austerlitz, Columbia Co., he 
 learned that of a hatter. His marriage to Miss Cyntliia Beebc, 
 daughter of Roswell Ijeebe, occurred March IS, 1S18. The 
 Bcebe family were originally from Connecticut, and at an early 
 date became residents of Chatham, N. Y., where Roderick, the 
 grandfather of Mrs. Wilcox, was born, and subsequently mar- 
 ried to Miss Nancy Vaughn. Among their children were Ros- 
 well, Frederick, Henry, John, Roderick, Alexander, Pamelia, 
 Triphena, Chloe, and Sylvesta. Roswell was born in 1777, at 
 Chatham, where he resided until his death, March 31, 1841. 
 He was united in marriage to Miss Annie Gott, whose death 
 occurred Sept. 4, 1830, in her tifty-ninth year. To them were 
 born children, — Cynthia (Mrs. Wilcox), Philo, Anson, Welcome 
 R., and Lucrctia. The children of Oliver and Cynthia Wilcox 
 were Horatio R. and Franklin A., the latter of whom was born 
 June .TO, 1837, in Windham, Greene Co., N. Y., and married 
 Miss Anna, daughter of Enoch Armitago, of New York City, 
 their present residence. 
 
 The birth of Horatio R. occurred at Chatham, N. Y., Sept. 
 
 2j, 131'J, though the early years of his life were spent at Pitts- 
 field, Mass. The ]iublic and private schools near his home 
 afforded him opportunities for education, and laid the foun- 
 dation for more thorough acquirements at the Wilbrahain 
 Academy, Wilbraham, Mass. Having determined upon a 
 career of business activity, he then removed to New Y'ork, 
 and served a brief apprenticeship as clerk. A more extended 
 field of labor opened at .Ashland, Greene Co., soon after, where 
 lie engaged with his father in mercantile and manufacturing 
 enterprises. Mr. Wileox was married, Aug. 20, 1845, to Miss 
 Sarah M., daughter of Hon. Henry Kinsley, exniember of 
 the State Legislature from Ashland, N. Y. Thoy have one 
 son, Henry K., who is married to Frances, daughter of Hon, 
 George D. Wheeler, of Deposit, N. Y., and who ha* served 
 for twelve years as deputy collector of the Eleventh District, 
 New Y'ork. Their daughter, Olivia, is the wife of John W. 
 Slawson, one of the editors and proprietors of the Miihlhttnni 
 Diiily Press. 
 
 During the year 1853, Mr. Wilcox made Middlctown his 
 residence, where he at once established a factory for the manu- 
 facture of hats. After an interval of rest ho became largely 
 interested in the Middlctown Gas-Light Company, of which ho 
 is president. He is a director of the Middlctown National 
 B.ank, and vice-president .and one of the incorporators of the 
 Middlctown Saviugs-Bank. He was one of the originators of 
 the Middlctown board of water-works, of which ho is now 
 commissioner. He is akso a director of the Middlctown, Union- 
 ville and Water-Gap Railroad, and of the Middlctown and 
 Crawford Railroad. 
 
 Mr. Wilcox is a Republican in polities, but indilferent to the 
 honors of olBcial life, and has no political aspirations. He has, 
 however, for .several years held the position of president of 
 Middlctown village, and also been a member of the board of 
 education. His religious views are in sympathy witli the 
 creed of the Presbyterian denomination. In the development 
 of the public and business interests of the place of his resi- 
 dence he has been an important factor. Its mercantile enter- 
 prises have found in him an energetic and able representative, 
 wliile all worthy schemes for the public good have been cor- 
 dially advanced by him. 
 
1 ?! 
 
 ' ! 
 
 1 1. 
 
 i 
 
AViLLiAM Wallack, of Scotch-Irish extraction, came from the 
 north of IrclanJ, with his wife, four sons, and two dnughters, 
 about the close of the Revolutionary war, and settled in Mary- 
 land, where his wife died. The children were John, who settled 
 in Goshen, where he was a teacher for some time, afterwards a 
 niercban*, and for one term was county treasurer. lie died 
 there. AVilliam, born in 1777, went to Crawford, Orange Co., 
 while a young man, where he married, about 1806, Kezia Mac- 
 Dowelt, of Scotch extraction. About 1S09 he purchased ninety 
 acres of land near Seotchtown, in the town of Wallkill, where 
 he spent his active business life. He resided for a few years 
 in Middletown, and died in 1S62 at the residence of his son 
 George, subject of this sketch. William Wallace was a strictly 
 honorable and upright citizen, quiet and unassuming, and a 
 deacon in the Presbyterian Church at Seotchtown, of which 
 his wife was also a member. She died in 1S42, aged tifty-two. 
 James, settled in Milford, Pa., where he was a large farmer, 
 and there died. Robert, was a lumber merchant in Philadel- 
 phia, and there died. Jane, was the wife of Robert Lougheed, 
 of Wallkill. Mary, was the wife of Robert A. Thompson, of 
 Ilopewcll. 
 
 The children of William and Kezia AVallace were fifteen, 
 viz. : John C, was a merchant at Goshen, was county clerk, 1S43 
 to 1846, and from 1876 to 1879; William, was a carriage-maker 
 by trade, was a merchant at BuUville for some time, and died in 
 1863, at Middletown ; Mary W., is the widow of Thcron Libolt, 
 and resides at Seotchtown ; Rebecca, is the widow of Walter B. 
 Sears, of Montgomery ; Robert, was engaged in mercantile busi- 
 ness at Goshen from boyhood, and there died about 184II; 
 Andrew T., a farmer in Crawford ; Harvey, a merchant at 
 Goshen; Martha Jane (deceased), was the wife of John E. 
 Corwin, of Seotchtown; George; Alfred, died at the age of 
 thirteen; Matilda; Theodore, died at the age of eighteen, in 
 1S46 ; and Elizabeth, James { ls( ), and James (2d), died young. 
 
 Of these children, George AVallace, our subject, was born July 
 17, 1S2.3, and spent his boyhood at home. At the age of four- 
 teen he went to lenrn the wagon-making trade with his brother- 
 in-law, Walter B. Sears, in Montgomery, where he remained 
 most of three years. He then returned homo, where he re- 
 mained until his marriage. 
 
 He married, Nov. 11, 1846, Susan C, daughter of Oliver 
 Bailey and Susan Millspaugh, of Goshen, who were formerly 
 residents near Seotchtown. Oliver Bailey died Dec. 20, 1867, 
 aged seventy-eight. His wife died July 5, 187.3, aged eighty. 
 Both were members of the Presbyterian Church at Scotch- 
 town. Oliver Bailey was a son of Capt. Daniel Bailey, horn 
 on Long Island, who was the progenitor of his family in Orange 
 County, and settled near Phillipsburgh, in the town of Wull- 
 kill. 
 
 Susan C. Bailey was born July 29, 1825. Their children 
 were Georgianna, died at the age of six years, March 21, ISo;') ; 
 Susan Alice, is the wife of John W. Clark, of Goshen; Theo- 
 dore; and Carrie H. 
 
 In the spring of 1848, Mr. Wallace settled on his present 
 farm of one hundred and forty acres, known as the Baldwin 
 homestead, once owned by Rev. Mr. Baldwin, the first settled 
 pastor of the Seotchtown Presbyterian Church. Here he has 
 resided since, engaged in stock-raising and dealing in cattle 
 and sheep. In 1873 he began the manufacture of brick in 
 Midclletown, and has furnished brick for many of the substan- 
 tial buildings of the village, and in 1880 he furnished one and 
 a half million:? of brick for a portion of the asylum building 
 in Middletown. 
 
 Mr. Wallace has been a stockholder in the banks at Middle- 
 town for some time, and owns considerable real estate in the 
 village. Both himself and wife have been members of the 
 Presbyterian Church at Seotchtown since 1855, and he has 
 served tlic church a?^ elder for several years. 
 
 J 
 
MOUNT HOPE. 
 
 505 
 
 was engaged until 1861 in manufacturing all kinds 
 of wagons for ordinary use. 
 
 For seven years following, in connection with 
 Thomas K. Beyea, he engaged quite largely in pur- 
 chasing timbered lands, taking off its timber for 
 wood, railroad ties, etc., and afterwards disposing of 
 the land. 
 
 About 1868 he began to deal in cattle, and for ten 
 years purchased stock in the midland counties of the 
 State, and disposed of them mostly at a home market 
 
 Mr. Bliven began life with little of this world's 
 goods, but with willing hands, resolution, and honest ' 
 
 pur,,oses he has gradually, by economy, secured a 
 fair competency, adding to his first purchase a 25- 
 acre lot across the road from his residence, and also 
 some 75 acres of land near by. He has taken an ac- 
 tive part in the Presbyterian Church at Scotchtown 
 as a member, and many years ago he was influential 
 and active in the suppression of the sale of intoxi- 
 cating liquors in the locality. 
 
 Frank and unostentatious in his ways, Mr. Bliven 
 has the confidence of his fellow-citizens, and is ever 
 ready to do, commensurate with his means for every 
 'worthy local work. 
 
 MOUNT HOPE. 
 
 I.-SITUATION, BOTJNDAKIES, AHEA, TITLE. 
 
 Mount Hope is one of the western towns of the 
 county. It is bounded noith by Sullivan County and 
 the town of Wallkill, east by Wallkill, south by Wa- 
 wayanda and Greenville, west by Deerpark The 
 acreage of the town, as given in the last equalization 
 table ot the supervisors, is 16,204 acres. The assessed 
 valuation of the town was $673,470, and the tax paid 
 upon that basis was 15157.79. 
 
 The town lies wholly north of the old county line 
 that originally divided Orange from Ulster. For the 
 title to the soil we refer to the patents, fully explained 
 elsewhere. 
 
 II.-NATUEAL FEATUKES. 
 The most important points in the topography of 
 Mount Hope are the Shawangunk Mountains and the 
 Shawangunk River. The former occupy the western 
 portion, extending from southeast to northwest, and 
 the atter flows in the same direction along the base 
 of he mountains, and nearly parallel to them The 
 highest summits are 1400 to 1800 feet above tide- 
 water. The Little Shawangunk rises in this town in 
 part, and flows for a short distance near and along 
 the east boundary. There are several small branches 
 dL- •' ^f"7°SUuk, mostly from the northwest, 
 Mountdn?' ''""^"^ '^"^'^ °''*^' Shawangunk 
 
 The geological features of the town are worthy of 
 study. The deposit of minerals is rich, and has given 
 rise to very many mining enterprises, some of the 
 "lore important of which are mentioned below. The 
 eastern slopes of the Shawangunk Mountains are sus- 
 ceptible of til age almost to the very summit, and at 
 the presen time the scenery combines much of the 
 beauties of nature with the varied and charming 
 
 features arising from cultivated farms adorned in 
 many cases with handsome residences. In Eager's 
 " History of Orange County" a somewhat doubtful 
 opinion of the agricultural resources of Mount Hope 
 appears in the close of the following passage. Thirty- 
 I five years of subsequent cultivation have doubtless 
 modified the face of the country to a considerable de- 
 gree ; 
 
 ■'The Mount Hope portion of the old town is an exact diamond in 
 a. ape, and among the lea.t of he,- sisters. I,, situation and physical 
 charace,- are ruled by the sa„,e laws which govern DeeriLu a 
 It hes on the eastern slope of the mountain, shelving pretty suddenly 
 down to the Shawangunk Creek, The location of the town and the b d 
 of the creek are among the highest portions of the county. This fact is 
 a luded to .n the name borrowed, as we suppose, from the older village of 
 hopemi "'"'' "'"■'""" " '"'"' '"""'"" "'"' " ''"°" buoyant and 
 
 wh •, • "''''^^'','"™"g""k Kill, here a small stream, runs through the 
 Who e length o, the town from south to north, and is the only one worth 
 mentionmg. This town may he considered hard to till, and not very pro 
 
 T.T I'T" """""■ "" "■''"' °' "'"bandry. The spots which have 
 the benefit of mountain wash may be excepted, still the culture of stock 
 and Its produce in various ways must in the nature of things in this 
 chmate be the most advantageous husbandry. A shepherd will thrive 
 better than a horticultuiist." ' 
 
 III.-EABLY SETTLEMENT. 
 As this town is a modern organization, its settle- 
 ment is largely blended with that of the towns from 
 which it was taken, Deerpark and Wallkill. In the 
 early proceedings of Wallkill Precinct (1772 to 1780) 
 in several military rolls given elsewhere, and in list^ 
 of names in the chapters upon Deerpark, will be 
 found many of the early families who entered upon 
 the present territory of Mount Hope and made for 
 themselves homes within its limits. The several 
 papers given, as above stated, undoubtedly contain the 
 name of nearly every settler prior to the Revolution 
 At Finchville and in that neighborhood was made an 
 
50C 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGK COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 early settlement. The general accounts do not locate 
 the pioneer Finch there until 1773. There were others 
 earlier. 
 
 Jasper Writer was from Germany. On arriving in 
 this country, then a minor, he landed at Philadelphia, 
 and lived until he was of age in the family of a Mr. 
 Depuy. Arriving at his majority, he came to this sec- 
 tion, and settled on the farm where John H. Writer 
 now lives. The wife of Jasper Writer was Eve Kort- 
 right. As to the time when he made a settlement 
 here the family traditions are very clear but not de- 
 cisive. It was understood that he was over one hun- 
 dred years old at the time of his death, though how 
 much over that was not known. He died Nov. 1.5, 
 1842. Supposing him to be one hundred, that would 
 leave seventy-nine years of residence here, and carry 
 the date of his settlement back to 1763; if over one 
 hundred, it would make the settlement still earlier. 
 His wife, Eve Kortright, was from Phillipsburgh ; 
 she died Dec. 31, 1830. The children of this pioneer 
 were Aaron, who was born April 25, 1776, and settled 
 on a part of his father's estate ; Jasper, Jr., who re- 
 mained on the old homestead ; John, who moved to 
 Pennsylvania and died near Honesdale; Margaret, 
 who became Mrs. Rundle, and after his death Mrs. 
 Wagoner ; Nancy, who married Joel Rundle, of Green- 
 ville; Elizabeth, who married John Van Tuyl, of 
 Greenville; Rebecca, who married Daniel Van Tuyl 
 and settled at Pond Eddy ; Eleanor, who married John 
 McKeeby. Aaron Writer, above mentioned, had four- 
 teen children, among them Aaron K., father of Dr. 
 Theodore Writer, of Otisville. 
 
 Among other early settlers of this section of coun- 
 try was Ashbel Cadwell. His wife, Sylva Stevens, 
 was one of those who escaped from Wyoming at the 
 time of the massacre and went through the forest on 
 foot to Connecticut. After Mr. Cadwell's death she 
 became the wife of John Seybolt. A son of Ashbel 
 Cadwell was Elisha Cadwell. Harvey R. Cadwell, 
 a son of Elisha, resides at Otisville, and to him we 
 are indebted for many items in this chapter. 
 
 Another early settler was Rufus Stanton. He first 
 settled a mile from Finchville, near where Edward 
 Force now lives. He afterwards moved to Finch- 
 ville, and his homestead was the large brown house 
 standing near Mr. Moore's. His children were Joseph 
 (now living at Finchville, at the age of eighty -seven), 
 Samuel, Nathaniel, Jonathan, and Mrs. Ezra Hoyt. 
 It was probably before James Finch came to Mount 
 Hope that Stanton settled there, though, as in many 
 other cases, family tradition has not preserved the 
 exact date. 
 
 Israel Green, mentioned in the chapter upon Wall- 
 kill, settled at an early day on the site of Middletown. 
 His descendants state that he gave the land for the 
 site of the Congregational church* and for their 
 
 * The documentary evidence shows that Iiia executors were paid for 
 the church site, however it might be as to the bunal-place. (See Con- 
 gregational Churcli, Wallkill.) 
 
 burial-place, on the express condition that it should 
 remain a burial-place forever, — a contract which 
 they claim could not be impaired even by a legisla- 
 tive enactment. His children were Orange, who 
 settled in Michigan ; Nathaniel, who lived at Otis- 
 ville, and afterwards in Sullivan County; and there 
 was one daughter. Osmer B. Green, the proprietor 
 of the hotel at Otisville, is a son of Nathaniel. 
 
 Daniel Green, a brother of the pioneer Israel, set- 
 tled not far from Finchville. 
 
 William Shaw was a settler in Mount Hope, not 
 far from Howell's, before the Revolution, probably 
 for some years. His homestead is now owned by a 
 descendant, Oscar Shaw. His children were John, 
 William, Robert, Alexander, Henry, and Mrs. Ben- 
 jamin Woodward. 
 
 Benjamin Woodward, Esq., was one of the early 
 patrons of Mount Hojie village, and did business 
 there, and, with Benjamin Dodge, Esq., was instru- 
 mental in originating and carrying forward all those 
 little acts and appliances, difficult to be told, though 
 of yearly necessity, which give animation and growth 
 to such a place. This gentleman was of an enter- 
 prising turn of mind, and took a deep interest in the 
 improvements of the town, which brought him early 
 into public notice, both at home and abroad. Having 
 the confidence of the peoj)le, and being of the Demo- 
 cratic party, he was honored with the station of State 
 senator, which he held for two terms. 
 
 Benjamin Dodge and Stephen St. John were also 
 alike beneficial, enterprising men at this locality for 
 many years, and well deserve the grateful remem- 
 brance of its citizens. 
 
 John Finch, the first immigrant, came from Horse- 
 neck, Ctmn., and settled at Goshen, and the family 
 tradition is that he was the first grown person buried 
 in the graveyard of the Goshen Church, some chil- 
 dren having been previously buried there. 
 
 His son, James Finch, Sr., was born there, and 
 married to Miss Catharine Gale by Rev. Mr. Kerr. 
 James removed and located on land now covered by 
 the site of the village of Middletown, in the town of 
 Wallkill. At this time there were but three log 
 houses besides his within a mile of the place. 
 Shortly before the Revolutionary war he removed to 
 the vicinity of Finchville. When Pennpack was in- 
 vaded and burnt by the Indians under Brant, many 
 of the women and children fled from there to his 
 house for protection. Among others was Mrs. Decker, 
 the wife of Maj. Decker, who came leading her small 
 children by the hand. She had fled from her bed, 
 after retiring for the night, clad in garments which 
 scarcely covered her person. The only article which 
 she saved from the conflagration of her dwelling was 
 the family Bible, which she carried under her arm. 
 
 Mr. Finch, though living in the vicinity, was not. 
 in the battle of Minisink. The reason was Cols. 
 Phillips and Wisner, with their troops, while on their 
 march to Minisink, halted at his house to refresh 
 
MOUNT HOPE, 
 
 507 
 
 themselves and procure something to eat. At the 
 time there were nothing but salted provisions in the 
 house, and Finch killed a large fat hog and prepared 
 it for the troops.* After they had eaten, the residue 
 was placed in the Irtiapsacksof the soldiers for furtlier 
 use. Col. Phillips directed that Finch should not go 
 with them, but stay at home and make ready to feed 
 his men when th6y should shortly return. But, alas! 
 how many of his friends and neighbors, who that day 
 partook of his hospitality, never returned from the 
 field of battle to share his kindness or need his care. 
 
 Mr. Finch during the Revolution performed mili- 
 tary duty three months, and also during the old 
 French and Indian war in 1755 and 1756. When 
 quite young he was at Fort Stanwix in the capacity 
 of waiter to Gen. Abercrombie or some of his staff. 
 He lived and died a patriot, and a member of the 
 Baptist Church, having acted as a deacon for many 
 years. 
 
 James Finch, Jr., his son, of a later generation, 
 was born July 25, 17(38. He was well known, both 
 at home and abroad. He came into public life when 
 young, and held the office of justice of the peace 
 from about 1798 to 1830, excepting the time he acted 
 as judge of the county. In 1831, Coe Finch, his 
 son, was elected a justice of the peace in his place. 
 He held the supervisorship of his tovra for twelve 
 years in succession, and served as a member in the 
 State Legislature thirteen sessions. Early in life 
 he became a member of the Baptist Church, and 
 died in the faith of his fathers on Dec. 7, 1843, aged 
 seventy-five years. He married in 1794, and had ten 
 children, nine of whom lived to be twenty-four years 
 of age. We give a copy of tlie family record: 
 
 Names. Birth. Death. 
 
 James Finch, father July 26, 1768. Dec. 7, 1843. 
 
 Sarah, mother Sept. 23, 1772. Dec. 1, 1843. 
 
 Zophar May 2li, 1795. 
 
 Cath'arine May 1, 1797. Dec. 30, 1843. 
 
 Margaret Sept. lu, 1799. Feb. 12, 1807. 
 
 P. G Feb. 28, 1802. 
 
 Coe April 30,1804. Sept. 12, 1832. 
 
 Julia Nov. 20, 1806. 
 
 Jesse Jan. 24, 1809. Nov. 23,1843. 
 
 James M April 11,1811. Feb. 4, 1844. 
 
 John June 28, 1813. Pec. 9, 184:J. 
 
 Sarah Aug. 9, 1819. Dec. 2, 1843. 
 
 Benjamin Woodward, mentioned above, was the son 
 of Hezekiah Woodward, Jr. The latter, with his 
 father, Hezekiah Woodward, Sr., moved to this 
 town from Stonington, Conn., in the year 1773 or 
 '74. This was not far from tlie same time as the set- 
 tlement of James Finch. Benjamin Woodward was 
 born Feb. 28, 1780. His talents brought him early 
 into public notice. He was a member of the Legis- 
 lature in 1814-16, 1820-21, and in 1826. He was a 
 member of the Constitutional Convention of 1821, and 
 also a State senator 1827-30. His son, Charles S. 
 Woodward, was chosen supervisor in 1862, and a 
 member of the Legislature of 1863-64. 
 
 Joshua Corwin was probably in Mount Hope before 
 
 * B. F. Bailey states that his grandfather at least had salt pork in bis 
 haversack taken from home. 
 
 the Revolution. He was from Southold, Long Island. 
 He purchased a tract of considerable extent and set- 
 tled his sons upon it. His children were Joseph, Ab- 
 ner, Joshua, David, John, Peter, Anna, Jemima, Ben- 
 jamin, the la.st named by a second wife. The home- 
 stead of the son Joshua was the place now owned by 
 Silas G. Corwin. He also had one son by the name 
 ' of Joshua, who was the father of Selah R. Corwin, of 
 Middletown. Joshua the pioneer was born March 25, 
 1733, or 1735, Joshua the second was born March 6, 
 1756, and Joshua the third, Oct. 19, 1785. 
 
 Jacob Wiggins settled at Mount Hope soon after 
 the Revolution. The homestead was about two miles 
 south of Otisville, now the Writer place in part, 
 though a great-grandson owns a portion of his ances- 
 tor's farm. Jacob Wiggins had three sons, William, 
 Jacob, Benjamin. William succeeded to the home- 
 stead, Benjamin went West, and Jacob became a mer- 
 chant at what is now Otisville, where he traded about 
 1810, 1811, 1812. A son of Jacob, Abraham B. Wig- 
 gins, resides near Unionville, but over the line in New 
 Jersey. John Wiggins, a descendant of William, re- 
 sides at Otisville. 
 
 In the original family were three daughters, who 
 respectively became Mrs. David Slauson, of Minisink ; 
 Mrs. Zachary Young, of Mount Hope ; and Mrs. Wm. 
 Young, of !Mount Hope. 
 
 TOWN OFFICERS OF 1825. 
 
 The officers named at the first town-meeting are 
 given under the head of " Organization." The follow- 
 ing memorandum as to their locations will be inter- 
 esting, though it was at a date only forty-five years ago. 
 Joseph Conklin, at whose house the first town-meet- 
 ing was held, kept the house now known as Green's 
 Hotel, at Otisville. Joseph Chattle lived at Mount 
 Hope village, now the place of Mrs. Beekman. Ste- 
 phen Farnum's place was the present farm of M. M. 
 Writer. John King lived on the road to New Ver- 
 non,' where his son, John D. King, now resides. Wil- 
 liam Shaw lived near Howell's, on a farm now owned 
 by his nephew, Oscar Shaw. Isaac Corwin's home- 
 stead was tlie present place of his son-in-law, John S. 
 Wheat. Elisha S. Cadwell resided at Otisville, on 
 the present Everitt place. John Penny, the only one 
 of the town officers of 1825 now living, resides about 
 a mile from Mount Hope village. Peleg Pelton's 
 place was the present farm of John Newkirk, near 
 Howell's. Erastus Mapes' homestead is now owned 
 by his son, Benjamin Mapes, at what is known as 
 Jlapestown. Hezekiah Woodward's place was the 
 present farm of Halsey W. Mapes, southeast of Mount 
 Hope village. William Coleman (4) lived near, or 
 in Mount Hope village. It is said that there were 
 actually four William Colemans, not junior not se- 
 nior, and therefore to be designated by numbers. 
 Freegift T. Boyd lived in the southeast part of the 
 town, on the present place of Mary Graham. Barney 
 Horton's farm was the one now occupied by Mr. 
 
508 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Mapes, below Mount Hope. Nathan Hallock's place 
 was beyond Mount Hope village, and is now owned by 
 the heirs of A. D. Thorn. David Redfield was two 
 miles or so from Otisville, on a place now owned by 
 the Middletown Savings-Bank. Eleazer Brown's 
 homestead was near New Vernon, now owned by his 
 son-in-law, Theodore Graham. William S. Little re- 
 .sided near Mount Hope village, on the present place 
 of Mr. Macardell, editor of the Middletoum Argus. 
 David Corwin's place was at Mount Hope, now the 
 homestead of Chas. Woodward. Stephen Wiggins 
 resided on the place now owned by his son, James 
 B. Wiggins. Daniel Palmer's house was on the pres- 
 ent Craig place, known as " Farmer" Craig, to distin- 
 guish him from the Rev. Mr. Craig. William Otis 
 was a partner of the firm running the Otis woolen- 
 factory. William Brown lived on a part of what is 
 now the Craig farm. Harris G. King's place was the 
 one now owned by Solomon Jerome, near New Ver- 
 non. Joseph Reed lived in the "dark hollow," so 
 called, on the lower road to New Vernon. Samuel 
 K. Seybolt lived half a mile from Otisville, on the 
 road to Finchville. John Logue lived at the Otis 
 factory place. Abijah Norris resided where A. V. 
 Boak does at the present time. Josiah Pierson's 
 homestead was the farm now owned by his grandsons, 
 Henry S. and Charles Otis. 
 
 Aaron H. Writer lived on the mountain, at the place 
 now owned by John F. Writer. Samuel Harding re- 
 sided on a farm now owned by the Middletown Savings- 
 Bank. Joshua Penny's farm was the present place 
 of Josiah Coykendall, between Otisville and Mount 
 Hope. Abraham Wheat lived on the farm now owned 
 by Galen Otis, near Howell's. Ebenezer Mowry's 
 farm was the one now owned by his son Henry, a mile 
 or so from New Vernon. Daniel Greenleaf lived 
 about half a mile southeast of Mount Hope. Thomas 
 Wheat's place was the farm now owned by George B. 
 Horton, about two miles from Otisville. Henry Cole- 
 man was a merchant at Mount Hope village. Andrew 
 Crawford lived on the "Plains," half a mile from 
 Otisville, and was a shoemaker. Cornelius Newkirk 
 resided at New Vernon. James Finch's place was 
 the one now owned by Oliver Green at Finchville. 
 James H. Prime resided out towards Finchville, on 
 the lower road, premises now owned by John G. 
 Wilkin, of Middletown. John Osborn's place was 
 the one now owned by his daughter, near Otisville. 
 William M. Conklin lived on what is now the place 
 of Samuel C. Howell, near the village of Howell's. 
 Jonathan Coleman lived below Mount Hope village, 
 south part of the town. Peter Hoyt lived near Mount 
 Hope village. Elijah Reeve, Jr., resided near How- 
 ell's, on the present Dolsen place. Philip Ketcham 
 lived near Mount Hope, where his nephew, Emmet 
 Ketcham, now lives. John Whiting was a school- 
 teacher, and lived at Mount Hope. Asa Smith's 
 place was at Otis' factory. He was a partner with 
 Otis. Ambrose D. Baker afterwards went to Sullivan 
 
 County. William Baker lived at Otisville. Philip 
 Davis resided near John Penny, on the premises now 
 owned by Mr. Eglinger. Luther Harding lived near 
 Otisville, on the place now owned by Hiram Willis. 
 Nathaniel Stanton's place was the one now owned by 
 Thoodore Moore at Finchville. Eleazer Harding's 
 farm was the present Gillis place, about a mile from 
 Otisville. This locates all of the town officers except 
 Samuel Beyea, Jr., Samuel J. Corwin, Elijah Ban- 
 nister, and Ebenezer Hoyt. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 An early doctor in this section was Dr. Newkirk, 
 of Mount Hope village. Dr. Lummis was at Otisville 
 quite early. Both these men practiced during a long 
 period,— from 1800 or 1805 to 1835 or 183(5. Dr. Cook, 
 yet in practice at Otisville, is a native of Belcher- 
 town, Hampshire Co., Mass. When about twenty 
 years of age he came to this county, arriving here 
 April 27, 1827. He taught school for several years, 
 and during that time studied medicine, mostly with 
 Dr. Gabriel S. Corwin, of Bloomingburgh, Sullivan 
 Co. He opened an office at Otisville in 1834, and has 
 spent nearly half a century in the practice of his pro- 
 fession. 
 
 At Mount Hope, Dr. Wm. C. Terry was the suc- 
 cessor of Dr. Newkirk, and continued in practice 
 until his death. He was succeeded by Dr. McBride, 
 who also died after a few years. 
 
 Dr. Newton also practiced at Mount Hope, and 
 died there. Dr. Whitaker settled at Mount Hope 
 for a time and then removed to Unionville, in Mini- 
 sink. Dr. Graham was contemporary with Dr. Terry 
 at Mount Hope. 
 
 The present (1880) physicians of the town are Dr. 
 Cook, Dr. Writer, and Mrs. E. S. Plumb, as shown by 
 the registry. Dr. Putney, though practicing to some 
 e.xtent in the town, resides at Howell's, in the town 
 of Wallkill. 
 
 LAWYERS. 
 Several gentlemen have done legal business in this 
 town from time to time. Joseph Chattle, at Mount 
 Hope, practiced law for thirty or forty years. Coe G. 
 Bradner, who resided between Mount Hope and Otis- 
 ville, was also a practicing attorney for quite a num- 
 ber of years. Samuel Vanton opened an office here, 
 but after a few years went West. George Wiggins 
 died after practicing law a short time. John L. Wig- 
 gins, a lawyer of Mount Hope, afterwards settled at 
 Chillicothe, Ohio. The present legal business, includ- 
 ing legal writing, is done by John Wiggins, Esq., and 
 by Mr. Durland. 
 
 IV.-OBGAIiriZATION. 
 
 The act of the Legislature incorporating this town 
 was passed in 1825. The territory comprised portions 
 of Wallkill and Deerpark. The new town was first 
 named Calhoun in honor of the distinguished sena- 
 tor, John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina. 
 
MOUNT HOPE. 
 
 509 
 
 His views, policy, and patriotic course as secretary 
 of war during the contest witli Great Britain, in 
 1812, had rendered him very popuhir with the people 
 of this section ; but in the nullification discussions of 
 1831 and '32, a sudden revulsion of public opinion 
 took place, and the people were as anxious to discard 
 the name as they had been eager to adopt it seven 
 years before. A public meeting was called and the 
 name of Jlount Hope adopted. A petition was sent 
 to the Legislature, and the following law ratified the , 
 action of the citizens : 
 
 " Chapter 63. — An Act to alter the name of the town of Calhoun. 
 Passed March 14, 1833. 
 
 "The people of the State of New York represented in Senate and 
 Assembly do enact as follows: 
 
 '* Sect. 1. From the passage of this act the town of Calhoun, in the 
 County of Orange, shall be known and distinguished by the name of the 
 town of MoUTit Hope." 
 
 Like several other towns in this county, the records 
 of the town clerk's office are very meagre, as the 
 books were destroyed by fire in 1848. Fortunately, 
 the first town meeting was recorded in the books of 
 Deerpark, and can, therefore, be given in full as 
 follows : 
 
 " Proceedings of the freeholders and inhabitants of the town of Cal- 
 houn, in the county of Orange, at their first town-meeting at the house 
 of Joseph Conklin in said town, on Tuesday, the Ttth day of April, 1825. 
 Joseph Chattle and Richard Penny, Justices of the Peace, present. 
 
 " On motion, liesotved^ That the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars 
 be raised for the support of the poor for the ensuing year. 
 
 " Jtesohcil, That thirty-five dollars be taxed on the town for supporting 
 bridges for the ensTiing year. 
 
 " Resohed, That there shall be four coDstables in said town for the year 
 ensuing the date hereof. 
 
 " Resolved, That the collector's fee shall he three per cent. 
 
 "OfiBcers electe<l by uplifted hands : Fire-Masters, Nathaniel Stanton, 
 Eleazer Harding, Thomas Wheat, Stephen Farnum, Henry Coleman, 
 Samuel Beyea, Jr.; Fence-Viewers, Isaac Corwin, Andrew Crawford, 
 Cornelius Newkirk, Elisha Reeve, Jr.; Highway-Masters as follows; 
 No. 
 
 1. James Finch. 
 
 2. Isaac Corwin. 
 
 3. Jame- II. Prime. 
 
 4. John Osborn. 
 
 5. David Corwin. 
 
 6. Stephen Wiggins. 
 
 7. Daniel Palmer. 
 
 8. Wm. Otis. 
 
 9. AVm. Brown. 
 
 10. Harris G. King. 
 
 11. Joseph Reed. 
 
 12. Samuel K. Seylwlt. 
 
 13. John Logue. 
 
 14. Cornelius Newkirk 
 
 15. Abijah Norris. 
 
 16. David Redfield. 
 
 17. Sanuiel J. Corwin. 
 
 18. Eleazei' Brown. 
 
 19. Aaron Writer. 
 
 20. Samuel Harding. 
 
 41. 
 
 No. 
 
 21. Eleazer Harding. 
 
 22. Joshua Penny. 
 
 23. Thomas Wheat. 
 
 24. Wm. Shaw. 
 
 25. Abraham Wheat. 
 
 26. Ebenezer Mowrey. 
 
 27. Daniel Greenleaf. 
 
 28. Josiah Pierson. 
 
 29. Peleg Pelton. 
 
 30. Erastus Mapes. 
 
 31. Hezekiah Woodward. 
 
 32. Wm. Coleman (4tU). 
 
 33. Freegift T. Boyd. 
 
 34. Henry Coleman. 
 
 35. Barney Horton. 
 
 36. Nathan Hallock. 
 
 37. Etyah Bannister. 
 
 38. Peter Hoyt. 
 
 39. Ebenezer Hoyt. 
 
 40. Wm. M. Conklin. 
 Jonathan Coleman. 
 
 '■ Resolved, That the by-laws which were formerly of Deerpark be sev- 
 erally adopted. 
 
 " Reiiolved, That the next annual town-meeting be held at the house of 
 Mr. Geo. F. Seybolt, in said town. 
 
 " Officers elected by ballot : Joseph Cliattle, supervisor ; Joseph Conk- 
 lin, town clerk ; Stephen Farnum, John King, William Shaw, assessors ; 
 Joshua Penny, Erastus Mapes, overseers of the poor ; Isaac Corwin, col- 
 lector; Elisha S. Cadwell, John Penny, Jasper Writer, Jr., commis- 
 sioners of highways; Wm. S. Little, Elisha Reeve, Jr., Philip Ketcham, 
 
 commissioners of common schools ; Joseph Chattle, John Whiting, Asa 
 Smith, inspectors of schools; Ambrose D. Baker, William Baker, Philip 
 Davis, Luther Harding, constables." 
 
 At the first town-meeting after the fire, in 1849, the 
 proceedings were as follows : 
 
 Officers elected : Augustus P. Thompson, super- 
 visor ; John K. Seybolt, town clerk ; Samuel C. 
 Howell, assessor; Daniel Mapes, commissioner of 
 highways ; Richard Blizard, justice of the peace ; 
 Benjamin W. Corwin, justice of the peace (vacancy) ; 
 George H. Seybolt, collector ; Richard Penny, Amzi 
 Mapes, overseers of the poor ; Howard Shaw, Joshua 
 Mulock, Jr., inspectors of election ; Horace D. Par- 
 rott, Frederick S. Brown, Philip Davis, Jacob Till- 
 man, constables; Gabriel Corwin, town sealer. 
 
 Levi L. Van Vleck was appointed an inspector of 
 election by the board of town officers. 
 
 It was voted to raise one hundred dollars for the re- 
 pairs of roads and bridges. 
 
 Wm. Shaw, Wm. S. Little, and Augustus P. Thomp- 
 son were appointed to report by-laws at the next 
 annual town-meeting. 
 
 It was voted that the next annual meeting be held 
 at Otisville, at the house of T. K. and J. Rogers. 
 
 We give below a list of the principal town officers 
 from 1848 to 1880 : 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1848 Augtistus P. Thompson. Elisha R. Harding. 
 
 1849 " " John K. Seybolt. 
 
 1860 John K. Seybolt. Ferdinand Seybolt. 
 
 1851 " " Lebbeus L. Harding. 
 
 1862 Wm. W. Reeve. " 
 
 1853 Wm. S. Little. Benjamin W. Dunning. 
 
 1854 Horton Corwin. *' " 
 
 1855 " " Lewis W. Coleman. 
 
 1856 Algernon S. Dodge. Adam Sinsabaugh. 
 
 1857 Harvey R. Cadwell. Ferdinand Seybolt. 
 
 1858 '■ " Lewis A. Seybolt. 
 
 18.59 Charles S. Woodward. George Smith. 
 
 1860 John Mulock. " " 
 
 1861 Israel Y. Green. " " 
 
 1862-63 Charles S. Woodward. " " 
 
 1864-65 " " Reuben Frazer. 
 
 1866 John Mulock. James M. Clinton. 
 
 1867 George Smith. 
 
 1868 " " Harrison AVilkin. 
 
 1869 " " Theodore Writer. 
 
 1870-78 " " Joel Northrup. 
 
 1879 Theodore Writer. " " 
 
 1880 George Smith. " " 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 1830 to 1848, records burned ; 1849, Richard Blizard, Benjamin W. Cor- 
 win ; 1850, Horton Corwin ; 1S51, John Penny, Richard Penny ; 1862, 
 John W. Martin, John W. Martin (vacancy) ; 1853, Wm. Baker ; 1854, 
 Horton Corwin, Charles Conklin ; 1856, Wm. S. Little, Wm. J. Clows ; 
 1856, .lohn Penny; 1857, Dimmick Wilkin; 1858, Horton Corwin; 
 
 1869, Wm. S. Little; 1860, John Penny; 1861, Dimmick Wilkin ; 
 1862, Horton Corwin; 1803, Wm. S. Little ; 1864, James N. Coleman; 
 1865, Dimmick Wilkin, Wm. L. Jackson ; 1806, Horton Corwin ; 1867, 
 John Wiggins ; 1808, Benjamin L. Swezey ; 1869, Dimmick Wilkin ; 
 
 1870, Horton Corwin; 1871, .John Wiggins; 1872, Charles S.Wood- 
 ward ; 1873, Dimmick Wilkin, Hugh Quigley ; 1874, Horton Corwin ;* 
 1875, Theodore Moore; 1870, Hugh Quiglej-, Jonathan Stanton ; 1877 ■ 
 Dimmick Wilkin, Wm. H. Dodge; 1878, Theodore Graham; 1879_ 
 Jonathan Stanton, Martin Corwin ; 1880, Wm. H. Dodge. 
 
 V.-VILLAGES. 
 
 MOUNT HOPE VILLAGE 
 
 is situated in the southeastern part of the town. It 
 
 was so named many years before the town was organ- 
 
 * Mr, Corwin died Aug. 5, 1880, the same day that the record of his 
 long service was being compiled by the writer in the office of the town 
 clerk. 
 
510 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ized, and the latter derives its name from the village. 
 It is on elevated ground, and from various points 
 there are charming views of the surrounding eoun- 
 try. 
 
 For many years this village did a brisk lumber busi- 
 ness, and large quantities of shingles were bought of 
 the individual makers in the forests round about the 
 place and sold to dealers abroad. This industry de- 
 clined in later years. The village was founded by 
 Benjamin Woodward and Dr. Benjamin B. Newkirk 
 on the 8tli day of May, 1807. They raised the frames 
 of their dwellings at that date. At the conclusion of 
 this old-fashioned " raising," amid something of the 
 hilarity of those times, James Finch, Sr., called the 
 assembled company to order, and in an appropriate 
 speech bestowed the name Mount Hope upon the vil- 
 lage thus founded. Among early residents, Benjamin 
 Dodge and Stephen St. John were prominent busi- 
 ness men, and greatly promoted the prosperity of the 
 village. In modern times there is but little business 
 here. There is a hotel by A. J. Mills, a general coun- 
 try store by J. H. Jeifries, and blacksmithing by Mr. 
 Hatch. 
 
 Of Mr. A. J. Mills we obtain the following : " His 
 grandfather, Ebenezer Mills, of Mills' Pond, L. I., 
 was born Aug. 3, 1759. He came to Orange County 
 in 1786, and was fourteen days making the pas- 
 ssage by a sloop from Long Island to Cornwall. 
 He settled near Middletown and married Abigail 
 Vail, twin sister of Isaiah Vail. He soon after moved 
 to the Francis Hughes farm near by, but a little later 
 bought the Monhagen Lake farm, where he spent the 
 rest of his life, dying in 1829. His children were 
 Isaac (father of A. J. Mills, the Mount Hope Hotel 
 landlord); Henry P., who settled in Jlinisink, but 
 afterwards removed to Onondaga County ; Isaiah, who 
 lived in Mount Hope ; Samuel, who removed to In- 
 diana; and Sally, who became Mrs. J. C. Coleman, 
 of Goshen, and later removed to Allegany County ; 
 Phebe, who became Mrs. Wallace, of Onondaga 
 County ; and William, who settled in Wallkill." 
 
 The Mount Hope Hotel was built in 1807 by Ben- 
 jamin Woodward. It was the first house in Orange 
 County to burn coal. Mr. Woodward kept it for 
 many years, and was succeeded by his son, Charles 
 Woodward, for a few years ; subsequent proprietors 
 were Thomas King and Leman Stiles. A. J. Mills 
 took possession of the property, Jan. 8, 1849, and has 
 kept the house ever since. It is a rather unusual 
 circumstance that Benjamin Woodward, one proprie- 
 tor, served two years in the Legislature; Charles 
 Woodward, two years ; and A. J. Mills, two years ; 
 three landlords from the same house of equal service 
 at Albany. Mr. Mills is very clear in his recollec- 
 tion of names and dates, and can give them with pre- 
 cision and accuracy. He gives a rare instance of 
 testimony. Daniel Skinner, in a lawsuit held in the 
 hotel of Mr. Green, at Otisville, gave evidence relat- 
 ing to events ninety years be/ore. Mr. Skinner was 
 
 one hundred and three or one hundred and four years 
 old at the time. 
 
 OTISVILLE 
 
 may be described as the principal village in the town, 
 located near the western line, and a little north of 
 the centre. It is a station upon the Erie Railway, 
 and just west of this place that route makes its 
 sharp southern detour to reach Port Jervis. The lo- 
 cation is pleasant, and some of the lands in the imme- 
 diate vicinity are of excellent quality for agricultural 
 purposes. The name is from Isaac Otis,* who settled 
 at this place, carried on an extensive mercantile busi- 
 ness with other enterprises, and gave an impulse to 
 the growth of the village. The present business may 
 be briefly stated as follows: The Blizard House, kept 
 by L. N. Dix ; the old hotel kept by O. B. Green ; 
 Joel Northrop, general merchandise; A.W.Dodge, 
 groceries ; Dr. A. Cook, practicing physician and 
 druggist : Albert Ketcham, post-office and groceries ; 
 Dr. Theodore Writer, practicing jihysician and keep- 
 ing a drug-store; Charles H. Wiggins, merchant 
 tailor; Mrs. Plumb, a practicing physician, and keep- 
 ing a drug-store ; Reed & Smith, general merchan- 
 dise, also dealers in grain, feed, coal, lumber; James 
 S. Eaton, general merchandise, also dealing in grain, 
 feed, lumber; William H. Smith, restaurant; J. Van 
 Duzer, stoves and tin; Joel Northrup, meat-market; 
 Ralph Elston, bakery and groceries ; Mrs. Wilkin, 
 millinery, boots and shoes ; A. Kniffen, harness-shop ; 
 Asa J. Ogden and William H. Hall, blacksmiths; 
 Anderson Holley, wagon-shop, making and repair- 
 ing ; and the freight and passenger buildings of the 
 Erie Railroad. 
 
 A public school with two departments is main- 
 tained, Harvey Clark principal, and Mrs. Frank 
 Hill a.ssistant. 
 
 Dr. Cook states that when he began to practice 
 there was one store and tavern kept by Galen Otis. 
 Not long after, Thomas King opened a similar estab- 
 lishment, combining trade and entertainment. Cor- 
 win & Tryon were afterwards in trade for some years. 
 
 The post-office at Otisville was established in 1819, 
 and Isaac Otis was the first postmaster. He held it 
 for about five years, and was succeeded by Galen 
 Otis for about the same time. Other incumbents 
 since then have been Elisha Cadwell, about two 
 years ; Charles Conkling ; Ferdinand Seybolt ; Alsop 
 
 * Isaac Otis was of Puritan descent, and resided in early life in Massa- 
 chusetts, where he married the daughter of Capt. Oliver Smith, of Wal- 
 pole. He removed to Orange County in 1S16, and established a country 
 store, around which other buildings clustered, and to which a post-office 
 was given under the title of Otisville. Mr. Otis removed to Philadelphia 
 in 1S31, where he served as a member of the Common Council from tS35 
 to 1849. In 1S41 he was appointed by President Harrison marshal of 
 the United States for the eastern district of Pennsylvania, and held the 
 office two yt'ars. In 1851 he removed to New Tork, where he became 
 the head of the firm of Otis & Co., and also served as president of the 
 Hanover Bank. He retired from that position in 1853, and was instru- 
 mental in founding the Atlantic Bank, of which he became president. 
 Ho died in Boston. 
 
MOUNT HOPE. 
 
 511 
 
 W. Dodge, for seven years, until 1871 ; Harrison 
 Reed, until Feb. 17, 1879 ; and the present incum- 
 bent, A. J. Ketcham. 
 
 NEW VERNON 
 is situated ujjon the north line of the town, and is 
 partly in Sullivan County. 
 
 FINCHVILLE 
 is a hamlet in the southwest part of the town. It 
 is named in honor of John Finch, the first immigrant 
 of that name to this section of country, and in honor 
 of his descendants, many of whom have been promi- 
 nent citizens in this vicinity. The hamlet is situated 
 at the eastern base of the Shawangunk Mountains. 
 In later years it can hardly be described as a village, 
 as there are no stores there at the present time and 
 no hotel. The neighborhood is somewhat noted as 
 the place to which many [lersons fled from the Mam- 
 akating Valley during the Indian troubles. The 
 names of Finch and Finchville are very common in 
 the ancient annals. 
 
 GUYMARD 
 
 is situated on the western slope of the Shawangunk 
 Mountains, and is a station on the Erie Railroad. It 
 also has a post-office. There is much fine scenery in 
 the vicinity, and the place is something of a resort for 
 picnic parties and pleasure excursions, as well as for 
 more permanefit summer boarders. The name is the 
 old French form of the family name Gumaer. The 
 post-oflice was established July 1, 18(56. Peter L. 
 Gumaer was appointed postmaster, and has retained 
 the office to the present time (1880). The village 
 owes its existence principally to the discovery of lead 
 on the lands of the Gumaer Brothers, situated on the 
 west side of the Shawangunk Mountains, and near 
 the line of Deerpark. The lead was first found while 
 building a road from the old turnpike to Gumaer's, 
 on the canal. The Erie mine, the most important in 
 this section, being at the immediate site of Guymard, 
 secured a rapid growth to the village, very soon in- 
 cluding stores, hotels, shops, and private residences. 
 
 with himself in that field, John Whiting, Corwin 
 Swezey, Harvey Taylor, and Hiram Shons. 
 
 VI.— SCHOOLS. 
 
 The town books having been destroyed by fire, it is 
 not po.ssible to give the names of the school commis- 
 sioners and inspectors from 1823 to 1843, during 
 which time the schools were under that method of 
 supervision.* From the records we only have the 
 town superintendents from 1850 to 1856, viz. : 1850, 
 Wm. C. Terry ; 1851, Avery Cook ; 1853, Charles B. 
 Halstead ; 18.55, Nelson Newton. 
 
 The office of this last incumbent was terminated by 
 the new law authorizing district commissioners, which 
 took effect in June, 1856. 
 
 Dr. Cook mentions as other teachers, cotemporary 
 
 * In the records of Wallkill and Deerpark, given elsewhere, the names 
 of school officers upon the territory of Mount Hope between 1813 and 
 1825 wiH be found. 
 
 VII.-CHUHCHES. 
 THE OLD-SCHOOL BAPTIST CHURCH, NEW VERNON. 
 
 The following sketch of this society was furnished 
 by the late Elder Gilbert Beebe, its pastor for about 
 fifty-five years : 
 
 The Old-School Baptist Church at New Vernon, 
 N. Y., was constituted under the ministry of Elder 
 Ebenezer West in 1785. The constituent members, 
 16 in number, viz. : Elder Ebenezer West, Richard 
 West, Wm. Smith, Jedediah Fuller, Solomon Wheat, 
 Asa Worden, John Harding, David Smith, Wm. Pat- 
 terson, Lydia King, Keziah Jillett, Abigail Smith, 
 Elizabeth Godfrey, Dealia Rogers, Anna King, Rhoda 
 Harding. 
 
 Elder Ebenezer West held the pastoral care of this 
 church until his death, which occurred in October, 
 1793. Soon after the death of Elder West, Elder 
 Benjamin Montanya succeeded him, and held the pas- 
 torate of the church thirty-three years, and until his 
 death, which occurred Dec. 2o, 1S25. In May follow- 
 ing, viz., 1826, Elder Gilbert Beebe was called to the 
 pastoral care, and he held the i)osition almost fifty- 
 five years. 
 
 In about the year 1800 the first church-house was 
 built, and called the Deerpark Baptist Church, lo- 
 cated very near the line which divides Orange and 
 Sullivan Counties, and what is now the towns of 
 Mount Hope and Mamakating. This was a frame 
 house, built in ancient style, with galleries on three 
 sides, and a capacity to seat from 300 to 400 persons. 
 
 A new frame house was erected by the church, near 
 the site of the old one, about twenty-five years ago, 
 of about the same capacity. In the rear and east 
 side of this house the church has a large cemetery, in 
 which many of the first settlers of the vicinity are 
 buried. The church now numbers 85 members, — Gil- 
 bert Beebe, pastor; John C. Harding, Samuel Jordan, 
 Samuel B. Beyea, deacons. 
 
 THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AT WALLKILL 
 AND DEERPARK PATENT 
 
 effected a legal organization May 14, 1810. Erastus 
 Mapes and David Corwin signed the proceedings as 
 inspectors of the election. The meeting was held at 
 the school-house in which said church usually met, 
 and the trustees chosen were David Corwin, Selah 
 Mapes, and Jonatlian Coleman. This was the old 
 church at the place known as Mapestown. There 
 was a comfortable house of worship, and services 
 were maintained for many years. At a later period 
 it was deemed necessary to file a new certificate, 
 probably because the names Wallkill and Deerpark 
 were no longer applicable to this town. The new 
 incorporation was under the name of " The Congre 
 gational Church of Mount Hope," July 6, 1847. The 
 proceedings were signed by Erastus Mapes and Amzi 
 
51^ 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Mapes. The trustees chosen were Daniel Mapes, 
 James Bell, and Isaac Davis. Not long after this 
 renewed organization it was deemed best to remove 
 to Howell's, a station upon the Erie Railroad not far 
 away. (See churches of Wallkill.) 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF MOUNT 
 
 noPE« 
 had its origin in the la.st century. On March 25, 
 1770, Oliver Delancy, Esq., of the city of New York, 
 executed a deed or perpetual lease, conveying to 
 Messrs. W. Gillett, David Smith, and Simeon Marsh 
 fifty acres of land lying in the town of Deerpark, 
 to be held in trust for the use of a Protestant min- 
 ister, " who must be elected and chosen by the tenants 
 and freeholders for the time being residing in said 
 town, to do divine service and preach the word of 
 God among them." March 2, 1771, David John- 
 ston, Esq., also of New York, executed a deed, con- 
 veying to the same persons in trust, for the same 
 purpose and on the same terms, twenty-five acres 
 of land lying next to the previous lot. This land 
 lay near the locality long known as Otis' Factory. 
 There was at that time no regular Presbyterian 
 Church in the town of Deerpark. Two congregations, 
 however, assembled regularly for religious worship. 
 One was of the Baptist communion, and was served by 
 Rev. Eleazer West. The other held services and 
 had occasional preaching at the house of Elijah 
 Reeve, a large stone house near Otis' Factory, re- 
 cently removed. After the close of the war of the 
 Revolution a law was passed by the Legislature of 
 New York, April 20, 1784, enabling congregations to 
 incorporate. In accordance with this, Feb. 9, 1785, 
 the congregation worshiping at the house of Elijah 
 Reeve met, and were regularly incorporated by the 
 election of the following six trustees, viz. : David 
 Smith, Sr., Joshua Corwin, Sr., Joseph Smith, John 
 Ketcham, William Shaw, William Rose. They as- 
 sumed the corporate name of "The Trustees of the 
 First Presbyterian Church in Deerpark." Steps were 
 at once taken to secure possession of the land con- 
 veyed by the deeds of Messrs. Delancy and Johnston. 
 It was occupied by Mr. West. But as the Baptists 
 had failed to secure an organization, after some arbi- 
 tration and the payment to Mr. AVest of ten pounds 
 as remuneration for improvements made by him, the 
 land was yielded to the trustees of the organized 
 body. A portion of it was used for a time as a place 
 of burial, but no building was erected thereon. After 
 this, upon applicatiim by Messrs. Thomas White and 
 Wm. Shaw, Lewis A. Scott, Esq., of New York, gave 
 the promise of a deed for five acres of land on " The 
 Plains," near the present village of Otisville, for the 
 erection of a house of worship and other church pur- 
 poses. The deed for this land was given ten years 
 afterwards, in March, 17Po, by the executors of Mr. 
 Scott, and conveyed a clear title to the trustees of the 
 
 * By Rev. Luther LitteU. 
 
 church. A portion of the lot had in the mean time 
 been fenced in and used as a place for burial, aud the 
 whole of it is now used for that purpose, and known 
 as the " Mount Hope Cemetery.'' 
 
 It was not, however, till 1791 that a house of wor- 
 ship was erected on this land. It was built under a 
 subscription-paper headed " For a Presbyterian Con- 
 gregational Meeting-house." The house was not 
 finished for several years. This building was a very 
 plain structure, about fifty feet square, with lofty 
 pulpit and high-backed seats, and without paint. 
 It was used for purposes of worship more than forty 
 years, until about 1835, when it was removed from 
 the ground and put to otjier uses. 
 
 In the mean time there had been a large removal 
 of Presbyterians to Mount Hope, mostly from Long 
 Island. Rev. Mr. Kerr, of Goshen, preached occa- 
 sionally for the congregation. The church as yet, so 
 far as is known, had only a civil existence. Just 
 when its first board of elders was elected is not known, 
 as the first book of records of Session cannot be found. 
 The question of the ecclesiastical connection of the 
 church was settled Sept. 3, 1792, when by a large 
 majority of votes the congregation resolved to join 
 the Presbytery of New York. A considerable portion 
 of the people had a strong preference for Morristown 
 Presbytery or Platform, the latter body being an as- 
 sociation chiefly of Congregationalists. It is ptob- 
 able that about this time the first elders were elected, 
 William Shaw, William Rose. These matters dis- 
 posed of, the congregation, April 1, 1793, made a 
 "call" upon Rev. Jonathan Freeman, then of Hope- 
 well, to become their pastor for one-third of his time. 
 Mr. Freeman accepted, and was installed the first 
 pastor of the church, Aug. 29, 1793, by a committee 
 of the Presbytery of New York, consisting of Revs. 
 Kerr, Close, and King, and Elder Reuben Hopkins. 
 His pastorate was not successful. Contending ele- 
 ments existed in the church. The Congregationalists 
 had become a well-defined party and claimed the 
 property. Appeal was made to the courts, which 
 confirmed the title in the trustees of the Presbyterian 
 Church, after which the Congregational element drew 
 off and formed the church now worshiping at How- 
 ell's. f The pastoral relation of Mr. Freeman was 
 dissolved by Presbytery April 19, 1797. 
 
 In 1801 the Rev. Mr. Baldwin, for many years the 
 pastor of the church at Scotchtown, served the Mount 
 Hope Church a part of his time. June 10, 1803, Rev. 
 Benjamin Prime became pastor of the church, preach- 
 ing three-fourths of his time. After several years 
 the relation was dissolved. Mr. Prime resided in the 
 community until his death, June 25, 1823. 
 
 During this period the church languished, having 
 only 17 members. Three persons were now elected to 
 the eldership, who served the church long and laith- 
 
 t This conflicts somewhat with the account of the Howell's Church, 
 which is drawn direct from their ancient book. We leave both tljat the 
 facta may appear by comparison. 
 
MOUNT HOPE. 
 
 513 
 
 fully in that oflBce. They were Alexander Bodle, 
 Marshal Stigney, and John Boyd. But a brigliter 
 day was now to dawn upon the hitherto struggling 
 church. Oct. 2, 1816, Eev. William Blain was in- 
 stalled its pastor. He preached also a part of his time 
 at Ridgebury. Mr. Blain was the first student who 
 entered the theological seminary at Princeton. Un- 
 der his effective ministry the church enjoyed its first 
 revival of religion, resulting in large additions to the 
 membership. After six years of successful labor, in 
 1822, Mr. Blain accepted a call to the church at Mid- 
 dletown. When he left the Mount Hope Church it 
 was united and strong, with a membership of 117. 
 Four elders were added to the Session during his pas- 
 torate, viz.: Joshua Penny, William S. Little, David 
 Swezey, and Abijah Norris. Mr. Blain was a man of 
 high character as a preacher and pastor, and after 
 leaving Middletown was for many years pastor of the 
 ancient church of Goodwill. During the two years 
 following Mr. Blain's removal, Rev. Thomas Grier, of 
 Westtown, acted as stated supply for one-half his time. 
 
 In 1824, Rev. Edwin Downer, a young man from 
 New Jersey, became pastor. He remained four years, 
 in which time there were 17 additions to the church. 
 Failing health compelled him to relinquish the charge 
 Oct. 22, 1828. He continued to reside many years in 
 the bounds of the congregation, but at length removed 
 to Westficld, N. J., his native place. He died May 
 31, 1868, in the pulpit of the Presbyterian Church of 
 that place, just as he was commencing service. Fol- 
 lowing him, for a short time, Rev. James Russel acted 
 as stated supply, but declined to become the pastor. 
 
 In 1829, Rev. Sylvester Swezey became stated sup- 
 ply of the church. By his efforts the Congregational 
 Church, which years since had gone out from the con- 
 gregation, were induced to unite with them in the sup- 
 port of one pastor. The two congregations worshiped 
 together, as Mr. Swezey preached alternately in the 
 church on the " Plains" and the building of the Con- 
 gregational ists, long known as the "Yellow Church," 
 near the village of Mount Hope. The union seems to 
 have been a happy one, and during this time the 
 church enjoyed its second revival of religion, resulting 
 in the additicm of r)7 persons to its communion. This 
 union ceased when Mr. Swezey left, in the spring of 
 1833. He was soon succeeded by Rev. Andrew 
 Thompson, who had been serving the churches of Ny- 
 ack and Greenbush, in Rockland County. As early as 
 1811 the tract of 75 acres deeded to the church by 
 Messrs. Delancy and Johnson was sold, under an 
 order granted by the chancellor of the State, and the 
 money placed at interest. With these funds a par- 
 sonage was purchased in the spring of 1833, consisting 
 of a comfortable house and 25 acres of laud, lying near 
 the village of Mount Hope. This was first occupied 
 by jMr. Thompson. With his coming the subject of 
 the erection of a new house of worship was discussed. 
 The village of Mount Hope had now grown to be a 
 thriving place of considerable business importance, 
 
 and here the congregation decided, not without strong 
 opposition, to erect its new building. It was a neat 
 edifice, 70 by 45 feet, with spire, and sittings for over 
 400 people, built at- a cost of $4000. The building 
 was the exact counterpart of the then new house of 
 wor.ship at Montgomery, in this county. It was finished 
 and dedicated early in 1835, when the old church on 
 the Plains was abandoned. After a successful pas- 
 torate of five years Mr. Thompson died, Feb. 27, 1838, 
 and was buried upon the Plains. He was a man of 
 thorough culture and high character as a preacher, 
 and left his impress upon both the church and the 
 community. He was the father of A. P. Thompson, 
 now of Port Jervis. 
 
 He was succeeded by Rev. W. G. Johnston, a 
 Scotchman, who was installed pastor in 1839. He 
 remained about two years. For two years following 
 there was no pastor, until May 3, 1842, when Rev. 
 Edward B. Edgar, who had accepted a call, was in- 
 stalled. Under his labors the church assumed a 
 higher position. Regular contributions to the great 
 missionary enterprises were commenced ; the inter- 
 ests of the Sabbath-school were advanced; the 
 church grew stronger in piety and influence. Thirty- 
 six persons were added to the membership during his 
 pastorate of eight years. Amid the general regrets 
 of the people, Mr. Edgar left early in 1850 to become 
 pastor of the church in Westfield, N. J., where for 
 twenty-two years he labored successfully. He is now 
 living without charge at Plainfield, N. J. 
 
 His immediate successor was the present pastor, 
 Rev. Luther Littell, who came to the congregation a 
 young man, direct from the theological seminary at 
 Princeton. He was ordained and installed pastor of 
 the church by the Presbytery of Hudson, Sept. 25, 
 1850. During the thirty years of this pastorate there 
 have been five seasons of special religious interest, 
 resulting in additions to the church varying from 10 
 to 60 persons. The Sabbath-school grew to more 
 than double its former number, and the yearly con- 
 tributions to religious and benevolent objects were 
 much increased. In these years, at various times, the 
 congregation has expended over $1500 in renovating 
 their house of worship. On May 2, 1864, by act of 
 the Legislature, the corporate name of the church was 
 changed from the "First Presbyterian Church of 
 Deerpark" to the "First Presbyterian Church of 
 Mount Hope." Such change seemed desirable, as, by 
 changes in the towns, the church had long been miles 
 away from the boundaries of the town of Deerpark. 
 Also, in the spring of 1867, by order of the court, the 
 recent parsonage premises were sold, and a more con- 
 venient and spacious house, with four acres of land, 
 lying near the church in the village, was purchased 
 at an additional cost to the congregation of $1000. 
 During this period of thirty years there have been 
 229 additions to the church. But, as in all our rural 
 churches during these years, there has been a heavy 
 drain upon the membership of this church by death 
 
514 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 and removal of families to railway villages, so that 
 the membership of 160 a few years since has now de- 
 clined to 120. During the last two pastorates the fol- 
 lowing persons were chosen to the eldership, viz. : 
 John K. Davis, Barna Horton, Robert Thorn, Joshua 
 Corwin, Daniel T. Boyd, A. W. Mapes, J. W. Can- 
 field. Some of these persons are deceased, others 
 have removed to other churches. At present the 
 officers are as follows : Pastor, Rev. Luther Littell ; 
 Elders, John K. Davis, Daniel T. Boyd, Alsop W. 
 Mapes ; Trustees, Charles Mapes, John Borland, 
 Danl. T. Boyd, Theodore Moore, Isaac E. Ketcham.* 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF OTIS- 
 VILLE 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Aug. 7, 1848. 
 The proceedings were signed by Richard Van Horn 
 and Ferdinand Seybolt. The trustees chosen were 
 Ferdinand Seybolt, Russel R. Smith, John K. Sey- 
 bolt, Algernon S. Dodge, and Samuel K. Wheat. 
 The meeting was at the house of Ferdinand Seybolt, 
 there being then no house of worship. The society 
 subsequently erected a comfortable church edifice, and 
 has maintained services steadily since that time. 
 
 The more active founders of the church were Jo- 
 seph Ketcham, Mrs. Dr. Cook, Mrs. Sidney Dodge, 
 Mrs. Smith Looniis, William A. Brown, Elisha Hol- 
 sapjjle, and others. Early ministers, preaching here 
 before the house was built, were Rev. Mr. Reed 
 and Rev. Mr. Vandewater. Rev. Fletcher Loomis 
 was here when the house was erected. The present 
 organization (November, 1880) consists of Rev. R. B. 
 Lockwood, pastor ; W. F. Dewitt, local preacher and 
 class-leader; O. B. Tyrrell, Wm. Wood, Harrison 
 King, J. Vanduser, Samuel K. Wheat; Trustees, 
 Charles T. Wheat, James Cranse, 0. B. Tyrrell, John 
 D. King, Wm. Wood. Mr. Dewitt has been in the 
 ministry about forty years, and has resided here 
 twenty-five years, doing a large amount of Christian 
 work in connection with this church. 
 
 THE FINCHVILLE METHODLST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 
 was duly incorporated July 3, 1850. The certificate 
 was signed by Walter Chamberlain and Samuel S. 
 Ketcham. The trustees named therein were Fer- 
 dinand Seybolt, Samuel S. Ketcham, Jasper N. 
 Writer, Joseph Ketcham, Chauncey L. Ketcham. 
 This church was located in the south part of the 
 town, and maintained services for some years. After 
 the congregation became too small to support a 
 
 * Upon the church history^given above it should be remarked that the 
 pastor appears to trace the same church orgauization that is given in 
 part in the account of Howell's Congregational Church. (See WaUkill.) 
 It seems that both claim the same origin, and that each is the legitimate 
 successor of the one church of 1Y82. The old book, still preserved at 
 Howell's, bears unmistakable evidence that the organization was Congre- 
 gational at the outset, though it might have been somewhat Presliyte- 
 rianized at a later period. There seems no better way than to let the 
 two accounts stand as they are prepared. If they are in any respect con- 
 flicting, that very fact may lead both to the exact truth in the case. 
 
 society at that point it was dissolved, the property 
 sold, and the members mostly attend at Utisville. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF OTISVILLE 
 
 effected a legal organization June 27, 1855. The pro- 
 ceedings were signed by Daniel G. Beyea and Ben- 
 jamin W. Dunning. The trustees named in the cer- 
 tificate were William A. Gerow, A. Sidney Dodge, Dr. 
 Avery Cook, John Mulock, James McBride, Daniel 
 G. Beyea, and John N. Dunning. 
 
 The church was organized March 24, 1855, by a 
 committee of the Presbytery of Hudson, consisting 
 of Messrs. Daniel T. Wood, pastor of the Presbyte- 
 rian Church in Middletown ; O. M. Johnston, pastor 
 of the Presbyterian Church in Denton ; and Augus- 
 tus Seward, pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Port 
 Jervis, together with George M. Newman and Moses 
 Sawyer, elders in the Denton Church. The following 
 persons united with the church at its organization, 
 namely : Mrs. Pamela Cook, wife of Dr. Cook ; Mrs. 
 Sarah Ann Dodge, wife of A. S. Dodge, Esq. ; Mrs. 
 Kezia Dunning, wife of B. W. Dunning, Esq. ; Mrs. 
 Sophia Gerow, wife of Wm. A. Gerow, Esq. ; Mrs. 
 Esther E. McBride, wife of James McBride, Esq. ; 
 Mrs. Frances Loomis, wife of Ephraim S. Loomis, 
 Esq. ; Mrs. Charlotte Beyea, wife of Daniel G. Beyea, 
 Esq., who presented letters of their membership in 
 good standing in the Methodist Episcopal Church of 
 the place, together with Benjamin W. Dunning, who 
 made profession of faith. These eight persons con- 
 stituted the First Presbyterian Church in Otisville. 
 
 The first elder elected was Benjamin W. Dunning. 
 
 On April 18th following the church was taken 
 under the care of the Presbytery of Hudson. 
 
 A suitable house of worship was erected at a cost 
 of over $5000, on a lot given for the purpose by Eph- 
 raim S. Loomis, Esq., on the west corner of Orchard 
 and Main Streets. The building was completed, and 
 Sept. 24, 1856, was dedicated to God for public wor- 
 ship. 
 
 The congregation had much to contend with during 
 the first years of its history. A heavy debt rested 
 upon it, the membership was small, it had no pastor 
 to feed the flock, yet it increased steadily, and bravely 
 met every discouragement until March, 1858, when 
 Rev. Moses H. Wilder was invited to supply the pul- 
 pit for one year. During the next twelve months 
 the Rev. Wm. W. Page supplied the pulpit also with 
 ability. In December, 1862, the Rev. Wm. R. S. 
 Betts accepted a call to become the pastor of the 
 church ; this office he discharged faithfully for three 
 years, resigning April 18, 1865. Two years afterwards 
 Rev. F. W. Farries was invited to preach as a supply 
 for one year, at the end of which time he was called 
 to be the pastor, which relationship continued until 
 Feb. 1, 1871, when the pastoral relation was dissolved 
 amid much regret of the congregation. Rev. R. H. 
 Craig was then called to the pastorate of the church, 
 May 1, 1871, which relationship is still maintained 
 
MOUNT HOPE. 
 
 515 
 
 by an affectionate people and a devoted pastor. A 
 debt of $1500 resting on the church building was 
 liquidated Jan. 1, 1870, and in 1874 the laudable en- 
 terprise of erecting a parsonage was entered upon 
 with much zeal by the congregation. It was com- 
 pleted at a cost of S3000, and occupied in the follow- 
 ing year, but with a debt of 4^1200 remaining. At the 
 twenty-fifth anniversary of the organization of the 
 church this debt was all paid, the entire congregation 
 subscribing liberally, even the children of the Sab- 
 bath-school being glad to take a part in the work. 
 
 Among the good friends of the church who have 
 passed away stood the late Ephraim S. Loomis, Wm. 
 A. Gei'ow, and S. A. Dodge. 
 
 The elders of the church at present are J. K. Aus- 
 tin, D. G. Beyea, A. L. Corwin, H. Willis, G. Beebe, 
 and S. N. Gerow. 
 
 Two revivals of religion have taken place during 
 the history of the church, one under the pastorate of 
 Rev. F. W. Farries, in connection with the efforts of 
 the evangelist, JVfr. Parker, when about thirty persons 
 united, chiefly on profession of faith ; and the other 
 in 1876, when the present pastor, Rev. R. H. Craig, 
 received thirty-nine, nearly all on profession of faith. 
 
 A prosperous Sabliath-school is maintained in the 
 church, tauglit by devoted teachers ; the society is 
 free of debt; the people are united; and altogether 
 there is much to be hoped for in regard to the Presby- 
 terian Church of Otisville. 
 
 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH OF OTISVILLE, 
 a fine brick edifice, plain but substantial, was 
 erected a few years since. It is not, however, an 
 independent charge, but is connected to that of Mid- 
 dletown, and the priests from that congregation oifi- 
 ciate at Otisville. The society, with wise forethought, 
 secured a spacious lot just beyond the village, and 
 have devoted a part of it to burial purposes. Quite 
 a number of fine monuments have been erected. With 
 their usual energy, the Catholic pastors will doubtless 
 continue to improve these grounds and render them 
 worthy of the sacred objects to which they are de- 
 voted. Father Brennan, of Port Jervis, began the 
 work here, and the church was built about 1867. It 
 will seat about 400. Fathers Riley, Gorman, and 
 Clancy, of Middletown, have ofliciated here. A large 
 Sunday-school has been steadily maintained. James 
 Shields is an active layman, steadily looking after the 
 interests of the church. 
 
 VIII.-BUKIAL-PLACES. 
 Half a mile or more from Otisville to Mount Hope 
 village is the old burial-place of the town. In later 
 years it has been enlarged by the purchase of several 
 acres, and the whole is in a very good state of preser- 
 vation. It is referred to, in the history of the Mount 
 Hope Presbyterian Church, as being located on the 
 " Plains." Jeremiah Mulock, who died Dec. 24, 
 1802, aged ninety-one years, was the oldest of the 
 
 pioneers buried here, and 1790 is the earliest date 
 recorded on the ancient headstones. 
 
 The other principal burial-places are the following : 
 A very old one in the woods, two miles or more from 
 Otisville, on the road to New Vernon, and near the 
 Whitlock place. This doubtless contains many graves 
 of pioneers, all unmarked and nameless. There is 
 another old burial-place above Finchville, on the side 
 of the mountains. This is a tangled mass of bushes, 
 but there are very early graves, and a careful search 
 may discover valuable dates bearing on general or 
 family historv'. There is also one in Mapestown, near 
 where the old Congregational church stood. 
 
 The new cemetery at Howell's is over the line in 
 Mount Hope. 
 
 At Otisville there is the Catholic burial-ground in 
 connection with the church. There is also a beauti- 
 ful private cemetery on the hill back of Otisville. 
 
 IX.— TOW^N SOCIETIES, LIBRARIES, INCOR- 
 PORATIONS, Etc. 
 
 An early Masonic lodge existed at Mount Hope 
 village. The lodge-room was in the upper part of 
 the school-house. Nathaniel Green, Eleazer Hard- 
 ing, Stephen W. Palmer, Benjamin Woodward, Ben- 
 jamin Dodge, the Colemans, and others were con- 
 nected with it. It went down under the excitement 
 following the Jlorgan troubles, and no attempt has 
 been made to revive it. In an old newspaper we find 
 the following : 
 
 " Mount Hope, May 20, 5852. 
 "St. John's day will be celnbrated at Brother Henry Coleman's, in the 
 village of Mount Hope." 
 
 THE FARMERS' LIBRARY 
 was incorporated Oct. 13, 1807. The meeting for 
 organization was held at the house of Benjamin 
 Woodward, and the trustees named in the instru- 
 ment were Benjamin B. Newkirk, Benjamin Wood- 
 ward, William Mulock, James Finch, Jr., Peter E. 
 Gumaer, Daniel Green, William Shaw, Jr., Stephen 
 Farnum, Peleg Pelton. The last-named person cer- 
 tified this paper before Judge John Steward. A 
 library was established in pursuance of this certifi- 
 cate. Mr. Harvey R. Cadwell states that he obtained 
 books there ; that a valuable collection of historical 
 works was kept; that his first reading of history was 
 stimulated by those volumes. It is doubtless true 
 that many young men shared in the educational influ- 
 ences of this early library. The attempt to sustain 
 such a library of such books in this day in the same 
 quiet country town might not prove complimentary 
 to the present age. The old library lasted twenty or 
 thirty years, but the books were finally scattered and 
 the enterprise was discontinued. 
 
 THE WASHINGTON LEAD COMPANY 
 
 was organized March .3, 1865. The capital stock was 
 stated at $500,000, divided into 100,000 shares. The 
 trustees named were John Wiggins, Henry A. Chopin, 
 
516 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 George Wiggins, and E. B. Brown. Their mines are 
 located about a mile from Otisville, on tlie Erie Road. 
 Two shafts were sunk about 60 feet deep, about 100 
 feet apart, and the drift about 180 feet. They found a 
 good vein of lead, and a vein of zinc about five feet 
 wide. The work was suspended because of the low 
 price of lead and the general depression of mining 
 interests, but no doubt exi.sts that there is a valuable 
 deposit of minerals at this point. 
 
 THE EMPIRE MINING COMPANY 
 was founded about 18(54. The mines were located 
 about one and a half miles from Otisville, along the 
 Erie Road, on the property of John Wiggins, — trus- 
 tees, John Wiggins, A. W. Dodge, George Wiggins, 
 E. B. Brown, and others. They sunk one shaft 105 
 feet, two others about 20 feet each, another about 25 
 feet. The vein found was abundant, and of excellent 
 quality, yielding lead and zinc. The work was sus- 
 pended for the same reasons that caused the closing 
 of the Washington. 
 
 THE WALLKILL LEAD COMPANY 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Oct. 9, 1863. 
 The capital was stated at $500,000, divided into 100,000 
 shares. The trustees named were Edward A. Quin- 
 tard, Leverett E. Rice, George B. Satterlee, Living- 
 ston Satterlee. This was entirely by New York men. 
 The mines were located about a mile north of Guy- 
 mard. Considerable money was expended. Good 
 lead ore was found, but the company ceased to work 
 after a few years. Rumors of renewed operations 
 arise occasionally, and it is understood the company 
 is still in existence. 
 
 THE SAVOSS COPPER-MINE 
 
 is located about half a mile from Otisville, near the 
 Erie Railroad, and just at the summit of the Shawan- 
 gunk range. A shaft 80 feet deep was ojiened about 
 1864. A good vein of copper was found, but work 
 was discontinued in a short time, and has never been 
 resumed. 
 
 THE CHAMPION LEAD-MINING COMPANY 
 was incorporated Aug. 19, 1864. The capital stock 
 was declared to be fixed at $500,000, divided into 
 100,000 shares. The object was the mining and sale 
 of lead and other minerals. The trustees named 
 were Thomas T. Davis, Marvin Beeman, Ambrose 
 W. Green, F. V. Booth, John T. Willis, Albert H. 
 Hager, Thomas C. Robbins, John Eager, and James 
 H. Gage. 
 
 THE NEW YORK CENTRAL MINING AND MINERAL 
 COMPANY. 
 This association executed a certificate of incorpora- 
 tion Oct. 27, 1863. The objects were stated as " the 
 mining of lead ores and other minerals, and vending 
 the same unmanufactured or manufactured." The 
 trustees named were Alanson Gillespie, of Goshen ; 
 Ambrose W. Green, of Otisville ; Oliver Green, of 
 
 Mount Hope; Roswell Plummer, Marvin Beeman. 
 James P. Keeler, William A. Keeler, of Brooklyn; and 
 Ruftis H. Wood, of New York City. The capital 
 stock was stated at 50,000 shares of $10 each. 
 
 THE MOUNT HOPE MINERAL COMPANY 
 was incorporated by certificate executed Dec. 17, 1862. 
 The place of business was declared to be " in the town- 
 ship of Mount Hope, and also in the city and county 
 of New York." The objects were stated as " the 
 mining of lead ores and other minerals, and vending 
 the same manufactured and unmanufactured." The 
 trustees named were Alfred Mclntire and William 
 Blauvelt, of New York City, and Josiah R. Sturgis, 
 of Brooklyn. Their mines were on the top of the 
 mountain, east of Guymard. 
 
 GUYMARD SILVER-LEAD COMPANY 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Jan. 3, 1877. 
 The capital stock was stated at $100,000, divided into 
 40,000 shares. The trustees named were Charles 
 Place, John H. Small, Hon. George W. Green, Wil- 
 liam A. Keeler, John K. Ruckel, Samuel A. Banks, 
 and George B. Curtiss. 
 
 THE ERIE MINING COMPANY. 
 This is the strongest organization formed for min- 
 ing purposes in this section, and the one whose suc- 
 cess doubtless led to all the other enterprises. The 
 mines are located at Guymard. A large amount of 
 ore has been taken out, though the work has always 
 been an intermittent one, pushed effectively at times, 
 and then stopped for some years. At the present time 
 (November, 1880) it is in one of its suspended in- 
 tervals. There seems to be no doubt in the minds of 
 the community that the deposit of ore is rich and 
 abundant, and that the work need never stop on 
 account of failure of materials. 
 
 THE EMPIRE MINERAL COMPANY 
 
 was formed July 18, 1863. The trustees named were 
 John Wiggins, George Wiggins, and John Mulock. 
 The object was declared to be the " mining of lead 
 ores and other minerals, and vending the same un- 
 manufactured and manufactured." The capital stock 
 was fixed at $300,000, divided into 60,000 shares. 
 
 X.— PLACES OF HISTOHIC INTEBEST OR OP 
 SPECIAL NOTE. 
 
 Perhaps there is little under this head to require 
 special remark. The Shawangunk range is, however, 
 full of rare attractions to students of geology, to all 
 who desire to read the great lessons of creation traced 
 by a divine hand upon the rocky strata. Cabinets of 
 rare value may be easily made by gathering speci- 
 mens for a few days along these hills and in the exca- 
 vations of the mines. The " Pass of the Mountains," 
 at Otisville, too, is worthy of some study. Though 
 not grand and ruggedly sublime, like the wonderful 
 passes of lofty mountain ranges, yet the depression is 
 
MOUNT HOPE. 
 
 517 
 
 decided enough to attract much attention. The en- 
 gineers, in laying out the Erie Railway, traveled north 
 along the range for ten miles or more from Port Jcrvis, 
 to find a place to break through. Here they found it 
 almost ready made for their jjurpose. 
 
 THE FINCH HOMESTEAD. 
 
 This was directly opposite the present McBride 
 house, at Finchville. The old residence was burned 
 a tew years since. Here the militia of Goshen and 
 vicinity halted on their way to the fatal field of Mini- 
 sink. Here the captain directed Mr. Finch not to ac- 
 company them, but to be ready to feed them on their 
 return. From their hurried meal they commenced 
 their march over the mountain, doubtless winding 
 their way along the slight depression where the pres- 
 •ent road is laid, past the burial-ground, in which the 
 dead of earlier years bad already begun to be buried. 
 !f rom the summit of the pass they took their last look 
 of the eastern slopes they were leaving behind them. 
 Alas, how few survived to recross the mountains or to 
 receive the hospitality of the Finch homestead! 
 
 THE PEDDLER'S SPRING. 
 This is so called from the tradition that a peddler 
 \*'as murdered at some former time while drinking 
 there. There seem to be no facts, however, known 
 either of the supposed murderer or of his victim, and 
 very likely it is only an idle story of the past. The 
 spring is romantically situated on the summit west of 
 Otisville, near the old " half-way tavern," on the 
 stage-road from Goshen to Cochecton. 
 
 OLD COIN. 
 A quantity of coin was dug up a few years since in 
 a field near Otisville, at the entrance of the moun- 
 tain pass now traversed by the Erie Railroad. It 
 proved to be counterfeit, but of rare and unusual de- 
 sign. Many conjectures were made about it, some 
 supposing it to have been the work of counterfeiters, 
 who at a very early date may have had a retreat in 
 this vicinity ; others, that it was used to cheat the 
 Indians in the purchase of lands. Dr. Theodore 
 Writer has specimens of the coin. 
 
 THE LOCATION OF THE MASTODON 
 
 exhumed some years since was upon the present 
 Mitchell farm, a mile from Otisville. It was formerly 
 known as the Alison farm. Here one may pause to 
 reflect upon that ancient era when these gigantic 
 animals roamed along the valleys and over the hills 
 of the Shawangunk region. The imagination may 
 revel at its "own sweet will," and weave its own 
 fancies of that titanic age. 
 
 THE OLD ORCHARDS 
 in different parts of the town give some proof of the 
 very early settlement. At Finchville, out in the 
 field back from the old Finch homestead, is one of 
 the oldest in the countv. The time-scarred trunks. 
 
 the gnarled, rough limbs, the broken tops, tell of the 
 winds and the storms that for a century have swept 
 down the mountain-sides and roared along the val- 
 leys. 
 
 XI.— INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. 
 
 The town is largely agricultural. The eastern 
 slopes of the Shawangunk Mountains, the alluvial 
 lands of the Shawangunk River, and the plains lying 
 between form a tract that seemed desirable to settlers 
 at an early period, and the cultivation of which has 
 proved reasonably remunerative from that time to the 
 present. All the crops common to this section of 
 country are raised here. As in all the other towns of 
 the county, or nearly all, the facilities for freighting 
 milk to New York are so convenient that dairying is 
 one of the most important industries. Yet the direct 
 shipment of milk has had the effect to cause the 
 almost complete extinction of that once famous article, 
 " Orange County butter." Orange County farmers in 
 many instances now sell milk so close that they are 
 obliged to buy butter for their own family use, and 
 find it economical to do so. 
 
 Judging by the number of mining companies men- 
 tioned above, it might be supposed that mining would 
 be an important industry of Mount Hope, but mining 
 here resembles the modern institution of Jfasonry in 
 one feature, — it is " speculative," not " operative." 
 That valuable ores exist in the mountain range is un- 
 doubtedly true, but whether in paying quantities and 
 convenient for digging sufficient to render labor re- 
 munerative is yet an unsettled question. 
 
 In the vicinity of Otisville and also at Guymard 
 summer boarding ha-s been of some importance for a 
 few years past. At the latter place a very large and 
 handsome hotel was erected a few years since to ac- 
 commodate summer visitors. The tide of travel is, 
 however, so variable and uncertain that it is scarcely 
 safe to erect a costly building at any one point, because 
 very likely the throng next year may pass on to some 
 new and wilder locality. 
 
 Near Mount Hope village is the grist-mill known 
 as Little's. It was established at an early date, and 
 is now owned by J. E. Ketcham. The woolen-factory 
 of Otis & Co. lasted for some years, but was after- 
 wards burned down. At this same place is now an 
 establishment for tanning skins used in the glove 
 manufacture. 
 
 XII.-MILITARY. 
 
 In the various Revolutionary annals of Deerpark 
 and Wallkill many of the incidents refer to the 
 present territory of Mount Hope, tvhich was taken 
 from those two towns. Especially was the east side 
 of the mountains a place of safety to which families 
 often fled to escape the dangers arising from Indian 
 attacks in the Mamakating Valley. 
 
 As in other portions of the county, a few men were 
 " out" in the war of 1812, and here and there a pen- 
 
518 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 sioner yet remains. The Wallkill Regiment was 
 ordered out in full. The One Hundred and Twenty- 
 eighth, of Sullivan, was subjected to a draft. This 
 included a part of what is now Mount Hope. Among 
 those that went may be mentioned Joseph Stanton, 
 Amzi Mapes, John Mulock, Zebulon Giffen, Fred- 
 erick A. Seybolt, Richard Penny, Capt. William 
 
 Mulock. 
 
 CIVIL WAR, 1861-66. 
 
 No very large number of men volunteered from 
 this town. In proportion to the population, how- 
 ever, the record is a creditable one. Liberal sums of 
 money were voted to secure additional recruits and 
 fill the quota, as shown by the following official 
 action. 
 
 At a special town-meeting, held Aug. 9, 18G4, to 
 consider the question of paying bounties to volun- 
 teers, Wm. S. Little and Horton Corwin were pres- 
 ent, and presided as justices of the peace, and R. 
 Fraser was appointed clerk. 
 
 A committee was appointed to report resolutions, 
 viz.: Wm. S. Little, John Mulock, George C. Strick- 
 land, Horton Corwin, and H. R. Cadwell. The reso- 
 lutions reported were voted upon by the meeting, and 
 carried,— 157 to 29. By this action a tax of $35,000 
 was authorized for the payment of bounties to the 
 amount of $500 to each volunteer for one year, $600 
 for two years, and $800 for three years. The town 
 clerk and supervisor were authorized to issue the 
 necessary bonds to raise the money. 
 
 The above meeting was informal, and to ratify the 
 action another special meeting was held August 20th, 
 Wm. S. Little, Horton Corwin, and John Penny 
 present as justices of the peace, and R. Fraser, town 
 clerk. The committee on resolutions were Charles 
 Hoyt, John Wiggins, Amos Ketcham, W. W. Shaw, 
 and John Mulock. The tax was limited to $37,000, 
 instead of $35,000. The bounty was made uniform at 
 $800. It was offered also to any man furnishing a sub- 
 stitute in anticipation of a draft. 
 
 The resolutions of this meeting were ratified by a 
 •vote of 168 in favor, and 62 against. At a special 
 town-meeting, held Feb. 2, 1865, to consider the sub- 
 ject of bounties, William S. Little acted as chair- 
 man, and R. Fraser clerk. A tax of $10,000 was 
 authorized for the payment of bounties, at the rate of 
 $250 for one year's enlistment, $350 for two years, and 
 $500 for three years, with $50 hand money in each 
 case. The resolutions were adopted, 113 voting in 
 favor, and 34 against them. 
 
 In pursuance of these resolutions recruits were ob- 
 tained, and the several quotas required of the town 
 were filled. We regret to add, however, that there is 
 no record in the office of the town clerk of the oper- 
 ations of the town in filling its quotas, or of the men 
 who went into the service. From a carefully-pre- 
 pared statement by Charles S. Woodward, Esq., one 
 of the most useful supervisors the town ever had, we 
 gather, however, the following facts: 
 
 The quotas of the town were : 
 
 Calls of July ami August, 1862 49 
 
 Drafts of 1S()3 29 
 
 Call of October, 186:1, and February, 1864 36 
 
 " March 14, 1864 15 
 
 " July 18, 1864 47 
 
 " Dec. 19,1864 6 
 
 Total 182 
 
 Blen furnished prior to July 1, 1862 30 
 
 Under call of July and August, 1862 40 
 
 Under draft of July, 1863, by volunteers 1 
 
 by commutation 24 
 
 by substitutes 4 
 
 — 29 
 
 Under calls of October and February, 1864 36 
 
 " call of March, 18G4 16 
 
 " July " 47 
 
 " " December, 1864 6 
 
 Excess on quota of July 18, 1864 3 
 
 Total 206 
 
 The claim of the town for reimbursement of boun- 
 ties paid to fill quota under call of Dec. 19, 1864, and 
 for excess of years of service on filling the quota un- 
 der call of July 18, 1864, was : 
 
 For 42 years' excess of selrice, S'200 each S8,400 
 
 " 3 substitute volunteers, S600 " 1,800 
 
 " 3 volunteers, S400 each 1,200 
 
 811,400 
 
 and the claim was allowed by the Paymaster-Gen- 
 eral. 
 
 To promote enlistments a subscription of $413 was 
 raised in 1862, and, in addition to this voluntary con- 
 tribution, there was sent to the Sanitary Commission 
 the sum of $500 prior to December, 1863. 
 
 Bonds for the payment of bounties were issued in 
 1864 as follows : Call of July 18, 1864, $20,450 for vol- 
 unteers, $15,025 for substitutes. 
 
 The quota of July 18, 1864, was filled by contract 
 (except substitutes put in) at the rate of $700 cash or 
 $800 in town bonds per man. $10,000 was paid in 
 cash and the balance in bonds. $3975 was paid to 
 volunteers and principals furnishing substitutes under 
 call of Dec. 19, 1864. 
 
 The following is the roll of men prior to July, 1862 : 
 
 Baker, Charles A., 56th, or 1st Mounted Bitles. 
 
 Brown, James, 56th. 
 
 Baxter, Lewis, 56th. 
 
 Crozier, Abraham, ISth. 
 
 Drake, F. 
 
 Eaton, Henry C, o6th. 
 
 Gardner, William. 
 
 Green, Horace, 1st Mounted Rifles. 
 
 Gillett, Charles, Jr., 18th. 
 
 Gillett, George, 66th. 
 
 Hill, George H., 66th. 
 
 Hill, James M., 60th. 
 
 Martin, Joseph, Sickles' brigade. 
 
 McMaban, Michael, o6th ; dead. 
 
 Newkirk, Charles M. 
 
 Nash, William, 66th. 
 
 Penny, Theodore, 56th, or 1st Mounted Rifles; died in service. 
 
 Smith, Charles, 66th. 
 
 Schofield, David L., 66tb. 
 
 Shine, John, 56th. 
 
 Sbuart, Charles E., marine. 
 
 Uptegrove, Theodore. 
 
 Woodward, Thomas, marine. 
 
 Armstrong, David, Co. C, Ist Mounted Rifles. 
 
 Pine, Samuel, Co. C, Ist Mounted Rifles. 
 
 Rhodes, C. W., Co. C, 56th. 
 
MOUNT HOPE. 
 
 519 
 
 Sergeant, James G., 87th. 
 
 Conk ling, James. 
 
 Loveland, Martin. 
 
 Horton, Rev. Geo. W., chaplain. 
 
 Credits by Senatorial Cottiniitlee, July and Atfjust, 1862. 
 
 Bannister. Gilbert W., 124th. 
 
 Banker, John R., 4th sergt., Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. at 
 
 Washington, Nov. 11, 1S62. 
 Brown, Wm. S., 124th. 
 Clearwater, Thomas, Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 16, 1863; absent, ill, from 
 
 Oct. IT, 1862 ; must, out by Gen. Order 77. 
 Corey, John, 124th. 
 Conkling, Nathaniel W., 124th. 
 Comfort, J. M., capt., .^4th Penn. 
 Conkling, Coe, IGSth. 
 Dalsen, Theophilus, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; 1st sergt. ; must, out 
 
 with regiment. 
 Graham, Walter, 124th. 
 Gardner, Lewis P., Co. E, 124th ; enl. at Otisville, Aug. 9, 18C2; credited 
 
 to Wallkill ; must, out with regiment. 
 Goldsmith, Obadinh S., Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 Howell, Henry M., Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; wounded in leg May 
 
 12, 1864; in hospital, and must, out by Gen. Order 77. 
 Howell, Wm. H., Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 7, 1862; killed in action May 
 
 12, 1864. 
 Hursh, John W., Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; must, out with regi- 
 ment. 
 Johnston, Wm., Co. E, 124th. 
 Kelly, Judsou, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; severely wounded at 
 
 Chaucellorsville; disch. Sept. 4, 1863. 
 Kerr, Solomon, 124th. 
 Kerr, Abraham, 124th. 
 Kemble, Lewis, 4th Art. 
 Lanning, James, 143d. 
 
 Miller, John F., Co. E, 124th ; trans, to Inv. Corps, Nov. 15, 1863. 
 Morgan, George, Co. E. 124th ; must, out with regiment. 
 McVettie, Charles, 124th. 
 Parsons, James M., Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; died in Chestnut 
 
 Hill Hospital, July 1, 1863, aged 20. 
 Price, Wm., Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; severely wounded May 3, 
 
 1863; sergt. 
 Russell, Wm., 124th. 
 
 Reed, John R., sergt., Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 2, 1862. 
 Smith, Jacob C, 124th. 
 Staples, John C, Co. E, 124th ; e'nl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; killed in battle at 
 
 Chaucellorsville, May 3, 1863. 
 Sergeant, Isaac, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Oct. 11, 1862. 
 Still, Uzal K,, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Sept. 25, 1862. 
 Stewart, Benjamin F., hospital service. 
 Talmadge, Isaac, 4th Art. 
 Terwilliger, Jesse, 124th. 
 Uptegrove, Wm. P., Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; pro. com.-sergt., and 
 
 trans, to non-commissioned staff. 
 Vance. Miles. C o. E, 124lh ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; killed in action a t Beverly 
 
 Ford, June 0, 1863. 
 Whitaker, J, L., M.D., medical department. 
 Wheat, Simeon, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded in hand May 
 
 12,1864; trans, to V. R. C. 
 Wood, Matthias W., Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; taken prisonBr July 
 3, 1863 ; paroled, and went home and did not return. 
 
 Etilislmenti!, July, 1863, to July, 1864. 
 Beyea, Richard F., 4th Art. ; returned home, sick, and died. 
 Brown, Samuel, 15th Cavalry ; born in Orange County ; aged forty-four. 
 Corwin, Alsop L., 4tli Art.; wounded before Petersburg; died since the 
 
 war; served in war with Mexico. 
 Clark, Moses J., Hh Art. 
 Coady, John, 124th. 
 Davis, Charles, 4th Art. 
 Decker, George, loth Cavalry. 
 Davis, William, 124th. 
 
 Goldsmith, Peter W., 4th Art.; died in service. 
 Kirkwood, Hugh, 4th Art. 
 Kipp, James, 4th Art. 
 Laughlin, David, 15th Cavalry. 
 Moore, Seth, 4th Art. ; retunied home, sick, and died. 
 
 Rodman, Wm. C, 98th. 
 
 Skinner, Samuel L., 15th Cavalry; horn in Sullivan County. 
 
 Schofield, David L., 56th ; re-enlisted, 
 
 Tuthill, Henry C , 4th Art. 
 
 Speers, Wm. H., 4th Art.; credited to Wallkill. 
 
 Persons Funmhintj Substitutes under Call of July, 1864. 
 
 Oscar Halstead $660 Lewis A. Ketcham $800 
 
 C. C. V. Ketcham 800 John Wiggins 800 
 
 Charles Roe 8110 John Whitlock 775 
 
 Harrison King 800 Wm. W. Shaw 800 
 
 Jesse W. Canfield 800 Henry C. Otis 800 
 
 John Newkirk... 800 Glen Otis, Jr 800 
 
 James Easton 800 Chas. W. Otis 800 
 
 George W. Canfleld 800 Samuel Vauton 800 
 
 Samuel Raymond 800 Joseph Ketcham 550 
 
 John Borland 800 James Ketcham 550 
 
 Charles H. Wiggins 800 Wm. E. Davis 550 
 
 The three last named were in excess, and were credited on call of De- 
 cember. 
 
 Volunteers and Stdistitutes, December, 1864. 
 
 John Dill, navy, March 1, 1865 $725 
 
 Daniel McKinley, navy, March 8, 1865 726 
 
 Patrick Carrigan, navy, March 8, 1865 725 
 
 Wm. Stanton, furnished substitute 600 
 
 Harrison Reed, " " 600 
 
 John R. Reed, " " 600 
 
 Excess on July call, three. 
 
 The following additional names are the result of 
 inquiry. The persons appear to have been credited 
 elsewhere or are otherwise without local record: 
 
 Ackerman, Curtis, Co. E, 124th ; enl. at Otisville, Aug. 8, 1862; credited 
 
 to Deerpark ; must, out by Gen. Order 77. 
 Blivens, Joseph A., Co. E, 124th ; enl. at Otisville, Aug. 9, 1862; credited 
 
 to Wallkill; must, out by Gen. Order 77. 
 Beyea, Ferdinand, 1.5th Art. 
 Brown, Samuel, 15th Cavalry. 
 
 Baulf, James, loth Cavalry ; was a prisoner of war at Salisbtiry. 
 Burns, John, wounded ; died since the war. 
 Booth, John. 
 Clearwater, Nicholas, Co. E, 124th ; enl. at Newburgh, Aug. 7, 1862, and 
 
 credited to that town ; absent, sick, from Oct 10, 1863. 
 Daley, Wm. J., Co. E, 124th ; enl. at Otisville, Aug. 11, 1862; credited to 
 
 Wallkill ; pro. Corp. ; killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. 
 Downey, Sylvester, 15th Cavalry ; formerly served in Co. H, 18th. 
 Fosdick, Charles J., Co. E, 124th ; enl. at Otisville, Aug. 9, 1862 ; credited 
 
 to Wallkill ; trans, to V. R. C. 
 Force, Jonathan : died in service. 
 
 Hill, George H., 124th ; probably credited to Greenville. 
 Hill, James M., 124th ; probably credited to Greenville. 
 Hazen, Jerry, 1st Mounted Rifles. 
 
 Holley, S. J., Co. B, 54th; probably credited to Goshen. 
 Knitfen, Albert, Co. F, 27th ; enl. May 31, 1861 ; re-cnl. Jan. 4, 1864, in 
 
 4th H. Art., Co. G; wounded at South Mountain. 
 Kirkwood, Hugh, 4th H. Art. ; wounded before Petersburg. 
 Ketcham, Hiram, Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 9,1862; residence, Otisville J 
 
 credited to Wallkill ; wounded May 3, 1863 ; disch. Feb. 9, 1864. 
 Newkirk, Charles M., Co. A, 16Sth ; enl. Aug. 30, 1862. 
 Norris, J. S., 1st Mounted Rifles. 
 
 Scott, Henry, taken prisoner, and died in Libby Prison. 
 Wheat, David B., Co. E, 124th ; credited to Wallkill; disch. Jan. 11,1863. 
 Note. — Harvey Corwin, Alsop Corwin, and S. J. Holly served in Mex- 
 ican war. Alexander Langdon and Sylvester Corwin have served in the 
 regular army since the war. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 
 
 GEORGE SMITH. 
 The progenitors of the family to which George 
 Smith, the subject of this biography, is allied, were of 
 Dutch extraction, though tradition has not preserved 
 the date of their first settlement in the New World. 
 George, his grandfather, early resided in Goshen, but 
 
520 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 subsequently removed to Wiillkill township, where 
 his death occurred. He was married to Mary Tyler, 
 
 and became the father of a family of children, among 
 whom was Ira, the father of George, who was born 
 
 September, 1800, in Wallkill township, and remained 
 with his parents during the early years of his life. 
 After growing to man's estate he made Mount Hope his 
 residence, and became one of the enterprising agri- 
 culturists of the township. He was married to Miss 
 Sallie, daughter of Robert Crawford, of Crawford 
 township, and had children, — Robert C, Charles, 
 William H., Gabriel S., Mary E., George, Oran, Ira, 
 and Sarah F. After a life of unusual activity, the 
 death of Mr. Smith occurred at Otisville, Feb. 28, 
 1879. His son George was born Feb. 8, 1835, in 
 Otisville, where his early life was spent. After gain- 
 ing by study at the neighboring public school such 
 knowledge as enabled him to embark with success in 
 the active duties of life, he began his career as a clerk 
 in Otisville. A copartnership was formed in 18.56 
 with Benjamin W. Dunning, and subsequently other 
 business relations were established. He is now the 
 senior member of the firm of Messrs. Reed & Smith, 
 of Otisville, and extensively engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits. l\Ir. Smith has for years identified himself 
 with tlie public interests of the township of Mount 
 Hope, and been chosen by his constituents for four- 
 teen successive terms as supervisor, besides filling 
 other minor positions of trust. He represents in 
 politics the principles of the Democracy, of which he 
 is an active exponent. 
 
 While his enterprise and capacity have rendered 
 his life a successful one, his integrity and manliness 
 have won for him the esteem and regard of his asso- 
 ciates. 
 
 G O S H E ]sr. 
 
 I.— SITUATION, BOUNDARIES, AHEA, TITLE. 
 GosiiEN is the central town of the county. It is 
 bounded north by Wallkill and Hamptonburgh, east 
 by Hamptonburgh, Blooming-Grove, and Chester, 
 south by Chester and Warwick, and west by Wawa- 
 yauda. The area of the town, as expressed in the 
 equalization table of the board of supervisors, is 
 22,691 acres. The assessed valuation of the town was 
 $2,975,805. The total tax paid upon that basis (1879- 
 80) was $23,861.27. The town is wholly upon the 
 territory of the Wawayanda Patent. The first settle- 
 ment was made just within the limits of the present 
 town of Hamptonburgh. Various subdivisions of the 
 patent soon took place. The laying out of the " town- 
 ship" of Goshen is mentioned in another place. 
 
 II.-NATUEAL FEATUBES. 
 The surface of this town is rolling or moderately 
 hilly. The hills are bordered by long and gradual 
 
 slopes, and may be cultivated to their summits. In 
 the southwest corner, along the Wallkill, is a con- 
 siderable tract of drowned lands. In later years 
 much of this has been reclaimed by skillful drainage. 
 The principal stream is the Wallkill, which forms the 
 boundary on the west. Quaker Creek also constitutes 
 the boundary line for some distance on the southeast, 
 and unites with the Wallkill at the extreme southern 
 part of the town. There are two branches of the 
 Wallkill, one flowing directly south and then west 
 from the vicinity of Mapes' Corners, the other from 
 Goshen village, where it is formed of two rivulets, 
 one from the north and the other from the south. 
 There are also two small streams tributary to Quaker 
 Creek. Across the northeast part of the town the 
 Otterkill flows through a rich and productive valley, 
 having one branch from the east and one from the 
 south. Several swamps have local names, as Big 
 Swamp, Cedar Swamp, and Pumpkin Swamp, which 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 523 
 
 Wm. T. Macknight 5 
 
 John Chandler 5 
 
 Daniel Carpenter 3 10 
 
 Henry Wisner 13 13 
 
 James Bntler 6 8 
 
 Juseph Wood 3 IS 
 
 Moses T. Leadtield (?).... 11 11 
 
 Timothy Wood 4 15 
 
 Roger Townsend 13 2 
 
 Thomas Wickham 3 9 
 
 John Wood (blacksmith). 6 16 
 Samuel Denton (hatter).. 10 4 
 
 AmaCase 2 
 
 George Thompson 6 17 
 
 William Thompson, Jr.... 10 U 
 John Carpenter (stiller).. 7 11 
 
 Mathew Howell 10 9 
 
 " The ahove is the list of all th 
 September, 1775. 
 
 £ «. 
 
 i. 
 
 
 
 G 
 11 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 11 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 e men in my district, as witness my hand, 
 John Stewahd." 
 
 Benjamin Moore 5 9 
 
 Benjamin Moore, Jr 6 
 
 Koeleff Van Brant 10 
 
 William Trcadwell 13 13 
 
 Wm. Thompson (atty.)... 24 8 
 
 John Everett 7 7 
 
 Benjamin Lndlnm 7 
 
 Eichard Wood 1 8 
 
 John Denton 12 5 
 
 John Thompson 12 13 
 
 Isaac Lndlnm 13 Ifi 
 
 Daniel Everett 17 11 11 
 
 John Steward 8 2 7 
 
 William Thompson, "l 
 
 attorney, in bebalf \... 3 10 
 of Widow ElvenduyeJ 
 
 SPECIAL NOTES ON FAMILIES. 
 Maj. John Wood wa.s engaged in the battle of Min- 
 isink, and was the only prisoner who.se life was 
 spared by the enemy. At the time of his capture he 
 was a farmer and blacksmith, and owned what is now 
 known as the Wallace property, and lived in the 
 house now or lately occupied by John Bradner. His 
 blacksmith-shop was in front of his residence, west 
 on the hill, at the junction of Church Street and Mur- 
 ray Avenue. He was a captain in Col. Allison's regi- 
 ment of militia, and as such moved to the defense of 
 the Minisink settlers with his company. After his 
 return from captivity he was commissioned major in 
 the militia. During his captivity his first wife mar- 
 ried another, and after his return he married Han- 
 nah Carpenter, of Goshen, sister of James Carpenter, 
 and also of Benjamin Carpenter, of Carpenter's 
 Point. Solomon C. Wood, of Bangor, Wis., was the 
 only son by the last wife, although he has descend- 
 ants by his first wife. Maj. Wood died in 1812, and 
 was buried with military honors at Slate Hill Ceme- 
 tery. 
 
 Widow Christian Wood, who died in Goshen on 
 July 5, 1825, aged fourscore and five years, was at 
 Wyoming with her family when the battle took place 
 there, and narrowly escaped with her life. She had 
 a son and husband killed in the battle. 
 
 Samuel Mofiatt lived a mile northwest of Goshen, 
 where his son, John Moffatt, resided at a later period. 
 He was a surveyor and a school-teacher, well known 
 as " Master Moffatt." 
 
 Phineas Case lived where Michael Burke now re- 
 sides. A daughter of Mr. Case, Mrs. John Brown, 
 is still living in Newburgh about ninety years of age. 
 Thomas Gale probably lived above Phillipsburgh ; 
 Coe Gale, in the village of Goshen, just above the 
 Episcopal church. 
 Carman Carpenter lived in the West Division. 
 Silas Horton's homestead was a short distance north 
 of Goshen village. 
 
 William Thompson settled in the south |iart of the 
 present town of Goshen, about two miles from Florida. 
 He was a man of considerable means, and purchased 
 600 acres or more. One daughter became the wife of 
 Dr. Nathaniel Elmer, and one son was the well-known 
 Judge William Thompson. Sons of the latter were 
 
 Morris, William, and Thomas, all of whom lived for 
 a time in this county. One daughter became the wife 
 of Col. John Cowdrey. 
 
 Nathaniel Conkling emigrated from Long Island, 
 and settled at what has since been known as Conk- 
 lingtown, in Goshen. This was near the close of the 
 Revolutionary war, 1780 to 1781. His sons were Na- 
 thaniel, Samuel, Enos, Joshua; one daughter, Eliza- 
 beth, died unmarried, and one became the wife of 
 Joseph Conkling. Samuel Conkling removed to Mid- 
 dletown. Joshua succeeded to the old homestead, 
 while Nathaniel and Enos lived on farnis adjoining. 
 "V Elijah Reeve lived northeast of Goshen village. 
 
 Jonathan Swazey's homestead was north of Goshen. 
 The name is now generally written Swezey, although 
 there are those who still write it Swazy — a distinction 
 which we may not correctly recognize in all cases. 
 Indeed, one of the most difficult problems in local 
 names is to secure uniformity in orthography. 
 
 Col. Tusten, Sr., some years before the Revolution, 
 had left his son. Dr. Tusten, on the Denne homestead 
 (Mrs. Price's), and removed to the head of Main Street, 
 Goshen. After the death of the young physician the 
 father moved back to the early homestead. This ac- 
 counts for the two being assessed separately in 1775. 
 Children of Dr. Tusten were James, Thomas, Catha- 
 rine, Sarah, Abigail. 
 
 Capt. Michael Jones resided on the Drowned Lands, 
 three miles from Goshen village. Andrew, Anthony, 
 Michael, and Samuel Jones, of a later generation, 
 were his grandsons. 
 
 Gabriel Wisner was the son of Hon. Henry Wisner, 
 of Goshen.* The children of the latter were Gabriel, 
 Henry, Jr., Mrs. John Denton, Mrs. Phineas Holmes, 
 and Mrs. Moses Phillips. Henry Wisner was a mem- 
 ber of the first Continental Congress, and is said to 
 have remarked, when the decision to resist England's 
 oppression was made, " The next thing we want is 
 gunpowder ;" and arrangements were soon after made 
 to manufacture it at Phillipsburgh. 
 
 Capt. Bezaliel Tyler f was the first man killed in 
 the battle of Minisink. He had four children, — John, 
 Phebe, Elan, Oliver. It is sometimes said that he was 
 really the only officer on that fatal day who had had 
 any previous experience in fighting Indians. He was 
 making a reconnoissance of the Indians' position when 
 he was killed. 
 
 Capt. John Duncan resided in Goshen village. He 
 ' was a tanner by trade, and lived in the old stone 
 house which formerly occupied the site of William 
 M. Sayer's residence. 
 
 Gamaliel Bailey was in the battle of Minisink, 
 from Goshen, and was killed. 
 
 Capt. Benjamin Vail and Gilbert T. Vail were in 
 the battle of Minisink. William Vail was taken sick 
 on the way and returned. Capt. Benjamin had two 
 brothers, William and John. 
 
 * Grandson of Johannes Wisner, whose deed is the oldest in Goshen. 
 f Not a resident of Goshen. 
 
524 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Roger Towusend's old homestead was opposite the 
 present brickyard. As one of the incidents attending 
 the destruction of old graveyards (incidents that 
 ought forever to prevent such desecration) it may be 
 added that in excavating in the church park the 
 tombstone of a little five-year-old daughter of Mr. 
 Townsend wiis dug up bearing the date of her death 
 in 1765. Gen. Joseph W. Wilkin married a daughter 
 of Roger Townsend. 
 
 Lieut. John Wood lived at Summerville, in the 
 town of Goshen. It seems there were four of the 
 name, who must be distinguished from each other, 
 viz. : Capt. vToIm Wood, Lieut. John Wood, Maj. 
 John Wood, John Wood, Jr., the last named of whom 
 was a son of the major. 
 
 Adjt. Nathaniel Finch was a descendant of one of 
 the earliest settlers of Goshen, and the early burials 
 of the family were on Prospect Hill, in Goshen vil- 
 lage. 
 
 Maj. Thomsis Waters lived just beyond the mile- 
 stone on the Florida road. He had four children, 
 Thomas, Henry, Mrs. Thomas Thorn, and Mrs. Robert 
 Seeley. He W!»s one of the early sheriffs of the 
 county. 
 
 Rev. Nathaniel Kerr was pastor of the Presbyterian 
 Church of Goshen for thirty years, including the 
 Revolutionary period. He was a grandson of Walter 
 Kerr, who was born in Scotland in 1653, and of whom 
 it may be briefly said that he was a strict Presby- 
 terian, and was arrested as a Non-conformist, stripped 
 of his property, and sentenced to perpetual banish- 
 ment ; that he came to America and settled at Free- 
 hold, N. J., where he became one of the founders 
 and a ruling elder of the famous Tennent Church, of 
 which the brothers William and Gilbert Tennent were 
 successive pastors. His grandson had many of the 
 traits of his ancestor; was a strict Presbyterian, 
 and hated the name of king. We have referred to 
 him briefly elsewhere. (See General History — 
 ■'Churches.") His children were Oliver L., Catha- 
 rine (Mrs. Simon Hasock), Hannah (Mrs. Theodorus 
 Van Wyckl, Margaret C. Mary, and Elizabetli. At 
 the time of his death he was one of the regents of the 
 University of the State of New York. He died in 
 1804. 
 
 John Steward was a prominent citizen, a near 
 neighbor of Hon. Henry Wisner. He was born in 
 Goshen in 1747. He had five sons. 
 
 Richard Halstead was an early settler of Goshen. 
 He lived on the Florida road, near the present Snyder 
 place, over the " Rio Grande," and it is claimed by 
 his descendants that he was the first merchant in 
 Goshen. He afterwards bought 600 acres of land in 
 what is now Wawayanda, adjoining the Fullerton 
 farm. The tradition in this family is that his son 
 Michael wjis born there. If so (as Michael died in 
 1820, at the age of seventy-two), it determines the set- 
 tlement of Richard in Wawayanda to have been as 
 earlv as 1747 or 1748, not more than ten or twelve 
 
 years later than the Dolsens. Michael Halstead left 
 several children, — Michael, Jr., Jesse, Aaron, Mrs. 
 William Hemingway, Mrs. Silas Hemingway, and 
 Mrs. Alma Bailey. Michael, Jr., had one daughter, 
 Mrs. Charles T. Jackson, from whom most of these 
 particulars are obtained. It is understood that the 
 pioneer Richard Halstead had a brother Joseph, who 
 came to Orange County about the same time. He 
 had no children, but an adopted son, bearing the 
 family name, became the owner of the well-known 
 Cash farm in Wawayanda. 
 
 There are four Jacksons mentioned in the assess- 
 ment-roll of 177o,— William, twice (probably father 
 and son), Henry, and Richard. The late Charles T. 
 Jackson, postmaster of Goshen, a citizen, and warden 
 of the Episcopal Church for more than thirty years, 
 was a son of John C. Jackson. That there were two 
 or more branches of this early family and but slightly 
 related is evident from the fact that the wife of John 
 C. Jackson was Fanny Jackson, a daughter of Wil- 
 liam Jackson ; and through this line tlie family chain 
 is linked to the names upon the assessment-roll. Wil- 
 liam Jackson, the father of Mrs. John C. was a cap- 
 tain in the Revolutionary war, and subsisted a com- 
 pany of soldiers for some time at his residence in the 
 West Division, and at his own expense. He was from 
 Ireland, educated in Dublin, and a certificate of his 
 qualifications was extant among the family papers a 
 few years since. Judging by the assessment-roll, his 
 son William was a yonng man of age at the time of 
 the Revolution. It is of this stalwart young patriot 
 that an exploit is told among Revolutionary tradi- 
 tions. Goshen had some Loyalists, and the discussions 
 between Whig and Tory were violent, and sometimes 
 came to blows. Young Jackson caught a Tory one 
 night trying to cut down a liberty -pole. Seizing him 
 on the instant, he compelled the Tory prisoner to throw 
 his arms around the pole and hug this patriotic sym- 
 bol while he administered a good sound flogging, thus 
 teaching the Tories that liberty-poles had rights on 
 this continent which must be respected. 
 
 Returning to the names on the assessment-roll, 
 Richard Jackson had one daughter, who became the 
 wife of Thomas Wilkin. Mrs. Hottman, of Goshen, 
 is a daughter of the latter. 
 
 The pioneer members of the Vail family in Orange 
 County were three, — Josiah, Samuel, and Benjamin. 
 They all settled near each other, south of the present 
 residence of Thomas Crist. There was the old Vail 
 mansion, a shingle house, which stood down to about 
 twentv-five vears ago. The three then made a clear- 
 ing in what is now Wallkill, beyond the Phillipsburgh 
 bridge, half a mile or so down-stream. The clearing 
 was made under perpetual danger of the Indians, one 
 man to work and two to watch with old smooth-bore 
 rifles, — sure death every time to an Indian in range. 
 Jtwiah moved there and settled, having married a 
 member of the Corwin family. Benjamin settled on 
 what is now known as the John Tuthill place, in Gro- 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 525 
 
 shen, east of the Otterkill. Samuel remained on the 
 place first bought in Goshen. Josiah Vail married 
 Patience Corwin. Their children were Isaiah, who 
 occupied his father's homestead; Daniel, who settled 
 in Western New York ; John, who remained in Orange 
 County ; Phebe, who became the wife of her cousin, 
 William Vail ; and Irene, who died unmarried. Sam- 
 uel Vail married Hannah Petty. Their children were 
 Gilbert T., killed at the battle of Minisink ; Michael, 
 who settled in Vermont; Phebe, who married David 
 Horton ; Experience, who married Silas Horton ; and 
 Hannah, who married Wm. Carpenter. Benjamin 
 Vail married Miss Alsop. Their children were Wil- 
 liam, of Chester ; John, who settled on the homestead ; 
 Benjamin, killed at Minisink ; Mary, who married 
 John Payne ; and Lydia, who died unmarried. 
 
 William Barker lived two miles from Goshen vil- 
 lage, on the Lagrange road. 
 
 John Payne was probably father of the John Payne 
 who died recently at the age of ninety. 
 
 Capt. Silas Pierson, Mr. Victor M. Drake states, 
 lived near the old stone house in Haniptonburgh. 
 His wife wa.s a DeWitt, and a relative of Mrs. James 
 Clinton. Capt. Pierson had two children, — Jubal, 
 who removed to Ithaca, and Rhoda, who became the 
 wife of Rufus J. Drake, and mother of Victor M. 
 Drake, the well-known publisher of Goshen village, 
 and for thirty years a resident of Newtown, N. J. 
 The father of Rufus J. Drake was Francis Drake, of 
 Blooming-Grove, an early citizen and a deacon in the 
 Blooming-Grove Church. 
 
 Caleb Smith probably lived where Mrs. Phillips 
 now resides in the village of Goshen. But there are 
 so many Smiths named in the early papers that it is 
 difficult to locate them. 
 
 Solomon Carpenter lived over the hills west of 
 Goshen. Samuel Dunning resided at Goshen village. 
 Elisha Goldsmith was two miles or so south of (ioshen 
 village, where his descendants now reside. Abraham 
 Springsted lived in the same neighborhood. David 
 Moore's homestead was immediately adjacent. Isaiah 
 Vail lived near David Moore before the Revolution, 
 but must have removed to Phillipsburgh soon after 
 the war. Eliud Tryon must also have removed from 
 Goshen to Wallkill at an early day. Daniel Reeve 
 resided where Charles Reeve now lives, near the old 
 Tusten place. Peter Clowes and wife are said to have 
 been buried in the garden at this homestead. Heze- 
 kiah Watkins' homestead was the place now owned 
 by William Watkins. Zaccheus Case lived in what 
 was known as " Casetown." There were three early 
 homesteads on that road, — Phineas Case, Zaccheus 
 Case, and David Case. 
 
 Benjamin Coleman's homestead was a short dis- 
 tance beyond the Carpenter place, on the Mont- 
 gomery road. The present recollections of old citi- 
 zens locate Aaron Cortright in what is now Wall- 
 kill, but he may have moved over the line soon 
 after the Revolution. William Mapes lived on the 
 
 Montgomery road, two and a half miles from the 
 court-house. Phineas Salmon and his son, Gideon 
 Salmon, lived in " Casetown." 
 
 Joseph Conkling was probably the early hatter. 
 John Barker lived out on the Montgomery road, per- 
 haps three miles. 
 
 A very early pioneer was Henry Smith, who prob- 
 ably came to Goshen about 1743-. He had at least 
 one son, Caleb, whose name appears in the old rec- 
 ords. The children of Caleb were Henry C, Stephen, 
 John, Caleb, and Mrs. James Tusten. Stephen, Jr., a 
 son of the Stephen named above, is still living at the 
 age of eighty-one. He states that Caleb Smith's 
 homestead was near where S. L. Everett now lives. 
 
 Ma.j. Henry Brewster was a lieutenant in Col. Al- 
 lison's regiment of militia, and was taken prisoner at 
 Fort Montgomery, Oct. 7, 1777 ; exchanged Dec. 17, 
 1780. He was wounded at the battle in which he was 
 taken prisoner, and confined for a time in the old 
 prison-ship at New York. Capt. James Brewster, a 
 brother of Henry, was also in the army of the Revolu- 
 tion, — captain-lieutenant New York Artillery. Both 
 left an honorable record. The latter was a member 
 of The Society of the Cincinnati. 
 
 Colville Bradner lived about half-way from Goshen 
 to Florida. He and Colville Ludlum married two 
 sisters Denton. 
 
 William Denton lived where the railroad crosses 
 South Street. Moses Gale lived above the Episcopal 
 church. John Ludlum on the old road to Florida. 
 Timothy Wood, Jr., or his father, lived on Greenwich 
 Street, where William H. Snyder now lives. Wood 
 owned a small farm. Joshua Wells lived near the 
 railroad, where Alfred Wells now owns, west of the 
 village. Stephen Crane lived towards the Drowned 
 Lands, probably where the Cranes now reside. Samuel 
 and Charles Webb lived near what is known as the 
 Webb Cemetery. 
 
 William Knapp, brother of the two Knapps killed 
 at Minisink, beyond the Webb Cemetery, the present 
 Knapp neighborhood. James Sawyer also, still 
 farther west. Samuel Jones near Sawyer's. Daniel 
 Carpenter lived near the Orange County farm, where 
 a descendant of Daniel resides. Dr. Thomas Wick- 
 ham lived in Goshen village. 
 
 Nathaniel Tuthill, overseer, father of O. B. Tuthill, 
 lived in the stone house now owned by O. B. Tuthill, 
 now a tenant-house in Haniptonburgh. Moses Polly 
 lived in what is now Hamptonburgh, — house gone, — 
 on land recently sold to Thomas B. Jackson. Wil- 
 liam Mapes lived in Hamptonburgh, where James 
 Lewis now owns. William Moore on the same Lewis 
 farm. Samuel Horton was a son of Silas Horton. 
 Joshua Tuthill lived where Horace Tuthill now lives, 
 in Hamptonburgh. John Conner lived in a tenant- 
 hou.se on the Joshua Tuthill farm. Widow Springsted 
 lived in the town of Goshen, in a shingle house now 
 owned by O. B. Tuthill, which goes back of the 
 Revolution. A store was kept there in the war by 
 
526 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Christopher Hunter. The husband of the Widow 
 Springsted was Christopher H. Springsted. 
 
 Mary Arnold (widow), of the Dr. Arnell family,* 
 lived in Hamptonburgh, where Thomas Crist now 
 lives ; the early Arnold house was removed only within 
 a few years. 
 
 William Borland lived in Goshen. He was a son- 
 in-law of Capt. David Swezey, and both lived near the 
 Widow Arnell house, but in Goshen. Timothy Tryon 
 lived a little nearer Goshen, where Mr. Howell now 
 owns. Thomas Payne lived about ten rods nearer 
 Goshen, where Ezra F. Tuthill recently lived. Wil- 
 liain Wells lived in Goshen, where David E. Case 
 now owns, — occupied by a tenant. " Flanigan, the 
 tailor," lived in a tenant-house belonging to Mr. 
 Wells. Alexander Corey was a son-in-law of Wil- 
 liam Wells. Sila-s Horton lived where Samuel Eum- 
 sey now resides. Mathias Horton was a son of Silas. 
 Barnabas Horton lived about a mile and a half from 
 Silas Horton, west. Jonathan Swezey lived a little 
 nearer Goshen village. David Steward where Widow 
 Coholau now lives. Joseph Wood, commissioner of 
 highways, lived a mile and a half west of Goshen vil- 
 lage, where Mr. Everett now resides. Phineas Case 
 where M. Burke now owns. There is also mentioned 
 " Brown, the weaver." 
 
 Of William Allison, whose assessment was the 
 largest on the list, very little is now known. That he 
 was a man of standing and influence, however, is suf- 
 ficiently attested by the fact that he was the com- 
 manding officer of the Goshen regiment of militia, 
 and in that capacity was in action at the Highland 
 fort in October, 1777, where he was taken prisoner 
 by the enemy. He was a representative from the 
 county in the Provincial Convention from 1775 to 
 1777 ; State senator from 1783 to 1786, and member 
 of Assembly in 1795. Further information has been 
 sought in vain. The prayer of Dickens, " Lord, 
 keep my memory green," is very suggestive in con- 
 nection with men of his class. 
 
 The early physicians of the town appear in the ac- 
 counts of early settlement already given, — Dr. Tusten, 
 Dr. Thomas Wickham, Dr. Swezey, and Dr. Arnell. 
 Somewhat later Dr. Thomas Evans, Dr. Ostrom, Dr. 
 Egbert Jansen, Dr. Wm. Horton, Dr. Smith, and Dr. 
 Elliot, and there were doubtless others, for which see 
 chapter on medical profession. 
 
 OLD TAVERNS OF GOSHEN-t 
 In the year 1729, March 31st, William Mapes, a 
 descendant of Thomas Mapes, one of the first Eng- 
 lish settlers of the State of New York, came to Goshen. 
 He bought of Madame Elizabeth Denne, the widow 
 of Christopher Denne, for the " sum of six hundred 
 and twenty-five pounds lawful money of the colony 
 of New York, all the remaining part of a certain tract 
 
 * Family are said to have had the name changed t6 Arnell after the 
 treason of Benedict Arnold, 
 t By Nathaniel Vail. 
 
 of land on the west side of the Otterkill, computed 
 to contain eleven hundred acres of land," upon which 
 he erected, within a short distance of the "old county 
 line," at what was subsequently called " Emtintown," 
 a building which he kept as a tavern previous to the 
 French and Indian war. His next-door neighbor 
 was David Moore, "the weaver," whose large house, 
 coming into the hands of William Mapes at the be- 
 ginning of the Revolution, was soon occupied by 
 Mapes, where he continued business for many years. 
 This house in the days of the Revolution was the 
 scene of many remarkable gatherings. In this im- 
 mediate neighborhood were a few friendly Indians, 
 who remained about Goshen for years. These, with 
 the negro slaves, now about as numerous, and the 
 newly-arriving white settlers, made this country tavern 
 a great resort. William Mapes was an active, middle- 
 sized man, with prominent features, well fitted for 
 his business, which he followed nearly his entire life. 
 He died in his eighty-fourth year. His wife was 
 Eunice Loring, who survived him, and attained the 
 age of nearly one hundred years. The old Moore 
 house was demolished by James Lewis, Jr., in the 
 year 1870, about one hundred and twenty-five years 
 after its erection. 
 
 James Denton kept what is now known as the " old 
 Josey Sayre house," situated at " Carpenter Mill," as 
 a tavern as early as 179(5. He was a stocky-built 
 man of vigorous constitution. Here in the year 1801, 
 March 4th, was celebrated the inauguration of the 
 first Democratic President, Thomas Jefferson. The 
 celebration had obtained a genuine success, when, 
 late in the day, the crowd in the bar-room becoming 
 large and active, the flooring gave way, precipitating 
 the entire party into the cellar, producing an uncalled- 
 for amount of confusion. One account, published a 
 few years since, says this breakdown produced a free 
 fight. 
 
 Following Main Street, the next place of note as a 
 public-house was near the present residence of Henry 
 Bacon, once the family mansion of the Burrills.+ 
 Here it is said the first tavern in Goshen village 
 was kept by Birdseye Yarrington. It was not, how- 
 ever, as important as that of Anthony Dobbin, in the 
 house now occupied by John J. Heard. Here, while 
 courts were held under the old custom, the judges 
 were wont to march from the court-room to their din- 
 ner and back wearing their official robes. In the 
 stables of this hotel, which stood near the present resi- 
 dence of J. D. Staats, Esq., in the year 1801 was kept 
 the celebrated horse " Imported Messenger," the pro- 
 genitor of more trotting-horses than any other in 
 the country'. 
 
 Southeast of this, on the same side of the street, 
 
 X Charles Burrill was a Federalist ; was appointed postmaster of the 
 city of Baltimore by the senior Adams; was continned in office, not- 
 withstanding his political principles, by Thomas Jefferson eight yeare; 
 then removed to Goshen and fitted up this residence, where he lived 
 until his death, May 2, 1830. 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 527 
 
 where the present residence of Horton Smith now 
 stands, was a tavern, erected soon after ISOO by the 
 father of Colville Braduer, which was kept by him, 
 by Daniel Gale, Peter Gale, George Moore, and others, 
 with little or no success. It afterwards passed into 
 the hands of Capt. Lebbeus L. Vail, who kept the 
 house for ten years with great popularity, until he 
 was elected to the office of county clerk. It had a 
 splendid sign, painted by Phillips the artist, with an 
 eagle on each side. It was known as " Vail's tavern," 
 until a new proprietor, O. Ensign, looking at the 
 swinging sign-board, exclaimed, " Why, this is the 
 Eagle Hotel. Eagle it has been, Eagle let it be." It 
 wa-s destroyed by fire April 17, 1841, with the Mansion 
 House, immediately adjacent. 
 
 The Mansion House was re-erected soon after 1800, 
 and enlarged iu 1830 by Hector Craig.* 
 
 The Mansion House, kept for many years by Evans, 
 Lewis, Barker, Drake, Blain, Dolsen, Hathaway, and 
 others, was the headquarters of the Whig and Anti- 
 Kegency parties in this county. The spacious salons 
 were freijueiited for many years by Ludia Grant and 
 Sanford Robinson, the celebrated teachers of dancing 
 in Orange County. This was a first-class house in the 
 modern sense. 
 
 The well-known Orange Hotel has been occupied 
 for hotel purposes more than a hundred years. 
 
 On South Main Street was the Kitchel tavern, the 
 present residence of Mrs. Weymer, adjacent to the 
 race-course. It was kept by Josiah Kitchel and his 
 family until his death. May 5, 1826. He was a Jer- 
 seyman from Monmouth Co., and a model landlord. 
 A few rods] further south was the well-known Wash- 
 ington Hotel, in which Professor Wilson now holds 
 his institute. John Bailey was the proprietor trom 
 1833 to 1842, when this hotel was the headquarters of 
 the civil engineers then surveying the New York and 
 Erie Railroad. John Daily succeeded John Bailey. 
 He was a brother-in-law of Col. Theron Feltor, of 
 Newburgh. Daily erected the piazza and balconies, 
 giving the building its present form. 
 
 Sidway's tavern, kept by William Sidway, a drum- 
 mer of the Revolution, was the present building in 
 part of Mrs. D. Denton Young. Here, for the war of 
 1812, the several drafts for this district were made. 
 The landlord was an eccentric character, and many 
 interesting anecdotes might be told of him. At the 
 time of his death he was living in the old Minchin 
 residence, opposite the present place of Charles J. 
 Everitt. 
 
 The " Yellow Tavern" was a large frame building a 
 few rods farther south, on the site of the jiresent dwell- 
 ing of Capt. Ellis Post. It was kept by Robert Seeley 
 and others, and was very much of an " upper ten" 
 affair. In 1825, at this hotel, was celebrated the in- 
 
 auguration of John Quincy Adams, headed by Gen. 
 George D. Wickham, and many distinguished poli- 
 ticians from other places, including New York, were 
 present. It closed with a grand ball. The hotel was 
 subsequently kept by Robert L. Hathaway in 1841 
 and 1842, after which he kept Hathaway's Hotel, in 
 Greenwich Street, New Y'ork, until the death of his 
 wife, a woman of many estimable qualities. 
 
 Coming down to modern times, the Occidental 
 Hotel, on West Main Street, was built by Gen. George 
 D. Wickham in 1841, and was opened in September 
 of that year, at the celebration of the opening of the 
 Erie Railroad from New York to Goshen. It was first 
 known as the Pavilion Hotel, taking that name from 
 a sulphur well in the rear of the building. Capt. 
 Barney first kept it, a well-known Hudson River 
 man. Afterwards Gilbert Gale, whose large family 
 of sons have for thirty years past kept with great suc- 
 cess fashionable hotels at Lake George, Saratoga, Ni- 
 agara, and Lebanon Springs, also in New York and 
 in Philadelphia. John S. Edsall, the owner of the 
 famous horse " Edsall's Hainbletonian," afterwards 
 known as "Alexander's Abdallah," also kept this 
 hotel. It took the name Occidental when Col. Abbott 
 took possession in 1872. 
 
 Soon after the completion of the Erie Railroad to 
 Goshen, William Lovelace, an old river boatman, came 
 to Goshen, and made the acquaintance of Andrew 
 Tucker, a colored man, who had for some years lived 
 on the present site of the Van Nort House. This was 
 soon changed into a fish-market and green groceries, 
 which they kept with success until 1844, when Joseph 
 S. Van Nort came in possession of the property and 
 continued the business. He finally procured license, 
 and kept a restaurant and oyster saloon until 1869, 
 when he erected the present brick building. It had 
 been intended to extend it to the corner of John 
 Street, but finally he finished it in its present form. 
 In the failure of the experiment the project died. 
 
 It was afterwards kept by many different proprie- 
 tors until Mr. George N. Remer, the present propri- 
 etor, took possession and made it a complete success. 
 
 * James Craig and his son, Hector Craig, were Scotchmen. The son 
 was elected to Congress about 18'2K, when he became intimate witli Gen. 
 Jackson, who appointed him collector of the port of Now York. Hector 
 Craig, a grandson, resides in N'ewburgh. 
 
 IV.— OKGANIZATION. 
 
 The precinct formed by the name of Goshen was 
 the first iu Orange County north of what is now Rock- 
 land. It is a tradition, though of little authority, 
 that the name was selected for its scriptural associa- 
 tions. As ancient Goshen included the best land in 
 Egypt, so the modern Goshen was supposed to include 
 the best land of the Wawayanda Patent. This ex- 
 planation might be admitted were it not for the fact 
 that the name was then applied to an immense terri- 
 tory stretching from the Hudson to the Delaware, and 
 not to a small fertile tract. 
 
 The boundaries of the early Goshen Precinct, formed, 
 it is supposed, about 1720, were evidently the follow- 
 ing: On the north by the "old county line," extending 
 from Plum Point, on the Hudson, to the Delaware 
 
528 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 River-in the vicinity of the present hamlet of Spar- 
 rowbush ; on the east by the Hudson River ; on the 
 southwest by the boundary line between New York 
 and New Jersey. As this line was in dispute for a 
 period of fifty years or more, it might be inferred that 
 the southwest line of Goshen was a movable and un- 
 certain boundar}'. Perhaps this was so to some ex- 
 tent. Yet there is some evidence that the present 
 boundary between the two States was from the first 
 the New York view of the southwest line of the 
 Goshen Precinct; for as early as 1738 New York 
 had organized the "Precinct of Minisink," lying 
 wholly below Carj^enter's Point, in what is now the 
 State of New Jersey. The name Minisink Precinct 
 has no place in New York documents after the settle- 
 ment of the State line. It is certain that the next year 
 after the final settlement of the dis|)utcd line (that is, 
 in 1775) Goshen extended up to S])arrowbush, taking 
 in the triangular portion of the present town of Deer- 
 park, south of the old county line. This is proved 
 by the assessment-roll of that year. 
 
 In 1764 the precinct of Goshen was divided by a 
 line which was nearly that of the present west line 
 of Monroe. The west part retained the name of 
 Goshen, and the east part was named New Cornwall. 
 After that year the territory of Goshen was still an 
 immense tract, covering the present towns of War- 
 wick, Goshen, part of Chester, Wawayanda, Mini- 
 sink, Greenville, and the south part of Deerpark. 
 This continued until 1788, when Goshen was reduced 
 largely by the formation of the towns of Warwick 
 and Minisink. 
 
 The precinct records which would have furnished 
 names abundantly for the period 1720 to 1775 are de- 
 stroyed. Little or nothing can therefore be given of 
 the civil history of Goshen from 1720 to 1798, more 
 than three-quarters of a century. Even a list of 
 supervisors can only l)e obtained back to the latter 
 date by consulting the county records. Dismissing, 
 then, these lost records, we give the following list of 
 supervisors and town clerks from 1798 to 1880, and 
 the justices of the peace chosen by the people: 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1798-99 John Vail. David M. Westcott. 
 
 1800-1 Peter Townsend. " " 
 
 1802-7 David M. Westcott. Kobert Wood. 
 
 1808 Sti'plien Jackson. " " 
 
 18U9-10 Joshua Brown. " " 
 
 1811 Keuben Hopkins. David M. Westcott. 
 
 1812-13 " " Asa Dunning. 
 
 1814-16 David M. Westcott. 
 
 1817 " " Henry Seward. 
 
 1818 " " John Wilson. 
 
 1819-21 " " Timothy B. Crowell. 
 
 1822 " " Nathan Stark 
 
 1823 Thomas Thorne. Albert S. Benton. 
 
 1824 John B. Booth. 
 
 1825 " '■ Daniel H.Tuthill. 
 
 1826-29 David M. Westcott. John Bailey. 
 
 1830 " " George M. Grier. 
 
 1831 Egbert Jansen. " *' 
 
 1832 " " John J. Smith. 
 
 1833 " " Lebbeus L. Vail. 
 
 1834 Francis Tuthill, 
 
 1835 " " Daniel Warden. 
 
 1836 Henry Merriam. Albert S. Benton. 
 
 1837-38 John Vauduzer. Daniel Warden. 
 
 1839 Charles B. Durland. 
 
 1840 Gabriel Seeley. John Everett. 
 
 1841 " " Daniel Warden. 
 
 1842 Daniel Warden. Robert E. Potter. 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1843 James J. Hallock. Robert E. Potter. 
 
 1844 Uobert L. Hathaway. " 
 
 1845-47 Calvin Gardner. W. W. Bodle. 
 
 1848 Chas. D, Edsall. V. S. Seward. 
 
 1849 Richard 51. Vail. Jacob T. Randall. 
 
 1850 " " It. Vail. 
 
 1851-52 " " James C. Johnson. 
 
 1853-59 Calvin Gardner. 
 
 1860-61 " " Samuel B. Kitchell. 
 
 1862-64 John C. Wallace. H. V. D. Hoyt. 
 
 186.5-66 " " Samuel B. Kitchell. 
 
 1867 " " H. V. D. Hoyt. 
 
 1868-69 George W.Millspaugh. " " 
 
 1870 John C. Wallace. " " 
 
 1871-72 " " Asa S. Strong. 
 
 1873 " " A.J.Moore. 
 
 1874-76 lesse S. Mapes. " 
 
 1876 R. B. Hock. 
 
 1877-80 A. J. Moore. Wm. T. Newkirk. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, ELECTED AT THE ANNUAL TOWN- 
 MEETINGS. 
 
 1830, Stephen Jackson ;* 1831 , Nathan Westcott :• 1832, Horace W. Elliott ; 
 1833, Hannibal M. Hopkins; 18.34, Wm. Smith; 1835, J. J. Hallock ; 
 1836, Horace W. Elliott; 1837, Hannibal M. Hopkins; 1838, William 
 Smith; 1839, Frederick A. Hoyt; 18411, Horace W. Elliott, Oliver B. 
 Tuthill, 1841, Thomas G. Feagles; 1842, John Van Duzer; 1842, A. 
 S. Benton ; 1844, Horace W. Elliott; 1845, Frederick A. Hoyt; 1846, 
 John Van Dozer ; 1847, James H. Jansen, Hannibal M. Hopkins, 
 Andrew J. Wilkin ; 1848, Andrew J. Wilkin ; 1849, Frederick A. 
 Hoyt ; 1850, John E. Howell ;t 1851, James H. Jansen ; 1852, Horace 
 W. Elliott, Hannibal M. Hopkins; 1853, Frederick A. Hoyt; 1854, 
 John E. Howell ; 1856, John E. McConnell ; 1856, Horace W. Elliott ; 
 1857, Frederick A. Hoyt; 1858, ,7ohn E. Howell; 1859, George W. 
 Millspaugh; 1860, Horace W. Elliott; 1861, Frederick A. Hoyt; 
 18G2, Bradford R. Champion; 1863, George W. Millsp.iugh; 1864, 
 Roswell C. Coleman, Charles G. Elliott; 1866, Frederick A. Hoyt; 
 1866, Bradford R. Cham)iion ; 1867, George W. Millspaugh; 1868, 
 Roswell C.Coleman; 1869, Frederick A. Hoyt; 1870, Bradford R. 
 Champion; 1871, Charies O. Elliott; 1872, Charles W. Coleman ;t 
 1873, Frederick A. Hoyt; 1874, Henry C. Duryea; 1S75, Charies G. 
 Elliott; 1870, Wm. H. Wyker; 1877, Charles W. Coleman (same to 
 fill a vacancy); 1«78, George W. Millspaugh ; 1879, Chas. G. Elliott; 
 1880, Wm. H. Wvker. 
 
 v.— VILLAGES. 
 
 GOSHEN VILLAGE 
 is situated in the northern part of the town, and nearly 
 central from east to west. Its history is very largely 
 the history of the town, as well as of the ancient pre- 
 cinct of the same name, extending back one hundred 
 and sixty-six years. Goalien was the place of public 
 business ; courts held their sessions here ; military 
 movements were arranged here; prominent men of 
 early times resided here ; the prisoners of ante-Revo- 
 lutionary years were incarcerated here, and the con- 
 demned were executed here. It is not possible to 
 study Orange County without finding material re- 
 lating to Goshen in almost every direction, and ex- 
 tending through the records of more than a century 
 and a half Much of this material will be found in 
 the General History of the county included in this 
 volume. The General History of the county must be 
 referred to also for a large amount of valuable and in- 
 teresting material bearing upon the history of Goshen. 
 It may be remarked that the proprietors laid out the 
 village by running a broad street or avenue nearly 
 north and south through the plat, some half a mile 
 
 * Town books burned, but the above appear in the county audits, and 
 there must have been others, 
 t Elected before he was of age. 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 529 
 
 in length, and then by laying ofi" four lots of 80 acres 
 each on the east and west sides of it. The church 
 and academy lots were at the south end of the street. 
 
 In addition to laying out the site of a village, the 
 patentees, at or about the same time, laid out on the 
 patent an oblong square, lying northwest and south- 
 east, of several miles in extent, and known on the 
 old maps us " Goshen Township." The village of 
 Goshen is in the northwest part of this oblong square. 
 
 The " old township" was laid out in accordance 
 with the early custom of conferring certain civil 
 rights upon the inhabitants of a small, clearly-defined 
 tract, and then attaching to that outlying settle- 
 ments, as " precincts of" the township thus created. 
 This original idea had but little application. Very 
 soon the term precinct came to mean a civil division, 
 in nearly the same sense as " town" is now used. In 
 fact, precinct powers were gradually enlarged until, 
 after the Revolution, it was only necessary to substi- 
 tute the word town for precinct, and the modern sys- 
 tem was legally established. The proprietors of the 
 township laid out the ministerial lots they were re- 
 quired to in the northwest part of this oblong square, 
 and naturally a village was established around in 
 that section. The act incorporating the village was 
 passed April 18, 1843. The bounds were described in 
 the act as follows : " Beginning at the one-mile stone 
 on the road leading from Goshen to Montgomery, and 
 running thence in a southerly direction to the east 
 corner of the dwelling-house formerly owned by 
 Phineas Case ; thence in a direct line southwesterly 
 to the most southerly corner of the house-lot of Wil- 
 liam B. Tuthill ; thence northerly to and including 
 the dwelling-house of Dr. James S. Horton ; thence 
 northerly to and including the dwelling-house of 
 Lebbeus S. Vail, and the whole of the house-lot of 
 John B. Booth and Asa D. Jansen ; thence in a direct 
 line to the place of beginning." 
 
 The annual meeting was fixed for the first Tuesday 
 of May in each year. The first election was held 
 May 13, 1843, called by F. A. Hoyt, one of the 
 justices of the peace in the town, pursuant to the pro- 
 visions of the act. The following officers were duly 
 elected : James S. Horton, Charles W. Eeevs,* Charles 
 Monell, John C. Wallace, Asa D. Jansen, trustees; 
 John J. Hurd, Charles T. Jackson, Victor M. Drake, 
 assessors; John S. Crane, treasurer; Samuel B. Kit- 
 chell, collector. 
 
 This election wa.s held and certified to by F. A. 
 Hoyt, Esq., and by James C. Johnson and Lester L. 
 Robinson, secretaries. 
 
 The first meeting of the board was held on Monday 
 evening. May 15, 1843. Charles Monell was chosen 
 president, James S. Horton, vice-president, and 
 Jeromus Johnson, clerk. Stated meetings were or- 
 dered for the third Monday of each month, except 
 
 • The orthography generally is Reeve, but there are those who write 
 the name Reevs. As in similar cases, we may not be able to coirectly 
 recognize the distinction. 
 
 when some court of record for Orange County should 
 meet upon that day, and in that case the meeting was 
 to be held on the second Mondav. 
 
 Messrs. Jansen and Reevs were appointed a com- 
 mittee to procure a seal for the corporation. It was 
 voted to call a meeting of the inhabitants to vote on 
 money to be raised, such meeting to be held on the 
 26th. 
 
 At a meeting of the board held on the 26th, the village 
 was divided into three districts, — Northern, Western, 
 and Southern. 
 
 The meeting of the inhabitants on the same day 
 authorized the raising of a tax of $350 ; $300 to be 
 applied to the construction of drains, sewers, and 
 sidewalks, and .$50 to the purchase of hooks and lad- 
 ders. At a subsequent meeting of the board, May 
 31st, Messrs. Horton, Jansen, and Monell were ap- 
 pointed a committee on by-laws ; Messrs. Wallace and 
 Reevs to provide hooks and ladders ; Messrs. Monell 
 and Wallace to see and consult with the commission- 
 ers of highways. 
 
 June 19th, the committee upon by-laws reported 
 twenty-one sections, which were duly adopted, ordered 
 to be printed in the village papers, and to go into 
 operation on the first day of July, 1843. 
 
 June 29th, the trustees appointed Schuyler P. 
 Owen pound-master, and made the yard attached to 
 his barn the public pound. They also adopted as 
 their temporary seal the impression of the eagle upon 
 the American quarter of a dollar. 
 
 Aug. 29, 1843, seems to have occurred the first 
 auditing of bills, and it included the following : 
 
 Henry Gale's, for timber and lumber, repairing 
 bridges on Main Street, $7.75 ; John C. Wallace, for 
 making sidewalks and sewers, $58.88; Patrick Dunn's 
 bill for sewer and walk, $9.25; Charles W. Reevs, 
 for sewer and sidewalk, $25.70. 
 
 Oct. 26, 1843, the board adopted a resolution pro- 
 viding names for the streets of the village. 
 
 The following were the principal officers from 1843 
 to 1880 : 
 
 Presidents. Clerks. Treasurers. 
 
 1843^4. Charles Monell. Jeromus Johnson. .John S. Crane. 
 
 1845. Squire Lee. Moses Swezey. Charles Monell. 
 
 1846. No record. 
 
 1847. Squire Lee. Moses Swezey. 
 
 1848. Nathan Westcott. " " John .S. Crane. 
 
 1849. Benjamin F. Duryea. James F. Hoffman. " " 
 
 1850. F. A. Hoyt. " " " " 
 
 1851. C. W. Reevs. Stephen H. Strong. John C. Wallace. 
 1862. Chas. H. Winfleld. " " •' " 
 
 1853. " " James F. Hoffman. Henry W. Merriara. 
 
 1854. Moses Swezey. John E. Howell. " " 
 1855-56. " " John C. McConnell. " " 
 1857. John C. McConnell. David R. Feaglcs. " " 
 1858-61. " " James F. Hoffman. *' " 
 
 1862. W. W. Warden. " " " " 
 
 1863. " " Brad. R. Champion. John Wallace. 
 
 1864. Benj. F. Edsall. " " " " 
 
 1865. Wm. C. Little. " " Henry Merriam. 
 
 1866. Ellis A. Post. " " " " 
 
 1867. Horace Newkirk. Henry V. D. Hoyt. John Wallace. 
 1868-70. F.dw'd Dikeman. " " Wni. M. Murray. 
 1871. " " Asa .S. Strong. " " 
 
530 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Treasurers. 
 Wm. M. Murray. 
 
 Presidents. Clerks. 
 
 1872. Geo. W. Millspaugh. Asa S. Strong. 
 
 1873. Jason W. Corwin. Andrew J. Moore. 
 
 1874. Edward Dikeman. " " 
 
 1875. Wm. P. Townseud. " " 
 187G. Wisner Murray. " '* 
 1877. Chas. W. Coleman. " " 
 1878-80. H. W. Nanny. " " 
 
 Watek-Works. — The water-supply of Goshen was 
 provided for in 1872. The water of Prospect Lake 
 was used, an excellent body of water lying between 
 two hills a mile and a half from the village. The ex- 
 pense was about !?60,000, and is being paid in install- 
 ments of 13000 each. The first commissioners were 
 Benjamin F. Edsall, John Cooper, and N. C. San- 
 ford. The present commissioners (December, 1880) 
 are J. D. Day, Philip A. Power, James Scott, A. J. 
 Moore, clerk ; P. A. Power, treasurer. 
 
 Police Department. — This was organized Jan. 
 1, 1876. The present police-justice is A. D. B. Staats. 
 Three uniformed policemen are employed, — ^ William 
 H. Wood, Hiram Van Keuren, and George Smith. 
 
 Fire Department. — Soon after the incorporation 
 of the village steps were taken to organize fire compa- 
 nies and jirocure the necessary apparatus. Aug. 29, 
 1843, the following ten persons were accepted as mem- 
 bers of Hook-and-Ladder Company, No. 1 : Charles 
 S. Tappan, Archibald Smilax, Ogden K. Dunning, 
 Joseph W. Gott, Robert A. Smith, William M. Sayre, 
 Alexander Ross, Benjamin F. Dunning, Samuel Mof- 
 fatt, and William W. Morris. 
 
 A meeting of the taxable inhabitants was called for 
 Thursday, September 14th, to vote on the question of 
 raising money for the purchase of a fire-engine, and 
 at that meeting the sum of $450 was authorized to be 
 raised for that purpose. 
 
 At a subsequent meeting of the trustees, A. D. Jan- 
 sen and Charles W. Reevs were appointed a commit- 
 tee to procure the engine. At the same meeting (Dec. 
 4, 1843) the board adopted rules for the government 
 of the Goshen Hook-and-Ladder Company. 
 
 Jan. 22, 1844, the board approved the organization 
 of "Orange Fire Company, No. 1," consisting of the 
 following members: Asa D. Jansen, Dennis Mc- 
 Laughlin, Joseph D. Pardee, Samuel Van Voorhees, 
 John L. Riker, Oliver D. Corey, George Maze, Wil- 
 liam Bedford, Charles H. Smilax, William V. Ray, 
 Robert Wilson, Andrew J. Jones, James McCaw, 
 William Kinsey, Jacob Vreeland, Harvey Wallace, 
 Gilbert Chandler, Edward J. Ayres, Patrick Moore, 
 Henry B. Murray. By-laws for the government of 
 this company were adopted at the same meeting. 
 
 The present Fire Department (December, 1880) 
 comprises three companies, with C. G. Elliott, chief 
 engineer; N. M. Jay, first assistant engineer; James 
 Scott, second assistant engineer ; John T. Larue, 
 treasurer ; William T. Newkirk, secretary. This 
 general organization has been in force about ten 
 years. 
 
 Cataract Engine and Hose Company, No. 1, is the 
 
 one early company formed soon after the village was 
 formed. It has an engine for use beyond the limits 
 of the water system of the village. Within those 
 limits the hydraulic pressure is sufficient to enable 
 the company to dispense with an engine and operate 
 with hose only. At the present time the oflicers of 
 Cataract Company are Barto Wright, foreman ; D. F. 
 Demiug, first assistant foreman ; Alonzo Reed, second 
 assistant foreman; Wellington McBride, treasurer; 
 Casper Reinar, secretary ; J. E. Loud, assistant secre- 
 tary ; William Tierney, steward. The company con- 
 sists of about 40 members. 
 
 Dickerson Hose Company, No. 3, was organized in 
 1872, and has about 20 members. Charles E. Wright, 
 foreman; William McNish, assistant foreman ; Thos. 
 Farrell, Treasurer; William O'Neil, secretary ; Miles 
 Shafer, assistant secretary ; Hugh Dougherty, steward. 
 
 Rescue Hook-and-Ladder Company, No. 1, was or- 
 ganized in 1870, and has about 30 members. A. J. 
 Moore, foreman ; William Ackley, assistant foreman ; 
 John L. Kniffin, treasurer ; Frank Drake, secretary ; 
 F. C. Hayne, assistant secretary ; E. M. Thurston, 
 steward. 
 
 The Department is in an efficient condition, well 
 supplied with apparatus, and managed by active and 
 energetic men. Happily, the village has been fortu- 
 nate in not requiring their services to any great ex- 
 tent, few fires having occurred for some years past in 
 Goshen. 
 
 Private Residences. — Goshen at the present 
 time includes a large area, within which are many 
 elegant private dwellings. Some of the more elevated 
 streets in the outskirts of the village are especially 
 fine, and few pleasanter drives can be found than 
 through the principal streets and along' the outer lines 
 of the corporation. The village has had a large 
 growth in recent years, despite the fact that the loca- 
 tion of heavy manufacturing enterprises at Middle- 
 town many years ago gave to that place a decided 
 advantage. It is said that a more liberal policy in 
 the sale of lands should have secured a part of them 
 at Goshen. Perhaps no one in the last twenty-five 
 years has contributed so much to the actual extension 
 of the village as ex-Sherift" Van Sickle. He has 
 erected forty or more dwellings. They are not only 
 convenient and spacious, but many of them show 
 much attention to correct taste and proper architec- 
 tural beauty in the exterior. They are an ornament 
 to the place. One portion of the village has been so 
 exclusively built by him that it is popularly known 
 by his name. 
 
 The Post-Office.— This is doubtless one of the 
 earliest post-oflSces in what now constitutes Orange 
 County. It is a matter of regret that so little can be 
 obtained concerning its history. The present post- 
 master, Charles T. Jackson, is a popular and efficient 
 officer. He was appointed to succeed his father upon 
 the death of the latter, in March, 1876, and holds a 
 commission renewed for several years. 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 531 
 
 His father, Charles T. Jackson, Sr., held the office 
 from July, 1853, until his death, a period of nearly 
 twenty-three years. That he remained in office 
 despite the great political changes of 1861 indicates 
 his popularity with men of all parties, and the suc- 
 cessful way he conducted the office to the .satisfaction 
 of tlie people. 
 
 Virgil Seward was po.stmaster during the Taylor- 
 Fillmore administration, and prior to him was Horace 
 Elliott for a long series of years. Between Mr. 
 Seward's term and that of Mr. Elliott, Frederick A. 
 Hoyt was postmaster for a time. 
 
 Hotels. — The Occidental is conveniently situated, 
 near to the depot, and reached quickly without cross- | 
 ing the railroad, — a point of considerable importance ; 
 with the wide track of the Erie road and the numer- 
 ous trains in the way. The present proprietor is Mr. ! 
 A. Brownson, a gentleman of long and varied ex- | 
 perience in the management of hotels. Guests are 
 sure of courteous attention, an excellent table, good 
 rooms, and ready assistance to and from trains over 
 all the roads. It is the favorite stopping-place of j 
 commercial travelers, of the board of supervisors, j 
 and of attendants upon courts. 
 
 The Orange County Hotel is further up-town. It 
 has been a public-house back to the " time when the 
 memory of man runneth not,'.' and has had a long 
 succession of proprietors. It stands upon the site of 
 the early court-house of 1738. It shares with the 
 other hotels in the ordinary travel and the general 
 business of the county-seat, and besides has quite a 
 patronage from summer boarders, who like its dis- 
 tance from the railroads and its consequent quiet. 
 
 The Erie, the Van Nort, and the Union are the 
 other principal hotels of the village. 
 
 MAPES' COKNERS 
 
 is a village in the south part of the town, near Mount 
 Lookout. It is situated on the old public road lead- 
 ing south from Goshen, and which afterwards became 
 the "Plank Road." At the opening of the Pine 
 Island Branch Railroad, Mapes' Corners was made a 
 station. It bears the name of a well-known citizen 
 of that place, as well as that of one of the oldest 
 families. 
 
 COUNTY FARM. 
 The latest established post-office in the county dates 
 from Jan. 26, 1880, and the postmistress is Miss C. 
 Augusta Goodale. At this place is located the Orange 
 County farm and the County House, the present 
 superintendent being Harvey H. Goodale. (See chap- 
 ter on county buildings.) 
 
 EAST DIVISION AND WEST DIVISION 
 are two terms found in early writings and continually 
 recurring in all descriptions of the village of Goshen. 
 They need to be clearly defined. The explanation is 
 this: The oblong square known as the "township of 
 Qoshen" was divided into four parts. North Division, 
 
 East Division, South Division, and West Division. 
 The names East and West have ever since been in 
 frequent use, but North and South have not. That 
 the latter existed is, however, clearly proved. In a 
 deed of land given to encourage the settlement of the 
 first blacksmith, bearing date July 17, 1721, it is re- 
 cited that certain lands lying in the South Division 
 are granted to William Thompson for the purpose of 
 encouraging him to locate there. 
 
 VI.-SCHOOLS. 
 
 A large amount of information upon the schools of 
 the town and the names of the school officers, .such as 
 we have given for other towns, cannot be obtained for 
 Goshen in consequence of the loss of records, already 
 mentioned. From the records of the late years which 
 are preserved we obtain the names of most of the 
 town superintendents: 1846, Benjamin F. Duryea; 
 1847, Benjamin F. Dunning; 1848, Charles T. Jansen; 
 1850, Benjamin F. Dunning ; 1852, Benjamin F. Dun- 
 ning ; 1854, John H. Thompson ; 1856, John H. 
 Thompson. At this latter date the schools passed to 
 the control of the district commissioners. 
 
 Farmers' Hall Academy. — A select school of 
 a classical character was maintained for some years 
 before the incorporation of an academy. Noah Web- 
 ster, the subsequent author of the dictionary, was the 
 first teacher of note. To meet the expense of his 
 education he had resorted to teaching. 
 
 In his itinerancy as a pedagogue he came to Goshen, 
 and is said to have been at that time poor, and com- 
 paratively without friends. Indeed, it is a local tra- 
 dition that he had but seventy-five cents left in his 
 pocket after reaching there and securing a school. It 
 is evident that he taught about one year. No list of 
 the pupils is preserved who enjoyed the teaching of 
 this afterwards illustrious lexicographer. He may 
 have practiced upon them the lessons of his first 
 spelling-book, for it was issued very soon after he left 
 Goshen. On leaving he received from Hon. Henry 
 Wisner the following note of introduction: 
 
 "Goshen, ,\ugiist20, 1782. 
 
 " Sir,— The bearer, Mr. Noah NVebster, hns taught a grammar school 
 fur some time past in this place, much to the satisfaction of his employ- 
 ers. He is now doing some business m the literary way, which will, in 
 the opiuioD of good judges, be of great service to posterity. He being a 
 stranger in New Jersey, may stand in need of assistance of some gentle- 
 men with whom you are acquainted. He is a young gentleman whose 
 moral as well as political character is such as will render him worthy of 
 your notice. Any favor which you may do him will be serving the pub- 
 lic, and accepted as a favor done your friend and very humble servant, 
 
 " Henry Wisner. 
 
 " His Excellency Uovernor Livingston." 
 
 The school building in which Mr. Webster taught 
 had been erected in 1773, not long after the court- 
 house of that period. The builder is said to have 
 been James Webster, a Scotch Highlander, who 
 fought at the siege of Quebec. The school established 
 was known as Farmers' Hall Academy, and was in- 
 corporated by a charter bearing date April 1st, " in the 
 fourteenth year of American independence." The 
 
532 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 incorporators named in the instrument were William 
 Thompson, Jesse Woodhull, Birdseye Young, John 
 Carpenter, Phineas Case, Reuben Hopkins, Samuel 
 Gale, Jonathan Swezey, Seth Marvin, John Hathoru, 
 Henry Wisner, Elihu Marvin, Hezekiah Howell, 
 Thomas Moffatt, Moses Phillips, Joseph Wood, James 
 Carpenter, David Arnold, Coe Gale, James Denton, 
 Anthony Carpenter, Timothy Dunning, Joseph Den- 
 ton, Joshua Wells, Joshua Brown, Jr., Nathan Kerr, 
 Henry Wisner, Jr., John Everett, Israel Wells. 
 
 The first principal of the academy was Benjamin 
 C. Carpenter. He taught until Dec. 30, 1791. Mr. 
 Minor appears to have been the next teacher, and he 
 was followed by John K. Joline, whose service closed 
 in 1808. The next principal was Abijah Carrington. 
 
 Horace Swezey became principal of Farmers' Hall. 
 He remained until some time in 1828, when Jlr. 
 Rogers taught for one quarter first and then for a 
 longer engagement to 1831. Victor M. Watkins then 
 became principal for two years. 
 
 In April, 1833, John C. Slack was emploj'ed, but 
 left unexpectedly, and Nathan Stark, a former teacher, 
 was employed. Nathaniel Webb then became prin- 
 cipal of both scho(jls for about two years. About 
 1837, Rev. B. Y. Morse was appointed, and made a 
 longer stay than some of his predecessors. Stephen 
 D. Bross, afterwards Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois, 
 taught one year, commencing April 15, 1843. His 
 successor was Henry Fitch, to Sept. 19, 1846. 
 
 Then David L. Towle became_principal, and con- 
 
 NATHANIEL WEBB. 
 
 He was succeeded by William Danielsou, and on Oct. 
 15, 1815, Mr. Kenyon was appointed. He was fol- 
 lowed by Joshua Boyd, for a few weeks only. About 
 this time the Female Academy was established, and 
 put under the care of the trustees of Farmers' Hall. 
 William Ewen became the first principal. 
 
 John Decker, .Ir., was appointed principal of Farm- 
 ers' Hall, April 19, 1822. He remained only one 
 term, and August 5th of that year Wm. C. Hasbrouck 
 was placed in charge. He taught only a .single term, 
 and his successor, taking control in November, was 
 Nathan Stark. He taught for some years, his labors 
 closing Aug. 1, 1826. 
 
 Nathaniel Webb then taught for a few weeks, when 
 he became a teacher in the female department, and 
 
 tinned eleven years. In the fiill of 1857, Wm. H. 
 Foster took charge and taught one year. Mr. Phil- 
 lips followed for a short time, and then, Oct. 19, 1859, 
 C W. Davenport became principal. 
 
 Ooshen Female Seminary was established in 1851 by 
 those who preferred an independent school for girls 
 to the Female Academy in connection with Farmers' 
 Hall. Elizabeth Phillips was the first principal. Her 
 successor was Julia Seward, and then Mrs. M. P. 
 Bradley took charge of the seminary. 
 
 Nathaniel Webb, whose connection with the 
 schools of Goshen is above noted, was the son of Ben- 
 jamin, and grandson of Benjamin Webb. He was 
 born on the old homestead farm near Middletown, 
 N. Y., Aug. 16, 1798. His preparatory education was 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 533 
 
 obtained in the academy of his native piace, and he | 
 was graduated from Union College soon after reach- 
 ing his majority. His early inclinations were for the 
 profession of tiie ministry, but ill health compelled 
 him to relinquish his cherished desires in that direc- 
 tion, and immediately after graduating he traveled in i 
 the South for his health, which he partially recovered. 
 Returning, for some time he was a teacher in the 
 public school at Goshen. 
 
 He married. May, 1827, Louisa, daughter of Xeno- 
 phon and Abigail (Burr) Mead, of Wilton, Conn., 
 and sister of Charles Mead, of Goshen. She was 
 born June 20, 1802, and survives in 1881, well pre- 
 served in body and mind. After his marriage Mr. 
 Webb opened a private school at Middletown, which 
 he continued for only six months, and for the follow- 
 ing two years was principal of tlie academy of that 
 place. He was afterwards principal of the academy 
 at Montgomery for one year, and in 1831 opened a 
 private female boarding-school in Goshen, which was 
 the origin of the Female Seminary of that place, that 
 obtained such a wide repute for high scholarship and 
 moral influences. For thirteen years Mr. Webb de- 
 voted his entire energies to the work of this school, 
 and continued to teach and to take an interest in it until 
 his death, which occurred April 20, 1855. 
 
 In 1843 he purchased the interest of J. W. Gott in 
 the Democrat and Whig, and was afterwards, until his 
 decease, associated with Charles Mead in editing and 
 publishing that newspaper. 
 
 As a writer for his paper he possessed solid abili- 
 ties, and a quiet, chastened humor, which lurked be- 
 neath a terse and pleasant style. As a teacher he had 
 both experience and judgment, and acquired and 
 preserved the confidence and patronage of the public. 
 His gentle manners, and the familiar sym])athy which 
 he exhibited towards his pupils, endeared him to both 
 old and young, and wherever the fame of the Goshen 
 Female Seminary reached, his name, as the scholarly, 
 gentlemanly, efficient, and beloved teacher, was insep- 
 arably connected with it. 
 
 He was emphatically a self-made man. Industry, 
 honor, and sagacity were the implements with which 
 he made himself useful to others and carved out an 
 enviable reputation for himself. 
 
 As a man, he was foremost in every good work. 
 A.s an instructor, his reputation is identified with the 
 prosperity of some of our best schools. As the editor 
 of a leading political journal, he acquired and judi- 
 ciously wielded an extensive influence. As the 
 superintendent or teacher of the Sunday-school, he 
 became endeared to his pupils and fellow-teachers ; 
 and as a Christian from early manhood, and an elder 
 for many years in the Presbyterian Church of 
 Goshen, he left a name for purity and holiness of life 
 which shall long, 
 
 " Like the memory of the just, 
 Smell Bweet, and blossom in the dust." 
 
 Daniel WelW Classical School for bovs, limited to 
 
 about twenty, was commenced in 1849, and continued 
 for some years. 
 
 The Young Ladies' Institute was started in the old 
 Washington Hotel by Prof D. L. Towle, who had 
 taught for some years in Farmers' Hall.* 
 
 Miss Jennie Bishop at the present time maintains 
 a select school in the village. 
 
 The Goshen Institute, an academic boarding and 
 day school, is held in the ample rooms of the old 
 Washington Hotel. It has had many successive pro- 
 prietors. Prof Joel Wilson is the present principal. 
 He came to this place in January, 1877, and has been 
 successful in maintaining an excellent school and se- 
 curing a large number of pupils. 
 
 The present public school is simply the long-stand- 
 ing organization of an ordinary school district. The 
 building is of brick, arranged for three departments, 
 and four teachers are employed, — Wellington McBride, 
 principal ; Mrs. Wellington McBride, Miss Sarah 
 Houston, Miss Julia Kane, assistant teachers. 
 
 A school for colored scholars is maintained by the 
 trustees of the district. Miss Elizabeth Drake teacher. 
 The trustees at the present time arc R. C. Coleman, 
 N. J. Kelsey, and William E. Mapes, and the clerk is 
 Charles G. Elliott. 
 
 VII.-CHUHCHES. 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF GOSHEN 
 executed a certificate of incorporation May 19, 1784, 
 in which the trustees named were William Bodle, 
 John Steward, John Wood, Joshua Brown, Jr., Sam- 
 uel Moffatt, Benjamin Conkling, David M. Westcott, 
 James W. Wilkin, and Thomas Borland. The paper 
 was signed by Saml. Carpenter and Reuben Hopkins. 
 
 There is ample evidence of a collateral nature to 
 show that the church of Goshen was organized as early 
 as 1721. The dates of legal papers conveying property 
 to the church of Goshen, and the regular call and set- 
 tlement of a pastor, establish this fact. There are, how- 
 ever, no church records in possession of the society 
 showing either facts, dates, or names for the succeed- 
 ing sixty years. The founders of the church were 
 doubtless in the main the founders of Goshen, and 
 their names may be inferred from the list of early 
 settlers, already given, and from the information which 
 families of the present time have in relation to their 
 ancestors, and this is all that can be given as to the 
 names of members prior to the Revolution. 
 
 For some reason not now apparent, the above cer- 
 tificate of May 19, 1784, was not considered sufficient, 
 as another one appears in a few months, executed Dec. 
 7, 1784. The meeting effecting this organization was 
 held at the meeting-house, and was called by Ben- 
 jamin Gale and Samuel Carpenter, two of the elders 
 of the church. The trustees chosen were Benjamin 
 Gale, John Carpenter, John Steward, Reuben Hop- 
 
 * An expected article, showing the connection of these schools with 
 those of the present time, has not reached ns. 
 
534 
 
 HISTORY OF OKANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 kins, Peter Gale, Henry Wisner, Jr., James Carpen- 
 ter, Joseph Wood, and Daniel Hall. The paper was 
 verified before Judge William Allison. 
 
 At the laying of the corner-stone of the present 
 house of worship, May 11, 1869, the pastor, Rev. Dr. 
 Snodgrass, read the following paper: 
 
 "The congregation of the I'reshyterian Cliurcli in Goshen hiive come 
 together to-day— the lllh of May, 1869, at 3 o'clock p.m.— to lay the 
 corner-stone of the third edifice erected by them for the worship of God. 
 They have been in existence in an organized form since the year 1720 : 
 and are therefore in the one Imndred and forty-ninth year of tlieir age 
 During this long period they have had Imt eight pastors, in addition to 
 the present incumbent, — a nnmbei' unusuully email when compared witli 
 the number of yeare of whicli this period consists. It makes the average 
 length of time during which their pastors have lived and labored among 
 them between sixteen and seventeen years. 
 
 " During the year 1720 there was preaching in the settlement occa- 
 sionally by a clergynnm whose name was Treat, and in 1721 a call was 
 made upon the Rev. John Bradner, who accepted the invitation, and was 
 installed during that year as the first pastor. He was ordained to the 
 ministry in 1714, and was settled for some years befoie his removal to 
 Goshen at Cape May, in the State of New Jersey. He died in 1732, and 
 his remains are with us to this day. 
 
 " Mr. Bradner was succeeded by the Rev. Silas Leonard, whose pastor- 
 ate extended to the year 1754, and was terminated by his decease. He 
 was succeeded by the Rev. Abner Brush, who was installed in the fall of 
 1758, and whose term of office covered a pei iod of between seven and 
 eight yeare. His connection with the congregation was dissolved by the 
 Presbytery in May, 176G. In the fall of the same year Rev. Nathan 
 Kerr was installed as pastor, and continued in office until his death in 
 1804:, a period of nearly thirty-eight years. Rev. Isaac Lewis was 
 called near the close of 1805, and was installed Jan. 1, 1806. His pas- 
 toral relation was dissolved in June, 1812. The Rev. Ezra Fisk, D.D.,* 
 was called in June, 1812, entered upon his labors in August of the same 
 year, and was installed April 21, 1814. He was dismissed on the second 
 Tuesday in September. 1833, and died Dec. 14, 1834. Before his dismis- 
 sion the pulpit was supplied for some time by Rev. John N. Lewis. Dr. 
 Fisk was succeeded in the pastoral office by Rev. James R. Johnson, who 
 was installed April 30, 1835, and was dismissed Oct. 17, 1839. The Rev. 
 Robert McCartee, D.D., was installed May 6, 1840, and resigned his 
 charge July 31, 1849. The present pastorate commenced shortly after- 
 wards, and if continued, by the favor of Providence, till the 7th of No- 
 vember next, will have reached the termination of its twentieth year. 
 
 "In 1724 a committee was appointed to superintend the erection of 
 the tirst house of worehip. There are no particulars on record us to the 
 character, dimensions, or completion of this building, but it is well 
 known to have been a wooden structure, and to have occupied the 
 ground on which the court-house now stands. It seems to have been 
 occupied for many years in a somewhat uufinisfaed state, as measures 
 
 * The following inscription is on the stone over the vault belonging to 
 the Presbyterian Church : 
 
 '* Here repose the remains of 
 Rev. John Bradner, 
 1 a native of Scotlantl, the first Pastor of the 
 
 Presbyterian Church of Goshen, 
 settled A.D. 1721. Died 1732." ^ 
 
 " also of 
 
 Rev. Nathan Ker, 
 
 His successor, who preached the Gospel 
 
 in this place for 38 years. 
 
 Died December 14, 1804, 
 
 aged 69 years." 
 
 "also of 
 
 Rev. Ezra Fisk, d.d., 
 
 who was born Jan. lu, 1785, 
 
 dt Sherburne, in Massachusetts. 
 
 Settled as Pastor of the Goshen Church 
 
 Aug. 13,1813. 
 
 Died December 14, 1804, 
 
 Aged 49 years," 
 
 This vault was on the grounds of the church, a little southwt-st of the 
 present edifice, and has beeu covered from sight in later years. 
 
 were taken, long after it was built, to have pewa constructed in the 
 gallery. Witli repairs and improvements from time to time, it continued 
 to accommodate the congregation up to the year 1810. In January of 
 thut year a committee was appointed to take into consideration the pro- 
 piiety of erecting a new building. Their report, favorable to the meas- 
 ure, was made, considered, and adopted on February 5th. On April 16th 
 a committee was appointed to draft a plan, and the edifice in which we 
 now worship wjis the result. An eflTort was first made to raise the neces- 
 sjiry funds by subscription, but this plan failing to produce a sufficient 
 ainonnt, was afterwards abandoned, and resort was had to a sale of pews 
 in the contemplated building, which took place on the last Thursday in 
 December, 1810. 
 
 " The structure took rank among the best and most expensive church 
 buildings of its time. The plan in the main, and especially that of the 
 pulpit, was taken from the Second Presbyterian Church in Philadel- 
 l)bia, worshiping at that time at the corner of Second and Arch Streets. 
 Its cost was §14,500. It was completed early in 1813, and was dedicated 
 in August of that year. During the fifty-six years of its existence there 
 have been but few Sabbaths on which it has not been opened for the 
 worship of God and tin; news of salvation publislied within its walls. 
 It is now waxing old, and is about to vanish away, but there cluster 
 around it sacred memories that will not die as long as any of Ibis gener- 
 ation shall live. It has been the scene of some of the most remarkable 
 displays of awakening and renewing grace which the churches in this 
 land have witnessed. In addition to other seasons of unusual interest, 
 during one year between SO and 90 stood up within its wails to i>rofess 
 their faith in Christ, and during another, 120; of this latter number 104 
 were received into the comniuiiion of the church atone time, 55 of whom 
 received the ordinance of baptism together. 
 
 " It is not, therefore, because we are wanting in veneration for the old 
 church, or ingratitude fur the service it has rendered in its day, that we 
 propose soon to give it into the hands of those who are to demolish it, 
 and thereby make room for the new structure which is rising by its side. 
 For seveial years it has been too small to accommodate all who have 
 desiretj to have a Sabbath-home under its roof. At tlie same time the 
 impression has become general that something more in accordance with 
 the architectural improvements of the last half-century is demanded by 
 a due regaid to the past history anil present character of the congrega- 
 tion, to the i)rominence, amplitude, and beauty of this plot of ground 
 on which they have always been accustomed to meet for the worship of 
 God, and to the favorable influence which an ample, commodious, and 
 even beautiful house of worship in this locality may be expected to exert 
 upon the interests of morality and religion in this community and in 
 the country around. It was thereftire declared by the congregation, in 
 a resolution passed July 21, 1866, to be ' proper and expedient that a new 
 church edifice be built.' Since that time the object aimed at in this 
 resolution has been kept in view. Various consultations have been had 
 as to what the new structure should be as to its character and cost. It 
 was imjwrtant, on the one hand, not to undertake what the congregation 
 were unable conveniently to accomplish ; and, on the other, to produce, 
 if possible, a stnicture which would adorn and beautify the eligible 
 ground on which it was to stand, and at the same time be best suited to 
 the wants and conveniences of those who were to worship in it for years 
 and perhaps for geneialions to come." 
 
 In pursuance of the plans submitted the new edifice was ei'ected. The 
 first contractor was W. A. Wilkison. The fii-st ground was broken Sept. 
 7, 18G8, and the firet stone laid the 28th. On July 7, 1869, Mr. Wilkison 
 abandoned the contract, and Peter H. Terhune, of Binghamton, was 
 employed to complete the edifice. 
 
 From the time Mr. Terhune took hold of the building of the church 
 till the last stone was laid, in September, 1871, there was no cessation of 
 the work. 
 
 The building committee were Rev. Di'. Wm. D. Snodgrass, Rev. Dr. 
 John A. Stuats, Ellis A. Post, D. J. Steward, John E. Howell, R. M. Vail, 
 and N. C. Sanford. 
 
 The trustees of the church were at that time Adam H. Sinsabaugh, 
 chairman; George M. Grier, clerk; Stephen Smith, John C.Wallace, 
 James S. Hopkins, Alfred Wells, George M. Sayer, Geoige H. Crans, and 
 John Wallace. The elders were Dr. John S. Crane, Hannibal M. Hop- 
 kins, Adam G. Crans, Adam H. Sinsabaugh, John 'N'alentine, and James 
 G. Thompson. 
 
 The new edifice was built of blue limestone, cut on the grounds, and 
 quarried from the Orange County farm, about four miles from the village. 
 The doorways, windows, and copings are of dressed Syracuse stone, very 
 closely resembling the dressed native limestone of which the upper por- 
 tions of both towers are built. The main tower was 186 feet high from 
 the ground. The bell, weighing with its appurtenances about 4000 
 
.-.5gJ iy AJI-W- 
 
 00'':l^^i-iM-(Yva 
 
 T' 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 535 
 
 pounds, was about 120 feet from the ground. It waa cast in Troy, N. Y., 
 and beare the inscription, " Holiness unto the Lord." Tlie clock was 
 about 130 feet from the ground, and a very excellent time-piece. It 
 was made by George M. Stevens & Co., Boston, and cobt, put up, S650. 
 The body of the church is capable of seating 1000 persons very com- 
 fortably. There is a gallery around both sides and the organ end of the 
 church. 
 
 The organ occupies the western end of the church, in the gallery. The 
 architectural design of the case is in conformity witli the church, made 
 throughout of solid black walnut, with gilded front pipes. Tlie [lulpit is 
 in the eastern end. It is approached by three steps at either side, from 
 within the church, and by side doory from vestibules connecting with 
 the two rear entrances. The commuuioo table iu front is of beautifully 
 judished black walnut, and bears, in beautifully-carved letters of lighter 
 colored wood, the inscription, " In remembrance of nie." 
 
 The ceiling is of wood, in panels, profusely ornamented with a variety of 
 brilliant colors. Tlie pews, pulpit, doors, wainscotings, etc., of the inside of 
 the church are of solid black walnut. The outer dooi"B are of heavy oak. 
 At the eastern end of the galleries are illuminated texts in golden let- 
 ters bearing these words : " Give unto the Lord the glory due unto His 
 name ; bring an offering, and come into His courts." — Ps. xcvi. 8. "0 
 come, let ns worship and bow down: let us kneel before the Lord our 
 maker." — Ps. xcv. G. 
 
 The windows are Gothic, and are of beautiful ^tuined glass, arranged iu 
 corresponding colors on opposite sides of the church. In addition to the 
 many beautiful designs and arabesques in colur, the windows have each 
 some fitting symbol or ecclesiastical design at the top. Some of these are, 
 we believe, fur the first time now introduced iuto the aichitectuie of a 
 Presbyterian church. Certainly such designs in stained-glass windowB 
 would not have been adopted or dreamed of by Presbyterians fifty years 
 ago, but a \\iser and more enlightened policy takes the good and beauti- 
 ful iu allegory, art, church, and Bible history, and keeps them as living 
 symbols of tlie faith from which they spring. Among tliese emblems 
 are the cross and crown, the Holy Spirit in the form uf a dove, the heart 
 and hand, the trefoil and other emblems of the Trinity, and even an 
 A'jinis Dei. Behitid the pulpit is a beautiful and large triplet window, 
 iu whiuh tlic richest colors of all are found. On this window are nearly 
 life-sized images of Christ, St. John (the beloved Apostle), St. Gabriel, 
 and St. Michael. The colors also bear at the bottom of the window the 
 following inscriptions : *' Lo ! I am with you alway, even unto the end." 
 "God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes." 
 
 The lecture-rotim is a wiug built on to the campanile, and is designed 
 fur the use of the Sunday-school and prayer-meeting. It is a very hand- 
 some room, beautifully frescoed overhead, and having very tasty win- 
 dows, and trefuil dormer-windows. This room will seat about 2(K) per- 
 sons. Tlie campanile is a tower about 70 feet high, standing between the 
 main edifice and the wing, and serves admirably to harmonize and add 
 to the effect of the front or side view of the whole structure. 
 
 At the rear of the main body of the church there are two turrets with 
 louvre windows, and over the large triplet window is a circular window. 
 ■With the foregoing description and the following table of meiwurements, 
 a pretty fair idea of the size and style of the edifice may be formed: 
 Extreme frontage, 114 feet; depth, 105 feet; width, G2 feet; height of 
 main gable, 63 feet ; area of campanile, lo by 15 ; lecture-room, 46 by 
 30; heiglit of lecture-room gable, 34 feet; windows, 21 by feet; 140 
 pews on main floor ; 48 pews iu gallery; 46 pews in lecture-room ; 4000 
 cubic yards of masonry ; there were 16,070 days' work done here, besides 
 considerable which was done abroad. 
 
 The architect was Daniel T. Atwood, of New York City. 
 
 The dedicatory services were held Nov. 22, 1S71. The sermon on the 
 occasiou, by Dr. Snodgrass, was from the text, "And I saw no temple 
 therein." 
 
 This beautiful edifice, thus completed and dedi- 
 cated, has had an unfortunate history in one respect. 
 The handsome tower, which was of neat and grace- 
 ful proportions, proved defective, and in a few years 
 it was found necessary to take it down rather than 
 incur the danger of its fall. This was done, and 
 its ruins lie upon and disfigure the otherwise fine 
 grounds. 
 
 A movement to rebuild the tower has been made 
 the present year. The sum of $9000 has been sub- 
 scribed, materials are being drawn (December, 1880), 
 
 and the work will doubtless be completed early in the 
 ensuing year. 
 
 The present organization (1880) consists of the fol- 
 lowing officers : Rev. Wm. D. Bnodgrass, pastor ; Rev. 
 Arthur Newman, assistant pastor; A. H. Sinsabaugh, 
 George Crans, Adam Crans, John Valentine, Dr. H. 
 H. Robinson, Daniel Carpenter, James Gabby, Charles 
 G. Elliott, ciders; Stephen Smith, Nathaniel Tuthill, 
 N. C. Sanford, Charles E. Millspaugh, J. W. Corwin, 
 N. J. Kelsey, B. R. Champion, R. C. Coleman, John 
 Wallace, trustees. 
 
 <;(tSHEX I'KKSTIYTKKIAN < IlfUCll. 
 
 It is said that the first Sabbath-school in Orange 
 County was held in the old Female Seminary at 
 Goshen. It was intended for the improvement of 
 slave children, and besides reciting Bible and cate- 
 chism lessons, reading and writing were taught. The 
 school prospered, and finally white children attended 
 it, and the school was removed to the Presbyterian 
 church. This was in the early days of the Rev. Dr. 
 Fisk's preaching. 
 
 Rev. Bekjamix Snoikirass (father of Rev, W. 
 D. Snodgrass) was born in Doylestown, Pa.; gradua- 
 ted at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, 
 and studied divinity under Rev. Dr. Sproat, pastor of 
 the Second Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia. He 
 settled in West Hanover, Dauphin Co., Pa., in 1784, 
 
536 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 where he remained pastor of the church until his 
 death, which occurred in 1846. 
 
 His wife, Martha Davis, of Philadelphia (the 
 mother of Kev. W. D. Snodgrass), was a successful 
 helpmeet of her husband in matters pertaining, to 
 his pastoral work. She had six children who survived 
 the period of infancy. One of the daughters became 
 the wife of a clergyman, and another became the 
 mother of three ministers, one of whom was the Rev. 
 Ashbel Green Simonton, who went as missionary to 
 Brazil, was the founder of the first Presbyterian 
 Church in Rio Janeiro, and died in early life, greatly 
 lamented by the church generally. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was the youngest but one 
 of the six children, and was born on June 30, 179(5. 
 His parents bestowed upon him much care and solic- 
 itude in regard to his mental training, and as a result 
 he resolved to devote himself to the service of Christ 
 in the work of the gospel ministry. With tiiis view 
 he remained in his father's family, attending a select 
 school in tlie neighborhood, where the usual branches 
 of an English education were taught. At the age of 
 fourteen he began the study of Greek and Latin, un- 
 der the tuition of the Rev. James Sharon, pastor of 
 the Presbyterian Church in Derry, Dauphin Co., Pa. 
 
 In the fall of 1812 he entered the sophomore class 
 in Washington College, Pa., graduated in 181.5, receiv- 
 ing the first honors of his class ; studied Hebrew 
 under the tuition of Rev. James R. Wilson, then of 
 Philadelphia ; entered the theological seminary at 
 Princeton in the summer of 1816, passing through 
 the entire course of study, and in the fall of 1818 ap- 
 peared before the Presbytery of Carlisle, and entered 
 on the usual trials for licensure to preach the gospel. 
 After leaving the seminary he filled an ajipointment 
 from the Young Men's Missionary Society of New 
 York for the period of six months, in the section of 
 country lying south of the James River, and between 
 Norfolk and Petersburg, Ya. 
 
 At the request of Dr. Alexander, visited the Pres- 
 byterian Church at Fayettevillc, N. C, afterwards re- 
 ceiving a call to be its pastor; was ordained to the 
 work of the gospel ministry ; installed pastor bj' the 
 Presbytery of Fayetteville July 30, 1819. 
 
 During the winter of 1822 received a call to the 
 Independent Presbyterian Church of Savannah, Ga. 
 (Rev. Dr. Kollock's, deceased.) Filled this pulpit 
 until the summer of 1823, when he received a call 
 from the Session of the Murray Street Church, New- 
 York (Rev. Dr. Mason). Arrived in New Y'ork Au- 
 gust, 1823, and was installed pastor by the Presbytery 
 of New York the same year. 
 
 Married, Dec. 9, 1823, to Miss Charlotte H. Moder- 
 well, of Lancaster, Pa., a niece of William Kirkpat- 
 rick, of the same place, who was an elder of the Pres- 
 byterian Church, who had superintended her educa- 
 tion in the seminary under the care of Mr. Judson, in 
 Philadelphia, and who was an active and liberal friend 
 to all Christian institutions and interests. 
 
 The above pa.storate continued for about ten years, 
 during which time (in the year 1826) the degree of 
 Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by Colum- 
 bia College. After leaving the Murray Street Church, 
 he was elected and served as assistant secretary of the 
 Board of Domestic Missions for the period of about 
 two years, the field of labor being in the States of New 
 York and New Jersey ; after which was called to the 
 pastorate of the Second Street Presbyterian Church, 
 in Troy, and installed as its pastor Oct. 3, 1834, for 
 the period of about ten years. In the spring of 1844 
 called to found the new church built by Mr. James 
 Lennox, in Fifteenth Street between Irving Place and 
 Third Avenue; installed its pastor March 15, 1845, 
 laboring in building up this (then) waste place for 
 five yeare, besides serving as a member of the Exec- 
 utive Committee of the Board of Foreign Missions. 
 
 Received a call in the summer of 1849 to the Pres- 
 byterian Church in Goshen, N. Y., made vacant by 
 the I'esignation of the Rev. Robert McCartee, D.D. ; 
 pastoral relation with the church in New York dis- 
 solved by Presbytery Oct. 8, 1849; installed by the 
 Presbytery of Hudson on the 7th day of November, 
 1849, preaching his inauguration sermon on the en- 
 suing Sabbath. From the date of the beginning of 
 this pastorate up to the present time has faithfully 
 fulfilled all of its requirements, passing through 
 scenes of the Spirit's quickening power, dedicating a 
 new church, celebrating his golden wedding, witness- 
 ing the leveling and raising of the church steeple, 
 and at a green old age of eighty-five fulfilling ac- 
 ceptably with an assistant all the duties and require- 
 ments of a full pastorate, and patiently waiting for 
 that last summons to "go up higher." 
 
 His grandfather, James Snodgrass, whose parents 
 came from the north of Ireland about 1700, settled 
 in Doylestown, Bucks Co., Pa. There his father, 
 James Snodgrass, was born in 1761. 
 
 ST. J.\MES' EPISCOPAL CUCRCH OF GOSHEN 
 
 eflected a legal organization March 27, 1801. Rev. 
 Frederick Van Home, rector of the Episcopal Church 
 of St. Andrew's, presided at the meeting, and the fol- 
 lowing oflicers were chosen, whose names appear in the 
 certificate: William Wickham and William Thomp- 
 son, wardens ; Christian Hurtin, Anthony Dobbin, 
 Jacobus DeKay, Joseph Drake, George D. Wick- 
 ham, Thomas DeKay, William JI. Thompson, Dr. 
 John Gale, vestrymen. In the absence of any statis- 
 tics from the officers, we have obtained the following 
 items from Mrs. Charles T. Jackson. The succession 
 of pastors includes the names of Rev. Messrs. Smith, 
 Cadle, Hubbard, Kingsbury, John F. Clark, James 
 Mallaby, Jesse H. Spencer, Wm. Page, John T. Cush- 
 ing, Stephen Thrall, John Robinson, Albert Wood, 
 Edmond S. Rowland, and the present pastor. Rev. 
 Wm. Delancey Grannis. 
 
 The first house of worship was a plain wooden 
 building, erected soon after the formation of the 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 537 
 
 church. It stood upon the site occupied by the hand- 
 .some edifice in which the society now worship. The 
 latter was erected in 18.52-53, and Rev. Mr. Gushing, 
 tlie pastor under whose leadershij) the work was com- 
 pleted, preached the dedicatory sermon. The contrac- 
 tor was Mr. Brown, of Florida, and it is understood 
 that the expense was about !?lo,000. A few years 
 since a chajiel was added to the church, conveniently 
 arranged for Sunday-school and for miscellaneous 
 purposes. The church also have a rectory, consti- 
 tuting a handsome and convenient residence for the | 
 pastor, which cost nearly $7000. 1 
 
 The interior of the church is handsomely furnished. 
 A new organ has recently been placed in it, and all 
 the appointments are in keeping with the sacredness 
 of the place and the ritual of the church. Upon the 
 walls there is a very handsome tablet to the memory 
 of Mr. George 1). Wickham, for a long time warden 
 of the church, and one to his wife, Bridget Wickham, 
 erected by their nephew and heir, Charles B. Hofl'man, 
 son of Ogdcn Hoffman, Esq. There is also a tablet 
 to the memory of Henry B. Wisner, who was for 
 many years a warden of the church. The rich com- 
 munion set of solid silver was presented by Martha, 
 daughter of Henry B. Wisner, as a memorial of her 
 sister. Alma Wisner. 
 
 The church has a vested fund of about $4000, 
 donated by the will of Mr. Wickham, the interest of 
 which is used towards the support of the rector. 
 
 The present organization (December, 1880) con- 
 sists of Rev. W. I). Grannis, pastor ; George C. Mil- 
 ler, warden (the senior warden, Mr. John ,T. Smith, 
 has recently died, and the vacancy has not been filled) ; 
 J. F. Matthews, Wm. T. Russell, William M. Sayer, 
 Henry C. Duryea, David F. Gedney, A. S. Murray, 
 Herbert Gedney, vestrymen ; J. W. Gott, Sunday- 
 school superintendent. 
 
 The church has no debt, owning its valuable i)rop- 
 erty free of all incumbrance. 
 
 Mr. Charles T. Jackson was very active in support 
 of this church, a heavy and regular contributor, and 
 a warden for over thirty years. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF GOSHEN. 
 
 In 1776 there was but one church in the town of 
 Goshen, worshiping in a small, unfinished building, 
 without steeple, standing near the location of the 
 present court-house, and occupied, according to a 
 former grant of lands for that purpose. The majority 
 being Presbyterians, the service was conducted ac- 
 cording to their forms and by the oflicers of their de- 
 nomination. Their pastor at this date was the Rev. 
 Nathan Kerr, who lived two miles northeast of the 
 village, where he owned a house and seven acres of 
 land, and had the use of the church lands, consisting 
 of about 160 acres. A parsonage was commenced for 
 him in this village about 1802, in which he died two 
 years later, 1804. The Rev. Isaac Lewis was his suc- 
 cessor. During his pastorate the officers of the church 
 36 
 
 gave some offense in administering discipline, or in 
 general management, and the Episcopalians formed a 
 parish of their own. About this time William Sey- 
 mour (a slave) was converted under the preaching of 
 Rev. John Robertson, of the New Windsor Circuit, 
 and joined a class at Craigville, where he attended 
 preaching, prayer- and class-meetings. He was a 
 zealous worker, full of the Holy Spirit, and was after- 
 wards licensed to preach. He died in Oxford, Octo- 
 ber, 1846, leaving a good record of a useful life. 
 About 1810 James Cunningham bouglit a house in 
 Goshen village, on what is now Greenwich Street, 
 and here, in company with Mr. Seymour and a few 
 others, kept up regular prayer- and class-meetings for 
 a few years, when Mr. Cunningham sold out and left 
 the place. 
 
 In 1811, William Goldsmith, from the old Bethel 
 Methodist Chui'cb, built a house two miles north of 
 Goshen village, and as soon as it was inclosed invited 
 the ministers of New Windsor Circuit to make it a 
 regular appointment, which they did for some years. 
 In the absence of a minister, Mr. Goldsmith, Mr. Sey- 
 mour, Isaac Denton, of Ridgebury, Smith Benedict 
 and James Manny, of Phillipsburgh, and some others, 
 kept up interesting prayer- and class-meetings. In 
 the mean time Rev. Isaac Lewis left the Goshen 
 Church, and Rev. Ezra Fisk succeeded. There were 
 converts from time to time, through the efforts of the 
 Methodist ministers and other workers. These for 
 some years united with the old church of Goshen. 
 
 In 1822, Mr. Goldsmith seeing no prospect of estab- 
 lishing a Methodist Church, applied for and received 
 admission into the Goshen Church. He was accepted, 
 not on a certificate nor on confession of faith, but as a 
 Methodist. He there maintained an excellent stand- 
 ing for a half-century under the Presbyterian minis- 
 ters Fisk, J. R. Johnson, Robert McCartee, and for a 
 quarter of a century under the preaching of his es- 
 teemed friend. Rev. William D. Snodgrass. He died 
 Feb. 14, 1877, aged ninety years. In 1823, Rev. John 
 Kennedy, a Methodist minister, preached regularly in 
 the school-house of the Goldsmith district. He, and 
 others succeeding him, occasionally ])reached in the 
 old stone court-house at the village during the next 
 fifteen years, down to 1838, when Revs. Seymour 
 Landon and Thomas Newman preached regularly 
 Sunday evenings at the same place. 
 
 After the old court-house was taken down there was 
 no convenient place for meetings. In 1844 some one 
 hired the ball-room in the old Orange County Hotel, 
 and preachers from Sugar Loaf Circuit — Rev. Messrs. 
 Runnels, Van Duzen, and Blakesley — preached there. 
 The room was uncomfortable, and meetings had to be 
 discontinued at the approach of cold weather. 
 
 In 1S4.5 application was made for the use of the 
 old Farmers' Hall Academy, but it was not granted. 
 Permission was, however, obtained to use an unoccu- 
 pied l)uilding in the churchyard, known as the Goshen 
 Female Academy. Here services were maintained 
 
538 
 
 HISTORY OF OKANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 by Rev. Edward Oldren, C. H. Dibble, and John P. 
 Herniiiiice re^uhirly euili Sunday eveiiiiif);. 
 
 At the meeting of the New Yorlv Conference of 
 1847, Rev. Cliarles Isliam was appointed to take 
 charge of the work at Goshen. A church organiza- 
 tion was completed July 26, 1847. The trustees 
 chosen were Matthew Koons, Oliver B. Tuthill, Wil- 
 liam McCoy, Sr., Samuel Beyea, Charles W. Reevs. 
 William McCoy, Sr., was nuide chairman, O. B. Tut- 
 hill treasurer, and C. If. Reevs clerk. 
 
 The site for a house of worship was purchased of 
 the widow of George D. Wickham, Nov. 22, 1847, 
 90 by 100 feet, for $100. The edifice cost S2769.14. 
 At the dedication a balance of S2.")4.57 which was 
 unjinividcd for was ]>romptly raised, and the society 
 began its labors in the new house out of debt. The 
 dedication was Aug. 30, 1848. The money for the 
 erection of the church was quite largely raised in 
 small sums, there being about two liundred subscrip- 
 tions of one dollar or less. There were a few sub- 
 scriptions of large amount, — ( ). B. Tuthill, $130; Asa 
 D. .lanscn, $3r) ; M. Koons, $51 ; A. S. Murray, $25. 
 
 The early members of the church are shown by the 
 class record of 1848,— Oliver B. Tuthill,* leader; El- 
 mira Tuthill, William O'Neal, Asenath O'Neal,* 
 John Conklin, Phebe M. Conklin, Hannah Case,* 
 Samuel J. I'urdy,* Simeon (Joldsniith,* Matthew 
 Koons, ,Iane Koons, James McCoy, Lydia .T. Meafoy,* 
 David E. Ca.se,* Cynthia Caldwell,* Sarah Beyea, 
 William L. Langrege,* Mary Langrege. Nicholas 
 Messenger,* Martha Odell, ]Mary FuUerton, Catha- 
 rine Little. 
 
 The successive ministers have been as follows,. the 
 appointments being for the spring of each year 
 named : 
 
 1S48, Kev. Cliarlps Islmui ; 1S49-5(I, Rev. Heury Lounsbury; 1851-52, 
 Kev. 0. V. Amuieriuim ; 18.'>:!-5+, Rov. Totei- C. Oakley ; 1865, Rev. 
 George K. Kerr; 1856-57, Rev. Wm. Bluke ; 1858-511, Rev. Thomas 
 B. SllliHi; 18C1)-C1, Rov. Will. Ostnuuicr ; 18(52, Rev. Jlotthow Van 
 Du7.eu ; 1863-04, Rev. Tlioiniis W. Clirroy ; 1865-06, Rev. Klias E. 
 Osborii; 1807-08, Kev. J. W. li. Wood; 1869, Rev. J. Chester Hoyt; 
 18711-72, Rev. Z. N. Lewis ; 187:1-75, Rov. E/ru Tinker ; 1876-77, Rev. 
 I). II. Ilniilialiurgh ; 1878-80, Rev. J. W. Selleck. 
 
 The pre.sent oificers (December, 1880) are : Pastor, 
 Rev. J. W. Selleck ; Leaders, Oliver B. Tuthill, Henry 
 B. Montanye; Stewards, Wm. A. BlcCoy, C. E. 
 Wright, Will. H. Snyder, J. W. Dayton, "Wni. V. 
 Ray, S. F. Barnes, T. T. llettield, N. C. Coleman, M. 
 G. Lewis ; Trustees, F. H. Reevs, Wm. V. Ray, J. A. 
 Holbert, George McEwen, O. B. Tuthill, T. T. Het- 
 field, T. L. Kyte ; Sunday-school superintendent, 
 John W. Dayton ; Assistant, Coe L. Reevs. 
 
 A noted revival may be mentioned as occurring in 
 1850, meetings being held from January IPth to the 
 latter i)art of March. The movement was very ex- 
 tensive, about (iOO having been understood to obtain a 
 hope, but many of them united with several surround- 
 ing churches. Anotli'er very noted revival may be 
 
 > sun living. 
 
 mentioned as occurring in 1873. There have been 
 several other years when considerable religious inter- 
 est was manifested, and several new members were 
 added to the church. 
 
 THE SEPARATE METHODIST CHURCH OF GOSHEN. 
 
 This body executed a certificate of incorporation 
 June 29, 1849. The meeting was held at the old 
 brick academy, so called, then being u.sed as a district 
 school-house. The proceedings were signed by George 
 W. Harding and John W. Green. The trustees 
 chosen were George W. Harding, Robert Thorne, and 
 Ebenezer Green. 
 
 The church was organized Dec. 20, 1847. At that 
 time, or previous to that time, the colored people of 
 (xoshen had no church of their own, or no religious 
 society of any kind. There were a few persons there 
 at that time who were members of a white Methodist 
 Church, — some three or four,— -and there were about 
 the same number behmgingto the Presbyterian Church, 
 but the remainder, numbering 150 or more, were not 
 church-members or church-goers. Peter W. Brister, 
 a member of the Colored Separate Methodist Congre- 
 gational Church of Philadelphia, Pa., came to Goshen 
 in the spring of 1847. He was a traveling missionary 
 of the church mentioned above, and seeing the de- 
 plorable condition that the colored people were in, 
 and being aware that they had no church organiza- 
 tion of their own, concluded to consult the ministers 
 of the dillerent white churches on the subject of call- 
 ing the colored people together and establishing a 
 Separate Methodist Congregational Church. He was 
 advised by them to do so, they promising to use their 
 influence and to do what they could to forward the 
 enterprise. The names of these men are here men- 
 tioned, so that it m.ay be seen that the interest that 
 they took in the welfare of the colored people in 
 Goshen was not in vain, nor have their good deeds 
 been forgotten. They were the Rev. Dr. McCartee, of 
 the Presbyterian Church ; the Rev. J. T. Cushen, of 
 the St. James' Episcopal Church ; and the Rev. Chas. 
 Ishani, of the Methodist Episcojial Church. Being 
 thus encouraged. Brother Brister began to preach 
 in the old brick academy on Greenwich Street, a little 
 above where the post-office now is, and in December 
 of the same year he organized a society of eight or 
 nine members. 
 
 In the spring of 1848 the Rev. David James, of 
 Philadelphia, came to tioshen, having previously 
 preached and established several societies in New 
 Jersey and Pennsylvania. During his preaching in 
 1848 and 1849 nearly 40 persons were added to tlie 
 society, and it was about this time he came to the 
 conclusion that it was best to purchase a lot and build 
 a church, and for this purpose the congregation was 
 duly called together in the summer of 1849, a board 
 of trustees chosen, and a lot purchased with a build- 
 ing on it, on what is now called High Street, for the 
 sum of $300. Subscriptions were made out, and col- 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 539 
 
 lectors appointed to raise tlie funds in the surround- 
 ing neigliborliood to purchase the liouse and ground. 
 Those clergymen of the white churches previously 
 mentioned each signed their names to the subscrip-' 
 tion. Among those who were appointed to collect 
 for that purpose were Rev. J. W. Green, G. W. Har- 
 den, Joshua Swartout, Sylvester Jervis, and others. 
 By this means the house and lot were soon purchased, 
 and dedicated to the service of Christ in the spring of 
 1850. Such was the beginning of the Separate Meth- 
 odist Congregational Church in Goshen. 
 
 Rev. J. W. Green is the present pastor (December, 
 1880). Services have been steadily maintained from 
 the date of organization to the present time. 
 
 THE AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL ZION 
 CHURCH OF GOSHEN 
 
 was organized a few years subsequent to the Separate 
 Methodist Church. They erected a house of worship 
 on West Main Street, and maintain regular services. 
 Rev. Mr. Prime is now the minister in charge. 
 
 CATHOLIC CHORCH OF GOSHEN. 
 This church has been in existence in Goshen for 
 many years, and is understood to be doing a vigor- 
 ous work. It has a comfortable house of worship, in 
 which a large congregation gather for the services of 
 the Sabbath. The pastoral residence is a handsome 
 and costly edifice, standing on one of the finest streets 
 in Goshen, and from which most delightful views ex- 
 tend in every direction. The pastor is fortunate in 
 the possession of this pleasant dwelling. Other 
 charges have from time to time been connected with 
 Goshen, and the village has been the centre from 
 which much Catholic influence has extended to other 
 parts of the county. The present pastor. Father 
 Keoghan, is in the prime of active life, devoted to his 
 calling, and administers the affairs of the parish with 
 great ability and success. For some reason which we 
 do not understand, there is an apparent reluctance to 
 furnish information by pastors of this denomination, 
 a fact which will sufficiently account for the absence 
 of more extended histories in this as well as in other 
 instances. 
 
 VIII.-BUEIAL-PLACES. 
 
 The earliest burial-place in Goshen was doubtless 
 upon what are now the public grounds around the 
 Presbyterian church, the clerk's office of the county, 
 and the Miuisink monument. 
 
 There may have been sufficient reasons for the ob- 
 literation of this old historic graveyard, but they 
 hardly satisfy the descendants of those whose remains 
 were buried there, and whose monuments, even if they 
 were rude, bore undoubtedly some dates and names 
 that were inevit.ably lost in the wholesale destruction. 
 It is sometimes claimed that all the stones with names 
 were removed to Slate Hill or otherwise saved, but 
 this can hardly be possible, when three or four still 
 
 lie around the church, and none are at Slate Hill of 
 such age as must have stood in this yard, laid out in 
 1721. The finding of a Townsend monument in re- 
 cent years, the striking of human remains the present 
 year in the excavations near the county clerk's office, 
 and many other incidents, all tell a story of lost 
 graves, lost names, and lost dates. 
 
 SLATE HILL CEMETERY ASSOCIATION 
 
 was incorporated Oct. 8, 1861. The chairman of the 
 meeting held to organize was Simon Bradley, and 
 the secretary Samuel S. Wickhani. The trustees 
 named in the certificate were James F. Dolsen, 
 Benjamin W. Bradley, Alva Bennett, Daniel Reeve, 
 Theophilus Dolsen, William M. Dolsen. Owing to 
 some alleged informality in the proceedings of 1861, 
 or for other reasons, a new organization took place at 
 a meeting held in the Presbyterian church, April 19, 
 1867. John S. Crane was appointed chairman and 
 George M. Grier secretary. The trustees named were 
 Thomas Edsall, G. M. Grier, Ellis A. Post, Henry 
 Merriam, John J. Heard, S. L. H. Jackson. The 
 proceedings were verified by the officers before 
 Charles J. Everett, notary public, April 27th, and 
 recorded the same day. This was simply organizing 
 under the modern law for the control and manage- 
 ment of the Slate Hill burial-ground, which had 
 been in use from about the year 1795. The older 
 portion is on the higher ground at the further end 
 from the road. The newer portions, down the hill 
 and next the street, are laid out with some view to 
 landscajje adornment, though but little attention is 
 given to mowing and trimming the lots. It is evident 
 that there are also very man)' unmarked graves. In 
 some parts the rows of mounds lie thick, with neither 
 name nor date. 
 
 THE WESTCOTT BURIAL-PLACE. 
 There are a few graves near the court-house, on the 
 grounds of Mrs. Denton, sometimes mentioned by the 
 above name. 
 
 CEMETERY OF THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 This is in a beautiful section of the village, and is 
 pleasantly situated. It seems to have been opened 
 for use about 1810 or 1812. The old Wickham family 
 vault was located there, and used earlier than the es- 
 tablishment of the general burial place. The ground 
 is in very good condition, though it needs much more 
 care than it is receiving in the way of mowing, trim- 
 ming, etc. 
 
 THE WEBB BURYING-GROUND 
 is situated about a mile southwest of Goshen village. 
 This comprises an old part and a new, both in a fair 
 condition. 
 
 THE VAN DUZER FAMILY LOT, 
 a mile and a half south of Goshen, dates back to 
 early times, and is to some extent kept in repair. 
 
5i0 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 THE HAIGHT FAMILY CEMETERY, GOSHEN, 
 was incorporated by a certificate executed Feb. 4, 
 1873. D. Henry Haight was chairman of the meet- 
 ing held for oi'ganization, and Henry G. Piffard 
 secretary. The trustees named were David Henry 
 Haight, Henry G. Piffard, and Charles H. Haight. 
 There is a mausoleum erected at a great expense, and 
 located at the junction of JIain Street with the road 
 leading to Newburgh. The cemetery proper is 
 some distance from this structure, and is neatly 
 walled. It incloses the early dead of the Jansen 
 family, with others of the same neighborhood. 
 
 THE CASE FAMILY 
 
 burial-place is about a mile beyond the line of the 
 corijoration. 
 
 THE CATHOLIC BURIAL-PLACE 
 occupies a fine site of excellent sandy soil for burial 
 purposes. It needs much additional care to render 
 it the place of beauty it might be. Its very high 
 mounds and deep-cut walks are inconvenient for the 
 mowing and trimming which can alone keep a burial- 
 place in that clean, neat condition which should indi- 
 cate the love of the living for the memory of the 
 dead. 
 
 THE WALLKILL VALLEY CEMETERY ASSOCIATION 
 executed a certificate of association Nov. 14, 1859. 
 Samuel W. Tryon was chairman of the meeting held 
 to organize, and Oliver B. Tuthill secretary. The 
 trustees named were Daniel C. Wisner, Benjamin 
 Hulse, Oliver B. Tuthill, Noah Gregory, William P. 
 Smith, .James S. Hopkins, William Jackson, John P. 
 White, and William A. Booth. This is on the east 
 side of the Wallkill, not far from the Goshen line. 
 It is in excellent preservation, is laid out in lots, has 
 several fine monuments, and one family vault. It is 
 within the town of Wallkill. 
 
 At the county house there is the burial-place of 
 the poor who die while being supported at the public 
 expense on the Orange County farm. 
 
 At Conklingtowu there is an old burying-ground, 
 dating back to early times, and fenced with some care 
 in later years. 
 
 The Bradner family lot is in the south part of the 
 corporation or near the line. This is in good preser- 
 vation. 
 
 On Pro.spect Hill was an old burial-gnmnd, prob- 
 ably not very large, — an almost forgotten place. Mr. 
 O. B. Tuthill is of the opinion that bodies were re- 
 moved from there to some extent. Remains were, 
 however, found in excavating for gravel recently. 
 This was the Townsend ground. 
 
 On the Craigville road is the Vail burying-ground, 
 still in use, and receiving some care as to its preserva- 
 tion, j 
 
 The Ramsey ground is further east, not far from the 
 line of Chester. 
 
 The Thompson burial-place in the south part of I 
 
 the town is an old ground, where many of the pioneers 
 were buried- 
 
 On the Bradner farm, so called, southwest of 
 Goshen, there are a few graves carefully fenced. 
 
 IX.-TOWN SOCIETIES, LIBRARIES, BANKS, 
 INCORPORATIONS, Etc. 
 
 ORANGE COUNTY LODGE, No. 45, F. i A. M., 
 was organized March 12, 1796. The officers of the 
 present lodge are not in possession of any informa- 
 tion concerning it, but it had a prosperous existence 
 for some years. The present lodge is modern in its 
 origin. It was preceded for some years by a lodge of 
 Odd-Fellows, the leading members of which entered 
 into the movement to found a Masonic lodge. 
 
 THE GOSHEN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 
 was formed Aug. 9, 1831. The trustees named in the 
 certificate were Ezra Scott, Nathan Kingsbury, Isaac 
 R. Van Duzer, Samuel Wilkin, John J. Smith, Albert 
 S. Benton, John 8. Crane, John E. Phillips, William 
 Horton, Jr. This library was established according 
 to this certificate, and maintained for a time quite a 
 collection of valuable works. They, however, disap- 
 peared after a few years and the institution died out. 
 
 THE GOSHEN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Nov. 9, 1858. 
 The trustees named were Ambrose S. Murray, Henry 
 Merriani, George M. Grier, Benjamin F. Edsall, John 
 C. McConnell, John C. Wallace, Benjamin F. Duryea, 
 Stephen L. H. Jackson, and William Murray. John 
 C. McConnell was chairman of the meeting. They 
 organized " for the purpose of erecting a public 
 library." This movement was not continued. It was 
 designed to secure a public building for literary pur- 
 poses, includingalibrary,liall, and reading-rooms, but 
 the encouragement was not sufficient to justify fiirther 
 effort. 
 
 THE GOSHEN GAS-LIGHT COMPANY 
 effected a legal organization Sept. 13, 1867. The 
 capital stock was fixed at 130,000, divided into shares 
 of thirty dollars each. The first directors named in 
 the instrument were Robert H. Berdell. David H. 
 Haight, A. S. Murray, Thomas Edsall, George M. 
 Grier, Ellis A. Post, John E. Howell, John Wallace, 
 Henry Merriam. It was organized " for the purpose 
 of supplying gas for the streets and for public and 
 private buildings in the village of Goshen," and its 
 time of duration was stated at fifty years. For various 
 reasons this organization did not enter into business 
 nor construct buildings. 
 
 The Go.shen Gas-light Comi)any now supplying the 
 village was chartered in July, 1879. The officers then 
 chosen and still in office were J. W. Hodges, presi- 
 dent, William Blakeman, secretary and treasurer. 
 The franchise was obtained from the trustees by Mr. 
 B. Van Steenbergh, conferring the right to manufac- 
 ture gas in the village, lay gas nuiins along the streets. 
 
 /f 
 
e>i^ 
 
 > 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 541 
 
 supply private and public buildings, and light the 
 streets. The buildings were erected in July, August, 
 and September, 1879. In the manufecture of gas 
 a new method was adopted known as " the Averell 
 Water Gas Process." It has been a great success and 
 has been adopted by the Singer Sewing Machine Com- 
 pany, Elizabethport, N. J., in Norwood, Mass., and is 
 now being introduced into EUenville, Ulster Co. The 
 gas-works were built by the firm of A. Vanderweiken 
 & Co., of which Mr. Van Steenbergh was a member. 
 The latter, desiring to enter into the foundry enter- 
 prise mentioned elsewhere, retired from the manage- 
 ment of the gas-works, and Mr. Vanderweiken is now 
 the principal stockholder and the manager in charge. 
 Four and a half miles of mains have been laid. The 
 company supply at the present time seventy-two cus- 
 tomers and sixty-nine street lamps. 
 
 ORANGE COUNTY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COM- 
 PANY, GO.SHEN, 
 
 was reorganized April 16, 187.5, by papers filed in the 
 office of the county clerk. 
 
 The commissioners appointed by the State depart- 
 ment to examine the affairs of the institution were 
 Matthew H. Robertson, George C. Willis, of Albany, 
 and George W. Green, of Goshen. The authoriza- 
 tion by the department was granted by Orlen W. 
 Chapman, superintendent of insurance, Aug. 16, 1875. 
 This institution thus newly authorized by the State 
 department has a history of considerable age, and is 
 one of the only two county mutual insurance compa- 
 nies remaining in the State, the other being that of 
 Duchess County. The Orange County Mutual was 
 organized under a charter which was granted March 
 15, 18.37. The directors named in the act were Isaac 
 E. Van Duser, Horace W. Elliot, John J. Smith, John 
 E. Phillips, John S. Crane, John B. Booth, Charles 
 Monell, John Bailey, John W. Smith, Miles Hughes, 
 Henry S. Beakes, Robert Denniston, Stephen W. 
 Fullerton. The officers were John S. Crane, presi- 
 dent ; Miles Hughes, vice-president ; David M. West- 
 cott, secretarv ; Charles Monell, attorney and coun- 
 selor; John Bailey, general agent. The first policy 
 was issued to Jonas King, of the town of Chester. 
 John S. Crane continued president until his death. 
 Jan. 13, 1876, Benjamin F. Edsall was chosen to that 
 office ; he resigned March 3, 1879, and was succeeded 
 at that date by Henry Bacon, the present incumbent. 
 David M. Westcott, the first secretary, continued in 
 office until his death. May 14, 1841, Horace W. 
 Elliott was appointed his successor; he also remained 
 in the office until his death. Oct. 8, 1863, John C. 
 Wallace was appointed as the successor of Mr. Elliott; 
 he resigned March 3, 1879, and on the same date Dud- 
 ley Murray, the present incumbent, was appointed. 
 The present directors (December, 1880) are George 
 W. Sanford, F. H. Reevs, B. C. Sears, W. D. Van 
 Vliet, A. B. Post, R. C. Coleman, N. H. Sanford, 
 John C. Wallace, A. S. Dodge (deceased, vacancy 
 
 not filled), H. A. Wadsworth, Ellis A. Post, Henry 
 Bacon, John R. Halstead, Wm. M. Murray, J. W. 
 Convin. Wm. M. Jlurray is the present vice-presi- 
 dent, and E. S. Turner is general superintendent. 
 
 NATIONAL BANK OF ORANGE COUNTY. 
 This institution was originally chartered in the 
 winter of 1812 as "The President, Directors, and 
 Company of the Bank of Orange County." The or- 
 ganization was made June 7, 1813, and the first board 
 of directors comprised the following names: Richard 
 Trimble, George Monell, John Barber, Abraham 
 Schultz, James W. Wilkin, George D. Wickham, John 
 Duer, David W. Westcott, John (i. Hurtin, Moses 
 Phillips, Jr., John Bradner, Alanson Austin, and 
 Reuben Hopkins. George D. Wickham was chosen 
 president and continued in that office until November, 
 1845. He was succeeded by Ambrose S. Murray, who 
 is the present incumbent, after a service of thirty-five 
 years in that position. Henry A. Townsend was 
 cashier from the organization until July 31, 1813, 
 when James W. Wilkin succeeded temporarily. He 
 was followed, Sept. 3, 1813, by Morris Robinson, who 
 remained cashier until June 2, 1820. Jonathan Bur- 
 rill was then appointed and served until April 19, 
 1824. Henry Seward was then chosen cashier, and 
 he continued in that capacity until Aug. 1, 1834. Am- 
 brose S. Murray then served until November, 1845. 
 On his election to the presidency, as above noted, 
 Thomas T. Reeve became cashier, who continued until 
 April 3, 1857. William T. Russell then served until 
 November 27th of that year. He was succeeded by 
 Charles J. Everett, the present cashier-. George W. 
 Murray is the present vice-president, and George A. 
 Denniston clerk. 
 
 At the reorganization of 1832, the board of direc- 
 tors comprised the following: George D. Wickham, 
 John W. Smith, Moses Phillips, Isaac Jennings, Hud- 
 son McFarlan, D. H. Moffatt, Jr., I. R. Van Duzer, 
 Samuel Williams, Oliver Davis, James W. Wilkin, 
 James Hulse, Isaac Van Duzer, Richard Trimble. 
 
 The bank was reorganized Jan. 1, 1862, under 
 the General State Banking Law. The directors at 
 that date were Albert S. Murray, George M. Grier, 
 Richard M. Vail, George F. Talman, Algernon S. 
 Dodge, Wm. H. Houston, George T. Wisner, Wm. F. 
 Sharpe, Charles B. Hoffman, John H. Morris, George 
 Mapes, John Wallace. 
 
 The present directors (December, 1880) are A. S. 
 Murray, A. S. Dodge, Charles J. Everett, George W. 
 Murray, R. M. Vail. 
 
 The original capital paid in was $105,600. At the 
 new organization of 1862 the amount was increased to 
 $110,000. The institution became a national bank 
 Jan. 1, 1865. The banking-house was originally " up 
 town," at the place which is now the residence of Am- 
 brose S. Murray. * There it remained for forty years. 
 
 * It was temporarily opened first in the parlor of the house now owned 
 by Charles J. Everett. 
 
542 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 In 1853 the present building was erected. It is not 
 large and showy, according to the modern usage in 
 the erection of banks, but is nevertheless a very con- 
 venient building. The stock of the bank is valuable, 
 the price for any shares which may happen to be put 
 upon the market reaching to $180 and over ; in one 
 instance 1200 is said to have been paid. 
 
 It has been able to declare large dividends through 
 all its history, and especially during the last fifteen 
 years. It represents a long and honorable career. The 
 management has been conservative. Unity of control 
 has produced its usual valuable results. There have 
 been but two presidents in a period of sixty-seven 
 years ; and Mr. Murray's term of service in this bank 
 approaches very nearly to half a century. 
 
 Ambrose S. Murray. — Among the influential and 
 substantial business men of Goshen is Hon. Ambrose 
 S. Murray, who was born in the town of Wallkill, 
 Orange Co., N. Y., Nov. 27, 1807, .and for the past 
 fifty years has been closely identified with the finan- 
 cial and business interests of the county, and the 
 growth and prosperity of Goshen, where he has spent 
 most of his active business life. 
 
 His paternal grandfather, George Murray, was 
 born at Inverness, Scotland, and emigrated to Amer- 
 ica while a young man, as a soldier in the British 
 army. He settled at Reading, Pa., where he married 
 a Miss Snyder, and subsequently removed to Orange 
 County, where he reared a large family of children, 
 and where he spent the remainder of his life. His 
 children were Alexander, John, George, William, 
 James, Jacob, David, Charles, and one daughter, all 
 of whom were married and reared families. 
 
 William, son of George Murray, born in Orange 
 County, in 1773, married Mary Ann Beakes, of the 
 same county, who died in 18-17, aged seventy-two 
 years. He died in 1849. He was a farmer by occu- 
 pation, and resided in the town of Wallkill, where 
 for many years he was an active and influential 
 citizen. He was among the zealous and devoted 
 members of the Baptist Church of that town, and 
 officially identified as deacon. 
 
 In matters of religion and education he was a man 
 always interested in their propagation, and a liberal 
 contributor in their permanent establishment and 
 prosperity. 
 
 He was identified politically with the Democratic 
 party, and although naturally of a retiring disposition 
 he held various places of trust and responsibility in 
 his town, and was chosen one of the Presidential 
 electors in New York State, to cast his vote for James 
 K. Polk for President of the United States. 
 
 His children are Archibald Y. ; Sally, who became 
 the wife of William A. Sayer; Cynthia, who became 
 the wife of Jonas Hulse; Amelia, wife of Tustin 
 Moore, of Orange County; William; Edmund B. ; 
 Ambrose S. ; Mary Ann, wife of Gabriel Dunning, of 
 Wantage, Sussex Co., N. J. ; and Henry B. 
 
 Ambrose 8., son of William Murray, and subject of 
 
 this sketch, spent his boyhood on the home farm, 
 and in obtaining such an education as the common 
 schools then attbrded. 
 
 Coming as he did from a Scotch ancestry, he in- 
 herited that resolution and force of character that 
 early in life gave him a place among business men, 
 and made him esteemed for his integrity and early- 
 developed business ability. 
 
 At the age of seventeen he became a clerk, at 
 Middletown, N. Y., in the store of his uncle, Stacey 
 Beakes, where he remained until the year 1831, when 
 became to Goshen as clerk in the Orange County Bank. 
 Here was an opportunity for his business qualifica- 
 tions to develop, and such was the confidence reposed 
 in him by its directors, that in 1834 he was elected 
 its cashier, which place he creditably filled until the 
 death of its president, George D. Wickham, in 184.i, 
 when he was chosen president of the bank, which 
 position he has held since, a period of thirty-six 
 years. 
 
 Before the reorganization of this bank under the 
 national banking law, and while transacting business 
 under its cliarter from the State, its bills were printed 
 upon fine yellow tinted paper, which in consequence 
 of their peculiar color, and tlie locality from which 
 they originated, were known not only throughout the 
 county, but the country, as " butter money." 
 
 Mr. Murray's yellow money, in consequence of his 
 strict integrity and business capacity, was considered 
 wherever and whenever presented equal to gold, and 
 many of these notes may still be found in the posses- 
 sion of those who sacredly treasure them as memen- 
 toes of the past. 
 
 For a short time prior to the reorganization of the 
 Wallkill Valley Railroad, and continuously since 
 that time, Mr. Murray has been one of its directors. 
 
 He was a director of the Erie Railway for fourteen 
 years ending in 18()7, and is one of the directors of 
 the " Farmers' Loan and Trust Company" of New 
 York. He was formerly identified with the old Whig 
 party, and upon the organization of the Republican 
 l)arty in 1856 he was active in the propagation of its 
 principles, and has since unswervingly advocated its 
 progressive measures. He was elected county trea- 
 surer, and served for three years beginning with 1851. 
 
 In the fall of 1855 he was elected in the Tenth Con- 
 gressional District of New York to the Thirty-fourth 
 Congress, and by re-election was a member also of 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress of the United States. 
 
 Mr. Murr.ay married, in 1830, Frances, daughter of 
 Henry G. Wisner, a prominent lawyer of Goshen, 
 whose wife was Sarah Talman. The children born 
 of this union are Ellen, widow of the late John V. 
 Beam, Jr., for many years a merchant in New York 
 City ; George W., who carries on mercantile business 
 in New York, and ofliciates as vice-president of the 
 National Bank of Orange County, at Goshen, of 
 which his father is president ; Wisner Murray, who 
 for several years was in the bank at Goshen with his 
 
^'^t-liyA-kMiord-^ 
 
 ^(fi^^yt^i 
 
 y 
 
543 
 
 
 in accordance witl • at that 
 
 \ formal u 'rs was hi 
 
 \\\ " 
 and the 
 
 Ai lUf \':r ■■ mr.-^ directors, held on 
 
 vole ror . 
 
 . lie w: 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 543 
 
 father, died in 1876, aged thirty-two years ; Ambrose 
 S., Jr., a graduate of Trinity College, i.s a practicing 
 lawyer in New York ; Russell, was graduated at 
 Trinity College, and is a merchant in New York; and 
 Francis W., who, after graduating at Yale, was grad- 
 uated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 
 New York, and by appointment is a surgeon in the 
 Chambers Street Hospital of that city. Both George 
 and Wisner Murray served in the late Rebellion ; en- 
 listed and went out with the Seventh New York 
 Regiment. 
 
 THE GOSHEN NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 The preliminary meeting for organization was held 
 Sept. 6, 18.51. It was called by the subscribers to the 
 stock, and there were present Barret Ames, B. F. Ed- 
 sall, John S. Crane, Charles Reevs, Henry Merriara, 
 AVilliam M. Graham, Henry S. Beakes, and Alex- 
 ander Wright. Barret Ames, chairman. A resolu- 
 tion was passed directing a certificate of organization 
 to be filed in accordance with law ; the name at that 
 time being "The Goshen Bank." 
 
 A formal meeting of stockholders was held Sept. 
 13, 1851, to complete the organization. Jeremiah 
 Knight, of Monroe, was appointed chairman, and 
 William Montgomery secretary. All the steps neces- 
 sary to open the bank for business were then taken, 
 and the following board of directors chosen : Henry 
 S. Beakes, Benjamin F. Edsall, John S. Crane, Ga- 
 briel Seely, Jeremiah Knight, Marcus Sears, Alex- 
 ander Wright, Henry Merriam, Charles M. Reevs, 
 Barret Ames, Peter Townsend. 
 
 At the first meeting of the directors, held on the 
 same day. Barret Ames, chairman, Alexander Wright 
 was duly elected president, and William L. Beakes 
 appointed cashier. The bank was opened for busi- 
 ness Nov. 12, 1851. Mr. Wright continued in office 
 until his resignation, Nov. 17, 1857 ; and under the 
 same date, William Murray was chosen his successor. 
 He served until his death, Aug. 25, 1875. Aug. 31, 
 1875, William T. Russell was chosen president, and 
 is the present incumbent (December, 1880). He had 
 previously served as vice-president for several years. 
 
 Mr. Beakes, the first cashier, served until his resig- 
 nation, Nov. 21, 1857. He was succeeded by William 
 T. Russell, chosen the same day. He continued cashier 
 until April 9, 1866, when he resigned, and was suc- 
 ceeded by William M. Murray, the present incumbent 
 of that office. Charles S. Edsall served as teller from 
 ■ November, 1866, to November, 1879, when he was 
 succeeded by John Ogden Smith, the present teller. 
 The present board of directors (December, 1880) 
 comprises the following names : William T. Russell, 
 Benjamin F. Edsall, Henry Merriam, James Durland, 
 Nathan C. Sanford, George Grier, AVilliam M. Mur- 
 ray. 
 
 The change to a national bank was made under the 
 authorization of the comptroller of the currency, 
 bearing date July 8, 1865. The bank commenced 
 
 doing business under this authority soon after. The 
 business was first transacted in the building now 
 owned by John Sturtz ; not long after it was moved 
 to the building now owned by L. and W. Poppino, 
 on Main Street. 
 
 The present building was erected by the bank in 
 1869, and occupied in April, 1870. The expense of 
 the lot, building, and fixtures was about $15,000. 
 The capital of the bank was originally established at 
 1110,000, in shares of $100 each, and remains the 
 same at the present time. Since Nov. 17, 1857, in 
 addition to making large semi-annual dividends, the 
 bank has accumulated a surplus of $22,000, and of 
 other undivided profits, $26,000. The stock of this 
 bank is exceedingly valuable, bringing at times when 
 put upon the market $160, and one sale was made a 
 short time since at $162. .50. The bank building is a 
 very fine edifice of modern construction, with high 
 ceiling and a convenient arrangement of rooms. It 
 has a burglar-proof vault with walls of great thick- 
 ness, and closed with the latest improved chronometer 
 lock. 
 
 Hon. William Murray. — His paternal grand- 
 father, George Murray, was born at Inverness, Scot- 
 land, and while a young man came to America as a 
 soldier in the British army. He resided at Reading, 
 Pa., but for many years prior to his decease was a 
 resident of Orange County, where he died. His wife 
 was a Miss Snyder, who bore him eight sons and one 
 ! daughter, of whom William was father of our sub- 
 ject, and was born in Orange County in 1773. Wil- 
 liam Murray was a farmer in the town of Wallkill, 
 an active and influential citizen of the county, and 
 one of the deacons in the Baptist Church where he 
 resided. 
 
 Politically he was a Democrat, and by that party 
 in the State was honored as one of the Presidential 
 electors to east his vote for James K. Polk. He died 
 in 1849. His wife, Mary Ann, a sister of Stacey Beakes, 
 died in 1847, aged seventy -two years. Of their family 
 of five sons and four daughters, William, subject of 
 this memoir, was second son, and was born in the 
 town of Wallkill, near Middletown, Orange Co., Oct. 
 1, 1803. He obtained a good education in boyhood 
 in the schools of his native place, and at about the 
 age of sixteen began his business life as a clerk in 
 the store of his uncle, Stacey Beakes, of Middletown, 
 N. Y., where he laid the foundation for business ca- 
 pacity for which he afterwards became so distinguished. 
 He subsequently became a clerk in a dry goods 
 jobbing-house in New York city, and after a few years 
 became a member of the partnership, under the firm- 
 name of Ira Smith & Co., in which successful busi- 
 ness relation he remained until 1841, when he re- 
 moved to Goshen, where he continued to reside, with 
 the exception of ten years spent at Phillipsburgh on 
 his farm, until his death, which occurred Aug. 25, 
 1875. 
 
 For more than thirty years after his early retire- 
 
544 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ment from a prosperous mercantile career, Mr. Murray 
 was a resident of Goslien and vicinity, and during 
 the mostof tliose years he occupied in the community 
 positions of trust and responsibility. Public and 
 private interests were largely committed to his care 
 and watchfulness, and it is faint praise of him to say 
 that he was true to every trust, and that if he had 
 enemies, the most censorious of them could not point 
 to one instance wherein infallible judgment and per- 
 fect integrity failed to govern his actions. 
 
 In 1850 he was elected to Congress on the Demo- 
 cratic ticket, and served in the Thirty-third Congress. 
 By re-election he was a member also of the Thirty- 
 fourth Congress of the United States, and none de- 
 served a higher position than Mr. Murray for ability, 
 sound logic, sagacity, and unspotted integrity. 
 
 During his second term he was called upon to cast 
 his vote upon Mr. Douglas' Territorial bill, which 
 involved the repeal of the Missouri Compromise Line 
 of 1820. The position was not void of embarrass- 
 ment. Mp. Murray had been elected, at the time of 
 President Pierce's election, by the suffrages of the 
 Democrq,tic party. Mr. Pierce favored the bill, and 
 his party showed a disposition to sustain him in such 
 support. Mr. Murray's support was eagerly sought 
 and strongly urged by the administration. The Pres- 
 ident and the cabinet held him in high estimation, 
 and knew that his name would be a tower of strength 
 if it could be procured to indorse the new policy. But 
 to Mr. Murray the line of duty did not seem to lie in 
 that direction, and no inducement availed to secure 
 his co-operation in the disturbance of this long-sanc- 
 tioned compromise. His opposition was steady, vigi- 
 lant, and unyielding, and his vote was cast against 
 the Douglas bill on its final passage, and for this he 
 was read out of his party. He was instrumental in 
 the organization of the Eepublican party, and gener- 
 ally afterwards acted with it. 
 
 On the expiration of his second term he returned 
 to his farm on the banks of the Wallkill, and there 
 remained until 1857, when he was called to take the 
 presidency of the Goshen Bank. How useful and 
 skillful he was in this new tield of labor, the success 
 of the bank demonstrated before his decease ; and the 
 flourishing financial condition of that institution over 
 which he jjresided was in a great measure due to his 
 foresight and good management. 
 
 His sterling patriotism deserves grateful mention. 
 He was not only liberal in his monetary contribu- 
 tions towards the conduct of our late civil war, but 
 he further contributed two of his sons to the defense 
 of the nation's honor, thereby making his patriotism 
 practical. He loved his fellow-men, and he was al- 
 ways, and to all, just, generous, and true. The close 
 of his life was marked by a universal expression of 
 personal bereavement. 
 
 Mr. Murray married, July 13, 1837, Ellen Maria, 
 only daughter of Capt. White and Abby (Robert- 
 son) Matlack (formerly spelled Matlock), of New 
 
 York City. She w:is born May 22, 1809, and had 
 an only brother, Robert R. Matlack, who was for 
 several years a merchant in New York, and died in 
 middle life in Virginia. Her father was a sea-faring 
 man all his life, traded between Lisbon and Cadiz for 
 several years, and for thirty years he traded between 
 New York and Liverpool. This was in the early part 
 of the century, and his business was done in sailing 
 vessels. He was born in Philadelphia, Feb. 16, 1778, 
 and die<l in New York about 1834. His wife survived 
 him only about two years. Her paternal grandfather. 
 White Matlack, born at Hatten Field, N. J., Nov. 7, 
 1745;(0. S.), married, June 21, 1768, Mary Hawks- 
 hurst, who was born on Long Island, at Hempstead 
 Harbor, Nov. 22, 1747. 
 
 The progenitor of the Matlack family, a Quaker, 
 emigrated from Derbyshire, England, and settled at 
 Philadelphia about the time of the settlement of Wil- 
 liam Penn ; and one of his descendants, Timothy, was 
 father of the last named, White Matlack. 
 
 Mrs. Murray's mother, Abby Robertson, was born 
 at Portsmouth, N. H., and her grandfather, Robert 
 Robertson, was a native of Dalkeith, Scotland. 
 
 The children of William and Ellen Maria Murray 
 are William M., who began a clerkship in the Goshen 
 Bank in 1863, and was elected its cashier in January, 
 1866, which position he retains in 1881. 
 
 Maj. Henry Spencer Murray enlisted in the Sev- 
 enth New York State Militia, which was employed 
 to guard Washington in the beginning of the late 
 civil war, and subsequently to guard Baltimore. In 
 the fall of 1862 he raised a company for the One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regiment of Volun- 
 teers, and joined the Army of the Potomac ; w-as in 
 the battle of Chancellorsville, in May, 1863, where 
 he was wounded and captured, but afterwards par- 
 oled. At the battle of Gettysburg, the major and 
 colonel of his regiment being killed, he was promoted 
 from captain to the rank of major, and assigned to 
 duty at the camp of paroled prisoners at Annapolis, 
 where he remained until regularly exchanged, about 
 January, 1864. He again joined the regiment, and 
 followed the events of the army until the battle of 
 Boydton Road, Oct. 27, 1864, when he was again 
 wounded, captured, and placed in Libby Prison, 
 where he remained until about the close of the war, 
 when he was regularly discharged. He never recov- 
 ered from the effects of his first wound, and died at 
 Goshen, March 6, 1874. 
 
 Robert R. Murray enlisted in 1862, in the company 
 commanded by his brother, Capt. Henry S. Murray, 
 and remained in constant service until the close of the 
 war. He was wounded at the battle of Chancellors- 
 ville in the hand, but recovered from its effects, except 
 the loss of a finger. He was regularly discharged 
 upon the closing of hostilities, returned to Goshen, 
 and has been engaged in mercantile business there 
 for the past six years. The youngest of this family 
 of children is Miss Abby M. Murray. 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 545 
 
 William T. Russell. — His paternal ancestors 
 were early settlers in New England, and his great- 
 grandfather once owned the land where New Bedford, ' 
 Mass., is located. His father, John W., sou of Hum- 
 ]ihrey and Berthia (Wady) Rnssell, settled in New 
 York City wliile a young man, where he married 
 Frances M., daughter of Samuel Talman. 
 
 He was an enterprising business man of New York 
 for many years, where he was engaged in shipping in- 
 terests, and he is said to have established the first line 
 of sailing packets between that city and New Or- 
 leans. In 182!) he settled in the town of Goshen, Or- 
 ange Co., where he was engaged in agricultural pur- 
 suits until his deatli, which occurred in 1842. His 
 wife survived him, and died in IS.'SS. 
 
 Their children are Edward C. ; Phebe A., wife of 
 .John D. Monell, of New Y'ork ; and William T. Russell, 
 who was born in New Y'"ork, Dec. 12, 1821, and was 
 therefore eight years of age when the family settled in 
 Orange County. 
 
 He received a sound, practical education during his 
 minority, being for some time a pupil of the well- 
 known scholar and teacher. Rev. Clarkson Dunn, of 
 Newton, N. J., and was also a student at Hartford 
 grammar school. Leaving school in 1840, for three 
 years he remained at home on the f;irm. From 1843 
 to 18.37 he was a partner with David Redfield in the 
 dry-goods trade in Goshen. 
 
 In 18.57 he was chosen cashier of the Orange 
 County Bank, but after serving for a few months he 
 accepted the position of cashier of the Goshen Bank, 
 which place he satisfactorily filled until the sj>ring of 
 1865 and resigned. He acted as vice-president of that 
 bank from January, 1870, until August, 1875, when, 
 upon the death of its president, Hon. William Murray, 
 he was chosen president of the bank, which position 
 he retains in 1881. 
 
 GOSHEN SAVINGS-BANK 
 was organized under a special act passed April 11, 
 1871. The meeting to organize under the act was 
 held April 14th, and the bank was opened for busi- 
 ness May 1, 1S71. The first depositor was Cliarles H. 
 Westervelt. 
 
 The first trustees were E. A. Post, Henry Morrison, 
 A. B. Post, Benjamin F. Ed.sall, Lewis Cuddeback, 
 George D. Wilson, Charles W. Thompson. E. A. 
 Post was chosen president, B. T. Edsall first vice- 
 president, Henry Merriam second vice-president. 
 These officers continue to the present time (Decem- 
 ber, 1880). Other members of the board now are 
 Dudley Murray, Henry Bacon, Charles J. Elliot, 
 Charles M. Thompson, A. B. Post, Lewis Cuddeback. 
 
 The first secretary and treasurer was Lewis Cudde- 
 back. He was succeeded by Dudley Murray, the 
 present incumbent of that office. 
 
 The amount of deposits Dec. 1, 1880, was $192,- 
 380.35. 
 
 X.-PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEREST. 
 
 These are mostly the old homesteads, around which 
 family traditions cluster. There are neither battle- 
 grounds nor encampments of armies to be traced in 
 Goshen. The central part of the village is a place 
 fruitfiil in suggestions of the past. Courts of justice 
 were held liere a hundred and fifty years ago. Here 
 is where the earnest discussions that preceded the 
 Revolution occurred. Here the symbol of royal su- 
 premacy was broken by the hammer of a sturdy pa- 
 triot, whose hatred of kingly authority did not wait 
 for the breaking out of the war. Tradition points to 
 the spot also where Claudius Smith was executed, not 
 far from the present band-stand at the lower corner 
 of the park. The Orange County Hotel occupies the 
 site of the court-house of 1738, and a portion of the 
 wall belonging to the early building constitutes a part 
 of the present south wall of the hotel. There are 
 doubtless some other ancient structures in the village, 
 but nearly all have given way to buildings of modern 
 times. 
 
 THE OLD WESTCOTT WELL. 
 
 This was found forty years ago or more on the land 
 of David M. Westcott, in Goshen village. It was sev- 
 eral feet. beneath the surface, and covered carefully 
 with a large flat stone. Beneath that it was regularly 
 stoned up. It has been suggested that it was dug by 
 Frencli explorers traveling from north to south soon 
 after the discovery of this country ; but there is no 
 proof of tliis, nothing but conjecture. 
 
 It has been supposed that it was dug, stoned up, 
 and covered by early surveyors, about the time of 
 Christopher Denne's settlement, perhaps earlier, per- 
 haps later ; that it was near one of their temporary 
 cabins, in which they lived while surveying. They 
 needed such a well ; made its covering somewhat 
 down in the ground, which in after-years became 
 easily covered and lost during the early cultivation 
 of the field. 
 
 There has also been another supposition : that dur- 
 ing the colonial period, either in the war of 1756 or 
 earlier, a rude block-house fort or building of some 
 kind for protection was erected by the people of 
 Goshen at this point, and that this well was sunk 
 within the fort as an absolutely secure source of water 
 in case of an attack, or especially a prolonged siege.* 
 
 If buildings and places of historical significance 
 are few, it is evident, from the collection of relics at a 
 Martha Washington tea-party in 1876, that certain 
 families of Goshen are in possessi'on of many curiosities 
 of the past. Among these may be named the origi- 
 nal assessment-roll of 1775, copied for this county 
 history, O. B. Tuthill ; a wooden trunk of 1620, 
 Victor M. Drake; deed from Cadwallader Colden to 
 AVm. Bull, 1723; black-flint Indian pestle. Miss Fanny 
 Denton ; salt-cellar from the " Mayflower," Mrs. 
 
 • This wonderful discovery was probably only the uncovering of an 
 old well dug for the first minister's residence, and needs no historic ex- 
 planatiou. 
 
546 
 
 HISTOllY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Moody; copy of the Declaration of Independence, 
 printed in Boston on cotton, 1776, Miss Ethalinda 
 Drake ; snutf-box one hundred years old, Silas 
 Horton ; a silver token, which the newspaper that 
 we quote from gravely affirms was given by Queen 
 Anne to the Reformed Church at Neelytown, 1710,* 
 Mrs. James P. Hoffman ; deed from John Tuthill and 
 David Horton to Barnabas Horton for a farm in 
 Goshen, 17.30. There were many others, "too numer- 
 ous to mention." Mr. Montauye, of the Goshen Inde- 
 pendent, has a small collection of old newspapers, 
 very valuable, — Goshen Repository, vol. ii. No. 570, 
 Dec. 31, 1799, in mourning for Washington; The 
 Orange Patriot, vol. ii., Aug. 4 and Aug. 11, 1801 ; 
 Goshen Repository, Sept. 26, 1797. 
 
 XI.-INDUSTKIAL PURSUITS. 
 
 Goshen is very similar in its agricultural capabili- 
 ties to the other towns in the central part of the 
 county. The surface is rolling or moderately hilly. 
 The soil is good, and many valuable farms abound. 
 The labor of the industrious farmer is rewarded in 
 every part of the town by abundant crops. All the 
 .grains usual to this section of the country are success- 
 fully produced. The trade in milk is extensive, and 
 the conveniences for daily shipment to New York are 
 excellent, by means of the Erie Railroad, the Wall- 
 kill Valley and the Pine Island branch of the Erie. 
 Much attention is given to the raising of fine cattle, 
 and many choice specimens may be seen upon various 
 farms in all parts of the town. Superior horses are 
 bred in Goshen. A driving-track at the village 
 affords a convenient place for testing their speed, and 
 during quite a portion of the year horses may daily 
 be seen in training, whose value would often excite 
 the astonishment of a stranger unacquainted with 
 Orange County stock. 
 
 It ought to be added that recently the Drowned 
 Lands, in Goshen, are now being devoted to onion 
 culture ; that the product, both in size, quantity, and 
 quality, rivals the best Chester onion-fields, and it is 
 confidently expected th.at a much greater culture of 
 this fragrant esculent may be expected in this town. 
 
 ORANGE COUNTY AGRICULTUR.^L WORKS. 
 This is an old-established foundry, William V. 
 Ray proprietor. The line of works consists of agri- 
 cultural implements and a general foundry business. 
 Mr. Ray also manufactures small steam-engines of 
 four or five horse-power. He has made for some 
 years a specialty of iron fence, and sends out from 
 his establishment very fine specimens of work. 
 
 GOSHEN BRICKYARD AND TILE-WORKS. 
 This business was begun about 18(58 by Jacob W. 
 Hayne and John Wallace. Mr. Peter Hayne became 
 associated in the business in 1870, and five years later 
 
 * Queen .inoe died in 1714, and the Neelytown Church was formed in 
 1765. 
 
 became sole proprietor. The line of work consists 
 of brick, both common and pressed, drain tile and 
 glazed tile of large size. The clay deposit is abund- 
 ant, lying convenient to the works, and of excellent 
 quality. 
 
 THE RIDER ENGINE COMPANY OF GOSHEN 
 was organized by a certificate filed Nov. 12, 1879. 
 The object of said association was stated to be " the 
 manufacture and sale of engines, and the carrying on 
 of a general foundry and machine business." The 
 capital stock is $90,000, divided into ninety shares. 
 
 The trustees named in the instrument were Wil- 
 liam M. Sayre, Henry Merriam, Jason W. Corwin, 
 and Frank A. Merriam. The manufactory is located 
 at Walden, in the town of Montgomery. The com- 
 pany from which they purchased was Rider, Wooster 
 & Co. The business had been under their manage- 
 ment for six or seven years. 
 
 PLANING-MILLS. 
 There have been two in operation at times in 
 Goshen village, but neither of them are now in ope- 
 ration, though the buildings are standing. 
 
 GOSHEN FOUNDRY AND GAS MACHINERY COM- 
 PANY. 
 
 This is a new enterprise, and is an imiwrtant addi- 
 tion to the business interests of Goshen. The com- 
 pany was organized in May, 1880. The officers are 
 B. Van Steenbergh, president; H. H. Paulsen, treas- 
 urer; George E. Dougherty, secretary'. The capital 
 stock is S40,000. The buildings were commenced 
 about the middle of April, and completed in Sep- 
 tember. The company secured a convenient lot of 
 nearly three acres, lying near the Erie Railroad. A 
 branch track is laid through their property, supplying 
 facilities for shipment at the foundry. The buildings 
 are constructed in the best manner, and furnished 
 with the latest improved machinery. The material 
 used in erecting them is brick. The machine build- 
 ing is 40 by 70 feet, and in part two stories high; 
 the foundry is 40 by SO ; the carpenter- and pattern- 
 shop, 20 by 90. There is also a handsome office ele- 
 gantly fitted up ; it is 16 by 22, and two stories in 
 height. Business was commenced about the 1st of 
 October, 1880. Twenty-five hands are employed, and 
 the works are in active operation. They are built of 
 such capacity as to allow the proprietors to increase 
 the business to any extent which the demands of the 
 future may require. The line of work is that of a 
 general foundry, but the manufacture of gas ma- 
 chinery is given special attention. 
 
 The managers are men of energy, and the enter- 
 prise is already attracting an excellent line of custom. 
 Orders for work to the amount of $16,000 were re- 
 cently received in a single day. The company have 
 erected a handsome block of dwellings for their em- 
 ployes, comprising eleven separate tenements. They 
 have also built two dwellings of wood. In the erec- 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 547 
 
 tion of all the buildings upon the property regard 
 has been had to beauty of exterior as well as to 
 solidity of construction and convenience. 
 
 CREAMERIES. 
 These will, perhaps, be too common in Orange 
 County soon for any special notice. There are four 
 in this town, — one by Carpenter Howells, at Goshen ; 
 one by Bailey & Co., near the Orange County farm ; 
 one by John A. Ryerson, near the village ; and one 
 at Conklingtown, by Youngs, Wells, and others. 
 
 XII.-MILITAHY. 
 Considerable military interest seems to have existed 
 in Goshen from the earliest settlement. Solomon 
 Carpenter was lieutenant-colonel in the regiment of 
 1738, under command of Col. Vincent Matthews. 
 James Thompson was quartermaster, and Michael 
 Jackson adjutant. In all military matters Goshen 
 was a rallying-point. Doubtless soon after the settle- 
 ment every .able-bodied man was enrolled in the 
 militia, and trainings and military drills took place at 
 Goshen. It was not, however, until some years after 
 the first settlement that any troubles arose which 
 called the militia of Goshen into actual service. 
 
 OLD FRENCH WAR. 
 Goshen became very early the most important, 
 populous, and publicly-known place in the county, 
 and its people were called upon to take an active 
 part in all matters of a public character or which 
 concerned their interests. These events were largely 
 of a warlike character, commencing with the aggres- 
 sions of East New Jersey as early perhaps as 1730, 
 then continued through the old French and Indian 
 war, and so down to the Revolution and the battle of 
 Minisink, in each and all of which the inhabitants of 
 this region turned out with alacrity, and discharged 
 their duty with good will and patriotic honesty. In 
 relation to these services in the French and Indian 
 war, it may be said that they were principally on the 
 frontiers of Orange and Ulster, and in the northern 
 part of the State. (See General History.) 
 
 REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 
 
 During this struggle Goshen was an important 
 point of military preparation, as it had been in the 
 colonial period. For the names of those who became 
 soldiers in that war we refer to the old militia-rolls 
 or other papers of the General History. The one en- 
 gagement in which Goshen had so large a share and 
 suffered so severely was the battle of Minisink. For 
 convenience, we treat of that in connection with the 
 obsequies to the memory of the fallen in the battle of 
 Minisink in 1822. 
 
 Public interest in gathering up the remains of the 
 slaughtered heroes of that fearful struggle seems to 
 have received the first public expression in November, 
 1821. A communication appeared in the Independent 
 Jiepublican, signed " Vindex Mortuorum." At a pub- 
 
 lic meeting held at the house of Jesse Edsall, in 
 Goshen, Nov. 14, 1821, Hon. James Finch was called 
 to the chair, and Jesse Wood, Jr., appointed secretary. 
 A committee to gather up the bones was named, con- 
 sisting of John Hathorn, Thomas Waters, Nathan 
 Arnout, Jacobus Swartwout, .Tames Reevs, Daniel 
 Myers, Henry G. Wisner, Maj. James Tusten, Mi- 
 chael A. Jones, Alsop Vail, John Barker, Col. Ben- 
 jamin Webb, Dr. David R. Arnell, James W. Car- 
 penter, Jesse Wood, Jr., Thomas Jackson, James 
 Burt, Col. Benjamin Dunning, Col. Jonathan Bailey, 
 James Finch, Jr., Peter E. Gumaer, and James Van 
 Vleet, Jr. 
 
 Committees were appointed in each town to solicit 
 donations to meet the expenses of obtaining the bones, 
 'interring them, and erecting a monument over the 
 graves. These committees were as follows: Goshen, 
 G. D. Wickham, James W. Carpenter, Amzi L. Ball, 
 Townsend Seeley, Daniel H. Denton ; Warwick, 
 Samuel S. Seward, Robert Farrier, James Wheeler, 
 Jesse Wood, Jr., Stephen A. Burt ; Minisink, George 
 Phillips, Peter Holbert, Joshua Sayre, John T. Jan- 
 sen, Jr., Increase B. Stoddard; Wallkill, Erastus 
 Mapes, Jacob Dunning, William Phillips, Joshua 
 Horubeck, Adam Millspaugh; Deerpark, James 
 Finch, Jr., Isaac Otis, Martin L. Corwin, Abraham 
 Cuddeback, Benjamin Van Inwegen ; Monroe, Robert 
 Fowler, George Wilkes, Benjamin Cunningham, 
 Joseph R. Andrews, Israel Green ; Cornwall, Wil- 
 liam A. Clark, Nathan Westcott, Isaac Van Duzer, 
 Oliver Gridley, Elihu Hedges ; New Windsor, Rob- 
 ert B. Burnet, Joseph Morrell, Samuel Brewster, 
 William Sly, Charles Ludlow; Newburgh, Isaac Bel- 
 knap, William Wear, Jr., Cornelius Wood, Alexander 
 Ross, Daniel Tooker; Montgomery, John Blake, 
 Samuel Hunter, David Strahan, Moses Crawford, An- 
 drew Bedford; Blooming-Grove, Selah Strong, Hec- 
 tor Craig, Moses Ely, William Horton, Henry Seeley. 
 
 The following is taken from the Independent Repub- 
 lican of April 29, 1822 : 
 
 " .\11 the bones that could be found of the brave men who fell in the 
 battle of Minisink were collected from the battle-ground on Wednesday 
 last, arid brouglit to the village on the day following. They are now in 
 the possession of the committee, with whom they will renniiii until the 
 anniversary of the day upon which tiie battle was fought. 
 
 "In securing the bones neitlier pains nor expense were spared. The 
 party traveled about forty miles the first day, and half of that distance 
 was a complete wilderness. They put up for the night at Mi-j-. Watkins', 
 who lived about six miles from tlie battle-ground, to which they pro- 
 ceeded the next morning. Some left their horses behind, it beiug very 
 difficult to get along with a horse. The country around was a complete 
 wilderness, scarcely exhibiting a trace of human footsteps. The battle 
 was commenced on the banks of the Delaware, opposite the mouth of 
 the Lackawack, and terminated about three-quarters of a mile from the 
 river. It was a matter of astonishment to many of the party when they 
 weie shown the course taken by our troops. Some of the descents are 
 really frightful. Most of the bones were found on the grouud where the 
 battle was fought; but some were found some distance away, which 
 undoubtedly belonged to the wounded who had died with hunger and 
 fatigue." 
 
 Proguamme of the Exercises .\nd the Order of the Funeral 
 Procession, July 2'.^, 1822. 
 
 At the separation of forty-three years the bones of forty-four of our 
 fellow-citizens who were slain at the battle of Minisink by the Indians 
 
548 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 have been collected, and will be deposited in the old burjiiig-ground in 
 the village of Goshen, 
 
 The special conioiittee have agreed upon the following arraugemeuts 
 for rendering fnueral honors to the remains of those who fell in that 
 battle : 
 
 1. Maj. AVorth is appointed marshal of the day, and all orders pro- 
 ceeding from him will be respected and obeyed accordingly. 
 
 2. Col. Faulkner and Cupt. Ball are appointed aides to the marshal of 
 the day. 
 
 3. It is requested tliat stores, otfices, and other places of business be 
 closed, and that no carriages or persons on horseback appear on the 
 street through which the i)roces8ion is to pass from the commencement 
 thereof to the end. 
 
 4. It is recommended to tiie citizens, as well as those in the procession, 
 to be silent during the solemnities of the day. 
 
 5. The general order of the procession will be four deep. 
 
 6. The line of the procession will form on the street between James 
 W. Carpenter's store and tlie house of Jeremiah Drake, and will proceed 
 thi'ough the Main Street to the junction of the roads near the house of 
 Alfred Ely ; thence to the Orange Hotel ; and thence to the Pre.sbyterian 
 church, through which they will pass to the place of interment. 
 
 7. On the arrival of the front of the procession at tlie gate opposite 
 the church the whole will halt upon a signal for that purpose, and open 
 to the right and left tu admit the biers and procession, according to the 
 order of the marshal of the day. 
 
 8. During the movements of the procession minute-guns will be fired 
 aud the village bell tolled. 
 
 9. Signal-guns will be fired in the following order: 
 
 1. Three guns will be fired in quick succession at sunrise to an- 
 
 nounce the solemnities of the day. 
 
 2. One gun will be fired at eleven o'clock as the sigrnil of parade, 
 
 when the different societies, companies, etc., will form at their 
 respective places of rendezvous. 
 
 3. One gun at twelve o'clock for forming the line. 
 
 4. Two guns in quick succession for the procession to move. 
 
 o. One gun for the procession to halt and open to tliB right and left, 
 
 as will be directed by the marshal of the day. 
 6. Two guns in rapid succession for the minute-guns and bells to 
 
 cease. 
 
 Order of Procession. 
 
 1. Detachment of dragoons; 2. Marshal of the day; 3. Military, in 
 reversed order; 4. Committee of arrangements; 5. Kscurt, battalion of 
 cadets; 0. Pall-bearers and two hearses; each heaist; drawn by two 
 white horses ; 7. Chaplain, orator, and persini laying tbe corner-stone ; 8. 
 Mourners; 9. Clergy ; 10. Sui-vivorsof the l-aitle; 11. (itlicers and soldiers 
 of the Revolution ; 12. Officers not on duty, in uniform ; 13. Civil and 
 judicial officers; 14. Gentlemen of the bar ; 15. Me'iii:al society ; 16. Ma- 
 sonic lodges, with their badges; 17. Piiin,ipals, teachers, and students of 
 academies; 18. Citizens; 19. Detachment of dragMnns. 
 
 Order of Solemnities at the Intirment. 
 1. Prayer by the Rev. Mr. Fisk ; 2. Funeral eulogium by the Rev. Mr. 
 Wilson; 3, Interment; 4. Laying the corner-stone; 5. Prayer by the 
 Rev. Mr. Cotter; conclusion by military firing. 
 
 Minor Arrangements. 
 1. The general and special committees of arrangements will appear 
 on that day with crape on the left arm ; 2. The surviving relatives are 
 requested to appear clothed with the usual badges of mourning; 3. 
 Committee of arrangements meet at J. W. Carpenter's ; 4. Survivors and 
 relatives of the slain at J. Wood's ; i>. Clergy at the court-house ; 6. Sur- 
 viving officers and soldiei-s of the Revolution at Mr. Kitchell's ; 7. Mili- 
 tary officers not on duty at J. Edsall's ; 8. Gentlemen of the bar and civil 
 and judicial ofiicers will meet at Dr. Seward's; 9. Medical society will 
 meet at Dr. T. G. Kvans"; 10. The diffeieut Masonic lodges will meet at 
 George MiHire's hotel; 11. Principals, teachers, and students of acade- 
 mies at Oliver Crane's; 12. Military at such places as their commanding 
 oflBcers may direct; 13. The Presbyterian church will be opened from 
 11 to 12 o'clock, for the admission of females only. 
 
 Thomas Waters, 
 
 Gabriel N. Phillips, 
 
 David R. Arsell, 
 
 Henry G. Wisner, 
 
 James W. Carpenter, Committee. 
 
 The proceedings were conducted in accordance with 
 the above arrangement. It wa^i estimated that 15,000 
 
 people were present. The procession was very large, 
 and was conducted with becoming solemnity. 
 
 The corner-stone was laid by Gen. Hathorn, who 
 commanded the forces of the Spartan band at the 
 battle. The veteran, about eighty years of age, wa& 
 deeply touched as the scenes of the slaughter forty- 
 three years before swept through his mind and kin- 
 dled the fearful memories of the past. 
 
 At no previous time in the history of Goshen were 
 so many people collected together. The military of 
 the connty, and especially the ':orps of cadets from 
 West Point, under their gallant commander, Maj. 
 Worth, who had kindly consented to be present and 
 direct the movements of the military, looked remark- 
 ably well ; they performed their evolutions with the 
 accuracy of trained soldiers. The procession formed 
 on the occasion moved with the solemn dignity in- 
 spired by the patriot event they came to celebrate. 
 The address of the Rev. James K. Wilson was touch- 
 ing, forcible, and eloquent, and his manner, as he 
 spoke of the dried bones of our ancestors slain in In- 
 dian battle, was admirably calculated to light up anew 
 the fires of the Revolution in the breast of the aged 
 and time-worn patriot, and animate the youth of the 
 land to imitate their deeds of valor in the just defense 
 of their country. 
 
 Dr. Wilson's address consisted largely of a de- 
 tailed description of the battle. In this respect it 
 can no longer he considered as authority upon that 
 subject. The more careful study given to the Mini- 
 sink affair in recent years and the clearer light thus 
 thrown upon it dispel very many traditions concern- 
 ing it. He closed as Tnllows: 
 
 "Ton will permit me to a Idress the noble sentiments of your souls, 
 and invite you to emulate the example of tliese heroes in deeds of noble 
 dariM*; should j'our country ever call. The young and those now around 
 me under arms may see our country involved in dangers that will 
 reiiuire even the sacrifice of life for her safety." 
 
 The monument of 1822 was not the present fine 
 shaft which adorns the public grounds at Goshen; 
 that was erected at a subsequent date, as shown below. 
 The monument of 1822 was a much plainer affair. 
 It had one central shaft, however, on which were in- 
 scribed the names of the dead. On the erection of 
 the new monument the former block became the pri- 
 vate property of John Edward Howell, of Goshen, 
 and was donated by him to the committee of the Sul- 
 livan County celebration in 1879, to be erected upon 
 the battle-ground in that county. 
 
 Among those who were in the battle but escaped 
 with their lives were Col. John Hathorn, of War- 
 wick ; Adjt. Robert Armstrong, of Florida; Maj. 
 John Poppino, of Summerville; Maj. John Wood, of 
 Goshen ; Sergt. Caleb Goldsmith, of Goshen ; Maj. 
 Meeker and Evi DeWitt, of New Jersey ; Capt. 
 Abraham Cuddeback, of Deeri)ark ; Daniel Myers, 
 of Minisink, who is said to have killed more Indians 
 than any other man during the engagement; and Jona- 
 than Bailey, of Wawayanda. It is probably not pos- 
 
 r 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 549 
 
 sible to prepare a (•onii)lete list of those who went to i 
 repulse Brant. Traditions differ greatly upon that 
 point, ranf^ing from 80 to 130. With 45 killed, the 
 former estimate leaves 35 to account for. 
 
 It has been something of a question whether the 
 company who were engaged with the Indians at the 
 battle of Minisink was an organized force and called 
 out by formal orders, or whether it was entirely a 
 volunteer force without regular organization, except 
 as they yielded obedience to recognized officers iu the 
 regular militia. It would appear that in part, at 
 least, it was called out by a regular order. Mr. Victor 
 M. Drake, a few years since, unearthed the following 
 order : 
 
 "To Caleb Goldsmith, Sergt. : 
 
 " You are liereby reiiuested to warn your class and niarcti to Minisink, 
 Iiereof fail not, as you will answer the county. 
 
 "Given under my hand this I7th* day of July, 1779. 
 
 " Samuel Jones, Cuptaiii.'' 
 
 The names of this class were indorsed as follows : 
 Stephen Smith, Benjamin Dunning, Charles Weeks. 
 
 THE CELEBRATION OF JULY 22. IS62. 
 
 This occurred at the unveiling of the new monu- 
 ment erected in honor of the heroes of Minisink by 
 the generous donation of Dr. Merritt H. Cash, of 
 Wawayanda. Dr. Cash had always taken a patriotic 
 interest in the Revolutionary events occurring in this 
 section of country, and particularly in those of Mini- 
 sink and Wyoming. He had a direct family connec- 
 tion with the latter, his grandfather having been in 
 the fight at Wilkesbarre, and the man who broke 
 through the Indian lines and went for help. Daniel 
 Cash afterwards settled in Orange County, as did the 
 Fullertons and others from the Wyoming Valley. 
 Dr. Cash had studied the story of Minisink well, and 
 desiring that a fitting monument should be erected in 
 memory of that battle, he left by his will .S4000 for 
 that purpose. He died at the age of fifty-eight, April 
 26, 1861. The money thus donated was all expended 
 upon the monument, the erection of the iron fence 
 and other expenses being born by the citizens. 
 
 Committee of Reception, David F. Gedney, Wni. 
 Murray, James' W. Carpenter, George W. Green, 
 Charles II. Winfield, Adrian Holbert, John Wood. 
 
 Grand Marshal, Wm. C. Little. 
 
 Assistant Marshals, Gen. Alfred D. Hurtin, Gen. 
 Calvin G. Sawyer, Gen. John McBride, Col. Charles 
 C. Wheeler, Col. John C. Wisner, Col. John Cum- 
 mings. Col. Morgan L. Sproat, Col. Wm. B. King, 
 Col. John Jenkins, Maj. Wm. L. Naiiney, Maj. John 
 ■S. Edsall, Capt. Archibald R. Taylor, Capt. McCor- 
 mall, Capt. Daniel Fullerton, Capt. George W. Mills- 
 paugh. 
 
 Committee of Invitation and Correspondence, Jo- 
 seph W. Gott (chairman), Bradford R. Champion, 
 Henry Merriam, Samuel R. Owen, Benjamin F. 
 
 * Thia may be an error for 19th, but there is great confusion in the 
 dates, at best, concerning the battle. 
 
 Duryea, Isaac V. Montanye, Richard Sears, John E. 
 Howell, David A. Scott. 
 
 Committee on Music, Wm. P. Townsend, J. W. 
 Corwin, Eugene McGarrah, Wm. Marvin, Thomas 
 G. Canham, Roswell Carpenter, Wm. H. Murray. 
 
 The officers of the preliminary meeting were Wm. 
 C. Little, chairman ; J. H. Thompson, secretary. 
 
 The order of the procession was as follows : 
 
 1. The marshal of the day. 
 
 2. GosheTi Cornet Band. 
 
 '■i. Masonic lodges, — three, — one from Goshen, one from Newburgh, 
 and one from Port Jervis. 
 
 4. Lodges of odd-Fellows, — one from Middletown, and one from Port 
 Jervis. 
 
 rt. Wagon w ith thirty-four young misses from Port Jervis. 
 
 6. Sons of Orange and Sullivan residing in Xew York. 
 
 7. Orange County Jledical Society. 
 
 8. Cataract Engine Company of Goshen. 
 
 9. W'alden Brass Band. 
 
 10. Firemen from Waldeu and ^lontgomery. 
 
 11. Middletown Cornet Band. 
 
 12. Firemen from Middletown. 
 l;5. Susqiiehauna Baud. 
 
 14. Firemen from Port Jervis. 
 
 15. Hook-aud-Ladder Company from Middletown. 
 
 16. Speakers. 
 
 17. Iloisemen. 
 
 IS. Citizens in wagons. 
 
 PROGRAMME OF CKLEBR.^TION, JULY 22, 18B2. 
 
 1. Prayer by Rev. George Potts, T).D., of Xew Y'ork. 
 
 2. Music by the bands. 
 
 3. Reception of the Society of the Sons of Orange and Sullivan, with 
 an address from David F. Gedney, i-eeponded to b> a member of the 
 society. 
 
 4. Music. 
 
 .0. Oration by John C. Dimmick, Esq. 
 G. Music. 
 
 7. Address by a member of the Society of the Sons of Orange and Sul- 
 livan. 
 
 8. Music. 
 
 This programme was carried out in full. All the 
 proceedings were in excellent keeping with the occa- 
 sion. It was impossible to restrain the speakers or 
 the audience to the scenes of Minisink a hundred 
 years before. 
 
 The then critical condition of the country, and the 
 
 high demands of the hour, evoked a rising tide of 
 
 emotion that commingled with and ennoliled every 
 
 thought of the past. The Rev. Dr. Potts prayed 
 
 " the Divine Ruler to protect those brave men who are 
 
 i defending the cause of the Union upon the battle- 
 
 ! field, and to strike from the temple of liberty the sac- 
 
 ' rilegious hand of the traitor." 
 
 Mr. David F. Gedney said, " No human being could 
 lift the veil which now enveloped our native land. 
 He trusted she would emerge from her darkness i-a- 
 diant with starry brightness." 
 
 Mr. A. S. VanDuzer said, " We have come here to 
 meet the loved of other days, to rekindle within our 
 hearts the fires of patriotism, and to offer prayer for 
 the brave departed. , Alas! what a chalice of woe 
 and desolation has been presented to the lips of the 
 American people. I seem to hear the voices of those 
 ; whose bones lie under that icy marble, calling to us 
 ' to march forward with cold steel and belching cannon 
 
550 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 until this accursed rebellion is subdued. My thoughts 
 inevitably run forw.ard into coming years. It is now 
 our blessed privilege to teach rebellion a never-ending 
 lesson. Future generations will erect monuments to 
 the memory of the noble army of martyrs who have 
 fallen in its path." 
 
 Mr. John C. Dimmick, the orator of the day, also 
 closed his eloquent address with an impassioned ap- 
 peal to the young men of the assemblage to rush to 
 the conflict. 
 
 CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION, JULY 22, 1S79. 
 
 The Minisink battle can never be forgotten by the 
 citizens of Goshen. It has formed the theme of fire- 
 side stories for a hundred years. It is embalmed in 
 the traditions of families whose ancestors died upon 
 those rocky heights, or shared in the struggle, only 
 escaping with their lives. 
 
 Had it been attended with but little loss of life, the 
 battle of Minisink would probably have never taken 
 an important place in either State or local annals. It 
 was the bloody nature of the tragedy which drew such 
 forcible attention to it in the earlier years. The fact 
 that so many lost their lives in the fight, that at its 
 close there were thirty-three widows in the single 
 church of Goshen, made an impression that can never 
 die out from this community. 
 
 The simple, horror of the massacre, too, obscured 
 other considerations, and prevented, perhaps, a full 
 understanding of the relative importance of the battle 
 in the national contest. 
 
 The names of Saratoga, of Trenton, of Yorktown, 
 justly have greater prominence in the records of Revo- 
 lutionary valor, but on none of those fields was there 
 more heroic and desperate fighting than on the 
 rocky plateau where the men of Goshen met the 
 shock of battle, and died that their homes might be 
 saved from invasion. Brant had carried that bloody 
 height, but it was at a fearful sacrifice of his own 
 men, and he dared not make a further movement east- 
 ward. The militia of Goshen had died, but their 
 valor had not been in vain. The national cause 
 passed safely through a dangerous crisis ; a few 
 months later the large and well-appointed army under 
 Gen. Sullivan carried death and destruction to the 
 Indian regions of central and western New York. 
 The tide of battle changed. The dark days of 1779 
 passed forever away. No Indian force ever again 
 sought to invade the homes of a people whose heroic 
 fighting had reddened the rocky heights with their 
 own and their enemy's blood. 
 
 As the centennial anniversary of the battle ap- 
 proached in 1879 it attracted much attention, and two 
 celebrations of the event took place, one at Goshen, 
 from whose vicinity most of the troops had gone to 
 the battle a hundred years before, the other on the 
 battle-ground itself in Sullivan County. There was 
 an appropriateness in both these celebrations, so that 
 in no e.special manner were they rivals of each other. 
 
 At Goshen the committee of arrangements con- 
 sisted of A. J. Moore, B. F. Bailey, L. Cuddeback, 
 Alfred Neafie, C. G. Elliot, J. H. Goodale, C. E. 
 Mellspaugh, J. M. Allerton, Joel Wilson, H. A. 
 Wadsworth, Victor M. Drake, J. W. Corwin, George 
 W. Greene, George W. Seward, Chauncey Thomas. 
 
 The programme was as follows : 
 
 1. Prayer by Rev. W. D. Snodgrass, D.D. 
 
 2. Address of welcoDie on behalf of the citizens and trustees by Har- 
 rison W. Hanny, president of the village of Goshen, and introdnciDg the 
 orator of the day. 
 
 3. Address by Hon. James W. Taylor, of Newburgh, president of the 
 
 day. 
 4. 
 6. 
 6. 
 7. 
 
 Mnsic by the Goshen Cornet Band. 
 
 Oration by Rev. J, Halstead Carroll, of Newburgh. 
 
 Mnsic. 
 
 Address by Hon. 0. H. Winfield, of New York City. 
 
 Address by Gen. James A. Briggs, of Brooklyn. 
 
 Mnsic. 
 
 Benediction. 
 
 The celebration was in every respect a success. 
 There was a large gathering of citizens. The proces- 
 sion, the addresses, the music, were in every respect 
 worthy of the occasion. 
 
 REVOLUTIONARY RECORDS. 
 
 We add the following papers, which show some- 
 thing of the valuable material that once existed in 
 the office of the town clerk of Goshen : 
 
 "At an annual town-meeting of the freeholders and inhabitants of the 
 precinct of Goshen, in the county aforesaid, on Tuesday, the 4th of April, 
 1775, the following question, whether any deputies should be sent from 
 this precinct to meet deputies from the other counties of New York the 
 20th instant, to join with them in choosing proper persons as delegates 
 on the part of this province, to meet in general Congress at Philadel- 
 phia on the 10th of May next, was put, and carried unanimously in the 
 affirmative. 
 
 "A motion was then made by several pei"Bons that Henry W'isner and 
 Peter Clowes, Esquires, be appointed deputies for tlie aliove purpose, and 
 the tpiestion being accordingly put, it was carried in the affirmative 
 without one dissenting voice. 
 
 " And at an annual town-meeting held the day aforesaid at Cornwall 
 precinct, in the county aforesaid, a motion was made that Mr. Israel 
 Seeley, of said precinct, be appointed one of the deputies for the aforesaid 
 county, to meet deputies from the other counties at New York on the 
 20th instant, to join in choosing some proper persons to be sent as dele- 
 gates to represent this province in general Congress at Philadelphia the 
 loth of ne.xt month, and the question being accordingly put, it was car- 
 ried by a great majority in the affirmative." 
 
 '* At a meeting of the freeliolders and inhabitants of the precinct of 
 Goshen, in the county of Orange, and colony of New York, assembled 
 at the bouse of Mr, Isaac NicoU, inn-holder, in the town of Goshen, on 
 Wednesday, the 10th day of May, 1777, Peter Clowes chairman. 
 
 " liemU'ed, unanimously. That as the present critical situation of atfairs 
 makes it necessary for a Provincial Congress to be held, that Michael 
 Jackson, Peter Clowes, Benjamin Tusten, and William .\llison, or any 
 two of tliem. do attend therein at the city of New York on the 22d day 
 of this instant. May, as delegates for this precinct. 
 " By order of the meeting, 
 
 "Balth. De Heabt, Clerk" 
 
 MEXICAN AVAR. 
 
 A company was enlisted in Goshen and vicinity 
 during the winter of 184(5-47 for service in the Mex- 
 ican war. It became Company K, Tenth United 
 States Infantry. Capt. Alexander Wilkin, son of 
 Samuel J. Wilkin, was the leading man in the enter- 
 . prise, and it was largely due to his energy that the 
 
 l\ 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 551 
 
 company was raised. He was assisted by Francis M. 
 Cummins, who was appointed first lieutenant. 
 
 Tiie company was attaclied to tlie army of tlie Rio 
 Grande under Gen. Taylor. Lieut. Cummins was 
 promoted, April 17, 1848, to the captaincy, in place I 
 of Mr. Wilkin, who had resigned. His commission I 
 bears the signatures of James K. Polk, President of ! 
 the United States, and William L. Marcy, Secretary 
 of War. 
 
 We give the roll of the company as it is now pre- 
 served by Mr. Cummins, though it [)robably lacks 
 one or more names. They are as follows : 
 
 Alexander Wilkin, captain ; Francis M. Cnmmins, first lieutenant ; Peter 
 H. Brewer (New Jerseyl, second lieutenant; N. Millett (New York 
 City), first sergeant; Wm. Fisher (Goshen), second sergeant; S. 
 Holly (Goshen), third sergeant ; Riley Lane (Shandaken, Ulster Co.), 
 fourth sergeant; Aaron Clearwater (Goshen), first corporal; Orris 
 Judd, second corporal ; Wm. Dickersou, third corporal ; Wm. Blake, 
 Wm. Beiu, Felix Burns (Goshen), James Cariigan, Henry Cranipton, 
 Wm. Davis, Jesse Enhout, Jacob Jackson, Patrick Harney, John A. 
 Kennedy, Herman Laue.W'm. Martin, Andrew 5Iartin,E. S. McCar- 
 ter (Hamptonburgh), Wm. Muliner, John O'Brien, Jesse Middagh, 
 Edward Nickerson, Sylvester Parrot, Wni. E. Quinn, Morris Radney, 
 Samuel P. Smith, Patrick Stevens, Sylvanus Swartwout, Cornelius 
 Schoonniaker (1st), Henry Terwilliger, Joseph Weed, Wm. W'inno, 
 Erastns Wright, John Winters, Wasliington Easily, John Barrett, 
 Charles Case (drummer-boy. or Unionville), Wm. Corwiu, Wm. 
 Cromley, Calvin Itavis, David Hays, Edward E. Jackson (Goshen), 
 Samuel Kelly, Lawrence Kilbride, Samuel Langdon, Patrick Martin, 
 0. P. McCarter (Hamptonburgh), Francis McKernna, James Muli- 
 ner, John F. Howard. Robert McLaughlin, James O'Malley, Jona- 
 than Pound, Samuel Reed, Uzal Roe, AVm. S. .Smith, Samuel Smith, 
 John Sumpft, H. T. Schoonmaker, Cornelius Schoonmaker (2d), 
 Wni. Van Tassel, Isaac White, Garrett T. Wood (Chester), Robert 
 Wilson, Wm. B. Craft, John Doty, privates. 
 
 At the close of the Mexican war, Capt. Cummins 
 was mustered out. At the breaking out of the Rebel- 
 lion, in 1861, he was residing at Muscatine, Iowa. 
 Fort Sumter surrendered April 14th. The procla- 
 mation for 75,000 men was dated the 1.5th. Capt. 
 Cummins raised a company the 16th, rode thirty miles 
 that night, and at three o'clock on the morning of the 
 17th tendered its services to the Governor of the 
 State. A comparison of dates since shows that it 
 was the first company (without any nucleus) that was 
 raised west of the AUeghanies. Mr. Cummins be- 
 came captain of the company, and it was ranked Co. 
 A of the First Iowa. His command served in the 
 Missouri campaign under Gen. Lyon. He was trans- 
 ferred to the Sixth Iowa, and promoted lieutenant- 
 colonel. At the expiration of the term of service he 
 was mustered out, came back to Orange County, and 
 assisted in raising the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 fourth, of which he became lieutenant-colonel. July 
 2, 1863, Col. Ellis was killed at Gettysburg, and 
 Lieut.-Col. Cummins was promoted colonel, his rank 
 dating from that day. He was wounded at Gettys- 
 burg, but was with his command at the battle of the 
 Wilderness, where he was totally disabled. May 6, 
 1864. He was discharged from the otficers' hospital 
 at Annapolis, Sept. 20, 1864. 
 
 Alexander Wilkin, who raised Co. K of the Tenth 
 United States Infantry for the Mexican war, was 
 
 also settled in Iowa, and in the war of the Rebellion 
 became colonel of the Second Iowa. He was killed 
 in Georgia. 
 
 REGULAR ARMY. 
 
 A. J. Moore, the present supervisor, enlisted, Nov. 
 1, 1858, in the Second United States Dragoons, and 
 served five years, being discharged Nov. 1, 1863. He 
 was wounded in several engagements, and once taken 
 prisoner. June 24, 1867, he again enlisted in the 
 Third Cavalry, and served another term of five years, 
 receiving his discharge June 24, 1872. 
 
 WAR OF 1861-65. 
 
 This struggle called out many volunteers from this 
 town, as well as from the other towns of the county, 
 It may be that the history of the war of 1861-65 mu.st 
 wait for a future chronicler to write its .story in the 
 steady, passionless prose of a Macaulay ; but it is not 
 too soon to say that in future years men will scan 
 muster rolls and explore old archives to read the 
 names of the heroes of 1861-65. As eagerly as the 
 men of to-day strive to rescue from oblivion the name 
 of every Revolutionary soldier, so will the men of 
 another century study the rolls of the great civil war 
 to learn the names of those who participated in the 
 conflict. The humblest resident of Goshen who 
 obeyed the summons to arms and died in the service 
 is worthy to be remembered with the heroes of other 
 days, and to have a monument erected to his memory. 
 
 Official Action, 1861-65.— At a special town- 
 meeting held Aug. 20, 1864, resolutions were passed 
 authorizing the raising of $50,000 for the purpose of 
 paying bounties to volunteers under the call of the 
 President for 500,000 men. The town oflScers were 
 instructed to issue bonds for the purpose of raising 
 the said sum, and a committee was appointed, viz. : J. 
 E. Vail, Thomas Edsall, and George W. Green, who 
 should have the management and disposal of the 
 bonds. 
 
 At another town-meeting, held Feb. 5, 1865, the 
 sum of $30,000 was voted for the purpose of paying 
 bounties to volunteers under the then recent call. 
 
 Ellis A. Post, John D. Bradner, and David Redfield 
 were appointed a committee to fix and regulate the 
 amount of bounty to be paid, and were vested with 
 exclusive and ample authority to manage the whole 
 matter according to their judgment and discretion. 
 
 By a report of the supervisor, Mr. John C. Wallace, 
 made at the close of the war to the bureau of military 
 .statistics, it appears that the number of men furnished 
 by the town of Goshen was as follows : 
 
 Volunteers at the outbreak of the war 30 
 
 Under the calls of July and August, 1862 113 
 
 Under the call of March 14,1864 117 
 
 July 18, 1864 54 
 
 " " December, 1864 24 
 
 Total 338 
 
 This was eight in excess of the quotas required. 
 The town paid as follows : 
 
552 
 
 HISTORY OF OEANGE COUNTY, NEW YOHK. 
 
 For bounties 840,360.00 
 
 Recruiting leee, hund-ninney, and other expenses 2,540.00 
 
 For support of soldieiij' fiimilies 4,000.00 
 
 Intel-est on bonds it*^iieii 111.12 
 
 Miscellaneous 7,000.00 
 
 Total $54,007.12 
 
 In its final settlement the town was allowed : 
 
 For an excess of 70 years, or 26V<5 men 815,800 
 
 " '.i two-years' men > 1,200 
 
 " 19 three-3 ears' men 11,400 
 
 " 1 '• " 600 
 
 " 1 " " 650 
 
 *' 1 diTw his own 600 
 
 Total paid town by quartermaster-general $30,050 
 
 The following list has been prepared from the printed 
 muster-in rolls of the State, and from the files of the 
 Goshen newspapers, and has been revised by several 
 citizens acquaintetl with the men who went. 
 
 J. N. Arnold, capt., enl. April, ISOl. ' 
 
 Geolge Allen. 
 
 Henry G. liai ker, Co. D, 56tli ; enl. Aug. 1, 1861. 
 
 James II. Uiidsall, sergt., Co. li, liith; enl. Aug. 5, 1862; wourided. 
 
 Thonuis BurKess, Co. li, 124th ; enl. July 24, 1862. 
 
 John F. Browii, Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 5, 1862. 
 
 Felix Burns, Co. H, 16Stli ; enl. Oct. 8, 1862 ; had served in the Mexican 
 
 war. 
 Isaac Beckett, 2d lieut., Co. D, 56th. 
 John Brewster, 20th II. S. C. T. ; enl. 1862. 
 Joseph Brown, 20th U. S. C. T.; enl. 1862. 
 Sylvester Byard, 14th Rhode Island ; eul. 1861. 
 Caleb Baldwin, Co. L, 15th Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 5, 1864. 
 Wni. Becker, Edgar A. Bowen, Charles Byron, Wm. H. Babcock, Peter 
 
 C. Bergen. 
 Thomas Brannan, 13lh U. S. Regulars; enl. 1861. 
 John Brooks, 1st Engineers. 
 
 Samuel Bi-owu, Co. L, 15th Cavalry; enl. Jan. 2, 1864. 
 Herman Crane, Co. B, 124th ; eul. Aug. 13, 1862; wounded at Chancel- 
 
 lorsville. 
 Gabriel Crane, Co. D, 561h ; enl. Sept. 6, 1861. 
 Ira Couklin, Co. E, 44th ; enl September, 1861; killed in action. 
 Francis M. Cummins, maj., 1st Iowa ; lient.-col. of lJ4th : pro. to colonel 
 
 on the death of Col. Ellis ; wounded at Gettysburg and in the Wil- 
 derness. 
 John Callahan, 13th U. S. Regulars; enl. 1861. 
 George P. Crans, 1st N. Y. Engineers. ^ 
 Alvah A. Cortright, Samuel B. Cooley, Wm. Casey, o6th ; Delancet \V. 
 
 Cox, Lawson Cole, Charles C. Cox, A. J. Cronk, .foseph Cain. 
 Daniel Carpenter, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 23, 1862. 
 James C. Coleman, 16Hth ; eul. 1865 ; asst. surgeon in charge ; now (1880) 
 
 examining surgeon U. S. P. service. 
 Wm. R. Collius, Co. C, 25th Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 2, 1864. 
 Levi Low, Co. C, 25tli Cavaliy; enl. Feb. 9, 1804. 
 Andrew T. Coddington, Co. C, 26tb Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 9, 1864. 
 John H. Carl, Co. C, 25th Cavalry ; eul. Feb. 20, 1804. 
 John Carl, Co. C, 25th Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 9, 1864. 
 Virgil Y. Cranz, Co. E, 25th Cavalry ; enlrJan. 22, 1864. 
 Rensselaer Curry, Co. E, 25th Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 6, 1864. 
 Henry C. Duryea, Corp., Co. H, 168th ; enl. Oct. 20, 1862; also served iji 
 
 7th Art. 
 James Deaue, 20th N. Y. 
 
 Wm. Duncan, Joseph Davis, John Doyle, Clark Decker, Peter DeKay.* 
 John Defrees, 26th U. S. C. T. ; enl. 1862. 
 
 Webster E. Duryea, 44th ; enl. September, 1861 ; killed at Gettysburg. 
 Zeno Dusenberry, l'24th ; he was past age ; had served in Mexican war. 
 Felix Dohn, Co. M, 25th Cavalry ; eul. Oct. 13, 1864. 
 John M. Eckert, Co. B, 124tb ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862 ; lost an eye. 
 George H. Evans, Co. C, 25th Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 8, 1864. 
 Benjamin Edwards, Co. C, 25th Cavalry; enl. Feb. 20, 1864. 
 Davis Francisco, Ist Engiueei-s. 
 Stephen W. Fullerton, Jr., 124tb. 
 John 0. Fullerton, Francis Fleming, Wm. H. Fincli. 
 James Finley, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 
 John Finley, Co. D, 176th ; eul. Aug. 2, 1864; his name is also in 168th. 
 Ira Fairchild, •2d Cavalry. 
 
 John S. Gale, sergt., Co. H, 168th; enl. Sept. 20, 1862. 
 
 Robert Gabbey, sergt., Co. H, 168th ; enl. Oct. 8, 1862. 
 
 .Sanniel Garrison, color-sergt.. Co. B, 124tli ; enl. 1862. 
 
 Dewitt J. Gibson, David S. Giles. 
 
 Thomas Griffin, naval service. 
 
 Harry Gordon, 22d ; re-enl. in 176th. 
 
 Samuel Grigan, Samuel Gregory. 
 
 John Glanz, Co. B, 124th: enl. Aug. 8, 1862. 
 
 James Gavin, C.j. B, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 
 Benjamin W. Halstead. 
 
 James Hamilton, Co. B, 124tli; enl. 1862. 
 
 Benjamin M. Hunt, Co. H, 1681h ; enl. Oct. 9, 1862. 
 
 J. W. Hayne, 7tb X. Y.; enl. April, 1801. 
 
 David Huff, Uth U. S. C. T.; enl. 1862. 
 
 Francis Hecker. 
 
 Wm. Holden, Co. M, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 12, 1864. 
 
 Joseph Hillinger, Richard D. Hawkins. 
 
 W. Hamilton (musician), Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 1, 1862. 
 
 Matthias T. Holbert, Co. B, 124th ; wounded at Chancellorsville. 
 
 Robert Holland, Jr, Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 12, 1802; killed at Gettys- 
 burg. 
 
 Charles Harrington, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 5, 1862. 
 
 Ebenezer Holbert, corp., Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; wounded. 
 
 Andrew J, Isbell, Co. B, 124th ; enl. July 31, 1,S02. 
 
 Thomas Jones. 
 
 Fi-aucis Johnson, Co. M, 25tli Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 22, 1864. 
 
 George Johnson, Charles Johnson. 
 
 James S. Jones, Co. D, 56th; enl. Aug. 1, 1801 ; re-enl. Co. D, 15th Art, 
 Jan. 18, 1SG4; had been in the Mexican war. 
 
 John II. Juilson, Co. A, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1802. 
 
 Alexander Jones, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862. 
 
 George Jackson, 26th ; enl. 1802. 
 
 Edwaid Jarvis, 19th ; enl. 1861. 
 
 Charles Knapp, Co. C, 124th; eul. Aug. 15, 1862 ; wounded, 
 
 .Toseph Kain. 56th ; enl. 1861. 
 
 George Ketchum, 1st N. Y. Engineers. 
 
 Julius Krancye, Wm. Kelper. 
 
 Benjamin M. Little, Co. B, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 John Lowe (20th), AVm. J. Laucey, Wm. Leonard, James Lynn. 
 
 Henry Y. Lewis, Co. H, 108th; enl. Oct. 6, 1862. 
 
 Wm. F. Lewis, drum-major, 40th. 
 
 Michael Landy, Co. A, 4tli Mass. 
 
 John T. Laroe, Co. 1, 124th ; wounded. 
 
 Patrick Leach. Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; wounded. 
 
 Benjamin W. Little, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; wounded. 
 
 Charles Manning, Ist Engineers. 
 
 Dennis McCormick, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1802; wounded at Chan- 
 cellorsville. 
 
 Michael Mooney, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 
 Edward T. Mapes, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1802 ; wounded. 
 I Stephen Millspaugh, Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1802. 
 
 James M. Morritt, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 20, 1862 ; pro. Old. sergt. 
 
 Wm. H. Merritt, Co. B, 124th ; eol. Aug. 5, 1862. 
 
 Heniy S. Murray, capt., Co. B, 124tb; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; severely 
 wounded at Chancellorsville; taken prisoner; pro. major. 
 
 Robert R. Murray, Corp., Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; pro. sergt. ; 
 wounded at Chancellorsville. 
 
 James Merriam. 
 
 George W. Murray, 7th Militia ; enl. April, 1801. 
 
 Michael McGowan, James McXamee. 
 
 A. J. Mooi'e, regular army. 
 
 H. Miller, 7th; Thomas H. Moore; Wm. L. Miller, 7th; Philetus L. 
 Murphy, August G. Moerch, Albert Blortimer, John Maree, Peter 
 McDonald. 
 
 James flloi-gan, Co. E, 25th Cavalry; enl. Feb. 5, 1864. 
 
 George H. Miller, Co. E, 25th Cavalry; enl. Jan. 20, 1804. 
 
 John Meade, 56th ; enl. 1802. 
 
 James McCoun, Co. M, 25th Cavalry ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. 
 
 Wisner Mui-ray, 7th N. Y. ; enl. April, 1861. 
 
 Martin Mealoy, 10th Legion; enl. November-, 1801; died in service; 
 brought home for burial. 
 
 Thomas S. Marvel, capt., 10th Legion ; enl. November, 1861. 
 
 Lewis McCoy, Wallkill Girards. 
 
 Charles Mortimer. 
 
 DeWitt W. Millspaugh, Co. B, 124th ; eid. 1802 ; died of disease just after 
 return. 
 
 James Marvin. 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 553 
 
 Peter Miller, 14th U. S. C. T. 
 
 Henry Morrison. 
 
 Isaac Miller, 26th C. S. 0. T. 
 
 Janie9 Mulligan. 
 
 James Mapes, 26th U. S. C. T. 
 
 Elias Miller, Co. C, 25th Cavalry ; ejil. Feb, 9, 1804. 
 
 Ele Mann. 
 
 Charles McCann, Co. C, 2.9111 Cavalry ; enl. Feb. .i, 1864. 
 
 John Mann, oGtti. 
 
 James M. Hunt, 168tli ; wounded. 
 
 Ak-.\ander li. Olds. 
 
 Ira R. I'ayne, Co. H, 168th ; enl. Oct. 9, 1862. 
 
 Heniy E. Ponieroy, Co. C, 2.ith Cavalry ; enl. Feb. IG, 1864. 
 
 J. W. Puff. 
 
 John Pintler, 1st N. Y.; killed in action. 
 
 John Price, 168th; M. Pintler, capt. ; John Pembroke, Nathan Porter, 
 
 Alma Perry, Nathan Parke, Richard Peter'son. 
 Ellis Post, Co. A, 124th ; qr.-nir.-sergt. ; pro. qr.-mr. 
 Henry C. Payne, musician, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Hugh IJuinn, Co. M, 25th Cavalry ; enl. Sept. 8, 1864. 
 Peter IJuinn, Co. M, 25th Cavalry ; enl. Sept. 8, 1864. 
 \Vm. W. liowe, Co. C, 25th Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 James Riley, Co. M, 15th Art. ; enl. Jan. 26, 1864. 
 William Riley, Co. M, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 26, 1864. 
 Wui. Reed, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1802 ; wounded. 
 Coe L. Reevs, Corp., Co. B, 121tb ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; pro. sergt. ; wounded 
 
 at Chancelloreville. 
 Reuben Ryuders, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862. 
 James Scott, Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 4, 1862; pro. Corp.; wounded six 
 
 times at Gettysburg. 
 Jesse Sullivan, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862. 
 Henry O. Smith, Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 4, 1862; wounded at Cbancel- 
 
 loisville; never heard from. 
 Stephen B. Smith ; Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; died at Falmouth, Va. 
 John A. Space, Co. B, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Samuel Shult/,, Co. B, 124tb ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; died in the service. 
 Edward Stafford, 124th. 
 
 Samuel Sherman, Co. B, 124tb ; enl. August, 1862 ; killed at Spottaylvania. 
 Ira Stafford, 124th. 
 Abrani Shipman, naval service. 
 Tuthill Smith, 1st Eng. 
 Theodore Shaw, 2d ; William Scott, Peter Smith, Alexander Swazey, 
 
 Andrew Schafer, Theodore Shaw, Joseph Stafford, Edward Stafford. 
 Theodore A. Shaw, Co. H, 168th ; enl. Oct. 7, 1862 ; trans, to Co. K. 
 William Scott, Co. C, 25th Cavaliy ; enl. Feb. 9, 1864. 
 Peter C. Smith, Co. C, 2oth Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 12, 1864. 
 Sampson Smith, Co. C, 25th Cavalry; enl. Feb. 9, 1864. 
 Edward Schwighoffer, Co. E, 25th Cavalry ; enl. March 9. 1864. 
 Robert W. Stevenson, Co. M, 25th Cavalry; enl. Oct. 13, 1864. 
 George K. Siiyer, 10th Legion ; enl. November, 1861 ; hospital steward. 
 John Tremper, 56th. 
 Hector Thompson, 5th. 
 
 Thomas H. Thomas, John 0. Tuthill, William Tennant. 
 Ezra F. Tuthill, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; wounded at Chancel- 
 
 lorsville. 
 William Utter. 
 
 David R. P. Van Gorden, Oj. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. i, 1862. 
 William Valentine, coi-p., Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862 ; wounded at 
 
 Chancellorsville, and died from the wound. 
 Hiram Vandewater, 20th U. S. C. T. 
 Walter Van Tiser, 28th U. S. C. T. 
 Rynn Van Sickle. 
 David (.». Wetraore, wounded. 
 Richard J. Wilson, wounded. 
 
 Charles White, 2d N. T.; killed in action in 1863. 
 Moses A. Wells, 22d. 
 Jonathan Wilcox, 56th. 
 Lieut. D. C. Wilkin. 
 John Wright. 
 Charles A. White. 
 Johnson Wilco.x. 
 
 John White, Co. B, 124th; enl. 1862. 
 William B. Wood, Co. A, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 13, 1362. 
 Charles A. Wheeler, sergt., Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 2, 1862 ; killed at 
 
 Spottsylvania. 
 William White, Corp., Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862. 
 John Williams, corp., Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 
 36 
 
 Thomas M. Wood, Co. C, 25th Cavalry; enl. Jan. 30, 1864. 
 
 William Wilkerson, Co. E, 25th Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 5, 1864. 
 
 Alexander Wilkin, capt., Mexican war; col., 2d Minn. ; enl. 1861, at St. 
 
 Paul ; killed iu Georgia. 
 William H. Wood, 1st N. Y. EnR.; enl. 1861 ; wounded. 
 William Wallace, 1st. 
 
 Charles E. Wright, sergt., 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 Ananijuj Wheeler, wounded. 
 Henry Williams. 
 Jacob Young. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 ALEXANDER WEIGHT. 
 His father, Robert Wright, born in Ireland, came 
 to America about the close of the Revolutionary war, 
 with his father, and settled in Pennsylvania, where, 
 soon after, the father died. Robert returned to his 
 native country, where, in 1793, he married a lady of 
 wealth, and in 1795 returned to this country, and set- 
 tled at Newburgh, N. Y. Here he resided for several 
 years, and then purchased a farm of 125 acres in the 
 town of Newburgh, upon which he resided until his 
 death, which occurred in 1835, at the age of sixty-six 
 years. His wife survived him, and died in 1851. 
 
 Robert Wright and wife were attendants and sup- 
 jKirters of the Associate Reformed Church, and con- 
 tributors to all worthy and local objects. 
 
 Their eldest son, William, born in 1797, was a suc- 
 cessful business man of Newburgh, and died in 1865, 
 aged sixty-eight years ; Jane resides in Newburgh ; 
 Margaret became the wife of Robert W. Boyd, and 
 resided at Hamptonburgh, where both died ; John 
 was a leather manufacturer in Sullivan Co., N. Y. ; 
 Francis and Robert (deceased) resided on the home 
 farm ; James removed to Indiana, where he success- 
 fully carried on business for many years, and died at 
 Cairo ; Alexander, subject of this sketch, and Susan 
 reside at Newburgh. 
 
 Alexander Wright was born June 6, 1813, and dur- 
 ing his boyhood obtained a practical business educa- 
 tion at the common school and in the private school 
 of the well-known scholar and teacher, James R. Wil- 
 son, of Coldenham, Orange Co., N. Y. At the age of 
 eighteen he became a clerk in the general store of 
 Judge Robert Denniston, at Salisbury Mills, in the 
 town of Blooming-Grove, where he remained for three 
 years. Here he earned a reputation for integrity, and 
 upon the recommendation of Judge Denniston he ob- 
 tained a situation as clerk in the Highland Bank, at 
 Newburgh, upon its organization in 1834, where he re- 
 mained until 1839, when he went to Middletown, and 
 organized the Middletown Bank, now the National 
 Bank of Middletown, of which he was chosen cashier, 
 and tilled the position until 1844. 
 
 In 184(5 he organized the Chester Bank at Chester, 
 and officiated as cashier until 1850, and in 1851 he 
 organized the Goshen Bank, now Goshen National 
 Bank, of which he was elected president, with Wil- 
 liam L. Beakes as cashier, and continued his connec- 
 
554 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 tion with this bank until 1857, when he disposed of 
 his interest in bank stock and retired from the more 
 active duties of life. 
 
 During his residence in Middletown he was one 
 of the prime movers in founding the Wallkill Acad- 
 emy of that place, got up the subscription for the 
 erection of the brick building, now standing, and col- 
 lected and disbursed the money. 
 
 Upon taking up his residence in Goshen, Mr. 
 Wright was chosen one of the board of trustees of the 
 Farmers' Hall Academy, and officially and otherwise 
 labored earnestly for the continuation of that institu- 
 tion of learning, that its benefits might accrue to the 
 rising generation of Goshen and Orange County. He 
 has ever been a promoter of church interests, and all 
 objects tending to the prosjierity of the place where 
 . he has resided, and the general good of society. 
 
 During his active business life Mr. Wright was 
 known as a discreet and successful financier, and his 
 business ability was commensurate with the most pro- 
 gressive demands of the times. 
 
 He married, Jan. 10, 1844, Mary, daughter of Henry 
 S. and Laura (Genung) Beakes, and granddaughter of 
 Stacey Beakes, one of the early merchants of Middle- 
 town, N. Y. Her only brother was William L. Bejikes, 
 and her sisters, Jane, wife of the late Dr. Winfield, 
 and Cynthia, wife of the late Charles C. McQuoid, a 
 lawyer, all of Middletown. The children of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Wright are Mary; Robert, died, at the age of 
 nine years, in 18.56 ; Frank Alexander, and Janie 
 Laura. 
 
 ADAM H. SINSABAUGH. 
 
 In 1730 four families, — Sinsabaugh, Millspaugh, 
 Bookstaver, and Youngblood, — on account of religious 
 persecution in their native country, left Germany and 
 settled in the town of Montgomery, Orange Co., N. Y. 
 Their first winter was spent in a dug-out, or tem- 
 porary place to live. In the following spring they 
 built a log church, and there continued worship for 
 many years. These families purchased 1000 acres of 
 land in the town, and jjart of the same projierty is in 
 possession of their descendants at the present time. 
 
 The names of the heads of these families are found 
 at Albany, where they were naturalized and swore 
 allegiance to George III., in 1735. Of the first-named 
 family, Jacob was great-grandfather of our subject. 
 Frederick, son of Jacob, was born in the town of Mont- 
 gomery, and reared the following children, who were 
 married and reared families, settling in the vicinity 
 of their birthplace, viz. : Adam, Mary, Elizabeth, 
 Betsy, Henry, Frederick, Mrs. DeHart, and Abram. 
 Of these children, Henry, born in 1758, married Mar- 
 garet, daughter of John A. Brown, of Easton, Pa., 
 who was the youngest in a family of fourteen children. 
 She died in 1842, aged seventy-four. 
 
 Henry Sinsabaugh sjient his life as a merchant at 
 Nazareth, Pa., and as a farmer in Sullivan County, 
 and in the town of Montgomery, Orange Co., where 
 
 he died in 1826. He was a volunteer soldier in the 
 war of the Revolution, and was at the battle of Fort 
 Montgomery. His son David was a soldier in the war 
 of 1812. His children are Susan, wife of Philip 
 Gross ; Catharine, wife of Daniel Plumley, of Mont- 
 gomery ; David, and Adam H. 
 
 Adam H. Sinsabaugh was born in the town of 
 Montgomery, May 11, 1802. His minority was mostly 
 spent at home, where he received only limited opi)or- 
 tunities for any education from books. He married, 
 Dec. 23, 1824, Jemima, daughter of Isaac Crissey, of 
 Montgomery, who was born Oct. 22, 1799, and died 
 Feb. 19, 1832, leaving one daughter, Elizabeth, who 
 became the wife of William Sinsabaugh, of Iowa. 
 His second wife was Jane Sinsabaugh, who was born 
 Nov. 1, 1809, and died Sept. 22, 1844. The children 
 born of this union were Kate, wife of Goldsmith 
 Gregory, of Iowa ; William ; and James B., who served 
 four years in the United States navy during the late 
 civil war ; subsequently enlisted in Hancock's vet- 
 eran corps, and was stationed at Indianapolis, where 
 he was accidentally drowned in the White River. 
 
 His third marriage, in 1845, was to Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Henry Scofield, of Goshen, who was 
 born Aug. 26, 1820, and died Jan. 11, 1861, and who 
 bore him two sons, — George (deceased) and Henry, of 
 Goshen. 
 
 Mr. Sinsabaugh married, Oct. 1, 1861, Maria Jane, 
 daughter of Elting and Catharine (DuBois) France, 
 of Ulster Co., N. Y., who was born Aug. 3, 1833. 
 Their children are Nellie J. and Cora DuBois. 
 Catharine DuBois was a daughter of Henry, and 
 granddaughter of Methusalem DuBois, who was a 
 lineal descendant of Lbuis DuBois, the progenitor of 
 the DuBois family in Esopus, who was born in the 
 province of Artois, France, Oct. 27, 1026, married 
 Catharine Blanshan, daughter of a burgher of the 
 city of Mannheim, Germany, and in 1660, with his 
 wife and two sons, Abraham and Isaac, settled in 
 Hurley, Ulster Co., and was the first Protestant of the 
 name in this country. He was the first elder of the 
 French Reformed Church, established at New Paltz 
 in 1683. Elting France's mother was only daughter 
 of Peter Elting.of New Paltz. 
 
 After his first marriage Mr. Sinsabaugh settled in 
 the town of Crawford, Orange Co., where, in 1833, he 
 first came to notice in politics as constable of that 
 town. In 1834 he served as constable and collector, 
 and was continued in those offices by re-election, with- 
 out opposition, until 1840. In June, 1840, he was 
 appointed census-taker of one-half of Orange County 
 by Anthony J. Bleecker, marshal of the southern dis- 
 trict of New York, and in the fall of the same year 
 he was appointed under-sheriff of the county, re- 
 moved to Goshen, and served in that capacity for 
 three years. In 1843 he was elected sheriff of 
 Orange County, and discharged the duties of the 
 office creditably for one term. 
 
 Mr. Sinsabaugh headed the first temperance move- 
 
,^^?^y^ 
 
I 
 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 555 
 
 ^^^^^-/^i^^^^t^^^^^a^^,^ 
 
 ments in Orange County, and became permanently 
 identified with various .organizations in town, county, 
 and State, where liis influence for the good of the 
 cause was often acl^nowledged, and he was honored 
 with the vice-presidency of the New York State Tem- 
 perance Society under its president. Gen. Joseph S. 
 Smith, of Kingston, N. Y., who was one of its foun- 
 ders in 1865. 
 
 Mr. Sinsabaugh was formerly identified with the 
 Democratic party, but was always opposed to the 
 extension of slavery. In 1848 he joined the " Barn- 
 Burner" party, and in 1856 became a Kepublican. He 
 was appointed deputy provost-marshal, and held that 
 position through the entire late civil war. He has been 
 a member and trustee of the Presbyterian Church at 
 Goshen for thirty years, and has officiated as elder 
 nearly the whole time of his residence here. He is 
 also a life-member, and has been first vice-president 
 of the Orange County Bible Society. Mr. Sinsa- 
 baugh is widely known throughout Orange County, 
 and by all esteemed for his correct habits, his high 
 moral influence, and for his integrity in all the rela- 
 tions of life. 
 
 HENRY MERRIAM. 
 His father, Thomas, son of Thomas Merriam, was 
 born at Meriden, Conn., about the year 1765, where 
 he spent his minority. 
 
 He married Hannah, eldest daughter of Noah 
 Guernsey, of Litchfield, Conn., and for some time 
 afterwards was a merchant at that place. Subse- 
 quently he removed to Schaghticoke, Rensselaer 
 Co., N. Y., and resumed his business as a merchant. 
 Closing this business, he purchased a farm in Sara- 
 toga County, which he carried on for ten years, and 
 removed to the town of Harpersfield, Delaware Co., 
 where he again engaged in agricultural pursuits 
 until his death, which occurred in 1815. His wife 
 was subsequently married to a Mr. Disbro, and re- 
 moved with a part of the family to Cicero, Onondaga 
 Co., N. Y., where she lived to the advanced age of 
 ninety years. Both Thomas Merriam and his wife 
 were members of the Presbyterian Church, and es- 
 teemed members of society. Their children were 
 Philomelia (wife of Bartholomew Andrews, of Cic- 
 ero); Allen was a farmer, and died at Geneva, 
 Wis., leaving a large property there ; Harvey was a 
 farmer, and died at Cicero ; Samuel resides at New 
 Haven, where he has been a successful merchant for 
 many years; Henry, subject of this sketch; Noah 
 was a farmer, and died at Cicero ; Mary (wife of 
 Henry Jones, of Monroe, Orange Co.); and Clara 
 (unmarried) resides at Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 Henry Merriam was born in Schaghticoke, Eensse- 
 laer Co., N. Y., Dec. 1, 1802. At the age of thirteen, 
 upon the death of his father, he went to Litchfield, 
 
556 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNT 7, NEW YORK. 
 
 and for six years resided with his grandfather Guern- 
 sey. During his boyhood he received a practical 
 business education, and learned those inestimable 
 lessons, economy and self-reliance. In 1822, Mr. 
 Merriam left Litchfield, and started out in life for 
 himself. For some three years he was engaged in 
 the sale of Yankee notions, with his headquarters at 
 Elizabethtown, N. J. In this he was successful, 
 and in 182.5 settled at Goshen, N. Y., and, in part- 
 nership with the late John J. Smith (Merriam & 
 Smith), established himself in the manufacture of 
 tinware. This firm was for many years located in 
 business'on the opposite side of the street, near the 
 Orange Hotel, in Goshen, but on the completion of 
 the Erie Eailway, in 1841, they built a store near the 
 Goshen Bank, at a place which has become the centre 
 of business since that road was finished. For fifteen 
 years they carried on the tin and hardware business, 
 and for most of the time had upwards of a dozen 
 peddlers on the road selling their manufactured tin 
 goods and notions. 
 
 In 1849 the firm opened a general hardware house, 
 and continued a successful and large bu.siness until 
 18G9, when Mr. Merriam retired from the active 
 duties of life. During nearly half a century Mr. 
 Merriam was in trade in Goshen, and for many years 
 after his first establishment here his was the only | 
 stove-store between Newton, N. J., and Kingston, 
 N. Y., consequently his trade reached to all parts of 
 Orange County, and into adjoining counties. 
 
 While his active business life was successful, he 
 has never for any time forgotten the full duty of a 
 citizen, and has been a liberal contributor to all 
 worthy local objects, and a promoter of the best inter- 
 ests of society in morality and religion. For some 
 twenty years he was identified with the educational 
 interests of Goshen as one of the board of trustees of 
 the Farmers' Hall Academy, and since the organiza- 
 tion of the Goshen Bank in 1851 he has been one of 
 its directors. 
 
 Mr. Jlerriam was formerly a Whig, and became a 
 Republican upon the organization of that party. He 
 ha.s never been solicitous of official position, and never 
 held office, except to serve as supervisor of Goshen for 
 one term. 
 
 His wife is Anna Eliza, daughter of Isaac and 
 Abigail (Tusten) Reeve, of Goshen, whom he married 
 Jan. 1, 1833. She was born May 3, 1810, and with 
 her husband have been for many years members of 
 the Presbyterian Churcli at Goshen. Her grand- 
 father. Col. Benjamin Tusten, was in the American 
 army during the Revolutionary war, and was killed 
 at the battle of Minisink, in 1779. Their children 
 arp Helen ; Henry G. la graduate of Brown Univer- I 
 sity) and his brother, Charles E., are the firm of : 
 Merriam Brothers, hardware merchants, at Waverly, 
 N. Y. ; Frank A. is the successor of his father in the 
 business at Goshen; Alexander E. Merriam was , 
 graduated at Yale College in 1872, at Andover 
 
 Theological Seminary in 1877, and is the settled 
 pastor of the Payson Congregational Church, at East 
 Hampton, Mass. ; and Alma E. 
 
 JOHN J. SMITH. 
 
 His grandfather, Job Smith, was born Sept. 26, 
 174.5, and died Aug. 6, 1776. He was a soldier in the 
 patriot army, was captured by the British, and con- 
 fined in the old Sugar-House Prison in New York, from 
 which he was released by the influence of friends, 
 only to return home and die of disease contracted 
 during his imprisonment. His wife was Sarah Ogden, 
 born March 29, 17-52, and died May 11, 1827, and who 
 bore him three children, viz. : Mary Mitchell; Sarah, 
 who became the wife of Elias Darby ; and John Job, 
 father of our subject. 
 
 John Job Smith was born at Elizabethtown, N. J., 
 Oct. 27, 1772, and married, Jan. 22, 1797, Phebe, 
 daughter of John Jewell, who was born July 11, 1774, 
 and died Nov. 23, 1835. He carried on blacksmith- 
 ing at Elizabethtown, and liad connected with his 
 business a " hay-scales," not the neat platforms upon 
 which the farmers of 1881 leisurely drive on, but a 
 huge frame-work, from the top of which hung a big 
 steelyard, from which depended four chains with 
 rings at the ends to slip over the hubs of the wheels, 
 and thus lift the wagon bodily from the ground. He 
 died July 9, 1814. 
 
 Their children were Job, born Aug. 20, 1798, died 
 Jan. 10, 1800 ; John Jewell, subject of this sketch ; 
 and Ogden Smith, born Aug. 27, 1803, resided at 
 Elizabeth, and died Feb. 8, 1851. 
 
 John Jewell Smith was born at Elizabeth, N. J., 
 Aug. 19, 1800. He only received a common-school 
 education, but early in life learned that industry and 
 economy are the foundation of business success. He 
 served an apprenticeship in Elizabeth at the tinner's 
 trade with Gould Phiuncy, and for three years after 
 reaching his majority worked at his trade as a jour- 
 neyman. 
 
 In 1824 he settled in Goshen, N. Y., and set up 
 business for himself, his first place of business being 
 a part of the building now comprising the Orange 
 Hotel. Here he remained only about a year, and 
 having formed a copartnership with Henry Merriam, 
 the firm of Merriam & Smith started the manufacture 
 of tinware on the opposite side of the street from his 
 first place of business in Goshen. They continued 
 their business there until the completion of the Erie 
 Railway, adding to it the sale of stoves and peddlers' 
 supplies, and had for many years some fifteen men on 
 the road selling their manufactured wares and notions. 
 Tlieirs was the first stove-store established between 
 Newton, N. J., and Kingston, N. Y., and for several 
 years the only one, hence this firm controlled largely 
 the sale of tinware and stoves in a large section of 
 country. 
 
 In 1841 thev built a store near the Goshen Bank, 
 
CHARLES W. RKEVS. 
 
 His paternal nnccstor first sottlinl on Imwj; Island, 
 from wlience Josluia Recvs, gnindfatlier ol' oiir subject, 
 removed and became the progenitor of the family in 
 Orange County. 
 
 Cliarles W. was one in a family of eleven children of 
 Howell Hi'Cvs (who subseciuonlly removed to the town 
 of Minisiiik), and was born in the town of Chester, 
 Orange Co., N. Y., Sept. 1, 1805. Uis early life was 
 spent on the farm at home. In 1825 lie established him- 
 self in mercantile business at Westtown, in the town of 
 MinisinU, where he continued a successful tradi^ until 
 1842, when, upon the opening of the Krie Railway, he 
 removed to (ioshon, where he was enabled to i-nlargo his 
 business. 
 
 By his removal lu' .Irrw with him almost the entire 
 trade of Minisinlc. llei-e he engaged in a general mer- 
 
 cantile trade and freighting business, which reached for 
 thirty to forty miles around, Goshen being the nearest 
 supply point to New York for the shipment .il produce. 
 Until nearly the time of his death, which occ\irred Sept. 
 2, 1805, he ranked among the most substantial and en- 
 terprising business men of Goshen, a nniii of integrity, 
 whose plighted word never failed. He was a director in 
 both the Goshen and Orange County Banks for many 
 years. 
 
 Mr. Reevs was a man of independent thought and 
 action, possessed a naturally inquiring mind, and always 
 atlemptod toconipleto wliatever ho undertook when he 
 had once conceived in his mind the object worthy of his 
 support. Although somewhat skeptical aiul in doubt of 
 the truth of Christianity in early manhnod, his convic- 
 tions linally became firm in support of it, and ever after- 
 
 wards he was one of the most devoted supporters of the 
 Christian religion. He became one of the founders of 
 the Methodist Kpiscopal Church at Goshen in 1847, and 
 from that time until his decease he was an earnest, 
 Christian member, superintendent of the Sunday-school, 
 and a liberal sujiporter of that church. lie had an 
 active mind, stored with knowledge acquired by exten- 
 sive reading. His manners were atl'alilo, unobtrusive, 
 gentle, and forbearing, and his heart was full of licnev- 
 olenoe, kindness, and charity. The most luimblo felt at 
 ease in his presenee and were always assured of his 
 sympathy. Formerly a Whig, he became a member of 
 the Kepubliean party u]ion its organization, and by his 
 means and intluenee sustained the Union cause during 
 the late civil war. 
 
 In 1825 he married Azubali, daughter of Scpiire Lee, 
 
 ot Goshen. Of this union were born seven children, 
 three of whom died in childhood. The remaining four 
 now living arc Louisa, wife of J. Seeley Het/.el ; Floyd 
 H., married, Feb. 18, 18();?, Christine, (laughter of John 
 and Hannah (I)e Kay) Cowdrcy, by whom he has two 
 surviving children, Hattie and ('hira, and is the suc- 
 cessor of his father in business :il Goshen ; ('o(^ L., en- 
 listed in the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regiment 
 New York Volunteers in lsi!2, and was one of the few 
 who remained of the original number when they were 
 mustered out in July, 1805; and Klla, wife of Dr. J. B. 
 Arnold, of Nebraska. The mother of these children 
 died January, 1853, aged forty-three years. For his 
 second wife Mr. Reevs married, in 1858, Mrs. Cath- 
 arine J. Millspaugh, of ^Warwick, by whom he had 
 one daughter, Fannie. 
 
WILLIAM KNAFP 
 
 His groat-griuidf'utlicr, WiUiaiii Knapp, was tlie pro- 
 genitor of the family in Orange County, settling here 
 from Horscneck, Conn., when the Indians still claimed 
 a right to their hunting-grounds, and the wolf and bear 
 were frequent visitors to the cabins of the settlers. His 
 land was a part of the Van Horn tract, and contained 
 two hundred and ten acres, most of which remains in 
 the possession of the family in 1881, and a part of which, 
 one hundred and fifteen acres, is the property of the 
 subject of this sketch. 
 
 Upon this wilderness tract of land William Knapp, 
 Sr., resided the remainder of his life, and was among 
 the first in the town of Goshen in the early establish- 
 ment of the manj- interests that are enjoyed and carried 
 on by the present generation. His wife was of Irish 
 birth, and bore him the following children: James, 
 Samuel, and William, the first two of whom took part 
 in the struggle of the colonies for independence, and 
 were killed at the battle of Minisink in 17"'J. 
 
 James, grandfather of William Knapp, our subject, 
 was born in 1735, and being the eldest succeeded to the 
 homestead, the other sons receiving other real estate 
 whicli their father possessed. 
 
 James married Esther Drake, born in 1741, who 
 died at the age of ninety years. Their children were 
 John, Daniel, Nathaniel, James, Stephen, Polly (wife 
 of Stephen Crane), and Sally (wife of William Lucas). 
 Several of these children took possession of the soldiers' 
 right of land, and settled in Cortland County, N. Y. Only 
 John remained, and .succeeded to the homestead property. 
 
 Ho was born Aug. 24, 1705, and died Aug. 1, 1854. His 
 first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of James Sawyer, bore 
 him one child, Betsey, who became the wife of Stephen 
 Valentine. 
 
 His second wife, Eunice, daughter of Jonathan Smith, 
 of Goshen, born Oct. 0, 1775, died !May 2, 1853, and bore 
 him the following children : Abigail, born in 1705, 
 wife of Daniel Wood, resides near Rochester, N. Y. ; 
 Polly, born in 1797, and Fanny, next older, each died 
 at the age of sixteen ; John, born Sept. 1, 1801, died 
 March, 18G0; Gabriel, born in 1804, died in 1867; 
 Dolly, is the wife of Calvin B. Gale, of Goshen ; Wil- 
 liam, subject of this sketch, born April 13, 1812; Thomas, 
 born July 17, 1813, resides in Schuyler County, N. Y. ; 
 Fanny Maria, is the wife of N. C. Coleman, of Goshen ; 
 and Virgil, the youngest, owns and resides upon a part 
 of the homestead. 
 
 William Knapp, son of John, has resided on the 
 homestead farm of four generations during his life. 
 Like his forefathers, ho has never sought public place 
 or the emoluments of office, but has industrious!)' fol- 
 lowed agricultural pursuits, and been known as a man 
 of correct habits, sterling integrity in all the relations 
 of life, and a promoter of all worthy local objects. 
 
 He married, in November, 1857, Hannah Maria, 
 daughter of Robert Kutan, Esq., of Vernon township, 
 Sussex Co., N. J., and who was for many years a justice 
 of the peace in Passaic County, N. J. She was born Feb- 
 ruary, 1827. Their children are Isaac Thomas, Adelia 
 It., William, and John. 
 
oi^<:^^s ':/ca^ic^ 
 
 Oliver B. Tutiiill (Nathixuicl,*^ Nathaniel,^ Freegift,' John,-'' 
 John,- Henryi), of Goshen, N. Y., is seventh in descent from 
 Henry Tuthill, born in England, July 16, 1635, married Deliver- 
 ance King, and settled at Xew Haven, Conn., in 1638, and after- 
 wards, in 1640, at Southhold, L. I., where he reared a family, 
 and where he died Oct. 12, 1717. 
 
 Freegift, above mentioned, was great-grandfather of our sub- 
 ject, born Aug. 8, 1698, at Southhold, L. I., where he learned 
 the tailor's trade. For a time after his marriage to Abigail 
 Goldsmith he resided at Brookhaven, L. I., but in 1730 pur- 
 chased a wilderness tract of some four hundred acres of land in 
 the town of Goshen, upon which he settled, and where after- 
 wards he built a stone house. He died in June, 1727, leaving 
 four children, viz.: Abigail, Nathaniel, Joshua, and Freegift, 
 Jr. The three sons were soldiers in the Revolutionary war, 
 and the latter died in the service. 
 
 Nathaniel, eldest son, born at Brookhaven, L. I., Jan. 17, 
 1730, was at Fort Montgomery when taken by the British, but 
 escaped. He married Margaret, daughter of John Herod, of 
 Long Island, and resided on a part of the homestead in Goshen 
 during his life, where he erected a stone house, now standing, 
 and in which his grandson, subject of this sketch, has resided 
 most of his life. His wife was born Aug. .'i, 1730, and bore him 
 the following children, viz.: Benjamin, Mary (wife of Daniel 
 Bailey), and Nathaniel. He died Sept. 16, 1803. 
 
 Nathaniel Tuthill, born on the homestead Feb. 2, 1768, mar- 
 ried, Feb. 27, 1702, Martha, daughter of Joseph Wiekham, of 
 Hashamomnck, L. I. She was born in 17GS, and died in 1S08, 
 leaving children as follows : Joseph W., was engaged in (Jreen- 
 wuod fuin:ice making cannon balls during the war of 1812, and 
 afterwards spent most of his life as a farmer; John H., was in 
 the war of 1812, and was a farmer; Hector C, was a large 
 farmer in Scmpronius, N. Y., where he settled in 1827, and was 
 a member of the State Legislature from that place in 1848 and 
 in 1849 ; Daniel H., was graduated at Union College, read law, 
 practiced his profession in Warwick, Orange Co., and for some 
 time prior to his death was the law partner of Henry G. Wisner, 
 at Goshen, and was also surrogate of Orange County, 1827-.'J1, 
 apjiointed by Governor Throop; Nathaniel, Jr.; and Oliver 
 Bailey. 
 
 For his secontl wife Nathaniel Tutliil! nmrried Mary Bodle, 
 
 of Wallkill, who bore him one son, William B. Tuthill, who re- 
 sides upon a part of the old homestead. All of the children of 
 the first fiimily are deceased in ISSl, except Oliver B,, subject 
 of this notice, who was born on the homestead Aug. 27, 1805. 
 He resided with his brother. Hector C, from the age of fourteen 
 to twenty, and then purchased one hundred and twenty-seven 
 acres of the homestead farm, where he resided and carried on 
 agricultural pursuits until 1873, when he settled in the village 
 of Goshen. LTpon the erection of the town of Ham])tonburgh a 
 part of his farm, including the buildings, fell inside the line of 
 the new town. While a resident of Hamptonburgh he filled 
 the various offices of school inspector, assessor, and justice of 
 the peace. In 1845 he built a house on another part of his 
 farm in the town of Goshen, where he resided until his removal 
 to Goshen. He united with the Presbyterian Church .it Goshen 
 in 1842, although a Methodist in belief, and in 1817 he was one 
 of the founders and a liberal contributor of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church at Goshen, and since that time has been officially 
 connected with it and influential in its councils. Mr. Tuthill 
 is plain, unostentatious, frank, and honest, and he has ever been 
 esteemed fur his integrity in all his business relations. 
 
 Mr. Tuthill was among the foremost in the temperance move- 
 ment in Orange County in 1S50, and liberally gave his time and 
 means in support of that cause, and with Charles W. Reevs and 
 others did much to lessen the sale and efl'ects of intoxicating 
 liquors. lie became a member of a temperance organization in 
 the county, which was advised by the Orange County Medical 
 Society in 1 828, and has been a sui)porter of its principles since. 
 
 In the fall of 1S52 his name was placed in nomination for mem- 
 ber of Assembly in the First District of Orange County by the 
 friends of the temperance cause, and a respectful vote polleil fur 
 his return, one town, Blooming-Grove, giving a majority for him. 
 
 He married Elmira, daughter of George Thompson, of Bloom- 
 ing-Grove, June 30, 1S30, by whom he had four children, viz. : 
 Ezra Fisk, George N., Martha Elizabeth, and Oliver. His wife, 
 born May 20, 1805, died in May, 1869. 
 
 For his second wife he married Mrs. Melinda, widow of the 
 late John Burr, of Brooklyn, N. Y., who by her first marriage 
 had one daughter, Caroline Stacey, who became the wife of 
 Charles Wiiison, both of whom are deceased, leaving an only 
 daughter, Carrie Grace. 
 
l^e^m/A 
 
 n 
 
 Q>^^^ 
 
 The progenitor of the DurlanJ family in Orani^e County was 
 Charles DurUiml, who came from Long Island in lioti, and was 
 engaged on the frontier in the French-and-Indian war. After 
 the close of the war he married Jane Swartwout and settled 
 on a tract of land adjoining the village of Chester, Orange 
 Co., upon which, in 178.1, he built a house, which is standing 
 in 18Sl,and has been occupied ns the Durland homestead until 
 the present time, lie was exempted from service in the struggle 
 of the colonies for independence, and died about 1800, aged 
 sixty-seven. His children were Mary, Garret, Joseph, John, 
 Charles, Elizabeth, Rosanna, and Samuel, all of whom were 
 married and reared families in Orange County. 
 
 Joseph, son of Charles, and grandfather of De Witt C. Dur- 
 land, born March 31, 1762, was a scout during the close of the 
 Revolutionary war, married Martha Board, of Ringwood, N. J., 
 who bore him children, — Charles; Elizabeth, wife of Jonas 
 King; and James and John, who were both drowned while 
 young in a pond near the homestead. 
 
 By a second wife, Sally, daughter of Samuel Satterly, he 
 had children, — Martha, widow of John M, Bull, of Blooming- 
 Grove; Jonas; Samuel; Kezia, died young; Susan, wife of 
 George Mapes, of Goshen; James; Thomas; and Seciey. 
 
 Joseph Durland inherited a part of the homestead at Chester, 
 upon which he resided during his life. lie was known as a 
 man of strong force of character and a supporter of all worthy 
 local objects, lie assisted in building the first Presbyterian 
 church edifice at that place, of which church his wife was a 
 member. Ilis second wife died May, IS^^S, aged sixty years. 
 Ho died Aug. 28, 1828. His children who survive him are 
 Martha, Thomas, and James, who reside upon tho honiestcal. 
 
 Jonas, son of Joseph Durland, born on the homestead in 
 February, ISO.*?, married Abigail Little, who was born in 1S05 
 and died in October, 1876. He died in 1865. Their children 
 are Martha, wife of Edward A. Millspaugh, a farmer in Goshen ; 
 Orpha J., wife of C. B, Wood, a farmer of Chester; Cornelia, 
 died at the age of twenty-one; Oscar, a fanner in Chester; 
 
 James Seclcy, died at the age of nineteen; Nelson, died in 
 1871, aged thirty-eight, leaving a widow and three children; 
 Do Witt C. ; Sarah, deceased, was tho wife of John C. Walling, 
 of Goshen ; Louisa, died at the age of ten years. 
 
 After his marriage Jonas Durland settled on a farm in Mini- 
 sink, where he remained until 1830, when he purehaseil one 
 hundred and ninety acres of land in the town of Goshen, where 
 the subject of this sketch now resides. He built the present 
 residence on the place in I8i7, and made this his home until 
 his death. He was a thorough-going and well-to-do farmer, 
 and upright in all his dealings with his fellow-uien. Both 
 himself and wife were members of the First Presbyterian 
 Church of Florida, 
 
 Do Witt C, son of Jonas Durland, was burn May 1, IS.'J.'i, 
 and married, Dec. 30 18oS, Marietta, daughter of George S. 
 Conkling and Mary Sceley, of Chester, who died Dec. '.I, 1872, 
 aged thirty -five years, leaving four children,— J. Howard, 
 Murray, Bi-adford C, and Clara M. 
 
 His present wife, whom he married June 10, 1875, is Theresa, 
 eldest in a family of three sons and five daughters of Samuel 
 McCain and Anna Ward, of Hoboken, N. J., and granddaughter 
 of William McCain, who resided at Amity, Orange Co., and 
 whose ancestors were among the early settlers of Warwick. 
 William McCain's wife was Sarah Jennings. 
 
 By his second marriage Mr. Durland has one child, Ella 
 McCaiu Durland. He succeeded to tbe homestead farm in 
 Goshen, party by purchase and partly by inheritance, upon the 
 death of his father, to which he has added one hundred and 
 six acres, having sold a part of the original purchase in small 
 parcels to men engaged in onion-raising, the first sold in tho 
 town of Goshen for that purpose. 
 
 Mr. Durlaml has erected commodious barns on his premises, 
 and all tho appointments about his place show the handiwork 
 of a thrifty and enterprising farmer. He was one of the orig- 
 inal stockholders in tho Goshen and Pine Islanil Railroad, and 
 is a trustee of tho Presbyterian Church at Florida. 
 
II 
 
 «l 
 

 
 
 ^P^Cf.^^Y^ 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 557 
 
 now occupied by Merriam & Corwin, where tliey con- 
 tinued tlieir business until 1849, when they opened a 
 general hardware house, and did a large mercantile 
 business until the retirement of both members of the 
 firm from the active duties of life in 1869. 
 
 Mr. Smith's career, both in business and private 
 life, was one of distinguished integrity and above re- 
 proach. He was of a retiring disposition, uno.stenta- 
 tious in his ways, and always sought the happiness of 
 others, while he enjoyed the common benefits of life 
 accruing to himself. He was never solicitous of any 
 oflBcial position, and preferred the quiet routine of a 
 business life to the bickerings of political strife or the 
 emoluments of oflice. 
 
 Mr. Smith was the senior warden of St. James' 
 Church iit Goshen, and filled that position and the 
 oflice of vestryman for many years. Born with the 
 beginning of the century, he attained the ripe age of 
 eighty years, his death occurring June 4, 1880, and 
 his long life was devoted to kindness to his fellow- 
 men and devotion to his Maker. He left behind him 
 the useful lesson of a good example. 
 
 His wife was Ellen, daughter of Moses and Eleanor 
 (Holly) Sawyer, and granddaughter of James and 
 Elizabeth (Bradner>) Sawyer, of Goshen, born Feb. 23, 
 1817, whom he married Dec. 5, 1838. She died March 
 23, 1864, leaving three children, viz. : Mary Ellen, 
 born Sept. 20, 1839, died Nov. 1, 1858 ; Julia, born 
 Sept. 11, 1843, became the wife of William D. Van 
 Vliet, a merchant at Goshen, and died July 28, 1880,- 
 leaving two children, — John Jewell and Julia Marion ; 
 and John (!)gden Smith, for several years a clerk in 
 his father's store, and for the past few years a clerk in 
 the Goshen National Bank. 
 
 ALFRED WELLS. 
 
 For about one hundred and fifty years the Wells 
 family ha.s been identified with the history of Goshen, 
 Orange Co., N. Y., and the homestead upon which 
 John Wells settled in Goshen about 1735, then a wil- 
 derness tract of land, containing 240 acres, has been 
 successively owned by the members of four genera- 
 tions, and upon it the subject of this sketch has spent 
 his life. 
 
 The progenitor of the Wells family from which 
 Alfred Wells is descended, was Hon. William 
 Wells, who was born at or near Norwich, Norfolk- 
 shire, England, in 1608, and emigrated to America 
 about the year 1635. He was stated to have been a 
 passenger on the ship " Free-Love," of London, 
 Robert Dennis master, June 10, 1635, and was 
 twenty-seven years of age at that time. He was 
 an educated lawyer in England, and high sheriff 
 of New Yorkshire, on Long Island. 
 
 His son. Justice Joshua Wells, was born at South- 
 old, L. I., in 1664, and died there in 1744. John, 
 son of Justice Joshua, born at the same place, Jan. 
 31, 1689, also died there. John, son of John, born at 
 
 the same place about 1715, died in Orange County, 
 July 4, 1776, is supposed to be the first settler of the 
 family in Goshen, and the one mentioned at the be- 
 ginning of this sketch. His son Joshua, born at 
 Goshen in 1744, succeeded to the homestead, upou 
 which he resided during his life, and died in 1819. 
 He was a soldier in the colonial army during the 
 Revolutionary war. 
 
 His wife, Ehoda Booth, was a granddaughter of 
 William Bull and Sarah Wells, who bore him the 
 following children : Mary (wife of George Phillips), 
 John, George, Joshua, Jr., Christina (wife of John 
 Decker), Dolly (wife of Edward Ely), Sarah (wife of 
 James Tuthill). He was one of the early members 
 of the Presbyterian Church at Goshen. 
 
 Of these children, Joshua Wells, Jr., was father 
 of our subject, and was born on the homestead, Sept. 
 6, 1779, and died there in 1867. He carried on the 
 homestead farm during his active business life, was a 
 man of good judgment, correct habits, and strong 
 force of character. He sought to fulfill the full 
 duties of the good citizen, and was known by his 
 fellow-men as a man of sterling integrity, not solici- 
 tous of public place, frank and manly in his ways, 
 and a Christian man. 
 
 His wife was Jemima, daughter of Jonathan Sayer, 
 of the town of Goshen, born in 1779, and who died 
 in 1811, leaving the following children: Adeline 
 (wife of James C. Reeve), Alfred, Mary Jane (died 
 unmarried), Jerome was a physician of Goshen, and 
 died here, and Frances (wife of Adrian Holbert, of 
 Goshen). 
 
 His second wife was Katy Ford, who bore him 
 children, viz. : Julia (wife of John M. Ford) and 
 Elizabeth (unmarried). His second wife died in 
 October, 1834. 
 
 Alfred, son of Joshua Wells, Jr., was born on the 
 homestead, Nov. 17, 1805. His early education was 
 \ received in the common school, and at Farmers' 
 Hall Academy at Goshen. For one term he was a 
 [ teacher, but succeeded to the homestead property, 
 upon which he has spent most of his business life. The 
 present residence on the farm was built by his father 
 during his lifetime, and during the last three years 
 Mr. Wells has caused to be erected one of the finest 
 and most substantial barns in Orange County. Mr. 
 Wells succeeded to the old homestead by inherit- 
 ance, to which he has made an addition of a small 
 parcel of land, and is the possessor of other valuable 
 property besides. 
 
 He is a man of determined effort, judicious in the 
 management of his affairs, and, although far past the 
 active duties of life, finds pleasure in the care and 
 superintendence of the place of his birth, where he 
 and his wife spent so many happy years together. 
 
 Mr. Wells always gave encouragement to all ob- 
 jects of a local nature tending in any way to the pros- 
 perity of the people and the development of interests 
 in his own town, and although, like his forefathers, 
 
558 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK: 
 
 he never sought political place or its emoluments, he 
 has always been a careful observer of the progress of 
 the times, and interested in the establishment of law 
 and order in the country. 
 
 He married in June, 1832, Lydia, daughter of 
 John Nyce, of Wheat Plains, Pike Co., Pa., who was 
 a member of the Presbyterian Church at Goshen, a 
 devoted wife and mother, and died October, 1871, 
 aged sixty-two years. 
 
 Their children are Jerome, prepared for college, 
 but died at Flushing, L. I., in October, 1855 ; James 
 E., a farmer in the town of Goshen; John N., of 
 San Francisco, Cal. ; George W., was graduated at 
 Princeton College in the class of '65, subsequently at 
 the Bellevue Hospital, New York, and is connected 
 with the medical department of the New York Mu- 
 tual Insurance Company; Moses A., a soldier in the 
 late civil war, is a dry-goods merchant in Chicago ; 
 Eugene F., a druggist at Waverly, N. Y. ; Lewis A., 
 died October, 1870 ; Charles S., a farmer in the town 
 of Goshen ; Mary F. (wife of Lewis E. Coleman, of 
 Goshen); Catharine R. (wife of Samuel M. Slaugh- 
 ter, of Wallkill); Charlotte (wife of Samuel W. 
 Slaughter, of Waverly, N. Y.). 
 
 THOMAS THORNE. 
 
 His father, Richard Thorne, of Great Neck, Hemp- 
 stead, L. I., was a wealthy and influential citizen. 
 He served in the Revolutionary war in defense of the 
 colonies, and was taken prisoner by the Hessians. 
 His family consisted of eleven children, of whom the 
 following, Phebe, Betsey, Richard, Henry, Latitia, 
 Sarah, Daniel, William, Thomas, and John, reached 
 manhood and womanhood, and all reared families 
 except Phebe and Betsey. 
 
 Thomas Thorne, son of Richard, was prominently 
 identified with the business interests of Goshen nearly 
 his whole life. His frankness, sociability, genuine 
 good sense, readiness to assist young men starting out 
 in life, generosity in all matters of a local nature tend- 
 ing to the welfare of the community, and his fine busi- 
 ness capacity have made him remembered in Goshen 
 as a man the history of whose life was inseparably 
 connected with many of the leading interests of Goshen 
 for many years. 
 
 He was born at Hempstead, on Long Island, March 
 11, 1774, and at the age of sixteen came to Goshen to 
 reside with his uncles Daniel and William, who then 
 owned the place which afterwards became his home- 
 stead, consisting of about 100 acres, which was a part 
 of the large tract of land formerly owned by Maj. 
 Wood. He was a student at the Farmers' Hall Acad- 
 emy in Goshen when under the supervision of Noah 
 Webster, the lexicographer, but in early manhood 
 turned his attention to business pursuits. He pur- 
 chased the farm of his uncles, which he carried on dur- 
 ing the remainder of his life, and made it one of the 
 most desirable locations, contiguous as it is to Goshen 
 
 village, anywhere to be found in Orange County. On 
 the opposite side of the road from his residence he 
 built a tannery, where, although not a practical tan- 
 ner himself, he successfully carried on business for 
 many years. He dealt largely in cattle for market, 
 supplying Goshen and the surrounding country almost 
 wholly with beef, besides shipping to other markets. 
 Mr. Thorne successfully undertook the improvement 
 of the Rio Grande running through Goshen, by which 
 nearly 1000 acres of boggy and marshy land adjoin- 
 ing the village, inundated for most part of the year, 
 became tillable and rich, productive farming land. 
 
 Mr. Thorne was influential in local matters, was 
 supervisor of Goshen in 1823, and he was one of the 
 loan commissioners for Orange County when great re- 
 sponsibility and care in the management of the pub- 
 lic funds were required. During his busine.S3 career, 
 in middle life, Mr. Thorne signed a sherift''s bond, by 
 which he lost his entire property. Nothing daunted, 
 and with a most remarkable recuperative energy and 
 resolution, he began at the bottom of business, and 
 soon regained a stronger financial position than he had 
 before occupied, and, although late in life, he acquired 
 a large comjietency. 
 
 Mr. Thorne was a promoter of secular interests and 
 good society, and at the time of his decease, April 2, 
 1860, he was the senior warden of St. James' Church, 
 Goshen, and had been for many years one of the liv- 
 ing pillars of that body. His first wife, Mary Het- 
 field, died in 1825, leaving no children. 
 
 His second wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Col. 
 Thomas Waters, who owned some 300 acres of land, 
 a part of the Stewart estate, in Goshen, where he kept 
 slaves to carry it on. He was with the Goshen vol- 
 unteers, and had charge of the horses used to convey 
 them from Goshen to the place where the battle of 
 Minisink was fought, and after many of their riders 
 had been slain in that memorable engagement, Mr. 
 Waters, then a young lad of about sixteen years, safely 
 returned with the horses to Goshen, and first reported 
 the news of the terrible slaughter by Brant and his 
 .soldiers. 
 
 Col. Waters was sheriff of Orange County, and an 
 influential citizen. His wife was Betsey Matthews, 
 who owned a large estate at Washingtonville, known 
 as the " Matthewsfield." 
 
 Elizabeth Waters was born Aug. 28, 1790, married 
 to Mr. Thorne April 9, 1826, and died Nov. 6, 1865. 
 Their children are John W., born Jan. 18, 1829; Mary 
 Elizabeth, died Oct. 11, 1835, at the age of four years ; 
 and Sarah Thurman Thorne, born Jan 16, 1831, re- 
 sides on the homestead at Goshen, and is the wife of 
 J. Francis Matthews, a manufacturer in Middletown 
 for many years. 
 
 JOHN J. HEARD. 
 His paternal great-grandfather, John, emigrated 
 from England during the reign of Queen Anne, and 
 settled at Woodbridge, N. J., where he reared the fol- 
 
^yy2.<r->^^i^^ 
 
 ^V~Z^T_yC_ 
 
His great-grandfather, Johu T. Waiiing, was born in Ire- 
 land, came to America wiiile a young man, and settled in Ver- 
 non township, Sussex Co., N. J. 
 
 He is supposed to have been a man of considerable means, 
 for he took up a large amount of land in that place j and 
 although he died at middle age, he was the possessor of some 
 three thousand jicrcs of land, owning tracts about Hamburg, 
 and nearly all the land from Tompkins Corners to Hamburg. 
 He died on the Charles Do Kay tract, which he owned, in Ver- 
 non. 
 
 His wife was a Miss Baird, who bore him three children, — 
 Sarah (died at the age of six years), Francis, and Joseph. 
 
 Francis, grandfather of our subject, was born about 17S6, and 
 died in 1861. He learned the tanning and currier business of 
 Maj. James "Wheeler, of Warwick, during his minority ; after- 
 wards, with his brother Joseph, went to Cincinnati, where they 
 were engaged in business for a time, and were very successful. 
 Returning, he married Margaret Perry, who bore him the fol- 
 lowing children : Jose])h, Catharine (wife of Nathan Campbell), 
 Sally (wife of Robert T. Martin), Vincen P., Hester, John T., 
 Hannah (wife of Frederick Uulick), Abiah F., Brice P., and 
 William. 
 
 By his second wife, Mrs. Van Court, a sister of CJovernor 
 John Wilcox, who owns Merrit's Island, he had children, — Julia, 
 Harriet, Mary (wife of Alfred Carling), Almeda (wife of Chaun- 
 cey Millspaugh), and Henry C. 
 
 After returning from Cincinnati, Francis Walling engaged 
 in the tanning and currying business at Amity, Orange Co., 
 N. Y., and during the latter part of his life became a large 
 farmer. 
 
 Although his father acquired considerable property, through 
 complications in business matters little was received by his 
 children, and consequently they started out in life with little 
 pecuniary assistance. 
 
 Francis Walling was a thorough-going business man, be- 
 longed to the Old-Line Whig party, but was no seeker after po- 
 litical place. He furnished a substitute for the war of 1812, 
 was patriotic, and a strong supporter of the government. 
 
 Of his children, Joscj'h, born at Amity, in ISOH, ig father of 
 John C. Walling; in early life learned the trade of a tanner of 
 bis father, which he worked at for a short time after his mar- 
 riage, at Hamburg. N. J. He then purchased a farm of ninety- 
 two acres in Vernon township, Sussex Co., N. J., upon which 
 he resided until 1852, when he purchased two hundred and six- 
 teen acres of land in the town of Goshen, Orange Co., N. Y., 
 upon which he has resided since. 
 
 His wife was Margaret, daughter of John Campbell and 
 Hannah Tompkins, of A^crnon, and granddaughter of William 
 Campbell, of Monmouth County, N. J., who was of Scotch de- 
 scent. She was born in ISIO, and died in October, 1880, leav- 
 ing an only child. 
 
 John C. Walling, subject of this sketch, who was born at 
 Hamburg. N. J., April HI, 1830, remained at home, and re- 
 moved with his father to Orange County, where he resides, 
 having purchased one hundred acres of the property settled on 
 by his father in 18r)2, to which ho has added some forty-five 
 acres more. He built his present brick residence in 1859, which, 
 with his commodious barns and the well-ordered appointments 
 of his farm, make his j)lace one of the most desirable in the 
 town of Goshen. Mr. Walling is one of the intelligent farmers 
 and thorough-going business men of the county. The products 
 of his dairy are marketed direct to New York in the form of 
 milk and cream, although for a few years he was engaged in 
 butter-making. 
 
 He married, Oct. 22, 1851, Sarah, daughter uf William and 
 Catherine (Lyons) Thompson, of Vernon township, N. J. She 
 was born Nov. 10, 1829, and died in January, 1858, leaving 
 the following children : George T. and Albert T. 
 
 His second wife was Sarah, daughter of Jonas and Abby 
 Durland, of Goshen, whom he married Dec. 21, 1859, who was 
 born April G, 1837, and died March 28, 186fi, leaving no chil- 
 dren. 
 
 His present wife, whom he married Jan. 1, 1S67, is Anna, 
 daughter of Samuel T. and Phebe P. (Pearsall) Seaman, of 
 Cornwall, N, Y., who was born April 22, 1837. The children 
 born of this union are Joseph, Maggie C, Carrie T., and John. 
 
"^/^^Ulr^^t. 
 
 Thomas, Joseph, and James Sayer, brothers, were 
 natives of Wales, and emigrated to America. Thomas 
 resided at Eiizabethtown, N. J., as a deed, dated 1704, 
 was given by Benjamin Parlchurst to him, conveying 
 six acres of land there, which is now in the posses- 
 sion of the subject of this sketch. 
 
 Joseph, great-grandfather of Walter H. Sayer, was 
 the first settler of the family in Orange County, 
 and had children, — James, John, Daniel, and Jona- 
 than. James, grandfather of Walter H. Sayer, was 
 born in 1731, and died in 1821. He settled on four 
 hundred acres of land in the southern part of the 
 town of Goshen, on the main road leading from Ches- 
 ter to Florida, then a wilderness tract, upon which he 
 resided the remainder of his life, and there died. He 
 built the central part of the house now standing, and 
 at his death the property was divided among his 
 children. By his first wife (Mary Mapes) he had 
 cue daughter, Mary, who married Daniel Poppino. 
 By his second wife, Mary Goldsmith, of Long Island, 
 he had three children, — James, William, and Ruth, 
 who became the wife of Egbert Jessup, of Goshen. 
 James was never married, and died at the age of sixty. 
 He was a captain in the war of 1812. 
 
 William, born Nov. 28, 1789, married, in 1811, 
 Martha, daughter of Richard Jackson, of Goshen, 
 who was born Nov. 12, 1789, and died in January, 
 1869. His children are Augusta L., Walter H., 
 George M., Jane S., Mary G., Harriet T. (wife of 
 John Jessup, a farmer), Sarah E. (wife of Wil- 
 liam L. Vail, a merchant of Warwick), Helen A. 
 (widow of James S. Seely, of Warwick), and Wil- 
 liam H. 
 
 William Sayer resided on a part of the homestead 
 — ninety acres — during his life, and carried on farm- 
 ing. He also was largely engaged as a dealer in cat- 
 tle, which he marketed at Newburgh and New York. 
 He was widely and favorably known in Orange County 
 as a strictly honest man and a good citizen. He was 
 an attendant of the Presbyterian Church at Florida, 
 of which his wife was a devoted member, and a liberal 
 supporter of all that makes up morality and order in 
 society. He died suddenly, of sunstroke, in June, 
 1840. 
 
 Walter H. Sayer, born Sept. 15, 1814, is unmar- 
 ried, has resided on the homestead during his life, is a 
 plain, unassuming man, and seeks to fulfill the full 
 duties of the good citizen. 
 
'I 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 559 
 
 lowing children : William ; Nathaniel ; Phebe, wife 
 of John Taylor, of Amboy ; Sarah, wife of James 
 Smith, of Woodbridge ; and Mary, wife of Cyrenius 
 Van Mater, of Middletown Point. Of these children, 
 William was grandfather of our subject, and reared 
 a family of five sons — John, James, Samuel, Capt. 
 Phineas, William — and one daughter, — Delia, — and 
 resided at Woodbridge. Capt. Phineas Heard com- 
 manded a company of light-horse cavalry iu the Rev- 
 olutionary war. Nathaniel, son of the emigrant John 
 Heard, was a general in the Revolutionary war, and 
 liad two sons also in the war, viz.: Gen. John Heard 
 and James. 
 
 Phineas Heard, fourth son of William, removed to 
 Orange County, and owned some 200 acres of land in 
 the town of Blooming-Grove, where he carried on farm- 
 ing, and where he died about 1812, leaving by his sec- 
 ond marriage one child, John ,T. Heard, the subject 
 of this sketch. By his first marriage he had several 
 sons and daughters, of whom Charles was a large 
 cattle-dealer, and well known in this and other States 
 among stock-men. He was the keeper of the famous 
 " Heard Cattle Stand," in the town of Hamptonburgh. 
 His second wife was Hester, daughter of James Board, 
 eldest of three brothers (others, David and Joseph), 
 who came from England and settled in Ringwood, 
 N. J., and whose wife was Ann Schuyler. His house 
 was the welcome and hospitable stopping-place for 
 officers and soldiers in the Continental army during 
 the Revolutionary war. 
 
 After the death of her husband Mrs. Heard re- 
 moved to Goshen, and took up her residence with An- 
 thony Dobbin, who married her sister, Ann Board. 
 The Board children were four sons and three daugh- 
 ters. 
 
 Mr. Dobbin's house was made in those days the 
 popular stopping-place of the Governor of the State 
 on occasions of a review of the State troops, and also 
 of judges and other men of note. Mrs. Heard resided 
 here until her death, on May 17, 1857, being ninety- 
 two years of age. Her sister, Mrs. Dobbin, died March 
 4th the same year, aged ninety years. 
 
 Young Heard was five years old when his mother 
 came to Goshen, having been born July 5, 1807, on 
 the homestead in Blooming-Grove. During his boy- 
 hood he received a good education in the public 
 schools of Goshen, but early decided to lead a busi- 
 ness life. His uncle died, leaving no children, before 
 John reached his majority, and thus he was looked 
 upon by his aunt as the only male representative to 
 take charge of the farm after the death of her hus- 
 band. A portion of this farm is in the corporate lim- 
 its of Goshen, and now forms a part of the village, 
 upon which substantial residences have been built 
 since its ownersliip by Mr. Heard. Mr. Heard has 
 spent his entire life upon this farm since his first 
 settlement there in 1812, the property coming to him 
 from his aunt and mother. In 1877 he remodeled 
 the old residence, adding a brick structure, and now 
 
 has one of the most substantial and pleasant resi- 
 dences in Goshen. 
 
 Although his life has been spent as a farmer, he 
 has been interested and taken an active part in most 
 local worthy enterprises tending to the prosperity of 
 Goshen and the welfare of its citizens. He was an 
 influential member for many years of the Board of 
 Trustees of the Presbyterian Church, until the build- 
 ing of the present church edifice, when he resigned, 
 and has been a member of that church for thirty 
 years. For several years he was a trustee of the Far- 
 mers' Hall Academy at Goshen, and he has always 
 been a promoter of educational and religious inter- 
 ests in the community. For upwards of twenty 
 years Mr. Heard has been one of the State Loan 
 Commissioners for Orange County, and his judicious 
 investment of funds has reflected much credit upon 
 himself for his integrity and safe counsel in these 
 business relations. In 1855 he was appointed by the 
 court, with Hon. James G. Graham and Beverly' 
 Johnston, Esq., of Newburgh, as commissioners to 
 assess the damages to land-owners by the laying out 
 of the Short-Cut Railway in Orange County. Also, 
 in 1869, with Hon. Homer A. Nelson, then Secretary 
 of State, and Hon. Charles Wheaton, both of Pough- 
 keepsie, N. Y., to assess like damages on the Port 
 Jervis and Monticello Railroad. Also, in 1870-71, with 
 Hon. S. W. FuUerton and David A. Scott, Esq., both 
 of Newburgh, to assess like damages on the Pough- 
 keepsie and Eastern Railroad in Duchess County. 
 Also, in 1869, with D. A. Scott, Esq., of Orange, and 
 Hon. Saxton Smith, of Putnam County, to equalize 
 the taxes of Duchess County ; and also, in 1869-70, he 
 was appointed, with D. A. Scott, Esq., and others, to 
 assess damages by laying out and other street matters 
 in Newburgh. He was assistant United States rev- 
 enue assessor, 1866-69, president of the (Jrange County 
 Agricultural Society one term, and one of its mana- 
 ging members for many years ; has been appointed by 
 the court as commissioner and referee in every town 
 in the county in highway matters; has acted as ex- 
 ecutor and administrator ibr several estates, and in all 
 these places of trust and responsibility his integrity 
 has remained unquestioned. 
 
 He married, Aug. 20, 1833, Mary, daughter of Isaac 
 and Keturah (Reeve) Van Duzer, of Cornwall, sister 
 of the late Isaac R. Van Duzer, a well-known and 
 prominent attorney of Goshen. She was born Aug. 
 12, 1812. 
 
 Their children are Isaac, an ex-State senator of 
 Minnesota, and prominent lawyer of St. Paul, in that 
 State ; Eliza A. F. ; James B., a merchant of Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa. ; Jennie, wife of N. K. Delevan, of Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa. ; Emma ; Julia W. ; Catharine, wife of A. 
 DuBois Staats, a lawyer of Goshen ; and Fanny 
 Benton Heard. 
 
560 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 GARRET THEW. 
 
 The progenitor of the Thew family in Kockhind 
 County was of Welsh origin, was a sea-captain, and 
 settled in New York. One of his descendants, Daniel 
 Thew, was a lawyer, practicing his profession here in 
 1791. The grandfather of Garret Thew was John, 
 who resided in Rockland County, and by his first 
 marriage with Alche Cooper, who was born in 1720, 
 had the following children : Gilbert, born in 1756 ; 
 Garret, born in 1758 ; John, born in 1760, died in 
 1822 ; and Tunis, born in 1763. For his second wife 
 he married a Miss Blauvelt, who bore him one son, 
 James, who was the father of our subject. 
 
 James Thew married Sarah Snedeker, who bore 
 him three sons, viz. : Garret; John, died in 1822, aged 
 twenty -two ; James, died before reaching his majority. 
 She died in 1836. James Thew resided at Rockland 
 Lake, in Rockland Co., N. Y., for a while after his 
 marriage, but removed to Hohokus, N. J., where he 
 carried on a card and cloth-dressing mill, and was a 
 clothier. He died at the age of thirty-two, in 1804. 
 
 Garret, only surviving son of James and Sarah 
 Thew, was born at Rockland Lake, Oct. 27, 1798. 
 Upon the death of his father, when Garret was only 
 six years old, the family was left almost to depend 
 upon their own resources for existence. From eleven 
 to fourteen years of age he worked on a farm. At 
 the latter age he went to New York and apprenticed 
 himself to learn the carpenter's trade. After com- 
 pleting this, he worked at the trade for eleven years 
 as journeyman. In 1826 he married Abigail, daughter 
 of John and Hannah (Gurnee) Thew, of Hampton- 
 burgh, Orange Co. John Thew was son of John and 
 Alche Thew, before spoken of in this sketch. After 
 his marriage Mr. Thew settled on the old homestead 
 of his father-in-law, in Hamptonburgh, where he re- 
 sided for ten years. He then purchased a farm in 
 Warwick, near Florida, of 170 acres, upon which he 
 resided until 1849, when he purchased the Gen. 
 Sawyer place in the town of Goshen, containing 220 
 acres. 
 
 By economy and judicious management he had 
 accumulated sufficient means, so that he soon paid 
 for this property, upon which he resided until 1866. 
 His wife died in 1864, aged sixty-nine years and 
 eleven months, leaving an only child, Elizabeth T., 
 who became the wife of Dr. William P. Townsend, 
 for many years a prominent physician in Goshen, and 
 who died leaving five children, viz. : Garret Thew, 
 Mattie Wilder, Alice, Charles Emerson, and Edith. 
 
 Upon retiring from the active duties of life, in 
 1866, Mr. Thew took up his residence with his 
 daughter, Mrs. Townsend, in Goshen, where, in 1881, 
 he resides, and retains in a remarkable degree the 
 vigor of body and mind common to men much 
 younger in years. He was a member of the Florida 
 Presbyterian Church while a resident in Warwick, 
 and has been a member of the Presbyterian Church 
 in Goshen since his residence here, and for a part of 
 
 the time he has acted as one of the trustees of the 
 church. Mr. Thew was known as a representative 
 agriculturist, a man of sound judgment, a judicious 
 financier, and an honest man. 
 
 Both of his grandfathers were soldiers in the Revo- 
 lutionary war, and he was in the service for a short 
 time in the war of 1812. 
 
 WILLIAM B. TUTHILL. 
 
 William B. Tuthill is a half-brother of Oliver B. 
 
 Tuthill, whose sketch gives an outline history of the 
 
 ancestors of the Tuthill family, and will be found on 
 
 another page of this work. For his second wife Wil- 
 
 ^li/'^'^/h 
 
 <:::(- ^caAIx/vCX^ 
 
 Ham B. Tuthill's father married Mary, eldest of twelve 
 children of Judge William Bodle, of Hamptonburgh, 
 Orange Co. Judge Bodle was in the battle of Fort 
 Montgomery, was judge of the county, justice of the 
 peace, first elder in the Presbyterian Church at 
 Goshen, was a farmer by occupation, and died in 
 Tompkins Co., N. Y., at the age of ninety-two. Mrs. 
 Tuthill was born Aug. 6, 1771, was married March 24, 
 1810, and died May 12, 1861. He was born in Feb- 
 ruary, 1768, and died March 28, 1846. 
 
 William B., son of Nathaniel and Mary Tuthill, 
 was born on the homestead, April 21, 1811, married, 
 Jan. 31, 1833, Mary, daughter of Abimael and Mary 
 (Harlow) Young, of Blooming-Grove, who was born 
 Sept. 9, 1810. Their children are as follows ; Charles 
 Bodle; William Young; Mary Vashti, died young; 
 James; Sarah Frances, wife of Jewett M. Ashman, of 
 Goshen; Nathaniel B. and Harvey Wickham, died 
 young. 
 
The Iloyt fjuiiily is luoTitiotied among the first settlors of New Eng- 
 land, and Simon Iloj't (Iloytc) is mentioned witii otlni'r names in tlie 
 earliest records in the settlement of Charlestoun, Mass., in I(;28, and is 
 snpiiQsed to he the progenitor of the family in New England. Joseph, 
 grandfather of James W. Hoyt, resided on Norodon Hill, near Stam- 
 ford, Conn., where he reared two sons, Joseph and Ilezekiah, and two 
 danghtere, Sarah and Hannah. 
 
 Hezekiah, son of Joseph, born on Norodon Hill, April 1 , 177G, married 
 Esther Sellick, of Stamford, Conn., wlio was born Nov. 10, 1780. He 
 settled with his family in the town of Wallkill, Orange Co., abont tlie 
 year 1808, where he carried on farming until the death of his wife, Doc. 
 24, 1824, when he took np his residence with his daughtei-, Mrs. Miller, 
 of Middletown, ami there remained nntil his death. Feb. 17, ISS.'j. He 
 served in the war of 1812. His wife was a devoted woman to her family, 
 and a member of the Congregational Church. 
 
 Their children were Isaac; Hezekiah; William; Caroline, wifi'of.lohn 
 Arnold, who died in Luzerne County, Pa. ; Harriet, widow of tlio late Ly- 
 man B. Miller, of Middletown ; Maria, wife of Edward Seward, of 
 Arlington, N. J. ; James W., subject of this sketch; Henry W., died in 
 1824; and Gilbert F., who died the same year. 
 
 James W. Hoyt was born April 5, ISIG, and at the age of ten years 
 became a clerk in the store of his brother William, at Bloomingburgh. 
 In 1836 he staited a store at Amity, Orange Co., witti his brothei Heze- 
 kiah, where he remained in business only two years, and was then in 
 mercantile business with Albert Millspaugh for two years at Bloom- 
 ingburgh, and sold out the business, unfortunately losing all in the 
 sale. 
 
 Ue then settled in Bnrlinghani, Sullivan Co., where his name first 
 came before the public as constable and collector, which offices he filleil 
 for two years. For two years following lie was a merchant at Middle- 
 town, and for one year thereafter took charge of a store for his brother 
 Isaac, at Newport, on the Wallkill. He was proprietor of the Frankiin 
 House, at Middletown, in 1855, and in 1859 he purch.ased the Union 
 House at that place, which he conducted until the close of the war. 
 Dnring the civil war he espoused the Union canse, and was zealous 
 and liberal, more than commensnrato with his means, in giving his 
 time and money and making his house the welcome and free home of the 
 needy suldierand the homeless patriot. His house was the headqiiarters 
 for recrniting and filling the ranks with new men. Not only did he do 
 this, but he gave two of his sons to serve in their couritiy's ciiuse. 
 
 In 1867 he settled on a farm in the town of Goshen. In 1871 he was 
 
 appointed under sheriff by Sheriff Weygant, and, after serving three 
 years, he was elected, in the fall of 1874, sherift of Orange County, which 
 office he creditably filled for one term. Upon the expiiation of his term 
 as shei iff he purchased and settled on the farm where he now I'osides, 
 commanding a view of the village of Goshi-n. In tlie fall cf 1877 he 
 was elected from the SecoTid Assembly District of Orange County, and 
 served one term in the State Legislature. Althougli Mr. Hoyt had 
 limiteil opportnnitiea while young for edncation from books, his native 
 energy and active busines*) capacity, with a good knowledge of men 
 and things, have given him a place among the widely-known men of 
 Orange County. 
 
 Ho nuuried, Sept. 20, 1808, Loretta A., daughter of Maliar W. and 
 Rachel (Norris) Ilorton, of Bloomingburgh, Snllivan Co., N. Y. Her 
 father, born May 15, 1787, died .\ng. 5, 1806; her mother, born April 5, 
 179G, died Feb. 20, 1859 The children of Mahar W. Horton were Harman 
 N.; Loretta A., born Jnly 20, 1817; Harriet, wife of Tlionas K. Beyea, of 
 Fair Oaks, Orange Co.; and Napoleon. ]\Iahar W. Horton was an in- 
 fluential man in Sullivan County, and served as sherift'of tlie county 
 fin- three terms, and for several terms as UTider sheriff. Mahar W. 
 Horton was son of Eliliu, grandson of S las, and great-gnind.si)n of Bar- 
 nabas Horton, a native of Long Island, who hecamo one of the early 
 settlers of Goshen in 1732. 
 
 The children of James W. Hoyt are Mahar Henry ; Isaac, enlisted in 
 the beginning of the hite civil war in the Eighteenth Regiment, was in 
 the battles of Bidl Run, Fredericksburg, Wdliamsburg, West Point, Va., 
 Giiines' Mills, Seven Days' Fight at Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Chancel- 
 loi-sville, and .■Vntietam. Upon the exprmtion of his term of service — 
 two years — he became dispatcher under Gen. McColInm during Sher- 
 man's march to Atlanta, and remained in service until the close of the 
 war; Hezekiah W., enlisted in the Nineteenth Regiment, and served 
 for three months, guarding Baltimore. He then re-enlisted fur nine 
 months, and at the end of that time was transferred to the One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-fii-st Regiment, and Wiis in the battles of Fredericks- 
 burg, Wilderness. Spotfsylvania, Cold Harbor, Gettysburg, and was with 
 the memorable bloody Sixth Corps, under Sheridan, in the Shenandoah 
 Valley at the battle of Winchester. He was honoiably discharged 
 about one month before the close of the war by Pi'esident Lincidn; 
 James W., born Nov. 25, 1S48, died June 1, 185:t ; Mary Louisa, wife of 
 Charles W. Coleman; James W. (2), horn Nov. 12, 1855, died Dec. 2n, 
 1856; Hattie A., born April 14, 1858, died Sept. 22, 1858 ; and Wintield 
 S. Hoyt. 
 
qJ tc^l^yyuy-i^^' (^n-^^^i^^t^ 
 
 His great-grnndfather, Henry Smith, was born in Enghmd, 
 and settled in Goshen, Orange Co., about 1743, where he pur- 
 chased one hundred and seven acres of land, for wliieh he paid 
 furty pounds. He subsequently bought another parcel of land 
 in the same town, upon which he resided until his death. His 
 wife's name was Joanna. 
 
 His children were Henry, Stephen, Caleb, Abigail, Phobe, 
 Joanna, Elizabeth, and Hannah, of whom Caleb was grand- 
 father of our subject, and resided on the homestead or first 
 purchase by his father, to which ho added other land during 
 his life. He died in 1784, leaving the following; children : 
 Henry C, Stephen, Caleb, John, Joshua, and Abby, wife of 
 Major Tusten. 
 
 Stephen, born on the homestead in 1765, married Sarah, 
 daughter of Benjamin Conkling, whose ancestors settled on 
 Long Island during tho early history of this country. Ben- 
 jamin Conlcling first removed to Connecticut, and subsequently 
 settled in Goshen. 
 
 Stephen Smith resided on the homestead of his father, then 
 comprising about one hundred and fifty acres, to which he suc- 
 ceeded partly by purchase, from ISOO until his death, which 
 occurred May 31, 1824, and was known as a man of sound 
 judgment, a good farmer, and an upright man. 
 
 He was a member of the Presbyterian Church at Goshen 
 when the church edifice was located where the court-house now 
 stands, and was a liberal contributor to early church and school 
 interests. He belonged to the school of Jeffersonian Demo- 
 crats, but took no very active part in jiolitical matters outside 
 of his own town. 
 
 His wife was born in 1765, and died April 27, 181S. Their 
 children were Elizabeth, wife of James Van Duzer; Abigail, 
 wife of Henry Smith; Benjamin C, who was in the war of 
 1812; Sarah, wife of Joshua Smith; Stephen, subject of this 
 sketch; Joseph R. ; and John A. ; all of whom are deceased in 
 ISSl except Stephen, wlm was born on the houicstcad. .Tune 16, 
 1799. 
 
 His early education from books was limited to a short 
 attendance at the district school, but he became Tamiliar 
 during his minority with what makes a practical business 
 education, as his successful business career has in after life 
 developed. 
 
 He married, Dec. 19, 1822, Matilda, daughter of Timothy 
 Wood and Dolly Carpenter. Her grandmother AVood was one 
 of the six daughters of Henry Smith, before alluded to. She 
 was born Dec. 15, 1804, was devoted to her family, her friends, 
 of whom she had many, and to the church of which she was a 
 member nearly her whole life, and died Jan. 28, 1881. The 
 children born of this union are Sarah E., widow of 0. B. Vail, 
 of Middletown, and Stephen Augustus, whose wife is Harriet 
 A., daughter of John B. and Hetta A. (Horton) Hulse, of Wall- 
 kill. 
 
 After the death of his father, Mr. Smith rented the homestead 
 for a few years, but in 1830 came into possession of it partly by- 
 purchase and partly by inheritance. He built his present resi- 
 dence in 1837. Mr. Smith has spent his life on this place, the 
 homestead of his forefathers, and has well kept up the reputa- 
 tion of the family for thrift, industry, and good management 
 in agricultural pursuits. Even at the age of eighty-two years 
 his activity of body, his apparent healthy and vigorous consti- 
 tution, and his retentive memory are wonderful, and not often 
 found common to men of even threescore years. 
 
 Ho has been a member of the Presbyterian Church since 1815, 
 and a part of the time deacon. 
 
 For fifty-nine years Mr. and Mrs. Smith were spared to live 
 together, and their home was always the welcome resting-jdacc 
 for the weary traveler, and their hospitality was ever extended 
 to their many friends. 
 
 Mr. Smith has been a trustee of the Presbyterian Church for 
 forty-five years; was assessor of his town for nine years, and 
 has often been selected to act as guardian, executor, and admin- 
 istrat'ir of estates, in all of which oflieial tru^t.■^ he has had the 
 full confidence of all interested. 
 
il 
 
^^^c/?-^^ 
 
 O-L^^ 
 
 The pro^eultor of Uic Hycrrfon family on Lon^ I^lan.l was 
 Martin Uycrsou, who came from Ain.-terdam, and stttled first 
 at Flatbush, and afterwards at tlic Wallabout, Long Island. Of 
 his five sons, Joris, with two of his brothers, Rycr and Francis, 
 settled in New York, and subsequently removed, about 1701, 
 to Bergen County, N. J., and were the first settlers of Pacquanae. 
 Joris married Sarah .^chnuten. who died in 1743, by whom he 
 had four sons and four daughters, — John, Martin, George, 
 Lucas, Mary, Blandina, Klizabeth, and Ann. Martin, sou of 
 Joris, married Catherine Coxe, and settled in Hunterdon County. 
 N. J., near Flemingtnn, on the south branch of the Raritan. 
 lie was a surveyor and one of the king's judges, also a colonel 
 of the militia. He had five sons and four daughters. Of these 
 children, Martin, John, and William A., with their widowed 
 mother, removed to Sussex County, N. J., in the year 1770, 
 where each reared families. 
 
 Martin married Rhoda, daughter of Benjamin Hull, who 
 bore him tlie fullowing children who grew to maturity: Jesse, 
 David, Anna, Einma, Thomas C, and Elizabeth, who became 
 the wife of Robert A. Linn. 
 
 Thomas C. died in lS:i8, then a judge of the Supreme Court 
 of New Jersey, and one of his sons, Martin, was subsequently 
 a judge of the same court; a second, Thomas, is a practicing 
 physician in Newton, N. J,; a third, Henry Ogden, was an 
 officer in the late Rebellion ; and a daughter became the wife of 
 Thomas F. Anderson, of Newton, N. J. One of the sons 
 who came from Bergen County with their widowed mother was 
 grandfather of our subject, and settled in Vernon township, 
 Sussex Co., N. J., where he died, leaving by his fii-st marriage 
 the following children : John, resided in Ohio and died in In- 
 diana; Hassel, resided in Vernon, was thrown oft' his horse 
 and killed, his family afterwards removing to Ohio; Peter, was 
 a farmer in Vernon ; and Nicholas. By his second marriage 
 he had the following children: Jane, wife of Henry Post, 
 of Orange County; Bolly, wife first of Abram Ryerson, and 
 second of John Snyder, of Bergen County, N. J.; and Cath- 
 erine, married George Manderville, and died in Bergen County. 
 
 Of these children, Nicholas was father of our subject, and 
 was a boy when his parents settled in Vernon. He was born 
 April 8, 1781, early in life Icarncil the blacksmith's trade, sub- 
 sequently became a large farmer in Vernon, and followed 
 droving. He was a man of great activity, temperate in his 
 habits, and never used tobncco or liquor; lived to an advanced 
 age, and died Jan, 2, I8GS. His wife, Anna Farver, born Nov. 
 
 2H, 1787, died March 15, 187-i, and both were buried at Amity, 
 Orange Co. Their children arc Klizabeth, wife of Amos Mun- 
 son, of Wantage, N. J. ; John N., subject of this sketch ; Anna, 
 wife of George W. Houston, of Middletown, N. Y. ; Peter N., 
 of Vernon; Delia, wife of Peter J. Brown, of Vernon; Nich- 
 olas N., oi^ Wantage; Abigail, wife of John T. Walling, nf 
 Amity, N. Y.; Catherine, wife of Evi Martin, of Amity; and 
 Jane, wife of Abiah F. AValling, of Wawayanda. 
 
 John N. Ryerson was born in the town of Vernfin, Sussex 
 Co., N. J., March 12, 1809. He receivcil a fair education 
 during his boyhood, but at the age of fifteen began his business 
 career by establishing himself in the grocery trade at Pat- 
 erson, N. J., where he continued for six years. 
 
 After reaching his majority, until ISo-l, he carried on fanning 
 in Vernon, Bergen County, Wantage, and a second time in \'cr- 
 non, N. J., when he purchased five hundred acres of land in the 
 town of Goshen, a part of which he subsequently sold. In 1S5G 
 he purchased his present farm of one hundred and fifty acres, 
 located within the corporate limits of the village of Goshen. 
 This land Mr. Ryerson has brought into a high state of culti- 
 vation, and the ])roducts of his dairy he sends daily Iiy rail- 
 road to New York City in the form of cream and milk. Mr. 
 Ryerson may be safely classed among the substantial farmers 
 and enterprising agriculturalists of Orange County, and has 
 devoted liis whole life to business ])ursuits. With Peter J. 
 Brown, of Vernon, he spent the year LS.'iO in California in the 
 grocery business. He was formerly a Whig, then a Rejtublican, 
 and a firm supporter of the Union cause during the late civil 
 war. 
 
 He married first, in August, 1S28, Hannah, daughter of 
 Abram Van Houton, of Paterson, N. J., who was born in 1810, 
 and died in 1832. The children of this union were Annie, who 
 was the wife of Adam Terhune, of Paterson, and died in 1851 ; 
 Amos, is a farmer of Wawayanda; Abram, is a farmer in Hamp- 
 tonburgh ; and Catherine, wife of Joshua Holbert, of Chemung 
 County, N. X. 
 
 For his second wife he married, Dec. 3, 1830, Hannah, 
 daughter of Daniel Bailey, of Glenwood, N. J., who was born 
 June 21), 1820. The children are Hannah, wife of William 
 Holbert, of Chemung County; Elizabeth, wife of Jesse A. 
 Holbert. of Goshen; Mary, wife of Daniel Carpenter, of 
 Goslien : Annie, wife of J. B. Slawson, of Jersey City; John 
 B. : and Daniel B. Both Mr. and Mrs. Ryerson are attendants 
 of the Presbyterian Church at Goshen. 
 
His father, Stewart Voun<;, was born near London- 
 derry, Ireland, in 1785, and during his early life was a 
 linen-weaver and farmer in his native country. With 
 his wife, llarffaret, daughter of Joseph AVatson, and 
 daughter Margaret, he came to Anfierica in 1817, stop- 
 ping for a few months at St. John, N. B. From thence 
 he proceeded to Boston, and about the year 1820 removed 
 with his family to Craigvillc, Orange Co., where he re- 
 sided until his death, at the ago of fifty-two. His wife, 
 born in 1795, survived him, and died at the ngeof sixty- 
 five. Both were hurled in the Greycourt Cemetery. 
 
 Their children were Margaret ; Robert, subject of this 
 sketch; James, of Chemung County; Joseph W., a 
 farmer in Steuben County ; Frances J., deceased, who 
 was the wife of Horace Mapes, of Monroe; John, de- 
 ceased ; Stewart, who carries on a creamery in War- 
 wiclc ; Eliza K., widow of William Sutton, of Warwick ; 
 Matthew, a farmer in Monroe: Alexander, of Carson 
 City. 
 
 Robert Young was born in the city of Boston, Dec. 
 25, 1818, and was only able to obtain the advantages of 
 a common-school educat'on in boyhood ; but he early 
 learned those inestimable lessons that industry, pru- 
 dence, and economy are the foundations of a successful 
 business career. By his own savings he, in 1845, felt 
 able to buy a farm in Sullivan Co., N. Y., upon which, 
 however, he never settled, but sold it in 1848. In No- 
 vember of that year he married Margaret, daughter of 
 Abram B. and Hannah (Harlow) Watkins, of Hamp- 
 tonburgh. Orange Co., who was born May 27, 1814. Her 
 father died in 1859, at the age of eighty-four years, 
 leaving six sons and seven daughters, of whom only two 
 
 sons and two daughters survive in 1881. She is a grand- 
 daughter of Benjamin Hiirlow, of Hamptonburgh. 
 
 For some time prior to his nuirriage, and for three 
 years altogether, Mr. Young was engaged in the milk 
 business in New York City. In 1851 he purchased the 
 farm upon which he now resides, containing one hun- 
 dred and ten acres, which, by addition and sales, only 
 contains seventy-two acres. To this property he has 
 added other real estate in the town of Goshen and in 
 Sullivan County, and is one of the thrifty, enterprising, 
 well-to-do, and judicious farmers of Orange County. 
 The products of his dairy are daily sent by him direct 
 to the New York market in the form of milk. 
 
 Mr. Young's business career is only another illustra- 
 tion of the many in this country where industry and 
 self-reliance result in the accumulation of a fair compe- 
 tency, and where honest labor is rewarded with satis- 
 factory compensation. He has been very little connected 
 with town matters, except to serve as census enumerator 
 for the Second Election District of Goshen in 1880, ap- 
 pointed by Marshal Frederick Bodine, and to hold 
 some minor otEces. He has been a director of the 
 Goshen and Pine Island Railroad since its organiza- 
 tion. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Young are attendants of the First 
 Presbyterian Church of Florida, Orange Co., of which 
 she is a member and he has been a trustee for many 
 years. Their children are Margaret, wife of William 
 T. Jayne, a farmer in the town of Goshen, and Robert 
 G. Young, who resides upon the homestead, and married 
 Nettie, daughter of Alanson Slaughter and Mary Ann 
 Bailey, of Wallkill, Orange Co. 
 
John Sears Crane, M.D., the only son of John 
 and Abigail Crane, was born in the town of Goshen, 
 Aug. 3, 1795. 
 
 He entered Princeton College in 1815, and gradu- 
 ated in ISIS. .In June, ISGS, he was one of the 
 seven survivors of his class who celebrated the fiftieth 
 anniversary of their graduation from the college. 
 
 He studied medicine under Dr. Hosack, in New 
 York City, and was admitted to membership in the 
 State 5Iedieal Society, March 16, 1822, and in the 
 Medical Society of Orange County, July 22, 1822, 
 Drs. David R. Arnell and E. Jansen being the presi- 
 dent and secretary of both societies. 
 
 April 18, 1822, he was married to Miss Sarah 
 Smith, of Goshen, and of the six children by this 
 union three still survive. He began the practice of 
 medicine in Milford, Fa., extending his tours as far 
 as Lackawaxen, much of which was accomplished on 
 horseback through the woods and by an uncertain 
 foot-path. His health being unequal to the labor, 
 he engaged in the general store business in Goshen 
 with Benjamin Strong, his brother-in-law. 
 
 " He was appointed surgeon's mate of a separate 
 battalion of infantry attached to the Nineteenth Bri- 
 gade of Infantry of New York State, with rank from 
 Oct. 12, 1825, under De Witt Clinton, Governor, 
 General and Cuniniander-in-Chief of all the Militia, 
 and Admiral of the Navy of the State. N. F. Beck, 
 Adjutant-General. 
 
 "On the 29lh of September, 1S2(), he took the 
 oath of ofiBce before Asa Dunning, clerk of the 
 county of Orange." 
 
 In 183T he and John C. Wallace, Esq., entered 
 into the store partner.ship, from which lie retired in 
 1855. At the organization and incorporation of the 
 Orange County Mutual Fire Insurance Company, in 
 1837, he was elected and continued to be its first 
 president till his death. In 1851 he was elected a di- 
 rector of the newly organized Goshen Bank, and con- 
 tinued such during his life. His name for many 
 years appears among the officers of Farmers' Hall 
 Academy. He united with the Goshen Presbyterian 
 Church, under Rev. Ezra Fisk, D.D., April 28, 
 lSol,and was elected a ruling elder therein Dec. 21, 
 1858. He was an untiring librarian and occasional 
 superintendent of the Sabbath-school almost from its 
 beginning up to three weeks before his death. For 
 nineteen years he was the treasurer of the Orange 
 County Bible Society. In politics he was an Old-Line 
 Whig till the Rebellion, when he became a Republi- 
 can. Eminently conservative, he was ever ready to 
 lend a helping hand intelligently to every good and 
 useful work. 
 
 A fall in July, 1874, disabled him from his usual 
 active exercise, and thus rendered more easy the final 
 conquest by laryngitis and general debility, on Jan. 
 1, 1875, when " he entered into his rest, having fallen 
 asleep in Christ." 
 
The Johnson family is of English descent, and the 
 progenitor of this branch emigrated to America in 
 1664, and settled at Newark, N. J. — 
 
 His grandfather, Jotham, resided at the south end 
 of Newark, and married Hannah Beach, who bore to 
 him the following children : Josiah, Nathaniel, Thomas, 
 James, Ebenezer, Elmira (wife of Henry Parkhurst), 
 and Phebc (wife of Caleb Carter) ; all of whom who 
 grew up settled near the place of their birth. Eben- 
 ezer, father of our subject, was born Jan. 23, 1793, 
 and married Mary, daughter of Dennis and Elizabeth 
 Osborne, of Salem, Union Co., N. J., who was born 
 in 1795, and died in November, 1870. 
 
 Their children were William, who was a farmer in 
 Essex County, and there died, leaving children ; 
 Henry, died unmarried ; Charles F. ; and Mary C. 
 
 Ebenezer Johnson while a young man learned the 
 trade of a mason, which he followed until 1826, 
 when he purchased a small farm in the township of 
 Clinton, Essex Co., N. J., upon which he resided, 
 and also for many years worked at his trade, until 
 1870, when he removed to Elizabeth, N. J., where 
 he now resides. He is a member of the First Pres- 
 byterian Church of Elizabeth. 
 
 Charles F. Johnson was born at Newark, March 
 16, 1824. He remained at home until he was nine- 
 teen years of age, when he left the parental roof to 
 carve out a fortune for himself. For three years he 
 was a farm laborer. On Jan. 20, 1847, he married 
 
 Joanna, daughter of Gen. Charles Board and Jo- 
 anna Seeley, and granddaughter of Joseph Board, 
 who with his two brothers, James and David, came 
 from Wales and settled at Ringwood, N. J., where 
 they had charge of the iron-works. They owned the 
 land in the Pompton valley, consisting of some fifteen 
 hundred acres, and many of their descendants became 
 settlers in Orange Co., N. Y. Joanna Board was born 
 in June, 1817. 
 
 For twelve years following his marriage Mr. John- 
 son rented a farm at Ringwood, N. J., consisting of 
 five hundred and thirty acres, which in 1859, upon 
 the death of his father-in-law, he purchased. This 
 property he sold in 1872, and purchased one hundred 
 and sixty-three acres in the town of Goshen, Orange 
 Co., N. Y., — one of the most desirable and productive 
 fiirms in the town, — upon which he has resided since. 
 The products of his dairy are marketed in the form 
 of milk in New York. Upon this property he has 
 built a fine and substantial barn, and all the appoint- 
 ments of his place show thrift and enterprise. 
 
 Mr. Johnson has taken a somewhat active part in 
 political matters, and prior to his settlement in Orange 
 County was one of the freeholders of Pompton for 
 two years, assessor of the township from 1865 to 1870, 
 and represented the Third District of Passaic County 
 in the State Legislature in 1863 and 1864. His 
 children are Henry P., Charles E., Asher, and 
 William. 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 561 
 
 Mr. Tutliil! had only the advantages of a common- 
 school education, but has always kept well read in 
 the current topics of the times, and has a retentive 
 memory and a natural taste for the acquisition of his- 
 torical data. 
 
 He has always taken a somewhat independent 
 stand in political matters ; and although a member of 
 the Republican party, has cast his vote for the men 
 who represent the principles he conceives to he right. 
 
 He was assessor in the town in 1842-43, inspector 
 of common schools of the town of Goshen for one 
 year, and census enumerator of the First Assembly 
 District of Goshen in 1865. Both he and his wife 
 are members of the Presbyterian Church at Goshen. 
 
 Mr. Tuthill's life has been spent on a part of the 
 homestead where he was born, and mostly given to 
 the quiet care of his farm. For four years he was a 
 resident of Goshen village, and was engaged in build- 
 ing. He built his present brick residence in 1860. 
 For twenty years he has been afflicted severely with 
 a spinal disease, and confined to the house, where 
 he spends the slowly-passing days and years in 
 reading and meditation, waiting for the summons to 
 " come up higher." Mr. Tuthill is known as a man of 
 untarnished character, sociable, hospitable, and gen- 
 erous beyond his means, and a Christian man. 
 
 GEORGE MAPES. 
 
 Among the olde.st native residents of Orange County 
 is the subject of this sketch, who was born on the 
 homestead near Sugar-Loaf, Feb. 15, 1798, and has 
 spent his life in the vicinity of his birth. His grand- 
 father, David Mapes, spent his life as a fanner near 
 Sugar-Loaf, in the town of Goshen. His children 
 by his first marriage were James, John, Catharine, 
 wife of Garret Rysdyke; and Hannah, wife of Isaac 
 Bull. The children by his second marriage w'cre 
 Edward and William. 
 
 John, son of David Mapes, born about 1770, near 
 Sugar-Loaf, resided on a farm in Sugar-Loaf Valley 
 most of his active business life, and died at the age of 
 sixty -two years. He was a quiet, unostentatious man, 
 and .sought to fulfill the full duties of the citizen. His 
 wife was Elizabetli Halleck, of Sugar-Loaf Valley, 
 who died at the age of eighty-four, and who bore 
 him the following children : James, George (subject 
 of this sketch), Mittie, wife of William Roe; John, 
 Hannah, and Susan, wife of Peter Board. 
 
 George Mapes remained at home until the age of 
 twenty-four. He married, in 1828, Susan, daughter of 
 Joseph and Sarah (Satterly) Durland, of Chester, 
 who was born March 3, 1809, and died March 19, 
 1870, leaving two children, — Sarah Jane and John 
 Mapes. ^ 
 
 After his marriage Mr. JIapes purchased a farm in 
 Wallkill, on the river, where he resided for six years. 
 He then purchased, in 1834, some 62 acres in the town 
 of Goshen, and for six years kept a public-house at 
 
 the corners which bear his name, — " Mapes' Corners," 
 — and also carried on his farm in connection with it. 
 In 1840 he built his present residence on another part 
 of his farm, in which he has resided since. 
 
 ^-^^n^j-f^ 
 
 '^fus 
 
 Mr. Mapes is well known as a man of strict integ- 
 rity in all the business relations of life, kind-hearted, 
 and sociable. His plain, una-ssuming ways, and his 
 genial bearing have won him many friends as he has 
 passed through life. 
 
 His great-grandfather Mapes was supposed to have 
 been of English birth and the progenitor of the family 
 in Orange County. His uncle, Edward Mapes, was 
 in the war of 1812, and was killed. 
 
 EDSON COLEMAN. 
 
 William Coleman came from ICngland, and was one 
 of the first English settlers on Long Island, and is 
 supposed to be the common ancestor of the Coleman 
 family in New York State. His great-grandson, 
 Thomas, had his residence on the bank of the Hud- 
 son, in the town of Cornwall, Orange Co., where he 
 died Feb. 22, 1822, having been born April 27, 1767. 
 Joel Coleman, grandfather of our subject, — supposed 
 to be a descendant of William, the progenitor, — was 
 born in Goshen, resided most of his life in Hamp- 
 tonburgh, and was a farmer. He was a soldier in the 
 Revolutionary war, and was at the battle of White 
 Plains. He died at Scotchtown, in Wallkill, at the 
 age of eighty-four, Oct. 24, 1840. 
 
562 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 By his first wife he had children, — Rumsey and 
 Joel, resided on the homestead their lives and there 
 died; Philena, was the wife of Nathaniel Carpenter; 
 Keziah, wife of James Manning; Hull, father of our 
 subject; Oliver; and Rachel, wife of John Brown. 
 By his second wife (Mrs. Mary Owen, a daughter ot 
 Hiram Dunning) he had one child, Alfred Coleman, 
 who h.as spent most of his life as a farmer in Wall- 
 kill, and now, at the age of seventy-six, is a resident 
 of Middletown, N. Y. His second wife died in 1845, 
 aged eighty-four. 
 
 Hull Coleman, born Sept. 12, 1790, on the home- 
 stead, married, in 1810, Lois, daughter of Mrs. Mary 
 Owen, before mentioned, by her first husband. She 
 died July 3, 1857. He died Aug. 28, 18(35. Their 
 children are Eliza, born Dec. 24, 1811, died Jan. 14, 
 18GG, was the wife of Thomas S. Nanny, of Amity, 
 town of Warwick; Edson, subject of this sketch, 
 born March 3, 1815; Almeda, born May 23, 1817, 
 wife of William H. Waterbury, of Warwick ; Frances 
 M., born March 14, 1819, was the wife first of John 
 M. Ferrier, and after his death became the wife of 
 Louis M. Jayne, of Warwick. 
 
 Hull Coleman spent most of his active business life 
 as a farmer in the town of Warwick ; but about five 
 years prior to his decease settled in Florida village, in 
 the same town, still continuing the oversight of a few 
 acres of land. Both he and his wife were members 
 of the Presbyterian Church, first at Amity, and sub- 
 sequently at Florida, where they removed. He never 
 sought public place, but preferred the quiet life of an 
 agriculturist. He was a man of sterling integrity in 
 all his business relations, of correct habits, and had 
 the confidence of his fellow-citizens. 
 
 Edson, son of Hull Coleman, born on the home- 
 stead in Warwick, during his minority received only 
 a common-school education ; but he became ac- 
 quainted with all that pertains to a well-conducted 
 farm. Aug. 26, 1838, he married Hannah Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Hon. John W. Wisner, of Elmira, N. Y., 
 who was a prominent lawyer of that city and for 
 many years magistrate, and who served as judge of 
 Chemung County. He was a candidate for member 
 of Congress at two different times, and was only de- 
 feated by some thirty votes in a poll of thirteen thou- 
 sand, although his party was largely in the minority. 
 He was also supervisor for several terras, and took a 
 decided and influential stand against the principles 
 of slavery in the Southern States. 
 
 Mrs. Coleman's mother was Eliza, daughter of 
 Richard Ryerson, whose ancestors were from Amster- 
 dam, and came to America, first settling on Long 
 Island, afterwards in Bergen Co., N. J., in 1701, and 
 subsequently in Sussex Co., N. J. Her paternal 
 grandfather was Jeffrey Wisner, cousin of Henry G. 
 Wisner, a prominent lawyer of Goshen, who died in 
 1842, and grandson of Henry Wisner, an early resi- 
 dent of Goshen, and one of the founders of the re- 
 public. Mrs. Coleman was born March 2, 1818. 
 
 In 1839, Mr. Coleman purchased 100 acres of land, 
 where he now resides, in the town of Goshen, to 
 which he has since added some 40 acres. In 1860 
 he erected a fine and substantial farm residence, 
 and later commodious barns, and has brought his 
 land into a high state of cultivation. His surround- 
 ings show to the passer-by thrift, enterprise, and the 
 cultivated taste of an intelligent farmer. Both he 
 and his wife are attendants of the Presbyterian 
 Church at Amity, of which his wife is a member, and 
 a lady of rare womanly qualities. 
 
 Like his ancestors Ijefore him, Mr. Coleman is 
 progressive in his ideas, and a supporter of all meas- 
 ures tending to the welfare of the community in which 
 he resides, although never taking any active part in 
 political matters, except to cast his vote, which he 
 does as a member of the Republican party. 
 
 JOHN T. ACKLEY. 
 
 His paternal grandfather, Daniel Ackley, married 
 a Miss Grovesnor, w-ho belonged to a wealthy and in- 
 fluential English family, who bore him the following 
 children: Augustus A.; Hiram, of Illinois ; George; 
 Catharine, wife of Robert Collins ; Jane ; and Han- 
 nah, who became the wife of Thomas Bellamy. 
 
 Of these children, Augustus A. Ackley was father 
 of John T., was born in Vermont in 1799, and came 
 to Orange County while a young man. He married, 
 about 1821, Maria, daughter of Edward Mapes, whose 
 family were among the early settlers of Goshen. 
 Their children are William P., of Goshen ; James H., 
 deceased ; John T., subject of this sketch ; Joanna, 
 wife of Hayden Wheeler, of Middletown, N. Y. ; 
 Daniel E. ; Wyckliff"e W. ; Hannah, wife of J. W. 
 Riker ; Augustus, Henry, Thomas, and Mary. 
 
 Upon coming to Orange County, Augu.stus A. Ack- 
 ley learned the tailor's trade of Joseph Munnell, of 
 Hamptonburgh,andissaidto have become a first-class 
 workman at his trade, which he carried on for several 
 years at Sugar-Loaf. He afterwards engaged in farm- 
 ing in Warwick, was a merchant at Sugar-Loaf from 
 1836 to 1841, and subsequently at Chester. He was 
 an active, industrious, and thrifty business man, of 
 good habits, and had the confidence of his fellow-men. 
 He died at Sugar-Loaf, April 12, 1866. His wife was 
 born in 1801, and died about 1863. 
 
 John T. Ackley was born at Sugar-Loaf, Orange 
 Co., April 3, 1825. Having received the ordinary 
 opportunities of a district school education, at the age 
 i -of sixteen he went into the busy world to carve out a 
 fortune for himself. For one year he was clerk in the 
 store of William N. White, of Newburgh, and for two 
 years following he was a clerk in his father's store at 
 Chester. He then spent one year as a student at the 
 Farmers' Hall Academy at Goshen, and in 1845 wont 
 to New York, where he remained for four years as 
 book-keeper for the firm of Furman & Davis. 
 
 In 1849 he went to San Francisco, Cal., where he 
 

J, 
 
»l 
 
 J^iImcn'^ fhiAh^ ^ 
 
 His gninilf.itlicr, John Ilolbcrt, resided in the town of Ches- 
 ter, Orange Co., sold his farm there, and tooli his pay in Con- 
 tinental nioucy, and eonscquently, upon his return from tlic 
 war, in wliieli lie served as captain, to free the American colo- 
 nies from lirilish tyranny, he was without property. He con- 
 tinued to reside in Chester until his death, which occurred in 
 1S2I, at the age of ninety-three. His wife, Mary, was born in 
 Holland, and died some time prior to the death of her husband, 
 leaving children, — Peter, Ebenezer, Samuel, John, Mary, and 
 Susan, wife of Rynard House, of Chester. All of these chil- 
 dren, except Mary, were married, reared families, and settled 
 in Orange County. 
 
 Peter, father of Adrian, born Aug. 24, 176S, in Chester, mar- 
 ried Rosanna, daughter of Garret Durland, of Minisink, who 
 was born April 111, 1770, and died Jlay 15, 1S39. He died Oct. 
 19, 1S36. Their children were Mary, wife of David Robertson, 
 died of spotted fever in I SOS; William, deceased; Martha, 
 wife of Abijah Wells; Susan, wife of Abram Tyler; Miriam, 
 wife of William Wells; John; Sarah, wife of Silas C. Brown; 
 Harriet, wife of Jacob Dunning; Elizabeth, married first Joseph 
 Sayer, and after his death became the wife of Lynden Mulford; 
 Adrian; and Peter; ten of whom married and reared families, 
 and all of whom reside in the town of Minisink, except Adrian. 
 Peter Holbort, father of these children, after his marriage pur- 
 chased land in Minisink, which he cleared of its original forest, 
 and he and his wife met the obstacles incident to pioneer life, 
 with which they battled successfully, and during their lives 
 contributed much to the growth and development of the town 
 in which they took up their residence. 
 
 Mr. Holhcrt was influential in the affairs of bis town and 
 county, and a stanch member of the old Whig party. He 
 served as supervisor several terms; was justice of the peace 
 for twenty-seven years, doing most of the conveyancing in the 
 town, for he was a very line penman; and he served in the 
 State Legislature, from tlrange County, in 1S12. He was a suc- 
 cessful business man. and owned considerable real estate at his 
 death. 
 
 Adrian, son of Peter Holberf, born Aug, II, 1S09, in Mini- 
 
 sink, is a man of good business ability, and has led a life of 
 great activity, and mostly devoted to agricultural pursuits. 
 For some two years after reaching the age of twenty-three ho 
 carried on a general store, in connection with Silas C. lirown, 
 his brother-in-law, at Ccntreville, and also at Millsburg, then 
 settled on a farm in Monroe; but after about four years, in 
 1S36, he purchased the Valentine farm, in the town of Goshen, 
 — said to be one of the most productive farms in Orange County, 
 — wliich he carried on until 1S61, and sold to his sou, Jesse A. 
 Holbert, and removed to Goshen village. 
 
 In ISGS he went to New York City, and for two years was 
 engaged in the milk business, and then returned to Goshen. 
 He had built one house in Goshen prior to going to the city, 
 and lie now built another after his return. 
 
 Like many other men who pass their middle life in active 
 duties of farm work and become restless under inactivity, so 
 with Mr. Holbort, and in 1S79 he left the village and settled 
 on a few acres of land near his old homestead, where he has 
 erected a beautiful and substantial residence that would do 
 honor to village real estate, where he expects to spend the re- 
 mainder of his days. Mr. Holbert has been in every sense of 
 the term a representative farmer of Orange County, and all the 
 appointments of his well-regulated premises show enterpri.se, 
 thrift, and care. 
 
 In 1832 he married Hannah, daughter of Joshua Sayer, of 
 Minisink, who was born Sept. 15, 1S09, and died Nov. 20, 1813. 
 The children born of this marriage .ire Charles, of Kansas; 
 Hannah, wife of George Graham, of Greenville; Mariette, wife 
 of Albert W. Slater, of Centralia, Kan. ; Sarah, wife of Richard 
 Wilson, died in Wallkill ; and Jesse A. 
 
 His second wife was Harriet, daughter of John Wisner, of 
 Minisink, whom he married in 1S45, and who died Jan. 11, 
 ISC8, leaving one child, Anna. 
 
 His present wife is Frances, daughter of Joshua and Jemima 
 (Sayer) Wells, and granddaughter of Joshua AVells, a represent- 
 ative of an old family in the town of Goshen, and who arc of 
 English descent. She was boin Dec. 19, ISIl, and married to 
 Mr. Holbert, Deo. 22, 1S70. 
 
y/^ /^j?^^^ 
 
 His ancestors were of Scotch and French extrac- 
 tion, and his paternal grandfather was one of the 
 early settlers of Orange County. 
 
 His father, Samuel Gregory, born in Chester, 
 Orange Co., in 1763, married Mary Hunter, who 
 died Feb. 17, 1821, aged forty-six years and eight 
 months. He died Nov. 18, 1827, and both were 
 buried in the old graveyard near Monroe. 
 
 He resided in the town of Chester during the 
 earlier part of his life ; subsequently became a large 
 farmer in the town of Monroe, where he owned some 
 five hundred acres of land. 
 
 His children were Katy (wife of Joseph Stevens), 
 Benjamin, William, Hiram, Noah, Sylvester, James, 
 Hannah (wife of Benjamin Van Duzer), Elmer, 
 George, and John, — only four of whom survive in 
 1881. 
 
 Noah Gregory, fifth son of Samuel, was born on 
 the homestead, in the town of Monroe, Oct. 7, 1803. 
 His minority was spent at home, where he learned 
 farming, and obtained limited book knowledge in the 
 district school. He married, March 23, 182G, Sally 
 Maria, daughter of Stephen and Abigail (Goldsmith) 
 Smith, one of a family of seven children. Her father 
 was born Feb. 27, 1752, and died July 25, 1803. 
 Her mother was born May 8, 1757, and died Dec. 23, 
 182C. Mrs. Gregory was born May 23, 1709, and 
 
 died Dec. 7, 1879. She was devoted to her family, 
 and did her part well as a helpmeet of her husband. 
 
 Some two years after his marriage, Mr. Gregory 
 purchased one hundred and fifty-seven acres of land 
 in the town of Goshen, then an uncultivated tract 
 and wild, upon which lie settled. Thi.s land he 
 brought into a high state of cultivation in due course 
 of time, and to this purchase he added one hundred 
 and fifty-seven acres more. With the exception of 
 some parcels sold, this has been his homestead since. 
 He erected a house about 1831, whicli forms a part 
 of his present residence, together with commodious 
 barns. 
 
 During his active business life all the appoint- 
 ments of his farm showed the work of a thrifty and 
 enterprising farmer, and he may safely be classed 
 among the substantial agriculturists of the town of 
 Goshen. He has never taken an active part in polit- 
 ical matters, but has always taken an interest in all 
 enterprises tending to the prosperity of the town. 
 His children were Mary Jane (widow of the late 
 Joseph D. Stage, of Wallkill), Stephen S., Noah, 
 Goldsmith, Harvey, Mrs. Sarah A. Goldsmith, John 
 H.,born Aug. 11, 1837, was a soldier in the late civil 
 war, and died in 1863 ; William H., died in infancy ; 
 Catherine E., born Nov. 9, 1842, died Jan. 1, 1880, 
 was the wife of Hiram T. Stage; and (ieorge Kimer. 
 
\i 
 
^Tyt'-O^i^ 
 
 His great-grandfather Timothy, born in England, 
 was among the earliest settlers of Goshen, Orange 
 Co., his farm being located where Mr. Snyder now 
 resides, just outride the limits of the village of Goshen, 
 on the Florida road. On this homestead also his 
 grandfather, Richard Wood, resided, and by his mar- 
 riage with Miss Smith had the following children : 
 Richard, Oliver, Timothy, and Joanna (wife of Jon- 
 athan Owenj, all of whom were residents of, and died 
 in Orange County. Of these children, Timothy was 
 father of our subject, and was born on the homestead 
 Dec. 29, 1776. He married Dolly, daughter of 
 Michael Carpenter, of Goshen, who was born Feb. 22, 
 1781, and died in 1864. He died in 1846. 
 
 Their children were Matilda, born Dec. 15, 1804, 
 was the wife of Stephen Smith, of Goshen, and died 
 Jan. 28, 1881; Richard L., born Sept. 3, 1806; 
 William C., born April 26, 1810, was a farmer on 
 the Florida road, in Goshen, and died in 1840, leaving 
 an only son, James J. Wood, a silversmith, of Brook- 
 lyn, N, Y. ; Sarah Jane, born March 11, 1814 (never 
 married), and died Feb. 19, 1879; and Gabriel S., 
 born Nov. 27, 1818, was a farmer, and died in the 
 town of Mount Hope, Orange Co., June, 1876, leav- 
 ing two daughters and one son. 
 
 Timothy Wood resided on the homestead after his 
 marriage, about 1803, until 1831, when he purchased 
 
 a farm on the Florida road from Goshen, upon which 
 his son William C. afterwards resided. In 1833 he 
 purchased two hundred and twelve acres about one 
 mile northwest of Goshen village, upon which he 
 resided the remainder of his life, and which was 
 inherited at his death by Richard L. and Gabriel S., 
 his sons. The latter disposed of hi.s part of this farm, 
 which is now owned by Mr. Everett. 
 
 Both Timothy Wood and his wife were devoted 
 members of the Presbyterian Church at Goshen, as 
 also his father, Richard Wood, had been. 
 
 Richard L., son of Timothy Wood, is the only sur- 
 viving child, and resides upon a part of the home- 
 stead where his father died. He was born on the 
 old homestead where three generations before him 
 lived, and where his great-grandfather, the progeni- 
 tor of the family in Orange County, first settled. 
 
 In 1851 he built his present residence, and later, 
 commodious barns, all of which, with the order of 
 his whole farm of one hundred and thirteen acres, 
 show the care of a thorough-going and thrifty 
 farmer. 
 
 Mr. Wood has been industrious, prudent, and up- 
 right, and as such is known by all his fellow-men. 
 Like his ancestors before him, he has led a quiet, 
 unostentatious life, and strictly followed agricultural 
 pursuits. He was never married. 
 
O"'/^^, T^^^-^^*^!^. 
 
 ^it^C 
 
 AViLLiAH Coi.EMAN caiue from England, nnd was one of the 
 first Engli.-^h settlers on Long Island, and the common ancestor 
 of this branch of the Coleman family in America. 
 
 Of his throe sons, William, John, and George, the eldest is in 
 line of dcscenf, and had seven son?, one of whom was Thomas, 
 who liad two sons and one daughter, viz. : Curtis, Thomas, and 
 Delj">rah, who married Jacob Brown. 
 
 Thom;is, born July 2, 1732, married Elizabeth Roe, who was 
 born in 17M0. nnd who bore him four sons and two daughters, 
 of whom Thomas, grandfather of our subject, born April 27' 
 1767, married, for his first wife, Mary Galloway, born April 28, 
 1707, who bore him the following children: Elizabeth (wife of 
 Obadiah Smith), Ann (wife of Morris B. Pilgrim), Charlotte 
 (wife of Morris Stejthens), all of Monroe, Orange Co. ; and Wil- 
 liam, Koe, and Thomas. The mother of these children died 
 Dec. 9, 1804. By a second wife Thomas Coleman bad three 
 sons, — -Samuel, Emery, and Henry. 
 
 His farm was on the banks of the Hudson, in tlie town of 
 Cornwall, and he is supposed to be the first of the family who 
 settled in Orange County. He died Feb. 21, 1S22. 
 
 Of his children, William, father of our subject, was born 
 March 19, 1792, and early in life learned the painter's trade. 
 He married Ann, daughter of Nathaniel and Margaret (Brad- 
 ner) Conkling, of Goshen, who was born Oct. 19, 1793. For 
 two years after his marriage he resided at Haekettstown, 
 N. J., and then purchased a carding-mill in the town of War- 
 wick, near Florida, which he carried on for some thirty years, 
 until small mills were superseded by larger machinery on a 
 larger scale, when he built a grist-mill on the site of his carding- 
 mill, nnd carried it on the remainder of his life, in connection 
 with a small farm bought subsequent to his first purchase of 
 the mill property. 
 
 He was a ])romoter of the best interests of society, and a con- 
 tributor to the support of the Presbyterian Church at Florida, 
 of which his wife was a member. He died April 18, 1850; 
 his wife died April 29, 1876. Their children were Nathaniel 
 C, born Dec. 9, 1815: Thomas J., born Aug. 28, 1817, was a 
 merchant in New York, and died May 8, 1878; John C, born ! 
 
 July 28, 1819, is a farmer in Milwaukee, Wis.; Mary E., 
 born Feb, 24, 1822, was the wife of P. P. Deraarest, of Goshen, 
 and died April 20, 1S76; Cornelia A., born Nov. 23, 1823, wife 
 of A. L. Beyea, of Rye, Westchester Co., N. Y. ; Harriet Eve- 
 line, born July IS, 1825, present wife of P. P. Demaroat ; 
 George C, born Aug. 21, 1S28, of Colorado ; Caroline, born June 
 6, 1831. was the wife of Henry D. Welty, of Auburn, N. Y., and 
 died Jan. 8, 1877; and Margaret A , born Jan. 26, 1834, died 
 unmarried, July 9, 1868. The eldest of these children, whose 
 portrait appears above, spent his early life until the age of 
 twenty-six at home, working in the mill and on the farm of his 
 father. He married, Nov. 17, 1840, Fanny Maria, daughter of 
 John and Eunice (Smith) Knapp, and great-granddaughter of 
 William Knapp, who was the progenitor of the Knapp family 
 in Orange County, and settled where William Knapp now re- 
 sides in the town of Goshen, from Horseneck, Conn., among 
 the earliest white people who found a home in the wilderness 
 country about Goshen. She was born June 21, 1817, on the 
 Knapp homestead, and belonged to a large family of chil- 
 dren. 
 
 The children of Mr. and Mrs. Coleman are Mary E., born 
 June 5, 1841, died Aug. 31, 1863; Harriet Eliza, died in in- 
 fancy; Anna A., wife of Robert Osborn, of Goshen; Fannie 
 E., wife of Giles E. Goodrich, of Goshen; Nathaniel C, died 
 at the age of five, Aug. 5, 1858; and Addie W. 
 
 About one year after his marriage Mr. Coleman purchased 
 eighty-eight acres of land on the Conklingtown road, near 
 Goshen village, upon which he settled, and which he retains, 
 except some seven acres known as '* Prospect Lake," which he 
 sold, and which furnishes the supply of water for the village of 
 Goshen. He built his present residence in 1851, and all the 
 barns on his farm before and after that time. He has led a 
 quiet life as a farmer, and he and his wife, by their industry 
 and judicious management, have secured a fair competency. 
 The products of his dairy, in the form of butter, on account of 
 its superior quality, finds ready market at home. Both Mr. 
 and Mrs. Coleman are members of the Methodist Church at 
 Goshen, and promoter-s of all worthy objects. 
 
^' 
 
 ^, 
 
GOSHEN. 
 
 563 
 
 carried on, on his own account, successfully the hard- 
 ware and tin business for six years. Returning to 
 New York, he remained there in business until 1865, 
 when he came to Goshen, purchased a farm of 241 
 acres of land, upon which he has resided since. 
 
 Mr. Ackley's life has been, thus far, one of activity, 
 industry, and self-reliance, for which he has been re- 
 warded with a fiiir competence. 
 
 He married, June 23, 1858, Sarah J., daughter of 
 Cornelius ^Vestervelt, of New York City, whose ances- 
 tors were early settlers in New York. 
 
 His children are Minnie A., Edward H., Jennie M., 
 Edith, and John. 
 
 J.\MES M. BULL. 
 
 His grandfather, Daniel Bull, was son of John, and 
 grandson of William Bull, who was born in England 
 in 1G89, and sailed from Dublin, Ireland, and died in 
 Orange County in 1755. The ancestry of the Bull 
 family is given in the sketch of Jesse Bull, of Bloom- 
 ing-Grove. 
 
 Daniel Bull was born on the homestead, in the old 
 stone house in Hamptonburgh. He settled in what 
 is now the town of Chester, where he became a large 
 land-owner. 
 
 He was an active and enterprising business mau. 
 A part of his homestead is now owned by the heirs of 
 David Bull, his nephew. He was an influential Quaker, 
 and one of the founders of the Quaker Society and 
 builders of their meeting-house, which was on a part 
 of his property on Quaker Hill. He died at the age 
 of eighty-four. His wife, Sarah Harlow, of Hampton- 
 burgh, died at about the age of forty-five. Their chil- 
 dren were Stephen, lived and died on the homestead 
 in Chester; Ebenezer, lived and died upon the original 
 Bull homestead in Hamptonburgh, purchased for him 
 by his father to keep it in the family ; Phebe, was the 
 wife of Joseph Booth, of Hamptonburgh ; and the 
 youngest son, John Milton, was the father of our sub- 
 ject. He was born March 25, 1798, and died Nov. 29, 
 1879. His wife was Martha, daughter of Joseph, and 
 granddaughter of Charles Durland, who came from 
 Long Island in 1756, and after the close of the Frencli 
 
 and Indian war, in wliich he served, settled in Chester, 
 on the place now owned by his grandson, James Dur- 
 land. Martha Durland was born in May, 1800, and 
 is the oldest living member of the Chester Presbyterian 
 Church in 1881. Their children are Sarah, died young ; 
 Ebenezer, of Westchester Co., N. Y. ; Mary Ann, died 
 at the age of forty-two ; James M. ; Samuel, succeeded 
 to the homestead of his father in Monroe ; Elizabeth, 
 was the wife of Joseph W. Young, and died at Oxford 
 in November, 1858; and Emily, became the second 
 wife of Joseph W. Young. 
 
 John Milton Bull settled on a farm of .300 acres on 
 the bank of Little Long Pond, in Monroe, where he 
 spent his active business life, and was known as a 
 progressive and an intelligent farmer. He possessed 
 remarkable good judgment, was a man of practical 
 ideas and sterling honesty, and was also a man of 
 great determination and resolution of purpose. He 
 continued litigation, begun by his father, for the con- 
 trol of the outlet of Little Long Pond until sixty 
 years had elapsed from the beginning of the suit, when 
 the matter was settled by arbitration ; their opponents 
 were Mr. Craig and his successor, Mr. Ames, of Craig- 
 ville. 
 
 James M. Bull was born on the homestead in Monroe, 
 April 3, 1830, and married, Jan. 25, 1859, Ann Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of George S. Conkling and Mary Seeley, 
 and granddaughter of .Joshua Conkling, who came 
 from Long Island and was one of the early .settlers of 
 Goshen. Her mother was a daughter of Thaddeus 
 Seeley, and granddaughter of Thaddeus Seeley, old 
 residents of Chester. She was born June 8, 1835. 
 Their children are George Seeley, was drowned young ; 
 Albert C. ; Cornelia; John Milton, died young ; and 
 Whitfield H. 
 
 In 1856, Mr. Bull purchased the " SherifJ' Jackson" 
 place of about 100 acres in the town of Goshen, upon 
 which he has resided since. He markets the products 
 of his dairy in New York, and his father was the first 
 man who sent canned milk to a New York market 
 from Oxford in the fall of 1842. 
 
 Mr. Bull is a throughgoing, industrious, and well- 
 to-do farmer; like his forefathers, he is no seeker after 
 place, but has devoted his life strictly to agricultural 
 pursuits. 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 I— SITUATION, BOUNDAHIES, AHEA, TITLE. 
 Warwick occupies a large portion of the soutliern 
 part of the county. It is bounded north by Minisink, 
 Wawayanda, Goshen, and Chester; east by Chester 
 and Monroe ; soutli and southwest by the State of 
 New Jersey ; west by New Jersey and the town of 
 Minisink. 
 
 The only statement of area that can be given is com- 
 prised in the annual equalization table of the board of 
 supervisors, showing 61,380 acres. The assessed val- 
 uation of the town for 1879 was $3,035,646, and the 
 taxes levied upon that basis were $23,621.71. The 
 title to the soil of the town is derived I'roni the Wa- 
 wayanda Patent. 
 
 II.-NATUHAL FEATUKES. 
 The topography of this large tract is sufficiently in- 
 teresting to justify a lengthy article, instead of the 
 brief paragraph appropriated to this chapter. For ad- 
 ditional material reference is made to the General His- 
 tory. Quaker Creek forms the western boundary, and 
 has its source principally in Glenmere Lake (Thomp- 
 son's Pond). Tributaries of this, flowing generally 
 northwest, are the following : Pochuck Creek, formed 
 of several branches, rising in the southwest part of 
 the town ; a second of little importance empties into 
 Quaker Creek, a short distance north of the Pochuck ; 
 Wheeler's Creek, formed of several branches, is next 
 north ; and a fourth unites with Quaker Creek, near 
 Florida. East of the higher lands, in which these 
 streams rise, is the valley of the Warwick Creek. 
 This stream has its sources in the north and the centre 
 of the town, and among them is Wickham's Pond. 
 It flows nearly south into the State of New Jersey ; 
 has many tributary rivulets from each direction, and 
 drains an extensive tract. It is sometimes called the 
 Wawayanda, but owing to its distance from the town 
 of the same name it is liable to confuse, and should 
 give way to the better name, Warwick. Long House 
 Creek is a tributary of the Warwick, and flows from 
 the southwest line of the town near Greenwood Lake 
 nearly to Wickham's Pond. When uniting with the 
 AVarwick its waters flow again to the southwest through 
 the Warwick Valley. There are various rivulets that 
 drain a section of country north of Greenwood Lake, 
 and flow into that body of water. The outlet of Ster- 
 ling Pond flows southward into the town of Monroe, 
 and becomes a tributary of the Ramapo. 
 The ponds form a distinct feature of the topogra- 
 564 
 
 phy of the town. Long Pond is partly in Orange 
 County and partly in New Jersey. It is about nine 
 miles long and one mile wide. It is used as a feeder 
 to the Morris Canal, and was formerly celebrated as a 
 delightful fishing ground, especially for pickerel, 
 which were exceedingly abundant. Thompson's 
 Pond is mentioned in the chapter upon Chester. 
 This name is from Judge William Thompson, for- 
 merly of Goshen, who owned the pond and had a 
 flour-mill on its outlet. Wickham's Pond is situated 
 in the Sugar-Loaf Valley, in the northeast part of the 
 town. Its outlet is one of the principal branches of 
 the Warwick Creek. It had its name from William 
 Wickham, Esq., once first judge of the county, to 
 whose estate the pond belonged. Stirling Pond is 
 situated in the southeast part of the town, and is of 
 considerable note in connection with the mines and 
 the early manufacture of iron in that vicinity. The 
 name was in honor of Lord Stirling, of New Jersey, 
 prominent in Revolutionary times. Upon the outlet 
 of the pond are the Stirling Iron Works. 
 
 In the Drowned Lands tract the so-called islands 
 form a peculiar feature. They are known as Little, 
 Gardner's, Black Walnut, Pine, Merritt's, and Owens'. 
 They are simply small portions of upland in the 
 midst of what was once low and swampy ground. 
 
 In the early settlement of the county some of these 
 islands could only be approached by a boat, but 
 under the drainage and cultivation of modern times 
 this would never be suspected, as the Drowned Lands 
 themselves are now traversed by good roads and 
 divided into valuable farms. 
 
 The elevations in the town have special names. 
 A range in the southeast is known as Warwick 
 Mountains. East of these is Rough Mountain, a 
 barren and rugged tract. Still further east is Stirling 
 Mountain. Round Hill, near the New Jei^ey line, 
 is so named from its circular outline. A short dis- 
 tance from this is Taylor Mountain. In the north- 
 east are the Bellvale Mountains. Near Bellvale 
 Corners is Decker Hill. Rock Hills are situated 
 east of Florida. South of Big Island Station are 
 Mounts Adam and Eve. These insulated mountain- 
 masses are united in location, and we ^\ill not sep- 
 arate them in description. They are on the edge of 
 the Drowned Lands, in the west part of the town. 
 Adam is the highest, Eve the longest and largest. 
 The latter lies east and north of the former. These 
 elevations spring up from the bottom-lands on the 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 565 
 
 west and the beautiful glades around Edenville on 
 the east without any apparent physical reason, and 
 stand, solitary and alone, like twin islands on the 
 broad expanse of the ocean. 
 
 III.-EAELY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 In the division of the Wawayanda Patent the por- 
 tion which fell to Benjamin Aske received his personal 
 attention in its settlement, as did that of Denne and 
 €romeline. By deed dated Feb. 28, 1719, he sold to 
 Lawrence Decker, yeoman, for fifty pounds, 100 acres, 
 in the deed described as " being part of the 2200 
 acres of land called Warwick," showing that previous 
 to that time he had bestowed the name of Warwick 
 upon his tract. This deed was signed by Mr. Aske, 
 '' of the County of Orange." By deed. May 20, 1721, 
 he sold 100 acres " of his farm called Warwick" to 
 " Thomas Blain, now residing upon the same." The 
 third recorded deed from Mr. Aske was to Thomas 
 DeKay, Dec. 8, 1724. 
 
 Lawrence Decker having received a deed, as stated, 
 made a settlement soon after. It was the opinion of 
 the late Mr. Henry Pelton, who had investigated 
 these early matters, that his location was the Thomas 
 Welling farm of modern times. It is supposed that , 
 •one or two other Decker families came at the same 
 time, and either then or subsequently a family by 
 the name of Stagg, a name written " Stage" in sub- 
 sequent years. Thomas Blain's deed mentioned shows 
 that he was already located in the year 1721, and his 
 farm was the Henry Pelton place of later years, 
 though Blain 'subsequently changed to the Samuel 
 Dolsen i)lace. Thomas DeKay located no doubt soon 
 after his purchase on the farm owned in later years 
 by Joel Wood. His son, Thomas DeKay, Jr., suc- 
 ceeded him on the old homestead. 
 
 John Vane must have settled in Warwick soon 
 after. His homestead was on lands adjoining the 
 present Belden Burt farm, on the south, and reaching 
 across the Warwick Creek to the north road. His 
 dwelling was near the creek by the spring, a few rods 
 northeast of the John Pelton barn of the present 
 time. 
 
 The story of early settlement is interrupted for a 
 time following the above locations of 1719 to 1725. j 
 There are few traditions of other families until the 
 removal to this place of Daniel Burt in 174G (men- 
 tioned below). He only remained four years at that 
 time, and his permanent settlement dates from 1760. 
 Meanwhile, there is some documentary evidence as 
 to other families. The following fragments, among 
 the reports of slaves made pursuant to an act of the 
 Legislature, are found in the " Documentary History 
 of the State." Their titles indicate that the location 
 of a part at least of those mentioned was in War- 
 wick : 
 
 ■** The numh^ of ull the Negroes beloiiying under CnpL John Wmier of 'jlor- 
 aday,^ 17.55. 
 " Nathaniel Roe, two, a male and a female. 
 " William Thompson, two, a male and a female. 
 
 " James Thompson, one, a male. 
 
 " David Shepherd, one, a male. 
 
 ''Jonathan Elmer, one, a male. 
 
 " Heniy Wisner, one, a male. 
 
 " Joseph Alson, two, a male and a female. 
 
 '* Richard Alson, one, a male. 
 
 " Israel Parshall, one, a male. 
 
 " George Carr, one, a male. 
 
 " Adam Wisner, one, a female. 
 
 " Matthew Howell, one, a female. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 'John Wisneh.' 
 
 " May U please Hi« Excellency 
 
 " According to the act of your Assembly this is a true account of all 
 the slaves belonging to my District — 1755. 
 
 " To Cornelius De Kay, one negro slave. 
 
 " To George De Kay, one negro slave. 
 
 " To Richard Edsall, one negro male and three female slaves. 
 
 "To Benjamin Burt, one negro slave. 
 
 "To Thomas Welling, one negro slave. 
 
 "To Richard pidsall, Jun., one negro slave. 
 
 "To John Allison, one negro slave. 
 
 " To Peter Clous,* one negro slave. 
 
 (Signed) " Jacobus De Kay." 
 
 The name of James Thompson, probably the same 
 as that in the above list, occurs as quartermaster in 
 Col. Vincent Matthews' regiment of 1738. Several 
 of the others appear in the papers of twenty years 
 later given below. James Burt, Esq., makes the fol- 
 lowing memorandum on the above list of 17-55 : 
 
 Nathaniel Roe lived in what is now the town of 
 Chester. He had a son, Nathaniel Roe, Jr. 
 
 William Thompson lived about two miles from 
 Florida, in the present town of Goshen. James 
 Thompson, his brother, was settled in the same neigh- 
 borhood. 
 
 David Shejjherd was probably living at Amity, an- 
 cestor of many of the same family name residing in 
 that vicinity in later years. 
 
 Jonathan Elmer was the pastor of the church at 
 Florida, and a brother of Dr. Nathaniel Elmer, men- 
 tioned in the assessment-roll of twenty years later. 
 The name Alson is the Allison of later times, several 
 families of whom were in the west part of Warwick. 
 
 Capt. John Wisner, the enrolling officer, lived at 
 Mount Eve. Henry Wisner was about three miles 
 from Warwick village, towards Sugar Loaf. Adam 
 Wisner was doubtless a relative. 
 
 George Carr was a settler at Amity. Matthew 
 Howell was in the southern part of what is now 
 Goshen. 
 
 Peter Clous (Clowes) was a delegate to the first 
 Provincial Convention, April 20, 1775. Just why his 
 name appears in this list for the south part of War- 
 wick is not clear, as he is supposed to have lived north 
 of Goshen village. 
 
 To further show the settlement of Warwick we 
 have the aid of the assessment-roll of Goshen for 1775 
 (mentioned in several other towns), the last one made 
 out under the authority of the crown. There were 
 then ten assessment districts. Among these. District 
 No. 2 included a section of the present town of War- 
 wick, extending north and south from below Florida 
 
 * Peter Clowes was one of the proprietors of the town of Gusben. 
 
566 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 at some point to Amity, taking in also the Bellvale 
 neighborliood and the settlements in the vicinity of 
 what is now New Milford and the village of War- 
 wick. This statement does not define the exact 
 boundaries. The loss of the early precinct records 
 of Goshen prevents giving any official outline of the 
 district ; but the description locates it with consider- 
 able degree of accuracy. Mr. Nathaniel Vail, of 
 Goshen, has given this list special study, and the loca- 
 tion of District No. 2, as well as that of the others, is 
 upon his authority ; but it is also sustained by a com- 
 parison of names in old papers and in many other 
 ways. The assessor was John Hathorn. lu all this re- 
 gion the names of signers to the Revolutionary Arti- 
 cles of Association are also preserved, as shown else- 
 where, but the assessment-roll is much more complete. 
 Every family, without exception, must be mentioned, 
 and from the small amount of property, in many cases 
 single men with only personal property of little value 
 must have also been enrolled. This last suggestion 
 may account for the fact that the list shows a greater 
 population in 1775 than might at first thought appear 
 possible.* 
 
 ASSESSMENT-KOLL, SEPTEMBER, 1775. 
 District No. 2. — John Httthorji, Assei*soi: 
 
 Estimate 
 Names. of 
 
 Property . 
 
 £ «. :l. 
 
 Thomas Wisner 6 1 
 
 Samuel Clintock 2 
 
 Abel Gale 1 17 
 
 Anthony Yelverton 13 6 
 
 Jacob Bontar 19 6 
 
 Cornelius Bontar 18 9 
 
 Daniel Sayre 7 10 9 
 
 Jolin Vance. , 3 10 4 
 
 Thoriiai Wigt'ins 6 
 
 James Armstrong 1 19 
 
 Lawrence Decker 2 3 
 
 Garret Decker 6 
 
 William Patterson 13 II 
 
 Frederick Shultz 2 (> 
 
 Brice Rickey 14 
 
 John Hathorn 10 2 
 
 James Ellis 1 11 
 
 Thomas Welling 24 8 
 
 Ephraim Bennct, Sr 4 6 
 
 Charles Beardsley 14 12 1 
 
 Jonathan Lockwood 14 9 
 
 Joseph Tompkins I) "I 6 
 
 Augustine Rogei-a 6 19 5 
 
 John Bogart 9 14 4 
 
 Charles Wiggins G 4 
 
 John Price 6 
 
 Estimate 
 
 of 
 
 Property. 
 
 £ 8. d. 
 
 William Landon 3 10 1 
 
 Archibald Armstrong 3 10 
 
 PeterCooley 6 13 
 
 Joseph Wilson 5 5 
 
 Wm. McKane (Irish) 7 
 
 Thomas Johnson 3 15 
 
 Darius Hannan 1 10 
 
 Alhert Wisner 12 
 
 Richard Edsall, Esq 13 6 
 
 Jacob Smith 6 
 
 John Wandoll 6 11 
 
 Daniel Hultz 6 6 
 
 Cornelius Jones 4 7 
 
 Isaac Jones 2 
 
 Isaac Johnson 9 16 
 
 Daniel Benedict 19 
 
 Nathan Grey 5 12 
 
 James Benedict, Sr..-. U 8 
 
 Anthony Finn 6 17 
 
 Daniel Burt, Jr 3 
 
 Timothy Wood 6 13 
 
 Benjamin Burt U 11 
 
 Tlio'mas Burt l! 
 
 Jacob Wansor 4 16 
 
 Peter Clows 10 9 
 
 Richard Johnson 5 12 
 
 Richard Kerr 5 
 
 Nathaniel Finch 4 12 
 
 David Kerr 6 17 
 
 John Duncan 5 18 
 
 Robert Finn 8 15 
 
 Israel Sammons 8 
 
 Lewis Savre 10 
 
 Peter Edsall 6 9 
 
 James Benedict, Jr... v^.... 7 11 
 
 William Clark 1 3 
 
 - Israel W'ood 7 5 
 
 Isaac Alyea 7 S 
 
 Colviii Bradiier 4 12 
 
 , Natlittiibl Jlinthorn 3 12 
 
 John ll..lb,-it 12 
 
 Ezckiel Smith 2 
 
 Gamaliel Truesdale 12 
 
 Richard Masters 14 
 
 John Mintliorn 4 9 
 
 John Robinson 5 1 
 
 Nathaniel Ketcham 11 2 
 
 Oliver Heady 4 
 
 Daniel Wliitney 9 4 
 
 Samuel Vanca. 6 15 
 
 Estimate 
 Names. of 
 
 Property. 
 £ s. d. 
 
 John Benedict 3 14 8 
 
 Isaac Abbey o u 10 
 
 Benjamin Cooley 3 
 
 Martin King 9 
 
 Joseph Bailey 5 11 
 
 Elijah Finton 3 
 
 John Hazen 4 18 
 
 Anthony Clerk 4 
 
 Abraham Alyea 8 2 
 
 Peter Alyea 14 
 
 Thomas Sayer 10 2 
 
 Glatut Boatnmn 2 
 
 ThonuB Sayer, Jr 21 12 
 
 Thomas Bennett 5 
 
 Matthew Bennett 1 12 
 
 John Wheeler 6 
 
 Nathan Sayer 8 
 
 Thomas De Kay 7 1 
 
 Thomas Snyer (shoemkr) 10 
 
 James Mitchell 18 
 
 Abraham Bennett 3 13 
 
 Abraham Bennett, Jr 1 12 
 
 Joshua Morehouse 2 11 
 
 ».John Seeley 2 13 
 
 Ephraim Bennett, Jr 3 10 
 
 John Beckis '. 
 
 Benjamin Brundage 3 6 
 
 Jonathan Silsbee 10 
 
 James Brown 9 
 
 Thomas Barr 3 
 
 Enos Silsbee 3 12 
 
 John Rickey 2 00 
 
 Jonathan Rockwell 2 7 
 
 David Sanford 2 5 
 
 Jolin SaLiford 4 11 
 
 Peter Smith 2 
 
 Paulus Hopper 2 8 
 
 Ezra Sanford 3 13 
 
 Joseph Patterson 2 
 
 Cornelius Voorhis 5 10 
 
 Anthony Brayman 5 
 
 Hezekiah Scliofield, Jr... 1 11 
 
 Jacob Voorhis 6 
 
 Darnel Benjamin 14 
 
 Abraham Vanduzer 18 
 
 John Cnurter 11 
 
 Peter Courter, Jr 2 
 
 Hezekiah Scliofield 6 4 
 
 Samuel Lohdels 9 13 
 
 Ariantea Vandevoort 4 10 
 
 * It is evident, too, that there are names here of those who lived beyond 
 the present limits of Warwick. 
 
 Estimate 
 Names. ' of 
 
 Property. 
 
 £ ». J. 
 Jonathan Knapp (War- 
 wick) 4 00 
 
 Jesse Finch 1 3 2 
 
 Daniel Burt, Sr 9 11 9 
 
 Francis Baird 21 6 
 
 William Wisner 3 12 6 
 
 Samuel Eilsall 7 IS 6 
 
 John Edsall 2 17 5 
 
 David McCamly 8 3 
 
 Margaret Case 9 6 
 
 Elizabeth Owens 7 3 
 
 Barnabas Monroe 18 7 
 
 Cato Dean 3 3 3 
 
 George Dean 2 11 1 
 
 Hugh Lord 1 
 
 George Vance :... 8 
 
 John Blaine 5 12 
 
 Jacob Wandell 4 1 
 
 Bourds Jacocks (t 9 3 
 
 John Simpson 3 .3 4 
 
 Samuel Simpson 1 10 
 
 John SutbJU 4 19 11 
 
 Henrv Winfield 3 10 10 
 
 Bill De Kay 1 6 
 
 John Decker 2 6 
 
 William Blaine 12 C 3 
 
 The paper is indorsed : 
 
 "Within is a list of my assessment of all the inhabitants within my 
 district. 
 
 "Given under my hand in the month of September in the year 1775. 
 
 " J'>IIN HatH0RN."+ 
 
 The town of Warwick appears to include another 
 of the assessment districts of Goshen Precinct, viz.: 
 District No. 5, John Wood, assessor. It is described 
 by Mr. Nathaniel Vail, of Goshen, sustained by other 
 authority, as comprising the territory in the vicinity 
 of Wickham's Pond, including Bellvale Valley. The 
 boundaries between this and the other Warwick dis- 
 trict are not very clear from this testimony, as Bell- 
 vale is thus mentioned in each ; but the Bellvale 
 neighltorhood was of considerable extent, and may 
 have been divided liy the line of the assessment dis- 
 tricts. As already mentioned, there is a larger list of 
 names for 1775 tlian might be thought correct for tliat 
 early date, more than a century ago. But the popu- 
 lation of Orange County was of considerable numbers 
 previous to the Revolution, and this assessment-roll is 
 of unquestioned authority : 
 
 District No, 5. — John Wood, Assessor. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Estimate 
 
 of 
 Property. 
 £ s. d. 
 
 George Howell 13 
 
 David Howell 2 9 9 
 
 Oliver Bailey 5 
 
 Noniiah Bailey 2 10 
 
 John Bailev 3 
 
 Phineas PaVshall 8 
 
 John Howell 2 5 9 
 
 James Parshall 14 
 
 Henry Dobbins 2 10 
 
 James Robinson 6 
 
 Samuel Harmon 1 19 
 
 Michael Brooks 2 10 
 
 Wm. Lewis 14 3 
 
 Sarah Horton, widow 1 17 
 
 Peter Barlow 2 3 
 
 David Howell, Jr 2 15 
 
 Barnabas Horton, Sugar 
 
 Loaf 3 4 
 
 Zavan Horton 19 6 
 
 Estimate 
 
 Names. of 
 
 Property, 
 
 f «. d. 
 
 James Jackson 16 
 
 Joseph Chilson 2 2 3 
 
 Thomas Goldsmith 4 15 9 
 
 Hugh Fulton 19 3 
 
 Roe Chilson 2 6 
 
 Joseph Todd 4 8 
 
 Peter Bogart 2 17 
 
 Eliphalet Wood 2 17 
 
 Cornelius Decker 2 14 6 
 
 Gilbert Howell 2 9 
 
 James McKeen 4 6 
 
 John Bigger 3 16 
 
 Robert McLaue 8 
 
 Benjamin Demarest 1 14 6 
 
 Peter Demarest 2 1 
 
 Henry Clark 2 9 1 
 
 Abraham Chandler 4 IS 6 
 
 Joseph Jewell 19 6 
 
 Wm. Burdolf. 5 9 
 
 f John Hathorn was, at this time, captain of the Warwick company of 
 militia. lie subsequently became colonel of the Warwick regiment, and 
 in this capacity commanded in the battle of Minisink. Further notice 
 will be found in civil list, General History. 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 567 
 
 Names. 
 
 Estimate 
 
 of 
 Property. 
 £ 8. d. 
 9 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Henry Biirdolf. 1 12 
 
 Jacobus Larue 1 14 
 
 Jacobus Burdolf 10 4 
 
 Eleanor Vandu^en 2 
 
 Capt. Henry Wisner 8 11 
 
 Wni. Wisner 1 4 
 
 Potter Fous 1 
 
 John Feagles, Sr 2 7 
 
 Juliana Smith, widow.... 2 
 
 Jat-ob Feagles 3 18 
 
 Jolm Newberry 3 
 
 Edwin Newberry 2 17 
 
 David Jones 1 8 
 
 Andrew Plantin 1 14 
 
 John Babcock 12 
 
 Thomas Eagles 6 17 
 
 Cooiirad Gunter 2 14 
 
 Wm. Carby 2 
 
 Eioliard Haycock 2 
 
 Isaac Walker 1 8 
 
 Stephen Lewis 8 15 
 
 Obadiah Savre I 10 
 
 Joel Miller 
 
 .... 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 7 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 Names. 
 
 Estimate 
 
 of 
 Property. 
 £ «. d. 
 
 AbnerWood 4 6 
 
 Jacobus Deniarest 5 2 
 
 Jacobus Demarest (2) 8 13 
 
 Wm. Currey 17 
 
 Joseph Currey 113 
 
 Benjamin Currey 1 16 9 
 
 John Armstrong., 3 16 
 
 Joel Cross 1 16 
 
 Matthew McConnell 2 4 
 
 Reuben Hall 3 9 1 
 
 Andrew Miller 6 12 
 
 Samuel Rayner 4 17 4 
 
 .James Miller 4 7 6 
 
 Mary Allison 2 
 
 Jabez Finch 2 
 
 Wm. Wickham 18 12 1 
 
 Jacobus Larue 3 15 6 
 
 Henry Burdolf. 2 6 
 
 Joshua Uallock 6 10 7 
 
 Jesse Owens 3 17 3 
 
 Hugh Dobbin 2 8 9 
 
 Phebe Jennings 2 9 
 
 John Wood 6 3 
 
 James Howell 3 Y 
 
 Samuel Wells 6 
 
 Nicholas Dean 5 5 
 
 Anthony Swartwood 7 19 
 
 Nathaniel Sutton 6 
 
 Solomon Smith 2 19 
 
 Capt. Daniel Dentim and ) 
 Wm. Wickham. for U 1 
 Capt. Horton's estate. J 
 
 Abel Scott 
 John Gardinier. 
 
 Elisha Doan 
 
 James Forest.... 
 
 John Hawes 
 
 Daniel Van Horn 2 18 
 
 Andrew Micks (?) 1 12 
 
 John Hopper 4 6 6: Wm. Wickham. for SI 1 
 
 Peter Burdolf. 3 14 
 
 Peter Burns 5 10 
 
 " The above is a true list of the District taken by me September, 1775. 
 
 " John Wood." 
 
 Assessment District No. 8, of tliis same roll 
 
 of 1775 (Ebenezer Owen, assessor), was evidently 
 
 the southwestern, or more correctly, perhaps, the 
 
 western portion of the present town of Warwick, the 
 
 neighborhood of Mount Eve, Amity to Pine Island, 
 
 and to the New Jersey line, consistin_g in all of quite 
 
 a portion of the fertile 17,000-acre tract. 
 
 District No. 8. — Ebenezer Owe.v, Assessor. 
 
 District No. 9 comprised evidently the southern 
 portion of the present town of Goshen, the Florida 
 neighborhood of Warwick, and southward to the 
 vicinity of Mount Eve, where, as already shown, an- 
 other district commenced. This district included an 
 extensive portion of the valuable Drowned Lands, 
 rich, fertile, and attractive to the early settlers. Ac- 
 cording to this list seventy or more families were then 
 living in this section. John McCamly was the as- 
 sessor. 
 
 District No. 9. — John McCamly, Assessor^ September, 1775. 
 
 Estimate 
 
 of 
 Property. 
 
 Estimate 
 
 of 
 Property. 
 
 £ «. 
 
 Samuel Knapp 7 14 
 
 David Devore 1 6 
 
 Aaron Dockworth 1 10 
 
 Increase Holley 5 11 
 
 Charles Knapp 5 8 
 
 Joshua Knapp 3 17 
 
 John Goldman 2 19 
 
 Zebulon Jayne 5 
 
 Noah Holley 14 
 
 Moses Monroe 
 
 Christian Snedaker 
 
 Moses Knapp. 2 
 
 Samuel Cornell 2 
 
 William Holly 12 
 
 Matthias Snook 3 19 
 
 Daniel Burr 2 
 
 Abigail Burr 1 4 
 
 Samuel Burnett 5 
 
 Henry Decker 2 17 
 
 William Tuthill 2 
 
 Wiliiam Green 1 19 
 
 George Bucanan 18 
 
 Noah Carpenter.. 1 
 
 Samuel Brunson 18 10 
 
 William Ferguson 9 
 
 Tliotniis Morgan 2 2 
 
 Peter Post 1 
 
 H\iKh McWhorter 2 16 
 
 Israel Smith 10 
 
 Jabez Lewis 15 
 
 John McWhorter 1 7 
 
 Jacob Goble 2 
 
 Samuel Lewis 1 
 
 William Ramsey I 
 
 John Bloom 3 
 
 William Lettamore 1 
 
 Philip McConnelly 2 
 
 Amos Bennett 2 
 
 Abraham Cortriglit 1 17 10 
 
 ThomiiB Farrier 2 13 2 
 
 5 8 
 
 6 
 
 8 7 
 
 Estimate 
 Names. of 
 
 Property, 
 f «. <i. 
 
 Elias Taylor 2 11 7 
 
 John Konkling 14 5 
 
 Richard Bailey 2 
 
 Richard Ketchum 2 3 9 
 
 JohuSmith 1 14 6 
 
 David Rogers 2 15 8 
 
 James Williams 5 15 11 
 
 Joseph Nanney 2 8 5 
 
 Jacob Vanderroof. 3 14 
 
 John Luckey 1 18 
 
 John McLaughlin 10 
 
 Robert Longwell 3 2 
 
 James Wright 3 5 
 
 Herman Rowley 18 
 
 Oak. Bloom " 2 4 
 
 Constant Leonard 2 
 
 George Rankins 2 14 
 
 George Luckey 3 13 
 
 Wessel Smith 2 15 » 
 
 Robert Boyil 5 1 
 
 Isaac DoIbou 4 1 11 
 
 Benjamin Davis 7 10 
 
 Henry Ellet 3 
 
 Daniel Carn 2 4 
 
 John Martin 2 4 
 
 Jonathan Tompkins 3 
 
 Anthony Carr 2 
 
 Daniel IJailey 1 1 
 
 William McChier 10 
 
 Caleb Smith, Mount 
 
 Eave 3 3 
 
 John Stratton 2 13 
 
 Daniel Slratton 1 12 
 
 Joseph Totten 3 8 
 
 John Poppino, Sr 4 4 
 
 Wm. Carr, Jr 9 
 
 Jolin Poppino (3d) 3' 3 
 
 Wm. Carr, Sr 5 4 
 
 David Araistrong 6 15 
 
 Wm. Armstrong, Sr 8 10 
 
 Wm. Armstrong, Jr 5 14 
 
 Samuel Burdolf 3 4 
 
 Burdolf 8 
 
 John Sweagles 4 8 
 
 Gerard Declcer 3 14 
 
 Joshua Wicks 2 11 
 
 Abraham Dolkin 5 14 
 
 Isaac Dolson 16 
 
 Peter Demarest 5 7 
 
 James Arsbill 6 
 
 Wm. Allison Orissey (?)... 1 
 
 James Mosier 2 8 
 
 Timothy Halstead 8 
 
 John Rinau 9 
 
 John Munger 8 
 
 Michael Dalv 2 16 
 
 Henry Randall 2 15 
 
 Timothy Beei-s 1 5 
 
 Jonas Wood 3 13 
 
 John Poppino, Jr 5 in 
 
 George Decker 2 
 
 ^'athaniel Roe, Jr 4 3 
 
 Cornelius Demarest 4 8 
 
 Wm. McKane.. 14 
 
 Thomas Jackson 10 
 
 Andrew Wood 3 
 
 - Dr. Daniel Wood 3 15 
 
 Mary Wood 8 
 
 Annanias Wliiteman 4 4 
 
 Daniel Holley 2 
 
 Lewis Eastwood 5 
 
 * Samuel Seeley 11 
 
 
 9 
 7 
 3 
 8 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 9 
 1 
 
 
 
 6 
 1 
 3 
 3 
 7 
 9 
 9 
 9 10 
 4 10 
 
 
 6 
 1 
 3 
 6 
 
 Estimate 
 
 Names. of 
 
 Property. 
 £ s. d. 
 
 James Benjamin, Jr 5 2 7 
 
 James Firm 3 18 1 
 
 Capt. John Wisner 8 13 9 
 
 John Wisner, Jr 8 6 1 
 
 John Ellison 4 16 
 
 Wm. Clark 2 10 10 
 
 John Simington 2 10 
 
 James Benjamin, Sr 5 11 1 
 
 Benjamin Tliompson 3 7 10 
 
 Samuel Jayne 5 16 6 
 
 Rev. Amzi Lewis 4 11 3 
 
 Richard Baylies 8 13 
 
 Daniel Baylies 9 
 
 TimothyClark 4 2 
 
 George Carr 7 2 
 
 PliineaA Tompkins 1 
 
 John Brown 2 
 
 Richard Clark 16 
 
 George Thompson, Sr 6 
 
 Dr. Nathaniel Elmer 8 2 
 
 John Borland 2 
 
 Noah Holley, Jr 2 13 
 
 Josiah Holley, Sr 7 16 
 
 George Wood 4 12 
 
 Isaac Wynins 5 16 
 
 Henry Lyon 4 
 
 Thomas Osburn 9 10 
 
 Isaac Jennings ' 5 3 
 
 James Mc^ane, Jr 2 8 
 
 Isaac Brooks 10 
 
 John Sayre 10 1 
 
 Jonas Roe, Sr 13 14 
 
 Capt. Nathaniel Roe 6 13 
 
 Jonas Roe, Jr 2 
 
 Adam Wisner 4 
 
 Seeley Smith 5 7 
 
 Jeremiah Curtis 8 1 
 
 John Kennedy 9 8 
 
 John McCamly 4 13 
 
 Elias Smith 4 3 10 
 
 Joseph Smith 110 
 
 Simon Ray 6 7 1 
 
 Margaret Armstrong 3 9 6 
 
 David Utter 8 
 
 Ebenezer Owen 6 13 8 
 
 Henrich Johnston 1 15 7 
 
 Andrew Johnston 2 5 
 
 Jcdin Grey 3 8 11 
 
 *' The above is a true list of the assessment of my District, taken this 
 month of September, 1775. Ebenezer Owen." 
 
 " The above is a true list of the assessment of my district taken in the 
 month of September, 1775. John McCabily." 
 
 We add a few notes upon several of the names 
 mentioned in these rolls, but the subject grows so 
 voluminous that we are obliged to abbreviate it for 
 this volume. By giving the lists in full we furnish 
 to all the descendants a clue by which they can trace 
 their ancestors' families and their location to any ex- 
 tent desired. 
 
 In 1746, Daniel Burt, the father of Hon. James 
 Burt, came from Connecticut and located upon the 
 farm owned in later years by Thomas and Edward L. 
 Welling. There he remained in the depths of the 
 forest for four years, when his relatives came from 
 Connecticut, and after a long and tedious search 
 found him buried in the wild woods. They assured 
 him he could never get along in such a new country, 
 and persuaded him to return with them, which he 
 did. He sold out to Thomas Welling, the grand- 
 father of Thomas and Edward L. Welling, and 
 moved back to Connecticut. There he was not satis- 
 fied to remain, returned in 17(10, and made an effort 
 to re-purchase his old farm of Mr. Welling; but in 
 
568 
 
 HISTOKY OF OKANGB COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 consequence of a flisagreement about the price of a 
 horse, wliicli was to he a part of the consideration, 
 the bargain fell through, and Burt purchased at Bell- 
 vale, on Long-House Creek. This was a valuable 
 property, as it contained a fine water-power, upon 
 which he erected a flour- and saw-mill. The mill was 
 overshot, there being 30 feet fall in 30 rods. Exten- 
 sive milling and other mechanical works have con- 
 tinued to be conducted there. This location Daniel 
 Burt exchanged for a farm near the village of War- 
 wick, the one now owned by his grandson, James 
 Burt. 
 
 On the Welling farm there was an Indian settlement 
 called Miscotucky. They had an orchard of apple- 
 trees, some of which were standing in a meadow down 
 to a comparatively modern period. 
 
 Hon. James Burt was born at Bellvale, Oct. 25, 
 1760, the youngest of ten children. The various and 
 important offices held by him from time to time, 
 through the course of a long life, are evidence of the 
 high esteem in which he was held by his intelligent 
 fellow-citizens. He was a member of the Assembly 
 several years, a member of the State Senate for twelve, 
 and three times an elector of President and Vice- 
 President.* 
 
 During the Revolutionary war Mr. Burt, though 
 young at its commencement, was a very active Whig, 
 and vigilant in defending his neighborhood against 
 the secret and ojien attacks of the Tories. We relate 
 one instance among many others. A man by the 
 name of Johnston, who had been an English sea-cap- 
 tain, lived in a stone house in the village of Warwick. 
 The house then belonged to Mr. William Wisner. 
 Johnston was a silversmith and followed tl.at business 
 at the time. Supposing him in possession oi money 
 and other valuable ])roperty, his house was attacked 
 one rainy night by eleven Tories, some of whom be- 
 longed in that vicinity. Two sisters and two negro 
 boys were living with him at the time. The robbers 
 broke into the house, and Johnston, while defending 
 himself most manfully, received a cut in the shoulder 
 from a sword, which wholly disabled him. One of 
 the negro boys and a Mr. Coe had been out eeling 
 that night, and just at this time were returning home. 
 As they aijjjroached the house, the Tories saw them, 
 and thinking the settlers were coming upon them, de- 
 camjied, taking with them all the valuables of the 
 house, and among them a very valuable sword. At 
 this time young Burt was a lieutenant in a military 
 company commanded by Capt. Minthorn, and his 
 brother, Daniel Burt, Jr., came over from the village 
 to inform him of the aft'air, and to direct him to warn 
 out his company forthwith to go in pursuit of the 
 robbers. It was dark, and rained in torrents. He 
 started to go as far as Bellvale, and while going 
 through the woods on the side of the hill in front of J 
 his house he heard three distinct snapping of guns. 
 
 * He voted for Jefferaon, Madison, and Harrison. 
 
 He drew up his musket to fire, though he saw no one ; 
 but instantly thinking if he did he might be seen by 
 the flash of his own gun and be shot down by the 
 robbers, refrained and passed on. Having warned out 
 his neighbors Joshua Carpenter, Nathaniel Ketcham, 
 Daniel Jayne, Philip, Samuel, and Azariah Ketcham, 
 Benjamin Whitney, and a few others, they started in 
 pursuit. In the morning they found some Continen- 
 tal troops down in the mountains, who went with 
 them. The company took down one side of the moun- 
 tain and the soldiers the other, who came suddenly 
 upon the robbers while together eating in the woods, 
 fired upon them and killed five of the eleven. Here 
 they found many of the stolen articles and Johnston's 
 .sword. The six fled, but one of them was shot 
 through the leg, taken, and put in jail. The five con- 
 tinued to flee down towards New Jersey, hotly pur- 
 sued by all, who turned out to help capture the Tory 
 robbers. Tliree of the five were killed during the 
 chase, and two only of the eleven thus far escaped. 
 The two found their way to Hackensack, and there 
 they stole a pair of horses, were pursued again, and 
 one was shot and killed, the other wounded. 
 
 While young Burt was in pursuit of the robbers he 
 told his company that on the night he started to warn 
 them out he heard three distinct snaps of guns iu the 
 woods near his house, but they laughed at him and 
 said that he was afraid and imagined that the robbers 
 were about to shoot him, and made themselves quite 
 merry at his expense. When they returned, it was 
 thought advisable to search the woods in question, 
 when, to the great satisfaction of Sergt. Burt, they 
 found at the place described by him that the robbers 
 had been there sitting on a log, and left there many 
 small articles which they had stolen from Johnston, 
 and with which they did not wish to be encumbered. 
 The guns of the robbers did not go off in consequence 
 of the priming having been dampened by the'rain, as 
 was supposed. 
 
 During the war Burt served under Col. Hathorn, 
 who commanded at the battle of Minisink, and was 
 stationed at P'ishkill when the war closed. On re- 
 turning home the troops had to cross the river in an 
 old Continental scow. It was crowded with horses, 
 troopers, and soldiers. Before they got half over, she 
 leaked so fast that they had to bail her out with their 
 hats to keep her from sinking. They had but one 
 oar, and the water being quite rough, they made out 
 to get her ashore at New Windsor. 
 
 Extract from family record of Daniel Burt, giving 
 his children : Phebe, born July 15, 1738, married 
 Daniel Lobdell ; Daniel, born Oct. 20, 1740, married 
 Martha Bradner ; Martha, born April 3, 1743, mar- 
 ried Daniel Whitney ; Hannah, born May 24, 1745, 
 married James Benjamin ; Ruth, born July 3, 1747, 
 married Edy Newbury ; Lydia, born May 1, 1750, 
 married Daniel Sayer; Sarah, born Dec. 15, 1752, 
 married Joshua Carpenter; Esther, born May 17, 
 1755, married Benjamin Coleman ; Ann, born Jan. 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 569 
 
 27, 1758, married (lirleon Scott ; James, born Oct. 25, 
 1760, married Abigail Coe. 
 
 Mrs. Daniel Burt died Jan. 10, 1810, aged ninety- 
 four years. At her death she had several hundred 
 descendants. 
 
 The farm owned by Daniel Finch, and afterwards 
 by Capt. John Jayne, situate on Long Ridge, on the 
 road from Florida to Warwick, on the western part 
 of the Van Home tract, was located before 1762, and 
 that road was then a public highway. Francis Arm- 
 strong and Joseph Bailey resided in that vicinity. 
 
 When Daniel Burt returned to the county in 1760, 
 Daniel Whitney came with him, married his sister 
 and located.* An individual by the name of David 
 Benjamin was located upon the side of the mountain 
 on the laud aftervvard.s owned by James Burt. 
 
 Benjamin Burt, a brother of Daniel, came into the 
 town about that time, and settled on the farm after- 
 wards owned by Beldeu Burt. 
 
 John Vance w as early in the town, and lived near 
 Judge Wheeler, on the farm subsequently owned by 
 John Pelton. 
 
 Mr. David McCamley, the ancestor of those of that 
 name, settled about 1760, and built the mill James 
 Wheeler owned in later years. 
 
 Philip Ketcham located about half-way between 
 Warwick and Bellvale. 
 
 Jonathan Knapp settled on the farm owned in 
 modern times by the McGee family. 
 
 John and William Blaiu purchased the lands pos- 
 sessed in later years by Samuel Blain, Robert and 
 Henry Pelton. 
 
 Thomas DeKay was an early settler, and Maj. J. 
 Wheeler and Joel Wood afterwards occupied the same 
 property, as already noted. 
 
 Charles Beardsley lived in the village of Warwick, 
 and owned the lands now covered by the village. 
 
 The first settlers in the present village of Warwick 
 were Daniel Burt, Jr., in 1765, Francis Baird, and 
 William Wisner, who lived where the Messrs. Well- 
 ing afterwards kept a public inn. 
 
 The family of Jeffrey Wisner, Esq., were early set- 
 tlers in this and in the town of Wallkill. They were 
 connected by marriage with the old family of Phil- 
 lips, and contributed their part in various ways to 
 clear up the country and sustain her during the war 
 of the Revolution. The members of this family 
 were strong-minded, sensible, and enterprising, and 
 well calculated to settle a new country and infuse 
 strength and energy into its early institutions. 
 
 The Jett'rey Wisner place is very elevated on the 
 east side and almost upon the crown of a long ridge 
 which runs north and south, and overlooks all the 
 eastern part of the town. The village of Warwick, 
 with its rolling glades clad in deepest verdure, and 
 the Wawayanda gracefully sweeping her course to 
 the south, lie directly at its feet. In the distance 
 
 • A daughter also married a Whitney, as shown above. 
 
 87 
 
 are seen the Warwick Mountains, encircling the .south- 
 eastern portion of the town, and, as it were, barring 
 out all approach to New Jersey ; and to diversify the 
 beautiful prospect. Sugar- Loaf Mountain at the north 
 lifts up her forest-crowned head and almost shakes 
 her verdant locks. The spot looks as if it had been 
 tenanted for ages, and has the calm and stately ap- 
 pearance of dignity and wealth. 
 
 William Armstrong was an early settler. The 
 family is Scotch, though it came here, like many of 
 the early settlers, from Ireland, he being one of 
 the company of Clinton immigrants in 1729, though 
 then a minor. He had several children, among 
 whom were Robert, William, John, Archibald, Eliz- 
 abeth Borland, and Polly Jackson. He settled very 
 early in this town, so that his children were princi- 
 pally grown up before the Revolution. The family 
 tradition is that his wife was a descendant of Bishop 
 Lattimer. 
 
 Robert Armstrong, his son, was born 1754, and 
 married Rachel Smith, born 1768. Their children 
 were Julia, born Aug. 1, 1788, and married John Roe ; 
 Jasper, born April 20, 1790, and married Sarah Coe ; 
 Robert G., born July 18, 1793, and married Sarah A. 
 L. Lewis ; George W., born March 7, 1796, and mar- 
 ried Fanny Wheeler ; Maria, born Sept. 18, 1798, not 
 married; Harriet, born July 12, 1801, and married 
 John Smith aud Calvin Sawyer; John C, born 
 April 15, 1803, never married ; Rachel, born July 15, 
 1805, and married Poladore Seward ; and Sally S., 
 who married Ira Brown. His biography is contained 
 in the following notice of his death pul)lished at the 
 time. It will be seen that he was one of the first 
 members of Assembly from old Orange County after 
 the Revolution, and we have been told that he did 
 not know that he was running for office or was even 
 a candidate till he went to the polls. People are not 
 so ignorant of their worth and pretensions at this day. 
 At the battle of Minisink he acted as aid to Gen. 
 Hathorn, who commanded. 
 
 " At his residence, Florida. Orange County, State uf New Yorli, on Fri- 
 day, May 30, 1834, Robert Armstrong, Esq., iu the eighty. first year of liis 
 age. He was a man Jionored and respected as extensively as he was 
 known ; and extensively known as a l>ublic man from tlie age of about 
 twenty-nine years. Hewas intimately connected with the Revolutionary 
 struggle as a member of the Committee of Vigilance for the district in 
 which lie lived, and as taking an active part in some of its most difficult 
 aud trying scenes. In the days of George Clinton he held a seat as the 
 youngest member in the Legislature of the State, and from that day until 
 age rendered hira desirous of retiring from public business he was inces- 
 santly called upon to sustain public trusts in different offices, both of 
 election and appointment: asjustice of the peace, county clerk and treas- 
 urer, member of the Assembly, judge of the Court of Common Pleas, aud 
 many others; in all he secured the confidence of all; aud was one of 
 those rare men who are never even suspected of selfish or corrupt de- 
 signs. For tifty-seven years he was a member of the Presbyterian 
 Church of Florida, and for fifty-three years a ruling elder in the same 
 church. Within this period of more than half a century many times of 
 trial came ui)on that church ; in all of which, from first to last, he sttiod 
 the firm and unbendiug defender of the truth, and was the acknowledged 
 and happy instrument often of saving that portion of Zion from distrac- 
 tion aud apparent ruin." 
 
 Of the Wood family the following fact« are given 
 
570 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 from an obituary notice of Mr. Jesse C. Wood, who 
 died at Parkville, L. I., aged eighty-nine years : 
 
 "Israel Wood, only son of Israel Wood, Earl of Warwick, in Enpland, 
 came to New York in company with the Duke of York. He was at that 
 time a single man, and purchased a tract of land six miles square of a 
 man who had previously received a grant from the King of Holland, in 
 the township of Bookhaven, on Long Island. He divided it into farms 
 and put tenants npon them, and married and settled upon it himself. 
 He had three sons, the first named Israel, the second Cornelius, and the 
 other is not known. Israel Wood, his eldest son, married a lady hy the 
 name of Oldfield, in Kings County, who received as a dowry from her 
 father a large tract of land in Fluthush. He hnilt a honse upon this land, 
 which was the first house huilt npon Brooklyn Heights. He also huilt 
 a tide-mill for grinding grain on what is now called Red Hook, taking 
 its name from the mill. He had four sons, — Ahner, Eliphalet, George, 
 and Daniel, — and one dangliter , named Mary. He then purchased the 
 tract of conntry now known as the Drowned Lands in Orange County, 
 and another large tract containing what is now known as the Wickham 
 Pond. He also purchased a third tract, on which he settled with his four 
 80DB, and huilt a mill hut a few rods above Stone Bridge, svipposed to be 
 the first mill Iniilt i[i this vicinity. Abner settled on the farm now 
 owned hy Charles A. Van Duzer ; Eliphalet, where .Tames Ackerman 
 resides ; George, on the place occupied hy Col. Wm. W. Houston ; Daniel, 
 the farm now occupied by his grandson, George W, Wood ; and the 
 daughter Mary, on the farm now occupied by Sarah antl Francis Bene- 
 dict. Daniel Wood, father of the deceased, had eight sons and one 
 daughter. They were Israel, Daniel, John, David, Joel, William, James, 
 Jesse C, and Betsy. The daughter died young. All but two of the sons 
 passed eighty years; Joel eighty-eight and Jesse eighty-nine, at the time 
 of their death. Jesse C. Wood, the deceased, the last one of the family, 
 at first resided on the Mariin Brooks place, near Stone Bridge, then in 
 New York, then in Montgomery County. He returned to New York, 
 visited England and Ireland, held several places of trust with honor. At 
 the time of his death he was living at Parkville, L. I. He left but one 
 child, a daughter, Mary E. Wood, the others having died young." 
 
 James Benedict, Sr., was the early Baptist minister. 
 He had three sons, — James, William, Joseph. The 
 sons of James, Jr., were James, William, and Israel. 
 A son of William, William L. Benedict, resides now 
 upon the old Mabie homestead, near Warwick village. 
 William of the first family had one son, Henry, who 
 died early, and Joseph had one son, James; one or 
 more sons of the latter now reside in town. 
 
 Cornelius Demerest came to Warwick in 1774, and 
 settled on the ridge near the present residence of 
 James C. Sly. Buildings gone. His sons were David 
 C, Samuel, Frederick, and Cornelius C. A son of 
 the latter is Cornelius H., president of the National 
 Bank. There was one daughter in the original family, 
 who became Mrs. Greenwood, of Cincinnati. 
 
 Rev. Charles Cummins was born in Strasburg, Pa., 
 July 15, 1776 ; he graduated at Dickinson College in 
 1800 ; he studied theology, and was licensed in 1803. 
 His first pastorate was at Chestnut Level, Pa. In 1806 
 he was settled at Florida ; there he preached forty- 
 three years, his labors terminating there in 1849. In 
 1852 he removed to Muscatine, Iowa, where he died 
 January, 1863. His children were Thomas A. Cum- 
 mins and James S. L. Cummins, of New York City ; 
 Mrs. James S. Horton, of Iowa ; Rev. John L. Cum- 
 mins, of Keokuk, Iowa; Col. F. M. Cummins, of 
 Goshen ; and Mrs. Jacob Butler, of Iowa. These were 
 the children of his second marriage. By a previous 
 ' marriage he had one son, John P., who died when 
 twelve years old in consequence of a fall from a tree. 
 
 Dr. Elmer's homestead was the property now occu- 
 
 pied by Nathaniel E. Conkling, of Florida. John 
 Kennedy kept tavern about 1790 at Florida, in a 
 house still standing: a long low building, now the 
 Aspell property. Anthony Finn's homestead was 
 where James Foley now lives, below Warwick village. 
 Richard Johnson lived on the ridge. Mr. Cornelius 
 mentions having seen among the papers of Mr. John- 
 son a memorandum of an army oflicer of money paid 
 Mr. Johnson for pasturing horses during the Revolu- 
 tionary war. John Wheeler's homestead was the 
 present place of Ezra Sanford. The Pattersons lived 
 near New Milford. George Vance's place was the 
 one now owned by James Wisner. John Sutton lived 
 near the present place of Richard Wisner. Thomas 
 Welling lived where his descendant, Thomas Welling, 
 now lives. The proiierty has been owned steadily by 
 a Thomas Welling. 
 
 The Newberry homestead was south of Beilvale 
 and east of Wickham Pond. 
 
 For many of these items we are indebted to Corne- 
 lius H. Demerest, president of the National Bank, 
 and to James Burt, Esq. The latter is the son of Hon. 
 James Burt of Revolutionary memory and long public 
 service, mentioned above, and who died in 1852. The 
 present James Burt was born March 9, 1798, upon 
 the old homestead, and has spent his life there. He 
 has been honored with many important trusts by his 
 fellow-citizens, and has been president of the Bank 
 of Chester for twenty-six years. During that long 
 period he has been present at every monthly meeting 
 of the directors, and at the bank every Saturday with 
 only one or two exceptions. The bank was organized 
 in 1845. Its first president, Edward L. Welling, and 
 its second, James Wheeler, were Warwick men, as 
 well as the third, Mr. Burt. 
 
 The other children of Hon. James Burt were Mrs. 
 Nathaniel Jones, Mrs. Elias B. Coe, Benjamin Burt, 
 of Beilvale, ancestor of Grinnell Burt, Stephen A. 
 Burt, also of Beilvale, and Thomas M. Burt, of Kin- 
 derhook. None of these are now living. 
 
 THE SEWARD FAMILY. 
 While the town of New Windsor boasts the birth- 
 place of George and DeWitt Clinton, and Wallkill 
 that of Commodore Silas Horton Stringham, War- 
 wick holds in its embrace the cradling-bed of one 
 whose life-record has not been less marked on the 
 pages of his country's history, — the late Hon. William 
 Henry Seward. Without attempting a full genealogi- 
 cal record of Governor Seward's family, we may re- 
 mark that he was the great-grandson of Obadiah 
 Seward, an immigrant from Wales, who settled on 
 Larrington River, in Somerset Co., N. J., in the early 
 part of the last century. John, son of Obadiah, 
 was born here May 22, 1730 ; married Mary Swezy, 
 March 22, 1751, and settled in Hardyston prior to 
 1767, at which time his name first appears as a mem- 
 ber of the board of freeholders of that township, and 
 where he subsequently attained the rank of colonel of 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 571 
 
 the Second Sussex Regiment of Militia, which was < 
 frequently on duty on the frontiers during the Revo- 
 lution. He died in 1799, leaving ten children, of 
 whom 
 
 Samuel Swezy Seward — locally known as Dr. 
 Seward — was born in Hardyston, Sus.sex Co., Dec. 
 5, 1768. He married Mary Jennings, of Goshen, 
 Orange Co., in 1795, and after living for a time in 
 Vernon removed thence to Florida, where he com- 
 bined a large mercantile business with an exten- 
 sive range of professional practice for about twenty 
 years. He also served as a member of the Assembly 
 in 1804; in 1815 as one of the judges of the county 
 court, and subsequently as first judge of that court, 
 a position which he held for "seventeen years. He 
 was noted for his wealth and for his liberality ; re- 
 tired from medical practice and from mercantile life; 
 loaned money to his neighbors and others, and main- 
 tained an unsullied reputation. In 1846 he estab- 
 lished the Samuel S. Seward Institute at Florida, to 
 which he donated the grounds, erected the buildings, 
 and added an endowment of $20,000. He died in 
 1849, leaving an estate of about $350,000, of which 
 his son, William H. Seward, and friend, George W. 
 Grier, of Goshen, were the executors. His wife, 
 Mary Jennings, was of Irish parentage. She was a 
 woman of clear and vigorous understanding, and a 
 model of hospitality, charity, and self-forgetfulness. 
 She died in 1843. His children were : 1. Benjamin 
 J.; 2. Edwin P.; 3. William H. ; 4. George W. ; 
 and (5) a daughter, who married Dr. Canfield, of 
 Florida. The children of (1) Benjamin J. were Rev. 
 Augustus Seward, Clarence A. Seward, and one who 
 died in early life. The children of Edwin P. (better 
 known by his middle name (Poladore) were Mrs. 
 Dr. Jayne, Mrs. C. H. Schaiff, William E., Theodore 
 W., Jasper A., and Frederick W. 
 
 William Henry Seward, the third son of Dr. 
 Samuel Seward, was born in Florida, May 16, 1801. 
 The house in which his parents then resided is still 
 standing. After attending the district school in his 
 neighborhood he was sent, at the age of nine years, 
 to Farmers' Hall Academy, at Goshen. While here 
 he was a member of the " Classical Society" of 
 Goshen, and of the " Goshen Club," in both of which 
 declamations, debates, and compositions formed the 
 leading features. At fifteen years of age he entered 
 Union College at Schenectady, from which he with- 
 drew when three years older, and passed six months 
 as a teacher at the South. From this diversion he 
 returned to Union College in 1820, and, after taking 
 his degree, entered the office of John Anthon, Esq., 
 of New York, as a student at law. Completing his 
 legal preparation with John Duer and Ogden Hoff- 
 man, in Goshen, he was admitted to the bar of the 
 Supreme Court at Utica in 1822, and in January, 
 1823, took up his residence in Auburn, and formed a 
 connection in business with the Hon. Elijah Miller, 
 a distinguished member of the legal profession, and 
 
 at that time first judge of Cayuga County. In 1824 
 he married Frances Adeline, Judge Miller's youngest 
 daughter, and settled down to the duties of life in the 
 office, and practically as the successor of his father- 
 
 WILLIAM henry SEWARD. 
 
 in-law. His tastes and habits of thought, however, 
 soon led him into politics, and we find him, in 1828, 
 presiding at a convention having for its purpose the 
 election of John Quincy Adams as President for a 
 second term ; and the year 1830 brought him forward 
 as a prominent leader in the anti-Masonic movement. 
 From that time until his death Mr. Seward's history 
 was so intimately blended with the politics of the 
 State and nation that one can scarcely be separated 
 from the other, nor to either can justice be done in 
 the limits of a sketch of this character. The reader 
 is therefore referred to his " Life and Works." It 
 may be remarked, however, that the leading points 
 in his career were, first, his election by the people as 
 Governor of New York ; second, his election by the 
 Legislature to a seat in the United States Senate ; and, 
 third, his appointment by President Lincoln to the 
 post of Secretary of State. His services in these 
 posts absorbed twenty-five years of his life, during 
 which he exercised a direct influence over the move- 
 ment of great events. In regard to his qualities as 
 a statesman there are of course divergent opinions, 
 but that he was a central figure in politics, and a man 
 whose integrity was unquestioned, will be universally 
 conceded. He died at Auburn, Oct. 10, 1872, in the 
 seventy-second year of his age. His children were 
 Frederick A., who served as Assistant Secretary of 
 State under his father; Maj. Augustus, of the United 
 States Army (now deceased) ; William H., of Auburn ; 
 and one daughter, who died unmarried. 
 
572 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 EARLY RESIDENTS OF AVARWICK VILLAGE. 
 An excellent description of Warwick village and 
 the surrounding country, as they were occupied in 
 1805, is taken from the article already mentioned, 
 written by Henry Pelton about the year 1872. 
 
 We begin with the village of Warwick, which con- 
 sisted of only a few houses on the Main Street, and 
 these were not only few but far between. The Cas- 
 sidy family lived in a stone house near the bridge, 
 where the brick store now stands. Then there was no 
 other building until we come to where the Methodist 
 church now stands; there stood a curry-shop owned 
 by Samuel Smith, and about opposite was his dwelling, 
 an old house then, where Pitts has a meat-market at 
 the present time. Next was a new house built by 
 Benjamin Barney, where the Benedict ladies now live. 
 Next was Nathan Reed, who came in 1804 from Darien, 
 Conn. This was the stone house built by Francis 
 Baird. Next was a store kept by Edmund Raymond. 
 Next was a small house standing where John Cowdrey 
 now lives. On the opposite side, where Mrs. Pierson 
 lives, was Lewis Randolph, who kept a tavern. Next 
 was the house where June's now stands, then occupied 
 by Thomas Geraghty as a store and tavern. Next 
 was Nathaniel Ketchum, a carpenter. Next was 
 John Mabee, a blacksmith. Next was the Rev. Leb- 
 beus Lathrop, in the old stone house lately demolished 
 by Mr. Bradner. Next was William Benedict, the 
 father of William L. Benedict. Next was James 
 Benedict, Esq. Next was Capt. James Benedict, son 
 of the preceding, where John Blain now lives. Next 
 were the two Ketchum brothers, Samuel and Philip. 
 They had a little mill and a pond from the spring on 
 the west side of the road. The next house was owned 
 by Daniel Wood. The next was Crines Bertholf. 
 Next was Joseph Barrows, in the stone house, and on 
 the south, where Durland lives, was the residence of 
 Gen. Wisner. Further on towards Sugar-Loaf were 
 the Feagles families. Josiah lived back from the 
 road, west. John lived at the present place of Ezra 
 Holbert, and down at the head of the pond was James 
 D: Clark. 
 
 W^e will now come back and take the road from 
 June's Hotel towards Bellvale. The first place was 
 that of Capt. Garret Post. The next was Richard 
 Welling, Sr., near where Jacob Gaul now lives. 
 James Burt, Esq., was about ibrty rods east. 
 Now we go back and take the road around Chuck's 
 Hill. John Wood lived nearly opposite the place 
 where he afterwards died. West of him lived Richard 
 Welling, Jr., son of John Welling. Next around the 
 corner John Welling lived, who carried on a still. 
 Not far from there, on the south or east side of the 
 street, lived Aunt Milly Everett, as she was called. 
 There were no more houses until we come to that of ' 
 John Magie. Further on, around the hill, was Kin- 
 ner's house. John Palmer came the following spring. 
 Next, on the opposite side, was Blauvelt, a son-in-law 
 of House, the dwelling now being demolished. Next 
 
 was John Vandervoort. Next, on the corner of the 
 Bellvale road, lived Mr. Shaler, a weaver. 
 
 Then, going towards Bellvale, was Daniel Sayer, 
 where his son Benjamin now lives. On the opposite 
 side were the two brothers Forshee, where John L. 
 Sayer and James Benedict now live. Crines Bertholf 
 came the next spring, and one of the brothers Forshee 
 left. Next was Joel Wheeler, and further on came some 
 I tenant-houses belonging to the latter. Then over the 
 i hill, on the corner, where James C. Houston lives, was 
 John Robinson, who carried on a blacksmith-shop for 
 many years. Then, as we turned north, there lived 
 Capt. William Minthorn, son of Capt. John Minthorn 
 of Revolutionary memory. 
 
 Further north was* Nathaniel Minthorn. Then 
 there were the heirs of Calvin Bradner, deceased, and 
 also the heirs of William Wisner. Next was Andrew 
 Houston, father of Col. Wisner Houston. Now we 
 come to the main road leading from Warwick to 
 Sugar-Loaf, etc., where stood the old stone school- 
 house near Mr. Belcher's. 
 
 Returning now to the village, we will begin at the 
 lower end, and the first permanent resident was 
 Abraham Gregory, a cooper from Connecticut. Next, 
 going west on the north side of the road, where George 
 Hyatt now lives, were Zachariah Hoyt and his son, a 
 bachelor, who carried on the pottery business. Then 
 there was a man by the name of Lafarge, where 
 Andrew Geraghty now lives. Beyond Was Corne- 
 lius Demerest, grandfather of David D. and Corne- 
 lius H. Demerest, where Samuel Pelton now lives. 
 Next was Capt. George Vance and his son-in-law, 
 Thomas .Sproull. Further on, a few rods from where 
 the road intersects that which leads from Florida by 
 way of the Armstrong neighborhood, there stood a 
 stone school-house, opposite where the present school- 
 house stands, and Gilbert Wheeler lived on the present 
 William Green place; he traded the same season with 
 his brother John for the ferm that James B. Wheeler 
 now owns. 
 
 Now we come to the bridge where Isaac Halstead, 
 the miller, lived, ib front of where William Sanford 
 has since built. Beyond was John Wheeler, Esq., 
 with several buildings around him, including grist- 
 mill, saw-mill, and fulling-mill ; also he carried on 
 the business of tanning and currying. Farther down 
 the stream lived William C. Baird, who also owned 
 a mill. 
 
 Next below was Samuel Denton, Sr. Then, down 
 the hill, at the bridge there were a grist-mill, saw-mill, 
 and a fulling-mill, owned by Mr. Shoemaker. Then 
 there was no other building until you come to where 
 the north-and-south roads leading from Warwick to 
 New Milford intersect each other, and at that point 
 was the residence of David C. Demerest. In what is 
 New Milford there were at that time two or three 
 dwellings, among which was that of Cornelius Lazear, 
 Sr., an estimable man, and one of the founders of the 
 Methodist Church in that village. 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 573 
 
 And now, to return, we will take the south road 
 leading towards the village of Warwick, and the first 
 residence we find was that of Levi Ellis. Going east, 
 the next was William Johnson, who sold out the same 
 season to David Fancher, of Darien, Conn. Further 
 east, where the old saw-mill of Edward Davis now 
 stands, was the forge for making iron owned by Gen. 
 Hathorn. There was a log house standing near by 
 for the workmen to live in, and in front of this, by the 
 road, lived an aged couple by the name of Wiggins. 
 
 On the hill south from where Darius Fancher now 
 lives was Thomas Hathorn. Next was William Hol- 
 land, a weaver. Further on east we come to a cross- 
 road leading to Wheelers' mill, on which lived Capt. 
 Thomas DeKay. To follow along the main road, we 
 find Nathaniel Blain living where Henry Pelton now 
 resides. Further along was Robert Pelton, who came 
 from Darien the same year. Here is that famous 
 spring which has been known by tradition since the 
 first settlement of this part of Warwick as Curtis 
 Fountain, by usage shortened into " Curtafontine," 
 which gives name to the brook issuing from it. To 
 go on further east there was John Blain, commonly 
 known as " Uncle Johnny." Beyond were the heirs 
 of William Blain, deceased; further on there was Bel- 
 den Burt, Sr., and the next was Gen. John Hathorn. 
 North of him, on the hill, was David Wiley, where 
 James Alcock now resides, and still further north, 
 across the fields (for there was no road at that time to 
 the house that stood not far from the creek), lived 
 John Pelton, who had come from Darien, Conn., that 
 spring. 
 
 Again we start from Hatliorn's east, finding Jere- 
 miah Morehouse, and next to him Thomas Welling, 
 the second of the name. There was no other build- 
 ing from there to the bridge except the old school- 
 house that stood on the site of the one lately demol- 
 ished. The first dwelling was where James R. Christie 
 and his mother now live, then owned and occupied by 
 Dr. Elisha DuBois. Nearly opposite the present Bap- 
 tist parsonage was the residence of Dr. Benjamin S. 
 Hoyt, a son of Zachariah Hoyt mentioned above; 
 they were from Danbury, Conn. Next were John M. 
 Foght and his son-in-law, Daniel Burt, who carried 
 on a distillery. Next was Ananias Rogers, where the 
 Bradner brothers own. He sold out the same year to 
 Sylvanus Fancher, from Connecticut. On the road 
 leading west from Rogers there lived Andrew Acker- 
 man and Joseph Benedict. To start again from Rogers', 
 we find Capt. Garret Ackerman where George W. San- 
 ford now lives. Next was Conrad Sly, living on the 
 present place of his grandson, Ross Sly. Then if we 
 take the eastward road that leads to Florida we find 
 Daniel Brown living where Charles Van Duzer now 
 lives, and on the cross-road now leading over to where 
 the late Col. Houston lived. There was a man by the 
 name of Buskirk where James Ackerman lately lived. 
 
 Now if we go back and take the west road to Flor- 
 ida, the first house belonged to the heirs of Abraham 
 
 Dolsen, deceased. And now we will turn west towards 
 the Armstrong settlement, and in the first house we 
 find Wm. Johnson, a little way from the road. Next 
 was the place of Isaac Dolsen, who sold out the same 
 year to Jacob Howe, from Darien, Conn. Then there 
 was Richard Johnson, and further on Samuel John- 
 son, where John Vandevort now lives. Then over 
 the hill, farther west, was Wm. Armstrong, where the 
 late Rensselaer J. Armstrong died. 
 
 Now we turn south, and the first was John Sutton, 
 Sr., then Jefirey Wisner, and next to him Micah 
 Mills, where the late Gabriel Wisner lived. The 
 road from Florida to Edenville was not laid out at 
 that time, and consequently these inhabitants were 
 put to a great inconvenience in getting to the village. 
 Going on, we find a man by the name of George Bra- 
 mer living as a tenant where James B. Wheeler now 
 owns. This brings us to the main road leading from 
 Warwick north of the creek to New Milford, which 
 we have already traced. 
 
 The school districts, as arranged July 3, 181.3, throw 
 considerable light on the localities as described nearly 
 seventy years ago, and the families then residing in 
 the town. 
 
 No. 1, Pochuck District. All that part of the town 
 the west side of Pochuck Creek, including Pine Island 
 and Merritt's Island. 
 
 No. 2, Amity District. Beginning at the house of 
 David Post; thence to Isaac Pound's, including Solo- 
 mon Carpenter; thence to and including Robert Far- 
 rier, Esq. ; thence including Joseph Willcox, George 
 Jones, Samuel and Andrew Layton, to Pochuck 
 Bridge ; thence including William Taylor and An- 
 drew Thompson, to the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 3, Mount Eve District. Beginning at the 
 house occupied by Joseph Davis ; then on to Daniel 
 Crawl, including all that part of the town on the 
 west side of Mount Eve ; thence to and including 
 Moses Dolen ; thence, and including John Shultz, 
 to the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 4, Union School-House. Beginning at and 
 including Abram Gurnee ; thence, including William 
 Decker, Nathaniel Wheeler, to and including Samuel 
 Parkhurst ; thence, including Thomas Brown and 
 John Miller, to the nine-mile stone between Timothy 
 Roe and John Finch ; thence, including all north of 
 Isaac Ellison's, to the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 5, Brookland District. Beginning at the nine- 
 mile stone between the house of John Finch and 
 Timothy Roe ; thence to and including the house of 
 Samuel Jessup, now in possession of Mr. Gathright ; 
 thence to and including the house of Samuel John- 
 son ; thence to the cross-road north of the Widow 
 Mills' ; thence to the line of the lands of Jacobus Post, 
 deceased, including all on that road ; thence to the ten- 
 mile stone near Jacob House's ; thence, including 
 Jacob House and Timothy Roe, to the place of be- 
 ginning. 
 
 No. 6, Purling Brook. Beginning at and including 
 
574 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 the distillery of Robert Ferriii ; thence including 
 John Post; thence to the house of Cornelius Jones, 
 including Andrew Shorter, the widow of James Sly, 
 Abraham I. Lines ; thence to and including the 
 house of Daniel C. Dusenbury ; thence to and in- 
 cluding the house of Isaac Allison ; thence to and in- 
 cluding John Sayre, including all on that road except 
 Moses Dolan ; from thence to tlie place of beginning. 
 
 No. 7, Long Swamp. Beginning at and including 
 Samuel Luckey ; thence including William Winfleld ; 
 thence along the Jersey line to and including the 
 house of Thomas DeKay (2d), near John McWhorter's; 
 thence including the farm formerly of Peter Edsall ; 
 thence including Jacobus Ouderdonk and Jesse Jen- 
 nings ; thence including George H. Jackson ; thence 
 to the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 8, the school near David Demerest. Begin- 
 ning at Samuel McCamley's, to and including Eben- 
 ezer McCamley, Pierson's, Cornelius Jones, Jr.; to 
 and including William Baird ; thence to and includ- 
 ing Thomas and Samuel DeKay ; thence to and in- 
 cluding William Holland and Thomas Hathorn ; 
 thence to and including Stephen Horton ; thence 
 along the Jersey line, including David McCamley, to 
 the place of beginnihg. 
 
 No. 9, school near Hiram Rebelee's. Beginning at 
 and including Justus Ouderdonk, Robert Peter.son, 
 and William H. Campbell ; thence to the Jersey line, 
 including Thomas and Joseph Sandford ; thence along 
 said Jersey line, including Peter Ackerson ; thence in- 
 cluding the house on Belden Burt's mountain farm ; 
 thence to the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 10, school near Isaac Clark's. Beginning at 
 Round Mountain, including Joseph Gannon and the 
 Decker families, adjoining to the Jersey line ; thence 
 including Benedict's and Smith ; thence including 
 Samuel Drew, Robert Lockwood and son, Solomon 
 Smith, John Hall, James Howell, Richard and Abram 
 Quackenbush, Jr. ; thence, including Isaac Clark, 
 Abram Quackenbush, and Ezra Sandford, to the place 
 of beginning. 
 
 No. 11, Mount Pleasant. Beginning at and in- 
 cluding Nathaniel Blain and Robert Pelton ; thence 
 to and including John Russton, to and including 
 James Ackerson, Abram Cole, John Myer, John 
 Palmer, Samuel Ketchara, John Vandevoort; thence 
 to and including Cornelius Forshe ; thence to War- 
 wick Creek, near Benjamin Barney's ; thence, in- 
 cluding John Pelton, to the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 12, Warwick Village School. Beginning and 
 including Joseph Benedict and Sylvanus Fancher; 
 ihence to and including Richard Welling; thence, 
 including on the north side of Warwick Creek, to 
 and including John and James AVheeler ; thence to 
 and including the Widow Mills ; thence to the place 
 of beginning. 
 
 No. 13, Long Ridge School near James Dolsen. 
 Beginning at Richard Johnson's, including Jacob 
 How and William Johnson, to James Dolsen's; 
 
 thence to and including Cornelius Eckerson ; thence 
 including John Ackeruian ; thence including Joseph 
 Minthorn ; thence to and including George Ramson, 
 to the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 14, Rock Hill School, near Francis Armstrong's. 
 Beginning at and including John Sayres ; thence, in- 
 cluding Widow Jackson, to and including David 
 Lawrence ; thence to and including Daniel Tomp- 
 kins ; thence to and including Jacob Mabee, Phineas 
 Clark, Eli Clark, Peter Dolsen ; thence to and in- 
 cluding David Hartsen, to the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 15, Washington Academy School. Beginning 
 at and including Nathaniel Wheeler; thence to and 
 including John M. Ridsell ; thence to and including 
 Enoch Jackson ; thence to and including James 
 Wood ; thence to the line of Goshen at Judge 
 Thompson's mill ; then along said town-line to the 
 Hemp meadows, west of Phineas Tompkins ; thence to 
 the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 1(5, the school-house near Nicholas Demerest'.s. 
 Beginning at and including John Knap; thence 
 and including Jonah Feagles, John Feagles, Crinas 
 Lareau, James Helme.s, William Raynor, Winson 
 Wood, Benjamin Sayre, Isaac Road, William Drake, 
 Benjamin Vail, William Knap, David Miller; from 
 thence to the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 17, the stone school-house near Crinas Ber- 
 tholfs. Beginningatand including Colvin Bradner's ; 
 thence up Warwick Creek, including Jedediah Sayer 
 and Abraham Peck ; thence to the Pond, including 
 James D. Clark and Harmon D. Clark ; thence to and 
 including Joseph Burroughs ; thence including David 
 Bigger, Reuben Dunn, Henry Wisner, Gilbert How- 
 ell ; thence including Springstead, Andrew Houston, 
 and James Benedict, Jr. ; thence to the place of be- 
 ginning. 
 
 No. 18. Beginning at and including Joel Wheeler; 
 from thence to and including Nathaniel Minthorn ; 
 thence to and including Joseph Dowers ; thence to 
 Peter Complin's, including Peter Depew ; thence to 
 and including John Ward and Abijah Peck ; thence 
 to the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 19, Centre School-House. Beginning at and 
 including Robert Littel's ; thence to and including 
 David Trickey ; thence to and including David Ste- 
 vens ; thence to the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 20, Long Pond School. Beginning at the 
 Chester road, including John and James Fitzgerald ; 
 thence along the road to Stephen Bertholfs ; thence 
 including the house on the rise of Stirling Mountain; 
 
 thence to and including Radner Jennings and 
 
 Teachman; thence along the Jersey line to Warwick 
 Mountain ; thence [along] said mountain, including 
 the valley, to the place of beginning. 
 
 No. 21, Stirling Anchory. Containing all the in- 
 habitants of the town of Warwick southerly of Long 
 Pond District. 
 
 No. 22, the neighborhood in Sugar-Loaf village, 
 adjoining Goshen town. Containing the following 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 575 
 
 families, viz. : Thomas Weeden, Isaac Wood, Jesse 
 Wood, Jr., David Howell, to the Widow Tidd. 
 
 No. 23, the neighborhood in Sugar-Loaf Valley 
 near to Bull's Mills, including the following families: 
 Stephen H. Bull, Richard Bull, Runyan Compton, 
 Francis Compton, John King, and the widow of Peter 
 King. 
 
 No. 24. Beginning at the Jersey line where the 
 Pochuck Creek crosses the same; thence down the 
 said creek to Pochuck Bridge, including the widow 
 of Charles Knapp, deceased; thence to the Widow 
 Randolph's; thence to the Jersey line, including on 
 the easterly side of Pochuck Mountain. 
 
 A trial for murder took place in Warwick in 1818, 
 which attracted 30 much public attention that it can 
 hardly be omitted in a notice of the town. Richard 
 Jennings, of the town of Goshen, was missing from 
 his house on the 21st of February, 1818, and on the 
 2Sth was found on his farm dead. He appeared to 
 have been shot, and then dreadfully beaten with the 
 musket. It seemed that he had some litigation with 
 his neighbor, David Conk ling, who formed a con- 
 spiracy, and employed a negro, Jack Hodges, for a 
 reward of $.500, to take the life of Jennings. After 
 Jack perpetrated the act he absconded, but was taken, 
 and, with Conkling, Teed, and Dunning, committed to 
 prison. They were tried, condemned, and executed, 
 the latter event occurring at Goshen on the Kith 
 April, 1819. 
 
 The following were early taverns, as shown by 
 the record of excise moneys : In 1790 two pounds 
 each w'ere received as excise money from Cornelius 
 Lazear; this was undoubtedly at what is now New 
 Milford; Wm. Holley, probably in Sugar-Loaf neigh- 
 borhood ; Isaac Thompson ; John Kennedy, his tav- 
 ern was at Florida; John Smith (three pounds), he 
 kept a hotel at Warwick village, the present Pierson 
 place ; Israel Horton ; Thomas Goldsmith ; Ezra San- 
 ford lived on the mountain, he was the father of 
 the present Ezra Sanford; Nathan Wheeler; John 
 Hathorn, his tavern was on the well-known Hathorn 
 place, east of the Belden Burt farm. It will not be 
 inferred, however, that Gen. Hathorn, the owner, 
 pursued hotel-keeping for a livelihood. 
 
 Other names appear in 1791 : Peter Van Houten, 
 probably at Edenville; Stephen Bertholf, kept tavern 
 in the Greenwood Lake valley ; Morris Thompson. 
 
 In 1792 new names ap])ear, as those of Stephen 
 Rogers, he kept in the old Kennedy tavern at Florida ; 
 Thomas McAVhorter, this was undoubtedly near Sugar- 
 Loaf ; Daniel Burt, this was the old house now stand- 
 ing opposite the place of John L. Servin, the present 
 Wawayanda House ; Jacobus Post, this was at Eden- 
 ville, formerly known as Postville; Gilbert Wheeler, 
 this was probably near the present homestead of Ezra 
 Sanford; William Helms, the Helms family have 
 been in the vicinity of Sugar-Loaf for many years. 
 This was probably on the borders of Monroe. 
 
 In 1793, John Baird, this was the stone house now 
 
 occupied by W. E. Sayer; Joseph Houston, this was 
 between Amity and Edenville ; Abram Lazear, he 
 was probably the successor of Cornelius Lazear at 
 New Milford ; Timothy Dunning; John Cassidy, this 
 was on the ground of the present Van Duzer building. 
 
 In 1794, Abram Dolsen. He lived on the ridge 
 where Capt. J. D. Miller now lives. 
 
 An early settler of Bellvale was Jonathan Wilki- 
 son, Sr., from Rahway, N. J. His children were 
 Sally, who died young; Edward, who died young; 
 Samuel, who died at sea of yellow fever ; Mrs. Robert 
 Osborn, of Wallkill ; Mrs. John Winfield, Wisconsin ; 
 Mrs. Peter Redner, Peekskill ; Richard ; Jonathan, 
 who died Feb. 9, 1872, aged eighty-nine (see Wall- 
 kill) ; and Mrs. John Douglass, afterwards Mrs. Buck, 
 of Western New York. .Tonathan, Jr., .settled in 
 Wallkill. His homestead was the present James 
 Purdy farm, near Mount Johnson. A son of Jona- 
 than, Jr., Hiram S. Wilkison, resides at Circleville. 
 
 Early physicians were as follows : Doctor Elmer is 
 mentioned in one of the assessment-rolls given, and 
 his residence has been given above. He was in practice 
 during the Revolutionary war. (See General History.) 
 At Warwick village Dr. DuBois was a physician of 
 prominence for twenty or thirty years in the early 
 part of this century. He lived where the Widow 
 Christie now lives. Contemporary with Dr. DuBois, 
 but dying earlier than he, was Dr. Hoyt, who lived 
 where the present parsonage of the (Jld-School Bap- 
 tist Church stands. During a portion of the same 
 period Dr. James Heron was in practice for several 
 years at Warwick village. He was quite distinguished 
 in his profession, and as a member of the County 
 Medical Society. He was a writer of medical papers, 
 and some of his treatises are said to be of valuable 
 authority at the present time. Dr. Seward, of 
 Florida, was in practice for some years. 
 
 IV.-OHGANIZATION. 
 
 In its first civil organization the town was a part 
 of the old precinct of Goshen. What now constitutes 
 Warwick remained as a part of Goshen Precinct down 
 to the Revolution, and subsequently until the passage 
 of the general act of March 7, 1788. The old precinct 
 of Goshen had been divided into Cornwall and Goshen 
 in 1764, but Warwick was still included in Goshen. 
 Under the act of 1788 it became a town, and the first 
 town-meeting was held on the first Tuesday of April, 
 1789, of which the following record was made: 
 
 " At a meeting of the inhabitants of tlie town of Warwick, heUi in 
 the town of Warwick this firet Tuesday in April, 17S9, the following 
 persona were elected and chosen for the ensuing year: 
 
 " John Smith, town clerk ; John Wheeler, Ksq., supervisor; Capt. James 
 Post, Western District, Maj. Peter Bartholf, Middle District, Capt. Henry 
 Bartholf, Eastern District, assessors ; Maj. Jacobus Post, Western Dis- 
 trict, Nathaniel Miiithorn, Middle District, John Wood, Eastern District, 
 commissioners of roads; Zelmlon Wheeler, James Benedict, overseers of 
 the pour; David McCamly, Western District, James Benedict, Middle 
 District, David Miller, Eastern District, collectors; John Blain, Jr.» 
 David Miller, Eliaa Taylor, David Fulton, constables. 
 
576 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 "Road-Masters; John Kanaday, Timothy Clark, John Benedict, Cft£t. 
 G eorge Van ce, %Vm. Armstrong, Esq., Anthony Finn, Capt. Jackson, 
 n^'. Jacobus Post, Joseph Wilson, Thomas Blain, Abraham Lazair, John 
 Smith, Garret Post, Pliilip Burroughs, Calvin Bradner, Capt. Bertholf, 
 James Hannah, John Armstrong. James Miller, David Miller, Timothy 
 Beers, Jacob Gable, Henry Townsend, Abel Noble, Philip Ketcheui, 
 Moses Carpenter, David Lobdell, Caleb Smith, Caleb Taylor, Robert Lud- 
 low, Jacobus Chase, David Nanuy, Ezra Sanford, Israel Owens, Abraham 
 Dolsen, Richard Johnson, John Sutton, Nathaniel Bailey. 
 
 " Arch. Armstrong and Esq. Shepherd, West District, Maj. P. Bartholf 
 and James Benedict, Middle District. James Miller and Philip Bur- 
 roughs, East District, fence-viewers. 
 
 " Each road-master to be pound-master; the pound to be put up at the 
 expense of the district. 
 
 '*i?csoZred, That there is £100 to be raised for the benefit of the poor, 
 and £20 for contiugent expenses." 
 
 (JENERAL NOTES FROM THE EECORDS. 
 
 At the second town-meeting, the first Tuesday of 
 April, 1790, Colvil Shepard, John Kennedy, Richard 
 Welling, and Israel Holton were appointed pound- 
 masters, and it was voted to erect pounds " as near to 
 the houses of said pound-masters as jiossible for the 
 convenience of water." 
 
 The report of the overseers of the poor for the year 
 1789 shows money paid to the following persons for 
 the care of the poor: Anthony Fisher, Wm. Mi^Clure, 
 Elizabeth Wright, George Luckey, Elias Taylor, John 
 Shultz, " for the funeral expenses of Josiah Wigens ;" 
 Cornelius Jones, John Sanford, Wm. Gannon. 
 
 Overseer Wheeler's services five and one-half days, 
 one pound thirteen shillings. 
 
 As an item of the times when slavery existed in 
 the State of New York we find the following certifi- 
 cate: 
 
 "This certifies that we, James Benedict and Daniel Jessup, overseers 
 of the poor of the town of Warwick, in the county of Orange, and State 
 of New York, by the consent of Nathaniel Roe and John ^Vheeler, two 
 of the justices of the peace of the said county and State aforesaid, on ap- 
 plication to us made by Margaret Vance, of the said town of Warwick, 
 respecting her intention of ma n umitting ^ ^ert ain femj i|£»^ai:£. named 
 Hap, twenty-nine years of age last July, which female slave the said 
 Margaret Vance purchased of John Wheeler and James Benedict, execu- 
 tors of the last will and testament of Samuel Vance, late of the town of 
 Warwick, deceased; pursuant to the powers" and authority to us given 
 by the law of this State in that case made and provided; and having 
 examined the said slave Hap, she appears to be under fifty ye^rs of age 
 and of sufficient ability to provide for herself Given under our hands 
 this tenth day of September, in the year one thousand seven hundred 
 and ninety-four. " James Benedict, 
 
 " David Jessup, Overseers. 
 " Allowed by us, Nathaniel Roe, John Wheeler, Justicee. Registered 
 
 16th October, 1 794." 
 
 The " Three Districts" were of considerable and 
 distinct importance in early times. The assessors, 
 commissioners, and collectors were chosen with refer- 
 ence to tho.se local divisions. In 1797 they were ar- 
 ranged as follows : 
 
 Assessors: Eastern District, David Miller; Middle 
 District, James Burt ; Western District, Wm. Carr. 
 
 Commissioners: Eastern District, Garret Post ; Mid- 
 dle District, Daniel Jessup ; Western District, John 
 Blain. 
 
 Collectors : Eastern District, Gilbert McWhorter ; 
 Middle District, Ananias Rogers ; Western District, 
 John Sutton. 
 
 The supervisors' apportionment of school moneys 
 for 1797 is recorded in the Warwick book : 
 
 Cornwall £140 13g. 
 
 Goshen 82 10 
 
 Warwick 101 9 
 
 Minisink 76 14 
 
 At the town-meeting of 1802, Joel Wheeler, Samuel 
 S. Seward, and Wm. Townson were appointed delegates 
 to meet with delegates from the different towns (in 
 Goshen), in order to nominate suitable persons to rep- 
 resent this county in the Congress of the United 
 States. 
 
 At the town-meeting.of 1808 it was — 
 
 "Votetl, For the erection of a pair of stocks and a good pound ®30; 
 that John M. Foght have a piece of land from Isaac Dolsen to build the 
 pound upon, and superintend the erection of the same as soon as possible ; 
 tliat Isaac Dolsen be pound-master; that the stocks be set in the most 
 public place in the town, under the direction of the above-named John 
 M. Foght." 
 
 The beauties of old-fashioned State currency are 
 shown by the following memorandum of the highway 
 commissioners in 1809: 
 
 " N.B. — One ten-dollar bill has been returned to the town clerk which 
 he received from the collector, and paid out on our order to Daniel Burt, 
 for building the bridge near Hathorn's mills, for which some recompense 
 ought to he made by the town." 
 
 By the subsequent action of the town the amount 
 was refunded to the town clerk. 
 
 March 28, 1815, the highway commissioners in their 
 report say they " have engaged to pay $lo0 to build 
 a bridge across the Warwick Creek, near Francis 
 Price, which we expect will be completed this sea- 
 son ; and there is a bridge in Florida that will take 
 rising of one hundred dollars, and it is our opinion 
 that two hundred dollars ought to be raised for the 
 support of other bridges, as many of them are very 
 shackling." 
 
 The following have been the principal town officers 
 from 1789 to 1880 : 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1789-91 John Wheeler. John Smith. 
 
 1792-93 " " Francis Baird. 
 
 1794-96 Jacobus Post, Jr. " " 
 
 1797 Robert -Armstrong. '* " 
 
 1798-1800 Jacobus Post. " " 
 
 1801-3 James Burt. John Morris Foght* 
 
 1804 John Hathorn. . " " 
 
 1803-6 John Wheeler. " " 
 
 1807-9 Jacobus Post. " " 
 
 1810 William Finn. " " 
 
 1811 James Burt. " " 
 
 1812-13 Jeffrey Wisner. " " 
 
 1814-15 Jesse Wood, Jr. " 
 
 1816 James Wheeler. Benjamin Barney. 
 
 1817-18 Jesse Wood, Jr. " " 
 
 1819-20 Jeffrey Wisner. " " 
 
 1821-22 " " Nathaniel Jones. 
 
 1823 " " Foght Burt. 
 
 1824-26 Jesse Wood, Jr. Nathaniel Jones. 
 
 1827 " " James Heron. 
 
 1828 James B. Post. " " 
 
 1S29-30 Edward L. Welling. 
 
 1831 John W. Smith. " " 
 
 1832 " " John Cranse. 
 
 1833 " ** Joseph Roe. 
 
 1834-37 " " James Heron. 
 
 1838 " " William L. Benedict. 
 
 1839 David Irwin. " " 
 
 1840-41 James B. Wheeler. " " 
 
 1842 
 
 1843 Edward L. Welling. John Cowdrey. 
 
 1844 James B. Wheeler. " " 
 
 1845 James Burt, Jr. *' " 
 
 1846 James B. Wheeler. " " 
 
 * In later years Toght. 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 577 
 
 Supervisore. Town Clerks. 
 
 1847 John Cowdrey. Wm. H. Demarest. 
 
 1848 "William V. N. Armstrong. *' •' 
 
 1849 " " " Henr.v B. Stephens. 
 
 1850 John C«wdrey. Wni *H. Demarest. 
 
 1851-52 Wm. II. Houston. Charles G. Winfield. 
 
 185:! Henry C. Seeley. Reuben F. Randolph. 
 
 1864-56 John L. Welling. John E. Conklin. 
 
 1857-62 Daniel Saver. " 
 
 18M William Sly. James H. Van Duzer. 
 
 1864-66 William H. Houston. John E. Conklin. 
 
 1866-68 Albert D. Hyuard. 
 
 1869 John Burt. Wm. 0. Maybee. 
 
 1870 " " Thomas Blood. 
 
 1671 Theodore H. Cooper. James E. Dill. 
 
 1872 " " ,Iohn Sayer. 
 
 187S-74 " " George W. Pitti. 
 
 1875 James E. Waterbury. John E. Conklin. 
 
 187&-80 George W. Pitts. , " " 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 1830, James Wood; 1831, Edward L. Welling; 1832, Jesse Wood, Jr.; 
 1833, Henry W. Houston ; 1834, John Curtis ; 1835, Edward h. Wel- 
 ling; 183G, Joseph Curry; 1837, Henry W. Houston; 1838, Joseph 
 Boe, James M. Smith; 1830, John Sly; 1840, Josepli B, Howell; 
 1841, Thomas S. Nanny; 1842, Alsop V. Aspell; 1843, Joseph Roe; 
 1844, Joseph B. Howell; IMS, Samuel Wilson; 1846, Alsop V. As- 
 pell; 1847 (no choice); 1848, John R. Wilson, James Burt, Jr.; 
 1849, Milton Barnes; 1850, Zubulon W. Smith; 1851, William H. 
 Hoyt; 18.52, Daniel Sayer; 1853, Milton Barnes; 1854, William V. 
 Dusinbury; 1855, William H. Hoyt, Wm. L. Vail; 1856, Daniel 
 Sayer ; 1857, James E. Waterbury ; 1858, Wm. L. Vail ; 1859, William 
 H. Hoyt; 1860, Augustus J. Burt; 1861, James E. Waterbury; 1862, 
 Wm. D. Irwin; 1863, Oscar Rosecrans; 1864, Townsend Wright; 
 1865, James E. Waterbury, James Burt; 1866, Wm. D. Irwin ; 1867, 
 Oscar Rosecrans ; 1808, James Hall ; 1869, James E. Waterbury ; 1870, 
 Samuel J. Stewart; 1871, Oscar Rosecrans; 1872, James Hall ; 1873, 
 James E. Waterbury; 1874, Joshua C. Wilson; 1875, Oscar Rose- 
 crans; 1876, James Hall; 1877, John S. Lines; 187S, John V. D. 
 Benedict; 1879, Oscar Rosecrans; 1880, James Hall. 
 
 V.-VILLAGES, NEIGHBORHOODS. 
 WARWICK 
 is the largest village in the town, and the locality 
 was known by that name in 1719, as already shown. 
 The Warwick Creek flows along its eastern suburbs, 
 crossing the road just south of the village. The 
 place is the centre of a rich agricultural region, and 
 is about eleven miles from Goshen, the county-seat. 
 There are many elegant residences in the village, and 
 many farm-dwellings near by of ample dimensions. 
 The Warwick Valley Railroad connects the place 
 with Graycourt on the Erie main line. Connection 
 has also been made with New Jersey railroads by 
 extending the Warwick line southward, the extension 
 being opened for business in December, 1879. 
 
 The land on which the greater portion of Warwick 
 village is situated was bought of Benjamin Aske, 
 about 1746, by Col. Beardsley, who evidently laid 
 out the village. He built a grist-mill near where the 
 main pipe of the modern water-works crosses the 
 stream, the site of the old mill-dam being plainly 
 visible. The village was not settled until about 1764. 
 Two dwellings erected at that time are still standing. 
 One erected by Daniel Burt, known as the "shingle 
 house," and the other, called during the Revolution 
 " the stone tavern," was erected by Francis Baird, and 
 now occupied by W. E. Sayer. During the Revolu- 
 tion, while New York was in the possession of the 
 British, communication between the Hudson and 
 Delaware was kept up through this town. 
 
 INCORPORATION. 
 
 The village was incorporated by an act of the Legis- 
 lature passed April 15, 1867. The notice for the first 
 meeting was issued under date of April 16, signed by 
 William D. Irwin, John Cowdrey, Grinnell Burt, 
 William C. Eager, Seward Cox, Charles Demerest. 
 The meeting was held at the National Hall May 7th, 
 and the inspectors who presided were Samuel J. Van 
 Saun, .Tohn E. Conklin, Thomas Y. Travis. For 
 the office of president there was a tie vote. Trustees 
 chosen for two years were William D. Irwin and 
 Samuel C. Welling ; for one year, Samuel J. Van 
 Saun, Robert Dill ; Assessors, William O. Terry, S. 
 Ogden, E. B. Taylor; Treasurer, G. S. Holbert; Col- 
 lector, William H. June; Clerk, John E. Conklin. 
 
 At the first meeting of the board Samuel J. Van 
 Saun was chosen jiresident pro /em., and a new elec- 
 tion to fill the office ordered for Tuesday, June 4, 
 1867. John E. Conklin resigned the office of clerk, 
 and A. D. Hynard was appointed to fill the vacancy. 
 
 At the special election John L. Welling was chosen 
 president. 
 
 Aug. 5, 1867, a resolution was passed prescribing 
 the names of the streets in the village. 
 
 The board of trustees from 1867 to 1880 has been 
 as follows: 
 
 1867.— John L. Welling, president; William D. Irwin, Samuel C. Wel- 
 ling, Samuel J. Van Saun, Robert Dill. A. D. Hynard, clerk; G. S. 
 
 Holbert, treasurer. 
 1868. — Thomas S. Vaudevoort, president ; Samuel S. Van Saun, Robert 
 
 Dill, Wm. D. Irwin, Samuel C. Welling. A. D. Hynard, clerk; 
 
 G. S. Holbert, treasurer. 
 1869.— John Cowdrey, president ; Wm. U. Chardevoyne, Isaac Taylor, 
 
 Samuel J. Van Saun, Robert Dill. John L. Servin, clerk ; Mahlon 
 
 Cooper, treasurer. 
 1870. — Wm. L. Ogden, president; Edward Howe, Cornelius T. Lazear, 
 
 Wm. H. Chardevoyne, Isaac Taylor. John V. D. Benedict, clerk ; 
 
 Mahlon Cooper, treasurer. 
 1871. — John G. Knapp, president ; Nathaniel R. Bradner, Robert Dill, 
 
 Edward Howe, Cornelius T. Lazear. John V. D. Benedict, clerk ; 
 
 Mahlon Cooper, treasurer. 
 1872. — John Cowdrey, president; Edward Howe, John Ackerman, Na- 
 thaniel R. Bradner, Robert Dill. J. V. D. Benedict, clerk ; Mahlon 
 
 Cooper, treasurer. 
 1873. — John Cowdrey, president; John L. Servin, Cornelius T. Lazear, 
 
 Edward Howe, John Ackerman. J. V. D. Benedict, clerk ; Mahlon 
 
 Cooper, treasurer. 
 1874. — Wm. L. Ogden, president; Wm. F. Quackenbush, John Sayer, 
 
 John L. Servin, Cornelius T. Lazear. J. V. D. Benedict, clerk ; G. 
 
 W. Pitts, treasurer, 
 1875. — John Cowdrey, president ; John L. Servin, Peter S. Post, Wm. F. 
 
 Quackenbush, John Sayer. John J. Beattie, clerk ; George W. Pitts, 
 
 treasurer. 
 1876. — Charles R. Cline, president; James N. Peck, Wm. F. tjuacken- 
 
 busli, John L. Servin, Peter S. Post. John V. D. Benedict, clerk ; 
 
 James H. Van Duzer, treasurer. 
 1877. — Charles R. Cline, president; E. M. Bradner, .Tacob Quackenbush, 
 
 Cornelius T. Lazear, James N. Peck. Samuel S. Van Saun, clerk; 
 
 James H. Van Duzer, treasurer. 
 1878.— Charles R. Cline, president; Peter S. Post, John A. Dator, E. M. 
 
 Bradner, Jacob Quackenbush. Samuel S. Van Saun, clerk ; James 
 
 H. Van Duzer, treasurer. 
 1879. — John Cowdrey, president; E. M. Bradner, John Carson, Peter S. 
 
 Post, John A. Dator. Samuel S. Van Saun, clerk ; Edward Gritfiu, 
 
 treasurer. 
 1880. — John Cowdrey, president; Peter S. Post, John A. Dator, E. M, 
 
 Bradner, John Carson. Samuel S. Van Saun, clerk ; Mahlon Cooper, 
 
 treasurer. 
 
578 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 The other officers for 1880-81, chosen and appointed, 
 are as follows: John E. Conklin, collector; Benjamin 
 F. Vail, water commissioner ; Nathaniel R. Bradner, 
 assessor; Peter Hofl'man, police constable; Norman 
 L. Dill, street commissioner. 
 
 A police justice was first elected at the charter 
 election of 1872, and N. Roe Bradner was chosen to 
 that office. Mr. Bradner was re-elected in 1874. In 
 1876, John Mabee was chosen police justice, but did 
 not qualify, and John J. Beattie was appointed in his 
 place, Sept. 4, 1876. At the election of 1877, John 
 L. Servin was chosen, and served one term. At the 
 election of 1879 the present officer, Joshua C. Wil- 
 son, was elected. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 Excelsior Fire Engine Company, No. 1, was organ- 
 ized in September, 1869, with about 60 members. 
 For various reasons it was deemed best to change the 
 organization somewhat, as well as the name, and in 
 1871, November 7th, the company dissolved and im- 
 mediately reorganized as the Warwick Hose Company. 
 The list of officers from the first organization to the 
 present time comprises the following : 
 
 1869. — John G. Knapp, foreman; W. H. Knapp, first assistant; Lewis 
 
 Fritz, second assistant ; J. H. McEIroy, secretary ; J. H. Van Duzer, 
 
 treasurer. 
 1870. — John G. Knapp, foreman ; C. B. Vandevort, first assistant ; J. H. 
 
 Holly, second assistant; E. A. Ryan, secretary; J. H. Van Dnzer, 
 
 treasurer. 
 1871. — Jolin G. Knapp, foreman; J. H. Holly, first assistant; R. J. 
 
 Rutan, second assistant; C. E. Tolhnrst, secretary; J. H. Van Duzer, 
 
 treasurer. 
 1872. — Peter S. Post, foreman ; A. McEwen, first assistant ; C. Kirk, 
 
 second assistant ; S. S. Van Saun, secretary ; J. H. Van Duzer, 
 
 treasurer. 
 1873. — J. M. Morehouse, foreman; John HcWillianis, first assistant; 
 
 S. Case, second assistant ; S. S. Van Saun, secretary ; J. H. Van Duzer, 
 
 treasurer. 
 1874. — J. M. Morehouse, foreman; J. Quackenbush, first assistant; S. 
 
 Case, second assistant ; Ira S. Smith, secretary ; B. F. Vail, treasurer. 
 1875. — J. M. Morehouse, foreman ; J. t^uackenbush, first assistant; H. 
 
 McElroy, second assistant; Ira S. Smith, secretary; B. F. Vail, 
 
 treasurer. 
 1876. — S. S. Van Saun, foreman ; H. McElroy, first assistant ; N. L. 
 
 Dill, second assistant; Ira S, Smith, secretary; John Mc Williams, 
 
 treasurer. 
 1877.— S. S. Van Saun, foreman ; N. L. Dill, first assistant; Ira S. Smith, 
 
 second assistant ; B. F. Vail, secretary ; W. C. Xazear, treasurer. 
 1878. — S. S. Van Saun, chief engineer; Norman L. Dill, foreman ; Ira S. 
 
 Smith, first assistant; L. L. Hyatt, Jr., second assistant; J. D. Ma- 
 bee, secretarj' ; John Carson, treasurer. 
 
 Present officers, 1879-80 : S. S. Van Saun, chief 
 engineer; Norman L. Dill, foreman; J. D. Mabee, 
 first assistant ; Henry Nagle, second assistant ; Sey- 
 mour H. Wells, secretary ; Ira S. Smith, treasurer. 
 
 The company numbers now 38 active members. It 
 is in excellent condition, and in respect to equipment, 
 perfection of drill, uniform, and general efficiency, 
 has few or no superiors in villages of this size, while 
 it compares favorably with the companies of larger 
 places. Appropriations are made by the village trus- 
 tees for the support of this company, but it has, through 
 its own exertions, a large amount of furniture and 
 fixtures, and a pleasant and convenient suite of rooms. 
 
 WATER-WORKS. 
 The village has an excellent system of water-works. 
 The supply is from an artificial pond of sufficient ele- 
 vation to be carried into the highest building in the 
 village, and the pressure is sufficient to enable the Fire 
 Department to operate by simply attaching the hose 
 to the hydrants. The water-works are known by the 
 name of the old Indian settlement, Mistucky,* as the 
 water-supply is obtained from the head-waters of a 
 small stream called by that name and emptying into 
 the Warwick Creek at the village. The expense was 
 $25,000, and it was arranged to be paid by install- 
 ments of $1000 a year, making the burden light. 
 
 POST-OFFICE. 
 This is a very early office, dating back undoubtedly 
 to the early mail arrangements following tlie Revolu- 
 tion and the establishment of the national govern- 
 ment. Early in this century Dr. Hoyt was postmas- 
 ter for many years. He is understood to have been 
 succeeded by Nathaniel Jones, for a considerable 
 time prior to 1835 or 1836, when Milton McEwen was 
 appointed, who held the office almost consecutively 
 to 1861. The exception was that during the Taylor- 
 Fillmore administration. Mr. Joseph Roe was ap- 
 pointed, and continued in office for two or three years, 
 when Mr. JIcEwen was reappointed. In August, 
 1861, Thomas C. McEwen received the appointment, 
 and retained the office until July 1, 1874, when the 
 present incumbent, W. H. Pelton, was appointed. 
 
 FLORIDA 
 is a pleasant village of considerable antiquity, and 
 withal distinguished for the public men of national 
 prominence who have originated at that place and its 
 immediate vicinity. A former writer gives the fol- 
 lowing solution of the name : " The name is from 
 the Latin Floridus, covered or red with flowers ; 
 Florida ^tas, the flower of age. This is a pretty 
 name, and a spot covered with flowers is a beautifiil 
 object to look upon." It is further related on the 
 same authority that the place was duly named before 
 the Revolution, and at a formal meeting held for that 
 purpose, accompanied by a public dinner or festival. 
 Judge William Thompson, of Goshen, was a young 
 man at the time and present, and lived down the 
 years to furnish an account to the writer referred to. 
 Provisions in ample quantity are said to have been 
 brought from Newburgh, and with proper hilarity 
 these grave ante-Revolutionary fathers christened the 
 young village Florida, and drank to the name in 
 flowing bumpers. We may add that the district was 
 called Brookland at an early day. (See history of 
 Congregational Church.) 
 
 The post-office at this place was established some 
 years prior to 1830. Samuel S. Seward was the first 
 postmaster, and served to 1835. The succeeding officers 
 
 * The true orthography is Miskotucky, a compound word, signifying 
 
 red hills or plains. 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 579 
 
 have been Nathaniel Jennings, 1835 to 1842; James 
 Wood, 1842 to 1845 ; Win. V. N. Armstrong, 1845 to 
 1850; Wm. L. Vail, 1850 to 1854; Thomas J. Cur- 
 tice, 1854 to 185C ; Richard Jennings, 1856 to 1861 ; 
 A. V. Aspell, 1861 to 1862; W. H. Birchard, 1862 to 
 1875; J.A.Seward, 1875 to 1880. At fii-st a mail 
 ■was only received once a week. 
 
 AMITY 
 
 is a village dating back to the early settlement. It is ' 
 six miles from Warwick, near the New Jersey line, ] 
 in the south part of the town. Whether the name 
 was a harmonious ending to a dispute as to what the 
 name should be, or to some other difference, does not 
 seem to be decided by any evidence, though it has 
 been inferred that such was the case. It is also said 
 that, somewhat in disgust at the harshness of the old 
 Indian name Pochuck, wliich attached to that lo- 
 cality, they chose one softly gentle in its utterance 
 and in its significance, and that this occurred at the 
 time the Presbyterian Church was organized. Mr. L. 
 C. Layton, the present postmaster, with his wife, was 
 in the South when the war broke out. The story of 
 his escape, his arrest, and his discharge by a favorable 
 judge forms one of the romances of the late civil war. 
 
 PIXE I.<LAXD 
 is the terminus of the Warwick Valley Branch of the 
 Erie Railway, connecting with the main line at 
 (ioshen. The passenger- trains commenced running 
 to this point in November, 1869. The station busi- 
 ness is of considerable importance to the surrounding 
 country in the way of milk shipments, general freight 
 and passenger business. The other business may be 
 summed up as follows: A hotel by Gabriel Carlin, 
 pleasantly situated and having a good reputation; 
 lumber and coal trade by S. E. Gale, who is also 
 postmaster ; a general country store, by Charles H. 
 Woolsey, and the business of the railroad. 
 
 A post-office was established here April 18, 1870. 
 Mr. S. E. Gale was appointed postmaster, and has 
 been the only incumbent of the office, retaining it 
 at the present time (October, 1880). Mr. Gale com- 
 menced in trade as a merchant here in 18.S8, and 
 also kept a lumber-yard until 1847. Then he was out 
 for a few years, opening again' in 1856, and continuing 
 until 1870. Since that he has confined his opera- 
 tions to lumber and coal. In his first period of trade 
 he had a partner, George McDaniels ; in the second, 
 W. Cuddeback. Judge Bradner, in company with 
 Sandy Baron, opened the first store here about 1820. 
 
 BLOOM'S CORNERS 
 derives its name from the Bloom family residing 
 there, and is in the southwestern part of the town, i 
 near the boundary line of the State. 
 
 NEW MILFORD 
 
 is in the valley of the Warwick Creek, and situated 
 in the south part of the town. It was formerly called 
 
 Jockey Hollow, and it is inferred with great caution 
 by previous writers that an " ethereal and elevated 
 standard of morals" did not always prevail in the 
 business of exchanging horses, — that somebody was 
 sometimes cheated, and hence this unpoetical name. 
 Whether all this changed when the new name was in- 
 troduced is not clearly settled. Perhaps now if a man 
 had accidentally made five dollars in a horse trade 
 he would ride hard after the victim and restore him 
 the sum — perhaps not. 
 
 The post-office was established in 1815, and the 
 successive incumbents have been Merritt Coleman, 
 W. C. Sutton, John Gale, D. D. Demerest, and the 
 present officer, Frank M. DeKay. 
 
 At New Milford there is a grist-mill, run by James 
 Lawrence. He also has a store, — general merchandise. 
 Absalom T. Vail and Thomas DeKay are also mer- 
 chants. There is a hotel by Milton DeKay, a black- 
 smith-shop by James Sloan, a wagon-shop by J. 
 Corey, and a cider-mill by John F. Ryerson. 
 
 EDENVILLE 
 is an old name that was given to a collection of dwell- 
 ings just east of Mounts Adam and Eve, now the 
 Edenville post-office neighborhood. It was formerly 
 called Postville, in honor of Col. Jacobus Post, whose 
 father first settled the locality and owned the lands 
 upon which the village is situated. Dr. Youngs is 
 said to have been instrumental in making the change. 
 The place is one of such beauty and fertility that it 
 may well be presumed had Adam and Eve ever been 
 in Orange County, they would have settled there. 
 
 LIBERTY CORNERS 
 is a hamlet at the west foot of Pochuck Mountain, 
 and nearly upon the New Jersey State line. Between 
 Pine Island and Liberty there is located the Pleasant 
 Valley Creamery, William W. Walling the proprietor. 
 At the Corners is a hotel by Jesse Morton. There 
 was formerly a post-office, but it was discontinued a 
 few years ago. 
 
 A large property of 600 acres has recently been 
 purcha,sed by Mr. Huntington, the well-known rail- 
 road man, and he has this year erected a fine country 
 
 residence. 
 
 NEWPORT 
 
 is the name given to the Pochuck Bridge neighbor- 
 hood, a short distance southwest of Amity. 
 
 SANFORDVILLE 
 is a hamlet in the valley of Warwick Creek, about 
 midway between Warwick village and New Milford, 
 and is so named from the Sanford family. 
 
 STONE BRIDGE 
 is a station on the Warwick Valley Railroad, a short 
 distance south of Wickham's Pond. 
 
 BIG ISLAND 
 is another station upon the Pine Island Railroad, and 
 so named from Big Island of the Drowned Lands, else- 
 
580 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 where mentioned. This is west of the station, a por- 
 tion of the Drowned Lands lying between. 
 
 LAWTON 
 is a station on the Warwick Valley Railroad north of 
 Wickham's Pond, and on the Chester line. 
 
 DUTCH HOLLOW 
 is the name given to a neighborhood southeast of the 
 Bellvale Mountains. 
 
 BELLVALE 
 
 is three miles east of Warwick village, and is a ])oiut 
 of early settlement. Daniel Burt located there about 
 1760. There is a valuable water privilege at this 
 place, the Long House Creek falling about thirty feet 
 in thirty rods. The name is said to express a retired, 
 lonely, and beautiful location, a charming vale, and 
 very appropriately applied to this place. 
 
 At this place is the saw-mill of Houston & Forshee, 
 dealers in boards, plank, fence-posts, railway-pickets, 
 laths, etc. 
 
 Up to about the year 1846 the community cen- 
 tring here (and which at that time covered a large 
 section of the southern part of Orange County, mostly 
 thinly settled) was supplied from the Warwick post- 
 office, the mail most commonly being brought over 
 by the Hon. James Burt, the father of the late Stephen 
 A. Burt, of Bellvale, and distributed from the latter's 
 place of business. About the year 1846 the late Fair- 
 field Burt, a brother of the present postmaster, A. J. 
 Burt, and the late Col. W. F. Wheeler succeeded in 
 establishing a post-office in Bellvale, with the present 
 incumbent as postmaster. 
 
 The late William Welling, of Warwick, then mail- 
 carrier by stage from Chester to Warwick daily, agreed 
 to carry the mail through Bellvale on his way to 
 and from Chester and Warwick for $100 per year. 
 This arrangement would have placed Bellvale on the 
 general mail-routes of the United States, and been 
 just the thing for Bellvale, liut the citizens of War- 
 wick remonstrated so strongly against this inno- 
 vation that Welling succeeded in abandoning it be- 
 fore the proper papers were executed, leaving Bell- 
 vale with a post-office but no mail-carrier. Unfor- 
 tunately for this community, the only alternative was 
 to either abandon the project or have a special mail- 
 carrier employed to exchange mails at the Warwick 
 post-office. The latter course was taken, and for all 
 these intervening years up to the present time this 
 post-office has struggled on with all the objections to 
 a special mail supply. 
 
 There have been two or three times during these 
 years when the name of A. J. Burt has been .stricken 
 from the roll of that great army of feeders at the 
 public crib, but the sustenance has been so small for 
 those who succeeded him that they soon languished, 
 and had to be turned into other and fresher pastures, 
 and the original Jacobs placed back to dispense the 
 honors. 
 
 Mr. Burt at last induced Robert Mackerel to take 
 
 the office, and Mr. Mackerel administered it for eigh- 
 teen months, when he made a complaint that if a suc- 
 cessor was not appointed before the Saturday night 
 following Bellvale would be without a post-office. 
 The present postmaster again came to the rescue, and 
 had it transferred to the present locality. The mail 
 that supplies this office is a special mail-route, and 
 the pay of the carrier is from the receipts of the office. 
 Hence it has been a difficult matter to have a suffi- 
 cient fund to induce daily mail facilities. 
 
 From an article already quoted we take the follow- 
 ing interesting statement : 
 
 •' About the time Warwick was first settled an act 
 of Parliament was passed, in the twenty-third year of 
 the reign of George II., to prevent the erection in 
 the colonies of any mill or other engine for slitting or 
 rolling iron. In 1750 the colonial Governor, George 
 Clinton, made a report to Parliament, in which he 
 certifies that there was erected in Orange County, at a 
 place called Wawayanda, twenty-six miles from the 
 Hudson, a plating forge with a tilt-hammer, belong- 
 ing to one Lawrence Scrawley, blacksmith, and that 
 it had been operated for four or five years, and no 
 other rolling-mill, tilting-hammer, or forge can be 
 found in the province." The race-way and part of the 
 dam of the old mill are yet to be seen in the village 
 of Bellvale.* 
 
 VI.-SCHOOLS. 
 
 At the town-meeting of 1796 five school commis- 
 sioners were chosen, viz. : Henry Wisner, Daniel 
 Jessup, Joseph Houston, Thomas Montanye, John 
 Wheeler. Under the law then existing there were 
 others also chosen to that office during the four 
 years following, viz. : Francis Armstrong and Na- 
 thaniel Roe. Nothing further of official action oc- 
 curred until the passage of the act of 1812, by which 
 was organized the general school system of the State. 
 At the town-meeting of 1813 the provisions of the 
 statute were complied with, the necessary officers 
 chosen, and the town was soon after divided into dis- 
 tricts by the commissioners. 
 
 The names of the school commissioners, serving 
 one or more years each during the period commencing 
 with 181.3 and ending with 1843, were as follows: 
 Jones Seely, Robert Armstrong, Alanson Austin, 
 Wm. W. Brooks, Jesse Wood, Jr., James Wheeler, 
 Samuel S. Seward, Wm. F. Wheeler, Thomas Far- 
 rier, Xenophon Mead, Benjamin S. Hoyt, Hiram K. 
 Chapman, Job Noble, Stephen A. Burt, James B. 
 Post, William Shepherd, James C. Fitch, Joseph B. 
 
 * " His said Excellency doth hereby certify that there is erected with- 
 in the said Province, in the County of Orange, at a place called Wa- 
 wayanda, about twenty-six miles from Hudson River, one Plateing 
 Forge to work witli aTilt Hammer, which belongs to Lawrence Scrawley, 
 of the said county. Blacksmith ; has been built about four or five years, 
 and is not at present made use. And further, tliat there are not erected 
 in his said Excellency's Government any other or more plateing Forges, 
 to work with a Tilt Hammer. " Geo. Clinton, Gov. 
 
 " Dec. 14, 1760." 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 581 
 
 Howell, Joseph Curry, James P. Young, James B. 
 Wheeler, John W. Smith, David Forshee, Morris 
 Hoyt, William Smith, James Herron, John J. 
 Wheeler, Samuel D. Holly, Alanson A. Lines, 
 Charles G. Winfleld, James B. Wood, Jr., Alsop V. 
 Aspell, James B. Stevens, Melton McEwen, Dewitt 
 C Jayne, Henry C. Seely. 
 
 The inspectors of schools, who served one or more 
 years during the same period, were the following : 
 James Wheeler, Xenophon Mead, Alanson Austin, 
 Samuel S. Seward, Job Noble, Jesse Wood, Charles 
 Cummins, Daniel C. Hopkins, Lebbeus Lathrop, 
 John I. Christy, Nathaniel Jones, Benjamin S. Hoyt, 
 Joel Wheeler, Jr., Samuel G. Hopkins, Thomas 
 Swezy, Stephen Burt, Thomas Farrier, Jesse Sheperd, 
 John Curtis, Wm. W. Brooks, Jedediah Stepliens, 
 Hiram K. Chapman, Joseph Miller, James Heron, 
 Hoger Crany, John W. Smith, James C Fitch, Wil- 
 liam Timlow, Henry W. Bertholf, James P. Young, 
 Thomas M. Burt, Daniel Wood, Henry W. Houston, 
 Jesse Wood, Jr., Foght Burt, William Shepherd, 
 Hiram K. Chapman, Aaron B. Mead, William Smith, 
 Harrison F. Horton, Alanson A. Lines, John I. 
 Wheeler, Matthew B. Mead, Stephen A. Burt, Samuel 
 D. Holly, Joel B. Armstrong, Charles G. Winfleld, 
 Leander W. Lynn, Lester W. Morse, Orlando A. 
 Smith, John B. Randolph, John M. Howell, Alsop 
 V. Aspell, Ira Brewer, Festus H. Vail, Ira Olmsted, 
 Henry C. Seely, James B. Wood, Jr., John L. Sayer, 
 Edgar L. Knapp. 
 
 Under the system of supervision by town super- 
 intendents the following were the incumbents of that 
 office in Warwick : 
 
 By annual election : 1844, Ira Brewer ; 1845, Alex- 
 ander T. Johnson ; 1846, Edgar L. Knapp ; 1847, Na- 
 thaniel R, Bradner; 1848, Joel B. Armstrong; 1849, 
 Nathaniel R. Bradner (for two years); 1851, Charles 
 T. M. Cane ; 1853, William S. Benedict ; 1855, Mau- 
 rice Hoyt. 
 
 WARWICK INSTITUTE 
 -was organized as an academy by a stock company in 
 the fall of 1852, the first trustees being chosen Decem- 
 ber 2d of that year, as follows : James B. Wheeler, 
 president; William L. Benedict, secretary; Abram 
 Forshee, treasurer ; Milton McEwen, Gabriel Wisner, 
 James Burt, Henry Pelton, Grinnell Burt, Jonathan 
 D. Bevier, Nathaniel R. Bradner, Samuel Blain, Cor- 
 nelius H. Demerest, Jesse W. Vandevort. 
 
 The buildings were erected during the summer of 
 1853, the same still bearing the old name in the vil- 
 lage of Warwick. 
 
 The ground cost S300, and the buildings $4719. 
 The school was opened in December, 1853. 
 
 The teachers of the first year were D. F. Drew,* 
 William H. Carter, principals ; Miss Clara H. Waite 
 and Miss Maria Lamont, assistants. 
 
 It continued as an academy with varying success 
 
 ' Resigned at the end of the Bpring term, 18o4. 
 
 until Oct. 1, 1868, when the entire property was trans- 
 ferred to the Board of Education of " Union Free 
 School District, No. 12," which had then been re- 
 cently formed by a consolidation of two former dis- 
 tricts. The Board of p]ducation agreed, in consider- 
 ation of the transfer, to forever maintain an academic 
 department, and the opportunities of classical in- 
 struction were thereby secured to the pupils of this 
 community. During the existence of the academy 
 the presidents of the board of trustees were as fol- 
 lows : James B. Wheeler, from the organization to 
 Feb. 20, 1865 ; Gabriel Wisner, from that date until 
 Feb. 19, 1866 ; Samuel Pelton, who served from the 
 resignation of Mr. Wisner until the transfer to the 
 district. 
 
 In the Board of Education then taking charge, Mr. 
 Cornelius H. Demerest was chosen president, a posi- 
 tion he continues to occupy after twelve years of 
 service. 
 
 Mr. Demerest, and also Mr. Grinnell Burt, were 
 members of the original academic board of 1852, and 
 have served continuously until the present time in 
 that board and its successor. 
 1 The first Board of Education in full were Grinnell 
 Burt, Thomas S. Vandevort, James R. Christie, C. H. 
 Demerest, William L. Ogden, C. J. Lazear, Thomas 
 Welling, William D.Irwin, M'illiamW. Pelton. The 
 last named was clerk, and William L. Ogden treasurer. 
 The present board (Oct. 1, 1880) consists of C. H. 
 Demerest, W. H. Hynard, J. H. Holly, C. J. Lazear, 
 S. S. Van Saun, Thomas Burt, Grinnell Burt, Thomas 
 Welling, P. E. Sanford. Clerk, John Sayer; Treas- 
 urer, James H. Van Duzer. 
 
 The present corps of teachers (October, 1880) con- 
 sists of Prof. A. G. McAllister, principal ; Miss Bessie 
 B. Dewitt, Miss Julia Reed, Miss S. R. Reed, Miss 
 Rowena Herrick, Miss Maggie Mabee, Miss Amelia 
 M. Nichols. 
 
 AMITY HOME SCHOOL 
 was established in 1873. The course of study em- 
 braces all that is implied in a sound and thorough 
 English and classical education. Scholars are pre- 
 pared for college or for business. The principal is 
 W. H. Seeley, a son of Dr. Seeley, and the school is 
 at the old homestead. 
 
 SEWARD INSTITUTE, FLORIDA. 
 As mentioned elsewhere, this was founded by Judge 
 Samuel S. Seward. He opened the institution first 
 about 1848 as a classical school. For this he repaired 
 and remodeled the old Randolph Hotel, which he had 
 purchased. By his will he gave $20,000 to be invested 
 for the benefit of the school, and as he died a year 
 later the proceeds became available at an early date. 
 With the sums accruing from the interest the trustees, 
 about 1852, purchased of the estate the mansion of 
 Judge Seward, nearly opposite, on the west side of 
 the street, and devoted that to the female department. 
 This gave the school very liberal accommodations, 
 
582 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 and at times there was a large number fif Ixianling 
 students and many day scholars from the village and 
 vicinity. The first principal was Mrs. Parsons, who 
 conducted the school in the Randolph building. After 
 the separation into male and female departments, the 
 first principal of the former was John W. Round, and 
 he continued for several years, until hia death in 186:i. 
 He was succeeded by Thomas G. Schriver, who was 
 principal from 1802 until 1876, when, soon after the 
 beginning of the fall term, he was compelled to leave 
 by sudden illness. 
 
 The first principal of the separate female depart- 
 ment was Miss Seward. She was succeeded by Miss 
 Mary E. Hotchkiss, and the latter by Mrs. George 
 W. Seward. In 1877 both departments were placed 
 in charge of Rev. H. A. Harlow, and he remained as 
 principal until the summer of 1880, when he resigned. 
 The trustees in charge of the school are Frederick A. 
 Seward, of Washington, and George Grier, of Goshen. 
 Rev. Augustus Seward is president of the institute. 
 
 VII.-CHUBCHES. 
 THE BAPTIST CHURCH IN WARWICK 
 effected a legal organization at the meeting-house, 
 Nov. 23, 1791. The certificate was signed by Jona- 
 than Silsbe and James Burt. The trustees named 
 therein were John Morris Foght, John Sutton, and 
 James Burt. This was a compliance with the new 
 law of 1784, for the incorporation of churches, but the 
 church itself had existed for many years previous. In 
 Eager's " History of Orange County" it is stated that 
 the Baptist Church of Warwick was organized in 1766, 
 and that James Benedict was the first pastor. 
 
 The late Mr. Henry Pelton, in an article published 
 a few years since, gave the following items relating 
 to the founding of the Baptist Church of Warwick: 
 From the first settlement in Warwick Valley down 
 to 1764 the people had lived, it appears, wholly 
 destitute of religious privileges. Many of them had 
 enjoyed the preaching of the gospel where they had 
 emigrated from, and no doubt longed for the same 
 privileges in their new home ; but they differed 
 widely in their sentiments, some being of Baptist 
 faith, others of Presbyterian. Many of the settlers 
 from Connecticut were Baptists, and being men of 
 energy and influence, they determined to make an 
 eflfort to procure a preacher of their persuasion. 
 
 Accordingly they sent to Connecticut for a man by 
 the name of .lames Benedict, who was then a licenti- 
 ate of that denomination, and whom many of them 
 were well acquainted with. He came and preached 
 in different neighborhoods very acceptably to the 
 people, and in the following year he was ordained 
 and settled. The church was also organized about 
 that time. There was no other organized denomina- 
 tion at that time, and most of the people attended 
 worship with the Baptists, who met at private houses, 
 as no meeting-house was then erected. In the vear 
 
 1774 a meeting-house was erected near where the late 
 ,Tohn AVood lived, on the corner at the junction of the 
 road leading from the village of Warwick and the 
 road leading from the Welling school-house to Bell- 
 vale. The remains of this house still identify the 
 site. The house was built on a piece of ground given 
 by Mr. Benedict, who was their pastor till he became 
 enfeebled by age and infirmity, when he resigned. 
 He died in 1792, and he and his wife lie buried by 
 the side of the road near where the old church stood, 
 without a stone or tablet of any kind to show who is 
 buried there. He left a number of children, from 
 whom have descended most of that name in this 
 vicinity. It would seem only natural to expect that 
 they who cherish the memory of this pioneer Baptist 
 minister should erect at least some small monument 
 to mark his final resting-place. 
 
 After the resignation of Mr. Hardenburgh, of the 
 Reformed Church, in the year 1807, and during the 
 partial suspension of services in that church for the 
 two or three years following, the Baptist congregation 
 increased so much as to render proper the building of 
 a new house of worship and the location of it in the 
 village of Warwick. The site was purchased of Rich- 
 ard Welling (the same now occupied by their church). 
 The new building was erected in the year 1810, and 
 finished in the spring of 1811. 
 
 We also have the pleasure of adding the following 
 paper with reference to this venerable society, written 
 by William L. Benedict, a descendant of the first 
 minister: 
 
 " Be it recorded that in the year of our Lord one 
 thousand seven hundred and sixty-four, the Lord of 
 His infinite mercy and grace having begun, and carry- 
 ing on, a glorious work of grace in this place, and a 
 number of souls being awakened and converted to 
 Je.sus Christ as we trust, and being destitute of those 
 ministerial helps and ordinances that our souls now 
 thirsted after, and being personally acquainted many 
 of us with James Benedict, who was a member of the 
 Baptist Church of Christ at Stratfield, Conn., under 
 the pastoral care of Mr. John Sherwood, and said 
 Benedict being licensed by that church to the work 
 of preaching the gospel, a number of us, jointly agree- 
 ing together, drew up a letter and sent to said Bene- 
 dict to come over and help us, which accordingly 
 he did, about the middle of November, 1764, and 
 preached about two weeks, to our joy and satisfac- 
 tion, and then returned home. Mr. Benedict, upon 
 invitation, came again in March, 1765, and brought 
 a church covenant with him, which was accepted, 
 and those who had been baptized were constituted 
 into a regular Baptist Church, and signed the cove- 
 nant. The following are the names of the members 
 thus constituted as the Warwick Baptist Church : 
 Elder James Benedict, Ebenezer Green, Timothy 
 Wood, Gload Bootman, David Lobdell, Nathaniel 
 Roe, Daniel Whitney, Philip Ketchum, Jonathan 
 Weeks, Abigail Weeks, Hannah Ketchum, Hannah 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 583 
 
 Bent, Elizabeth Gano, Pliebe Lobdell, Mary Bene- 
 dict, Elizabeth Knapp, Elizabeth Knapp, Jr., Thank- 
 ful Whitney. Thirteen were added to the church in 
 1766; 20, in 1767; 10, in 1769; 5, in 1770; 11, in 
 1771 ; 20, in 1773 ; 45, in 1774. Elder Benedict con- 
 tinued with the church as its pastor until June, 1777, 
 when, upon his request, he was dismissed, after re- 
 signing the charge of the cburcli. He removed to 
 Westmoreland, Pa. Elder Thomas B. Montanye was 
 called to the pastoral care of the church Nov. 20, 
 1788, and continued as pastor until April 27, 1801, 
 the church being greatly prospered, and his resigna- 
 tion accepted, as the record says, " not cheerfully, but 
 with sorrow of heart and many tears." 
 
 Elder Thomas Stevens was called, and accepted the 
 pastoral care of the church July 10, 1802. He re- 
 signed his charge Aug. .30, 180;^. Elder Lebbeus 
 Lathrop was called to the pastoral care of the church 
 Oct. 2.5, 1801, and continued in charge of the church 
 until May, 1819, when, on his own request and resig- 
 nation, he was dismissed. Elder Philander D. Gillett, 
 called as pastor Dec. 29, 1821 ; resigned March 25, 
 1826. Elder Aaron Perkins was called to the charge 
 of the church Oct. 1, 1827 ; resigned April 19, 1829. 
 Elder John C. Murphy, called Dec. 26, 1829 ; resigned 
 March 30, 1833. Elder Richard Pickard, called as 
 pastor April 26, 1834; resigned April, 1844. Elder 
 Philander Hartwell, called March, 1845 ; resigned 
 April 1, 1852. Elder John F. Johnson, called Oct. 
 26, 1856; resigned July 31, 1868. Elder Wilson 
 Honsel, called Jan. 1, 1859; resigned March 30, 1863. 
 Elder Joseph N. Badger, called April 1, 1868; re- 
 signed April 1, 1876. Elder William Pollard, the 
 present pastor (1880), called April 1, 1879. 
 
 Ordinations : Elder James Benedict, at Warwick, 
 Nov. 7, 1765 ; Elder Thomas B. Montanye, at War- 
 wick, Nov. 20, 1788 ; Elder William L. Benedict, at 
 Warwick, Nov. 19, 1865 ; Elder Joseph N. Badger, 
 Aug. 26, 1868. 
 
 Deacons : James Burt, .Jonathan Silsbee, Jolin 
 Morris Foght, Azariah Ketchum, .Teremiah More- 
 house, Jeffrey Wisner, John Sutton, James Brook, 
 William L. Benedict, Minard Sutton, John Parkin- 
 son,* Eleazer M. Bradner,* Joseph B. Van Duzer,* 
 Samuel Brook.* 
 
 Clerks: John Morris Foght, David Forshee, James 
 Burt, John L. Sayer, William L. Benedict, William 
 AVelling, John E. Conklin.f 
 
 The meeting-house was built 1809-10, is 60 by 40 
 feet, cost $7000, stands in the centre of the village of 
 Warwick, on a lot containing an acre of land ; is a 
 wooden structure with a spire or steeple ; is a firm, 
 substantial building, and in good repair; can seat 
 about 500 people. The parsonage contains seven 
 acres of excellent land, with a commodious house, 
 built in 1852, at a cost of about $1500. The church 
 and congregation own a lot of half an acre of land. 
 
 * Deacons at the present time. 
 
 t Clerk at present time. 
 
 donated by Deacon James Burt, leased to the War- 
 wick Institute, a graded school. This lot is bounded 
 on the .south by the Wawayanda Creek, and is the 
 place where the ordinance of baptism is administered. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CONGREGATION OF FLORIDA 
 was incorporated by a certificate executed March 24, 
 1787. The pa])cr is signed by two of the deacons, 
 John Bradner and Abel Jackson, and the trustees 
 chosen were William Thompson, John Bradner, 
 Robert Armstrong, Enoch Jackson, Roeleff Van 
 Bruns, Moses Carpenter. The following extract from 
 the records shows the early efforts to establish a 
 church in Florida, though it fails to show at what 
 date a church was actually organized. The building 
 of a house and the settlement of ministers, as described 
 below, is good evidence that the church organization 
 really dates back to 1742: 
 
 " In the year of the Christian era 1738 the people 
 of Florida and Goshen were considered as one con- 
 gregation, and attended public worship at Goshen 
 under the ministry of the Rev. Silas Leonard. On 
 the 7th day of August, 1741, the people of Florida 
 purchased a piece of land of Richard Baylis, contain- 
 ing one acre and one rod of land. 
 
 " This purchase was made under the name of the 
 Men of Brookland (as Florida was then called), and 
 as will appear by a deed of conveyance executed by 
 the said Richard Baylis, bearing date the seventh day 
 of August, one thousand seven bundled and forty- 
 one, now on the files of the clerk of the board of 
 trustees. The people proceeded without delay to 
 prepare to build a meeting-house, which was raised 
 and inclosed the next year, viz., 1742. Soon after 
 this time the Rev. Mr. Judd, from New England, 
 spent some time in Florida as a supply, but he not 
 inclining to settle in this part of the country, left the 
 place. From this time until the year 17-50 there was 
 but little preaching in Florida. About this time the 
 people of Warwick made a proposal to join with 
 Florida and settle a minister between the two congre- 
 gations. Agreeably to the proposal of Warwick, the 
 two congregations united and prepared a call for the 
 Rev. Jonathan Elmer, who accepted of the same and 
 preached .alternately between the two congregations 
 for about four years. Some difficulty arising between 
 Mr. Elmer and the people of Warwick about this 
 time, Mr. Elmer left Warwick and continued the 
 duties of his ministerial office at Florida for about 
 three years, when Mr. Elmer was dismissed, by the 
 consent of the congregation, for want of ability to give 
 him a sufficient support. 
 
 ■ " On the 13th of June, 1762, the Rev. Samuel Park- 
 hurst was ordained to the pastoral charge of the con- 
 gregations of Florida and Warwick. On the 8th day 
 of March, 1768, the Rev. Mr. Parkhurst departed this 
 life, leaving the united congregations of Florida 
 and Warwick vacant. On the 8th day of December, 
 1771, the Rev. .-imzi Lewis came to preach at Florida 
 
584 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 and Warwick as a stated supply, with a view to his 
 settlement, and on the 9th day of April, 1772, Mr. 
 Lewis was ordained to the pastoral charge of the 
 united congregations of Florida and Warwick. 
 Within a few years after Mr. Lewis' ordination the 
 people of Warwick became dissatisfied with Mr. 
 Lewis, and a committee of the Presbytery of New 
 York having been appointed to meet at Warwick to 
 inquire into the causes of the difficulties existing, the 
 result was that Mr. Lewis was dismissed from War- 
 wick. The congregation of Florida continued Mr. 
 Lewis as their minister until the month of November, 
 1787, when Mr. Lewis left Florida with the consent ' 
 of the congregation. On the 27th of March of that 
 year the congregation was incorporated as shown j 
 above. 
 
 " The board of trustees was classified as follows : 
 first class, John Bradner, Enoch Jackson, seats vacant 
 March 27, 1788 ; second class, William Thompson, 
 Moses Carpenter, seats vacant March 27, 1789 ; third 
 class, Robert Armstrong, Euliff Van Brunt, seats va- 
 cant March 27, 1790. 
 
 "On the 4th day of March, 1793, the board of 
 trustees purchased of Renulche Parkhurst, Nathaniel 
 Parkhurst, and Mary his wife, a lot and messuage of 
 land situate near the meeting-house, for the purpose 
 of a parsonage, for the sum of four hundred and fifty 
 pounds lawful money of the State of New York, I 
 which said sum had been previously raised by the 
 voluntary subscriptions of the persons whose names j 
 are hereafter set down : ! 
 
 " William Armstrong, William Thompson, James .'?ayre, Benjanun Sayre, i 
 John Kennedy, Roliert Armstrong, Francis Aiuistrong, John Sayre, 
 Lewis Howell, Ruliff Van Bruilt, Keinard Bayli.-. T^aac Johnson, 
 John llolhert, John Springsted, Phineas Touipkint, Jaiiirs Jackson, ! 
 William Armstrong, Jr., Nathaniel Roe, David Lauttncr, Joseph ' 
 Totten, James Miller, Willi.ani Mullock, James Foster, Timmhy Hoe, ! 
 Daniel Poppino, Samnel Jessup, Zebnion Wheeler, James .-V^pell, 
 Benjamin Roe, Joseph Roe, George Wood (deacon), John Poppinu, 
 Isaac Jennings, George Rankin, Samuel Jayne, Anthony Finn, Wil- 
 liam Carr, Enoch Jackson, Charles Durland, Richard Poppino, Mat- 
 thew Adams, Benjamin Jennings, Thomas Beach, David Miller, 
 Daniel Jessup, William Randall. Richard Jennings, Samuel Gilson, 
 Moses Armstrong, Joseph Drake, Barnabas Horton, Samuel Bailey, 
 John Finch, Solomon Carpenter, David Wilson, Robert Armstrong, 
 Jr., John Randall, John Carr, Jonas Roe, David Dunning, Wm. 
 Bradner, Benoni Bradner, Israel Wood, Gideon Jennings, Isaac 
 Smith, Jr., James Hannah, John Hathorn, Francis Baird, John 
 Smith, John Roy, Alexander Brown, David Howell, David Robert- i 
 son, Joseph Houston, John Wood, Jr., Thomas Goldsmith, Joseph 
 Todd, Thomas King, Samuel Bradner, Caleb Smith, David Nanny, 
 Gepl-go VancCj Moses Wisner, Joseph Curry, Stephen Balys, Jesse 
 siiepard, Wm. McKain, Nathaniel Roe, Jr., Christian Minthoru, 
 Daniel Wood, William Carr, Jr." 
 
 In May, 1795, Rev. John Joline was installed 
 pastor. June 2d the presiding board of church officers 
 was elected, as follows : Elders, William Armstrong, 
 Robert Armstrong, Nathaniel Roe, William Bradner, 
 Samuel Jessup ; Deacons, John Holbert, Daniel 
 Jessup. These officers were ordained by Mr. Joline 
 June 9, 1795. At that time 47 persons were received 
 and enrolled as members of the church. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Joline died in October, 1802. He was 
 
 buried in the grounds adjoining the church. After 
 the death of Mr.. Joline the church remained without 
 a minister for six years. In 1803 the congregation 
 resolved to build a new house of worship. Accord- 
 ingly the old house was taken down, and a new one 
 erected on the same site, 40 by 50 feet, with a "'gal- 
 lery and a steeple." 
 
 The Rev. Charles Cummins commenced his labors 
 as pastor July 15, 1808, and was installed the follow- 
 ing September. At that time the congregation em- 
 braced families residing within the present boundaries 
 of the congregations of Sugar-Loaf, Chester, and 
 Amity. In 1812, Asa Bailey gratuitously deeded one- 
 half acre of land to the trustees adjoining the par- 
 sonage farm on the same hill, to which was added a 
 portion of the farm for a burying-ground. In 1813 
 and in 1824 the trustees purchased of Samuel S. 
 Seward pieces of land on the north and east side of 
 the burying-ground for enlarging it. They had pre- 
 viously sold the parsonage farm, excepting what was 
 reserved for the above purpose. 
 
 In 1820 the trustees appropriated a lot in the north- 
 east corner of the burying-ground for the use of the 
 colored people. In 1820 the first bell was procured. 
 Saturday, March 18, 1837, about mid-day, the church 
 was discovered to be on fire, and in one hour was 
 burned to the ground. The next day being the Sab- 
 bath, the congregation assembled in the " long room" 
 of the academy. A sermon was preached by the 
 pastor from Daniel ix. 17. The next day the congre- 
 gation assembled in the same place, and resolved to 
 build another church on the same site as soon as pos- 
 sible. The present building was completed and 
 dedicated in June, 1838, at a cost of 14650. The con- 
 gregation, upon invitation of the Methodist Church, 
 worshiped in their church while the building was 
 being erected. 
 
 In the division of the Presbyterian Church iu the 
 United States, when the church was rent asunder by 
 the exciting acts of the General Assembly in 1837, a 
 majority of this church decided to remain with the 
 constitutional church, as the " New School" portion 
 of the A.ssembly claimed to be. Rev. Mr. Cummins 
 resigned his jiastoral charge, and the relation was 
 dissolved in May, 1839. He with 30 members with- 
 drew and organized a church under the other branch, 
 or the Old School judicatories. A suit was soon after 
 brought by those who withdrew against the church 
 for all the property, which they claimed. The case 
 was decided in favor of the church, and they retained 
 the jiroperty which they had heretofore held. 
 
 Rev. George Pierson was called to the pastorate 
 and installed Aug. 13, 1839. In 1867 the church 
 building was enlarged and greatly improved. Rev. 
 Mr. Pierson continued pastor till May 15, 1878, a 
 period of nearly thirty-nine years, when the relation 
 was terminated at his own request. He died at 
 his residence in Florida, Feb. 2, 1880. At the time 
 of his dismission, in May, 1878, the two Presbyterian 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 585 
 
 churches in Florida were united in one church by 
 the action of the Presbytery and the civil courts, 
 and retained the house of worship belonging to the 
 first organizations for their future use. Rev. A. L. 
 Clark, the present pastor, began his ministry April 1, 
 1879, and was installed by the Presbytery of Hudson 
 on the 29th of the same month. 1 
 
 The following have served as trustees since 181.S : 
 Samuel S. Seward, elected 181.3, and continued in 
 office till 1837 ; James Wood, Richard Poppino, Dan- 
 iel Poppino, Nathaniel Wheeler, Samuel Jessup, Wil- 
 liam Smith, Francis Armstrong, Wm. W. Armstrong, 
 Amzi A. Jessup, Daniel Finn, Wm. M. Taylor, James 
 Vail, John Curtice, Philo Gregory, Christopher As- 
 pell, Jr., John M. Vanderoef, Peter S. Post, Daniel 
 Jessup, Jr., Alsop V. Aspell, Nathan R. Wheeler, 
 Thomas Armstrong, Charles C. Wheeler, Joseph 
 Hetzel, Lewis M. Jayne, Geo. M. Seward, Lewis 
 Howell, Cornelius Vandevoort, Abram L. Nanny. 
 
 The present board of trustees are James H. Hous- 
 ton, Stewart Young, Robert Young, Lewis Howell, 
 Jasper A. Seward, Wilmot A. Durland. 
 
 The elders have been : John Roy, Wm. Smith, 
 1801; Selah Smith, Enoch Jackson, John Holbert, 
 Daniel Poppino, James Wood, 1808; Daniel Mills- 
 paugh, Daniel Finn, Jasper S. Armstrong, 1822; 
 Charles Jackson, Nathan R. Wheeler, Geo. M. Sew- 
 ard, 1839; Geo. N. Chase, Thos. Armstrong, 1843; 
 William Finn, Zebulon W. Vanderoef, Asa Howell, 
 1852 ; Saml. F. Gardner, Geo. M. Pierson, 1870 ; Henry 
 L. Sherwood, 1871. 
 
 The present elders are Zebulon W. Vanderoef, Asa 
 Howell, Samuel F. Gardner, Stephen D. Pierson. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF WARWICK 
 effected a legal organization at the meeting-house, Oct. 
 22, 1791. Archibald Armstrong and Joseph Wilson 
 were the inspectors of election, pursuant to statute, 
 and the trustees named were John Wheeler, Francis 
 Baird, and John Simson. This movement took defi- 
 nite legal shape at the above date, but there was a 
 previous history of twenty years or more, which is 
 given in the following extract, condensed from Mr. 
 Pelton's article already quoted. There were many 
 settlers of Presbyterian or Congregational ancestry 
 who were not satisfied with Baptist usages or doc- 
 trines, and they began to take the necessary stejis 
 towards forming themselves into an organized so- 
 ciety. 
 
 In 1770, Mr. John Morin Scott, who owned a piece 
 of land in the village of Warwick, sold the same to 
 William Wisner, one acre, where the church now 
 .stands, to constitute a site for a meeting-house, and 
 the remainder to be used as a burying-ground. About 
 the same time William Wickham, the well-known 
 land-holder of early times, donated one acre for the 
 same purpose adjoining the land bought of Mr. Scott. 
 It appears, however, from stones standing in that 
 yard, that it had been used for burial purposes earlier 
 38 
 
 than the date given above. Soon after this acquisi- 
 tion of a site preparations were made to build a meet- 
 ing-house. A frame was erected in 1773 or 1774, 
 covei-ed and inclosed, but nothing more done to it. 
 Troublesome times then came on, and the building 
 stood during the war of the Revolution without any 
 protection, open to the public, without doors or win- 
 dows, and a shelter for anything and everything that 
 might happen to enter. After the war things became 
 more settled. Many people desirous of religious 
 privileges attended meeting at Florid.i, though the 
 distance was great and the roads rough. From the 
 churches of Florida and Chester ministers occasion- 
 ally came to Warwick to preach. Many Dutch fami- 
 lies had now settled in Warwick, coming from what is 
 now Rockland County, and from Bergen County, New 
 Jersey, among them the families of Demerest, Ber- 
 tholf, Ackerman, Aekerson, Post, Magee, and others. 
 There were Dutch settlements in Minisink along the 
 Delaware River, and as the road from Rockland and 
 Bergen Counties to Minisink was through Warwick, 
 travelers made this a stopping-place, and ministers 
 coming through here were often invited to preach. 
 John Lazear used to say that he well remembered 
 that when he was a child his father, Cornelius Lazear, 
 was once invited to attend a meeting in Warwick and 
 lead the singing in Dutch. 
 
 In 1792 a movement was made to repair and finish 
 the meeting-house. Pre|)aratory to this, or for the 
 purpose of securing a perfect title, the incorporation 
 mentioned at the commencement of this article was 
 obtained. A subscription was raised, and the house 
 completed in 1793, and from that date forward it is 
 supposed that services were regularly held, sometimes 
 by ministers of neighboring churches. The old meet- 
 ing-house was an ill-shaped, uncouth-looking building, 
 which in these modern times would hardly be thought 
 fit to be used as a place of worship. It was nearly 
 square, with a gambrel roof, and the entrance in the 
 end fronting the road. The seats were very clumsy 
 affairs, though strong. An aisle led from the entrance 
 to the pulpit, with one tier of seats on each side, and 
 around the outside there were box-pews, four-square, 
 according to the old style. The gallery was not fin- 
 ished, only a floor laid, and a breastwork put up in 
 front, with loose boards placed on blocks for seats. 
 Such was the church in which the hardy pioneers 
 worshiped and prized the gospel privileges, though 
 there was no fire even in the coldest weather, and in 
 the long services their bodies and limbs were almost 
 frozen stiff with the cold. 
 
 There is no record of what transpired from 1793 to 
 1802. At this last date a Presbyterian minister was 
 engaged to preach once in two weeks for a year, and 
 his salary was to be $150, the agreement being signed 
 by Ge orge Vance ,, Abraham Genung, and Ananias 
 1 Rogers, as trustees. The receipt for the payment of 
 this sum is dated Feb. 23, 1804, signed by the minis- 
 ter, Benjamin Prime. This agreement and this re- 
 
586 
 
 HISTOEY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ceipt were found among the papers of the late Richard 
 Johnson, for many years a trustee of the churcli. 
 
 There were some difficulties in the way of forming 
 a church. The church building and ground were 
 given for a Presbyterian Church, but the Dutch and 
 English families were neither able to found a church 
 alone, and a compromise was exceedingly desirable. 
 Those in favor of organizing under the Classis of the 
 Dutch Reformed Church finally prevailed, and a har- 
 monious result was reached that has remained un- 
 disturbed for seventy-five years. The name and style 
 of the society was "The Presbyterian and Dutch Re- 
 formed Church of Warwick." The trustees were to 
 manage the church property, and the Consistory the 
 spiritual interests of the church. This happy result 
 was due in part to the services of several young Dutch 
 ministers, who had preached here with great accept- 
 ance to the whole people. Under this arrangement a 
 church was organized by a deputation of the Classis 
 of Paramus, Jan. 7, 1804. 
 
 The first elders were Andrew Ackerman and Cor- 
 nelius Demerest ; the first deacons, Aaron Taylor and 
 John G. Ackerson. Soon after this organization was 
 made a call was extended to the Rev. Charles Har- 
 denbergh, which was accepted. About this time the 
 Pelton families and Jacob Howe, Sylvanus Fancher, 
 and others came to this place from Connecticut, and 
 this added considerable strength to the congregation. 
 Early in 1808 the elders chosen were Edward P. 
 Ackerson and John Pelton ; the deacons, Andrew 
 Onderdonk and David C. Demerest. John Pelton 
 outlived all of his associates, and held his station until 
 disqualified by age and infirmity. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Hardenbergh left about this time, and the 
 growing church had no pastor for some years. The 
 congregation scattered, and it was necessary to make 
 a strong eflbrt to rally. In the year 1810, S3000 was 
 pledged for a new house of worship. William Cul- 
 ver, a leading mechanic, had the contract. A large 
 amount of timber was given by Thomas DeKay, and 
 the erection of the building took place in 1811. It 
 was finished and dedicated in the spring of 1812. 
 During the building of this house services were held 
 in the " long room" of the old Dolsen tavern, after- 
 wards the house of J. & S. Welling. 
 
 Among the supplies was Rev. Mr. Westervelt, to 
 whom the church extended a call, which was, how- 
 ever, declined. In the year 1812, Rev. John J. 
 Christie was settled. He remained the pastor until 
 the fall of 1835, a considerable portion of the time in 
 failing health, on which account he had not been able 
 to do the needed work of the church. The Rev. Ben- 
 jamin Van Keuren was next settled, but only re- 
 mained for a year and a half, or to the fall of 1837. 
 It seemed to be a necessity at this time to secure a 
 parsonage. The Consistory acted with promptness 
 and discretion. A farm belonging to Mr. Henry 
 Johnson was purchased, the homestead and buildings 
 reserved for the minister's residence, and the other 
 
 portions sold, so as to leave but a small sum to be 
 raised by the congregation. This was immediately 
 provided for, and as a result of this early and wise 
 action the society have ever since enjoyed the posses- 
 sion of a pleasant and commodious parsonage. About 
 this time it was deemed desirable to file a certificate 
 of incorporation, which had, perhaps, been previously 
 neglected. The proceedings were signed by William 
 H. Bishop, chairman. The trustees chosen were 
 Peter Schoonmaker, Robert Ettinge, Ishmael Aclin, 
 Ciesar Sahler, and John Whiting. 
 
 The next j^astor, Rev. James W. Stewart, was in- 
 stalled May 15, 1838. He was evidently a man of 
 talent, devoted to the doctrines of the church, and 
 preached them forcibly. In the strong disputations 
 characteristic of that era throughout the country, he 
 deemed it his duty to oppose boldly the Methodists, 
 then entering upon this field, and to some extent he be- 
 came unpopular with the people, and even with a por- 
 tion of his own societ}'. He resigned in 1842. Rev. 
 Mr. Christie, the former pastor, was then employed 
 temporarily as a supply, so far as his feeble health 
 would permit. Rev. F. H. Vanderveer, the next pas- 
 tor, commenced his labors on the 1st of December, 
 1842, and remained in that capacity until the fall of 
 1870, a pastorate of unusual length, extending for a 
 third of a century. The pulpit was vacant for only a 
 short time, the present pastor. Rev. Vernon B. Car- 
 roll, being installed about Jan. 1, 1877. 
 
 Soon after the settlement of Rev. Mr. Vanderveer 
 it was determined to rebuild the house of worship. 
 The builder was Walter Brooks. Subsequently it was 
 necessary to put an addition on the end, thus secur- 
 ing additional pews. The parsonage was next rebuilt. 
 A debt of $1000 accumulated as the result of these 
 improvements, which was met by disposing of three 
 acres of land from the north end of the ample par- 
 sonage lot. The church has a vested fund of .'52300, 
 arising from donations as follows: William Culver, 
 $400 ; John Magee, $500 ; James Magee, his son, 
 $500 ; Mrs. James R. Christie, $500 ; Miss Sarah De- 
 merest, $300 ; Rev. Mr. Christie, $100. This fund is 
 left in charge of the Consistory for the support of the 
 minister. After the opening of the railroad and the 
 advance in the value of real estate it was deemed best 
 to sell more of the parsonage lot, which was accord- 
 ingly done for the sum of $4500. This carries the 
 vested fund up to $6800, the revenue from which 
 renders the annual support of the minister a com- 
 paratively easy aflair. 
 
 The present officers of the church (October, 1880) 
 are Thomas Welling, Mahlon Cooper, C. H. Demerest, 
 and Samuel Pelton, elders ; Alexander H. Galloway, 
 N. R. Bradner, Henry C. Dusinbury, C. M. Demerest, 
 deacons; C. H. Demerest, clerk; C. M. Demerest, 
 treasurer; John L. Servin, Sunday-school superin- 
 tendent. The membership of the church is about 
 100. It is a matter of regret that the early records 
 of the church are lost, as it would be interesting to 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 587 
 
 have given in full the first roll of members. Among 
 early members of the Consistory, though not perhaps 
 the first, were Cornelius Demerest, John Ackerson, 
 and Aaron Taylor. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF AMITY 
 effected a legal organization at the house of Jesse 
 Sliepard, where public worship was commonly held, 
 April 21, 1797. The certificate was signed by Lewis 
 Sayre and Colville Shepard, inspectors of the elec- 
 tion, and the trustees chosen were Robert Farrier, 
 Philip McConnel, and David Carr. Of this church, 
 organized somewhat earlier than the above date in- 
 dicates, we have the following sketch written by tlie 
 pastor : 
 
 The Presbyterian Church at Amity had its origin ; 
 in an association incorporated Dec. 10, 179G, under 
 the name of " The Presbyterian Society of Amity." 
 The society, soon after their incorporation, put them- 
 selves under the care of the Presbytery of Hudson, 
 although a church was not organized until several 
 years after. 
 
 In the spring of 1797 they began to build a house 
 for public worship. This house, though not finished, 
 was so far completed that it was opened and dedicated 
 to the worshi]) of God on the first day of August fol- 
 lowing. The Rev. Mr. Kerr, then of Goshen, preached 
 a sermon on the occasion from Isa. Ivi. 7. The size 
 of this first church building was 36 feet by 44 feet, 
 and cost $1100. At its origin, and for several years 
 after, the congregation was small and weak, many of 
 its members being in indigent circumstances. The 
 country was new and thinly settled, and many of the 
 inhabitants were but tenants of the farms which they 
 cultivated. The community was in a comparatively 
 rude and disorganized state. There were very few 
 professors of religion, and these were of different re- 
 ligious denominations. Hence the labor and expense 
 of sustaining religious worship devolved upon a few, 
 who felt more deeply the importance of gospel insti- 
 tutions and privileges to the welfare of the community. 
 During the year 1800 they succeeded in securing the 
 moans needful to the completion of their house of 
 worship, which for three years had remained un- 
 finished. 
 
 For several years after this the congregation had 
 no settled minister, but were dependent for their 
 preaching on occasional supplies furnished by the 
 Presbytery of Hudson, and on missionaries from the 
 Presbytery of New York and other traveling preach- 
 ers. 
 
 In 1807 the Rev. Benjamin Prime was engaged as 
 a supply for half the time for one year. After the 
 expiration of Mr. Prime's term of service the con- 
 gregation were dependent on occasional supplies 
 until the spring of 1809, when the Rev. Daniel C. 
 Hopkins, a licentiate of the Presbytery of New York, 
 came among them. The congregation soon gave Mr. 
 Hopkins a call to become their pastor, which he in 
 
 due time accepted, and his ordination and installa- 
 tion were fixed for Oct. 4, 1809. 
 
 Measures were now immediately taken for the or- 
 ganization of a church. A meeting of the congrega- 
 tion was held Aug. 22, 1809, at which a committee 
 was appointed to prepare a petition to the Presbytery 
 of Hudson, expressing their desire to have a church 
 organized. This petition was signed by the follow- 
 ing persons, professors of religion, living within the 
 bounds of the congregation, viz. : Daniel C. Hopkins, 
 Jesse Shepard, James Onderdonk, Robert Ferrier, 
 Israel Owen, Nathaniel Roc, William Adams, Su- 
 sanna Burr, Abby Smith, Lydia Rowley, Sally Long- 
 well, Abigail Knapp, Phebe Carpenter, Hannah 
 Smith, Eunice Onderdonk, Aletta Edsall, and Anna 
 Nanny. In compliance with this petition, a meeting 
 of the congregation was called for Sept. 15, 1809, 
 when a church was duly organized by a committee 
 of Presbytery, consisting of Rev. Isaac Lewis, of 
 Goshen, and Rev. Charles Cummins, of Florida. 
 
 The new church was composed of the following 
 members : Jesse Shepard, James Onderdonk, Israel 
 Owen, Robert Ferrier, Eunice Onderdonk, Eunice 
 Brown, Susanna Burr, Lydia Rowley, Aletta Edsall, 
 Anna Nanny, Sally Longwell, Nathaniel Roe, Abi- 
 gail Knapp, Phebe Carpenter, Hannah Smith, Phebe 
 A. Coleman. The election of elders was deferred to 
 a future meeting, which was held September 25th, 
 when Jesse Shepard, James Onderdonk, and Israel 
 Owen were chosen to the office of ruling elder. They 
 were duly installed into office on Oct. 4, 1809. At 
 the same time Mr. Hopkins was ordained by the Pres- 
 bytery of Hudson, and installed pastor of the church 
 and congregation. (See Records of Presbytery.) 
 Mr. Hopkins remained pastor of the church until 
 Jan. 27, 1818, when be was released from his charge. 
 His active ministerial life after leaving Amity was 
 principally spent in Northern and Central New York. 
 He died at Montclair, N. J., June 7, 1871, aged 
 ninety-one years. 
 
 After Mr. Hopkins' departure from Amity the 
 church remained vacant until June 19, 1819, when 
 Rev. William Timlow, a licentiate of the Presbytery 
 of Hudson, was ordained and installed pastor. This 
 relation continued for the long term of thirty-nine 
 years, when, on account of the failure of his health, 
 Mr. Timlow felt constrained to seek a release from 
 his pastoral labors. In compliance with his request 
 the Presbytery dismissed him from his charge April 
 21, 1858. After a few months his health was in a 
 measure restored, and he continued for twelve years 
 longer to preach the gospel as he had opportunity, 
 — supplying vacant churches, — and most cheerfully 
 rendering assistance to his ministerial brethren when 
 they sought his aid. After his retirement from the 
 jjastorate he continued to reside at Amity, among 
 the people whom he had so long served in the gospel. 
 His last public service was but three weeks before his 
 death, when he officiated at the funeral of an aged 
 
588 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 friend, whom he had baptized and received into the 
 church at the first communion season after his in- 
 stallation as pastor, some fifty years before. 
 
 During his pastorate, viz., in the summer of 1828, 
 the second house of worship was built. The size of 
 this building was 40 feet by 60 feet, and cost about 
 $2000. It was dedicated to the worship of God Dec. 
 4, 1828, on which occasion a sermon was preached by 
 the pastor from Psalm Ixxxiv. 1. Mr. Timlow died at 
 Amity, Dec. 30, 1870, after a week's illness, in the 
 eighty-eighth year of his age. Soon after the resig- 
 nation of Rev. Mr. Timlow the church gave a call to 
 Rev. Edsall Ferrier to become their pastor. Mr. Fer- 
 rier was born within the bounds of the congregation. 
 His parents were members of the church, and his 
 grandfather had been an elder. He accepted the call, 
 and in a few weeks began his labors among the 
 people. He was ordained and installed by the Pres- 
 bytery of Hudson Sept. 28, 18.58, Rev. Daniel Hig- 
 bee, then of Washingtonville, preaching the sermon. 
 This relation continued until April 18, 1860, when it 
 was dissolved by the Presbytery in order that Mr. 
 Ferrier might accept a call from the Second Presby- 
 terian Church of Florida, N. Y. Mr. Ferrier is now, 
 and has been for several years, pastor of the Presby- 
 terian Church at Mauch Chunk, Pa. 
 
 After Mr. Ferrier's departure the pulpit was filled 
 by temporary supplies until the following October, 
 when Rev. Henry J. Acker, who had been for some 
 time in charge of the Congregational Church at 
 Greenport, L. I., was engaged as stated supply. After 
 a few months the church gave him a call to become 
 their pastor. His installation took place April 3, 
 1861, Rev. Augustus Seward, of Middletown, preach- 
 ing the sermon. In November, 1863, Mr. Acker hav- 
 ing been drafted, and declining the offer of friends to 
 furnish him a substitute, entered the army as a chap- 
 lain. His church, hoping that the war would soon 
 close, declined to accept his resignation and gave him 
 leave of absence for a year. At the expiration of the 
 year he again tendered his resignation, which was 
 accepted, and he was released from his charge by the 
 Presbytery Jan. 31, 1865. After a few months he be- 
 came jiastor of the Presbyterian Church at Pleasant 
 Valley, N. Y. He remained there until the autumn 
 of 1872, when he removed to Brainard, N. Y., where 
 he died Jan. 1, 1874, aged forty years. 
 
 Rev. Daniel O. Timlow, a son of Rev. William Tim- 
 low, succeeded Mr. Acker as pastor at Amity. He 
 was installed by the Presbytery of Hudson June 6, 
 1865. The relation then constituted still continues. 
 
 During the summer and autumn of 1868 the pres- 
 ent church edifice was erected. The size of this build- 
 ing is 40 by 70 feet, and its cost, together with the 
 furnishing, was about $12,000. Mr. Thomas E. Fer- 
 rier, of Catskill, N. Y., formerly an elder, and a 
 brother of a former pastor, presented the congrega- 
 tion with a sweet-toned bell, weighing over one thou- 
 sand pounds. 
 
 The dedication took place Jan. 28, 1869. The fol- 
 lowing is a brief extract from an account published at 
 ' the time in the New York EvatKjelht : "At the service 
 of dedication a crowded audience filled the house. 
 I Three of the pastors of tlie church were present, with 
 many of the neighboring clergymen. The sermon 
 was preached by Rev. Henry J. Acker, from Psalm 
 Ixxxv. 5 : 'Of Zion it shall be said, This and that 
 man w-as born in her, and the Highest himself shall 
 establish her.' " 
 
 A form of dedication was read by the pastor, and 
 the prayer made by his aged father, not, however, 
 till the people, by bringing in their offerings, could 
 give the house to God entirely free of debt. 
 
 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH IN WARWICK (EPISCOPAL) 
 was incorporated by a certificate executed April 6, 
 1804. Timothy DeKay and Richard Welling were 
 chosen wardens; Elisha DuBois, Thomas Welling, 
 Belden Burt, John Welling, William Holland, Wil- 
 liam Johnson, Charles Thompson, and Joseph Miller 
 ' vestrymen. The above legal paper shows an attempt 
 I to establish an Episcopal Church in Warwick early in 
 this century, and it doubtless embodies most of the 
 I names of those favorable to the enterprise. It is 
 understood that the effort was not continued to any 
 extent, nor is there any memorandum among the 
 records of the present church concerning this early 
 movement. At a much later period another attempt 
 is shown by the following certificate incorporating 
 
 THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF WAR- 
 WICK 
 
 Sept. 30, 1853. The proceedings were signed by W. 
 H. Carter, Abraham L. Reynolds, and James D. Roe. 
 The w ardens chosen ^^re, Dr. A. L. Reynolds and Wil- 
 liam H. Hoyt ; the vestrymen, Milton McEwen, Ezra 
 Sanford, John Wheeler, Amherst Wisner, James Roe, 
 John S. Pelser, Charles Morehouse, and William H. 
 Demerest. The meeting was held at the Methodist 
 church, in which the Episcopalians were then worship- 
 ing. Before this date, and for a time subsequently, 
 Episcopal services were regularly held in the Meth- 
 odist church. A lot was purchased and trenches dug 
 for the foundation of a church edifice. By the re- 
 moval to other places of the principal men fevoring 
 the formation of a parish the movement was aban- 
 doned, and nothing more was done until about the 
 time mentione<l in the following certificate. 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH OF WARWICK (EPISCOPAL) 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Dec. 1, 1862. 
 The paper was signed by Rev. George T. Gray, rector, 
 Horace Porter, and Isaac Reeve. The wardens chosen 
 were Horace Porter and J. M.McJimsey ; the vestry- 
 men were John Bradner, Grinnell Burt, John Cowdrey, 
 J. H. Houston, William H. Hoyt, Isaac Reeve, J. D. 
 Roe, and Samuel C. Welling. At a subsequent meet- 
 ing, December 6th, James D. Roe was chosen secre- 
 tary and Horace Porter treasurer. The next entry in 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 589 
 
 the book shows that a committee was appointed Sept. 
 19, 18(3.3, to select a suitable site on which to build a 
 bouse of worship. The committee were Joseph M. 
 McJimsey, Grinnell Burt, and Samuel C. Welling. 
 The rectorship of Rev. Mr. Gray continued for 
 about a year and a half. His successor, Rev. N. T. 
 Ludlum, was chosen rector July 23, 1864. During 
 his pastorate further steps were taken towards the 
 erection of a church, and either because of some 
 suj)posed defect in the previous proceedings, or to 
 make the title to the property about to be secured 
 more certain and definite, another certificate of in- 
 corporation was filed under date of Sept. 23, 1865. 
 The paper was signed by Rev. Nicholas F. Lud- 
 lum, rector, and by J. M. McJimsey and Isaac Reeve. 
 The last two were named as wardens and the follow- 
 ing vestrymen were chosen: John M. Bradner, Grin- 
 nell Burt, John Cowdrey, Heury C. Weir, John D. 
 Miller, William H. Chardevoyne, Samuel H. Arnout, 
 and William D. Irwin. The meeting was held at the 
 Methodist church, the use of which was liberally 
 granted l)y that society. 
 
 The Episcopal house of worship was erected in 
 186.5 and 1866, as the records show a meeting of April 
 3, 1866, in the Methodist church, and one of Sept. 22, 
 1866, in the " church building." Its cost was about 
 $7000, and it occupies a handsome site on the corner 
 of South and Second Streets ; a very fine and com- 
 manding elevation. The pews were first rented from 
 Jan. 1, 1867, the lessees being 36 in number. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Ludlum resigned the pastorate July 1, 
 
 1868. A call was tendered to Rev. Charles E. McII- 
 vaine, Nov. 6, 1868, which was declined. May 1, 
 
 1869, Rev. Peter A. Jay was called to the rectorship, 
 and commenced his labors soon after. His pastorate 
 continued until March 20, 1872, when he resigned. 
 A call was immediately tendered to Rev. William S. 
 Earl}', which he accepted, and commenced his labors 
 in Warwick soon after. He remained about a year. 
 Under date of May 9, 1873, a call was sent to Rev. 
 Alfred Goldsborough, which was duly accepted. He 
 removed to this ])lace and began his parochial labors 
 immediately. He resigned in 1880, his closing ser- 
 vices being held on Easter Sabbath. His ministerial 
 brethren of other denominations speak in warm com- 
 mendation of his piety and his faithful presentation 
 of the truth during his seven years' residence here. 
 
 The officers of the parish chosen in 1879, and whose 
 successors have not been named, are H. C. Weir, S. 
 B. Dolsen, wardens ; Grinnell Burt, J. D. Miller, J. 
 N. Houston, John Cowdrey, J. Carson, W. H. Char- 
 devoyne, vestrymen; John Cowdrey, treasurer; W. 
 H. Chardevoyne, secretary. 
 
 The pulpit is now vacant, and services are sus- 
 pended (October, 1880). 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, FLORIDA. 
 In the year 1831, at the solicitation of Justus Dill 
 and others, the preachers of the New York Annual 
 
 Conference commenced preaching in the village of 
 Florida, occupying the wagon-making shop of Justus 
 Dill as a place of worship, April 15, 1832. P. Rice, 
 preacher in charge of the circuit, authorized H. 
 Wing, his colleague, to form a class, which was com- 
 posed of ten members, — Abram Odell and wife, M. G. 
 Lewis and wife, Jamas H. Wood, Justus and Eliza 
 Dill, Walter Wood and wife Sarah, Oscar F. Whit- 
 ney. Walter Wood acted as leader. The Presby- 
 terians, who had been the sole occupants of the 
 ground, opposed the work to some extent ; but at the 
 close of the year the class had increased to a member- 
 ship of twenty. 
 
 Cyrus Silliman and Noble W. Thomas then ap- 
 peared on the circuit, and held service every fortnight. 
 The prayer-meetings were well attended, and finally 
 compelled them to seek a permanent place. Accord- 
 ingly the academy was secured, and for some time 
 occupied as a place for preaching and prayer services. 
 
 In 1835, James Cover, Jr., Nathan Rice, and Thomas 
 Edwards were the preachers on the circuit, followed 
 the ensuing year by Thomas Newman, William Mil- 
 ler, and S. S. Strong. This was a year of great pros- 
 perity to the church. At the first Quarterly Meeting 
 held at Edenville, in August, seven from Florida were 
 converted. 
 
 A protracted meeting at the academy followed, and 
 twenty more were received. Isaac Millspaugh and 
 his brother, John H. Jlillspaugh, Sarah Goble, Han- 
 nah Vanbrunt, Abram P. Miller, E. P. Seward, and 
 Susan and Elizabeth Woodruff were among the 
 number. 
 
 Rev. T. Newman, encouraged by the continued 
 growth of the membership, proposed the building of 
 an edifice. This met with hearty concurrence from 
 the people, and on Jan. 16, 1837, legal notice having 
 been given, the congregation elected as trustees for a 
 Methodist Episcopal Church in Florida the following : 
 Justus Dill, Jonathan Davy, Walter Wood, Edwin P. 
 Seward, and Marenius G. Lewis. In spite of op- 
 position and the dullness of the times, pledges were 
 received to the amount of nearly 12000. A lot 100 
 feet front by 105 feet back, owned by John Curtis, 
 was purchased by the trustees, and contracts were 
 made with Justus Dill to build a church 40 by 50, 
 with basement. 
 
 While the work was in progress the Sugar- Loaf Cir- 
 cuit was newly organized, and contained the following 
 api)ointnients: Washingtonville, Monroe, Highland 
 Mills, Sugar-Loaf, Florida, Edenville, Bellvale, Ox- 
 ford, Little Pond, Mount Eve, Greenville, Long 
 Pond, and Monroe Works. William Miller and 
 Seymour Landon were assigned to this work. Wil- 
 liam Miller resided in the place. The edifice was 
 completed, and August 31st, was dedicated. 
 
 Rev. John Kennedy, of Newburgh, preached the 
 dedicatory sermon. A series of extra meetings was 
 held, and many added to the church. 
 
 The following preachers have filled the appoint- 
 
590 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ment up to 1869, at which time the church was thor- 
 oughly repaired at an outlay of over S600. At the 
 reunion W. P. Abbott preached, — Eli Denniston, Wil- 
 liam M. Furguson, George C. Bancroft, John Rey- 
 nolds, Blatthew Vandusen, Isaac J. Divine, Edwin 
 Oldren, Charles H. Dibble, J. P. Hermance, Henry 
 Wright, Ira Ferris, William N. Nelson, M. Carrier; 
 Humphrey Humphreys, C. S. Brown, J. Millard, A. 
 C. Fields, Benjamin (Jenung, A. W. Blakely, William 
 H. Bloomer, George Dykeman, C. F. Pelton, James H. 
 Hawxhurst, Richard S. Amerman, Joel Croft, J. W. 
 Jones, N. H. Bangs, Joseph Elliott, Uriah Messiter, 
 R. S. Shurter, M. M. Curtis, P. C. Oakley, and Joseph 
 H. Wood. 
 
 In 1870 pulpit supjilied Ijy Alexander Burriss ; 1871- 
 72, F. D. Abranis was appointed, and the cliurch 
 greatly prospered, — fifty-two uniting with the church ; 
 1873, F. Mason North followed with marked success, 
 the debt being canceled this year; 1874, David H. 
 Hanaburgh ; 1875, J. T. Hargraves ; 1876, William 
 H. Peters; 1877, Edward H. Royce ; 1878-79, P. P. 
 narrower; 1880, Frank T. Rogers. 
 
 Present Onjanizaiion. — Rev. Frank T. Rogers, pastor ; 
 Trustees, Isaac Millspaugh, L. D. Adams, Harvey 
 Green, Samuel Green, Oscar Rosencranse, William 
 Fletcher, Charles Smith ; Stewards, Isaac Mills- 
 paugh, Jlrs. Mary M. Adams, Mrs. J. W. Bertholf ; 
 Chorister, Mr. M. Mapes ; Organist, Carrie E. Rosen- 
 crans ; Sexton, James Cronk. The pastor is the 
 class-leader and Sunday-school superintendent. 
 
 Church membership, 54 ; Sunday-school, 1 ; mem- 
 bership, 60; average attendance, 50; 12 officers and 
 teachers ; church valued at $2000. 
 
 THE PRE.«BYTERIAN CONGREGATION OF FLORIDA 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Feb. 6, 1844. 
 The proceedings were signed by William Smith and 
 William W.Taylor, elders. The trustees chosen were 
 John J. Poppino, William Houston, Amzi A. Jessup, 
 Daniel P. Onderdonk, Jonas Seely, Zebulon W. 
 Smith. This was what, for convenience, became 
 known as the Second Presbyterian Church, of which 
 the following account is given : 
 
 The formation of a second Presbyterian Church in 
 Florida was due in the first place to the general dis- 
 ruption of the Presbyterian Church of the United 
 States, resulting from the sharp theological discussions 
 of the period 1830 to 1837. When two General As- 
 semblies were formed out of the one previous organi- 
 zation, the " excluded synods" fell naturally and 
 without much trouble into the New-School organiza- 
 tion. In some quarters there arose, however, strong 
 debate as to which body the allegiance of individual 
 churches should be given. A majority of the then ex- 
 isting church at Florida decided to adhere to the New- 
 School Assembly. This comiiellcd those who deemed 
 it their duty to sustain the Old-School Assembly to 
 form a new organization. This no doubt cost a strug- 
 gle of feeling in the minds of those on both sides of 
 
 this discussion. The church thus rent in twain in 
 Florida was the united church of their fathers; the 
 church whose services once celebrated in the rudely- 
 liuilt meeting-house of primitive times had come 
 down to them sacred with the precious memories of 
 three generations. It was the church under whose 
 teachings they had each formed their own strong 
 opinions, — opinions of which Presbyterians have ever 
 been stout defenders. 
 
 The second church was organized in 1839. Its 
 first sessional records are dated in September of that 
 year. William Smith was appointed a delegate to 
 Presbytery. Under date of September 23d, at a meet- 
 ing of Session, there were present Rev. Charles 
 Cummins, moderator, and Elders Daniel Poppino, 
 William Smith. Four additional elders were chosen 
 about that time, namely, John Fox, William Taylor, 
 Renald House, Amzi A. Jessup. 
 
 The records do not show what members then con- 
 stituted the second church. Rev. Mr. Cummins, 
 with Elders Poppino and Smith, joined the second or- 
 ganization, and as they claimed to some extent to be 
 the regular succession of the original cliurch, they 
 undoubtedly claimed nominally that the roll of church- 
 members as it existed prior to the division all be- 
 longed to them, acknowledging only as an existing 
 fact that certain members were actually adhering to 
 the first cliurch. However this may be, the book of 
 records does not give the names of the members who 
 formed the second church in 1839. 
 
 The pastors of this church were as follows : Rev. 
 Charles Cummins, who was the pastor from the or- 
 ganization until 1849; Rev. W. A. Westcott, who 
 ministered to the church fi-om 1849 to February, 
 1860 ; Rev. Edsall Ferrier, whose services began May, 
 1860, and continued until the fall of 1865 ; Rev. H. A. 
 Harlow, who began his labors in the fall of 1866, and 
 continued until the spring of 1872 ; Rev. Elijah Bur- 
 nett, who preached from February, 1873, to the win- 
 ter or spring of 1875 ; Rev. David McLeod, whose 
 labors c<immenced in July, 1875. 
 
 Under his pastorate a movement to unite the two 
 churches took place. The distinction between Old 
 School and New having been done away in the general 
 church, and the two Assemblies in the United States 
 become one some years before, it was perhaps natural 
 that an effort should be made to unite individual 
 churches in places where two existed and the popu- 
 lation did not seem to require tw'o organizations of 
 the same faith and order. The result proved that the 
 movement was premature in Florida, but neverthe- 
 less it was made. The formal union was consum- 
 mated May 15, 1878, the petition to Presbytery having 
 been presented April 16th. The effort proved unsat- 
 isfactory, and it was soon discovered that the two so- 
 cieties should each have gone on with their work as 
 individual churches. To retrace these later stejis was 
 a work of difficulty. It was, however, done ; the second 
 church was again formed Sept. 29, 1879. Of this or- 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 591 
 
 ganization Rev. S. D. Noyes became the acting pastor 
 at the time of tlie reorganization, a'nd remains in-that 
 position at tlie present time (October, 1880). The 
 elders are Walter Sayer, William L. Vail, George 
 Fox, William T. Goble, Charles Jessup, and John 
 Houston. The trustees are twelve in number; Wil- 
 liam L. Vail is president of the board, Thomas J. 
 Taylor clerk, and Samuel H. Thompson treasurer. 
 Charles Jessuji, superintendent of the Sunday-school. 
 There is a library of 200 volumes. The society have 
 a large and convenient house of worehip, erected soon 
 after the division of 1839. They also have a manse 
 situated on Main Street near Conkling Avenue. In 
 its present organization the society is but a little more 
 than a year old, yet it has evidently entered ujion its 
 work with vigor and efficiency. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF WAR- 
 WICK VILLAGE 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation June 4, 1849. 
 The paper was signed by Jonathan S. Wood and 
 James Green. The trustees chosen were Jonathan S. 
 Wood, James Green, and Samuel Wilson. 
 
 This was the legal organization of a society that 
 had existed for some years before that date. From 
 1830 to 1840 the Methodist preachers held occasional 
 services in Warwick village. These early meetings 
 were in private houses. In 1840 they held a series of 
 revival meetings in a tent pitched near the ground 
 where the Catholic church now stands. Many con- 
 versions took place, and a strong impulse was given 
 to Methodist work at that time. They were able im- 
 mediately to erect a house of worship, which they 
 thereafter occupied until 1867, when it was sold to 
 the Catholics, and the new Methodist church was 
 erected in another part of the village. 
 
 For a correct history of the early introduction of 
 Methodism in Warwick, reference must be made to 
 the General History (p. 134) in this volume, from 
 which it appears that the first service was at the house 
 of Col. David McCamley, in 1786. A class was organ- 
 ized at Sugar-Loaf, at the house of Samuel Ketcham, 
 in 1789. Henry Wisner was its leader in 1809, at 
 which time there was also a class in Warwick, Cor- 
 nelius Jones, leader, and one in Amity, James Ben- 
 jamin, leader.* It was not until 1839, however, that 
 a society was formally established. The pioneer of 
 this later organization is said to have been Mr. John 
 Ketchum, who came here about 1837. He lived in 
 the house, still standing, opposite the site of the old 
 Methodist church. About that time Rev. Seymour 
 Landon opened new appointments in town. In War- 
 wick village meetings were held in the tavern of 
 Mr. Thomas Ward, in the old store-house that stood 
 on or near the present site of J. H. Van Duzer's store. 
 
 * Mr. Cornelius Ltizear is traditionally mentioned as tlie first class- 
 leader in the county, but the tradition is not justified by written records. 
 His bouse at New Milford was perhaps a place for holding meetings, but 
 the date of bis services as a leader is evidently some yeare later than 
 that of the persons named above. 
 
 The Ward tavern was on the site of the present Wa- 
 wayanda House. The tent-meetings, already men- 
 tioned, commenced on the 6th of September, 1840, 
 and were conducted by Daniel Ostrander, presiding 
 elder, and Eli Denniston, the preacher in charge, 
 with his colleague, Sylvester S. Strong. They were 
 continued until October 8th. A class was formed, of 
 which Mr. Oscar B. Welling was appointed leader. 
 There were only three in full membership, — Mr. Wel- 
 ling and his wife, and Mary Case ; with them were 
 eighteen on probation. July 13, 1841, a meeting was 
 held to take steps for building. Trustees were chosen 
 and a resolution to procure incorporation adopted. 
 It does not seem to have been recorded until 1849, as 
 given at the beginning of this notice. The contract 
 to build the house of worship was signed Jan. 29, 
 1842, the contractor being Warren S. Ruinsey ; the 
 price for the completed house being $1675. The 
 building was known as the Wesleyan Chapel of War- 
 wick, and was dedicated Dec. 1, 1842, Rev. E. E. Gris- 
 wold preaching the sermon. Thus the Methodist 
 Church of Warwick was fairly established, and it has 
 continued steadily on its appro])riate work to the 
 present time. 
 
 In 1864 the Sugar-Loaf Circuit was divided, and 
 Warwick with Edenville constituted one charge, the 
 Rev. D. D. Gillespie being the first preacher under 
 the new arrangement. His successor was Rev. D. W. 
 C. Vau Gaasbeck, who came to Warwick in the 
 spring of 1866. Under his pastorate the new church 
 edifice on Main Street was built, at a cost of $18,000. 
 It was dedicated March 5, 1869, sermons being, 
 preached by Rev. R. L. Dashiell and Rev. C. D. 
 Foss. About this time also the Edenville Church 
 erected a new edifice at an expense of $5000, and it 
 was dedicated March 10, 1870, Rev. J. B. Wakely and 
 Rev. H. H. Birkins preaching on the occasion. At 
 Warwick, the present parsonage on South Street was 
 purchased a few years since for $4000, an earlier 
 house having been sold for $1900. Camp-meetings in 
 this vicinity have been held near " Aunt Fanny 
 Lewis' spring," so called, on the Henry Benedict farm, 
 and also near the " Houston Spring." A debt re- 
 maining from all the various enterprises of about 
 $5000 was raised in 1878, by a single day's work, a 
 series of meetings being held at different houses. Well 
 might a local writer say " this was a red-letter day in 
 the history of this church." The present organization 
 (October, 1880) comprises the following ofiicers : 
 
 Pastor. Rev. Wm. Colden ; Stewards, Charles R. 
 Cline, Elihu B. Taylor, Peter S. Post, S. T. Lazear, 
 Edward C. Armstrong, J. M. Burt, J. H. Vreeland, 
 J. Hunter ; Trustees, J. H. Vreeland, James B. Dem- 
 erest, Jacob Quackenbush, John B. Knapp, Elihu B. 
 Taylor, J. M. Burt, P. S. Post, Thomas Pitts ; Sun- 
 day-school Superintendent, Edwin S. Caldwell ; vol- 
 umes in the library, 300 ; communicants, 138. 
 
 We add a list of preachers from 1837 to the present 
 time. The appointments included in Sugar-Loaf 
 
592 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Circuit in 1837 were Sugar-Loaf, Florida, Edenville, 
 Warwielc, Bellvale, Oxford, Goshen, Washiugtonville, 
 Monroe Cburcli, Greenville, Little Pond, Long Pond, 
 Monroe Works, and Mount Eve : 
 
 1837, Seymour Landun, William Miller ; 1838, Seymour Laudou, Thomas 
 Newman ; lS3fl, Thomas Newman, Eli Denniston ; 1840, Eli Deuuis- 
 ton, S. S. Strong ; 1841, Thomas Newman, William M. Ferguson, G. C. 
 Bancroft; 1842, John Reynolds, Matthew Van Deusen, Isaac Divine; 
 1843, John Reynolds, Matthew Van Deusen, E. Westlake; 1844, E. 
 Osborn, J. G. Smith, C. M. Dihhle, J. P. Uermance ; 1845, E. Oldren, 
 J. G. Smith, C. M. Dibble, J. P. Hermance; 1846, Thomas Newman, 
 J. P. Hermance, J. W. Lefevre, Henry Wright. At this time the 
 Southfield division was establislied, while Monroe and Goshen were 
 made separate charges. 1847, Thomas Newman, David Buck, T. F. 
 R. Mercien (Monroe Circuit), J. P. Hermance (Southfield) ; 1S4S, E. 
 J. Jackson, D. Buck (Sugar-Loaf), D. Buck, N. H. Bangs (Monroe), 
 C. C. Isham (Goshen), John P. Hermance (Southfield). In the place 
 of the appointee, E. J. Jackson, came William H, Nelson. 1849, J. 
 Ferris, M. Carrier (Sugar-Loaf I, H. Lounsberry (Goshen); 1850, H. 
 Humphries, C. S. Brown ; 1851, A. C. Fields, C. S. Brown ; 1852, A. C. 
 Fields, J. Hillard; 1853, William Bloomer, J. Hillard, 1854, William 
 Bloomer, G. W. Dikeman (Sugar-Loaf ), and B. H. Genuing (Chester) ; 
 1855, C. F. Pelton and M. Lockwood (Sugar-Loaf), and B. H. Gen- 
 ning (Chester) ; 1856. C. F. Peltou, James P. Haw.xliurst ; 1857, James 
 P. Haw.xhurst, R. S. Amerman ; 1858, J. (Voft, R. S. Amernian ; 18.59, 
 J. Croft, J. H. Jones; lSCO-61, N. H. Bangs, Joseph Elliot ; 1S62-63, 
 U. Messiler, B. L. Shorter ; 1864-65, D. D. Gillespie ( Warwick alone) ; 
 1866-68, D. W. C. Van Gaasbeck ; 1869-71, D. Buck : 1872, E. L. 
 Prentice;* 1873-74, Z. N. Lewis; 1875, W. N. Traver ; 1876, V. N. 
 Traver; 1877-79, William E. Ketchum ; 1880, Rev. William Colden. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF NEW MIL- 
 FORD. 
 
 Services by ministers of the Methodist Church were 
 held in this neighborhood very early.f This pioneer 
 work soon induced the organization of a class, but 
 the class-papers seem to have been lost, and the names 
 .of the founders of this church are not preserved. 
 The house of worship was erected in 1838. The 
 charge belonged to the New Jersey Conference until 
 1873, when it was transferred to the New York Con- 
 ference. Prior to that date the records are with the 
 Vernon Church, of New Jersey. The Edenville 
 Church had been included in the Warwick charge. 
 In 1873 Edenville and New Milford were united 
 under the name of Edenville charge, and so remain 
 at the present time. The pastors have been as fol- 
 lows : 1873-75, Rev. C. C. Miller; 1876-78, Rev. M. 
 S. Tuthill; 1879, Rev. J. B. Heroy; 1880, Rev. C. 
 F. AVinau. The present stewards and trustees are S. 
 Y. Layton, Thomas Corey, and A. Vail. A Sunday- 
 school is in active operation with a good attendance. 
 These brief facts give the outline of a steady work of 
 fifty years, the details of which are not preserved for 
 the ])en of the historian ; but the influence for good 
 wielded by this church, and the results achieved, re- 
 main a permanent blessing to this community. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF EDEN. 
 
 This society effected a legal organization Sept. 1 1 , 
 
 1822. The proceedings were signed by Eleazer Mc- 
 
 Camley and Andrew Shorter. The trustees chosen 
 
 were John Bloom, Eleazer McCamley, Cornelius 
 
 * He died in the parsonage at Warwick. Feb. 28, 1873. 
 t See account of Warwick Church. 
 
 Jones, George Jones, Samuel Gardner, Peter Van 
 Cort, J. C. Ketchurfl, Elias Fancher, Andrew Shorter. 
 Edenville appointment was connected with Warwick 
 charge down to 1873 ; since that date it has been 
 united with New Milford, and its pastors are given 
 in the notice of that church. The present stewards 
 are R. Wisner, S. Green, S. B. Houston, and A. 
 Houston. The trustees are H. B. Edwards, W. Du- 
 sinberre, A. Houston, and R. Wisner. 
 
 The pastor of this church and of New Milford re- 
 ports ninety-six members, two Sunday-schools, with 
 twenty teachers and eighty members. 
 
 BELLVALE METIIODLST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 The first record of the Bellvale class in connection 
 with the Methodist Episcopal Church in Orange 
 County was made in 1809, — Henry Stead, presid- 
 ing elder ; John Roberson, James Coleman, circuit 
 preachers; Andrew Cunningham and Benjamin West- 
 lake, local preachers. It was reported at ;i quarterly 
 meeting as a part of the New Windsor Circuit. The 
 quarterage paid was $2.76 ; the class-leader, James 
 Cunningham. He also received license to exhort, but 
 afterwards withdrew from the church. The places for 
 preaching were at Mr. William Wisner's and Mr. 
 Ananias Wilson's. The preachers were those of the 
 New Windsor Circuit prior to 18.37. {See New Wind- 
 sor.) 
 
 In 1817, William Seymour, a colored man, was 
 licensed to exhort ; afterwards he was given a local 
 preacher's license, and for many years preached in 
 the vicinity of Bellvale. As one of the first laborers 
 under God, his name is remembered by some still 
 living in this place. His home, while here, was at 
 the house of William Wisner. His portrait, gift of 
 Mr. Samuel Wilson, is in the Bellvale parsonage. 
 William Seymour died at the house of Isaac Still, in 
 the town of Monroe. He retired for the night, after a 
 very happy meeting during the evening in the place, 
 and when called for breakfast he was found dead in 
 the bed. The Master came, his work ended, and he 
 entered into rest. 
 
 Heman Bangs, one of the circuit preachers of 1820, 
 lived in part of William Wisner's house, near where 
 William H. Wisner's house now stands. Preaching 
 was held at Ananias Wilson's, Squire Horton class- 
 leader. His wife, son, Milton, daughter, Julia, and 
 son-in-law, Peter Bennett, Mr. William Wisner, his 
 wife, and a Mrs. Jones, also two slaves in the family 
 of William Wisner (named Joe and Lottie), were 
 members of the class. 
 
 1824. This year the class at Bellvale was broken 
 up by what was then known as the "Horse Trial." 
 Jlr. William Wisner withdrew from the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, and Peter Bennett, a class-leader, 
 was expelled, and Messrs. Wilson, Bradner, Wisner, 
 and others removed their names to Sugar-Loaf class. 
 The regular appointment for preaching at Bellvale 
 was abandoned until 1833, when Samuel Wilson, 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 593 
 
 having experienced religion, invited tlie prt'acliers on 
 tlio circuit again to preach at his house. 
 
 In 1832, Revs. Silliman and Thomas held an extra 
 meeting at the house of Samuel Wilson, in Bellvale, 
 during which, in the month of November, Mr. Samuel 
 A. Monell, Jonathan S. Wood, Henry B. Wisner, and 
 many others experienced religion. The persons 
 named have been for years the true and warm-hearted 
 friends of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and when 
 the church was divided and its interest suffered at the 
 hands of others they remained steadfast. Following 
 the protr.acted meeting, a class was organized, and 
 Milton Horton appointed leader. Services were held 
 also at the Red School-house, near Mr. James H. Hal- 
 lock's farm, and at an old house opposite the Bellvale 
 church, owned at this date, 1880, by Mr. Jonas 
 Quackenbush. 
 
 1837. This year the New Windsor Circuit was di- 
 vided, and the Sugar-Loaf Circuit formed, embracing 
 the following appointments, viz. ; Florida, Eden- 
 ville, Bellvale, Chester, Monroe village, Oxford, Sat- 
 terly Town, Washingtonville, Blagg's Clove, Highland 
 Mills, Little Long Fond, and Dutch Hollow (now 
 Greenwood Lake), beside preaching in almost every 
 school district on this circuit. Rev. Phineas Rice, 
 presiding elder; Seymour Landon and Wni. Jliller, 
 preachers on Sugar-Loaf Circuit. 
 
 1838. Seymour Landon and Thomas Newman 
 preachers. 
 
 1839. William Jewett, elder; Eli Denniston and 
 Thomas Newmau, preachers. 
 
 1840. D. Ostrander, elder ; Eli Denniston and Syl- 
 venus S. Strong, preachers. 
 
 1841. Wm. M. Fergerson and George Bancroft, 
 preachers. 
 
 1842. John Reynolds, Matthew VanDeusen, and 
 Wm. Blaksly, circuit preachers. 
 
 1843. John Reynolds, Matthew VanDeusen, and 
 Isaac I. Divine. 
 
 1844. Marvin Richardson, presiding elder; Edward 
 Olden and Chas. H. Dibble, preachers. 
 
 184.5. Edward Olden and John P. Hermance, 
 preachers. 
 
 1846. Thomas Newman and J. P. Hermance, 
 preachers, on Sugar-Loaf Circuit. 
 
 1846. I. G. Smith and Chas. H. Dibble, preachers, 
 on Monroe Circuit. This year the Sugar-Loaf was 
 divided, and the Monroe Circuit formed. Sugar-Loaf 
 embraced only Sugar-Loaf, Chester, Goshen, Florida, 
 Edenville, Warwick, Bellvale, Demerest School-house, 
 and Greenwood Lake. In 1841 the upper part of the 
 school-house at Bellvale was furnished and seated 
 for holding meeting. The committee who circulated 
 the subscription was W. H. Wisner and Edward Burt. 
 The room was to be occupied by Baptist, Reformed 
 Dutch, and Methodist jointly, and the building was 
 called the Tabernacle. 
 
 1847. Thomas Newman and Henry Wright, 
 2)reachers. 
 
 1848. Ira Ferris and Marcus Cumer, preachers; 
 Wm. Jewett, presiding elder. 
 
 1848. Goshen was taken from Sugar-Loaf Circuit, 
 and Rev. C. Isham stationed there. 
 
 1849. Ira Ferris, Wm. N. Nelson, preachers. This 
 year a protracted meeting was held in the Tabernacle, 
 and the same winter a gracious revival attended the 
 labors of Henry D. Wright, a local preacher at the 
 present Greenwood Lake charge, following which a 
 subscription was raised, lot purchased, and church 
 built at Greenwood Lake. At that time the Green- 
 wood Lake class was connected with the Southfield 
 charge. 
 
 1850. S. Martindale, presiding elder; Humphry 
 Humphries and C. S. Brown, preachers. 
 
 1851. A. C. Fields and C. S. Brown, preachers. 
 
 1852. A. M. Osbon, presiding elder ; A. C. Fields 
 and J. Millard, prcachei-s. During this year a sub- 
 scription was circulated to build a church at Bellvale. 
 On Feb. 8, 1863, a meeting was called of the society, 
 and the following persons elected as a board of trus- 
 tees, viz.: Mr. Calvin Bradner, Townsend Wright, 
 Samuel Wilson, Benjamin H. Bennett, Thomas 
 Brooks, Wm. H. Wisner, John R. Wilson. Samuel 
 Wilson, chairman; John R. Wilson, secretary; Wm. 
 H. Wisner, treasurer. 
 
 On the 11th of February, 1853, at a meeting of the 
 board of trustees, it was resolved to build a church 50 
 feet by 32 feet, with 22 posts, and belfry, alsoagallery 
 across the end of the church, and a basement 30 feet 
 by IS feet, with 7 feet ceiling. Resolved to accept a 
 lot given by Mr. Samuel Wilson. Immediately fol- 
 lowing this work was commenced on the lot for a 
 foundation. The corner-stone was laid by Rev. J. B. 
 ^Vakely, then pastor of the Forsyth Street Church, 
 New York City. The corner-stone was given by Mr. 
 David Stevens. The mason-work was under the 
 supervision of Mr. Edward Mills, the carpenter-work 
 being under the supervision of Mr. Adolphus Brad- 
 ner. The timber for the entire building was cut on 
 the farm of Wni. H. Wisner, and sawed in the old 
 saw-mill just above where the church now stands. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Wilson, wife of Daniel Wilson, one 
 of the first stewards of the old New Windsor Circuit, 
 and mother of John R. Wilson, one of the trustees, 
 gave the bell for the church. 
 
 1853. W. H. Bloomer and J. Jlillard, preachers. 
 18.54. William H. Bloomer and George Dikeman, 
 
 preachers. 
 
 This year (1854; the church was dedicated. Rev. 
 Hiram Matterson preached the dedicatory sermon from 
 Matt. xxvi. 8: "To what purpose is this waste?" 
 Rev. A. M. Osbon, presiding elder, dedicated the 
 church. A choir under the direction of Mr. Mil- 
 ton Younges, with an instrument of Mr. Town- 
 send Wright, occupied the gallery and conducted 
 the singing. Entertainment was furnished at the 
 houses of Mr. Samuel Wilson, John R. Wilson, and 
 William H. Wisner's for the many persons attend- 
 
594 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ing the dedication from distant parts of the circuit. 
 About this time a church trial at Sugar-Loaf grew 
 out of the renting of the pews at Sugar-Loaf Church, 
 resulting in the expulsion of one member at Sugar- 
 Loaf Church. Tills difficulty in the church was made 
 the occasion for a division of the society .at Bellvale. 
 One of the preachers then in charge withdrew from 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church, and with him a large 
 number of those recently brought into the church. 
 They worshiped at the Tabernacle, organized a Sun- 
 day-school, named the society after their minister, 
 and united with the Protestant Methodist ; they con- 
 tinued until the year 1867, when they dissolved. 
 
 1855. L. M. Vincent, presiding elder; C. F. Pelton 
 and Rev. Lockwood, preachers. 
 
 1856. C. F. Pelton and J. H. Hawxhurst, preachers. 
 
 1857. J. H. Hawxhurst and Richard Aramerman, 
 preachers. 
 
 1858. Joel Croft and R. Ammerman, preachers. 
 
 1859. Joel Croft and 1. W. Jones, jireachers. 
 
 1864. This year Bellvale and Greenwood Lake were 
 separated from the circuit and became a charge by 
 themselves, having one preacher between them. R. 
 M. Roberts, preacher-in-charge. 
 
 1865. Horace Wood, preacher-in-charge. 
 
 1868. Mark E. Rude, preacher-in-charge. 
 
 1869. J. H. Lane, preacher-in-charge. 
 
 During this year a subscription was circulated to 
 build a parsonage at Bellvale. About $800 were 
 pledged. The cost of the building to be erected was 
 estimated at about .^l.MO. Work was commenced in 
 the spring of 1870; the house was finished that year, 
 costing $2200. After this the pastors, by subscription, 
 reduced the debt of $1400 down to -SIOOO, which 
 amount still remains. 
 
 1871. C. C. Miller, preacher-in-charge. 
 
 1873. J. W. Felvus, preacher-in-charge. 
 
 1874. C. Rheor, preacher-in-charge. 
 
 1875. A. N. Mulnix, preacher-in-charge. 
 1878. N. Brusie, preacher-in-charge. 
 1880. F. F. Angevine, preacher-in-charge. 
 
 This year, 1881, the church has 60 members and 5 
 probationers. Service is held at Bellvale morning and 
 evening, and at Greenwood Lake in the afternoon. 
 
 THE UNION METHODI.ST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF 
 STERLING, 
 
 town of Warwick, executed a certificate of incorpor- 
 ation April 7, 18.56. The proceedings were signed by 
 David B. Banker and Zenas Covel. The trustees 
 chosen were John May, Samuel Green, Charles T. 
 Ford, Samuel Duvall, and Peter Barnes. The meet- 
 ing was held " at the school-house where the congre- 
 gation usually worshiped.'' 
 
 THE AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF 
 FLORIDA 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Dec. 2, 1862. 
 It was signed by Henry Johnson, and the trustees 
 
 named therein were William Jacklin, William Mati- 
 zer, and Henry Harris. 
 
 This undertaking was not successful, though a lot 
 was purchased and some preparations made to build 
 a house of worship. 
 
 ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH, WARWICK VILLAGE 
 (C.VrHOLIC). 
 
 This society was organized as a mission-work in 
 connection with the Catholic Church of Goshen. In 
 1865, the Methodists desiring to build a new church, 
 sold their old property to the Catholics for $1600. It 
 was immediately refitted, and consecrated in August 
 of that year as St. Stephen's, and services have been 
 maintained since that date. Much energy has been 
 displayed in raising money for church purposes. The 
 house of worship is a convenient chapel, not showy 
 nor costly ; but with wise prudence the church has 
 declined to enter upon the building of a larger struc- 
 ture, involving the risk of debt and embarrassment. 
 There were not more than five or six families inter- 
 ested in Catholic services at the time the enterprise 
 commenced in Warwick. The property bought cost 
 this small band $.3000. It was assuming a serious re- 
 sponsibility, but by steady, prudent, and systematic 
 work it has all been paid except about $900, and the 
 pastor confidently expects to extinguish that in a few 
 months. The priests from Goshen ministering at St. 
 Stephen's were Father O'Callahan, succeeded by 
 Father O'Hare, and lastly. Father Keoghan. In July, 
 1880, the appointment w.is taken from Goshen. War- 
 wick became a separate pastorate, to which Monroe 
 is attached. Rev. Edward J. Byrnes was assigned to 
 the piistoral work here in July, and immediately en- 
 tered upon his duties. The members number about 
 200. The Sunday-school, with two ladies as teachers, 
 and about 50 scholars, is suijcrintended personally by 
 the pastor. Rev. Edward J. Byrnes. 
 
 CALVARY BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 This is located at Warwick village, and is a young 
 and vigorous organization. The church was formed 
 on the 4th of January, 1866, and with only six mem- 
 bers, viz.: Ezra Sanford, Mary E. Van Duzer, Anna 
 E. Peck, Adaline Harrison, Martha Fancher, -and 
 Rev. George F. Love. The movement was under- 
 taken in connection with the preaching of Rev. 
 George F. Love, who became the first pastor, and 
 remained until March 28, 1868. The pulpit was not 
 allowed to remain vacant, but, in anticipation of the 
 close of Mr. Love's services, the church had already 
 engaged (March 11th) Rev. Mr. Dwight Spencer as 
 stated supply, who continued to labor in this capacity 
 for nearly nine months. The Rev. Charles A. Cordo 
 was then settled as pastor, commencing his labors in 
 Warwick June 5, 1869. He remained nearly six 
 years, his services terminating May 2, 1875. The 
 pulpit was supplied by various ministers during the 
 summer. In September Rev. Daniel C. Litchfield 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 595 
 
 accepted a call to this church, and commenced his 
 labors in October. He has remained to the present 
 time, and is just entering upon the sixth year of his 
 pastorate. 
 
 The society for a time worshiped in the public hall 
 of the Van Duzer building, but active measures were 
 taken very soon to erect a house of worship. An eli- 
 gible lot was secured on West Street and the present 
 handsome church erected. The edifice was dedicated 
 Aug. 2(i, 1868. 
 
 The parsonage stands adjacent to the church, on the 
 same lot. The grounds of both are laid out with taste, 
 displaying the effect of careful adornment and culti- 
 yation. Together they constitute a handsome church 
 property. The whole expenditure was about $20,000; 
 and, notwithstanding the reduction in the value of 
 real estate within the last few years, the property is 
 yet valued at §15,000. 
 
 As the result of all these movements by a society 
 so small in numbers, a debt of about $.3,500 remained 
 unpaid tor a few years. The present pastor two years 
 since determined that this ought to be paid and could 
 be paid. By the quiet circulation of a subscription, 
 with no public demonstration, the whole amount was 
 raised in about one week. It was followed by a jubilee- 
 meeting, March 1, 1878. 
 
 An active and vigorous Sunday-school has been 
 maintained from the date of the organization to 
 the present time. The contributions of the church 
 have been unusually large. The congregation raises 
 annually about $1300 for the ordinary current ex- 
 penses. Including the erection of the church and 
 parsonage, this may be stated at an average of $2500 
 a year for the whole fourteen years ; and bringing the 
 statement to an individual basis, it amounts to foriy- 
 two dollars per member each year since 1866. 
 
 The present officers are Rev. D. C. Litchfield, pas- 
 tor ; Isaac N. Baldwin, Charles L. Morehouse, dea- 
 cons ; Ezra Sandford, now in his eighty-sixth year, has 
 also been a deacon in the church from its organization 
 and occasionally officiates at the present time. J. N. 
 Baldwin is the present clerk, and C. A. Crissey treas- 
 urer. The number of communicants at the present 
 tinie is 76. The Sunday-school has 150 volumes in 
 the library, 103 pupils, 18 of whom are members of 
 the church, 8 teachers, and an average attendance of 
 68. 
 
 THE METHODIST CHURCH OF MOUNT BETHEL 
 executed a certificate of incorporation' Aug. 3, 1870. 
 It was signed by Darius P. Merritt and George M. 
 Ackerson, and the tru.stees therein named were Da- 
 rius P. Merritt, Stephen Morse, Melvin R. Green, 
 Wallace P. M. Horton, and Henry Hyatt. 
 
 VIII.— BUKIAL-PL ACES . 
 On the Belden Burt farm is a very ancient burial- 
 ground. There are no monuments with inscriptions 
 to give any clue to the names of those buried there. 
 
 It is, however, a lot'al tradition that this was the early 
 Decker burying-ground. As Lawrence Decker is 
 supposed to have been the earliest settler in this part 
 of Warwick (the deed from Benjamin Aske to him 
 being dated 1719), the fact of burials here by his 
 family is at least probable. The graves are said to 
 be of unusual length, indicating very tall people, and 
 this is further stated to have been characteristic of the 
 early Deckers. 
 
 The burying-ground in connection with the Re- 
 formed Church was in use, it is said, before it was 
 deeded to the church in 1770. Mr. Pelton, before 
 quoted, states that this is shown by stones in the yard. 
 But the earliest dates found by the writer are the fol- 
 lowing: "Hannah, wife of Ebenezer Gregory, died 
 Dec. 21, 1789, aged twenty-two ;" " Anna, wife of Wil- 
 liam Feagles, died July 8, 1771, aged seventy-four;" 
 " Alida Johnson, died July 29, 1777, aged forty-nine ;" 
 "Cornelius Paulding, Jr., died May 17, 1778, aged 
 six years." It is possible that on the sunken field- 
 stones which mark most of the early graves dates 
 might be discovered prior to 1770. It is evident that 
 the early settlers are buried here in large numbers. 
 
 The Florida cemetery is now being laid out with 
 considerable care, drive-ways made and walks estab- 
 lished. The grounds include in part an old burial ■ 
 place, though not dating back to the time of early 
 settlement. There are monuments by the families of 
 Jennings, Houston, Jackson, Lawrence, Shultz, Van- 
 deroef, and Wheeler. In this ground is the Seward 
 vault. LTpon a marble tablet in the front, over the 
 iron door, is the simple inscription, " The family 
 vault of Samuel S. Seward, 1839." 
 
 The cemetery around the Florida First Pre.sbyterian 
 church was doubtless a historical landmark before it 
 was torn to pieces, and its oldest stones removed and 
 lost or miscellaneously piled up. Stones are said to 
 have been taken away that were one hundred and 
 thirteen years old. The destruction of old grave- 
 yards is a serious historical loss, as well as a violation 
 of esthetic taste and precious family traditions. There 
 is land enough for trade and business and churches 
 without building upon the graves of the fathers. 
 There is one stone in the part left erected to the 
 memory of "Maj. John Poppino, who died March 7, 
 1828, aged one hundred and one years and ten months;" 
 another to "William Armstrong, who died March 11, 
 1805, aged eighty-two." 
 
 At Amity is a cemetery securely walled and show- 
 ing considerable care. Without any attempt at 
 elaborate ornamentation, it is yet cleared of rubbish 
 and well mow-ed, giving a chance for a clean grass- 
 sod to form, one of the best methods (where expen- 
 sive plans cannot be carried out) to place an old 
 burial-place in good condition. Thorough clearing 
 out of brush and careful, frequent mowing will give 
 any burial-place a creditable appearance. A portion 
 of this ground contains the early graves, marked only 
 by field-stones, with neither names nor dates. There 
 
596 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 are several monuments of good proportions, and one 
 brick vault covered with a tablet, " Sacred to the 
 memory of Martha, wife of Alexander Denniston." 
 
 THE WARWICK CEMETERY. 
 
 This was founded by an association organized at a 
 meeting held in tlie Wawayanda Hotel, Nov. 27, 1866. 
 Gabriel Wisner was appointed chairman, and Wil- 
 liam D. Irwin secretary. The trustees named were 
 Thomas S. Vandervort, Gabriel Wisner, William D. 
 Irwin, Thomas Welling, Cornelius J. Lazear, Grin- 
 nell Burt, Richard Wisner, George W. Sanford, and 
 Israel Willesdorf. The proceedings were verified by 
 the officers before Mahlon Cooper, notary public, 
 November 28th, and recorded November 29th. 
 
 The association purchased and laid out a tract of 
 rolling upland in the centre of the valley, not far from 
 the village of Warwick. The selection was made with 
 excellent judgment and discriminating taste. There 
 are two distinct elevations, each sloping gently from 
 the higher ground to the lower, and separated by a 
 smooth valley. The rugged features retained in some 
 rural cemeteries of rock and gorge and wild ravine 
 are not found here, and the effect of their absence is 
 on the whole pleasing. Here are none but soft and 
 gentle lines, easy grades, and a smiling landscape, that 
 suggest life and love and beauty and immortality, 
 rather than the harshness, the pallor, and the ruin 
 of death. The contour of the ground was favorable 
 to the artificial arrangements desirable, and those in 
 charge have availed themselves of this feature with 
 excellent success. 
 
 It has many monuments of varied beauty, strength, 
 and symmetry. Among the principal of these may 
 be mentioned those belonging to tlie families of 
 Houston, Fitzgerald, Wright, Burt, Denton, Vande- 
 vort, Mapes, Hawxhurst, Jennings, Bradner, Christie, 
 Quick, Wheeler, Wood, Husted, Baird, Lawrence, 
 Younians, Tliompson, Conklin, Brooks, Runise\', Ser- 
 vin, Forshee, Magie, Sayer, Bennet, Wisner, 81y, San- 
 ford, Jones, Carpenter, Arnout, Lain, Pel ton. Post, 
 Irwin, Lazear, Nanny, Randolph, Ogden, Randall, 
 and Clark. The smaller memorial stones are in good 
 order, and of excellent proportions. 
 
 The president of the association is George Sanford, 
 and the superintendent John Jenkins. Two work- 
 men are constantly employed. 
 
 IX.-SOCIETIES, LIBRARIES, BANKS, INCOR- 
 PORATIONS, Etc. 
 
 WARWICK MASONIC LODGE.* 
 This was established in December, 186.3, its com- 
 plete organization dating from the 1st of January 
 following. The first oflicers were Elisha M. Smith, 
 W. M. ; Benjamin Corwin, S. W. ; Charles W, Doug- 
 lass, J. W. ; Edward T. Gould, S. D. ; Nicholas K. 
 
 * Prior to this was oliJ St. Jolin's Lodge of Warwick, organized March 
 26, 1790. (See General History.) 
 
 Grotty, J. D. ; James D. Roe, Sec. ; Maurice Hoyt, 
 Treas. ; Daniel Dikeman, Tyler. 
 
 The succession of Masters has been Elisha M. 
 Smith, 1864-65; John Cowdrey, 1866-(;8 ; John D. 
 Miller, 1869-70; John Cowdrey, 1871-72; Samuel 
 J. Stewart, 187.3-7-5; John McWillianrv, 1876-77; 
 Theodore H. Cooper, 1878 ; John Sutton, 1879. 
 
 The officers for 1880 are Theodore H. Cooper, W. 
 M.; Alex. G. McAllister, S. W. ; Samuel S. Van 
 Saun, J. W. ; John Sayer, Treas. ; J. E. V. Miller, 
 Sec; John W. Clason, S. D. ; John Carson, J. D. ; 
 George W. Sayer, S. M. C. ; E. S. Colwell, J. M. C. ; 
 John Mabee, Chaplain ; Jolin W. Houston, Marshal ; 
 Norman L. Dill, Tyler. The lodge have a room con- 
 veniently arranged, with good furniture, and are in 
 excellent financial condition, having vested funds to 
 the amount of $5000. 
 
 WAWAYANDA LODGE, No. 34, L 0. 0. F. 
 This was organized at Warwick village in 1867. 
 It was a renewal of the old Goshen charter of very 
 early date, which had been surrendered. Several of 
 the members residing in Warwick, or removing there, 
 desired to organize, and obtained the renewal. The 
 books of the lodge were burned in January, 1879. 
 It is understood, however, that the opening at War- 
 wick was by five members, — Jesse Wood, William 
 Smith, F. J. Haskins, Henry June, and John Mabee; 
 that William R. Wood and John McVey were in- 
 itiated at the first meeting, and that among the first 
 officers were Jesse Wood, N. G. ; William Smith, 
 V. G. ; and William R. Wood, Sec. The lodge has 
 continued in regular work since its formation. It 
 has a vested fund of nearly $2000. The present 
 officers (October, 1880) are A. P. Shaw, N. G. ; L. H. 
 Peiltz, V. G. ; F. Kohberger, R. S. ; Dr. T. V. Roe, 
 P. S. ; Sylvester Case, Treas. ; S. T. Lazear, Chaplain. 
 
 PATRONS OP HUSBANDRY. 
 This order has four granges in the town of War- 
 wick ; they have formed a convenient arrangement 
 for purchasing at wholesale, for consultation over the 
 best method of farming, for mutual help in disposing 
 of the crops raised, and for social enjoyment. The 
 first Master of Warwick Grange, No. 273, was James 
 B. Wood, Jr. His son, Enos S. Wood, was secretary. 
 At the present time John Sutton is the Master, and 
 his daughter, Mrs. William D. Ackerman, is secretary. 
 The other granges are located at Florida, Amity, and 
 Lake Station. The one at Amity established and 
 carries on a creamery. 
 
 WARWICK CORNET BAND. 
 This favorite organization with the citizens of War- 
 wick was formed Dec. 1, 1878, with fifteen members. 
 It has the same number now, and moslly the same 
 individuals. They have a very handsome uniform. 
 Their instruments are of superior make and owned 
 by tlie members, and their uniform is in good taste, 
 not excelled in beauty or quality by any in the county. 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 597 
 
 The instructor of the band is Prof. Isaac Collins, of 
 Newburgh. The leader is James Thorp, and the i 
 secretary and treasurer J. H. Wood. j 
 
 THE TE.MPERAXCE LEAOUE OF WARWICK. 
 
 This association was organized about three years 
 since. Its objects are to develop i)ublic sentiment in 
 favor of temperance, secure the election of commis- 
 sioners of excise opposed to license, and by judicious | 
 action enforce the law as far as possible. It proposes ' 
 to make an annual canvass of the town for the further- 
 ance of these plans. That it has met with a reason- 
 able degree of success is evident from the increased 
 vote in favor of no license. In March, 1879, 750 votes 
 were cast on the excise question, of which 613 were 
 in favor of license, and 137 against. In March, 1880, 
 982 votes were cast on the same question, 597 of which 
 were for license, and 384 against. A majority of 576 
 reduced to 213, and on a largely increased vote, is 
 sufficient encouragement to the society to go forward 
 with its work. Its membership comprises the clergy- ' 
 men of the place and many of the leading business 
 men. Its present officers (October, 1880), are Rev. D.C. 
 Litchfield, president; Rev. William E. Ketchum, I 
 vice-president ;* C. A. Crissey, secretary ; Grier Pier- 1 
 son, treasurer. 
 
 Connected with this society is a glee club, led by 
 E. B. Taylor, adding with its stirring songs and excel- 
 lent music a feature of great interest to the meetings. 
 
 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OF WAR- 
 WICK VILLAGE. 
 
 This is a recent enterprise of a few Christian 
 workers belonging to the various churches. It was 
 organized in December, 1879. Miller's public hall 
 was rented permanently by the association, and a 
 general prayer-meeting established at three o'clock 
 Sunday afternoons. This has been regularly main- 
 tained to the present time, having a large attendance 
 during the winter months, and well sustained through 
 the summer season. No other definite work has yet 
 been undertaken, but steps are being taken to open 
 a public reading-room, and establish a library in con- 
 nection with the same. It is also in contemplation 
 to hold meetings to some extent in neighborhoods 
 not supplied with religious services within a few miles 
 of Warwick village. The present officers (October, 
 1880) are E. S. Col well, president ; Henry P. Demerest, 
 vice-president ; George A. Sanford, secretary ; Rens- 
 selaer J. Wisner, treasurer. 
 
 THE ARMY AND NAVY ASSOCIATION OF VETERANS 
 AT WARWICK. 
 This was organized Jan. 1, 1880, and holds regular 
 meetings on the first Tuesday evening of each month. 
 All honorably discharged Union soldiers or sailors are . 
 entitled to membership. Its objects are mutual aid, 
 social enjoyment, the bringing together of comrades 
 
 * Removrd from town. 
 
 in the late struggle, and the rendering of appropriate 
 honors to the dead. Under the auspices of this asso- 
 ciation decoration services were held the present 
 year. The present officers (October, 1880) are James 
 W. Benedict, Commander ; John W. Houston, Senior 
 Vice-Commander; Norman L. Dill, Junior Vice- 
 Commander ; William B. Van Houten, Adjutant ; 
 James W. Mallery, Quartermaster ; Dr. T. H. Cooper, 
 Surgeon ; Rev. D. C. Litchfield, Chaplain ; William 
 J. Miles, Sentinel. 
 
 THE WARWICK LIBRARY 
 was founded by an association formed Dec. 12, 1814, 
 at the house of Isaac Dolsen. The trustees named 
 in the certificate were William W. Brooks, Job Noble, 
 Rev. John J. Christie, Benjamin S. Hoyt, John W. 
 Smith, Nathaniel Jones, and Robert Crary. A small 
 library was bought, and the books put in circulation. 
 It shows considerable literary taste at that early period 
 that such an attempt was made. It lasted but a few 
 years. The books were scattered, and the "War- 
 wick Library" passed into history. 
 
 THE FRANKLIN LIBRARY 
 was legally organized March 10, 1814, with John M. 
 Satterly as chairman of the meeting. The trustees 
 named in the certificate were Charles Cummins, 
 James Wood, John M. Satterly, Thomas Allison, 
 Thomas Jackson, Benjamin I. Seward, and John J. 
 Wheeler. The paper was verified by the chairman 
 before Judge John Steward, March 19, 1814. This 
 shows something of the literary enterprise at Florida 
 in an early day. 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF WARWICK. 
 This institution was organized in the winter of 1864. 
 The articles of association were approved by the comp- 
 troller of the currency March 14, 1864, and the bank 
 was opened for business April 2d of the same year. 
 The first board of directors consisted of John L. 
 Welling, Samuel C. Welling, F. M. Woodhull, Grin- 
 nell Burt, John Cowdrey, Richard Wisner, C. H. De- 
 merest, George W. Sanford, and James A. Thomp- 
 son. John L. Welling was the first president of the 
 bank. He was succeeded by the present incumbent, 
 C. H. Demerest, Jan. 29, 1878. John Cowdrey was 
 chosen vice-president at the organization, and still 
 holds that office. Mahlon Cooper was the first cashier. 
 He was succeeded by Gabriel S. Holbert, Oct. 22, 
 1864. The present cashier, C. A. Crisses, followed 
 Mr. Holbert, commencing his services Jan. 1,' 1869. 
 The capital of the bank was named at $75,000, but 
 there was so much anxiety to secure the stock (five 
 per cent, premium being oft'ered before going into 
 business) that it was immediately increased to 
 .$100,000. Business was done at first in rooms of the 
 Van Duzer Building. The present, handsome and 
 convenient edifice was erected by the bank in 1868, 
 and occupied in March, 1869. The present board of 
 directors (October, 1880) comprises the following 
 
598 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 names : C. H. Demarest, John L. Welling, Thomas 
 Welling, James C. Sly, P. E. Sanford, G. W. Sanford, 
 Grinnell Burt, John Cowdioy, Richard Wisner. 
 
 WARWICK SAVINGS-BANK. 
 This institution was organized pursuant to the gen- 
 eral act passed May, 1875. The hank opened for 
 business Jan. 1, 187ti, with the following officers and 
 trustees: Thomas Burt, president and treasurer; 
 Thomas G. Pierson, first vice-president; William C. 
 Eager, second vice-president; William J. Sly, William 
 L. Ogden, DeWitt C. Jayne, Samuel Pelton, I. V. 
 Wheeler, Cornelius .T. Lazear, C. H. Wilson, James 
 H. Holly, J. E. Waterbury, James Wisner, A. James 
 Burt, John Ackeriiian, William M. Sanford, Thomas 
 Welling. Thomas Burt was the first president, and 
 was succeeded by James H. Holly, now in office. 
 Thomas Burt has been treasurer from the first, and 
 the general business is transacted by him. The sum 
 on deposit now (October, 1880) is $182,000. This was 
 the first bank organized under the new law of 1875. 
 
 TIIK WARWICK VALLEY FARMERS' MILK ASSOCIA- 
 TION 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation April 1, 1872. 
 The objects were stated to be the following, viz. : " To 
 work up and dispose of a surplus of milk whenever 
 there shall be a flush of milk, or whenever in the 
 opinion of the trustees it shall be for the interest of 
 the association to do so." The corporate stock was 
 fixed at $12,000. The first trustees named were Jesse 
 Holbert, Nicholas N. Ryerson, Isaac V. Wheeler, 
 George W. Sayer, Richard Wisner, Wm. L. Benedict, 
 James Wisner, Alexander H. Galloway. The shares 
 were to be 240, at .i!50 each. 
 
 Of this board, Mr. Isaac V. Wheeler is de^-cased, 
 and Mr. Ryerson retired ; John Vandevort and James 
 Ball were chosen members, and the rest of the boanl 
 remain the same as at the time of the organization. 
 Thomas Welling has been president of the association 
 from the first, and C. H. Demerest also secretai-y and 
 treasurer. The company have a large and convenient 
 building 70 by 40, and thoroughly supplied with the 
 best of modern fixtures and machinery. They ship 
 milk and cream to New York direct, manufacture 
 some butter, but do their largest business in cheese. 
 Their cheese-room, when nearly filled, presents a fine 
 sight. This property was purchased of Thomas Smith, 
 who had been doing busine.ss in the same line for a 
 time. 
 
 THOMAS SMITH'S CREAMERY. 
 
 This is also located at Warwick village, and is an 
 unincorporated private enterprise. It was estab- 
 lished soon after the sale of the other property to the 
 above milk association. The shipment of milk and 
 cream and the manufacture of butter and cheese 
 (mostly the latter) constitute Mr. Smith's business 
 here. The shipments are all to his own New York 
 sales-house, where he is himself located. 
 
 THE PRODUCERS' MILK COMPANY, WARWICK, 
 was formed April 18, 1870. The objects were stated 
 in the certificate as follows : " To purchase, make, 
 manufacture, produce, or vend milk or cream." The 
 capital stock was stated at $25,000, divided into 250 
 shares. The trustees named were Pierson E. San- 
 ford, of Warwick ; David P. Brockway, of New York 
 City ; Charles T. Pegg, of New York City ; and L. H. 
 Sanford, of the town of Warwick. This was mostly 
 a New York business for the sale of dairy produc- 
 tions ; the supplies, however, coming from the vicinity 
 of Warwick, and for various reasons incorporated in 
 Orange County. 
 
 X.— PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEREST OR OF 
 SPECIAL NOTE. 
 
 There are neither battle-grounds nor encampments 
 of armies to be described in connection with the fair 
 valleys of Warwick. Doubtless the Indians loved 
 these haunts, and had their favorite places ; of these 
 little is known save the traditions connected with the 
 Welling farm. There is said to have been an Indian 
 settlement known to the early white men as Mistucky.* 
 There is little romance in the name, but the imagina- 
 tion may invest those now cultivated fields with all 
 the usual tales of aboriginal scenes ; love and war, 
 and council fires, and Indian eloquence may all have 
 combined to render the place classic ground in Indian 
 story. 
 
 CHOUCKHASS HILL. 
 In near connection with this we have the following 
 from the article of Grinnell Burt before quoted : 
 
 " My great-grandfather, Daniel Burt, purchased Borne six hundred acres, 
 extending from the Beardsley purchase up to and inchiding Mistucky, 
 tlien au Indian village. Chouckhass, the ruling chief, was one of the 
 twelve grantors who signed the deed fur the Wawayanda Patent, there 
 lived and died and was buried. Years after, when no trjice was left of 
 the Indiau village, the bones of the old chief were plowed up, and that 
 old patriot. Gen. Hathorn, gave to them a decent sepulture." 
 
 That the Tories in the time of the Revolution had 
 hiding-places in this town and routes of travel through 
 it is also i^robable, yet little or nothing is known con- 
 cerning them. 
 
 When the excavations for the water-works was 
 being made, a skeleton was dug up beside which there 
 were some relics, as knee-buckles and other articles 
 of dress. 
 
 BIRTHPLACE OF WILLIAM H. SEWARD. 
 
 The old residence of Judge Samuel Seward, in which 
 William H. Seward was born, stands upon the east side 
 of Main Street but a few doors north of the old vil- 
 lage church. It is a low, one-story, gambrel-roofed 
 house, and is a dwelling of considerable age, though 
 in good preservation, having been kept neatly painted. 
 It was sold some years ago. It is now owned by Wil- 
 
 * Miskatucky. 
 
WAKWICK. 
 
 599 
 
 Ham E. Mapes, of Goshen, and occupied by tenants. 
 It may easily be identified by strangers visiting Florida, 
 as there is standing near it an American sycamore- 
 tree, a tall, handsome specimen, with variegated trunk 
 and well-balanced symmetrical top. 
 
 XI.— INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. 
 
 The people of Warwick are mostly engaged in ag- 
 riculture. Some of the finest farms in the county are 
 to be found in this town. The valley of the War- 
 wick Creek and the lower slopes of the adjacent hills 
 are fertile, yielding abundant rewards in return for 
 diligent cultivation. The farmers are evidently en- 
 terprising, taking a just pride in their occupation ; 
 there is a neatness of cultivation, a general air of 
 thrift and energy displayed in good fences, conveni- 
 ent and spacious farm buildings, and improved stock, 
 all of which is exceedingly commendable, and rarely 
 surpassed in the county or even in the State. In the 
 ^Vestern portion of the town are the celebrated 
 Drowned Lauds, of rich, deep soil, and so productive 
 that it is no wonder immigrants were attracted there 
 long before the Kevolutionary war. Great attention 
 has been given to the county fairs by the farmers of 
 AVarwick ; the recent one of 1880, held at Warwick 
 village, equaling any of its long list of predecessors 
 in the interest shown and in the variety and abund- 
 ance of the exhibits. 
 
 The manufacture of butter, once so celebrated as to 
 have given " Orange County butter" a national rep- 
 utation, has given way as in other parts of the county 
 to direct shipments of milk. The amounts leaving 
 their various depots every afternoon and evening are 
 simply enormous. 
 
 XII.-MILITABY. 
 The town of Warwick was not organized until after 
 the close of the Revolutionary war. There was, how- i 
 ever, quite a thorough settlement of this territory as a [ 
 part of (xoshen Precinct for many years previous. The 
 accounts given and the papers embodied under the 
 head of Early Settlement show a population of such 
 numbers as to have furnished many participants in 
 that great struggle for Independence. Their names 
 are found in the military rolls elsewhere given, and 
 in the general chapters upon Revolutionary times. 
 It may be repeated here, however, that Col. Hathorn's 
 regiment, members of which, as well as himself, were 
 conspicuous in the battle of Minisink, had its head- 
 quarters in Warwick village. For local movements in 
 the war of 1812 reference is also made to the General 
 History. 
 
 WAR OF I S61-65.— OFFICIAL ACTION. 
 At a special town-meeting held at the house of 
 Thomas S. DeKay, Aug. 8, 18t)4, resolutions were 
 adopted providing for a tax sufficient to pay $500 
 bounty to each volunteer for three years, $450 for 
 two years, and $400 for one year. The same sum was 
 
 voted to any citizen who should furnish a substitute 
 towards filling the quota of the town. 
 
 A committee of three was appointed to issue bonds 
 in the name of the town for the purpose of raising 
 the money ; to sell said bonds at any price they may 
 be able to negotiate them, not below par, and to pay 
 out the money so obtained to volunteers. The com- 
 mittee were William H. Houston, Grinnell Burt, and 
 William D. Irwin. Further powers were granted to 
 the committee to employ, if necessary, a town agent, 
 and to pay $25 hand-money for each recruit obtained 
 to fill the quota. 
 
 Sept. 1, 1864, another special town-meeting was 
 held at the house of E. M. Smith. An appropria- 
 tion of $100,000 was voted for the purpose of paying 
 bounties. The proceedings of the first meeting were 
 to a certain extent repealed, but the same committee 
 was continued and the same bounties authorized. 
 
 Another special town-meeting was held Dec. 22, 
 1864, at which an appropriation of $100,000 was 
 again voted for the payment of bounties. The com- 
 mittee appointed were William H. Houston, John M. 
 Bradner, William D. Irwin, and they were fully au- 
 thorized to take all necessary steps to raise the money, 
 pay the bounties, and fill the quota. 
 
 The list annexed has been prepared from the 
 printed muster-in rolls of the State, and from the 
 record in the office of the town clerk, supplemented 
 by inquiries of those who were in the service: 
 
 Lewis Asbley, (Jo. C, 176th ; enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; died of fever May 11, 
 
 1863, at TigerviUe, near New Orleana. 
 Cornelius Allison, Co D, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; died Dec. 10, 1862, 
 
 of typlioiii fever, at Baltimore. 
 John Henry Ackerman, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; disch.Juue 
 
 2, 1805; died since the war. 
 Charles H. Acker, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. for disability. 
 Edmund F. Allen, Corp., Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Martin S. Ackerman, Co. E, H. Art. ; enl. Jan. 20, 1864 ; captured at Deep 
 
 Bottom, and died in AndersonviUe prison. 
 Joseph Ashley, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 20, 1862; disch. June 26, 1865. 
 Lewis D. Adams, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1802 ; disch. August, 1865. 
 George Ackerson, 57th ; enl. Jan. 27, 1865. 
 John Allen, naval service. 
 James H. BcrUiolf, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; died of typhoid fever 
 
 at Fahuoutli, Va., Dec. 8, 1862, and buried there. 
 James M. Bontain, ord. sergt. ; enl. Aug. 8, 1861; disch. for disability 
 
 May 1, 1S64 ; re-eul. in New Jersey Cavalry. 
 John H. Butler, 7th Art. ; enl. Jan. 23, 1864 ; wounded June 16, 1864. 
 Charles Brown, enl. Jjin. 9, 18G3; disch. July, 1865; wounded at the 
 
 battle of North Anna. 
 Joseph S. Brooks, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; killed at the battle 
 
 of Chancel lorsville. 
 Edward J. Blake, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; sick in hospital part 
 
 of the time; disch. June, 1865. 
 Charles H. Bull, Corp., Co. B, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; disch. June, 1866 ; 
 
 wounded 
 Ilairison Hull, coi'p., Co. B, 124th; enl. August, 1862; wounded in the 
 
 Wilderness; disch. June, 1865. 
 Milton Bucaunon, enl. Aug. 29, 1864 ; served in New York harbor; disch. 
 
 June, 1865. 
 David Barrett, Jr., Co. II, 124th. 
 
 James Bucannon, 15th Cavalry ; enl. 1863 ; disch. July 21, 1865. 
 Charles K. Baird, 7th ; enl. April, 1861 ; disch. August, 1861. 
 David D. Barrett, Co. D, 124th ; cnl. Jan. 26, 1863 ; killed at Spott- 
 
 sylvania. 
 George R. Brown, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Aug. 1, 1861. 
 Sidney D. Bertholf, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; died of typhoid fever 
 
 Jan. 31, 18G2, on board of boat going to Baltimore. 
 
600 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 George Babcock, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1802. 
 
 David Babcock, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; disch. June, 1865. 
 
 Daniel Babcock, Co. B, 124th; enl. 1S02. 
 
 Davitl P. Ballard, Co. B, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 
 Theodore Babcock, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Sept. 22, 1862. 
 
 Jerome Babcock, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Oct. 30, 1862 ; taken prisoner and died 
 
 in rebel hands. 
 James W. Benedict, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Sept. 5, 1862; capt. ; wounded in 
 
 the battle of the Wilderness. 
 Francis A. Benedict, Corp., Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; killed at 
 
 ChaDcellorsville and buried on the battle-tield. 
 Gillian Bertholf, Co. D, I24th; enl. Aug. 11,1862. 
 William L. Becraft, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; wounded at Chan- 
 
 cellorsville. 
 Charles C. Benedict, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; died at Warwick, 
 
 of typhoid fever, Nov. 2, 1862. 
 E. Morris Bahrman, Corp., Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 7, '62; disch. June, '65. 
 Anthony Bush, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. 
 Isaac J. Babcock, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. 
 Edward Burns, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. 
 Thomas Bonter, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. 
 James Brown, naval service; enl. Aug. 24, 1864. 
 Judson Beach, naval service. 
 William Brown, naval service. 
 John Burns, naval service. 
 
 Horace Bertholf, naval service ; enl. Oct. 7, 1863. 
 Charles Bertholf, naval service; enl. Oct. 7, 1863. 
 Samuel Berbers, 56lh ; enl. Aug. 13, 1861. 
 Edward Bronson, Co. D, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 Edward Barnes, 64tli ; enl. Oct. 8, 18M. 
 Morris Benedict, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. 
 Joseph Benjamin, 20th V. S. C. T. ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 Elisha B. Benjamin, Co. B, 124th; killed in action. 
 Matthew Babcock, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Jan. 12, 1864. 
 Charles Babcock, Co. D, 124th; enl. Jan. 19, 1864. 
 Volney Benjamin, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. 
 
 Joel H. Brown, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864 ; died in the service. 
 John Bush, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. 
 Otto Bittmann, Co. I, 64th ; enl. Feb. 2, 1865. 
 George T. Burns, 176th ; enl. March 6, 1865. 
 Jonathan Bickhart, enl. Oct. 5, 1863. 
 Paul Baure, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. 
 Samuel Bollet, enl. Jan. 23, 1806. 
 Charles Bush, enl. Jan. 30, 1865. 
 James Benson, naval service. 
 George Bolton, 5tli Cavalry; enl. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 Abram T. Brown, 5th Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864; taken prisoner before 
 
 Richmond, and died in rebel hands. 
 Alfred Brown, lOOth ; enl. Sept. 5, 1862. 
 David Boweu, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 Francis Brock, 124th ; enl. Sept 5, 1862. 
 James Brady, naval service. 
 George M. Barker, 7th Art.; enl. Jan. 7, 1864; wounded at Spottsyl- 
 
 vania; disch. Aug. 7, 1865. 
 Joseph Benjamin, Co. D, 56th ; enl. 1861. 
 Wells Benjamin, Co. D, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 Peter Byrnes, Co. D, 124lh. 
 Charles Bartleson, Co. D, 124th. 
 Albert Bigler, Co. D, 124th ; wounded April 6, 1865. 
 Peter Byrne, Co. D, 124th. 
 
 David Conklin, Co. M, l.'.th Art. ; enl. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 James J. Cox, sergt., Co. D, 56th; enl. Aug. 1, 1861 ; pro. lieut. 
 David Carr, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Sept. 12, 1862. 
 Martin C. Conklin, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Sept. 29, 1862. 
 Moses S. Clark, Co. B, 124tli ; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 James H. Clark, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; wounded in the Wilder- 
 ness; disch. June 15, 1805. 
 John K. Clark, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; wounded at ChaDcel- 
 lorsville. 
 Peter Conklin, Corp., Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; wounded at ChaD- 
 cellorsville; disch. Oct. 20, 1864, for disability. 
 Henry P. Corey, Co. G, 56th ; enl. .\pril, 1861 ; disch. disabled, February, 
 
 1862 ; re-enl. Dec. 18, 1863, Co. B, 124th ; disch. May 4, 1865. 
 James A. Carr, Co. G, 56th ; enl. May 1, 1861. 
 George Culver^ Co. B, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 Jacob Cronk, 7th Art. ; enl. Dec. 18, 1863. 
 William Cronk, 7th Art. ; enl. Dec. 26, 1663. 
 
 William Conklin, 15th Art. ; enl. Dec. 30, 1863. 
 
 Martin V. Campbell, Co. D, 1241h : enl. Jan, 4, 1864. 
 
 David Conklin, 16tli Art.; enl. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 
 Thomas Collis, ir.tli Art. ; enl. Jan. 25, 1864. 
 
 James Cannon, 48th ; enl. Sept. 9, 1864. 
 
 Patrick Connelly, 4Sth ; enl. Sept. 9, 1864 ; trans, to 124th. 
 
 Thomas Collins, Co. D, 124th. 
 
 Albert P. Cronk, 106th ; enl. Sept. 10, 1864. 
 
 Thomas Culliu, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. 
 
 Wm. Conlet, Co. D, 124th ; enl. .Sept. 12, 1864. 
 
 .John S. Conklin, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. 
 
 John Crossley, 106tli ; enl. Feb. 8, 1865. 
 
 Henry 0. Covert, 56th ; enl. March 8, 1865. 
 
 John H. Cronk, enl. March 8, 1865. 
 
 James Cropley, enl. Jan. 23, 1866. 
 
 Thomas Cane, enl. Feb. 5, 1866. 
 
 John Chaplan, enl. Aug. 20, 1864. 
 
 Harrison Cooper, naval service. 
 
 Richard Callahan, enl. Aug. 15, 1804. 
 
 John Cowdrey, Jr., 1st sergt., Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; 
 
 typhoid fever at Falmouth, Va., June 9, 1863. 
 Joel Cole, 166th ; enl. Sept. 10, 1862 ; died in Louisiana, Jan. 20, 1863. 
 Abram Conklin, enl. October, 1804. 
 
 David Curry, Co. D, 124th ; enl. August, 1802 ; wounded at Gettysburg. 
 Nathaniel Conklin, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1864. 
 John Carey, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1864. 
 
 Dr. Theodore H. Cooper, asst. surg. ; enl. 1863 ; appointed to the 93d, but 
 was trans, to Light Artillery and served with various brigades; 
 disch. April, 1804. 
 Robert Gmnelly, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1802. 
 
 Wm. H. Callister, Co. D, 124th; enl. 1862; wounded at Beverly Ford. 
 Joseph Durland, Co. M, 16th Art.; enl. Jan. 18, 1864. 
 Wm. Doland, Co. M, 1.6lh Art.; enl. .Ian. 26, 1864. 
 
 Erastus Dill, Co. D, 56tl] ; enl. Aug. 1, 1861 ; disch. for disability in 1862; 
 re-enl. Sept. 21, 1864, Co. D, 124 lli ; disch. June 16, 1866 ; died since. 
 Henry Dolsen, Co. D, 66th ; enl. Sept. 10, 1861. 
 Joseph Davey, Co. A, 124Hi ; enl. Aug. 0, 1862; pro. to corp.J wounded 
 
 at Cbancellol-sville; disch. June 26, 1865. 
 Norman I. Decker, Jr., musician, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Sept. 27, 1862 ; disch. 
 
 in 1863. 
 Wm.Dolsen, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; disch. for disability ; re-enl. 
 
 in 7th Artillery. 
 John Degraw (3d), Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. May 22. 1866; 
 
 wounded at Gettysburg. 
 Peter DcKay, 5th Art. ; enl. Aug. 24, 1864 ; disch. July 6, 1865. 
 Norman L. Dill, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; trans, to V. R. C. Sept. 
 3, 1863 ; pro. to ord. sergt. ; disch. July 20, 1865 ; wounded at Chan- 
 cellorsville. 
 ■George Davis. Co. D, 124th ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864 ; disch. June 18, 1866. 
 Wm. H. Dill, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; pro. to sergt., 2d lieut., 1st 
 
 lieut., capt, and major U. S. C. T. ; wounded in the Wilderness. 
 Theodore Dill, Co. A, 6l8t; enl. Aug. 9, 1864; died in Staunton Hospital, 
 
 Feb. 24, 1865. 
 Oscar Dolsen, 7th Art.; enl. Dec. 26, 1863; disch. Aug. 1, 1865; killed 
 
 since the war b.v an accident in a well. 
 Wm. Douglass, 106th ; enl. Feb. 10, 1865. 
 Martin Dowling, lOCth ; enl. Feb. 11, 1865. 
 Christopher Dedeiick, enl. Aug. 1, 1864. 
 Alfred Decker, enl. Oct. 17, 1863. 
 George Di.\on, enl. Aug. 21, 1864. 
 John Davis, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. 
 Thomas Daniels, naval service. 
 Henry Doland, 5th Cavalry; enl. Aug. 24, 1864. 
 Daniel Devow, 1st Eng. ; enl. Oct. 8, 1861. 
 William Duval, 1st Eng.; enl Sept. 14, 1861. 
 John W. Duval, 5th Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 John W. Devow, enl. Jan. 4, 1863. 
 
 Isaac Devow, 1st Cavalry; enl. Sept. 13, 1864; disch. July 5, 1865. 
 Jesseniah Dolsen, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1802 ; wounded in the Wil- 
 derness; died May 18, 1864, from the effects of the wound. 
 George W. Decker, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; taken prisoner at 
 Chanceltorsville ; paroled May 5, 1863 ; exchanged ; wounded in the 
 Wilderness; disch. June 25, 1805. 
 John C. Degraw, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1862; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg, and also May 12, 1864 ; disch. in 1865. 
 Daniel P. Dugan. Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; wouDded in the Wil- 
 derness twice ; disch. July 18, 1806. 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 601 
 
 Garret Decker, Jr., Co. D. 124tli ; enl. December, 1864; twice wounded 
 
 in tlie Wilderness; disch. June, lS6o. 
 Clmrles W. Davis, Co, D, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; discli. June 2, 1865. 
 James J. Decker, 15tb New Jersey; enl. Aug 25, 18B2 ; wounded on 
 
 picket duty. 
 John W. Decker, Co. E, 10th; enl. Sept. 4, 1863; wounded near Peters- 
 burg; disch. June, 18G5. 
 Alfred Decker, Co. B, 30th ; eul. June 1, 1861 ; disch. for disability July 
 
 16,1863; re-enl. in 4Sth; disch. Sept. 1, 186.i. 
 Robert Decker, Co. I, 66th; enl. May, 1861; wounded at Fair Oaks; 
 
 discli.; re-enl. Oct. 8, 1863; wounded again ; disch. Sept. 20, 1864. 
 John M. Decker, 20th ; enl. September, 1862 ; pro. to sergt. ; disch. Au- 
 gust, 186.5, 
 James H. Dubois, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. 
 
 James Dunn, Ist Eng. ; enl. Sept. 1, 1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 25, 1864. 
 Jeremiah Dailey, Co. D, 124th; enl. Sept. 3, 1864. 
 Patiick Donahue, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. 
 
 David Dowling, 1st Erjg. ; enl. Sept. 12, 1864 ; disch. July 4, 1865. 
 Wni. Deiow, 1st Cavalry ; enl. Sept. 13, 1864 ; disch. July 4, 1865. 
 Thomas Deface, 26th ; enl. Sept. 6, 1864. 
 Charles Dowling, naval service. 
 Joiiu Downes, enl. Aug. 10, 1864. 
 
 Amos Delong, Co. D, 124th; enl. 1864; wounded April 6, 18G5. 
 John Degraw, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 
 Norman L. Dill, Co. D, 124th : eul. 1862 ; wounded at Cliancelloraville. 
 William Dolsen, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 
 William Edsall, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Sept. 3, 18G4 ; disch. June 14, 1865. 
 Daniel M. Ellis, 15th Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 21, 1864. 
 Frederick W. Ellen, 7th Artillery ; enl. Jan. 21, 1864. 
 Edward Earl, Co. D, I24tli ; enl. Sept. 5, 1864. 
 William Elliott, 25th Cavalry; enl. Sept. 9, 1864. 
 John Edwards, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 23, 1862 ; wounded at Mine Run, 
 
 and died in hospital at Washington, D. C. 
 James Edwards, Jr., 5tli Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 1, 1863. 
 George W. Edwards, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 George R. Ford, Jr., Co. D, 56th ; enl. Aug. 1, 1801. 
 Thomas Farrall, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Aug. 1, 1861 ; killed at the battle of 
 
 Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 
 Thomas French, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Aug. 1, 1861. 
 
 Wni. R. Flagler, 56th ; enl. September, 1861; pro. to corp. and 1st lieut. 
 Abrani C. Forshee, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; wounded at Chau- 
 
 cellorsville ; pro. to corp. ; disch. June 25, 1865 ; died since the war. 
 Edward Fitzgerald, Co. D, 66th ; enl. Sept. 9, 1864; disch. July 3, 1865. 
 Geo. W. Fitzgerald, Co. D, 561b ; enl. Sept. 9, 1864; disch. July 3, 1865. 
 Wm. Fern, enl. May 2, 1801 ; disch. for disability in 1863. 
 diaries H. Fowler, Co. B, IDtli ; enl. June 5, 1861 ; disch. October, 1861 ; 
 
 re-enl. in Ist Bat.; died at home March 30, 1863. 
 Levi D. Fowler, Co. D, 124th; enl. Dec. 24, 1863; pro. to Corp.; disch. 
 
 June 29, 1865. 
 Chas. A. Foster, Co. L, 2d Art. ; enl. Aug. 28, 1864 ; disch. Aug. 9, 1865. 
 John Freeman, 20tli U. S. C. T. ; enl. Jan. 2, 1864. 
 Charles C. Fullertou, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. 
 Wni. E. Force, 143d; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. 
 Julius A. Freeman, 106th ; enl. Sept. 13, 1864. 
 Samuel F. Frederick, 124th; enl. Sept. 15, 1864. 
 John F. Falvey, 106th ; enl. Sept. 16, 1864. 
 Sapia Frazier, enl. Sept. 5, 18f>4. 
 Wm. Frazier, eul. Aug. 16, 1804. 
 James Ferner, 6tli Cavalry; enl. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 Charles Ferner, 5th Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 
 James Green, Jr., Co. D, 50th; enl. Aug. 1, 1861 ; disch. October, 1802. 
 Simeon Garrison, Co. B, 124tli; enl. Jan. 4, 1864; wounded at Spottayl- 
 
 \'auia. 
 Thouiuii J. Garrahty, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 15, 1864. 
 David Garrison, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Sept. 22, 1862; disch. February, 1804. 
 John JI. Garrison, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Sept. 22, 1862 ; wounded at Chan- 
 
 cellorsville. 
 Thos. Garrison, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Oct. 14, 1862 ; diach. September, 1864. 
 Alfred Gray, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 12, 1862; disch. Feb. 4, 1863 ; died 
 
 in Warwick, Jan. 29, 1865. 
 John S. Gray, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 5, 1862; died near Waahington, 
 
 June 10, 1864. 
 Benjamin Gray, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; disch. in 1865. 
 Thomas H. Grifflths, Co. L, 7th Art. ; enl. Jan. 1, 1863 ; supposed to have 
 
 died in Andersonville prison. 
 John Gannon, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; wounded at Gettysburg; 
 
 died since the war. 
 39 
 
 Solomon Gannon, Jr., 7th Art. ; enl. Dec. 21, 1863. 
 
 James N. Gaul, 2Gth Heavy Art. ; enl. Jan. 3, 1863 ; disch. Sept. 10, 1865 ; 
 
 died three days after returning home. 
 Thomas Gaul, 20tli U. S. C. T. ; enl. Dec. 24, 1863 ; died of fever at Port 
 
 Hudson. 
 Benjamin F. Gowne, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Edward A. Grace, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864. 
 Peter Gannon, Ist Eng. ; enl. Sept. 13, 1804. 
 Charles F. Gifford, oOtli Eng. ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864. 
 Frank Gardner, 106th ; enl. Feb. 8, 1865. 
 Wm. H. Green, 1st Eng. ; eul. March 8, 1865. 
 James Gray, enl. Oct. 23, 1865. 
 Charies Green, enl. Oct. 19, 1863. 
 Charles Gaulden, enl. Jan. 26, 1865. 
 Cjesar Grumbler, enl. Aug. 24, 1864. 
 David Green, enl. Aug. 27, 1804. 
 Israel Gellanl, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. 
 Henry Gavitt, enl. in naval service. 
 John Gumthell, naval service; enl. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 Stephen W. Garrison, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 I^aac Garrison, Co D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; died in the service. 
 Samuel Green, Co. B, 124th ; eul. Sept. 13, 1864 ; disch. July 4, 1865. 
 Alvin Green, 124th; enl. Sept 13, 1864. 
 
 Robert W. Gardner, Co. B, 124th ; enl. August, 1862; died near Wash- 
 ington. 
 Samuel W. Garrison, Co. D, 124th ; enl. September, 1862 ; wounded in the 
 
 Wilderness. 
 Charles Gordon, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1864. 
 
 Wm. H. Gordon, Co. D, 124th; enl. 1864; wounded May 12, 1864. 
 Charies Hollenbeck, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Aug. 4, 1861. 
 Charles B. Hazen, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862. 
 Wm. H. Hazen, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; pro. to sergt. for bravery 
 
 at Chancellorsvitle. 
 Jesse Hunter, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; wounded in the Wilder- 
 ness; disch. June 2, 1865. 
 Wm. H. Holbert, Co. C, 176th; enl. Sept. 29, 1862. 
 Benjamin Halstead, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Oct. 31, 1862. 
 Cart G. Hoffman, Co. D, 124tb ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Spottsyl- 
 
 vania. May 12, 1804; disch. May 8, 1865. 
 Hiram G. Herrick, sergt., Co. D, 124th ; eul. Aug. 6, 1862 ; disch. May 
 
 23, 1863. 
 Ebenezer Hazen, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; pro. to Corp., sergt., 
 
 and 1st lieut. ; wounded at Boynton Roads ; disch. June 6, 1865. 
 Thomas M. Hyatt, Corp., Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. June 
 
 6, 1865. 
 Ezra Hyatt, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 10, 1802; pro. to Corp.; wounded at 
 
 Gettysburg ; disch. July 14, 1865. 
 Peter D. Howell, Co. D, 124tli ; enl. Jan. 2, 1864 ; disch. June 8, 1865. 
 John Hall, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; died June 14, 1863. 
 Samuel Hall, Co. E, 66th ; enl. Oct. 15, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 15, 1864. 
 Henry H. Hyatt, Co. D, 124th; enl. .\ug 7, 1862; pro. to Corp.; disch. 
 
 May, 1866 ; wounded at Beverly Ford. 
 Wm. E. Hyatt, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862; pro. Corp.; killed in 
 
 the battle of the Wilderness and buried on the field. 
 John L. Horton, Co. C, 176th; enl. Dec. 11,1862; wounded at Fronsh 
 
 Crossing, La.; disch. Feb. 16, 1865. 
 Joseph Herman, Co. D, 124tli ; enl. Jan. 12, 1864 ; disch. June 2, 1865. 
 Wm. Nelson Hyatt, Co. M, 16th Cavalry; enl. Aug. 28,1863; died of 
 
 disease May 30, 1865. 
 Nathan Hunt, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 : disch. June 30, 1865. 
 Charies D. House, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Dec. 27, 1863. 
 George W. Harrison, 20th U. S. C. T.; enl. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 George L. Howard, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 31, 1864. 
 James Halsey, Co. K, 124th: enl. Sept. 3, 1864. 
 John Hidelbnrgh, 7th ; enl. Sept. 6, 1864. 
 Henry Houston, 124th ; enl. Sept. 10, 1864. 
 Edward Hughes, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. 
 James Holland, 1st Cavalry ; enl. Sept. 15, 1804. 
 Wm. Hunter, 100th; enl. Feb. 16, 1865. 
 James Horton, 56th ; enl. 1861. 
 John Henry, enl. Oct. 28, 1863. 
 Otto Hitchell, enl. Aug. 22, 1864. 
 Richard Hooley, eul. Jan. 27, 1865. 
 James W. Halsey, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. 
 Thomas G. Holmes, Co. D, 124th. 
 Dennis Horton, enl. Aug. 24, 1864. 
 George Haywood, enl. Aug. 20, 1864. 
 
602 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 John Hurley, enl. July 3(1, 1864. 
 
 ThoniHB Haines, uaval service. 
 
 Isaac C. Hiclfs, naval service, ship "Penobscot;" enl. Oct. 7,1863; disch. 
 Feb. 2, 1865. 
 
 John W. Houston, capt., Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1862 ; wounded twice ; disch. 
 Aug. H, 1864. 
 
 Orlando A. Humphrey, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; wounded at 
 Cliaucellorsville, May 3, 1863; disch. for wounds. 
 
 Cornelius Ilolbcrt, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862. 
 
 Gilbert S. Howard, Co. D, 124th; enl. 1862. 
 
 Henry Hubbard, 176th. 
 
 Thomas Horton, Slitli ; enl. 1861. 
 
 Thomas G. Holmes, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1864. 
 
 Emmet M. Irwin, Corp., Co. C, 2d; enl. April 22, 1861; disch. May 1, 
 1864 ; died since the war from wounds. 
 
 James G. Irwin, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; pro. ord.-sergt.; 
 disch, Sept. 1, 1864. 
 
 Joseph D. Jackson, Co. D, IStli ; enl. April 27, 1861 : disch. May, 1863; 
 re-enl. Co. K, 124tll, Sept. 8, 1864; discb. June 2, 1865. 
 
 James E. Jenkinsou, Co. G, 56tli; enl. March 1, 1864. 
 
 Thomas Jackson, 20th U. S. C. T. ; enl. Jan. 2, 1864. 
 
 John Johnson, Co. D, 124th. 
 
 James Johnson, 2ilth U. S. C. T.; enl. Jan. 2, 1864. 
 
 John Joyce, 2oth Cavalry ; enl. Sept. 9, 1864. 
 
 Benjaniiri Jay Cox, enl. Oct. 30, 1863. 
 
 Martin Johnson, en). July 5, 1864. 
 
 Scipio Jenkins, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. 
 
 Charles Jones. Engineers; enl. Sept. 20, 1864. 
 
 Oliver Y. Jackson, Co. D, 176th; enl. Sept. 20, 1862; taken prisoner, pa- 
 roled; discb. Feb. 1.5, 1864. 
 
 Wakenian Jolinson, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; died in the service 
 or soon after discharge. 
 
 Robert Henry Kelly, 74tli; enl. Aug 8, 1861; wounded in the Wilder- 
 ness ; disch. August, 1864. 
 
 Andrew Kniffin, SCtli ; enl. Sept. 14, 1862; taken prisoner;- supposed 
 to have died soon iiftor being paroled. 
 
 Kobert Higgins Kelly, Co. A, 174th ; enl. Sept. 29,1862; wounded at 
 Port Hudson; disch. July 17, 186u. 
 
 Andrew J. Knilttn, 176th ; enl. 1862; taken prisoner; paroled; died soon 
 after at New Orleans. 
 
 John Kelly, 56th ; enl. Aug. 31, 1864. 
 
 Samuel Kniffln, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 
 James Kelly, 124th ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864. 
 
 George T. Kemble, 16th Art.; enl. March 8, 1865. 
 
 Wm. Keller, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. 
 
 Ferdinand Koehler, enl. Nov. 10, 1863. 
 
 Henry King, drummer, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Aug. 1, 1861. 
 
 Charles Koch, enl. Jan. 20, 1865. 
 
 Andrew Kelly, enl. Jan. 27, 1865. 
 
 Michael Kenny, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. 
 
 Michael Kennedy, naval service. 
 
 Michael Keogh, naval service. 
 
 John E. Kerble, naval service. 
 
 Lawrence Kierner, naval service. 
 
 Frank Kelly, enl. Aug. 10, 1864. 
 
 Patrick Kelly, enl. Aug. 15, 1.S64. 
 
 Charles A. King, uaval service; enl. Oct. 7, 1863; disch. Feb. 2, 1865. 
 
 George B. Kinney, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg ; disch. Feb. 15, 1864. 
 
 Wm. H. Luckey, Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 13,1862; disch. Sept. 8, 1863. 
 
 James E. Luckey, Co. D, 176th; enl. Sept. 20,1862; pro. sergt.; died 
 Aug. 25, 1864, at New Orleans; had served in the 56th previously. 
 
 Robert C. Leeper, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 5, 1852. 
 
 Isaac S. Luckey, o6th : enl. 1861. 
 
 Samuel Lozier, 15th Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 21, 1864. 
 
 James Lewis, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Jan. 15, 1664. 
 
 Edward Lawrence, 106th; enl. Sept. 13, 1864. 
 
 William Lee, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. 
 
 John Lappin, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. 
 
 Sylvester Lacey, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. 
 
 George Lloyd, enl. July 15, 1864. 
 
 Richard Lastree, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. 
 
 Thomas Lockwood, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. 
 
 Thomas Laybrook, enl. Sept. 28, 1864. 
 
 Lewis Lee, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. 
 
 Peter Leonard, naval service. 
 
 John Lander, naval service; enl. Aug. 16, 1864. 
 
 Rensselaer Lamoreux, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug, 9, 1862; disch. June 6, 
 
 1865. 
 Oliver C. Lewis, 5tli Cavalry ; enl. Aug. 28, 1864 ; disch. in 1803 ; died in 
 
 1864. 
 Edward H. Lewis, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 
 John W. Leeper, Co. D, 124th; enl. 1862; killed at Gettysburg. 
 James Marsden, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Aug. 1, 1861. 
 Patrick Mulligan, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Aug. 2, 1861. 
 W. DeWilt Jlillspaugh, Jr., Corp., Co. B, 124th : enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Peter B. Monell. 48th ; enl. Sept. 13, 1861 ; re-enl. 
 William McGarrah, Co. D. 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 12, 1864 ; 
 
 wounded at Chancellorsville. 
 William M. Mann, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. June 2, 1865. 
 James II. McElroy, musician, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 7, 1862; disch. Feb. 
 
 23, 1863. 
 Thomas G. Mabee, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; pro. to sergt. and 2d 
 
 lieut. ; wounded in the Wilderness; disch. June 2, 1865. 
 William J. Miles, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Cold Hai^ 
 
 bor ; disch. June 8, 1865. 
 Joel McCann, Co. D, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellors- 
 ville; disch. June, 1865. 
 Robert B. McGullie, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Aug. 10, 1861; pro. Corp.; killed 
 
 at the battle of Fair Oaks. 
 William McGufiie, Co. K, 35th ; enl. Sept. 20, 1864; disch. May, 1865. 
 Coleman Morris, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 24, 1862; pro. corp. ; wounded 
 
 at Chancellorsville; disch. June 1, 1865. 
 William E. Mapes, 2d lieut. ; pro. capt. Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; 
 
 lost right leg; disch. Dec. 19, 1864. 
 Abram S. Miller, Co. D, 50th; enl. May, 1864. 
 Isaac Mason, Co. C, 14th Rhode Island ; enl. September, 1863 ; died May 
 
 10, 1864, in Texas. 
 Archibald Minnia, Co. C, 176th; enl. August, 1862; wounded; disch. 
 
 Feb. 15, 1864. 
 Owen McCabe, enl. December, 1863; disch. Aug. 20, 1865. 
 Win. H. Morgan, 124th ; enl. Dec. 21, 1863; wounded at Spottsylvania. 
 Wm. E. Merritt, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Dec. 30, 1863. 
 Michael McNorris, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 Wm. Monroe, Co. D, 124th. 
 John Morgan, Co. D, 124th; enl. Jan. 12, 1864. 
 Johnson Monroe, Co. D, 124th. 
 Hezekiah Montross, Co. D, 124th; enl. Jan. 12, 1864. 
 Charles Morgan, Co. D, 124th. 
 Hugh McGurdy, Co. D, 124tb ; enl. Jan. 12, 1864. 
 James Morrison, 7th Art ; enl. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 Wm. Margison. 16th ; enl. Jan. 26, 1864. 
 Thoujas Morgan, 124tb ; enl. Feb. 10, 1864. 
 Isaac Blillspaugh,56th; enl. Sept. 3, 1864. 
 Martin McKinney, Co. K, 124th; enl. Sept. 3, 1864. 
 George W. Mulligan, 20th ; enl. Sept. 6, 1864. 
 James McCabe, 25th Cavalry ; enl. Sept. 9, 1864. 
 Thomas McGuire, 48th ; enl. Sept. 9, 1864. 
 George Milo, enl. Sept. 9, 1864. 
 Samuel McWilliams, 106th; enl. Sept. 12, 1864. 
 James S. Martin, 106th ; enl. Sept. 13, 1864. 
 Ross Milligan, lOOtli ; enl. Feb. 26, 1866. 
 Joseph Martin, Ifitli Art.; enl. March 8, 1865. 
 Wm. Miller, enl. Aug. 13, 1864. 
 Patrick Mongey, enl. Aug. 22, 1864. 
 Frederick Myer, ehl. Aug. 22, 1864. 
 Simon IMadigan, enl, Feb. 26, 1866. 
 Wm. Milligan, onl. Oct. 8, 1863. 
 Jacob W. May, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. 
 Quabney Middloton, enl. Oct. 1, 1864. 
 Frank Middleton, enl. Oct. 1, 1864. 
 John N. Meagher, naval service. 
 Anthony Meagiier, naval service. 
 James McLaren, naval service. 
 Wm. McCarthy, naval service. 
 Patrick Mullin, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. 
 Hiram Mann, 56tli ; enl. September, 1861. 
 
 Michael McDonald, enl. June 13, 1863 ; disch. September, 1866. 
 Martin Mulvehill, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 M. McMorris, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1862 ; wounded in the Wilderness ; died 
 
 in the service. 
 Hugh McShane, Co. B, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 A. J. Messenger, Co. B, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 J. J. Messenger, Co. B, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 603 
 
 John Nenkirk, Co. F, 124th ; enl. July 29, 1862; disch. June, 1865. 
 
 Jacob Newall, Co. C, 176th ; ciil. Sept. 11, 1802. 
 
 Philip Nonis, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. 
 
 William Nevin, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Sept. 13, 1864. 
 
 George Newell, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. 
 
 Peter Nelson, naval service. 
 
 Andrew Nester, enl. Aug. 15. 1864 ; naval service. 
 
 George Osborn, enl. Sept. .'j, 1864. 
 
 John C. Orrae, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. 
 
 Wm. Oliver, enl. Aug. 24, 1864. 
 
 George Odell, Co. D, 124th : enl. August, 1862. 
 
 Oliver Odell, 0th Cavalry; enl. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 
 John Odoll, 50th ; enl. July 29, 1861. 
 
 James Odell, 50th ; enl. August, 1861. 
 
 Miles Odell, 50th ; enl. Aug. 10, 1801. 
 
 Thomas P. Powell, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; died at City Point, 
 
 Va., Nov. 29, 1864, of smallpo.\. 
 James L. Pembleton, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1S62; killed at battle 
 
 of Gettysburg. 
 Joseph B. Prince, Co. D, 26th ; enl. Jan. 2, 1864 ; disch. Sept. 18, 1865. 
 Henry J. Powell, 15th Art.; enl. Dec.21, 1863. 
 James H. Paddock, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Jan. 14, 1804. 
 Robert Pattei-son, enl. Jan. 26, 1864. 
 Edward A. Patterson, enl. Teh. 8, 1864. 
 Henry C. Packard, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. 
 James Patterson, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Sept. 10, 1864. 
 James Plant, 124lh ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864. 
 Thomas Phillips, enl. Oct. 23, 1863. 
 James Pilcher, enl. Aug. 11, 1864. 
 James Pairlo, enl. Aug. 22, 1864. 
 James H. Polly, naval service. 
 Samuel Pifer, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. 
 Gideon H. Pelton, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 20, 1862 ; pro. corp. ; wounded 
 
 at Gettysburg; disch. Jan. 30, 1805 ; died since the war. 
 Philip P. Pitts, enl. November, 1863. 
 Henry P. Peck. 
 
 Daniel P. Payne, Co, D, 124th ; enl. 1862 ; wounded in the Wilderness. 
 Sylvester Qnackenbush, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Dec. 24, 1863. 
 Jonas F. Qnackenbush, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; wounded at Chan- 
 
 cellorsville; disch. Sept. 6, 1863. 
 Henry S. Quackenbush, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; disch. June 2, 
 
 1865; died since the war. 
 Joseph Quackenbush, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Dec. 23, 1863 ; wounded at 
 
 Spottsylvauia ; disch. June 29, 1805. 
 Richard Quackenbush, Co, D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; disch. Aug. 28, 
 
 1863 ; died since the war. 
 William F. Quackenbush, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1861 ; pro. Corp. ; 
 
 sergt. ; disch. June 17, 1865. 
 Patrick Kooney, Co. M, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 28, 1864. 
 Chaxles M. Riker, Co. D, 50th ; enl. Aug. 1, 1861 ; re-enl. March, 1864, 
 
 same regiment. 
 Charles E, Koyce, Co, D, 56th ; enl. Sept. 5, 1861. 
 Eobert R. Ryerson, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Oct. 13,1862; died in New Orleans, 
 
 Oct, 17, 1863. 
 Edward Royce, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; wounded; disch. June, 
 
 1865. 
 John Raymond, Co, D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; wounded at Beverly 
 
 Ford; disch. June 22, 1865. 
 John Ryerson, 124th; enl. Jan. 4, 1864; captured before Richmond; 
 
 supposed to have died in rebel hands. 
 John N, Rose, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. U, 1862; disch. April, 1863, for 
 
 disability. 
 Joseph B, Roy, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug, 8, 1863 ; died July 14, 1864, at 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 James Kyei-son, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Dec. 14, 1863; died in the service. 
 Edward F. Ryerson, 7th Art. ; enl. Dec. 20, 1863. 
 Wm. Rouke, Co. D, 124th. 
 Josephus Rose, 124th; enl. Aug. 31, 1864. 
 Robert Rowland, enl, Sept. 3, 1864. 
 Charles Rogers, 16th Art. ; enl. March 5, 1865. 
 James Robbins, enl. Aug. 15, 1864. 
 Peter Rooney, enl. Aug. 23, 1S64. 
 Jacob Riley, enl. Dec. 23, 1864. 
 John Riley, enl, Feb. 1, 1805, 
 Julius Robbins, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. 
 John Robinson, enl, Aug. 3, 1864. 
 Wm. Riley, enl. Aug. 10, 1864. 
 
 Henry Riley, enl. Aug. 13, 1864. 
 
 Richard Romine, enl. Aug. 13, 1802. 
 
 Charles Royce, 56th ; enl. 1861, 
 
 George T. Riley, enl. Aug. 1, 1801; wounded at Williamsburg; died 
 
 May 11, 1862. 
 David F, Raymond, Co. D, 124th; enl, Aug. 1, 1862; wounded at Chan- 
 
 cellorsviUe ; died since the war. 
 Wesley Storms, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 20, 1862. 
 Benjamin Sprague, Co. C, 170th ; enl, Sept. 22, 1862. 
 Thomas S. Storms, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg, and discharged. 
 Nathaniel Smith, Co. D, 176th; enl. Sept. 20, 1862. 
 John L. Springer, 168tli ; enl. Sept. 26, 1863 ; discharged in 18IJ4. 
 David T. Sayer, C", D, 124th ; enl. Jan. 1, 1863; discharged July, 1865. 
 Daniel Sayer, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1862; pro, capt, ; wounded at 
 
 Chancellorsville ; disch. June 16, 1865 ; died since the war. 
 Wm, S. Sayer, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Sept. 9, 1861 ; pro. Corp., sergt., 2d lieut., 
 
 and 1st lieut. 
 Wm, Staller. Co. C, 15th ; enl, Dec, 31, 1863 ; disch. June 5, 1865. 
 Norman A. sly, Co. D, 124th ; enl, Aug. 9, 1862; pro. 2d and 1st lieut.; 
 
 disch, July 2, 180,', ; wounded in the Wilderness. 
 George Shawcross, Co. IJ, VJ^Ith ; enl. August, 1862 ; killed in the battle 
 
 of Cliancellorsville. 
 Nathaniel Smith, Co. D, ITl. h ; enl. Sept, 20, 1862 ; disch, Dec. 9,1864. 
 Francis Sears, Corp., ('■■. H, li.oth ; enl. Sept, 15, 1862 ; discli. Feb. 8,1864. 
 Peter F. Staller, Co, K, l24th ; im,I. Sept. 2, 1862; disch. February, 1863; 
 
 re-enl. Co. H, 41st, Ocl.iber, 1803; disch. April 15, 1864. 
 Dnljois Swazey, Co. D, 50tli ; enl. Aug. 15, 1861 ; disch., and re-enl. Feb. 20, 
 
 18ii4, ill the same regiment. 
 Josiah Sniitli, Co, B, 124th; enl. Dec, 30, 1863; discb. July 14, 1865. 
 Isaac C, Shiner, Cki. D, 56th ; enl, September, 1861 ; re-enl. March, 1864, 
 
 in the same regiment. 
 Lewis Strnni:, Co. F, 14th Rhode Island ; enl. October, 1862. 
 George K, Storms, Co. D, 124th : enl. Dec. 14, 1863. 
 John Scofield, Co. D, 124tll ; enl. Dec. 29, 1863. 
 John G. Sprague, enl, Sept. 3, 1864. 
 Lawrence 0, Sullivan, 25tli Cavalry; enl. Sept. 9,1864. 
 George Springsted, enl. Sept. 9, 1864, 
 Samuel Springer, enl. Sept, 12, 1854, 
 James Swan, 16th Art. ; enl. March 8, 1865. 
 Andrew L. Smith, enl. Nov, 10, 1863, 
 I Charles E, Scott, enl. July 0, 1864. 
 James Simpson, 50tb; enl. July 15, 1864. 
 Melchoir Schndell, enl. Aug. 18, 1864. 
 Wm. Smith, enl. Aug. 15, 1864, 
 James Shannon, enl. Jan, 23, 1865, 
 John .Shields, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. 
 Josiah Shannon, enl. Oct. 1, 1864. 
 Benjamin Simmons, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 Edward Smith, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 William Seldeu, enl. Aug. 19, 1804. 
 Daniel Smith, enl. Aug. 22, 1864. 
 Isaac Singleton, enl. Aug. 23, 1864. 
 Augustus Stewart, enl. Sept. 24, 1804. 
 Almond P. Sherman, Co. D, 124th. 
 James Sullivan, naval service. 
 David D, Sayer, Co, D, 124th, 
 Charles Sever, naval service; enl, Aug. 8, 1804. 
 John C, Storms, Co, B, 124th; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 James H. Storms, enl. Dec. 26, 1803 ; killed at Cold Harbor, June 4, 1864. 
 Benjamin Sprague, Co. C, 106th; enl. Sept. 3, 1862; disch. March 28, 
 
 1864. 
 Nelson Speer, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 18, 1862; disch, Jan, 12, 1863. 
 David Staller, 5th ; enl. Aug. 22, 1861. 
 Daniel Stevens, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 
 Harrison Storms, Co. B, 124lh ; enl. August, 1862; killed at Gettysburg. 
 Charles Storms, Co. E, 17th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Charles F. Santer, 56th ; enl, March 8, 1805. 
 A, P, Sherman, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 Timothy Shea, 15th Art, ; enl. Feb. 4, 1864. 
 John \V. Smith, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug, 11, 1862, 
 Thurlow Weed Seward, Co. K, 44th ; enl. September, 1861. 
 James Taylor, Co. M, 15th Art. ; enl. Jan. 20, 1864. 
 John Thompson, Corp., Co. D. 50th; enl. Aug. 1, 1861. 
 Charles W. Thompson, acting surg., 56th ; enl. February, 1861. 
 Wm, A, Trainer, Co. D, 124th. 
 Wm. Thorp, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Jan. 12, 1864. 
 
604 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Wni. H.Tomer, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9,1862; wounded at Cliancellors- 
 
 ville; disch. July, 1865. 
 Heurj- O. Tiderback, 7th Art.; enl. Jan. 11, 1864. 
 John Taylor, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 Louis Towning, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 .John A. Travis, Co. D, 124th; died in the service. 
 Henry S. Utter, Co. B, 124tli ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864. 
 \Vm. B. Van Houten, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; pro. to sergt., 1st 
 
 lieut., and adjt. ; disch. Jan. 24, 1865. . 
 James L. Van Bramer, 7th Art.; enl. Aug. 26, 1863; a prisoner at An- 
 
 dersonville for some mouths ; paroled ; disch. May 20, 1865. 
 James H. Vail, Co. G, I66th; enl. August, 1862. 
 Stephen E. Valentine, Co. D, 124th; enl. Dec. 26, 1863. 
 John Van Houten, Co. D, 124th; enl. Dec. 24, 1863. 
 James Virgil, enl. Aug. 24, 1864. 
 Samuel Voorhie. 
 
 John L. Westlake, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Sept. 19, 1862. 
 
 Nicholas E. Williams, Co. F, 7th ; enl. Jan. 6, 1864 ; disch. June 17, 1865. 
 John B. Weymer, Co. D, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; a prisoner some 
 
 months; disch. June 6, 1865. 
 Oscar S. "Weymer, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Dec. 2, 1863; wounded at Spottsyl- 
 
 vnaia; disch. May 27, 1865. 
 Thomas Wilson, Co. 1, 26th ; enl. Dec. 19, 1863 ; disch. Sept. 6. 1865. 
 Zopher Wilson, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862; killed at Chancellors- 
 
 ville. 
 Samuel M. Wliedon, musician, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; disch. 
 
 June 18, 1865. 
 James Withersnooks, 7th Art.; enl. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 William Wright, Co. D, 124th; enl. 1862. 
 Benj. C. Wilkinson, 2d Mounted Rifles ; enl. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 Wm. Wright {2d), Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 Israel Wood, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Sept. 3, 1864. 
 Joseph Wood, Co. D, 124th; enl. 1S62. 
 Ceorge Williams, enl. Sept. 9, 1804. 
 Wm. West, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. 
 John H. Williams, 104th ; enl. Sept. 15, 1864. 
 John Winter, 106th; enl. Feb. 9, 1865. 
 Michael Welch, Co. D, 124th ; enl. 1864. 
 Owen Welch, enl. Oct. 31, 1863. 
 Martin Williams, enl. Oct. 29, 1863. 
 James Welch, enl. Jan. 6, 1865. 
 George Williams, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. 
 Henry W. Wade. enl. Oct. 8, 1863. 
 George W. Wadleigh, enl. in naval service. 
 John W'ilson, enl. in naval service. 
 Joseph White, enl. in naval service. 
 
 Samuel L. Williams, enl. Aug. 22, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 5, 1865. 
 Francis M. Werner, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; disch. Jan. 12, 1863. 
 Wm. B. Wood, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Dec. 18, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 15, 1864. 
 Joseph J. Teomans, Co. D, 124th; enl. 1864. 
 Kiddy York, enl. Sejit. 16, 1S64. 
 
 Alfred Teomans, Co. B, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; died in the service. 
 Frank Zandenbergh, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 EZRA SANFORD. 
 The progenitor of the Sanford family living in War- 
 wick is believed to have been Thomas de Sandford, 
 one of the companions in arms of William the Con- 
 queror in 1066. He obtained, for meritorious con- 
 duct, a grant of the lands in Salop County, England. 
 The family are at present represented on English soil 
 by Thomas Heigh Sandford, who inherited the origi- 
 nal manor of Sandford, in Shropshire, England. The 
 name is spelled by various branches of the family 
 Sanford, Samford, and Sandford, though the Warwick 
 descendants have retained the former orthography. 
 The escutcheon of the family is a shield divided per 
 
 chevron, sable and ermine fields, with three boars' 
 heads couped close supra ; crest, a boar's head; motto, 
 Nee temere, nee tiunde. From the year 1066 to 1550 
 the chain of descent is broken. During the latter 
 year was born Thomas Sanford, of Shropshire, Eng- 
 land, who died leaving a son Thomas, born in 1631, 
 who emigrated from England to Dorchester, Mass., 
 and had six children, among whom was a son, 
 Samuel, who removed from Dorchester to Milford, 
 Mass. To him was born a son, Samuel, who made 
 Newtown, Conn., his home, and was the parent of 
 twelve children. Among his sons were Ebenezer and 
 David, the latter of whom was born in 1711, and died 
 in 1767. He was the earliest representative of the 
 family in Warwick, whence he removed from New- 
 town. David Sanford had sons, — David, John, Eph- 
 raim, and Ezra, the latter of whom was born in War- 
 wick in 1747, and died in 1822. He was united in 
 marriage to Ann Hopper, and had children, — Pa- 
 tience, Matthew, Olive, Olive (2d), Ann, Esther, 
 Hannah, Mary, Ezra, and Dorcas. Of this number, 
 Ezra, who is the subject of this biography, was born 
 Nov. 11, 1703, in Warwick, where his life has been 
 spent. His educational advantages were limited to 
 instruction at the public school of the neighborhood, 
 after which his early life was devoted to labor upon 
 the farm of his father, having during this period 
 served in the war of 1812, for which he now draws a 
 pension. He was married, Oct. 29, 1814, to Miss Ade- 
 line Terry, who died Aug. 13, 1875, after a married 
 life embracing sixty-one years. The children of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Sanford were Uriah T., Hester Ann, George 
 W., George W. (2d), Mary E., William M., Julia, 
 Pierson E., Abigail, and Emily, nine of whom grew 
 to mature years. 
 
 Mr. Sanford has been during his life a man of re- 
 markable energy and activity. To these qualities 
 may be added that of self-reliance and a keen intui- 
 tion, which has enabled him to improve the oppor- 
 tunities offered during his busy life and acquire a 
 competence for his advancing years. He has been 
 chiefly engaged in agricultural and milling pursuits, 
 and rarely participated in the excitements incident to 
 public life. In a quiet manner, and with promptness 
 and fidelity, he has availed himself of his franchise,^ 
 the badge of American citizenship, — and has failed 
 but once to cast his ballot since he attained his ma- 
 jority. Mr. Sanford has been one of the directors of 
 the Chester National Bank since its organization. 
 He assisted in the construction of the Warwick Val- 
 ley Railroad, and is also a director of that corpora- 
 tion. Both Mr. and Jlrs. Sanford were members of 
 the Warwick Baptist Church, the former having 
 contributed largely towards its construction. Mr. 
 Sanford in his declining years is cheered by the pres- 
 ence of both children and grandchildren, who vie 
 with each other in evidences of filial devotion. It is 
 but one among the many manifestations of the har- 
 mony which characterizes this happy family circle. 
 
SSSL^ SAHF®IEBc 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 605 
 
 ^^/M/n^ 
 
 <iA^nA/n 
 
 ity^^^/'e^y* 
 
 BENJAMIN SAYER. 
 
 The ancestors of Benjamin Sayer, three brothers, 
 came from England to this country during its early 
 settlement. Two of them located in the Eajstern 
 States and the other on Long Island. The Sears of 
 Boston, as also the late Robert Sears, the historian, of 
 New York, belonged to the former branch, while those 
 in Orange County were descendants of the Long Island 
 portion of the family. The latter variously spelled 
 their names Sayer, Sayre, and Sayrs. 
 
 Daniel Sayer, the father of Benjamin, on removing 
 to Warwick, located on a farm midway between that 
 village and Bellvale. He first occupied a log house 
 near the mountain-brook at that place, but about the 
 time of the Revolution erected the present stone house 
 known as the Sayer homestead. During the struggle 
 for independence his warmest sympathies were with 
 his country's cause, and his services were called for 
 to help rid the neighborhood of Tories and robbers. 
 In April, 1777, he was one of a company of scouts, 
 commanded by Maj. Henry Wisner, who captured a 
 party of thirteen Tories in the passes of the Monroe 
 mountains, while on their way to New York to join 
 the British. On another occasion he went with a com- 
 pany of home-guards, under Lieut. James Burt, and, 
 assisted by a company of Continental troops, they 
 came upon a band of Tory robbers in the Warwick 
 Mountains, shooting six of them. He was also one 
 of those brave volunteers who guarded Kamapo Pass 
 from the incursions of the enemy during the Revolu- 
 tion. 
 
 There were three log houses built near by the Sayer 
 homestead, one stronger than the others, where the 
 women of the vicinity assembled for greater safety 
 during the absence of the men, as in those days In- 
 dians and marauders were often troublesome. Farther 
 up the mountain-brook were three other families, by 
 name Hump, Bump, and Ketcham. Three lots on 
 one of the Sayer farms still retain these names. 
 
 Daniel Sayer married Lydia Burt, daughter of Dan- 
 iel, and sister of Hon. James Burt. The descendants 
 of Mrs. Daniel Burt at the time of her death, in 1810, 
 at the age of ninety-four years, numbered no less than 
 five hundred and twenty-four pers(ms. 
 
 Benjamin Sayer was the youngest of nine children, 
 four girls and five boys, composing the family of his 
 parents, and was born April 29, 1791, in the old stone 
 house in Warwick, where he was reared and where he 
 died. He largely inherited his mother's temperament 
 and character. She was said to have been a remark- 
 able woman, of noble presence, full of energy, and 
 unfaltering in her devotion to her family and in the 
 performance of her varied duties. She died when 
 Benjamin was only five years old, and he seldom men- 
 tioned his mother without tears filling his eyes, for he 
 felt that had she lived his youth would have been beset 
 with fewer difliculties. 
 
 Benjamin only attended school in his early days 
 long enough to get a knowledge of the common rudi- 
 ments of an education, yet throughout his life he 
 never failed to familiarize himself with the current 
 events of the day, to the study of which he ever brought 
 
606 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 a practical common sense. He always took a great in- 
 terest in public affairs, both local and general, and, 
 owing to an unusually correct judgment, seldom failed 
 to espouse the right side on almost every question. 
 
 In the war of 1812, when volunteers were called for, 
 he obeyed the first tap of the drum, and was the fore- 
 most man to respond to his country's call. A few 
 others followed his lead, but failing to secure enough 
 to meet the required quota, were disbanded and a draft 
 ordered. He was not among those drafted. During 
 the late Rebellion he frequently said, if it were not 
 for his partial lameness, he felt like shouldering his 
 musket and marching to fight for the support of the 
 Union, despite his years. 
 
 He was married Dec. 6, 1817, at the age of twenty- 
 six years, to Rebecca Forshee, whose parents lived on 
 an adjoining farm, and together they reared a family 
 of eight children, whose names, in the order of their 
 birth, are as follows: John L., William E., Mary E. 
 (who married Benjamin C. Burt), Hannah (married 
 Thomas Burt), Lydia (married John W. Hasbrouck), 
 Ann Eliza, Daniel F., and Sarah C. (married Darius 
 Fancher). All but Mary and Daniel are still living. 
 Ann Eliza lived with her father at the homestead until 
 his death, and contributes to his memory this likeness 
 and sketch. Rebecca Forshee was a woman of rare 
 personal beauty, virtue, and piety. She died in 1858, 
 after a married life of over forty years. 
 
 Benjamin Sayer was remarkably successful in life, 
 and by industry and economy, added to excellent 
 judgment and foresight, succeeded in acquiring a 
 handsome competency, yet be was charitable and 
 hospitable in an eminent degree. His house was a 
 great resort, where all were alike welcome ; and until 
 " tramps" became dangerous and aggressive, no one 
 was ever turned from his door who asked for food or 
 lodging. A bed was always set aside for the poorest, 
 as well as accommodations for the more favored of 
 God's children. He inherited his farm from his 
 father, but had to pay legacies to nearly its full value 
 to his brothers and sisters. For many years he strug- 
 gled hard to succeed, and said he sometimes came 
 near giving up and hiring out at day's work ; but 
 pride, energy, and determination conquered, and at 
 the time of his death he owned not only that but 
 several other farms, together with a liberal property 
 beside. 
 
 He never cared for or sought office, though he filled 
 most acceptably several minor positions and trusts 
 in his native town. Benjamin Sayer, indeed, was a 
 man among men, — six feet tall, erect, and finely pro- 
 portioned. Independent in thought, full of activity 
 and energy, honest and upright in all his dealings, 
 he won, as well as retained, the confidence and esteem 
 of all who knew him. 
 
 In a note written by him and found after his death 
 he thus describes how he earned the first money he 
 ever possessed, and which, in fact, was the foundation 
 of his after-fortune: 
 
 " When a boy ten or twelve years of age, my brother 
 Joseph and I took a spear and went to my meadow- 
 brook to catch a mess of suckers. It was then a noted 
 stream for these fish. We had two dogs, and soon they 
 left for Mr. Burt's swamp, where we heard them bark- 
 ing, and started to see what caused it. AVe found they 
 had treed some large animal, and brother sent me up 
 the tree to punch it out with the spear. As I ap- 
 proached it, it looked so savage I told brother I was 
 afraid to go nearer, but he ordered me to keep my 
 spear ahead and go on, which I did, and it jumped 
 out of the tree and the dogs run it up another tree, 
 and brother made me climb and punch it out again. 
 As I climbed towards it its eyes looked like fire-balls. 
 It again jumped out of the tree, and the dogs and 
 brother killed it. We skinned it, and we sold the skin 
 in Warwick for five shillings. They said it was a large 
 wildcat, but the fur was getting poor, it was so late in 
 the season. I got for my share two shillings and six- 
 pence in silver. I have never been so rich since as I 
 felt then. I must look at my money every day to be 
 sure that it was there and all mine. If the chance 
 had offered again at that time, I would have climbed 
 almost any tree in our forest for a like prize." 
 
 The first work he ever did for wages was to hew 
 timber for the Old-School Baptist church in Warwick, 
 working from daylight until dark, being allowed fifty 
 cents per day to pay his father's subscription towards 
 the erection of the church. Before he died he said 
 he was the last man living who had labored on the 
 erection of the church. Mr. Sayer died Oct. 6, 1874, 
 aged eighty-three years. 
 
 EDWARD L. WELLING. 
 
 The Welling family, as already mentioned, are of 
 Welsh lineage, and on their arrival in America re- 
 paired to Long Island. Among its early members 
 was Thomas, who during the year 1770, as indicated 
 by old deeds now in possession of the family, became 
 a resident of Orange County, where he was the owner 
 of an extensive and valuable tract of land. His 
 children were Thomas, Richard, and John, and three 
 daughters, who became respectively Mrs. Gen. John 
 Hathorn, Mrs. John Wheeler, and Mrs. Bronson. Of 
 these children, Thomas was born Feb. 9, 1759, and 
 was married Feb. 28, 1782, to Miss Sibble Beardsley, 
 to whom the following children were born : Anna, 
 Charles, Thomas, Edward L., John, Hannah, Lois, 
 Elizabeth, and Lois (2d). 
 
 This sketch affords a brief review of the life of 
 Edward L., whose birth occurred April 23, 1788, at 
 the family mansion in Warwick, where his early 
 life was passed. After a period spent at the public 
 school of the neighborhood and a few years devoted 
 to the labors of the farm, he became associated with 
 Dr. Young in commercial pursuits at Edenville. 
 Having soon after, in connection with his brother 
 Thomas, inherited the paternal estate, he became 
 
/S) 
 
UC-us:Z(^Z''^ 
 
J^^f^y^cy? /}luJ\- — - 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 607 
 
 from that date one of the enterprising farmers of 
 Warwick. Though eminently successful in his voca- 
 tion, the public spirit and ambition of Mr. Welling 
 led him to embark upon the less tranquil waters of 
 offici.il life. He was for successive years chosen as 
 supervisor of the township, was for twenty-six years 
 justice of the peace, and was in 1837 elected sheriff of 
 Orange County, which office he filled at a subsequent 
 date a second term. 
 
 Mr. Welling was at the time of his death president 
 of the Chester Bank, and also a director of the Orange 
 County Bank of Goshen. His acknowledged probity 
 of character and excellent judgment rendered his 
 services as arbiter in the adjustment of estates in 
 great demand, and led to his appointment by the 
 Governor as commissioner for the settlement of pub- 
 lic claims. He was also active in the military opera- 
 tions of the State, having held a lieutenant's commis- 
 sion in the war of 1812, and at the close of the conflict 
 retained his rank in the standing; army then main- 
 tained by the State. Though not a member, Mr. Wel- 
 ling was a faithful supporter of the Reformed (Dutch) 
 Church, and a liberal contributor towards the erec- 
 tion of the church edifice and parsonage. The death 
 of Edward L. Welling occurred Jan. 2, 185.'), in his 
 sixty-seventh year. His public spirit and liberality 
 caused him to be highly esteemed as a citizen, while 
 his genial qualities of mind and heart rendered the 
 loss a personal one to each member of his family 
 circle. 
 
 JEFFREY WISNER. 
 A comprehensive sketch of the Wisner family and 
 its earlier representatives having been given else- 
 where in this work, renders its repetition here un- 
 necessary. Jeffrey Wisner traces his descent from 
 Johannes, the progenitor of the family in America, 
 who was the father of Hendrick, whose son John 
 was the parent of Henry, born in 1742, and mar- 
 ried to Susanna, daughter of Richard Goldsmith. 
 He became the father of ten children, among whom 
 was Jeffrey, the subject of this biography. The latter 
 was born April 20, 1779, and after limited advan- 
 tages at the public school of the neighborhood en- 
 gaged in farming occupations. He was united in 
 marriage, Oct. 18, 1792, to Miss Hannah Wheeler, 
 who was the mother of the following children : 
 Henry, born Feb. 28, 1799 ; John W., born Sept. 10, 
 1801; Harriet (Mrs. Philander Gillett), born April 
 27, 1804 ; William H., whose birth occurred Oct. 6, 
 1806 ; and Sarah A. (Mrs. Hammond Sly), born Sept. 
 23, 1814. Mrs. Wisner died in 1814, and Mr. Wisner 
 was a second time married, in 1816, to Miss Elizabeth 
 Armstrong, whose children were Jeffrey A., born 
 March 28, 1817; Gabriel, born Oct. 16, 1818; 
 Rensselaer J., born March 2, 1820; James, born 
 March 17, 1822; Richard, born Feb. 4, 1824; J. 
 Amherst, whose birth occurred Oct. 18, 1827; Mary 
 E. (Mrs. Wm. T. Van Deeveer), born June 3, 
 
 1830 ; and Vanness, born Aug. 15, 1832. Of these 
 children, J. Amherst resides in Brooklyn, and is 
 engaged in mercantile interests in New York City. 
 Rensselaer J. is a resident of Pittston, Pa., and James 
 and Richard are among the representative citizens of 
 Warwick, their native township. Jeflrey Wisner's 
 death occurred April 11, 1855, while his wife Eliz- 
 abeth survived until Dec. 23, 1868. 
 
 Mr. Wisner was a man of marked influence in the 
 community. Endowed with an excellent understand- 
 ing, great force of character, and remarkable energy, 
 he exerted a salutary influence both in the home 
 circle and in the larger sphere of public life. He 
 represented the township as supervisor during the 
 years 1812-13, 1819-23, and for sucessive years 
 served as justice of the peace. Both of these respon- 
 sible offices were filled by him with signal ability and 
 fidelity. In his religious convictions Mr. Wisner 
 espoused the creed of the Baptist Church, and was for 
 many years, and at the time of his death, a 
 member and deacon of the church, at Warwick. He 
 lived his religion in daily life, following both the 
 letter and spirit of tlie injunction, "Whatsoever ye 
 would that men should do unto you, do ye even so 
 unto them." 
 
 JAMES BURT. 
 The Burts are of English lineage, though the exact 
 period of their emigration to the colonies cannot be 
 determined. Daniel Burt, with his wife Hannah, be- 
 came permanent residents of Warwick township 
 during the year 1760. Their children were ten in 
 number, among whom was James, who, by his mar- 
 riage to Abigail Cos, in 1783, became the fiither of 
 four sons and two daughters. He resided upon the 
 Burt homestead, now in possession of his son James, 
 whose birth occurred March 9, 1798, at the ancestral 
 home, the scene of the employments of his lifetime. 
 His early years were spent in labor upon the farm, 
 after having acquired such advantages of education 
 as were aflTorded by the district schools of the day. 
 He resided at his father's home, assisted in tilling 
 the soil, and eventually came into possession of the 
 property. Mr. Burt was married, Dec. 25, 1828, to 
 Mrs. Mary Harding, daughter of Charles Gillett. To 
 them five children were born, — Peter, Sarah, Abigail, 
 Thomas, and Lydia, of whom the daughters survive. 
 The death of Mrs. Burt occurred July 16, 1865. 
 Her exemplary life as wife and mother causes her 
 memory to be held in profound veneration by the 
 family. Mr. Burt, though a resident of the country 
 and absorbed in farming pursuits, has found time to 
 devote to public interests. He has cast his ballot 
 with unfailing regularity since his twenty-first birth- 
 day, with the exception of the present year. He has 
 filled the offices of supervisor and justice of the peace, 
 having been always a firm Whig or an active Repub 
 lican. He has been honored for twenty-six years 
 with the presidency of the Chester National Bank, 
 
608 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 and has been present at all the meetings of the board 
 of directors during that period. His religious affilia- 
 tions are with the Baptist Church, of which he is a 
 regular supporter. Though debarred by the infirmi- 
 ties of advancing years from active participation in 
 the duties of life, Mr. Burt displays the same lively 
 interest in the busy world which was peculiar to his 
 more vigorous days, still manifesting that untiring 
 energy which is a marked feature of his character. 
 
 GABRIEL WISNER. 
 About the year 1713, Johannes Wisner, with his 
 wife and one son, emigrated from Switzerland, the 
 land of their nativity, to the then undeveloped forests 
 of America, and settled upon Long Island. Their 
 children were five in number, — Hendrick, Adam, 
 Catherine, Ann, and Mary. Hendrick, who survived 
 until the year 1790, was united in marriage to a Miss 
 Shaw, of New England, and became the father of 
 three children, — Henry, John, and a daughter. Henry 
 participated actively in the public aflairs of the day, 
 and was honored as one of the representatives in the 
 Continental Congress. John was a commissioned 
 officer during the French war, and also during the 
 war of the Revolution. He was the proprietor of a 
 tract of land embracing 2000 acres, conferred by royal 
 patent, a portion of which is embraced in the present 
 estate of Thomas E. Durland, formerly the Wisner 
 homestead. John Wisner, whose death occurred in 
 1778, left seven children, — John, Henry, William, 
 Asa, Anna, Charity, and Hannah. Henry, the second 
 son, who was the grandfather of the subject of this 
 biography, was a member of the State Legislature, 
 representing Duchess, Orange, and Ulster Counties 
 from 1776 to 1782. His birth occurred in 1742, and 
 by his marriage to Miss Susanna, daughter of Richard 
 Goldsmith, he became the parent of the following 
 children : Richard, Susanna, Jeffrey, John, Nancy, 
 Henry, Abigail, Mary, William and Gabriel. Of 
 this number, Jeffrey was born April 20, 1779, and 
 married Hannah Wheeler, Oct. 18, 1792, to whom 
 were born five children, — Henry, John, Harriet, 
 William, and Sarah A. He contracted a second 
 marriage, Jan. 27, 1816, with Elizabeth Armstrong, 
 who was the mother of eight children, — Jeffrey, Ga- 
 briel, Rensselaer J., James, Richard, J. Amherst, 
 Vanness, and Mary. The birth of Gabriel, the second 
 son, occurred Oct. 16, 1818, at the homestead in 
 Warwick township. His childhood was spent in 
 attendance uj)on the public schools of the neighbor- 
 hood, and a later period was passed at a school in 
 Newton, N. J., which enabled him to acquire a more 
 thorough knowledge of the English rudiments. He 
 early decided to follow the vocation of his father, 
 and in 1843 removed to a farm adjoining his home, 
 his residence until his death, Jan. 13, 1872. On 
 Feb. 2, 1843, Mr. Wisner was married to Miss Susan, 
 daughter of Solomon Carpenter, of Amity, Orange 
 
 Co., N. Y. Their children are Henry C, Rensselaer 
 J., Albert, Mary E., Susan E., Carrie, Ida, and James 
 H. Mr. Wisner was a firm exponent of the princi- 
 ples of the Whig party, which had been espoused 
 through successive generations of the family, and 
 which later led to his affiliation with the Republican 
 party. Though a man of much public spirit and 
 active in many enterprises which redounded to the 
 welfare of the community, he was not ambitious for 
 public honors, and found little pleasure in the excite- 
 ment incident to official life. Both Mr. and Mrs. 
 Wisner were members of the Calvary Baptist Church 
 of Warwick, and zealous in the promotion of its inter- 
 ests. In all the relations of life Gabriel Wisner may 
 justly be regarded as an honorable and representative 
 citizen of his native tdwnship. 
 
 MAJ. JAMES WHEELER. 
 The branch of the Wheeler family represented by 
 the subject of this biographical sketch came origi- 
 nally from Rhode Island to Orange County, and in- 
 cluded three brotliers, — John, Joel, and Gilbert. Of 
 this number, John was married, and became the father 
 of two daughters and one son, James, whose birth oc- 
 curred in 1783, in Warwick township. The early 
 years of his life were uneventful, having been devoted 
 to acquiring such education as the time and occasion 
 afforded, and later to preparation for the more active 
 duties of life. He was, in 1810, united in marriage 
 to Miss Anne, daughter of Martin Ryerson, of New 
 Jersey, to whom were born three children, — Sophro- 
 nia (Mrs. Bevier, of Grand Rapids, Mich.), Anne, 
 and Sarah Catharine, the latter two being deceased. 
 On Dec. 1, 1829, he was a second time married, to Miss 
 Cornelia V. E. Hunn, daughter of John S. Hunn, late 
 president of the Bank of Newburgh, and became the 
 parent of five children, — Mary Elizabeth, deceased; 
 John J., lieutenant-colonel of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-sixth New York Volunteers during the war of 
 the Rebellion ; DeWitt Clinton, tor five years police 
 commissioner of New York City ; Franklin, residing 
 in Michigan ; and Edward, collector of internal rev- 
 enue for the State of Arkansas, residing at Little 
 Rock, in that State, and served as captain in the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-sixth Regiment New York Vol- 
 unteers during the late war. In both marriages Mr. 
 Wheeler was exceedingly happy, his companions 
 being ladies of intelligence and many amiable quali- 
 ties. In all his tiimily associations Maj. Wheeler was 
 conspicuous as displaying the most tender considera- 
 tion and regard for those around him. In his rela- 
 tions both as husband and parent he inspired the 
 strongest affection, and in no less a degree was this 
 sentiment manifested beyond the sanctity of the home 
 circle. Broad in his views, generous in his instincts, 
 with sympathy for the suffering, and the mantle of 
 charity for the erring and oppressed, Maj. Wheeler, 
 in the sixty-nine years of life that were appointed to 
 
^■m<^ 
 
^^^^^w^ ^^^£^^>^ 
 
^^UL^ 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 609 
 
 him, made the world brighter and better for his pres- 
 eiK-e in it. In business relations he displayed the 
 utmost integrity and honor, and commanded the eon- 
 fidence of all who knew or were associated with him. 
 During the administration of President Jackson, in 
 1837, he shared in the universal embarrassment it had 
 Ijrought upon the country, and while freely express- 
 ing his opinion of the false basis on which the gov- 
 ernment credit was founded, declared his intention to 
 accept every personal responsibility. In politics Maj. 
 Wheeler was an Old-Line Whig of the most decided 
 stamp. He was a close friend of Governor DeWitt 
 Clinton, a strong supporter of Henry Clay, and held 
 confidential relations with Hon. William H. Seward. 
 He participated actively in the politics of the day, 
 and devoted both influence and means to the interests 
 of his State and country. He was also prominent in 
 the business interests of the township of Warwick 
 and the county, having been active in the organiza- 
 tion of the Chester Bank, and its earliest president, 
 which ofl5ce he held for many years, continuing in it 
 until his death, which occurred Sept. 11, 1852, at the 
 homestead in Warwick, and was the occasion of pro- 
 found sorrow alike in the home circle and the larger 
 community of friends and life-long associates. 
 
 GABRIEL HOUSTON. 
 
 His father, Thomas Houston, settled in Middle- 
 town, N. Y., in early life, and was an active and 
 zealous member of the Presbyterian Church of that 
 place, in which he officiated as elder. His wife was 
 Sarah Faulkender, who boi'e him the following chil- 
 dren, viz.: Ann, wife of Henry Denton, of Denton, 
 N. Y. ; Harriet, wife of Judge John Booth ; Catharine, 
 wife of David Corwin ; Gabriel ; Adeline, wife of Rev. 
 Gabriel Corwin, now of Cape May ; Philinda ; Jane, 
 wife of Henry 0. Bronson, of Jackson, Mich. ; James 
 F. ; Franklin ; and Nelson. 
 
 Gabriel Houston was born May 25, 1798, near Mid- 
 dletown. He remained at home until his marriage to 
 Susan Ann Owen, when -he settled at Glenwood, 
 N. J., on the homestead of his father-in-law, Isaac 
 Owen, which was formerly the property of Isaac 
 Owen's father, Ebenezer Owen, containing 180 acres 
 of land. On this property he lived the remainder of 
 his life, and died Jan. 22, 1864. He accumulated 
 other property, was a representative farmer, and a 
 good business man. He was a stockholder in the 
 Chester Bank, at Chester, Orange Co., N. Y., and 
 owned the old homestead of his father, originally 
 consisting of some 300 acres, which property is still 
 in the family, and has always been known as an ex- 
 cellent stock-farm. He was well informed on the 
 current topics of his times, and a man whose counsel 
 was often sought by his fellow-citizens. 
 
 Although not a member of any church, he was in- 
 terested in the pro])agation of morality and religious 
 teachings, and gave the ground upon which the Meth- 
 
 odist church was erected. He was friendly and gen- 
 erous with all denominations that applied to him for 
 assistance. 
 
 In politics he was a Democrat, but never sought 
 political place. In early life he obtained a practical 
 education, was plain and unassuming in his ways, and 
 was always willing to sacrifice his own for the comfort 
 and happiness of others. 
 
 His children are Sally Ann, married Festus Vail, 
 of Warwick, N. Y. ; Abigail Jane; Isaac Owen; 
 Thomas Erminda, died young; Gabriel Wisner; 
 Henry Owen ; Elizabeth W., died young ; James Nel- 
 son, Elizabeth and Susan, died young; Susan, wife of 
 Thomas Pickens, of Ulster Co., N. Y. ; Philip ; and 
 Mary O. 
 
 ISAAC V. WHEELER. 
 
 The Wheeler family, which originally embraced 
 nine brothers and three sisters, were early resi- 
 dents of Long Island, all of wliom at a later period 
 removed to Orange County and made purchases of 
 land. One of these brothers, Joel by name, is the 
 progenitor of the branch of the family from which 
 Isaac V. is descended. He was twice married, and 
 the father of five children, of whom Col. William F. 
 Wheeler, one of the sons, was born in Warwick, Sept. 
 2, 1791, and, having followed the pursuits of an agri- 
 culturist, remained upon the homestead during his 
 lifetime, with the exception of a brief period of service 
 in the war of 1812. He was united in marriage to 
 Miss Juliet, daughter of Isaac Van Duzer, to whom 
 the following children were born : Dinah E., Robert, 
 Ann E., Isaac V., Joel, William W., and Milton V. 
 
 Isaac v., whose life is briefly sketched, is a native 
 of Warwick, and was born March 4, 1823, and spent 
 his early life upon the homestead. His education 
 was acquired at the neighboring public school, and 
 later at an academy of some celebrity at Deckertown, 
 N. J. His tastes led him to pursue the calling of 
 his father, — that of a farmer, — to which his time and 
 energies were entirely devoted. Industry combined 
 with sagacity, and a thorough knowledge of his voca- 
 tion, speedily won for him a marked success in life. 
 Mr. Wheeler advanced with the age. All the modern 
 scientific appliances which are instrumental in sub- 
 duing the soil, and otherwise aiding the agriculturist, 
 were utilized by him. On the death of his father he 
 became the possessor of the ancestral estate, which 
 is still retained by the family. Mr. Wheeler was 
 married, June 21, 1853, to Miss Phebe, daughter of 
 Jesse Bull, whose portrait appears in another portion 
 of this work. Their children are Juliet V., Carrie B., 
 William F., Jessie C, Anna M., and Alice. 
 
 In politics Mr. Wheeler was a Republican, having 
 been descended from Whig ancestry. He was a 
 quiet, unostentatious gentleman, averse to public life, 
 and consequently having no political aspirations. 
 He was one of the original incorporators of the War- 
 wick Valley Farmer's Milk Association, and of the 
 
610 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Warwick Savings-Bank, having been a trustee of the 
 latter institution. His religious affiliations were with 
 the Reformed (Dutch) Church, of which he was a 
 cordial supporter. Mr. Wheeler's death occurred 
 April 9, 1876, in his fifty-third year. He was the last 
 survivor of his generation of the family, and justly 
 regarded as among its most worthy representatives. 
 
 A. J. BURT. 
 The Burt family are of English extraction, and 
 early settled in Connecticut, whence Daniel Burt, in 
 17415, emigrated to the Empire State, and chose a tract 
 of wild land in Warwick, Orange Co. His first efforts 
 in the direction of agriculture were not esjjccially suc- 
 cessful, and influences were speedily brought to bear 
 which caused his^eturn to his native State. The year 
 1760 found him again a dweller in the forests of War- 
 wick, where he purchased the land now covered by 
 the hamlet of Bellvale, and erected a flouring and 
 saw-mill. Mr. Burt and his wife Hannah were the 
 parents often children, among whom was James, born 
 Oct. 25, 1760, who attained some distinction in public 
 life. He was a member of the State Legislature from 
 1797 to 1826, with the exception of a short interval ; 
 was also a member of the council of appointment ; was 
 an elector for Presidents Jefferson and Harrison ; was 
 supervisor for many years of the township of War- 
 wick, and a deacon of the Baptist Church of Warwick 
 for a period of sixty-three years. He was married, 
 Aug. 15, 1783, to Abigail, daughter of Benjamin Coe, 
 and had six children, — Mary, Benjamin, Stephen A., 
 Phebe, James, and Thomas M. Of this number, 
 Stephen A. was born Nov. 28, 1791, and married. 
 May 27, 1818, Paulina, daughter of Jeremiah J^air- 
 field. Their children were Caroline, Edward Fairfield, 
 Augustus J., Abigail Jane, Abigail Jane (2d), Anna 
 Scott, and John. Of this number, Augustus James, 
 now the last adult male member of the family resident 
 at Bellvale, where they were numerous, and contrib- 
 uted largely to the development of the locality, was 
 born Oct. 27, 1826, at the latter spot, and has spent 
 his lifetime at the place of his nativity. He early 
 availed himself of the advantages of the public school 
 of the locality, and later engaged in business pursuits 
 with his father, who established mercantile interests 
 at Bellvale in 1815. Mr. Burt during this time devel- 
 oped methodical business habits which contributed 
 later to a successful career. He also engaged exten- 
 sively in enterprises independent of his mercantile 
 trade and which still occupy much of his attention. 
 A post-office was established at Bellvale through his 
 influence in 1845, of which, with the exception of a 
 brief interval, he has since been the custodian. Mr. 
 Burt has served two terms as justice of the peace, and, 
 not being ambitious for official preferment, has de- 
 clined similar honors offered at a subsequent date. 
 He was one of the incorporator of the Warwick Sav- 
 ings-Bank, and is still one of its trusted officers. His 
 
 known integrity and business capacity have caused 
 him to fill the roles of administrator and executor on 
 frequent occasions, and these duties have constituted 
 a large proportion of the labor of his later years. His 
 eflorts have ever been directed in the interests of the 
 public weal, and have, as a consequence, resulted in 
 benefit to the community in which he has lived. Mr. 
 Burt is descended from a family of Old-Line Whigs, 
 and has never departed from the traditions of the 
 race. He is now an active Republican. Mr. Burt 
 was united in marriage, Oct. 19, 1853, to Miss Ann 
 E. Wilson, of Bellvale. They have had nine children, 
 of whom James W., Augustus, Mary, Gertrude E., 
 and Maud survive. 
 
 JOJIX WILLCOX. 
 The Willcox family, of Warwick, are of New 
 England stock, a portion of whom settled at an early 
 date on Long Island. Amos, the grandfather of 
 John, removed from the latter locality to Orange 
 County, and became the owner of property at Gray 
 Court. He was the parent of three daughters and 
 an equal number of sons, among whom was Jo- 
 seph, who survived until his eighty-eighth year. He 
 married Miss Margaret, daughter of S. Scinonson, of 
 Vernon, the family having come at an early date 
 from Staten Island, and had children, — John, Wil- 
 liam, Mary, Susan, Sallie, and Harriet. By a second 
 marriage, to Miss Nancy Stagg, he had children, — 
 Charles, David, and Phebe. His son John, whose 
 name prefixes this sketch, was born at Amity, July 
 28th, in the year 1800, and at an early age devoted 
 himself to labor upon the land of his father. He was 
 married in 1823 to Miss Hannah, daughter of Roger 
 Howell, resident near Amity, and became the father 
 of the following children : Lewis, Joseph, William 
 H., J. Wickham, Margaret, Mary, Sarah, Harriet, 
 Prudence, and Eunice Amelia, eight of whom sur- 
 vive and are married. In 1836, Mr. Willcox pur- 
 chased of George D. Wickham the property in War- 
 wick township known as Merritt's Island, embracing 
 225 acres. To the improvement of this land he has 
 devoted the labor of his life. Mr. Willcox has in his 
 daily pui-suits exhibited untiring industry, which, 
 united with excellent judgment, have contributed to 
 his success. He has established a reputation for in- 
 tegrity in his business relations which has placed his 
 name among the representative men of his township. 
 Mr. Willcox has never sought the preferments of 
 office, and will, therefore, not be found among the 
 list of county officials. His political sentiments are 
 in harmony with the platform of the Republican 
 party. He is an active supporter of the Presbyterian 
 Church at Amity, of which Mrs. Willcox is a val- 
 ued member. Mr. Willcox was appointed commis- 
 sioner of the Drowned Lands of the Wallkill, and has 
 been instrumental in reclaiming much of this marshy 
 territory. 
 
JOHN WILLCOX. 
 
"^/^l/z-^zm, /^<^>^^^^<Z.<t^ a^ 
 
WARWICK. 
 
 611 
 
 THOMAS WELLING. 
 The Welling family are of Welsh descent, and 
 were among the original settlers on Long Island, 
 where Thomas, the great-grandfather of the subject 
 of this biograpliy, purchased land in 1704. He at a 
 later period removed to Orange County, and acquired 
 a large tract of land, embracing a portion of the vil- 
 lage of Warwick, and also the homestead of the Welling 
 family. His children numbered three sons — Thomas, 
 Richard, and John — and three daughters. Of these 
 -sons, Thomas, who retained the family residence, was 
 united in marriage to Miss Sibble Beardsley, of 
 Sussex Co., N. J., and had children, — Thomas, 
 Edward L., John, Hannah, Charles, Anna, Elizabeth, 
 
 Welling are members, has offered a congenial field 
 for his activities. He is an elder in the Reformed 
 Dutch Church of Warwick, and a director of the 
 Board of Domestic Missions. In his daily life Mr. 
 Welling may, with propriety, be mentioned as the 
 perfect type of the Christian gentleman. 
 
 a resident of Brooklyn, 
 Charles died in Sussex 
 
 and Lois. John became 
 where his death occurred ; 
 Co., N. J., and the remaining sons chose homes in 
 Orange County. Thomas, born July 8, 1786, was 
 united in marriage to Miss Anna Coleman, to whom 
 the following children were born and grew to mature 
 years : John L., Samuel C, William R., Thomas, 
 Elizabeth (Mrs. F. B. Brooks), Harriet (Mrs. J. C. 
 Houston), Hannah D. (Mrs. James Wisner), and 
 Euphelia (Mrs. Richard Wisner) ; Sibble C. and 
 Charles B. having died at an early age. Of these 
 children, Thomas, who represents the fourth gen- 
 eration bearing the name, was born April 27, 1830, 
 in the township of Warwick. His early life was 
 not varied by incidents worthy of special mention. 
 The public schools afforded opportunities for ac- 
 quiring the rudiments of an education, and sub- 
 sequent labor upon the farm had so moulded his 
 tastes as to induce him to follow the vocation of 
 an agriculturist. The condition of his estate bears 
 ample evidence that his energies in this direction 
 have not been misapplied. Mr. Welling may in an 
 eminent sense be regarded as a successful farmer. To 
 the energy and practical wisdom which have been 
 brought to bear in his labor have been added those 
 invaluable helps which modern science has contrib- 
 uted to lighten the toil of the husbandman and add 
 to the bounty of his harvests. Mr. Welling was mar- 
 ried in December, 1855, to Miss Caroline, daughter 
 of Aaron Van Duzer, Esq., of Goshen. Their family 
 circle numbers eight children, — William R., Thomas, 
 Edward L., Martha, Mary, Elizabeth, Carrie H., and 
 Sarah McC. 
 
 Mr. Welling having been descended from a family 
 of strong Whig proclivities, naturally espoused the 
 ])rinciples of the party. On the organization of the 
 Republican phalanx he at once joined their ranks, 
 and has never missed an election since he became a 
 voter. Though evincing a reasonable degree of in- 
 terest in public affairs, he is in no sense a politician, 
 and official life has no attractions for him. He is a 
 director in both the Warwick National and the War- 
 wick Savings- Banks, and generally active in matters 
 pertaining to the interests of the township. The Re- 
 formed Dutch Church, of which both Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM H. HOUSTON. 
 
 It has fallen to the lot of few of the residents of the 
 township of Warwick to fill a career of more distin- 
 guished usefulness than did the subject of this biogra- 
 phy, William H. Houston. His paternal grandfather. 
 Dr. Joseph Houston, was a resident of Edcnville, 
 Warwick township, and was united in marriage to 
 Miss Nancy, daughter of Gen. Henry Wisner, who 
 became the mother often children, — Henry W., John 
 H., Richard, George W., Joseph A., Andrew, Samuel, 
 Harriet, Susan, and Jane. Of this number, but two — 
 George W. and Harriet — now survive. John H., the 
 father of William H., was united in marriage, June 
 19, 1816, to Miss Julia Ann AVheeler, their children 
 being William H., Nathaniel D., James K., and John 
 H., who died in childhood. The birth of their son 
 William H. occurred March 27, 1817, in Eatonville, 
 Warwick township, where his early life was spent. 
 The loss of his father, when the lad was but fourteen 
 years of age, became not only the occasion of profound 
 sorrow, but placed upon him a heavy burden of re- 
 sponsibility as the eldest of the family of children. 
 The same characteristics which in later years com- 
 manded influence, and won success, were developed 
 at this early stage of his career. He continued upon 
 the homestead, aiding by his industry and wise coun- 
 sel in the advancement of the family interests, until 
 Jan. 5, 1842, when he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Ann E. Wheeler, daughter of William F. Wheeler, of 
 Bellvale, Orange Co., and granddaughter of Isaac R. 
 Van Duzer, of Cornwall-on-the-Hudson. This event 
 was celebrated by their removal to his future home, 
 now the residence of his sons Joel W. and James E. 
 Houston. The family circle of Mr. and Mrs. Hous- 
 ton embraced six children, — William W., Julia E., 
 John H., Joel W., Frank, and James E. These sons 
 are all residents of Orange County. John H. occu- 
 pies the farm of his grandfather; Joel W. and James 
 E. are upon the homestead ; Frank has a residence 
 adjoining; and William W. resides in Florida. The 
 daughter is now Mrs. Manson R. Brown, of Wash- 
 ingtonville, N. Y. 
 
 The peculiar abilities of Mr. Houston eminently 
 fitted him for public life, and these (jualifications were 
 at once recognized by his constituents. He repre- 
 sented Warwick in the board of supervisors during 
 the years 1851-52, 1864-65, was elected sherifli' of 
 Orange County for the years 1856-58, and was hon- 
 ored as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 
 the State in 1867. Mr. Houston was a .stanch sup- 
 porter of the government during the late war, and was 
 
612 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 especially active in the recruiting service. His marlced 
 integrity of character won for him the confidence of 
 tlie community, and on frequent occasions entailed 
 heavy responsibilities as trustee or guardian in the 
 settlement of large estates. He was also at his death 
 president of the Goshen and Deckertown Railroad, 
 of which enterprise he was one of the projectors. 
 In his political preferences Mr. Houston was, at an 
 early day, an Old-Line Whig, and at once joined the 
 Republican ranks on the organization of that party. 
 He was a trustee of the Second Presbyterian Church 
 of Florida, and one of its most devout worshipers. 
 In the fullness of years and in the height and bril- 
 liancy of a useful career the life of Mr. Houston was 
 terminated. His death occurred on Aug. 30, 1875, 
 Mrs. Houston having survived him but four vears. 
 
 HON. JAMES E. WATERBURY. 
 Stamford, Conn., was the abiding-place of the rep- 
 resentatives of the Waterbury family, who first left 
 the shores of Great Britain for the inviting fields of 
 industry offered in the New World. The grandfather 
 of James E. was James, who served with credit as a 
 soldier of the Revolution. Col. Henry Weeks, also of 
 Revolutionary fame, was his maternal grandparent. 
 The former was born Nov. 28, 1754, and married 
 Miss Elizabeth Mead, by whom he had eight chil- 
 dren, — Betsey, Charles, Catherine, Henry, William, 
 Warren, Rufus, and Ann, the only survivor. Of 
 this number, William was born June 29, 1789, and 
 united in marriage with Miss Nancy Weeks, of Stam- 
 ford, Conn., Oct. 24, 1811. Their children were three 
 in number, — William H., James E., and Eliphalet 
 Price. James E., whose life is here briefly reviewed, 
 was born at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Sept. 2, 1824, and 
 spent his early years in Orange County, the family 
 having made it their residence in 1828. The boyhood 
 of James E. was passed at school, first at Amity, his 
 present residence, and later at the Chester Academy. 
 These educational advantages, though in no sense 
 superior, with the acquirements and experience of 
 later years, enabled him to fill with intelligence and 
 credit the demands of a more public career. He em- 
 barked in agricultural pursuits on arriving at mature 
 years, and located upon the farm which has since 
 been, and is now, his residence. Mr. Waterbury was 
 married, Nov. 29, 1848, to Sarah, daughter of John 
 Wilcox, Esq., of Merritt's Island, Warwick. Their 
 house was brightened by the presence of four children, 
 — Ida, H. Lillie, Nancy, and Edgar, — all of whom are 
 living. Mr. Waterbury early acquired a lasts for 
 official life, and was honored by his constituency with 
 important offices, which he filled with ability and 
 marked integrity. He has for a period of twenty 
 years served as justice of the peace of his township, 
 was twice elected justice of sessions, and was chosen 
 supervisor in 1875, but declined a subsequent nom- 
 ination. He was called in 1879 to fill the responsi- 
 
 ble position of representative of the Second District of 
 Orange County in the State Legislature, and served 
 upon the committees on State Claims, on Villages, 
 and on State Charitable Institutions. He was one of 
 the incorporators of the Warwick Savings-Bank, and 
 still holds the office of trustee of that institution. Mr. 
 Waterbury associated in early years with the old 
 Whig party, and on the organization of the Repub- 
 lican party found its platform in harmony with his 
 political convictions. He has since been one of its 
 most stanch and able representatives in the county. 
 Squire Waterbury has ever manifested a lively 
 interest in the cause of education, and has been for 
 nearly a quarter of a century trustee of the public 
 schools of the township. His religious sympathies 
 are with tlie Presbyterian Church, of which he and 
 Jlrs. Waterbury are members and his family regular 
 worshipers. 
 
 NATHANIEL R. FEAGLES. 
 The Feagles family are of German extraction, the 
 great-grandfather of Nathan R. having been Jacob, 
 who was born in the fiitherland. His son Jacob early 
 emigrated to America, and followed the blacksmith's 
 craft. At a later period he located in Chester, Orange 
 Co., the scene of his future labors. The children of 
 Mr. Feagles were Jacob, William, Nathaniel, and 
 Caroline (Mrs. Robert Stoutenburgh). Of this num- 
 ber, Jacob, whose birth occurred in January, 1792, 
 remained under the paternal roof until his fifteenth 
 year, when, inspired liy a spirit of independence and 
 ambition, he began the battle of life. About the year 
 1815, as nearly as can be determined, he was united in 
 marriage to Miss Susan Roe, of Orange County, and 
 chose a residence at Amity, in the township of War- 
 wick. Their children were David, Charles, Nathan- 
 iel R., Henry B., William, Mary, Susan, Robert, and 
 Clarissa. The birth of Nathaniel R., the subject of 
 this biographical sketch, occurred Sept. 25, 1821, in 
 ,A.mity, where his early life was spent in attendance at 
 the school of the district, varied by labor upon the 
 farm. During the year 1850 he moved to the me- 
 tropolis of the State, where he engaged in business as 
 a butcher. After a residence of five years in the city 
 of New York he returned to his native county, and, 
 in connection with his brother, purchased the home- 
 stead. In 1863, Mr. Feagles removed to his present 
 large and highly-cultivated farm. Since that period 
 he has continued to follow agricultural pursuits, 
 and enjoyed a marked degree of success — the reward 
 of industry and sound judgment in his vocation. 
 He has won a deserved reputation as a propagator 
 of blooded stock, horses of the Hambletonian breed 
 having been made a specialty with him. Mr. Feagles 
 is an outspoken Republican in politics, and though 
 an ardent supporter of the party, has never sought 
 office at its hands. He is a Presbyterian in his 
 religious predilections, and a tru.stee of the Presby- 
 terian Church at Amity. Mr. Feagles was married 
 
NATHANIEL R. FEAGLES. 
 
IM 
 
6/ ^^^^^^ ^ 
 
 ^^^^^^<^^ 
 
 The father of Gardner K. was Joseph Nanny, 
 who was born Nov. 7, 1785, and was married in 
 1807 to Miss Sallie Johnson, whose birtli oc- 
 curred April 13, 1789. Their children were 
 Maria, born in 1808; Johnson, born in 1810; 
 and the subject of tiiis biography, whose birth 
 occurred Jan. 12, 1821. The latter was in early 
 years a member of his father's family circle, 
 where his growing years were devoted to attend- 
 ance at the district school, and subsequently to 
 the employments of tiie farm. 
 
 On the death of his father he inherited the 
 estate. Mr. Nanny was united in marriage, 
 April 16, 1862, to Miss Adeline, daughter of 
 John Arnout, Esq., of Edenville, who was the 
 parent of five children,— William H., Samuel 
 II., John W., Mary A., and Mrs. Nanny. 
 
 To Mr. and INIrs. Nanny were born two 
 daughters, — Frances M. and Sadie O. Mr. 
 Nanny, not having a taste for farming pur- 
 suits, soon after his marriage removed to 
 Edenville, having acquired the residence now 
 occupied by the family. 
 
 The excitement and honors consequent upon 
 official life were not congenial to his taste. He 
 therefore never sought official position, and was 
 content simply to cast his ballot in obedience to 
 the requirement of every American citizen. 
 
 In politics he was a Republican, and in liis 
 religious profession a Methodist, both he and 
 his wife being members of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church of Edenville. Mr. Nanny's death 
 occurred at Edenville, .Tune 7, 1874, in liis fifty- 
 third year. 
 
HEZEKIAH HOYT. 
 
CHESTER. 
 
 613 
 
 in 1858 to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Peter N. Ryer- 
 son, of Vernon, Sussex Co., N. J. They have had 
 nine cliildren, of whom the following survive, — Mary, 
 Susan, Jacob, Anna, Charles, Nathaniel R., Eliza- 
 beth, and Henry. 
 
 HEZEKIAH HOYT. 
 The Hoyt family are of English lineage, the great- 
 grandfather of Mr. Hoyt having resided in Stamford, 
 Conn., and served with credit during the war of the 
 Revolution. His children were two sons — Hezekiah 
 and Joseph — and two daughters, — Hannah and Sarah. 
 The former, a soldier in the war of 1812, was united 
 in marriage to Miss Esther Selleck, of Stamford, 
 •Conn., to whom the following children were horn : 
 Isaac, Hezekiah, William, Caroline, Harriet, Maria, 
 James W., Henry W., and Gilbert F., of whom six 
 survive. Hezekiah, the second son, whose life is here 
 briefly sketched, is a native of Stamford, having been 
 born Feb. 20, 1805. When four years of age his 
 parents made Middletown, Orange Co., their residence, 
 jnd were accompanied by their son. He .spent his 
 
 early years at school and in labor upon the estate of 
 his father, and having, at a later date, decided upon 
 the importance of a trade, acquired that of a mason. 
 Mercantile pursuits having offered a larger field, he 
 repaired to Bloomingburgh, Sullivan Co., N. Y., and 
 embarked in business, remaining from 1834 to 1836. 
 During the latter year he came to Warwick township, 
 and continued his mercantile ventures at Amity. In 
 1842 he purchased the farm which is his jjresent resi- 
 dence, and which has been his home since that date. 
 Mr. Hoyt was united in marriage, Oct. 12, 1837, to 
 Miss Mary A., daughter of Joel Wheeler, whose wife, 
 Catharine Finn, was the mother of three children, — 
 John A., Catharine L., and Mrs. Hoyt. His second 
 wife was Miss Dinah Finn, by whom he had children, 
 —William F. and Robert F. 
 
 Mr. Hoyt is an uncompromising Republican in his 
 political views, and has ever manifested a lively in- 
 terest in public affairs, though not an office-holder. 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Hoyt are active members of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of New Milford, and 
 liberal in the advancement of its aims. 
 
 CHESTER. 
 
 I.-SITUATION, BOUNDARIES, AREA, TITLE. 
 Chester is an interior town of the county, lying 
 southeast of the centre. It is bounded north by Go- 
 shen and Blooming-Grove, east by Blooming-Grove 
 iind Monroe, south by Warwick, and west by War- 
 wick and Goshen. The area, as determined in the 
 equalization table of the last board of supervisors, is 
 10,047i acres. As often explained, the true area must 
 exceed this somewhat in consequence of highways, 
 village lots, and other parcels being excepted by the 
 assessors in making up the average. The general 
 •title is derived from the Wawavanda Patent. 
 
 II.-NATURAL FEATURES. 
 The town contains several rocky elevations unfit for 
 cultivation, a.s Goose Pond Mountain, Lazy Hill, and 
 Sugar-Loaf Mountain. The highest summits are from 
 five to six hundred feet above the neighboring valleys. 
 Thompson's Pond, on the line between Chester and 
 Warwick, covers an area of about one hundred acres. 
 It is a tributary of Quaker Creek. The pond is 
 now named upon the maps of the county Glenmere 
 Lake. The largest portion of it is in Warwick. 
 Black Jleadow Brook, formed of several tributaries 
 from different directions, drains a large portion of 
 the western part of the town, and empties into the 
 -Otterkill near West Chester. Trout Brook, in the 
 
 south, is an inlet of Bull Pond, and flowing northward 
 from this is Seeley Creek, the outlet. This unites 
 with the Cromeline, eastward in Blooming-Grove. 
 In this town are the Gray Court Meadows, which in- 
 clude about seven hundred acres, now nearly all 
 under cultivation, and are exceedingly fertile. 
 
 III.— EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The general story of early settlement upon the 
 territory constituting the town will be found to a 
 great extent in the chapters devoted to those towns 
 from which Chester was formed. The fertile country 
 around Chester village attracted the 'attention of im- 
 migrants at an early day, and this was the point of 
 earliest location, though the Sugar-Loaf district is 
 spoken of in very early documents. 
 
 The village was settled as early as 1751 by John 
 Yelverton, but at what time it received the name is 
 uncertain. 
 
 John Beers owned about 120 acres, and in 1751 sold 
 to James Ensign, who sold to Yelverton.* This land 
 
 * There is uo doubt that upon the land purchased hy Yelverton and as- 
 sociates there was l.iid out a plat under the name of the township of 
 Chester. The precise date of the laying out of this plat we have not 
 been able to ascertain, but it is entirely clear that such a plat was made. 
 Yelverton was an active man in this mode of opening up the country to 
 settlement, having been associated in the founding of Goshen, New- 
 burgh, and New Windsor, as well as Chester. 
 
614 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 descended to his grandson, Abijah Yelverton, the 
 father of Anthony Yelverton, who died a few years 
 since. The present village is on this 120 acres. 
 
 The family was originally from Wales. When John 
 Yelverton came he was accompanied by a brother 
 and a sister, and his children were John, Anthony, 
 Thomas, James, and several daughters. One married 
 Mr. Carpenter, of Goshen ; one Mr. Howell, of Go- 
 shen ; one Mr. Marvin, of Oxford ; one Mr. Carman. 
 
 John (2d) had but one child, Abijah. Abijah's chil- 
 dren were John, Anthony, and Abijah. Thomas' chil- 
 dren were James, William, and Elizabeth. 
 
 The family came from England to Long Island, from 
 there to Orange County, residing at difierent times at 
 Goshen, Newburgh, Chester, and New Windsor. 
 
 John Yelverton, the first settler, was a carpenter. 
 He died in the village of New Windsor, and his 
 grave and monument may now be seen in the Pres- 
 byterian cemetery there. 
 
 Wm. Yelverton, a son of Abijah, is still living at 
 an advanced age at Gray Court Station. 
 
 Capt. Nathaniel Roe located a mile and a half 
 south, on a farm subsequently owned by his grand- 
 son, Jesse Roe. Nathaniel had two sons, — -Nathaniel 
 and William ; and Jesse was the son of Nathaniel (2d). 
 
 Peter Townsend also settled here. His sons were 
 William, Peter, and Isaac. His daughter Ann mar- 
 ried Solomon Townsend, and Sarah, Dr. Anthony 
 Davis. 
 
 John Jackson located north of Yelverton, and 
 Fletcher Woodhull married his only daughter. 
 
 Joseph Drake was among the earliest in this vicin- 
 ity ; he owned the farm of 200 acres where Joseph G. 
 afterwards lived. 
 
 Colvill Carpenter settled on the lands subsequently 
 owned by his son Jesse. He had two sons,7-Daniel 
 and Jesse. 
 
 Hector St. John must not be forgotten. He came 
 from France, and lived where Hezekiah Moffat, Esq., 
 lived and died. During the war of the Revolution he 
 returned to France, took one son with him, and after 
 the war returned to this country, and was appointed 
 consul for New York. The other son and daughter 
 were left in the country, sent to the East, and edu- 
 cated. Frances, the daughter, married a Frenchman 
 by the name of Otto and went to France. There he 
 was created Count Otto, and sent as minister to the 
 court of Vienna. During the French Revolution they 
 were reduced to poverty, and Frances suffered every 
 possible privation. 
 
 To further show the names of those residing in this 
 section of country at the opening of the Revolution 
 we give the assessment-roll of 1775 for district No. 4 
 in the old precinct of Goshen. It includes other ter- 
 ritory than the town of Chester. The district may be 
 described somewhat in general terms as comprising 
 East Chester, extending to Satterly Town, and inclu- 
 ding the Gray Court neighborhood ; also West Ches- 
 ter, the families along the Somerville road, including 
 
 the Conklingtown neighborhood in Goshen, and ex- 
 tending to Fort Hill. 
 
 The assessor for this district was Capt. Nathaniel 
 Roe. He resided a mile and a half south of Chester 
 village, on the farm owned in later years by his grand- 
 son, Jesse Roc. This assessment-roll is the best 
 authority now extant to determine the families of a 
 hundred years ago. 
 
 Distrirt A'o. 4, Seplember, 1775 — Nathaniel Roe, Aisessor. 
 
 Estimate 
 of 
 
 Property. 
 d. 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 
 
 Names. 
 
 Thomas Morgan 2 
 
 John King 4 
 
 Aliraluiui Stagg, Jr 2 
 
 Henry McElroy 2 
 
 Andrew Baljcock 17 
 
 Charles McElroy 13 
 
 Solomon Finch 4 
 
 Jacob BIcshar 2 
 
 Isaac Odell 6 
 
 Justus Oilell 2 
 
 David Williams 4 
 
 Samuel Conkliii 2 
 
 James Babcock 2 
 
 Joseph Patterson 4 
 
 John Aruion 6 
 
 Thomas Fitzgerald 2 
 
 Gideon Mace 2 8 
 
 George Crossen 1 2 
 
 Peter Brass 2 9 
 
 .Tohn Miller 18 
 
 Andrew Debow 7 II 
 
 John Clark 2 12 
 
 Zephaniah Kalloy 15 8 
 
 Jacob Swatliood 2 4 ;J 
 
 Christopher Trickey 
 
 George Davie 19 
 
 Jonathan Archer 4 14 3 
 
 Nathan Bailey 2 14 6 
 
 Nathan Bailey, Jr 17 
 
 William Helm 2 6 1 
 
 David Mapes 4 8 11 
 
 Matthew Dilling S 15 1 
 
 Joseph Mapes 0. 2 6 
 
 John Kinner, Jr 3 13 
 
 JohuKinner 5 8 3 
 
 James Kinner Oil 3 
 
 Joshua Howell 3 7 11 
 
 Samuel Bailey 5 12 4 
 
 Kbenezer Holley 14 9 
 
 Samuel Satterly 2 9 G 
 
 Joseph Drake 8 11 7 
 
 Oliver Smith 2 18 10 
 
 Abijah Yelverton 2 17 5 
 
 Peter Townsend 30 14 8 
 
 Abel Noble 19 7 9 
 
 William Drake 18 3 
 
 John McDowell 14 9 
 
 Isaac Coo ley 3 7 
 
 Benjamin Jackson 3 10 
 
 Joseph Carpenter, Jr 2 9 5 
 
 Barnabas Horton, Jr 5 5 
 
 Barnabas Hurton 9 3 
 
 Birdseye Young 11 19 8 
 
 George Thompson 5 17 2 
 
 Silas Horton 4 2 3 
 
 Jonathan Horton 2 9 6 
 
 Phineas Rumsey 8 13 5 
 
 John Chandler 8 1 
 
 Joseph Carpenter 5 17 
 
 Phineas Duun 4 13 7 
 
 Robert Anderson 
 
 Nathaniel Knapp 
 
 Nathaniel Knapp, Jr 
 
 James Hanochs 
 
 Francis Dnffin 
 
 Hope Rlioades 
 
 Joseph Holley 
 
 Isaac Rhoades 
 
 Wm. Veal (Vail) 
 
 Richard Jennings 
 
 Thomas Denton 
 
 Bowman Halsted 
 
 Daniel Hall . 
 
 Joseph Beckis 
 
 Jonas Denton 
 
 James Hamilton 
 
 John Roe 
 
 Wm. Hilington 
 
 Ruth Carpenter 
 
 David Bailey 
 
 Benjamin Jennings 
 
 Benjamin Drake 
 
 Jeremiah Mullock 
 
 Alexander Jackson 
 
 Benjamin Meeker, Jr 
 
 Matthias Jayne 
 
 John Springsted 
 
 Chas, Dnrli[ig (Durland). 
 
 Joshua Whiteman 
 
 Capt. John Jackson 
 
 Caivin Carpenter 
 
 Bezaliel Seeley 
 
 Thomas Beech 
 
 Uriah Toiler (Fuller) 
 
 James Smith (tailor) 
 
 Wm. Knapp 
 
 Michael Jackson (judge). 
 Henry Jayne (bl'ltsmitb) 
 
 John Gardner 
 
 Jasper Hart 
 
 John Feagles 
 
 Wm. Kinner 
 
 Francis Giloe 
 
 John Bradner, Esq 
 
 John Bradner, Jr 
 
 Gerard Kayner 
 
 Solomon Tidd 
 
 Andrew Cristey 
 
 Benjamin Sayre 
 
 Richard Clark 
 
 Nathaniel Allison 
 
 Abraham Chandler, Jr... 
 
 Jacobus Tidd 
 
 James Mosier 
 
 Nomiah Carpenter 
 
 Capt. Nathaniel Roe 
 
 George Thompson, Jr 
 
 Isaac Smith 
 
 James Simpson 
 
 Estimate 
 
 of 
 
 Property. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1 
 3 8 
 
 3 8 
 
 1 6 
 14 
 7 
 10 
 
 s 
 
 4 2 
 13 
 7 
 
 2 9 
 
 
 9 11 
 8 9 
 
 9 
 
 3 6 
 2 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 4 
 
 6 in 
 13 
 4 3 
 4 l(i 
 4 8 
 
 2 
 
 4 14 
 
 5 18 
 
 1 19 
 
 4 7 
 
 5 19 
 
 7 15 11 
 7 10 3 
 
 2 3 
 
 1 10 9 
 9 
 
 9 5 
 
 2 
 5 
 110 
 
 3 18 3 
 
 2 3 
 
 16 9 
 
 5 13 2 
 
 12 6 
 
 9 9 
 
 16 3 
 
 3 6 6 
 5 4 3 
 
 4 6 8 
 
 2 17 10 
 
 1 16 9 
 
 2 6 3 
 
 3 6 10 
 6 
 
 10 16 1 
 
 3 
 10 6 
 16 5 
 
 *' The within is a list of the assessment of all the inhabitants within 
 my district, taken September, 1775. By me, Nathaniel Roe." 
 
 Through the aid of Mr. George Board, Mr. James 
 Burt, president of the Chester Bank, and others, the 
 following memorandum, with reference to a portion 
 of these names, is given. 
 
 John King settled near Bull's Mills, in what is now 
 the town of Chester, some time previous to the Revo- 
 lutionary war. His homestead was the place now 
 owned by his grandson, John King. He had two 
 sons, — James and E^zra. John King the pioneer had 
 three brothers who also came into Orange County, — 
 
CHESTER. 
 
 615 
 
 Peter, Joseph, aud Charles. The latter went West at 
 an early day. Peter and Joseph settled on farms ad- 
 joining that of John King. Joseph afterwards re- 
 moved to Monroe, near Little Round Pond. His sons 
 were George, John, Gabriel. The sons of Peter were 
 James G. and Abel. A son of James G., Mr. Wil- 
 liam B. King, resides in Chester village. 
 
 In the early settlement of the county there were 
 three brothers by the name of Board, — James, Joseph, 
 and Cornelius. Either they or their ancestors earlier 
 are understood to have come over as book-keepers for 
 the iron-works at Ringwood, N. J. Cornelius came to 
 Sugar-Loaf Valley soon after the Revolution. He 
 had one son, John Board, and several daughters, — 
 Mrs. Gabriel Wisner, Mrs. John Wood, Mrs. Jesse 
 Bull, Mrs. Mills Davis. Mr. Gabriel Wisner's first 
 wife dying, he married another daughter of Corne- 
 lius Board. 
 
 Of George Board, a son of John, we have obtained 
 several of these notes upon early families. Charles 
 Durland settled where his descendant, James Durland, 
 now lives about the year 1756. His wife was Jane 
 Swartwout. His children were Garret, Joseph, John, 
 Charles, Samuel, Mary, who married John Wood ; 
 Elizabeth, who married Vincent Wood ; Rosanna, 
 who married Peter Holbert. 
 
 Daniel Cromeline settled on the well-known Gray 
 Court farm in 171(3, aud built the old stone house 
 which stood until 1832. It is not known that he was 
 more than a temporary resident. (See notice of Wm. 
 Bull, Hamptonburgh.) 
 
 Phineas Rumsey settled in the East Division of 
 Goshen, where the Widow Murray now lives. The 
 place was owned by several Phineas Rumseys in 
 succession. The original immigrants to this country 
 were four brothers, one of whom settled on Long 
 Island, two in the town of Monroe, and the one 
 mentioned in- Goshen. The children of Nathan D. 
 Rumsey, of Monroe, were four sons — Earl, Royal S., 
 Charles, and Nathan D.- — and two daughters, one who 
 became Mrs. Lamareux, and after his death Mrs. Hal- 
 lock, and one who died unmarried. Royal S. Rumsey 
 had fourteen children, who all grew up to mature 
 years except one daughter, who died at the age of 
 seventeen. 
 
 Henry McElroy probably lived on Rye Hill, town 
 of Monroe. Thomas Fitzgerald settled near the 
 boundary line of Warwick. John Clark's homestead 
 was in the vicinity of Wickham Pond. George Davis 
 was located in Sugar- Loaf Valley. David Mapes was 
 in the same neighborhood as Nathaniel Roe. John 
 Kinner was probably living on the farm now owned 
 by AVisner Wood. The Howells were at Sugar-Loaf. 
 Edmund Satterly lived near Chester village, on what 
 is now the farm of Thaddeus Durland. An orchard 
 there is still known as Satterly's orchard. There was 
 one daughter, who became the wife of John Board. 
 Joseph Drake lived where the late Joseph G. Drake 
 resided. Oliver Smith's homestead was where Henry 
 
 W. Wood now lives. The frame of the present house, 
 or a part of it, is very old. Abijah Yelverton kept a 
 tavern for a long series of years at Chester village. 
 Peter Townsend's homestead was at Chester village, 
 where William Wood now owns, near the Yelverton 
 place. Abel Noble lived between Sugar-Loaf and 
 Warwick, in the Bellvale neighborhood. Isaac 
 Cooley's place was on the back road, so called, be- 
 tween Gray Court and Sugar-Loaf. An old Jackson 
 homestead was where James Bull now lives. An 
 early Carpenter homestead was the present Green 
 farm, on the road from Chester to Craigville, for- 
 merly the Moffatt place. 
 
 Au early Horton place was on the road from 
 Goshen to Cjaigville, now owned by the descendants, 
 two great-grandchildren of the pioneer. Birdseye 
 Young lived on a cross-road, the place still being in 
 the hands of his descendants by the name of Thomp- 
 son. George Thompson's homestead was probably 
 the present Samuel Houston place. John Chandler, 
 mentioned in the roll, was probably the Dr. Chand- 
 ler of Blooming-Grove whose grandson, Benjamin C. 
 Sears, now occupies the place. Nathaniel Knapp 
 lived at Sugar-Loaf, on the place now owned by a de- 
 scendant, John Knapp. The Holley homestead was 
 where John W. Roe now lives. Richard Jennings' 
 place was the present farm of Mr. Wells, formerly a 
 part of the estate of Judge Samuel Seward. The 
 Denton homestead was between Chester and Goshen, 
 where William Lawrence now lives. Daniel Hall 
 probably lived near the Dentons, on the road to 
 Goshen. Matthias Jayne was over towards Florida. 
 John Springsted lived near Conklingtown, in Goshen. 
 He was one of the securities on Peter Townsend's 
 contract with Congress to cast cannon. The Whit- 
 man homestead was near Conklingtown, in Goshen. 
 
 Thomas Beach lived on the road to Warwick, his 
 
 homestead being where the brick house of David R. 
 
 Seeley now stands. John Feagles lived over the line 
 
 in what is now Warwick probably. An old Tidd 
 
 homestead lies between Sugar-Loaf and Florida. 
 
 I Not far from Gray Court Station the two pioneer 
 
 1 brothers, Josiah Seeley and Bezaliel Seeley, settled at 
 
 I an early day. They were descendants of Samuel 
 
 Seeley, who came to this country about KJOO. They 
 
 built their first dwelling, a log house, northeast of 
 
 Gray Court, on the flats near the present Newburgh 
 
 Branch of the Erie Railroad. The wife of Josiah 
 
 Seeley was Abigail Smith. Their children were 
 
 Joanna, who married Thaddeus Seeley; Josiah, Jr.; 
 
 Ebenezer; Jonas (father of Jonas Seeley, formerly ot 
 
 I Chester, but now residing with his daughter, Mrs. F. 
 
 M. Cummins, at CJoshen, aged eighty-three) ; Henry; 
 
 Susan, who married Robert Townsend ; Mercy, who 
 
 married Joshua Brown, and after his death Abel B. 
 
 Watkins ; Martha, who married James Strong ; and 
 
 Abigail, who married Timothy Little. 
 
 I Ebenezer, mentioned above, was a very active man 
 
 ' iu promoting the settlement of the county, and in 
 
616 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY. NEW YORK. 
 
 opening up for settlement the township or village of 
 New Windsor, and the township or village of 
 Chester. (See New Windsor.) 
 
 The William Vail homestead was near the academy 
 at Chester. He had four sous, — Asa, William, Absa- 
 lom, and Benjamin. The latter was the father of 
 John H. Vail, now of Chester. 
 
 IV.-ORGANIZATION. 
 Chester is a specimen of " jiatchwork," in resjiect to 
 its "make-up," a piece being taken from each of sev- 
 eral towns and united to constitute a uew town. Once 
 brought together, however, they made a symmetrical 
 town very conveniently arranged for the transaction 
 of public business. The name was, of course, derived 
 from that of its principal village, which had been 
 given to it at its first settlement. In consequence 
 of the destruction of the town books by fire, we are 
 unable to give the minutes of the first town-meeting, 
 the names of the early officers, and many other mat- 
 ters of public interest usually found in such records. 
 
 SitpervisDrB. — 184 "», James Gray; 184G-47, Jesse Wund ; 1848, Jesse Hul- 
 l.ert; 1849-51, llezekiah H. Moffat; 1852, S. M. Kniffln ; 1853-56, 
 Charles B. Howell; 1S57, Daniel D. Hallock ; 1858-5!), Charles B. 
 Howell; 1860, F. W. Dunning; 1861-66, James B. Stevens; 1867-68, 
 Joseph Durland; 1869-74, John H. Vail; 1875, Samuel H. Hadden ; 
 1876, D. Howell Roe; 1877, Nathaniel Roe; 1878-80, Joseph Board. 
 
 Town Clerks from 1876.— 1875-77, John G. Kerner; 1878-79, A. J.Martin ; 
 1880, W. H. Wood. 
 The justices of the peace since 1872 are the following; 
 
 1872, Abraham Wright; 1873, Andrew J. King; 1874, Benjamin R. 
 Conklin; 1875, Tliomas Bailey; 1876, Abraham Wright; 1877, 
 Charles H. Westervelt; 1878, Andrew J. King; 1870, James Stevens; 
 1880, Abraham Wright. 
 
 V.-VILLAGES, NEIGHBORHOODS. 
 
 The group of villages near each other under the 
 general name of Chester require a brief explanation 
 as to location and name. 
 
 CHESTER PROPER. 
 
 Chester of the old times is the village that grew 
 up on the Yelverton estate, at the corners where is 
 now situated the store of Joseph Durland, about a 
 mile from the Erie depot. The present business of 
 the place includes the following : Charles Dix, hotel ; 
 C. H. Westervelt, justice of the peace, branch post- 
 office, insurance agency, etc.; Frederick Miles & Son, 
 bakery ; W^. H. Wood, undertaker ; E. F. Kallinir, 
 boots and shoes ; Allison's store, a place of trade for 
 many years, now closed ; J. H. Cornelius, stoves and 
 hardware ; R. H. Walker, confectionery ; George 
 Riley, restaurant ; Dr. Carpenter, office ; Miss Betsy 
 Edwards, groceries ; meat-market, John A. Wells ; 
 drug-store, E. T. Jackson ; dry-goods, groceries, and 
 general merchandise, Joseph Durland, formerly the 
 old Yelverton place of trade ; Fred. Volmer, harness- 
 shop ; Mrs. Osman, dress-making ; Miss Amelia 
 Bailey, millinery; Jacob Schultz, carpenter; Wm. 
 A. Vail, carpenter. 
 
 At this village are located the Presbyterian church, 
 
 the school building of the Union school district (for- 
 merly the academy), and quite a number of dwellings. 
 
 CHESTER, 
 
 as known by railway men, and by the citizens as "the 
 village at the depot," is a place of considerable busi- 
 ness, and has grown up since the building of the Erie 
 Railroad and the establishment of a station at that 
 point. The present business of this place includes 
 the station building and other structures of the rail- 
 road; N. S. Thompson, drug-store; Hiram Tuthill, 
 dry -goods, groceries, etc. ; M. E. Clark, groceries ; 
 J. T. Thompson, hardware; King & Board, feed, 
 lumber, etc. ; J. P. Bull, confectionery and tobacco, 
 also postmaster; S. Haddan, carriage manufactory; 
 Masterson Brothers, dry-goods, groceries, etc. ; T. H. 
 Bryan, sash, blinds, and coal; the Howland House, 
 built by Daniel Conklin about 1844, and now kept 
 by J. C. Howland ; D. H. Rose, groceries, coal, feed ; 
 S. Suffern, meat-market; J. G. Kerner, boots and 
 shoes; Masten Brothers, restaurant; Samuels' cloth- 
 ing-store ; Misses Snowden, millinery ; Mrs. Wilkin, 
 millinery and dress-making; barber-rooms by Fisher, 
 also by Hildebrandt; Charles M. Crissey, chair-fac- 
 tory and dealing in furniture ; W. H. Conklin, tailor; 
 Dr. Barcoe, dentist ; blacksmith-shops by Samuel 
 Wilkin, Joseph Gavin, and Charles Crist; Payne's 
 jewelry-store ; AVilliam C. Bodle, Timothy McGrath, 
 Kinner & Wilkin, onion dealers. 
 
 The Methodist church, the national bank, the 
 school-house of the primary dejiartment of the Union 
 School, Roe's Hall, and the new opera-house consti- 
 tute the public buildings of the place. These, 
 together with quite a number of fine private resi- 
 dences, form a pleasant as well as a stirring business 
 place. 
 
 WEST CHESTER 
 
 is situated about a mile from Chester. It is a small 
 hamlet, distinct fi-om the other villages sufficient to 
 have a separate name. There are located at this place 
 the creamery and cheese-factory of W. A. Lawrence, 
 and a tailor-shop, combined with something of a 
 grocery-store, by Charles House. At this place Frank 
 J. Murray resides, who does a large wholesale business 
 in buying veal calves and slaughtering for the New 
 York market. Near by, on the Otterkill, is the 
 Seeley grist-mill. This was formerly known as the 
 Daniel Denton mill. There is also a saw-mill in 
 connection. 
 
 EAST CHESTER 
 
 is the name given to the station of the Warwick Val- 
 ley Railway, a half-mile or more from Old Chester. 
 A small station-building, a blacksmith-shop by B. 
 DuBois, and a wagon-shop by Charles Olmstead are 
 about all that can be mentioned at that place. 
 
 GRAY COURT STATION. 
 This is au important railway junction. The New- 
 burgh Branch of the Erie Railway unites with the 
 
CHESTEE. 
 
 G17 
 
 main line at this point, and the Warwick Valley Rail- 
 road also. The railroad business is naturally of con- 
 siderable extent. A few residences have been erected 
 near. There is a hotel and restaurant by John Proc- 
 tor, and a store by Thomas Stevenson. 
 
 THE SALEM NEI6HB0UH00D 
 is a pleasant district on the east or southeast part of 
 the town. The Protestant Methodist Church of Ches- 
 ter is located there, and a school-house, but there is 
 no trade or other business there except farming. 
 
 SUGAR-LOAF VILLAGE 
 takes its name from the mountain and the valley, both 
 known by that name in the early settlement. At this 
 place is the Craus' Hotel, and there are stores by J. 
 Vanduzer and W. W. Elmer, and one or two shops 
 or other business places. The Methodist church, 
 a school-house, and a few residences complete the 
 village. The post-office was established about 1825. 
 The first postmaster was Josiah Howell. He was suc- 
 ceeded, 1830 or 1831, by Edgar Wells. His succes- 
 sors have been A. A. Ackley, William Hallock, N. 
 W. Conklin, 1864 to 1873 ; W. W. Elmer, for about 
 three months ; N. W. Conklin, reappointed, and re- 
 taining the office at the present time. 
 
 VI.-SCHOOLS. 
 
 There is little or no information to be obtained in 
 any authentic form about the early schools. Soon 
 after the organization of the town the control of the 
 .schools was taken from the towns and given to the 
 district commissioners, so there are no town school 
 officers to be named. 
 
 CHESTER ACADEMY. 
 This was founded in 1845. The old book of records 
 was probably destroyed in one of the fires which have 
 occurred in Chester, and we cannot give the names of 
 the founders nor of the first board of trustees. A 
 building was erected immediateh', being the one now 
 occupied by the academic department of the Union 
 School. The school had quite a flourishing existence 
 for some years, being under the care of the regents of 
 the university, and sharing in the distribution of the 
 Literature Fund. William Bross and Stephen Bross 
 were the first teachers, the former of whom after- 
 wards became Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois. Rev. 
 Phineas Robinson was principal from 1849 to 1857. 
 He was succeeded for one year by H. Osburn. Ed- 
 ward Orton taught here from 1859 to 1865, now a 
 l)rofessor in the Ohio State University at Columbus. 
 A. Phinney was in charge from 1865 to 1868, and 
 J. H. Cunningham taught for a time just before the 
 change to a union school. 
 
 CHESTER UNION FREE SCHOOL, No. I, 
 the successor of the academy, was organized in the 
 fall of 1869. It was a consolidation of three former 
 districts, including a portion of the town of Goshen, 
 
 40 
 
 The first meeting was held, pursuant to legal notice, 
 Nov. 6, 1869. Of this meeting Robert W. Colfax was 
 chairman, and Lewis Masterson secretary. At the 
 next meeting, November 12th, the enterprise was ac- 
 complished and the first Board of Education chosen, 
 viz. : David R. Feagles, John B. Tuthill, Joseph 
 Durland, Cornelius B. Wood, Charles P. Smith. The 
 first president of the board was David R. Feagles; 
 Joseph Durland was clerk, and William B. King 
 treasurer. The latter had already served several 
 years as treasurer of the academy, and he has been 
 retained to the present time, making some twenty 
 years' service as the custodian of the school moneys. 
 The present board (October, 1880) consists of C. P. 
 Smith, Alfred B. Roe, D. Howell Roe, Hiram Tuthill, 
 and J. Hudson Board. The president is C. P. Smith, 
 and the clerk Hiram Tuthill. The succession of 
 principals has been H. P. Robinson, F. R. Ferris, N. 
 H. Hart, William Simpson, for many years, and J. S. 
 Eaton, the latter closing with the spring term of 
 1880. 
 
 The academic department is in the old academy at 
 Chester village. The present teachers at that place 
 are B. C. Nevins, Miss R. M. Everts, Miss A. M. 
 Gaunt, and Miss M. B. Seeley. A primary depart- 
 ment is maintained in the old school-house at the 
 depot village. This is now taught by Miss C. S. 
 Thompson. This union district includes the entire 
 group of villages, — Chester, West Chester, East 
 Chester, Chester at the Erie depot, and Gray Court 
 Station. 
 
 VII.-CHUBCHES. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF CHESTER 
 made a legal organization Dec. 26, 1826. The cer- 
 tificate was signed by Joseph Sherwood and James 
 Holbert as inspectors of the election, and the trustees 
 chosen were David Roe, Henry Seeley, James Hol- 
 bert, Elnathan Satterly, Joseph Sherwood, and Town- 
 send Seeley. This church has a much older history 
 than the above date shows, which is fully developed 
 in the following paper, furnished by the pastor: 
 
 "Previous to the Revolutionary war tlie families living in the village 
 of Chester and vicinity were in the liaMt of huUling puhiic religious ser- 
 vices iu the school-room and in private houses. It was in the year pre- 
 vious to the declaration of independence that tlie first steps were taken 
 towards erecting a meeting-house. Subsciiptions were made of money, 
 material, and labor ; timber was felled and partly drawn, when the enter- 
 prise was suspended by the call to arms, 
 
 " Immediately at the close of the war the labor of erecting a house of 
 worship was resumed. A building was raised and inclosed, and, though 
 not coni]deted and rudely furnished, wjtsin use for several yoare. Its loca- 
 tion was on the east side of the main street in the 'old' village of Chester, 
 on or near the ground now occupied by the hotel. The cost of this un- 
 finished building was $1390. 
 
 " It was not until 1799 that a settled minister was obtained for the con- 
 gregation, the services meanwhile of jireachers from abroad being 
 secured as often as possible. In that year Rev. Simeon R. Jones was en- 
 gaged to occupy the pulpit statedly at an annual salary of about S75, but 
 this to be supplemented by a small stipend for services as teacher of the 
 village school. Mr. Jones' ministry was a successful one. The congre- 
 gation rapidly grew, his salary was soon increased, he was relieved from 
 teaching, and the church building was completed and furnished. The 
 
618 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 log seats were removed and replaced by square pews. A round box- 
 pulpit was introduced, galleries were erected on three sides of the room, 
 and a steeple was raised. The cost of these additions and improvements 
 was $1692, and therefore of the building entire S3n8J, Ity the sale of 
 pews whic'li followed the sum of $3404 was obtained. The edifice was 
 dedicated on Sabbath, Sept. 19, 1802. 
 
 " Up to this period there was no church organization. The stated min- 
 ister was a licentiate under the care of the Morris and Westchester As- 
 sociate Presbytery, a seceding body from the Presbytery of New York, 
 and it was probably by his influence that the Christian people of Chester 
 were organized into a church by and under the care of this Associate 
 Presbytery, which met at Chester for this purpose on Aug. 30, 1803. The 
 persons constituting the organization were 21 in number, and the church 
 being partly Congregational in order, Gen. Setb Marion and Jonathan 
 Hallock were chosen deacons. 
 
 " During the firet year that the church was organized 62 persons were 
 added to the membership. Mr. Jones' ministry ended in 1805, and he 
 was succeeded in tlie pastorate by Rev. Daniel Crane, who served the 
 church but three years at this time, for be was a few years afterwards 
 recalled. About this period the Associate Presbytery of Morris and West- 
 chester dissolving, and the church at Chester being accoidingly left 
 without ecclesiastical connection, it was in the year 1810 taken under the 
 care of the Presbytery of Hudson. 
 
 "On July o, 1811, the Presbytery of Hudson met at Chester, and or- 
 dained and installed as piistor of the church Mr. Noah Coe. Mr. Coe 
 was succeeded by Kev. James H, Thomas, who was installed Oct. 12, 1814. 
 Mr. Thomas' pastorate continued for neat ly thirteen years, and was richly 
 blessed in the growth and prosperity of the church. During the yeara 
 of 1820-21, 140 were added to the membership, making a total of over 
 200. 
 
 "Mr. Thomas was followed by Kev. Daniel Crane, a former pastor. 
 During liis second tt^rm of ministry a new church building was erected. 
 Another site was chosen, and was where at present is situated the church 
 cemetery. This second church building was dedicated Dec. 25, 1829. Mr, 
 Crane's health failing, he was compelled to resign his ministry in Ches- 
 ter, and was dismissed by Presbytei'y in the year 1830, Rev. John B. 
 Fish succeeded hitn, who remained witli the church but three years, and ' 
 was followed in turn by Rev. Isaac C. Beach, whose pastorate continued 
 for ten years. Mr. Beach's ministry was signally crowned by God, to the . 
 edification of the church and the large increase of its membership. 
 
 " The Rev. James W. Wood (brother of the late Rev. Daniel Wood, of 
 Middletown) began his ministry in 1845, though he was not instjilled until 
 Jan. 27, 1840. Mr. Wood was born at Florida, this county, Oct. 25, 1813, 
 graduated from Lafayette College in 1837, and three yeara later from the 
 Union Theological Seminary at New York, and was licensed to preach 
 by the Presbytery of Hudson in September, 1839. His first settlement 
 was at Deckertown, N. J., and from that place he was called tg the 
 church of Chester. During liis ministry, and mainly by his exertions, 
 the congregation was moved to erect a third cliurcb edifice, the building 
 at present in use. Again a new site was chosen, and ground was broken , 
 April 9, 1853. The new building was dedicated Jnnuary 4th of the fol- 
 lowing year. Dr, Wood's pastoi'ate continued for more than seventeen 
 years. From this place he was called to the Presbyterian Church at 
 Allentown, Pa., where he still labors. 
 
 " Rev. Thomas Nichol was ordained and installed in April, 1SC2. He 
 served the church with ability lor about eight years, and was followed 
 by the present pastor. Rev. Theodore A. Leggett. Mr. Leggett Js the son 
 of Rev. John U. Leggett, formerly pastor of the Second Presbyterian 
 Church at Middletown, and previously to this, for twenty-two years, of the 
 Hopewell Church, town of Crawford. He wa.s born in Crawford, Dec. 20, i 
 1845, graduated at Princeton College in 18C5, and from the Princeton ' 
 Theological Seminary in 1868. He was called from a settlement in New 
 York to this church in 1871. During his ministry, which still continues, 
 the church of Chester has reached its greatest strength in membei-ship 
 and its highest general prosperity." 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUKCH OF SALEM 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Sept. 17, 1868. 
 It was signed by E. Stevens and Walter H. Benjamin. 
 The trustees named therein were Elisha Stevens, ' 
 Walter H. Benjamin, Abram Stewart, George Ste- 
 vens, and David Stevens. This organization was not ' 
 continued. By its date it appears to have been made 
 the same day that the Protestant Methodist Church i 
 
 was incorj)orated, given below. There was doubtless 
 some diseussion as to which form of church order had 
 better be adopted, and two organizations were tem- 
 porarily made. 
 
 THE METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH OF SALEM 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Sept. 7, 1868. 
 It was signed by E. Miller and Charles Fitzgerald, 
 and the trustees named therein were Edward Mills, 
 Charles Fitzgerald, Chauneey S. Horton, A. E. Conk- 
 lin, and John H. Green. This church exists at the 
 present time, though services are not held, except 
 occasionally. They have a pleasant rural chapel, 
 which is a matter of considerable convenience to the 
 neighborhood, and a very fiourishing Sabbath-school 
 is maintained under the superintendence of Charles 
 B. Roe. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF SUGAR- 
 LOAF, WARWICK, 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Aug. 6, 1809, 
 at the house of Thomas Weadons. The paper was 
 signed by Thomas AVoolsey and Jesse Wood, Jr., as 
 inspectors of election, and the trustees chosen were 
 Henry Wisner, Jr., Joseph Beach, Andrew Cunning- 
 ham, Benjamin Wells, Richard Wisner, Horace Ketch- 
 um, Elijah Stevens, John D. Conkling, Benjamin 
 Horton. This is an old point of Methodist work, as 
 shown by the early date above given. No statistics 
 have been sent In' the pastor in reply to our invita- 
 tion. (See general chapter on religious societies.) 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF CHESTER. 
 The pastor of this church furnishes the following 
 paper with reference to this society : 
 
 "The Methodist Episcopal Church of Chester was organized in 1837, 
 and the first service held in the house of Job Hall by the preacher in 
 charge of the Sugar-Loaf Circuit. Among the first members were William 
 L. Foster, Anna Masterson, Iier daughter Mary, and son William, who 
 remained an active and influential member to the day of his death. Tlie 
 society worshiped for some time in private houses, but finally secured 
 the use of the academy, in which preaching services were held every two 
 weeks. In 1850, under the plea that the renting of the academy for other 
 than educational purposes was contrary to the charter, the small strug- 
 gling society were refused its further use for religious worship. They 
 then secured the ball-room of the old Yelvei ton house, in which they 
 worshiped several montlis. In tlie mean time tlie trustees of the academy 
 had revoked tlieir former decision, and the society again occupied it for 
 worship. In 1851 lliey determined to build a churcli. The land was 
 purchased, and on Jan. 26, 1852, at a meeting duly called and organized, 
 seven trustees were elected, viz.: C. B. Wood, William L. Foster, Daniel 
 Conklin, S. R. Banker, J. T. Johnson, William Masterson, and B. G. Mc- 
 Cabe. The following summer the present church was built, with a seat- 
 ing capacity of 400, and in October dedicated by Bishop E. S. Janea, the 
 building and property costing 84500. 
 
 " In 1807 the church was enlarged by the addition of a lecture-room, 
 class-rooms, etc., at an expense of glOOO, and in 1872 the main audience- 
 room was remodeled and beautified, costing S'iOOO more. At the Confer- 
 ence of 1854, Chester, which up to this time had been connected with the 
 Sugar Loaf Circuit, was made a station, and Rev. B. M. Gennng appointed 
 pastor. In 1855 a parsonage was bought for $900, in which the preach- 
 ers liveii until 1878, when the present parsonage, the late residence of 
 Dr. Smith, was bought, and the old one sold. 
 
 "The following pa.'itors have served the church: 1864-55, B. M. Ge- 
 nnng; 1856, R. A. Chalker; 1857-58, C. 1>. Foss; 1859, J. P. Hermance ; 
 1860-61, E. L. Prentice; 1862-03, William Ostrauder ; 1864-65, H. G. 
 Browning; 1866-67, P. R. Hawxhurst; 1868-70, William E. Clarke; 
 
CHESTER. 
 
 619 
 
 1871-73, C.W. Millard; 1874-75, J. P. Hermance; 1876-78, Geo, Clarke; 
 1S79, G. N. Pratt. Mr. Pratt was taken sick soou after Conference, and, 
 after a brief and broken pastorate of seven months, died. The pulpit 
 was supplied during the winter by P. P. Harrower. 1880, J. Rowe. 
 
 "The present membership is lGl,and the valuation of property, in- 
 cluding church and parsonage, SI^,5U0. 
 
 " The officers of tlie church are: Trustees, C. B. Wood, J. T. Johnson, 
 Wni. C. Bodle, D. H. Koe, Lewis Masterson, H. \V. Wood, John King, .1. 
 R. Pitts, Francis Murray; Stewards, Abrani Wright, Wni. A. Lawi'ence, 
 J. T. Thompson, Henry Masterson, C. Foss Wood, Charles Kerner, Elias 
 Masten, Mortimer Crist, Roswell Chamberlain ; Sunday-school Superin- 
 tendent, .1. T. Thompson. C. B. Wood, J. T. Johnson, and H. W. Wood 
 have each served as trustees, through successive re-elections, every year 
 since their firet election, the first two in 18.^'2, and the last in 18.53, be- 
 sides filling otiier important offices. 
 
 "The Sunday-school, which was organized when the church was built, 
 is iu a prosperous condition, numbering at present 116 scholar's and 18 
 officers and teachers. The church has steadily progressed in numbers 
 and influence since its organization, and hopes for greater prosperity in 
 the future." 
 
 VIII.-BUKIAL-PLACES. 
 The remains of an old burial-place may be seen in 
 the village of Chester. The newer grounds in the 
 villages are in very good preservation. 
 
 THE GRAY COURT CEMETERY ASSOCIATION 
 was incorporated Nov. 19, 1856. The meeting was 
 held at t)ie house of William Eoe, and William Roe ; 
 was appointed chairman, Dewitt C. Thompson, secre- 
 tary. The trustees appointed were William Roe, | 
 Cortland S. Marvin, Henry C. Griggs, Dewitt C. i 
 Thompson, Wicks Seeley, Seeley C. Roe. This ceme- 
 tery is not far from the site of the Gray Court house 
 of early times, north or northwest of the " meadows," 
 and is rather handsomely laid out and well cared for. 
 
 IX.-SOCIETIES, LIBRAKIES, BANKS, Etc. 
 STANDARD LODGE, No. 711, F. AND A. M., 
 was instituted July 27, 1871. Its first officers were 
 John F. Mackie, W. Master; N. Demerest, S. War- 
 den; T. H. Bryan, Junior Warden. Its charter mem- 
 bers were John F. Mackie, of Warwick Lodge; N. 
 Demerest, of Goshen ; T. H. Bryan, of Hoffman ; G. 
 W. Clark, of Hoffman ; Samuel Marvin, of Goshen ; 
 George Parsons, of Goshen ; C. 0. Van Vliet, of 
 Goshen ; Nathan Bryan, of Goshen ; E. T. Jackson, 
 of Goshen; N. K.Crotty, of Goshen; Josephs. Young, 
 of Goshen ; Dr. H. P. Ferris, of Warwick. The lodge 
 is located in East Chester, one mile from Erie Rail- j 
 road depot. 
 
 THE CHE.^TER LIBRARY 
 was incorporated Nov. 17, 1797. The trustees named 
 in the certificate were David Webb, James Bradner, ! 
 Abijah Yelverton, Peter Townsend, Colville Carpen- 
 ter, Joseph Wickham, and Nathan Jones. The cer- 
 tificate was verified before Judge Wickham, and re- 
 corded Nov. 18, 1797. 
 
 This was located at Chester village, and Mr. George 
 Board states that Abijah Yelverton was the librarian. 
 He has heard his mother sjieak of obtaining books 
 there. The library was probably never very large. 
 
 It was discontinued after a few years and the books 
 
 sCcittprGcl 
 
 CHESTER NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 This institution, originally founded as a State 
 bank, was established by the following gentlemen, 
 who signed articles of association Aug. 23, 1845. 
 The subscription to the stock had been made during 
 a few weeks preceding, beginning with June 30th : 
 Alex. Wright, Wm. H. Houston, Francis Tuthill, 
 Gabriel Seeley, Jesse Bull, Benjamin Sayer, Jr., Peter 
 Townsend, Jr., James Wheeler, James Bradner, Henry 
 W. Owen, Jesse Oldfleld, William W. Brook, Alsop 
 V. Aspell, Josiah Seeley, Wm. Bross, Daniel Wood, 
 James B.Wheeler, Hulb. Coleman, Gabriel Coleman, 
 John Wood, Bradner Coleman, Jesse Wood, Chas. H. 
 Thompson, Joel Coleman, John M. Bull, Charles C. 
 Wheeler, James B. Wood, Jr., Gabriel Houston, Louis 
 D. Parkhurst, .Tacob H. Feegles, Jonas Seeley, Charles 
 Cumens, by J. Seeley, John H. Yelverton, Seeley C. 
 Roe, James Burt, Jr., Samuel Wilson, James Burt, 
 William Waterbury, John R. Wilson, Townsend & 
 Brothers, Edniond Seeley, Benjamin Bradner, Henry 
 Brewster, Nathan S. Vail, Cornelius C. Demerest, 
 Frederick Demerest, Sarah Demerest, by F. Demerest, 
 Ezra San ford, H. Weeden, Andrew J. Durland, John 
 Sly, Fanny Benedict, R. M. Murray & Co., Joseph M. 
 Brown, Isaac A. Storm, G. L. Dolsen, Johnes, Otis & 
 Co., Abraham Forshee, Henry Wisner, Isaac T. Storm, 
 Warren S. Rumsey, Wm. Coleman, D. Irwin, D. M. 
 Wilson & Co., O. S. Jennings, John Romer, Oliver 
 Clark, Marcus Sears, E. H. Pray, Fred. H. Brewster, 
 Phineas R. Coleman. 
 
 The first directors were Alexander Wright, Francis 
 Tuthill, Gabriel Seeley, Jesse Bull, Peter Townsend, 
 Jr., James Wheeler, Henry W. Owen, Alsop V. Aspell, 
 James B. Wheeler, Gabriel Coleman, Jesse Wood, 
 Jonas Seeley, James Burt, Jr., John R. Wilson, 
 David Hynard. 
 
 The association immediately contracted for the 
 erection of the present building, and it was built 
 during that fall and the ensuing winter. .lames 
 Hazard was the builder. The bank was opened for 
 business about the 21st of May, 1846. The first presi- 
 dent of the bank was James Wheeler, who served 
 until June, 1851. His successor was Edward L. 
 Welling, who continued in the office until his death 
 in the winter of 1855. In June of that year James 
 Burt was chosen, and is still the president after a ser- 
 vice of over twenty-five years. These throe presidents 
 were all from the town of Warwick. The first cashier 
 was Alexander Wright, who served until June, 1851. 
 He was succeeded by Mr. John T. Johnson, who is 
 still cashier, now in his thirtieth year of service. The 
 capital stock was $100,400 at the organization. It 
 was increased to $125,500 at a subsequent date. The 
 institution became a national bank in 1865. 
 
 The present board of directors (October, 1880) con- 
 sists of James Burt (who has been a director from 
 1845), James B. Wheeler, Ezra Sanford, Bradner 
 
620 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Coleman, Charles H. Thompson, Devvitt C. Jayne, 
 Henry W. Owen, Nathan E. Feagles, Cornelius B. 
 Wood, Nathaniel R. Bradner, John T. Johnson, 
 Nathaniel Roe, Ira Bull. 
 
 John T. Johnson. — His grandfather, James John- 
 son, was of Welsh descent, and married, in New York 
 City, a Miss Vantilburg, who was born in Holland, 
 who bore him an only child, John, father of our sub- 
 ject. John Johnson was born in Newark, N. J., in 
 1763, married for his first wife a Miss Townsend, who 
 bore him an only child, Sarah, who became the wife 
 of Edward James, a lawyer in Goshen, where he died. 
 
 For his second wife John Johnson married Orpha, 
 widow of Timothy Little, and daughter of Col. John 
 Tuthill, of Blooming-( Trove, Orange Co. She was 
 born Nov. 11, 1781, and died June 15, 1855, leaving 
 an only child, the subject of this sketch. 
 
 While a young man John Johnson came to Goshen, 
 where he established himself in the saddle and har- 
 ness business, which he carried on until his death, 
 which occurred June 25, 1821. He was a member of 
 the Episcopal Church at that place, and his second 
 wife a member of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 John T. Johnson was born in Goshen, Feb. 18, 1815, 
 and was therefore only six years of age when his 
 father died. He resided with his maternal grand- 
 father, Col. Tuthill, who was one of the first settlers 
 of Erin, Chemung Co., N. Y., until he was fifteen 
 years old, when he came to Chester, and was a clerk 
 in the store of his uncle, Francis Tuthill, of that 
 place, for the following seven years. For one year 
 following he was a clerk in the store of Townsend 
 & Kinnej', at Peru, 111., and then took up 300 acres 
 of land on Fox River, in that State, where, however, 
 he remained only a short time. For three years fol- 
 lowing he was the clerk of Harden Bigelow, con- 
 tractor of the Illinois Central Railroad. He then 
 engaged as clerk for Isaac Abram, of Peru, and in 
 1843 again entered the service of Mr. Bigelow, and 
 had charge of shipping the railroad iron for him. 
 
 The same year he returned to Chester, and was a 
 clerk until 1847 in the store of Tuthill & Seeley, 
 when he became a partner in the business, under the 
 firm-name of Tuthill, Seeley & Johnson, his uncle 
 withdrawing and John B. Tuthill becoming a member 
 of the concern. In this relation he continued until 
 1851, when he was elected cashier of the Chester 
 Bank, with Edward L. Welling as president. Mr. 
 Welling served as president until 1855, and was 
 superseded by James Burt, who held the office until 
 Jan. 11, 1881, when Mr. Johnson, who had remained 
 cashier from his first election, was chosen president, 
 which position he holds at the present time, thus 
 being for a period of thirty years identified with the 
 history of that bank. Since his connection with the 
 bank his financial ability has been recognized as safe, 
 judicious, and honest. Prior to this he took some 
 interest in local political matters, and for one term 
 served as supervisor of Chester. His life has been 
 
 devoted to business, and he is known as a man of 
 strict integrity in all the relations of life, well in- 
 formed upon the current topics of the times, sociable, 
 frank in his manner, and a substantial citizen. 
 
 X.— PLACES OF HISTORICAL INTEREST. 
 GKAV COURT 
 is the old historic name bestowed by the first settler, 
 Daniel Cromeline, upon his estate, in imitation of 
 English custom, and it was applied to his dwelling, 
 — which subsequently became a famous hostelry of 
 ante-Revolutionary times, — to the hamlet that grew 
 up around him, and to the meadows in this vicinity. 
 
 The old Gray Court or Cromeline house stood on 
 the north or northeast side of the meadows, some- 
 what opposite to the present railroad station of the 
 same name. It was taken down within the memory of 
 many persons now living. Its site was very nearly 
 the same as that of the dwelling now occupied by 
 Widow Wisner. The present house was erected by 
 Francis Woodhull, who owned the place for some 
 years. The site must be considered a place of historic 
 interest. 
 
 In 1776, Chester was m.ide a point of rendezvous 
 for the militia of Ulster and Orange, under command 
 of Gen. George Clinton. They were there for some 
 little time, giving rise to the tradition that a portion 
 of the Continental army encamjjed there, which is not 
 correct. The militia encamped upon the Townsend 
 place, and the officers boarded at the house of Wm. 
 Vail. Some detachments doubtless occupied other 
 points. Mrs. Hoffman, of Goshen, has relics picked 
 up from the camping-grouiid upon her ancestor's farm, 
 a mile or so distant from the above place. 
 
 SUGAR-LOAF MOUNTAIN 
 rises majestically, in a conical form, several hundred 
 feet above the level of the surrounding lands. The 
 apex of the cone is covered with a woody top-knot or 
 crest, which gives it a pleasant and gay appearance. 
 "Eager's History" gives the following: 
 
 " On a farm iu this vicinity, owned by Mr. Jonathan Archer,* Uiere 
 was an Indian bnrying-gronnil at the early settlement of the country. 
 Our informant, upwards of eighty-six years old, said elie saw it fre- 
 quently before the Revolution, and once afterwards. She thought there 
 were about thirty graves. Around each grave there were pieces of split 
 wood, set in the ground so close as almost to touch each other, and higher 
 than her head. There was no regularity in the position of the graves. 
 These, doubtless, were the honored receptacles of chiefs and warriors; 
 for, from all we have learned upon inquiry through the county, it ap- 
 pears that such were not interred in a common yard with other Indians. 
 While each tribe or settlement had a common receptacle for depositing 
 the dead, several settlements, though many miles apart, buried their 
 chiefs iu ground appropriated for the purpose ; so that while the lat- 
 ter were few in number, the former were numerous. When a chief was 
 buried the Indians attended from a great distance around." 
 
 XI.-INDTJSTRIAL PURSUITS. 
 
 Agriculture is the principal business of the people 
 of Chester. There are many good farms in the town. 
 
 * Probably the present Richard Bull farm was the one mentioned by 
 Mr. Kager, as that agrees with the local tradition of the present time. 
 
\ 
 

CHESTER. 
 
 621 
 
 The culture of onions has received special attention 
 upon the Gray Court meadows, and is a leading arti- 
 cle of export. These lands are very productive, though 
 farmers use fertilizers, notwithstanding the rich black 
 soil is of great depth. The Gray Court meadows are 
 worth from $400 to $700 per acre. They are owned 
 in small parcels, containing from one or two acres to 
 fifteen. This division is favorable to close cultiva- 
 tion, and enables a large number to avail themselves 
 of these famous lands. A thousand dollars' worth of 
 onions is sometimes taken yearly from a single acre. 
 The busine.ss is so extensive that there are no less than 
 three parties engaged in buying and shipping onions 
 at the market season of the year. These lands also 
 yield abundant crops of corn, and vegetables in con- 
 siderable quantities are raised. There is but little 
 manufacturing in town. 
 
 XII.-REBELLION KECOKD. 
 
 Although the town sufl'ered the loss of its records 
 by fire, fortunately, through the efforts of Mr. James 
 B. Stevens, supervisor in 1864, assisted by Mr. J. G. 
 Clark, a very complete statement of the part taken by 
 the town in the war of the Rebellion was filed in the 
 Bureau of Military Records. From this statement 
 and from other reliable sources the following list has 
 been comjiiled. Officers of towns who failed to 
 perform a similar duty will perhaps see in Mr. Ste- 
 vens' work the importance of attention to such mat- 
 ters. The absence of similar records in other towns 
 is a neglect which has no reasonable excuse. 
 
 The town of Chester furnished at the outbreak of 
 the war and prior to July, 1862, 34 men, viz. : 
 
 Militia 2 
 
 Eighteenth Regiment 7 
 
 Fifty-sixth Regiment 7 
 
 Forty-fourth Begiment 3 
 
 Forty-eighth Regiment 7 
 
 Seventieth Regiment 1 
 
 Ninetieth Regiment .S 
 
 Cavalry 2 
 
 First Regiment 1 
 
 Engineers 1 
 
 Total 34 
 
 The quota assigned to the town under the calls of 
 July and August, 1862, was 57, and the town was 
 credited by the senatorial committee with 65, a sur- 
 plus of 8. The enlistments were : 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty- Corcoran 's Brigade 2 
 
 fourth Regiment 36 — 
 
 One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Total 65 
 
 Regiment 27 
 
 The quota under the draft of July, 1863, was 34, 
 which number, with fifty per cent, additional, was 
 drawn. One (Edward L. Welling) sent substitute; 
 one (John Amhurst, colored) entered service, 23 com- 
 muted, and 26 were discharged. Total credits 25. 
 
 The calls for October, 1863, and February and 
 March, 1864, were merged calls, and also included the 
 July draft. The number of men required was : 
 
 To supply deficiencicB under draft of July '.H 
 
 Under all other calls 17 
 
 51 
 
 The town received credit for 25 under the July 
 draft, 29 enlistments in 1863, and 11 enlistments in 
 February, 1864; total, 65. Under these calls 44 men 
 were furnished. 
 
 Under the call of July, 1864, 26 men were fur- 
 nished. The quota under the December call was 4, 
 and was filled by 4 substitutes. On settlement with 
 the Paymaster-General the town was allowed an ex- 
 cess of seventy-four years, $14,800, and for substitutes 
 and volunteers, $2400 ; total, $17,200. 
 
 By subscription in 1862, paid for bounties $1,600 
 
 By bonds in 1864 15,350 
 
 Bv county bounties, 1863 12,000 
 
 By town bonds, 1864-66 5,233 
 
 $34,383 
 The Presbyterian Church of Chester contributed to San- 
 itary Commission and for support of six families 925 
 
 $35,308 
 Less repaid by State (above) 17,200 
 
 Total payments by town $28,108 
 
 VOLUNTEERS PRIOR TO JULY, 1862. 
 Diffely, Thomas, 18tb ; lion, discharged. 
 Murphy, James, 18th ; killed at Gaines' Mill. 
 Green, Samuel, 18th ; died of typhoid fever. 
 Bryan, Nathan, 18th : disch. at end of service. 
 Lawrence, Thomas, 18th; disch. at end of service. 
 Bramer, James, 18th ; disch. at end of service. 
 McCoy, Wm. B,, ISth ; disch. at end of service. 
 Fowler, Charles H., 18th ; died of fever, 1863. 
 Culver, Jesse, 44th. 
 Culver, Edward A., 44th. 
 
 Culver, Theodore, 44th ; hon. diach. Oct. 11,1864. 
 Ronk, John, 48th. 
 Robinson, Joseph, 48th. 
 Ennnous, Dallas, 48th. 
 Giddis, Charles J., 48th. 
 Howell, Caleb H., 48th. 
 French, Thomas, 56th ; died in service. 
 Ford, George, 56th. 
 Zindle, Rensselaer, 56th ; wounded. 
 Sweezy, Richard, 56th. 
 
 Coleman, Wm. H., 56th ; disch. for disability. 
 Maxwell, James, .56th ; disch. for disability. 
 Cox, Thomas, 56th ; died in service. 
 Runisey, Dubois B., 48th ; wounded at Fort Wagner. 
 Garrigan, James, 70th ; died of fever Nov. 6, 1861. 
 Banker, Josiah H., 90th ; wounded at Port Hudson. 
 Conkling, Alanson, 90th ; killed at Port Hudson, 1863. 
 Nichols, John, 90th. 
 Livingston, Jacob, cavalry. 
 Higgins, Benjamin F., cavalry. 
 Wood, Charles B., 71st M. ; disch. at end of service. 
 Murston, Isaac, 19th M.; disch. at end of service. 
 Cole, Charles M., 48th; sergt., Co. G. 
 Stalter, Peter, Ist Eng. 
 Cooper, Thomas, 56th. 
 Eaton, Henry E., 50th. 
 
 VOLUNTEERS, JULY AND AUGUST, 1862. 
 Acularius, Henry, Co. A, 124th ; wounded at Chancellorsville ; missing 
 
 in action May 12, 1864. 
 Armstrong, Uriah, Co. D, 16Gth or 17Gth. 
 Armstrong, Daniel, Co. D, 166tli. 
 Brady, John T., Co. C, 124th ; not mustered. 
 Bischeotr, Christian, Co. D, 166th. 
 Brownson, Edward, Co. I>, 166th. 
 Bodle, Charles W., Co. A, 124th ; wounded severely June 18, 1864 ; must 
 
 out by Gen. Order 77. 
 Benjamin, Elisha B., Co. D, 124th. 
 
 Bei^amin, Wells, Co. D, 124th ; must, out with regiment. 
 Babcock, George, Co. B, 124th ; disch. by court-martial Oct. I, 1863. 
 Cromwell, William, Co. D, 166th. 
 Curtis, John, Co. D, 166th. 
 
 Conklin. John H., Co. A, 124th ; must, out with regt. 
 Conklin, Isaac L., Co. A, 124th; wounded at Gettysburg; died at Sugap- 
 
 Loaf, Oct. 12, 1864. 
 Collister, William, Co. D, 124th; wounded at Gettysburg; trans, to 
 
 V. B. C. 
 
I 
 
 622 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Corwin, William R., Co. D, 166th-, died at New Orleans, Aug. 28, 1863. 
 
 Culbert, George, Co. D, 166tli. 
 
 Coleman, George W., Co. D, 166th; killed at Chancelloreville. 
 
 Cnlver, George, Co. D, 166th. 
 
 Cumuli OS, Francis M., 124th; lieut.-col., col. 
 
 Cooper, John \V., Co, D, 16()th. 
 
 Curry, David, Co. D, 124th ; must, out with regt. 
 
 Decker, John, Co. D, 166th ; died in New York, March 5, 1864. 
 
 Earl, Wni. S., Co. D, 166th. 
 
 Garrison, John M., Co. D, 121th ; wounded May 3, 1863, and May 12, 
 
 1864 ; must, out with regt. 
 Gray, Benjamin W., Co. D, 124th ; wounded in neck Blay 6, 1864 ; must. 
 
 out with regt. 
 Hyatt, Ezra, Co. D, 124th; wounded July 3, 1863; wounded May 12, 
 
 1 864 ; sergt. ; trans, to V. R. C. 
 Haweter, Samuel, Co. D, 166th. 
 Hall, Wm. H., Co. D, 166th ; died of wouuds received at Brashear City, 
 
 1863. 
 Johnson, Joseph L., Co. A, 124th ; must, out June 3, 1865. 
 Kehr, Peter, capt., Co. D, 166th. 
 Kane, Richard, Co. D, 166th. 
 Liiidsley, Edward, Core, Brig. 
 Miller, John, Co. D, 166th. 
 Mulvehall, Martin, 124th ; not on roll. 
 Messenge, John S., 124th. 
 McCoy, John, Co. D, 166tli. 
 
 McQuoid, William, Co. A, 124th ; disch. Fell. 8, 1864. 
 Maxwell, James, Co. D, 166th. 
 Morrison, James, 166th. 
 
 Odell, Napoleou B., Co. G, 124th ; disch. Feb. 3, 1863. 
 Odell, George W., Co. G, 124th ; wounded at Chaucellorsville. 
 Pilgrim, John, Co. D, 166tli ; died in New Orleans of consumption. 
 Quackenbush, Richard, Co, D, 124th; disch, Oct. 2, 1863. 
 Redner, James E., 166th ; wounded at Brashear City. 
 Ross, Moses P., Co. A, 124th ; trans, to non-com, staff as bugler, 
 Rikar, Ralph R,, Co. O, 124th ; sent to hosp, Nov, 6, 1862 ; must, out by 
 
 Gen, Order 77, 
 Smith, Nelson A,, 166th; wounded at Brashear city. 
 Shepherd, John, Co, A, 124th, 
 
 Smith, John W,, Co, D, 124th; disch, Aug. 21, 1863. 
 Simpson, James A., 124th. 
 Stephens, Epliraim, 124th. 
 Shultz, John M., 124th. 
 Thurston, Isaac, Core, Brig. 
 
 Taylor, John W., Co. A, 121th ; wounded at Chaucellorsville. 
 Van Strander, Perry, Co. D, 166th. 
 
 Valentine, Charles H., Co. A, 124th ; wounded at Gettysburg. 
 Van Houteu, Wm. B., Co, D, 124th ; trans, to non-com, stafl as sergt.- 
 
 maj. ; subsequently Ist lieut. 
 Vail, James H., 166th. 
 Van Ranipff, Julius, Co. D, 166th. 
 
 White, Gilbert, Co. D, 166th; died in 1862, before taking the field. 
 Wood, Charles B., 1st lieut., Co. A, 124th ; capt., July, 1863; wounded 
 
 May 12, 1864; disch. Sept. 21, 1864, 
 Wood, Peter L,, Co, A, 124tli; died March 18, 1863, of fever; buried at 
 
 Chester. 
 Wood, Wm, B, Co, A, 124th. 
 Wood, John C, 1st sergt., Co. A, 124th ; let lieut., Nov. 13, 1864; capt. 
 
 Feb. 26, 1865; must, out June 3, 1866. 
 Wood, Fred. F., Co. G, 124th; died at Falmouth, June 3, 1863, of wound 
 
 received at Chaucellorsville ; buried at Chester. 
 
 DRAFT OF 
 
 Coi'Delius, Johu H., commuted. 
 
 Showers, James H., " 
 
 Westervelt. Clias. H , ** 
 
 Rumsey, Thomas J., " 
 
 King, Andrew, " 
 Clark, John Q., 
 
 King, Edmond, " 
 
 Colwell, Wm. K., " 
 
 Lawrence, John, " 
 
 Knapp, Nathaniel, " 
 
 Fitzgerald, John, " 
 
 Vandoren, Ogden K., " 
 
 Roe, David, *' 
 
 Potter, Simeon L., ** 
 
 JULY, 1863. 
 Wisner, James T., commuted. 
 Murray, Hugh E., *' 
 
 Burney, Thomas, " 
 
 Durland, Joseph, " 
 
 Board, Joseph, " 
 
 Vail, Alisalom V., " 
 
 Benjamin, Walter II., *' 
 Koe, Miles H., " 
 
 Kelly, Barnard, " 
 
 John Amhurst, Colored, entered 
 
 service. 
 Edward L. Welling, sent substi- 
 tute. 
 
 VOLUNTEERS FROM JULY, 18«2, TO JULY, 1864. 
 
 Allen, Albert M., Colored, 2Uth Colored. 
 Amherst, Maurice, Colored, 20th Colored. 
 .Anderson, Alexander, Colored, 20th Colored. 
 Bryan, Matthew, 15th Cavalry. 
 Benjamin, Dunn V., 15th Cavalry. 
 Barto, Genrge W., Colored, 20th Colored. 
 Brown, Jacob, 15th Cavalry. 
 Cable, William, Colored, 2Uth Colored. 
 Cronk, Geo. H., 7th Art. 
 Clark, John. 
 
 DeGroot, George W., Colored, 20th Colored. 
 DeGroot, Henry, Colored, 20th Colored. 
 DeGroot, John H., Colored, 20th Colored. 
 DeGroot, George, Colored, 20th Colored. 
 DeGroot, Gilbert, Colored, 15th Art. 
 Edwards, William, 15th Cavalry. 
 French, Thomas, 56th. 
 Ford, George, Jr., 56th. 
 Foly, John. 
 
 Goreham, James B., Colored, 20th Colored. 
 Hyatt, William H., 15th Cavalry. 
 Halsey, Absalom, Colored, 20tb Colored. 
 Hays, John, 98th. 
 Kelly, Edward. 
 Keneday, Matthew. 
 
 McGuiuiss, David, Colored, 20th Colored. 
 McGuinisB, John, Colored, 20th Colored. 
 McGuiniss, Elijah, Colored. 2nth Colored. 
 Mapes, James, Colored, 20th Colored. 
 Mann, Wm. 11 , Cidored, 20tb Colored. 
 Marshall, John, loth Art. 
 Ballot, David, 15th Cavalry. 
 Powell, Theron K , Colored, 20th Colored. 
 Peterson, William, Colored, 20th Colored. 
 Randolph, Wm. J., Colored, 20th Colored. 
 Smith, John W., 15th Cavalry. 
 Sweezy, Wm., 56th. 
 Sweezy, Richard, 56th. 
 Sweezy, George, 56th ; vet. 
 Sweezy, Morris B. 
 Statler, Richard, I5tb Cavalry. 
 Statler, Wm. G., 15th Cavalry. 
 Soper, Henry. 
 Williams, Isaac. 
 Wood, David. 
 
 VOLUNTEERS 
 
 AND SUBSTITUTES, 
 JANUARY, 1865. 
 
 JULY'', 1864, TO 
 
 Roe, John W., fur. sub. 
 Wood, Cornelius B., fur. sub. 
 Hoyt, Joseph C, '* 
 
 Lane, John, '* 
 
 Hadden, Samuel, ** 
 
 Conkling, Walter J., " 
 Beatty, Wm., *' 
 
 Durland, Oscar, " 
 
 Carpenter, S. G., ** 
 
 Helms, Nathan E., " 
 
 Mills, Edward, " 
 
 Bodle, Wm. C, 
 Finney, James, 1st Eng. 
 Little, David, " 
 
 Vanderburgh, Etlingham, 1st Eng. 
 Thorn, Edward, " 
 
 Smith, Isaac, " 
 
 Fosdyke, David M., " 
 
 Roe, Alfred A., fur. sub. 
 Holbert, S. S., '* 
 
 Roe, Charles B., " 
 Banker, Thaddeus W., fur. eub. 
 Ackerly, Daniel E., " 
 
 Tuthill, John B., " 
 
 Van Kleeck, *' 
 
 Browning, Rev. W. G., " 
 Garvin, Joseph, " 
 
 Houston, Samuel B. " 
 
 Burk, Patrick, " 
 
 Stevens, Mills D., " 
 
 Davis, John S., 1st Eng. 
 Merritt, James M., let Eng. 
 Hurd, William, '* 
 
 Dusenberry, Henry D., Ist Eng. 
 Giles, James H., " 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 JESSE ROE. 
 Jonas Koe came from Scotland with two of his 
 brothers, and settled at Florida, Orange Co., N. Y., 
 about the year 1730. A deed of the property owned 
 
"r^.f^^ ^/t^~e^ 
 
n 
 
/!M 
 
 6 
 
 '^^^W/^^^'^ 
 
CHESTER. 
 
 623 
 
 by him is dated 1737 and written on parchment. He 
 reared a family of seven sons and several daughters, 
 of whom Nathaniel resided in Unionville, and has 
 several descendants there ; William and Jonas have 
 descendants also in Orange County. Benjamin and 
 George married and reared femilies in Sussex Co., 
 N. J., where they settled in 1798. 
 
 Cajit. Nathaniel Roe, grandfather of our subject, 
 and a descendant of one of the original settlers, owned 
 and settled the property in the town of Chester now 
 in possession of the heirs of Jesse Roe, upon which 
 he settled in 1751. In 1762 he built a house on this 
 farm, consisting of .500 acres, which remained the 
 homestead domicile until 1845, when it was torn down 
 and the present residence erected by Jesse Roe. Na- 
 thaniel Roe died in 1813, aged eighty-one, and his 
 wife, Susannah, died within forty-eight hours of the 
 time of his death, aged eighty-three years. 
 
 Nathaniel, son of Nathaniel Roe, born Aug. 11, 
 1761, resided upon this home.stead his whole life, own- 
 ing some 300 acres, which comprises its present size. 
 He died May 23, 1833. Both he and his wife, Mary 
 Satterly, whom he married April 4, 1782, were attend- 
 ants of the Presbyterian Church at Chester, of which 
 she was a member and one of its founders. She was 
 born March 29, 1703, and died Oct. 8, 1840. Their 
 children were Betsy, born April 24, 1787, the wife of 
 Thaddeus Seeley, of Chester; Abigail, born May 12, 
 1789, the wife of Garret Curry, and died in Chester ; 
 Lewis H., born Dec. 2, 1790; Juliana, born Jan. 26, 
 1793, the wife of John Green, of Chester ; Thomas W., 
 born Feb. IS, 1795; Nathaniel S., born Feb. 13, 1799; 
 William, born March 12, 1801 ; Genest M., born Aug. 
 16, 1804 ; and Jesse, born July 2, 1806. All were mar- 
 ried and reared families except Nathaniel, who died 
 young. 
 
 Jesse Roe succeeded to the homestead, and married, 
 Feb. 1.5, 1832, Dolly Caroline, daughter of Jesse and 
 Dolly (Watkins) Booth, of Hamptonburgh, who was 
 born June 18, 1812, and survives in 1881. Mr. Roe, 
 like his forefathers, devoted his life to agricultural 
 pursuits. He was a thoroughgoing farmer, and a man 
 of strict integrity and correct habits. 
 
 At th(! age of sixteen he became a member of the 
 Presbyterian Church at Chester, of which his wife 
 was also a member, and which he ofhcially served as 
 elder and trustee for many years. He was a director 
 in the Chester Bank during the latter years of his life, 
 and died Sept. 21, 1876, leaving his property, which 
 he obtained partly by purchase and partly by inherit- 
 ance, to his children. 
 
 The children of Jesse Roe are George, born Nov. 
 12, 1832, died June 27, 1850; Thomas H., a fUrmer 
 of Blooming-Grove ; Harriet, wife of Chas. R. Bull, 
 of the same town ; Alfred B., residing on the old 
 homestead ; Virgil, born Nov. 19, 1843, died July 9, 
 1863 ; Mary, wife of J. Erskine Mills, a druggist of 
 Middletown, N. Y. ; and Matilda, born Oct. 27,' 1849, 
 died May 1, 1867. 
 
 JAMES DURLAND. 
 His grandfather, Charles Durland, came from Long 
 Island in 1756, and was engaged on the frontier in 
 the French and Indian war. After its close he mar- 
 ried Jane Swartwout and settled on a farm, a part of 
 which is now owned by the subject of this sketch. 
 In 1783 he built the residence now on the place, and 
 which has been the homestead domicile since. He 
 was exempted from service in the struggle of the 
 colonies for independence, and died about 1800, aged 
 sixty-seven. His children were Mary (wife of Mr. 
 Wood, of Minisink), Garret, Joseph, John, Charles, 
 Elizabeth (wife of Vincent Wood, of Goshen), Ro- 
 sannah (wife of Peter Holbert, of Minisink), and 
 Samuel. All of these children married and reared 
 families in Orange County. 
 
 Joseph, son of Charles, born March 31, 1762, was a 
 scout during the close of the Revolutionary struggle. 
 He married Martha Board, of Ringwood, N. J., who 
 bore him children, — Charles, Elizabeth (wife of Jonas 
 King), James, and Thomas, who were both drowned 
 in a pond near the homestead while young. His 
 second wife, Sally, daughter of Samuel Satterly, bore 
 him the following children : Martha (widow of John 
 M. Bull, of Blooming-Grove), Jonas, Samuel, Ke- 
 ziah (died young), Susan (wife of George Mapes, of 
 Goshen), James, Thomas, and Seeley. Joseph Dur- 
 land, with his brother Samuel, inherited the home- 
 stead, the former making for his homestead the place 
 now owned by James Durland, of about 100 acres. 
 Joseph Durland was an honorable and upright citi- 
 zen, a man of correct habits, a sjupporter of church 
 ! interests, and assisted in building the first Presbyte- 
 I rian church edifice erected at Chester, of which his 
 ' wife was a member. His second wife died in May, 
 ' 1838, aged sixty years. He died Aug. 28, 1828. 
 Their children who survive in 1881 are Martha, 
 Thomas, and James, subject of this notice. 
 
 James Durland was born on the homestead, Sept. 
 14, 1811. He succeeded to the homestead property 
 by purchase in 1865, upon which he has resided his 
 whole life. In 1833 he engaged in the mercantile 
 business at Chester with his brother Samuel, who 
 died the same year, and continued the business with 
 a younger brother, Thomas, until 1837, when the 
 business was sold to M. C. Denton. In 1843, in com- 
 [lany with William Masterson, he bought the store 
 stock again, which the firm carried on until 1847, 
 when Mr. Durland disposed of his interest in the 
 concern. This business he carried on in connection 
 with farming, and since the latter date he has given 
 his attention mostly to dairying. It is a fact worthy 
 of note in connection with the great dairy interests of 
 Orange County that in 1843 Mr. Durland shipped 
 the first milk from Chester for sale in New York, it 
 being sent in a common barrel-churn on the Erie 
 i Railway. 
 
 Mr. Durland has been identified with nearly all of 
 the varied enterprises in his town during his active 
 
624 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 business life, and in tlie many cases in wliicli he has 
 been selected as executor and administrator of estates, 
 running through a term of nearly fifty years, his offi- 
 cial relations have never been questioned, nor has hi.s 
 integrity been in any way impaired. In 1842 he was 
 one of the building committee of the Chester Acad- 
 emy, and he was a member of the building committee 
 of the Presbyterian Church at Chester in 1853. He 
 has served as one of the trustees of the church for 
 many years, and has been a member of the same 
 since 1856. In 1835 he married Amelia, daughter of 
 John Vernon, of Long Island. She was born Sept. 
 23, 1806, w-as a devoted Christian woman, at member 
 of the church at Chester, and died Dec. 19, 1876. 
 Their children who grew to manhood and woman- 
 hood are Jane (wife of John B. Tuthill, of Chester), 
 died in 1867, aged thirty ; Samuel S., re.siding on the 
 homestead with his father; Martha (wife of Alfred 
 B. Roe, a farmer in Chester) ; and John J., a farmer 
 and merchant of Rushford, Minn. 
 
 JAMES J. BOARD. 
 
 His grandfather, James Board, with his brothers 
 David and Joseph, came from Wales, and settled in 
 Ringwood, N. J., prior to the Revolutionary war, and 
 were managers of the iron-works at that place. 
 James' house was the welcome and hospitable stop- 
 ping-place for oflicers and soldiers of the Continental 
 army during the war. James, son of James Board, 
 and father of our subject, died on the homestead at 
 Ringwood in October, 1801, leaving a wife, Nancy, 
 daughter of Capt. Phineas Heard, of Blooming-Grove, 
 Orange Co., N. Y., and had six children, viz. : Polly, 
 Ann, Hetty, John H., Eliza J., and James J. After 
 her husband's death Mrs. Board married Isaac 
 Kingsland, and resided at Boonton, N. J., where she 
 died, leaving six children by her second marriage. 
 
 Prior to his marriage James Board, with his brother 
 Cornelius, came to Chester (then Goshen), Orange 
 Co., N. Y., and purchased some 300 acres of land in 
 Sugar-Loaf Valley, upon which Cornelius resided 
 the remainder of his life and reared a family, whose 
 descendants are scattered, but some of whom are set- 
 tled now in Orange County. James found his wife 
 here, returned to the homestead at Ringwood, where 
 he died when James J. was yet unborn. 
 
 Another brother of James was Philip, who settled 
 in Kentucky. 
 
 James J. Board, youngest son of James Board, was 
 born at Ringwood, March 30, 1802, and was reared 
 by his uncle Cornelius, in the town of Chester. At 
 the age of sixteen he went to learn the tanning and 
 currying business at Washingtonville, Orange Co., 
 with Moses Ely, where he remained until he reached 
 his majority, when he jjurchased 140 acres of land near 
 his uncle's, upon which ho resided until 1850. He 
 was a thoroughgoing farmer, and dealt considerably 
 in cattle, and for fifteen years supplied West Point 
 
 with meat. In 1849 he was selected to take charge of 
 the Yelverton estate at Chester, and in 1850 removed 
 to that village and engaged in mercantile business 
 and freighting produce to New Y^ork, in which he 
 continued until about 1874, when he retired from 
 the more active duties of life. Mr. Board was one of 
 the building committee of the Chester Academy in 
 1842, and was one of the board of trustees as long as 
 the building was used as an academy. He sold the 
 ground for the Presbyterian church at Chester, it 
 being a part of the Yelverton estate. He has been 
 several times selected as administrator and executor 
 of estates, and his integrity remains unimpaired in 
 all his business transactions. U2)on the erection of 
 the town of Chester he took an active part, and during 
 its early history was officially connected with it. Mr. 
 Board is a plain, unassuming man, who has preferred 
 the quiet life of a business man and farmer to place 
 in politics. 
 
 His wife, Huldah, daughter of Capt. William 
 Hudson and Susan Tuthill, of Blooming-Grove, 
 whom he married in December, 1822, was born July 
 25, 1801, and died March 30, 1877. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Board were members of the Presbyterian Church at 
 Che.ster. Their children are Mary, wife of John W. 
 Roe, a farmer in Chester; Jonathan H., a farmer in 
 Chester; Susan, wife of Samuel Gillette, of Le Roy, 
 Genesee Co., N. Y. ; Emily, wife of Jesse Owen, of 
 Chemung, N. Y. ; and Nancy K., wife of Joseph Dur- 
 land, a merchant at Chester, who occupies the store 
 where formerly Mr. Board did business. 
 
 MINARD SUTTON. 
 The early representatives of the Sutton family in 
 America were of Scotch extraction. John Sutton, the 
 grandfatherof Minard, was an early resident of Orange 
 County, and the father of the following sons: Benja- 
 min, Joseph, John, Abram, and William. Of this 
 number, John, during his early life, was a resident of 
 the paternal home, and married Miss Bitterage Cranse, 
 of Orange County, to whom were born children, — 
 Minard, William, John, Lewis J., Harriet, who be- 
 came Mrs. S. S. Loud ; Sarah Jane, who married 
 Thomas B. Sly ; and Elizabeth, who was united to 
 T. J. Hasbrook. The death of John Sutton occurred 
 Dec. 10, 1856, upon the homestead where his life was 
 spent. His son Minard, a brief sketch of whose life 
 is here given, was born in Warwick township, Oct. 17, 
 1804, and at an early age left his father's home to 
 engage in employments that were self-supporting. He 
 acquired the trade of a saddle- and harness-maker, 
 which vocation he followed for a brief period, after 
 which he purchased a farm and devoted himself to 
 agricultural pursuits. Sugar-Loaf became his resi- 
 dence in 1846, and continued so to be during the re- 
 mainder of his lifetime, the property he acquired being 
 familiarly known as the Knapp homestead. To Mr. 
 Sutton's enterprise the vicinity is indebted for its ex- 
 
J^,, cA 
 
 ^^^ 
 
^;^^^,U.^,^^ ^u^^^ 
 
._.^<f^^;^/// ^.^>^-/^.^52^_. 
 
,i^ti-r>. 
 
 
T 
 
CHESTER. 
 
 625 
 
 tensive creamery interests. He established one at 
 Sugar- Loaf in 185.5, and another at Warwick in 1868, 
 these being the first in tlieir respective localities. Mr. 
 .Sutton ma_v justly bo regarded as one of Chester's most 
 enterprising citizens, and the leading spirit of the 
 hamlet of Sugar-Loaf He encouraged labor, gave 
 employment to the industrious, and assisted with both 
 means and counsel the needy and deserving. He 
 aided largely in the construction of the Warwick Val- 
 ley Railroad, and was a jjromoter of other public en- 
 terprises. Mr. Sutton was a Democrat in politics, and 
 was for many years justice of the peace of his town- 
 ship. In religion he was a Baptist, and a consi.stent 
 member of the Old-School Baptist Church at War- 
 wick, of which he was deacon. He was married in 
 1831 to Sarah A., daughter of Nathaniel Knapp, of 
 Sugar-Loaf, and had four sons, — Nathaniel K., John 
 W., Cyrus J., and one who died in infancy. His two 
 daughters are Ann M. (Mrs. William B. Knapp) and 
 Sarah E. (Mrs. John M. Knapp). The grandchildren 
 of the family are Nathaniel S., Mary E. (Mrs. Fred. 
 B. La Rue), and Libbie Knapp. 
 
 The death of Minard Sutton occurred June 20, 1868, 
 his widow and two daughters having survived him. 
 His life was full of activity and usefulness, and his 
 death was, in a corresponding degree, a loss to the 
 community. 
 
 NATHANIEL ROE.« 
 
 His grandfather, William Roe, inherited a part of 
 the original purchase of his father, Capt. Nathaniel 
 Roe, where the latter settled in 1751, in the town of 
 Chester, and on which Capt. Roe built a house in 
 1792, which has been the home of William Roe and 
 his descendants since, and is now the property of John 
 W. Roe. 
 
 William Roe married Mary Winans, who bore him 
 children as follows : David, succeeded to the home- 
 stead, was born May 14, 1784, and died in 1856 ; Na- 
 thaniel, died a young man; William, father of our 
 subject; Hannah, became the wife of Henry Barney, 
 and died in Warwick ; Susan, was the wife of Jacob 
 Feagles, at Amity, where she died ; Mary, wife of Ga- 
 briel Seeley, resided in Chester, and there died ; Eliza- 
 beth, died unmarried. William Roe was a captain in 
 the old State militia, and died in 1801. 
 
 William, son of William Roe, and father of our sub- 
 ject, was born in 1788, and died in 1841. His wife 
 was Mittie, daughter of John Mapes, of Chester, who 
 died in 1823, leaving the following children : Na- 
 thaniel; John, died in 1881, aged sixty-three; David, 
 died in 1878, aged fifty-five, leaving a wife and one 
 son, George M. ; and Hannah, died at the age of 
 seventeen. William Roe was a farmer by occupation, 
 and a part of his life resided at the Black Meadows, 
 in Chester. 
 
 Nathaniel, his eldest son, was born Nov. 11, 1815, 
 
 * For the ancestry of the Roe family in Orange County reference is 
 made to the sketch of Jesse Roe, in the town history of Cheater, 
 
 and at the age of eight years went to live with his 
 maternal grandfather, Thaddeus Seeley, and after his 
 death lived with his son, Gabriel Seeley, in Chester, 
 where he remained until his marriage. On April 4, 
 1843, he married Sarah, daughter of Gen. Charles 
 Board and Joanna Seeley, of Ringwood, N. J., and 
 granddaughter of Jo.seph Board, who, with his two 
 brothers, James and David, emigrated from Whales 
 and settled at that place, where they had charge of 
 the iron-works and owned some 1500 acres of land in 
 the Pompton Valley. His wife was born Jan. 7, 1815. 
 Their children are Charles B., a farmer in Chester; 
 Gabriel S., a farmer in Kendall Co., 111.; Thomas 
 Beach, a farmer in Chester; Nathaniel, a farmer in 
 Blooming-Grove ; Henry M. ; and Hannah E. After 
 his marriage Mr. Roe rented a farm for ten years, and 
 then purchased a farm, upon whicli he remained a 
 few years. In 1855 he bouglit Ills present farm, con- 
 sisting of 200 acres, upon which he built his present 
 substantial farm residence in 1867. This property 
 has been his homestead since, which shows to the 
 passer-by the handiwork of a careful, thrifty, and 
 intelligent farmer. He started out in life without 
 pecuniary assistance, and by self-reliance, industry, 
 and judicious raanagenent may safely be classed 
 among the leading agriculturists of his town. The 
 products of his dairy, in the form of milk, are marketed 
 in New York. 
 
 Mr. Roe served as assessor for three years, begin- 
 ning in 1856, and represented it in the board of super- 
 visors in 1877. He has been a director in the Chester 
 Bank for the past three years. Both he and his wife 
 are members of the Presbyterian Church at Chester, 
 of which he has been an elder for many years. 
 
 IRA BULL. 
 Ira Bull was one of the great-grandsons of William 
 Bull, the progenitor of the Bull family. A notice of 
 his ancestry in Orange County is given in the sketch 
 of his brother, Jesse Bull, of Blooming-Grove. 
 Richard Bull, therein mentioned, the father of Ira, 
 was born Oct. 25, 1762, on the homestead in Hampton- 
 burgh, in the old stone house. He married Lena, 
 daughter of Benjamin Harlow, of Phillipsburgh, 
 April 12, 1800, and soon after settled on a partly 
 cleared tract of land in Sugar-Loaf Valley, in the town 
 of Chester, which he bought of Mr. Van Houten, now 
 containing 320 acres, it being a part of the Wawa- 
 yanda Patent, where he made his homestead. Upon 
 this property he erected a frame house, which has 
 been superseded by the present substantial farm resi- 
 dence, erected by his son, and during his life made 
 many improvements on the property. He built a 
 grist-mill and saw-mill on the place, which he carried 
 on during his life, and which have since been operated 
 by his son. He died Jan. 5, 1846. His wife was born 
 June 19, 1772, and died March 2, 18.54. She was one 
 of the early members of the Presbyterian Church at 
 
626 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Chester. Their children are Hannah, wife of Joseph 
 Roy, of Warwick, born FeViruary, 1801 ; Jesse, whose 
 history is given on anotlier page ; James H., born 
 Jan. 15, 1805, of Monroe : Daniel H., whose sketch is 
 given in the history of Hamptonburgh ; Ira, born 
 Dec. 27, 1809; and Charles W., who died Oct. 11, 
 1865, aged fifty-three. 
 
 Ira Bull spent his minority on the farm and in as- 
 sisting his father in the mills, where he in early life 
 became inured to labor and learned the necessity of 
 industry and economy to a successful business life. 
 He married, Dec. 10, 1846, Phebe, daughter of Ira 
 Hawkins, and granddaughter of Moses Hawkins, who 
 came from Long Island and settled in the East Divi- 
 sion of the town of Goshen. 
 
 Ira Hawkins' family consisted of three sons and 
 three daughters. Her mother was Hannah, daughter 
 of Gen. Abram Vail, also of the East Division. Mrs. 
 Bull was born Nov. 28, 1825, and has the following 
 children : Hannah Lena, wife of Erastus W. Haw- 
 kins, of Brooklyn ; Mary Adaline ; Jesse James, born 
 Aug. 21, 18.50, died in inftmcy; Phebe Ann; Sarah 
 Wells, wife of Thomas W. Houston, of Goshen; Iretta 
 Hawkins, born Dec. 2, 1857, died Oct. 16, 1871; 
 Charles Ira; and Frank M., born Oct. 24, 1864, died 
 Oct. 16, 1871. 
 
 Mr. Bull succeeded to the homestead property, partly 
 by purchase and partly by inheritance, upon which 
 he has resided during his life. All the appointments 
 of his well-cultivated farm show the care and manage- 
 ment of a thrifty farmer. He has been a director in 
 the Chester Bank for the past three years, and both 
 he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian 
 Church at Chester, of which he has served as trustee 
 for many years. 
 
 JOHN KINS. 
 
 The paternal great-grandfather of John King 
 served for six years in the French and Indian war in 
 Canada, and after its close, in 1761, came to Orange 
 County, and resided on the Gray Court meadows. 
 His children were John, Joseph, Peter, and Susan, 
 wife of Samuel Green, of Monroe. John, born Nov. 
 4, 1757, was four years old when his parents left Can- 
 ada. He married, Jan. 5, 1784, Margaret Gray, 
 who was born May 10, 1760, and died Jan. 19, 18.34. 
 He died Feb. 1.3, 1844. Soon after his marriage he 
 settled on 200 acres of land, a part of the Wawa- 
 yanda Patent, in Sugar-Loaf Valley, in the town of 
 Chester (then Goshen). The deed is dated Sept. 12, 
 1790. The land, then a wilderness tract, he began 
 clearing of its original forest and preparing its virgin 
 soil for crops from year to year, and during his life 
 he added another parcel of 100 acres. This property 
 has been the homestead since, and is now owned and 
 occupied by the subject of this sketch, his grandson. 
 
 John King, the original settler of this land, was a 
 soldier in the Revolutionary war in defense of the 
 colonies. He was one of the early members of the 
 
 Presbyterian Church at Chester. His children were 
 James ; Abel ; Elizabeth, wife of John Woodruff, 
 died at Bethlehem, Orange Co. ; Sarah, wife of 
 Lewis H. Roe; Jonas, father of our subject; Ezra; 
 and Juliana, wife of Anselm H. Denniston, — all mar- 
 ried and settled in Orange County except James, 
 Abel, and Ezra. 
 
 Jonas King was born Sept. 13, 1793, and succeeded, 
 partly by purchase and i)artly by inheritance, to the 
 homestead property, upon which he resided all his 
 life, except some two years spent in the town of Mon- 
 roe after his marriage. He was a man of correct 
 habits, and gave his active business life to agricultural 
 pursuits. He served as town clerk for one year. He 
 died Aug. 26, 1873. His wife, whom he married April 
 6, 1815, was Elizabeth, daughter of .loseph Durland 
 and Martha Board, and granddaughter of Charles 
 Durland, who came from Long Island in 1756 and 
 settled at Chester, on the farm now owned by James 
 Durland. She was born in 1796, was a member of 
 the Presbyterian Church at Chester, and died October, 
 1843. Their children are Martha ; John; Lewis and 
 ■ Charles, of Illinois; Elizabeth, wife of William Mas- 
 terson ; Sarah, wife of James W. Mapes, of Cayuga 
 County; Edmuud ; Mary; Phoebe; Louisa, wife of 
 Curtis Z. Winters; and Susan, — all living. 
 
 John King, son of Jonas, was boro while his pa- 
 rents lived in Monroe, Aug. 9, 1817, and succeeded to 
 the homestead property, where he has spent his life in 
 the occupation of his farm. He has made some ad- 
 ditions to the house which his grandfather John 
 built, which has been the homestead domicile for 
 nearly one hundred years. Like his forefathers, Mr. 
 King has not sought political place, and has never 
 held ofBce, except to act as assessor of his town for 
 two terms and commissioner of highways for three 
 years, and, like them, he is a plain, unassuming, and 
 judicious farmer. His wife, whom he married Sept. 
 25, 1861, is Hannah M., daughter of Nicholas H. 
 Cayvvood and Susan Mapes, of Weedsport, Cayuga 
 Co., and granddaughter of John Caywood, who 
 owned a tannery and made shoes for the army of the 
 Revolution, in which war he served for a time as a 
 soldier, and after its close settled at Ovid, Seneca Co., 
 where he died. Her father died at her residence, 
 Feb. 18, 1881, aged seventy-six, and her mother died 
 July 11, 1872, aged fifty-eight. Mrs. King was born 
 Sept. 17, 1832, and, with her husband, is a member of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church at Chester, of which 
 Mr. King ofliciates as steward and has served as trus- 
 tee. Mrs. King has one brother, Chauncey C. Her 
 sister, Elizabeth, died in 1860, at the age of twenty- 
 three. 
 
 ROBERT W. COLFAX. 
 His grandfather, Robert Colfax, resided at Pomp- 
 ton, Passaic Co., N. J., and, with his brother. Gen. 
 William Colfax, who was one of Gen. Washington's 
 body-guard, was engaged in the manufacture of iron 
 
>1 
 
I{lll 
 
 i 
 
i£ 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 
 
 ^- ^ </-^ 
 
CHESTER. 
 
 627 
 
 there and in farming. He was judge of the county, 
 
 and a prominent and influential citizen. Ho died at 
 Pompton, leaving a large family of children, of whom 
 William R. was the father of Robert W. Colfax, a 
 .sister of whom, Harriet, married Jacob M. Ryerson, 
 .son of Judge Martin Ryerson, of New Jersey. A 
 grandson of William Colfax, ex-Vice-Pre.sident Col- 
 fax, is a cousin of the subject of this sketch. William 
 R. Colfax, born in 1791, at Pompton, married Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of Joseph Hogan. She died at about the 
 age of sixty-six, some five years prior to the death of 
 her husband, which occurred in 1873. William R. 
 Colfax resided at West Milford, N. J., where he was 
 engaged in milling and farming. His children are 
 Mary Jane, deceased ; Sarah, became the wife of 
 Isaac Scofield, of Parsippauy, N. J. ; Harriet R., wife 
 of Edmund S. Miller, of West Milford ; Deborah H., 
 wife of Albert Baldwin, of Newark ; Eliza, wife of A. 
 H. Lawrence, a farmer in the town of Blooming- 
 Grove; Robert W. ; Ellen F., wife of (ieorge W. 
 Colwell, of New York ; Sajihronia, wife of G. Van 
 Emburgh, of Newark ; Joseph H., a merchant of 
 Keokuk, Iowa; Hannah, wife of Henry Hanfield, a 
 commission merchant in New York; Richard and 
 William (twins), both merchants, the latter at Bloom- 
 field, N. J., and the former at Ridgewood, N. J. ; and 
 Maria L., who was the wife of James N. Cooley, of 
 West Milford. 
 
 Robert W. Colfax was born at West Milford, Dec. 
 2.5, 182.5. He started out in life with no pecuniary 
 assistance, save what he earned himself, and with 
 only a limited education from books. At the age of 
 seventeen he came to Chester, and was apprenticed to 
 J. H. & G. W. Colwell, cabinet-makers, where he re- 
 mained four years and became fully conversant with 
 the business. Here he saved a little money, and at 
 the end of his apprenticeship took a tour through 
 some of the Western States, with a view to settlement 
 in business. Returning in a few months, he became 
 a partner with the Colwells, under the firm-name of 
 Colwells & Colfax, and after five years bought out 
 the business, which he successfully carried on until 
 1855. In 1856 he established a stove and tinware 
 store at Chester, and continued this business until 
 1874, when he retired from the more active duties of 
 life. 
 
 In business and as a private citizen, Mr. Colfax has 
 always been esteemed for his integrity and honesty 
 of purpose. As executor, administrator, and com- 
 mittee, positions which he has frequently filled, his 
 qualifications have never been questioned. He served 
 for many years as one of the trustees of the Chester 
 Academy, and he has been a contributor to church 
 and kindred interests in the vicinity where he resides, 
 and a promoter of morality and religion in the com- 
 munity. Both himself and his wife are members of 
 the Presbyterian Church at Chester, of which he has 
 been elder for some twenty-five years. He married, 
 Jan. 3, 1849, Almira, daughter of Maj. James and 
 
 Susan (Drake) Holbert, of Chester. Mrs. Colfax was 
 
 born !\Iarch 6, 1819. They have only one child, 
 Emily H., wife of James S. Roe, a fanner in Chester. 
 
 CHARLE.? B. SEELY. 
 
 Thaddeus Seely, grandfather of Charles B. Seely, 
 was one of the early settlers of the present town of 
 Chester, and had his homestead about one mile south 
 of the village, the farm being occupied in 1881 by 
 Thaddeus Durland. By his first wife, who was a Miss 
 Seely, he had three children, — Joanna, wife of Charles 
 Board, of Ringwood, N. J. ; Thaddeus ; and Peter, 
 who died young. His second wife bore him one son, 
 Gabriel, who resided on the homestead and there died. 
 By his third marriage he had no issue. Mr. Seely 
 was a large farmer for his time, and among the early 
 members of the Presbyterian Chuixh of Chester. 
 His son Thaddeus, father of Charles B. Seely, was 
 born on the homestead, Aug. 1.5, 1782, and died Nov. 
 12, 1841. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Na- 
 thaniel, and granddaughter of Nathaniel Roe, the 
 first settler of the Roe family in the town of Chester 
 in 1751, whom he married Dec. 15, 1805. She was 
 born April 24, 1787, and died Sept. 20, 1874. Their 
 children are Joanna, died young ; Edward, of Illinois ; 
 Mary, wife of George S. Conkling, of Goshen ; George, 
 died at the age of ten years ; Charles B., Gabriel, and 
 Thaddeus, farmers, occupying the homestead of their 
 father ; Elizabeth, died young. After his marriage 
 Thaddeus Seely purchased 100 acres of land where 
 his son Thaddeus now resides, and afterwards added 
 to it some 300 acres. He was a thoroughgoing business 
 man and a progressive farmer. He never sought the 
 public places in his town, but led a quiet and unos- 
 tentatious life. 
 
 Charles B. Seely, son of Thaddeus, was born June 
 19, 1817, and married, Oct. 19, 1842, Hannah Jane, 
 daughter of Benjamin C. Coleman and Eleanor Vail, 
 of Goshen. She was born Nov. 1, 1817. Her mother 
 was a daughter of Gen. Abram Vail, of Goshen, and 
 her paternal grandfather was Benjamin Coleman. 
 The children of Mr. Seely are Ella; Fred B., who 
 carries on the Chester flouring-mill ; Hannah C, 
 died, at the age of fourteen, June 2, 1863 ; Mary 
 Frank, died at the age of twenty, April 25, 1872; and 
 Charles A. In 1845, Mr. Seely purchased a farm of 
 125 acres near the Otterkill depot, to which he added 
 other land, making 216 acres. This he carried on 
 until 1864, when he sold it, and purchased a small 
 place on the road from Goshen to Chester, where he 
 remained for ten years. In 1874 he purchased a farm 
 in the town of Chester, containing then 160 acres, in- 
 cluding a part of the valuable Black Meadows, a part 
 of which he has sold, retaining 127 acres, his present 
 homestead. 
 
 Mr. Seely, like his forefathers, has led an unevent- 
 ful life, unbroken by the bickerings of ofince-seeking 
 or public place. He may well be ranked with the 
 
628 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 representative agriculturists of his towu ; is a pro- 
 moter of all worthy loral objects, and a man of prac- 
 tical ideas. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian 
 Church. 
 
 JOHN B.- TUTHILL. 
 
 The ancestry of the Tuthill family will be found in 
 connection with a sketch of Oliver B. Tuthill, of Go- 
 shen, in this work. John Tuthill, therein mentioned, 
 son of Nathaniel, was the grandfather of our subject. 
 He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and was a far- 
 mer in the town of Blooming-Grove. His wife was 
 a Miss Seeley, who bore him the following children : 
 Orpha, wife of Timothy Little, and after his death 
 the wife of Mr. Johnson ; E. Brewster, died in Che- 
 mung County; John lived and died in Chemung 
 County; Milecent, wife of Dr. Townsend Seeley, of 
 Kendall, 111. ; Green M., lived in Chemung County, 
 and died in Ottawa, 111., — was county clerk of Che- 
 mung for three terms; Elizabeth, wife of John L. 
 Smith, of Elmira; Hiram; Francis, a merchant of 
 Chester for many years, and one of the founders of 
 the village, and who died in Chemung County in 1850. 
 
 In 1819, John Tuthill removed from Blooming- 
 Grove and settled in the town of Erin, Chemung Co., 
 where he purchased 900 acres of land, then a wilder- 
 ness tract, and where he spent the remainder of his 
 life. He died about 1845, aged eighty-four years. Of 
 his children, Hiram, the father of our subject, was 
 born on the homestead in Orange County, Nov. 30, 
 1799, and married Azubah Seeley, who was born in 
 May, 1804, and is now living where the family settled 
 in Erin. Their children are Charles S., of Green 
 Point, N. Y., a merchant ; John B. ; Francis G., a 
 farmer of Elmira; William M., died at the age of 
 twenty-eight in 1862; Hiram, a merchant at Chester; 
 Sarah Milecent, died young ; and Stella Azubah, died 
 at the age of seventeen in 1862, — all of whom were 
 born in Chemung County. 
 
 Hiram Tuthill removed with his parents to Erin, 
 inherited 100 acres of the homestead there, and added 
 200 acres more to it, upon which he resided the re- 
 mainder of his life. He died Sept. 18, 1876. He was 
 a well-preserved representative of the true men, dis- 
 
 tinguished for the old-fashioned honesty and stern 
 integrity of the past generation, and bore in his looks 
 and tall, erect figure the impress of an honorable life, 
 — one of integrity and true nobility. 
 
 John B., son of Hiram Tuthill, was born Nov. 4, 
 1828, and remained at home until he reached his ma- 
 jority, when he came to Chester, and for two and one- 
 half years was a clerk in the store of Tuthill, vSeeley 
 & Johnson. In 1852 he bought Mr. Johnson's inter- 
 est, and Mr. Seeley sold his interest to William C. 
 Eager, and the new firm of Tuthills & Eager carried 
 on a successful mercantile and forwarding business 
 until 1864, when Mr. Eager sold out and settled 
 in Warwick. The Tuthills continued the business 
 until 1807, when John B. sold his interest in the con- 
 cern to E. T. Jackson. He then purchased the 
 Gregory farm, near Chester, and after two years sold 
 it, and purchased his present farm of 133 acres, which, 
 by additions, is now (1881) 145 acres, and one of the 
 most desirable locations anywhere to be found in the 
 town, and the land highly productive. In 1874 he 
 built his present brick residence, commanding a view 
 of the valley and the Erie Railway. All the appoint- 
 ments of his well-arranged premises bespeak the work 
 of a thrifty and intelligent farmer. The products of 
 his dairy are marketed daily in New York in the 
 form of milk. 
 
 Mr. Tuthill has been interested in all that pertains 
 to the locality where he resides, and is known as a 
 thoroughgoing business man. For six years he was 
 a member of the Board of Education at Chester, and 
 is a promoter of church and kindred interests. His 
 first wife, whom he married Dec. 10, 1856, was Martha 
 S., daughter of Francis and Elizabeth (Seeley) Tut- 
 hill. She was born Oct. 30, 1835, and died Sept. 25, 
 1857. For his second wife he married, Jan. 26, 1859, 
 Jane, daughter of James Durland, of Chester, who 
 was born May 6, 1837, and died Sept. 23, 1867, leaving 
 no children. His present wife, whom he married Feb. 
 4, 1869, was Susan, the daughter of John and Mary 
 Ann (Pilgrim) Fowler, of Monroe, and granddaughter 
 of John Fowler, who settled in Monroe from'Scotland. 
 She was born Nov. 10, 1835. The children born of 
 this union are Stella A. and Hiram B. Tuthill. 
 
/d. 
 
'4ii 
 
 ^:ji, 
 
 In early life he wa.s tlirown upon liis own 
 resources, and hy neeessity learned self-reliance, 
 economy, and prudence. During iiis boyhood 
 and early manhood he was esteemed for his 
 correct habits, sociable and frank manners, and 
 a kind and generous heart. His first wife was 
 Mahala Hall, a devoted member of the Presby- 
 terian Church, who died in 1840, aged thirty- 
 six years, leaving the following children : Wil- 
 liam T., was a farmer in Goshen, and died in 
 January, 1879, aged forty-five years; Elizabeth, 
 became the wife of David H. Roe, who was born 
 in Warwick, was a merchant in Chester for many 
 years, a member of the Metiiodist Episcopal 
 Church at that place, and died Nov. 29, 1880, 
 aged fifty-two years. For his second wife, Mr. 
 Rysdyk married Elvira, daughter of Col. 
 Sproull, of Warwick, who bore him several 
 children, all of whom are dead. 
 
 For many years after his marriage Mr. Rys- 
 
 dyk was a farmer in the town of Warwick, near 
 Florida. He subsequently .settled in the town 
 of Chester, where he purchased a farm and 
 erected fine buildings thereon, which he made 
 his pleasant home the remainder of his life. 
 The property is now owned by Dr. C. T. Smith. 
 Few men were better known in Orange 
 County and throughout the State than he, on 
 account of his fondness for horses and his 
 ownership of the celebrated horse " Hamble," 
 which horse became the origin of all the 
 stock by that name at present in this country. 
 He gave little attention to horses outside of 
 their common use until 1851, when he success- 
 fully had an interest in " Long Island Black 
 Hawk," and afterwards in the " New York 
 Black Hawk," and finally became the sole owner 
 of the original "Orange County Hambletonian," 
 j which he raised from a colt. Mr. Rysdyk died 
 ' April 26, 1870, aged sixty-one years. 
 
iW^L ^c.,,f^yxy^J2.^y*'^<yt^i^c^ 
 
 Tlie Dcmerests are of Huguenot extraction, and 
 James, grandfather of Abram, settled in the town of 
 Warwick, from New Jersey, where he purchased some 
 five hundred acres of land on the road from Sugar Loaf 
 to Warwick. This property he made his homestead the 
 remainder of his life, and reared twelve children, of 
 whom Nicholas, father of our subject, was born Feb. 26, 
 17C2. He married Mary Bontan, who was born Jan. 3, 
 1770, and died Aug. 15, 1836. He died June 10, 1845, 
 leaving the following children : Catharine, born Sept. 
 IG, 1788, died May 13, 1811; Elizabeth, born Feb. 4, 
 1790, was the wife of Jesse Maybee, of Goshen ; James 
 S., born March 1, 1792; Samuel, born Feb. 11, 1794; 
 Nicholas, born Nov. 17, 1796; Margaret, born Sept. 27, 
 1798; Abram, born Sept. 14, 1800; Mary, born Dec. 29, 
 1802, became the wife of John Lawrence, of Warwick ; 
 Hannah, born Sept. 17, 1804 ; Jane, born April 8, 1807, 
 wife of Ezra Holbert, of Warwick ; Caroline, born Feb. 
 3, 1809, wife of E. M. Bradner, of Warwick ; Catharine, 
 born July 13, 1811, became the wife of William S. Bene- 
 dict, of Warwick. 
 
 Nicholas Demerest settled on a part of the homestead 
 property, where he resided during his life, and reared 
 this very large family of children, his farm consisting 
 of some two hundred acres, besides owning other real 
 estate. He was a well-to-do farmer of his daj', and de- 
 voted his life to agricultural pursuits. 
 
 Abram, son of Nicholas Demerest, spent his boy- 
 hood at home. He married, Oct. 27, 1842, Eliza Jane, 
 
 daughter of Isaac and Mehetabol (Wells) Smith, of 
 Chester, who was born April 17, 1808. Her father came 
 from Long Island in the year 1767, when twelve years of 
 age, with his parents, and settled in the town of Chester, 
 where he resided until his death ; was born at Jamaica, 
 L. I., March 8, 1755, and died Oct. 14, 1830. Her 
 mother was a daughter of Joshua Wells, a descendant 
 of Hon. William Wells, who was born near Norwich, 
 England, in 1608, came to America in 1635 on the ship 
 "Free Love," was an educated law3'er in England, 
 and became high sheriff of New York.shire, on Long 
 Island. 
 
 After his marriage Abram Demerest resided en a part 
 of the homestead in Warwick, consisting of one hun- 
 dred and twenty-five acres, for some seven years. In 
 18-50 he removed to West Chester, where he only re- 
 mained one year, and for some three years he resided on 
 the " Black Meadows." In 1854 he purchased two hun- 
 dred and sixteen acres adjoining the village of Chester, 
 which has been his homestead since. 
 
 Born with the century, he still enjoys to a remarkable 
 degree the active faculties of both body and mind. His 
 life has been devoted to farming, and he has always been 
 esteemed for his honesty of purpose and his integrity in 
 all the relations of life. 
 
 His children were Nicholas, married Isabella B., 
 daughter of Daniel McNeal, of Montgomery, and car- 
 ries on the home farm; William, born Oct. 17, 1846, 
 died May 18, 1856. 
 
BLOOMIISrG-GROVE. 
 
 I.— SITUATION, BOUNDAEIES, AREA, TITLE. 
 
 Blooming-Grove is one of the interior towns of 
 tlie county, lying eiist of the centre. It is bounded 
 north by Hamptonburgh and New Windsor, east by 
 Oornwall and Jlonroe, south by Monroe and Chester, 
 and west by Chester and Goshen. The area of this 
 town may be stated, in the same way as that of other 
 towns, from the supervisors' equalization table of 1879. 
 The acreage is there stated at 21,826i acres, but the 
 real area is greater than this in consequence of the 
 exceptions made by the assessors of the several towns. 
 The total valuation, as shown by the same table, was 
 $1,481,740, and the tax levied upon that basis was 
 $11,715.86. 
 
 The following memorandum of the various patents 
 conveying title to the territory now in the town of 
 Blooming-Grove will be found of much value. It 
 shows not only the basis from which every man's 
 deed rests at the present time, but also furnishes many 
 hints as to the names of those who made the first set- 
 tlement and the dates when it took place. In the 
 northeast corner of the town may first be named the 
 patent to Richard Van Dam, dated June 30, 1720, 
 and comprising 1000 acres. The northesist corner of 
 this patent is the northeast corner of the town, and 
 that point is also located on the old county line, making 
 a permanent place of beginning for all modern sur- 
 veys in that vicinity. This patent is not bounded by 
 the north lineof the town, but lies somewhat diagonal 
 to that line, and a portion of the tract is in New Wind- 
 sor. Immediately on the south of this patent lies 
 what is generally known as the Rip Van Dam Patent. 
 The proprietors, in all, were Rip Van Dam, Adolph 
 Phillips, David Provost, Jr., Lancaster Symes, Thomas 
 Jones, each to have one-fifth of a tract of 3000 acres. 
 This patent is described as beginning at a station 
 bearing west twenty-four degrees north and eighty- 
 five chains from the wigwam of the Indian Marin- 
 gamus. Salisbury Mills village is on the east end of 
 this patent, so tar as the village lies in Blooming- 
 Grove, the eastern boundary of the patent being de- 
 scribed in the original statute organizing the town as 
 the eastern boundary of the town. This patent in- 
 cluded 3000 acres, and was dated March 23, 1700. 
 Southwestof theRip Van Dam Patent, and adjoining 
 it, and westward of the Schunemunk Mountains, is 
 the patent to Edward Blagg and Johannes Hey for 
 2000 acres, granted March 28, 1726. This tract lies 
 
 between Woodcock Hill and the Schunemunk range, 
 and the valley has been known as Blagg's Clove from 
 the earliest settlement to the present time. West of 
 the Blagg Patent there was granted a tract of 2440 
 acres, Jan. 11, 1727, to Nathaniel Hazard, a very ir- 
 regular tract lying in the interior of the town south 
 and southwest of Washingtouville. West of the 
 Hazard Patent there was granted, July 7, 1736, a tract 
 of 2000 acres to Joseph Sackett, Sr., and Joseph 
 Sackett, Jr. Adjoining this last-named patent on the 
 south is one of 222 acres to the same grantees, Sackett 
 and Son, and of the same date. This adjoins the ter- 
 ritory upon which Oxford village is located. 
 
 Further west was a patent to Joseph Sackett of 149 
 acres, granted Sept. 1, 1737. A little further to the 
 southwest is a patent to Edward Blagg and Johannes 
 Hey of 2000 acres, being a second grant, bearing the 
 same date as the first, March 28, 1726. This was a 
 very irregular tract. Adjoining this patent on the 
 southeast, and lying between it and the 2000 acres 
 granted to the two Sacketts, was a jiatent of 2000 
 acres granted to Ann Hoagland, May 24, 1723. In 
 her petition she claimed it as having been cut off from 
 the Wawayanda Patent. West of the second patent 
 to Edward Blagg and Johannes Hey is a tract of 
 2600 acres, granted Aug. 10, 1723, to Richard Gerard 
 and Wm. Bull. In the extreme northwest angle of 
 the town (now in Hamptonburgh) is a patent granted 
 Dec. 18, 1734, to Elizabeth Denne, of 1140 acres. In 
 her petition she had also claimed the grant as having 
 been cut ofi' from the Wawayanda Patent. Return- 
 ing along the north boundary (the old county line), 
 we have in the centre the patent to Roger Mom- 
 pesson, and this is described as beginning at a cer- 
 tain station on the southwest side of Murderer's 
 Creek, bearing west twenty degrees north, and distant 
 from the wigwam of Maringamus seventy-five chains, 
 " being near eight miles from Hudson's River." The 
 Mompesson Patent was granted March 4, 1709, and 
 confirmed May 31, 1712. It embraced lOOO acres. 
 
 H.-NATCrSAL FEATURES. 
 The surface of this town is mountainous in the 
 south and east, rolling and moderately hilly in the 
 north and west. The Schunemunk Mountains, upon 
 the line of Monroe, are a broken, rugged range, rising 
 to the height of 1500 feet above tide-water. 
 
 There are a number of elevations in town having 
 
 629 
 
630 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 special names, as Woodcock Hill, Pound Hill, ^lus- 
 ket Hill, Rainer Hill, Bull Mountain, Limestone 
 Hills, Lazy Hill, Tom's Rocks, Peddler's Hill, Round 
 Hill, Mosquito Hill, etc. Like many other sec- 
 tions of Orange County, a large portion of the slope^s 
 are capable of tillage, thus constituting a fine farm- 
 ing section. The Otterkill is the most important 
 stream. This flows from Hamptonburgh through 
 the northwest part of Blooming-Grove into the town 
 of Cornwall. A large portion of the west part of the 
 town is drained by the Cromeline Creek, which unites 
 with the Otterkill near the line of Hamptonburgh. 
 From that point the Otterkill becomes known as 
 Murderer's Creek through 'the rest of its course to the( 
 Hudson. 
 
 Schunemunk Creek rises in the mountains of that 
 name, drains a large portion of the centre of the 
 town, receives some tributary rivulets, and joins the 
 Otterkill near Washingtonville. Another tributary 
 farther east, also rising in the Schunemunk Mountains, 
 joins the main stream below Washingtonville. This 
 is sometimes called Satterly's Creek. 
 
 The town has much fine scenery. The mountains 
 upon the southeast are rugged. In the interior are 
 pleasant valleys, and the uplands are diversified with 
 hills and dales. In the vicinity of Craigville the 
 Cromeline winds its way through a valley of con- 
 siderable depth. 
 
 At Salisbury, on the eastern border, there is a water- 
 fall, attracting attention at an early day as a mill- 
 privilege of considerable value, and one which has 
 been imjiroved from the first settlement to the present 
 time. The alluvial lands along the streams are fertile. 
 An especially fine section lies around Washington- 
 ville, along the bend of the Otterkill. 
 
 III.-EAKLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 Vincent INIatthews purchased the Rip Y'dii Dam 
 Patent, Aug. 22, 1721. He made an immediate settle- 
 ment, it is supposed, and erected a grist-mill at the 
 place now known as Salisbury. He was probably the 
 first settler of Blooming-Grove. The names of his 
 immediate associates are not given. He gave to his 
 estate the name of Matthewsfield. 
 
 The patent to Edward Blagg and Johannes Hey, 
 south of Matthewsfield, soon became entirely the 
 property of Edward Blagg, and he settled upon it. 
 Blagg's Clove has been in use as a name for that 
 neighborhood ever since. 
 
 The Mompesson Patent was bought in 1731 by 
 Thomas Goldsmith. He located there, building his 
 house on the west bank of the Otterkill. The village 
 of Washingtonville is partly upon this patent and 
 partly upon the Van Dam Patent. 
 
 The Richard Van Dam Patent in the northeast 
 corner was bought by Jesse Woodhull, who settled in 
 Blagg's Clove in 1753. It is not known that he occu- 
 pied the Richard Van Dam Patent. The Moffatts 
 were early settlers upon this tract. 
 
 Vincent Matthews was active in promoting settle- 
 ment. His name appears upon the roll of attorneys 
 as early as 1741. He sold of his tract 1500 acres to 
 Lewis DuBois, of New Paltz. On this property 
 DuBois erected a tavern, and it was kept by Zach- 
 arias DuBois before the Revolution and during that 
 struggle. The mill which Matthews built he subse- 
 quently sold to John J. Carpenter. In 1776, Mr. 
 Carpenter, associated with Hon. Henry Wisner, made 
 powder there under a contract with the State. Henry 
 Wisner, Jr., with the Phillipses, had another powder- 
 mill at Phillipsburgh, Wallkill. 
 
 As Blooming-Grove was a part of Cornwall from 
 1764 to 1799, we obtain the names of settlers prior to 
 the Revolution mostly from the records of Cornwall, 
 and from the list of signers to the Revolutionary 
 Articles of Association. Prior to 1764 the territory of 
 Blooming-Grove was a part of Goshen Precinct, the 
 records of which are lost. It is believed the follow- 
 ing memorandum includes the name of nearly every 
 permanent settler before the Revolution. Others 
 may, however, be found in the general list given in 
 the chapter upon Cornwall, to which we refer. ' 
 
 John Brewster, Sr., was the first town clerk in 
 Cornwall, chosen in 1765. His son succeeded him 
 four years later. It was at his house and that of his 
 son (.same place, we suppose) that Cornwall town- 
 meetings were held for more than thirty years. The 
 names of Edward, Jesse, Francis, Isaac, and Nathan 
 Brewster also appear in the early records. John 
 Brewster, Jr., was chosen town clerk of Cornwall in 
 1769, and the records were kept by him until 1794, 
 when he was succeeded by Daniel Brewster. 
 
 George Duryea. One of this name was chosen 
 path-master at the first town-meeting, of 1799, in 
 Blooming-Grove. Probably the same man, as the 
 difterence of time, twenty-four years, is not too much. 
 
 Richard Goldsmith, Sr. and Jr. One of them was 
 chosen overseer of the highways in 1765, "from John 
 Brewster's to Gilbert's" ; and path-master of District 
 8, in 1775. Richard Goldsmith, probably the younger, 
 was security for a constable at the first town-meeting 
 of Blooming-Grove, 1799. 
 
 Benjamin Gregory was chosen overseer of the high- 
 ways in 1765 from his house to Oxford. He had a 
 son, Benjamin Gregory, Jr. Probably their neigh- 
 borhood was near the line of Monroe. 
 
 John Hudson was chosen collector for Cornwall in 
 1765. He lived at Blooming-Grove, and was also a 
 constable. Henry Hudson, probably a son, was the 
 first collector of Blooming-Grove, 1799. William 
 Hudson is also mentioned in these early records. 
 
 Archibald Little, Sr. and Jr. One of them was 
 chosen in 1765 a fence-viewer for Oxford, showing 
 his residence to have been in that neighborhood. He 
 was soon after appointed justice of the peace, and 
 was a member of the Committee of Safety in 1775. 
 There are also mentioned in the early records Timo- ' 
 thy James and Solomon Little. 
 
BLOOMING-GROVE. 
 
 631 
 
 James Mapes lived near Peddler's Hill, in Bloom- 
 ing-Grove. His sons were Wines, Jesse, Robert, James, 
 Barney, David, William ; daughters, Mrs. Terry and 
 Mrs. Turner. Thomas JIapes is also mentioned in 
 the old records. He lived near Peddler's Hill. 
 
 Elihu Marvin, Sr. and Jr. One of them was chosen 
 an overseer of the poor in Cornwall in 1765, and also 
 a fence- viewer for Oxford. Elihu Marvin wa.s a mem- 
 ber of the Committee of Safety in 1775 ; one of the 
 judges of the county in 1778 ; Seth Marvin, assessor, ^ 
 1775 ; Nathan Marvin, path-master of District 16, 
 1775; James Marvin, justice of the peace, 1777. John 
 and Jesse Marvin are al.so named in the early records. 
 
 Samuel Moffatt, Sr. and Jr. The father was chosen 
 an overseer of the poor in Cornwall, 1765, and the son 
 a path-master in Blooming-Grove, 1799. 
 
 Col. Vincent Matthews was a well-known mili- 
 tary officer of the Revolution, and a leading citizen of 
 the county. He was county clerk from 1726 to 1763. 
 James Matthews, highway commissioner in 1775, and 
 Fletcher Matthews are mentioned also prior to 1775. 
 
 Thomas Mofi'att was an early magistrate, a member 
 of the Committee of Safety, and county clerk from 
 1778 to 1794. 
 
 Joseph Mapes lived on what has been known in 
 later years as the Nathaniel Clark place. A daugh- 
 ter married Thomas Galloway, and there were sons, — 
 John, Nathan, David. 
 , Josiah Reeder was chosen overseer of the highway 
 ' in 1765, for a district from the " Otterkill to Col. 
 Matthews'." There are also mentioned in the early 
 records Samuel, Jacob, Stephen, and Peter Reeder. 
 
 Israel Seeley was a delegate to the first Provincial 
 Convention, May 20, 1775. There are also found in 
 the old records the names of Thaddeus Seeley, John 
 Seeley, Samuel and Jesse Seeley. 
 
 Josiah Seeley was path-master in Cornwall for Dis- 
 trict 15 in 1775. Josiah, Jr., was chosen an overseer 
 of the poor, Blooming-Grove, 1799. (See Chester.) 
 
 Bezaliel Seeley, Sr. and Jr. One of them was 
 "chosen for Oxford," in 1765, overseer of the road 
 "from Israel Seeley's to Gregory's." In the Chester 
 account of the Seeley family it is stated that Bezaliel 
 Seeley, the pioneer, was a bachelor. These were 
 doubtless of a later generation, or a different branch. 
 Senior and junior are, however, occasionally used to 
 distinguish two of the same name, whether they are 
 father and son or of no relation. 
 
 Selah Strong was a justice of the peace in 1765. 
 Thirty-four years later Selah Strong was the first 
 supervisor of Blooming-Grove. There are also men- 
 tioned Samuel Strong, justice of the peace in 1777, 
 and Nathan Strong, overseer of District 21, in 1775. 
 
 Nathaniel Satterly was path-master for District No. 
 42 in 1775, and justice of the peace in 1778. Sat- 
 terly's mill was a very early affair, being mentioned 
 in 1765. Satterly was a member of the Committee 
 of Safety in 1775. There are also named in the early 
 records John Satterly and Selah Satterly. 
 
 James Sayre, Sr. and Jr. James Sayre was an at- 
 torney in 1770. James Sayre, probably the younger, 
 was mentioned at the first town-meeting, 1799, in 
 Blooming-Grove. Nathaniel Sayre, Sr. and Jr., are 
 also named before the Revolution, and John Sayre. 
 
 Nathaniel Strong was supervisor of Cornwall in 
 1775; a justice of the peace soon after; a member of 
 the Committee of Safety in 1775 ; and was shot dead 
 by Tories at the door of his own house Oct. 6, 1778. 
 
 Capt. Jesse Woodhull settled at Blagg's Clove, about 
 1753, upon a tract of 500 acres. He was a delegate 
 to the first Provincial Convention, April 20, 1775, 
 and a member of the State Convention that ratified 
 the Federal Constitution • June 17, 1788. Ebenezer 
 Woodhull is mentioned as a town officer in 1775. 
 
 George Whitaker. The name of Benjamin Whita- 
 ker appears as path-master of District 17 in Blooming- 
 Grove, 1799. 
 
 Silas Young, Sr. and Jr. ; one was chosen in 1765 
 overseer of the highways from the end of Oxford Road 
 to R. Youngs'. Reuben Young was asses.sor for Dis- 
 trict No. 6, of Cornwall, in 1775. Birdseye Young 
 was at Oxford, first lieutenant Oxford Company, 1775. 
 
 Stephen Gilbert was chosen in 1765 overseer of the 
 highways for a district extending " from the precinct 
 line to the Otterkill." He was a member of the Com- 
 mittee of Safety in 1775. Matthias Gilbert's name 
 also appears. 
 
 Zachariah DuBois was chosen commissioner of high- 
 ways for Cornwall, 1765 ; in 1775 was one of the Com- 
 mittee of Safety. John DuBois died at Fishkill 
 Landing in 1869, aged ninety-nine years. Zachariah, 
 above named, kept the tavern at Salisbury. He was 
 taken prisoner at Fort Montgomery in 1777. 
 
 Hezekiah Howell, Sr. and Jr. The father was the 
 first supervisor of Cornwall, 1765; and one was over- 
 seer of highways the same 3'ear " for Blagg's Clove." 
 Hezekiah Howell was one of the Committee of Safety 
 in 1775. Isaiah, Stephen, Isaac, Paul, Zephaniah, 
 Charles, Aaron, Silas, and Jeremiah are also named 
 prior to 1775. 
 
 Daniel Mapes may have been the same man who 
 was path-master of District 19, Blooming-Grove, in 
 1799. 
 
 Benjamin Goldsmith and Thomas Goldsmith are 
 both mentioned before the Revolution. 
 
 David Coleman was chosen a fence-viewer for 
 Blooming-Grove in 1765. Others before the Revolu- 
 tion were Caleb, Joab, Asahel, Micah, Silas, Richard. 
 Jeremiah Coleman was an assessor in 1765. Daniel 
 Coleman was a justice of the peace in 1777. Thomas 
 Coleman and John Coleman are also mentioned in 
 . the old records. Thomas Coleman, Jr., was path- 
 master of No. 43 in 1775. 
 
 Francis Drake was named as an overseer of high- 
 ways in Cornwall, 1765, for a district' extending from 
 " Henry Mapes' to Thomas Mapes'." This description 
 ! may identify his location. Richard Drake is also 
 named. 
 
632 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Nathaniel Curtis settled in Blooming-Grove in 
 1760. He had a mill as early as 1765. Coleman 
 Curtis and Daniel Curtis are also mentioned before 
 the Revolution. 
 
 Henry Davenport. He was an early blacksmith, 
 and is said to have had a son in the battle of Bunker 
 Hill. He probably lived in what is now Chester. 
 Oliver Davenport is also mentioned in the early 
 records. 
 
 John Carpenter was doubtless the man to whom 
 Col. Vincent Matthews sold the early mill at Salis- 
 bury. Benjamin, Timothy, Elijah, Noah, John, Jr., 
 and William are also mentioned before the Revolu- 
 tion. 
 
 Wm. MofFatt was an assessor in 1775. John Mof- 
 fatt and Isaac Moffatt are also mentioned. 
 
 Timothy Owens and Wm. Owens are also men- 
 tioned before the Revolution. 
 
 Capt. Silas Piersou was chosen assessor for District 
 No. 3, of »>ld Cornwall, in 1775. Silas Picrson, Jr., is 
 also mentioned. 
 
 Nathaniel Satterly. He was path-master of District 
 No. 42 in 1775, and. justice of the peace in 1778. One 
 of the name had a mill as early as 1765. Nathaniel 
 Satterly was a member of the Cornwall Committee" 
 of Safety in 1775. 
 
 Benjamin Strong was chosen in 1765 an overseer of 
 the highway '* from the meeting-house to Adam Col- 
 lins' and to the new school-house." As the Blooming- 
 Grove meeting-house was built in 1759, Benjamin 
 Strong lived in that vicinity. 
 
 Joel Tuthill was chosen in 1765 overseer of the 
 highway " from Curtis Coleman's to Nathaniel Curtis' 
 mill, and so along to the Round Hill." Jonathan 
 Tuthill was path-master of District 20, of Cornwall, in 
 1775. He, or one of the same name, was also named 
 as path-master in Blooming-Grove in 1799. John W. 
 Tuthill and Samuel Tuthiil are also mentioned, and 
 Francis Daniel Benjamin ; also Capt. James Tuthill. 
 
 John WooUey. He was chosen path-master in 1765 
 for the road from "the new meeting-house to Martin 
 Remelies." The Blooming-Grove meeting-house was 
 built in 1759, and might properly be termed new. 
 
 William Gregg, Hugh Gregg, and Robert Gregg 
 are mentioned in the records prior to the Revolution. 
 
 For additional names of families preceding the 
 Revolution we refer to a list in the chapter upon 
 Cornwall. Additional light is also thrown upon this 
 subject by the very complete military rolls and other 
 memoranda given in the genei'al chapter upon mili- 
 tary matters. The names of the different companies 
 there given indicate to quite an extent the residence 
 of the men enrolled. We add from a former writer 
 the following notes upon several families of this 
 town : 
 
 "William S. Woodhull was a descendant of Richard Woodluill, who 
 appears to have first settled at Jamaica, on Long Island, about the year 
 1648, and removed to Setauket, then called Cromwell Bay, in 1656. The 
 Dame was originally written Wodhull,and pronounced Odel or Odhull, 
 
 and even to the present time (1847) several branches of the family are so 
 called, which was owing, it is believed, to giving the W a Welsh pronun- 
 ciation, which is equivalent to 00. It is said that the family from which 
 he descended is very ancient, and may be traced to an individual who 
 came to England from Normandy with William the Cunquerer, in 1066. 
 
 " He was born at Theuford, Northamptonshire, England, on Sept. 13, 
 1620. His zeal in the cause of English liberty during the Protectorate 
 is supposed to have been the cause of his emigrating, as his situation in 
 England would have been an unluippy one on the restoration of the 
 monarchy. 
 
 " The name of his wife was Deborah. He died in October, 1690, leav- 
 ing issue, — Richard, Nathaniel, and Deborah. Nathaniel died without 
 issue, and Deborah married John Lawrence, of Newtown. 
 
 " Richard, the eldest son of the emigraut, was born Oct. 9, 1649, and 
 mairied Temperance, daughter of Rev. Jonah Fordham, of Southampton. 
 He died Oct. 18, ltJ99. leaving issue,— Richard, Nathaniel, John, Josiah, 
 Dorothy, and Temperance. Richard, the eldest, inherited the paternal 
 estate at Setauket, and Nathaniel, from whom the family in this county 
 descended, settled upon lands devised to him at Mastic. He married 
 Sarah, daughter of Richard Smith (2), of Smithtown, by whom he had 
 issue, — Hannah, Temperance, Nathaniel, Dorothy, Sarah, Richanl.Ruth, 
 Jesse, Juliana, Deborah, and Ebenezer. He died March 9, 1760. Han- 
 nah married Mr. Strong, of Blooming-Grove, and her descendants are 
 numerous. Nathaniel, born Dec. 30, 1722, inherited the paternal estate 
 at Mastic. He was known as Gen. Nathaniel Woodhull, took an active 
 part in the early efforts to resist British oppression, but was viulently 
 assaulted by a British officer near Jamaica, L. I., and died on Sept. 20, 
 1776. Richard received a liberal education, settled, and died at New 
 Haven, Conn. His family has become extinct. Ruth married Judge 
 William Smith, of Mastic. Jesse, well known in Orange County as Col, 
 Jesse Woodhull, was born at Mastic, Suffolk Co., L. I., on Feb. 10, 1735. 
 He settled at Blagg's Clove, Orange Co., about 1753, being about eighteen 
 years of age. He had about ooO acres, a part of which was subsequently 
 owned by Wm. Woodimll, the residue by Wm. S. Woodhull. He manied 
 Hester, daughter of Capt, Lewis Dubois, of Orange County, by whom he 
 had issue, — Nathaniel, Richard, Sarah, Renelihe, Hannah, Jesse, and 
 Ebenezer. He died Feb. 4, 1795, aged about sixty years. His widow 
 died Nov. 29, 1808, aged seventy-four years and twenty-nine days. Col. 
 WoiidhulTs son Nathaniel was born Nov. 1, 1758. Married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Leonard Nicoll,of New Windsor, and died, leaving no issue, 
 April 12, 1799. 
 
 " Richard, second son of Col. Woodhull, married Hannah, daughter of 
 ■Judge William Smith and Ruth Woodhull, befure mentioned, of Mas- 
 tic, by whom ho had issue, — Jesse, William Smith, Nathaniel Dubois, 
 and Ruth Hester. His widow, born Oct. 4, 1764, died Jan. 6, 1809, aged 
 forty-four years, three months, and twelve days. 
 
 "Jesse, eldest son of Richard and Hannah Woodhull, died Oct. 12, 
 1800, aged five years, six months, and twelve days. William Smith, 
 the subject of remark, was born Aug. 9, 1796, and now resides on a part 
 of Col. WoodhuU's estate in Blagg's Clove. He married Fanny H., eldest 
 daughter of Abraham Schultz, Esq., of New Windsor, Nov. 10, 1S25, by 
 whom he had issue, — Abraham Schultz, born Nov. 21,1826; William 
 Henry, Nov. 4, 1828 ; Sarah Jane, May 9, 1831; and Jesse, July 17, 1833. 
 Sarah Jane died June 28, 1S43. 
 
 "Nathaniel DuBois was born Nov. :iO, 1797, married Frances Maude- 
 vill; left issue, — Richard William, Francis M., and Jacob. Ruth Hester 
 was bora Nov. 30, 1800, and died unmarried Oct. 8, 1839. 
 
 "Sarah, eldest daughter of Col. Woodhull, married Col. John Floyd, 
 of Smithtown, Suffolk Co. Renelihe married Nathaniel Smith, of Smith- 
 town, and Hannah, Oliver Smith, of Moriches. Jesse received an educa- 
 tion, read medicine, made several voyages to the East Indies, and died at 
 Pine Grove, Amite Co., Miss. 
 
 " Ebenezer settled near Utica, Oneida Co., N. Y., and married there. 
 
 "Juliana, daughter of Nathaniel Woodhull, of Mastic, married Heze- 
 kiah Howell, of Blooming-Grove; was the mother of the present Heze- 
 kiah Howell, of Blooming-Grove, and Judge Nathaniel W, Howell, of 
 Canandaigua. Her descendants are numerous. Deborah married Isaac 
 NicoU, of Ilackensack, N.J. Ebenezer settled in Blooming-Grove, mar- 
 ried Abigail Howell, and was father to Fletcher Wuodhull and several 
 other sons and daughters." 
 
 On the maternal side they are descendants of Col. 
 William Smith, whose descendants on Long Island are 
 denominated the Tangier Smiths in contradistinction 
 to Richard Smith's family, called Bull Smiths. He was 
 born in England at Higham-Ferrers, Northampton- 
 
BLOOMING-GROVE. 
 
 633 
 
 shire, Feb. 2, 1655. In 1675 he was appointed gov- 
 ernor of Tangier by Charles II., which place, with 
 Bombay, was given to him as a marriage portion by the 
 king of Portugal. But the project of erecting an estab- 
 lishment upon that coast did not succeed. Col. Smith 
 therefore returned to England in 1683. He married 
 Martha, daughter of Henry Tunstall, Esq., of Putney, 
 in the county of Surrey, Nov. 26, 1675. He arrived 
 at New York on the 6th of August, 1686, purchased 
 a large tract of land in Brookhaven, which was erected 
 into a manor called St. George's Manor. He was 
 appointed a justice of the Supreme Court by Gov- 
 ernor Slaughter in 1691, and chief justice by Col. 
 Fletcher in 1692. He took an active part in the 
 transpiring events of the colony, and died Feb. 18, 
 1706. His surviving children were Henry, William 
 Henry, Patty, Gloriana, and Charles Jeft'rey. Henry 
 was born at Tangier, Jan. 19, 1679, and died 1767, 
 aged eighty-eight years. 
 
 William Henry Smith, second son of Chief Justice 
 Smith, was born March 13, 1690. He settled upon a 
 part of his father's purchase at Mastic on the south 
 side of the island. His first wife was a Miss Merritt, 
 of Boston, by whom he had a son, Merritt. His 
 second wife was Hannah Cooper, by whom he had 
 issue, — William, Caleb, Elizalieth, Sarah, Martha, 
 Jane, and Hannah. 
 
 William Smith, eldest son of William Henry, was 
 born in 1720. He was absent from his family and 
 estate during the whole of the Revolutionary war, 
 and spent his time with his friends in Orang^^ounty. 
 He was a judge of the county court and a member 
 of the Provincial Congress. In 1777 he was elected 
 a senator under the State constitution, which ofiice 
 he held till 1783. He died March 17, 1799. His first 
 wife was Mary, daughter of Daniel Smith, of Smith- 
 town, by whom he had John (afterwards Senator John 
 Smith, of Suftblk County) and Mary. 
 
 His second wife was Ruth, sister of Gen. Woodhull, 
 of Suftblk, and Col. Woodhull, of Orange County, 
 by whom he had issue, — William, Caleb, Mary, Han- 
 nah, Elizabeth, and Sarah. Hannah married Richard 
 Woodhull, of Blooming-Grove, son of Col. Woodhull, 
 and had issue, — Jesse, William Smith, Nathaniel Du- 
 Bois, and Ruth Hester, as before noticed in the 
 genealogy of the Woodhull family. 
 
 IV.— OBGANIZATION. 
 Blooming-Grove was organized as a town March 
 23, 1799, and its territory was taken from that of 
 Cornwall. April 5, 18.30, a part of Blooming-Grove 
 was taken ofl" in the formation of Hamptonburgh, 
 being so much of Hamptonburgh as now lies south 
 of the old county line, and east of the former line 
 between Goshen and Cornwall, of which the present 
 east line of Goshen is believed to be a part. Fifteen 
 years later, March 22, 1845, a portion of Blooming- 
 Grove was set oft" towards the formation of the town 
 of Chester. This was that small part of Chester 
 41 
 
 which lies southeast of the division line of the old 
 
 precincts of Cornwall and Goshen, and northwest of 
 the southeast line of Blooming-Grove, extended until 
 it intersects the said precinct line. The name of 
 Blooming-Grove had long been in use for a part of 
 Cornwall, and appropriately became the name of the 
 new civil division. The name, Blooming-Grove, was 
 that of the old village, and was adoi>ted to distinguish 
 it from Hunting-Grove, a well-known locality then in 
 New Windsor. 
 
 The first town-meeting of Blooming-Grove was 
 held as shown in the following record: 
 
 " A journal of theproceediugsof the freeholdere and inhabitants of the 
 town of Blooming-Grove at their first annual town-meeting, held at the 
 house of John Chandler, in said town, on the firet Tuesday in April, one 
 thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine, agreeable to an act to divide 
 the town of Cornwall into three towns, passed the twenty-third of March, 
 1799. 
 
 " Present, Anslem Helm, John McDowell, Justices of the Peace. 
 
 " It was voted that the act to divide the town of Cornwall into three 
 towns should be read. 
 
 "It was voted: Daniel Brewster, town clerk; Selali Strong, super- 
 visor; John McDowell, Samuel Strong, Richard Goldsmith, commis- 
 sioners of highways; Job Sayre, John Tuthill, Samuel MofTatt, assesors; 
 William Hudson, collector (Richard Goldsmith and Anslem his secu- 
 rity) ; Josiah Seeley, Jr., Zephaniah Halsey, overseers of the poor. 
 
 "It was voted that the constable chosen should give security ; Henry 
 Daner, constable, James Thompson (James Sayre, his security). 
 
 Overseers of Highways. — No. 1, Josiah Seeley, ,Tr. ; No. 2, Job Sayre ; 
 No. 3, Isaac Bull; No. 4, David Rumsey; No. .5, Abimael Young; No. 6, 
 Benjamin Gregory ; No. 7, Zopher Ketcham ; No. 8, Samuel Strong; No. 
 9, Jonathan Tuthill; No. 10, Asahel Coleman; No. 11, John Kidd; No. 
 12, John Chandler ; No. 13, Joshua Curtis ; No. U, Samuel Tuthill ; No. 
 l.*), John Reader; No. 16, Benjamin Whitaker; No. 17, Nathan H.White; 
 No. 18, Samuel Mofiatt; No. 19, Daniel Mapes; No. 20, Nathan Mofiatt ; 
 No. 21, Zephaniah Halsey ; No. 22, David Hawkins ; No. 23, Phineas 
 Heard; No. 24, Hector Craig; No. 25, Jotham Jayne ; No. 26, George 
 Duryea." 
 
 It was agreed to raise the sum of $200 for the use 
 of the poor the ensuing year. It was voted to pay 
 810 bounty on each wolf killed within the town. It 
 was agreed to raise money for the payment of Richard 
 Goldsmith and Josiah Seeley, late commi.ssioners. 
 John Tuthill, Hezekiah Howell, John Chandler, 
 Phineas Heard, Selah Strong, and Josiah Seeley were 
 appointed fence-viewers. 
 
 The meeting then adjourned to the first Tuesday in 
 April, 1800, at the meeting-house in Blooming-Grove. 
 
 GENERAL NOTES FROM THE RECORDS. 
 The first road-survey recorded after the formation 
 of Blooming-Grove appears to be the following : 
 
 " Beginning between John B. Hortou's house and barn and running a 
 slant westward down the hill, and then making a small bend eastward, 
 then straight to the north corner of James Thompson's land, and so on 
 Garret Duryea's land, so as to intercept the Goshen road west of Garret 
 Duryea's house, said road to be two rods wide. Surveyed June 5, 1800; 
 recorded Feb. 4, 1803." 
 
 1800. — At the second annual town-meeting the fol- 
 lowing additional names appear of those elected to 
 office who were not chosen in the first year. Samuel 
 Strong, Jr., Russell Bugbee, Benjamin Mapes, Joseph 
 King, Joseph McLaughlin, David Wiley, Asa Steward, 
 John ]\Iiller, Silas Pierson, Richard S. Hubbard, John 
 I. Brooks, George Thompson, James Smith, Ebenezer 
 Seeley, Joel Coleman. 
 
634 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 April 3, 1800. — Jonas Seeley records the birth of a 
 slave child named Charles, born July 8, 1799. Under 
 the same date John Marvin records the birth of a 
 slave child named Dorcas, born Aug. 9, 1799. 
 
 Sept. 26, 1800. — Anselni Helm certifies that a slave 
 child, Chloe, was born June 21, 1800. 
 
 Quite a number of similar notices appear in the 
 books from 1800 to 1820, by Seth :\[arvin, Elihu 
 Marvin, Charles Howell, John Marvin, Hezekiah 
 Howell, Capt. Phineas Heard, James Denniston, 
 Selah Strong, and many others. 
 
 The manumission of a slave woman named Peg by 
 John Chandler, with the consent of the overseers of 
 the poor, is recorded under date of March 29, 180-1. 
 
 July 15, 1819. — The highway commissioners certify 
 that they have " viewed the bridge over the outlet 
 of Gray Court meadows, on the road from Hezekiah 
 Moffatt's to O.xford, and do agree that it is no longer 
 a public benefit, and do annul the same and declare 
 it to be no longer a town charge." 
 
 1821. — A bounty of $25 was ofl'ered for each wolf 
 killed in the town. It was also voted that year to 
 petition the Legislature to confirm the survey made 
 by Samuel McCown and David W. Brewster between 
 the towns of Blooming-Grove and New Windsor. 
 
 1822. — It was voted that no man in possession of 
 fifty acres of land should suffer his cattle to run on 
 the commons ; if taken up to pay a fine of fifty cents. 
 
 1826. — It was voted to raise $700 for the support of 
 the poor; also to raise $10 to pay Howell for killing 
 a wolf. 
 
 Dec. 27, 1827. — At a special town-meeting Joseph 
 McLaughlin w'as chosen supervisor in place of Heze- 
 kiah Moffatt, deceased. 
 
 The principal town officers from 1799 to 1880 have 
 been as follows : 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1799-1801 Selah Strong. Daniel Brewster. 
 
 1802-4 Ji>hn Tutliill. " " 
 
 1805-10 Job Sayre. " " 
 
 1811-17 Jeremiah Horton. " " 
 
 1818-V:0.. Joseph McLaughlin. '* '* 
 
 V1821 Jeremiah Ilurton. " " 
 
 1822-24 Zeph:iiii;ili Ilalsey. " " 
 
 1825-27 Hezekiah .^(.tlatt. " " 
 
 1828-30 Josejih SIi l.aiif;lilin. " " 
 
 1831-32 Wm.S. \V(.,,(lhiill. " 
 
 1833-36 Joseph JIi l.aiinliliu. " " 
 
 1837 Georg'' W. Tutliill. David H. Moffatt. 
 
 1S38-41 James Duryea. '■ " 
 
 ■ 1842-43 Walter Halsey. " " 
 
 1844 Thomas C. Brewster. " " 
 
 184.5-46 David H. Moffatt, Jr. John Jaijues. 
 
 1847 " " Albert G. Owen. 
 
 1848-49 " " Alexander Moore, Jr. 
 
 1850 George W. Tuthill. " 
 
 1851 Jos. H. McLaughlin. " " 
 
 1852 James G. Thompson. James R. Bell. 
 
 1853 Jos. H. McLaughlin. Charles S. Pitt. 
 
 1854 Andrew J. Heard. Jame^ R. Bell. 
 
 1855 Charles E. Brooks. " " 
 
 1856 George W. Tuthill. Albert G. Owen. 
 
 1857 AUleii Goldsmith. Alexander Moore. 
 
 1858 " " Philander Mix. 
 
 1859 Jos. H. McLaughlin. " " 
 
 1860-61 " " Nathan Benjamin. 
 
 1862-63 Alden Goldsmith. " " 
 
 1864r-65 " " John H. McLaughlin. 
 
 1866 " " Wm.S. Howell. 
 
 1867 Jos. H. McLaughlin. " " 
 
 1868-71 Sam'l C. Van Vleet, Jr. " " 
 
 1872 Nathan W. Howell. James M.Miller. 
 
 1873 Albert G. Owen. " " 
 
 1874 " " Sanford D. Hallock. 
 
 1875 " " Charles W. Hull. 
 
 1870-80 Selah E. Strong. " 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 The following are named in the records as having 
 presided at the town-meetings during the period 1799 
 to 1830, the years given being the dates when their 
 respective names first appear: 1799, Anslem Helm, 
 John McDowell ; 1803, Paul Howell ; 1804, Nathan 
 H. White; 1809, George Thompson; 1811, Jeremiah 
 Horton ; 1816, Henry Brewster; 1821, Joseph Mc- 
 Laughlin, Moses Ely ; 1823, Wm. W. Brooks ; 1829, 
 Robert Denniston. Among these Nathan H. White 
 was in office nearly all the time, and was elected by 
 the people for further services, as seen below. 
 
 1830, Nathan H. White; 1831, Moses Ely; 1832, James Young; 1833, 
 John Moffatt; 1834, Wm. W. Brooks; 1835, Moses Ely; 1830, Jede- 
 diah H. Brewster, Jesse Bull; 1837, Wm. S. Wooclbull, Nicholas 
 Dederer; 1838, Nicholas A. Dederer, Seely V. Roe; 1839, Andrew D. 
 Caldwell, John H. Tuthill; 1840, Fred. H. Brewster, Nathan H. 
 White; 1841, John II. Tuthill ; 1842, Charles S. Pitts; 1S4.3, Nathan 
 H. While; 1S44, Grant B. Marvin; 1.845, Hiram Tuthill; 1846, Cbas. 
 S. Pitts; 1S47, Benj. G. Horton; 1848, F. H. Brewster, H. J.Duryea; 
 
 1849, Hiram Tuthill, Wright G. Kershaw ; 1860, Chas. S. Pitts; 1851, 
 Walter C. Many, Robert Denniston; 1852, Peter B. Taylor, James 
 Satlerly; 1853, Alpheus Duryea; 1854, Chas. S.Pitts; 1855, Hiram 
 Tuthill; 1856, Peter B. Taylor; 1857, Richard Caldwell, Noah Math- 
 ewson; 1868, Charles E. Brooks; 1859, Nathaniel W. Howell ; 1860, 
 Valentine Seaman ; 1861, Richard Caldwell ; 1862, Noah Mathewson ; 
 1863, Nathaniel W. Howell, Charles E. Brooks ; 1804, Samuel C. Van 
 Vleet, Jr. ; 1865, Richard Caldwell ; 1806, Albert G. Owen ; 1807, Val- 
 entine Seaman ; 1808. Jesse Bull ; 1869, Richard Caldwell, Nathaniel 
 W. Howell; 1870, John C. Warner; 1871, Valentine Seaman, John 
 B. Vroom ; 1872, Samuel B. Strong ; 1873, Richard Caldwell ; 1874, 
 John F. Graham; 1875.Valentine Seaman ; 1870, Samuel R. Strong; 
 1877, Richard Caldwell; 1878, J.Owen Moore ; 1879, John F. Graham; 
 
 1850, Valentine Seaman. 
 
 V.-VILLAGES, NEIGHBORHOOD NAMES. 
 WASHINGTONVILLE 
 is the |)rincipal village of the town, situated upon 
 the old public road from Newburgh to Goshen, eleven 
 miles from the former and nine miles from the latter. 
 It is now a station upon the Newburgh Branch of the 
 Erie Railroad. It is said to have been named in 
 honor of Gen. Washington, and is situated in an 
 open, pleasant country upon the Otterkill, or Mur- 
 derer's Creek. The railroad crosses the stream twice, 
 the station buildings being located between the cross- 
 ings and the main portion of the village, lying upon 
 the opposite side. It is a stirring business place, with 
 shop, stores, manufactures, schools, and churches. It 
 has already been mentioned that Thomas Goldsmith 
 bought and probably settled here in 1731. It was un- 
 doubtedly the second point of settlement in town, 
 Sali-sbury being the first. The rich, fertile lands at- 
 tracted immigration, and many, no doubt, soon after 
 joined Mr. Goldsmith in this location. Long before 
 the opening of any modern lines of travel this place 
 was upon one of the oldest roads in the county. Its 
 distance from Goshen and Newburgh was favorable 
 to the growth of a village. Its modern development 
 dates from the opening of the Erie Railroad. A 
 post-office was established here at an early day. The 
 present incumbent of the office is Selah Strong, and 
 the office is kept at the store of W. S. Howell, who is 
 
BLOOMING-GROVE. 
 
 635 
 
 deputy postmaster in charge. Mr. Strong was ap- 
 pointed in July of the present year. His predecessor 
 was Alexander Moore, who held the office about six 
 years. Nathan H. ^McLaughlin was postmaster for 
 about thirteen years from 1861-G2. Before him John 
 C. Warner had the office for four years. Mr. Breed 
 was postmaster, and after his death Jlrs. Breed held 
 the position for one year. 
 
 The present business indicates a thriving country 
 village. Near the station is the grist-mill of Thomas 
 Fulton, using both steam- and water-power as may 
 be necessary. It is both a custom- and flouring-mill. 
 Mr. Fulton took possession about five years ago. The 
 mill was built by David Wright twenty-five years 
 ago. It was located on the same site as a mill of 
 earlier years. There is also the manufacturing estab- 
 lishment of Taylor & Belknap, making cheese-boxes, 
 wagon-felloes, spokes, hubs, etc. 
 
 At Washington ville there is also located the cream- 
 ery belonging to the Farmers' Association. This has 
 been in successful operation for some years. Other 
 business in Washingtonville at the present time may 
 be summed up as follows : A hotel by James Angus ; 
 store by John C. Warner, general merchandise ; also 
 by S. H. Johnson, general merchandise, aud by W. 
 S. Howell, general merchandise, and also coal ; hard- 
 ware-store and tin-shop, C. W. Hull ; also a tin-shop by 
 Charles McKinney ; groceries, boots and shoes by M. 
 E. Deuniston ; groceries, Edward McLaughlin; fur- 
 niture and undertaking, A. Moore & Co. ; feed, flour, 
 lumber, coal, Charles G. Cooper; same line of busi- 
 ness, Hector Mofifatt ; harness-shop and horse-goods. 
 Brooks & Parsons ; wagon-shop, Daniel Giles; wagon- 
 and paint-shop. Murphy & Ploughman ; blacksmith- 
 ing, Henry Dusinberry ; blacksmithing, Charles 
 Green; millinery, Mrs. Bull; meat-markets, one by 
 I. J. Bull, and one by George Clark ; drug-store by 
 Bond Bros. ; also one by M. B. Shafer; shoe-shop and 
 store by Charles Boyle ; insurance agencies, one by W. 
 J. Tuthill, and another by Wm. Westervelt, the latter 
 of whom is also an auctioneer ; Dr. J. Motfatt and Dr. 
 S. D. DuBois, physicians. 
 
 The station buildings of the Erie Railway are con- 
 veniently situated. Hallock's Hall supplies a place 
 for lectures and public entertainments. A degree of 
 literary taste exists here superior to that usually found 
 in small rural villages. A course of lectures for the 
 current season, 1880-81, J. Owen Moore, manager, 
 comprises some of the best platform speakers in the 
 country. 
 
 Washingtonville is delightfully situated on the al- 
 luvial lands bordering the winding channel of the 
 Otterkill. In choosing it as a point of settlement 
 the white people imitated the ruder sons of the for- 
 est, who had probably dwelt for centuries in this vicin- 
 ity, the wigwam of the chief Maringamus having 
 been but a short distance east of the village. From 
 Washingtonville the long, rugged Schunemunk range 
 meets the eye, while nearer are the cultivated farms, 
 
 the rich and well-tilled fields indicating homes of 
 comfort, abundance, and wealth. 
 
 SALISBURY MILLS VILLAGE 
 is a hamlet on the public road leading southwest from 
 Newburgh, distant from that place about eight miles, 
 and from Washingtonville three miles. The growth 
 of the place is due to the water-power supplied by 
 the Otterkill, or, as known at this point. Murderer's 
 Creek, or, in local parlance. Big Creek. The name 
 was bestowed by early settlers, perhaps in consequence 
 of certain associations with the places from which 
 they may have emigrated. The place is a station 
 upon the Erie Railroad (Newburgh Branch). Among 
 the men especially active in building up this place 
 and developing all of its varied interests may be 
 named Andrew J. Caldwell, Isaac K. Oakley, and 
 Peter Van Alen. 
 
 Mr. Caldwell was for a long series of years an ex- 
 tensive manufacturer of leather. A former wriler said 
 of him, — 
 
 "To skill ami lurpe exiieiiencc in cuoiluctiiig this Imsiness lie brings 
 a minil cultivuteil « itli a varied literaturo, aud well stored with agriciil- 
 tural knowledge and its kindred subjects Modest in temper and unob- 
 trusive as a child, he pursues the silent and even tenor of his way, at 
 peace with himself and the world around hiui. With his aged father 
 and brother-^, John, Richard, aud William, compatriots of the lamented 
 Emmet, after the outbreak in Ireland in 1798, he came to this country 
 and cast his lot iu with the citizens of this county. Doubtless it is hard 
 and trying to the best feelings of our nature to abandon the land of our 
 birth, the playground of our boyhood, the associations of youth and 
 ripening manhood. Around them linger and cling the tenderest and 
 strongest recollections ; but to be compelled to flee from them by force 
 of circumstances whicli we have neither made nor can control is akin 
 to hopeless despair aud like unto deatli." 
 
 The erection of the first mill about one hundred 
 and sixty years ago by Gen. Vincent Matthews has 
 been mentioned. In subsequent years the property 
 passed to Mr. Oakley, father of Isaac K. Oakley, who 
 remodeled the building into a paper-mill. Still later, 
 it was taken down, either wholly or in part, and the 
 grist-mill now run by Clark & Ketchum erected. It 
 is said that a part of the foundation walls are the 
 same as those of the early Matthews mill. Another 
 important enterprise at Salisbury is the present paper- 
 mill, situated a little below and near the line of Corn- 
 wall. Henry P. Ramsdell is the proprietor. The 
 buildings are of brick, large and commodious. A 
 full complement of hands are employed, and the 
 business is conducted with vigor and success. Print- 
 ing-paper and wrapping-paper constitute the principal 
 line of work. 
 
 Other business at Salisbury may be stated as fol- 
 lows : Post-office, kept by Richard Caldwell ; store, 
 general merchandise, C. H. Stevenson ; store, general 
 merchandise, Samuel M. Clemens ; wagon- and car- 
 riage-shop, Thomas B. Giles ; blacksmithing by John 
 Ewen, and also by William Hogan. Salisbury has 
 railroad facilities by means of the Newburgh Branch 
 of the Erie, there being several trains each way daily, 
 rendering communication with Newburgh easy, or 
 with New York by way of Gray Court. 
 
636 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 The Methodist Church have a comfortable house 
 of worship. (See notice elsewhere.) The Presby- 
 terian Church of Bethlehem have also built at this 
 place Hope Chapel, in which Sunday evening ser- 
 vice.s are maintained. The chapel is a neat and con- 
 venient edifice, standing on high ground, and is not 
 the least among the attractive features of the village. 
 The cost was about $3000. 
 
 Besides the business establishments and public 
 buildings mentioned, there are many pleasantly-situ- 
 ated private dwellings. 
 
 BLOOMING-GROVE 
 
 is a hamlet nearly central east and west, situated in 
 the valley of a southern branch of the Otterkill, a 
 branch usually known as the Schunemunk. The 
 growth of AVashingtonville, two miles away, and the 
 laying of the Erie Railroad so as to have stations at 
 Craigville and "Washingtonville and none at Bloom- 
 ing-Grove, stopped the tendency of business to cen- 
 tralize at this point, and so the real Blooming- 
 Grove of a hundred years ago, Blooming-Grove 
 " proper," is now only a rural neighborliood with 
 neither hotel nor stores. The regular successors of 
 the church of the fathers are, liowever, here, and their 
 children's children are leading the younger genera- 
 tions to the same sacred spot cherished in the early 
 days of settlement. The building of the meeting- 
 house of 1759 at this point indicates that it was then 
 central for at least the congregation that designed to 
 worship there. The ancient name of the village was 
 extended to the town on its organization. 
 
 CRAIGVILLE 
 was founded as a manufacturing village, and is some- 
 what romantically situated on Gray Court Creek, 
 better known as the Cromeline. It takes its name 
 from the Craig family. At this place there was a 
 forge, and, it is even said, a powder-mill during the 
 Revolution. Soon after that the property passed into 
 the hands of Mr. James Craig, and about 1790 he 
 commenced the manufacture of paper, and this busi- 
 ness was continued for many years after his death by 
 his son, Hon. Hector Craig, to whose enterprise the 
 growth of the village is mostly due. Mr. Craig also 
 erected a cotton-mill that stood down to within a few 
 years. 
 
 In later years Craigville is a station on the railroad, 
 tliough the station buildings are half a mile or more 
 from the village. At the station W. Wesley Thorn is 
 station-agent, nierchant, and postmaster. The firm 
 of ^Marvin & Thorn are also dealing in flour, feed, 
 and coal. Mr. Thorn has been postmaster about thir- 
 teen years. Previously the office was at the village, 
 and was kept by Mr. E. Duryea for several years, and 
 W. B. Hunter had been his predecessor. At the vil- 
 lage, distinct from the station, there is now the store 
 of Henry Ward, general merchandise ; the store of 
 Edwin Duryea, general merchandise ; blacksmithery, 
 
 by G. W. Parker ; wagon-shop, by W. C. Smith. At 
 this place is also located the modern and success- 
 fill business of Alexander Hornby, manufacturing 
 "steam-cooked cereals," supplying for market oaten 
 grits, oat-meal, also various similar forms of other 
 grains. The buildings used were formerly a grist-mill, 
 run by T. J. Murphy, a part of the old Craig property. 
 The cotton-factory of Hector Craig passed to sub- 
 sequent proprietors. It was destroyed by fire a few 
 years since and has not been rebuilt. It was then in 
 operation and under tlie proprietorship of Joseph 
 Greaves. There had also been a hul)-factory at 
 Craigville, established by Frank Woodhull. It was 
 also burned, Augustus Thompson being the proprie- 
 tor, and the enterprise has not been renewed. The 
 Methodist house of worship is still standing, but the 
 society is virtually united to that of Chester, and ser- 
 vices are not maintained here. The building is, how- 
 ever, a convenience for neighborhood meetings, funer- 
 als, etc. A school-house completes what may be 
 called the village of Craigville. The water-power 
 here is valuable, and capable of being utilized largely 
 as it has been in the past. 
 
 SATTERLY'S MILLS 
 are about six miles south of Washingtonville. The 
 creek upon which they are situated is the Schune- 
 munk,* and the mills are so called from their founder 
 — the pioneer Satterly. 
 
 This neighborhood is a place of very early settle- 
 ment. Nathaniel Satterly 's mill is mentioned in the 
 town-meeting of 1765. Uriah Grossman is the present 
 proprietor. There is no other special business at this 
 point. A Methodist society existed here for a time, 
 and a house of worship was erected. It is evident 
 from the frequency with which some of these names 
 in the interior of Blooming-Grove appear in the Corn- 
 wall records that there was quite a population in this 
 section — perhaps nearly as many as there are now 
 living in these rural neighborhoods; the military 
 rolls given elsewhere for 1776 indicate this fact 
 clearly. 
 
 OXFORD DEPOT 
 is on the line of the Erie Railroad, in the southwest 
 part of the town. It furnishes railroad facilities for 
 freight and passengers to a section of this and neigh- 
 boring towns. It has also a post-ofHce which was es- 
 tablished in 1842. The first postmaster was John H. 
 Tuthill, 1842-48 ; the second, Peter B. Taylor, 1848 
 -59; the third, Gilbert H. Clark, 1859-()1 ; the fourth, 
 S. C. Van Vliet, 1861-80. The Oxford neighborhood 
 of early times must have been of wider extent than 
 the present village. It evidently embraced quite a 
 district in the extreme southern or southwestern part 
 
 * The name of the creek seems to be somewhat uncertain on modern 
 maps and among the people, the name Satterly"s appearing to be given 
 at times to both Ibis stream and the one farther east. The explanation 
 may be that the Satterly mills were on this stream, and a Satterly home- 
 stead on the other. 
 
BLOOMING-GROVE. 
 
 637 
 
 of Blooming-Grove. Since the opening of the rail- 
 road the station is the point known as Oxford. The 
 business of the present time consists of the freighting 
 and passenger traffic of the Erie road ; a store of 
 general merchandise, by S. C. Van Vliet, who is also 
 postmaster, station-agent, and dealer in coal, flour, 
 and feed ; blacksmithery and a wagon-shop, by W. J. 
 Gaunt. The Friends' meeting-house is a mile or more 
 south of the station, and there was once a Methodist 
 church in that neighborhood, but the enterprise was 
 abandoned. (See Churche.s.) 
 
 Henry F. JIofTatt, Seeley Koe, William A. Halsey, 
 John Bell, John S. Bull, Isaac K. Oakley, Joseph C. 
 Piatt, William H. Arnold, Milton Hulse, Michael 
 Walsh, Jesse Bull, Stephen Reed, James Dean, 
 Charles Pitts, Charles E. Brown, Anselm Helm, 
 James M. Young, J. W. N. Bull. 
 
 After the method of supervision by town super- 
 intendents was adopted, the following persons were 
 elected to that office in this town : 
 
 Chosen annually : 1844— i6, Andrew J. Caldwell ; 
 
 1847, Philander Mix. Chosen once in two years : 
 
 1848, Samuel H.Moffiitt; 1850, Charles S. Pitts; 1852 
 -56, Philander Mix. 
 
 Occasional mention of early school-bouses appears 
 in describing road districts. At the present time 
 good schools are maintained in the several districts 
 of the town. 
 
 VI.-SCHOOLS. 
 
 In 1800, Seth Marvin, Daniel Brewster, and Phineas 
 Heard were chosen school commissioners. This was 
 under the early school law, which was repealed about 
 that time or allowed to become inoperative. 
 
 Under the new school act of 1812 the general school 
 system of this town was organized in 1813. During 
 the period 1813 to 1843 the following persons served 
 one or more years each as commissioners of common 
 schools, viz. : Jeremiah Horton, Daniel Brewster, 
 Nathan H. White, Edward W. Brewster, Hezekiah 
 Moflfatt, Andrew J. Caldwell, Wm. W. Brooks, Wm. 
 S. Woodhull, George W. Tuthill, Henry F. Moffatt, 
 Jesse Bull, Hector M. Craig, Seeley C. Roe, J. W. T. 
 Howell. 
 
 As there were three commissioners chosen annually 
 in this period of thirty years, the few names above 
 shows how continually the people trusted their school 
 interests to nearly the same men. Mr. White was 
 commissioner for nearly the whole period. During 
 this same length of time the following school in- 
 sjiectors served one or more years each : Selah Strong, 
 Joseph McLaughlin, Zephaniah Halsey, Hezekiah 
 Howell, Hezekiah Moftatt, John B. Horton, Samuel 
 Warner, David Brewster, Nathaniel W. Helm, Samuel 
 Strong, Andrew J. Caldwell, Robert C. Hunter, Wil- 
 liam Horton, Jr., Edward W. Brewster, Robert Den- 
 niston, Walter Halsey, Wm. W. Brooks, A. M. Brewster, 
 Moses Ostrander, R. Bell, Moses Ely. 
 
 VII.— CHURCHES. 
 
 For a long period after its settlement there was but 
 one church in the township. Some eight or nine 
 buildings for worship have within sixty years been 
 erected within the bounds of the original Blooming- 
 Grove [jarish. This town is to a marked degree both 
 moral and religious. The strong character of its 
 early settlei's, their reverence for Christian institu- 
 tions, their practical piety, their belief in faith and 
 works, have left an abiding influence for good upon 
 their children and successors. 
 
 "The first house for worship in Blooming-Grove 
 was built in 1759 by immigrants chiefly from Suffislk 
 Co., L. I.," who, on their arrival here, organized them- 
 selves into a religious congregation, calling the Rev, 
 Enos Ayres to be their pastor. He ministered to the 
 people in holy things until his death in 1762. 
 
 In 1764 the parish called as his successor the Rev. 
 Abner Reeve, father of the celebrated Judge Reeve 
 who founded the law school at Litchfield, Conn. Mr. 
 Reeve served the people some four years, when resign- 
 ing, the Rev. Amaziah Lewis supplied the pulpit for 
 twelve months. Then, as supplies, we find that the 
 Rev. Mr. Case, Mr. Greene, and Rev. Silas Constant 
 occupied the pulpit for several years. 
 
 In 1768 the Rev. Samuel Parkhurst came to preach 
 for the people, sickened and died, and was buried by 
 the side of the first pastor, their graves being to this 
 day underneath the church edifice, as is also the mor- 
 tal remains of Rev. Benoni Bradner, who became 
 pastor in June, 1786, and died 1804, in the seventy- 
 first year of his age. 
 
 The Rev. Joel T. Benedict preached a short time, 
 and was succeeded by Rev. Noah Crane, who was 
 pastor until 1811. In November of this year Rev. 
 William Rafferty was called to occupy the pulpit. 
 Mr. Rafferty was pastor until 1815, when he resigned, 
 having been elected president of St. John's College, 
 Annapolis, Md. In 1830, being on a visit to Bloom- 
 ing-Grove, he suddenly died, and was buried near the 
 church, in the family cemetery now the property of 
 Mr. B. C. Sears. 
 
 The Rev. Luther Halsey, Jr., was called to the 
 pastorate of the church in 1815, and remained until 
 1824. During his ministry there occurred in the 
 parish great revivals of religion. As the fruits of one 
 of these spiritual awakenings, more than a hundred 
 members were added to the church. Dr. Halsey left 
 Blooming-Grove to accept a professorship in Nassau 
 Hall. Subsequently he became professor of theology 
 at Allegheny Seminary, and also during his long life 
 he was a teacher in Auburn and in Union Theological 
 Seminaries. He died at Pittsburg, Pa., Nov. 2, 1880, 
 being nearly eighty-seven years of age. In 1823, 
 during Mr. Halsey's pastorate, the church edifice that 
 had served the congregation for more than sixty years 
 was replaced by the present large, plain, substantial 
 I building. 
 ' The Rev. James Arbuckle, pastor of the Eighth 
 
638 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Presbyterian Church of Pliiladelphia, was called to 
 the vacant pulpit, and entered upon his labors here in 
 October, 1824. By his rare ability as a preacher, his 
 .sterling qualities as a man, and his fearless search 
 after truth, Mr. Arbuckle soon took a strong hold upon 
 the community. He wielded a wide influence, serving 
 the people as a most popular and acceptable religious 
 teacher until his sudden death in July, 1847. During 
 the ministry of Mr. Arbuckle the society purchased 
 about six acres of land adjoining the church lot, upon 
 which, in 1838, suital)le buildings were erected, thus 
 furnishing a convenient and pleasant home for the 
 pastor. It wa.s also during the ministry of Mr. Ar- 
 buckle that the church which had been nominalhj 
 Presbyterian became Independent. Indeed, there is 
 little room to doubt, from its records and traditions, 
 that this society, notwithstanding its corporate name, 
 had always been strictly Congregational in all its re- 
 ligious and temporal aflairs ; " never having formally 
 connected itself with any Presbytery, or witli any 
 other ecclesia-stical body." But from various causes 
 the church now ceased to be even nominally Presby- 
 terian ; and openly, boldly assumed a position of in- 
 dependence, that, though now quite common, being 
 held b}' some of our most widely-known churches and 
 ministers, was then almost witliout precedent. 
 
 It should be added that when the society became 
 incorporated in 1806, under the law of 1801, the cor- 
 porate name was " The First Presbyterian Congrega- 
 tion of Blooming-Grove." Under this title its records 
 were kept, and its property was held until November, 
 1870, when the congregation unanimously voted to 
 change this, so that name and polity might corres- 
 pond ; and also voted that the name should be here- 
 after " The Congregational Church of Blooming- 
 Grove." 
 
 In 1847 the church called Rev. Ebenezer Mason, 
 youngest son of the celebrated John Mitchell Mason, 
 D.D., of New York. Mr. Mason, after editing his 
 father's works, had been preaching in Paris, and he 
 hesitated for a time between this rural, quiet field of 
 labor, and returning to mission work in that great 
 social metropolis. He decided in favor of the country 
 parish. But his labors soon ended — all too soon as it 
 would seem to us, for after serving the people for one 
 year he died and was gathered to his fathers. 
 
 For some time after the death of Mr. Mason the 
 church depended upon supplies. But in April, 1851, 
 the congregation called Rev. Austin Craig, of Pea- 
 pack, N. J. Mr. Craig was a young man of rare gifts 
 and powers, of studious habits, and most loving and 
 reverent spirit. He served the parisli with its entire 
 approbation for fourteen years, when he resigned to 
 accept the presidency of Antioch College, Ohio. It 
 is a little remarkable that so many of the pastors of 
 Blooming-Grove have been called from its pulpit to 
 occupy important positions in institutions of learn- 
 ing, and have filled these stations so usefully and 
 honorably. Dr. Craig is now president of a theo- 
 
 logical or Biblical school in Stanfordville, Duchess 
 Co., N. Y. 
 
 In April, 1866, the Rev. Warren Hathaway entered 
 upon his labors, which have been continued until the 
 present time. 
 
 This old church is one of the moral landmarks of 
 the county. Its complete history is to a great extent 
 the history of this town ; and in some respects it is a 
 representative parish, showing the changes and the 
 progress that mark American life and development 
 during the last one hundred and fifty years. 
 
 The Blooming-Grove congregation is independent, 
 yet evangelical, and in cordial sympathy with all 
 neighboring churches ; and is still, as for a hundred 
 years, earnestly laboring for the practical and the 
 vital in the religion of our Lord Jesus Christ. 
 
 The congregation have neither church debt nor 
 church fund. All expenses for maintaining public 
 worship are met by contributions freely and gener- 
 ously made by the people, who are strongly attached 
 to the church of their fatliers, and who feel that the 
 parent church of Blooming-Grove is still their reli- 
 gious home. 
 
 THE PRESliYTEKIAN CHURCH OF BLOOMING-GROVE 
 made a legal organization at the meeting-house, April 
 19, 1806. The trustees chosen were Job Sayre, John 
 Tuthill, John B. Horton, Richard Goldsmith, Nathan 
 H. White, Samuel Strong, Phineas Tuthill, Anselm 
 Helm, and Hezekiah Howell, Jr. 
 
 THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF WASHINGTON- 
 
 VILLE, 
 
 at a meeting held in the academy Aug. 21, 1851, exe- 
 cuted a certificate of incorporation. The proceedings 
 were signed by Henry Belden, moderator, and the 
 trustees chosen were Asahel Coleman, James Curtis, 
 Charles Gregg, DeWitt C. Thompson, and Samuel C. 
 Marvin. By this organization a house of worship 
 was erected at Washingtonville, and afterwards sold 
 to the Methodists. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF WASHINGTON- 
 VILLE 
 
 eflfected a legal organization April 5, 1848. The pro- 
 ceedings were signed by John Jaques, Charles A. 
 Hulse. The trustees chosen were David H. Moffatt, 
 Sr., John Jaques, Charles A. Hulse, Walter Halsey, 
 Edmund S. Howell, James Thorp, Charles S. Pitts. 
 This church was constituted earlier than the above 
 date of incorporation, as shown in the following ac- 
 count, furnished by Orrin C. Jaques, one of the 
 elders of the church : 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Washingtonville 
 was organized Aug. 10, 1841, by a committee of the 
 Hudson Presbytery (New School), consisting of Revs. 
 William Timlow, chairman, Isaac C. Beach, min- 
 ister, and Elders Samuel T. Scott and Moses Saw- 
 yer. At the organization 21 persons became members 
 by letter and one by profession of faith, viz. : David 
 
BLOOMING-GROVE. 
 
 639 
 
 H. MofFatt, Sr., Charles Gregg, James White, Charles 
 A. Hulse, Sarah F. Hulse, Warren Halsey, William 
 H. Rumsey, Obadiah Rumsey, Mrs. Julia Ann Parker, 
 Mrs. Esther Reeve, Miss Ann Reeve, Miss Almira L. 
 Many, ^Mrs. Huldah C. Satterly, Mrs. Lydia Breed, 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Halsey, Miss Abigail Curtis, Mrs. 
 Chloe Howser, Mrs. Rachel Rumsey, Mrs. Louisa 
 Moflatt, Solon Halsey, James Curtis, and William H. 
 Forbes. David H. Moflatt, Sr., Charles Gregg, Charles 
 A. Hulse, and Warren Halsey were elected elders. 
 The last three were ordained by the chairman, D. H. 
 Moffatt having been a ruling elder at the church at 
 Bethlehem, N. Y. All were regularly installed. The 
 Rev. William Timlow i)reached the sermon of the 
 occasion, and Rev. William Beach gave the charge to 
 the church and elders. The Rev. Henry Belden 
 having been engaged in ministerial labor since May 
 1st la.st, preparatory to an organization, was continued 
 as stated supply. In (Jctober, assisted by Rev. Wil- 
 liam Hull, a protracted meeting was held, resulting 
 in an addition of 18 members. At the following com- 
 munion season, November 14th, and during the next 
 year to Nov. 13, 1842, 18 more members were added. 
 At the communion season, Feb. 12,184.3, as the result 
 of a second revival effort, assisted bj' the Rev. Almon 
 Underwood and his elder, Mr. Gregory, 61 persons 
 united by profession and 2 by letter. The fruit of 
 this revival subsequently furnished four elders from 
 one family. The membership at this time numbered 
 121. June 25, 1843, Nathan Strong and John Jaques, 
 Sr., were elected and installed ruling elders. In April, 
 1844, after a service of three years, the Rev. Henry 
 Belden closed liis labors with the church by his 
 request. 
 
 The following November, 1844, supplies having 
 been furnished by the Presbytery of Hudson, the Rev. 
 Phineas Robinson, of the same Presbytery, was called 
 as stated supply. In January, 1847, the membership 
 was 124. At this time 36 members were dismissed to 
 organize a Congregational Church in Washington- 
 ville, under the ministry of Rev. Henry Belden, the 
 house of which was afterwards burned and the society 
 disbanded. The ministerial labors of Rev. P. Robin- 
 son were closed, after a period of three years, in No- 
 vember, 1847, by his retirement. Up to this time the 
 congregation had statedly worshiped in the district 
 academy. In 1847 the present church edifice, size 
 36 by 60 feet, having a tower and bell, was erected at a 
 cost of about .S5250, under a board of seven trustees, 
 viz. : David H. Moffatt, Sr., John Jaques, Sr., Charles 
 A. Hulse, Walter Halsey, Edmund S. Howell, James 
 Thorp, and Charles S. Pitts. The first three named 
 were also the three ruling elders. A building com- 
 mittee of seven was also constituted, — David H. Mof- 
 fatt, Sr., John Jaques, Sr., Charles A. Hulse, James 
 Thorp, John Nicoll, Frederick H. Brewster, and 
 Charles E. Brooks, to which John I. Brooks was after- 
 wards added. Tlie first three named were made a sub- 
 committee. The carpenter and builder was John Mo- 
 
 bray, and the mason James White. The building lot, 
 containing one-half an acre, was presented by Charles 
 E. and F. B. Brooks. The dedication service was held 
 by a committee of the Hudson Presbytery (New 
 School) August, 1848, Rev. Daniel T. Wood giving 
 the sermon. 
 
 In January, 1848, Rev. Luther Halsey, D.D., of the 
 Presbytery of Elizabeth (O. S.), and then Professor of 
 Biblical Hi.story in Union Theological Seminary, New 
 York, became stated supply. June 20, 1854, the trus- 
 tees and congregation purchased a parsonage, with 
 seven acres of land attached, costing $2000, five acres 
 of which were ai)propriated for cemetery purposes. 
 Oct. 5, I860, Dr. Halsey declared the pulpit vacant, 
 and retired from his ministerial charge of nearly eight 
 years. The second division of the congregation, now 
 numbering about 85 communicants, occurred on the 
 question of New and Old School relationship. From 
 this division resulted the organization and building 
 of the present Second Presbyterian church at Wash- 
 ingtonville, for Rev. Dr. Halsey. Church supplies 
 were again furnished by the Hudson Presbytery for 
 the following six months. Feb. 7, 1857, three ruling 
 elders were elected, — Robert Denniston, a former elder 
 of the church at Bethlehem, N. Y., and James Thorp 
 and John Jaques, Jr., from the membership, — and 
 were duly installed. On July 27, 1858, the Rev. Daniel 
 Higbie, of the Rockaway Presbytery, New Jersey, 
 having for a time supplied the pulpit, was called to 
 the pastorate, and was duly installed on August 24th 
 following, sermon by Rev. James Wood, charge to the 
 pastor by Rev. E. R. Fairchild, D.D., to the people 
 by Rev. O. M. Johnson, all of the Presbytery of Hud- 
 son. During this pastorate, in November, 1864, the 
 trustees and congregation purchased about seven acres 
 of land adjoining and additional to the former ceme- 
 tery, costing $2293, the whole now containing about 
 12 acres, and numbering about 334 plots. Oct. 20, 
 1867. the pastoral relation of Rev. D. Higbie, extend- 
 ing over a period of nine years, closed by his decease. 
 The number of communicants was about 60. 
 
 March 13, 1868, the Rev. John V. Griswold, from 
 Union Theological Seminary of New York, was 
 called to the vacant pastorate, and duly ordained and 
 installed July 16tli following by a committee from 
 Hudson Presbytery; sermon by Rev. Thomas Nicolls, 
 charge to the pastor by Rev. George Pierson, to the 
 people by Rev. Augustus Seward, D.D., all of Pres- 
 bytery of Hudson. September 23d following three 
 additional ruling elders were elected from the mem- 
 bership and duly installed, — John C. Warner, Owen C. 
 Jaques, and Augustus Denniston. The third revival 
 took place in the winter of 1868-69, — the pastor was 
 aided by the evangelist. Rev. O. Parker, — resulting in 
 an addition of 37 members. This pastorate continued 
 about three years, and was dissolved in May, 1871, by 
 mutual consent. The whole number of communicants 
 was about 86. 
 
 July 1, 1871, the Rev. James B. Beaumont, of the 
 
640 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Presbytery of Chemung, having been invited to sup- 
 ply the pulpit, was called July 27th to the pastoral 
 office, and November 9th following was duly installed 
 pastor b)' a committee of the United Presbytery of 
 Hudson. The sermon of installation was given by 
 Rev. William D. Snodgrass, D.D., charge to the 
 pastor by Rev. Augustus Seward, D.D., to the people 
 by Rev. George Pierson. In the summer of 1872 the 
 congregation, through their committee, built a new 
 and neat parsonage dwelling — size of main building 
 30 by 30 feet, with extension 24 by 16 feet — at a cost 
 of about $3fi00, adjoining the former one owned by 
 them, and afterwards sold. 
 
 Aug. 30, 1878, three additional ruling elders were 
 elected from the membership, viz. : Hector Moftatt, 
 Charles Jaques, and Charles G. Cooper, and duly 
 ordained and installed. 
 
 At this writing, Nov. 1, 1880, the church is united 
 and prosperous, under'the pastorate of the pa,st nine 
 years. The present number of communicants is 
 119. A flourishing Sabbath-school, with 125 en- 
 rolled members under the care of the Session, with 
 an elder for superintendent, is held through the whole 
 year; gives monthly collections for missions. The 
 stated weekly prayer-meeting is well sustained, also 
 the annual week of prayer service is observed, as 
 recommended by the Evangelical Alliance. 
 
 The eldership consists of five members, — Oren C. 
 Jaques, Augustus Denniston, Hector Moffatt, Charles 
 Jaques, and Charles G. Cooper. The board of nine 
 trustees, divided in three classes, are elected for three 
 years, — Augustus Denniston, Hector Moffatt, Charles 
 G. Cooper, Morris G. Conklin, David Belknap, Frank- 
 lin Mulliner, William R. Brooks, James B. Howell, 
 and Charles M. Hulse. The congregation owns a 
 good church edifice and parsonage property com- 
 bined, worth $10,000 free from indebtedness ; it also 
 own the Washingtonville Cemetery, incorporated, and 
 under control of the board of trustees. A collection for 
 missions is taken on the first Sabbath of each month, 
 aggregating the last year $353, and divided pro rata 
 among the eight mission boards, as recommended by 
 the General Assembly. The ladies of the congrega- 
 tion have sustained a missionary society for the last 
 eleven years. 
 
 Of the original members there are three living, — 
 Charles A. Hulse, Sarah F. Hulse, and Alraira L. 
 (Many) Reed ; of the board of trustees two, — C. A. 
 Hulse and E. S. Howell ; of the building committee 
 one. 
 
 THE AVASHINGTONVILLE OLD-SCHOOL PRESBYTE- 
 RIAN CHURCH, 
 
 now known as "The Second Presbyterian Church," 
 was incorporated Feb. 15, 1858. The certificate was 
 signed by John Wise and Alexander McCann. The 
 trustees named therein were John Nicoll, Charles H. 
 Thompson, Elliot Strong, Edmund S. Howell, Joshua 
 R. Smith, Henry L. Genung, Albert Denniston. The 
 
 church had been constituted during the previous year, 
 1857, Rev. Luther Halsey acting as pastor. The house 
 of worship was built in 1858. Its dimensions are 50 
 by 36. It has a vestibule, a tower, and a bell, the 
 whole costing about $3500. 
 
 A parsonage was built in 1871 at a cost of $500n. 
 Ministers: Rev. Luther Halsey, 1857-63; Rev. Ar- 
 thur Harlow, 1863-71; Rev. B. G. Benedict, 1872-75; 
 Rev. N. W. Sherwood, 1875 to the present time. The 
 elders at the organization were John Wise, Dr. Mar- 
 cus Sears, Alexander McCann, Elliot Strong, John 
 Smith, Edmund S. Howell. The Sunday-school num- 
 bers 98; communicants, 118. The present elders are 
 Edmund S. Howell, Benjamin C. Sears, Henry L. 
 Genung, J. Wilson Brown. 
 
 THE OXFORD METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 effected a legal organization April 8, 18.35. The pro- 
 ceedings were signed by Hiram Tuthill and Benjamin 
 T. Tuthill. The trustees chosen were David Bull, Hi- 
 ram Tuthill, Benjamin T. Tuthill, David Smith, and 
 William Sikerly. A house of worship was built about 
 that time a mile south of what is now Oxford Station. 
 Meetings were held for some years, but the enterprise 
 was abandoned. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH AT GRAN- 
 VILLE 
 
 made a legal organization at their regular place of 
 worship Feb. 26, 1838. The proceedings were signed 
 by Rev. Seymour Landon, pastor, and the trustees 
 chosen were Nathaniel Clark, Townsend Mapes, 
 Wines Mapes, Samuel Cooley, James Hawley. We 
 have no account of this organization. If it is cor- 
 rectly placed in this chapter, it relates to some one of 
 the numerous neighborhood organizations made by 
 the Methodist Church, and whose work in later years 
 was concentrated at the larger villages. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF CRAIG- 
 VILLE 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Nov. 14, 1849. 
 The proceedings were signed by A. C. Fields and 
 Hiram Tuthill. The trustees chosen were James P. 
 Howell, James W. Wyatt, Hiram Tuthill, Samuel 
 Cooley, Peter B. Taylor, Wm. Montgomery, Nathan 
 H. Strong. This society built a house of worship. 
 Considerable Methodist work was done in this neigh- 
 borhood in early tiir\es. In the abandonment of the 
 factories and the scattering of the population which 
 was once gathered there the society diminished in 
 numbers. No regular society exists there at the 
 present time. The effort was continued some years, 
 an<l it appears that the society executed another cer- 
 tificate Dec. 7, 1857. It was signed by Valentine 
 Seaman and William H. Hughes. The trustees 
 chosen were Valentine Seaman, William H. Hughes, 
 Lucas L. Shaffer, James P. Howell, Wm. Oldfield. 
 The society was virtually united with Chester in 1879. 
 Valentine Seaman was the last class-leader at this 
 
BLOOMING-GROVE. 
 
 641 
 
 point. Jlethodist work thus ceased at a point where 
 they had kindled their altar-fires sixty j'ears ago. 
 (See Methodist Church of Goshen.) 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF SALIS- 
 BURY MILLS 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Feb. 24, 1854. 
 The proceedings were signed by Isaac K. Oakley and 
 Andrew C. Fields. The trustees chosen were .Tames 
 S. Shapter, Isaac K. Oakley, Kichard Caldwell, Peter 
 D. Calyer, and Wm. H. Taylor. This is connected 
 with the Washingtonville Methodist Church under 
 the same pastor, Kev. Pascal P. Harrower. The fol- 
 lowing article is furnished by the pastor: 
 
 " It was long felt I>y tlie inhabitants of the village of Salisbury Mills 
 that a moie convenient place of woreliip should be provided than the one 
 that h.id been used, and at different times it was proposed to build a nioie 
 suitable place of worship, and some action was taken to carry it into 
 eflect at different periods, but the respoTisibility of the undertaking was 
 declined when it was offered. After eighteen years or more after the 
 first drawings and subscriptions were presented by one of the oldest 
 inhabitants of the village, John Caldwell, Esq., the Rev. Audrus Field, 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church of the New Windsor Circuit, called a 
 meeting to form a society in the village, Jan. 26, 1854, when a church 
 was organized by the following members : Isaac K. Oakley, Christina 
 Oakley, Peter D. Calyer, Jane Calyer, Wm. H.Taylor, and Sarah Taylor, 
 when steps were taken to organize and incorporate the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Cburcli of Salisbury Mills, after which the present edifice was 
 erected and dedicated, March 20, 1S55 to the worship of Almighty God 
 by the Rev. Dr. Wakeley, of the Newburgh district. Since then services 
 have been regnlarly held. The charge has sometimes been in connection 
 witli that of Vail's Gate, sometimes with that of Mountainviile, aDd at 
 present with the charge at Washiugtouville. 
 
 '* The present officers are : Pastor, Rev. Pascal P. Harrower ; Trustees, 
 Isaac K. Oakley, W. Taylor, A. W. Taylor, Johu F. Clanser, and Eugene 
 Smith ; Stewards, A. W. Taylor, John F. Clauser, and Eugene Smith ; 
 Sunday-school Superintendent, A.W.Taylor; communicants, — ; Sun- 
 day-school attendance, 48. 
 
 "There is a fair library for the use of the school." 
 
 THE 
 
 BLOOMING-GROVE METHODIST EPISCOPAL 
 CHURCH 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Dec. 3, 1855. 
 The proceedings were signed by .Teremiah Millard 
 and Jesse T. Hotchkiss. The trustees chosen were 
 Henry Still, Lemuel Pembleton, Thomas Cloyd, 
 Henry F. Breed, and Dr. Jesse T. Hotchkiss. This 
 is the Washingtonville Church. Rev. Pascal Har- 
 rower is the present pastor, preaching for both this 
 church and the one at Salisbury Mills. The following 
 article is furnished by the pastor : 
 
 "The church edifice was built originally by a Congregational society, 
 un<Ier the pastorate of Wm. Belden. He had a great revival, from which 
 there went to the Presbyterian and Methodist Episcopal societies a large 
 number of converts. Owing to the anti-slavery excitement and other 
 causes Mr. Belden left, and was succeeded for a short time by Mr. Hem- 
 ming, a Wesleyan Methodist of England. He was lost by shipwreck on 
 a visit to England. After his death the church was closed until pur- 
 chased, in January, 1855, by the Methodists, wlh) had worshiped for 
 yeaiT* in the school-house. 
 
 " The fil'st pastor was Jeremiah Millard, who superintended the pur- 
 chase of the property. He was followed by D. B. Turner, under whom, 
 in the winter of 185IJ-57, a large revival occurred. The circuit included 
 Monroe, O.xford, Craigville, Highland Dlills, and Washingtonville. 
 
 "Among tlie first members of the society in the new church were 
 Esther B. Howell, Henry Still, William L. Miller, Lucy Miller, Daniel 
 Giles, Hannah Giles, Lemuel Pembleton, Mary Pembleton, Thomaa Cloyd, 
 William Cloyd, Benj. Stevens, Peter Bernier, Louisa Mix. 
 
 " The Rev. Nathan Rice, a retired clergyman, with his wife and fam- 
 
 ily, moved into AVasbingtonville the year before the purchase of the 
 church, and after his death the daughter established a school, which was 
 successful for many years. 
 
 " The original trustees were Henry Still, Lemuel Pembleton, Thomaa 
 Cloyd, Henry F. Breed, Jesse T. Hotchkiss. 
 
 "In 18G7, under -Mr. Hand, Washingtonville and Craigville were united 
 in a separate circuit. Before the expiration of the Conference year Mr. 
 Hand died, and B. N. Lewis followed him as pastor in charge. 
 
 " After this Washingtonville was a separate charge with resident pas- 
 toi-s, among whom were D. B. Turner. David Heroy, R. L. Shorter, Joel 
 Craft, J. T. Hargrave. In 1878, under Wm. Golden, Salisbury Mills 
 was taken from the old New Windsor Cij-cuit and united with Wiishing- 
 tonville. He was succeeded in 1880 by Piiscal P. Harrower. 
 
 " The present officers are : Trustees. Springsted Owen, Robert Wright,* 
 W. B. Westervelt, Wm. Smith, John Brooks; Stewards, R. L. Talbot, 
 H.Nelson Green, Marvin Denniston. Number of communicants, 70 ; 
 Sunday-school, 75; Sunday-school Superintendent, R. L. Talbot." 
 
 THE SATTERLY-TOAVN METHODIST EPISCOPAL 
 CHURCH 
 effected a legal organization Dec. 4, 1855. The pro- 
 ceedings were signed by Nathan Strong and Jeremiah 
 Millard. The trustees chosen were Xathan Strong, 
 Nathaniel Clark, John Campbell, Isaac Still, Franklin 
 Bull. This society built a house of worship, and ser- 
 vices were held for some years, but the appointment 
 was afterwards discontinued. 
 
 ^ FRIENDS' MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
 This is situated in the extreme south corner of the 
 town, near the Monroe line, and in school district 
 No. 7. For interesting items of Friends' meetings 
 in this county see General History, also chapters 
 upon Cornwall. 
 
 VIII.— BURIAL-PLACES. 
 
 Gray Court Cemetery not only has an old name, 
 but is an old burial-place. It is mentioned in the ar- 
 ticle upon Chester, but it is within the limits of 
 Blooming-Grove. Northeast of Craigville is a cem- 
 etery near the Mrs. Heard place. North from the 
 old Blooming-Grove church, in the Stewart neighbor- 
 hood, is a burial-place. At Washingtonville is a 
 large modern cemetery, placed under good manage- 
 ment. There are also various other burial-places in 
 the town. Little historical data can, however, be 
 gleaned from them, as burials in the early years were 
 so seldom designated by stones with inscriptions. 
 
 IX.— TOWIXr SOCIETIES, LIBKABIES, INCOH- 
 POEATIONS, Etc. 
 
 THE FARMERS' CREAMERY ASSOCIATION OP 
 BLOOMING-GROVE 
 
 was organized about five years since. The present 
 board of trustees, January, 1881, consists of Hon. 
 Augustus Denniston, i)resident and treasurer; Morris 
 C. Tuthill, secretary ; Daniel R. Hudson, general 
 superintendent; W. H. Hallock, S. L. Moftatt, R. 
 A. Goldsmith, Thomas W. Brooks. 
 
 Those who are either Masons or Odd-Fellows in 
 Blooming-Grove belong to lodges at Chester or New- 
 burgh. Several temperance organizations have from 
 
 * Preiident of the board; died October, 1880. 
 
642 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 time to time contributed their efforts to develop a 
 healthy ]iublic sentiment on this question. In con- 
 nection with the churches are also the usual mission- 
 ary or charitable associations.* 
 
 THE LIBRARY SOCIETY OF BLOOMIXG-GROVE 
 effected a legal organization Jan. 16, 1806. Tlie trus- 
 tees named in the certificate were Noah Crane, Heze- 
 kiah Howell, Jr., Nathan H. White, Daniel Brewster, 
 Job Sayre, Samuel Strong, Jr., and Phineas Tuthill. 
 The paper was verified by Daniel Steward before 
 Judge John Leonard, January 2-5th. This is one of 
 those early efforts made in different parts of the county 
 to provide good reading. Tlie books selected for those 
 early libraries were usually works of a solid historical 
 character, instead of the innumerable "stories" which 
 in these modern times are so popular. 
 
 THE SALISBURY MILLS MANUFACTURING COMPANY 
 
 of Blooming-Grove executed a certificate of incorpora- 
 tion April 12, 18(57. The object stated was to manu- 
 facture and sell writing-paper and other materials con- 
 nected therewith. The capital invested was $250,000, 
 divided into 500 shares. The trustees named in 
 the certificate were Francis B. O'Connor, Edward C. 
 Brooks, Cliarles A. Coe, Charles H. O'Connor, Charles 
 W. Bangs. This certificate, from the records in the 
 office of the county clerk, shows the names and the 
 date connected with the founding of the paper-mill, 
 mentioned elsewhere. 
 
 X.-PLACES OP HISTOBIC INTEREST OR OF 
 SPECIAL NOTE. 
 
 TOWN-MEETINGS OF THE PERIOD 176.i TO 1797 
 were at the house of John Brewster, Sr., and John 
 Brewster, Jr., and the records were kept by them 
 during that long period. The site of John Brewster's 
 house may therefore with great propriety be con- 
 sidered a place of considerable interest. At that 
 place there must liave been earnest discussions in 
 those town-meetings of the Revolution. If there 
 were not long speeches there were many " talks," 
 short, sharp, and decisive. 
 
 Committees of Safety were appointed there. The 
 machinery of local government was steadily kept in 
 running order at Jolm Brewster's, despite the fact that 
 national allegiance was becoming an uncertain affair. 
 Constables elected at John Brewster's, executed writs 
 with but little authority for a time save the voice of 
 the people of Cornwall assembled in annual town- 
 meeting at John Brewster's. So strong and steady is 
 tlie American system of local government by towns 
 that the records of the Cornwall meetings show no 
 trace of passing under three difterent forms of national 
 government, — the colonial, the Confederation, the 
 Constitution. 
 
 * Washington Lodge, No. 220, F. & A. M., was located here in 1813. 
 (Ante, p. 140.) 
 
 WIGWAM OF MARJNGAMUS. 
 Of the location of this important landmark Mr. 
 George W. Tuthill, of Blooming-drove, wrote, June 
 29, 1858, as follows : 
 
 "The Olterkill stream, after passing tlie eastern line of Mompesson's 
 Patent at the village of Washingtonvillc. assumes the name of or is 
 called Murderer's Creek. On the northwesterly bank of said creek, 
 about half a mile below Washingtonville, stands the dwelling-house of 
 Henry Page (a colored man), said to be the Bite of Maringamus' wigwam. 
 Tlie southwesterly corner of the Kip Van Dam Pajent is in a southwest- 
 erly direction from said Page's house, and the beginning of said patent 
 is described as being on a certain coui-se and at a certain distance from 
 Maringamus' wigwam. The corner of tlie Van Dam Patent has never 
 been in dispute, and I have never had occasion to iiscertain whether the 
 reputed location of Maringamus' wigwam will correspond with the de- 
 scription, but suppose it to be true. Henry Page bought of John I. 
 Brooks, and the whole was formerly owned by Vincent Matthews. No 
 patent ever cornered at the Maringamus wigwam. It was on the patent 
 of 3000 acres granted to Rip Van Dam." 
 
 The writer of the above was for a long time a prac- 
 tical surveyor in the town of Blooming-Grove, and 
 his conclasions may be regarded as of unquestioned 
 authority. At the present time (January, 1881) 
 Henry Page still resides at the same point, and the 
 matter is susceptible of easy inve.stigation by means 
 of Mr. Tuthill's letter and the statements already 
 made respecting the patents of Blooming-Grove. 
 
 There is but little account of this Indian chief. He 
 was, however, one of the original grantors of this ter- 
 ritory to the whites. He lived, it appears, on the 
 rich alluvial plain around the bend of the Otterkill. 
 Maringamus Castle is to be distinguished from his 
 wigwam. His castle was on the northern extremity 
 of the Schunemunk Mountains, and near the present 
 boundary line between Cornwall and Blooming- 
 Grove. From that elevated position he could over- 
 look the valley where his wigwam was built, the 
 Cloves south and southwest, the Highlands near the 
 river, and all the surrounding country. In times of 
 peace he lived beside the winding stream ; in times 
 of war he could gather with his braves on the fortified 
 mountain-height and bid defiance to his enemies.t 
 
 XI.-INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. 
 This town having valuable water-power within its 
 limits, several manufacturing establishments have 
 existed from time to time, and several are yet in oper- 
 ation, as already mentioned in connection with the 
 villages. Two or three not in the villages may still be 
 added. Nathaniel Woodhull had a creamery for 
 many years, and it is still carried on by his widow. 
 He was a noted milk-dealer, and transacted a large 
 business. William Jackson has a mill on the creek 
 sometimes called Satterly's. The latter name arises 
 not from the Satterly mills, which are on another 
 stream, but from an early Satterly homestead near 
 the Jackson mill. The mill was originally the Cole- 
 man property, and the neighborhood was known as 
 Colemantown. L. M. Wilcox has a saw-mill and a 
 grist-mill half a mile below Craigville. Blooming- 
 
 t Ante, p. 34, 
 
t 
 
 '"•■=< fo.,"«,„,u,; S: 
 
 C-, 
 
 -^l^, 
 
 i 
 
BLOOMING-GROVE. 
 
 643 
 
 Grove has many excellent farms. The direct ship- 
 ment of milk has changed the style of farming very 
 much in late years. Farmers have the opportunity 
 of shipment at Salisbury, Washingtonville, Craigville, 
 and at the milk-station between the last two. 
 
 XII.-MILITARY. 
 
 The chapters of the General History will be found 
 very complete upon early military matters in this sec- 
 tion, and reference is made to them ibr the names of 
 officers and men serving in the war of the Revolution 
 liom this town, and for intere.sting incidents relating 
 to that struggle. 
 
 OFFICIAL ACTION, WAR OF 1861-05. 
 
 At a special meeting duly called to consider the 
 i|uestion of paying bounties to soldiers, and hold Aug. 
 t), 18fi4, it was presided over by two justices of the 
 peace, and in the absence of the town clerk, Henry 
 S. Brewster was chosen clerk pro tern. The Committee 
 on Resolutions consisted of Robert Denniston, Dr. 
 Marcus Sears, Jesse Bull, F. W. Stewart, Jesse Wood- 
 hull. The resolutions reported were adopted unani- 
 mously. They provided for raising the sura of 
 $30,500. The bounty to each volunteer was fixed at 
 $500 for three years' men, the sum of $50 in addition 
 to be paid to any person securing a recruit. The 
 town board was appointed a committee and placed in 
 full charge, with ample authority to carry out the 
 objects of the meeting. At another special meeting 
 held September 2d of the same year an additional 
 sum of $10,000 was authorized to be raised, and the 
 bounty was increased to $850, and allowed to men 
 enlisting for one year. 
 
 John Black, Co. C, ITeth; enl. Sept. 15, 1862. 
 
 Cornelius Brewster, Co. C, 17Gth ; enl. Oct. 21, 1862. 
 
 Win. II. Benjuniin, sergt., Co. G, 124tli-, enl. Aug. 4, 1S62; pro.2d Hent.; 
 
 trans, to Co. E ; wounded June 16, 1864, slight. 
 Walter Barton, Co. G, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; killed at Gettyslmrg, 
 
 July 2, 1863. 
 Grant B. Benjamin, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1KI12; killed on picket 
 
 duty Oct. 7, 1864, 
 Peter F. Bernier, Co. G, 124th ; e[il. Aug. 12, 1862 ; trans, to V. It. G. 
 
 July :«), 18l>:i. 
 Henry Brooks, Co. G, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 John J. Bradley, Co. C, 6Gth ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 Wm. H. Biafflt, Co. C, .IBth ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 John C<dden, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Oct. 10, 1862. 
 Janiea Coleman, Co. C, 17Gth ; enl. Oct. 18, 1862. 
 Wm. K. CannoEi, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; wounded at Clnincel- 
 
 lorsville ; trans, to V. R. C. 
 Jlichael Crouin, Co. M, 16tli Art; enl. Jan. 18, 1801. 
 Thomas I.ovett, Co. G, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; killed at Gettysburg, 
 
 July 2, 1863. 
 Abraham Denny, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 5, 1802. 
 Il.-nry Dill, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1802. 
 James 0. Denniston, 1st lient, Co. G, 124th; enl. August, 1862; twice 
 
 wouniied at Gettysburg; must, out Oct. 7, 1863. 
 Wm. D. Dawkiiis, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. l.'l, 1862; missing at Gettysburg. 
 Isaac Decker, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg ; 
 
 die<l in hospital, Aug. 7, 1864, of typhoid fever. 
 Lemuel Eokerly, Co. C, 66th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1861. 
 Ephraiui Kakerly, Co. C, 66th; enl. Aug, 16, 1861. 
 Klijah Fenton, (,'o. G, 124th ; eul. Aug. Ill, 1862 ; disch. April 20, 1863. 
 William Fosburgh, Co. G, 124tb ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; wounded at Cban- 
 
 cellorsville; trans, to 03d. 
 
 Robert Fairchild, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862 ; disch. for disability 
 Sept. 3, 1863. 
 
 Cyrenus Giles, Co. G, 124th ; eul. Aug. 4, 1862. 
 
 William llawkshurst, Co. G, 124th; onl. Aug. 12, 1862; killed at Chan- 
 cellorsville. 
 
 Peter Higgins, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862: killed at Chancellors- 
 ville. 
 
 Cornelius Hughes, Co. G, 124th : onl. Aug. 11, 1862; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg. 
 
 Eli Hughes, Co. G, 124th ; eul. Aug. 11, 1862 ; killed at Chancellorsyille. 
 
 David Lowers, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862; iliscli. for disability re- 
 sulting from wounds received at Beverly Ford. 
 
 James L. Morrison, Co. C, 170tli ; enl. Oct. 7, 1802. 
 
 Thomas Murphy, Co. C, 170th ; enl. Oct. 13, 1862. 
 
 James M. Mapes, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Oct. 17, 1862. 
 
 Andrew H. Merritt, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug, 22, 1862 ; must, out with regt. 
 
 Francis E. Merritt, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug, 22, 1862 ; disch, for disability 
 Dec. 10, 1862, 
 
 Joseph Miller, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1802; wounded at Chancellors- 
 ville ; disch. March 20, 1804. 
 
 Owen Miller, Co. O, 124th ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862; taken prisoner in action 
 at Beverly Ford, and never returned to regiment. 
 
 JohTi Munhall, Co. G, 121th ; enl. Aug. 11. 1S62, 
 
 Chauncey W, .Merritt, Co. G, 124th; eul. Aug. 22, 1862; disch, for dis- 
 ability March 8, 1863. 
 
 John M. Merritt, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 22, 1S62; disch. for disability 
 Jan. 31, 1863. 
 
 William L. Miller, Co, G ; enl. Aug. 28, 1802 ; disch, Aug, 30, 1863, 
 
 Isaac NicoU, capt., Co, G, 124tb ; enl. 1802; killed at Gettysburg, July 
 2, 1863. 
 
 Albert W. Parker, Co. G, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1802. 
 
 Isaac W. Parker, Co. G, 124tb ; enl. Aug. 11, 1802; missing at Auburn 
 Hill, Oct. 12, 1863; died in Andeisonville prison July 3, 1864, grave 
 No, 2814, 
 
 Gilbert Peet, Co, G, 124th ; enl, Aug, 12, 1812; wounded at Gettysburg; 
 trans, to V, U, C, 
 
 John Koe, Co. C, 176th ; enl, Oct. 15, 1802. 
 
 Abraham Kapalye, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. ij, 1802; disch. April 10, 1864. 
 
 Daniel liider, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug, 6, 1862 ; wounded at Jones' Cross- 
 road ; trans, to V. R, C. 
 
 Jomes B.)ak, Co. G, 124th; eul. Aug. 13, 1862; killed at Gettysburg. 
 
 James Smith, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Oct. 17, 1862. 
 
 James Sullivan, Co. G, 124tb ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862. 
 
 Lewis T.Sbultz, Co. G, 124th; enl. Aug. 4, 1862; wounded May 12, 1864. 
 and Aug, 10, 1864; pro. 2d lieut., March 1,'65; must, out June 3, '05, 
 
 John H, Tuthill, Jr,, Co, C, 17Cth ; enl, Oct, 6, 1.H62, 
 
 Martin Tliorne, Co, C, 176th ; eul, Oct, 23, 1862, 
 
 Alexander Trainer, Co, G, 124th; eul. Aug, 0,1862; wounded at Chancel- 
 lorsville; trans, to V, R, C. 
 
 John Trainer, Co, G, 124th ; enl, Aug. 12, 1862 ; wouri.led in arm May 6, 
 1864. 
 
 Win. H. Trainer, Co. G, 124th; enl. Aug. 11,1862; wounded May .5,1864.* 
 
 Patrick Toohey, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; wounded at Chancel- 
 lorsville ; disch. Dec, 26, 1803, 
 
 John J, Taylor, Co, G, 124th; enl, Aug. 4, 1862; wounded at Jones' Cross- 
 roads, Nov. 27, 1863; wounded in leg, severe, Aug. 5, 1864. 
 
 Andrew J, Van Zile, Co, G, 124th; enl, Aug, 11, 1802; detached as 
 Btretclier-liearer for Ambulance Corps, 
 
 Charles H, Van Gordon, musician, Co, G, 124th ; enl, Aug, 10,1862; must, 
 out with regiment, 
 
 Andrew J, Weeks, Co, G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 
 Charles H. Wright, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; trans, to V. R. C, 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 I.SAAC K. OAKLEY, 
 
 John Oakley, the jiatcrnal ancestor of Isaac K, ( )ak- 
 
 ley, came from England, settled as a fanner in Suftblk 
 
 Co., L. I., when it was under the Dutch rule, and 
 
 continued his residence there until his death. His 
 
 * The three Trainers are credited on roll to Cornwall, 
 
644 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 name is recorded in the " History of Long Island" as 
 acting, with others, on March 24, 1702, in defending 
 the Quakers from persecution, and later, in opjiosing 
 the same persecution, in defiance of the threats of the 
 ruling officers of the government. He married into a 
 Knickerbocker family of Brooklyn, and became the 
 father of a numerous family. Some of his children 
 settled in Huntington, L. I., others in New York, 
 Richmond, Duchess, and Orange Cos., N. Y. Many 
 of the present families of Suffolk County can trace 
 their ancestry back to John Oakley. 
 
 Among his grandchildren was Samuel, of whom it 
 is recorded that during the Revolutionary war he was 
 pressed into the British service, with his team and 
 cattle, and robbed of the products of his farm, leav- 
 ing his family in e.xtreme poverty and want. He mar- 
 ried Sally Wood, of Huntington, by whom he had 
 four sons, — Richard, Timothy, Jacob, and Solomon — 
 and four daughters. 
 
 Timothy, the second son, and the father of the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, was born in Huntington, Jan. 28, 
 1772. He first married Polly Brush, daughter of 
 Zophar Brush, of Huntington. After her death he 
 married Sally, daughter of Isaac Ketcham, also of 
 Huntington. She died at Salisbury Mills, N. Y., 
 April 10, 1833. Later, he again married, selecting 
 for the third time a wife in Huntington, — Prudence 
 Mather. Her decease occurred in 1864. His chil- 
 dren were Zophar B., merchant, of Huntington ; Sam- 
 uel, merchant, of New York; Lewis, physician, of 
 Owego, N. Y. ; Isaac K. ; Timothy, merchant, of St. 
 Louis, Mo. ; Jesse, manufacturer, of New York ; Mary, 
 who married Reuben Van Alen, of Chatham, Colum- 
 bia Co., N. Y. ; and Sally W., who married Dr. John 
 Vanderpoel, of Kinderhook, N. Y. 
 
 Timothy Oakley moved to New Windsor, Orange 
 Co., in 1795, and engaged in mercantile pursuits. 
 While there he purchased a farm, mill, and store at 
 New Vernon, on the Shawangunk Kill. In 1801 he 
 disposed of his business interests in Orange County, 
 and in 1802 removed to Chatham, Columbia County, 
 N. Y., where he purchased a farm and established a 
 mercantile business. In 1813, in company with a 
 young man from England, he erected at Kinderhook 
 one of the earliest cotton-mills built in the State. As 
 anticiiiated, they met with and had to overcome the 
 usual difficulties connected with a new enterprise. As 
 a business undertaking it succeeded, and demonstrated 
 the utility of American cotton-cloth manufactures. 
 This success influenced others to build more extensive 
 mills throughout the county, aud helped to educate 
 the American people in that practical knowledge so 
 essential to national prosperity. He continued the 
 business of manufacturing for some years, and then, 
 disposing of it, gave his whole attention to agricul- 
 ture, both theoretical and practical. In 1823 he pur- 
 chased the mills at Salisbury Mills, and formed a part- 
 nersliip with his two sons, Samuel and Isaac K., and 
 carried on a mercantile and milling business. 
 
 After some years Samuel returned to New York 
 City, where he became a partner in an extensive busi- 
 ness ; Isaac K. engaged in the tanning business at 
 Highland Mills, but later purchased the Salisbury 
 Mills property ; and Timothy, the fatlier, retired 
 from active business, making his residence at Corn- 
 wall-on-the-Hudson, where he died Dec. 26, 1844. 
 
 Timothy Oakley was supervisor of the town in 
 which he lived for thirteen consecutive years; a. 
 member of the Assembly at the beginning of the war 
 of 1812 ; a firm friend of internal improvements, and 
 the warm friend of the Eric Canal in the early dis- 
 cussions of that measure; a man of recognized integ- 
 rity and good executive ability ; notably jiersistent in 
 working out the success of his plans ; and by jiro- 
 fession and practice a Christian. Prudence and fit- 
 ness were leading traits in his character. His own 
 experience and knowledge of political life led him 
 to regard it with disfavor, and to express a wish to 
 his sons that they would not enter it. 
 
 Isaac K. Oakley was born in Chatham, Columbia 
 Co., N. Y., May 27, 1802. He attended school at 
 Chatham, Kinderhook, and Farmers' Hall Academy, 
 at Goshen, this county. At the age of seventeen 
 years, having a desire for a business rather than an 
 agricultural life, he went to Nassau, Rensselaer Co., 
 where he learned the leather and tanning trade. 
 He was afterwards associated with his father and 
 brother, as heretofore stated, in mercantile and mill- 
 ing business. He remained there two years, and then 
 built a tannery at Highland Mills, which he carried 
 on successfully. After the death of his mother, in 
 1833, he purchased the Salisbury Mills property of 
 his father, and continued the business at that place. 
 In 1834 he built a flouring- and plaster-mill at 
 Salisbury Mills, and soon after a paper-mill. In 1835 
 he disposed of the tannery at Higliland !Mills to 
 Joshua T. Cromwell. In 1853, to extend his pajier 
 business, he built the paper-mill on the Quassaick 
 Creek, operated it until 1866, and then sold it to 
 Prince & Adams. He also sold the Salisbury Mills 
 property the same year, excepting the farming lands 
 or homestead portion, which he retained for his future 
 residence. In 1872 he became a special partner with 
 his brother Jesse in the Oakley Soap- Works at New- 
 burgh. He was chosen a director of the Quassaick 
 Bank, of Newburgh, in 1854, has ever since been 
 officially connected with that institution, and since 
 1876 has been its president. 
 
 He married Christina, daughter of Lucas I. and 
 Maria (Pruyn) Van Alen, of Kinderhook, on Feb. 1, 
 1827, and their children are Lucas, died in infancy ; 
 Timothy, died young ; Lucas and John, both of whom 
 are now connected with the Oakley Soap- Works at 
 Newburgh ; and Sarah Maria, who died young. His 
 wife Christina died at Salisbury Mills, Fel). 15, 1866, 
 beloved by all who knew her. On the 'Jth of Septem- 
 ber, 1873, he married Sarah E., daughter of Thomas 
 and Catherine (Jones) Oakley, of Minisink. The 
 
^^/-/ ^^^^^.^ijC^ 
 
( 
 
BLOOMING-GROVE. 
 
 f.45 
 
 ])resent Mrs. Oakley Is a granddaughter of John 
 Oakley, who was connected with the American army 
 under Washington at the time of its encampment near 
 Newburgh, and who, after the army was disbanded, 
 married and settled at Minisink. 
 
 Jlr. (jakley has been an active business man for 
 more than half a century, — a period reaching back to 
 a time when the country was more thinly settled, 
 business modes ditierent, communication slow and 
 often difficult. During this period the nation has 
 passed through two wars and several financial panics 
 of serious character and disastrous results. Through 
 it all his business ventures have been uniformly suc- 
 cessful, showing that his ability is of the best order, 
 justifying the confidence so generally reposed in him 
 in that respect. 
 
 As a citizen his voice and influence are always 
 found on the right side of virtue and good govern- 
 ment. Practicing industry, he commends it to others, 
 regarding it an important source of health and happi- 
 ness, a safeguard from vice, and in its providence for 
 the future elevating men to a higher conception of 
 their duty to themselves, their families, and fellow- 
 men. His abilities, combined with a long and event- 
 ful life, make him a good judge of men. He respects 
 sincere convictions, especially those relating to reli- 
 gion, and esteems those whose lives run parallel 
 thereto. Few men in the county are better known or 
 more respected. 
 
 CAPT. THOMAS N. HTILSE. 
 
 His paternal grandfather, Gilbert, was born on 
 Long Island, and settled in Wallkill, Orange Co., 
 N. Y., about the year 1800. James W. and Sarah, 
 who married Hugh Scofield, were his children. 
 
 James W., the father of Capt. Hulse, was born on 
 Long Island, Aug. 17, 1770. When a young man he 
 came to Orange County, and settled in Blooming- 
 Grove, on the farm which has since been the Hulse 
 liomestead. By trade he was a tanner and currier, and 
 owned a tannery on the homestead, and for his day did 
 a large business in his line. He married Rachel 
 Nicholson, of Orange County, whose father was an 
 officer in the Revolutionary war, and was under 
 Arnold at Quebec and at the battle of Saratoga. 
 
 Their children were William, deceased ; Maria, 
 deceased ; Gilbert W., who was a surgeon in the In- 
 dian war under Gen. Scott, and after the war settled 
 in practice at the Grand Gulf, Miss. He subse- 
 (|uently purchased the Lake Land plantation, for- 
 merly owned by Col. Taylor, in Louisiana, upon 
 which he remained until the late civil war, when he 
 came North ; Thomas N. ; and Elizabeth, who mar- 
 ried Benjamin Moffiit and resides in Illinois. James 
 W. Hulse died in Blooming-Grove, Feb. 18, 1813. 
 
 Capt. Thomas N. Hulse was born on the home- 
 stead in Blooming-Grove, Oct. .31, 1810. His father 
 dying when he was but a mere boy, he was early 
 tlirown upon his own resources. At the age of eight 
 
 he commenced work, and his " school of experience" 
 was severe and varied from his youth upward. In 
 1835, having a taste for navigation, he commenced 
 life on the Hudson River as a clerk on the steamboat 
 " Telegraph," running from Sing Sing to New York. 
 This was the commencement of an active and suc- 
 cessful business life on the Hudson which continued 
 for twenty-five successive years. In 1840 he went on 
 the " People's Line" between Albany and New York, 
 and soon afterwards became captain of such well- 
 known boats as the " South America," " Hendrick 
 Hudson," " Francis Skiddy," and " North America." 
 The passengers on the Hudson River boats in those 
 days well remember the face and figure of Capt. 
 Thomas N. Hulse. From 18-19 until 1860, Capt. 
 Hulse had charge of the entire floating property of 
 the Erie Railroad, consisting of steamboats, barges, 
 etc. He was also interested in and managed the 
 boat " Thomas Powell" for a time. The last line 
 boat of which he acted as captain was the " Francis 
 Skiddy." There are but few men living in Orange 
 County who so successfully represent the business 
 life of a Hudson River steamboat as Capt. Thomas 
 N. Hulse. During this period his home was in New 
 York City, but in 1862, having resigned his position, 
 he removed to the homestead in Blooming-Grove, 
 where he has since resided. He has paid .some atten- 
 tion to farming, but of late years has led a retired 
 life. Capt. Hulse has never courted or wished for 
 public favor, and with the exception of being the 
 candidate of his party for member of Assembly, a 
 few years since, his name has never been placed be- 
 fore the people for their suffrages. He married Eme- 
 line Houton, of Vermont, in 1849. She died in 1870. 
 Afterwards Capt. Hulse married Ann Eliza, widow of 
 Edwin Hulse, and sister of Alden Goldsmith, Esq., 
 of Blooming-Grove. 
 
 NATHANIEL D. WOODHULL. 
 
 Nathaniel D. Woodhull is a lineal descendant of 
 Col. Je.sse Woodhull, who was born at Mastic, Suf- 
 folk Co., L. I., Feb. 10, 173r), and settled at Blagg's 
 Clove, Orange Co., about 17.53, upon 500 acres of land. 
 He married Hester, daughter of Capt. Lewis DuBois, 
 of Orange County, by whom he had issue, — Nathaniel, 
 Richard, Sarah, Renelihe, Hannah, Jesse, and Eben- 
 ezer. He died Feb. 4, 1795. Richard, second son 
 of Col. Jesse Woodhull, married Hannah, daughter 
 of Judge William Smith, and their children were 
 Jesse, William Smith, Nathaniel DuBois, and Ruth 
 Hester Woodhull. 
 
 Nathaniel DuBois, grandfather of the subject of this 
 sketch, was born Nov. 30, 1797. He married Frances 
 Mandevill, and their children were Richard Wil- 
 liam, Francis M., and Jacob, who died a young man. 
 He lived and died on the Woodhull homestead in 
 Blooming-Grove. Richard William was born Aug. 
 4, 1815. He married Ruth A. Strong, Dec. 14, 1837, 
 
646 
 
 HISTORY OF OEANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 and their children are Nathaniel D. ; Adis E., a com- 
 mission merchant of Chicago ; Joseph Y., deceased ; 
 Jacob M. ; Richard S., deceased ; Ruth E., married 
 Robert Beattie, of Little Falls, N. J. ; Isabel L., died 
 young ; and Laura F., who died in infancy. Richard 
 W., a farmer of Blooming-Grove for many years, was 
 afterwards engaged in the milk business in New 
 York, and resides now in Iowa. 
 
 Nathaniel D. Woodhull was born on the homestead, 
 Sept. 27, 1838. At the age of fifteen he went to New 
 York City with his father, who established a general 
 milk business there about 1848. In 1860 he, with 
 Mr. George Gouge, of Campbell Hall, Orange Co., 
 as partner, bought out the milk business of his father, 
 which had become established at the corner of White 
 and Church Streets. This partnership continued 
 until 1870, Mr. Woodhull supervising the city trade, 
 when they dissolved partnership, Mr. Gouge retiring 
 from the firm. In 1872 he associated with him as 
 partner Mr. J. W. Taintor, of New York, and from 
 this date the firm-name has been N. D. Woodhull & 
 Co. In 1865 ho bought property on North Moore 
 Street, and established his business name there, where 
 it has since continued. Afterwards be opened a retail 
 milk business on Thirty-second Street, with Pierson 
 Sanford, of Warwick, and continued this until his 
 death, in addition to his wholesale trade. In 1864 he 
 bought the Woodhull homestead of 423 acres, and made 
 it his summer residence. Mr. Woodhull was an emi- 
 nently successful business man. He was known as the 
 New York City " Milk-King," and was president of the 
 Milk Dealers' Union of New York for many years. 
 The Goihen RepubUain said at his death, — 
 
 "It is with feelings of regret tliat we are compelled to chronicle the 
 death of Mr. N. D. Woodhull, late of Blooming-Grove, who died in New 
 York City, April 19, 1879. He was widely and favorably known among 
 the farming community of this and the adjoining counties. Few men 
 there are who possess the business shrewdness and sagacity displayed by 
 him, by means of which he was in early life enabled to accumulate a 
 large property " 
 
 He married Martha V., daughter of John and Betsy 
 Andrews, of Saratoga Co., N. Y'., April 16, 1862, 
 and the fruit of this union was Edward D., George 
 G., Jennie V., Mary L., died young; Nathaniel D., 
 Jr., died young; AValter A., Kate C, and Charles R. 
 
 HON. NATHAN HERRICK WHITE. 
 His great-grandfather Ebenezer was among the 
 earliest settlers of Long Island. Sylvanus, his son, 
 who married Phcebe Howell and lived and died on 
 Long Island, was a well-known Presbyterian divine 
 of his time. He was the father of Sylvanus, Jr., who 
 was born at Southampton, L. I., July 19, 1730, mar- 
 ried Eunice Herrick, Oct. 10, 1754, and soon after- 
 wards settled upon 300 acres of land at Blagg's Clove, 
 in Orange County. This property has since been the 
 White homestead. The children by this marriage 
 were Phoebe, married Anselm Helme; Euphemia, 
 died in infancy ; Sylvanus, died, unmarried, at the 
 
 age of thirty-three ; Eunice, married Daniel Pop- 
 pino ; and Nathan H., the subject of this sketch. 
 Sylvanus White, Jr., was a farmer by occupation. 
 He died March 2, 1881, in the eighty-eighth year of 
 his age. His wife died Feb. 24, 1818, in her eighty- 
 
 i fifth year. They had lived together sixty-four years. 
 
 1 Hon. Nathan Herrick White was born on the home- 
 stead at Blagg's Clove, June 14, 1770. His prepara- 
 tory course of education was obtained at the schools 
 in Goshen. At the age of eighteen he entered Co- 
 lumbia College, from which institution he was gradu- 
 ated in the same class with John Randolph, in the 
 year 1791. Soon afterwards he took charge of a 
 classical school at Montgomery, N. Y^., for six years, 
 there being then hut five in the whole State. Follow- 
 ing this he was principal of the Newburgh Academy 
 for two years. During his teaching he cultivated his 
 literary taste and perfected his knowledge of the an- 
 cient languages, which continued so remarkable to 
 the close of his life. He then returned to his paternal 
 home, but was soon called by the public voice to a 
 seat on the bench, and for twenty years from 1802 
 was first judge of Orange County, the friend and as- 
 sociate of Kent, Van Ness, Piatt, and others. In 
 1806 he received a commission from Governor Morgan 
 Lewis as captain of an Orange County regiment of 
 militia. For many years he was school commissioner 
 of his town and a justice of the peace. 
 
 Judge White was eminently a representative man. 
 During the recess of court his kindness of heart and 
 knowledge of the law made him a public benefactor, 
 and he was always ready to assist his neighbors in 
 settling their disputes amicably. Though retiring, 
 his conversation was singularly cheerful and brilliant. 
 His sight was much impaired in his later years, but 
 he retained his mental faculties perfectly until his 
 death. 
 
 Judge White was an industrious man, and ever en- 
 joyed himself in agricultural pursuits. He added 
 200 acres of land to the homestead, and there died 
 April 10, 1855. On Dec. 8, 1802, Judge Wliite mar- 
 ried Frances, daughter of Hezekiah and Juliana 
 (Woodhull) Howell, and their children are Albert 
 S., born Oct. 24, 1803, on the homestead, and went 
 to Indiana about 1825. He married a Mi.ss Randolph, 
 of Virginia. Hon. Albert Smith White was a mem- 
 ber of Congress from Indiana for two terms, and was 
 also United States senator for Indiana, cotemporary 
 with Clay, Calhoun, and Webster. In 1863 he was 
 appointed district judge of Indiana by President 
 Lincoln, which position he held at his death, which 
 occurred in August, 1864. The second child was 
 Nathaniel, who died in infancy ; then Morgan L., 
 born March 17, 1806, who until within a few years 
 has resided on the homestead owned by him ; Eliza- 
 beth Howell, born Jan. 8, 1808, married Harvey 
 Denniston, and of this marriage was born H. A. 
 Denniston, who lives in Blooming-Grove ; afterwards 
 married John Nicoll, of New York, and died Dec. 
 
(2^'<2^-r^^ ,fl. ,jf^' TT~,:>^a-C-.^ 
 
^xX^;%^t^ 
 
BLOOMING-GROVE. 
 
 647 
 
 21, 1855; Eunice Herrick, born Dec. 10, 1810, died 
 June 25, 1874; Juliana W., married Van Rensselaer 
 Marvin, of Blooming-Grove ; Abram A., who resides 
 in Indiana; and Isaac S., who resides in Illinois. 
 
 EDMUND S. HOWELL. 
 
 His grandfather, Hezekiah Howell, came from 
 Long Island, and settled in Orange County, at Blagg's 
 Clove, in 1727. He there married Susanna, daughter 
 of Job Sayre, and their children were Phebe, Jane, 
 Hezekiah, and Charles. He died in 1785. Charles, 
 father of Edmund S. Howell, was born at Blagg's 
 Clove, Nov. 20, 1752. He was a farmer by occupa- 
 tion, and an active man. He assisted in the build- 
 ing of Fort Putnam, at West Point, as a member of 
 the independent corps under Gen. George Clinton, 
 and was also stationed with his corps on guard after 
 the burning of Kingston. In 1785 lie married a 
 daughter of Maj. Strong, who was murdered by 
 Claudius Smith, and the same year settled upon 150 
 acres of land, which is the Howell homestead in 
 Blooming-Grove. By this marriage were Selah 
 Strong, born March 6, 1788; and Clarissa, born July 
 28, 1791, who married William Strong, of Blooming- 
 Grove. After the death of his fu'st wife Charles 
 Howell married, in 1802, Elizabeth, daughter of Jo- 
 seph Board, and their children were Charles Board, 
 born Sept. 7, 1803, a successful practicing physician 
 of Chester, who died April 3, 18C5; Edmund Sayre, 
 the subject of this sketch ; and Joseph Henry, born 
 Dec. 3, 1805, died Dec. 13, 1878. Charles Howell 
 died in January, 1843, at the old homestead. 
 
 Edmund S. Howell was born in Blooming-Grove, 
 Sept. 5, 1804, and, with the exception of fourteen 
 years spent in New Jersey, has always lived on the 
 homestead. His educational advantages were limited 
 to the common schools, and his father's farm gave 
 him employment in his youth. 
 
 On Feb. 16, 1836, he married Nancy C, daughter 
 of James Bell, of Warwick, and their children are 
 Mary E., married Edward Fitzgerald, and resides in 
 Binghamton ; Clarissa A., married Rev. Arthur Har- 
 low, of Orange County; Phebe E., wife of Benjamin 
 C. Sears; Charles H., a farmer, on the homestead; 
 James B. ; Caroline A., married Dr. George H. Sears ; 
 Harriet A. ; Joseph E. ; Susan E. ; and Effie, de- 
 ceased. 
 
 Mr. Howell is a member and elder of the Second 
 Presbyterian Church at Washingtonville, and was one 
 of the original movers and contributors in the build- 
 ing of the same. He is also one of the managers of 
 the Orange County Bible Society for the town of 
 Blooming-Grove. Mr. Howell is naturally of a re- 
 tiring disposition, and, although interested in all that 
 pertains to the welfare of his town and county, has 
 never sought publicity in any way. He retains his 
 faculties to a remarkable degree for his age, and be- 
 longs to that class of men that not only think but 
 
 act. He is the last connecting-link between his gen- 
 eration and the one preceding him of his line of the 
 Howell family, and is greatly respected by all who 
 know him. 
 
 HEZEKIAH HOWELL (?,). 
 
 Hezekiah Howell (3) is a lineal descendant of Ed- 
 ward Howell, who came from England to Massachu- • 
 setts, and was made a freeman at Boston, March 4, 1639. 
 He was one of the eight " original undertakers" who 
 settled at Southampton in 1640, and the progenitor 
 of the Howell family in that locality. Lieut. Heze- 
 kiah Howell was a descendant in the direct line. He 
 married Phebe, daughter of Thomas Halsey, Sept. 10, 
 1702, and their children were Hezekiah, Phebe, Ex- 
 perience, and Jedediah. 
 
 Hezekiah (1), the grandfather of our subject, was 
 born May 6, 1709, came to Orange County about 
 1734, and settled at Blagg's Clove, where, with Syl- 
 vanus White and others, he took up 2000 acres of 
 land, a portion of which has since been the Howell 
 homestead. He married Susanna, daughter of Job 
 Sayre, of Orange County, in 1735, and had children, 
 — Phebe, Jane, Hezekiah, Stephen, and Charles. 
 
 Hezekiah (2) was born on the homestead, Sept. 3, 
 1741. He married Juliana, daughter of Nathaniel 
 and Sarah (Smith) WoodhuU, of Mastic, L. I., and 
 their children were Hezekiah (3), the subject of this 
 sketch ; Nathaniel W., who resided at Canandaigua, 
 N. Y., and was a prominent lawyer and circuit judge ; 
 Susan, married Benjamin Strong, of Goshen, N. Y. ; 
 Sarah, married Abraham Shultz, of New Windsor, 
 N. Y.; Fanny, married Judge Nathan H. White; 
 Jane, married Judge Augustus Porter, of Niagara, 
 who was a member of Congress in 1812, and a finan- 
 cial sufferer during the war of that date ; and Eliza- 
 beth, married Rev. Andrew Thomjjson, of Rockland 
 County, and a preacher at Nyack. Hezekiah Howell 
 (2) was a prominent man of his time, was the iirst 
 supervisor of the precinct of Cornwall, and was 
 sheriff of Orange Co. during the Revolutionary war. 
 
 Hezekiah (3j was born on the homestead in Bloom- 
 ing-Grove, Aug. 21, 1768. His boyhood was spent on 
 the farm, and he attended school at the old brick 
 school-house in Goshen. Noah Webster, the lexicog- 
 rapher, chose him, while a pupil there, on account of 
 his good voice, to give him the sound of the different 
 vowels while compiling his dictionary. Mr. Howell 
 was a farmer by occupation, paid some attention to 
 stock-raising, and was an active business man. He 
 interested himself in whatever pertained to the public 
 good, and was one of the main men in contributing 
 towards and building the Blooming-Grove church. 
 In disposition he was genial, enjoyed society, and, 
 although dignified in his bearing, was courteous to 
 all whom he met. On Dec. 6, 1796, he married 
 Frances, daughter of Maj. Tuthill, of Orange County, 
 and their children were Juliana WoodhuU, married 
 Judge Robert Denniston, and died in 1825 ; Hezekiah, 
 
648 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 who lived on the homestead, known for his good quali- 
 ties of hand and heart, died unmarried at the age of 
 seventy-four years; Nathaniel Woodhull, who died 
 in middle life at Columbus, Ga. ; Matthew Henry; 
 John W. T., born Oct. 24, 1806, and died in 1870 ; 
 Mary Brewster, married Henry F. Moffat, of Bloom- 
 ing-Grove; Andrew, died young; Gabriel, Simeon, 
 and Andrew. Hczekiah Howell (3) added 200 acres 
 of land to the homestead, and there died June 20, 
 1856. His wife died Dec. 14, 1830. 
 
 Matthew Henry was born Jan. 16, 1805, lives on 
 part of the homestead, and follows agricultural pur- 
 suits. He married Julia S., daughter of Daniel 
 Brewster, of Blooming-Grove, and of this union was 
 born Nathaniel W. ; Charles, deceased ; Sarah, mar- 
 ried William Clark, and resides in New York; and 
 Joanna B.,-who died young. 
 
 Nathaniel W. Howell, grandson of Hezekiah (3), 
 lives on 300 acres of the homestead, being the fifth 
 generation. He married Mary, daughter of AValter 
 Halsey, an old family of Blooming-Grove, and has 
 two children, — Joanna B. and Hezekiah. Mr. Howell 
 is an active man in his township, has represented it 
 in the board of supervisors, and was member of As- 
 sembly from the First District of Orange County in 
 the years 1863-64. 
 
 ALDEN GOLDSMITH. 
 
 His great-grandfather Thomas was one of five 
 brothers who came from England and settled on Long 
 Island early in the eighteenth century. He after- 
 wards came to Orange County, and in 1735 bought a 
 patent of land of 1000 acres for £200, the title coming 
 from Queen Anne. Washingtonville is situaied upon 
 this patent, and a portion of the land has since passed 
 to his lineal descendants, and been the homestead. 
 His children were Elisha, Joshua, and Richard. 
 Elisha married Sarah Dunning, of Orange County, 
 and their children were Henry, father of our subject; 
 John ; Elisha ; Charles; Matilda, married Peter Earle ; 
 Sally Ann, married Peter Larary ; and Dicia, married 
 James Kelso. 
 
 Henry Goldsmith was born in Blooming-Grove, on 
 July 18, 1788. By inheritance and by purchase he 
 came into possession of 200 acres of the homestead, 
 and lived upon the same during his lifetime, follow- 
 ing agricultural pursuits, and giving some attention 
 to stock-raising. As a farmer he was successful, and 
 as a man was highly respected and esteemed for his 
 good social qualities. He married Fayetta, daughter 
 of Peter Moore, of Blooming-Grove, in 1815, and of 
 this union was born, Adaline, who lives on the home- 
 stead ; Ann Eliza, who married Edwin Hulse, and 
 after his decease, Capt. Thomas N. Hulse, of Bloom- 
 ing-Grove ; Alden ; Henry M., resides in the West; 
 Walter, who resides in Iowa; Mary L., died young; 
 and Charles H., who died at the age of forty. Henry 
 Goldsmith died April 10, 1875, in his eighty-seventh 
 
 year. His wife Fayetta died Dec. 2, 1835. After 
 her decease he married Sarah Pelton. 
 
 Alden Goldsmith was born Dec. 4, 1820, on the 
 homestead, and has always lived there, being the 
 fourth generation. His education was obtained at the 
 common schools. Having a natural love for stock, 
 he early in life gave his attention to .stock-raising. 
 At first he was associated with his father in the raising 
 of horses, sheep, and cattle, and afterwards confined 
 himself more especially to the raising and develop- 
 ment of blooded horses. The " Maid," trained and 
 developed by him, has linked the name of its owner 
 forever with the horse interests of the United States; 
 afterwards the bringing out of such horses as " Glos- 
 ter," "Huntress," "Powers," "Driver," and "Alley" 
 have tended to make the name of Alden Goldsmith 
 still more widely known. Indeed, the interest taken 
 in the breeding of good horses, and the rei)utation 
 which Orange County people sustain throughout the 
 country as producers of good stock, is due more to 
 Alden Goldsmith than any other man. For nineteen 
 years he has owned the stallion " Volunteer," which 
 is now acknowledged as the raost prominent stock- 
 horse in America. Mr. Goldsmith's dealings in horses 
 have made his name indissolubly connected with the 
 stock-growing interests of this country, and the " Wal- 
 nut Grove Farm" of 200 acres is devoted by him 
 exclusively to the raising of finely-bred horses. 
 
 While he has thus been interested in stock-raising, 
 he has still kept up his interest in public matters. In 
 1858 he represented his town in the board of super- 
 visors, as did he also from 1862 to 1868. He was a 
 member of the finance committee of the county in the 
 late war. For twenty years Mr. Goldsmith has been 
 a director in the Quassaick Bank of Newburgh, and 
 many times has been president of the Orange County 
 Agricultural Society. In politics he was formerly a 
 Whig, but has been identified with the Republican 
 party from its formation, and was a delegate from 
 Orange County to the memorable New York State 
 Convention of 1855, held at Saratoga. He has since 
 represented his j^arty in her State conventions at dif- 
 ferent times. On Oct. 29, 1846, he married Catherine 
 Cornell, daughter of James and Anna Townsend, of 
 Hamptonburgh, and their children are James H., 
 Annie S., and John Alden. 
 
 JESSE BULL. 
 Jesse Bull is a descendant in the fourth generation 
 of William Bull, who was born in England in Feb- 
 ruary, 1689, and sailed from Dublin, Ireland, to this 
 country, and here died in 1755. He married Sarah 
 Wells, who was the first white woman in (ioshen 
 township, and they were the first couple of white 
 people that were married in Goshen. William Bull 
 built the old stone house in Hamptonburgh often 
 mentioned by historians as the scene of many noted 
 events. In 1868 an appropriate monument was 
 

 ^^&^oL^U 
 
Iol^ /^://cn tc 
 
 <^i-x» 
 
 Silas K. Horton is a linefil descendant in tlieseventli 
 generaticiM of Harniibas Horton, wlio was born in 
 Mousely, Lcicostersliire, England, July 13,11100. He 
 emigrated to America, in the ship "Swallow," in 1035, 
 and landed at Hampton, Mass. In October, 1040, he 
 settled at Sontliold, L. I., and there died, in July, 1080. 
 His children were Joso|;li, Henjarnin, Caleb, Joshua, 
 Jonathan, Hannah, Sarali, Mary, Mercy, and Abigail. 
 The old Horton homestead, erected by Barnabas Horton 
 in 1660, at Southold, L. 1., still remains standing, in a 
 good state of preservation, and is, in all probability, the 
 oldest wood house in America. Six generations bearing 
 the Horton name have lived and died in this venerable 
 building. James, the youngest son of Jonathan Horton, 
 and one of eleven children, was the father of Silas, who 
 settled on the old Horton homestead, in Goshen town- 
 shi]) (formerly), in the year 1750. Since that date the 
 property has been owned by his lineal descendants. 
 Silas Horton married Margaret Bull, and the children 
 of this imion were James, Silas, James (:2), William, 
 Anna, Margaret, and Sarah, all of whom died young 
 except Sarah, who married David Hawkins, and Wil- 
 liam, the grandfather of our subject. He was born on 
 the homestead, July 2, 1771, and followed agricultural 
 pursuits during his life. On Dec. 23, 1793, he married 
 Phebe, daughter of Phineas Kumsey, of Goshen, and 
 their children were Sarah, died young ; William ; Mar- 
 garet, born Oct. 4, 1797, died Jan. 15, 1817; and Cliar- 
 lotte, married Dr. Jerome Welles, and lives in Goshen, 
 N. Y. 
 
 William Horton, M.D., was born in Goshen, N. Y., 
 on the homestead. May 16, 1796. His early education 
 was obtained at the schools in Goshen. At the age of 
 eighteen he entered the junior class at Union College, 
 from which institution be was graduated. After his 
 collegiate course he studied medicine and attended med- 
 ical lectures at the University of New York, during the 
 palmy days of Mitchell and Hosack. He commenced 
 the practice of his profession at the residence of his 
 
 father, but soon afterwards moved to Goshon, where ho 
 continued the practice of medicine. He died on the 
 homfstead, Dec. 1, 1844, at the untimely ago of forty- 
 seven. In an obituary notice of Dr. William Horton, 
 taken from the Goshen True W/iig, we find the follow- 
 ing : " He was a surgeon, but was still more <'elebrate(l 
 as a physician. By his skill and honorable bearing he 
 early secured the confidence of his medical brethren, 
 and was frequently called in consultation wiih the agi-d 
 and experienced physicians of his daj-. He was remark- 
 ably successful in the treatment of fevers, and jirepared 
 a work relative to them, which, however, was never 
 published. His pamphlet on dysentery and his geolog- 
 ical reports are his only published works, and these are 
 sufficient to establish his reputation as a profound thinker 
 and a clear and powerful writer. In the midst of his 
 career of usefulness as a physician he turned his atten- 
 tion to the stud}' of botanj-, mineralogy, and geology, 
 and soon became one of the most noted men of his day 
 in these sciences. His great delight in these studies led 
 him, at the age of thirty-seven, to relinquish the practice 
 of medicine and devote himself wholly to these sciences, 
 and had he lived a few days longer he would have pub- 
 lished a large work on these subjects. Dr Horton was 
 always rigidly moral, and never sacrificed principle to 
 expediency'. " He married, April 9, 1817, Maria Kyneck, 
 of Schenectady, and their children are Silas Kyneck, 
 who married Sarah Jane, daughter of Jacob J. Decker, 
 of Ulster County, N. Y. He inherits something of his 
 father's taste for geology and mineralogy, and a few 
 years since discovered a new and rare mineral, wliich 
 has since been named by Prof. George J. Brush, of Yale 
 College, " Hortonalite ;" Eugene, who married Anna 
 T. Haley, and follows agricultural ])ursuits on the old 
 homestead, being the fifth generation ; William, a phy- 
 sican, at Craigville, N. Y. ; Egbert, died young ; Emily, 
 married J. J. Dolson ; Margaret, married S. W. Leddel ; 
 Charlotte, married Jesse E. Mofl'at ; and Gertrude, 
 married Brewer G. Ward. 
 
^7^^>^.^!^e-/^->-- .<>''2-^^>^?2-«~^^ 
 
 His grandfather, Anselm, was born on l^ong 
 Island, July 8, 1750. In early life he was a 
 sailor, but left the sea at the commencement of 
 the llevolutionary war, and landing at New- 
 port, R. I., came overland to Orange County, 
 where, in 1776, he settled upon two hundred 
 acres of land in Blooming-Grove, tiie farm now 
 owned I)y Joel Coleman. He married Plia'be, 
 daughter of Sylvanus White, of Blooming- 
 Grove, Feb. 3, 1778. Their children were 
 Ruth, married Samuel Denuiston ; Eunice, 
 married Samuel Strong ; Brewster ; Phoebe, 
 married Joseph Decker; Mary, married Apollos 
 Halsey ; Deborah, married Thomas Moflat ; 
 Nathan W. ; and Joseph W. 
 
 Anselm Helme died Dec. 9, 1824. His wife 
 died in 1833. Soon after his marriage he sold 
 his original purchase, and Iwught about two 
 hundred acres of land in Blooming-Grove, which 
 has since been the homestead of his descendants. 
 
 He was considered a man of good judgment, 
 and was appointed by the Legislature of New 
 York State as a member of a committee to ap- 
 praise the damages done by squatters to the 
 government land at West Point. He was also 
 a justice of the peace for many years. 
 
 Brewster Helme, the father of our subject. 
 
 was boru April 14, 1782. He married Ex- 
 perience, daughter of Samuel Strong, of Bloom- 
 ing-Grove, in the year 1807. He was a fiirmer 
 by occupation, and always lived on the home- 
 stead. By his marriage he had two children, — 
 Elizabeth (deceased, married Wm. H. Thomp- 
 son, of Blooming-Grove) and Anselm. His 
 death occurred Feb. 11, 1861. 
 
 Anselm Helme was born on the homestead, 
 Jan. 6, 1817. His early life was spent on the 
 fiirm and in the common school. He obtainetl 
 the homestead by inheritance, and has always 
 lived upon it as a farmer. Mr. Helme is not 
 a man who courts public favor, but has always 
 led an honest, quiet life. He is the last of his 
 generation, and is esteemed by his neighbors as 
 a good citizen. He and his fixmily are attend- 
 ants of the Congregational Church at Blooming- 
 Grove. 
 
 On the 29th of March, 1849, he married 
 Jane B., daughter of Dr. Samuel Warner, of 
 Blooming-Grove, and their children are Ara- 
 bella S., who lives at home; Anselm Winfield, 
 who married Anna, daughter of Levi Benedict, 
 of Cornwall, and lives adjoining the homestead ; 
 Mary Ann, died young; Irving, died young; 
 and Mary E., who lives at home. 
 
,.^ 
 
 ^:i/MyT/^i^ — 
 
 Cortland S. Marvin is a lineal descendant in 
 the sixth generation of Matthew Marvin, who came 
 from England in 1635, and was among the original 
 settlers of Hartford, Conn. 
 
 His son Matthew, who was born in England in 
 1627, and came to this country with his parents, was 
 the father of John Marvin, who was born in Con- 
 necticut, Sept. 2, 1678. 
 
 Elihu was the son of John, and was born Oct. 10, 
 1719. About the year 1743 he settled in Orange 
 County upon two hundred acres of land, which has 
 since been the Marvin homestead, being the place 
 where C. S. Marvin now resides in Blooming-Grove. 
 He married Abigail, daughter of John Yelverton, of 
 Chester, and their children were Seth, Abigail (mar- 
 ried Sheriff Jackson), Elihu, John Yelverton, Eliza- 
 beth (married John McDowell), Hannah (married 
 John Hall), John (father of our subject), James, 
 Kezia, and Anthony. Elihu Marvin died on the 
 homestead, Aug. 11, 1803. He was a farmer by 
 occupation, served in the Revolutionary war, and was ; 
 one of the associate justices on the trial of Claudius 
 Smith for the murder of Maj. Strong. John Marvin 
 was born in Blooming-Grove, April 8, 1757. He 
 married Fanny, daughter of Ebenezer Woodhull, 
 May 1, 1797. Their children were John F., born 
 Jan. 19, 1800, married Amelia, daughter of Stephen 
 Jayne, of Florida, N. Y., died March 16, 1868 ; Caro- 
 line, born May 20, 1803, married Walter Halsey, of 
 
 Blooming-Grove, and died Feb. 7, 1879; Van Rens- 
 selaer W., born March 9, 1805, married Juliana W., 
 daughter of Judge Nathan White, and died Feb. 11, 
 1856; and Cortland S. 
 
 John Marvin lived on the homestead during his 
 life, and there died June 23, 1809. His wife died 
 April 7, 1857. 
 
 Cortland S. Marvin was born Dec. 11, 1807, at the 
 home of his ancestors. He has always followed agri- 
 cultural pursuits, and is a member of the Orange 
 County Agricultural Society. Mr. iMarvin has always 
 led a quiet, unassuming life, and has never figured 
 in public matters, with the exception of being com- 
 missioner of highways and assessor of his township. 
 
 As a farmer he has been successful, and as a man 
 has borne a good reputation among his neighbors. In 
 disposition he is genial and pleasant, and retains his 
 faculties to quite a remarkable degree. In stature he 
 is tall and well-proportioned, and is the last survivor 
 of his generation. He and his family are attendants 
 at the Blooming-Grove Congregational Church. 
 
 On Jan. 3, 1839, Mr. Marvin married Melissa, 
 daughter of James and Mary (Heard) Duryea, of 
 Blooming-Grove, and of this union was born one .?on, 
 William H., who is a farmer on the homestead, bein"' 
 the fourth generation. He married Anna M., daughter 
 of Josiah and Harriet (Tuttle) Seely, of Blooming- 
 Grove. Mrs. C. S. Marvin died Feb. 25, 1871, in 
 the sixty-third year of her age. 
 

 \vm 
 
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 -^-^^-^ /^^^t^ 
 
HAMPTONBURGH. 
 
 649 
 
 erected over the remaius of 'Winiam Bull and his 
 wife, near Haniptonburgh church, by his lineal de- 
 scendants. Jesse's children were Jolui ; William; 
 Sarah, married Charles Booth ; Thomas ; Isaac ; Es- 
 ther, married John Miller ; Mary, married Benjanun 
 Booth; Margaret, married Silas Horton ; Catharine, 
 became the wife of James Falkner; Ann, became the 
 wife of William Eager; Richard; and Eleanor, who 
 became the wife of Henry Weller. 
 
 John Bull was born May 3, 1721, on the Bull home- 
 stead in Hamptonburgh. He married Hannah Holly, 
 of Goshen, N. Y., and lived and died at the place of 
 his birth. His children were Ebenezer ; Sarah, mar- 
 ried Richard Earl ; Elizabeth, married Peter Earl ; 
 Mary, married John Tuthill ; William; Samuel; 
 John ; Richard ; Daniel ; Esther, married William 
 Brush ; and Crisse. 
 
 Richard was the father of Jesse Bull, and was born 
 on the homestead Oct. 25, 1762. He married Lena, 
 daughter of Benjamin Harlow, April 12, 1800, and 
 soon afterwards settled in the Sugar-Loaf Valley, in 
 Chester township. By occupation he was a farmer 
 and miller. He died Jan. 5, 1846. Their children 
 were Hannah (now deceased), married Joseph Ray; 
 Jesse ; James ; Harvey ; Daniel ; Ira, who lives on 
 the old homestead in Chester ; and Charles W., de- 
 ceased. 
 
 Jesse Bull was born in Chester, on the homestead, 
 Dec. 27, 1802. His early life was spent at school, on 
 his father's farm, and in his father's grist-mill. On 
 Feb. 1-5, 1827, he married Caroline, daughter of Cor- 
 nelius and Annas Board, of Chester, a school-mate 
 and early friend. Of this union were born Susan, 
 died young; Phebe Ann, married Isaac V. Wheeler, 
 of Warwick ; John J., died young ; Hannah, born 
 Aug. 1, 1832, died May 4, 1851 ; Mary Elizabeth, 
 born July 18, 1834, died Nov. 26, 1849 ; Susan Caro- 
 line, who lives on the homestead in Blooming-Grove; 
 
 Charles Richard, married Harriet N., daughter of 
 .Jesse and Caroline Roe, of Chester, and resides on 
 the homestead, an active and successful man ; and 
 Emma Lena, married Nathaniel B. Zabriskie, of 
 Hackensack, N. J. 
 
 The year of his marriage Mr. Bull purchased 92 
 acres of land of Thaddeus Seeley in Blooming-Grove, 
 upon which he settled. He afterwards bought 118 
 acres of land adjoining his original purchase, and in 
 1836 he purchased 198 acres in Bloonung-Grove. On 
 his original purchase was an iron ore mine which, in 
 1864, he sold to Peter P. Parrot, of Greenwood, N. Y. 
 Mr. Bull followed agricultural pursuits during his 
 life, and was a successful farmer, and an officer of the 
 Orange County Agricultural Society. He was one of 
 the original incorporators and stockholders of the 
 Chester Bank, acted as its president for a short time, 
 and was a director in its board from its founding until 
 his death. He was a man of good judgment, and his 
 financial abilities were acknowledged by business men. 
 Mr. Bull was interested in all that pertained to the 
 welfare of his town, county, and State, and was looked 
 upon as a leading citizen. He became a member of 
 the Presbyterian Church of Chester in 1837, and his 
 wife is one of the oldest living members of that body. 
 For forty-two years he was a manager of the Orange 
 County Bible Society for the town of Blooming- 
 Grove. In politics he was a Republican, and was a 
 delegate to the State conventions of his party at dif- 
 ferent times. He was for many years a justice of the 
 peace, and was also commissioner of deeds of his 
 town. At the time of his death the Goshen Democrat 
 said, " He was a good citizen and a leading man, was 
 highly respected, and would be greatly missed by the 
 community in which he lived." On Feb. 15, 1877, 
 Mr. Bull and his wife celebrated their golden wed- 
 ding, about 200 guests being present. He died Jan. 
 5, 1878. 
 
 HAMPTONBURGH. 
 
 I.— SITUATION, BOUNDABIES, AREA, TITLE. 
 
 Hamptonburgh is one of the interior towns of the 
 county, lying somewhat northeast of the centre. Its 
 outline is that of an irregular pentagon, rendering it 
 difficult to state its boundaries by the four cardinal 
 points of the compa,ss. It is approximately accurate 
 to give them as follows : North by Montgomery, east 
 by New Windsor and Blooming-Grove, south by 
 Blooming-Grove and Goshen, west by Goshen and 
 Wallkill. The area of Hamptonburgh may be ap- 
 proximately stated at 16,621 acres, as determined by 
 42 
 
 the last supervisors' report. The assessed valuation 
 of the town was $1,010,850, and the total tax paid 
 upon that basis was $9792.53. The title to the soil 
 of Hamptonburgh must be traced back to the several 
 patents mentioned elsewhere. The town is made up 
 of territory taken from earlier towns and from both 
 sides of the " old county line." 
 
 II.— NATUHAL FEATURES. 
 This small territory is abundantly watered. The 
 Wallkill River separates it from the town of Wallkill 
 
650 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 on the northwest ; the Otterkill describes in its course 
 an irregular curve of more than half a circle, flowing 
 out of the town of Goshen, sweeping northward be- 
 yond Campbell Hall, eastward to Burnside, and south- 
 ward to the line of Blooming-Grove ; the Beaver Dam 
 flowing south from the town of Montgomery unites 
 with the Otterkill a short distance northeast of 
 Campbell Hall ; and several small rivulets complete 
 the drainage of the town. Lying mostly in the val- 
 leys of these streams, its surface is rolling or mod- 
 erately hilly. 
 
 III.— EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 It is the uniform testimony of previous writers that 
 the first settlement on the territory now embraced by 
 Hamptonburgh was made by Christopher Denne. 
 
 The date of the Wawayanda Patent was April 29, 
 1703. It was necessary that a beginning should be 
 made somewhere in order to open up the lands, get 
 them into the market, and secure purchasers. After 
 several eflibrts to induce settlers to enter upon the 
 patent had failed, the patentees seem to have deter- 
 mined to make the settlement themselves. Among 
 the patentees was Christopher Denne. 
 
 Denne was a resident of New York in 1701, and one 
 of the signers of the Protestant petition to William 
 III. in that year. In 1702 his name appears appended 
 to the congratulatory address to Lord Cornbury as 
 one " of the chiefest inhabitants of the city and county 
 of New York," and in 1705 he was one of the signers 
 to a petition by the merchants of that city. He was 
 still a resident of New York in 1708 and 1714, and 
 died there in 1722-23. His wife, Elizabeth, died there, ' 
 and by her will, dated Dec. 29, 1730, gave her property 
 to Sarah Jones, spinster, and Vincent Matthews, of 
 Matthewstield. Sarah Jones afterwards married 
 Thomas Brown. It is questionable whether Denne 
 ever resided on the Wawayanda Patent for anything 
 more than a temporary period. 
 
 Mr. Eager, in his history of the county, modernized 
 the statement of the boundaries of the tract taken up 
 by Denne so a.s to be understood at the time he wrote, 
 1846. They are probably yet sufiiciently clear for 
 popular reading, as follows : 
 
 •* Beginning at a stake and stones about east of and ten chains fiom 
 the dwelling-liunse of Gen. Abraiiam Vail in East Division; thence 
 northwesterly along tlie noitlieastei'ly lonnds of tlie Goshen town lots, 
 and until it meets with a line supposed to divide the old counties of Ul- 
 ster and Orungo ; thence east along the same to a stake and stones known 
 to be standing near the top of the highland or mountain above Charles 
 Heard's, in Hamptonburgh ; thence on u course south about thirty-six 
 degrees west to the place of beginning." 
 
 Upon this lot on the west bank of the Otterkill, and 
 from six to eight chains westerly from Tusten's bridge, 
 Christopher Denne in 1714 located a residence for him- 
 self and family. It is understood that Denne made 
 quite an extensive visit through the territory and ex- 
 plored it before undertaking the enterprise ; that he 
 made the acquaintance of the Indians in this locality 
 and secured their good will. He is also reported to 
 
 have had the aid of three of the natives to assist him 
 in his removal, and that for this purpose they accom- 
 panied him to New York. There was in the family 
 of Mr. Denne an orphan girl brought up by them, they 
 having no children of their own. Mr. Denne, so runs 
 the tradition, induced this young woman, then sixteen 
 years of age, to accompany a party sent out by him 
 to begin this settlement. Her name was Sarah Wells, 
 and as Mr. Eager's account of her wa.s derived from 
 her immediate descendants, and as he himself had 
 seen her in her old age while he was a boy, we can do 
 no better than quote his description : 
 
 "In person Sarah Wells was smaller than the majority of her sex ; yet 
 though light and fragile she was active, and capable <tf remarkable exer- 
 cise and endurance. This, ic part, may have resulted from the fact that 
 while young she had beeu in the habit of crossing the ferry in an open 
 boat from Slaten Island to New York, attending to the market business 
 of her patrons. This exposure while it imparted health by the exer- 
 cise, not only hardened and compacted a constitution otherwise delicate, 
 but deepened the sanguine cidor of her complexion. Her eyes were 
 neither large nor prominent, but dark, playful, and sparkling. Though 
 not a tlippant talker, she was free and convereed with fluency, and when 
 excited to reply to some rude remarks or impertinent inquiry her eyes 
 would flash like file, and the presumptuous intruder was sure to he 
 wounded in the conflict and carry the scar home with him for reflec- 
 tion." 
 
 The full story of this expedition of Sarah Wells 
 from the New York home to the depths of this inte- 
 rior wilderness reads like a romance, and may well 
 for a thousandth time prove that " truth is stranger 
 than fiction." The party consisted of the three young 
 Indians, several carpenters sent forward by Mr. Denne, 
 "and Sarah Wells." On board the sloop by which 
 they came up the Hudson were the few necessary 
 utensils to commence house-keeping with, the tools of 
 the carpenters, and other luggage. The evening of 
 the second day saw them at New Windsor. They 
 spent the night on board the boat, and the next morn- 
 ing, with goods loaded upon the animals and a gen- 
 eral order of procession fully observed, they took up 
 their line of travel for the banks of the Otterkill. 
 The pen of the American novelist should revel in 
 this forest march. The cows, the dogs, the horses, 
 the Indians, the white men, and Sarah Wells to- 
 gether made up as unique a procession as ever set 
 forward to settle a province or found a state. What- 
 ever thoughts occupied the mind of Sarah Wells we 
 cannot say. Tradition tells us that the Indians were 
 kind and full of gentle ways towards this unprotected 
 girl. And here we desire to add that no instance is 
 recorded of violence by the Indians of the Wawayanda 
 Patent towards the white men after the Esopus jieace 
 of 1063. The Indians who remained on the patent 
 obeyed the provisions of that treaty, and respected 
 scrumilously the rights conveyed to their successors. 
 Thus the day's march was successfully made, and 
 a wigwam, hastily constructed, that evening received 
 the weary party on the east bank of the Otterkill. 
 It was in the month of May when this entry upon the 
 patent was made. The stream was swollen, and rafts 
 were built by which the crossing was effected the next 
 
HAMPTONBURGH. 
 
 651 
 
 day. A log house was hastily erected by the white 
 men with the aid of the Indians, and thus the settle- 
 ment was Ijegun. 
 
 It appears, however, that Sarah Wells was left as 
 the solitary white woman of the party, but Mr. 
 Eager's account states that Christopher Denne and 
 wife came to this new home on the evening of the 
 first day after the arrival of the advance party, so 
 that the young girl had passed but three nights away 
 from their care, — one on the Hudson River coming 
 up, one at New Windsor landing, and one in the 
 wigwam on the east bank of the Otterkill. In the 
 midst of the unpacking of the " coffee, sugar, sacks 
 of flour, and hams," the driving up and milking of 
 the cows, and the getting ready for the first night's 
 rest in the new log cabin, the " old folks" suddenly 
 appeared on the scene. The strain of danger on the 
 part of Sarah Wells was over with. She fainted, as 
 a first-class heroine ought to, at the very feet of her 
 foster-mother. She " came to" without help. All 
 hands had a right royal supper, and no doubt slept 
 well in their new home. It hardly seems necessary 
 to enter upon a labored defense of Christopher Denne, 
 as a previous writer has done, for his apparent in- 
 humanity in sending Sarah Wells forward with the 
 advance expedition. On the whole, it seems to have I 
 been judiciously planned and successfully executed. 
 His forethought had provided for every question, ar- 
 ranged for every emergency, and himself and wife i 
 followed immediately. They came overland from j 
 what is now Jersey City, stopping one night at the 
 falls of the Ramapo, and reaching the Otterkill 
 thirty-six hours later than Sarah Wells and party. 
 The tradition is usually summed up as follows : 
 "Sarah Wells was the first civilized white woman, 
 and Madam Denne the second, who placed a foot upon 
 that part of the patent of Wawayanda which laid in 
 the town of Goshen." 
 
 The second settlerof whom special mention should be 
 made is William Bull. He was born at Wolverhampton, 
 England, February, 1689. In an account of this early 
 settler we rely upon tradition and the statements of 
 Sarah Wells, his wife, which were generally known 
 among his immediate descendants. When he was 
 young, his father left England and located at Dublin, 
 Ireland, where he was apprenticed to learn the trade of 
 a mason and stone-cutter. When his apprenticeship 
 ended, he, with a young friend and fellow-mason, con- 
 tracted to build the arch of a large bridge, which was 
 then in progress of erection in the vicinity of the city, 
 and had they succeeded, it might have established their 
 credit as good workmen and talented young men ; but 
 just as they were closing the arch and finishing the 
 job, down it tumbled, and with it the young and bright 
 prosjiects of the venturesome builders. Bull was 
 overwhelmed by the unexjjected calamity, and feeling 
 that future success there was hopeless, he at once de- 
 termined to emigrate and build his fortune in Amer- 
 ica. His money amounted to five guineas, and he 
 
 went down to the dock and inquired of the officer on 
 board if five guineas was sufficient to pay his passage. 
 The reply was in the affirmative, and he forthwith 
 completed his arrangements to leave. When the 
 time came, he embarked, having nothing to encumber 
 him but his clothes, five guineas, and a few books. 
 When the ship arrived in port, Bull presented him- 
 self to the captain to pay his five guineas and go 
 ashore; but was told that it was not enough, and 
 being informed it was all he had, replied that he must 
 then be sold for the balance. Bull was very much in- 
 censed at the trick put on him by false information in 
 Ireland, and at the indignity so coolly about to be in- 
 flicted upon him, promptly told the officer that " he 
 would not be sold, that he would abide by the ship 
 and return to Ireland, and that if he had to be a ser- 
 vant it should be there and not in a strange land." 
 
 Misfortune had compelled him to leave his country, 
 and now when about to realize his cherished hopes 
 and anxious expectations, it was threatening to drive 
 him back again, and he was in great doubt what 
 course to adopt. But in this case " his necessity was 
 God's opportunity." Just at this time Daniel Crome- 
 line, wild had an interest in the Wawaj'anda Patent, 
 and was about to make a settlement thereon, finding 
 an Irish passenger ship in port and thinking that he 
 might procure some laborers and artisans there, went 
 on board and made his wants known to the captain. 
 Proclamation was made throughout the ship that there 
 was a gentleman on board who wanted to employ 
 some workmen and mechanics to settle a new country, 
 and if there were any on board who were willing to 
 engage, to come forward. William Bull spoke and 
 said that he was an artisan and laborer, and had left 
 Ireland for America thinking he had money to pay 
 his passage; but that falling short and for the defi- 
 ciency was about to be sold, which he had refused to 
 be, he thought of returning, but if any gentleman 
 would advance the money, he would undertake, should 
 his health and life be spared, he should have no cause 
 to regret the kindness. Cronieline, pleased with his 
 appearance, prompt and manly bearing, advanced the 
 money and they left the ship together. 
 
 Bull, in company with other workmen, soon went 
 with Cromeline upon the patent, to prepare to erect a 
 dwelling and make a settlement. Bull executed the 
 mason and others the carpenter work, and he cut the 
 year of erection, 1716, in the stones of the chimney. 
 The boards of the house were sawed by a whip in a 
 sawpit, and the whole wood-work fastened by wood 
 pins in place of nails. This at the time, and for years 
 afterwards, was the largest and best house from New 
 Windsor to New Jersey. As it was on the traveled 
 route leading into New Jersey it soon became of great 
 notoriety, and being a public inn was a place of resort 
 for the country round. This house was known as the 
 "Old Gray Court House," and was in the present town 
 of Chester, about five miles southeast from the man- 
 sion of Christopher Denne, in Hamptonburgh. The 
 
652 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 structure was honestly built, having stood as a tene- 
 ment till 1832, about one hundred and sixteen years, 
 which cannot be affirmed of any other in the county, 
 except the Bull stone house at Hamptonburgh.* At 
 that early day, and for years afterwards, the popula- 
 tion was very sparse in that part of the county, and 
 all living within a dozen miles of each other were near 
 neighbors, and kept up an intimate and friendly in- 
 tercourse. As Christopher Denne was a patentee and 
 Daniel Cromeline interested in the patent, both having 
 made settlements and living within six miles of each 
 other, it was natural and expected that these families 
 would often meet on the most friendly terms. Thus 
 William Bull, who continued to live at the Cromeliue 
 house, became acquainted with Sarah Wells, which 
 eventuated in matrimony in the year 1718. The 
 young people of that day had a great deal of business 
 to do, and their offers were sincerely and promptly 
 made on the one side, and promptly and honestly ac- 
 cepted or rejected on the other. What they did was 
 done quickly, as they had no time to spare, and conse- 
 quently there were no courtships of seven years' stand- 
 ing. Inclination and the demands of a new country 
 forbade all tampering and procrastination. 
 
 Previous to this time courts of justice had been es- 
 tablished and a magistrate resided in the neighbor- 
 hood, who was called upon to perform the marriage 
 ceremony, there being no priest to do it. Bull was an 
 Episcopalian, and wished to be married according to 
 the forms of that church, but how were the bans to 
 be published three times to make the contract valid? 
 After long deliberation they concluded that circuni; 
 stances altered cases, and that three proclamations 
 made in one day were as eflectual for all purposes as 
 if they were made during three successive weeks. To 
 test the principle and carry it out in practice, the guests 
 being assembled and the bride and groom anxiously 
 waiting to know how it was to be performed, the 
 magistrate with a solemnity demanded by the occa- 
 sion took up the book of common prayer and pro- 
 ceeded to the front door of the house, and there pro- 
 claimed the bans to the trees of the forest, then he 
 walked through the hall to the back door and made a 
 second proclamation to the cattle and outbuildings, 
 and then again at the front door made a third to the 
 wilderness at large, whereupon the marriage ceremony 
 was immediately performed. Tradition affirms this 
 to have been the first marriage within the limits of 
 the old town of Goshen. 
 
 As Christopher Denne had promised Sarah Wells 
 100 acres of land, she, now being of age and married, 
 requested a fulfillment of the promise. Without dis- 
 closing his object, Christopher Denne advised her "not 
 to be in a hurry about it, that she had married a young 
 
 * There ia no doubt that the Cromeline house was the first that was 
 erected on the Waw.-xyauda Patent. Its date "1716," indicates tlie time 
 of ita completion, ratlier tlian that of its commencement. The employes 
 of Cromeline, Denne and Aske, came at about the same time. (See 
 General History, p. 17. J 
 
 ! . 
 Irishman who might play her some trick, and finally 
 
 leave her, and the title might as well be left where it 
 was for the present." She replied that " Bull was 
 born in England, and though brought up in Ireland, 
 she did not know that that made him an Irishman; 
 and that he was as good an Englishman as himself" 
 Denne manifested no resentment at what she said, and 
 smiling pleasantly put her otf. He told her, however, 
 to go and select 100 acres of his unimproved land where 
 she pleased, and locate it, and it should be secured to 
 her. This was done and possession taken. But Wil- 
 liam Bull, however, desired to possess land that he 
 could call his own, and in place of settling on the 100 
 acres, he located on the southeasterly side of Chris- 
 topher Denne's lot, then considered wild and unappro- 
 priated, and since designated by the " old Bull stone 
 house at Hamptonburgh." On this he erected his 
 log cabin in 1719 or 1720. The location was a favor- 
 able one. The land was of a fine quality and well 
 watered, and on settling he called the place " Hamp- 
 tonburgh," in honor of Wolverhampton, the place of 
 his birth. It is proper to say that the title to the 100 
 acres was made in fee-simple to John Bull, the eldest 
 son, which was a compliment too frequently paid by 
 the partiality of the English law. 
 
 When Denne settled, he supposed he had located on 
 the patent of Wawayanda, but as that patent was 
 bounded there, by the northwest line, when the new 
 northwest line came to be run it cut Denne's settle- 
 ment ofl" of the patent. His improvement was secured 
 in this way. By the English law, at this time, a 
 bona fide settler was entitled to a patent of 600 acres, 
 and this he determined to procure, but dying before 
 he accomplished it, the patent was issued to his 
 widow, Madam Denne. 
 
 Bull and Gerard, in 1723, procured a patent of 
 2600 acres just east of the 100 acres, and on this 
 William Bull erected the stone house in 1727, which 
 is still standing. This building is literally founded 
 on a rock, and has a spring in the cellar. The house 
 is two stories of eleven feet each, with a sharp roof, 
 and for a dwelling of that number of stories is the 
 highest in the county, measuring from the first floor 
 to the peak. It is wonderful that the building is in 
 so good preservation, for it has once been riven by a 
 thunder-bolt, and while building was rocked by the 
 vibrations of an earthquake. 
 
 The family tradition is, that before the stone house 
 was erected Bull lived in a log hut in the vicinity, 
 and that while the stone house was building and 
 nearly completed, about twelve o'clock at night he 
 and Mrs. Bull were waked up by a rumbling noise 
 and a shaking of the bed and house, which they 
 thought an earthquake, and Mrs. Bull remarked to 
 him, "William, we have lost our new house." On 
 inspecting the building in the morning they found a 
 crack, beginning in the lower part of the first .story, 
 at the east end, which extended up through the 
 second story. This was plastered up and the house 
 
t<3C-C^>tH^ 
 
 His paternal grandfather was Jonalluin, who settled 
 in Orange Coiinly at an early day, and married Hannah 
 Brooks. Their children were John I., Lewis, Oliver, 
 Jane (married Charles Monell, of Goshen, N. Y.), and 
 Benjamin F. 
 
 Oliver was the father of our subject, and was born in 
 October, 1787. Ho married Surah Mathers, daughter of 
 one of the early llevolutionary families of Orange 
 County, and their issue were Alfred, deceased ; Charles 
 M. ; Cornelia A., deceased, wlio became the wife of 
 George W. Stevens, of Susquehanna County, Pa. ; Mary 
 E., wife of George Pierson, of Hamptonburgh ; John 
 I., deceased ; Oliver B. ; Catharine A., widow of Charles 
 W. Post, of Hamptonburgh; Sarah, deceased, became 
 the wife of George W. Beardsley, of Brooklyn, L. I.; 
 David H., a farmer of Hamptonburgh ; Emily F., mar- 
 ried Wm. Brett, a shipping merchant of New York; 
 Hannah, married A. Ferd. Cross, of New York ; and 
 Carrie, married Augustus Brett, a shi]iping merchant 
 of New York. 
 
 Oliver Thompson was a large and successful farmer 
 of Hamptonburgh for many years, and owned several 
 hundred acres of land. He was energetic in his business 
 affairs, and was a man of temperate habits, giving his 
 time almost wholly to his agricultural pursuits and 
 having no desire for official position, though he always 
 performed the full duties of the citizen in town and 
 county matters. He died March 12, 1863. His wife 
 died May 6, 18ijl, at the age of sixty-five years. 
 
 Charles M. Thompson was born in Wallkill (now 
 Hamptonburgh), Dec. 17, 1810. His early life was one 
 
 of labor upon his father's farm, and his education Avas 
 confined to the common schools. For four 3'ears, from 
 1840, ho was connected with the fiouring-niill, plaster- 
 ing-mill, and saw-mill at Brooks' Mills, Hamptonburgh. 
 In 1844 he became a partner with Jennings & Thomp- 
 son, of Goshfn, in a general mercantile and freighting 
 business, which continued until 1846 when he withdrew 
 from the firm, and in 1848 bought the James Strong 
 farm of one hundred and seventy-three acres in Hamp- 
 tonburgh. The following year he moved upon this, 
 where he has since resided. Mr. Thompson has been a 
 farmer by occupation, and is a fitting representative of 
 the agricultural interests of Orange County. 
 
 In 1854 he represented the Second District of Orange 
 County in the New York State Legislature ; and in 
 1855 and 1856, and for fourteen con.secutive years, from 
 1860, represented the town of Hamptonburgh in the 
 board of supervisors, and was chairman of that body in 
 1865, 186'J, and 1873. He is one of the trustees of the 
 Goshen Savings-Bank, and has been a member and 
 one of the trustees of the First Presbyterian Church of 
 Hamptonburgh for many years. 
 
 Mr. Thompson is a man of active mind, and still re- 
 tains an interest in the matters of the town and county 
 of which he has formed a ])art. He niarried Lorinda, 
 daughter of Kobert D. Hunter, of Crawford, May 14, 
 1851, and of this union was born Kobert O. Thompson. 
 She died June 5, 1853. On Feb. 20, 1861, he married 
 Mary A., daughter of John A. Wilbur, of Wallkill, 
 
 I and their children are Charles M., William M., and 
 
 i Marv Jennie. 
 
HAMPTONBURGH. 
 
 653 
 
 finished, and the seam is very observable at this time. 
 Indeed, there has been no time since built when it 
 was not there. This is corroborated by reference to 
 an old work entitled "The Life and Travels of 
 Samuel Bownes, in 1726 and '27." Bownes was an 
 English Quaker and came out to travel and visit his 
 friends in the colonies, and while here attended the 
 yearly meetings through New England. In Septem- 
 ber, 1727, he was attending the yearly meeting in 
 Rhode Island. Speaking of the conclusion of the 
 meeting he says, "This evening as I was going to 
 bed, about ten o'clock at night, there was an exceed- 
 ing great earthquake, that made a noise like driving 
 carts or wagons on an uneven causeway; it continued 
 about two minutes, to the great surprise of the peo;jle. 
 It was felt about fifteen hundred miles as was after- 
 wards computed, and as was thought, by calculation, 
 was not quite three hours going that space." 
 
 William Bull died February, 1755, aged sixty- 
 six. Sarah Wells, his wife, was born April 6, 1694, 
 and died April 21, 1796, aged one hundred and two 
 years and fifteen days. They were buried in the fam- 
 ily yard at Hamptonburgh, in the grounds he gave 
 for the purpose, and known as " Burying Hill." Her 
 children by William Bull were John, born May 3, 
 1721, married Miss Holly, of Goshen ; William, born 
 March 13, 1723, married Miss Booth, of Hampton- 
 burgh ; Sarah, born Sept. 1, 1725, married Charles 
 Booth, of Hamptonburgh ; Thomas, born Dec. 27, 
 1727, married Miss Kerr, of Florida ; Isaac, born Nov. 
 17, 1729, married Miss Mulliner, of Little Britain; 
 Esther, born May 29, 1731, married John Miller, of 
 Montgomery; Mary, born Feb. 3, 1733, married Ben- 
 jamin Booth, of Hamptonburgh ; Margaret, born 
 May 1, 1736, married Horton, of Goshen ; Cath- 
 arine, born May 24, 1738, married James Faulkner, 
 of Wallkill ; Ann, born Nov. 4, 1740, married Wm. 
 Eager, of Neelytown ; Richard, born May 29, 1743, 
 married Miss Budd, of Goshen ; Elinor, born March 
 4, 1745, married Henry Weller, of Montgomery. 
 
 The remarkable longevity of Mrs. Bull served to 
 bring the events of the early settlements clearly to 
 the knowledge of a comparatively late generation. 
 She married, after the death of Wm. Bull, Johannes 
 Miller, one of the earliest settlers of Montgomery. 
 He died in 1782, and she survived him fourteen years. 
 Truly a venerable relic of a former age, surviving in 
 the midst of a wide circle of descendants and mar- 
 riage connections. An orphan girl, — a foster-child, — ■ 
 in her history is exemplified the language of the 
 Bible, " Thou settest the solitary in families." 
 
 The early settlement of this town is further shown 
 in the full and valuable records given in the chapters 
 upon those towns from which it was formed. To these 
 reference must be made for additional names. The 
 early papers in the General History and in the town 
 chapters of Montgcmiery, Wallkill, Cornwall, Bloom- 
 ing-Grove, New Windsor, and Goshen, all throw more 
 or Iciis light upon the settlement of this territory. 
 
 The Christopher Denne place (identical with the 
 Tusten place) is frequently alluded to in these pages. 
 It is occupied by Mrs. G. W. Price. Mrs. Price is 
 a daughter of Ezra Sanford, now living at the age of 
 eighty-seven in Warwick. Her husband (now de- 
 ceased) was from Warwick also, and they settled here 
 on the Tusten farm about 1838. Through her grand- 
 parents, one or both from this neighborhood, she is 
 well informed on the early traditions, and can relate 
 many interesting incidents of those times. 
 
 IV.— ORGANIZATION. 
 
 This town was formed from Goshen, Blooming- 
 Grove, Montgomery, New Windsor, and Wallkill in 
 1830. The following proceedings took place at the 
 first town -meeting, held April 5, 1831 : 
 
 "At the annual town-meeting for ttie town of Hamptonburgh, held at 
 Charles Heards', pursuant to the act erecting said town, April 5, 1831, 
 James D. Bull was appointed clerk of said meeting, pro tent. Hezekiab 
 Watkins and Benjamin Brown were appointed to associate with Morri- 
 son Taylor, Esq., inspectors of said town-meeting, and to conduct the 
 business. The following resolutions were adopted : 
 
 " Resolved, That the next annual towu-meeting be held on the first 
 Tuesday of April next, and that said towu-meeting be held at the house 
 of James Mapes. 
 
 " Hesoh'ed, That there be three assessors for the ensuing year. 
 
 " Reaohcd, That there be three constables for the ensuing year. 
 
 " Remlved, That fence-viewers have one dollar per day. 
 
 " Resolved, That commissioners and inspectors of common schools have 
 one dollar per day for their services. 
 
 " Resolved, That the collector have tliree per cent, for collecting the 
 taxes. 
 
 '* Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to draft by-laws, and 
 that Stephen Ingersoll, Hezekiab Watkins, Jr., John McBride, Henry P. 
 Hopkins be said committee. 
 
 " Resolved, That the sum of S2.'iO be raised for the support of bridges. 
 
 '* Resolved, That every man's yard shall be bis pound. 
 
 "The following persons were elected town officers: 
 
 "Supervisor, Stephen lugeisoll; Town Clerk, Ebenezer Bull; Asses- 
 sors, Capt. William Jackson, John McBride, John Barker; Commission- 
 ers of Highways, Stephen Ingersoll, Hezekiah Watkins, William Jack- 
 son ; Commissioners of Common Schools, Ebeuezer Bull, Robert C. 
 Hunter, Vincent Booth ; Inspectors of Common Schools, James D. Bull, 
 Barto Wright, John McCord; Overseers of the Poor, William Conning, 
 John B. Horton; Collector, Andrew L. McCord ; Justices of the Peace, 
 Henry Pierson, Morrison Taylor, Stephen Ingersoll, Benjamin Brown 
 Constables, Samuel R. Laroe, Edward Drake, Blilton Robertson." 
 
 The road districts were thirty-one in number, and 
 the following overseers were appointed ; and the days' 
 work assessed upon each district are shown by the 
 numbers attached to the names : 
 
 XT Days' 
 
 "°- Work. 
 
 1. Gilbert P. Hopkins 42 
 
 2. Philip Crist liO 
 
 3. Horace Seward 37 
 
 4. William Barker 2:1 
 
 5. Andrew L. McCord 50 
 
 6. Giles Goodrich 13 
 
 7. John B. Horton 29 
 
 .'<. William Heard 19 
 
 'J. Uunisey Coleman 8 
 
 10. Garret Thew 10 
 
 11. Moses T.Hulse 26 
 
 12. Fletcher M. Brooks G2 
 
 13. James Townsend 21 
 
 14. Alexander Scott 17 
 
 l.'H. Samuel Brewster 12 
 
 IT). Benjamin Brown 58 
 
 XI Days* 
 
 ^"^ Wo?k. 
 
 17. Stephen Ingersoll 61 
 
 18. James Strong 80 
 
 19. Henry Pierson 76 
 
 20. Oliver Tliompsou 27 
 
 21. Joshua Thompson 23 
 
 22. Benjamin Mitchell 60 
 
 23. Benjamin llnlse 31 
 
 •24. Vincent Booth 71 
 
 25. John Barker 67 
 
 26. Valentine Hill 2S 
 
 27. Samuel Birdsall 46 
 
 28. Capt. Wm. Jackson 47 
 
 29. Wm. Conning 40 
 
 30. John McCord 30 
 
 31. Dewitt Decker 26 
 
 The following have been the principal town officers 
 from 1830 to 1880 : 
 
65-1 
 
 HISTORY OF OEANGE COUNTY, NEW YOKK. 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1S31-33 Stephen Ingereoll. Ebenezer Bull. 
 
 1834 Benjamiu Brown. Benjamin F. Brvoks. 
 
 I83&-3£ James Strung. " " 
 
 1839-40 Robert C. Hunter. " " , 
 
 1811-43 Hudson Webb. William L. Webb. 
 
 1844 '* " James M. Brown. 
 
 1846-46 Elijah C. Watson. Robert Eobertson. 
 
 1847 ^^■m. Jackson. *' '* 
 
 1848.... John MiBride. •' " 
 
 1849-50 \Vm. Jackson. " " 
 
 1851 Roswell Benedict. Henry F. Brown. 
 
 1852-53 Vincent Booth. . " " 
 
 1854 Hudson Webb. Cromloin Brown. 
 
 185.V-66 Charles M. Thompson. " " 
 
 1857-69 Moses B. Wilkin. " " 
 
 1860-67 Charles M. Thompson. " 
 
 1868-73 " " Benjamin D. Brown. 
 
 1874-75 George Gouge. David H. Booth. 
 
 1876 Henry Seacord. Emmet Helms. 
 
 1877-79 Samuel B. Hill. Frank D. Case. 
 
 1880 David H. Thompson. " 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 1831, Morrison Taylor, Henry Pierson, Stephen Ingersoll, Beiljamin 
 Brown ; 1832, Morrison Taylor; 1833, Henry Pierson; 1S34, Stephen 
 Ingersoll ; lS3.i, Vincent Booth ; 1836, David W. Corwin ; 18:J7, 
 Henry Pierson; 1838, Alexander Scott; 1839, Hudson Webb; 1840, 
 Charles B. Tutbill ; 1841, Joseph Case; 1842, Alexander Scott, Oliver 
 Thompson ; lts43, Hudson Webb ; 1844, Wm. Jackson ; 1845, Benja- 
 min Brown, Abel B. Watkins, Jr.; 1846, Oliver Thompson; 1847, 
 Hudson Webb; 1S4S, Abel B. Watkins, Jr. ; 1849, Edward Dekay ; 
 1850, Wm. Monell: 1851, Hudson Webb: 1852, Abel B. Watkins; 
 1853, Halstead Gurnee; 1854, Wm. Monell, Moses B. Wilkin; 18.i5, 
 Thomas W. Watkins, Moses B. Wilkin ; 1856, Vincent Booth, Albert 
 G. Watkins; 1?;.57, Hudson Webb, Moses B.Wilkin, John M. Monell; 
 1858, John M. Monell, John C. Carpenter; 1859, Daniel T.Brown; 
 1860, Moses B. Wilkin ; 1861, Hudson Webb ; 1802, John M. Monell ; 
 1863, Daniel T. Brown ; 1864, Joseph C. Eager ; 1865, Hudson Webb ; 
 1866, John M. Monell; 1867, Daniel T. Brown; 1868, John Brown ; 
 1869, George Pieraon, Samuel B. Hill ; 1870, S,amuel B. Hill ; 1871, 
 Daniel T.Brown; 1872, John Brown; 1873, George Piei-son ; 1874, 
 Samuel B. Hill, Joseph C. Eager; 1875, Daniel T. Brown, Joseph C. 
 Eager; 1871), Joseph C. Eager; 1877, John M. Monell; 1878, David 
 H. Booth, George Pierson ; 1879, George Pierson, Daniel T. Brown ; 
 1880, Joseph C. Eager, Stephen I. Webb. 
 
 V.-VIIiLAGES. 
 
 CAMPBELL HALL 
 
 is situated very nearly in the centre of tlie town, and 
 
 is a station on the Wallkill Valley Railroad. Mr. 
 
 Eager says of this place, — 
 
 "It was formerly the residence of Col. Campbell, and received its name 
 in true English style. Col. Campbell was a Scotchman. His daughter, 
 Mrs. Margaret Eustace, wife of Dr. Eustace, is mentioned by Mr. Eager 
 as the lady who had few equals in dignity of manner, good sense, and 
 lady-like deportment. Gen. Eustace, of the Revolutionary army of 
 France, was a son of Dr. Eustace. B<»th he and his mother are said to 
 have died in the vicinity of Newburgh sixty to seventy years ago." 
 
 In this connection we give the following paper: 
 The story of Campbell Hall is well worthy of pres- 
 ervation. " Capt. Lachlin Campbell, of the isle of 
 Islay, in North Britain," says Judge Jones, in his re- 
 cently published " History of New York during the 
 Revolutionary War," " encouraged by a proclamation 
 issued by George Clark, Esq., then (1737) Lieutenant- 
 Governor of New York, with the advice of His 
 Majesty's Council promising 30,000 acres of land ad- 
 joining Lake George to any person who would under- 
 take the immediate settlement of it, came to New 
 York, viewed the land, and liked it much. He was 
 begged by the Indians to settle there ; they were 
 struck and delighted with his Highland dress. The 
 grant was promised in a public advertisement signed 
 
 by the Lieutenant-Governor himself. It was to be 
 free of all charges, the king's quit-rents and the fees 
 of surveying excepted. The faith of the government 
 thus pledged, Campbell thought himself safe, re- 
 turned to Scotland, sold his estate there, and at liis 
 own expense transported to New York 83 Protestant 
 families, consisting of 483 men, besides women and 
 children.* Private faith and public honor demanded 
 the performance of a promise so solemnly made, to 
 an undertaking so expensive to himself and so benefi- 
 cent to the colony. It, however, failed." 
 
 The Lieutenant-Governor, notwithstanding his 
 promise, together with Cadwallader Colden, James 
 Alexander, and Philip Livingston, Esq., three of the 
 Council, insisted each upon a share in the grant. 
 Campbell, who was a man of spirit, would by no 
 means consent. The letters patent were refused. 
 Campbell applied to the General Assembly. They 
 had no jurisdiction or power in matters of this kind. 
 He then applied to the Board of Trade. This he 
 found too expensive. He therefore left his immi- 
 grants to themselvest (one of whom, John McDou- 
 gal, was the father of Gen. Alexander McDougal of 
 the American Revolution), and with the small re- 
 mains of his fortune purchased a farm in Ulster (now 
 (.Grange) County, built a house, and gave it the name 
 of Campbell Hall. 
 
 He was active, loyal, and spirited. When he heard 
 of the rebellion in 1745 he took up his broadsword, 
 went to New York, embarked for England, went to 
 Scotland, served as a volunteer under the Duke of 
 Cumberland, signalized himself in the battle of Cul- 
 loden, saw the rebellion at an end and bis native 
 country at peace. He then returned to New York, 
 went to Campbell Hall, and shortly after died. In 
 regard to the descendants of Capt. Campbell very 
 little is known to the writer of this article. He ap- 
 pears to have had sons Donald, George, James, and 
 daughters Rose, Lily, and Margaret (Mrs. Eustace). 
 The latter had one son. Gen. J. J. Eustace, referred 
 to by Mr. Eager. 
 
 Of the oldest, Donald, Judge Jones writes : " Donald 
 was born at the Hall. He was a youth when his father 
 died. There were several children, the estate not 
 large. Donald was therefore apprenticed to a mer- 
 chant in New York. When his time was out he 
 went several voyages as a supercargo to the West 
 Indies. By this means he made some money. When 
 the war of 1755 broke out he was living in New York, 
 and doing some little business in a mercantile way. 
 In 1756, Lord John Murray's Highland Regiment ar- 
 rived. Among the officers Donald found several re- 
 lations. He was young, active, and sprightly. He 
 
 * By a petitioQ on file at Albany, it appears the immigrants came in 
 three ships in 1738-40. — Land Papers, xvi., page 142. 
 
 t So far as this relates to Capt. Campbell it is correct. After his death, 
 however, a grant of 47,450 acres was made to eighty-three of the families 
 who accompanied him. This grant was made May 21, 1764, and consti- 
 tuted the town of Argyle, Washington Co. 
 
j) i^f^t^u^^^U^^^T^^lvU^ 
 
 Daniel H. Bull is a lineal dcsceiKlant of 
 William Bull, who was born iu England in 
 1689, and came to this country when a young 
 man. By trade he was a mason, and built the 
 old stone house in liamptonburgh known as the 
 "Bidl Homestead" about 1720. Sarah Wells, 
 the first white \voman who came to Goshen 
 township, was his wife, and it is from this an- 
 cestry tliat most of the people in the United 
 States who bear the name of Bull are descended. 
 
 Their descendants in the first generation were 
 John, William, Sandi, Thomas, Isaac, Esther, 
 Mary, INlargaret, C-atheriue, Ann, Richard, and 
 Eleanor. These children married and reared 
 large families, and John, who was l)orn in 1721 
 on the homestead, was the grandfather of the 
 subject of tiiis sketch. 
 
 His wife was Haiuiah Holly, of Goshen, and 
 they had children, — Ebenezer, Sarah, Elizabeth, 
 Mary, William, Samuel, John, Richard, Daniel, 
 Esther, and Crisse. 
 
 Richard, who was born in 1 762, was the father 
 of Daniel H. Bull. On April 12, 1800, he 
 married Lena Harlow, and settled in Chester, 
 at the Sugar Loaf Valley. He lived there as a 
 fai-mer and miller until his death, on Jan. 5, 
 1846. Here also his children were born, — 
 Hannah (deceased), Jesse (whose l)iographical 
 sketch appears under the history of the town 
 of Blooming-Grove), James, Harvey, Daniel H., 
 Ira, and Charles W. (deceased). 
 
 ) Daniel H. Bidl was born at tlie homestead, 
 Dec. 11, 1806. He was early taught by his 
 father habits of industry on the farm and in 
 the mill, and his educational advantages were 
 confined to the .schools of his native town. 
 
 On Jau. 8, 1840, he married Mary Ann, 
 daughter of Nathaniel and Mary (Kingsland) 
 
 ' Board, of New Jersey, and of this union were 
 born Harriet, who died Aug. 27, 1865, at the 
 age of twenty-four years; Mary B., married 
 
 ; John W. Harlow, a farmer of Wallkili; Sarah, 
 died Aug. 6, 1865, at the age of twenty-cue 
 
 I years; Anna L., who lives at home; Charles 
 W., who died Aug. 23, 1865, in the nineteenth 
 year of his age; and Richard, who lives at 
 home. 
 
 The year after his marriage ^Ir. Bull left the 
 homestead, and purchasing two hundred acres 
 of land of James D. Bull, in the townsliip of 
 Hamptonburgh, moved upon it. There he has 
 since resided, giving his attention and energies 
 to his farm and fireside. He can see the result 
 of his industry; and his life, though unassum- 
 ing, has been active and honest. Mr. Bull is 
 a member of the Orange County Agricultural 
 Society, and pays some attention to stock-raising. 
 He and his wife are members of the Hamp- 
 tonburgh Presbyterian Church, and there the 
 family attend. He is a fitting representative of 
 a successful agriculturist in the fourth generation 
 of his paternal ancestor, William Bull. 
 
HAMPTONBUKGH. 
 
 655 
 
 quitted tlie business of a merchant, entered as a vol- 
 unteer in tliis regiment, and served in a campaign or 
 two. Wliether he was ever promoted in this regi- 
 ment I know not, but we find liim a lieutenant in the 
 Royal Americans at Quebec after its reduction in 
 1759. Upon the conclusion of the peace of 1763 
 Donald was reduced to half-pay, went to England, 
 and presented a memorial to the crown, setting forth 
 his father's sufterings, loyalty, and ill-usage, and 
 praying a compensation for himself and family. The i 
 memorial was referred and recommended to the Gov- , 
 ernor of New York. Gen. Monkton, then Governor, 
 laid it before his Council, who advised a grant of land. 
 Letters patent were therefore issued, granting to 
 Donald, as the eldest son, 20,000 acres of land, and 
 to his mother, sisters, and brothers 20,000 acres more.* 
 His business completed be returned to England, and, 
 jiretending a relationship to the Duke of Argyle, 
 Lord Loudon, and other heads of the Campbell 
 family, he lived high, kept good company, and fre- 
 quented all places of diversion. The result was that 
 he was obliged to return to New York, where he 
 mortgaged his estates to pay liis debts. 
 
 " He was in New York when the rebellion (1775) 
 broke out, and having little or nothing to lose, and 
 much perhaps to gain, he entered heartily into the 
 American cause. He was appointed deputy quarter- 
 master in the American army, went with Montgomery 
 into Canada, was at the siege of St. John's, at Mon- 
 treal when it surrendered, and at Quebec. It is not 
 known that he was otherwise actively engaged in the 
 war. His half-pay from Great Britain was of course 
 taken from him. He retired into the country, where 
 he lived until his death. George, his brother, was a 
 lieutenant in an old English regiment in America dur- 
 ing the war of 1755. He afterwards went to India in 
 a military station. When the rebellion broke out he 
 returned to New York and became a lieutenant-colo- 
 nel in Fanning's corps. Upon the reduction of Geor- 
 gia by the British he went there, raised a regiment of 
 horse, served during the war, and retired from the 
 English army on half-pay of a lieutenant-colonel." 
 
 From this statement it will be seen that Campbell 
 Hall is directly connected with some of the most im- 
 portant periods in European and American history. 
 It was a fighting family literally, and for three gener- 
 ations at least maintained its reputation. 
 
 * Judge Jones says that at the time of the graDtiDg of this land 
 Ponald Campbell had a brotlier, George, two sisters, and a mother 
 living. The petition on file at Albany (Jan. 5, 1763) contains the names 
 of Donald, George, and James, while the grant recites the names of 
 Donald Campbell, George Campbell, James Campbell, Rose Graham, 
 Margaret Kuetace, Lily Murray, and Allen Campbell, Jr., who together 
 received 10,000 acres of Saratoga lands. An order of the king in coun- 
 cil, May 13, 1764, gave Donald Campbell 30,000 acres additional, and Oct. 
 18, 1765, he received 2000 acres for his services as lieutenant in the Sev- 
 enty-seventh Regiment. The grant of 1763 was extended (1772) to Don- 
 ald Campbell, George Campbell, James Campbell, Rose Graham, Margaret 
 Bustace, and Lily Murray, for 30,000 acres. In 1790, Donald, with the 
 rank of colonel, claimed bounty-lands from New York for his services in 
 the Revolution, and receive I oU<x) acres, now part of Peru, Clinton Co, 
 
 A post-office was established at Campbell Hall Jan. 
 30, 1869, and B. F. Decker was appointed postmas- 
 ter. He has been the only incumbent of the office. 
 Other business at this point maybe mentioned, as the 
 store of B. F. Decker ; tin-shop of F. D. Case ; black- 
 smith- and wagon-shop of F. Case; the creamery of 
 David H. Thompson ; the new creamery now being 
 erected by the Farmers' Association ; the railroad 
 business, E. Helms, station agent. It is understood 
 that the extension of the New York, Ontario and 
 Western Railroad from Cornwall to Middletown is to 
 pass near Campbell Hall, thus securing increased rail- 
 road facilities for this town. 
 
 HAMPTONBUKGH 
 is directly south of Campbell's Hall, and is the site 
 of the settlement made by William Bull, as already 
 stated. It is only four miles from Goshen, leaving 
 but little trade or business to develop a village at that 
 point. The one church of the town is located here, 
 and with its parsonage constitutes the most important 
 feature. There is a hotel by A. E. Hulse ; a black- 
 smith-shop by the Rose Brothers, and a creamery 
 owned by D. H. Thompson. There was formerly a 
 store here, but there is none at the present time. 
 
 The old stone house where William Bull lived is a 
 short distance from the village, and also the beautiful 
 rounded hill where is located the early graveyard. 
 A fine farming country lies round about this point. 
 
 NEELYTOWN 
 is the old and well-known neighborhood on both sides 
 of the town line, — Montgomery and Hamptonburgh. 
 
 BURNSIDE 
 
 is a hamlet on the Otterkill, in the east part of the 
 
 town, near the line of New Windsor. The place has 
 
 been known as Otterville, but the name of Burnside 
 
 beiug given to the post-office will gradually supersede 
 
 the older name. There is at this place the grist-mill 
 
 of Charles Rose, also a saw-mill owned by him, and 
 
 a distillery by O. P. Hinckley. Charles Rose also has 
 
 a store. 
 
 KIPP'S 
 
 is on the line of Goshen, and is a milk station upon 
 the railroad. It also affords an opportunity for pas- 
 sengers to leave or take the cars in that neighborhood. 
 
 PURGATORY 
 is about one mile east of the Heard farm. In early 
 times there was a dismal swamp of considerable ex- 
 tent, through which ran a small sluggish stream. Over 
 this there was a log bridge with a causeway on each 
 side. The name is said to have been bestowed by 
 Peter Bull a.s a proper descriptive term of this dubi- 
 ous locality. Older residents who remember what a 
 difficult road this was to travel, how easy it was to 
 get into this place but how difficult to emerge in 
 safety, appreciated the force of the name better than 
 the present generation can. 
 
656 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 PARADISE 
 
 was the sunny slope wliere Peter Bull above men- 
 tioned lived. In hi.s mind it was so pleasant a home, 
 and the seat of so much enjoyment, that he denomi- ! 
 nated it Paradise, as in the strongest possible con- 
 trast with the dismal region beyond. 
 
 LAGRANGE 
 is the pleasant name bestowed upon the place which 
 formerly bore the unpoetical designation of Goose- 
 town. This old name originated in the fact that a 
 large number of geese were raised in that neighbor- 
 hood, and it clung to the place long after the geese 
 had mostly disappeared. It was only removed by 
 holding a formal town-meeting and deliberately se- 
 lecting the new name in honor of General Lafayette. 
 This did the work effectually, and the older name 
 now lives only in the chronicles of the p.ast, or on the 
 irreverent lips of some scoffer. There is a hotel at 
 the present time, J. P. Monell, proprietor. 
 
 The greatest celebrity of Lagrange results from the 
 location there of the stock farm of Charles Backman. 
 Here are kept some of the best horses in Orange 
 County, or in the United States. The number of 
 horses at this splendid establishment often rises to 
 three hundred. The place is much visited by lovers 
 of the turf. Not far away, near the banks of the 
 Wallkill, is a race-course. 
 
 DECKER'S 
 is a small settlement in a beautiful part of the country 
 on the road from Washingtonville to Goshen. Here 
 the Messrs. Decker erected their manufactory, and 
 from them the name is given to the locality. Settle- 
 ment began in this vicinity as early perhaps as 1730, 
 for soon after this, in 1744, it was a missionary station 
 under the care of the London Missionary Society, with 
 New Windsor and St. Andrew's. At that time it was 
 called St. David's Corners, that being the name of 
 the church located there. The building was put up 
 after 1770, but never finished, and during the Revo- 
 lutionary war was used as a hospital by the American 
 forces. Shortly after that it was partly blown over, 
 never rebuilt, and allowed to go to decay. Vincent 
 Matthews was an early patron of this church, and 
 after him Jonathan Brooks greatly aided it. John 
 I. Brooks, of Blooming-Grove, in later years, and 
 Fletcher M. Brooks, of Hamptonburgh, were de- 
 scendants of the last-named gentleman. This place 
 is now acquiring the name of Lincolndale. There is 
 not, however, much to constitute a village'. 
 
 VI.— SCHOOLS. 
 
 The following persons served as school commis- 
 sioners one or more years each during the period from 
 the organization of the town to 1844 : Ebenezer Bull, 
 Robert C. Hunter, Vincent Booth, Capt. William 
 Jackson, Hudson Webb, Bartow Wright, Elijah C. 
 Watson, David W.Corwin, William L. Webb. During 
 
 the same period the following persons served as in- 
 spectors of schools one or more years each : James 
 D. Bull, Bartow Wright, John McCord, Hezekiah 
 Watkins, John Payne, Hudson Webb, Benjamin 
 Brown, Elijah C. Watson, Oliver B. Tuthill, William 
 L. Webb, J.ames S. Tuthill, Robert C. Hunter. 
 
 The system of supervision by town superintend-euts 
 commenced in 1844, and continued until town super- 
 vision ceased and all ofiicial control of the schools 
 passed to the district commissioners. The town 
 superintendents of Hamptonburgh were as follows : 
 1844-1(3, Bartow Wright; 1847-50, A. B. Watkins, 
 Jr. ; 18.51-5.'i, Daniel T. Brown. 
 
 School districts in the town at the time of the or- 
 ganization : No. 1, Hamptonburgh ; No. 2, Otterkill ; 
 No. 3, Bushkirks ; No. 4, Bloomingdale; No. 5, Neely- 
 towu ; No. 6, Lagrange. 
 
 Two or three yeare later: No. 1, Hamptonburgh; 
 No. 2, Otterkill; No. 3, Little Britain; No. 4, 
 Bloomingdale; No. 5, Neelytown ; No. 6, Lagrange; 
 No. 7, Poverty Hollow. 
 
 VII.— CHURCHES. 
 
 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF HAMPTON- 
 BURGH.* 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Hamptonburgh is the 
 legal successorof the late "Associate Reformed Church 
 of Hamptonburgh," and through it of the old "Asso- 
 ciate Church of Neelytown." It is impossible now to 
 ascertain the exact date of the organization of the 
 church of Neelytown. The nearest approach we can 
 make to it is, that about the year 1765 or '67 a number 
 of families left the Presbyterian Church of Goodwill 
 and made application to the Associate Presbytery of 
 Pennsylvania to be taken under its care and organized 
 into a church. 
 
 The following names represent some of the earliest 
 families connected with this church : William Eager, 
 Thomas Beatty, James Wilkin, William Young, James 
 McCobb, John Douglass, William Bull, James Bull, 
 Samuel McCord, James Morrison, John ^1. Williams, 
 David Miller, Andrew Wilson, John Hall, David El- 
 liot, David Crawford, John Monell, Wm. Jackson, 
 John McBride, Wm. Booth, Charles Booth, Wm. 
 Conning, Samuel Wood. 
 
 April 15, 1767, a call was made out for the pastoral 
 services of the Rev. Robert Annan, and on Oct. 2, 
 1772, he was installed pastor of the united congre- 
 gation of Little Britain and Wallkill, or Neelytown. 
 Mr. Annan continued to be the pastor of the Neely- 
 town Church until 1783, when he removed to Boston. 
 
 In 1769 half an acre of ground was purchased of 
 William Eager for "five pounds lawful currency of 
 the Province of New York," and on it was erected 
 the first house of worship occupied by the congrega- 
 tion. That building was described by one who 
 often worshiped in it as "a wooden structure just in- 
 
 * By the pastor. 
 
y 
 
 iBW *ate<^ '"Wi'^ 
 
 VINCENT BOOTH. 
 
 His great-grandfather, George Booth, came 
 fVoni SoiitlioUl, L. I., and settled in Orange 
 County in 1741. Benjamin Bootii was tiie son 
 of George, and lie married Sarah Bull, daugiiter 
 of William Bull and Sarah Wells, and was 
 among the early tillers of the soil in the county. 
 Thomas, who was a farmer by occupation, was 
 one of their children. He married Jane Barker, 
 of South Carolina, and their issue were Jesse, 
 John (who was a prominent lawyer of Goshen, 
 surrogate of Orange County, and died in Iowa), 
 Vincent, Nancy (who married Washington 
 Wood, of Newburgh), Amelia (who married 
 Joseph Slaughter), and Louisa (deceased). 
 
 Thomas Booth died on the homestead, in 
 Haraptonburgh, Oct. 3, 1824. 
 
 Vincent Booth, our subject, was born on the 
 homestead in 1794 ; spent his early life at home, 
 and attended the schools of his native place. 
 Following the inclinations of his ancestors, he 
 engaged in farming, and also managed a milling 
 business. On Feb. 9, 1826, he married Mary 
 A., daughter of William and Sarah (Booth) 
 Conning, a descendant of one of the early 
 
 families of the county, and spent his life on the 
 homestead of one hundred and forty acres, 
 located in Hamptonburgh (forinerly a part ot' 
 Goshen). 
 
 Mr. Booth took an active interest in the pub- 
 lic matters of his town, represented it in the 
 board of supervisors in 1852 and 18o."5, and 
 was a justice of the peace of his township for 
 two terms. Agricultural and stock matters 
 always found in him a friend, and he was a 
 stockholder of the Erie and of the Montgomery 
 and Erie Railways. 
 
 He was a man of strong convictions and 
 houesty of purpose. The Goshen Independent 
 Republican, in its obituary notice of him, said: 
 " That he was a man of sterling principles, strict 
 integrity, and had left a name which calumny 
 could neither dishonor or tarnish. Social and 
 hospitable, his door was ever open to the calls 
 of his friends and neighbors, and that few men 
 in his community would be more missed from 
 the walks of private life." 
 
 He died Nov. 1, 1871, his wife surviving 
 him. 
 
HAMPTONBURGH. 
 
 657 
 
 closed, or weather-boarded, tlie floors not plowed and 
 grooved, and, in the course of years, much shrunken. 
 The cold in winter was intolerable. Some of the 
 females had foot-stoves; but there was no other arti- 
 ficial heat in the house." The house in which the 
 first pastor lived was pleasantly situated on the banks 
 of the Wallkill. It is still occupied and in a good state 
 of preservation. 
 
 After Mr. Annan left, the church continued vacant 
 for thirteen years, receiving occasional supplies from 
 the Associate Reformed Presbytery of New York, 
 with which it had become connected. 
 
 In December, 1796, the Rev. John McJimsey was 
 installed pastor of the church. Mr. McJimsey was 
 born in York Co., Pa., Aug. 18, 1772. He continued 
 to be the pastor of the church until the year 1809, 
 when he removed to Albany, having accepted a call 
 from the Associate Reformed Church of that city. 
 
 Again, for a period of ten years, the church was 
 vacant, during which time it received only occasional 
 supplies of preaching from the New York Presbytery. 
 At the close of that period, Dr. McJimsey, at the call 
 of the church, resumed his pastoral labors among 
 them, and continued until 1832, when he resigned his 
 charge. In 1830 the congregation thought it expedi- 
 ent to change the site of their church building from 
 Neelytown to Campbell Hall, about two miles to the 
 southwest. A beautiful grove was selected crowning 
 the top of a gentle hill on the banks of the Otter- 
 kill, and there a large and commodious house was 
 erected, which, in February, 1832, was dedicated to 
 the worship of God. At the same time the name of 
 the church was changed from the " Associate Re- 
 formed Church of Neelytown" to the " Associate Re- 
 formed Church of Hainptonburgh." 
 
 The next pastor of the church was the Rev. Mal- 
 colm N. McLaren, who was installed at the church in 
 Campbell Hall on Oct. 1, 1833. He resigned his office 
 Aug. 15, 1843. 
 
 After the retirement of Mr. McLaren the church 
 determined to change its ecclesiastical connection, 
 and on application was received, at the close of the 
 year 1843, under the care of the Presbytery of Hud- 
 son, in connection with the General Assembly of the 
 Presbyterian Church (Old School). The Rev. James 
 R. Johnston, of the Presbytery of Hudson, was in- 
 stalled pastor of the church on Nov. 19, 1844. A 
 minority of the church desiring to continue in con- 
 nection with the Associate Reformed body, were left in 
 possession of the church building at Campbell Hall, 
 and of the parsonage, which had been erected a few 
 years previous, at the rear of the church, on a plot of 
 ground containing about two acres, the gift of Mr. 
 Vincent Booth. Two pastors, tlie Rev. Mr. Kimball, 
 and, after his retirement, the Rev. Mr. Gillespie, min- 
 istered to the few families who composed the church. 
 But the numbers gradually diminished until, in the 
 course of a few years, the church dissolved, and the 
 building itself was removed. Its former site is now 
 
 occupied by the district school-house. In the course 
 of the summer of 1846 the majority of the congrega- 
 tion erected a new church and parsonage in Hamp- 
 tonhurgh, about a mile to the south of Campbell Hall. 
 In this church the congregation still worships. Thus 
 in the course of seventy-five years the congregation 
 erected three houses of worship and two parsonages. 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Johnston resigned his pastoral office 
 in the autumn of 1849. After a vacancy of a few 
 mouths the church made out a call for the pastoral 
 services of the Rev. S. C. Hepburn, of the Presbytery 
 of Northumberland, Pa. Pie accepted the call, and 
 was installed pastor July 2, 1850. This pastorate 
 still continues. 
 
 It is impossible for us now to ascertain the names 
 of the first elders of this church, as no records have 
 come down to us of an earlier date than 1808. The 
 following were ruling elders during the pastorate of 
 Dr. McJimsey, viz. : James Morrison, William Bull, 
 Andrew McCord, Samuel Wood, James Bull, Abra- 
 ham Wilkin, William Bull, Jr., Capt. Andrew Wil- 
 son, James D. Bull, and Thomas D. Wilkin. Alexan- 
 der Boyd, John B. Horton, John C. Wilber, and Spen- 
 cer Horton were elected under the pastorate of Mr. 
 McLaren, Mr. Charles Young under that of Mr. 
 Johnston, and Ahiel Decker, William B. Vail, James 
 Hawkins, and George W. Ackerly under that of Mr. 
 Hepburn. 
 
 A Sabbath-school was established in connection 
 with this church in the year 1828, and has continued 
 until this day with unabated interest and efficiency. 
 The various benevolent enterprises in which the 
 Presbyterian Church is engaged have for many years 
 past received the stated contributions of this church. 
 A " Woman's Missionary Association" was organized 
 in March, 1880, and the large attendance at its monthly 
 meetings, and its liberal contributions to the cause of 
 home and foreign missions, aflbrd gratifying evidence 
 of the interest felt in these great causes by the ladies 
 of the church. 
 
 The present officers of the church are : Pastor, Rev. 
 S. C. Hepburn ; ruling elders, Charles Young, William 
 B. Vail, James Hawkins, and George W. Ackerly ; 
 trustees, Charles M. Thompson, Joseph C. Eager, 
 James Hawkins, Emmet Harlow, Micah Hawkins, 
 George Pierson, Stephen I. Webb, Benj. F. Decker, 
 and James Clark ; number of church members, 135 ; 
 Sunday-school scholars, 50; Sunday-school oflicers 
 and teachers, 8. 
 
 ST. DAVID'S CHURCH OF HAMPTONBURGH (EPIS- 
 COPAL) 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation April, 1832. 
 The meeting was held at the school-house near 
 Decker's Corners; Rev. Nathan Kingsbury, rector of 
 the church, presided, and the following officers were 
 chosen : Peter W. Welling and Walter Halsey, war- 
 dens; Hezekiah Watkins, Abel B. Watkins, Henry 
 Pierson, Je.«se Hulse, John Decker, Samuel Brewster, 
 
658 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Midiis T. Hulse, Peter AVellinjr, vestrymen. This wius 
 loeiited at wliiit is kown as Lincolnilalc, mid was an 
 attempt ti) eontiniio the organization of early times. 
 The new movement was not a snccess. 
 
 Witliin tiie past few mouths (1880) services by an 
 Episcopal clergyman have been held in the school- 
 house, which occupies the site of old St. David'^ 
 church, and those interested in Episcopal services 
 liope to restore the woi-ship of the earlier times on 
 the same site or near there. For a full and valuable 
 paper upon t^t. David's Uhureh, see chapter upon the 
 general religious history of the county. 
 
 THE METIIOIU.-^T EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF OTTER- 
 VlI-l.E 
 
 eftected a legal organization Jan. 1, 1S.57. The pro- 
 ceedings were signed by Thomas Giles and James 
 Laughlin. The trustees chosen were Thomas Giles, 
 James Laughlin, and Stephen P. Flunkley. This re- 
 lates to the work of the Methodist Church along, the 
 eastern border of Hamptonburgh, but was not con- 
 tinued so as to be the foundation of any church in 
 this town. 
 
 VIII.-BURIAIiPLACES. 
 The principal cemetery is near the old family man- 
 sion of the pioneer William Bull. It contains tlie 
 remains of the earliest pioneers in this vicinity. It has 
 been kept in very good preservation and is still in 
 use. In Neclytown, three miles north, is another old 
 burial-phue, and also one of later years. At Lincoln- 
 dale ^better known as Decker's Cornersi is an old 
 cemetery, dating back like the others to the early 
 years of settlement, the remnants of old St. David's 
 Cemetery. The Tuthill family lot wasnear the present 
 residence of Horace Tuthill. Some of the remains 
 have been removed, and a portion of the ground has 
 been reduced to cultivation. A few graves, however, 
 remain. The old stone for the pioneer Freegitl Tut- 
 hill is still to be seen, bearing the initials F. T. and 
 the date of death. 
 
 IX.-SOCIETIES. 
 At Campbell Hall there lias been maiutained for 
 some years a grange of the order of Patrons of Hus- 
 bandry. The new creamery now being built near 
 Campbell Hall is owned by a " Farmers' Associa- 
 tion." Other societies are the ordinary benevolent, 
 social, and religious associations which usually e.\ist 
 in connection with church-work or for charitable ob- 
 jects. The town is in such close connection with 
 Goshen that members of Masonic or other similar 
 bodies doubtless belong to organizations in that place. 
 
 they celebrate in an appropriat<> manner the settle- 
 ment of their ancestoi-s and recount the romantic 
 story of the wilderness, — the march, the settlement, 
 the marriage. 
 
 TIIK r.ri.L HO.MESTE.\D. 
 
 The t)tterkill at "Tusten's Bridge"' is the one spot 
 around which clusters the romance of the early settle- 
 ment by Christopher Denne. Standing upon this 
 bridge one may let imagination wander back "at its 
 own sweet will" to the pioneer settlers. 
 
 The (^tterkill, now a comparatively small stream, 
 was then of larger volume, like other streams before 
 the primeval forest was cut away, and being swollen 
 by a freshet was of considerable breadth. In the pres- 
 ent young orchard on the Ryersou farm we must sup- 
 pose the party to have lialted for the night, and that 
 there was the hastily built wigwam in which they 
 slept. 
 
 Crossing the stream the next morning, a log house 
 was jiartially constructed so as to be occupied that 
 night. Tradition points to the spring, now covered 
 with a snuiU rough shed, and a heap of stones near, as 
 the site of this first house. It is in the field opposite 
 the present Price residence and near to the Otterkill. 
 There is the place where the arrival of Christopher 
 Denne and wife met with such a grand reception the 
 same afternoon, where the supplies were unpacked 
 and the country taken possession of in the name of 
 the proprietors of the Wawayanda Patent. 
 
 Well may the bridge, marking all this scene so 
 definitely, and bearing also the name of Denne's suc- 
 cessors, the Tustens, father and son. be a historic 
 landmark in Hamptonburgh. The subsequent more 
 permanent residence was erected where Mrs. Price 
 now resides, and that is the homestead where Dr. Tus- 
 ten letl his family to obey the call to arms, and to 
 perish on the field of Minisink. 
 
 THE STONE HOU.<E, 
 already described at Hamptonburgh, is the other 
 prominent historic memorial of the early times. It 
 is in good preservation. The solid walls, the new 
 slate roof, the old strong doors, the general outline, 
 all give it an interesting appearance. 
 
 X.— PLACES OP HISTORIC INTEREST. 
 These are tully brought out in the story of Chris- 
 topher Denne's settlement and that of William Bull. 
 To the numerous descendants of Sarah Wells, Hamp- 
 tonburgh is a place of annual pilgrimage. There 
 
 XI.-INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. 
 .\griculture is the chief business of the people of 
 Hamptonburgh, and the town has a succession of fine 
 farms, constituting a beautiful country, rich and pro- 
 ductive. All the grains common to this -section can 
 be produced in abundance, yet the milk business 
 takes precedence of all others. In the town there 
 are four creameries, two, already mentioned in con- 
 nection with the villages, by D. W. Thompson (Camp- 
 bell Hall and Hamptonburgh i : Harlow's, about two 
 miles from Hamptonburgh; and one by A. Tower, a 
 mile and a half east of Campbell Hall. The facili- 
 ties for shipment are convenient, and this quiet rural 
 town, through the complete railroad system of the 
 
\J-^!>cpf't^u^t-^ Q_y tJa^t^i^C^^ 
 
 Dkiiuick Smith, tlu- i;'r(Mt-gri\nilfiit1icr of tlii! subject 
 of this skutoli, C'liiiH! froiM Uliisijow, Scotlund, Hiiil settled 
 in Orange Cmiiity about 1 750. llo liero miii-ried lliinnah 
 Gale, and Daniel, wlio was born Nov. 1, 1703, was their 
 son. He married Tabitha, daughter of Solomon and 
 Tabithn (Watkins) Tuttlc, and they had children, — 
 Grunt, Derrick, Harriot, Nathan, Martha, Hilia Ann, 
 Ale.Minder, lehabod Ij., and Daniel, all of whom arc 
 dead e.\cept Martha, who lives in Western New York, 
 and Alexander, who was born April 10, 1803, and lives 
 in Ilamptonburgh. Daniel Smith settled upon one 
 hundred and seventy acres of land in wliat was then 
 Wallkill (now llamptonburgh) in 180.'!i, and there spent 
 the remainder of his life following agricultural pursuits. 
 This property has since been tho Smith homestead, 
 passing from Daniel to Grant Smith, who was born 
 Dec. 21, 1788. His wife was Miriam, daughter of Jesse 
 Smith, whom he man ied Jan. 30, 1811. Jesse Smith 
 was born Oct. 17, 1758, married Klizabeth Ansely, and 
 rearc^d a family "I eleven (hillren, of whom Miriam 
 was tlic fourth. Ho was a soldier in the Kovolutionary 
 war, and lived the life of a farmer in Orange County, 
 where ho died. Grant Smith, tlie father of Solomon 
 T., lived on the lioniestcad, served in the war of 1812, 
 and was a loading business man and farmer inliistown. 
 Of this union were boi'u Sarah Jane, married John M. 
 Miller, of Wallkill, and resides in Indiana ; Solomon T. ; 
 William A., a farmer of Wisconsin, who married 
 Martha Watkins, of Orange County; Elizabeth, mar- 
 ried Kicliard S. Denton, of Vernon, N. J. ; and Harriot, 
 who became llio wife of Henry B. Smith, and, after his 
 decease, of his brother, Nathaniel D. (Jrant Smith 
 
 ilicd Sept. 20, 182'.). Miriam, his wife, was u woman 
 of more than ordinary ability and energy. Loft by the 
 death of hor husband with the sole caro and control of 
 five children, she retained pesscssion of tho homestead, 
 and instilled into their minds when young tho impor- 
 tant lessons of industry and self-reliance which enabled 
 them to become useful men and women. Until within 
 a few years of her death, which occurred Nov. 17, 
 1878, at the ago of oiglily-eight years, she had been 
 unusmilly active, and retained hor mental faculties to 
 a remarkable degree. 
 
 Solomon T. Smith was born on tho homestead, Jan. 
 10, 1S15. The common schools gave him his educa- 
 tion, and to his mother he owes the early discipline 
 of mind and muscle which developed into tho useful 
 citixen and tho good farmer. By inlieritanco and pur- 
 chase lie obtained tho homestead, and there his life was 
 spent. 
 
 Mr. Smith was a man of good morals, temperate 
 habits, and successful in his business alVairs. Oftentimes 
 his judgment was desired in the valuation of real estate, 
 and his counsels wore always judicious. Ho was in- 
 ditTcrent to official position, and was more content with 
 the duties of private life, always meeting his engage- 
 ments with promptitude. For nniny years hu was a 
 member of the (ioshon Presbyterian Church, and thern 
 his family attended. 
 
 His wife was Mary, dunghter of Wiekham and Cath- 
 arine Tutlle, whom he married Nov. 20, 18.'j0, and their 
 children wore Wiekham T., who is tho fourth generation 
 on tho homestead, and Martha, deceased. Ho died Nov. 
 27, 187»;. His wife (lied April 7, 1870. 
 
MINISINK. 
 
 659 
 
 county, is in close connection with the New York 
 markets. 
 
 XII.-MILITAKY. 
 
 In its separate cajtacity the town has no military 
 liistory prior to the war of the Rebellion. As a small 
 town, and near to a recruiting-camp, many of the 
 early enlistments from Hamptonburgh were probably 
 entered under the name of Goshen in the printed 
 muster-in rolls of the State. Tlie credits by the 
 Senatorial Committee of 1862 corrected this to some 
 extent, but even where quotas were regularly assigned 
 the credits do not in many cases correctly represent 
 residence. As no record is found in the town clerk's 
 office under the law of 1865, it is difficult to prepare 
 any complete list for the town. The quotas of the 
 tciwn were: 
 
 July and .August, 1862 40— credits, 40 
 
 Draft of Oct. 7, IseS-^rawu 34 
 
 Call of Oct. n, 1863../ 211 
 
 Consolidated calls 33 
 
 Under all calls, from July, 1863, to July, 1864 37 " 30 
 
 Call of July. 1864 33 " 33 
 
 Call of December, 1864 1(1 " 10 
 
 In its final settlement with the State, in 1865, the 
 town received — 
 
 For excess of twenty-seven years, ur nine men, three years $5,410 
 
 For substitutes 2,400 
 
 For volunteei-a 3,000 
 
 Total ?10,800 
 
 We add the following names, obtained by inquiry 
 and from regimental rolls : 
 
 Joseph Anderson, I5th Art. 
 Hiram Anderson, 15th Art. 
 John Adams, 124th. 
 
 John T. Bolton, Co. K, 16Sth ; enl. Sept. 29, 1862. 
 Oscar Brunell, 12tb U. S. 
 
 Archibald Millspaugh, Co. H, 168th ; enl. Oct. 8, 18G2. 
 Harvey Chandler, 4th Art. 
 Charles Rose, Co. H, lC8th ; enl. Oct. 16, 1862. 
 David H. Corwin, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Charles Anderson. 
 
 Cyrneus Giles, Co. G, 1 24th ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862 ; taken prisoner at Chan- 
 cellorsville; must, out by G. O. 77. 
 
 Johu T. Laroe, Co. 1, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded in shoulder 
 
 July 2, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. 77 ; he was credited to Newburgh. 
 Jason R. Conning, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. IG, 1862; pro. Corp. and 
 
 sergt.: must, out June 3, 1865. 
 Robert Rose, Co. I, 124th ; enl. Aug. 17, 1862 ; taken prisoner Dec. 16, 
 
 1863; must, out with regt. ; credited to Newburgh, but resident of 
 
 Hamptonburgh. 
 Wm. Sutherland, Co. I, 124th ; enl. Aug. 19, 1862; wounded in wrist 
 
 April 1,1865; credited to Newburgh. 
 Enos Downs, colored. 
 Amos M. Kager, Co. I, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6,1862; wounded at Gettysburg; 
 
 credited to Newburgh as a resident there. 
 James Denniston, 91st. 
 
 Newton B. Pierson, Co. I, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; credited to New- 
 burgh; disch. by G. 0. 77. 
 Howard Laiker, 5th Art. 
 James A. Smith, r24th ; enl. August, 1SH2. 
 
 Arch. D. Millspangh, 124th ; enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; unassigned recruit. 
 Nelson Foot, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; credited to Newburgh ; trans, to 
 
 Vet. Res. Corps. 
 John McKinney, 01st. 
 Wm. Jackson, Co. K, 124th; enl. August, 1862; capt. ; killed in action, 
 
 June 18, 1864. 
 Thomas Mountain, 1st Eng. 
 Alonzo Price, Co. K, 124th ; enl. August, 1862; wounded at Chancellors- 
 
 ville. 
 Edward T. Mapes, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; credited to Goshen ; 
 
 must out by G. 0. 77. 
 S. P. Rockafellow. 
 
 Charles E. Owen, 124th ; eul. Jan. 1, 1864; unjissigned recruit. 
 Johu Rockafellow. 
 John H. Conkling, Co. G, 124th ; died July 24, 1863, at Frederick, Md., 
 
 of typhoid fever. 
 William Jackson, Co. G, 124th. 
 
 Michael Mooney, Co. B, 124th; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. 
 Reuben Rynders, Co. B, 124th. 
 Charles O'Neil, 1st Eng. 
 
 Charles Shandor, 15th Art.; enl. Feb. 15, 1864. 
 Robert M. Stevens, 7tli Bat. 
 Benjamin M. Little, Co. B, I24th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; must, out June, 
 
 1865. 
 Eli Hughes, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; killed at Chaucellorsville, 
 
 May 3, 1863. 
 Henry J. Powell. Co. B, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; disch. Nov, 17, 1862. 
 Andrew A. fliillspaugh, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out June, 
 
 1865. 
 John Adams, enl. May 7, 1864; unassigned recruit. 
 Abraham Anderson, 15th Art.; enl. Feb. 15, 1864. 
 Charles Knapp, E, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. II, 1862; wounded at Chan- 
 
 cellorsville ; disch. Dec. 9, 1864, for disability resulting from wounds. 
 Henry Dill, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; wounded in action May 5, 
 
 1864 ; disch. at hospital May 17, 1866. 
 
 M I K I S I N K. 
 
 I.— SITUATION, BOUNDARIES, AREA, TITLE. 
 MiNlsiNK is situated in the southwestern part of the 
 county. It is bounded north and northeast by Wawa- 
 yanda, southeast by Warwick, southwest by the State 
 of New Jersey, west and northwest by Greenville. 
 The area of Minisink, as determined by the last su- 
 pervisors' report, is 13,877 acres. The assessed valua- 
 tion was $69,375, and the tax collected upon that 
 basis was $10,611.48. The title to the soil is derived 
 
 partly from the Wawayanda Patent and partly from 
 the Minisink, the boundary line between the patents 
 passing through the town. 
 
 II.-NATURAIi FEATURES. 
 The surface is rolling and hilly. The slopes are 
 mostly gradual, quite free from rocks, and hence 
 are susceptible of cultivation to their very sum- 
 mits. Tlie Wallkill River forms the southeast 
 
660 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 boundary, dividing the town from AVarwick. Rut- ' 
 ger's Creek forms the northeast boundary, and the 
 extreme eastern angle of tlie town is at the junction 
 of tliis stream witli the AVallkill. The southwestern 
 branch of Rutger's Creek rises in the town of Green- 
 ville and flows into this town near Waterloo Mills, 
 then northeast, and unites with the other branch on 
 the northeast boundary. This stream drains a large 
 portion of the town, receiving several tributaries from 
 each direction, and along its valley the New Jersey 
 ^Midland Railroad finds its way from Middletown, 
 southward. A large tract of the Drowned Lands ex- 
 tends along the Wallkill in the southeast. The valley 
 of Rutger's Creek is known as Rutger's Valley, a 
 name quite largely in use through the suggestion of 
 Mr. H. B. Allen, the correspondent of several news- 
 papers, residing at Westtown. 
 
 III.— EAHLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 There were undoubtedly a few very early locations 
 made in this portion of Orange County, particularly 
 along the disputed tract near the present line of New 
 Jersey. To actually name the first settler cannot 
 now be done with certainty after the lapse of a cen- 
 tury and a half. Peter Kimber, Esq., now living at 
 Unionville, and from whom much valuable informa- 
 tion has been derived in the preparation of this chap- 
 ter, states, from documents in his possession, that 
 his great-grandfather, George Kimber, purchased the 
 old homestead near Unionville in 1728, and settled 
 there either then or very soon after. He had two 
 sons, Peter and Samuel. Peter succeeded to the 
 homestead, and Samuel, after living in this neighbor- 
 hood for a time, went West and settled in Ohio. 
 
 The sons of Peter were George and James. George 
 became the owner of the homestead, while James had 
 a part of the farm. The present owner of this ven- 
 erable residence is Peter Kimber, a son of George. 
 He was born Aug. 14, 1806, and at the age of seventy- 
 four still represents in the fourth generation the early 
 pioneer upon the same farm. He has been elected 
 justice of the peace for seven successive terms of four 
 years each. 
 
 Among the records of " cattle-marks" in the clerk's 
 oflSce is the name of William Stenard, 1749. As- 
 suming that this is not an error of the town clerk, 
 his settlement must have been not many years later 
 than that of Mr. Kimber. It is not easy to deter- 
 mine his location. It is the opinion of Peter Kimber 
 and others that the Stenards were originally residents 
 upon the New Jersey side of the line not far from 
 Unionville ; but that afterwards they removed further 
 north into Minisink. This is sustained by the prob- 
 ability that when the town books of Minisink were 
 opened in 1789, settlers recorded the marks which 
 they had had in use for some years before, and had 
 the date of their selection attached to the town rec- 
 ords. Other names of the same family appear at a 
 later date. In a similar way the name of Benjamin 
 
 Smith appears with the date of cattle-mark, 1769. 
 He was vert- probably the first settler in the vicinity 
 of the present Johnston Station, which for many 
 years was known as Smith's village. Jonathan Shep- 
 herd's name appears under date of 1776. His location 
 is mentioned below. Christian Schultz is mentioned 
 as recording his cattle-mark 1773. He had mills in 
 the north part of what is now ihe town of Wawa- 
 yanda. 
 
 To more fully show early settlement we are fortunate 
 in possessing the a.ssessment-roll of 1775. It appears 
 as assessment district No. 6, in the Goshen Precinct. 
 AVe hare no official description of its boundaries, as 
 the books of Goshen Precinct were destroyed by fire. 
 Joshua Davis was the assessor, and he resided a 
 mile or more south of Slate Hill, on the well-known 
 homestead; but the name of Mr. Davis is included in 
 another assessment-roil, showing that he did not re- 
 side in the district which he appraised. It is evident 
 that district 6, which we give below, began somewhat 
 south of Mr. Davis' residence, and included a small 
 portion of Wawayanda, with most or all of the terri- 
 tory of the present town of Minisink. Possibly there 
 may be names then belonging to what is now the vi- 
 cinity of Centre Point, in the southeastern portion of 
 the town of Greenville. This assessment-roll has a 
 very important advantage over other early documents, 
 as it gives a full list of all the residents at a date 
 more than a hundred years ago, including even men 
 with neither families nor homesteads, and assessed for 
 only a trifling amount of personal property. 
 
 JosHCA Davis, Assessor. 
 
 Estimate 
 
 ut Names. 
 
 Property. 
 £ ». (J. 
 
 Estimate 
 
 of 
 
 Property. 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 Klins OMfleld 4 5 
 
 Mitliael Crossnian 1 17 4 
 
 Giulfrey Lutes 1 12 7 
 
 Peter MiddagL „ 2 IS 8 
 
 Jiicob Cole 4 18 10 
 
 I>aiiiel Rusecraus 4 6 5 
 
 Eheiiezer Beers 4 
 
 lienjamin Cole 3 7 6 
 
 James Tayler 6 2 
 
 James Stewart 2 10 7 
 
 Anthony Westbrook 2 2 2 
 
 Henry Hynes 6 
 
 Samuel Westbrook 4 14 S 
 
 Bryant HamWe 3 8 8 
 
 aiartin Myers 4 2 
 
 Cliristoplier Slyers 1 10 
 
 Alexander Campbell 110 
 
 William H,itkins 2 8 8 
 
 Zepbauiah Drake 3 14 3 
 
 Joiin Ferguson 1,5 18 6 
 
 Christopber Hynes 11 
 
 Jonathao Cooley 8 10 
 
 Abraham Joliustun 1 2 
 
 James Haniley 1 3 
 
 James Masters 1 12 
 
 William Lane 4 3 
 
 luman Walling 6 2 
 
 Hezekiab Lowrey 3 2 
 
 Uriah Ferguson 2 
 
 luerease Mathers 1 9 
 
 Benjamin Ferguson 2 
 
 Elijah Inuian 3 6 
 
 John Morrison h 12 
 
 Moses Whitehead 4 
 
 Crispas Strowbl'idge 1 7 
 
 Wm. Morris 12 
 
 George Kimball (Kioi* 
 
 ber?) 4 8 
 
 John Sweet 2 16 
 
 Jonathan Tracy 1 9 
 
 James Clark 6 14 
 
 Jacob Ferguson 3 10 
 
 John Kennedy 1 10 
 
 John Robertson 14 
 
 Nathaniel Pemberton 17 
 
 Nathaniel Mathers 19 
 
 John Robertson 1 8 
 
 Amos Wilcox 4 11 
 
 John Whittaker 3 13 
 
 John Davis 10 
 
 Samuel Cole 2 
 
 Jared Davenport 1 
 
 Peter Walling 1 
 
 Samuel Uariug 1 
 
 9 
 1 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 2 
 3 
 7 
 4 
 8 
 
 3 
 3 
 9 
 
 4 
 9 
 9 2 
 
 6 11 
 11 
 
 7 
 3 9 
 
 *' The above is a true list of the assessment taken in my District, Sept. 
 1775. JosHVA Da^ts." 
 
 The following additional facts, ba-sed upon the 
 " cattle-marks" recorded in town clerk's office from 
 1795 to 1797, are given upon the authority of Peter 
 Kimber, Charles E. Stickuey, Oliver E. Wood, H. B. 
 Allen, and others : 
 
MINISINK. 
 
 661 
 
 Capt. John Wisner resided about ii mile and a half 
 east of Unionville, on the present Ketcham place. 
 
 John Whittaker and Reuben Whittaker were early 
 residents of Unionville, and a part of their estate is 
 now owned by Samuel Pearson. 
 
 Hezekiah Wilcox and Amos Wilcox lived near 
 Waterloo Mills. 
 
 John Kimball resided at Drowned Lands, Lower 
 Road. 
 
 Cornelius Van Vliet lived on the present place of 
 Matthew Decker. He had two sons, Samuel and 
 John. 
 
 Philip Lee located about two miles northwest of 
 Westtown. Smith Lee, a son, is still living in that 
 vicinity, and Alexander, a grandson of Philip, resides 
 on the old homestead. 
 
 Sylvanus Loree and Eda Loree (probably Lowrey) 
 resided about two miles east of Unionville. They or 
 their ancestors owned a large tract of land, most of 
 which is now the Halstead property. 
 
 William Lane owned a large estate in the east part 
 of Minisink. He came in there before the Revolu- 
 tion. A portion of the same property is still in the 
 hands of his descendants. The stone house, formerly 
 the old homestead, was built in 1785. 
 
 Paul Lee resided near Philip Lee mentioned above, 
 and a grandson, Lewis, now owns the same place. 
 
 Cotton Matlier and Increase Mather, whose stanch 
 old Massachusetts names indicate their native place, 
 resided, the first near Westtown, the other east of 
 Unionville a mile and a half. 
 
 David Christie located on the present place of 
 Andrew Yerks, not far from Unionville. He was a 
 captain in the war of 1812. 
 
 John Dunkin lived west of Westtown. He owned 
 a tannery. 
 
 Aaron Ferguson settled near Westtown. 
 
 James Ferguson lived near Gardnerville. 
 
 Jonathan Shepherd lived on the Drowned Lauds, 
 where the Roberts Sons now own. 
 
 Jonathan Sayre resided on the road from Union- 
 ville to Westtown. Decatur Sayre, a son, is living 
 iu that neighborhood at the present time. 
 
 Noah Terry located near Gardnerville, on the 
 present Osburn place. 
 
 Henry Tucker settled at Unionville, on the place 
 where Lanson Dunn resides at the present time. 
 
 .lonathan Tuthill, a well-known citizen of peculiar 
 characteristics, resided on the jilace now owned by 
 H. R. Horton. 
 
 William Masters settled about one mile east of 
 Unionville. 
 
 William McMullen located in the old Dr. Kearns 
 neighborhood, west of Westtown. 
 
 Daniel Myers and John Myers lived northwest of 
 Unionville, on the property now owned by David P. 
 Clark. Daniel was the noted Indian fighter, who 
 was in the Minisink battle. 
 
 John Ralphsnider resided on the " Lower Road." 
 
 John Rosecrans locate<l where John E. Dubois now 
 resides. 
 
 Samuel Schoonover settled near Westtown. 
 
 Samuel Ferguson lived on property now owned by 
 David P. Clark. 
 
 Wilhelmus Cole is supposed by Peter Kimber to 
 have lived on the New Jersey side of the line. He 
 was a surveyor of the early times. 
 
 William Horton resided near Westtown. 
 
 David Allen, well known as a cancer doctor, owned 
 the place which is now the property of the heirs of 
 Green Clark. His children were James, Samuel, 
 Lathrop, Anna, Maria, Gabriel, Irena, William, 
 Joseph, Phebe, Henry B. The last named is the 
 well-known newspa|)er correspondent of Westtown. 
 
 John Beers located near L^nionville. 
 
 Jonathan Casterline settled on the place now owned 
 by Charles Goldsmith, about a mile northwest of 
 Unionville. 
 
 James Clark's homestead was the present place of 
 Eliakim Everett, near .Unionville. 
 
 Benjamin Cole resided near Westtown. 
 
 Abram Clark was an early resident of Minisink, 
 settling near Westtown. 
 
 Josiah Cole lived near Westtown. 
 
 Ezra Corwin settled not far from the same village. 
 
 John Neely was located in Minisink not long after 
 the Revolution, and his descendants occupy to some 
 extent the same property at the present time. 
 
 Jonathan Cooley was the first town clerk in 1789, 
 and served two years. He was also chosen supervisor 
 in 1793, and served four years consecutively. A de- 
 scendant, Freegift Cooley, formerly owned the farm 
 belonging in modern times to William H. Carpenter, 
 in Wawayanda. The town clerk lived at Millsburgh. 
 
 Freegift Tuthill is a prominent name in the annals 
 of the county. He was a member of the Goshen and 
 Westtown Turnpike Company of 1812. Richard M. 
 Tuthill was a member of the New York Legislature 
 in 1845, and was subsequently deputy sheriff at New- 
 burgh. His son, Charles H. Tuthill, served as town 
 clerk in 18G2 and 186.3. Robert C. Tuthill had also 
 served as town clerk in 1856 and 1857. 
 
 Hulet Clark is mentioned in the records as town 
 clerk in 1819; supervisor in 1851, 1852, and 1853. 
 His family was locally quite noted by reason of so 
 many falling victims to the dysentery in 1825, six 
 dying within sixteen days. Wm. H. Clark, member 
 of Assembly, 1880-81, is a son of Hulet Clark. 
 
 Isaac Decker settled near Ridgebury in the year 
 1800. Dewitt Decker (of another family) was super- 
 visor of Minisink in 1860 and 1861. His son, Henry 
 D. Decker, served three years as town clerk, 1864-66. 
 
 Joshua Sayr^ was an early settler and a citizen of 
 considerable prominence. He was a member of the 
 New York Legislature in 1814, and supervisor of the 
 town in 1820. His homestead was three-fourths of a 
 mile south of Westtown, now owned by Dr. Topping, 
 of New York. Daniel Dunning, grandson of Michael 
 
662 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Dunning, of Goshen, removed to this town soon after 
 the Revolution. His uncle, Benjamin Dunning, was 
 killed at the battle of Minisink. Benjamin Dunning, 
 a descendant of Daniel Dunning, was elected .super- 
 visorof the town forsix consecutive years, beginning in 
 ] 814. He was also a member of the New York Legis- 
 lature in 1824. John Bradner was a prominent citizen 
 of early times. He was the first supervisor of the 
 town, in 1788, and served four years consecutively. 
 
 FAMILIES IN TOWN, 1810 T<l 1815. 
 
 Coming down to a later period, we iind the means 
 of giving an accurate list of the families residing on 
 the present territory of Minisink sixty-seven years 
 ago. The formation of the school districts in 1813 
 under the law of the previous year is recorded by 
 giving the families included in each instead of by de- 
 fining the boundaries. In the subsequent division 
 into three towns some of these districts were inter- 
 sected by the new lines, hence in giving them below 
 some names may occur of persons who lived beyond 
 what is now the boundary of Minisink, but the list 
 must approximate very nearly to an accurate cata- 
 logue. 
 
 District No. (3 was evidently on the territory of 
 both Minisink and Wawayanda, but the people of 
 the present time will no doubt be able to locate the 
 families correctly, oq whichever side of the line they 
 may belong. The district included the families of 
 Widow Milicent Shepherd, Isaac Conkling, William 
 .fackson, Benjamin Chapman, Benjamin Doty, Abra- 
 ham Shepherd, Cleorge Everett, Joseph Van Cleft, 
 Michael A. Jones, Benjamin Ayres, Noah Terry, Jas- 
 per Terry, Parshall Howell, Wm. Lane, David Lane, 
 Wm. Horton, Thos. Ferguson, Joseph Stewart, James 
 Lane, Jonathan Wood, Henry Taylor, William Lud- 
 lum, John Stewart, Jonathan Tuthill, Phineas Terry. 
 
 District No. 7 included the following families, viz. : 
 those of John Neely, Jr., John Barrett, Jeremiah 
 Holly, John Jackson, Benjamin Smith, James Hulse, 
 Paul Stark, John Roberts, Silas Hemingway, Reu- 
 ben Cash and three tenants. Widow Jane Stewart, 
 Widow Sarah Howell and sons, Silas Stewart, Luther 
 Stewart, John S. Terry, Jonathan Seely, Widow 
 Knapp and sons, Widow Davis, Joshua Davis, David 
 Murray and one tenant, David Mulford, Garret Wood, 
 John Neely, William Stewart. This is the Smith 
 village district of modern times, with perhaps some 
 changes of territory, now known as No. 6, of Mini- 
 sink. 
 
 Old District No. 10 included the following famil- 
 ies, viz. : those of Jonathan Sayre, Joshua Sayre, 
 Thomas Grier, Aaron Ferguson and one tenant, Timo- 
 thy Doty, Joseph True, Adonijah Hatfield, William 
 Montgomery, Paul Lee, James Walling, Howell 
 Reeve, Levi Decker, Jonah Van Auken, Joseph 
 Clark, Widow J. Walling, David H. Slauson, Daniel 
 Lee, Wm. Monell, Cotton Mather, Hezekiah Loree 
 and one tenant, Daniel Brown, Richard Whitaker, 
 
 Jr., James Ferguson, Jacob Cole, John Mather, Sam- 
 uel B. Cole, John D. Cole, Benjamin Stead, Edward 
 Price, Israel Lee, Samuel Wright, Peter Bernard, 
 Jonathan Mather, Widow C. Oakley, Philip Lee and 
 one tenant, Henry Horton, David Allen, Anthony 
 Clark, John Tine, Lewis Elston, Widow Aber, John 
 Rosecrance, Jacob W. Cole. This is practically the 
 Westtown District of old times, and, with some 
 changes, the present Westtown District, now known 
 as No. 4. 
 
 District No. 11, as formed in 1813, included the fol- 
 lowing families, namely : those of Daniel Corwin, 
 Silas Corwin, Morris Polly, Garret Birney, Josias 
 Schoonover, William Oakley, Selah Corwin, Jona- 
 than BroNvn, Widow James Neely, James Armstrong, 
 Wilmot Halstead, Widow Sarah Knapp, Amos Stark, 
 George Cook, Widow Hoyt, Peter Corwin, Freegift 
 Cooley, Nathaniel Mather, Cyrus Skinner, John L. 
 Mackey, John Short, David Norris, Moses Reed, 
 George Goble, Samuel Carter, Charles Durland, Jr., 
 James D. Wadsworth, George W. Goble. This is 
 known as the " old Rome " District, and some of the 
 above names doubtless belong in Wawayanda. 
 
 District No. 14, as formed in 1813, included the fol- 
 lowing families, viz. : those of Widow Elizabeth Wis- 
 ner, Increase Mather, Samuel Kimber, Abraham 
 Clark, George Kimber, Joseph Hildreth, Nathaniel 
 Chandler, Theodore H. Pierson, Heman Allen, Squire 
 Lee, Sylvester Austin, Richard Whittaker, Peter 
 Ayres, David Wright, Isaac Popino, Levi Moore, 
 Martin Mires, John Hammct, Ephraim Ferguson, 
 Widow Mary Bennet, Henry Brown, Joshua Case, 
 Widow Esther Case, Jonathan Clark, James Clark, 
 James Clark, Jr., Leonard Middaugh, James Gland, 
 Jonathan Casterlin, David Christie, Widow Sarah 
 Wilson, Widow Eunice Beers, Isaac Van Houston, 
 Widow Catherine Clark, James Kimber, Widow Sarah 
 Clark. This is the Unionville District, now No. 8, of 
 Minisink. 
 
 District No. 15, as organized in 1813, included the 
 following families, viz. : those of Caleb Jones, Amos 
 Wilcox, Ebenezer Mead, John Case, Josephine West- 
 fall, Daniel Myres, Samuel Ferguson, John Myrea, 
 John Myres, Jr., Jacob Myres, Charles Baird, Asa 
 Wilcox, Hezekiah Wilcox, Nathan Wilcox, Benjamin 
 Wilcox, Samuel Slauson, Daniel W. Myres, Nathan 
 Spinner, Isaac Overton, John Garner, Jesse Carpen- 
 ter, George W. Pelton, John Tuthill, Aaron Slauson, 
 Benjamin Drake, William Buckbee, Elias Clausen, 
 Victor Baird, Widow Doty, John Vail. This is the 
 Waterloo District, now- known as No. ]. 
 
 District No. 25 included the following families, viz. : 
 those of Joseph Smith, David Allen, David Brown, 
 Richard Whittaker, Jr., Hezekiah Loree, William 
 Brown, John Tuthill, Anthony Clark, Ephraim Fer- 
 guson, Richard M. Tuthill, .John Brundage, Cotton 
 Mather, Phebe Bennet, Benjamin Kimber, Increase 
 Mather, Nathan Wilcox, Peter Walker, Samuel 
 Collins, Benjamin Ferguson, Widow Julia Brown, 
 
MINISINK. 
 
 663 
 
 Martin My res, James Ferguson, Thomas Ferguson, 
 James Thompson, Widow Elizabeth Wisner, Samuel 
 Kimber. This is the present Brown District, on the 
 Lower Road, now numbered 5. 
 
 SLAVERY. 
 Records showing the birth of slaves are found in 
 the town clerk's office. We give the first: 
 
 " A female mulatto cliiUl, named Charlotte, was born in this town by 
 the mother, Mary, at the dwelling of t1ie subscriber, on the2oth of March, 
 1809 J also a male child, mulatto, named James, of the same, born on the 
 11th day of January, 1811, at the same place and town of Minisink. 
 
 "April 2, 1811." "Georqe Phillips. 
 
 Similar notices are entered for record by Noah 
 Terry, Uriah Hulse, James Dolson, Elizabeth Wis- 
 ner, Joshua Davis, Esther Hornbeck, Josiah Rose- 
 crance, Benjamin Sawyer, Silas Hulse, Nathan Hulse, 
 Joseph Smith, Hezekiah Taylor, Jacob Cuddeback, 
 Daniel Myres, Heman Allen, Jonathan Brown, Susan 
 Carpenter, and several others. 
 
 EARLY PHYSICIANS. 
 Dr. Austin was an early doctor, about 1800 and 
 later; he lived at Unionville. Dr. William Newkirk 
 lived at Unionville ; properly the successor of Austin. 
 Dr. Horton practiced for many years ; resided at 
 Westtown. Dr. John W. Rafferty lived at Westtown ; 
 was somewhat eccentric, but a very skillful physician. 
 Dr. Rosecrance was an early physician, of whom but 
 little seems to be known. He died May 12, 1782, 
 aged forty-five years. 
 
 IV.-OEGANIZATION. 
 
 The town of Minisink was formed by authority of 
 the general act of March 7, 1788, and its territory was 
 a part of the Goshen Precinct of earlier times. As 
 has been explained in another place (see Deer- 
 park), there was an early precinct under the name of 
 Minisink which perhaps covered some part of the 
 present town, but which is dropped from the records 
 after the settlement of the New Jersey boundary line. 
 
 The town, as formed in 1788, included the present 
 towns of Minisink, Greenville, Wawayanda, and that 
 portion of the present town of Deerpark which lies 
 south of the old county line. This large town took 
 its name appropriately from the small triangle at its 
 western extremity, tliough there was historical sig- 
 nificance in the name derived from a greater ex- 
 tent of territory, and worthy to be perpetuated by 
 one of the civil divisions of the county. In the sub- 
 sequent erection of the towns of Deerpark, Wawa- 
 yanda, and Greenville, the southeasterly portion of 
 the ancient territory clung to the old name, as it had 
 an undoubted right to, and the present town of Mini- 
 sink perpetuates that name, though it is now entirely 
 separated from "Old Minisink." 
 
 There are valuable books in the office of the town 
 clerk : the record of estrays, the record of cattle- 
 marks, and the birth of slaves. From these the 
 names of the early inhabitants have been largely 
 
 secured. Indeed these, added to the general assess- 
 ment-roll of 1775, make the list so perfect that there 
 can scarcely be a person omitted who was living on 
 this territory at the time of the Revolution, though 
 they may not be accurately located in every instance, 
 either with reference to town boundaries or to neigh- 
 borhoods in the town. 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM THE RECORDS. 
 
 The importance of the following records will be 
 seen at a glance by remembering that they date from 
 1789, that the names therein contained are in many 
 cases those of settlers who had already been located 
 on their respective farms for many years, and that 
 the town of Minisink as then organized included the 
 territory of the three present towns of Minisink, 
 Greenville, Wawayanda, and for thirty -six years (1789 
 to 1825) a portion of Deerpark also. 
 
 FIRST TOWN-MEETING. 
 "At an annual town-meeting held in and for the town of Minisink at 
 the house of John Van Tuyl, on the tirst Tuesday in April, in the year 
 of our Lord 1789, the following town-oflRcei-s were chosen under the in- 
 spection of John Bradner and Solomon Coykendall, Esquires, Justices,viz. : 
 Jonathan Cooley, town clerk; John Bradner, supervisor; James DolseUj 
 Levi Van Etten, John Whittaker, assessors ; Moses Cortright, Amos Wil- 
 cox, collectors; James Reeve, John Davis, Jr., poor-masters; James Del- 
 sen, John Van Tuyl, John Whitaker, Amos Wilcox, Moses Cortright, 
 Michael Dunning, constables ; Elisha Eldred, Joseph Halstead, Joseph 
 Manning, Solomon Coykendall, fence-viewers. 
 " The following were highway-masters; 
 " James Hulse, No. 1. Daniel "Ward, No. 17. 
 
 Eusebius Austin, No. 2. Freegift Cooley, No. 18. 
 
 John Bradner, No. 3. John Knapp, No. 19. 
 
 John Kemble, No. 4. "William Fullerton, No. 20. 
 
 Increase Mathers, No. 5, Isaac Finch, No. 21. 
 
 ■William Lain, No 6. Abraham Harding, No. 22. 
 
 Thomas Bennett, No. 7. Stephen Armstrong, No. 23. 
 
 Isaiah Decker, No. 8. Sylvester Cortright, No. 24. 
 
 John Davis, Jr., No. 9. Peter Coykendall, No. 25. 
 
 Cotton Mathers, No. 10. Jonatlian Wood, No. 26. 
 
 Israel Halleck, No. 11. Amos Wilcox, No. 27. 
 
 John Neely, No. 12. Benjamin Cole, No. 28. 
 
 Jonathan Buily, No. 13. Isaac Kenney, No. 29. 
 
 Samuel Benjamin, No. 14. Christian Schultz, No. 30. 
 
 James Hulse, Jr., No. 15. Zephaniah Drake, No. 31." 
 
 Asa Dolsen, No. 10. 
 
 SECOND TOWN-MEETING. 
 
 " At an annual town-meeting held in and for the town of Minisink at 
 the house of James Dolsen, Esquire, on the tirst Tuesday in April, in the 
 year of our Lord 1790, under the direction and inspection of John Brad- 
 ner, James Dolsen, and John Davis, Esquires, Justices, who were all 
 present, the following town officers were chosen : Jonathan Cooley, town 
 clerk ; Jolin Bradner, supervisor; James Dolsen, John Whittaker, Levi 
 Van Etten, assessors ; William Lain, collector; James Reeve, William 
 Lain, poor-masters; James Dolsen, Amos Wilcox, John Van Tuyl, com- 
 Ditssiooers of highways; Nathan Hallock, Michael Dunning, Richard 
 Decker, Amos Wilcox, constables; Jonathan Cooley, Capt. Harding, 
 Joseph Manning, Levi Van Etten. Martiiius Coykendall, James Clark, 
 John Ferguson, James Brown, fence-viewers. 
 
 "The following are highway-masters: 
 
 "George Little, No. 1. Cotton Mathers, No. 10. 
 
 Eusebius Austin, No. 2. James Stewart, No. 11. 
 
 Michael Dunning, No. 3. John Neely, No. 12. 
 
 Jonathan Shepherd, No. 4. ' Elijah Wells, No. 13. 
 
 Increase Mathers, No. 5. William Kimber. No. 14. 
 
 William Lain, No. 6. Samuel Moore, No. 15. 
 
 Thomas Bennett, No. 7. Nathaniel Cooley, No. 16. 
 
 Isaiah Decker, No. 8. Isaac Decker, No. 17. 
 
 John Davis, Esq., No. 9. Freegift Cooley, No. 18. 
 
664 
 
 HISTORY OF OKANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Joshua Davis, No. 19. 
 William Fullertou, No. 20. 
 James Dolseii, No. 21. 
 Isaac Doiseii, No. i.2. 
 Stephen Armstrong, No. 23. 
 Moses Cortriglit, No. 24. 
 Shimer Chambers, No. 26. 
 John Ferguson, Jr., Nd. 26. 
 Araos Wilcox, No. 27. 
 Alexander Campl'ell, No. 28. 
 
 John Ftutou, 
 
 Silas Hiilse, No. 29. 
 Christian SchuUz, No. 30. 
 Zephaiiiah Drake, No. 31. 
 Nathan Arni>ut, No. 32. ,. 
 John Van Tuyl, No. 33. 
 Benjamin C-ole, No. 34. 
 Jacob Cole, No, 35, 
 Daniel Myres, No. 3G. 
 Elias Oldfield, No. 37. 
 Benjamin Carpenter, No. 38. 
 No. 39." 
 
 A law for raising a certain sum of money for the 
 support of the i)Oor of the town and for other pur- 
 poses therein mentioned, passed on the first Tuesday 
 in April, 1790, reads as follows : 
 
 " Be it ordered and ordiiint-d by the freeholders and inhabitants of the 
 town of Minisink in annual town-meeting assembled, and it is hereby 
 ordered, ordained, and established by the anthoriiy aforesaid, That one 
 hundred pounds be raised tiie present year for the support and main^ 
 tenance of the poor of the said town. And be it ordered by the authority 
 aforesaid, tlial Juhn Bradner, Esij., and Doct. Eusebins Austin do settle 
 the poor aecnunt, and make a division of the poor with the otlier towns 
 therein concerned." 
 
 THE THIRD TOWN-MEETING, 
 "At an annual town-meeting held in and for the town of Minisink at 
 the house of Auius Wilcox, on the first Tuesday of April, 1791, under the 
 direction and inspection of John Bradner, James Dolsen, and John Davis, 
 Esquires, who were all present, the following officers were chosen, viz. : 
 Henry Tucker, town clerk; Jonathan Cooley, Amos Wilco.\, Levi Van 
 Etten, assessors; Elijah Van Auken, Amos Wilcox, John Van Tuyl, com- 
 missioners of highways; Jonathan Cooley, Amos Wilcox, poor-masters; 
 James Brown, collector; James Arnistrong, Natlianiel Van Auken, 
 Michael Dunning, constables ; Jonathan Cooley, Capt. Harding, Joseph 
 Manning, Levi Van Etteu, Slartiuus Coykendall, James Clark, Jolin For- 
 goo, James Brown, fence-viewere, 
 
 lioiul-MasU-rs. 
 
 '* Thomas Gale, No. 1. 
 Dr. Austin, No. 2. 
 Michael Dunning, No. 3. 
 John Ferguson, No. 4. 
 Increase Mathers, Jr., No. 5. 
 William Horton, No. 6. 
 James Clark, No. 7. 
 James Brown, No. 8. 
 John Davis, Jr., No. 9. 
 Silvanus Low, No. 10, 
 Joseph Halstead, No. 11. 
 John Neely, No. 12. 
 Nathaniel Bailey, No. 13. 
 Wm. Kimber, No. 14. 
 Samuel Moore. No. 15. 
 Asa Dolsen, No. 16. 
 Daniel Cooley, No. 17. 
 James Reeves, Jr., No. 18. 
 Joshua Davis, No. 19. 
 
 William FuUerton, No, 20. 
 Isaac rincli. No. 21. 
 Isaac Dula.M. No. 22. 
 Ebenezer H^illy. No. 23. 
 Moses Cortriglit, N.>. 24. 
 Nathaniel Vai> Aiikfii, No. 25. 
 John Manning, No. 2l> 
 Amos Wilcox. No. 27. 
 Andrew Christie, No. 28. 
 Elisba Hulse, No. 29. 
 Christian Schultz, No. 30. 
 James Green, No. 31. 
 Richard Hulse, No. 32. 
 John Van Tuyl, No. 33. 
 Aaron Everett, No. 34. 
 Godfrey Lutes, No. 35. 
 Daniel Myres, No. 36. 
 Augustus Oakley, No. 37. 
 Simon Westfall. No. 38. 
 
 Denton (District 2), Hezekiah Lowrey (District 5), 
 Noah Terry. Abner Grossman, Richard Wood (Dis- 
 trict 18), Joseph Reed (District 20), James Jackson 
 (District 22), Everid Hardenbeck (District 24), Hugh 
 McConnelly (District 31), Aaron Clark (District 32), 
 Abraham Elston (District 34), George Lutes (Dis- 
 trict 35), Ashbell Cadwell, Richard Allison, Nathan 
 Van Auken, Benjamin Gale (District 1 ), Charles 
 Brenuing (District 3), Elisha Smith (District 4), 
 Philetus Howell (District 7), John Ralphsnider 
 (District 9), Reuben Cash (District 11), Peter Caverna 
 (District 13), Daniel Albertson, Michael Halstead, 
 William Graham, Uriah Chapman, Jacob Shimers. 
 We give a list of the officers elected in 1842 : 
 
 John C. Wisner, supervisor; Henry H. Stewart, town clerk; Richard 
 M, Tuthill, Jr., Simeon M. Stoddard, justices of the peace; James M. 
 Reeve, Hugh McC^unell, overseers of the poor; Daniel T. Durland, 
 Jacoh M. Johnson, Samuel Jones, assessors ; Peter Kimber. Erastus 
 Stickney, John C. Buckbee, commissioners of highways ; William 
 Dickerson, Henry Clark, John C. Owens, commissioners of common 
 schools; Lewis Armstrong, Horace K. Stewart, inspectors of schools; 
 Timothy W. Kelly, collector; Isaac M. Lee, Lf wis Howell, Daniel 
 T. Hulse, Timothy W. Kelly, Oliver E Wood, uonstahles; Lewis C. 
 Wuod. town sealer. 
 
 The following were the principal town officers from 
 1789 to 1880: 
 
 John Finton,No. 39." 
 
 The following additional names are mentioned in 
 the town records from 1792 to 1793: Benjamin Hal- 
 sey, Peter Whittaker, Phineas Parshall, Jacob Coy- 
 kendall, Thomas Gale, Elisha Eldred (Road District 
 2), Uriah Ferguson (Districts), William Lain (Dis- 
 trict 6), Israel Lee (District 8), Sylvanus Lowrey (Dis- 
 trict 10), William Knapp (District 14), Absalom 
 Stillwell (District 15), John V. Cleve (District 16), 
 Ebenezer Holly (District 23), Daniel Van Fleet (Dis- 
 trict 13), Nathan Arnout (District 32), Daniel Ham- 
 mel (District 34), James Steward, Jr., Paul Lee, Wm. 
 Tucker, Thomas T. CoUard (Road District 1), Jacob 
 
 ;>u per visors. 
 
 789-90 John Bradner. 
 
 791-92 " 
 
 793-96 Jonathan Cooley. 
 
 797 Levi Van Etten. 
 
 798 Nathan Arnout. 
 
 99-1800 Henrv Tucker. 
 
 801-7 *• " 
 
 808 David Christie. 
 
 810 " 
 
 811-12 Joseph Smith. 
 
 813 Peter Holbert. 
 
 814-16 Benjamin Dunning. 
 
 817-18 
 
 819 " 
 
 820 Joshua Sayre. 
 
 821 David Christie. 
 
 822 Benjamin Dunning. 
 
 823 
 
 824 Increase B. Stoddard. 
 
 825 David Christie. 
 
 82G-27 " " 
 
 828 " " 
 
 829 James Hulse. 
 
 830 " 
 
 831 Hulet Clark. 
 
 832-33 Merritt H. Cash. 
 
 834 Joseph Davis. 
 
 835-36 Isaac Cook. 
 
 838 Gideon W. Cock, Sr. 
 
 g;jg ,,...., *' " 
 
 840-41 Roswell Mead. 
 
 842^3 John C. Wisner. 
 
 844 Joseph Davis. 
 
 845 Gabriel Horton. 
 
 846 " 
 
 847 Stewart T. Durland. 
 
 848 
 
 849 Daniel Fullerton. 
 
 850 Timothy Wood. 
 
 851 Hulet Clark. 
 
 852 " 
 
 853 " " 
 
 854-55 Albert A. Seymour. 
 
 ,856-57 Joseph M. Case. 
 
 858-'i9 John C. Wisner. 
 
 860-61 DeWitt Decker. 
 
 862-63 Joseph M. Case. 
 
 864-66 *' " 
 
 867-68 " 
 
 869-70 
 
 871 
 
 872 John R. Halstead. 
 
 873 " 
 
 874 " 
 
 876-76 William H. Clark. 
 
 877-78 " '* 
 
 879-80 " " 
 
 Town Clerks. 
 Jonathan Cooley. 
 Henry Tucker. 
 James Steward. 
 Martiness Coykendall. 
 James Steward. 
 
 James Steward, Jr. 
 
 Increase B. Stoddard. 
 Peter Holbert. 
 Hezekiah Taylor. 
 John Hallock, Jr. 
 
 Jonathan Carpenter. 
 Hulet Clark. 
 
 James Hulse. 
 William Evans. 
 Martin L. Mapes. 
 
 Jonathan Bailey. 
 Peter Holbert. 
 James llulse. 
 
 Joseph Davis 
 Merritt H. Cash. 
 David H. Slauson. 
 John C. Owen. 
 Koswell Mead. 
 KicliJird M. Tuthill. 
 Bicliard M. Tuthill, Jr. 
 DeWiti C. Hallock. 
 Erastus Stickney. 
 Henry H. Stewart. 
 Daviii Clark. 
 Joseph M. Case. 
 Stewart T. Durland. 
 Stephen Harding. 
 Lewis Armstrong. 
 William Hatch, Jr. 
 
 Henry C. Halsey. 
 Samuel B. Elston. 
 Isaac Winters. 
 Simeon M. Coykendall. 
 Robert C. Tuthill. 
 Jacob P. Snook. 
 John R. Halstead. 
 Charles H. Tuthill. 
 Henry D. Decker. 
 Eliakini Elston. 
 Charles JIcMorrow. 
 Lauson Dunn. 
 
 N. E. Mapes. 
 James W. Potter. 
 Lauson Dunn. 
 Enmiett Tuthill. 
 Lauson Duun. 
 
MINISINK. 
 
 665 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, 
 
 mentioned as presiding at town-meetings in the ear- 
 lier years when they were not elected by the people, 
 but were appointed by the Governor and Council. 
 The dates given are the years when their names first 
 appear : 
 
 178'J, Jolin Braduer, Solomon Co.vkcndall ; 1700, James Dolseo, John 
 Davis ; 1793, Levi Van Etten ; 17aj, Jonathan Cooley ; 1790, Henry 
 Tooker, Jonathan Wood ; 1802, Increase B. Stoddard, Peter Holbert ; 
 1806, Josliua Saj-re; ISOS, Alexander Bodle, John Jackson; 1812, 
 Nathan Arnunt, Benjamin Sawyer ; 1813, Joseph Smith ; 1810, John 
 Durland, Jonatlian Carpenter, Jolin Hallock, Jr. ; ISlVt, David Chris- 
 tie; 1821, William Graham ; 1S23,* Caleb Howell and Hulet Clark ; 
 1828, Stephen W. Fnllerton, James Hnlse; 1829, Joseph Hallock; 
 1831,tSteplien W. Fullerton; 1832, Joseph Hallock, Gideon W. Cock; 
 1833, Gideon W. Cock ; 1834, George Hill ; 1835, Stephen W. Fuller- 
 ton, John C. Owen; 1830, John C. Owen; 1837, Gideon W. Cock; 
 1838, George Hill, James F. Clark ; 1839, Gabriel Horlon, Richard 51. 
 Tuthill; 1840, James F. Clark ; 1841, Gideon W, Cock ; 1842, Hichard 
 M. Tuthill, Jr.; 184;), Gabriel Horton ; 1844, Edward Shute (also the 
 same to till vacancy); 1845, William B. Hunt; 1840, Richard M Tut- 
 hill, Jr. ; 1847, Erastus Stickney ; 1848, John P. Shinning ; 1849, 
 Wm. B. Hunt ; 1850, Joseph M. Case, Steward T. Durland, John C 
 Wisuer, Sidney Mulford ; 1851, Sidney Mnlford ; 1852, Samuel .«lau- 
 son; 1853, John C. Wisner; 1854, Peter C. Hanford, Wm. H. Hart; 
 1855, Wm. H. Hart; 1850, Peter Kimber; 1867, Richard M. Tuthill, 
 Jr. ; 1858, Joseph M. Case ; 1859, Wm. Hortou ; 18GU, Peter Kimber; 
 1861, George D. Wilson (also the same to fill vacancy) ; 1802, Joseph 
 M. Case, John C. Wisner; 1803, Wm. Horton; 1804, Peter Kimber; 
 18G5, John C. Wisuer; 1806, Joseph M. Case; 1807, John B. Halsey; 
 1808, Peter Kimber, Robert C. Tutliill; 1869, John C. Wisner; 1S70, 
 Joseph M. Case ; 1871, Robert C. Tuthill ; 1872, Peter Kimber; 1873, 
 S. T. Durland; 1874, Joseph M. Case ; 1875, Robert C. Tuthill, J. P. 
 Snook ; 1870, Peter Kimber; 1877, Thomas S. Hulse (also to fill va- 
 cancy, Thomas S. Hnlse) ; 1878, J. P. Snook: 1879, Jesse O. Martin, 
 C. W. Horton ; 1880, Peter Kimber, Jonathan Shepherd, Nathan C. 
 Hanford. 
 
 THE BONDING OF THE TOWN OF MINISINK. 
 This was effected by papers recorded in the office of 
 the county clerk, and bearing date July 15, 181)9. The 
 bonds were to be issued in aid of the Oswego and Mid- 
 land Railroad Company, to the amount of .•J75,000. 
 The bonds were issued in pursuance of the above 
 action. The interest has been annually paid, but the 
 principal remains a debt against the town. 
 
 v.— VILLAGES. 
 UNIONVILLE 
 is said to be a reminiscence of the old dispute between 
 New York and New Jersey as to the boundary line. 
 This was in 1740, and the village, then consisting 
 of only two or three houses, stood on the disputed 
 territory. After the line was settled the village was 
 still .so near to New Jersey that it was called Union- 
 ville, in commemoration of the uniting of the two 
 States in friendly relations. At the present time 
 (November, 1880) it is a thriving village, having con- 
 siderable trade and extensive railroad business. There 
 are stores kept by Halstead & Bro., by Elston & Bro., 
 by Mr. Van Fleet ; hotels by Mr. Conkling, by Mr. 
 Tuthill, and by Mr. Casterlin. Other business places 
 are Hanford's carriage-shop and blacksmithing, Cas- 
 
 * After 1821 and prior to 1830 they were appointed by the courts in 
 .connection with the board of supervisors. 
 -f Mter this date chosen at town-meetings. 
 43 
 
 terlin's harness-shop. Van Fleet's coal- and lumber- 
 yard. Dr. Haines' creamery, Swezey's grocery-store, 
 Caldwell's hardware-store and tin-shop, Tuthill's 
 drug-store (late Whittaker's), etc. The station agent 
 is Enoch Greenleaf. 
 
 ■ INCORPORATION. 
 This was effected by filing the necessary petition 
 and procuring the action of the court thereupon. 
 The election for determining whether to incorporate 
 or not was held Aug. 22, 1871. Joseph M. Case and 
 Lanson Dunn presided, and the question was decided 
 in favor of incorporation, fifty-eight to seven; and it 
 was also determined to spend S150 the first year under 
 the head of ordinary expenditures. The first officers 
 were as follows, chosen Sept. 20, 1871 : Isaac Swift, 
 president; Lanson Dunn, Henry Tuthill, J. Harvey 
 Hanford, trustees ; S. D. Cadmus, treasurer ; A. J. 
 Tuthill, collector; C. M. C. Morrow, clerk. Subse- 
 quent years, elections in March : 
 
 1872. — Isaac Swift, president; Lanson Dunn, Dennis Clark, James H. 
 
 Hanlbrd, trustees ; Charles M. C. Morrow, treasurer ; Joseph D. Swift, 
 
 collector; C. M. C. Morrow, clerk. 
 1873. — Peter C. Hanford, president; Lanson Dunn, J. Harvey Hanford, 
 
 Charles D. Van Fleet, trustees; Richard Casterlin, collector; CM. 
 
 C. Morrow, treasurer; N. C. Hanford, clerk. 
 1874. — Peter C. Hanford, president; Lanson Dunn, Charles Tan Fleet, 
 
 Chlistopher Haggerty, trustees ; Bradner P. Doty, collector ; William 
 
 Culverwell, treasurer; N. C. Ilahford, clerk. 
 1875. — Dennis Clark, president; Christopher Haggerty, A. W. Van Fleet, 
 
 Wm.W. Tuthill, trustees; Asa D. Elston, collector; Wm. Culverwell, 
 
 treasurer; N. C. Hanford, clerk. 
 1876. — Dennis Clark, president; Andrew Van Fleet, Wm. W. Tuthill, J. 
 
 Harvey Hanford, trustees; David Owen, collector ; Wm. Culverwell, 
 
 treasurer; N. C. Hanford, clerk. 
 1S77.— Dennis Clark, president ; A. W. Van Fleet, W. W. Tuthill, J. H. 
 
 Hanford, trustees; Bradner P. Doty, collector; William Culverwell, 
 
 treasurer ; N. C. Hanford, clerk. 
 1878. — M. S. Hayne, president ; Wm. W. Tuthill, E. Swezy, Jesse Rosen- 
 
 crans, trustees; T. J. Casterlin, collector; Wm. Culverwell, treas- 
 urer; N. C. Hanford, clerk. 
 1879.— M.S. Hayne, president ; Wm. W. Tuthill, J. Harvey Hanford, A. W. 
 
 Van Fleet, trustees ; Joseph P . Swift, collector ; William, Culverwell, 
 
 treasurer; N. C. Hanford, clerk. 
 1880.— M. S. Hayne, president; J. H. Hanford, A. W. Van Fleet, Wm. W. 
 
 Tuthill, trustees; N. C. Hanford, collector; Wm. Culverwell, treas- 
 urer; N. C. Hanford, clerk. 
 
 Other oflBcers for the first year were: 1871-72, B. 
 P. Doty, street commissioner ; William Green, police 
 constable. 
 
 For the present j^ear, 1880-81, Lanson Dunn, street 
 commissioner ; Richard Casterlin, pound-master ; Jos- 
 eph D. Kimber, police constable. 
 
 WESTTOWN 
 was the only village in the western part of the town 
 at the time of its settlement, and undoubtedly de- 
 rives its name from this circumstance. It is an old- 
 time place, beautifully situated on elevated ground, 
 commanding a fine view of the pleasant Rutger's 
 Valley. Its present business may be summarily stated 
 as follows : post-office, kept by Jonathan Sayre ; 
 store, general merchandise, by Edwin Hartwell ; 
 hardware-store and tin-shop, by F. and V. Linke ; 
 I grocery-store, by Oscar Terwilliger ; harness-shop, by 
 
666 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 J. DuBois, who has worked at the business fifty years 
 consecutively ; blacksmithing and wagon-shops, by 
 Ira Parsons and by Samuel Sinsabaugh ; creamery, 
 by Squire Hill ; Terwilliger's creamery, two miles or 
 more away on the Lower Road; hotel, by Jlrs. S. J. 
 Fisk ; shoemaker, Malcolm McPhei:son ; coal, lum- 
 ber, and feed, by J. V. Halsey ; surveying, Alva Sey- 
 bolt ; and station-agent, John H. Sholl. The 
 churches, the large school-house, and quite a number 
 of fine private residences together make up a rural 
 village that fairly challenges comparison with any 
 other in this section of the county. 
 
 GARDNERVILLE 
 was a small hamlet on the east boundary of the town, 
 and grew up around the mills located there. Like 
 so many other villages in this county, it was named 
 in honor of an early settler. Ira Gardner was a mill- 
 owner and merchant at this point. (See Wawayanda.) 
 
 MILLSBURGH 
 is on the north line of the town, the dwellings and 
 the business places being mostly on the other side of 
 Rutger's Creek, and hence in the town of Wawayanda. 
 This place was formerly known as Racine, from Mr. 
 John Racine, who was a prominent citizen residing 
 there. The place is situated on the outlet of Bin- 
 nenwater Lake. (See Wawayanda.) 
 
 JOHNSON POST-OFFICE 
 is located on the southern branch of Rutger's Creek, 
 in the north part of the town. It is a station on the 
 New Jersey Midland Railroad, O. Harden, agent. 
 Cudney's store, a blacksuiith-shop, and blacksmith- 
 ing with wagon business by Wm. Elston, are about 
 the only business enterprises to be mentioned. 
 
 SMITH VILLAGE, 
 so called, is a rural neighborhood a short distance 
 north of Gardnerville. Formerly it was a smart busi- 
 ness place. There were stores, hotels, and shops. 
 The change of traveled routes and other reasons 
 gradually led to the discontinuance of these. There 
 is now little business worthy of note, and Smith vil- 
 lage has become simply Smith neighborhood. 
 
 WATERLOO MILLS 
 are in the southwest part of the town, and the power 
 is supplied by the southern branch of Rutger's Creek. 
 The place is not far from the New Jersey Midland 
 Railroad at its western bend in this town. The 
 mills are now owned by Daniel Myers, lately by Mr. 
 Kittell, who still runs a store. This is a point of 
 early settlement, and there were doubtless mills here 
 before 1800. As noticed elsewhere, the Willcoxes 
 were early settlers and business men at this point. 
 
 VI.-SCHOOLS. 
 
 Under the earlier school law, the provisions of which 
 seem to have been inoperative and quickly abandoned. 
 
 school commissioners were chosen at the annual town- 
 meeting of 1796 as follows : Henry Tooker, Jonathan 
 Cooley, Jonathan Wood. In 1797 the same persons 
 were chosen, except that John Bradner took the place 
 of Jonathan Cooley, and those of 1797 were re-elected 
 in 1798. This appears to have been the end of that 
 earlier system. 
 
 During the years that followed, in which there was 
 no oflicial action recorded, schools were maintained by 
 individual effort, — by subscription, — by charging each 
 scholar one dollar a term. Mr. Oliver Wood, of Wa- 
 wayanda, states that in his earlier years he taught by 
 the scholar, — so that that practice was continued some- 
 what after the establishment of the general school sys- 
 tem in 1812. 
 
 In the year 1813 the town comiilied with the pro- 
 visions of the new school law, — voted to raise by tax- 
 ation a sum for the support of schools equal to the 
 amount offered by the State, and chose commissioners 
 and inspectors, the former having authority to form, 
 alter, or dissolve districts and distribute the public 
 money ; the latter examining teachers, certifying to 
 their qualifications, and inspecting the schools. This 
 system continued until 1843, and during that period 
 the following persons served one or more years each 
 as commissioners, the number annually chosen being 
 three: George Phillips, Joshua Sayre, James Van 
 Fleet, Jr., James Eldred, Jonathan Brown, Daniel 
 Dunning, Joshua Van Auken, John D. Wood, Isaac 
 Cook, David Robertson, Francis Kelly, Hulet Clark, 
 Stephen W. Fullerton, Benjamin L. Manning, Squire 
 Lee, Samuel Knapp, Charles Monell, David H. Slau- 
 son, Abijali Wells, Increase B. Stoddard, John Jack- 
 son, Wiimot Moore, Daniel W. Gedney, James Little, 
 Benjamin Moore, Allen Irwin, Roswell Mead, Doras- 
 tus Brown, Increase Mather, Hugh McConnell, John 
 Roberts, Frederick Dolsen, William Graham, Calvin 
 Hallock, Wakeman B. Oakley, John C. Owen, Charles 
 Mills, John Whiting, Charles S. Lee, Alfred Reed, 
 Edward Shute, Richard M. Tuthill, James M. Reeve, 
 Charles S. Lee, John L. Knapp, James F. Clark, 
 Samuel Slauson, Jacob M. Johnson, Henry C. Halsey, 
 Braddock R. Dunning, Daniel T. Howell, Jesse Green, 
 Wallace Clark, William Diekerson, Henry Clark, 
 James A. Smith. 
 
 During the same period the following persons 
 served one or more years each as inspector of schools : 
 Rev. Thomas Grier, Dr. John T. Jansen, Jr., John 
 Peckham, Henry Ball, Jonathan Brown, Francis 
 Kelly, James Scribner, Samuel Holbert, George 
 Phillips, John S. Swezey, Alexander T. Bodle, Francis 
 Kelly, Roswell Mead, Thomas P. Youngs, John Hal- 
 lock, Jr., Jeremiah Van Auken, Stephen W. Fullerton, 
 Isaac Cook, Phineas Terry, Marcus Stickney, Apollos 
 Jessup, Gabriel Sayres, Solomon Van Fleet, James 
 Hulse, Alexander Boyd, Simon M. Stoddard, Bryan 
 Garrihan, Thomas Royce, Jonathan Carpenter, Wil- 
 liam H. Newkirk, James Hulse, Joseph Halsted, 
 Jonathan Bailey, Harvey Horton, Merritt H. Cash,. 
 

MINISINK. 
 
 667 
 
 Harvey Hallock, Dorastus Brown, Horace Armstrong, 
 George N. Wood, Roswell Mead, James F. Clark, 
 Henry Clark, Seth Tompkins, Charles A. Dolsen, 
 Richard M. Tuthill, William Mouell, Erastus Stick- 
 ney, Richard Hallock, Alexander I. Johnson, Increase 
 Mathers, DewittC. Hallock, James M. Reeve, Horace 
 H. Stewart, John C. McConnell, Lewis Armstrong. 
 
 The commissioners first chosen in 1813 divided the 
 old town of Minisink into twenty-six school districts, 
 under date of June 21st of that year. These are re- 
 corded in full, and we have included them in the 
 chapters upon Deerpark, Minisink, Greenville, and 
 Wawayanda, as the most concise and yet comprehen- 
 sive method of determining the names of the families 
 then residing upon this large territory. 
 
 Under date of Oct. 17, 1823, the commissioners 
 erected district No. 28 out of the part soon after set 
 off to Deerpark, with the following boundaries : " Be- 
 ginning at the Delaware River, where the line of the 
 lands of Stephen St. John and Samuel Caskey inter- 
 sects said river ; from thence running with said line 
 between them northeasterly to the mountain ; thence 
 a northeast course to the line of the town of Deer- 
 park, all northwesterly of said line to be a school dis- 
 trict by itself." The next year, however, they united 
 Districts 28 and 21, with the following boundaries: 
 " Which district begins at the house owned by Nathan 
 Van Auken, on the west side of the Neversink River, 
 and including all the inhabitants on the west side of 
 said river until it meets the Delaware River, and up 
 said Delaware River to the house commonly called 
 the old Lambert House, near where mills were for- 
 merly, and from said Lambert's House on a straight 
 line to the place first mentioned." This is interesting 
 as describing the territory of Port Jervis and vicinity 
 iust fifty -six years ago, when it was necessary to unite 
 two school districts to have population enough to sus- 
 tain a good school. The next year (1825) this tri- 
 angular portion of old Minisink west of the Shawan- 
 gunk Mountains was annexed to Deerpark. 
 
 After the change from commissioners and inspec- 
 tors to supervision by town superintendents, the fol- 
 lowing were the incumbents of that office : 1844, 
 James M. Reeve; 1845, Henry Clark; 1846, Erastus 
 Stickney ; 1847-48, Joshua Case. Elected once in 
 two years : 1850, Charles B. Halstead ; 1852, not re- 
 corded ; 1854, Gabriel Post; 1855, Norris L. Bennett. 
 
 The law was then repealed and district commis- 
 sioners appointed. At that time all control of the 
 schools by town authority ceased. 
 
 At Unionville, near the New Jersey line, there is a 
 flourishing private seminary conducted by Professor 
 Hartwell. He had previously managed a similar in- 
 stitution in Cornwall. 
 
 VII.-CHUBCHES. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN SOCIETY AT WESTTOWN 
 
 met for legal organization at the house of Sylvanus 
 
 Losee, Jan. 26, 1790. The certificate then executed 
 
 was signed by John Hazen and James Brown, deacons, 
 and the trustees named were James Brown, Frederic 
 Delano, Henry Tooker, Amos Willcox, John Davis, 
 Jr., and John Whittaker. This church is rather 
 noted for the number of times it has deemed it neces- 
 sary to effect a re-incorporation. March 10, 1803, a 
 second certificate was recorded, including the names 
 of Paul Lee, Jacob Cole, Ezra Corwin, Richard Whit- 
 taker, Joshua Sayre, and Cotton Mather. A third 
 certifica'te, under date of Aug. 19, 1805, contains the 
 names of Sylvanus Losee, Cotton Mather, David 
 Christie, Ezra Corwin, Joshua Sayre, Israel Lee, 
 Henry Tooker. A fourth certificate, under date of 
 Sept. 14, 1807, contains the names of John Neely, 
 Benjamin Cole, Cotton Mather, Ezra Corwin, Israel 
 Lee, David Christie, Joshua Sayre, and Henry Tooker. 
 A fifth certificate, dated March 28, 1842, contains the 
 names of John Dunkin, Silas C. Brown, David W. 
 Clark, Isaac M. Decker, Daniel Lee, Dorastus Brown, 
 Virgil M. Dunning, Joel J. Bishop. 
 
 The earliest certiticate above shows the original 
 fact that, the church was Presbyterian in 1790. The 
 changes indicated by the above various papers are to 
 some extent shown in the following valuable article 
 by the pastor. Rev. L. T. Shuler : 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF WESTTOWN. 
 
 As far back as 1794 there was a Reformed Church 
 at this place, for in that year letters were received by 
 I the Particular Synod of that body, from the " Con- 
 gregations of Clove and Westtown, containing com- 
 plaints that the licentiates had not visited them." 
 Corwin's Manual gives the date of organization as 
 1791. In 1797 the Rev. Ellas Van Benschoteu ac- 
 cepted a call from the united congregations of Clove 
 and Westtown. Some time before 1812 these con- 
 gregations separated, as the following record shows: 
 
 " Mliereas, Westtown congregation a few years past have separated 
 themselves to another denomination, tlieiefore we, the elders and deacons 
 of the Reformed Dutch Congregation of the Clove, being convened in 
 the house of the Rev. Elias Van BenBchoteu, in the township of Wan- 
 tage, in the county of Sussex, and State of New Jersey, do hereby re- 
 quest the clerk of the peace for the county of Sussex to record us by 
 the name of The Trustees of the Reformed Dutch Congregation of the 
 Clove. Given under our hands and seals the second day of January, in 
 the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twelve, 1812. 
 * " Peter Beamer, 
 
 " Michael Decker, 
 
 *' MiCAOAH Deen, 
 
 " Peter Van Sickel, 
 
 " Joel Cboel, 
 
 " Benjamin Van Sickel, 
 
 " Levi Avers, Jb., 
 
 " ISAACK Van Ocken." 
 
 The "other denomination" to which reference is 
 made was undoubtedly the Presbyterian, for on March 
 10, 1803, the people of Westtown met at the house of 
 Paul Lee, fifteen days' notice having been given, to 
 incorporate themselves as a religious society accord- 
 ing to the act passed Alarch 27, 1801. Jacob Cole 
 and Ezra Corwin were elected inspecting officers; 
 Richard Whittaker, Joshua Sayre, and Cotton Mather 
 
668 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 were elected trustees to take charge of the estate and 
 proijerty, and to be known by the title of The Trus- 
 tees of the First Presbyterian Church of Westtown. 
 July 19, 1805, subscriptions -were made towards the 
 erection of a church edifice, to the amount of $1733.50. 
 Just a month from that time the congregation met at 
 the house of Sylvanus Losee, and elected Ezra Cor- 
 win, Joshua Sayre, Israel Lee, and Henry Tooker 
 trustees. These trustees held a meeting on September 
 3d, and decided that the church building should be 
 50 by 40 feet, and that the floors should be laid with 
 white-oak boards an inch and a quarter thick. Feb. 
 14, 1806, the contract was awarded to Daniel Gale, 
 who was to frame and inclose the building, to build a 
 pulpit and deacons' seat with stairs into the pulpit, 
 and a canopy overhead, for the sum of $450, the ma- 
 terials being all furnished by the trustees, the work 
 to be done by Nov. 1, 1806. The remainder of the 
 work was done by Richard Whittaker and Paul Lee, 
 for $900. The seats were sold the last day of Novem- 
 ber, 1807, but the church remained without a pastor 
 until Sept. 5, 1808, when Rev. Thomas Grier accepted 
 a call and began his labor. In December of that 
 year Nathaniel Chandler, John Neely, Philip Lee, 
 and Hezekiah Taylor were chosen elders. This num- 
 ber was increased in less than a year by the ordination 
 of Garret Brink and Phineas Terry. The congrega- 
 tion at this time covered the territory now occupied 
 by the churches of Westtown, Centreville, and Union- 
 ville, and extending along theShawangunk Mountain 
 from the borders of the town of Mount Hope into the 
 State of New Jersey. The pastoral labors of Rev. Mr. 
 Grier were wonderfully blessed. In the year 1815, 
 103 persons were received into the church, and 57 in 
 1816, all upon profession of their faith. In 1820 
 another revival resulted in the addition to the church 
 of 194 members. In 181G the eldership was increased 
 by the election of Robert Carr, Samuel Van Fleet, 
 David Christie, David H. Slauson, and Alexander 
 Boyd. The Session then consisted of nine members, 
 but the number was diminished by the death of one 
 elder and the removal of three others. In 1823, .Tames 
 Van Bomel, James Arnot, Martin L. Mapes, Dorastus 
 Brown, David Osmun, and Isaac Bodle were added to 
 the Session. 
 
 The prosperous pastorate of Rev. Thomas Grier 
 closed on Sept. 12, 1827. Shortly after this the 
 church building was taken down, reframed, and reset. 
 The new building was 38 by 48 feet, with a gallery on 
 three sides. 
 
 Rev. Christopher Cory, of the Presbytery of New- 
 ark, took charge of the church Oct. 30, 1828, and on 
 Dec. 27, 1829, 101 persons were received into the 
 communion. Mr. Cory severed his connection with 
 the church Sept. 13, 1832. Rev. Theron C. Depew 
 was called in April of the next year to serve the 
 Westtown Church, together with its offspring at 
 Uniouville, which had been formed in 1831. During 
 this pastorate Jeremiah Reeves, Lewis Stewart, John 
 
 Duncan, and Morris W. Lee were elected elders of 
 the Westtown congregation. Mr. Depew closed his 
 labors here April 17, 1838, and Rev. T. C. Holliday 
 supplied the puljiit for a short time. At a meeting 
 of the church and congregation held on Dec. 29, 
 1838, a portion of the members withdrew, with the 
 moderator and clerk. Those who remained reorgan- 
 ized, and authorized the Session to supply the pulpit. 
 
 At a congregational meeting held Sept. 5, 1839, at 
 which William Johnson was appointed moderator, 
 and John E. DuBois secretary, it was decided to ad- 
 here to the General Assembly, Old School. Novem- 
 ber 11th, David Christie, William Evans, and George 
 Corwin were elected elders of the Old-School Church, 
 and were ordained by the Rev. Thomas Holliday. 
 The elders of this church were then Jeremiah 
 Reeves, William Evans, Morris W. Lee, David 
 Christie, George Corwin, and Roswell Mead. In 
 November, 1840, Rev. Ralph Bull began preaching 
 at Westtown, and in January of the next year he 
 was installed jiastor of the church. June 11, 1843, 
 John E. DuBois and Henry C. Halsey were ordained 
 elders, and AVilliani H. Newkirk, M,D., having been 
 ordained as a ruling elder at Unionville, was declared 
 to be one of the members of the Session. Owing to 
 the number of deaths and removals the Session was 
 reduced to one elder, and on May 25, 1865, the con- 
 gregation met and elected Benjamin S. Dolson a 
 ruling elder, and on the following Sabbath he was 
 ordained to that office. During Mr. Bull's pastorate, 
 which closed in September, 1866, 65 persons were re- 
 ceived into the church upon profession of their faith, 
 and 43 by certificate from other cluirches. 
 
 Rev. Duncan C. Niven was installed pastor of the 
 church May 21, 1867. During his connection with 
 the church 90 persons were added upon profession of 
 their faith. The church edifice was also rebuilt and 
 enlarged at a total cost of $10,600. Mr. Niven's 
 resignation was accepted Oct. 1, 1875. 
 
 The present pastor. Rev. L. T. Shuler, began his 
 labor here Oct. 1, 1876. Since that time 46 have 
 united with the church upon profession, and 13 by 
 certificate. The total number of communicants is 
 164; the Sabbath-school membership, 95. 
 
 The officers are as follows: Elders, John E. Du- 
 Bois, John Rutan, George S. Sayer, Albert A. 
 Seymour, M.D. ; Superintendent of Sunday-school, 
 Thomas S. Hulse ; Assistant Superintendent of Sun- 
 day-school, Jonathan Sayer ; Librarian, Charles Lain ; 
 Secretary, William H. Halsey. 
 
 ■ There is a Ladies' Home and Foreign Missionary 
 Society connected with the church, of which Mrs. 
 M. L. Evans is president, and Miss Mary Louise 
 King, secretary. Its meetings are held monthly. 
 The regular church prayer-meeting, a young men's 
 meeting, and a ladies' prayer-meeting constitute the 
 regular week-day services. The parsonage and lot, 
 which was donated in 1866 by the fiiraily of the late 
 William Evans, is now valued at $1200. 
 
MINISINK. 
 
 669 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF UNION- 
 VILLE 
 
 effected a legal organization March 20, 1803. The 
 proceedings were signed by Thomas Grier and Her- 
 man Herrick. The meeting was held at " the common 
 school-room of Unionville," and the trustees chosen 
 were Richard Whitaker, Samuel Van Fleet, and 
 James Clark. The sketch given below from the pas- 
 tor of the church dates the organization from 1831, 
 but the above record shows that in a legal .sense 
 movements for a separate organization from that of 
 Westtown were much earlier. In 1853 there is also 
 recorded a certificate under the title of the New-School 
 Presbyterian Church of Unionville, containing the 
 names of Benjamin Van Fleet, Peter C. Hanford, 
 Henry D. Elmer, Marcus S. Hayne, and Asa Smith. 
 
 " A petition signed by sixty-seven members of the 
 Presbyterian Church in Westtown, N. Y., requesting 
 to be set off from said church with a view of being 
 organized into a Presbyterian Cliurch at Unionville, 
 N. Y., was presented to the Presbytery of Hudson by 
 Joseph A. Bunnell, Sept. 14, 1831. Whereupon Pres- 
 bytery granted said petition, and appointed a com- 
 mittee consisting of Rev. Messrs. Timlow, Cummins, 
 and Wood, who organized a church at Unionville 
 Sept. 20. 1831, composed of the following persons: 
 Samuel Van Fleet, Sarah Van Fleet, Richard Whit- 
 aker, Jane Van Fleet, James Van Fleet, Mary Van 
 Fleet, Hannah Pierson, BernyMiddaugh, Sarah Mid- 
 daugh, Leonard Middaugh, Moses D. Rogers, Mary 
 Clark, Susan Whitaker, Deborah Smith, Phebe M. 
 Smith, Jacob Whitaker, Martha Whitaker, Samuel 
 V. Myers, Stephen G. Smith, Daniel Myers, Julia 
 Myers, Hannah Myers, Catherine Myers, VV^illiam O. 
 Smith, Isaiah Clark, Samuel Van Fleet, Jr., Belinda 
 Van Fleet, Jane V. Pierson, Elizabeth M. Pierson, 
 Elizabeth Pierson, Joseph A. Bonnell, Joanna Bon- 
 nell, Timothy Scidmore, Alfred Bullock, Hannah 
 Bullock, Theophilus H. Pierson, Mary Austin, Elijah 
 Middaugh, Anna Scidmore, Nancy Watkins, Eliza- 
 beth Kimber, Caty Kimber, Jane Shepherd, Eliza 
 Jane Shepherd, Lewis Whitaker, Phebe Whitaker, 
 John Whitaker, Samuel Clark, James Clark, Catha- 
 rine Clark, Abraham Clark. P^ranees D. Clark, Jane 
 Miller, John C. Wisner, Sally Conger, Jane R. Clark, 
 Joanna Smith, Harminda Smith, James W. Dekay, 
 Thomas Miller, Abigail Miller, Mary Carr, Lydia 
 Fuller, Hannah Clark, Jonathan Clark, Abraham 
 Irwin, Mary Irwin, Caty Middaugh. 
 
 "The Presbyterian church was built in 1825, at a 
 cost of $2500; size, 40 by 36 feet. The building was 
 subseipiently remodeled and enl^irged, and, more re- 
 cently, a lecture-room was added. A parsonage was 
 purchased in 1850. The pastors and stated supplies 
 have been Rev. Theron C. Depew, supply, from 
 November, 1832, until October, 1834; Rev. Peter 
 Hanouse, supply, from June, 1837, until November, 
 1839 ; Rev. A. O. Peloubet, pastor, from September, 
 1840, until January, 1845; Rev. T. S. Ward, stated 
 
 supply, from April, 1846, to September, 184G ; Rev. 
 Augustus Seward, pastor, from April, 1847, until 
 September, 1849 ; Rev. Nathaniel Pierson, pastor, 
 from October, 1850, until November, 1857 ; Rev. H. 
 F. Wadsworth, pastor, from December, 1868, and still 
 continued in charge, 1880. 
 
 "The following is the list of elders : Samuel Van 
 Fleet, Moses D. Rogers, Samuel Van Fleet, Jr., Alfred 
 Bullock, Lewis Whitaker, .Joseph Chandler, Ben- 
 jamin Moffat, Benjamin Newkirk, Peter C. Hanford, 
 Benjamin Haynes, John Smith, Benjamin Van Fleet, 
 Marcus S. Haynes, Levi Truex, Jesse Owen, Gamaliel 
 Russell, Isaac Swift, Asa Smith, Samuel Hartwell, 
 Jonathan L. Whitaker, James H. Hanford. 
 
 "The Sabbath-school has been in successful opera- 
 tion since the organization of the church, and is now 
 in a prosperous condition. The present officers of the 
 church are H. F. Wadsworth, pastor ; Isaac Swift, 
 Marcus S. Haynes, Asa Smith, Samuel S. Hartwell, 
 Jonathan L. Whitaker, James H. Hanford, elders; 
 Asa Smith, Dennis Clark, Jonathan L. Whitaker, 
 James H. Hanford, Ezra Smith, trustees." 
 
 THE ORANliE BAPTIST CHURCH OF UNIONVILLE 
 
 effected a legal organization Feb. 21, 1855. The pro- 
 ceedings were signed by William Tuthill and Richard 
 A. Lain. The pastor of the church was Rev. J. T. 
 Grimley. The trustees chosen were David Lain, Wil- 
 liam Tuthill, and Elijah Bennett. This legal paper 
 represents a church of much older date, as shown in 
 the following sketch furnished by the pastor: 
 
 " The Orange Baptist Church of Unionville was or- 
 ganized in the fall of 1822. It was composed of 125 
 members, all of whom brought letters of dismission 
 from churches in the vicinity round about. One hun- 
 
 ' dred came from the Second Baptist Church of Wan- 
 
 1 tage, N. J., 7 from the First Baptist Church of Wan- 
 tage, and 18 from the Baptist Church of Brookfield 
 (now Slate Hill), N. Y. 
 
 " Its first and only house of worship put up for its 
 own use was built in the spring and summer of 1822, 
 and was ready for occupancy when the church was 
 organized. It stood about a mile and a half southeast 
 of what is now the village of Unionville. About thirty 
 years after it was built it was removed to Unionville 
 and remodeled. It was a plain wooden structure, 52 
 by 34. Subsequently a lecture-room, 30 by 26, was 
 joined to it at the rear end, which cost about $1800. 
 
 "The church also built a house of worship in 1827, 
 at Mount Salem, Wantage township, N. J., for the better 
 accommodation of some of its members who resided 
 in that place. Those members, to the number of 100, 
 
 1 afterwards took letters of dismission and organized 
 themselves into a separate church. 
 
 " The names of the first deacons of the Orange Bap- 
 tist Church were David Lain, Joseph Smith, James 
 Rosecrance, and Peter Roloson. Mr. Lain was a well- 
 to-do, thriving farmer, who lived on what is generally 
 
 ' known as the Lower Road. For a time he was the 
 
670 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 largest tax-payer in the town. He was a pillar of the 
 church, botli financially and spiritually. He reared 
 a large family of children, who became prominent and 
 worthy members of society. Seven of them, at this 
 date, are residing in their native town. 
 
 "At an early period of its history the church or- 
 ganized a Sunday-school, and has kept it up with 
 varying degrees of interest and success during the 
 summer months until now. 
 
 " Recently a parsonage has been purchased in the 
 village. The house is a two-story Gothic building, 38 
 by 82, with a one-story attachment in the rear, 20 by 
 16, for kitchen and wood-house. The property with 
 some necessary improvements cost $1300. 
 
 " Ten men have served the church as regular settled 
 pastors. Their names and terms of service were as 
 follows : Zelotes Grenell, eleven years ; Samuel 
 White, one and a half years ; Samuel Grenell, five 
 years; Samuel L. Barrett, five years; C. Cox, two 
 years ; David Bennett, two years ; Josejjh I. Grimley, 
 twelve years ; Wm. H. Runyon, seven years ; Levi 
 Morse, four years; J. N. Adams (present pastor), five 
 years, and the sixth begun. 
 
 " The present board of deacons is composed of R. A. 
 Lain, George McBride, and E. Inman Case. A va- 
 cancy has lately been caused in the board by the 
 death of Jeremiah Sergeant, who had served the 
 church faithfully for seven years. Mr. J. Anson 
 McBride is the clerk of the church and the superin- 
 tendent of the Sunday-school. The present trustees 
 (1880) are Messrs. Wm. Elston, Edward Wilson, 
 Walter Van Sickle, J. A. McBride, and Justus Clark. 
 
 " The church has always been in comparatively easy 
 circumstances financially ; never much in debt ; never 
 much weakened by intestine troubles; has always 
 sustained missionary and other benevolent causes, 
 and has been frequently favored with religious re- 
 vivals, which have resulted in the conversion of many 
 to Christ, and in its own encouragement and j^rosper- 
 ity. It has a present membership of 175, and is es- 
 pecially associated with that denomination of Ameri- 
 can Christians commonly called Strict Communion 
 Baptists." 
 
 "OLD ROME CHURCH."* 
 
 Theoldchurch was sold, according to previous notice, 
 on Wednesday, Feb. 2.^, 1874, to Jehial Gregory, for 
 the sum of $20.5, who purchased it in the interest of 
 the inhabitants of Johnson's Station. This old church 
 has its history, and few have a better record. Located 
 in the town of Minisink, on the cross-roads leading 
 from Westtown to Middletown, and from Johnson's 
 to Millsburgh, it has kept company with the district 
 school-house since 1835. From the old deeds I copy 
 the following facts concerning its early history. 
 
 On April 18, 1835, Nathaniel Knapp and Sophia, 
 his wife, executed to John Edwards, Daniel Brown, 
 Isaac Denton, Hulet Clark, Lewis Finch, and John 
 
 * Written by Mr. W. H. Clark in 1874. 
 
 G. DeBow, trustees, in trust, the land on which to 
 erect a house of religious worship under the auspices 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The deed was 
 drawn, and acknowledgment taken by Roswell Mead, 
 the commissioner of deeds for the old town of Mini- 
 sink, and recorded May 30, 1835, by L. L. Vail, clerk 
 of Orange County. Of the persons whose names 
 appear on this old document, either as trustees or 
 clerical, all have passed away save one, John G. De 
 Bow, now residing in Newark. Work was com- 
 menced on the building early in the season of 1835, 
 and in November the house was dedicated to the wor- 
 ship of God. Manning Force, one of the pioneers of 
 Methodism in Northern New Jersey, was presiding 
 elder, and Rev. Joseph C4iattle was preacher in 
 charge. The entire cost when finished and ready for 
 worship was $1000, and paid for at completion ; so 
 no official record stains its modest reputation with 
 the modern mortgage embellishment. At the time of 
 its completion there was no Methodist church nearer 
 than the Wantage church near Deckertown, none at 
 Port Jervis, Otisville, Middletown, or Goshen. After 
 having been in service up to the year 1S70, an attempt 
 was made to remove it to Centreville by a portion of 
 the congregation, and being resisted by the balance, 
 it became the subject of litigation. 
 
 In the mean time a church having been built at 
 Centreville, and the litigating parties mutually agree- 
 ing among themselves upon terms of settlement, 
 which were that the old church should be sold at 
 public auction, and the proceeds given to the Church 
 Extension Society; the sale just made is for the pur- 
 pose of carrying into effect those terms of settlement. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH AT WESTTOWN. 
 
 This church was organized in 1863 from a portion 
 of the membership of the church near Millsburgh, 
 known as the " Old Rome church," which had been 
 the chief centre of Methodism in this part of the 
 county since 1835. The building in which the society 
 worships was originally built as a house of worship 
 by the New-School Presbyterians. And upon the 
 reunion of the New- and Old-School Presbyterians, 
 the building was purchased by the Methodists, and 
 has since been used by the denomination as a place 
 of worship. The present membership is 1.50. Ser- 
 vices held Sabbath mornings and evenings. The 
 following is a list of the pastors and supj)lies who 
 have served the church since its organization: 1863- 
 64, James H. Runyan ; 1865-66, C. E. Wambaugh ; 
 1867, W. W. Vorhees ; 1868-69, S. H. Switzer ; 1870, 
 H. C. McBride; 1871-72, C. E. Walton; 1873-74, T. 
 R. Stratton; 1875, A. J. Fritz (supply) ; 1876-78, J. 
 A. Gutteridge ; 1879-80, E. V. King. 
 
 The church has a flourishing Sabbath-school, and 
 an out-appointment at Gardnerville. The present 
 oflicial record (1880) is as follows: Pastor, Rev. E. V. 
 King ; Trustees, Jeremiah Bennett, Dallas Clark, 
 George C. Lee, W. H. Clark, J. L. Davis, H. B. Allen, 
 
MINISINK. 
 
 671 
 
 Caleb Clark, Benjamin Durland, Ira L. Decker; 
 Stewards, J. Bennett, George C. Lee, William H. Lee, 
 Lewis Halstead ; Sabbath-scliool Superintendent, 
 Rev. E. V. King. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CONGREGATION OF DROWNED 
 LANDS, PRECINCT OF GOSHEN, 
 
 was incorporated by a certificate executed Oct. 2, 1787. 
 The meeting was held at the house of Benjamin Smith. 
 Joshua Davis and John Bradner were the inspectors 
 of election, and the trustees named iu the instrument 
 were Joshua Davis, Benjamin Smith, and John Monell. 
 The same society it appears made a re-incorporation 
 in 1799, under the name of " The Presbyterian Con- 
 gregation west of Drowned Lands in the town of 
 Minisink." The names contained in the instrument 
 were James Steward, Sr., and James Steward, Jr., 
 Israel Hallock, Jr., John Neely, Silas Steward, and 
 John Knapp. The two sets of names are, however, 
 entirely different, as perhaps they naturally would be 
 at a distance of thirteen years. These are evidently 
 some of the preliminary movements which led to the 
 establishment of the Presbyterian Church at Ridge- 
 berry,* though from a comparison of the names it may 
 be inferred there was an intention at first to locate 
 the church farther south. 
 
 THE UNIONVILLE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 executed a certificate of incorporation July 21, 1868. 
 The paper was signed by James Buchanan and Wil- 
 liam H. Foster. The trustees chosen were Bowdewine 
 Van Sickle, Jacob Wilson, James A. Bulkley, James 
 Buchanan, Eber L. Brown, Jeremiah Bennett, and 
 Isaac E. Foland. The same society made a re-incorpo- 
 ration two years later by a certificate bearing date Oct. 
 17, 1870, which contained the names of Thomas J. 
 Ritch, W. H. McBride, Bowdewine Van Sickle, James 
 Buckley, Sanford Hough, Jacob Wilson, S. D. Cad- 
 mus, G. C. Hutchison, David P. Clark, Isaac E. 
 Foland, Thomas W. Benjamin. With the numerous 
 organizations of the Methodist Church at points com- 
 paratively near to Unionville, it has been difficult to 
 sustain the enterprise at Unionville. Services have 
 been somewhat irregularly maintained, but are now 
 (August, 1880) at least temporarily suspended. 
 
 MEADVILLE BAPTIST CHURCH 
 made a legal organization at the house of Ebenezer 
 Mead Dec. 30, 1815. The proceedings were signed by 
 John Myers and Jacob Bockoven, deacons. The trus- 
 tees chosen "to" superintend the building of a meet- 
 ing-house on the lands of Ebenezer Mead" were Israel 
 Lee, John Myers, Sr., John Myers, .Jr., Samuel Master- 
 son, and Ebenezer Mead. This was the foundation 
 of a church now located at Mount Salem, N. J. 
 The building at Meadville was never finished. 
 
 UNION MEETING-HOUSE. 
 There is standing, about a quarter of a mile south 
 of Waterloo Mills, a dilapidated building, ixow a mere 
 
 * See Wawavaiida. 
 
 wreck, that was originally built for a union house of 
 worship. It was occupied by the Christian or Unita- 
 rian denomination for a time ; by the Primitive or 
 Old-School Baptists ; by the ^lethodists ; by the Pres- 
 byterians,— each and all claiming it by virtue of their 
 original aid in building the same, or by reason of its 
 avowed union character. When first built it was a 
 neat rural chapel, and was dedicated some years pre- 
 vious to 1840. It has now been unoccupied for a 
 long time. 
 
 VIII.— BUBIAL-PLACES. 
 THE MINISINK CEMETERY ASSOCIATION 
 was incorporated Sept. 27, 18(52. The meeting for 
 organization was held at the burying-grouud, and 
 Ralph Bull was called to the chair, J. P. Snook 
 chosen secretary. The trustees named in the cer- 
 tificate were Joseph Davis, Samuel Christie, George 
 D. Wilson, Jonathan D. Sayre, Jonathan S. Christie, 
 William A. Sayre. This association was formed to 
 care for and enlarge the old Minisink graveyard, 
 south of Westtown, that dates back to the earliest 
 settlement. The ground is surrounded by a substan- 
 tial wall and is in neat preservation. It is a specimen 
 of what some reasonable care with no very heavy ex- 
 pense will do for even an old cemetery. The citizens 
 may well take pride in their attempt to preserve in- 
 stead of destroying (as in too many other places) the 
 graves of their ancestors. In the absence of all early 
 dates, but little history can be gleaned from this in- 
 closure. Mr. H. B. Allen speaks of having seen one 
 date of 1765, or about that, but the initials were illegi- 
 ble. That of Dr. Rosecrans, as reported by Mr. Han- 
 ford, is mentioned elsewhere. 
 
 Other burial-places may be catalogued as follows : 
 one in the Brown school district, mostly a family lot, 
 of considerable age; a cemetery at Unionville fitted 
 up with modern taste ; an old one beyond Waterloo 
 Mills, near the line of Greenville; old Rome Ceme- 
 tery, on the road south of the Rome neighborhood; 
 another one at old Rome, mostly the Halstead family; 
 and there are doubtless still others. 
 
 IX.-LODGES,t SOCIETIES, LIBEAEIES, Etc. 
 THE WESTTOWN LIBRARY 
 was founded by an association formed Feb. 14, 1826. 
 The trustees named in the papers were David Slau- 
 son, Daniel Mead, William H. Newkirk, Charles 
 Monell, Caleb Howell, Howell Reeve, and Enos G. 
 Gridley. This institution existed for some years. 
 There was a valuable collection of books, and the in- 
 fluence upon the community was of an excellent char- 
 acter. Many who are now in middle life or in ad- 
 vanced age acquired much valuable education from 
 
 t There was a Masonic lodge in town in old times, chartered Dec. 7, 
 18(13. It was located at Westtown. One of the latest members was the 
 well-known Isaac Decker. The lodge met in what is now known as the 
 Westtown Academy. (See General History, Benevolent Societies.) 
 
672 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 this early library. More who then studied the history 
 of their own county and of other counties through the 
 substantial books placed within their reach may well 
 sigh over the present age, when so many young men 
 can be found who have never read even a history of 
 the United States, but are perfectly familiar with the 
 latest "dime novel." The library was finally scat- 
 tered, the books being divided among the stockholders. 
 
 THE WESTTOWN CIRCULATING LIBRARY ASSOCIA- 
 TION 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation May 2, 1877. 
 The meeting to organize was held at the academy, and 
 Thomas S. Hulse appointed chairman, A. J. Jessup, 
 secretary. The trustees chosen were Thomas S. Hulse, 
 Lawrence T. Shuler, Charles W. Horton, Andrew J. 
 Jessup, Jonathan Sayre, Miss Mary J. Sayre, and 
 Miss Belle Lee. 
 
 The shares were made five dollars each, to be paid 
 doW'U, and one dollar to be paid annually upon each 
 share. This library, recently established, is now in 
 circulation, and an excellent class of books have been 
 purchased. 
 
 THE WESTTOWN LITERARY SOCIETY, 
 Rev. E. V. King, president, is an association for liter- 
 ary improvement, and well maintained. 
 
 This with the library above named and other im- 
 provements indicate a degree of culture and a taste 
 for the higher and nobler pursuits of life which reflect 
 much credit upon the people of this pleasant rural 
 village and upon the surrounding community. 
 
 X.— PLACES OF HISTOEIC INTEBEST. 
 
 A very old homestead in Minisink is a part of the 
 present hotel at Westtown, now kept by Mrs. Sarah J. 
 Fiske. It is supposed to have been built more than 
 one hundred years ago. 
 
 A very noted affair of early times was the spurious 
 " Chechung Bank," for the manufacture of counter- 
 feit coin. Its theatre of operations was near West- 
 town. "Chechung" is said to mean "I-chuck-you-in," 
 and was first apjilied to a small creek where an Indian 
 was said to have drowned a man. The place where 
 the counterfeiters operated is still pointed out in a 
 retired swamp on the farm now owned by Harry 
 McBride. The end of the affair was State's prison 
 for some, flight for others. 
 
 In the Revolution there stood on the banks of Rut- 
 ger's Creek, near the present residence of Archibald 
 McBride, an early dwelling of the Horton family. In 
 one of the frequent alarms (perhaps it was at the 
 battle of Minisink) Mr. Horton went away to assist 
 in the defense of his neighbors. The family were left 
 alone. Evidences of attack or a vivid imagination 
 alarmed them. They sufiered untold horrors. One 
 daughter was taken with fits through fright. The 
 water rose around the house, and after two days they 
 fled, — a daughter-in-law and two children on horse- 
 back, the mother walking by the side of the horse. 
 
 XI.— INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. 
 
 The present farming of the town is an active and 
 prosperous business. Its character has been consid- 
 erably changed, as in other sections, by the opening 
 of the railroads, and the opportunity of selling milk 
 direct to New York. There are some who believe 
 that the process is not, on the whole, likely to de- 
 velop more wealth than when dairy products were 
 manufactured at home. It is a proverb somewhat in 
 use, "He who sells milk has nothing else to sell." 
 
 XII.-MILITARY. 
 The early Indian wars, the struggles of the Revo- 
 lutionary period, all involved the entire Minisink re- 
 gion in the dangers and horrors of border warfare. 
 With reference to the people then living upon the ter- 
 ritory now constituting the town of Minisink we have 
 only the traditions, the anecdotes, the wild tales of 
 blood and danger which have floated down the line of 
 the generations. The main facts connected with 
 those stormy periods are recounted in this volume in 
 the chapters devoted to the general Revolutionary an- 
 nals of Orange County, or in the special story of the 
 battle of Minisink. As everywhere else, there are 
 prevalent many stories of that bloody affair. Mr. H. 
 B. Allen, of Westtown, is a very good witness for de- 
 termining the truth of some of these stories of border 
 warfare. Three of the survivors of the Minisink bat- 
 tle lived to within his time, viz. : Mr. Harding, Daniel 
 Myers, and Moses DeWitt ; and Mr. Allen conversed 
 with them upon the subject. 
 
 WAR OF 1861-65. 
 This town furnished volunteers as follows : 
 
 At tlie LmtbreKk of tlie war 3 
 
 Prior to July, 1862 U 
 
 Under cull of July, 186.2 43 
 
 From July, 1863, to July, 1864 28 
 
 Under the enrollment in 1863 the town had 1.31 in 
 the first class and 63 in the second ; of this number 
 31 were drawn, 15 of whom were held to service and 
 paid commutation. Enlisted after the draft, one, — - 
 Charles Colden, colored. 
 
 By voluntary subscriptions in 1862 the sum of 
 $1083 was raised to promote enlistments. The Pres- 
 byterian Church at Westtown sent stores to hospitals 
 valued at $70. 
 
 At a special town-meeting held Feb. 2-5, 1864, it 
 was voted to authorize the payment of a town bounty 
 of $100. 
 
 Another special meeting was held March 31, 1804, 
 at which the above offer of $100 was again adopted, 
 but by a singularly small vote, — 18 for and 2 against. 
 
 Aug. 11, 1804, a tax of $2.5,000 for the payment of 
 bounties was approved, and the amount of bounty to 
 each left to the discretion of the town board. Bonds 
 were directed to be issued payable in eight equal 
 annual installments, on the 1st of February, 1865, 
 and each year to 1872 inclusive. Of the sum author- 
 ized, $22,500 was expended. 
 
MINISINK. 
 
 673 
 
 Jan. 18, 1865, a tax of $15,000 was authorized for 
 bounty jiurposes, to be disbursed by the town board 
 at the rate of $200 to each volunteer for one year, 
 $300 for two years, and $400 for three years. Under 
 settlement of this call (Dec. 19, 1864) the town was 
 allowed an excess of thirty-one years, $6200, and for 
 volunteers, $6308; total, $12,500. 
 
 The following list of those who served from or for 
 Minisink in the war of 1861-65 has been corrected 
 and revised by Mr. J. H. Hanford, of Unionville : 
 
 Job H. Lateer, 5th Art. ; enl. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 
 Levi Martin, 179th Inf. ; enl. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 
 James H. Peacock, 124th Inf. : enl. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 
 Isaiah Jaycox, Co. K, 124th Inf. ; enl. A>ig. 18, 1864 ; 1 year. 
 
 Edward Meyer, Co. K, 121th luf ; enl. Aug. 18, 1864; 1 year. 
 
 James H. Brush, Go. li, I24th Inf.: enl. Aug. 19,1864; died of fever at 
 
 Point Lookout, March 22, 1863. 
 Eugene Carroll, enl. Aug. 19, 1864; unassigned. 
 Josiah Conkliu, 6th Art. ; enl. Aug. 19, 1864. 
 William Miller, 124th Inf.; eul. Aug. 19, 1864. 
 William Norton, 5th Art. ; enl. Aug. 19, 1864. 
 Thomas Molony, 5th Art. ; enl. Aug. 19, 1864. 
 Simon West, Colored Troops; enl. Aug. 19, 1864. 
 John Hughes, 20th Inf. ; enl. Aug. 20, 1864. 
 John Dowley, 2llth Inf. ; enl. Aug. 20, 1864. 
 Wni. U. West, Colored Troops; enl. Feh. 10, 1864. 
 Johu Mailes, 15th Art ; enl. Feb. 10, 1804. 
 Seth M. Davy, Co. K, 124th Inf. ; enl. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 William Middaugh, 5th Art. ; eul. .\ug. 17, 1864. 
 James H. Rodiueei-, 6th Art.; eul. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 Benjamin F. Clark, 5th Art.; enl. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 
 Sidney S. Jervis, Colored Troops; enl. Aug. 17, 1864; died on the march. 
 Charles Dunn, 10th Art.; eul. Aug. 17,1864. 
 Patrick Ryan, 10th Art, ; eul. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 James Evans, lUth Art. ; eul. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 John Meredith, loth Art.; eul. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 William Schoonover, 5tli Art.; enl. Aug. 17, 1864. 
 Samuel E. Cortright, 5th Art. ; enl. Aug. 17, 1864 j supposed to be killed 
 
 in battle. 
 Joseph Bears, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; wounded in the Wilderness. 
 Peter Ten Eyck, 7th Art.; enl. Dec. 18, 1863, 
 Samuel Santica, eul. Dec. 24, 1863. 
 George W. Vail, 9th Art.; enl. Jan. 21, 1864. 
 George W. Hoyt, 7lh Art. ; enl. Feb. 8, 1864. 
 Samuel C. Myers, 7th Art. ; enl. Jan. 21, 1864. 
 James O'Brien, 7th Art.; enl. Jan. 21. 1864. 
 James V. Elston, 7th Art.; enl. Jan. 25, 1864. 
 Moses J. Clark, 7th Art. ; eul. Jan. 25, 1864. 
 Stephen A. Smith, 7th Art.; enl. Jan. 26, 1864. 
 John W. Dunning, 7th Art. ; enl. Jan. 28, 1864. 
 James W. Downey, 7th Art.; enl. Jan. 28, 1864. 
 Charles S. Middaugh, 7th Ait. ; enl. Jan. 28, 1864 ; had both feet frozen, 
 
 and lost both great toes. 
 William Lamorau.\, Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 16, 1862; killed at Gettys- 
 burg; buried in National Cemetery; was iu the battle of Chancel- 
 
 lorsviile. 
 Austin W. Lamorau.x, corp , Co. E, 124th ; eul. Aug. 16, 1862; wounded 
 
 in the Wilderness and at Petersburg, and died in Douglass Hospital. 
 Edward M. Carpenter, Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 16, 1862; wounded at 
 
 Gettysburg and Wilderness; was at the surrender of Gen. Lee. 
 Simon Bellis, Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; pro. to Corp.; wounded 
 
 at Wilderness. 
 John E. Baird, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Stephen E. Baird, Co. B, 124th ; cnl. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Thomas U. Baird, Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Charles H. Cock. 
 
 George W. Diramick, Co. D, 124tli, fifer in drum corps. 
 Nathan Everett, Jr. 
 Daniel W. Fredericks. 
 John C. Fredericks. 
 Matthias T. E. Holbert, Co. B, 124th ; wounded iu elbow at Chancellors- 
 
 ville; also iu action Oct. 27, 1804; disch. April 11, 1865, at Conv. 
 
 Cnmp. 
 Samuel House. 
 
 Robert Williams, 143d ; enl. Feb. 9, 1866. 
 
 George Euhlen, loth Eng.; enl. Feb, 6, 1865. 
 
 Henry Dooley, ,56th; enl. Feb. 6, 1865. 
 
 Alfred Mordecai, 8th Cavalry ; enl. Fob. 7, 1865. 
 
 James Williams, 143d ; enl. Feb, 8, 1865. 
 
 James Brady, Sth Cavalry ; enl. Feb. 8, 1865. 
 
 Henry Scott, 143d; enl. Feb, 10, 1805. 
 
 Henry Binger, 8ntli ; enl. Feb. 14, 1805. 
 
 I>unuin Mosher, oOtli ; enl. Feb. 15, 1865. 
 
 William Leeper, 80th ; enl. Feb. 15, 1865. 
 
 Nathan C. Hanford, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; while on the march 
 was injured by hernia, and disch. Oct. 4, 1862. 
 
 William Titus, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; trans, to V. R. C. April 
 20, 1864. 
 
 Hezekiah J. Harmon, 19th. 
 
 Aaron Lincli, Bat. A. 
 
 James H. Merritt, Co. B, 124th ; wounded in front of Petersburg. 
 
 Wm. McCorniack, Bat. A. 
 
 Stephen E. Ostrom, Co. E, 124tli ; disch. previous to May 1, 1863, on ac- 
 count of disability. 
 
 Benjamin F. Reed, Bat. A. 
 
 Oscar Terwilliger, corp., Co. C, I24th ; ticins. to V. B. C. 
 
 Gabriel S. Tuthill, ord.-ser^t., Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 13, 1802; pro. to 
 2d lieut. Feb. 8, 181.3: disch. Feb 21, 1864. 
 
 Ira Wilcox, Co. F, 124th ; eul. Aug. 13, 18ii2; died May 5, 1863, of wounds 
 received May 3, 1803. 
 
 Albert Young. Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. ,5, 1862; disch. Dec. 6, 1803, at 
 Conv. Camp, Alexandria, Va. 
 
 Lewis Rotttuan, enl. June 15, 1864. 
 
 William Riley, eul. July 2, 1864. 
 
 Jnmes A. Ward, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; killed at Chancellors- 
 ville, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Sanniel Peavy, Co. M, 15th Art. ; enl. Jan. 29, 1864. 
 
 Timothy McSweeney. enl. Aug. 16, 1804. 
 
 Charles Taylor, enl. Nov. 26, 1864. 
 
 Dauiel Campbell, enl. Dec. 6, 1864. 
 
 Thomas Work, enl. Dec. 0, 1864. 
 
 Alexander White, enl. Dec. 9, 1864. 
 
 Edward Walter, enl. Dec, 9, 1864, 
 
 Robert McPherson, enl. Dec. 9, 1864. 
 
 Wm. C, Ottaway, eul. Dec. 7, 1S64, 
 
 Raymond Calana, enl. July 23, 1864. 
 
 Edward Gamun, enl. July 25, 1864. 
 
 William Ludwig, enl. Aug. 12, 1864. 
 
 John Smith, enl. Dec. 2.'i, 1864. 
 
 Samuel Edward, enl. Dec. 30, 1804. 
 
 Clos Steer, enl. Jan. 2, 1805. 
 
 George Youmaus, 7th Art. 
 
 Johu Everitt. 
 
 Bowdawine C. Lee, Co. B, 124th ; enl. 1802; was disch. on account of 
 rheumatism March 18, 1803. 
 
 Lee Nutting, Co. H, 01st ; enl. 1861 ; enl. as sergt. ; pro. to capt. 
 
 Wm. H. Hunt, Co. F, 124th ; enl. 1862; died April 12, 1803. 
 
 Joe Bross, Co. B, 124th ; enl. 1862 ; wounded at Wilderness, May 12, 1864, 
 in head, slight. 
 
 Ransom Wilcox, Co. F, 124th ; enl. 1862 ; disch. previous to March 25, 1865. 
 
 Wm. H. Merritt, Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 20, 1802; pro. to 1st sergt. 
 
 Samuel Titus, Co. H, 61st N. Y. V. ; enl. Oct. 1, 1861. 
 
 Lewis L. Carr, Co. H, 6Ist N. Y. V. ; enl. Oct. 1, 1861 ; trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Jeremiah Post, Co. H, 01st N. Y. V.; enl. Oct. 1, 1861. 
 
 Wm. Myers. 
 
 Charles Colden, Colored; enl. 1803. 
 
 Beverly Post, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April, 1801, for two years ; was disch. at 
 expiration of term, and re-enl. Jan. 19, 1804 (aa a veteran) in 7th 
 Art. for three years. 
 
 Edward M. Hanford, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April, 1861, for two years ; at ex- 
 piration of term was discharged; re-enl. (as a veteran) Jan. 19, 
 1804, in 7tli Art. for three years; was detailed as member of post 
 band at Hart Island, New York Iiarbor, and honorably disch. at 
 close of war. 
 
 J. Harvey Hanford, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862, as private; pro. to 
 2d sergt.; was in b,attles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville; and 
 wounded three times at Gettysburg; July 22, 1863, was detailed on 
 recruiting service, and sent to Riker'a Island, New York harbor ; 
 in winter of 1863 wan sent to Albany rendezvous; June, 1864, 
 sent to Hart Island, New Y'ork harbor, and detailed as qr.mr.-sergt., 
 and honorably disch. from there at close of war. 
 
674 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 HON. HULET CLAKK. 
 
 His grandfather David was of English descent, 
 and lived and died in Westchester Co., N. Y. Caleb, 
 father of Judge Hulet Clark, was born in Westchester 
 County in 1760. He married Jemima KnifFen, and 
 their children were Hulet, of whom this sketch is 
 written ; Wallace, married Sarah Smith ; Jerusha, 
 married Moses Durland, and lives in Greenville ; 
 David, married Nancy Slauson, and after her death 
 Betsy Manning; Phebe, married Lewis Seybolt; Jas. 
 F., married Abbie Hallock, and lives in Greenville. 
 
 Caleb Clark moved to Otisville, Orange Co., N. Y., 
 about 17%, and a few years afterwards into Minisink 
 township, where he died in 1840. Judge Hulet Clark 
 was born in Bedford, Westchester Co., N. Y., March 
 26, 1790. His childhood was spent at home, and the 
 common schools were his only educational advan- 
 tages. In 1812 he married Mary, daughter of Zebu- 
 Ion Hallock, of Greenville, and their children were 
 Chauncey H., who married Angeline Slauson, and 
 afterwards Mary Corwin, and lives in Wawayanda; 
 Alfred, Bertha, Samuel J., James Monroe, Henry 
 Hallock, and Zebulon H., all of whom died in August, 
 1825. His wife Mary died Sept. 2, 1825. Soon 
 after his marriage Judge Chirk commenced farming 
 on the iarm now owned by Hulet Manning, of Green- 
 ville. April 1, 1828, he bought 420 acres of land 
 in Minisink, which still remains in the family, and 
 there lived, following agricultural pursuits the re- 
 mainder of his life. In 1814 he received a commission 
 as captain of a company in the One Hundred and 
 Forty-eighth New York Regiment of militia from 
 Governor Tompkins, which he held six years. He was 
 afterwards commissioned major, and served until 1826, 
 when he was again commissioned as colonel of the 
 same regiment by Governor DeWitt Clinton, and 
 served for eight consecutive years. He was town clerk 
 in 1819-20 ; justice of the peace from 1821 to 1834 ; and 
 judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1834 to 1840. 
 Politically he was a Democrat, represented his town 
 in the board of supervisors, and was chairman of that 
 body in 1851. Judge Clark was an active, energetic 
 business man. He kept his engagements with scrupu- 
 lous integrity, and was regarded as a man of sterling 
 worth and a representative man of his time. He was a 
 director of the Highland Bank of Newburgh for many 
 years. He was a man of positive character, and al- 
 though dignified in his bearing, was Democratic in his 
 principles in a large degree. He died March 31, 1857. 
 
 Nov. 30, 1826, Judge Clark married Emeline, 
 widow of John Greenleaf, and daughter of Ephraim 
 and Amy Forbes, of New London, Conn., and of 
 this union were born Bertha, who lives on the old 
 homestead ; William H., who married Emily, daugh- 
 ter of Robert Robertson, of Wawayanda, and lives 
 in Minisink ; Caleb, who married Phebe A., daughter 
 
 of Henry Decker, of Minisink ; Elizabeth C, who 
 married Gilbert W. Roe, and lives in Oshkosh, Wis. ; 
 and George Dallas, who lives on the old homestead. 
 Emeline Clark died June 2, 1876. William Harvey 
 Clark represents the • Second District of Orange 
 County in the New York Legislature, is supervisor 
 of his township, and was chairman of the board of 
 supervisors in 1876. He was one of the incorporators 
 of the Middletown, Unionville and Water Gap Rail- 
 road, and has been its treasurer since 1874, and a 
 director in its board since 1866. Caleb Clark studied 
 medicine with Dr. Seymour, of Westtown, N. Y., 
 was graduated from the Albany Medical College in 
 1862, and was assistant surgeon in the Ninety-second 
 New York Regiment in the late war. He now 
 carries on a farm of 200 acres of land in Minisink. 
 George Dallas Clark is a successful farmer and a 
 man of good judgment in his business affairs. 
 
 COL. JOHN C. WISNER. 
 
 His father, Capt. John Wisner, Jr., was the son of 
 Gen. Henry Wisner, of Warwick, N. Y., and lived on 
 the Wisner homestead in Minisink, which has been in 
 the family name since 1766. He was a farmer by oc- 
 cupation, and an active man in his town. He married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of Maj. Peter Butholp, May 16, 
 1790, and their children were Susan, married David 
 Lee; Mary, died young; Elizabeth, married Richard 
 Whitaker ; Agnes, married Nathaniel Chandler ; 
 Anna, died young; Tira Maria, died young; Henry, 
 deceased ; John C, the subject of this sketch ; Tem- 
 perance Ann, married John Slauson ; and Harriet, 
 married Daniel Sayre. Capt. John Wisner, Jr., died 
 April 23, 1811. His wife died Sept. 16, 1843. 
 
 Col. John C. Wisner was born on the homestead 
 April 6, 1803. His father dying when he was a boy, 
 he was somewhat early in life taught what it was to 
 depend on himself. After getting a common-school 
 education, at the age of nineteen he married Mary, 
 daughter of Peter and Hannah (Fancher) Weed, of 
 Fairfield Co., Conn., and commenced life as a farmer 
 on the homestead. Here we find Col. Wisner attend- 
 ing to the duties of his fireside and farm during his 
 lifetime. His children were Peter, born June 19, 1823, 
 died in New York, July 6, 1852 ; William H., born 
 Sept. 7, 1825, died in November, 1876; Andrew J., 
 born Feb. 13, 1827, died in Australia, April 24, 1853; 
 Gabriel, born Nov. 11, 1828, died March 7, 1866 ; Har- 
 riet, married Isaac E. Toland, and lives in Unionville, 
 N. Y. ; Lyman F., who went to Iowa when a young 
 man, and is a banker at Eldora, Hardin Co., in that 
 State ; Elizabeth, married William E. Taylor, of War- 
 wick ; John, died a young man ; Mary, born Sept. 19, 
 1840, married Isaac E. Toland, and died in 1867; and 
 Sarah, who died in infancy. Col. John C. Wisner 
 died Feb. 11, 1878. His wife died Feb. 10, 1870. 
 
 The following obituary notice is taken from the 
 Middletown Argus: 
 
/./..^ 
 
 ^/^^L.^.^---^- 
 
I 
 
 ^ 
 
 PETER WERRY. 
 
 His father, Peter, was bdrn, lived, and died in the 
 county of Cornwall, Kngliind, and fullowed agrieultural 
 pursuits during liis life. He married Susan Ead, and 
 their children were Susan, deceased ; Mary, who married 
 Edward Hill, and lives in Devonshire Co., England ; 
 Rebecca, who married William Smitbem, and after his 
 death, in 1856, came to America with her two children, 
 William and Rebecca, and died in Wawayandn, Oct. 10, 
 1874 ; Betsey, deceased, who married Richard Gilbert, 
 and whose children were Susan, Elizabeth, and Mary; 
 Peter, subject of this biography; and John, who came 
 to America with his wife in 18-10, and settled in Sullivan 
 County, N. Y., where he now lives. His children are 
 Susan, Sarah Jane, and Wm. Henry. Peter Werry, the 
 subject of this sketch, was born in the county of Cornwall, 
 England, March 5, 1811. His father died when ho was 
 seven years old, and his mother when he was sixteen. 
 The family, being largo and in moderate circumstances, 
 were thus left upon their own resources. At the age of 
 eight Peter Werrj* commenced work. He had no school 
 advantages, and his business knowledge was obtained 
 entirely by experience. In 1834 he came to the United 
 States. 
 
 For the first few years he was engaged in the con- 
 struction of the Delaware and Hudson Canal at Port 
 Jervis, and as a farm hand for Joseph Davis, Esq., 
 and others. On Jan 5, 1839, he married Drusilla, 
 daughter of William H. and Sarah (Gibson) Clark, of 
 Warwick, and their children were Mary, married Robert 
 Osborn, and resides in the town of Minisiuk ; Harriet 
 Adelia, married George Kerwick, of Sussex County, 
 and died in W^awayanda, June 1, 1876, at the age of 
 thirty-three; Drusilla, who resides at home; Margaret, 
 
 married Floyd Baird, of Greenville, and died June 11, 
 J878, at the age of thirty; Charles P., died Sept. 5, 
 1872, at the age of twenty-three; Sarah Elizabeth, re- 
 sides at home; and John J., who married Georgianna 
 L., daughter of R. A. Lane, of Minisink, and resides on 
 the old homestead. William H. Clark died April 21, 
 1867, aged seventy-seven years; his wife, Sarah, died 
 March 1, 1877, aged eighty-seven years. They had ten 
 daughters and two sons; eleven of them married and 
 reared families, and six of them now live in the vicinity 
 of their birth. From his marriage until 18-16, Peter 
 Werry resided at Big Island, in Goshen township. In 
 the spring of 1846 he rented a farm of three hundred 
 and sixty acres of land of Dewitt Howell, in the town 
 of Minisink, and moved upon it. In 1819 he bought 
 this land of the Howell heirs, and lived there until his 
 death, June 14, 1879. Upon the homestead he built a 
 house and commodious farm buildings and brought the 
 land to a high state of cultivation. In 1862 he bought 
 one hundred and thirty-two acres of land of Virgil 
 Dunning, and in 1865 two hundred and forty-nine acres 
 of L. L. Lane. At his death he owned seven hundred and 
 forty-one acres of land in Minisink in one body. Peter 
 Werry is an example of what a man can accomplish by 
 his own personal industry. He was a farmer through 
 life, and a frugal, hard-working man. In politics he 
 was a Democrat, and held some of the minor offices of 
 his town. He was prompt in meeting his engagements, 
 and attended strictly to bis own aftairs. He was an at- 
 tendant of the Methodist Episcopal Church at West- 
 town and contributed towards purchasing its jiarsonage. 
 Mrs. Werrj' now lives on the farm adjoining the home- 
 stead, where she moved in April, 1880. 
 

 c^.^ /^^^^^^.^^A 
 
 Peter Kimbbr was born Ang. 29, 1806, at Union- 
 ville. Orange Co., N. Y. He is a lineal descemlant in 
 the fiftli generation of Casper Kimber, who came from 
 England with his wife about 1728, and settled in tlie old 
 MinisinU Patent, at a place called Pullet's Ishind. Ho 
 immediately bought about eight hundred acres of land, 
 and lived there until his death. His children were 
 George, Nathaniel, Ephraim, Isaac, Josejih, John, 
 James, Zuby, and Elizabeth. George, great-grand- 
 father of our subject, soon after his marriage purchased 
 seventy-five acres of land in Wantage, N. J. Ho 
 lived tlierc but a few years when he bought two hundred 
 and twenty-five acres in the Minisink Patent, and moved 
 upon it about the year 1750. Since that time this land 
 has been owned by his descendants, and is one of the 
 oldest titles remaining in the same family name in 
 Orange County. The stone wing of Peter Kimber's 
 house was built by him prior to the Revolutionary war, 
 and at the time of the Minisink massacre was used as a 
 fort by himself and neighbors. George Kimber served 
 in the war of the Revolution, and died a few years after- 
 wards. His children were Sarah, Peter, Margaret, and 
 Samuel. Peter, grandfather of our subject, was born 
 on the homestead ; was in the Minisink massacre, and 
 served during the war of the Revolution. He married 
 Elizabeth, daughter of James Clark, of Minisink, and 
 their children were Sarah, George, Catharine, Jane, 
 and James. He inherited the old homestead, and lived 
 upon it until he died, March 14, 1817. George, father 
 of Peter Kimber, Esq., was born Aug. 29, 1781. He 
 married Sarah Elston, and by her had the following 
 children; Elizabeth, born April 29, 1800, married 
 Leonard "Wintermute, a farmer of Wantage, and died 
 in Ohio, July 28, 1834 ; Hannah, born March 14, 1802, 
 married Josiah Bennett, a farmer of iNIinisink, and died 
 March 4, 1858; Peter, subject of this sketch ; and Sally 
 Maria, born Sept. 18, 181C, and married Jacob D. Miers, 
 
 a farmer of Wantage, N. J. He lived upon the home- 
 stead, which he obtained by purchase and inheritance, 
 during his lifetime, and there died Nov. 3, 18C0. Peter 
 Kimber, Esq., has always lived upon the Kimber home- 
 stead near Unionville. His boyhood was spent on his 
 father's farm, in his father's grist-mill, and in obtain- 
 ing an education which the common schools I'f tliat 
 day afforded. Ho married Maria Litteer, Jan. 17, 
 1829, and their children are Joseph E., who married 
 Jane Shorter, and lives at Unionville, N. Y. ; Phebe 
 Elizabeth, wlio married George W. Rhides, a farmer of 
 Vernon, Sussex Co ,N. J.; John M., who lives at home ; 
 Merilda, who lives at home; Sarah, who married John 
 L. Van Gorder, a farmer of Minisink ; Mary Ann, who 
 lives at home; and George Merrit, who lives at home. 
 His wife died April 3, 1869. 
 
 Mr. Kimber worked his father's farm on shares until 
 1850, when he bought twenty-five acres of land near by, 
 and built a saw-mill and cider-mill. These he carriea 
 on with his farming until 1800, when his father died 
 and he came into possession of the homestead by inher- 
 itance and purchase. Ho has been an active, industri- 
 ous, and successful business man. 
 
 Politically, he is a Jefl'ersonian Democrat, and has 
 been honored by his townsmen with the office of justice 
 of the peace from 1854 until 1881. He has also acted 
 as overseer of highways, and constable and collector of 
 his township. 
 
 He is a man of good judgment and temperate habits, 
 and his counsel has been often sought by his neighbors. 
 He now resides on the homestead, in a house recently 
 built by him, and carries on his farm and mills. Mr. 
 Kimber was an original stockholder in the Middletown, 
 Unionville and Water-Gap Railroad, and is interested in 
 the welfare of his town. He and his family are attend- 
 ants at the Baptist Church of Unionville, towards which 
 he contributed at the time of its erection. 
 

^^^, 
 
 y>^j^^^ 
 
 ) 
 
MINISINK. 
 
 675 
 
 "Col. John 0. Wisner, one of tbe oldest, most prominent, ami widely- 
 known citizens of the town of Minisink, died at his home, altont a qnar- 
 ter of a mile from the village of Unionville, last Monday niglit. During 
 his long and nsefnl life deceased had occupied many impoi tant offices in 
 the gift of the people, having served in the Assembly, in the board of 
 supervisors, discharged the duties of justice of the peace of bis native 
 town, and was one of tbe bonding commissioners and directors of the 
 Middletowu and Unionville Railroad, in all of which positions he dis- 
 cliarged the duties conscientiously auil for tbe best interests of his con- 
 stituents. Col. Wisner was a man of sterling worth, nnbleniisbed repu- 
 tation, and of rare business sagacity, respected far and wide, and 
 acknowledged to be one uf the most enterprising and useful citizens of 
 the town of Minisink. He was a Democrat by birth and education, and 
 occupied a high position in his party, frequently presiding at its conven- 
 tions. He was colonel of the old State militia of the town of Minisink 
 at the time it was under the conmiand of Maj.-Gen. Gilbert O. Fowler, of 
 Newburgh." 
 
 M. S. HAYNE, M.D. 
 
 His great-grandfather, Frederick Hayne, came from 
 Germany when young, and settled in Wantage, N. J., 
 about mh, upon a farm afterwards owned by James 
 Coe. He married a daughter of Peter Decker, of 
 Wantage, and there lived until his death. Peter 
 Hayne, son of Frederick, was born in Wantage, May 
 28, 1760, and followed agricultural pursuits during 
 his life. He married Martha Lewis, of Baskinridge, 
 N. J., Aug. 5, 1784, and died on his farm adjoining 
 the homestead. Their children were Frederick; 
 Huldah, married James Evans ; Benjamin, father of 
 our subject; Lydia, married Jacob Wilson and after- 
 wards Manuel Coykendall ; Alva; Lewis; and Eliza, 
 who married Evi Martin, a farmer of Minisink. 
 
 Benjamin Hayne was born Oct. 29, 1791, and spent 
 his boyhood at home. At the age of seventeen he 
 went to Morristown, N. J., and there learned the 
 saddlery and harness-making trade, which he followed 
 most of his life. Li 1814 he established himself in 
 business at Unionville, N. Y. In 1815 he married 
 Milly, daughter of Richard Whitaker, and their chil-__gince, 
 dred were Marcus S., subject of the sketch ; Peter, 
 who lives at GoshAi, N. Y. ; and Milly, who married 
 Henry B. Lee, and lives in Chemung Co., N. Y. His 
 wife Milly died Aug. 30, 1820, at the age of twenty- 
 five. Benjamin Hayne afterwards married Charlotte 
 Whitaker, sister of his former wife, and their children 
 were Frances, wife of A. W. Van Fleet, of L^nionville, 
 N. Y. ; Lewis, deceased ; Henry, deceased ; Caroline, 
 wife of O. W. Cooke, of Pas.saic, X. J. ; Jacob ; and 
 Martha, wife of J. B. Hendershot, of Hamburgh, N. J. 
 With the exception of the year 1816, which he spent in 
 Sussex County, Mr. Hayne carried on his business at 
 Unionville until 1831, when he bought a farm of 170 
 acres in Wantage, N. J., and there moved with his 
 family. Three years afterwards he sold this, and 
 after traveling in the West for a few years, returned, 
 and in 1838 purchased another farm in Wantage of 
 166 acres. He lived there until his death, Nov. 12, 
 1843. His wife Charlotte died Dec. 7, 1869, aged 
 sixty-five years. From 1814 until 1831 Benjamin 
 Hayne carried on a large business in his line at 
 Unionville, N. Y., and was regarded as a reliable busi- 
 
 ness man and a good neighbor. He was a member 
 and elder of the Presbyterian Church at Unionville, 
 and one of its firmest supporters. 
 
 Dr. M. S. Hayne was born at Bloomervillc, Sussex 
 Co., N. J., Jan. 23, 1816. He spent his early life at 
 home. At first he attended common school, and 
 afterwards the Rankin School at Deckertown, N. J., 
 where he became an assistant teacher, carrying on his 
 studies at tlie same time. In 1838 he entered the 
 oflice of Dr. Lynn, of Deckertown, and began the 
 study of medicine. After remaining there one year 
 he went to Ontario Co., N. Y., and continued his med- 
 ical studies in the office of Sylvester Austin, M.D. 
 Soon afterwards he entered the "Geneva Medical 
 College," from which he was graduated in the class 
 of January, 1841. The year of his graduation Dr. 
 Hayne settled at Westtown, N. Y., and commenced to 
 practice his profession. In 1843 he married Amelia, 
 daughter of Samuel and Belinda (Dada) Van Fleet, 
 of Westtown, and by her had two children, both of 
 whom died in infancy. She died Jan. 30, 1848. In 
 1844 he moved to Mount Salem, Sussex Co., N. J., 
 where he practiced medicine until 1846, when he 
 located at Unionville, N. Y., where he has since re- 
 sided. In 1849 he married Jane, daughter of Josiah 
 and Hannah (Adams) Decker, and by this marriage 
 were born Albert B., who died Oct. 12, 1876, at the 
 age of twenty-six ; Anna M., deceased ; and Marcus 
 P., a lawyer and city attorney of Tombstone, Arizona. 
 She died July 16, 1856. Until 1870 Dr. Hayne fol- 
 lowed his profession, and enjoyed a large practice in 
 this section of Orange County. Since that time he 
 has practiced only as a consulting physician. He has 
 been a member of the Orange County Medical Society 
 since 1841. In 1868 he built the Unionville Cemetery, 
 as a private enterprise, and has carried on the same 
 He is a director in the Farmers' National 
 Bank of Deckertown, N. J., and also in the Middle- 
 town, Unionville and Water Gap Railroad, and was 
 one of the original stockholders and main promoters 
 of the enterprise. 
 
 Dr. Hayne was formerly a Whig, but has been 
 identified with the Republican party from its forma- 
 tion, and is the present postmaster at Unionville, 
 receiving his appointment in April, 1879. He is a 
 member and elder of the Presbyterian Church, and 
 contributed liberally towards the same at its erection. 
 In 1865 he became interested in the " Unionville 
 Creamery," with Samuel Christie, and since the death 
 of the latter, in 1875, has owned and managed the 
 same himself. He also operates a creamery in 
 Wantage, and does a large business, buying most of 
 the milk in that section. Dr. Hayne is esteemed by 
 his neighbors as an honest, generous, liberal-minded 
 man. On Jan. 12, 1858, he married Eliza A., daughter 
 of Samuel and Jayne (Elston) Christie, one of the 
 old and respected families of Wantage, N. J., and of 
 this union was born one son, S. Christie, who lives at 
 home and is in business with his father. 
 
W A W A Y A N D A. 
 
 I. -SITUATION. UOIIMJAKIES. AUEA, TITLE. 
 W.WVAYAMiA^is ivn intofioitown.lyinji; in tluMVO.st- 
 oni i>iii( nl' tlio ooiinly, ll.s outlino is smuotliitii!: of 
 ;ni inognl;!!' triiinglc, ami, liko that oC olhor towns in 
 llio vicinily. ilitiioult to he aoouratcly stutoii liy tlio 
 Oiinlii\iil point-s ol' tl(o conipass*. It is lioundod iiortli 
 by Monnt lloi>p ami Wallkill, east by (ioshon, sotith 
 l>y Warwick ami Minisink, west by Minisink and 
 (irceiivillo. The area of tlie town, as statoil in the 
 last sni>('rvis(n-s' ropoil, is 1;',;VS'2 acres. The total as- 
 sessed valuation of the town was #S14,().")0, and tlie 
 tax eoUeoted on that basis $(!4()t5."(>. The territory 
 of the town is a part of the Wawayanda I'aleiit, and 
 individual titles should be oapable of being- traced 
 back to the original grant. 
 
 ir. NATUUAl, FEATUHES. 
 
 The town is an irrciiular triangle, witli llic north 
 line constitutin)t the base. The Wallkill forms the 
 southeast boundary, and Uutger's Creek the south- 
 west, except for the nortliwest part, where the terri- 
 tory of the town extends beyond the creek. The sur- 
 face of the town is i\>llinii', and it is mostly drained 
 by streams (lowing south and southwesterly to Kut- 
 ger's Creek, or oast and .southeast to the Wallkill. 
 Various excellent water-privileges exist upon these 
 stivams. son\e of which were brought into use at an 
 early day. as well as in later years. 
 
 In the southeast there is a range of hills nearly 
 l)arallel to tl\e Wallkill Uiver, and there are other 
 high lands in the northwest. The highwt hill is in 
 the n<>rthwest part, and bears the name of .logxv, from 
 .Toghem, who is said to have been the last Indian in 
 this section of the country, one of the grantors of the 
 lands, ai\d whose cabin stood on the south side of the 
 hill. The Drowned Lands occupy quite a portion of 
 the southeast i>art of the town, on the angle between 
 the Wallkill and Rntger's Creek. A large portion of 
 tbem have been reclaimed. 
 
 Round Pond is a beantil'nl sheet of water situated 
 in tlie south part of the town. Its name is emphat- 
 ically cornvt. It is about one mile in circumference, 
 very clear and deep. It has no visible outlet. 
 
 III.-EARIiY SETTLEMENT. 
 It is not perhaps easy to determine the tirst settler 
 within the limit-s of this town. 
 
 • Tor ftn oxplntmtfon of tt»e moAnfng of the nfun«, w* g«n«ml chnpter 
 on G<H»gmi>hf»''«t Nomenclfttnn^. 
 6T6 
 
 As early as I73S the population of (Soshcii I'recinct 
 was 1(117. This would probably eipial only about 
 Itill ,tr 17(1 tamilics. This was t'or the whole territory 
 from the Hudson to the Shawangnnk Mountains, and 
 beyond in the lower neighborhood of Deerpark, IhU 
 there is a statement of the population of Minisink of 
 the .same date, giving the total as 3;t!), or about (>(> 
 families, so that )>crhaps the "lower neighborhood"' 
 was not included in the statcnu'ut for (?oshen. 
 
 It is probable that at the date above mentioned 
 (17.S.'<) the population was in the vicinity of Tort .Ter- 
 vis, (ttwhen, along the Hudson, and a few near the 
 New Jersey line, in the vicinity of what is now known 
 as T'nionville. 
 
 It is safe to date the general setlh'mcnl of Wawa- 
 yanda as diiring the Kevolution or at its close, though 
 a few families were on this territory earlier. 
 
 The following notices of various families comprise 
 about all ihc material respecting early settlement 
 which can now- be obtained from books or tmm the 
 n>colleclion of the older people now living as to the 
 traditions related to them by their fathers. The 
 generation that opened up these forests for culti- 
 vation has passed away, and the historian i-an no 
 longer obtain his fiicts from " tirst hands," but must 
 cull then\ from other sources, either of record or of 
 tradition. 
 
 In t'urther showing the names of tlic tamilics re- 
 siding in what is now the town of Wawayanda Just 
 before the Revolutionary war, we are fortunately able 
 to give the assessu\ent-roll of this section, n»ade out 
 for district No. 10 in the old precinct of Ctwhen, — the 
 last one, probably, made under provincial authority, — 
 September, 177A. Pistrict No. 1(>, with James Little 
 assessor, undoubtedly comprised most of the town of 
 Wawayanda, perhaps extending e.•^stwa^l across the 
 Wallkill, and including a portion of the present ter- 
 ritory of (ioshen, also extending westwani to include 
 any settlers in the north or northeast portions of 
 Oreenville. It is true there was another district (No. 
 (i), of which Joshua Pavis was the assessor, but it is 
 evident that the assessor did not reside in his own 
 district in every instance. The nan\e of Joshua Davis 
 is tound in the roll of No, 10, A comparison of the 
 names with those of other records shows that Joshua 
 Davis" district was mostly the present town of Mini- 
 sink, and there we have given No. ti. District No, 1(> 
 was the rich Dolsentown neighborlxHvl, with con- 
 siderable territorv added, as shown above. 
 
WAW WANDA. 
 
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 " TIip iiliovo Ii » truo lint of tlipiUMipiiiiinptil IhUpii In lll,v DUtvlfl, 8p|l- 
 
 tiMiilipr, 177r». .l,\Mi<» l.lTTl.n." 
 
 .loliii IIiilliH'k, jiiii'o.xtor III" fHiiiilics nl'lliiU iiiiiiu' in 
 llii'.i «(M'li()ii o( roiiiiliv, I'liiiic iViiiii l')ii);l!iii<l licrnrc 
 llu' Ki'voliiliiiM.'irv will' mill scllli'il iil ^lulliiliiclv, 1>. 1. 
 \i llii' ciiMniii'iu'cMii'iil 111' Ihi' will' 111' WHS ilninj; iiiili- 
 Inrv iliily cm llu' Uhiml. ami Irl'l il when il wiis nip- 
 liiicil liy llu- ICiifilisJi. Ill' llirii irimivril to Oxford, 
 ill Oi'Hiino (joiiiily, mill wiis in llir miiiliiry service 
 soiiii' tiiiio in I ho llij;liliiiiils. His luollicr Dmiiol wii.h 
 ivi'liiip us his siili.stiluli' 111 (ho ciiptlliv 111' l'"iiii Monl- 
 jtoiiiory ill 1777, niiil iiiirrowly i'si'n|ii'il hoiii^r (iikoii 
 prisoiior. In \~X'\ lio |iiin'hiisoil 2IHI iioios ol' liiinl 
 jll8t soutli of the |Mosi'nl villiiffo dl' Ridjfoluiry, Tho 
 liind oxtoiiiloil wosl, mill inohnloil (ho silo nl' wliivl 
 has boon known us Uiookru'lil. Ilo giivolho lot ii|iiin 
 whioli tlio Ohl-Sohiiiil Itiiplisl cluinli nl' Ihiil |iliioo 
 WHS orooU'il. It is sail! thai wlion ho hiiill liis lumso, 
 lilulin^ hiinsoir short of nails ho Irinloil nit' a now hat 
 for Olio ol'io.ss viiliio, and with Iho dill'oroiico was ulilo 
 111 luiy tho nails iioodod, 
 
 .lohii Hallook, .Ir,. son ol' .lohii (I), was a man of 
 aliilily. and voiy iiniok-willod, willi a I'liiid ol' por|iol- 
 ual good hiiinor, 'Phoso iiiialitios liroiifrhl him liol'oro 
 tho piililio, and ho wits olootod to ollioos ol' various 
 gnidos in till' old town of iMiiiisiiik hoforo tho division, 
 — juslii-o of Iho poaoo, town olork, supervisor, twioe 
 a nioinlior of Iho Lojjislatliro, and also a nioniher of 
 tho Ninoteendi mid 'rwonliolh ('oiijjirosses. His forinor 
 rosideiioo is the plaoe in lalo years of Kiindall Slovens, 
 of liidireliury. 
 
 His son, Dr, PewiH ('. Ilallork, iiilnrilcd ii lar^e 
 share of his father's talents, lie was town elerk of 
 
 I\liiiisink lor two or three yours, and after the foriiia- 
 tion of Wawiiyunda was suporvisor of this town for 
 1852 and IHri.'t. Jle was ii jjood surveyor, and had an 
 extensive inodieal praelieo. He was also noloil for 
 extruordinaiy powers as a violinist, exeoedinn, il was 
 elaiinod, any player in the State. 
 
 liev, liiiliard Deiidin was horn in ^'orkshire, I'-ng- 
 laiid, in l.'i.Sii; (fiailualed at CuniliriilKo, liiL':i, mid set- 
 tled as minister of (loloy (!hnpol, in Halifax, Kniilmid ; 
 1ml ill eiiiisei|iioiiee of llie restrielions plaood upon tlie 
 ilidopeiidenls mid non-eonforiiiiiuls, oiiii;r|-,iiiMl to Ilos- 
 ton with ( iovernor VViiilhidp ill Ki.'in. He prouolu'il 
 ill Walertown, Mass., and snlisoipii'iilly al Wclhois- 
 Hold ami Slaniford, (!imii. In liill In' I'lnin'iiili'il willi 
 a porlion of his eongro)j;iilioii .'iml iimnni'mi'd the sot- 
 tleiiient of Hempstead, I,. I.; irlninnl In l'',n^jlaiid, 
 mid died in lli(!"_', lined seventy-six years. His sons 
 were Kiehard, Sainnel, Haiiiel, Natlimiiel. and ,lohii. 
 Nntlianiol and Daniel roinovod to ,lmniiioa in llinli, 
 and were instniniontiil in sotllinn' the plaoe. Dmiiol 
 ill 1670 pnlilishod tho lirst history of (he eolony of 
 New A'ork. .lolin romovi'd to Ormijro ( 'oniily, mid 
 is the iinmodiale mioestor of (hoso of Unit nmno 
 Ih'io. , lames, his son, had four sons, — Amos, .Inlin, 
 W'illiaiii, and 'i'hoiniis. VVillimn mid .lohn Hetllod in 
 Orange Coiinly, liut W'illimii rolniind in l.oiig Island, 
 near Heaver Pond, and died there, .lohn loeated on 
 thu old Cnrpentor furin in the village of (ioslion. Ho 
 had three wives and foiirleoii oliildreii. His first wife 
 was.Imio Fisher, of l,iiiig Island; Ihoseoond, l'',liza- 
 liolli Wisner, daughter of Henry Wisnor, l';si|. ; the 
 third, i\Iiiiv (lalo, dmigliter of Hezokiah Oale, wdio 
 livod iii'iir what ii iinw oallcd Ijagrange. 
 
 One of the daughlers of Thomas married .lasoii 
 Wilkin, wdio resided at the plaoe last nmind. Cntli- 
 arine, a diinghter of Samuel, of l,ong Island, married 
 .laeoh Mills, IOsi|., of VVallkill, and had twelve eliil- 
 ilrcn. niii' nl' wlinm. W'illimii Wiokliam Mills, married 
 the nnly diuightor (A' \\'ii-kli:iin Denton, of I^ong 
 Island. 
 
 Mr. Kielimd Car|ieiitor was an early settler at this 
 looation, and owned 100 iieres. He lived in a log 
 eiiliin on the hill, made potash, and farmed il a lillle. 
 .Viler him the farm was owned liy f'dislia l'",ldridge, 
 from Now ICnglaml. wlm was ihi' liisl man who kept 
 a store mid set up a tavern al the place. This was 
 iibout the eoniniencemont of the Revolution. 
 
 nefore the Freiieh mid Indian war, in I7.'"i(), Isaiio 
 Dolsen eamo from l''islikill, Dueho.ss (\i., and sclllod 
 there, at what has long lieoii known as Dolsenlowii, 
 Ilo ]iuroliaseil 700 acres, which was iifterwards owned 
 hy Thoophiliis Dolsen, James Post, James Aldridgo, 
 and Mr. Swo/.oy. Dolsen was a millwright, and mar- 
 ried Tolly Huzzy, of an ICnglish family in >'ew •lei'sov, 
 and died in 1705. His children wore .liimos and Isaac 
 James married riio'lio Meeker. Their ohildreii wero 
 James, .\.sa, Samuel, I'oUy, and .Vlihy, — all of whom 
 are dead hut Samuel, wdio is eighly-two years of ago. 
 Isaac never married. This family is Dutch, and very 
 
678 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 old in the State. There is a family tradition that the 
 first male child born in New Amsterdam (New York) 
 was a Dolsen. 
 
 On the farm of Asa Dolsen, the grandfather of Sam- 
 uel, there was a block-house, erected as a jjrotection 
 against the Indians in the French war of 1756. Dol- 
 sen lived first in a log house, loop-holed for musketry, 
 and afterwards and before the war built a stoue house, 
 into which the inhabitants used to flee for safety as 
 well as into the block-house. 
 
 Daniel Cooley settled on 100 acres adjoining Isaac 
 Dolsen at about the same time Dolsen located. 
 
 David Cooley also located on 200 acres in the vicin- 
 ity about the same time. During the French war the 
 Indians came and killed a man in Dolsen's meadow 
 by the name of Owens, and he then removed to Go- 
 shen, where he stayed till the war was over. The 
 Indians did not come in great numbers to this settle- 
 ment, but only a few at a time, who secreted them- 
 selves in the woods of the neighborhood, and as 
 opportunity served sallied out to rob and to murder. 
 On one occasion three of them chased a man, who 
 ran and crept under the weeds and brush at the root 
 of a tree which had been blown down ; the Indians 
 came, stood upon the tree, looked all around, yelling 
 most savagely, but fortunately did not find him. In 
 old times it was customary to build ovens to bake in 
 in the vicinity of the house, and at the time we speak 
 of a woman in the family of Mr. Cooley was engaged 
 in baking, when some Indians passing at the time 
 shot her while going from the oven to the house. On 
 the farm of Mr. Samuel Dolsen there was an Indian 
 settlement in the meadow near his residence, and 
 their burying-ground was on the dry land in the 
 vicinity. The graves were shallow : a plow passing 
 over them would tear up their bones. At the settle- 
 ment of the place the Indians had an apple-orchard, 
 one of the trees of which is still standing, and bears a 
 large sour apple. 
 
 Isaac Finch located 100 acres in this vicinity. 
 Monhagan Creek ran through it, and he built the 
 first flour- and saw-mill that were erected at the set- 
 tlement. Corwin's factory is on this stream, and it 
 enters the Wallkill below George Phillips'. 
 
 Just before the Revolution, about 1773, Gilbert 
 Walsworth located a tract of land at Grahamsville 
 when there was not a log house from Shawangunk 
 Mountain to Dolsentown. Abraham Harden. Richard 
 Jones, and Henry Devoe were also early settlers. 
 Harden married a Dolsen. The Grahams, from 
 whom the place takes its name, came in afterwards. 
 The family is Irish, and the individuals of the name 
 residing there industrious men and capital farmers. 
 
 Stephen W. Fullerton was the son of William Ful- 
 )ert<m and ^lary Whittaker. The father of William 
 was also William, who was the first settler of the 
 name in the town. He came from Dublin, Ireland, 
 and died in 1786. He married Sarah Cooley, and 
 their children were William, born March 3, 1765 ; 
 
 Daniel, born March 21, 1767; Samuel, born June 2, 
 1769; Phineas, born July 5, 1771 ; Sarah, born April 
 11, 1778; Jane, born Dec. 28, 1775. 
 
 William Fullerton, Jr., died Feb. 21, 1817, aged 
 fifty-one years. His children were William, Daniel, 
 Stephen W., and Elizabeth. Stephen W. Fullerton 
 married Esther Stephens, daughter of Holloway 
 Stephens. Their children were Daniel, Elizabeth, 
 William, Mary, Holloway S., Stephen W., Peter P., 
 Benjamin S., John H., Elsay T., Estl;er I., and Francis 
 E. William and Stephen W. are lawyers in New York. 
 
 Mary Whittaker, the wife of William Fullerton, 
 Jr., as previously remarked, was born April 20, 1766, 
 and died about 1844 at an advanced age. She was 
 the daughter of B«wjmivi» Whittaker, who lived on >^^ 
 the farm subsequently owned by Roswell Jlead, Esq. 
 He removed to Susquehanna two or three years be- 
 fore Wyoming was taken Ijy the Indians in 1778. 
 At that time Mary was about twelve years old. Be- 
 fore the attack, the settlers went into the fort which 
 had been erected there. The occupants could not 
 hold it against the assault, and agreed to surrender 
 under the promise of being protected and saved. No 
 sooner had the Indians entered than they commenced 
 a general massacre, and very few escaped. Mary and 
 her father were in the fort, and both were saved. 
 Brant took her by the hair of the head and held her 
 up by one hand and painted her face with red paint 
 with the other, and then let her go, telling her " that 
 was the mark of safety." When the fort wiis sur- 
 rendered the Indians flocked in, the settlers laid 
 down their arms, and the women and children fled 
 and huddled themselves into one corner in expecta- 
 tion of instant death. John Finch, a little boy, the 
 son of John Finch, of stouter heart than some others, 
 laughed at the odd and grotesque appearance of the 
 Indians, and one raised his tomahawk to strike him 
 down. Brant saw the motion of the Indian, seized 
 and ordered him not to injure the boy. Mr. Whit- 
 taker returned back to Minisink, and settled on the 
 farm afterwards owned by Abraham Bennett, but 
 after peace was established removed and located at 
 the Cookhouse, on the Delaware. Mary in the mean 
 time married Mr. Fullerton and remained in the 
 town. 
 
 It would seem that some escaped the Indian mas- 
 sacre at Wyoming to encounter the same danger from 
 the same quarter at Minisink the ensuing year. When 
 the Indians invaded Minisink in 1779 under Brant 
 they scoured the settlement, destroyed all the property 
 of a movable character, burnt the houses, and mur- 
 dered all who came in their way. Among othere they 
 visited the premises of Mr. Whittaker, and the in- 
 mates fled elsewhere for safety. Mary hid herself in 
 an old potato-hole in which there was some straw 
 covered with boards. The Indians searching around 
 came and stood on tlie boards and so near her that 
 she could have touched their feet with her hand, but 
 they did not suspect her or any one to be hid there,. 
 
WAWAYANDA. 
 
 679 
 
 and she escaped. Mary at all times in after-life en- ' 
 tertained the most cordial hatred for the Indians, and 
 could not, down to her death, converse about them 
 without being greatly excited. She had seen what j 
 they achieved at Wyoming and Minisink, and the 1 
 horrid spectacles were deeply engraven upon her j 
 young and sensitive mind, so that no lapse of time 
 could efface them. 
 
 Benjamin Dunning came to Ridgebury in 1809 
 from Wallkill, where he was born. He is the son of 
 John Dunning, and the grandson of Jacob, one of the 
 first settlers in the town of Goshen, in west division. 
 The family is English. Early settlers at and near 
 this locality were Benjamin Howell, James Hulse, 
 John Dunken, Benjamin Smith, Isaac Decker, Jona- 
 than Bailey, Richard Hulse, John Hallock, Sr., Na- \ 
 thaniel Bailey, Israel Hallock, Moses Overton, Noyes j 
 Wickham, Richard Ellison, and Charles Durling. 
 John Dunken was killed at the battle of Minisink. 
 
 William Stickney was the earliest known ancestor 
 of the family in this country. He settled at Rowley, 
 Mass., about 1639. 
 
 One of the name held a colonel's commission in 
 the army of the Revolution, and was at the. battle of 
 Bennington, under Gen. Stark. 
 
 A descendant, Eliphalet Stickney (sou of Dr. James 
 Stickney, of Newburgh), was an early resident of i 
 Wawayanda. He married a daughter of John How- 
 ell, Sr. They had eight children, — Erastus, Charles, i 
 John, Benjamin, William, Julia, Harriet, and Char- 
 lotte. Rrastus married a daughter of Prentice Allyn, 
 of Sullivan County. He served in various civil offices 
 in the town of Minisink before its division, and was 
 a member of the Assembly of 1857. He resides at 
 Slate Hill. One brother, B. M. Stickney, resides in 
 Sodus, Wayne Co., N. Y. 
 
 Charles E. Stickney, of Slate Hill, author of a his- 
 tory of the Minisink region, is a son of Erastus. To i 
 him we are indebted for many valuable suggestions 
 in the preparation of the chapters upon several of the 
 towns of the county, and considerable material has 
 been drawn from his interesting work. 
 
 Daniel Dunning wiis living near Ridgebury about 
 1790, — a descendant, it is presumed, of Benjamin 
 Dunning. Richard Ellison lived on the place now 
 owned by William D. Hunt. 
 
 Rosvvell Mead removed to this town from New 
 England. He purchased the Festus A. Webb farm, 
 of which Richard Wood had been an earlier owner. 
 Mr. Mead married a daughter of Reuben Cash, and 
 left six children. He held the office of supervisor 
 and various other town offices in the old town of 
 Minisink, and was a member of the New York Legis- 
 lature in 1842. 
 
 Two sons are well-known citizens of later times, — 
 William H. and Reuben C. 
 
 Charles Durland emigrated to this town some time 
 previous to 1800. He first settled near Bushville, in 
 the present town of Greenville, when the whole 
 
 vicinity was a dense forest, and the only road from 
 there to Ridgebury was a narrow path among the 
 brush. He removed to near Ridgebury, and for a 
 time kept a public-house on the premises owned in 
 late years by Gilbert H. Budd. In 1800 he resided 
 on the farm that descended to his son, Thomas T. 
 Durland. Other sons were Daniel Durland and 
 Stewart T. Durland, of Greenville, and Addison Dur- 
 land, of Minisink. 
 
 Phineas Howell came from Suffolk Co., L. I., and 
 settled at Brookfield in 1778. He died in 1814, and 
 was buried in the old Baptist graveyard adjoining his 
 farm. 
 
 Richard Wood having settled rn the neighborhood 
 about the same time, both built saw-mills upon the 
 stream from which the village takes its name. 
 
 Peter Holbert, Sr., is mentioned as a prominent 
 citizen in early records. He was a member of the 
 New York Legislature in 1812. His son, Peter Hol- 
 bert, Jr., married a daughter of William Robertson. 
 
 Jonathan Bailey, who was born June 28, 1745, at 
 Southold, L. I., came to Orange County during the 
 Revolutionary war. He had been a soldier during 
 the earlier years of the war. He was with Gen. 
 Washington at the battle of Long Island, retreated 
 with him across the river, and was probably at the 
 battle of White Plains. 
 
 When his time was out he came to Goshen and set- 
 tled there temporarily. The deed to the farm which 
 he bought at Ridgebury bears date March 4, 1777. 
 It was undoubtedly about that date that he settled 
 there. His wife was Keturah Dunning, a widow. 
 Her maiden name is supposed to have been Jackson. 
 The old homestead has remained in the family from 
 that time to the present, and is now the residence of 
 Benjamin F. Bailey, a grandson of the pioneer. It is 
 a beautiful situation, overlooking a wide extent of 
 cultivated fields, hill-slopes and valleys, with the vil- 
 lage of Middletown in the distance, — a far difterent 
 view from that which met the pioneer when he first 
 settled here, and when there was only one house on 
 the road between Denton and Ridgebury. 
 
 The children of Jonathan Bailey were an only son, 
 Jonathan Bailey, Jr., born Aug. 29, 1784, and three 
 daughters, — Mrs. Braddock Decker, Mrs. Samuel Par- 
 rott, and Mrs. Nathan Parrott. 
 
 Jonathan Bailey, Jr., was a man of prominence, a 
 major in the militia during the war of 1812-15, sta- 
 tioned for a time under Gen. Belknap, of Newburgh, 
 at Harlem Heights, and one of the committee who 
 gathered up the remains upon the battle-field of Min- 
 isink and brought them to Goshen for interment. 
 The children of Jonathan Bailey, Jr., were Benjamin 
 F. Bailey, now residing upon the old homestead, and 
 three daughters, — Mrs. Gilbert F. Mondeu, Mrs. 
 Richard A. Elmer, and Mrs. James T. W. Coulter. 
 
 Jonathan Bailey, the pioneer, had one brother, Na- 
 thaniel, who also came to Orange County about the 
 ' same time, and also settled in what is now Wawa- 
 
680 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 yanda. His homestead was the place now owned by 
 Nathaniel Bailey. Among his children, well known 
 to the elder citizens of this neighborhood, were Na- 
 thaniel, Benjamin, Columbus, Barcas, and Wick- 
 ham W. 
 
 Benjamin F. Bailey had excellent opportunities of 
 knowing the particulars of the battle of Minisink. 
 His father was thirty years of age at the death of the 
 grandfather (Feb. 17, 1814), and of course had heard 
 the matter repeatedly talked over. Benjamin F. 
 Bailey himself was born March 15, 1814, and remem- 
 bers clearly the family traditions of his boyhood. 
 
 Samuel Tooker was an early surveyor in this section 
 of country. He married a daughter of James Finch, 
 Sr., of Mount Hope. He died in 1811. His son, 
 Charles Tooker, settled near Brookfield, and left two 
 sons, .James H. Tooker and Samuel S. Tooker. A 
 daughter of Samuel Tooker married James F. Vail. 
 Mr. Tooker was not only a surveyor, but a teacher, 
 and taught for several years in New Windsor, Go- 
 shen, and elsewhere. His homestead in Wawayanda 
 was the present SIcBride place, upon which he located 
 about 1790. 
 
 Samuel Reed, Sr., was in the town at an early date. 
 His widow lived to an advanced age, dying about 
 1867. She distinctly remembered seeing the people 
 go to the Minisink battle in 1779. Three of her 
 neighbors met under an apple-tree for that purpose, 
 and though very small she recalled the parting scene 
 very plainly. Two of the three perished in the 
 battle. 
 
 Joshua Davis, Sr., was an early settler, having 
 located some time previous to 1775 on tlie farm owned 
 in later years bv Col. William C. Carpcii'.er, about a 
 mile and a half south of Brookfield. T.ic stone 
 dwelling-house on this place was built about 1787. 
 Mr. Davis was the driver of the lirst vehicle on 
 wheels that ever passed over the road from Goshen 
 through Ridgebury. This was a rude two-wheeled 
 ox-cart, and was no doubt considered a great innova- 
 tion by the few settlers in these parts, the road then 
 being a mere path. He left four daughters and two 
 sons, Joshua and James. One of the daughters mar- 
 ried Richard Ferguson, whose father was an early 
 settler of this section, and built the mills at Gardner- 
 ville subsequently owned by C. W. Fowler. The old 
 homestead with its venerable stone house is now 
 owned by James Smith. The mason- work upon the 
 house was done by Charles Durland, father of Thos. 
 T. Durland of the present time. 
 
 Noyes Wickham was an early settler near Ridge- 
 bury, at least he was residing there in 1800. He was 
 probably connected to the Wickham families farther 
 east in this county. 
 
 Reuben Cash was an early pioneer in tliis section, 
 and frequently mentioned in the old annals. He was 
 a survivor of the Wyoming massacre of 1778. He 
 escaped with his mother, she leading him by the hand 
 through the wilderness to Minisink. He married a 
 
 daughter of John Howell, Sr., and had nine children. 
 One of his daughters married Roswell Mead ; another, 
 Samuel Vail, Sr. ; a third, John E. S. Gardner; a 
 fourth, Parmenas Horton. The old homestead de- 
 scended to the son, Meritt H. Cash. He was a noted 
 physician, and held many civil offices in the old town 
 of Minisink. (Ante, p. 170.) 
 
 Samuel Reed located near Slate Hill, on the place 
 owned by his grandson, about 1790. He had three 
 sons, — Silas, Lewis, Alfred. 
 
 Peter Holbert came into this section soon after the 
 Revolution, and settled where his grandson now lives. 
 
 John Howell must have moved to this town about 
 1778. He had been an old sailor, had been on one or 
 two whaling-voyages to the Arctic regions, besides 
 numerous trips to other shores before the mast of a 
 merchantman. He also served as a soldier in the 
 Continental army during the war of the Revolution. 
 He was in the battle of Minisink, and one of the few 
 who escaped to tell the story. Before coming to this 
 town he had resided at Sugar-Loaf. He died about 
 1790, and was buried at the Corners, about two miles 
 below Ridgebury. One of his daughters married 
 Reuben Cash, another .John Roberts, another Elipha- 
 let Stickney, and one, Hephzibah, remained unmar- 
 ried. The old homestead descended to two sons, — 
 John Howell and Jeffrey Howell. 
 
 Benjamin Howell was also an early settler at 
 Ridgebury. Indeed, one of the Howells is said to 
 have been the actual first settler of the place.* He 
 was a Revolutionary soldier, and is understood by his 
 d&scendants to have been living at Ridgebury before 
 the war. He had a brother, Ezra, of Blooming- 
 Grove, who was also a Revolutionary soldier, and 
 noted for having refused to receive a pension from 
 the government. 
 
 The children of Benjamin Howell were James, who 
 removed to Steuben County ; George W., who settled 
 in Goshen village ; John, who also located at Goshen, 
 aud was the father of John Edward Howell ; Daniel, 
 who removed to New York City ; Preston, who went 
 to Iowa ; Chauncey, who removed to Erie, Pa. ; 
 Henry, who settled in Illinois; and Benjamin, who 
 removed to New York City. 
 
 Elijah Caniield was in Wawayanda as early as 
 1 1793, and probably some years before. His home- 
 stead was the^)lace now owned by Fowler Smith. 
 
 James Stewart was an early settler at the present 
 Thompson place. His children were Silas, Luther, 
 John, William (shot at Peenpack by the Indians), 
 Mrs. Nathan Arnout, and Mrs. Wm. Stewart. Lewis 
 Stewart, now of Ridgebury, is a son of John. 
 
 Jonathan Cooley lived in Dolsentown. His home- 
 stead was the present place of Oliver Carpenter. 
 
 John Bradner, the first supervisor of Minisink, lived 
 at Dolsentown on the well-known Stoddard place of 
 
 * The settlement of Richard Ualstead being shown in the chapter upon 
 Goshen to have been made in Wawayanda, 1748, it is not probable either 
 of the Howells antedate that. 
 
WAWAYANDA. 
 
 681 
 
 later years. He settled subsequently to the year 
 1775, and at some period before the organization of 
 the town in 1789. 
 
 James Reeve, of Long Island, was among the early 
 settlers. His wife was Mary, the daughter of David 
 Moore, whose great-grandfather came from England 
 in KJS-") and settled at Salem, Mass. (1) James Reeve 
 and wife had four children, — James, Jr., Hephzibah, 
 Polly, and one who died young. James Reeve, Jr., 
 was wounded in the battle of Minisink. On the 22d 
 of July, 1778, he settled upon land near Slate Hill, ! 
 where his grandson, the Hon. John H. Reeve, now 
 resides. Hephzibah married Jonas Hulse, and Polly 
 married Elijah Canfield. In 1770, James Reeve, Sr., 
 was married the second time. His wife was Mary 
 Corwin, by whom he had fourteen children, viz. : 
 David, Daniel, Joshua, Lydia, Annie, Keturah, Deb- 
 orah, Isaac, Sarah, Mary, Amutal, Jerusha, Elijah, 
 Dorothy, and Julia. The last named is the only one 
 living, being about eighty-five years of age, and re- 
 sides at Bloomingburgh, Sullivan Co., N. Y., in the 
 same building in which she commenced housekeeping 
 more than sixty years ago. 
 
 The above-named eighteen children of James 
 Reeve, Sr., all lived to mature years except one. 
 Elijah died a young man, and Sarah never married. ■ 
 The others have left descendants by the names of 
 Hulse, Canfield, Shultz, McVish, Ludlum, Drake, 
 Carpenter, Mapes, Crawford, and Reeve, who now 
 resicfe in this vicinity, and many others residing else- 
 where. There are living at this time (December, 1880) 
 within one hour's ride of Middletown five generations 
 as descendants of James Reeve, Sr., viz. : Julia, his 
 daughter; grandchildren by the name of Reeve, 
 Hulse, McVish, and others ; great-grandchildren by 
 the name of Shaw, Hulse, Mapes, etc. ; great-great- 
 grandchildren by the name of Mapes; great-great- 
 great-graudchildren by the name of McBride and 
 Beakes. 
 
 The original homestead of (1) James Reeve, pur- 
 chased iu 1768, still remains in the family, being now 
 occupied by his grandson, Wickham C. Reeve, one 
 of the sons of Isaac. This land originally cost James 
 Reeve, Sr., about $1.25 per acre. It is now valued 
 with its improvements at about $100 per acre. 
 
 O. P. Reeve, of Middletown, is a grandson of James 
 Reeve, Sr., and son of David, the first of the second 
 family of fourteen. 
 
 Joseph Halsted located very early at Slate Hill. 
 (See Goshen.) 
 
 John Knapp, a settler about the time of the Revo- 
 lution, probably lived on the present place of David 
 Slauson. 
 
 Christian Schultz had early mills at Dolsentown. 
 
 Phineas Howell settled soon after the Revolution, 
 and probably on the present place of Thomas Dur- 
 land. He had three sons, — Jason, .lames, and David. 
 
 Timothy Wood located on property now owned by 
 Holbert & Robinson. His sons were Jonas, Timothy, 
 44 
 
 Garret, Thomas, Tillet. The old homestead was near 
 Slate Hill. 
 
 Benjamin Smith settled very early where Silas Hulse 
 now lives. He made potash, and the building stood 
 below the hill. A store was also kept there soon after 
 the Revolution, about a mile east of Slate Hill. The 
 date of Benjamin Smith's cattle-mark is 1769. (See 
 Minisink.) 
 
 Isaac Decker lived in the same neighborhood, and 
 the property is still in the hands of his descendants. 
 
 Daniel Fullerton kept an early tavern on the 
 present place of Daniel H. Eaton. The old Fuller- 
 ton residence was near the present tenant-house of 
 Mr. Eaton. 
 
 William Burns, an early settler of 1780, or about 
 that date, lived on the farm now owned by Charles 
 E. Stiekney, near Slate Hill, having a tenant residing 
 upon it. 
 
 Asa Stewart settled soon after the Revolution 
 where John L. Cummings now resides. It is remem- 
 bered as a sad incident of early times that Mr. Stew- 
 art's only son died suddenly while the house was 
 being built, having taken cold by lying upon the 
 ground. 
 
 The Isaac Dolsen homestead, where stood the old 
 house with loop-holes for defense in 1756, was the 
 present John Bradley place. 
 
 To the old homestead James, one of the two sons 
 mentioned, succeeded. He had three sons, — Asa, Sam- 
 uel, James. The last named came into possession of 
 the same homestead. From him it jiassed to his son 
 Frederick, then to Theophilus, son of Frederick, who 
 sold it to the Bradleys. 
 
 As Samuel and Asa are often meutioned in the early 
 town records, we identify their homesteads as follows, 
 — Asa lived on the present Redfield place, near the 
 earlier farm of his grandfather; Samuel, on the well- 
 known farm now the Judge Low property, and occu- 
 pied by Mr. Green. It was on this farm that tradition 
 locates the Indian graveyard, as already mentioned, 
 and where Owens was killed by the Indians. This last 
 event occurred on the low land southeast from the 
 dwelling-house and near a barn now standing there. 
 The frame of this barn is said to be very old, dating 
 back to the early settlement. 
 
 The early Isaac Dolsen house was a stone building, 
 and stood about on the site of the present dwelling of 
 Mr. Bradley. The block-house or fort is said to have 
 stood on the present garden near. A stone in the 
 present wall of the dwelling-house is marked 1760, 
 and is said to have been taken from the fort of 1756. 
 It very probably indicates, however, the date when 
 Isaac Dolsen built his stone house, having lived for 
 some years in a log house. Isaac Dolsen must have 
 been already in middle life when he penetrated this 
 wilderness and established himself in this beautiful 
 location. His son James was in the Revolutionary 
 army at West Point. Being taken sick, his own son 
 James was old enough to take his father's place. The 
 
682 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 father died of the sickness. The barn mentioned 
 above near where Owens was killed is also noted as 
 a place of the earliest meetings, long before any house 
 of worship was erected in that section of country. 
 
 The Dolsen family are now all gone from this im- 
 mediate locality. Mrs. Emmet Moore, of Middletown, 
 is a daughter of Samuel Dolsen. Other descendants 
 reside at Howell's Station. The neighborhood in its 
 present beauty and richness of soil amply justifies the 
 choice originally made by Isaac Dolsen. 
 
 The Dolsen name was originally Van Dolsen, and 
 it is a tradition in the family that the first child born 
 on Manhattan Island was a Van Dolsen. The origi- 
 nal Dolsen tract comprised 700 acres. It was pur- 
 chased in 1735 at one dollar per acre. Betty, one of 
 the slaves of the early period, lived down to within a 
 few years, and could tell many stories of the Dolsen 
 family and neighborhood. 
 
 Richard Wood, I)()ni in Uoshen, settled about the 
 opening of the Revolution, 1773 to 1775, on the farm 
 now owned by William Wood near Slate Hill. His 
 .sons were Henry, Aaron C, Oliver E., Lewis C, and 
 Horace B. Oliver and Horace are still living, the 
 latter in Erie Co., N. Y., Oliver at Slate Hill, and to 
 him we are indebted for many of these items. 
 
 Samuel Benjamin also located at Ridgebury. 
 
 Richard ^\'ood, another early settler, located just 
 after the Revolution at Brookfield, on the place now 
 owned by William H. Wood. Meetings were held at 
 his house before the erection of the Baptist meeting- 
 house, which was built in 1792. His children were 
 Harry, Aaron C, Oliver (now living at Slate Hill), 
 Lewis C, Horace, Mrs. William Greening, Mrs. 
 Henry Durland, and Mrs. Robert Hunt. 
 
 Asa Dolsen's homestead was the present James 
 Murray place, at Dolsentown. 
 
 Daniel Ward is mentioned in the early town records 
 of Minisink. His place is in the present neighborhood 
 of Daniel H. Eaton. 
 
 Freegift Cooley, who held freijuent town offices be- 
 fore 1800, lived at Millsburgh. 
 
 John Short was an early settler at Millsburgh. He 
 had one son, known as Si Short. A daughter became 
 the wife of John Eaton. 
 
 Toshow what families were residing in Wawayanda 
 at a later date. 1813, we have the records of the school 
 districts as formed that year in accordance with the 
 new law of 1812. They are found in the first volume 
 of Minisink records, and are described, fortunately 
 for historical purposes, by naming the families in- 
 cluded in each. In some cases the formation of the 
 new towns of course intersected the districts, and in 
 giving entire districts in Wawayanda they may in- 
 clude a few who, in 1813, lived beyond the line of the 
 present town. The citizens of the present time will 
 easily understand this, and from so valuable a record 
 will no doubt be able to locate all these families of 
 1813. 
 
 District No. 1 comprised the following families, viz. : 
 
 those of Thomas Gale, John Gale and one tenant, 
 George Phillips and two tenants, Robert Boak, Henry 
 W. Denton and one tenant, Gale & Phillips and two 
 tenants, James Eldred and one tenant, James Coyles, 
 David Mills, Martha Cavanagh and sons. Widow 
 Wilson and sons, James Little and one tenant, Deb- 
 orah Case and one tenant, Nicholas Van Tassel, David 
 Lathrop's tenant, Theodore Dolsen and one tenant, 
 John Braner's two tenants, Abraham Canfield, James 
 Dolseu, Jr., Asa Dolsen, Nathan Arnout, Benjamin 
 Wood and one tenant, Nathaniel Bailey (3). This dis- 
 trict was in the northeast part of the town, and shows 
 the families of 1813 who resided in that section. 
 
 District No. 2 comprised the following names : Wil- 
 liam Murray and one tenant, Isaac Reeves, Nathan 
 Hulse, William Little, Silas Hulse, Wilmot Moore, 
 Christian Schultz, Samuel Dolsen and one tenant, 
 Benjamin Wood and two tenants, James Dolsen, 
 Frederick Dolsen, John Bradner, David Lathrop's 
 mother, Archibald Little, Nathaniel Cooley, Henry 
 Stewart, David Anderson, Isaac Carpenter and one 
 tenant. This was the Dolsentown District, along the 
 north part of the town. 
 
 District No. 3 was composed of the following fami- 
 lies, as formed in 1813, viz.: those of Asa Stewart, 
 Daniel FuUerton and two tenants, David Moore, Jr., 
 Daniel Cooley, Samuel Reed, Michael Halstcad, Jr., 
 Braddock Decker, William Fullerton, Widow Tucker, 
 Homes Ketcham, Thomas Sigler, Michael Halstead, 
 Benjamin Smith, Jr., John Moore, Elijah Canfield, 
 Joseph Ellis, Joseph Smith, .Tason Howell, James 
 Howell, Widow William Halstead, Isaac L. Peck, 
 James Denn, Moses Vail, James Higby, George Mc- 
 Nish, Abner Cary, Richard Wood, Joseph Reed, Wil- 
 liam Burns, William Peppard, James Allison. This 
 
 I was in part the territory of the present Mead District, 
 northeast of Slate Hill. 
 
 District No. 4, as formed in 1813, comprised the fol- 
 lowing families, viz. : those of David Seely, Moses 
 Delany and one tenant, Nathaniel Bailey, Nathan 
 
 j Arnout, Jr., Rachel and James Van Seoy, James 
 
 I Thompson, Richard Hulse, Daniel Dunning, Abner 
 Miller, Jonathan Bailey, Jr.,Barcus Bailey, Columbia 
 
 ' Bailey, Benjamin Howell, Jacob Dunning, Isaac 
 Decker, Morris Overton, Nancy Overton, Thomas 
 
 I Brown, Benjamin Dunning, John Halloek, John Hal- 
 
 I lock, Jr., Elisha Halloek, Israel Halloek, Horace 
 Elmer, John T. Jansen, Jr., James Howell, William 
 Peppard, Jr., Charles Durland, James Canfield, Elijah 
 Wells, Elijah Wells, Jr., Jonathan Bailey, Israel W. 
 Bailey, Noyes Wickham, Barnabas Wickham, Phile- 
 
 , tus Finch. This is the Ridgebury District. 
 
 District No. 5 comprised the following families, 
 viz. : those of Obadiah Pellet, heirs of Wm. Pellet, 
 Widow Mary Pellet, Daniel Payne, James Wood, 
 Increase Carpenter, Daniel Sloan, Daniel Wickham 
 and one tenant, Joseph Brown, Joseph Brown, Jr., 
 
 i Widow Julia Ferguson, Widow Ann Allison, Samuel 
 Hazen, Sarah Grinder, Jesse Parshall, Daniel Mapes, 
 
WAWAYANDA. 
 
 683 
 
 John Carr, Joseph Smith, Horace Ehner, George 
 Jackson, James Van Bumel. This was the territory 
 known as the Lower Road District. The name of 
 Pellet's Bridge arose from this family name, several 
 of whom were included in the district as above 
 noticed. 
 
 For the Wawayanda portion of the old Gardner- 
 ville District, as formed in 181M, see town of Mini- 
 sink, where the district is given in full. 
 
 District No. 8, as organized in 1818, included the 
 following families, viz. : those of Peter Holbert, Tim- 
 othy Wood, Samuel Holbert, James Reeve and son, 
 John Lane, Jacob Hulse, David Robertson, Robert 
 Robertson, William Robertson, Amy Abbott, Asa 
 Cobb, Samuel Hoyt, Daniel St. John, Jeremiah Oak- 
 ley, James Mulford, Martin L. Mapes, Uriah Hulse, 
 Nathan Wells, Barnabas Horton, David Moore, 
 Henry Ball, James V. Hulse, Benjamin Hulse, Joseph 
 Brundage, James Owen, Samuel Sclioonover, William 
 Wells, Jr., Samuel Mather, Thomas Wood. This was 
 the old Centreville District, perhaps including some 
 names from the town of Minisink at Millsburgh. 
 
 District No. 9, as organized in 1818, comprised the 
 following families, viz. : those of Abraham Bennett, 
 Peter Mills, Benjamin Bennett, Samuel Carpenter, 
 John Carpenter, Edward How, Holloway Stephens, 
 James C. Gray, Daniel Albertson, Ebenezer Stephens, 
 Elihu Cary, Thomas Thorn, Jacob Thorn, Richard 
 Van Tassel, Peter Van Sickel, Moses Cox, James 
 Rumph, Robert L. Hunter, Alexander Boyd, Noah 
 Cobb, James Weed, Abraham Cary, Daniel Williams. 
 This was the Slate Hill District, or near there. 
 
 For names of several Wawayanda citizens of 1813 
 reference should probably be made to the " Rome 
 District," found in the chapter upon Minisink. 
 
 For some Wawayanda names it may be necessary 
 to consult district No. 19, as given in the chapter upon 
 Greenville, known as the Mount Orange District or 
 as the Graham District. 
 
 District No. 23, as formed in 1813, comprised the 
 following names : Jacob A. Tryon and three tenants, 
 Benjamin Smith, Jr., Oliver Smith, David Moore, 
 Daniel Fullerton, Joseph Ellis, Asa Stewart, Wni. 
 Peppard, Apollos Jessup, Wm. McMeryon, Isaac Car- 
 penter, Nathaniel Cooley, Jr., James Howell, Wm. 
 Peppard, Jr., John T. Jameson, Jr., Nathan Arnout, 
 Asa Dolsen, Absalom Cary, Daniel Williams. 
 
 District No. 2G, as formed in 1813, included the 
 following families, viz. : those of Nathan Wells, 
 Holmes Ketcham, Jacob Thorn, Peter A. Van Sudd, 
 Aaron Halstead, Michael Halstead, Richard Weiant, 
 Alexander Boyd, Stephen Jones, Robert L. Hunter, 
 Richard Van Tasscll, Uriah Hulse, Martha Brun- 
 dage, Jonas Rumsey, Thomas Sigler, Henry Jaquish. 
 
 Old district No. 27 seems to be entirely omitted 
 from the records of 1813. It comprised the territory 
 .south of the Slate Hill District, and now known as 
 the Stewarttown District. The district was formed 
 at a later date than 1813 probably, as we find the 
 
 organization of 28 given under date of 1823, while 26 
 closes the list as formed in 1813. Citizens acquainted 
 with names and localities may find, on examination of 
 the other districts given, that the territory afterwards 
 constituting 27 was already covered by one or more 
 of them. 
 
 An early grist-mill was the present place of the 
 Littles' feed-mill. This was the Cliristian Schultz 
 mill of old times. Another early grist-mill was at 
 Gardnerville, where John R. Manning has a grist- 
 mill at the present time, known for many years as the 
 Jones' Mill. At Millspaugh was also an early grist- 
 mill known as Skinner's. One by Michael Halstead 
 was a mile north of Slate Hill, on the place where 
 Augustus Sergeant now owns. This was a hundred 
 years ago or more. 
 
 Daniel Fullerton kept a public-liouse for many 
 years where Daniel H. Eaton now lives. There was 
 a noted tavern near Denton, where Theodore Denton 
 now lives. There were nine distilleries in town in 
 1832, five in the neighborhood of Slate Hill. 
 
 IV.-ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The general act authorizing boards of supervisors 
 to erect new towns was passed not long after the adop- 
 tion of the constitution of 1846. The Board of Super- 
 visors of Orange County were very soon called upon 
 to act under the provisions of the new statute. At 
 the town-meeting of Minisink in the spring of 1849 
 the following formal action was taken : 
 
 " Notice i8 hereby given tliat the undersigned, freeholders of the town 
 of Minisink. Orange Co., will make application to the board of super- 
 visol-s, at their next annual meeting, for the division of said town, to 
 form a new town out of that part of the town comprising the first election 
 district. 
 
 (Signed) "Jacob Harding, David Carr, P. W. Sloat, J. S. Slauson, The- 
 nphilus Dolsen, S. Stewart, Jonathan Bailey, Gabriel Little, S. F. Gardi- 
 ner, R. A. Elmer, Usher H. Case, Martin L. Mapes, Isaac Denton, George 
 W. Murray. S. Sergeant, T. B. Denton, Alfred Wood, D T. Hulse, B. F. 
 Bailey, Hiram Phillips." 
 
 The subject came before the Ixiard on the 27th of 
 November following. The maps and survey of the 
 proposed new town were made by Dr. D. C. Hallock, 
 and the motion for a division was made by Daniel 
 It'ullerton, supervisor of Minisink. As the movement 
 was thus favored by the ofticial representative of the 
 town of Minisink, who was in accord with the political 
 majority of the board, the proposition was easily car- 
 ried, though by a strictly party vote, the ten Whigs 
 voting for, and the five Democrats against, the erection 
 of the new town. The name adopted was Wawa- 
 yanda, being that of the early patent. 
 
 To preside at the first town-meeting there were ap- 
 pointed by the act of incorporaton David Clark, Mar- 
 tin L. Mapes, and Henry Decker. 
 
 FIRST TOWN-MEETING. 
 
 At the first town-meeting, 1850, the following were 
 
 the oflicers chosen : Daniel Fullerton, supervisor ; 
 
 Holloway W. Stephens, town clerk ; Jacob D. Mas- 
 
 terson, Gideon W. Cock, justices of the peace ; Lewis 
 
684 
 
 HISTOllY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 W. Mullock, town superintendent of schools ; James 
 M. Reeve, John Cuniings, assessors ; William C. Car- 
 penter, Nathaniel W. Talmage, commissioners of 
 highways; Curtis MeNish, collector ; Usher H. Case, 
 William Canfield, overseers of the poor ; Robert S. 
 Robbing, Curtis McNish, Daniel L. Hulse, Samuel 
 A'^ail, constables; Oliver Lewis, James H. Tooker, 
 John C. Owen, Nelson McBride, James F. Robertson, 
 Matthew H. Bailey, inspectors of election ; Henry D. 
 Howell, town sealer ; overseers of the highway were 
 appointed for sixty-five road districts, and $200 was 
 voted for roads and bridges. 
 
 The following have been the principal town officers 
 from 1850 to 1880 : 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1850 Dauiel Fullerton. Holloway W. Stephens. 
 
 1851 " " Oliver Lewis. 
 
 1852-5a Dcwitt C. Hallocl;. 
 
 1854 Joseph Davis. " '* 
 
 1855 " " James F. RobertsoD. 
 
 1866 Gideon W. Cock. Wilmot C. Terry. 
 
 1857 Joseph Davis. '* " 
 
 1858 " " Matthew H. Bailey. 
 
 1859-60 " " John M. Howell. 
 
 1861 John H. Keeve. James L. Mills. 
 
 1862 " " John M. Howell. 
 
 1863 , " 
 
 1864 " " Oliver Lewis. 
 
 1865 " " Wm. H. Wood. 
 
 1866-68 " " Charles E. Stickney. 
 
 1869-70 " '• John A. Wood. 
 
 1871 .\mo8 M. Rverson. Joseph H. Wickham. 
 
 1872 David W. Keeve. " " 
 
 1873-74 Amos M. Ryerson. " " 
 
 1875-77 Hudson E. Hulse. John A. Wood. 
 
 1878-80 Wm. H. Wood. " 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 1850, Jacob D. Masterson, Gideon W. Cock ; 1851, Holloway W. Stephens ; 
 1852, Gideon W. Cock ; 1S53, Nathaniel W. Talmadge ; 1854, Jacob 
 D. Masterson, Jacob M. Johnson ; 1855, Wm. C. Carpenter (same to 
 fill vacancy) j 1856, Gideon W. Cock ; 1867, Jacob M. Johnson ; 1858, 
 John H. Reeve ; 1859, Wm. C. Carpenter ; 1860, Gideon W. Cock ; 1861, 
 Jacob M. Johnson ; 1862, Jonathan R. Lutes, El^ah Smith ; 1863, 
 Wm. C Carpenter; 1864, Gideon W. Cock ; 1865 (record fails to 
 show who was elected) ; 1806, John B. Case, Erastus Stickney; 1867, 
 Wm. C Carpenter; 1868, John D. Wood, Wm. H. Wood ; 1869, Eras- 
 tus Stickney, Thomas H. Norris ; 1870, Charles E. Stickney (same to 
 fill vacancy) ; 1871, James M. Reeve ; 1872, Gabriel Howell; 1873, 
 Henry S. Pound ; 1874, Charles E. Stickney ; 1875, John D. Wood ; 
 1876, Dillon Wallace ; 1877, John H. Reeve; 1878, George S. Cock; 
 1879, J. A. Mills, Wm. G. Stanton ; ISSO, Charles H. Fullerton. 
 
 V.-VILLAGES. 
 HAMPTON 
 is a small hamlet, owing its growth to the fact that 
 it is a railroad station on the New York, Erie and 
 Western Railway, furnishing railroad accommoda- 
 tions to a portion of Wawayauda, also to portions of 
 Goshen and Wallkill. It is only a short distance 
 
 from Denton. 
 
 MILLSBURGH 
 
 is an early point of settlement, giving to it consider- 
 able importance. There is one store there at the 
 present time, by Wm. Armstrong ; Mather's black- 
 smith and wagon-shop ; Mead's grist-mill and Drake's 
 grist-mill, each with a saw-mill ; also a cider-mill. 
 Tliere was an important woolen-factory here in former 
 times, now abandoned, and the property owned by 
 
 Mr. Manning. 
 
 RIDGEBURV 
 
 is an old-established place. The site of the village 
 was owned in 1800 by Benjamin Dunning, Jonathan 
 
 Bailey, Benjamin Howell, Isaac Decker, and others. 
 It was in this vicinity that several of the earliest 
 settlers of the town located, as John Hallock, Sr., 
 James Hulse, Benjamin Smith, Moses Overton, Noyes 
 Wickham, Richard Allison, and Charles Durland. 
 The name of the village is said to arise from 
 "Whortleberry Hill," a neighboring ridge still bear- 
 ing that designation. It was flr.st applied to the 
 Presbyterian house of worship, which was known as 
 the Ridgeberry church. According to this origin, the 
 name should be Ridge6er;-y, but usage is determining 
 the other form of the word. The present business of 
 the place consists of one store, by Wm. S. Osburn ; a 
 blacksmith-shop, by Samuel Latimer ; a wagon-shop, 
 by George Newton ; steam-mills, cider, grist, and 
 feed, by H. P. Hall. Two physicians are located 
 here. Dr. Terry and Dr. Webb, homwopathic. Frank 
 Ellis is the present postmaster of Ridgebury. 
 
 CENTREVILLE 
 is near Millsburgh, on the same outlet. (See Mini- 
 sink.) The two places together constitute what is 
 called Wells' Corners. The po.st-office for this section 
 of the town is at Centreville. The present business 
 comprises a store, by James Conner, and one by 
 George W. Murray ; blacksmith-shops, by Martin 
 Bennett and by Gilbert E. Robbins ; a distillery, by 
 J. & P. Cummings. 
 
 GARDNERVILLE 
 
 has one store, by J. M. Everett; a grist-mill, by John 
 
 R. Manning; a wagon- and blacksmith-shop, by 
 
 Charles Gardner. 
 
 BROOKFIELD 
 
 is undoubtedly named from its proximity to a brook, 
 which, in fact, nearly surrounds it. It was settled at 
 an early date, and before the construction of the Erie 
 Railway was a place of considerable notoriety, having 
 a printing-office, grist-mill, plaster-mill, saw-mill, 
 tanning, etc. It is better known at the present time 
 as Slate Hill, the post-office and the station upon 
 the railroad both bearing that designation. The 
 present business places comprise the railroad build- 
 ings ; the shoe-shop and saloon of W. H. Green ; W. 
 A. Castle, flour and feed ; William Breeme, black- 
 smith ; and the store of Charles E. Stickney, general 
 
 merchandise. 
 
 WAWAYANDA 
 
 is a milk-station on the New Jersey Midland Rail- 
 road, just north of Rutger's Creek, the boundary line 
 
 of Minisink. 
 
 DENTOX. 
 
 This place, originally known as "The Outlet," takes 
 its name from the Dentons, — Thaddeus B. and Henry 
 W., descendants of Richard Denton, mentioned else- 
 where. Elisha Eldridge, from New England, built a 
 store and tavern there about the time of the Revolu- 
 tion. Earlier than that it had been owned by Richard 
 Carpenter. In later years the property has been 
 owned by Theodore J. Denton and Reuben C. Mead. 
 
WAWAYANDA. 
 
 685 
 
 At the present time Harrison's store and one or more 
 shops constitute about all the business of the village. 
 The growth of Hampton, upon the Erie Railroad, a 
 short distance away, has naturally tended to draw 
 business to that jioint. John Straight has a black- 
 smith-shop, and D. Probest a wagon-shop. 
 
 VI.— SCHOOLS. 
 
 At the organization of the town the system of super- 
 vision by town superintendents prevailed, and the in- 
 cumbents of that office until the repeal of the law in 
 1856 were the following: 1849, Lewis W. Mulock; 
 1851, Lewis H. Tyler; 1853, Gideon W. Cock, Jr. ; 
 1855, Moses D. Stivers. 
 
 There are now ten school districts in town, and 
 they are carefully recorded in the minutes of 1875, 
 with the names of all the heads of families in each 
 district, forming an invaluable record for the future 
 historians of another century, to show the names and 
 locations of the people of to-day. 
 
 Early teachers in Wawayanda are mentioned by 
 Oliver Wood as Dr. Harvey Horton, John Hick, 
 Samuel Tooker, Mr. Clark, Stephen W. Fullerton, 
 Aldridge Wood, Erastus Stickney, and Horatio Bates. 
 Oliver Wood himself also taught. 
 
 VII.— CHURCHES. 
 THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF BROOKFIELD, 
 in the town of Minisink, executed a certificate of in- 
 corporation pursuant to statute at a meeting held at 
 the house of Lebbeus Lathrop, Dec. 15, 1791. The 
 paper was signed by Isaac Finch and John Fenton. 
 The trustees named therein were Isaac Finch, John 
 Fenton, and Benjamin Smith. Further particulars 
 are furnished by Mr. C. D. Wood, clerk of the church. 
 The Brookfield Church, once a branch of the War- 
 wick Baptist Church, was constituted Aug. 28, 178.3. 
 How many members, or who they were at the time 
 the church was constituted, cannot be ascertained, as 
 those facts were not recorded. In the old record it is 
 mentioned that an application was made to the War- 
 wick Church in July, 1783, by the members living 
 west of the Wallkill to be set apart in a body by 
 themselves ; and in August following the church 
 sent their pastor, Elder William Benedict, and the 
 brethren Deacon Silsbee and Enos Silsbee, who made 
 some inquiry, baptized seven candidates, and consti- 
 tuted the church. On the following day they or- 
 dained one of their brethren, by the name of Clark, 
 to preach. 
 
 Among the early members we find the following 
 names, which undoubtedly were of the original num- 
 ber: Lebbeus Lathrop, James Finch, John Hallock, 
 Asa Cobb, William Fullerton, James Clark, Betsey 
 Clark, John Finton, Elizabeth Finton, Elizabeth 
 Prouty, Stephen Prouty, Melietable Hallock, Mary 
 Howell, Amy Cooley, Daniel Cash, William Kirby, 
 Mary Kirby. 
 
 The first deacons of the church were Isaac Finch 
 and Asa Cobb, ordained Feb. 23, 1785. The first 
 regular pastor ordained by the church was Elder Leb- 
 beus Lathrop, on the second Thursday in February, 
 1785. 
 
 For about nine years after the church was consti- 
 tuted they held their meetings at the houses of various 
 members, or in summer-time they met in barns or in 
 groves. At that period the country was but little 
 more than a wilderness. The inhabitants were with- 
 out the means to build a house of worship. But as 
 they increased in numbers and became more able 
 they decided to erect a meeting-house, and accord- 
 ingly procured a piece of land of Deacon John Hal- 
 lock, in the village of Brookfield, in December, 1791. 
 The following year, 1792, the meeting-house was 
 built. In 1828 the steeple was added, and the house 
 painted and reroofed. 
 
 At this period in the history of the church it was 
 in a prosperous condition. But four or five years 
 after, the division took place in the Baptist denomina- 
 tion, and the Brookfield Church went with the Old- 
 School or Primitive order. After that time the church 
 decreased for many years, but afterwards was more 
 prosperous again. The meeting-house is a plain 
 building, built for service, as time has told for near a 
 century. It will accommodate about 500 people. 
 Constructed on the old English plan, with family 
 pews on the sides and slips in the centre of the 
 building. The pulpit represents the candlestick of 
 olden time. 
 
 In 1876 the church and congregation raised money 
 to repair the meeting-house, and chose the late Ed- 
 mond B. Murray, of Goshen, and Charles D. Wood 
 a building committee, who conducted the work with- 
 out altering the original plan. On the 28th and 29th 
 August, 1877, the house was rededicated for public 
 worship, since which time the church has been sup- 
 plied by Elder William L. Benedict, who preaches 
 for it. The church owns about an acre of land, on 
 which the meeting-house stands, in the village of 
 Brookfield. 
 
 The pastors have been as follows : Lebbeus Lathrop, 
 1789-97 ; John Caton, 1797-1808 ; Henry Ball, 1808- 
 32; Gabriel Conklin, 1832-47; Benjamin Pitcher, 
 
 1847-49 ; Daniel Harding, 1849-51 ; Slater, 1851- 
 
 67; W. L. Benedict, 1867. The intervening time 
 when the church had no pastor it had to depend on 
 supplies for the preaching of the word. The present 
 officers (1880) are John B. Carey, C. D. Wood, John 
 W. Ellis, trustees; C. D. Wood, clerk. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AT RIDGEBURY, 
 WEST SIDE OF THE WALLKILL, 
 
 effected a legal organization at the house of Jonathan 
 Bailey, Nov. 27, 1805. The paper was signed by 
 Jonathan Bailey and James Reeve, inspectors of the 
 election, and the trustees named therein were Elijah 
 Wells, Jonathan Bailey, James Reeve, Nathan Ar- 
 
686 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 iiout, Nathaniel Bailey, Luther Steward, Samuel 
 Tooker. 
 
 This church* has two organizations in its past : 
 the first in 1792, and the second a reorganization in 
 1817. Its form of government under the first organ- 
 ization was a commingling of the Presbyterian and 
 the Congregational ; the reorganization was strictly 
 Presbyterian. The record of the original organiza- 
 tion is carefully preserved, and is as follows : 
 
 '* An account of the proceedings of the church of Eidgebury, 1792. 
 
 " July 10, 1792. — At a meeting held this day at tlie liouse of Richard 
 Benjamin by the Cliristian professors of this place for the purpose of 
 constituting a cliurcli, — present, Mr. Benoni Bradner and Sir. Isaac 
 Sergeant, ministers, who were called to attend and to assist in this mat- 
 ter, flir. Bradner was chosen moderator. Opened with prayer. Deacon 
 Richard Clark and wife, Richard Benjamin and wife, Widow Hannah 
 Benjamin. Mi-s. Eunice Knapp, wife of John Knapp, members of Mid- 
 dletown Church ; Capt. John Bailey and Nathaniel Bailey, of Goshen 
 Church; and Elizabeth Reeve, wife of James Reeve, Jr., member of 
 a church in Southold, Long Island, agreed unanimously to form a 
 church." 
 
 To these nine others were added on examination, 
 making its membership at its founding IS. Mr. 
 Benoni Bradner was then pastor of the Goshen Pres- 
 byterian Church. Mr. Isaac Sergeant was the first 
 minister of this church, his ministry there beginning 
 with its beginning. 
 
 The reorganization, July .i, 1817, is recorded in 
 the following manner : 
 
 ** At a meeting of the Congregational Church of RIdgeberry, held July 
 5, 1817, the following resolutions were passed : 
 
 "1st. liesohed, That we adopt the Confession of Faith and the form of 
 government of the Presbyterian Church of the United States of 
 America. 
 
 "2d. That we put ourselves under the care and connect ourselves with 
 the Presbytery of Hudson." 
 
 In accordance with this action, the church con- 
 vened at the meeting-house, July 19, 1817, and chose 
 as ruling elders Benjamin Howell, Jonathan Bailey, 
 and Benjamin Dunning, who were ordained, Aug. 
 31, 1817, by Rev. William Blain. The church was 
 received under the care of Hudson Presbytery in 
 September, 1817, and on Sept. 20, 1817, Rev. William 
 Blain was installed its pastor. Its ministry has been 
 as follows: 1792, Mr. Isaac Sergeant ; 1804^6, Rev. 
 Mr. Bull; 1807-14, Rev. Allan Blain; 1817, Rev. 
 William Blain ; 1823-33, Rev. William Timlow, who 
 preached alternate Sabbaths at Ridgebury and Am- 
 ity ; 1833-37, Rev. Sylvester Sweezy, whose pastorate 
 was terminated by his death, March 5, 1837, at the 
 age of thirty-four; preaching every Sabbath began 
 with him; 1838-48, Rev. William Y. Miller; one in 
 place of the two consecutive sermons began under 
 him ; 1849, first six months. Rev. Mr. Kinmon was 
 stated supply ; 1S49-.'J1, Rev. Augustus Seward was 
 stated supply ; 1851-63, Rev. Cliflbrd S. Arms, the 
 largest pastorate in the history of the church, and 
 was ended by his death ; 1863-69, Rev. Nathaniel E. 
 Piers6||; .1869-70, Rev. J. R. Campbell; 1872-73, 
 Rev. Charles H. Park ; 1873-75, Rev. Brown H. Em- 
 
 * By the pastor. Rev. Theron Brittain. 
 
 erson, stated .supply ; 1875-80, Rev. Theron Brittain, 
 stated supply, which relation continues at this date, 
 November, 1880. 
 
 The deacons of the period before the reorganization 
 of 1817 were Richard Clark, Johathan Bailey, chosen 
 1792; Elijah Wells, James Reeve, chosen 1804. The 
 eldershi]> has been as follows : Benjamin Howell, 
 chosen at the reorganization ; Jonathan Bailey, chosen 
 1817 ; Benjamin Dunning, James Reeve, Elijah 
 Wells, Joseph Decker, Apollos Jessup, chosen 1822 ; 
 Alexander Boyd, Roswell Mead, chosen 1826 ; Jesse 
 C. Stewart, James Von Bomel, chosen 1836; Lewis 
 Stewart, J. Mortimer Reeve, Henry Decker, chosen 
 1845; B. F. Bailey, H. G. Wickham, G. W. Cock, 
 chosen 1864. Of these, but four are now living. One 
 of them, J. Mortimer Reeve, has moved from the 
 bounds of the congregation ; and Lewis Stewart, B. 
 F. Bailey, and G. W. Cock constitute the present 
 eldership. 
 
 The trustees at this date (1880) are Lewis Stewart, 
 Hon. John H. Reeve, Jonas Hawkins, Gideon W. 
 Cock, Jonathan Decker, A. J. Harrison, William W. 
 Wickham. During the period preceding the re- 
 organization 92 were enrolled. Of these, about 50 
 survived in 1817 and passed into the reorganized 
 church. From the date of reorganization, 1817, to 
 the present (1880) 554 members have been enrolled. 
 The present membership numbers 100. 
 
 The first edifice was first preached in Sept. 19, 1806. 
 The church building of the present was dedicated 
 New Year's day, Jan. 1, 1842, Rev. George Pierson, 
 of Florida, preaching the sermon. Its original cost 
 was about $5000. The interior was remodeled in 
 1877, at an expenditure of about $1000, and at this 
 time it continues to be a neat and comfortable house 
 of worship. Attached is a parsonage with ample 
 grounds. The whole properly is free from debt. 
 
 CENTREVILLE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 
 executed a certificate of incorporation at the meeting- 
 house April 5, 1827. The proceedings were signed 
 by Martin L. Mapes, moderator, and the trustees 
 named in the instrument were Peter Holbert, Doras- 
 tus Brown, William Robertson, Martin L. Mapes, 
 James Mulford, John Rune, Silas C. Brown. Ad- 
 ditional particulars are furnished by a committee 
 of the church, as follows : 
 
 The church was organized April 30, 1829, by a 
 committee of the Presbytery of Hudson, consisting 
 of Rev. William Timlow, Rev. Ezra Fisk, D.D., and 
 the Rev. Daniel Crane, Mr. Timlow preaching the 
 sermon, Ps. xlvi. 1— 1. 
 
 The persons who were constituted this church were 
 members of the Western Presbyterian Church, and 
 were set off for this purpose by Presbytery at its 
 spring meeting in April, 1829, and their names are 
 as follows: David Osmun, Martin L. Mapes, Do- 
 rastus' Brown, Lydia Osmun, Nelly Mapes, Esther 
 Brown, William Robertson, Keziah Robertson, Mary 
 
WAWAYANDA. 
 
 687 
 
 Robertson, Sarah Wells, Sarah Ann Canfield, Mary 
 Brundage, Hila Goldsmith, Peter Corwin, David 
 Carr, Azubah Carr, Benjamin Halstead, Anna Hal- 
 stead, Deborah Halstead, Jemima Corwin, Julia Arm- 
 strong, Wihiiot Armstrong, John Little, Elizabeth 
 Little, Silas C. Brown, Mary Brown. 
 
 The church edifice was begun and mostly finished 
 in 1828 {before the organization), and was dedicated 
 in April, 1829. In size it is 40 feet by 50 feet, and it 
 cost about S3000. It will seat 500 persons. It is the 
 same in capacity at present as at the beginning, and 
 has never been much repaired. It is a very strong 
 and substantial building. The parsonage was built 
 about thirty-five years ago, and cost $1000, together 
 with free work by the congregation. It has been re- 
 paired from time to time, and is at present a com- 
 modious and pleasanti house. 
 
 The pastors and stated supplies have been Rev. 
 Thomas Grier, Nov. 26, 1S29, to Sept. 29, 1832, sup- 
 ply ; Rev. Thomas Holliday, 1833-35, supply ; Rev. 
 William Townley, 1835-37, pastor; Rev. Thomas 
 Holliday again supplied the church for a few months 
 in thelatter half of the year 1837 ; Rev. Benjamin Van 
 Keuren, 1837—15, pastor; various supplies from 1845 
 to 1848, furnished mostly by Presbytery ; Rev. Thad- 
 deus Wilson, 1848-52, pastor; Rev. Oscar Harris, 
 1854-63, pastor ; Rev. HoUoway W. Hunt, 1865-70, 
 supply; Rev. William A. Wescott, 1871, died Feb- 
 ruary, 1876, pastor ; Rev. Charles W. Cooper com- 
 menced his labors May, 1877, and is still serving. 
 
 Elders: 1829, David Osmun, Martin L. Mapes, 
 Dorastus Brown ; 1831, Isaac Bodle, Israel Y. Cor- 
 win, Silas C. Brown ; 1832, Peter Holbert, Sr. ; 1838, 
 William Graham ; 1843, William W. Robertson, Peter 
 Holbert, Jr. ; 1850, James Johnson, Linden Mulford, 
 John Robertson; 1872, Daniel C. Brown, John R. 
 Tryon, Benjamin Hull. Deacons: 1843, John H. 
 Robertson, Linden Mulford. 
 
 The church was dedicated April 19, 1829; the ser- 
 mon was preached by the Rev. Ezra Fisk, D.D. 
 C. W. Cooper, John R. Tryon, and Linden Mulford 
 were appointed a committee to prepare this notice. 
 
 The church has always sustained a Sabbath-school. 
 At present the one held in the church has about 80 
 scholars. There is one district Sabbath-school, with 
 a membership of 25. The pastor preaches at an out- 
 station once a month. 
 
 The ladies have an organization for general church 
 work ; also an organization for missionarj- work. 
 
 The present organization is as follows : Rev. Charles 
 W. Cooper, minister; Peter Holbert, Linden Mulford, 
 Benjamin Hull, John R. Tryon, elders; Linden Mul- 
 ford, deacon. Present number of communicants is 
 84. The trustees are Martin L. Robertson, Floyd 
 F. Tryon, William L. Brown, James Edson Campbell. 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF DENTON 
 made a legal organization March 26, 1839. The pro- 
 ceedings were signed by George Phillips and Moses 
 
 Sawyer. The trustees chosen were Henry W. Den- 
 ton, James Gale, Hiram Phillips, Calvin G. Sawyer, 
 and Horace E. Denton. 
 
 This church, situated on the west bank of the Wall- 
 kill River, at the point formerly known as "the 
 
 I Outlet" of the Drowned Lands, may be said to have 
 
 I had its origin, in part, in the neighborhood prayer- 
 meeting, held for years in the district school-house, 
 in occasional religious services conducted by the 
 
 , pastors of the church of Goshen and other ministers, 
 and in a Sabbath-school, commenced by Mrs. Lina 
 
 ' Dolsen in 1815, and carried on with the help of some 
 like-minded Christian women. No decisive steps 
 were taken towards the erection of a building or the 
 gathering of a congregation until the winter of 1838. 
 During a period of severe sickness Henry W. Den- 
 ton, one of the wealthiest residents at the Outlet, was 
 led to devote a larger share of his wealth to the Lord's 
 service than before, and took measures, in concert 
 with his son-in-law, Theodore B. Denton, to build a 
 church in their own neighborhood. They first pro- 
 posed that Isaac Denton, a prominent member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, and then living not far 
 from the Outlet, should undertake the enterprise, as- 
 sisted by the members of his own denomination, 
 promising help in the undertaking. Mr. I. Denton, 
 after conference with his own people, reported that 
 they could not undertake to build. " Then," said the 
 original projectors, " we will have a Presbyterian 
 Church." 
 
 A paper, having for its object " the building of a 
 Presbyterian meeting-house iu the neighborhood of 
 the Outlet Bridge, in the town of Minisink," was pre- 
 pared, and H. W. Denton signed $500, and T. B. 
 Denton $200, with a lot for the site of the building. 
 Others in the vicinity made liberal subscriptions. 
 When about $160<i had been pledged, a contract was 
 made for the erection of the house. It was a framed 
 
 j structure, 40 by 52 feet, with a tower rising about 50 
 
 ' feet above the foundation, surmounted -by four pin- 
 nacles, one on each corner. This building was finished 
 in the spring of 1839. A contribution of $500, by 
 Gabriel Wisner Denton, of New Orleans, deserves 
 special mention. While on a visit to his friends, he 
 offered $500 towards their enterprise on condition that 
 
 j previous subscribers would increase the amount 
 pledged until the sum of $2600, required by the con- 
 tract, was provided for. This condition was met. The 
 cost of the building was about $3000. 
 
 It had been previously determined that a new name 
 should be given to the village, and that of the largest 
 
 I contributors to the building of the church was chosen. 
 
 ' In consequence of this action the name adopted for 
 the new organization was The First Presbyterian 
 Church of Denton. 
 
 The church was dedicated on the 27th of June, 
 1839, and at the same time the church was org'anized. 
 Only eight members were prepared to unite in the 
 organization. Their names were George Phillips, 
 
688 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Calvin G. Sawyer, Harriet Sawyer, Moses Sawyer, , 
 Elizabeth Sawyer, John B. Gale, Mary McDowell 
 Gale, and Maria Denton. 
 
 In September the Eev. O. M. Johnson, then sup- 
 plying the church of Boonton, X. J., was called to 
 thechurch of Denton. He was installed October 29th, 
 having commenced his ministry here on the first Sab- 
 bath of that month. There were then about 30 fam- 
 ilies that might properly be regarded as belonging to 
 the congregation. The church consisted of 11 mem- 
 bers, three having been received at the first com- 
 munion season in September. i 
 
 Both church and congregation grew under the reg- 
 ular preaching of the word. The communicants in 
 18.51 numbered 160, and the families more than 60. 
 
 In addition to the stated services at the church on ' 
 the Sabbath, services were held in different neighbor- 
 hoods, in adjacent school-houses on Sabbath after- 
 noons, and for many years an alternate Sabbath even- 
 ing service at Hampton and Denton ; also about 
 once each month at the Orange County Farm. In 
 consequence of failing health Mr. Johnson asked the j 
 congregation to release him from the pastoral ofiice. 
 The relation was dissolved October, 1873. The pul- 
 pit had been occupied by temporary supplies most of 
 the time during the preceding five months. It con- 
 tinued to be so supplied until Mr. McBeth was en- 
 gaged for six months. After Mr. McBeth's departure 
 an interval of nearly a year followed, when the Kev. 
 Geo. H. Hick was engaged. He remained for four 
 years, at t\\e end of which he accepted a call to the 
 western part of this State. 
 
 The Rev. David McLeod is the present pastor- 
 elect, and is now supplying the pulpit. 
 
 The Sabbath-school was reorganized very soon after 
 the commencement of Mr. Johnson's ministry, and 
 has been continued with varying prosperity. During 
 a part of this time Sabbath-schools were in operation 
 in Hampton and in the neighborhood known as 
 " The Gate," and were held at times in other neigh- 
 borhoods. 
 
 The church-register shows that during the thirty- 
 four years of Mr. Johnson's ministry more than 300 
 members were received to church fellowship. 
 
 The parsonage property was purchased in the au- 
 tumn of 1842, with a tract of seventeen acres, at a 
 cost of about $830. Additions to the house, the erec- 
 tion of needed outbuildings, and improvements of 
 the land raised the value to about $3000. 
 
 The first church building was burned early in the 
 morning of Feb. 1, 18.58. Measures were taken to re- 
 build, and the present structure of brick was erected 
 on the same site in the course of the year. It cost, 
 with its furniture, about $4500. A bell was purchased 
 in 1871. Its weight is 1040 pounds. 
 
 The church received a valuable legacy from the 
 estate of Mr. H. W. Denton, which was used in re- 
 building the edifice after the fire. Mr. T. B. Denton 
 has also endowed the church with the sum of $5000, 
 
 the interest of which is used annually towards the 
 payment of the pastor's salary. 
 
 THE CENTREVri.LE METHODIST 
 CHURCH 
 
 EPISCOPAL. 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Sept. 8, 1873. 
 It was signed by John B. Hadden and Albert S. 
 Brundage. The trustees named were Albert S. Brun- 
 dage, George R. Miller, Charles S. Miller, O. C. 
 Brundage, John B. Hadden, James Mulford, and 
 Bradford Davey. 
 
 THE SOCIETV OF UNITED CHRISTIAX FRIENDS, 
 
 professing the faith of universal salvation, was incor- 
 porated Sept. 20, 1813. The trustees named were 
 Samuel Wells, Cyrus Skinner, Daniel St. John ; and 
 those certifying to the record were Daniel Green and 
 William Wells, Jr. It is understood this enterprise 
 was at Centreville. 
 
 VIII. -BURIAL-PLACES. 
 PINE HILL CEMETERY 
 was incorporated by a certificate bearing date Oct. 8, 
 1861, and recorded in the office of the county clerk 
 on the 9th. The chairman of the meeting for organ- 
 ization was Simon Bradley, and the secretary Samuel 
 S. Wickham. The trustees named were James F. 
 Dolsen, Benjamin W. Bradley, Alva Bennett, Daniel 
 Reeve, Theophilus Dolsen, William M. Dolsen. The 
 grounds placed in charge of this incorporation are 
 those of the old Dolsentown burial-place. The name 
 is appropriately chosen. The summit is a beautiful, 
 symmetrically-shaped elevation, commanding an ex- 
 tensive view of the surrounding country. Twelve 
 pine-trees lift their dark-green foliage above the rest- 
 ing-place of the dead, memorials of the ancient forest 
 that crowned the height. Stretching away in every 
 direction is a magnificent rolling landscape of un- 
 surpas.sed beauty, comprising rich, fertile farms, sub- 
 stantial, elegant dwellings, all indicating homes of 
 wealth and abundant resources. This ground has 
 evidently been used for burial from the earliest settle- 
 ment. Here are the common field-stones that mark 
 the earliest attempt at preserving the place of burial, 
 but with neither name nor date. Then follow the old 
 red stone, sometimes with quite elaborate carving, 
 and with well-preserved inscriptions. Next are found 
 the early plain slabs of marble, while to represent the 
 later years there are the costly monuments which 
 wealth delights to erect over the remains of the loved 
 and the lost. 
 
 Next to Dolsentown, the old burying-ground on 
 Slauson's Hill, near Stewarttown, is the oldest in Wa- 
 wayanda. The hill is literally covered with graves, 
 but very few of them are marked with stones. The 
 first buried there, before and in the time of the Revo- 
 lution, had no head-stones to tell in what year they died. 
 But a little below the crest of the hill there are several 
 
WAWAYANDA. 
 
 689 
 
 stones with inscriptions dating back to near tlie Revo- 
 lution. Three of them read as follows : 
 
 " Dr. Henry White deceas'i Aug. II, 1T84, in the 35'ii year of liis age." 
 ' " Tempe, wife of Dr. Wljite, clecea8<' .\ug. 13, 1784, M. 25 yrs." 
 " W» Halalcad died May 19, 1811. ,Et. 41 yrs." 
 
 Ne-xt to tlie town burying-ground comes the old 
 Smith family burying-ground, lying between Brook- 
 field and Ridgebury, containing 31 graves. Some of 
 the inscriptions are as follows: 
 
 " Jonathan Smith, Senior, son of Benj. Smith, died May 10, 1797. A.E. 
 28 yre." 
 
 " David Howell. Died Jan. 12, 1798. Age 26 yr«." 
 
 " Annie, Wife of Benj. Smitli, Jr., and daughter of Capt. John Duncan. 
 BornNov. 3, 1760. Died April II, 1811. 31. 44 yrs." 
 
 " Benj. Sniitli, Junior, Sept. 18, 1825. Age, 5.5 yrs." 
 
 "Mary, Wife of Benj. Smith, and Daughter of Capt. Jouatlian Cooley. 
 Born Dec. 25, 1848. Died Sept. 20, 180:i. Age, 54 yrs." 
 
 "Benj. Smith, Born July 11, 1745. Died Dec. 11, 1816. Age, 71 yre." 
 
 Then follow Isaiah, Elizabeth, and Jesse Smith, in 
 succession, together with others of later date down to 
 1832, when the family were nearly all gone. 
 
 There is also one in connection with the Baptist 
 Church at Slate Hill. This is only a small plot, has 
 but few stones erected and no early dates. The ground 
 indicates, however, burials in considerable numbers. 
 There is a burial-place in the Reeve neighborhood, 
 midway between Slate Hill and Centreville. Of the 
 old Smith burial-place a local writer says, — 
 
 " A few days ago, as I was going across the fields from Slate Hill to 
 Ridgehury, and about midway between the two places, I came across a 
 neglected burying-ground. No fences protected it from the encroach- 
 ments of animals, and it was only distinguished from tlie adjacent fields 
 by clumps of unsightly saplings, brush, and briers, which grew thickly 
 upon and among the graves. An examination of the slabs showed that 
 no one had been buried there for forty years. It may be interesting to 
 some, as a scrap of local history, to know who the occupants of the graves 
 are. By examining the inscriptions on the freestone slabs, I noticed that 
 among those buried there were three or four of the first settlers in the 
 vicinity of Slate Hill, and who once owned a large tract of land here, 
 including the farms now owned by Thomas T. Durland, Silas Ilulse, and 
 a few others." 
 
 Southwest of Ridgebury is a burial-place dating 
 back to early times, but there are no very early dates 
 to be obtained there. 
 
 The cemetery in the Stewarttown district is located 
 near the school-house and tlie Four Corners. 
 
 IX.-SOCIETIES. 
 In connection with the various churches there are 
 the usual benevolent charitable and missionary or- 
 ganizations. Temperance societies have existed from 
 time to time, but have left few or no memoranda for 
 the historian to gather up. Ma.sons or Odd-Fellows 
 residing in Wawayanda belong to lodges in Middle- 
 town. 
 
 and sandy, and tlie locality bears evidence of having 
 been covered by water at an early day, as previously 
 intimated. A family of Indians resided south of and 
 in the vicinity of this hill. Since these lands have 
 been cultivated, abundance of Indian arrow-heads 
 have been found. At the early settlement small 
 images of various kinds were also found at this lo- 
 cality. Within a few days a field south of and ad- 
 joining the hill was plowed up, and many arrow- 
 heads were found; and what is remarkable, the 
 Indians must have manufactured them there, as some 
 were found partly finished, and the flakes or chips 
 slivered off in the operation were also found. The 
 flint out of which the heads were made is not found in 
 this town, nor at any locality in the State, as far as 
 we know. Indeed, we are not informed where this 
 flint is found in any large or small masses. The in- 
 strument with which the heads were made is conjec- 
 tural. Stone would not answer the purpose, and they 
 had no iron, and we are forced to conjecture that they 
 used flint to manufacture articles out of flint.* 
 
 After this family had broken up and had left the 
 town, two Indians, the last of the race, as it were, in 
 this locality, remained. One lived at the hill just 
 mentioned, and one upon the west bank of the Wall- 
 kill, several miles distant. Shortly before the war of 
 the Revolution some Indians visited them from a 
 distance, and when they returned the two solitary In- 
 dians left with them. These were the two last resi- 
 dents seen in the town. In remembrance of the one 
 whose wigwam was at the hill, the citizens, to perpet- 
 uate the name of its last native occupant, called it 
 Jogee, after the name of the Indian. 
 
 An Indian iron tomaliawk, either found or obtained 
 from an Indian in this locality, was presented to the 
 Historical Association of Newburgh by Mrs. Stephen 
 W. Fullerton, the whole of which is a pipe, the pole 
 being the bowl, and the handle the stem. The toma- 
 hawk is now at Headquarters, Newburgh. 
 
 X.— PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEREST. 
 JOGEE HILL. 
 This elevation is in the vicinity of the residence of 
 Mr. Stephen W. Fullerton. The hill in some parts is 
 quite steep, but not rocky, and is susceptible of culti- 
 vation. The base and the lands around it are light 
 
 XI.-INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. 
 Some of the finest land in Orange County for 
 farming purposes is found in this town. Along the 
 northern portion particularly there is a handsome 
 rolling country divided into rich and productive 
 farms. The Dolsentown neighborhood is scarcely 
 surpassed by any in the State. At the present time 
 there is little or no manufacturing in the town. Vari- 
 ous mills have been already mentioned. Very choice 
 stock is raised in Wawayanda, and the Dolsentown 
 neighborhood has become famous for its fast horses. Of 
 one of the mo.st noted favorites of the turf the news- 
 papers of the present year give the following item : 
 
 " St. Julian was sired by Goldsmith's Volunteer, and was raised by Mr. 
 Joseph S. Dunning, of Dolsentown, who sold him to James Galway, of 
 Goshen, for S600. Mr. Sargent, of Goshen, made S20,000 for St. Julian's 
 
 * Jogee also bore the name of Keghgekapowell. He was one of the 
 grantors to Governor Dongan in 1684 of the lands embraced in the Evans 
 Patent. (Ante, p. 12.) 
 
690 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 owner in the firet season. His dam was raised by the late Wm. H. Mead, 
 of Wawayanda. Mr. Dunning also raised St. Reno, a foil brotlier of St. 
 Julian, now owned by Dr. H. A. Pooler, of Goshen." 
 
 XII.— MILITARY. 
 
 No rolls for the war of 1812 are to be obtained 
 here, but some names are remembered of those who 
 were called out at that time, viz. : Benjamin Dunning, 
 Jonathan Bailey, Jr., John Hallock, Jonathan Dun- 
 ning. As a modern town, there is no military history 
 to be treated of separate from other towns until the 
 civil war of 1861-65. 
 
 WAR OF 1861-65. 
 
 This town furnished at the outbreak of the war 7 
 men; from June, 1861, to July, 1862, 5; July and 
 August, 1862, 53; under draft of 1863, personally, 2, 
 by substitute, 1, by commutation, 25; under call of 
 October, 1863, and March and July, 1864, 90 ; total 
 (including commutants), 183, or (less commutants) 
 158. Of the number stated, 17 entered the One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-fourth Regiment, 2 the navy, 11 the 
 Fifty-sixth Regiment; 3 the Eighteenth Regiment, 6 
 the Third Regiment; 10 in New York City regiments; 
 balance not known. Under call of December, 1864, 
 the town furnished 9 two-years' men to navy, 1 three- 
 years' and 3 one-year men to volunteers. 
 
 By private subscription in 1863 $700 was raised and 
 paid to drafted men. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Ridgebury sent 
 $140 to the Sanitary Commission. 
 
 At a special town-meeting duly called, held at the 
 house of William H. Wood, Brookfield, Aug. 18, 
 1864, resolutions were adopted authorizing a tax of 
 $.36,000 for the payment of bounties to volunteers. 
 
 The amount of bounty to be paid to each was left 
 to the discretion of a commiitee consisting of the 
 town board and the following other citizens: John 
 Cummings, Lewis Armstrong, Peter G. Flanagan, 
 Reuben N. C. Mead, Henry C. Wiekham, John B. 
 Thompson, Benjamin P. Bailey, Thomas T. Durland, 
 Joseph K. VanBomel. 
 
 It was voted to pay .$300 to any citizen who might 
 furnish a substitute in anticipation of a draft. The 
 town board was authorized to issue the necessary 
 bonds for the purpose of raising the money, payable 
 in eight annual installments, Feb. 1, 1868, to Feb. 
 1, 1875, inclusive. 
 
 The resolutions were adopted by a vote of 118 in 
 favor and 71 against. Of the sum voted, $26,800 was 
 expended. 
 
 Under the call of December, 1864, $11,350 was ex- 
 pended. Under the settlement of that call an excess 
 of thirty-nine years was allowed, and the paymaster- 
 general paid the town $12,500. 
 
 The following list of men furnished for the sup- 
 pression of the rebellion are mainly from otficial 
 
 credits and information furnished by Supervisor 
 (1864) John H. Reeve. 
 
 Barbour, Sidney, 18lh ; credited, ISGU, to town.* 
 
 Barbour, Theodore, ISlh ; credited, ISG.*, to town. • 
 
 Barbour, Stephen, 18th ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Bahan, .James, not known ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Brown, James V., Anthon's battalion : credited, 1S02, to town. 
 
 Brown, John F., 124th ; credited, lS(i2, to town. 
 
 Brundage, John S., 18th ; credited, 18G2, to town. 
 
 Bird.sall, James H., 124th ; credited, 1862. to town. 
 
 Birdsall, Price, 124th; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Brown, Shadrack W., Co. D, 166th ; enl. Oct. 2,1862. 
 
 Barker, John, Co. L, 15th Cavalry ; enl. Dec. 21, 1863 ; died in the service. 
 
 Burns. James, Co. L, lOth Cavalry ; enl. Dec. 29, 1863. 
 
 Ba.\ter, BejijaDiiu W., Co. E, 124th-, enl. August, 1862; not on roll by 
 that name ; perhaps Lewis W. Baxter; wounded May 12, 1864 ; died 
 May 14, 1864. 
 
 Bailey, Wni. W., Co. K, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; wounded at Clmncel- 
 lorsville, left ou the field, taketi prisoner, ten days after paroled; 
 disch. March 28, 1864. 
 
 Bly, Patrick, 5th Art. ; credited, 186J-64, to town. 
 
 Crist, Sloses, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 'J, 18G2 ; wounded in knee May 3, 
 1863; wounded in arm April 6, 1865, and sent to Emory Hospital ; 
 must, out by 0. 77. 
 
 Cannon, John, Co. K, 124th ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Cavanaugh, John, N. Y. Cavalry ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Carr, George W., not known ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Carrigan, Hugh, N. Y. Cavalry ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Clark, Moses, N. Y. Cavalry ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Conkling, Wm., N. Y. Cavalry ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Case, Meiritt C. 15th Cavalry; credited, 1863-64, to town. 
 
 Cooper, Isaac C.,5th Art. ; credited, 1863-64, to town. 
 
 Caffery, James, 5th Art. ; credited, 1863-64, to town. 
 
 Decker, Isaac, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 31, 18G2 ; pro. corp., Jan. 1, 1863; 
 killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. 
 
 Denton, Jacob, Co. K, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; pro. 2d lieut., March 7, 
 1863, but not mustered ; killed at Chancellorsville. 
 
 Drake, Jereuiiab, artillery; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Dowidy, Wm., artillery ; credited, 18G2, to town. 
 
 Dunning, Benjamin, artillery; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Everett, Charles M., Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded in hip 
 May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps ; resided in Wallkill, but 
 credited to Wawayanda. 
 
 Eller, Peter. Anthon's battalion ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Fowler, Charles W., .\nthon's battalion ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Harris, Oscar, Jr., Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. at Washing- 
 ton, Oct. 23, 1863. 
 
 Hornbeck, Charles, not known ; ciedited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Halstead, Thomas, artillery ; credited, 1S62, to town. 
 
 Ilaiily, John, arttillery ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 House, Calvin, artillery ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Haywood, Williani, credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Hatfleld, Lemuel 0., 48th ; credited, 1863-64, to town. 
 
 Jackson, Lucas, Colored ; credited, 1863-64, to town. 
 
 Kelly, Albert, 168th; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Kelly, John, 5th Art.; credited, 18G3-64, to town. 
 
 Martin, Jacob, shot on picket. 
 
 Mullen, Nathan B.. Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; died iu Armory 
 Square Hospital, July 22, 1863, of wounds received at Chancellors- 
 ville; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. 
 
 MrCarter, Morvalden, 15th Cavalry; credited, 1863-64, to town. 
 
 MiU^, Horace, Alb. Regt. ; credited, 18G2, to town. 
 
 Newton, John, credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Norris. Thomas R,, 166th ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Norris, Joseph, 5th Art. ; credited, 1863-64, to town. 
 
 Osborn, Charles, N. Y. cavalry; credited, 1862, to town. 
 
 Puff, John VV., Co. L, 16th Cavalry; enl. Dec. 21, 1863. 
 
 Parrott, Horace D., Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; credited to Wall- 
 kill; detached, Sept. 20, 1863, to Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Parks, John W., Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8. 1862 ; taken prisoner May 3, 
 1863; pro. Corp., Oct. 1, 1864 ; mustered out with regiment. 
 
 Polhamns, James E., Colored; credited, 1863-64, to town. 
 
 guick, David U., Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; private to March 5, 
 1864; Corp. to Oct. 1, 1864; sergt. to Nov. 16, 1864; trans, to Co. B 
 
 * In all cases where so entered the credit is official, not muster-roll. 
 
. >f^. 
 
 c^y/irr^ 
 
 
WAWAYANDA. 
 
 691 
 
 for pro. Nov. 15,1854; 2(i limit., Feb. 22, 1866; iBt lieut, Feb. 26, 
 
 1865 ; woumled at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863 ; returned to duty 
 Sept. 1, 1863 ; wounded in face and slioulder Aug. 16, 1864 ; wounded 
 
 Oct. 27,1864. 
 Riiliinson, Seth R., IStli ; credited, 1862, to town ; 15th Cavalry ; credited, 
 
 1863-64, to town, 
 yuinn, JolMi, 7th Art. ; credited, 1863-64, to town. 
 Smith, L. B., 124tli; died in service. 
 Steward, Alfred, died in service. 
 Seeley, Samuel, artillery ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 Shannon, Hugh, artillery ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 Turner, Thomas J., Co. L, 15th Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 Talluiau, George G., 56th ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 \Vel Is, George, seth; died in the service on Governor's Island ; body 
 
 brought home for burial. 
 Webb, Daniel E., Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; sergt., Jan. 1, 1863 ; 
 
 died Aug. 24, 1863, of wounds received at Chancellorsville, May 3, 
 
 1863; body embalmed and taken to Kidgobury and buried. 
 Watkins, James,artillery ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 Williams, Allen, not known ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 Wood, Jolin D., 168th ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 Welsh, John, I24th ; credited, 1862, to town. 
 Wells, Wni. L., ."i6th ; enl 1861; re-eul.l864. 
 Williams, Nathaniel H., 15th Cavalry; credited on call 1863-64. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 GEORGE W. IIORTON. 
 
 The Hortons are of English stock. The father of 
 George W., Gilbert, was born in Goshen, Aug. 23, 
 1782. Here he followed the occupation of a farmer 
 until hi.s death, Feb. 3, 1854. He was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Sarah White, whose birth occurred Oct. 
 18, 1784, and to whom were born children, — Caroline, 
 Eliza, Ocran, Susan, Chauncey, Mary Jane, Thomas 
 A., George W., and Egbert J., of whom but four sur- 
 vive. 
 
 George W., the subject of this biographical sketch, 
 was born March 8, 1824, in Goshen township, where 
 his boyhood was spent. The advantages of education 
 were at this time limited, and the labors of the farm 
 were more imperative than an)' demands made by 
 the di-strict school-master. At the age of twenty-five 
 Mr. Horton purchased the estate, embracing 200 
 acres, which is his present residence, and where he 
 has since continued farming occupations, being ex- 
 tensively engaged in dairying. Jan. 22, 1851, Mr. 
 Horton was united in marriage to Miss Henrietta, 
 daughter of Geoi'ge and Melicent Ferguson Jackson, 
 of Minisink, now Wawayanda township, whose birth 
 occurred Dec. 28, 1825. They have had children, — 
 Sarah E., deceased ; Lawrence F., who is married to 
 Harriet, daughter of Vincent Robinson ; Chauncey, 
 deceased ; John B. ; Florence W., deceased ; and 
 Emma J., who became Mrs. Y. A. Clark, and died, 
 leaving children, — Henrietta and William. Mr. Hor- 
 ton is a Republican in politics, and manifests a laud- 
 able interest in public aflairs, though debarred by his 
 extensive business enterprises from active participa- 
 tion in political strife. In his religious professions he 
 affiliates with the Presbvterians. 
 
 OLIVER R. CARPENTER. 
 
 The great-grandfather of the subject of this biog- 
 raphy was Jesse C. Carpenter, who was of English 
 parentage, and first settled upon Long Island. In 
 1732 he came to Goshen, Orange Co., and was 
 soon after married to a daughter of John and Susan 
 Colville Bradner, the former of whom was, during his 
 early life, a resident of Edinburgh, Scotland, and 
 chose Goshen as a home in 1721. Here he labored as 
 a preacher of the gospel until his death, in 1732, and 
 was the first expounder of the word of God in the 
 hamlet of Goshen. Among the children of Jesse C. 
 was Benjamin, whose birth occurred in 1754, and 
 who served with credit in the war of the Revolution 
 as one of the garrison of Fort Montgomery. He was 
 married to Miss Chandler, of Craigville, Orange 
 Co., to whom, were born children, — Nathaniel, James, 
 Samuel, and a daughter, Hannah. The death of 
 Benjamin Carpenter occurred Sept. 28, 1828. The 
 birth of his son Nathaniel, the father of Oliver C, 
 occurred May 2, 1777, in the East Division of the 
 town of Goshen. His boyhood was devoted to labor, 
 varied by attendance at the public school of the dis- 
 trict, after which he acquired the trade of a mason at 
 Washingtonville, but later removed to Hampton- 
 burgh, where he followed farming pursuits. He was 
 married on the 10th of February, 1809, to Philotta, 
 daughter of Joel Coleman, the latter of whom was a 
 soldier at the battle of White Plains, during the 
 Revolutionary war, and died Oct. 20, 1840. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Nathaniel Carpenter had children, — John 
 C, born in 1810 ; Oliver R., whose birth occurred in 
 1813; Julia Ann, born in 1817; Mary C, born in 
 1819; and William H., born in 1824. The death of 
 Nathaniel Carpenter occurred July 3, 1846. His son 
 Oliver C, whose birth occurred June 30, 1813, in the 
 East Division of the town of Goshen, passed the early 
 portion of his life in Hamptonburgh as a farmer. In 
 1851, having a desire to extend his business relations, 
 he purchased the farm in Wawayanda township, 
 which is his present home, and where his time is still 
 spent in the superintendence of his landed interests. 
 Mr. Carpenter was on the 14th of November, 1850, 
 united in marriage to Miss Phebe Jane, daughter of 
 Joshua McNish, of Middlctown. Their children are 
 George W.^born in 1852; John W., in 1853; Charles 
 Oliver, in 1858; Mary Ida (deceased), in 1860 ; Lillie 
 Dale, in 1863; Maggie Jane (deceased), in 1865; and 
 Nathaniel Braduer (deceased), in 1868. Mr. Carpen- 
 ter has always followed farming pursuits, and is now 
 extensively engaged in dairying. In politics he is a 
 Democrat, and cast his first vote for Gen. Andrew- 
 Jackson. Though always manifesting a deep interest 
 in public affairs, he rarely participates in the politi- 
 cal conflicts of the day. Mr. Carpenter became a 
 member of the Congregational Church of Middletown 
 in 1850, and both he and Mrs. Carpenter are still 
 among its active supporters. 
 
GREENVILLE. 
 
 I— SITUATION, BOtTNDAKIES, AREA, TITLE. 
 
 Greenville is in the southwest part of the county. 
 Its boundaries may be stated with approximate accu- 
 racy as north by Mount Hope, east by Wawayanda 
 and Minisinlv, south by the State of New Jersey, and 
 west by Deerpark. The area of the town, as stated in 
 the supervisors' report of 1879-80, is 17,665 acres ; 
 the assessed valuation, $459,120 ; and the tax collected 
 upon that basis, $3561.35. This town was a part of 
 the Minisink Patent. 
 
 laud, and arable to their summits. The geological 
 and mineralogical features of the town are interest- 
 ing. The mining enterprises are alluded to elsewhere. 
 
 II. -NATURAL FEATURES. 
 
 The distinguishing outlines in the topography of 
 the town are the Shawangunk Mountains, whose sum- 
 mits form the western boundary, aud the Boudinot 
 Creek, which Hows northward a little east of the cen- 
 tre, and approximately parallel to the mountains. 
 This stream is a tributary of Rutger's Creek, and it 
 flows northward to the line of ]\Iount Hope, then ab- 
 ruptly reverses its course and flows south to unite with 
 Rutger's Creek on the town line between Minisink and 
 Wawayanda. The other branch of Rutger's Creek 
 also rises on the slopes of the Siiawangunk range in 
 Greenville, flows southeasterly to Waterloo Mills in 
 Minisink, thence northward, and by a nearly direct 
 line effects a junction with the other branch, on the 
 south line of Wawayanda. 
 
 Binnenwater covers about fifty acres. Its outlet 
 is a tributary of Rutger's Creek. The pond lies about 
 two miles south of the village of Jlouut Hope, one 
 and a half miles southeast of Finchville, and about 
 one mile south from the boundary line between Mount 
 Hope and Greenville. It was originally a very 
 important landmark, as constituting the southwest 
 corner of the Evans Patent. In the old deed the pond 
 was called " Maretange." After the vacating of the 
 Evans iPatent, and the making of other changes in 
 lines, the pond lost its early importance in determin- 
 ing boundary lines and land titles. The Pakadasink 
 Swamp, north and northeast of Smith's Corners, is a 
 tract of considerable extent, and in this the Shawan- 
 gunk kill has its source, the kill itself having been 
 known by the name of the swamp formerly. (See 
 General History, p. 37.) 
 
 The Shawangunk Mountains, on the west border, 
 are from two hundred to four hundred feet above the 
 neighboring valleys, and from fourteen hundred to 
 sixteen hundred above tide-water. The eastern slopes 
 of the mountains are gradual, with little or no rocky 
 092 
 
 III.-EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 
 The town is modern in its civil organization, and 
 its early settlement is blended with that of Minisink, 
 from which its territory was taken. Like the other 
 portions of Minisink it was a part of the old precinct 
 of Goshen. The settlers who were upon its territory 
 prior to the Revolution are found in the general as- 
 sessment-roll given in the chapters upon Minisink and 
 Wawayanda, and in the list of signers to the Revolu- 
 tionary Articles of Association. For the period im- 
 mediately succeeding the Revolution we are depend- 
 ent mostly upon names obtained in the records of 
 the town of Minisink, supplemented by the informa- 
 tion derived from some of the older citizens. 
 
 It is stated in " Hough's Gazetteer of New York," 
 that Greenville was probably settled from 1720 to 
 1730, but no authority is adduced in support of the 
 statement, while the dates obtained from Minisink 
 town-books and from other authority do not extend 
 back of the Revolution more than ten or fifteen 
 years. 
 
 The following may be mentioned as among the 
 earliest families who settled in Greenville : 
 
 Abraham Elston located soon after the Revolution- 
 ary war on the jilace now owned by Rev. Mr. 
 Frazier. 
 
 Garrett Durland and John Durland were located in 
 Greenville at an early day. 
 
 Oliver Blizard resided in Greenville before 1800. 
 
 Godfrey Lutes was living on this territory before 
 the Revolution. In the general assessment-roll of 
 1775 his name appears in District No. 6, Joshua 
 Davis, assessor. 
 
 Jonathan Van Tuyl, whose name appears in the 
 cattle-records of Minisink soon after the Revolution, 
 was an early settler of Greenville. He was the father 
 of Arthur Van Tuyl. There is a stone house now 
 standing in Clark's district, and owned by Ira Hal- 
 lock, which is supposed to have been built before the 
 Revolution, and known !is the Van Tuyl homestead. 
 
 James Simon located in Greenville at an early day. 
 
 Elijah Smith lived in Greenville soon after the 
 Revolution. 
 
 John Planning and Joseph Manning were early 
 settlers. The homestead of Joseph Manning was the 
 
GREENVILLE. 
 
 693 
 
 place now owned by Joseph Manning of the present 
 generation. The children of the pioneer, Joseph, 
 were Jo.seph, Jr., John, Isaac, Richard, Walter, 
 Benjamin, and Mrs. Judge James Finch, Mrs. Elea- 
 zer Hulbert, Mrs. John Fogger. John Manning, a 
 son of Benjamin, is now residing near the village of 
 Greenville. The original Manning farm was a large 
 tract bought at five shillings per acre. It is the opin- 
 ion of John Manning that the brf>thers, John and 
 Joseph, were settled here before the Revolution. 
 
 Joseph Reed, whose name appears in the cattle- 
 mark records of Minisink soon after the Revolution, 
 was settled within the limits of what is now Green- 
 ville. 
 
 Israel Hallock was in Greenville at an early day. 
 
 Isaac Finch is mentioned in several of the early 
 papers we have quoted. He was located before the 
 Revolution in the well-known Finch neighborhood, 
 north jiart of Greenville or south part of Mount 
 Hope. 
 
 Abraham Harding, Stephen Amesbury, Sylvester 
 Cortright, Jonathan Wood, Benjamin Cole, Moses 
 Cortright, and Eusebius Austin were also early set- 
 tlers in Greenville. 
 
 Robert Eaton settled, soon after the Revolution, at 
 what has since been known as Eatontown. His sons 
 were John, William, Robert, Samuel. Daniel H. 
 Eaton, son of John, resides a mile from Slate Hill, 
 Wawayanda, at the old Fullerton tavern stand. 
 Alexander Eaton was also a pioneer in Greenville 
 at the same time with Robert. He had one son, 
 Thomas. A grandson, James Eaton, is a resident of 
 Port Jervis. 
 
 Coming down to a later period, 1813, it is easy to 
 show what families were then living on the territory 
 of the present town of Greenville. In that year the 
 school districts of the old town of Minisink were or- 
 ganized under the school law of 1812, and were re- 
 corded by naming the families in each. These are 
 preserved in the first volume of the town-records of 
 Minisink. While some districts may cross the modern 
 boundary lines of the towns, and while it may be 
 difficult to be sure after the lapse of sixty-seven years 
 that all the families named were in Greenville, yet a 
 majority must have been, and any others included 
 must have resided very near. 
 
 School District No. 12, as numbered in 1813, in- 
 cluded the families of the following persons : David 
 Slauson, Caleb Green, Zadoc Mead, James Simon, 
 Joseph Elston, Abraham Elston, Samuel Elston, 
 Ciiarles McCluskey, Wm. P. Lee, Sanford Allen, 
 Bodewine Cortright, Jonathan Wood, Elias Clark, 
 Gilbert Vail, James Green, Garret Brink, Jeremiah 
 Hazeu, David Hance, Benjamin Wells, Lewis Stiles, 
 Thomas Tuthill, John Owen, Asa Carpenter, Jloses 
 Slauson, Abraham Ilazen, Samuel Brink. 
 
 District No. 13, as formed in 1813, included the 
 families of the following persons: Barnabas Mid- 
 <laugh. Widow Mary Terry, William Brink, Charles 
 
 Wood, Isaac Becket, Philip Millspaugh & Son, Levi 
 Lutes, Daniel Woodward, William McMuUin, Jr., 
 Philip Lee, Barnabas Lynch, Oliver Hulse, John 
 Milligan, Thomas T. Collard, Jesse Canfield, Joseph 
 Drake, Widow Martlia Sullivan, Robert Jaquish, Syl- 
 venus Quarters, Isaac Harrison, William Graham, 
 Garret Durland, Hugh JlcConly, William Polly, John 
 Cromwell. In 1826, John Holly was attached to this 
 district. This is the old Bushville district, and is 
 number " four," as now designated in Greenville. 
 
 District No. 16, as formed in 1813, included the 
 following families : William Osband, Widow Catha- 
 rine Davenport, Martin Davenport, Abel G. Smith, 
 Jonathan Owen, John Whitmore, Noyes Wickham, 
 Jr., Samuel Bodle, Increase B. Stoddard, Oliver 
 Lewis, William Patterson, John Story, Alanson H. 
 Story, James Scribuer, Shaw Young, John Peckham, 
 Washington Hutchins, Joshua Peckham, John Fer- 
 guson, Joel Rundle, John Bodle, Jr., Daniel Bodle. 
 
 District No. 17, as originally formed, comprised 
 the following fiimilies : Jonathan Rundle, John Wood, 
 John Durland, Benjamin Manning, Dennis Kelly, 
 Caleb Clark, Joshua Baker, Widow Ann Smith, Wil- 
 liam McBride, Daniel Green, Alexander Bodle, John 
 Van Tuyl, Richard Drake, Jonathan Van Tuyl, Wal- 
 ter Van Tuyl, Dennis Sullivan, Luther Hallock, Hu- 
 let Clark, Jesse Edsall, Timothy Collard, Isaac Peter- 
 son, Joseph Green, John Gordon, Walter Manning, 
 Abraham Ketcham, Asa Hutchins, Samuel Van Seay, 
 Aaron Howell. 
 
 District No. 18 was the old Eatontown district, and 
 
 in 1813 included the following families: William 
 
 Moore, Usher Moore, Isaiah Hazen, Peter Quick, 
 
 I John Jervis, James Mulford, John Remy, Robert 
 
 ! Eaton, Jr., Samuel Wells, Jones Wood, John Sigler, 
 
 Benjamin Holly, Zebulon Hallock, Oliver Blizard, 
 
 j Charles Green, John Blizard, Thomas W. Hallock, 
 
 Jos. Hallock, Levi Winter, Abner Skinner, Ebenezer 
 
 Weller, James Eaton, Robert Eaton, John Beshdon, 
 
 Jesse Benjamin, John Polly, Alexander Eaton. 
 
 Old District No. 19, of 1813. included a portion of 
 both of the present towns of Minisink and Green- 
 ville, and perhaps of Mount Hope, and is given for 
 convenience at this place : William Wells, Jesse 
 Muloek, William Graham, Jesse Smith, John Tot- 
 ten, George Wood, Charles Buchanan, Stephen Arms- 
 bury, John Reynolds, Nathan Chapman, Widow 
 Bond, Widow Daniel Stewart, Samuel Schoonover, 
 William Goble. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 
 Dewitt C. Hallock, born in Ridgebury, Wawayanda, 
 graduated in New York, practiced in Denton and 
 Wawayanda, and for the last five or six years of his 
 life in Greenville. He died in 1864. 
 
 Dr. Farries practiced here about two years. Dr. 
 Monell also practiced a short time, and until his 
 death. There is now no resident physician. The 
 one old physician of the town for a long series of 
 years was Dr. Church. 
 
C94 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 IV.-OEGANIZATION. 
 
 After Wawayanda was formed from the old town 
 of Minisink, the remaining portion was in very in- 
 convenient form for the transaction of town business, 
 and a short time only sufficed to develop and bring to 
 success a project for a new town. It was organized 
 in 1853, and the first town-meeting held in the spring 
 of 1854. 
 
 FIRST TOWN-MEETINC. 
 
 At an annual town-meeting held in the town of 
 Greenville on the 28th of March, 1854, at the house 
 of Jonathan Woods, in Bushville, in said town, the 
 following resolutions were adopted: 
 
 " Resolred, That the next annual town-meeting be held at Greenville, 
 in said town. 
 
 " Eesolved, That the sum of fifty dollars he raised for the support of 
 roads and bridges. 
 
 " Itesotved, That there be only two constaldes elected in this town. 
 
 '* Renolved, That there be only one commissioner of highways elected 
 in said town." 
 
 Presiding officers, Wallace Clark, Zephaniah Brink, 
 Zophcr Finch. Entry of March 29, 1854. Town 
 Clerk, Isaac Winter. 
 
 The officers elected were Timothy Wood, super- 
 visor; Isaac Winter, town clerk; Jesse V. Myers, 
 Charles Smith, justices of the peace; George T. Dur- 
 land, town superintendent of schools; John C. Buck- 
 bee, Nathaniel Coleman, Richard Hallock, assessors ; 
 Wallace Clark, commissioner of highways ; Robert 
 Robertson, Jr., Samuel Y. Clark, overseers of the 
 poor; Samuel Baird, collector; George R. Graham, 
 Samuel Baird, constables ; David W. Jenks, Abra- 
 ham Wiggins, inspectors of election ; Jesse N. Brown, 
 
 town sealer. 
 
 The overseers of the h 
 
 ighway were as follows : 
 
 No. 
 
 No. 
 
 1. Asahel S. Clark. 
 
 31. J. B. Lee. 
 
 2. Daniel Green. 
 
 32. James Baird. 
 
 3. Jesse Green. 
 
 33. Joel Baird. 
 
 4. Samuel Jones. 
 
 34. Zephaniah Brink. 
 
 5. David Elstou. 
 
 36. Nathaniel J. Church. 
 
 6. S. Y.Clark. 
 
 36. David A. Reed. 
 
 7. Victor K. Baird. 
 
 37. Dauiel C. Myers. 
 
 8. S. T. Durland. 
 
 3S. Lewis B. Smith. 
 
 '.t. Nathaniel Coleman. 
 
 39. Wm. Graham. 
 
 10. Merritt Remy. 
 
 40. C. Van Buskirk. 
 
 11. Parker Hallock. 
 
 41. D. C. Davis. 
 
 12. Joseph Manning. 
 
 42, John Clary. 
 
 13. Benjamin Green. 
 
 43. Coe Manning. 
 
 14. Isaac Shute. 
 
 44. Jesse Hallock. 
 
 1.1. G. R. Graham. 
 
 45. Joshua Mulock. 
 
 16. John Hobard. 
 
 46, Henry Clark. 
 
 17. Robert Robertson. 
 
 47. Abraham Elston. 
 
 18. Charles Smith. 
 
 48. Richard Hallock. 
 
 19. G. A. Durland. 
 
 49, A, Chapman. 
 
 20. Thaddeus Seeley. 
 
 50. Benjamin Cory. 
 
 21, James Ferguson. 
 
 51. D. W. Jenks. 
 
 22. James V. Norris. 
 
 52. Lawrence Milligan. 
 
 23. John M. Wickham. 
 
 53. L. H. Slausun. 
 
 24. Levi Clark. 
 
 54. 0. L. Carpenter. 
 
 25. James R. Shultz. 
 
 J6. Seth Racket. 
 
 26. Jacob H.Todd. 
 
 56. Moses D. Martin. 
 
 27. John Milligan. 
 
 57. G. R. Taylor. 
 
 28. John R. Tompkins. 
 
 58. Isaac Cooper. 
 
 29. Isaac Winter. 
 
 59. Moses Davis. 
 
 30. Daniel Canfield. 
 
 6U. Solomon Waring. 
 
 The principal town officers from 1854 to 1880 have 
 been as follows : 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1854 Timothy Wood. Isaac Winter. 
 
 1865 •' " Harvey H. Clark, 
 
 1866 Isaac M. Seybolt, W, L, Clark. 
 
 1S57 " " Alfred L, Clark, 
 
 1858 " " Leonard Bell, Jr, 
 
 1859 lesse V, Myers, Harvey H, Clark, 
 
 1860 Isaac M, Seybolt, " 
 
 1861 Jesse V. Myers, Stoddard W, Slauson, 
 
 18G2-63 Stewart T, Durland, Albert Shute, 
 
 1864 Is.aac M, Seybolt, Ezra T, Durland 
 
 1865 Harvey 11, Clark, William B, Jenks, 
 
 1866 " " Samuel W, Reed, 
 
 1867-68 " " Wm, L, Clark, 
 
 1869 George A, Durland. Wm, W, Clark, 
 
 1870-71 Harvey H. Clark. Wm. J. Quick. 
 
 1872 " " Adiey W. Ferguson. 
 
 1873-74 George A. Durland. Stephen N. Carpenter. 
 
 187.6-76 Isaac M. Seybolt. " •' 
 
 1877, Wm. L, Clark, George W, Alward. 
 
 1878-80 " " N.S. Hallock. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 1854, Jesse V. Myers, Charles Smith ; 1855, Wm. Graham, Zephaniah 
 Brink; 1856, Dorastus Brown; 1857, Samuel Slauson; 185S, Jesse 
 y. Myers; 1859, Alpheus Chapman, Stewart T, Durland; 1,S60, 
 George A, Durland ; 18G1, Stewart T, Durland; 1862, Jesse V, Myers; 
 1863, Wm, Smith, John M, Wickham; 1864, George A, Durland; 
 186.6, Stewart T, Durland; I86C, John M, Wickham, Abraham D. 
 Baird; 1867, Wm. Smith; 1868, Abraham D. Baird, George R. 
 Graham, George A. Durland, Nathaniel R. Quick ; 1869, Nathaniel 
 R. Quick; 1870, George A. Durland; 1871, Samuel S, Graham; 1872, 
 Abraham T, Baird ; 1873, Nathaniel R, Quick ; 1874, George A, Dur- 
 land; 187.5, D. Terry Graham; 1876, Ira H, Baird; 1877, Samuel V, 
 Jones; 1878, George A, Durland; 1879, D, Terry Graham; 1880, 
 Chauncey Carpenter, 
 
 V.-VILLAGES. 
 (iREENVILLE, 
 bearing the same name as the town, is centrally situ- 
 ated on the road leading from Goshen to Carpenter's 
 Point. This was known in early years as Minisink 
 village, a name liable to confusion since the division 
 of the town, which left the village Minisink in the 
 town of Greenville. The post-office at Greenville is 
 still known as Minisink. The postmaster at the 
 present time is J. Wallace Brown. The present busi- 
 ness at Greenville is the store of Hallock «& Forger- 
 son; hotel, by James Elston ; blacksmith-shop, James 
 A. Straight ; wagon-shop, Henry Simpson ; drug 
 manufacturing, by D. C. Hallock ; butcher, Robert 
 
 C. Burns, delivering to the Port Jervis market. The 
 Baptist church is located here, and the school-house 
 of District No. 5. The present teacher is Mary Reed. 
 
 CENTRE POINT 
 is a hamlet in the south part of the town and near 
 the line of Minisink, popularly known as Log Town 
 or Jackson's Corners. A blacksmith-shop, by George 
 Dickson, and D. V. Myers is also engaged in butcher- 
 ing and delivering regularly to Port Jervis. 
 
 SMITH'S CORNERS 
 is a short distance north of the village of Greenville, 
 and is situated on the direct road that runs along the 
 eastern base of the Shawangunk Mountains. There 
 is a creamery located here, f>wned and carried on by 
 
 D. M. Clark ; a blacksmith -shop, by Richard Ireland. 
 This was formerly a thriving place, with hotels and 
 
GREENVILLE. 
 
 695 
 
 store, being situated on the main road from Otisville 
 to Coleville, N. J. 
 
 BTISHVILLE 
 
 is situated nearly central from north to south. This 
 is a well-known point in town and somewhat central, 
 the first town-meeting having been held there. A 
 blacksmith-shop, by Ira Baird ; S. R. Decker is en- 
 gaged in butchering and delivering three times a week 
 to Port Jervis. 
 
 VI.— SCHOOLS. 
 
 At the time Greenville was incorporated only three 
 years remained of the old system of town supervision, 
 all the control of the schools being transferred to the 
 Assembly district commissioners by the law of 1856. 
 The town superintendent of schools elected in 1854 
 was George T. Durland. In 1856, Samuel S. Gra- 
 ham was chosen to that office, but was " legislated 
 out" before he was sworn in by the new law appoint- 
 ing district commissioners in June of that year. The 
 early school districts are shown under the head of 
 early settlements, as taken from the town books of 
 Minisink. 
 
 At the last apportionment of the public money 
 (March, 1880), District No. 1 included 35 children, 
 and received $108.33; District No. 2, -15 children, and 
 .'S104.55; District No. 3, 42 children, and $113.97; 
 District No. 4, 64 children, and $135.01 ; District No. 
 5, 83 children, and $148.40 ; District No. 6, 40 chil- 
 dren, and $105.87 ; District No. 7, 32 children, and 
 $86.37. The whole number of children being 341, 
 and the whole amount of money disbursed $803.50. 
 
 VII.-CHURCHES. 
 THE BAPTIST SOCIETY OF (iREENVILLE 
 effected a legal organization Jan. 27, 1816. The pro- 
 ceedings were signed by James Finch, Jr., deacon, 
 and by David Slauson. The meeting was held at the 
 house of Jonathan Wood, and the trustees chosen 
 were James Finch, Jr., Joseph Elston, Hulet Clark, 
 Thomas P. Young, Benjamin Manning, and Benja- 
 min Drake. We are indebted to the church clerk, 
 Mr. George A. Durland, for the following ])aper: 
 
 The Greenville Baptist house of worship was built 
 in the year 1816, being a branch or an out-station of 
 the Brookfield Church until July 31, 1822, when a 
 council was called consisting of the following-named 
 persons and churches the> represented in such council, 
 at the meeting-house in Greenville, viz. : (Warwick) 
 Elder Philander Gillett, Deacon James Burt, Jeffrey 
 Wisner, (Second Wantage) Elder Zelotus Grenell, 
 Deacon Peter Wintermute, Ebcnezer Mead, (Middle- 
 town) Elder Thomas P. Terry, Elihu Cary, (Brook- 
 field) Henry Ball, Deacon John Hallock, James Lain, 
 for the purjjose of constituting a Baptist Church of 
 Christ in that place. Elder Henry Ball was chosen 
 moderator, and Jonathan Wood clerk ; prayer by T. 
 P. Terry ; the articles of faith were read and agreed to 
 
 by all present ; prayer by Elder Hadley; adjourned 
 to two o'clock P.M. 
 
 Met agreeable to adjournment. Elder Z. Grenell 
 preached the constitution sermon ; Elder H. Ball gave 
 the church their charge ; J. P. Terry gave the right 
 hand of fellowship ; prayer by Elder Hadley. The 
 following-named persons were dismissed from the 
 Brookfield Baptist Church, July 6, 1822, for the pur- 
 pose of forming themselves into a separate organiza- 
 tion at Greenville, being the constituent members of 
 the cliurch, viz. : James Finch, Jr., David Slauson, 
 Aaron W. Rundle, Joseph Elston, Daniel Durand, 
 LTsher Moore, Aaron Howell, Joel Rundle, Jacob 
 Elston, Jonathan Wood, Holmes Elliott, David Els- 
 ton, Phebe Moore, Sarah Howell, Wealthy Harrison, 
 Eleanor Philips, Mary Van Tyle, Nancy Durand, 
 Rebecca Rundle, Nancy Rundle, Sarah Ketchum, 
 Elsie Rundle, Fanny Wood, Elizabeth Elston, Myra 
 Anna Durland, Asenath Durland, Lydia Elston, Elsie 
 Slauson, Louisa Slauson, Prudence Slauson, and 
 Sarah Young. 
 
 Aug. 3, 1822, the following-named persons were 
 dismissed from the Brookfield Church to unite with 
 the church at Greenville: Jesse Howell, Clarissa 
 Polly, Jonathan Moore, Elizabeth Moore, Dennis 
 Sullivan, Charity Sullivan, Fanny Stone, Phebe Har- 
 rison, Phebe Seybolt, Priscilla Hazen, Nancy Man- 
 ning, Rosilla Durland, Rebecca Spencer, Mary Grey, 
 Amy Norris, Mary Caskey, Ruth Patterson, Lucretia 
 McCane, Sarah Wood, Martha Rogers, Benjamin 
 Elston, and Mary Howell. 
 
 Nov. 3, 1838, the following-named persons, mem- 
 bers of the Greenville Baptist Church, were dismissed 
 to form a separate organization at Port Jervis, viz. : 
 Gilbert F. Mondon, Nehemiah L. Mondon, Samuel 
 Barrett, David Decker, Joseph Gibson, Catharine 
 S. Mondon, Nancy J. Pierson, Parmelia Birdsall, 
 Catharine Malcom, Mary E. Mondon, Lydia Guraaer, 
 Jane Rhodes, Elizabeth Thompson, and Jane Gumaer. 
 
 At the regular meeting of the church, held Aug. 
 31, 1822, James Finch, Jr., David Slauson, Aaron 
 Rundle, and Jonathan Wood were elected deacons, 
 and Jacob Elston church clerk ; these were the first 
 officers of the church. 
 
 Elder Henry Ball was pastor of the church from 
 the time of its organization until about the year 1833. 
 It was afterward supplied by Rev. D. Bennett, at that 
 time residing near LTnionville, Orange Co., until 1837. 
 At that time the church settled as their pastor Rev. 
 William H. Jurton, from Philadelphia, who is still 
 living, having charge of a church in Iowa. In the 
 year 1840 Rev. D. Bennett became pastorof the church 
 and continued as such until 1843, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by Rev. C. Brinkerhoof, who continued pas- 
 toral relations with the church two years. The church 
 then called the Rev. Joseph Haughwout, of Middle- 
 town, as their pastor ; he continued in charge of the 
 church until 1848, when he died. The church then ex- 
 tended a call to the Rev. Stephen Case, who took charge 
 
fi96 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 of the church in May, 1848, and has continued as pastor 
 up to the present time. Owing to the imperfection 
 of the records but little is known of the history of 
 the above-named pastors excepting the last mentioned 
 (Rev. S. Case) ; he was born in the town of Minisink, 
 near Westtown, in the year 1818, of parents who 
 were among the earlier inhabitants of the place where 
 they lived. His grandfather, Ebenezer Mead, was 
 prominently identified with the interests of the Baptist 
 denomination throughout this region of country. Mr. 
 Case united with the Mount Salem Baptist Church 
 in 1837, was educated for the ministry at the Madison 
 University, New York, and ordained as a minister of 
 the gospel at Beemerville, N. J. (being pastor of that 
 church at the time), in 184(i, and continued pastoral 
 relations with that church until he settled at Green- 
 ville. 
 
 The present officers of the church are as follows, i 
 viz. : Deacons, Coe Manning, Jonathan Stanton, S. V. 
 Jones, A. T. Baird, G. A. Durland ; Church Clerk, G. 
 A. Durland. Number of communicants, 116. 
 
 From the records in the office of the county clerk 
 it appears that this church executed a new certificate 
 of incorporation under date of Dec. 29, 1866, the 
 paper being signed by Stephen Case and Lemuel H. 
 Slauson ; and the trustees named were Samuel H. 
 Slauson, George McBride, Evan G. Carpenter, Col. 
 Manning, Alexander T. Baird, and Geo. A. Durland. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF GREEN- ' 
 VILLE 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Dec. 23, 1850. j 
 The proceedings were signed by Henry Clark and 
 John Manning. The trustees chosen were Isaac P. 
 King, John Manning, Henry Clark, Joseph Clark, i 
 Horace P. Shultz. 
 
 The house of worship is said to have been built 
 about fifty years ago, and a church was doubtless 
 formed mucli earlier than the above date of incorpo- 
 ration indicates. Mr. John Manning states that he 
 liimself joined the church in 1836. Other early Meth- 
 odists were Increase B. Stoddard, Sr. and Jr., Simon 
 M. Stoddard, Abel J. Smith and wife, Samuel Smith, 
 and Henry Clark. 
 
 Early ministers were Rev. Sedgwick Rusling, Rev. 
 Mr. Grace, and Rev. Bromwell Andrews, the latter 
 about 1836. 
 
 The present organization consists of Rev. Henry 
 Litis, pastor ; Leader, John Manning; Stewards, John 
 Manning, Joseph E. Moore, Robert C. Burns ; Trustees, 
 William L. Clark, David Clark, William F. Bodle, 
 William Maloy, Joseph P. Van Ness, Robert C. 
 Burns, James C. Debevoys, Peter Shandaberg; Super- 
 intendent of Sunday-school, Joseph E. Moore. 
 
 VIIL-BURIAL-PLACES. 
 
 There are several burial-places in town, none of 
 them, however, showing dates early enough to assist 
 much in determining the time of settlement. 
 
 They are as follows: the Manning yard, north part 
 of the town ; an old ground near the above, mostly of 
 the Seybolt family, in which there is said to be one 
 stone bearing the name of Sullivan and nearly one 
 hundred years old ; the Seeley ground in the western 
 part of the town ; an old family lot on theBoudewine 
 Cortright farm ; a dilapidated family lot on the old 
 Isaac King farm ; a small family lot on the Cornelius 
 Van Buskirk farm ; a private lot, well kept, on the 
 Mulock farm ; a family lot on the Lather Hallock 
 farm in fair condition ; a small family lot on the old 
 Remv farm, and one on the Webb Jenks' farm. 
 
 IX.-SOCIETIES, INCORPOKATIONS, Etc. 
 
 THE MINERAL SPRING MINING COMPANY 
 executed a certificate of incorporation on Sept. 26, 
 1864. The object was declared to be the " mining 
 and vending of lead and other minerals." The capi- 
 tal stock was fixed at $500,000, to be divided into 
 100,000 shares. The trustees named were Marvin 
 Beenian, Benjamin E. Brennan, John Eager, Am- 
 brose W. Green, Lewis Beach, F. V. Booth, and John 
 T. Willis. 
 
 THE GREENVILLE MINERAL AND MINING COM- 
 PANY 
 
 filed a legal certificate Aug. 6, 1864, increasing the 
 number of trustees to eight, and naming the follow- 
 ing : John Eager, of Batavia, N. Y. ; F. V. Booth, of 
 New York City ; Albert H. Hager, of Brooklyn ; 
 Thomas C. Robbins, of Windham, Conn. ; and Rus- 
 sell H. Hoadley as the additional members of the 
 board. The instrument was signed by Russell H. 
 Hoadley, M. Brennan, A. W. Green. 
 
 X.— INDUSTKIAL PUESUITS. 
 
 The town is emphatically a rural farming district. 
 There are no villages of any large growth and no 
 manufactories of prominence. Most of the crops 
 common to this section of country are cultivated. 
 Considerable wheat is produced. At the present time 
 (November, 1880) there are several fields green and 
 luxuriant as those of Western New York. Still, the 
 town is mostly a grazing district, dairying being a 
 large business. Besides the items of business men- 
 tioned in connection with the villages, there are also 
 establishments for butchering by B. A. Conkling and 
 John Burns. There is a creamery by J. L. Van Fleet 
 in the south part of the town, and another in the east- 
 ern part by Samuel Van Fleet. 
 
 Moore & Van Ness is a firm engaged somewhat ex- 
 tensively in buying live stock and hides. There is a 
 saw-mill and also a cider-mill bv Levi Decker. 
 
 XI.— MIIilTABY. 
 
 The quotas assigned to the town under official calls 
 during the Rebellion were as follows : ■ 
 
GREENVILLE. 
 
 697 
 
 Quota. Credit. 
 
 July and Auguat, 1802 37 Xi 
 
 .luly, 186:1, to Julv, I8(i* (consolidated) 33 23 
 
 July, 1804 29 30 
 
 December, 1864 4 4 
 
 103 92 
 
 In settlement with the State, under the bounty act 
 of 1865, the town was allowed an excess of forty-two 
 years, $8400, and for volunteers, $3000 ; total, $11,400. 
 
 In regard to bonds issued by the town (of which 
 there is no record in the office of the town clerk), 
 Wm. L. Clark, the present supervisor, writes : 
 
 "Bonds issued August, 1864 $25,169.00 
 
 " " Feb. 11, 1805 6,000.00 
 
 Total S31,159.0O 
 
 " The last bond was paid Feb. 11, 1871. Our quota 
 of men under eacli call was furnished, and in addition 
 thereto a number of volunteers were recruited prior 
 to first call (July, 1862). Only a partial list of vol- 
 unteers has been preserved." 
 
 The following list has been prepared from^inquiry 
 and from muster-rolls : 
 
 Theodore Anderson. 
 
 Robert K. Bennett, Co. H, 156th ; enl. Sept. 25, 1862. 
 Horatio A. Badgley, Co. H, 156th ; enl. Sept. 25, 1862. 
 Martin Burt, Co. H, 150tb ; enl. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 Ira Baird, 56th. 
 Edward Buyran, 28th Bat. 
 Lewis Babcock, 5tli Art. ; enl. August, 1862. 
 Wm. W. Cortright, 10th Art. ; enl. Jan. 11, 1864. 
 Thomas Cortright, 124th ; enl. Jan. 16, 1864. 
 Jonas Counor, Jesse Connor. 
 Chauncey C. Clark, 28th Bat., N. T. V. A. 
 Nelson G. Campbell, Co. 1, 156th ; enl. Oct. 7, 1862. 
 John Cortright, 6th Cavalry; lost his life in the service. 
 Samuel Cortright, Art.; lost his life iu the service. 
 Charles Daley, Co. 1, 156th; enl. Aug, 20, 1862. 
 Charles L. Doty, 28th Bat., N. T. V. A. 
 Charles L. Decker, 124th ; enl. Feb. 1, 1864. 
 Stephen Dickson, 124th. 
 George Decker, lOtb Art.; enl. Feb. 1, 1864. 
 Chauncey Elston, Co. F, 124th. 
 Thomas J. Elston, Co. F, 124th. 
 Gilbert C. Ferris, Co. I, 46th; eul. Oct. 2, 1862. 
 Fritz Fisher, Co. I, 156th ; enl. Aug. 27, 1862. 
 John Fitzgerald, 18th. 
 
 Harvey Griffin, Co. I, 156tb ; enl. Sept. 6, 1862. 
 45 
 
 Munson Green, 168th. 
 
 Gideon Hassell, Co. I, ISCtli ; eul. Aug. 28, 1862. 
 
 Dewitt C. Hallock, Jr., 28th Bat., N. Y. V. A. ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862. 
 
 Wm. H. n. Hunt, Co. F, 124th ; cnl. Aug. 15, 1802 ; credited to Deerpark ; 
 
 died April 4, 1863, of tyboid fever. 
 Peter A. F. Kanaka, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; died in division 
 
 hospital, of wounds received at Chancellorsville, May 16, 1803. 
 Kansom J. Hartford,'5th Art. 
 
 Benjamin Hull, Co. E, .124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; pro. Corp., and 2d sergt. 
 Zebulon Hallock, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; died of fever at Fal- 
 mouth, Jan. 7, 1863. 
 Wm. H. Hozier, Met. Guard. 
 Foster Jump. 
 
 Lorenzo Leipold, Co. 1, 156th ; enl. Aug. 28, 1862. 
 George W. Lanfare, Co. I, 166tli; enl. Aug. 21, 1862. 
 Job H. Lateer, Co. A, 168th ; enl. Nov. 22, 1862. 
 Samuel Lateer, 5th Art. 
 Horace Lateer, 5th Art. 
 ISowdoine C. Lee, Co. B, 124th; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; disch. March 18, 
 
 1863. 
 Nathan B. Mullen, Co. K, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; credited to Wawa- 
 yanda ; died July 22, 1863, of wounds received at Chancellorsville ; 
 buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, Washington, D. C. 
 Amasa Quick, to. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 23, 1862; killed in battle at Get- 
 tysburg, July 2, 1863. 
 Abraham McGill, 5th Art. 
 ChoB. Newell, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 19, 1802 ; killed tn battle at Chan- 
 
 celloreville, May 3, 186.3. 
 Joseph Morris. 
 Anizi W. Quick, Co. F, 124th. 
 Jonathan W. Rackett,6tb Cavalry ; re-eul.,serving3year8andl0months; 
 
 injured in a stampede of cavalry. 
 J. C. Bundle, 28th Bat., N. Y. V. A. 
 Jacob Rolsson, New Jersey. 
 Samuel Read, 5th Art. 
 
 Stephen R. Simpkins, Co. I, ISOtb ; enl. Sept. 30, 1802. 
 Leman N. Simons. 
 
 Samuel Seeley, 28tb Bat., N. Y. V. A.; enl. Sept. 30, 1802. 
 Ira Seeley, 28th Bat. ; lost his life In the service. 
 Harlan Seeley, lost his life in the service. 
 Josiah Seeley, 28th Bat. 
 William H. Shaw, Co. E, 124th; enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; must, out June 3, 
 
 1805. 
 Calvin Shaw, William Stolbert. 
 Michael Shay, New Jersey, 
 Henry H. Scott, 15th Cavalry. 
 Floyd Taylor, 5th Art. 
 Lewis Trimble, 5th Art. 
 Demmon Van Tuyl, 20th Bat. 
 Merritt C. Van Tuyl, 124th; enl. Jan. 9, 1864; wounded iu hand May 19, 
 
 1864. 
 Levi 8. Wood, Co. 1, 150th ; enl. Oct. 7, 1802. 
 Philetus B. Welch, Co. 1, 15eth; enl. Sept. 6, 1802. 
 Daniel Wells. 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 I.-SITUATION, BOUNDAHIES, AREA, TITLE. 
 Deerpark is situated at the extreme western 
 angle of the county, and is triangular in outline. Its 
 boundaries may be stated as follows: North by Sul- 
 livan County, southeast by Mount Hope and Green- 
 ville, and southwest by the States of New Jersey and 
 Pennsylvania and by the county of Sullivan. The 
 area of this town is 38,034 acres, as given in the last 
 supervisors' report, but, as often explained, this is only 
 an approximation to the true area. The assessed 
 valuation of the town, 1879-80, was $2,431,680, and the 
 total taxes collected upon that basis were $37,374.27. 
 The title to the soil of this town is derived through the 
 Minisink Patent, with the exception of certain small 
 tracts,— the Arent Schuyler Patent, the Tietsort 
 Patent, and the Cuddeback Patent. The Tietsort 
 Patent was for 400 acres. The deed from the Indians 
 to Tiets9rt in 1700 is of record in I'lster County 
 clerk's office. His patent is also preserved. 
 
 Perhaps there is no place more appropriate than 
 this for a brief statement concerning the dispute over 
 the line between the States of New York and New 
 Jersey, which lasted for many years and involved 
 territory which is now in the town of Deerpark. For 
 a long period the owners of the 1200-acre patent and 
 of the Minisink Patent were troubled by a tedious 
 conflict with the inhabitants of New Jersey, growino- 
 out of the uncertain . location of the line between 
 New York and New Jersey, one side claiming it to be 
 further south to a certain point on the Delaware River, 
 and the other farther north to a certain point on the 
 same river. It so happened that the line claimed by 
 New Jersey ran through the 1200-acre patent in this 
 county, and certain persons in that State procured a 
 Jersey colony title for a tract of land extending north 
 to this claimed line, and covering a large portion of 
 the 1200 acres. As the line remained unsettled, no 
 action at law could be maintained by either party, 
 and consequently many hard personal struggles took 
 place to maintain or get possession of the lands in 
 question. 
 
 The whole difficulty grew out of determining what 
 and where "the northwardmost branch of the Dela- 
 ware River" was. Both parties starting at the same 
 point on the Hudson River, in latitude 40°, New York 
 contended for a line which would strike the Delaware 
 698 
 
 at the southern extremity of Big Minisink Island,* 
 while the line insisted upon by New Jersey would 
 strike the Delaware just south of Cochecton, making 
 a triangular gore of land between them, growing 
 wider as it ran to the west, where it was several miles 
 wide. In the final settlement this gore was about 
 equally divided between the parties, after being a bone 
 of contention for nearly seventy-five years. Some of 
 the patentees having sold out to others of their num- 
 ber and removed, the party in possession was weak- 
 ened ; in consequence of which, and to regain their 
 strength, they gave some of their lands to Harraanus 
 Van Inwegen, a bold and strong man, and who had 
 married a daughter of one of the Swartwouts. The 
 following incident may serve to prove his intrepidity: 
 Maj. Swartwout resided on the lands in dispute, 
 and some two miles from the settlement on the un- 
 disputed part. Some of the Jersey claimants were 
 watching foi: an opportunity to enter his house and 
 get possession before he could procure help from his 
 neighbors. He was aware of it, and to counteract 
 the attempt and repel the invaders kept a number 
 of guns ready loaded in his house, with scmie addi- 
 tional men to work his farm, and lend assistance in a 
 case of emergency. He was major in the militia of 
 the then county of Orange, about the years 1730 or 
 1740. Notwithstanding the major's precautions to 
 defend his possessions, it appears that at a certain 
 time, about the year 1730, his family were expelled 
 and his goods removed out of the house, and posses- 
 sion taken by the intruders. Assistance was procured 
 from Goshen, which, with the inhabitants of this 
 neighborhood, expelled the inmates and reinstated 
 the major. Afterwards they were informed that the 
 Jerseymen had collected a strong party, with which 
 on a certain day they intended to dispossess the oc- 
 cupants generally on the disputed lands. When the 
 day came the occupants, fathers and sons, all assem- 
 bled at the house of Harmanus Van Inwegen armed 
 with guns and fully equipped. When the Jersey 
 company came in view, the occupants went out into 
 
 * It is difficult to Bee any basis for this New York claim iu the words 
 of the grant. The New Jersey claim line had the certain merit of run- 
 ning to the mouth of some branch, if not to the true one, but the New 
 York claim line does not seem to liave been run to the mouth of any 
 branch of the Delaware at all. 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 699 
 
 the road and formed themi-elves in line for battle. 
 The Jerseymen unexpectedly finding these men col- 
 lected and armed for mortal combat, became suddenly 
 daunted in their military courage and hastily retreated 
 to the nearest woods. This occurred when Gerardus 
 Swartwout was a young man, and about 1740. 
 
 The last struggle between the i)arties was to cap- 
 ture and imprison the major and .Johannes West- 
 brook, both of whom lived on the battle-ground. 
 Any open effort to capture the major was known to 
 be environed with great difficulty, and the Jerseymen 
 undertook to ettect it on the Sabbath, at the door of 
 the church. This was between the years 1764-67, 
 and when the Rev. Thomas Komeyn was pastor, he 
 being settled at Flatbush, L. I., till 1764. To accom- 
 plish it they collected a strong party, who came 
 armed with clubs on the day appointed, and when 
 the minister preached in the church of Maghaghkemek 
 surrounded it. After the services were ended, and 
 the major and Capt. Westbrook had gone out, they 
 were made prisoners after a harsh struggle. The 
 major was taken and confined in the Jersey colony 
 prison, from which he was soon released. Not long 
 after this, Vjy the establishment of a new line between 
 the colonies, as previously remarked, all the border 
 disputes and personal frays ended.* 
 
 A careful statement of this whole controversy is 
 given in the annual report of the State geologist of 
 New Jersey for the year 1874. The narrative has 
 
 • The followiDg aflldavit (for which and for several other papers of 
 interest the publishers are indebted to Wm. U. Nearpass, editor of the 
 PortJervis Giizelte), though made after the disputed boundary question 
 had been settled, would seem to favor the claims of New Jersey that the 
 intersection of the State line with the Delaware was at Shoacan (Han- 
 cock) : 
 
 " Obange COINTY. 8« ; 
 
 •' Johannis Decker being Duly sworn, deposeth and Saith That he was 
 tjoru at Rochester, is now Seventy-one or Seventy-two years of age Lived 
 since be was a Sucking Child at Blohaghcamake,— he was well acquaiJited 
 with tbe Indians and their Language from a Child,— That he was well 
 acquainted with the fishkill so called by the Dutch people, and by tbe 
 English people Delaware, by the Indians Lamasepose That is lisbkill. 
 That he has always understood from the Indians, young and Old that the 
 left hand or West Branch at Shohacan carried up the name of the Lam- 
 aeejKise to the head of it, and the Reason why they gave the Deponent 
 was because there was great numbers of Maskunamack (that is Bass) 
 and Guwam (that is shad) went up that Branch, A but few or non went up 
 the East Branch. That he has also heard from Daniel Cole that he had 
 been up the fishkill so far that he could jump over with a walking stick 
 and that he the Deponent had understood that this was the West Branch. 
 That this Transaction was befor the former Tryal at New York, and that 
 Daniel Cole is now dead. That this Deponent was well acquainted with 
 the Indians, Anibehoes, Mastewap, Yamatabenties, Echkaniare and a 
 number of others that lived at Coshecton, Shohacan H Cookhouse, But 
 not much ai:quainted with the papekunk Indians because they wore 
 Eaopus Indians,— that the Mongap comes into the fishkill alwut Eight 
 miles above Neversink and further saith not. 
 
 His 
 "Johannis x Decker. 
 mark. 
 " Sworn this 23'' day of 
 
 Dec 178.') before me 
 
 Soloman Cuykendal, J. P. 
 " A True Copy from the Original 
 
 Cockburn.'' 
 
 already been brought down to 1762. t It required, 
 however, several years longer to complete the adjust- 
 ment. Commissioners were appointed by each State, 
 but no satisfactory agreement was reached until a 
 royal act was obtained, passed " at the court of St. 
 James the 1st day of September, 1773." This act 
 determined the points for running the line substan- 
 tially as it now exists. It remained for commissioners 
 appointed by the States of New York and New Jersey 
 to actually run the line. The New Jersey commis- 
 sioners — John Stevens and Walter Rutherford — made 
 their report April 15, 1775, and it was approved by 
 the Legislature of New Jersey. The New York Com- 
 missioners were William Wickham and Samuel Gale. 
 The joint report had been previously made, Nov. 30, 
 1774, and that was based upon the certificate of the 
 actual surveyors, — James Clinton, of Ulster Co., N. Y., 
 and Anthony Dennis, of Monmouth Co., N. J., dated. 
 Nov. 26, 1774. These papers closed a controversy 
 which had existed for more than sixty years. 
 
 One iiundred years later (1874) a survey of this 
 line was made by commissioners appointed by the 
 respective State Legislatures. A careful verification 
 of the initial points was made by the aid of the 
 officers of the United States Coast Survey, and a rec- 
 tification of the intermediate points. Those desiring 
 a detailed account of this resurvey, and a full state- 
 ment resjjecting all the intermediate milestones, will 
 find it in the report quoted above.J 
 
 AN EARLY TRIP TO THE MINISINK REGION. 
 
 The name Minisink, in nearly its present form, has 
 evidently been in use two hundred years or more. 
 Its correct original orthography is Minnisink. The 
 earliest maps of the New Netherlands sent to Europe 
 described this section of country as occupied by a 
 tribe of Indians known as the Minquas. In docu- 
 ments drawn up during the early years of the subse- 
 quent English rule they were called the Minsies. It 
 is something of an abrupt and perhaps tame con- 
 clusion to which previous historians have arrived, 
 that the word Minsies, or Minquas, became, by a pro- 
 cess of growth or corruption, Minisinks.? 
 
 Whether this is the correct origin or not, the latter 
 name appears in 1694 in the journal of Capt. Arent 
 Schuyler, who visited this region for the purpose of 
 ascertaining whether the influence of the French had 
 penetrated to the Indians living here. The slaughter 
 at Schenectady and the destruction of that town had 
 occurred only a few years before, and a state of almost 
 
 t A map drawn in 1765 shows the present line, and was probably the 
 first map upon which it appeared. 
 
 I We refer also to a recent valuable pamphlet with the following title; 
 " Notes and Memoranda relating to the West New Jersey Society of West 
 New Jersey. By John Clement, of Haddonfield. S. Chew, Printer, Cam- 
 den, N. J." It is there shown that the controversy was largely one in- 
 volving title to the soil, and not entirely a ques^tion of State jurisdiction. 
 It is also stated that the society still mnintaiuB an organization in Lon- 
 don, has an annual meeting, appoints its ancient committees, and disposes 
 of a solid English dinner, all in due form. 
 
 'i See General History. 
 
700 
 
 HISTORY OF OEANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 perpetual war existed. Capt. Schuyler's visit is sup- 
 posed to have been the first entry of a white man into 
 this immediate section, and his report has therefore 
 special interest. We give it below :* 
 
 ** May it plkase Tour Kxcellency 
 
 " In pursuance to y» Excell; comniamis I have beeu in the Minissink 
 Country, of which I liave liept tlie following journal: viz 
 
 " 1694 y« 3'' of Feb. — I departed from New Torke for East New Jersey 
 
 and came that night att Bergentown where I hired two men and a guide. 
 
 " Y" 4*** Sunday morning. — I went from Beigen and travilled about 
 
 ten English miles beyond Ilaghkengsack to an Indian place called 
 
 Peckwes. 
 
 " Y« 501 Monday. — From Peckwes North and be West I went about 
 thirty two miles snowing and rainy weather. 
 
 " T" G^i' Tuesday. — I continued my journey to Magaglikamieck [the 
 Indian name of the Neversink] and from thence to within half a days 
 journey to the Menissinck. 
 
 " Ye 7"> Wednesday. — About eleven oclock I arrived att the Minissinck 
 and there I met with two of their sachems and severall other Indians 
 of whonie I enquired after some news, if the French or their In(Uans 
 had sent for them or been in y" Menissinck Country. 
 
 " Upon w^'' they answere<i tiiat noe French nor any of the French In- 
 dians were nor had been in tlie Menissinck Country nor there abouts 
 and did promise y* if y French should happen to come or y* they heard 
 of it that they will forthwith send a mesenger and give y' Excellency 
 notice thereof, 
 
 "Inquireiug further after news they told me that six days a goe three 
 Christians and two Sbanwans Indians who went about fifteen months a 
 goe with Arnout Vielle into the Sbanwans Country were passed by the 
 Menissinck going for Albany to fetch powder for Arnout and his com- 
 pany: and further told them that s^ Arnout intended to be there w'"" 
 aeaven hundred of y* said Sbanwans Indians loaden wtl" beavor and pel- 
 tries att y time ye Indian corn is about one foot high (which may be in 
 the month of June). 
 
 "The Menissinck Sachems further s"* that one of their Sachems and 
 other of their Indians were gone to fetch beavor and peltries wliich they 
 had hunted ; and having no news of them are afraid yt ye Sinneques have 
 killed them for ye lucar of the beavor or because ye Minissinck Indians 
 have not been with ye Sinneques as usual to pay their Dutty, and there- 
 fore desier y* your excellency will be pleased to order y* the Sinneques 
 may be told not to molest or hurt ye Minissinck they be willing to con- 
 tinue in amity with them. 
 
 "In the afternoon I departed from ye Menissincks; the gtl", 9'ti and 
 loi** of Feb I travilled an<l came att Bergen in y*' morning and about 
 noone arrived att New Yorke. 
 
 " This may it please your Excell : the humble reporte of your Excel- 
 lency's most humble serv^ Arent Schuyler." 
 
 II.-NATUKAL FEATUEES. 
 
 The topography of this town is marked and pecu- 
 liar. In the eastern portion is the broad valley of the 
 Neversink, extending almost in a straight course from 
 northeast to southwest. Along this valley the early 
 settlers, attracted by the fertility of the soil, made 
 their first openings in the forest. Not far from the Nev- 
 ersink River, and nearly parallel to it, the hand of art 
 has supplemented nature by that great enterprise, the 
 Delaware and Hudson Canal. 
 
 The only tributaries of the Neversink from the east, 
 with one exception, are unimportant rivulets flowing 
 down from the slopes of the Shawangunk Mountains. 
 
 Several similar rivulets also unite at various points 
 from the west. One of greater importance, the Old 
 Dam Kill, flows into the Neversink at Huguenot. This 
 is formed of two branches, which drain a large portion 
 
 * It is not certain that he was in the Noveraink Valley above Carpen- 
 ter's Point. His route "Northwest" makes it, however, probable that 
 he went through the pass at Otisville or further south, near Carpenter's 
 Point. 
 
 of the centre of this town and afford valuable water- 
 power. Basha's Kill, the largest trilnitary from the 
 east, skirts the base of a high range of hills in the 
 northea.st part of the town, and unites with the Nev- 
 ersink east of Cuddebackville. 
 
 On the southwest the Delaware River divides the 
 town from the State of Pennsylvania, and on the 
 west the Mongaup, a branch of the Delaware, forms 
 the boundary line between Doerpark and Sullivan 
 County. One tributary of the Mongaup drains the 
 Quarry Hill district; upon this are the Bushkill Falls. 
 A branch of the Delaware, uniting at Bolton Basin, 
 drains a large portion of the higher central part of 
 the town. Through the Honesville district there is 
 another small tributary of the Delaware which rises 
 in the Highlands near Huguenot. Big Pond is about 
 one mile long and half a mile wide. Its outlet is 
 known as Shingle Kill. Little Pond is about one- 
 fourth of a mile in diameter. Its outlet is Old Dam 
 Brook, so called from an ancient dam. The Grassy 
 Swamp is an exten.sive tract in the western angle of 
 the town, lying between Sullivan County and the 
 Mongaup River. It is low and wet, overgrown with 
 long, coarse grass. The stream passing through it is 
 known as Grassy Swamp Brook. 
 
 The surface of the town may be described in general 
 terms as a mountainous upland, broken by the nu- 
 merous streams, many of which flow through deep, 
 rocky ravines. The higher lauds of the central and 
 w'est portions end with steep declivities along the 
 Delaware River. Near Port Jervis, Mount William 
 and Point Peter form attractive features of the land- 
 scape. 
 
 The name Basha's Kill is said to be derived from 
 an Indian squaw-sachem (a specimen of woman's 
 rights) who lived on the banks of the stream near 
 Westbrookville. Her name is reported in tradition 
 as Basha Bashiba, and she is said to have been very 
 friendly to the whites, all of which may be accepted 
 as a safe explanation until a better one appears.! The 
 valleys are distinguished as follows : the Mamakating 
 Valley lies along Basha's Kill ; the Neversink flows 
 through the Suckapack Valley to its junction with 
 Basha's Kill ; below the junction is the Neversink 
 Valley proper, generally called Peenpack in the early 
 annals, and extends from the junction to the mouth 
 of the Neversink at Carpenter's Point. 
 
 III.-EABLY SETTLEMENT. 
 It has already been shown in the (Jeneral History 
 that Wm. Tietsort (said to be the same name as the 
 one now written Titsworth) fled from Schenectady at 
 the capture of that town in 1689 by the Indians; that 
 he barely escaped with his life and came to Esopus; 
 that very soon he went to the Minisink country, where, 
 after residing several years upon a tract of land, he ob- 
 tained in 1698 the right to purchase ; that he did so 
 
 t Ante, p. 40. 
 
DEEKPARK. 
 
 701 
 
 purchase ; that his title, afterwards disputed, was con- 
 firmed, and was one of the exceptions to the Minisink 
 Patent. He afterwards sold to John Decker, and it 
 is believed that further investigation will show that 
 his location was the present Benjamin Van Vleet 
 place, near Port Jervis. 
 
 Early settlements within the present limits of this 
 town were also made at Peenpack, and on the south- 
 erly portion of that long and narrow valley of par- 
 tially alluvial land known as Mamakating Hollow. 
 
 Some of the original settlers came from the settle- 
 ments of the Dutch on the Hudson, at Kingston and 
 its vicinity. Following the flat lands on the banks of 
 the streams to the southward, they wandered along 
 the valley just mentioned to the Delaware River. 
 These tenants of the valley took possession, and occu- 
 pied such portions of the country as suited their tastes, 
 regardless of the real ownership. 
 
 In the year 1697 a patent was granted to Arent 
 Schuyler for "A certain tract of land in the Minisink 
 country, in the province of New York, called by the 
 native Indians Sankhekeneck, otherwise May hawaem ; 
 also another tract, called Warinsayskmeck, situated 
 upon a river called Mennessincks, before a certain 
 island called Menagnock, which tract is adjacent or 
 near to a tract of land called Maghaghkemek, con- 
 taining the quantity of one thousand acres and no 
 more." 
 
 In the same year another patent was granted to 
 Jacob Codebec, Thomas Swartwout, Anthony Swart- 
 wout, Bernardus Swartwout, Jan Tys, Peter Giraar, 
 and David Jamison, and included " a certain quantity 
 of land at a place called Maghaghkemek, being the 
 quantity of one thousand two hundred acres; begin- 
 ning at the western bounds of the lands called Nepe- 
 neck, to a small run of water called by the Indian 
 name Assawaghkemeck, and so along said run of 
 water and the lands of Mansjoor the Indian." 
 
 The lands included in the two patents are situated 
 in the valley of the Peenpack. It will be perceived 
 that they are described in such a loose and imperfect 
 manner as to make it IrapossiLle to fix any particular 
 location for either of them, and the patentees seem to 
 have considered them as " floating" patents, under 
 which they were authorized to take possession of any 
 unappropriated lands in any part of the valley. In- 
 deed, in after-years, when it was necessary to make a 
 partition of the Minisink Patent, — within the general 
 bounds of which these two patents were included, but 
 in which they were expressly excepted, — the commis- 
 sioners appointed to make the partition found great 
 difficulty in making a location of them. With respect 
 to the patent to Codebec and others, they remark 
 that " it contains no particular boundaries, but ap- 
 pears rather to be a description of a certain tract of 
 country in which the 1200 acres were to be taken up 
 at the election of the parties, which election having 
 been made many years ago, and being evidenced by 
 the actual possession of the parties, consists of five 
 
 distinct small tracts." These five tracts lie along the 
 Neversink River and the Basha's Kill, from near the 
 Delaware River to within the bounds of the county 
 of Sullivan, about the distance of eleven miles. 
 
 Of the seven patentees above named, Codebec and 
 Gimar were Frenchmen, and according to a certifi- 
 cate then in the' possession of Gimar, in the French 
 language, they were in that country in the year 168-'), 
 in April, being about twenty years old. On leaving 
 France they proceeded to England or Holland, where 
 they remained a short time, and were to be .supplied 
 with funds within a certain period by their friends at 
 home, and in the receipt of which they were disap- 
 pointed. They then embarked for America, and landed 
 somewhere in the State of Maryland. By this time their 
 money was spent, and they were compelled to support 
 themselves by manual labor, — a condition of things 
 to which they had not been accustomed ; yet with that 
 sprightliness of character and spirit of accommoda- 
 tion which cheerfully bends to every condition of 
 things, these individuals yielded with their usual 
 grace to the necessity of the case. Their stay in 
 Maryland was short, and they then emigrated to the 
 State of New York, and either in the city, or in one 
 of the counties on the east side of the Hudson, both 
 connected themselves in marriage with the Swartwout 
 family. These marriages doubtless led to the after- 
 intimacy and association of these persons, and was 
 the reason of their co-settlement in the county. 
 
 The Swartwouts were large men, of great bodily 
 strength and courage, and well calculated to be pio- 
 neers in the settlement of a new country densely 
 covered with woods and infested by the natives and 
 ferocious wild animals. 
 
 These seven men are said to have come to this town 
 in 1690,* but did not procure the patent of 1200 acres 
 previously mentioned till the 14th of October, 1697. 
 Tys and Jamison must have died soon after the loca- 
 tion of the patent or emigrated elsewhere, for in the 
 future history of this settlement we neither find them 
 mentioned, nor any others of that name till long after 
 the period we are speaking, of. Within a few years 
 after the settlement the patent fell into the hands of 
 Peter Gumaer, Jacob Cuddeback, one of the Swart- 
 wouts, and Hermanus Van Inwegen, as the names 
 are now written and as they will hereafter be given in 
 the history of the town. 
 
 The land covered by the patent laid along the 
 Neversink River and Basha's Kill, at and below their 
 junction, and was very fertile. The grass which grew 
 u])on these river flats was coarse, and from four to six 
 feet high, and called in Dutch reel grass. The flats 
 are now much altered from what they were, being cut 
 up by channels by the action of the river, and grown 
 over with woods. 
 
 At this time the nearest settlement was in Mama- 
 kating Hollow, some twenty-five or thirty miles north, 
 
 * On the authority of the Gumaer manuscript ; but Arent Schuyler 
 makes no mention of white people in 1694. 
 
•702 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 and about half-way to Esopus. Soon after these in- , 
 dividuals settled on the patent others came in and 
 located in the town, among whom were Peter Cuyken- 
 dall, John Decker, William Cole, Solomon Davis, 
 and a few others. In the nature of things, it is a 
 laborious business to settle a new country, and this 
 count}' was eminently so because it was wholly covered i 
 with large timber. The difficulties encountered by 
 our Western immigrants at this day, owing to the 
 nature of soil and timber, are not to be compared 
 with those encountered in the settlement of this 
 State. Here everything had to be done, — there was 
 nothing ready or partially fitted to the hands of the 
 settlers. Unless they brought implements with them i 
 from Europe they had to manufacture them, for they I 
 could not be purchased everywhere as now. 
 
 The plows of that day and those used at this 
 locality were complicated in structure: they were 
 nearl}' out of use in 1775, and may be thus described: , 
 the forward end of the beam rested on an axle-tree i 
 between a large and small wheel.* The large wheel 
 ran in the furrow, and the small one on the unbroken 
 sod, which made the axle horizontal. 
 
 Wheat and rye were cut by means of a knife or 
 cutter about two feet long, fastened to a wooden 
 handle, and similar to a hemp-hook, and then gath- , 
 ered up into sheaves with a small hook fastened also ] 
 to a wood handle. With these two instruments, one 
 man at the same time cut down and gathered it up. 
 This was the universal practice at this settlement, and 
 it continued till about 1760, when scythes and cradles ' 
 began to be used. Cattle were housed as well as 
 horses, and all fed on grain and straw, during the 
 winter. Though threshing was done with the flail, 
 much of it was trampled out by horses. The grain 
 was cleaned by a large hand-fan made of willow rods. 
 The first fanning-mill was brought into this part of 
 the country by Peter Gumaer about 1750 or 1760. 
 
 The first wagons used here were made principally 
 of wood. The wheels were not hooped with iron ; the 
 felloes were thick, and drove full of wood pins to 
 make them durable. Sleds were shod with wood. 
 The harness was manufactured of flax and tow, the 
 collars and neck-straps wove of rope yarn, doubled 
 and twisted, which the men of the family manufac- 
 tured during the long winter evenings. The women 
 were pleasantly employed around the large family 
 hearth in spinning and reeling yarn. 
 
 The first settlers carried their wheat to Esopus to 
 sell — a distance of fifty or sixty miles — over a road 
 a great part of which must have been in very bad 
 order, only about twenty miles of which were worked 
 by the inhabitants of this settlement.t Such was one 
 of the disadvantages under which these early settlers 
 labored ; but by industriously working their produc- 
 tive lands they surmounted them all, lived as well 
 and grew as wealthy as the farmers of this day. For 
 
 * This has been reproduced in some of the new plows of recent years. 
 t Ante, p. 110. 
 
 the first half-century the coarse grains were not cash 
 articles, being used principally to feed cattle and 
 fatten the hogs. Corn, prepared in various ways, was 
 used with milk for the morning and evening meal 
 before tea and coflee came into general use, which was 
 little before 1800 in that locality. Tea was first intro- 
 duced here about 1760 or 1770, probably soon after 
 the French war, for when the Revolution cut ofi" the 
 supply the inhabitants thought it very hard to be de- 
 prived of its use. Wheat was the great crop, and the 
 first attempt to grind it was made by Jacob Codebeck 
 with a very small mill. One of the stones with which 
 the experiment was made — about two feet in diameter 
 and three inches thick — is still to be seen in the cellar 
 of Peter E. Gumaer, of this town, near where the 
 ancient mill stood. It was erected on a spring brook 
 near his house, but how it answered the purpose is 
 not now known. Though uninformed of the date of 
 this erection, it must have been the first of the kind 
 in this county. There were two other grist-mills 
 erected in this vicinity, on what was called " Old Dam 
 Brook," one at and the other below the outlet of a 
 swamp and bog meadow, — so long since that no one 
 of the last generation saw their remains, except the 
 ground and stones which composed a part of the dam 
 of one of them. One of them was at the northwest 
 side of the road, three-fourths of a mile northeast of 
 Port Jervis; the other lower down on the brook. 
 Jacob R. DeWitt built a mill about the year 1770 on 
 the Neversink River, near Cuddebackville, which 
 continued to grind till sold to the Canal Company. 
 
 There was also an old mill erected by Solomon 
 Davis, — the site in later years was occupied by one 
 owned by Mr. Thomas Van Etten, — and another by 
 Simon Westfall, the .site of which was subsequently 
 occupied by Mr. Rennet's mill. There was still an- 
 other old mill near Butler's Falls. 
 
 Judging from the sawed materials in old buildings, 
 saw-mills must have been in very early use in this 
 neighborhood. One is known to have been erected 
 about 1760 or 1770. 
 
 The first grist-mills performed the operation of 
 grinding only. The bolting was performed by hand- 
 sifting, before the flour was converted into bread. 
 This process took out the coarse bran, and every 
 family kept a sieve for the purpose. This flour made 
 the real healthy Graham brown bread. 
 
 It is proper to mention at this point that there are 
 , traditions of still earlier settlement which deserve 
 notice, and which seem to rest mostly upon letters 
 written by Samuel Preston, of Stockport, Pa., in 1828. 
 i Mr. Preston had been employed in his youth as a sur- 
 veyor, and soon after the close of the Revolution ex- 
 ecuted an engagement in Northampton Co., Pa. In 
 his account of the work and the region of country, 
 he states that he received from John Lukens, sur- 
 veyor-general of Pennsylvania, an account of the 
 I early settlement. The recollections of Lukens ex- 
 ' tended back to 1730, when, as an apprentice, he had 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 703 
 
 carried chain and learned surveying of Nicholas 
 Scull, the famous surveyor of early times. In ex- 
 ploring the Minisink country they found a fine or- 
 chard larger than any near Philadelphia. This was 
 owned by Samuel Depuis. Depuis drew his wheat 
 and cider to Kingston, about a hundred miles, over 
 the "Mine road," and brought back salt and other 
 necessaries. 
 
 Nearly sixty years later, as the tradition asserts, at 
 the Preston expedition of 1787, they met Nicholas 
 Dupuis, the son of Samuel, living in a spacious stone 
 house in great plenty and affluence, who confirmed 
 the previous traditions. These are the authorities 
 which are claimed to indicate early settlement, while 
 the country was still in possession of the Dutch, 
 prior, therefore, to 1664. Mines are said to have been 
 opened at two points, — " one on the Delaware, where 
 the mountain nearly approaches the lower point of 
 Pahaquarry Flat ; the other at the north foot of the 
 same mountain, near half-way from the Delaware to 
 Esopus." The tradition implies that the mining and 
 the settlement were abandoned in 1664 at the Eng- 
 lish conquest. 
 
 It is evident that these traditions relate to territory 
 beyond the present limits of Orange County, and 
 that they prove little or nothing with reference to 
 the towns to which this present history is devoted. 
 The " mines" loere opened at some very early date, as 
 compared with the time of general settlement. The 
 " Mine road" was an early work, but there is no 
 proof that either were in existence before the Dutch 
 surrender in 1664. Even the interview of Lukens 
 with Samuel Depuis* in 1730, afibrds no indication of a 
 settlement having existed for seventy or eighty years 
 previously. Thirty years or forty years, carrying the 
 date of settlement back even to 1690, would have 
 afforded ample time for the growth of an excellent 
 orchard, the production of considerable cider, and 
 the growth of abundant crops of wheat. 
 
 The address of Benjamin B. Edsall, Esq., at the 
 first Sussex centenary, Oct. 6, 1853, presses definitely 
 this claim of early settlement in behalf of the lower 
 Minisink, twelve miles from Carpenter's Point. 
 
 As this is now beyond the bounds of New York, it 
 is not perhaps a necessary part of our work to throw 
 doubt upon this claim ; but as the same claim is made 
 for the Peenpack Valley (as above shown), we can 
 hardly avoid again remarking that there is no basis 
 for either. It is true the Dutch built a fort at Rond- 
 out in 1614, but the settlement of Kingston (Old 
 Wiltwyck) was not made until 1657. It was in the 
 .second Esopus war, 1663, that the New Paltz region 
 east of theShawangunk Mountains was "discovered," 
 and later than that before a settlement was made 
 there. True, this would not exclude the idea of set- 
 tlements on the west side of the mountains through 
 
 * Samuel Bepnis lived on the PeuusyWania side of tiie Delaware River, 
 about thirty-eight miles below Port Jervis, and three miles north of the 
 Water Gap. (See ante, p. 15.) 
 
 the Rondout Valley, and so farther south to the 
 Mamakating. But it was not until 1669 that a few 
 emigrants ventured out upon this line as far as Marble- 
 town, and ten or fifteen years later before any located 
 at Rochester. 
 
 The paper of Capt. Arent Schuyler, already quoted, 
 giving account of his visit to this country in 1694, 
 makes no allusion to any white settlers whatever. 
 The Preston letters, containing the account of inter- 
 views with Samuel Depuy in 1630 and Nicholas Depuy 
 in 1687, seem to have been the only evidence which 
 previous writers had in favor of this early settlement 
 of the Minisink region. The suggestions above given 
 prove this story of settlement in 1650 to 1660 wholly 
 a myth. Whether Cuddeback, Gumacr, and their as- 
 sociates were in the Peenpack Valley in 1790 is not 
 settled by Arent Schuyler's letters of 1794, for he 
 might not have penetrated as far north ; yet it may 
 be presumed Schuyler would have heard of them 
 and mentioned them if there had been a settlement. 
 Inquiry among the descendants fails to find any one 
 positive as to the date of this settlement, yet Dr. 
 C. E. Cuddeback, of Port Jervis, has in his possession 
 certain memoranda in the shape of petitions to the 
 colonial government to be protected in their title, 
 one dated in 1797 the other in 1799. The graves in 
 the old Gumaer burial-place are very old, one bear- 
 ing date 1713. The evidence, then, entirely disproves 
 any claim to settlement in 1650. That the Minisink 
 region was settled in 1650 (even the New Jersey part 
 of it) is impossible from any documents now existing. 
 
 To a certain extent the settlement of Deerpark 
 must be considered a portion of the history of all the 
 Minisink region, especially all that part of it which 
 relates to the controversies between the settlers on the 
 Minisink and Wawayanda Patents with the people in 
 New Jersey about the possession of the lands along 
 the disputed line. The settlement must have been 
 very early, and to some extent before 1700, for settle- 
 ments were made by inhabitants of New Jersey north 
 of that, and complaints against them brought before 
 the Colonial Assembly for their direction as early as 
 that period. 
 
 This border warfare was long and tedious, as already 
 shown. In 1755 a bill was passed " to impower cer- 
 tain trustees to dispose of any quantity of unappro- 
 priated lands within the patents of Minisink and 
 Wawayanda to rai.se a sum, not exceeding £1000 on 
 each, to defend the title and possessions of the pro- 
 prietors of the patents against the encroachments of 
 the people of East New Jersey, and to defray the ex- 
 pense already accrued thereon." 
 
 From records elsewhere given (ante, p. 20), it ap- 
 pears that in 1714 the following were the only free- 
 holders in Maghaghkemek, viz., Thomas Swartwout, 
 Harmon Barentsen, Jacob Cuddeback, Peter Gumaer, 
 and Jacobus Swartwout. In 1728 they are recorded 
 as Harmon Barentsen Van Inwegen, Peter Gumaer, 
 John Van Vliet, Jr., Samuel Swartwout, Bernardus 
 
704 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Swartwout, Jr., and Jacob Cuddeback. If the settle- 
 ment by Cuddeback and Gumaer commenced in 1690, 
 this record sliows a very small increase in the number 
 of freeholders in thirty-eight years. 
 
 ASSESSMENT-ROLL of 1775. 
 
 As showing the names of families residing in the 
 " lower neighborhood" at the opening of the Rev- 
 olution, we are fortunately able to give the fol- 
 lowing assessment-roll for district No. S in the old 
 precinct of Goshen. The general records of Goshen 
 having been destroyed (in some respects an irre- 
 trievable loss), this roll is the best authority extant. 
 
 District No. 3 evidently consisted of the triangle 
 bounded north by the " old county line," easterly 
 by the Shawangunk Mountains, and southwesterly by 
 the Delaware River, — in other words, the southern 
 portion of Deerpark, comprising the present territory 
 of Port Jervis and its vicinity. An assessment-roll 
 is better or more complete authority than many other 
 lists of names. Taxes are not supposed to omit any 
 property-holder, and an examination of this assess- 
 ment shows that men without families or homesteads 
 must have been assessed, for in one instance the 
 appraisal is less than two shillings, and others are 
 named at very small amounts. The assessor was 
 Abraham "Van Auken, an old and well-known name 
 in this section. 
 
 Ditiricl No. 3, — Abrabam Van Ai'KEN, Assessor. 
 Eetimate 
 
 of 
 Property. 
 
 £ ». d. 
 
 NeUemiah Patterson 8 16 
 
 Joseph Randall 1 18 6 
 
 James Davis 10 5 
 
 Johannes Deckfir 17 8 7 
 
 John Wood 15 3 
 
 Peter Cole 1 12 7 
 
 Wilhelmus Cole 5 7 
 
 Peter Cuykendall 9 4 6 
 
 Marlines Decker, Sr 6 17 16 
 
 Solomon Cuykendall 4 8 
 
 George Nanny 16 
 
 ^Simon Westfall 8 
 
 Martines Decker, Jr 
 
 Daniel Cole 
 
 Isaac Van Tuyl 1 
 
 Philip Swartwood.. 
 
 P. Gominorrah (Gumaer} 10 
 
 :i 6 
 7 3 
 4 3 
 1 
 6 
 6 
 
 Jacob Schoonover .^1 12 11 
 
 Tunis Sluter OUT 
 
 Isaac Middagh 1 I.t 8 
 
 Abraham Van Auken 11 6 
 
 Daniel Van Auken 5 12 5 
 
 Aldert Osterh.mt 3 6 
 
 Christian Middagh 2 
 
 George Quick 
 
 James Van Vleet 
 
 Anthony Van Etten, £sq. 
 
 Joliannes Decker, Jr 
 
 Capt. John Westbrook..r? 
 Abraham C- Van Auken. 
 
 Moses Cortright 
 
 Peters Decker 
 
 Allen McDonald 
 
 Samuel Davis 
 
 Abraham Middagh 
 
 Daniel St. John 
 
 Jacob Cuykendall 
 
 Ephraim Middagh 
 
 William Ci"ane 
 
 Ilezekiah Rosecrans 
 
 Daniel Cortright 
 
 Benjamin Couser 
 
 John Van Tuyl 
 
 John Wells 
 
 James Carpenter 
 
 Joseph Manning 
 
 John Van Tuyl, Jr 
 
 John Westblook....^, 
 
 Estimate 
 
 of 
 Property. 
 £ 9. d. 
 19 
 7 9 5 
 14 13 1 
 10 18 
 ■ 6 17 6 
 5 11 7 
 7 5 
 14 
 
 9 
 2 11 
 2 11 
 4 9 
 2 8 
 
 2 3 
 
 1 12 
 4 
 4 
 
 1 16 
 4 II 11 
 
 12 4 
 
 3 8 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 17 10 
 
 2 19 
 
 " The above is a list of my assessment of all the inhabitants in my 
 said district. 
 
 *' Given under my hand, September, 1775. 
 
 " Abraham C. Van Auken, Assessor." 
 
 The names attached to the Revolutionary Articles 
 of Association for the Minisink region must be pre- 
 sumed to apply to the same territory as the assess- 
 ment-roll, — south of the old county line in Deerpark, 
 — and at the same date. (See list in General His- 
 tory.) 
 
 The list for Mamakating, given in the General His- 
 tory, shows the names of those living north of the old 
 county line, and includes a part of what is now Sullivan 
 
 County. We add brief notes upon the location of 
 a few of the early settlers mentioned in the above 
 papers, and upon various names and places. 
 
 Penhau.sex'.s Landt, or Penhauses's Land. — 
 This was the name of an Indian chief who in former 
 times resided near the present residence of Levi Van 
 Etten, Esq., on the rich bottom-lands in that neigh- 
 borhood. In old times, when speaking of a good 
 piece of laud, it was common to compare it with Pen- 
 hausen's Land. 
 
 Seneyaughqtjax was an Indian nameof the place 
 where Maj. Swartwout in his time resided, — the res- 
 idence in later years of Col. Peter Swartwout. 
 
 SoKAPACK. — This is also an Indian name of a 
 place in this town, which is understood to be signifi- 
 cant of a spring of water. 
 
 Lower NEitiUBORHOOD. — In respect to the first 
 settlers of the " lower neighborhood," it may be said 
 generally that they were contemporary with the chil- 
 dren of the first .settlers at Peenpack, and three of 
 them had married daughters of those first settlers. 
 The children of Peter Gumaer, the great-grandfather 
 of Peter E. Gumaer, were six in number, and born 
 between the years 1693 and 1708 ; from which it ap- 
 pears the lower neighborhood must have been settled 
 between the years 1710 and 1725. 
 
 DeWitt Family.— The DeWitt family of Deer- 
 park were descendants of Tjerck Claessen DeWitt, 
 who was born in Grootholt, in Sunderlant, Holland, 
 and who after his immigration settled at Wiltwyck, 
 now Kingston, in 1672. His children were: 1, An- 
 dries ; 2, Tjerck ; 3, Jan ; 4, Jacob : 5, Lucas ; 6, Peek ; 
 7, Tjaatje; 8, Janetje ; 9, Gertrung ; 10, Rachel ; 11, 
 •~*Iarietje ; 12, Anglie. Egbert, son of Andries (1), 
 and grandson of Tjerck (1), had nine sons and one 
 daughter, viz.: 1, Dr. Andries, who lived and died at 
 New Paltz ; 2, Jacob Rutzen, who settled in the 
 Peenpack neighborhood, and whose daughter Rachel 
 married Robert Burnet, of New Windsor ; 3, William ; 
 4, John ; 5, Stephen; 6, Mary (Polly), who married 
 Capt. (afterwards Gen.) James Clinton, of New 
 Windsor, and became the mother of DeWitt Clinton ; 
 7, Egbert ; 8, Thomas ; 9, Benjamin ; 10, Reuben. 
 Simon DeWitt, for many years surveyor-general of 
 the State, was the son of Dr. Andries of New Paltz. 
 
 Jacob R. De Witt's oldest son was Moses DeWitt; 
 in person large and well favored, very social and agree- 
 able in his manner and conversation. The Indians 
 esteemed him highly, and when he died deeply la- 
 mented his death. This speaks a thousand facts in 
 his favor, for one man like this in a new settlement, 
 surrounded by Indians liable to be excited and pro- 
 voked to revenge and murder by the least and unin- 
 tended injury, was like a garment to the settlement 
 which covered up a multitude of their offenses against 
 them. This young man obtained his education from 
 an individual by the name of Thomtis White, an Eng- 
 lishman, who came to the neighborhood about the be- 
 ginning of the war. A mutual attachment grew up 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 705 
 
 between him and the people, and during the period 
 of hostilities he took shelter, with his wife, in Fort 
 Gumaer to abide the result. As the condition of things 
 in the settlement and state of the country justified it, 
 he kept school in a small house built for the purpose 
 near the fort. What DeWitt failed to learn here 
 he afterwards accomplished in the family of Gen. 
 Clinton. 
 
 Peter E. Gumaer, Esq., in the winter of 1787 studied 
 surveying with Mr. DeWitt, who during the pre- 
 vious summer had been out on the line then being 
 run to divide the States of New York and Pennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Of the early settlers the following statement with 
 respect to their location is upon the authority of the 
 " Gumaer manuscript,"* written by Peter E. Gumaer, 
 father of Peter L. Gumaer. Peter Gumaer located at 
 the southwest end of the hill, on the well-known Peter 
 E. Gumaer farm, near Cuddebackville. 
 
 Jan Tyse located between that and the Spring 
 Brook. It may be proper to remark, however, that 
 it is not probable that he ever occupied this place. It 
 is supposed that his claim was very early sold to 
 others. 
 
 Barnardus Swartwout settled on the east side of 
 the hill, a few rods west of this spring, and the cavity 
 of the cellar was visible in late years. 
 
 Jacob Cuddeback's homestead was a few rods north- 
 east of the northeast end of the hill, on the low ground, 
 and the site of his dwelling could be determined by 
 the cavity of the old cellar within a few years, if not 
 at the present time. 
 
 Anthony Swartwout located a few rods northeast of 
 Cuddeback's, " where the house formerly of Cornelius 
 Van Inwegen stood." 
 
 * *' The Gumaer Dianuscript" was written evidently at various periods 
 of his life, bruuglit down, however, to about the year 1861. It consists of 
 aljout three hundred pages of foolscap. It is verj- largely a history of fami- 
 lies, and families whose names are frequent in all this section to-day. One 
 might suppose they would promptly subscribe any necessary amount to 
 secure its publication. Mr. Gumaer was a teacher, a surveyor, a farmer, 
 and an author. He published a small work upon astronomy. He sur- 
 veyed and mapped at one time or another nearly all of the lands in the 
 town, and did most of the legal writing for many years. It is said that 
 no legal paper written by him was ever broken in a court of law. 
 
 No man was more competent tlian he to Judge of early traditions, so 
 far as the evidence was before him. He was familiar with both the 
 Dutch and English languages, and it is said that in his youth he under- 
 stood the sermon so well that on returning from church he could some- 
 times scarcely remember which language the preacher had used. 
 
 He had four sous, — Peter L,, Ezekiel, .\ndrew Jackson, and Jacob. A 
 current baptismal story is worth repeating. He had preferred to name 
 the third son, above mentioned, Henry Clay, but his wife desired a solid 
 Democratic name. It is not supposed there w as any very serious dispute : 
 she consented to his view. At the altar, when the minister asked for the 
 name, he hesitated a moment, in his usual habit of speaking with care- 
 ful deliberation, when his wife opportunely said " Andrew Jackson," 
 and the minister (joining in tliis Democratic conspiracy) quickly bapti7.ed 
 with that name. 
 
 Mr. Gumaer, in his manuscriiit, speaking of the Cuddeback settle- 
 ment, uses this language ; " In the year 1690, as near as can now be deter- 
 mined," etc. .\g<ain, " After these early settlers had resided here a few 
 years they sent Jacob Cuddeback, one of their number, to the Governor 
 of the New York colony to ask for a patent, which was granted Oct. 14, 
 1797." 
 
 David Jameson's place was also somewhere near 
 the others, in the same group, though it must also be 
 said of him tliat it is uncertain whether he actually 
 settled; neither his name nor that of Tyse appear in 
 subsequent annals. 
 
 Jacob Cuddeback was a French Huguenot. His 
 name was originally spelled Caudeback, and there is 
 a city of that name in France from which he came. 
 It was a place of 90t)0 inhabitants in 1685. His wife 
 was Margaret Provost, whom he married at Esopus 
 or elsewhere along the Hudson. The pioneer lived to 
 be nearly one hundred years old. His children were : 
 
 1, Benjamin, who never married. He lived to be 
 eighty years of age, spending his life in this town. 
 
 2, William, who married Jemima Elting and settled 
 on the old homestead. A majority of the Cuddeback 
 families of the present time in this vicinity are his 
 descendants. His children were James, Abrara, Ben- 
 jamin, Roolif, Sarah. 3, James, who married Neelje 
 Decker. He lived near Deckertown, N. J. He died 
 at the age of thirty, but left children, whose descend- 
 ants are quite numerous in Niagara Co., N. Y. 4, 
 Abraham, who lived to be about eighty. His wife 
 was Esther Swartwout. He spent most of his life in 
 this town, but in old age moved to Skaneateles, where 
 his children had previously settled. 5, Dinah, who 
 married Abraham Lovis, of Rochester, and settled in 
 New Jersey. 6, Eleanor, who married Evert Horn- 
 beck, of Rochester, and lived where Mrs. Joseph Cud- 
 deback now resides. 7, Elsie, who married Har- 
 manus Van Gordon, and lived at the Flat Rocks, in 
 New Jersey. 8, Morice, who married George West- 
 fall, and lived in New Jersey. 9, Naomi, who married 
 Lodewyck Hornbeck, of Rochester. 
 
 Peter Gumaer, the pioneer, married Esther Has- 
 brouck, of Kingston. His children were Hannah, 
 who married James Swartwout ; Esther, who married 
 Samuel Swartwout; another who married a DuBois, 
 and there was a fourth daughter, Rachel. He had 
 only one son, Peter, who married Charity DeWitt, and 
 left two sons, — Peter and Ezekiel. Peter E. Gumaer, 
 the author of the manuscript history alluded to, was 
 a son of Ezekiel. 
 
 Harmanus Van Inwegen, whose location does not 
 seem to be definitely known by his descendants, mar- 
 ried a Swartwout. There was at least one son, Ger- 
 ardus Van Inwegen, and one daughter, Hannah, 
 who married Thomas Decker. 
 
 It is understood that the Swartwout pioneers were 
 three brothers, — Anthony, Barnardus, and Samuel. 
 The children of Anthony were Samuel, who married 
 Esther Gumaer; James, who married Anna Gumaer; 
 and Anna, who married John Van Vleet. 
 
 These early settlers located on and around the hill 
 as described above, for mutual protection and defense, 
 and because of the valuable spring of water near. 
 
 Soon after the settlement of the seven, or more 
 properly the five, the patent passed into the po.sse.ssion 
 of three, — Anthony Swartwout, Peter Gumaer, Jacob 
 
706 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Cuddeback. Their more permanent homesteads after 
 that were as follows : 
 
 Swartwout built near the Spring Brook, where 
 Peter P. Swartwout now resides. Gumaer built where 
 the old stone house now stands, on the (rodfroy prop- 
 erty ; Cuddeback where an old stone house now stands 
 on the main road south of Port Clinton. 
 
 Simon Westfall lived in the old stone house, now 
 the Hazen property, at Carpenter's Point. His chil- 
 dren were Wilhelmus, John D., Reuben, Simon. 
 Most of the families of that name in this vicinity are 
 understood to be descendants of the last named. 
 
 The limits of this work prevent giving these family 
 notes beyond this small group of actual pioneers. In 
 the several papers given in this chapter — the assess- 
 ment-rolls, and other documents — nearly every settler 
 preceding the Revolution is included. 
 
 The amount of the tax in one of the two districts 
 of Mamakating precinct for 1792 wa.s fifteen pounds 
 and sixpence, equal to $37.56. Peter E. Gumaer, the 
 collector, traveled on foot over his district, comprising 
 an immense territory now in Deerpark, Mount Hope, 
 Mamakating, Forestburgh, Highland, Lumberland, 
 and Cochecton. 
 
 FAMILIES IN SOUTHERN DEERPARK, 1810 TO 1815. 
 
 From the Minisink record of school districts we 
 find district No. 20 as it was formed in 181.3. It in- 
 cluded the families of James Sawyer, Benjamin Car- 
 penter, Reuben Westfall, John Corwin, Isaac Van 
 Strander, Samuel Lambert, James Van Fleet, Jr., 
 Nathan Van Auken, Jeremiah Van Auken, Joshua 
 Van Auken, Daniel Van Auken, James Van Fleet, 
 Levi Van Etten, Levi Van Etten, Jr., Jacob W. Van 
 Etten, Henry Van Etten, Jacob Westbrook, Jr., 
 Widow Sarah Decker. This was in the southern part 
 of the present town of Deerpark, as that remained a 
 portion of Minisink until 1825. 
 
 District 22, " added to Deerpark," included the fol- 
 lowing families, viz. : those of Joel Whitlock, Peter 
 Swartwout, Widow Esther Hombert, Martin Car- 
 penter, John Van Fleet, Solomon Decker. These 
 families must have been just south of the old county 
 line to be added to a district in Deerpark, as Deer- 
 park then only extended south to that line. 
 
 School district No. 21 of Minisink, as organized in 
 1813, included the following families, viz.: those of 
 Cornelius W. Cole, Wilhelmus Cole, Josias Cole, 
 Thomas Chattle, Hezekiah Fredenburgh, Elias Coy- 
 keadall, Daniel Roberts, Richard Decker, Samuel 
 Caskey, Martin Caskey, William Little, Simon West- 
 fall, Benjamin Westfall, Benjamin Van Inwegen, 
 Lewis Lambert, William Lambert, John Caskey, Rob- 
 ert Caskey, John Wood, Samuel Caskey, Jr., Joseph 
 Patterson, Martin Decker, John Skinner, Roman El- 
 mendorph, George Quick, Peter Howey, Benjamin 
 Cuddeback, Isaac Decker, Nathan Van Auken, Jr. 
 The above was evidently the school district at the 
 present place of Port Jervis and vicinity. 
 
 EARLY PHYSICIANS. 
 
 The first physician here of which any trace can be 
 found was Dr. Chattle, who lived about half a mile 
 north of Carpenter's Point ; practiced here many 
 years ; died here ; must have been here soon after 
 1800. After his death there was no physician in the 
 valley until the time of the building of the canal. 
 Drs. Van Dusen and Hornbeck, from Montague, N. J., 
 Dr. Newkirk, of Mount Hope, Dr. Loomis, of Otis- 
 ville, all practiced through the valley. Dr. Charles 
 Hardenberg came here about 1826. For a long time he 
 was the only physician here; occasionally one would 
 come, but their stay was short generally. Among 
 these were Dr. Hart, a young man, who practiced 
 with Dr. Hardenberg a few months. Dr. Rafferty, 
 a school-teacher, also practiced some in the neighbor- 
 hood. Dr. Ira Dales came here in 1848, remained 
 about five years, when he removed to Joliet, 111. Dr. 
 C. M. Lawrence (homa>opath) came here in 1850; 
 is still practicing here. Dr. Thomas Walsh came 
 here in 1851 ; is still practicing here. Dr. Dufrene, 
 a Frenchman, well educated, came here in 1851, and 
 died here. After these came Dr. Jerow and Dr. 
 David Robertson. In 1854, Dr. Benjamin W. Car- 
 penter located here ; practiced till he died in 1863. 
 Dr. Sol. Van Etten located here in 1855 ; still here. 
 Dr. H. Hardenberg in 1860; still here. Dr. D. W. 
 Cooper in 1863 ; remained till about 1870. Dr. Marsh 
 came here in 1863; died in 1867. Dr. I. S. Hunt 
 came in 1865; died in 1875. Dr. Lamb came here in 
 1866 ; remained about one year. Dr. M. E. Jones 
 came here in 1867 ; remained a few years. 
 
 There is now a medical society here. Physicians 
 from surrounding places meet with the resident phy- 
 sicians on the second Wednesday of January, April, 
 July, and October of each year for discussion of med- 
 ical subjects and to promote the best interests of the 
 profession. Officers at present are: President, Dr. J. 
 L. Whittaker, of Unionville, N. J. ; Vice-President, 
 Dr. T. D. AVills, of Port Jervis ; Treasurer, Dr. H. 
 Hardenberg, of Port Jervis ; Secretary, Dr. W. S. 
 Cuddeback, of Port Jervis. 
 
 IV.-ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The earliest civil relation of the territory of the 
 present town of Deerpark is intimated, but not very 
 clearly defined, in an act of the Legislature, passed 
 Oct. 18, 1701, in which it was provided that the people 
 " of Wagachemeck and Great and Little Minisink" 
 were emiwwered to give their votes in the county of 
 Ulster. This would imply that they were beyond the 
 border of Ulster County, for if they had been within 
 no enabling act would have been necessary. This 
 " Wagachemeck" was the territory now known as 
 Cuddeback ville and vicinity, but with just what 
 limits is not stated in the old documents. 
 
 The act of Nov. 12, 1709, fixed more closely the 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 707 
 
 boundaries of the counties, and definitely declared 
 Wagachemeck a part of Ulster County. The "old 
 county line" extended beyond the Shawangunk 
 Mountains, crossed Deerpark, just south of Hugue- 
 not, and intersected the Delaware at Sparrowbusb. 
 This would appear to have bounded the old district 
 of Wagachemeck on the south. 
 
 Not far from the same time there was by order of 
 court, it is supposed, a more formal organization of 
 this same territory under a difl'erent name, — Magh- 
 aghkemek. Under this name and organization the 
 territory remained until 1743, when the precinct of 
 Maniakiiting was erected, which became the successor 
 of Machackemeck. 
 
 The precinct of Mamakating continued until 1798, 
 when the town of Deerpark was erected. To recapit- 
 ulate, we have three preceding organizations : 1st. [ 
 The indefinite district of Wagachemeck alluded to in' 
 the statute of 1701. 2d. The more formally organ- 
 ized precinct of Machackemeck of 17O9-10. 3d. 
 The precinct of Mamakating, organized in 1743. At 
 the formation of this, the first precinct-meeting was 
 directed to be held at tlie house of Samuel Swartwout. 
 Its territory was declared to consist of " all the land 
 to the southward of the town of Rochester as far as 
 the county of Ulster extends, and to the westward of 
 the precincts of Wallkill and Shawangunk." 
 
 Some doubt has arisen over the term " precinct of 
 Minisink," as it has been thought to cover, in part at 
 least, the same territory as the precinct organizations 
 just mentioned. The name Minisink was applied in 
 the early documents to the settlements of Maghagh- 
 emek and to those of Big and Little Minisink ;* 
 but there are clear evidences that besides the indefi- 
 nite region, Minisink, there was also a "precinct Min- 
 isink," with collectors, assessors, and other officers. 
 This is rendered certain by a document recently dis- 
 covered among the papers of Benjamin 'Van Vleet, 
 being a warrant for the collection of a tax in the pre- 
 cinct of Minisink. In 1737 an act of Assembly was 
 passed authorizing the erection of a " court-house and 
 goal at Goshen," and the warrant quoted was for the 
 portion levied on the Minisink people. The follow- 
 ing is a verbatim copv of the warrant : 
 
 " Orange county as. 
 
 Pursuant to an Act of the General Assembly of this Collony of New 
 York entitled an Act to Enable the Justices of the Peace iu that part of 
 Orange County lying to the Northward of the Highlands to build a 
 Court House 4 Goal forthe Said Couuty at Goshan. 
 
 " Wee the Justices of the peace for that part of Orange County Lying 
 to the Northwards of the Highlands: Require and Command you the 
 Assessors for the precinck of Minisinck on Receipt of this our Warrent 
 You assess np<.ni the Estates Real and personall of all and Every the In- 
 habitants Resedenta Sojourners and Freeholders of your presinck the 
 sum of Twenty Nine pounds being your proportiou of the money to he 
 Raised for Building the said Court House & Goale att Goshan ; and the 
 said assessment so made by you and Signed under your Hands you are to 
 Deliver unto the Collector of your precinck annexed unto this Warrent 
 on or before the first Day of May next Ensuing which Said Collector is 
 
 * The settlement of Great Minisink was near the Great Minisink Is- 
 land, twelve miles below Carpenter's Point, anii little Minisink near 
 the Little Island between Carpenter's Point and the Great Island. 
 
 hereby authorised and Commanded to Receive A Collect and Levy the 
 same and in Case any person or persons shall Deny Refuse or Neglect to 
 pay their Tax so assessed as aforesaid : you are to Distrain him her or 
 them by his her or their goods & chatties and the Distress to keep at the 
 chargeof the Owner or Owners for the space of fou re Days and not being 
 Redeemed in that time you are to make sale thereof at publick Vandue 
 to the Highist bider & out of the produce of such Sail you are to Deduct 
 the said Tax & charges of sail and Return the overplush (if any be) 
 Eniediately to the owner or owners: which moneys so by you Levyed & 
 Collected as aforesaid you are to pay to John Holly Esqr or to such per- 
 son as shall be appointed by the majority of the Justices Liveing to the 
 Northward of the Highlands in Orange County on or before the first 
 Day of June now next Ensuingfirst Retaining in Your Hands nine pence 
 in the pound for your troble of Collecting and paying the same for Y'our 
 Doing whereof this shall be to you and Each of you a sutficient warrent 
 Given under our hands & seals att Goshan in the County of Orange this 
 fourteenth day of April in the Twelfth year of the Reign of our Sover- 
 eign Lord King George the Second &c : Anno Doni 1739. 
 "To the assessors Jc collectors of the presinck of Minisinck. 
 
 " Vin't Mathews 
 "John IIoixv 
 "John Carpenter 
 " Sam a. Jayn 
 " Ja. Swartwoudt. 
 " Antom X Westbboek 
 " W'lLLEM Provost" 
 Six seals; tigure, deer head, in sealing wax, 
 
 (Jn the back of the warrant is the following return: 
 
 "Received of John Decker Collector of Minnicinck the full contents 
 of this within tax warrant I say Reed pr. me Collector fees first being 
 deducted that is ninepence pr. £. " John Holly, Com. 
 
 "June ye 30, 1739." 
 
 The question arises, then. Where was the precinct 
 of Minisink'? The date is very early— 1739. The 
 precinct organizations of Wagachameck, 1701, Mach- 
 ackameck, 1709, and Mamakating, 1743, extended 
 south to the old county line ; but none of them 
 south of that line. The precinct of Goshen had for 
 its north boundary the same "old county line," ex- 
 tending from Plum Point, on the Hudson, to what 
 is now Sparrowbush, on the Delaware. We know 
 from the assessment-roll of 1775 that the triangular 
 j portions of the present town of Deerpark, south of 
 I the old county line, was in Goshen Precinct. Now 
 the claim of New York extended south to the lower 
 end of Great Minisink Island. The limits of Goshen 
 Precinct were not stretched southward to include 
 this disputed territory, but there was erected the 
 Minisink Precinct along the Delaware, be/ow what 
 was afterwards known as Carpenter's Point. The 
 signatures to the warrant given above do not prove 
 that " Minisink Precinct" included any part of the 
 present territory of Deerpark. The signatures are 
 simply those of the county officials directing the 
 collecting of the tax in the precinct of Minisink. t 
 
 The town of Deerpark was organized in 1798. The 
 three early organizations given above were north of the 
 old county line, at least nominally. The territory now 
 
 t Perhaps this conclusion must not be considered settled without fur- 
 ther investigation. When the statute of 17111 enumerates " Mackhacka- 
 meck" Great and Little Minisink, it seems i\t the Bret view to have left 
 out the " lower neighborhood" between Huguenot and Carpenter's Point, 
 but the term Mackhackameck then applied to all the settlement in the 
 valley above Carpenter's Point. When a few years later the old county 
 line was run, and its location definitely known, Mjickhackameck was 
 limited by that line on the south, and the Goshen Precinct covereil the 
 territory south of that line to Carpenter's Point. 
 
708 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 in Deerpark, south of the old county line, comprising 
 Port Jervis and its vicinity, was a part of the town of 
 Minisink from 1789 to 1825, and much interesting 
 material relating to this section may be found in the 
 chapter upon that town. 
 
 It is not known that any records of the early pre- 
 cincts remain. At least none such have come down 
 to the clerk's office of the present town of Deerpark. 
 From other sources we have the following : 
 
 At the town-meeting of Mamakating Precinct for 
 April 5, 1774, the following officers were chosen : 
 . Supervisor, Benjamin Dupuy ; Clerk, Thomas Kyte ; 
 Constable and Collector, Jacob Stanton ; Assessors, 
 Harmanus Van Inwegen, Abraham Cuddeback, Jr. 
 Overseers of the Highways : First District, Benjamin 
 Cuddeback ; Second District, Dick V. K. Westbrook ; 
 Third District, Jacob Devins ; Fourth District, Robert 
 Cook; Fifth District, Ezekiel Travis; Sixth District, 
 Abraham Smedis. Overseers of the Poor, Philip 
 Swartwout, Robert Cook ; Fence-keepers, Benja- 
 min Depuy, Jacob Stanton ; Stallion-viewers, Vail 
 Wheeler, Abraham Cuddeback ; Pound-keepers, Vail 
 Wheeler, Benjamin Depuy. 
 
 Philip Swartwout was supervisor in 1776 ; Benja- 
 min Depuy in 1778 and 1782 ; Jacob R. DeWitt in 
 1873 ; Benjamin Depuy again in 1784 and 1787 ; Peter 
 Cuddeback, 1788. 
 
 The town of Deerpark having been erected in 1798, 
 we have the following record of the first town-meet- 
 ing: 
 
 "Record of the proceedings of the freeholders in the town of Deerpark 
 at the tirst town-meeting held in said town, at the lioiise of Elislia Reeve, 
 Esq., on the 3d day of April, 1708. 
 
 *' List of town officers : William Denn, town clerk ; James Finch, Jr., 
 
 supervisor; Seybolt, Rose, Joseph Smith, assessors; Peler 
 
 Gumaer, Jr., collector ; Benjamin Dupny, Etisha Reeve, overseers of the 
 
 poor ; Reeve, James Finch, Sr., Wm. Cuddeback, Sr., commissioners 
 
 of highways ; Win. Young, Jr., Ahratiam Van Inwegen, constables; 
 David R. Arnell, Abel Woodhnll, James Finch, Jr., William Rose, com- 
 missioners of schools. 
 
 'Overseers of Uighways 
 
 No. 
 
 1. James Finch, Sr. 
 
 2. James Ketchum. 
 
 3. Wm. Mulock. 
 
 4. Samuel Satterly. 
 
 5. Wm. Young, Sr. 
 
 6. James Finch, .Jr. 
 
 9. Alexander . ■ 
 
 10. David Norris. 
 
 No. 
 
 11. John Ward. 
 
 12. Reuben Baker. 
 
 13. Joseph Smith. 
 
 14. Elias Gumaer. 
 
 15. Benjamin Depuy. 
 
 16. Richard . 
 
 17. Samuel Farnnm. 
 
 18. Abner Sheldon. 
 
 19. Samuel ." 
 
 GENERAL NOTES FROM THE RECORDS.* 
 Road districts of 1799 as determined by the com- 
 missioners March 12th : 
 
 No. 1. — Beginning at Thomas Hulse's, and running 
 from thence to the crotch of the road on the top of 
 the mountain to the old Orange County line, and 
 from James Finch's barn to said county line near 
 Wells' [Plantation], and from Rufus Stanton's to the 
 Shawangunk Kill bridge. James Finch, road-master. 
 
 * A few illegible and doubtful words are inclosed in brackets. 
 
 No. 2. — From the east side of Shawangunk Kill 
 bridge, at Ketchum's mill, to Thomas Hulse's. Wil- 
 liam Davis, road-master. 
 
 No. 3. — Beginning at the main road near William 
 Davis', and from thence to Samuel Watkins'. Wil- 
 liam McDowell, road-master. 
 
 No. 4. — Beginning at the forks of the road near 
 James Ketchum's, and running from thence by Wil- 
 liam Penny's to Elisha Comstock's, and from the 
 crotch of the road by the old school-house near where 
 Oliver Owen formerly lived, [and from] William Mu- 
 lock's to the mountain road near Capt. [Farnum's]. 
 William Penny, road-master. 
 
 No. .5. — From David Corwin's bridge to the brook 
 on the east side of the mountain running into Skin- 
 ner's meadow. William Young, road-master. 
 
 No. 6. — Beginning against Andrew Davis' old house 
 on the mountain road, and running from thence to 
 James Finch's [bridge], and from the crotch of the 
 road near Jasper Writer's to the main road near 
 Thomas Hulse's. Enos Brown, road-master. 
 
 No. 7. — Beginning at John Seybolt's, and run- 
 ning from thence along the mountain road against 
 Andrew Davis' old house. Jacob Wiggens, road- 
 master. 
 
 No. 8. — Beginning at the crotch of the road near 
 Abner Skinner's, and running from thence to the top 
 of the hill. Noah_Tuthill, road-master. 
 
 No. 9. — From the east side of the Shawangunk 
 Kill bridge, [near] Elijah Reeve's, to the east side of 
 the bridge near Hanchet's. Alexander Car, road- 
 master. 
 
 No. 10. — From the crotch of the road near William 
 [Gillet's], along the mountain road to the [ ] said 
 road near Ezekiel Newman's, and from Elijah 
 [Reeve's] to Silas Gildersleeve's. Eli Roberts, road- 
 master. 
 
 No. 11.— ^From the county line near John King's to 
 Elijah [Reeve's]. Charles Gillet, road-master. 
 
 No. 12. — From the county line a small distance 
 north of [ ] Wood's to Timothy Oakley's, and 
 from thence to the cross road near Elijah Reeve's 
 mill. Timothy Oakley, road-master. 
 
 No. 13. — Beginning at the old county line near 
 Giles', and running north to Capt. William Rose's; 
 from thence over [ ] by Jonathan Stanton's to the 
 ea.st side of the [mountains], to the brook running 
 into Skinner's meadow. Benjamin Gumaer, road- 
 master. 
 
 No. 14. — Beginning at the county line near .Abra- 
 ham [ ] ; running from thence south to the 
 crotch of the road [ ] the mountain. Jacob 
 Van Etten, road-master. 
 
 No. 15. — Beginning at the county line near Joseph 
 Tice's ; from thence to the Esopus road near Capt. 
 William [ ]. Jonathan Campbell, road-master. 
 
 No. 16. — From the Deerpark road across the moun- 
 tain to the [ ] at Westbrook's, and thence to 
 the countv line. Silas Clark, road-master. 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 ro9 
 
 'So. 17. — From Mongaup bridge to the Five-mile 
 Tree. Joliu Wood, roiid-msister. 
 
 No. 18. — From the east side of Sticliney's bridge 
 [ ] line north of Jacob Newkirk's; [ ]. 
 
 Abraham Stickney, road-master. 
 
 No. 19. — (Description not given). Cornelius Swart- 
 wout, road-master.* 
 
 The first election returns are the following : 
 
 " We, the subscribers, inspectors of election fur tlie town of Deerparl;, 
 iu the county of Orange, and State of Xe\%' York, for tlie year 1799, do 
 hereby certify that the following statement is the result of the canvass 
 and estimate of the ballots taken at an election held in this town on the 
 30th day of April, 1st and 2d days of May, in said year, for Senators to 
 represent the middle district of said State. Dated 2d day of May, 1799. 
 "John Hatliorn, 52 votes; .John Suffern, 51 votes; Isaac Bloom, o2 
 votes. 
 
 "James Finch, Jr., 
 
 "William Denx, 
 
 " William Young, 
 
 "Joseph Tutbill, 
 
 " Elias Gumaee, Inspectors." 
 
 ■ SLAVES. 
 
 As in other towns there are a few entries, required 
 by law, recording the birth of slaves, — somewhat of 
 an interesting fact to the youth of the present gener- 
 ation who may scarcely have read that New York 
 was once a slaveholding State. 
 
 We give several of the earliest : 
 
 "This may certify that Flora, daughter of Elizabeth, servant of the 
 subscriber, was born Slst of July, 1800. 
 
 " Haemanus Van Inwegen, Kirmer. 
 " Deeepark, 7th April, 1800." 
 
 "This may certify that Harry, son of Jin, servant of the subscriber, 
 was l-orn the fifth day of November, in the year 180O. 
 
 "Ezekiel Gdsiaer, Former. 
 " Deerpabk, April 7, 1801." 
 
 " This may certify that Simon, son of Suffi, servant of the subscriber, 
 was born the twenty-third day of July, in the year 1800. 
 
 " Benjamin Depuy, Fai-nier. 
 " Deerpark, April 7, 1801." 
 
 " This may certify that Cate, daughter of Jin, slave of the subscriber, 
 was born the titli day of July, in the year 1802. 
 
 "James Ketciujm, Kirmer. 
 " Deerpark, March 30, 1803." 
 
 To manumit a slave required the certificate of the 
 overseers of the poor. 
 
 Under date of Jan. 22, 1803, Jacobus Swartwout 
 and David Corwin, overseers of the poor, certify that 
 " Susanna, a negro woman slave of Mary Rose, widow 
 of the late Capt. William Rose, appears to be under 
 the age of fifty years, and of sufficient ability to pro- 
 vide for herself" 
 
 The latest birth of a slave child recorded seems to 
 be the following : 
 
 " Josiah Van Inwegen, of the town of Deerpark, in th^ County of 
 Orange, being duly sworn, deposeth and saith, that to the best of his 
 knowledge and belief, Sam the son of Mary, slave to the said Josiah Van 
 Inwegen, was Itora the 29th day of July, in the year 1817. 
 
 " Josiah Van Inwegen. 
 
 "Subscribed & sworn the 24th day of August, 1819." 
 
 ASSESSMENT-ROLL OF 1825. 
 
 This is the earliest now preserved in the town 
 clerk's office, and was made by Benjamin Cuddeback, 
 Philip Swartwout, and William Cuddeback, assessors. 
 This is the first roll made after the division of the 
 towns, and the erection of Deerpark with its present 
 territory. Persons assessed for $2000 or over were 
 William Cuddeback, $5050 ; Henry Cuddeback, 
 $2323; Cornelius Cuddeback, .$4033; Jacob Cudde- 
 back, $3824; Benjamin Cuddeback, $2000; Cornelius 
 Cole, $2549 ; Isaac Decker, Jr., $2341 ; Peter Gumaer, 
 Jr., $3114; Peter E. Gumaer, $6330; Gerardus Gu- 
 maer, $3153; Francis Kelly, $2038; James D. 
 Swartwout, $3650; Stephen St. John, $2131; Ja- 
 cobus Swartwout, $3352; Levi Van Etten, $5859; 
 Margaret Van Fleet, $2243. The total assessed val- 
 uation was $114,820, and the tax levied upon that, 
 $227.63. 
 
 TOWN OFFICERS. 
 
 The princiijal town officers from 1798 to 1880 have 
 been as follows : 
 
 Supervisors. 
 
 798-99 James Finch, Jr. 
 
 800 " " 
 
 801 : " " 
 
 802 " 
 
 SO:i " " 
 
 804 " 
 
 80&-8 " " 
 
 809 " " 
 
 810-13 Peter E. Gumaer. 
 
 814-16 James Finch. Jr. 
 
 817 Abraham Cuddeback. 
 
 818-19 James Finch, Jr. 
 
 820 Abraham Cuddeback. 
 
 821 
 
 822 Stepben Farnum. 
 
 823 James Finch, Jr. 
 
 824 David G. Finch. 
 
 825-26 Peter E. Gumaer. 
 
 827-28 Philip Swartwout, 
 
 829 Benjamin Cuddeback. 
 
 830-31 Levi Van Etten, Jr. 
 
 832 Peter E. Gumaer. 
 
 833 Daniel Hilferty. 
 
 834 " 
 
 835-36 Lewis Cuddeback. 
 
 837 George Burns. 
 
 838 " 
 
 839-40 Levi Van Etten. 
 
 841-42 Lewis Van Inwegen. 
 
 S4:i-44 Wm. Cuddeback. 
 
 84.">-46 Charles Hardenbergh. 
 
 847-48 Abraham J. Cuddeback. 
 
 849 David Swartwout. 
 
 850 Nelson Birdsall. 
 
 851 Samuel Fowler. 
 
 852 Peter P. Swartwout. 
 
 ,853 Edward L. Norris. 
 
 854 James Bennett. 
 
 855 Eli Van Inwegen. 
 
 856 
 
 857 Peter Cuddeback. 
 
 858-69 John Van Etten. 
 
 860 Solomon Van Etten, Jr. 
 
 861 " " 
 
 862 Orville J. Brown. 
 
 863 Franklin R. Brodhead. 
 
 864 " " 
 
 865 " " 
 
 866-69 
 
 870 B. W. Palmer. 
 
 871 Peter P. Swartwout. 
 
 872-73 Charles St, John, Jr. 
 
 874 Wm. H, Nearpass, 
 
 875 " 
 
 876-78 " 
 
 879 Franklin R, Brodhe.ad. 
 
 880 Luke S. Kosencrance. 
 
 Town Clerks. 
 William Denn. 
 Sulnmiin Finch, 
 Eniicb Tnthill, 
 Peter K, Gumaer, 
 Solomon Finch. 
 Eli Koberts, 
 Peter E. Gumaer. 
 Stephen FarnuDi. 
 
 Charles Murray. 
 
 Stephen Farnum. 
 
 Jonathan Smith. 
 Ira Seybolt, 
 Isaac Gillet. 
 Joseph Conklin. 
 Benjamin Van Inwegen. 
 
 Peter E, Gumaer. 
 Benjamin Van Inwegen. 
 Charac A Van Inwegen. 
 John S. Van Inwegen. 
 
 Peter E. Cuddebeck. 
 
 John S. Van Inwegen. 
 Charac A. Van Inwegen. 
 
 Peter G, Van Inwegen. 
 John B. Crawford. 
 Peter G. Van Inwegen. 
 
 Wm. H. Bennet. 
 Francis W. Lockwood. 
 
 Andrew Conger. 
 Joseph H. Knowlton. 
 Dayton T. Cox. 
 George Brodhead. 
 
 Cliarles W. Douglass, 
 Edgar A. Wells. 
 Dayton T. Cox. 
 Francis E, Fossard. 
 George Clausen. 
 William E. Haggarty. 
 Jacob Dewitt. 
 Lewis L. Adams. 
 
 Charles Hardenbergh, Jr. 
 
 Cornelius E, Cuddeback. 
 
 * The road-masters' names attached above are for the year 1800, and 
 the districts as described must be north of the " old county line," as the 
 territory south of that belonged to Minisink until 1825, 
 
 The following are the justices of the peace who pre- 
 sided at town-meetings, with the dates at which their 
 names first appear in the records as so presiding: 
 
710 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 1812, Wm. Young, Jr.; 1813, James Finch, Jr.; 1824, Ricbarci Penny, 
 Isaac Otis ; 182.5, Joseph Chattle, Richarci I'enny (presided at the 
 organization of tlie town of Calhoun, afterwards Mount Hope), 
 Abraliam Cuddeljack, Thomas Van Etten; 1828, Abraham Cudde- 
 back, Benjamin Cuddeback, James D. Swartwout; 1829, Levi Van 
 Etten. 
 
 The justices of the peace elected at the annual town- 
 meetings were as follows : 
 
 1830, Solomon Van Etten; 1831 (no election of justice recorded); 183-^, 
 David Decker. .Abraham Cuddeback ; 1833, Cornelius Gray ; 1834, 
 Charles C. Boyd ; 1835, Jeremiah Gumaer; 1836, David Decker, Wni. 
 Cuddeback; 1837, Cornelius Gray: 1838, Abraham J. Cuddeback; 
 1839, William Cuddeback; 1840, David Decker; 1841, Cornelius 
 Gray, Charles C. Boyd ; 1842, Abraham J. Cuddeback ; 1843, James 
 H. Taylor, Abraham J. Cuddeback ;* 1844, Samuel W. Jackson ; 
 1845, Eli Van luwegen; 1846, Abraham J. Cuddeback ; 1847, Alex- 
 ander Gordon; 1848, John Caskey ; 1849, James Bennett; 18S(l, 
 Abrabam J. Cuddeback ; 1851, James Cuddeback, Jr.; 1852, Francis 
 Marvin; 1S53, John Caskey; 1854, Wilhelmus Westbrook ; 1855, 
 John M. Helter, Jobn J. Bross ; 1866, Wm. H. Newkirk; 1867, 
 Lucas F. Hougb, Henry H. Stewart; 1858, Peter P. Swartwout; 
 1859, Henry H. Stewart, James N. Penny; 18(i0, Wm. H. Newkirk; 
 1861, Jobn J. Bross; 18G2, James N. Penny; 1S63, Lucas F. Hough, 
 William Westfall; 1864, William Bankin ; 1865, Daniel C. Hazen ; 
 1866, James N. Penny ; 1867, George Clauson (also to fill vacancy); 
 1868, Benaiah Khodes; 1869, Joseph L. Potter; 1870, Henry Butcher; 
 1871, Daniel Holbrook; 1872, John Van Etten, Jr., Norman W. 
 Mulley (also to fill vacancy) ; 1873, Norman \V. Mulley, Moses L. 
 Cole; 1874, William E. McCormick; 1875, Dayton T. Cox; 1876 
 Moses L. Cole ; 1877, Daniel C. Hazen ; 1878, Daniel Holbrook, Wm. 
 Norris; 1879, Dayton T. Cox, Moses L. Cole ;+ 188i:i, Moses L. Cole. 
 
 BONDING OF THE TOWN OF DEERPARK. 
 This was efiected by papers recorded in the office of 
 the county clerk, and bearing date May 16, 1868. The 
 consent of the tax-i)ayers, as expressed in the instru- 
 ment, was verified by the affidavit of Aaron Decker 
 and others. The bonds were to be issued in aid of the 
 Monticello Branch Railroad, to extend from Port 
 Jervis to Monticello, in Sullivan County, through the 
 towns of Deerpark, Thompson, and Forestburgh. 
 The amount of bonds was to be $200,(K)(t. These 
 bonds were issued to run thirty years. 
 
 v.— VILLAGES. 
 PORT JERA'IS. 
 
 This village dates from 1826, when the Delaware 
 and Hudson Canal became a certainty. It is named 
 in honor of the engineer who superintended the con- 
 struction of the canal. As late as 1846, a writer said 
 of Port Jervis, "A small village on the canal, where 
 it first approaches the Delaware. It is just above 
 Carpenter's Point and the junction of the Neversink 
 and the Delaware." 
 
 He added, however, andther paragraph, in which 
 he said, — 
 
 "The small flourisiiitig village of Port Jervis through which this 
 canal passes had its origin at the commencement of the navigation 
 thereat, and owes its population to that work. There are now five stores 
 and groceries in this village; three taverns, in spacious buildings; one 
 three-story grist-mill, built by Dr. Ball, of Brooklyn, being a stone build- 
 
 • The latter must have failed to qualify, in 1842. 
 
 f He had failed to riualify under his election of 1876, and had served 
 by appointment. 
 
 ing, and has four run of stone in it ; three churches, — a Dutch Reformed, 
 a Baptist, and a Methodist church, and one large school-house. The dif- 
 ferent branches of mechanical country business are also carried on. A 
 considerable amount of lumber is brought in and Bold. Coal is deposited 
 and sold. A mail route from Kingston, in Ulster County, to Milford, in 
 Pennsylvania, and thence to the city of Philadelphia, passes through 
 this village and crosses the Delaware at about half a mile distant. The 
 Nevei-sink bridge place is about one mile southerly of Port Jervis; Hu- 
 guenot about four, and Cuddebackville about eight miles northeast. 
 These are small places, the two latter on the canal and mail route.'' 
 
 The " little village" of 1846, with its five stores, has 
 grown rapidly to its present proportions. The " stores" 
 are over 100 in number. Other business places are 
 correspondingly increased, until a " Directory" must 
 be consulted instead of a history to obtain an idea of 
 the development of thirty-four years. 
 
 PORT JERVIS POST-OFFICE. 
 
 Previous to the opening of the Delaware and Hud- 
 son Canal, in 1828, the post-office for this section was 
 at Carpenter's Point. The last postmaster at that 
 place was Frank Kelly. About 1829 the office was 
 removed to Port Jervis, and John Slauson (father of 
 Erastus Slauson) was the first postmaster. He kept 
 it at his hotel, at what is now the corner of Main Street 
 and the Huguenot road. This was under Jackson's first 
 administration. The second postma-ster was Dr. John 
 Conkling, who was appointed in 1833, under Gen. 
 Jackson in his second term, Amos Kendall, Postmas- 
 ter-Cieneral. The office was removed to the store- 
 bouse of Dodge, St. John & Co., near the canal on 
 Main Street. Dr. Conkling held the office from 1833 
 to 1845, and served under the administrations of Jack- 
 son, Van Buren, Harrison, and Tyler. In 1845, un- 
 der the administration of President Polk, Dr. Charles 
 Hardenburgh was appointed postmaster, and kept the 
 office in his drug-store, on the site of the present par- 
 sonage of the Reformed Church. During this same 
 administration Dr. Hardenburgh was removed, and 
 Mr. Lyon appointed. June 21, 1849, Dr. John Conk- 
 ling again received the appointment, and removed the 
 office in a wheelbarrow to the building on Main Street 
 recently used as a glove-factory. In May, 1851, Dr. 
 Conkling resigned in favor of Francis Marvin, who 
 held the office until the inauguration of President 
 Pierce's administration. In 1853, Mr. Marvin was 
 succeeded by Thomas J. Lyon, and he in turn was 
 followed, in February, 1855, by James Van Fleet. 
 Under him the office was removed " down town," 
 corner of Pike Street and Jersey Avenue. In 1857, 
 George Broadhead was appointed postmaster under 
 Buchanan's administration. The office was kept cor- 
 ner of Pike and Ball Streets. In 1861, under Presi- 
 dent Lincoln, Augu-stus B. Goodale was named as the 
 incumbent, and the office was moved " up town" to its 
 present location. Mr. Goodale held the office until 
 1879, when Charles St. John, Jr., editor of the Port 
 Jervxi Union, was appointed, and is the present post- 
 master. During Mr. Goodale's term the present brick 
 building was erected, and the portion used for the 
 post-office rented to the government for ten years. 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 rii 
 
 INCORPORATION. 
 
 Under date of July 20, 1853, application for incor- 
 poration was made to the Court of Sessions by a 
 petrition signed by C. N. Lawrence, Nathaniel Van 
 Tuyl, Orville J. Brown, Samuel H. Mills, and J. A. 
 Jennings. The application was accompanied by the 
 necessary survey and certificates of election. The 
 publication of the requisite notice was verified by 
 John Dow and A. G. Tucker. The inspectors of elec- 
 tion were Thomas Van Ellen, James Van Fleet, and 
 Abram Swartwout. 
 
 The order of the court bears date May 13, 1853. 
 The first election was held Aug. 9, 1853. The char- 
 ter was revised in 1866, and again in 1867. The first 
 resolutions submitted to the vote of the people, in ac- 
 cordance with law, soon after the incorporation, were 
 for the following purposes : 
 
 For building a pound Sl'H) 
 
 For streets and sidewalks '200 
 
 For surveying and other expenses 350 
 
 For printing and incidentals 30ti 
 
 Total $1350 
 
 The resolutions were adopted. 
 
 The sums for 1880-81, placed in contrast, tell some- 
 thing of the progress in improvements as well as in 
 expenses : 
 
 For general expenses 83025 
 
 For the pay of officials - 35W 
 
 For the water fund 1860 
 
 For ga^lamps '.^200 
 
 For naphtha-lamps 2425 
 
 Total 813,000 
 
 Streets and other expenses carry the sum up to 
 $17,000 or $18,000, 
 
 The following list shows the full board of trustees 
 each year, also the president, clerk, and treasurer. 
 The election of the first president does not appear 
 in the minutes, but it is believed to be correctly 
 given : 
 
 Aug. '.», lSo3. — Samuel Fowler, president; Charles St. John, Daniel Ro- 
 
 maine, W. H. Powers, 0. J. Brown. S. M. Godfrey, clerk ; C. T. King, 
 
 treasurer. 
 May 9,1854.— W. H, Powers, prt'sident ; Charles St. John, Samuel Fowler, 
 
 0. J. Brown, Daniel Romaine. W.H.Stewart, clerk; C. T. King, 
 
 treasurer. 
 March 7, 1855.— Orville J.Brown, president; John M. Heller, Eli Van 
 
 Inwegen, Benjamin S. Hall, John M. Rowley. Dayton T. Cox, clerk ; 
 
 Rufufl Ferguson, treasurer. 
 March 4, 1856.— H. H. Farnum, president; A. P. Thompson, Henry H. 
 
 Stewart, Horace Bristol!, Henry Foster. F. W. Lockwood, clerk ; 
 
 Bufus Ferguson, treasurer. 
 March 3, 1857.— H. H. Farnum, president; A. P. Thompson, H. H. Stew- 
 art, H. Foster, Jacob May. Peter Wells, clerk; Horace St. John, 
 
 treasurer. 
 March 2, 1858.— H. H. Farnum, president ; Joseph Morse, John McAllister, 
 
 G. W. Bard, Peter Wells. F. R. Fossard, clerk; Horace St. John, 
 
 treasurer. 
 March 1, 1859.— Jacob May, president; John M. Corey, John I. West- 
 brook, Joseph Morse, Joseph Van Inwegen. Francis W. Lockwood, 
 
 clerk ; Horace St. John, treasurer. 
 March 0, IftOii.— Henry H. Farnum, president; Jacob May, Joseph Van 
 
 Inwegen, John I. Westbraok, Benjamin Quick. Peter Wells, clerk ; 
 
 Horace St. Juhn, treasurer. 
 March 5, 1861.— Wni. H. Stewart, president; Erastus Slauson, Lewis M. 
 
 Newman, Charles M. Laurence, Hosea Hammond, Sr. Charles B. 
 
 Gray, clerk ; Horace St. John, treasurer. 
 
 March 4, 1862. — Lewis M. Newman, president ; Henry H. Farnum, Como- 
 ges Kerr, Samuel J. Wood, Peter Whitaker. Charles B. Gray, 
 clerk; Horace St. John, treasurer. 
 March 3, 1863. — Samuel J. Wood, president ; James Creegan, Martin V. 
 Heller, Dayton T. Cox, William Wilkin. Charles B. Gray, clerk ; 
 Horace St. John, treasurer. 
 March 1,1864 — Oliver Young, pre.sident; E.Perry Masterson, George 
 Mulvin, Charles S. Burrell, Henry Dutcher. Charles B. Gray, clerk; 
 Horace St. John, treasurer. 
 March 7, 1865.— Samuel J.Wood, president; Philip Lee, George Mul- 
 vin, J. H. Fountain, John Strader. Charles B. Gray, clerk ; Horace 
 St. John, treasurer. 
 May 1, 1866, — Samuel J. Wood, president; Ruel II. Chamberlain, John 
 Strader, Alexander Campbell, Peter Whitaker. Wm. E. Haggerty, 
 clerk ; Frank Kunkle, treasurer. 
 March 5,1867.— Francis Marvin, president; Charles W. Douglass, George 
 Brodhead, John Strader, Samuel J. Wood. L. L. Adams, clerk ; 
 John I. Westbrook, treasurer. 
 March 3, 1868. — George Brodhead, president; Orville J, Brown, Frank 
 Caskey, Jacob Brandt, Charles W. Douglass, Isaac Johnson, clerk ; 
 John I. Westbrook, treasurer, 
 March 2, 1869.— George Brodhead, president; Thomas Holt, Jacob 
 Brandt, Orville J. Brown, Frank Caskey. Isaac Johnson, clerk; 
 Luke S, Bosencrance, treasurer, 
 March 1, 1870.— George Brodhead, president; Moses Depuy, Sylvander 
 Merritt, Isaac Penney, Thomas Holt, Isaac Johnson, clerk ; Luke 
 S. Rosencrance, treasurer. 
 March 7,1871.— Isaac Penney, president; Frank Abbott, Fred Wehinger, 
 Moses Depuy, Sylvander Merritt. Oscar P. Johnston, clerk ; Frank 
 Kunkle, treasurer. 
 March 5,_1S72.— Sylvander Merritt, president; Charles Marvin, Jesse M. 
 Connor, Frank Abbott, Fred Wehinger. Oscar P. Johnston, clerk; 
 Frank Kunkle, treasurer. 
 March 4, 1873. — Sylvander Merritt, president; F. R. Brodhead, Solomon 
 Van Etten, Charles Marvin, Jesse M. Conner. Oscar P. Johnston, 
 clerk ; Charles Lee, treasurer. 
 May 13, 1873.— Frank Abbot,* president; W. H, Nearpass, A. T. Brown, 
 L. 0. Rose, F, R. Brodhead, Charles B. Gray, Garret Iseman. 0. P, 
 Johnston, clerk ; Charies W, Lee, treasurer. 
 April 6, 1874.— Frnnk Abbott, president; Sylvander Merritt, Charles B. 
 Gray, Christian Wiegand, Lyman 0. Rose, Wm. H. Nearpass, A. T. 
 Brown. 0. P. Johnston, clerk; Charles W, Lee, treasurer. 
 April 6, 1875.— Frank Abbott, president ; Lyman O. Rose, Charles M, Law- 
 rence, Wade Buckley, Christian Weigand, Charles B. Gray, Sylvander 
 Merritt. 0. P. Johnston, clerk ; Charles W, Lee, treasurer. 
 April 3, 1876.— Frank Abbott, president; Wm. J. Murphy, Jacob B. 
 Hornbeck, Charles B. Gray, Lyman O. Rose, Charles M. Lawrence, 
 Wade Buckley. George B. Olney, clerk; William E. McC-ormick, 
 treasurer. 
 April 3, 1877.— Sylvander Merritt, president; Martin C. Everitt, John 
 Kirk, Eli Van Inwegen, William J. Murphy, Jacob B. Hornbeck, 
 Charles B. Gray. Amos Van Etten, Jr., clerk ; Ellis Harring, treas- 
 urer. 
 April 1, 1878. — Sylvander Merritt, president ; Charles B. Gray, William 
 J, Murphy, Thaddeus Mead, Martin C, Everitt, John Kirk, Eli Van 
 Inwegen. Amos Van Etten, Jr., clerk ; J. Irving Cole, treasurer. 
 April 1, 1879.— William E. McCormick, president; William A. Halsey, 
 Charles Brox, Henry Munich, Charles B. Gray, William J. Murphy, 
 Thaddeus Mead. Amos Van Etten, Jr., clerk; William H. Nearpass, 
 treasurer. 
 April 6, 1880.— William E. McCormick, president; Thaddeus Mead, 
 James C. Martin, Moses Depuy, William A. Halsey. Charles Brox, 
 Henry Munich. W. Ed. White, clerk ; William II. Nearpass, treas- 
 urer. 
 
 Other elective officers for the current year (1880-81) 
 are Elias Rhodes, Aaron Decker, Peter Whitaker, 
 assessors ; Patrick Burns, collector. Appointed officers 
 for the current year, 1880-81 : Dayton T. Cox, police 
 justice; Samuel J. Walley, chief of police; Philip 
 Gorr, James L, Westervelt, James McLaughlin, 
 
 * Under the amended charter a new election took place the same year. 
 
 The president chosen by the people for two years, and three trustees each 
 year to hold office two years. 
 
712 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 special night policemeu ; Patrick Lyons, street com- 
 missioner ; C. E. Cuddeback, corporation attorney ; 
 Dr. John F. Higgins, health physician ; John Kirk, 
 W. J. Muri)hy, L. S. Rosencrance, board of healtli ; 
 J. P. Knox, pound-master. 
 
 The police justices for fourteen years past have 
 been John Dutton, 1866 ; James M. Penny, 1868 ; 
 Henry Dutcher, 1870-72. Appointed under the new 
 charter by the board : Henry Dutcher, 1873 ; D. T. 
 Co.x, 1874-80. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Port Jervis has been unusually free from fires. 
 There is an excellent organization of companies, under 
 the direction of a chief engineer and two assistants. 
 Fortunately their services have not often been called 
 into requisition, but in competitive drills, on parades, 
 and in such actual service as has sometimes been re- 
 quired the department has shown that it compares 
 favorably with those of any other village. 
 
 The present officers (November, 1880) are H. G. 
 Lee, chief engineer and member of Delaware Hose 
 Company, No. 2 ; Ira B. Cole, first assistant engineer 
 and member of Neversink Hose Company, No. 1 ; 
 George W. Bailey, second assistant engineer and mem- 
 ber of Hook-and-Ladder Company No. 1 ; L. C. San- 
 ger, treasurer and member of Everitt Hose Company, 
 No. 4 ; Stephen St. John, Jr., secretary and member 
 of Neversink Hose Company, No. 1. 
 
 There are no engine companies now in existence. 
 There is one hook-and-ladder company, and there are 
 four hose companies. The introduction of the system 
 of water-works has furnished pressure sufficient to 
 force water through hose to any required height. 
 
 Tlie following are the names of the companies, their 
 location, and the names of the foreman of each : 
 
 Maghogomock Hook-and-Ladder Company ; having 
 about 35 members, and located on Railroad Avenue 
 near Pike Street. Henry McCoy is the foreman. This 
 company was organized soon after the incorporation 
 of the village, and has maintained a vigorous organi- 
 zation for nearly twenty-five years. 
 
 Neversink Hose Company, No. 1 ; having 30 mem- 
 bers, and located on Orange Street between Canal 
 and Ulster Streets. Lyman Lockwood is the present 
 foreman. This company was formerly the Excelsior 
 Engine Company. 
 
 Delaware Hose Company, No. 2 ; having 40 mem- 
 bers, and located on Sussex Street between Ball and 
 Front Streets. C. I. Terwilliger is the foreman. This 
 was the first engine company, and was organized Jan. 
 17, 1857. 
 
 McDougall Hose Company, No. 3; having 25 mem- 
 bers, and located on Railroad Avenue near Pike 
 Street. Thomas Beirne is the present foreman. This 
 company was also organized about 1857, and was then 
 known as the Fowler Engine Company. 
 
 Everitt Hose Company, No. 4; having 25 members, 
 and located at the corner of Ball and Owen Streets. 
 
 L. C. Sanger is the foreman. This is a new company, 
 organized about three years since. 
 
 Excelsior Hose Company, No. 5 ; having about 15 
 members, and located in Germantown, so called, 
 western part of the village. The present foreman is 
 J. Harding. This was organized as an engine com- 
 pany, but became a hose company soon after. 
 
 WESTBROOKVILLE 
 is a small village northeast from Cuddebackville, and 
 also on the canal. The name perpetuates the memory 
 of the early landlord, John Westbrook, who kept a 
 tavern at this place before the Revolution, and whose 
 descendants resided for a long time in this vicinity. 
 It is one of the series of villages and " ports" that 
 have grown up along the canal. All of the village 
 except a few dwelling-houses lies over the county line 
 in Sullivan County. 
 
 PORT ORANGE 
 is situated on the canal a short distance south of 
 Westbrook villa, and is really a part of the same neigh- 
 borhood. There is little or no business at this point 
 except some small canal traffic. 
 
 CUDDEBACKVILLE 
 is in the northeastern part of the town, on the line 
 of the canal. It is named in honor of the old settler, 
 Jacob Cuddeback, one of the original owners of the 
 patent granted in 1697. One of his descendants. Col. 
 William Cuddeback, owned the site of the village at 
 the time the canal was built, and hence the name is 
 doubly appropriate. William Cuddeback died Jan. 
 27, 1846, aged eighty-seven. 
 
 The Cuddeback Hotel, now kept by Levi Cudde- 
 back, was built and kept for many years by Peter 
 Cuddeback. It was known in the old times as the 
 Jef}i?rsonian House, and was a favorite stopping-place 
 i on the old stage-road from Go.shen toCochecton. The 
 house has always remained in the Cuddeback family, 
 though it was kept for a time by Thomas Gumaer. It 
 is a large and convenient hotel, and connected with 
 it is one of the finest picnic-grounds in the county. 
 The other business at this village comprises the store 
 of the Norris Brothers, where the post-office is kept, 
 Alfred Norris postmaster. His brother was the pre- 
 vious incumbent for twenty years, and before him 
 Peter Cuddeback was postmaster for a long time. 
 There is also a blacksmith-shop, by Thomas Rumsey ; 
 a wagon-shop, by Samuel Pine; a brickyard, by Mr. 
 Ridgeway; a grocery-store and canal stabling, by 
 Harmanus Cuddeback. 
 
 There is still living at this village one of the older 
 members of the family, Mr. James Cuddeback. He 
 is eighty-two years of age, and the son of William A. 
 Cuddeback. He resides on his father's homestead, 
 where he was born, and where he has spent his whole 
 life. His grandfather was Abraham Cuddeback, who 
 lived below Gumaer's. He recalls the names of some 
 
DEEllPARK. 
 
 713 
 
 early teachers, as White, Brooks, Peter E. Gumaer, 
 and Berry. 
 
 The wife of James Cuddeback is a daughter of 
 Benjamin Cuddeback, who died a few years since at 
 the age of uinety-one. 
 
 William C. Rose, for about forty years superin- 
 tendent of one of the divisions of the Delaware and 
 Hudson Canal, was a resident of Cuddebackville until 
 1866, when he removed to Port Jervis, where he died, 
 at the age of sixty-six years, eight months, and four 
 days. He was born in Sherburne, Chenango Co., 
 N. Y., April 22, 1807. His parents were from Massa- 
 chusetts, although his Christian as well as his given 
 name suggests the inference that he was of the family 
 of Capt. William Rose, of Revolutionary memory, 
 whose remains were interred in the " Plains" cem- 
 etery in Mount Hope. His father was Rufus Rose, 
 of whom he was the second son. At the age of twenty- 
 one years Mr. Rose left the home of his parents and 
 sought employment in the neighborhood of Honesdale, 
 Pa. The Delaware and Hudson Canal was then being 
 built, and he was soon under engagement with a con- 
 tractor on the Pennsylvania section. When the canal 
 was completed he was given charge of the section 
 which he had aided to construct. From this position 
 he was removed, in 1832, to Cuddebackville, as super- 
 intendent, as already stated. The long years of ser- 
 vice in the employ of the company here are the best 
 possible testimony to his capacity and to his integrity. 
 Resigning his post on account of failing health, he 
 removed to Port Jervis, where he accepted the agency 
 of the Mutual Life Insurance Company, which he re- 
 tained until a short time before his death, when his 
 health obliged its transfer. Mr. Ro.se was married in 
 1832. His children were William C, Jr., of Phillips- 
 port, Sullivan Co. ; Lyman O., who succeeded his 
 father as canal superintendent at Cuddebackville; 
 Charles C. ; and two daughters, one of whom is the 
 wife of Dr. George H. Fossard. He was a zealous 
 laborer in the field of Christian faith, and at the time 
 of his death a member of the Reformed Dutch 
 Church of Port Jervis. His death was the result of a 
 cerebral disorder. 
 
 ROSE POINT 
 
 is the poetical name given to the " port" at locks No. 
 54 and 55, south of Cuddebackville about one mile. 
 It is also a station upon the Monticello Railroad, and 
 very near to the Jesse Tillotson place, where stood 
 the old fort of Jacob Rutsen DeWitt. 
 
 PORT CLINTON, 
 in a similar way, has been bestowed upon the point, a 
 short distance below, where is located Lock No. 56. 
 
 At this place there is a store by William L. Norris. 
 Here is also the " lodge" of the " Neversink Farm," 
 the special name given by ulr. Godfroy to the large 
 estate owned by him, and comprising the table-land, 
 the old spring, and the burial-place of the early Cud- 
 deback colony of 1690-95. 
 46 
 
 GUMAER'S 
 is a small hamlet situated on the canal, a short dis- 
 tance north of Huguenot. Its name is derived from 
 the Gumaer families, whose ancestor was one of the 
 original patentees of the Peenpack Valley in 1697. 
 
 HUGUENOT 
 is situated on the canal between Port Jervis and Gu- 
 maer's. It derives its name from the fact that many 
 of the early settlers were of the Huguenot emigration 
 which came to Kingston very early, and whose chil- 
 dren settled in this valley. Near Huguenot are the 
 valuable mineral springs discovered about twenty 
 years since. 
 
 There is a store here by C. J. Van Inwegen, Sr., 
 one by C. J. Van Inwegen, Jr., and another by Mrs. 
 Bidwell, a boat-yard by John Thorp, and there is 
 a blacksmith-shop. The Mineral Springs House is 
 owned by Peter Cuddeback. A new enterprise is now 
 (November, 1880) creating a large demand for labor 
 at this place, viz. : the building of the " Pipe Line" for 
 the transmission of oil. Stationary engines will force 
 the oil at this point through the pipes over the moun- 
 tains. 
 
 CARPENTER'S POINT 
 derived its name from an early settler, who established 
 the ferry and owned the land at the junction of the 
 Neversink and Delaware Rivers. It is a short dis- 
 tance south of Port Jervis, and has been long and ex- 
 tensively known by its present name. It is an old 
 point of ferriage across the Delaware. The " Tri- 
 States-Rock" is situated just at the extremity of the 
 Point, and marks the junction of the lines of three 
 States, — New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. 
 The hamlet of early times was on the east side of 
 the Neversink, and half a mile or more below what 
 is now the village of Carpenter's Point. The Car- 
 penter family are buried at the southernmost point of 
 Laurel Grove Cemetery, and within a short distance 
 of the " Tri-States Rock." The inscriptions are as 
 follows : 
 
 " Benjamin Carpenter, died Feb. 26, 1820; aged 64." 
 " Margaret, ilia wife, ilied 1853, aged 84." 
 "Solomon Carpenter, died 1828, aged 28." 
 
 There are several stores and other business places ; 
 the old grist-mill and a number of private dwellings 
 constitute the present village. There is a bridge 
 over the Neversink, built July, 1868, by F. Caskey, 
 J. H. Patterson, H. Cuddeback, committee; D. S. 
 Rhule, architect; and D. S. Rhule, O. J. Brown, 
 builders. 
 
 SPARROWBUSII 
 is a hamlet near Bolton Basin, west of Honesville, on 
 the canal, and has a post-office. A post-office was 
 established there in 1827 under the name of Hones- 
 ville, Dr. Dickinson, postmaster; about 1830, David 
 Decker was appointed ; succeeded in 1840 by Jona- 
 than West, who resigned in 1844, and the office was 
 
714 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 closed. It was re-established in 1850 under the pres- 
 ent name, L. F. Hough, postmaster. His successors 
 have been N. R. Higby, M. M. Shultz, Charles 
 Cooper, Wni. Goodenough, J. C. West, and the 
 present incumbent, H. F. West. 
 
 BUSHKILL 
 
 is in the west part of the town, in the neighborhood of 
 the Baptist church, as marked upon the recent maps. 
 This church was something of an ofi-shoot from the 
 Baptist Church of Port Jervis. It was, however, con- 
 tinued for only a few years. 
 
 QUARRY HILL 
 is the local name of the school district in the extreme 
 western angle of the town and the county. It derives 
 its name from the business of quarrying carried on 
 to some extent in that section. 
 
 SHIN HOLLOW 
 is the euphonious and suggestive name applied to a 
 neighborhood on the slopes of the Shawangunk Moun- 
 tains where the Erie Railway crosses the town line 
 into Mount Hope. 
 
 GERMANTOWN 
 is the name ajiplied to the western extension of Port 
 Jervis along the Delaware River, situated between 
 that and the canal. An extensive glass manufactory 
 is located here, and a population of 1000 or more has 
 settled here. One of the public schools is located in 
 this division of the village. 
 
 HONESVILLE 
 is a small hamlet on the canal west of Port Jervis, 
 the former name of the post-office now known as Spar- 
 rowbush, and not far from the same locality. 
 
 BOLTON 
 is situated on the canal in the southwestern part of 
 the town, and is named after John Bolton, one of the 
 original members of the canal company. 
 
 PARADISE 
 is situated on the border of Sullivan County north- 
 west of Cuddebackville. It is not clear what gave to 
 it its delightful name, as it is in close proximity to 
 some other names suggestive of a far different locality. 
 Paradise is a station on the Monticello road, and Silas 
 T. L. Norris is postmaster, station-agent, and hotel- 
 keeper. There is a brick-yard by Roys & Cady, and 
 a mile below is the flag-stone business of John F. 
 Kilgore. 
 
 BROOKLYN 
 
 is an extension of Port Jervis beyond the canal bridge, 
 a cosy neighborhood at the base of the hills. 
 
 MATAMORAS 
 is across the Delaware in Pennsylvania, but .so closely 
 united with Port Jervis in business that it is proper to 
 be mentioned in connection with the latter. It is 
 united by what is technically known as a "Roebling 
 
 suspension" bridge. It is a very elegant structure, con- 
 sisting of two spans of 325 feet each. The bridge was 
 erected in 1870-71, but swept away in the ice gorge of 
 1874. It was rebuilt immediately. 
 
 VI.-SCHOOLS. 
 
 There are but few notes upon the early schools in 
 any records now available. Jeremiah Van Auken, 
 killed by the Indians, was an early teacher. Peter 
 E. Gumaer, the surveyor, was also a teacher for many 
 years. Mr. Cornelius Westfall, of Pike Co., Pa. (as 
 related by a local correspondent of the Port Jervis 
 Gazette), stated tliat in his boyhood he attended school 
 in a small log building situated upon the hill just 
 above the present canal bridge at Germantown. 
 
 At the first town-meeting in 1798 school commis- 
 sioners were chosen, viz. : David R. Arnell, Abel 
 Woodhull, James Finch, Jr., and William Rose. In 
 1799 commissioners were also chosen, but the names 
 are so much obliterated in the records that they cannot 
 be given. These proceedings were under an early 
 school law of 1795, but no further official action by 
 the town with reference to schools took place until 
 the passage of the act of 1812, which was the real 
 foundation of the general school system of the State. 
 
 At the town-meeting of 1813 the provisions of the 
 new law were complied with by the appointment of 
 commissioners and inspectors, and by the voting of 
 a tax for school purposes equal to the sum which 
 should be received from the State. Under date of 
 June 19, 1813, the commissioners divided the town 
 into six districts, all of which were nortli of the "old 
 county line," as at that time the lower portion of the 
 present town (Port Jervis and vicinity) was a part of 
 Minisink. 
 
 The commissioners who served one or more years 
 each during the period 1813 to 1843 were the follow- 
 ing, viz. : Abraham Taylor, David G. Finch, Abra- 
 ham Cuddeback, Jacob Murray, John King, Peter E. 
 Gumaer, Gideon Tuthill, Elisha S. Cadwell, William 
 Mulock, Jr., Silas Loomis, William A. Cuddeback, 
 Joseph Ketchum, Jr., Eleazer Harding, George F. 
 Seybolt, Zophar Finch, Silas Loomis, Isaac Willet, 
 Peter E. Gumaer, Abijah Norris, James Finch, Jr., 
 Philip Ketcham, John Osborn, Benjamin Van In- 
 wegen, David G. Finch, Joshua Penny, William S. 
 Little, Elisha Reeve, Jr., Joel Whitlock, Stephen St. 
 John, Daniel Mapes, Gilbert F. Mondon, David 
 Swartwout, Abraham B. Bross, William Lockwood, 
 Samuel Swartwout, Cornelius Gray, Benjamin White- 
 head, Peter Cuddeback, John W. Sweezy, Jeremiah 
 Gumaer, Charles Hardenburgh, Matthias Piersou, 
 Benjamin Carpenter, Solomon Westbrook, Elijah 
 Gordon, James V. Hulse, John S. Van Inwegen, 
 Daniel Hilferty, Henry Woolsey, Jonathan G. Storey, 
 John D. Westfall, John Van Etten, Jr., Elting Cud- 
 deback, Eli Van Inwegen, John Lambert, Edward 
 L. Norris. 
 
 During the same period the following persons 
 
DEERPAKK. 
 
 ns 
 
 served as inspectors of schools one or more years 
 each, viz. : Benjamin Prime, Peter E. Gumaer, Stephen 
 Farnum, Jacob IMurray, James Finch, Jr., Silas 
 Loomis, William Mulock, James H. Prime, Abraham 
 Cuddeback, David G. Finch, William S. Little, Ben- 
 jamin Van Inwegen, Joseph Reed, William Cudde- 
 back, James Harding, Peter Cuddeback, Joseph 
 Chattle, John Whiting, Asa Smith, Cornelius C. 
 Biting, Charles Hardenburgh, Cornelius Dickinson, 
 John Van Etten, Charac A. Van Inwegen, Nathan 
 Felch, Andrew Crawford, Lewis Van Inwegen, Daniel 
 Cornwall, James H. Taylor. 
 
 Under the method of supervision by town super- 
 intendents the following were the incumbents of that 
 office in Deerpark : 
 
 Elected annually: 1844, James H. Taylor; 1845-47, 
 Thomas Cuddeback. Elected once in two years : 
 1848, Alexander T. Johnson ; 1850, Horace K. Stew- 
 art; 1852, Alexander T. Johnson; 1854, Stephen C. 
 Merteenas; 185G, Henry O. Fowler. 
 
 Town superintendents were superseded in June, 
 1856, by district commissioners. All supervision of 
 the schools by the town was abolished at that time. 
 
 The distribution of school money for the year end- 
 ing March 28, 1820, was as follows: 
 
 To school district No. 1, .$21.56; to school district 
 No. 2, $34.43 ; to No. 3, $28 ; to No. 4, $21.56 ; to No. 
 5, $18.92; to joint district No. 1 (Wallkill), $1.13; to 
 joint district No. 17 (Wallkill), $2.65; to joint dis- 
 trict No. 10 (Mamakating), $6.81; to joint district 
 No. 13 (Mamakating), $10.21; total award, $145.28. 
 The report for the next year (1821) shows that there 
 were five districts and four parts of districts. The 
 number of children between the ages of five and fif- 
 teen in district No. 1 was 53 ; in district No. 2, 91 ; in 
 district No. 3, 62 ; in district No. 4, 53 ; in district 
 No. 5, 48; in joint No. 1 (Wallkill), 5 ; in joint No. 
 17 (Wallkill), 3; in joint No. 10 (Mamakating), 18; 
 in joint No. 13 (Mamakating), 29; total number of 
 children in town, 360; of these 324 had attended 
 school during the year. 
 
 From the commissioners' certificate of apportion- 
 ment for March, 1880, we take the following statistics, 
 showing certain interesting facts concerning the 
 schools of the present time : 
 
 District No. 1 (Port Jervis) has 2120 children be- 
 tween five and twenty-one years of age, and received 
 $5183.74 public money ; district No. 2, 28 children 
 and $30.95 public money ; district No. 3, 104 children 
 and $189.13 public money ; district No. 4, 8 children 
 and $8.68 public money; district No. 5, 8 children 
 and $10.69 public money; district No. 6, 30 children 
 and $79.49 public money; district No. 7, 73 children 
 and $122.92 public money ; district No. 8 (Carpenter's 
 Point), 218 children and $352.80 public money; dis- 
 trict No. 9, 74 children and $128.16 public money; 
 district No. 10, 72 children and $140.41 public money ; 
 district No. 11, 77 children and $135.24 public money ; 
 district No. 12, 115 children and $178.82 public 
 
 money; district No. 13, 100 children and $185.53 
 public money; district No. 14, 180 children (Sparrow- 
 bush) and $345.46 public money; total number of 
 children 3707, and total amount of money disbursed 
 $7092.02. The contrast between this report and that 
 sixty years ago is very marked. 
 
 HIGH SCHOOL IN THE FOWLER HOUSE. 
 This building was leased in 1862 by Rev. J. H. 
 Northrup, of Monticello, for the purpose of opening 
 a school the middle of April. The enterprise was 
 continued for a few years and abandoned. 
 
 ST. MARY'S ORPHAN ASYLUM 
 was founded in 1871 by the Rev. Father Nilan, and by 
 him placed under the Sisters of Charity. Its object 
 was to provide for orphan children a home, and to 
 train and instruct them for a proper place in society. 
 In 1875 a law was passed by the Legislature of the 
 State having for its object the same ideas as led to the 
 founding of this institution. St. Mary's Asylum has 
 also the orphan Catholic children from the county 
 almshouse under its charge. The institution is located 
 ui)on Ball Street, between Sussex and Fowler Streets. 
 The building is of brick, commodious, and well ar- 
 ranged. The Sisters receive children generally for 
 instruction not only in the common English branches, 
 but in higher studies, and in music, both vocal and in- 
 strumental. Instruction is also given in plain and 
 ornamental needle-work. The asylum is a branch of 
 the academy and convent located at Mount St. Vin- 
 cent, on the Hudson, a short distance from New York. 
 The Port Jervis institution has been in charge of 
 Sister Matilda from the first. 
 
 THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF PORT .lERVlS 
 consist of five union free schools and a central acad- 
 emy or high school. 
 
 The records of the public schools of Port Jervis 
 were destroyed by fire June 13, 1866. There is con- 
 sequently no documentary evidence of the manage- 
 ment and condition of the schools previous to that 
 time, except such as appears in one or two acts of the 
 Legislature. The evidence, however, of persons yet 
 living establishes the fact that in January, 1862, the 
 inhabitants of the village, dissatisfied with the working 
 of their schools under the old rate-bill system, reor- 
 ganized them under the general free school law. A 
 Board of Education, consisting of Dr. Charles W. Law- 
 rence, Samuel B. Farnum, Elting Cuddeback, Peter 
 Wells, Amos Van Etten, Wm. K. Bartlett, and John 
 Strader, was elected. The board organized by making 
 Dr. Lawrence president and Mr. Van Etten secre- 
 tary. The building known as the Main Street school- 
 house was the only one owned by the district, and was 
 
 j too small to afford the requisite accommodations. 
 
 I The basement of the Presbyterian churcli was hired 
 and used for school purposes. The demands for space 
 having been thus temporarily met, attention was 
 given to the improvement of the schools in methods 
 
716 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 of discipline, instruction, and general management. 
 Edward W. Manning was appointed principal. He 
 held the position until his death, which occurred two 
 or three years later, and was a zealous and successftil 
 teacher. His successor was David Beattie, now super- 
 intendent of public schools in Troy. After a short 
 but efficient administration Mr. Beattie was succeeded 
 by Isaac M. Wellington, to whose well-directed energy 
 and untiring industry the schools are still indebted for 
 much of their prosperity. Early in 1866 the Catholic 
 schools, hitherto conducted as a part of the public 
 schools, were withdrawn from the control of the Board 
 of Education, and their management and expense were 
 assumed by St. Mary's Church. The causes which 
 led to this separation are not on record. 
 
 In April, 1866, the Legislature authorized the rais- 
 ing of SlOjOOO to build another school-house, the sale 
 of the existing site, and the purchase of a new one. 
 The bonds of the district were issued to the amount 
 of $5000 during the year by the Board of Education, 
 of which the members were Dr. C. M. Lawrence, 
 president ; Peter Wells, secretary ; Samuel B. Far- 
 num, Elting Cuddebaek, Wm. K. Bartlett, Amos 
 Van Etten, and John Strader. 
 
 The first steps towards forming an academical de- 
 partment, subject to the visitation and direction of 
 the regents, were taken by making application to 
 them for a charter, which was ultimately granted. 
 
 The report to the annual school-meeting stated that 
 there were in the district 1816 children legally en- 
 titled to attend school. Of these, 564 were, on an 
 average, in daily attendance, and 1220 were enrolled 
 during some part of the year. 
 
 Thomas Holt and Aaron Van Akin were elected in 
 place of Samuel B. Farnum and Wm. K. Bartlett, 
 otherwise the Board of Education remained the same. 
 Dr. Chas. M. Lawrence was again chosen president, 
 and Amos Van Etten secretary. A site was obtained 
 on the corner of Church and Hammond Streets, and 
 a contract made for the erection of a new school- 
 house. 
 
 In 1867 legislative action was secured to enlarge 
 the district by annexing parts of two adjoining dis- 
 tricts. The new school-house was completed at a 
 cost of $9992 and occupied. 
 
 The expiration of the term of service and in some 
 cases resignation of office created several vacancies, 
 which were filled by the election of John McAllister, 
 Thos. Holt, Horace K. Stewart, Henry Dutcher, and 
 Dr. Thomas Cuddebaek, who, with John Strader and 
 Dr. Chas. M. Lawrence, constituted the new board. 
 The latter was chosen its president, and H. K. Stewart 
 its secretary. The first preliminary academic exam- 
 ination was held in November. The clergymen of 
 the village constituted a committee, of which Rev. A. 
 P. Botsford was chairman. 
 
 In 1868 further accommodations were demanded, 
 and furnished by the erection of another school- 
 house at an expense of $3635. 
 
 The Board of Education, after the annual election, 
 consisted of Dr. Chas. M. Lawrence, i)resident; 
 Horace K. Stewart, secretary ; Lewis E. Carr, John 
 McAllister, Thomas Holt, Henry Dutcher, and Dr. 
 Thomas Cuddebaek. The parochial schools of the 
 Catholic Church were again received as a part of the 
 public schools, but were soon disbanded in conse- 
 quence of the burning of the church, and the pupils 
 were distrilnited among the other schools. In De- 
 cember the superintendent, I. M. Wellington, resigned, 
 and soon after Edward A. Kingsley was appointed 
 his successor. In October, 1869, Thomas J. Bonnell 
 was elected in place of Dr. Cuddebaek, otherwise the 
 board remained the same and retained the same offi- 
 cers. After the annual election in October, 1870, the 
 members of the board were Dr. 0. M. Lawrence, 
 president; Lewis E. Carr, secretary; Amos Van 
 Etten, Chas. W. Buckley, N. H. Chandler, Henry 
 Dutcher, and Thomas J. Bonnell. E. A. Kingsley 
 having resigned in December, A. B. Wilbur was ap- 
 pointed superintendent, and still holds the position. 
 
 In July, 1871, Comeges Kerr was appointed a mem- 
 ber of the board in place of N. H. Chandler, removed 
 to another State. After the annual election of this 
 year Dr. C. M. Lawrence, president ; Lewis E. Carr, 
 secretary ; Amos Van Etten, Chas. W. Buckley, 
 Henry Dutcher, Thomas J. Bonnell, and Lemuel E. 
 Elston were the board. In consequence of increasing 
 demands for accommodation a large building, known 
 as the Mountain House, capable of accommodating 
 six hundred pupils, was purchased near the close of 
 the year at an expense of $9000, and prepared in part 
 for immediate use. In 1872 no change occurred either 
 in the membership or presidency of the board. L. E. 
 Elston was appointed secretary. 
 
 After the annual meeting in 1873 the board con- 
 sisted of Dr. C. M. Lawrence, president ; A. .1. Sny- 
 der, secretary ; Lewis E. Carr, John W. Decker, 
 Hamilton W. Quick, Daniel Eomaine, and Alfred H. 
 Corwin. 
 
 Since that time the successive boards have been 
 constituted as follows : from October, 1874, to Octo- 
 ber, 1875, Dr. Chas. M. Lawrence, president; Lewis 
 E. Carr, secretary ; A. J. Snyder, Hamilton W. 
 Quick, Alf. H. Corwin, John W. Decker, Daniel Ro- 
 maine. From October, 1875, to October, 1876, Dr. 
 Chas. M. Lawrence, president ; A. J. Snyder, secre- 
 tary ; Hamilton W. Quick, Alf. H. Corwin, John W. 
 Decker, Daniel Romaine, Elting Cuddebaek. From 
 October, 1876, to October, 1877, Dr. Chas. M. Law- 
 rence, president ; A. J. Snyder, secretary ; Daniel Ro- 
 maine, Hamilton W. Quick, Alf. H. Corwin, Elting 
 Cuddebaek, Wm. E. McCormick. From October, 
 1877, to October, 1878, Dr. Chas. M. Lawrence, presi- 
 dent; A. J. Snyder, secretary; Alf. H. Corwin, Dan- 
 iel Romaine, Hamilton W. Quick, Wm. E. McCor- 
 mick, O. P. Howell. From October, 1878, to Octo- 
 ber, 1879, Dr. Chas. M. Lawrence, president ; A. J. 
 Snyder, secretary ; Hamilton W. Quick, Lewis E. 
 
 \ 
 
DEEKPARK. 
 
 717 
 
 Carr, Wm. E. McCormick, O. P. Howell, Frank Mar- 
 vin. From October, 1879, to October, 1880, Dr. Chas. 
 M. Lawrence, president; A. J. Snyder, secretary; 
 0. P. Howell, Lewis E. Carr, Frank Marvin, Peter 
 Whitaker, Thus. J. Bonnell, Luke S. Eosencrance. 
 From October, 1880, to October, 1S81, Dr. Chas. M. 
 Lawrence, president; A. J. Snyder, secretary ; Lewis 
 E. Carr, O. P. Howell, Thos. J. Bonnell, Frank Mar- 
 vin, Peter Whitaker, Horace Hammond. 
 
 The schools are graded and in excellent condition. 
 Nearly 1300 of the 2452 entitled to free school privi- 
 leges are daily in attendance, and 1975 spend some 
 part of the year in school. Five buildings, four of 
 which are owned by the district, are used for school 
 purposes. Twenty-nine teachers are employed, of 
 whom two are graduates of college, six of normal 
 schools, and nineteen of the local academical depart- 
 ment. In this department there are fifty-six students 
 engaged in all the various studies usually pursued in 
 academies and seminaries, and fitting themselves, ac- 
 cording to their own inclinations, either for business 
 or college. It is located in the Mountain House, and 
 the superintendent is the principal. His assistants 
 are Fred W. Best, of the Potsdam Normal School, and 
 Miss Minnie Botsford, of Vassar College. The teach- 
 ers in the other grades, in the same building, are Mrs. 
 Celestia Ernsberger, and Misses Emma L. Stoutenberg, 
 Ella M. Welch, Anna B. Ruddick, Ella J. Olmstead, 
 Fannie M. Hull, Florence Mondon, Maggie F. Galla- 
 gher, and Belle Barnum. 
 
 Miss Tilla White is the principal of the Main 
 Street School. Her assistants are Misses Jennie Holt, 
 Leah Pflaum, and Jennie Gaylord. 
 
 The principal of the Church Street School is Miss 
 Ella Margison. Her assistants are Mrs. Joanna An- 
 derson, Misses Ella Campbell, Lizzie Coyle, Ada I. 
 DeKay, Janette Sherring, Mary Coyle, and Edith 
 Palmer. 
 
 The principal of the Riverside School is Miss Lizzie 
 Price, and her assistant is Miss Phwbe Gordon. 
 
 Miss Emma Goodspeed is the principal of the Ger- 
 mantown School, and her assistants are Misses Ida 
 Dutcher and Jessie Bross. 
 
 The people of this village have always manifested 
 their deep interest in education by making liberal 
 provision for their schools, and the result is schools 
 of which they are justly proud. 
 
 vii.-churches. 
 
 the reformed prote.'^tant dutch church of 
 ma(;aghkemeck 
 
 was incorporated by a certificate executed March 14, 
 1789. The minister named in the instrument was 
 Rev. Elias Van Bunschooten, V.D.M. The board of 
 elders and deacons comprised the following persons : 
 Solomon Coykendall, Benjamin Depuy, Wilhelmus 
 Cole, Samuel Depuy, Wilhelmus Vredenhurgh, Ja- 
 cobus Swartwout, Simeon Westfall, Johannes Decker. 
 
 Of this church, organized many years earlier than 
 the above date of incorporation, we have the follow- 
 ing account, condensed from a historical discourse 
 prepared for the dedication of the new chapel, by 
 Rev. S. W. Mills, Oct. 22, 1878 : 
 
 The date of its organization was probably Aug. 23, 
 1737, when we find the first recorded act of the Con- 
 sistory signed by Mancius in their name. It was 
 known as the Reformed Dutch Church of Machack- 
 emech. Atthe same time the churches of Menissinck, 
 Walpeck, and Smithfield were organized, since they 
 all bear tlie same date. These four churches were all 
 located upon the " Old Mine Road," leading from 
 Kingston to the copper-mines in Pahaquarry. 
 
 Johannes Casparus Fryenmoet was the first settled 
 pastor over these four churches. He proved to be a 
 man acceptable not only to his own people, but whose 
 fame spread abroad far and wide. Soon after his 
 settlement occurs the following record : 
 
 "Joh. Casparus Fryenmuth, young man, born in 
 Switzerland, and Lena Van Etten, young maiden, 
 born in Nytsfield, married with a license from Gov- 
 erneur Morris, in Jersey, by Justice Abram van 
 Camp, 2.3d day of July, 1742." 
 
 The salary paid to Mr. Fryenmoet by the four 
 churches was subsequently fixed (Feb. 4, 1745) at 
 £17 10s. from each of the three churches, Machacke- 
 mech, Menissinck, and Walpeck, in " New York cur- 
 rent money," and a like amount from Smithfield in 
 " proclamation money," being £70 in all, or $175, and 
 in addition to this twenty-five schepels* of oats from 
 each church, and his firewood. The amount seems 
 to us amazingly small, but it was probably in keep- 
 ing with the times and circumstances of the people. 
 A parsonage was procured in 1745, each of the four 
 churches to bear a fourth part of the expense, with 
 an agreement subsequently made (April 16, 1750) 
 that if any of them had " lawful and ecclesiastical 
 reasons to separate from the other churches the Con- 
 sistory shall purchase the fourth part of the house 
 and lot of the retiring church, provided they wished 
 to retain the same, and if not, then the house and lot 
 shall be sold to the highest bidder." The parsonage 
 was located three or four miles below Montague, on 
 the farm lately occupied by Eli Fuller, deceased, at 
 what was called Nominack, opposite Nominack Island 
 and near the old Nominack Fort, erected here during 
 the French and Indian war. This spot was central 
 to the four churches. The four Consistories often 
 met here in joint session, and the record of their pro- 
 ceedings irequently closes with the expression, "Done 
 in Consistory at Nominack." Hence the church 
 of Minisink was sometimes called the " Nominack 
 Church." 
 
 The only thing bearing upon the early erection of 
 a house of worship in any of the church records or 
 papers is in the following minute of March 7, 1742 : 
 
 * A scbepel is three pecks. 
 
ri8 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 *' The Reverend Consistories of the two churciies met together and 
 executed tlie fullowing. Having approved of the object by collection to 
 aid and biiiltl up the how Dutch Churches in the States of New York 
 and New Jersey, and that for this object suitable persons sliould be 
 chosen by Consistories and justices in these churches; The Reverend 
 Consistory chose Jan Van Vliet, William Cool, Hannes Westbroeck, 
 Hendrick Kortreclit. Besides his Majesty's justices chose Salomon 
 Davids, Peter Keuikendal, William Kortrecht. The following persons 
 were appointed collectors, viz.: Jacobus Swartwood, Jan Van Vleit, 
 Hendrick Kortreclit, and Derrick Westbroeck." In August following 
 {21st) " the collectors reported that they had collected £13 9s. OtL Their 
 expenses were £.2 Ox. id. Jan. 7, 1743, The Reverend Consistory resolved 
 that of the money collected each church should retain half. That the 
 money should be appropriated for the upbuilding of one church should 
 they agree to build together, and if not, then each church shoijld retain 
 the amount collected in their bounds. And if it should occur that they 
 should both build and any money should remain over, it should be used 
 for the benefit of both churches, and if more money should be collected, 
 it would be subject to the above conditions." 
 
 Tlie probability is that the churcli wa.s erected in 
 consequence of this action during the year 1743. 
 AVliether two buildings were reared, or but one, it is 
 not likel)' from the above amount, a trifle over twenty- 
 eight dollars, that much surplus was left after com- 
 pleting the work. But as it may have been built of 
 logs, and jierhaps not more than thirty feet square 
 upon the ground, and much of the material used may 
 have been given by the people and not a little of the 
 work done by them gratuitously, the probability is 
 that they fell but little short of the amount needed. 
 
 The site of this building was opposite the old bury- 
 ing-yard, and not far from the present dwelling-house 
 of Eli Van Inwegen. In this the people of this con- 
 gregation and of this whole valley worshiped until 
 July, 1779, when it was burned by the Indians under 
 Brant, a day or two before the memorable battle of 
 Minisink. 
 
 Mr. Fryenmoet continued his labors here for fifteen 
 years, until Aug. 12, 175G, when he was driven out by 
 the Indian massacres in this .section in connection 
 with the French and Indian war. He seems to have 
 left here in great haste, for in the minutes of Synod 
 it is said, " Fleeing before the public enemy he came 
 to North Branch (N. J.), and was several times asked 
 by the Consistory there to officiate, which he did with 
 so much acceptance that many members of the four 
 united congregations requested that he might preach 
 in all the churches." A large majority of the people 
 desired to have him called, but the Consistory oppos- 
 ing it, no little dispute arose, and as the result no call 
 was given him. He received a call soon after from 
 Kinderhook, Claverack, and Livingston Manor, which 
 was accepted, and where he labored with very great 
 acceptance and success for twenty-one years. He died 
 about 1778, and his remains were interred under the 
 Kinderhook church. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Romeyn, the second jjastor, preached 
 here in April, 1760, and on Sept. 6th of the same year 
 accepted a call from them. He was born in Pompton, 
 N. J., March 20, 1729. He pursued his collegiate 
 studies at Nassau Hall, and his theological studies 
 under Goetchius and T. Frelinghuysen. He sailed 
 from New York for Europe April 11, 17.52, to receive 
 
 ordination, and was ordained by the Classis of Am- 
 sterdam September 3d of the same year, and accepted 
 a call from Success, Newtown, Oyster Bay, and Ja- 
 maica (L. I.), Nov. 10, 1752, where he remained eight 
 years, until coming here. During his ministry here 
 he commenced religious services in the Clove, on the 
 opposite side of the mountain, in the town of Wantage, 
 near Deckertown, which resulted in the organization 
 of a church there in the time of his successor. Dur- 
 ing his settlement here Mr. Romeyn was married to 
 Susan Van Campen (his second wife), daughter of 
 Col. Abraham Van Campen, of Pahaquarry, an elder 
 in the church of Walpack. Her family name was 
 perpetuated in one of their sons, James Van Campen 
 Romeyn, a minister of great excellence and influence 
 for over fifty years, dying in 1840. Of his seven sons, 
 four devoted themselves to the ministry, one of whom 
 died soon after his licensure. Another (Theodore) 
 was settled at Somerville, N. J., where he died at the 
 age of twenty-nine. A third (James) was pastor of 
 the Reformed Dutch Church at Hackensack, N. J., 
 for about thirty-three years, when he was disabled by 
 paralysis, and after lingering for several years died in 
 1840. The fourth (Thomas) was for several years 
 settled at Niskayuna and Amity, and died in 1857. 
 A grandson (James, son of James V. C.) was for 
 many years an able and learned minister, and died in 
 1859. A great-grandson. Rev. Theodore B. Romeyn, 
 D.D., is at the pre.sent time pastor of the First Re- 
 formed Church in Hackensack, N. J. 
 
 After twelve years of faithful service in these 
 churches, Mr. Romeyn accepted a call from the Re- 
 formed Dutch Church of Caughnawaga, Montgomery 
 Co., N. Y., in 1772, and remained pastor thereof for 
 twenty-one years, until compelled by feeble health to 
 relinquish his charge, and where he also died, Oct. 
 22, 1794. After the departure of Mr. Romeyn the 
 churches here were without a pastor during a period 
 of thirteen years. This period embraced the struggle 
 of the Revolutionary war. They were visited from 
 time to time during this period by ministers from 
 abroad, who preached to them and administered the 
 ordinances. In each year after Mr. Romeyn left 
 them, until the settlement of his successor, we find a 
 record of baptisms, the whole number being 441. 
 
 Rev. Elias Van Bunschooten was the third pastor 
 of these churches. The name is commonly called 
 Van Benschoten, but as written by himself was in- 
 variably Van Bunschooten. This minister, so exten- 
 sively known by name in the denomination, was the 
 son of Teunis Van Bunschooten, and was born at 
 New Hackensack, Duchess Co., N. Y., Oct. 26, 1738. 
 He was graduated at Princeton College in 1768, and 
 studied theology with Dr. Hermanns Meyer, of Kings- 
 ton. He was licensed to preach in 1773, and was 
 settled at Schaghticoke, Albany Co., N. Y., the same 
 year, where he remained for twelve years. On May 
 12, 1785, a call was given him by these three churches, 
 which wa.s accepted July 9th, and he was installed 
 
DEERPAKK. 
 
 •19 
 
 August 28tli by Rev. Dr. Jacob K. Hardeubergh, of 
 Marbletown. His labors bere were devoted at first 
 to tbe three churches, — JMacbackemech, Menissinck, 
 and Walpack, — and in addition to these, preaching 
 at the Clove, near Deckertown. About two years 
 after his settlement here application was made to the 
 Claasis of New Brunswick, with which these churches 
 were then connected, for the organization of a church 
 at the Clove. The organization was eftected April 
 16, 1788. His services were divided subsequently be- 
 tween that church and those in the valley here, and 
 at length, in 1792, he removed to the Clove, where he 
 bought a farm and mill. His pastoral connection 
 with the three churches here continued until 1799. 
 While at the Clove he preached for some length of 
 time at Westtown,* but for several of the last years of 
 his ministry his labors were confined to the former 
 place. Here he exercised his ministry, to the general 
 acceptance of his people, until 1812, when, on ac- 
 count of advanced age, he resigned his charge. Three 
 years later, after a long and painful illness, his earthly 
 life closed, on Jan. 10, 1815, in his seventy-seventh 
 year. 
 
 That for which Mr. Van Bunschooten is chiefly re- 
 membered in the church is his generous donation for 
 the purposes of theological education. In 1814, only a 
 few months previous to his death, he gave to the trus- 
 tees of Queen's ^novv Rutgers) College $14,640, in- 
 creased by his will to $17,000, the income of which 
 was to be applied to the education of " pious youth 
 who hope they have a call of God to preach the gos- 
 pel of Jesus Christ;" those receiving the benefits 
 thereof to be recommended by the General Synod. 
 This fund at the i)resent time exceeds $20,000, and 
 has educated a large number of faithful and devoted 
 ministers in the denomination. Probably about 150 
 have entered the ministry who have been educated by 
 it, not a few of whom have become missionaries and 
 are now preaching the gospel to the heathen. Hav- 
 ing been wisely invested so as to answer the purpose 
 designed by the donor, not a dollar has been lost, not- 
 withstanding all the financial reverses in the country 
 from time to time since its bestowment. 
 
 During the ministry of Mr. Van Bunschooten the 
 church edifice that had been burned by Brant was 
 rebuilt. The probability is that the work was com- 
 menced in 1786, as we find a paper with the names of 
 persons in various sums, of the dates of Jan. 24, 
 March 13, May 4, May 29, May 31, June 1, and June 
 2, 1786. From this and from the following item, 
 found in an inventory of church property dated 
 March 29, 1793, "One acre of ground with the 
 church on it without any annual income from the 
 seats," showing that the edifice was then built and in 
 use, we are safe in saying that it was probably erected 
 in 1786. Jan. 1, 1796, one pound, eighteen shillings, 
 
 * It would seem that a church was organized at Westtown under Van 
 Bunschooten. since it appears in the minutes of General Synod (180O) 
 with Machackemech, Minisiiik, and Walpack. 
 
 ■ and fourpence was paid to James Van Auken (in a 
 settlement), "which was due said Van Auken for 
 building the meeting-house." This was probably a 
 balance due him for work done some years before. 
 The building was erected upon the site occupied by 
 I the one which had been burned, and standing near it 
 j were majestic oak-trees, whose towering height and 
 wide-spreading branches presented a grand spectacle. 
 It was forty feet square, two stories high, covered with 
 a low roof coming to a point in the centre, sided with 
 planed pine boards and seated inside with the same, 
 I and was unjjainted both within and without. On the 
 t east side of the church was a low gallery, which was 
 ; reached by stairs running up on the outside of the 
 building. These becoming dilapidated during the 
 latter years of the edifice, were taken down. A 
 single door in front, next to the road, aftbrded en- 
 trance to the building. The pulpit stood on the side 
 opposite to the entrance, and was from six to eight 
 feet high, standing on a single post, inclosed, sexagon 
 in form, and over it a large "sounding-board." The 
 elders and deacons occupied seats specially designated 
 for them, nearest the pulpit, and were uniformly 
 greeted by the minister upon descending from it. 
 There was in it, as well as in the first church edifice> 
 the " Magistrate's Seat," differing from the other seats 
 in having a roof or cover over it, resting upon two 
 posts. This was occupied by the justice of the peace 
 during the time of service. 
 
 Collections were taken in small black bags, fastened 
 on the end of a rod about six feet long, with a little 
 bell at the bottom of the bag, which served to an- 
 nounce the approach of the worthy dignitary caiTying 
 this indispensable article of church furniture. The 
 contents of the bag were not always " current money 
 with the merchant," as occasional horse-nails, gravel- 
 stones, and other articles, deposited by mischievous 
 ones, sometimes indicated. A tin horn served the 
 purpose of a bell to summon the worshipers to the 
 sanctuary. Two services were held, morning and 
 afternoon, with an hour's intermission, when the 
 refreshments brought by those coming from a dis- 
 tance were partaken of. There was no organ or in- 
 strument of any kind, nor even a choir. A simple 
 chorister or leader, called in Dutch voorzanger, led, 
 but not monopolized, the singing, standing in front of 
 the pulpit, the entire congregation joining therein. 
 
 After Mr. Van Bunschooten's labors as pastor in 
 the churches here ceased, the parsonage owned by 
 the three churches was sold and the proceeds divided 
 among them. The portion coming to this church 
 was $442.20, and was paid to them May 1, 1800. This 
 was called the "Parsonage Fund," and by the accu- 
 mulation of interest had increased by Sept. 22, 1827, 
 to $997.80. It was used from time to time in repairs 
 upon the church and other ways, but chiefly in the 
 erection of the new church edifice in 1833, $849.47 
 having been appropriated to this purpose at different 
 times. 
 
720 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTS, NEW YORK. 
 
 After the labors of Mr. Van Bunschooten as pastor 
 here ceased, the church remained vacant until in the 
 winter of 1803 and 1804, when the Rev. John Dema- 
 rest became their fourth pastor. In the interim tliey 
 had occasional supplies. He was the first minister 
 here whose services were wholly in the English lan- 
 guage. He was born at New Bridge, N. J., three 
 miles from Hackensack, in 1763. He received his 
 literary education at Hackensack Academy, under 
 the rectorship of Dr. Wilson, studied theology with 
 Dr. Solomon Froeligh at Schraalenberg, and was li- 
 censed to preach in 1789. His first settlement was 
 over the united churches of Boght and Niskayuna, 
 from 1790 to 1803. He died in New York City in 
 1837. He had two sons, both of whom entered the 
 ministry. One (William) united with the True Re- 
 formed Dutch Church and was for many years settled 
 in New York City, where he died about three years 
 ago. The other, Rev. James Demarest, was connected 
 with the Classis of Orange as pastor of the church at 
 Napanoch from 1841 to 1848, and is still connected 
 with the denomination, residing at Newark, N. J., 
 without charge. A grandson. Rev. James Demarest, 
 Jr., D.D. (son of Rev. Jas. Demarest), is the present 
 pastor of the Second Reformed Church in Kingston. 
 
 Upon Mr. Demarest's departure the church was 
 left without a pastor for ten years. During the va- 
 cancy reading meetings were held, Jacobus Swartwout 
 conducting the service. 
 
 Rev. Cornelius C. Elting was the fifth pastor of this 
 church, he having accepted a call from it in connec- 
 tion witli Minisink, dated Nov. 16, 1816, and being 
 ordained and installed Jan. 25, 1817. Mr. Elting was 
 of Huguenot descent, and was born at Hurley, Ulster 
 Co., N. Y., March 25, 1793, and studied with his 
 brother, Rev. Wilhelmus Elting, before entering 
 Queen's College at New Brunswick, where he was 
 graduated in October, 1812. His theological course 
 was {pursued in the seminary at New Brunswick, and 
 he was licensed by the Classis of New Brunswick 
 May 30, 1816. He preached a short time after his 
 licensure at Pleasant Plains, Duchess Co., previous to 
 bis coming here. Mr. Elting continued to preach at 
 Minisink, in connection with this church, for twenty- 
 one years, until Jan. 30, 1838, when his labors were 
 confined to this church and congregation, which since 
 then have enjoyed the exclusive services of their own 
 minister. 
 
 The ministry of Mr. Elting proved highly benefi- 
 cial to the church. He entered upon his labors under 
 most favorable circumstances. A revival had been in 
 progress for some time, and uumerous conversions had 
 taken place. The work continued some months after 
 his settlement. At the first communion, only one 
 month after his installation, 37 persons united with 
 this church upon confession, and at the next one, 
 three months later, 50 were admitted in the same 
 manner, the largest number ever received at a single 
 communion during its whole history. The entire 
 
 number received in this first year of his ministry 
 was 117, and all upon profession of their faith. He 
 continued his useful labors here for twenty-six years 
 and ten months, when, with an eye not dimmed nor 
 his natural force abated, he entered into his rest Oct. 
 24, 1843, aged fifty years and seven months. 
 
 One or two events took place during the ministry of 
 Mr. Elting having no little bearing upon the interests 
 of the church, and hence demanding notice. One was 
 the erection of a new church edifice and the removal 
 of its site to that now occupied by it. For nearly one 
 hundred years it had been upon the same site. Car- 
 penter's Point, near which it stood, had been the place 
 of business for the surrounding country. There was 
 the mill, store, hotel, and a few dwellings, making it 
 the only hamlet in all this section. There was the 
 ferry, upon the stage-route leading from Newburgh 
 to Milford, and thence to Carbondale, Owego, and 
 Central New York, the great West of the day. All 
 this was to undergo an entire change. The Delaware 
 and Hudson Canal had been constructed, and Port 
 Jervis began to show its head. It was evident to dis- 
 cerning ones that this was henceforth to be the centre 
 of business, and Carpenter's Point must modestly re- 
 tire. The pastor of the church was far-seeing enough 
 to perceive that a change of location would promote 
 its prosperity, and he became a warm advocate of the 
 measure and its largest contributor. The project met 
 with no little opposition from some east of the Never- 
 sink and in New Jersey, but not enough to defeat it. 
 A site was given by the Delaware and Hudson Canal 
 Company, who have acted with much generosity in 
 such matters along their line. 
 
 At the time of the erection of this building there 
 were not more than a dozen and a half dwellings 
 within the present limits of Port Jervis, with a popu- 
 lation scarcely reaching one hundred. There was 
 but one organized church, one small school-house, 
 one physician, two stores, no lawyers, no newspapers 
 or printing-presses, not a single bank, railway, or any 
 of the numerous places of business now found. A 
 trip to the city was a fatiguing, wearisome journey by 
 stage and steamboat, occupying in going and return- 
 ing three or four days and made only at long intervals. 
 
 A few years after the erection of the new church, 
 its corporate name was changed from the Reformed 
 Dutch Church of Mahackamech to the Reformed 
 Protestant Dutch Church of Deerpark, by applica- 
 tion to the Legislature. This was done in 1838. 
 
 During the ministry of Mr. Elting Sabbath-schools 
 were introduced in the church, which are now re- 
 garded as indispensable to its prosperity. From its 
 first organization, the religious instruction of the 
 children and youth had been attended to by the 
 parent or head of the family, who, upon Sabbath 
 evening usually, gathered the household together and 
 catechised them, or by the pastor in Bible and cate- 
 chetical classes, held generally on the afternoon of 
 some week-day in the school-house, when the teacher 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 721 
 
 would give place for an hour or two to exercises of 
 this nature. The American Sunday-School Union 
 had been organized in 1824, and its agents were em- 
 ployed in organizing schools wherever an opening 
 was found. In 1829 the first school was formed here 
 by Mr. Wood, an agent of the American Sunday- 
 School Union, the Rev. Mr. Elting being chosen as 
 its superintendent.* Having the charge of two con- 
 gregations, he was necessarily ab.sent half of the time, 
 and hence unable to discharge its duties, and soon 
 resigned, his successor being Solomon Van Auken. 
 For twenty years the school was in operation only 
 during the summer season, but in 1849 it was re.solved 
 to keep it open during the entire year. 
 
 Thomas White deserves a notice in this history be- 
 cause of a bequest made by him to the church, which 
 brings him before it (when its provisions are complied 
 with) once in each year. Mr. White was a native of 
 England, to which country he was strongly attached. 
 He was well educated, not only in English, but in 
 Latin and Greek, with some knowledge of French. 
 He had likewise learned the trade of making ropes, 
 since in that day every young man in his country, 
 even the king's son, was obliged to learn some trade. 
 He was exceedingly studious and industrious, and 
 when not engaged in teaching would be occupied 
 either in study or with his trade. He came to Peen- 
 pack from the cast side of the mountain in the 
 autumn of 1776 as a school-teacher, and lived in the 
 house with the father of Peter E. Gumaer, Esq., and 
 taught school therein during the greater part of the 
 Revolutionary war, — the first well-educated teacher in 
 the valley. After closing his services in the valley as 
 school-teacher (which in the estimation of Esquire 
 Gumaer were of immense value) he removed to the 
 neighborhood of his former residence near Mount 
 Hope, where he died in 1807. Mr. White was a firm 
 believer in the Christian religion and in its funda- 
 mental doctrines, and by his will directed that ten 
 dollars should be paid yearly to each of four churches 
 for a sermon to be preached upon one of four specified 
 subjects in each church on a certain designated Sab- 
 bath in every year forever. The money for this pur- 
 pose was to be in the hands of the supervisors of the 
 towns of Wallkill and Deerpark, who were to see that 
 the requirements of the will were complied with, and 
 to pay the amount yearly to each church. In May, 
 1827, the supervisor of the town of Deerpark, Peter 
 E. Gumaer, instead of the yearly payment of ten 
 dollars to the church, according to the strict letter of 
 the will, paid over to the Consistory f 150, the interest 
 of which has been approjjriated to this object. A 
 like sum was paid to each of the other three churches, 
 thus relieving the supervisors from further responsi- 
 bility and care in the matter. 
 
 The sixth pastor was Rev. George P. Van Wyck, 
 
 * The first Sabbatli-sclioul library was given to it at this tioie, by Jolin 
 B. Jervis, Esq. 
 
 who was settled four months after the death of Mr. 
 Elting. He was born in Bloomingburgh, N. Y., pur- 
 sued his academical studies at Bloomingburgh and 
 Montgomery, was graduated from Rutgers College in 
 1840, studied theology at New Brunswick, and was 
 licensed by the Classis of Orange Aug. 1, 1843. He 
 was ordained in the ministry and installed pastor of 
 this church Feb. 29, 1844, the ordination sermon being 
 preached by Rev. R. Pitts. He remained in charge 
 here until May 19, 1852, when he was dismissed to 
 take charge of a Presbyterian congregation in Berlin, 
 Md., and was subsequently settled at Gettysburg and 
 at Chester, Pa. Upon the breaking out of the late war 
 he entered the army as chaplain, and at its close was 
 appointed chaplain in the United States army, having 
 been stationed for the last few years at Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Rev. Hiram Slauson became the seventh pastor, 
 and was installed Feb. 22, 1853, the Rev. Dr. M. N. 
 McLaren preaching at his installation. Mr. Slauson 
 was graduated at Union College in 1837, and previous 
 to his coming here was settled at Northumberland, 
 Saratoga Co., N. Y., from 1844 to 1852. He continued 
 in charge of the church here until October, 1857, 
 when his connection with it was dissolved, he having 
 accepted the call from the Congregational Church 
 at Unionville, Conn. During Mr. Slauson's ministry 
 a parsonage was purchased by the congregation at a 
 cost of $2000, the first one owned by them exclusively. 
 In the second year of his pastorate the church edifice 
 was enlarged and greatly improved, the interior re- 
 modeled, the pulpit, which had stood by the door, 
 placed at the opposite end of the building and the 
 seats reversed, the whole costing about $2500. 
 
 After Mr. Slauson left the church was vacant four 
 months, when the eighth pastor. Rev. Samuel W. 
 Mills, was settled. His call was dated Dec. 16, 1857, 
 and his installation took place Feb. 22, 1858, the in- 
 stallation sermon being preached by Rev. Dr. M. N. 
 McLaren. His academical studies were prosecuted 
 at Bloomingburgh and Montgomery, graduating from 
 Rutgers College in 1838, and from the theological 
 seminary at New Brunswick in 1842. He was li- 
 censed by the Classis of New Brunswick July 25th of 
 the same year, and in October commenced preach- 
 ing in the Reformed Dutch church at Blooming- 
 burgh, where he was ordained and installed May 30, 
 1843, remaining there as pastor for fifteen years, until 
 accepting the call here. His services as pastor of this 
 church closed on the second Sabbath in November, 
 1871, but were continued in supply of the pulpit until 
 the settlement of his successor. 
 
 In the winter and spring of 1868 an extensive work 
 of grace was wrought in the church and congregation 
 as well as in the place generally. In point of num- 
 bers received into the church, in the genuineness of 
 the work, and in the character and influence of the 
 converts, it was the most extensive revival in the 
 church since 1833. The number received upon con- 
 fession at a single communion as the result of this 
 
722 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 work was 38. The entire number received during 
 this pastorate was 249. 
 
 The increase of the congregation had been such for 
 a few years, owing to the continuous gro^vth of the 
 village, that the church edifice was too small for the 
 worshipers. It was found, too, that any enlargement 
 
 Rutgers College. The building was erected under 
 the superintendence of that .skillful architect I. G. 
 Perry, of Binghamton, N. Y., and was dedicated 
 Jan. 19, 1870, the Rev. Dr. DeWitt, of the theological 
 seminary at Xew Brunswick, preaching the dedica- 
 tion sermon. The cost of the building proper was 
 
 of the Iniilding then in use would be either impracti- ' 
 cable or attended with so much expense a.s to be un- 
 advisable. The result was the erection of the present 
 commodious and attractive edifice in 1868 and 1869. 
 The corner-stone was laid Aug. 18, 1868, when ad- 
 dresses were delivered by Rev. Dr. Van Zandt, of 
 Montgomery, and Rev. Dr. Campbell, president of ^ 
 
 DEERrAr.K. 
 
 $38,287.45, and of the furnishing, including furnaces, 
 gas-fixtures, carpets, uisholstering, etc., $5383.65, 
 making in all $43,668.10. This entire sum was pro- 
 vided for before the day of dedication. At the same 
 time an organ was presented to the church by Mr. H. 
 H. Farnum. 
 Jan. 11, 1872, the Consistory made a call upon Rev. 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 723 
 
 Samuel J. Rogers, who became the ninth pastor, and 
 entered upon his pastoral services Feb. 16, 1872, and 
 was installed on April 2d, the Rev. S. W. Mills 
 preaching at his installation. Mr. Rogers was edu- 
 cated at New Brunswick, graduating from Rutgers 
 College in 1859, and from the theological seminary in 
 1862. He remained the pastor of this church until the 
 second Sabbath in May, 1876. Upon leaving here he 
 accepted a call from the Reformed Church in Fort 
 Plain, N. Y. During his ministry here an extensive 
 religious interest existed in the congregation, in the 
 winter of 1875 and 1876, when 39 persons were added 
 to the church upon confession at one communion. 
 The number received during his pastorate was 93. 
 
 After the departure of Mr. Rogers the pulpit was 
 supplied by various ministers, liut chiefly by the Rev. 
 Abraham Thompson, who, during a period of over 
 three months, preached to the congregation to their 
 general acceptance and profit. Nov. 17, 1876, the 
 Consistory extended a call to Rev. Henry M. Voor- 
 hees, the tenth pastor, who commenced his pastoral 
 services in March, 1877, and was installed May 10th 
 of the same year, the Rev. L. L. Comfort preaching 
 the installation sermon. 
 
 During this pastorate a debt of $10,000 (incurred 
 chiefly by exchange of parsonage at the time of erect- 
 ing the new church and by improvements connected 
 therewith, and in putting an iron fence in front of the 
 church) was reduced to S2000, and a beautiful chapel 
 added, supplying a want long felt. 
 
 During the past twenty years the contributions of 
 this church to objects of benevolence, as reported to 
 General Synod, have amounted to $20,671.66, or an 
 average of a little over $1000 per year.* 
 
 Rev. Mr. Voorhees resigned his charge by reason 
 of ill health on December, 1878, and the eleventh 
 pastor. Rev. Goyn Talmage, was installed June 17, 
 1879. 
 
 There appears to be no record of the names of the 
 constituent members who formed the church in 1737, 
 as they are not given either in the above historical 
 address, nor in the translation of the records made a 
 few years since by Rev. J. B. Ten Eyck, and pub- 
 lished by W. H. Nearpass.t The present Consistory 
 (1880) comprises four elders, J. P. Muir, Thomas J. 
 Bonnell, William H. Nearpass, and D. L. Mapes; 
 and deacons, Darius Rhodes, C. F. Van Inwegen, E. 
 M. Gardon. The present clerk is D. S. Mapes. Two 
 Sunday-schools are maintained, — the main one in the 
 chapel, the other at Carpenter's Point. 
 
 * During this same period 89:J,348 Iiuve been given for congregational 
 purposes, viz.: minister's salary, incidental expenses, erection of aud 
 repairs to church edifices, etc. Of tlie amount contributed previously 
 for either benevolent or congregational purposes little is Itnowu, as no 
 account of tliem has been Itept by church officers and no report made to 
 General Synod. Reports of collections for benevolen t objects by churches 
 were first made in 1853, and for congregational purposes in 1858, but 
 only by a part of the cliurches for some years. 
 
 t Mr. Nearpass, besides being the publisher, translated a portion of 
 the old records himself. 
 
 THE FLRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OP PORT 
 JERVIS 
 executed a certificate of incorporation July 15, 1851. 
 The proceedings were signed by E. A. Beckwith and 
 Henry Caskey. The trustees chosen were Samuel B. 
 Farnum, Francis I. Marvin, Theodore Barculo, Mor- 
 timer S. Brown, John M. Rowley, and Henry Cox. 
 The following additional particulars are furnished by 
 the pastor: 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Port Jervis was 
 organized by the Presbytery of Hudson, June 2, 1851. 
 There were 31 memliers enrolled as charter members 
 of the church. A goodly number at this time. At 
 this date, 1880, one of the original elders remains, 
 Mr. William S. Cort, and one private member, Mrs. 
 Susan Beckwith. Rev. Augustus Seward was the first 
 pastor, who was largely instrumental in making the 
 enterprise a success, and who served tlie church about 
 eight years. Of the original board of trustees one still 
 survives, and still has his place in the church, Mr. S. 
 B. Farnum. A building was erected within a year, cost- 
 ing then about 15000, and was dedicated to Almighty 
 God during the holidays of 1852-53, Rev. Asa D. 
 Smith, D.D., of New York City, preaching the sermon. 
 
 The original Session were Ephraim A. Beckwith, 
 Henry Caskey, William S. Cook, Ira Dales, M.D. 
 The board of trustees were John M. Rowley, Francis 
 I. Marvin, Samuel B. Farnum, Henry A. Cox, Theo- 
 dore Barculo, Mortimer S. Brown. 
 
 The pastors have been Augustus Seward, about 
 eight years ; James T. Mathews, a supply, six months ; 
 Livingston Willard, installed in August, 1860, — serv- 
 ing about a year. In 1862, Rev. E. R. Fairchild, of 
 the Presbytery of Hudson, took charge of the church, 
 and served it as supply nearly five years. In March, 
 1867, Rev. A. P. Botsford, of the Presbytery of New 
 York, was called, and installed in June following. He 
 remains the pastor at this time, — September, 1880. 
 
 The present Bench of Elders consists of William 
 S. Cook, Charles Marvin, Charles Buckley, T. F. Cor- 
 win, James Mitchell. The present pastor is Rev. A. 
 Botsford ; Superintendent of Sabbath-school, R. W. 
 Ware; Board of Trustees, Robert Frampton, presi- 
 dent; (ieorge Hoagland, secretary; R. W. Ware, 
 treasurer; James Robertson, collector; William Mc- 
 Cormack, O. P. Johnson, Albert Stoll, John Caskey, 
 Robert Hickok. 
 
 The members added to the church during the first 
 pastorate — that of Rev. Augustus Seward — were 109. 
 Those dismissed were 42 ; those deceased, 7 ; leaving 
 a membership of about 100. The roll remained the 
 same until 1862, when, under the labors of Rev. E. N. 
 Fairchild, D.D., 127 were added to the church. During 
 the present ]>a.storate, running over a period of thir- 
 teen years, that of Rev. A. P. Botsford, the church 
 building has been enlarged and remodeled, and re- 
 furnished, a fine $3000 organ provided, a parsonage 
 bought, at an expense of about $15,000. Besides this, 
 the church has contributed for benevolence in the last 
 
724 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 ten years $6000, and for congregational purposes 
 about §40,000. During this pastorate there liavebeen 
 hirge ing.atherings of members on three different occa- 
 sions, — March 1st there were added 50 persons; in 
 December, 1875, and March, 1876, 72 new members 
 were enrolled. In the thirteen years closing April, 
 1880, .328 new members have been added. The pres- 
 ent number on the roll, 325; Sabbath-school scholars, 
 200. The church has no debt upon it, and its income 
 fiiUy meets its expenses. 
 
 THE SEPARATE AMERICAN METHODIST CHURCH 
 OF PORT JERVIS 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation May 9, 1870, 
 and the following board of trustees were sivorn to exe- 
 cute their office to the licst of their abi/it;/, viz. : Jloses 
 O. Brierson, Henry Wills, Francis Lawrence, Francis 
 James, and Edwin Van Horn. This church, now 
 called the Little Wesley chapel, was founded in 1852 
 by a preacher belonging to the Separate Methodist 
 Congregational Church, which had its origin in the 
 city of Philadelphia, by the name of G. W. Harden. 
 Mr. Harden began to preach among the colored peo- 
 ple of Port Jervis in tlie beginning of 1852, and con- 
 tinued his labors there until the spring of 1853, when 
 a society was organized consisting of nine or ten 
 members, and most of them resided in log houses 
 quite remote from the village. The meetings were 
 mostly held in private houses for some time, but as 
 the number of the members continued to increase, 
 and as the colored population in the place became 
 more numerous every year, the worship in private 
 houses became more impracticable, and therefore ef- 
 forts began to be made in the year 1857 or 1858 to 
 purchase a lot on which a house of worship might be 
 erected, but nothing was accomplished in the matter 
 until the year 1868, when a small plot of ground was 
 purchased of Mrs. Scott, near the Delaware and Hud- 
 son Canal, where the church now stands, on which a 
 building was partially erected in the fell and winter 
 of that year. 
 
 THE SPARROWBUSH UNION FREE CHURCH, TOWN 
 OF DEERPARK, 
 
 effected a legal organization May 31, 1871. The as- 
 sociated incorporators signing the certificate were 
 Jonathan West, John R. Patterson, Robert Lewis, 
 John J. Bross, J. C. West, William J. Darragh, and 
 William Lewis. Religious services have been held in 
 the house erected usually every Sunday from the in- 
 corporation to the present time. At the present time 
 the meetings are under the management of the Meth- 
 odist Church. 
 
 GRACE CHURCH OF PORT JERVIS (EPISCOPAL) 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Sept. 5, 1853. 
 The proceedings were signed by Samuel Fowler 
 and Win. Mills. The wardens chosen were Uriah 
 Mills and Samuel Fowler; the vestrymen were Thomas 
 
 J. Lyon, L. Tooker, John P. Fowler, A. Hoffman, A. 
 Turner, B. S. Hall, Elias Lafarge, T. N. Coleman. 
 
 The meeting was held at the Presbyterian church, 
 where the Episcopalians were then worshiping. 
 
 The next spring, April 27, 1854, the society deemed 
 it best to record a new article of incorporation, in which 
 appear the names of Thomas J. Lyon, Elias Lafarge, 
 Charles B. Hornby, Samuel Fowler, Uri Mills, Alex- 
 ander Turner, Thomas J. Lye, Thomas Walsh, John 
 P. Fowler, Benjamin Hall, Thomas X. Coleman, A. 
 Kophman. 
 
 The following article, furnished by the officers of 
 the church, gives additional particulars: 
 
 The parish of Grace Church has little of historical 
 incident to interest the public. The missionary effort 
 which was made at this place some twenty years ago, 
 after a series of reverses, w.as wholly abandoned, and 
 of the communicants all but some half a dozen were 
 scattered or removed to other places. In the year 1867 
 the clergy of the several parishes of the Episcopal 
 Church in the county formed a missionary association 
 under the name of " The Convention of Orange 
 County." Several mendiers of the convention soon 
 after visited Port Jervis, and after consultation with 
 two or three of the communicants still resident in the 
 village, determined to employ a clergyman and to 
 begin the missionary work afresh in this beautiful and 
 growing village. The few remaining communicants 
 and friends of the church cordially welcomed the pro- 
 ject of renewing tlie missionary work. The Rev. .lohn 
 Appleton was invited to the post, and in the autumn 
 of 1867 entered upon his duties as missionary. West- 
 brook Hall was rented, and services were held in it for 
 some four years. In the mean time the members of 
 the parish bought of Mr. Henry Farnum a lot on 
 which to erect a church, and for which they agreed to 
 pay $2,500. In the .spring of 1871 the Rev. Mr. Ap- 
 pleton was compelled, by the loss of his health, to 
 resign his charge of the mission. 
 
 The Rev. F. N. Luson was then called, and entered 
 soon after upon the work. Mr. Luson succeeded at 
 once in enlisting the hearty co-operation of both the 
 ladies and gentlemen of the parish in the endeavor to 
 build a church, and by dint of the most untiring and 
 persistent eftbrt on the part of the rector and his zeal- 
 ous helpers, both male and female, in the face of many 
 difliculties and discouragements, in about four years 
 the present church edifice was completed, at a cost of 
 some $16,000. At the close of the year 1874 the Rev. 
 Mr. Luson resigned his charge of the parish and 
 removed to the diocese of Illinois, and on the 1st of 
 February, 1875, the Rev. J. G. Rosencrantz, an assist- 
 ant minister of St. James' Church, Brooklyn, L. I., 
 was called, and entered upon the rectorship of the 
 parish. With unabated zeal the little company of 
 faithful workers entered afresh with their new rector 
 upon their task, and during his residence of five years 
 Mr. Rosencrantz was not only enabled to present about 
 one hundred candidates for confirmation, and to report 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 nearly a hundred persons added to the list of commu- 
 nicants, but during the time he was also permitted to 
 see the floating debt of the parish paid off and can- 
 celed. In January, 1880, Mr. Rosenerantz resigned 
 his charge and removed to Port Chester, Westchester 
 Co., N. Y., and the Rev. Alex. Capron entered on the 
 1st of February upon the rectorship. 
 
 On its roll of nearly one hundred families at the 
 present time the parish embraces some of the most 
 prominent and influential people of the village, and 
 reports between 140 and 150 communicants, and the 
 parish is therefore in the very dew and vigor of its youth, 
 and on the part of both rector and people, looking for- 
 ward hopefully and confidently to gathering many 
 souls into the fold of the Good Shepherd. 
 
 DREAV CENTENNIAL METHODIST EPISCOPAL 
 CHURCH OF PORT JERVIS. 
 
 Of the founding of this society and its early his- 
 tory the accounts are gathered from several of the 
 oldest residents of the valley yet living; and as no 
 record was kept, so far as we now know, the facts are 
 related from memory, and therefore definite dates 
 cannot always be stated. The chronological order 
 of the history may not be entirely accurate, still the 
 facts are placed in the best possible order from mem- 
 ory. During the war of 1812-14 a Mr. Hunt worked 
 at the glass-factory, situated in Pennsylvania, just 
 across the Delaware River from " Boydville" (now 
 known as "Honesville" and "Sparrowbush"), and 
 whicli was then in full operation. Mr. Hunt was a 
 Methodist preacher, and preached every Sabbath, — 
 sometimes in a grove, or at the house of John Patter- 
 son at Boydville, at Carpenter's Point, and at the 
 house of Leo Gegce, at " Gegce's Mill" (now called 
 Huguenot). Mr. Hunt was a very earnest and withal 
 an acceptable preacher, and did much good, though 
 by some considered very singular, because, while his 
 fellow-workmen in the glass-factory worked Sabbath- 
 days when the glass was at full heat for blowing, he 
 would not work on Sabbath, but spent his time in 
 preaching and otber religious duties, thereby losing 
 the pay he would have received had he worked with 
 the rest. The Methodists living in the vicinity at 
 that time were few. Among them were Joseph 
 Chattle and a Mr. Carpenter, at Carpenter's Point, 
 Leo Gegce, Polly Bingham, and Sally Hornbeck, at 
 or near Gegce's Mill, and other members of each 
 family named ; also a few others whose names are not 
 now known lived in the neighborhood. After the close 
 of the war work at the glass-house ceased. Mr. Hunt 
 removed, and we lose sight of him. Soon after he 
 left the late Rev. Bartholomew Weed moved to Mil- 
 ford to work at his trade as a blacksmith. He had 
 been licensed by the society as an exhorter in 1812. 
 He preached at Milford, Pa., and at Carpenter's 
 Point. About 1816-17 four Methodist families — 
 Heman Benedict, Timothy Bouton, Mr. Bridges, and 
 Mr. Reed — moved from Connecticut and settled near 
 
 Cahoongie. All these families were prominent and 
 earnest workers in the society. Some time about 1818 
 Mr. Cummings, the third Methodist preacher, moved 
 into the valley. He had six preaching-places, — at 
 the school-house at Gegce's Mill ; in the red school- 
 house on the Peenpack road (now known as Kingston 
 Avenue, Port Jervis i ; at the house of Martin Decker, 
 then situate near where Mr. Penny's hotel now stands, 
 or near the junction of Main and Pike Streets, Port 
 Jervis; at "Stoddard's," near Greenville; at the house 
 of Mr. Bridges, at Cahoongie ; and at the house of 
 John Patterson, at Boydville. 
 
 Mr. Cummings was very much liked by the people; 
 they came from all around the thinly-settled country 
 to hear him preach at his various appointments, and 
 especially when about to remove, he preached his 
 farewell sermon in a large barn belonging to Martin 
 Decker, and which then stood near where the resi- 
 dence of Mr. G. Malvin is now located, on Delaware 
 Street, Port Jervis. About 1820 a Mr. Hevender 
 preached in the valley, at, probably, the same places 
 as his predecessors. From that time until about 1826 
 we have very slight information of the society or its 
 workings in the valley, though they continued to 
 have preachers and held meetings, and we learn that 
 prior to 1826 they held camp-meetings at the " Camp- 
 Ground" (now known as " the Coal-Switch"), between 
 Port Jervis and Sparrowbush. In 1826, Lee & Col- 
 lins had a contract for building a section of the Dela- 
 ! ware and Hudson Canal, at the " Pine woods," near 
 I the present village, which had about that time been 
 I named "Port Jervis" in honor of J. B. Jervis, .Esq., 
 j the civil engineer on the canal. Lee and Collins were 
 both Methodist preachers, and preached at various 
 places in the valley (regularly in a large boarding- 
 ' house situated near where Mr. Charles Buckley now 
 resides). The following Methodist preachers were 
 1 stationed at or near Port Jervis between 1820 and 
 I 1838, though the order in which they are placed here 
 may not be strictly accurate : Wm. M. Bloomer, with 
 John McDougall, assistant ; Wm. Baker, aiul Vincent 
 Sheperd, assistant; Oliver Bagley, and Jonah Bis- 
 sey, assistant ; Bromwell Andrew, J. M. Tuttle and 
 Wesley C. Hudson, assistants ; Washington Thomas, 
 and Peter D. Day, John Bagley, Wm. Baker (second 
 time), Isaac Truit, Henry Maines, John W. Pierson. 
 In 1828, Stephen Best, a very earnest Christian and a 
 Methodist, had a regularly organized class under his 
 charge, with the following as some of the members : 
 Joseph Chattle and some members of his family, a 
 colored woman known as " Aunt Fillisie," and her 
 daughter ; there were several others whose names we 
 cannot learn. In 1832 a revival occurred, and John D. 
 Carpenter, with several members of his family, were 
 converted and joined the society. Mr. Carpenter at 
 once became a very active worker. He organized a 
 Sabbath-school, acting as superintendent himself, and 
 furnishing books, etc., for the school, which met first 
 at the house of his father, Benjamin Carpenter, near 
 
726 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 where Mr. C. Buckley now resides ; afterwards in a 
 building near the "Jersey line," at "the Point." 
 Mr. Carpenter soon purchased tlie tavern at " The 
 Ferry," near where the present " Suspension Bridge" 
 now stands, at Carpenter's Point, and rented it to 
 Samuel Harris, a member of the society, for a dwell- 
 ing, but reserved the bar-room, which he cleared out 
 and arranged for a place to hold meetings in, and 
 which for some time was the headquarters of the 
 society in the neighborhood. 
 
 Some time in 1832, Mr. Best removed to Butler's 
 Lock, near Mongaup, and Mr. Carpenter took charge 
 of the class. We And the numbers had largely in- 
 creased, and we find among them James Lupton and 
 his wife, Mary Mapes, Mrs. Huntsman and a sister, 
 George Rosecranse and wife, Samuel Harris and his 
 wife, Charlotte (yet living in 1880). The society 
 continued to meet in the "tavern room," in the red 
 school-house on the Peenpack road, and at various 
 dwellings until about 1888, when it had, grown so 
 large that a regular organization was made l)y the ap- 
 pointment of Stephen St. John, Simeon M. Stoddard, 
 John D. Carpenter, James Lupton, and Gilbert F. 
 Mondon as trustees for the society, then styled " The 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church of Port Jervis, 
 N. Y.," and on the 22d day of October, 1838, the 
 Delaware and Hudson Canal Company donated a lot 
 near the canal for church purposes. The society soon 
 completed a neat frame church on the lot. The late 
 John Bonker, a member of the society, worked on the 
 building, and when completed he built the first fire 
 and lighted the first candle in the new church. 
 
 At the dedication, which took place in 1838 or 1839, 
 the Rev. Mr. Kennedy, then stationed at Newburgh, 
 ofiiciated, assisted by Manning Force, Peter D. Day, 
 and a Mr. Dunning. The following ministers preached 
 for the society between 1838 and 1850 : T. J. Lyon, 
 a Mr. Smith, Wm. Burroughs, Wm. Wiggins, John 
 D. Blain, Henry Beagle, Edward P. Cook, Fletcher 
 Lummis, and Charles S. Coit. In 1850, Port Jervis 
 Methodist Episcopal Church had grown largely, and 
 was the centi'al church of the circuit, with Huguenot, 
 Honesville, Cahoongie, Mongaup, and several outside 
 appointments, where the " Port Jervis preacher held 
 meetings." 
 
 The following ministers were stationed at Port Jer- 
 vis between 1850 and 1864: Thomas H. Smith, Martin 
 Herr, Joseph R. Adams, George B. Day, T. H. Lan- 
 don, John Faull, David Walters, and John Coit. 
 Prior to 1864 the congregation had grown so large 
 that the first church would not accommodate them, 
 and a new and more convenient site was desired, as 
 the new and rapid growth of the village had left the 
 church out on one side. After several years of effort 
 the present site was purchased, and a new brick 
 church, 55 by 95 feet, with slate roof, and spire 162 feet 
 high, was projected. In 1866, when the new structure 
 was commenced, the following were the officers of the 
 church: Rev. George F. Dickinson, preacher; Trus- 
 
 tees, L. E. Elston, president; Wm. Hammond, secre- 
 tary; James R. Harrison, treasurer; Moses Macomber, 
 and Gabriel D. Corwin ; Building Committee, George 
 F. Dickinson, Henry Dutcher, Aaron Decker, Daniel 
 Romaine, and L. E. Elston ; Stewards, Lemuel E. 
 Elston, D. Romaine, John T. Burkard, (Jabriel D. 
 Corwin, Andrew J. Snyder, John Badger, and Charles 
 S. Goodale ; Recording and District Steward, L. E. 
 Elston ; Superintendent of the Sunday-school, L. E. 
 Elston. 
 
 The corner-stone for the new church was laid Nov. 
 11, 1866, with appropriate ceremonies, and the build- 
 ing was completed and dedicated March 7 and 8, 
 1868, Bishop E. S. Janes officiating, assisted by Dr. 
 L. Dashiel and other prominent ministers and lay- 
 men. The church has a fine audience-room, with 
 large Sunday-school and class-rooms. A special act 
 was passed by the Legislature March 23, 1867, chang- 
 ing the title of the society from " The First Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church of Port .Jervis" to " The Drew 
 Centennial Methodist Episcopal Church of Port Jer- 
 vis, N. Y." The following preachers have been sta- 
 tioned at Port Jervis since 1866 : George F. Dickin- 
 son, C. S. Van Cleve, John I. Morrow, Benjamin 
 Kelly, A. R. Shaw, John A. Munroe, Dr. J. T. Crane, 
 and William E. Blakeslee, the present preacher, ap- 
 pointed April, 1880. Rev. B. Kelly died at Port Jer- 
 vis in 1874, while pastor of the church; and Rev. Dr. 
 J. T. Crane died February, 1880, while pastor. The 
 church now has over 600 members, a Sabbath-school 
 of 414 scholars and 42 officers and teachers. The 
 present officers are as follows : Stewards, L. E. Elston 
 (district and recording steward), James L. Crawford, 
 Stephen S. Starr, H. W. Palmer, William Dexter 
 Stuart, Daniel Romaine, Isaac B. Smith, Job M. Snell, 
 and Jonathan Corey ; Superintendent of Sabbath- 
 school, L. E. Elston ; Trustees, George E. Cook, presi- 
 dent; A. J. Snyder, secretary; Horace Hammond, 
 treasurer; James L. Crawford, Charles Wells, A. P. 
 Macdonald, Moses W. Perry, L. D. Mathews, and 
 George H. Langton. 
 
 The church stands on the corner of Broom and 
 Sussex Streets, on Orange Square, in a position to be 
 seen from nearly all parts of the village, affording an 
 excellent location for the town clock in the tower, 
 and which was presented to the village by Mrs. Mary 
 Shorter ou her seventieth birthday, April 13, 1878. 
 
 It will be seen by the above brief sketch that, in 
 about sixty-eight years, the society has grown from 
 perhajis not over a half-dozen members in 1812 to 
 over 600 in 1880, and from the hospitable shelter of 
 some grove or dwelling to a large church property 
 worth about $50,000, and which will accommodate 
 nearly 1000 persons. 
 
 THE REFORMED CHURCH OF Cl'DDEBACKVILLE, 
 
 at a meeting held in the school-house, Nov. 26, 1853, 
 executed a certificate of incorporation. The proceed- 
 ings were signed by Hiram Slauson, Lewis Cudde- 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 727 
 
 back, and Samuel Gordon. The trustees chosen were 
 Moses Van Inwegen, William Cuddeback, William 
 C. Roe, Ezekiel K. Gumaer, Lewis Cuddeback, Wil- 
 liam Littell, and Alexander Gordon. The petition to 
 Classis for organization was dated Jan. 31, 1854, 
 and signed by forty-three persons. A committee of 
 Classis, consisting of Rev. H. Slauson, Rev.S. Searle, 
 Eev. C. D. Elting, and Elders Philip Swartwout and 
 John N. Taylor, constituted the church on the second 
 Sabbath in March, 1854. The first members were 
 William C. Rose and wife. Garret D. Sullivan and 
 wife, Adam Stickle and wife, Solomon Van Etten and 
 wife, Mrs. Esther Van Inwegen, Mrs. Margaret Hop- 
 son, :Mrs. Mary Case, Miss Margaret Cuddeback, and 
 William Littell. The first elders were William C. Rose 
 and William Littell ; Deacons, Garrett D. Sullivan, 
 Adam Stickle ; Chairman of Consistory, William C. 
 Kose ; and Clerk, William Littell. C. L. Norris has 
 been clerk and treasurer of' the congregation from the 
 formation of the church to the present time. The 
 successive ministers have been Rev. Henry Morris, 
 March 22, 1855, to Oct. 12, 1862; Rev. Egbert Winter, 
 May 11, 18tj3, to Jan. 9, 1866 ; Rev. Jeremiah L. Za- 
 briskie, March 27, 1866, to June 7, 1870 ; Rev. W. E. 
 Bogardus, Aug. 16, 1870, to March 23, 1874 ; Rev. 
 John DuBois, May 22, 1874, commenced his labors 
 June 1, and is the present pastor, November, 1880. 
 The present Consistory is composed of Stoddard Van 
 Inwegen, George W. Rhodes, Charles H. Norris, Isaac 
 Van Inwegen, elders ; F. A. Quick, William Taylor, 
 deacons. Stoddard Van Inwegen is superintendent of 
 the Sunday-school. An out-appointment is regularly 
 filled at Huguenot, and occasionally at other points. 
 The house of worship was erected at an expense of 
 in 1853, before the church was organized. 
 
 THE GERMAN LUTHERAN PROTESTANT CHURCH 
 OF PORT JERVIvS 
 
 was incorporated Jan. 1, 1861. The certificate was 
 signed by Jacob Goeby and Matthew Heoyman. The 
 trustees chosen were Michael Seegar, Matthew Heis- 
 man, John Bosh, Henry Stadermayer. The present 
 pastor furnishes the following additional particulars: 
 The First German Evangelical Lutheran (St. Peter's) 
 congregation was organized by Rev. August Schubert, 
 Sept. 18, 1859. He labored till May 26, 1860, preach- 
 ing in Brown's Hall. Members who constituted the 
 first assemblage and are yet connected with it are 
 Fred Ehrenfeuthter, M. Seeger, F. Seeger, F. Lang, 
 M. Heitzmann, J. Pfitzner, C. Wiegand. 
 
 Under the pastorate of P. J. Goetz, a church build- 
 ing was erected of frame in 1863. It is yet in a good 
 condition. On the 1st of April, 1869, P. Goetz re- 
 signed, and P. J. Bockstahler was called. In 1872 
 the present parsonage was built. 
 
 Nov. 1, 1873, P. Kuhu was called, and is still to- 
 day officiating. Every Sunday afternoon the Sun- 
 day-school is held, with an attendance of about 100 
 scholars. 
 
 Pastor, Hugo B. Kuhn ; 7 elders and trustees ; 65 
 members in good standing, and 200 communicants. 
 
 The house of worship was dedicated Oct. 12, 1862. 
 It is a plain, neat, substantial structure, standing near 
 the Delaware River. The lot was the gift of Mr. H. 
 H. Farnuni. The edifice cost $1700. 
 
 THE PORT JERVIS BAPTIST CHURCH 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation April 28, 1862. 
 The certificate was signed by Thomas Cuddeback and 
 John W. Decker. The trustees named were Peter 
 Mulhearn, John W. Decker, Thomas Montanye, 
 Charles B. Gray, and Thomas Cuddeback. The 
 church dates back many years earlier than the date 
 above given. It was organized November, 1838, by 
 a Council convened in the Dutch Reformed church. 
 The following is a list of the constituent members : 
 Gilbert F. Mondon, Nehemiah L. Mondon, Samuel 
 Patterson, David Decker, Joseph Gibson, Catharine 
 S. Mondon, Nancy I. Pierson, Pamelia Birdsall, 
 Catharine Malcolm, Mary Ellen Mondon, Lydia 
 Gumaer, Jane Rhodes, Elizabeth Thompson, Jane 
 Gumaer, Jane Beebe, Sally Decker. 
 
 The first deacons of the church were G. F. Mondon, 
 D. Decker. The first house of worship was built on 
 the banks of the canal, on ground given by the Dela- 
 ware and Hudson Canal Company. This having be- 
 come too small, the present structure was erected on 
 Pike Street in 1868. The first pastoral service was 
 rendered by Rev. William H. Turton. 
 
 The following is a list of pastors and their terms of 
 service: W. H. Turton, 1838-39; Samuel Barrett, 
 1839-42; David Bennet, 1843^5; D. F. Leach, 1845- 
 50; J. E. Reynolds, 1850-51; Isaac Lawton, 1851- 
 
 52; R. Bently, 1852-53; Hancock, 1853-54; 
 
 A. K. Perkins, 1854-55; Zelotes Grenell, 1855-61; 
 William I. Gill, 1862-64 ; C. I. Thompson, 1864^65 ; 
 H. S. Loyd, 1865-69; T. J. B. House, 1869-70; Wil- 
 liam Mckinney, 1871-80 ; Alex. MacArthur, 1880. 
 
 The organization at present consists of 250 mem- 
 bers. Names of ofiicers are as follows : Pastor, Rev. 
 Alexander JIacArthur; Deacons, Horace K. Stewart, 
 Jeremiah Mead, Nehemiah L. Mondon, Augustus W. 
 Balch, Cornelius G. Lockwood ; Treasurer, A. W. 
 Balch ; Clerk, N. L. Mondon ; Trustees, Mortimer 
 Crawford, Augustus W. Balch, James Springsteen, 
 William Sheppard, Cornelius G. Lockwood. 
 
 The Sunday-school is under the vigorous superin- 
 tendeucy of C. G. Lockwood. 
 
 THE CHI RCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION 
 (CATHOLIC) 
 
 of Port Jervis was incorporated Jan. 10, 1860. The 
 certificate was signed by Francis D. Murphy and 
 Dominick Cunift". The trustees named therein were 
 Hugh McGovern, Peter Higgins, and James Cree- 
 ganas. 
 
 This church filed a second certificate of incorpora- 
 tion May 16, 1869, and the trustees named therein 
 
728 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 were Eev. John McCloskey, archbishop ; Rev. Win. 
 Starr, vicar-general ; Rev. James Nilan, pastor; and 
 two laymen, Peter Higgins, Peter Gillem. The suc- 
 cessive pastors of this church have been Rev. Fathers 
 Briardy, R. R. Brcnnan, Rev. James Nilan, and the 
 present pastor is Rev. E. J. Flynn ; the assistant pas- 
 tor. Rev. Father Sally. The first regular house of 
 worship was erected under Father Briardy's labors. 
 It stood on the site of the present edifice, the corner- 
 stone of which was laid July 5, 1869. A parchment 
 was placed in the corner-.stone bearing the following 
 record : 
 
 "To God Almighty iu ttie year of our Lord 1869, on tlie fifth day of 
 the month of July, the ninety-third anniversary of American Independ- 
 ence, heing celehrjited with due honor in the twenty-third year of the 
 Pontificate of Pope Pius IX., Host Rev. John 5IcCIoskey, D.D., Arch- 
 bishop of New York ; Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States; j 
 John T. H.>ffnmn, Governor of the State of New York, this corner-stone 
 of a church being erected in honor of Almighty God under the title of 
 the Virgin Mary conceived without sin, patroness of this Republic, 
 Rev. E. McGIynn, D.D., being the orator of the occasion, was blessed and 
 laid by Rev. James Nilan, Pastor." 
 
 The church is 13.3 by 65 feet ; two spires 100 and 
 180 feet high. Mr. Perry was the architect. The ■ 
 building committee were Domine Cunningham, James 
 Creegan, Peter Higgins, Andrew Cuff, Daniel Young, i 
 The mason-work was done by Patrick Herbert, of 
 Newburgh, for $39,400 ; the carpenter-work by S. W. 
 Hotchkiss, of Port Jervis, for $16,200. 
 
 For the old church ground was broken June 18, ' 
 1854, and the edifice was completed in 18.55. The 
 style of the architecture was Gothic. The dimensions 
 were 55 feet front and 83 deep. It had a tower, and 
 was altogether a handsome edifice. It was burned i 
 during the Christmas festivities of 186.S. 
 
 Rev. E. J. Flynn. — The present pasu.r of the 
 Church of the Immaculate Conception, Rev. E. J. 
 Flynn, was born in the parish of St. Stephen's, Xew 
 York City, in 1846. The Rev. Dr. Cummings, recog- 
 nizing in the young man indications of a divine voca- 
 tion to the priesthood, advised his youthful friend to 
 enter college and perfect himself in a course of class- 
 ical study. After a short study of the Latin lan- 
 guage he was sent to the college of the Propaganda 
 at Rome. Under the careful guidance of the vener- 
 able Father Smith of the Urban College, who dis- 
 covered iu his American student a career of future 
 usefulness, directed with much interest his theological 
 studies, and in 1871 Father Flynn was ordained a 
 priest. His first mission was at St. Stephen's, where 
 in early youth he had ofliciated as an altar boy. For 
 two years he labored under the instruction and guid- 
 ance of Rev. Father McGlynn, and in 1873 was as- 
 signed the assistant pastorate of St. Andrew's. There 
 he also labored faithfully, giving much of his time to 
 the instruction of the young Italians who resided in 
 the parish. 
 
 His nest field was that of St. There-sa, where he be- 
 came endeared to the people by his kindness to the 
 poor and his unremitting attentions to the sick and 
 dying. On his retirement from this parish, a valua- 
 
 ble testimonial was presented him by the members as 
 an expression of their personal regard. 
 
 Father Flynn became the pastor of the Church of 
 the Immaculate Conception, Port Jervis, in Novem- 
 
 ^' -€ 
 
 l-^- 0cil^i2^-€i^ ^ ^ 
 
 ber, 1877. On his arrival a burdensome debt of 
 $59,000 had oppressed the congregation, to the liqui- 
 dation of which he at once devoted himself. Through 
 his untiring zeal, in the space of two years the sum 
 of $20,635 had been paid, and the dimensions of the 
 parish considerably enlarged. A decided spiritual 
 growth was also evinced within its borders. The 
 church property was soon alter improved, the amount 
 of $.3000 having been expended for the purpose. 
 
 Father Fljnn, while an exemplary and laborious 
 pastor, has found time to devote to the interests of the 
 community of which he is a member. He has estab- 
 lished a reputation as a public-spirited citizen, ever 
 ready by word and deed to assist in the development 
 of projects having for their aim the welfare of the 
 city and the good of its inhabitants. This has made 
 him deservedly popular with all classes, irrespective of 
 creed, and placed his name upon the roll of represen- 
 tative citizens of Port Jervis, his present home. 
 
 VIII.-BUKIAL-PLACES. 
 
 THE OLD Gl'MAER GRAVEYARD 
 
 is the first one to note in order of time. Indeed, there 
 
 can be none in the county where burials took place 
 
 earlier, unless it be in the vicinity of Plum Point, on 
 
DEEKPARK. 
 
 729 
 
 the Hudson. If the Cuddeback settlement was not 
 quite as early as claimed, yet there is ample proof that 
 the usual accounts are not far from correct. 
 
 If the descendants of those pioneers will careftilly 
 examine the old burial-place, remove the gathered 
 mass of leaves, and trace the dim inscriptions upon 
 the old field-stone, some of them doubtless covered up 
 entirely, it is very possible that still earlier dates can 
 be obtained than those given below, which were 
 secured by only an hour's examination. 
 
 " 1717" 
 X I I" 
 
 On the reverse of the same stone we find 
 
 "1713 H D." 
 
 " M X V I 
 
 A 11 1802" 
 
 " Hildah Decker 
 
 Wife of Jacob I>. Guniaer 
 
 June IS" 1819" 
 
 " Ano 1720 
 DE 16 JULEY 
 IS B GRAVE SI 
 BENJAMIN TEOVOO" 
 
 "Sn V» 
 
 Nov 12 
 
 1799" 
 
 '* PETEB GUMAER 
 
 " Progenitor of tlie Gumaere 
 who originated in tlie 
 present town of Deerpark 
 died 1739 aged 73 
 
 '* Far from iiis native land lie fled 
 And here was made Iiis earthly bed 
 The sweets of life our natures crave 
 From France he fled his life to save 
 
 When persecution stained the land 
 Under Louis XIV command 
 He and companion Caudebeck 
 Escaped that horrid cruel wreck 
 
 " Deerpark A D 1856 
 
 "P E G" 
 " Peter Gnmaer 
 " Son of Peter died A D 1779 
 aged 71 years 
 
 "Fortunate for him and neighbors 
 Were the results of his laboi-s 
 In erecting his residence 
 Which became a house of defence; 
 And with two fortifications 
 Served for two generations 
 To protect from Indian warfare 
 Those who to the same did repair; 
 Two wars French and revolution 
 Did each cause Indian intrusion. 
 
 * " Deerpark, 1856 
 
 "PEG" 
 "My glass is run 
 
 Ezekiel Gumaer 
 
 Died May 17 1823 
 
 aged 81" 
 
 " Naomi wife of 
 Ezekiel Gumaer 
 Died May 17 1823 
 aged 84" 
 
 * These two are modern stones, erected by I 
 at graves marked by older monuments. 
 47 
 
 iter E. Gumaer, — doubtlei 
 
 " Jacobus Swartwout 
 Dec 7 1840 
 aged 90" 
 
 " Peter Swartwout 
 
 March 19 1817 
 
 aged 51" 
 
 " Abraham Cuddeback 
 Died Aug 23 1817" 
 
 " P Cuddeback 
 Died Oct 1811" 
 
 At the place known as Paradise, on the borders of 
 Sullivan County, there is a burial-ground, in the Case 
 and Decker neighborhood. At Sparrowbush there is 
 a burial-place located north of the village. 
 
 THE OLD BURIAL-PLACE OF PORT JERVIS. 
 
 This is the one historic graveyard of the southern 
 section of the town, and deserves better care than it 
 appears to be receiving. Its broken fences, its ne- 
 glected grounds, cut to pieces by private driveways 
 over a part of it, its fallen stones, all tell a story of 
 neglect unworthy of the place, and unworthy of an 
 age when money is freely lavished upon the new 
 cemeteries. 
 
 Among its broken stones may be traced some early 
 dates, as 1758, 1766. In some of the almost illegible 
 records there may be the date of birth. The following 
 are more clear : 
 
 " Died in the year 1789 August 20 S Deso\n" 
 " 1762 
 Sarah Caskey departed this life 
 July the 27'l' 1796" 
 
 The first date is that of birth. 
 
 " April 1 1860 
 Jacob Nearpass died aged 90 years." • 
 
 This yard is located on Main Street ne.xt to the 
 Catholic cemetery. North of the burial-place stood 
 the old Reformed church, towards the residence of 
 Charles F. Van Invvegen. The burials undoubtedly 
 date back many years before the Revolution. 
 
 LAUREL GROVE CEMETERY. 
 
 This occupies the extreme southeastern part of the 
 corporation, being the point of land between the 
 Neversink and the Delaware Rivers. It consists of 
 about thirty acres. A marked peculiarity of this 
 cemetery is its exclusive use of evergreens for adorn- 
 ment, both in the saving of the original forest-trees 
 and in the setting out and cultivation of others. In- 
 deed, upon the cemetery grounds (not including the 
 banks of the streams) there are only two deciduous 
 trees left, and it is intended to remove these. In the 
 more closely cultivated portions there are some fine 
 specimens of trimming in peculiar forms, attracting 
 the special attention of visitors. 
 
 The name Laurel Grove is a[)propriate from the 
 original thick, tangled growth of rhododendrons and 
 a small species of laurel that covered the tract. In 
 some parts this has not yet been cut away entirely. 
 The cemetery was founded in 1856 by John Conkling, 
 
730 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 who was the owner of the ground. He devoted the 
 same to burial purposes very much upon his own re- 
 sponsibility, though a legal organization was effected, 
 and a joint arrangement made between him and the 
 board of trustees with reference to the sale of lots. It 
 has remained under his management from that time 
 to the present. There are now many valuable lots 
 handsomely arranged and adorned with fine monu- 
 ments. In walks and driveways it is all that can be 
 desired. It will doubtless form the principal burial- 
 place of the future for Port Jervis and vicinity. 
 
 The meeting to organize was held Sept. 21, 1855, 
 James Bennett, chairman, and Thomas Cuddeback, 
 secretary. The trustees named in the certificate of 
 incorporation were John Conkling, Henry H. Far- 
 num, William H. Power, Augustus B. Goodale, James 
 Bennett, Samuel Fowler, James H. Mondon, John 
 M. Heller, Zephaniah Birdsatl. The first officers 
 chosen were John Conkling, president; Augustus P. 
 Thompson, treasurer; William H. Power, secretary. 
 The dedication took place July 15, 1856, when ad- 
 dresses were delivered by Rev. Augustus Seward, Rev. 
 E. S. Briardy, Rev. Mr. Slauson, and Rev. Mr. Adams. 
 
 Mr. Conkling has been president from the first. 
 The other officers (November, 1880) are Zephaniah 
 Birdsall, vice-president; Peter E. Farnum, secretary; 
 Wade Buckley, treasurer. The board of trustees con- 
 sists of John Conkling, Zephaniah Birdsall, Solomon 
 Van Etten, A. B. Goodale, A. H. Peck, David West- 
 fall, David Bennett, Lyman 0. Rose, John L. Bonnell. 
 
 THE WEEPING WILLOW CEMETERY ASSOCIATION 
 OF PORT JERVIS 
 
 was organized May 26, 1857. The meeting was held 
 at the office of O. Young. Samuel H. Mills was ap- 
 jjointed chairman, and O. Young, secretary. The 
 trustees chosen were John Clark, Charles St. John, 
 O. Young, Philip Lee, Thomas Cuddeback, Solomon 
 Van Etten. The proceedings were verified on the 
 27th by the ofiicers before H. H. Steward, justice of 
 the peace, and recorded May 28, 1857. This is really 
 the St. John burial-ground in the rear of the school- 
 house on Main Street, adjoining the Reformed church. 
 
 THE REFORMED CHURCH CEMETERY 
 
 is of modern date, and near to the present house of 
 worship ; opened at the time of the erection of the 
 house of worship, in 1833. 
 
 CATHOLIC CEMETERY. 
 
 This ground is handsomely situated in the southeast 
 part of the corporation, bordering on the Neversink. 
 The portion next to Main Street is closely filled, but 
 a large unoccupied part lies between this and the 
 river. A few lots are taken up and monuments erected 
 near the stream. The grading of lots and the arrange- 
 ment of walks has received considerable attention. 
 Some repairs needed in fences, and additional care of 
 lots and walks, will doubtless be given to this ground 
 
 as fast as the energetic church to which it belongs 
 may be able to give attention to these details. 
 
 RURAL VALLEY CEMETERY ASSOCIATION, 
 town of Deerpark, was formed at a meeting held on 
 the 27th of April, 1867. William Westfall was chosen 
 chairman, and William Mapes, secretary. The trus- 
 tees named were Harmanus Cuddeback, Benjamin 
 Cuddeback, Lyman O. Rose, Job Van Inwegen, E. 
 S. Norris, William Mapes, William Westfall. The 
 proceedings were verified April 29th by the officers 
 before Wm. Rankin, justice of the peace, and recorded 
 May 6th. The grounds of this association constitute 
 the modern burial-place at Cuddebackville, and are 
 in good preservation. 
 
 IX.-SOCIETIES, BANKS, LIBRABIES, INCOH- 
 PORATIONS, Etc. 
 
 PORT JERVIS LODGE, No. 328, F. AND A. M. 
 
 The first meeting under dispensation was held Dec. 
 9, 1853, and the following were charter members: 
 Stephen St. John, S. D. Shepherd, Charles Harden- 
 bergh, H. L. West, S. C. Lum, G. M. Brodhead, C. 
 G. Pinchot, John Laforge, A. Barkley, John M. Heller, 
 W. H. Stewart, Joe Hedden, O. H. Mott. 
 
 The officers elected for 1853 and 18.54 were A. Bark- 
 ley, W. M. ; J. M. Heller, S. W. ; 0. H. Mott, J. W. ; 
 W. H. Stewart, Sec. ; S. St. John, Treas. 
 
 The charter is dated and the lodge was instituted 
 June 21, 1854. The principal officers from above day 
 were: 
 
 1855.— J. M. Heller, M. ; H. L. West, S. W. ; J. 
 Van Fleet, J. W. ; C. Hardenbergh, Sec; 0. J. 
 Brown, Treas. 
 
 For subsequent years in the same order: 
 
 1856, J. Van Fleet, B. Hoxey, R. Ferguson, S. O. 
 Dimmick, O. J. Brown. 1857, J. M. Heller, R. Fer- 
 guson, J. C. Westfall, J. Barton, O. J. Brown. 1858, 
 R. Ferguson, J. C. Westfall, W. H. Stewart, M. C. 
 Everett, E. Van Inwegen. 1859, R. Ferguson, J. C. 
 Westfall, W. K. Stewart, George Brodhead, O. J. 
 Brown. 1860, R. Ferguson, T. Sharp, Thomas Holt, 
 George Brodhead, O. J. Brown. 1861, T. Sharp, T. 
 Holt, S. Bliley, G. H. Fossard, 0. J. Brown. 1862, 
 T. Sharp, C. B. Gray, A. H. Simpson, J. Barton, O. 
 J. Brown. 1863, C. B. Gray, A. H. Simpson, A. 
 Graham, J. Barton, T. Sharp. 1864, C. B. Gray, A. 
 Graham, P. Lee, L. L. Adams, T. Sharp. 1865, C. 
 
 B. Gray, A. Graham, T. Holt, L. L. Adams, T. Sharp. 
 1866, C. B. Gray, P. Lee, J. L. Kalbfus, L. L. Adams, 
 T. Sharp. 1867, C. B. Gray, J. L. Kalbfus, A. Kirk- 
 man, L. L. Adams, T. Sharp. 1868, J. L. Kalbfus, 
 A. Kirkman, S. T. Barrett, L. L. Adams, T. Sharp. 
 1869, J. L. Kalbfus, A. Kirkman, S. T. Barrett, L. L. 
 Adams, T. Sharp. 1870, J. L. Kalbfus, A. Kirkman, 
 
 C. Marvin, L. L. Adams, T. Sharp. 1871, A. Kirk- 
 man, M. T. Whitney, C. T. Branch, L. L. Adams, T. 
 Sharp. 1872, A. Kirkman, O. P. Johnston, C. T. 
 Branch, L. L. Adams, T. Sharp. 1873, O. P. John- 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 ::l 
 
 ston, C. T. Branch, L. M. Toulon, L. L. Adams, T. 
 Sharp. 1874, 0. P. Jolinston, C. T. Branch, L. M. 
 Toulon, L. L. Adams, T. Sharp. 1875, C. T. Branch, 
 J. L. Kalbfus, T. Holt, L. L. Adams, C. B. Gray. 
 1876, C. T. Branch, A. Kirkman, L. E. Bevans, A. T. 
 Cuddeback, C. B. Gray. 1877, C. T. Branch, J. L. 
 Bonnell, J. B. Carley, A. T. Cuddeback, C. B. Gray. 
 1878, C. T. Branch, J. L. Bonnell, J. B. Carley, A. T. 
 Cuddeback, C. B. Gray. 1879, J. L. Bonnell, J. B. 
 Carley, W. J. Raymond, A. T. Cuddeback, C. B. 
 Gray. 1880, J. L. Bonnell, J. B. Carley, W. Norris, 
 A. T. Cuddeback, John Caskey. 
 
 NEVERSINK CHAPTER, No. 186, R. A. M., 
 
 was instituted March 16, a.d. 1865, A.i. 2395, by M. 
 E. Comp. Royal G. Millard, G. H. P., assisted by 
 ex-Comps. George E. Beach as G. H. P., J. T. Lil- 
 ley as G. C. of H., and Sloat as G. Secretary. 
 
 The first officers (1865) were: M. E. Comp. Philip 
 Lee, H. P. ; ex-Conips. Charles W. Douglas, King, 
 L. L. Adams, Scribe ; Comps. Harry Hunter, Treas., 
 L. L. Adams, Sec, William K. Stewart, C. of H., 
 Charles B. Gray, P. S., A. Graham, R. A. Capt., 
 James Taynton, M. of 3d V., William H. Stewart, M. 
 of 2d v., Alfred Barkley, M. of 1st V., Edward Kent, 
 Tyler. 
 
 The officers for 1S66 were Philip Lee, H. P. ; Charles 
 W. Douglas, K. ; L. L. Adams, S. 
 
 Forsubsequentyears, in the same order: For 1867-68, 
 Charles W. Douglas, L. L. Adams, William K. Stew- 
 art. For 1869-70, L. L. Adams, William K. Stewart, 
 Charles B. Gray. 1871-75, William K. Stewart, 
 Charles B. Gray, A. Kirkman. For 1876, W. K. 
 Stewart, Charles B. Gray, O. P. Johnston. For 1877- 
 78, Charles B. Gray, Stott Mills, George E. Cook. 
 For 1879, Charles B. Gray, A. Kirkman, George E. 
 Cook. For 1880, George E. Cook, H. P. ; L. C. Sen- 
 ger, K. ; J. B. Allen, S. ; William K. Stewart, Treas. ; 
 Stott Mills, Sec. ; B. Whiting, C. of H. ; T. 0. Mapes, 
 P. S. ; N. Pflaum, R. A. Capt. ; Godfried Wieland, 
 M. of 3d V. ; F. Schlind, M. of 2d V. ; Fred. Wehinger, 
 M. of 1st V. ; Henry Turner, Tyler. 
 
 Number of members exalted since organized, 180 ; 
 affiliated, 24; died, admitted, etc., 80; in good stand- 
 ing at date, 124. 
 
 DELAWARE COMMANDERY, No. 44, K. T. 
 
 This commandery was formed by dispensation on 
 the 16th day of October, A.D. 1868, A.o. 750, and is 
 now held in pursuance of a warrant granted by the 
 Grand Commandery of the State of New York, on 
 the 6th day of October, a.d. 1869, A.c. 751. Stated con- 
 claves second and fourth Tuesdays of each month. 
 
 Elective officers from its organization have been: 
 E. C, 1868-73, Charles B. Gray; 1873-76, Abm. 
 Kirkman; 1876-78, Thomas K. Stewart; 1878-81, 
 Samuel A. Sease. Gen., 1868-72, Jos. W. Weed; 
 1872-73, Abram Kirkman; 1873-74, James Taynton ; 
 
 1874-80, Samuel A. Sease; 1880-81, Stott Mills. 
 Capt. -Gen., 1868-72, Abram Kirkman; 1872-73, 
 James Taynton; 1873-75, John L. Kalbfus; 1875-78, 
 Stott Mills; 1878-79, Charles Davis; 1879-80, Stott 
 Mills; 1880-81, C. B. Wood. Treas., 1868-73, R. H. 
 Chamberlin; 1873-80, Charles B. Gray; 1880-81, 
 Jos. M. Cogs. Rec, 1868-70, L. L. Adams ; 1870-81, 
 C. T. Branch. 
 
 TRI-STATES MASONIC RELIEF ASSOCIATION 
 was incorporated under the laws of the State of New 
 York, pursuant to an act passed April 12, 1848. (See 
 Rev. Statutes, Title 7, vol. ii., and chap. 319, Laws of 
 1848.) It was organized in January, 1874. The annual 
 meeting is on the first Monday of December in each 
 year, at 7.30 o'clock p.m. The board of directors meet 
 on the third Monday of each month, at 7.30 o'clock 
 
 P.M. 
 
 The officers from 1874 to 1879 were: Pres., Thomas 
 Sharp; Vice-Pres., Charles B. Gray; Treas., M. C. 
 Everitt ; Sec, C. T. Branch. 
 
 In 1880, J. L. Bonnell was elected vice-president, 
 the other officers remaining without change. 
 
 All members of the Masonic order wishing to be- 
 come members of the Relief Association are welcome. 
 
 MOUNT WILLIAM, No. 762, F. AND A. M., 
 was organized in March, 1875, with the following 
 officers : Louis M. Toulan, W. M. ; Eugene G. Hoitt, 
 S. W. ; Charles Marvin, J. W.; S. A. J. Conkling, 
 Treas. ; James McDougall, Sec. 
 
 The officers for 1876 were Eugene G. Hoitt, W. M. ; 
 James I. Cole, S. W. ; M. Depuy, J. W. ; S. A. J. Conk- 
 ling, Treas. ; James McDougall, Sec. 
 
 For 1877, James I. Cole, W. M. ; L. M. Toulan, 
 S. W. ; James Robertson, J. W. ; S. A. J. Conkling, 
 Treas. ; James McDougall, Sec. 
 
 For 1878, Moses Depuy, W. M. ; James Robertson, 
 S. W. ; James Harding, J. W. ; S. A. J. Conkling, 
 Treas. ; James McDougall, Sec. 
 
 The same officers for 1879, with the exception of L. 
 M. Toulan, elected treasurer. 
 
 For 1880, James Harding, W. M. ; John Rosen- 
 crants, S. W. ; A. T. Porter, J. W. ; Aaron Samuels, 
 Treas. ; James McDougall, Sec. 
 
 The number of present members is 64. 
 
 USTAYANTHA LODGE, No. 143, I. 0. OF 0. F, PORT 
 JERVIS, 
 
 was instituted Sept. 8, 1849. Its number was 390. 
 The lodge met in a building that stood where jmrt of 
 Creegan's brick block now is. The charter members 
 were William H. Steward, Austin Hough, Erastus 
 Slausou, Ira Dale, John B. Crawford, Thomas N. 
 Coleman, D. P. H. Coleman, James Eastman, and O. 
 E. Wheat. The first officers selected from these 
 charter members were William H. Stewart, N. G. ; 
 Austin Hough, V. G. ; Erastus Slauson, Sec ; Ira 
 Dale, Treas. ; O. E. Wheat, G. The lodge continued 
 
732 
 
 •HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 to meet in the same room until 1852, when it was 
 moved to Conkling's Hall, on Main ytreet, which 
 was fitted up expressly for them. There the lodge 
 met until 1861, when, on the erection of St. John's 
 Block, corner of Pike and Main Streets, a contract 
 was made with Mr. St. John to fit the upper rooms 
 for them and they moved in. The entrance was then 
 on Main Street. This was continued until 1872, when 
 an addition was erected to the building, and the en- ' 
 trance was changed to Pike Street. The arrangement 
 of the rooms is now very complete, and all about them 
 are truly elegant. 
 
 This lodge was No. 390 until the union of the 
 northern and southern divisions of the State, a few 
 years ago, when it was renumbered and has since 
 been known as No. 143. It is a child of Middletown 
 Lodge, No. 112. In turn it is called "mother-lodge" 
 by no less than four lodges and one encampment. 
 The children of the " mother-lodge" are the Stillo, 
 No. 209, a German lodge, which meets in the same 
 room ; Adelphi, No. 240, at Cochecton ; Vandermark, 
 No. 828, at Milford, Pa. ; Neversink, No. 358, at Car- 
 penter's Point ; and Deerjiark Encampment, No. 46, 
 which holds its meeting in the same room with its 
 mother. During its entire history the lodge has had 
 great prosperity. Harmony has prevailed. Love, 
 Friendship, and Truth have displayed their beauty 
 here, and crowned our eiTorts with success. 
 
 This lodge has disbursed for charitable purposes 
 alone $16,000 here in the village and vicinity quietly. 
 This amount of money must have relieved many 
 families who would have suffered without it. This 
 lodge has now in its treasury $4000 properly invested. 
 
 The following are the names of the Noble Grands 
 of the lodge since its organization: W. H. Stewart, 
 W. T. Bodle, Soverine Bennett, S. C. Martenes, Ira 
 Dale, Francis Stanton, Charles S. King, Thomas L. 
 Coleman, R. C. Van Brunt, Philip Lee, James N. 
 Penny, Charles St. John, J. Headden, John M. Ridge- 
 way, Daniel Romaine, M. C. Everett, Aaron Decker, 
 Rufus Ferguson, Zephaniah Birdsall, Samuel Cor- 
 win, Francis Marvin, John J. Van Deeren, .John 
 W. Corey, Solomon Van Etten, S. A. .T. Conkling, 
 Lemuel E. Elston, Charles Peter.s, O. E. Wheat, 
 L. H. Beckwith, L. Y. Ketclium, L. S. Rosencrantz, 
 Alfred Decker, C. W. Douglas, Tunis Rowland, 
 S. T. Barrett, John Sharp, Christian Weygand, 
 James Nyce, W. H. Nearpass, Jacob DeWitt, George 
 V. Peck, Munson G. Wickham, Jacob Swartvvout, 0. 
 P. Howell, Moses Depuy, Floyd S. Goble, Samuel J. 
 Wilson, George W. Norris, Charles M. Westfall, M. 
 T. Starkey, Benjamin Whiting, H. S. Decker, Wil- 
 liam T. Doty, Peter L. Hull, G. B. A. Bushe, Hiram 
 W. DeWitt, James M. Allerton, Benjamin F. Win- 
 field, A. E. Crine, Thomas Coyne, Moses S. Terwilleger, 
 John Taylor, John F. Bantz, Theodore Ludlum, 
 Charles Boyd. 
 
 Charles Boyd is the present presiding officer, or 
 N. G., Dec. 1, 1880. 
 
 NEVERSINK LODGE, No. 358, I. 0. OF 0. F., 
 was instituted at Carpenter's Point, Orange Co., 
 N. Y., June 17, 1873, with twelve charter members. 
 The charter members were David Bennet, Galen 
 Beunet, Wilhelmus Westfall, W. J. Nearpass, Samuel 
 Whittaker, John Bigort, Eli Mead, John B. Paterson, 
 Thomas Marshall, Jacob Dewitt, A. B. Moore, George 
 Barrett. 
 
 The first officers installed were David Bennet, N. G. ; 
 Galen Bennet, V. G. ; Wilhelmus Westfall, Rec. 
 Sec; W. J. Nearpass, Treas. ; Samuel Whittaker, Per. 
 Sec; Jacob Dewitt, P. G.; Tru.stees, Jacob Dewitt, 
 Eli Mead, John B. Paterson. 
 
 The officers installed Jan. 20, 1874, were Galen 
 Bennet, N. G. ; John B. Paterson, V. G. ; Chester G. 
 Young, Rec. Sec. ; Eli ]Mead, Treas. For subsequent 
 years, in thesame order: July 14, 1874, John B. Pater- 
 son, John Bigort, L. A. Blackman, Nelson Coleman ; 
 Jan. 12, 1875, John Bigort, Wilhelmus Westfall, L. 
 A. Blackman, Nelson Coleman; July 13, 1875, Wil- 
 helmus Westfall, Eli Mead, H. L. Davis, James E. 
 Moore; Jan. 18, 1876, Eli Mead, A. B. Moore, H. L. 
 Davis, John Bigort; July 11, 1876, A. B. Moore, 
 Chester G. Young, George W. Bailey, John Bigort; 
 Jan. 16, 1877, Chester G. Young, H. L. Davis, George 
 W. Bailey, John Bigort; July 17, 1877, H. L. Davis, 
 L. A. Blackman, W. H. Rodgers, A. B. Moore; Jan. 
 15, 1878, L. A. Blackman, Charles Anderson, W. H. 
 Rodgers, A. B. Moore; July 9, 1878, Charles Ander- 
 son, James Bennet, Mark Van Etten, A. B. Moore; 
 Jan. 21, 1879, James Bennet, W. H. Rodgers, Mark 
 Van Etten, W. H. Dowding; July 8, 1879, W. H. 
 Rodgers, James Cornwell, Mark Van Etten, W. H. 
 Dowding; Jan. 13, 1880, James Cornwell, Mark Van 
 Etten, Elijah Blyeth, Charles Anderson. Present 
 officers, October, 1880, Mark Van Etten, N. G. ; George 
 Wyeth, V. G. ; W. J. Quick, Rec. Sec. ; W. H. Rodgers, 
 Treas. ; Samuel Whittaker, Per. Sec. ; James Cornwell, 
 P. 6. ; Trustees, David Bennet, Lewis A. Blackman, 
 Lewis Hetzel. 
 
 ATTILA LODGE, No. 2()'J, I. 0. OF 0. F., 
 was instituted Feb. 4, 1869, at Port Jervis, with 23 
 charter members. The first officers were P. G., C. 
 Wiegand ; N. G., Jacob Kadel ; V. G., Ernst Woller ; 
 Rec. Sec, C. Geisenheimer; F. S., A. Happ. The 
 Noble Grands have been Ernst Woller, C. Geisen- 
 heimer, A. Happ, George Hoffman, Louis Haman, Con- 
 rad Happ, William Stubinger, Fred. Seeger, Leonard 
 Eskle, Mathias Heitzman, Martin Heller, John Stoll, 
 Frank Boet, Charles Kern, Frank Haelwich, John 
 Herle, Peter Zahn, Jacob Schwatz. The present 
 officers (November, 1880) are N. G., Philip Goor; 
 V. G., Fred. Duier ; Sec, Charles Shoneman ; F. S., 
 Mathias Heitzman ; Treas., John Bippus. Tlie lodge 
 has $1000 invested funds. 
 
 MOUNT WILLIAM LODGE, No. 105, K. P. 
 
 At a preliminary meeting held for the purpose of 
 organizing a lodge of Knights of Pythias, Mr. David 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 733 
 
 Bennett was called to the chair, and Mr. George A. 
 Hoose as secretary. The secretary read the list of 
 charter members as follows, and seventeen answered 
 to the roll : W. H. Nearpass, W. T. Doty, John Tur- 
 ney, Z. G. Coykendall, W. C. Slauson, G. B. A. Bushe, 
 George M. Decker, George A. Hoosc, John L. Burton, 
 A. T. Cuddeback, Justus T. Doty, David Bennett, M. 
 T. Starkey, A. C. Margot, J. H. Rosse, Frank Shinier, 
 George A. Clement, Jr., W. E. Scott, D. J. Pierce, 
 James Robertson, A. R. Crosby, Peter Rosecrance, 
 Frank J. Baum, J. M. Conner, George Wood, James 
 H. Burton, C. B. Gray. 
 
 June 23, 1873, a communication was received from 
 District Deputy Grand Chancellor, stating that he 
 would institute the lodge on Monday, June 30, 1873. 
 At a special meeting of the Grand Lodge of the State 
 of New York, held at Port Jervis, June 30, 1873, for 
 the purpose of instituting Mount William Lodge, No. 
 105, Knights of Pythias, present and presiding Dis- 
 trict Deputy Grand Chaucellor W. Bartley, of the 
 Seventh District. The Grand Lodge was opened at 
 eight o'clock, and the subordinate lodge duly insti- 
 tuted. The charter members were duly initiated. 
 
 The first officers installed were W. H. Nearpass, P. 
 C. ; W. T. Doty, C. C. ; David Bennet, V. C. ; G. B. 
 
 A. Bushe, P. ; A. T. Cuddeback, K. of R. ; G. A. 
 Hoose, M. of F. ; J. M. Conner, M. of E. ; W. H. 
 Nearpass, M. T. Starkey, G. A. Clement, Jr., Trustees. 
 Appointed officers, James Robertson, M. A. ; P. Rose- 
 crance, I. G. ; Z. G. Coykendall, O. G. ; George A. 
 Clement, Jr., J. H. Burton, Assistants. Officers 
 elected for term from Dec. 30, 1873, to July 13, 1874, 
 were as follows : W. T. Doty, C. C. ; J. I. Cole, V. C. ; 
 W. C. Slauson, P. ; A. T. Cuddeback, K. of R. 
 
 For subsequent terms, in the same order : July 13, 
 1874, J. I. Cole, W. C. Slauson, A. T. Cuddeback, G. 
 
 B. A. Bushe ; Jan. 11, 1875, George M. Decker, A. T. 
 Cuddeback, Benjamin Whiting, G. B. A. Bushe ; July 
 12, 1876, A. T. Cuddeback, G. B. A. Bushe, James 
 Robertson, Charles E. Goodale ; Jan. 22, 1877, James 
 Robertson, George H. Woods, M. Schauer, George M. 
 Decker; July 1, 1878, George H. Woods, M. Schauer, 
 W. C. Slauson, George M. Decker ; Jan. C, 1879, M: 
 Schauer, W. E. Crawford, C. E. Goodale, George E. 
 Branch. 
 
 The present officers, October, 1880, are : C. C, D. J. 
 Pierce ; V. C, C. J. Peck ; Prelate, James Robertson ; 
 K. of R., Fred. A. Palmer ; M. of F., Edward M. 
 Gordon ; M. of E., Theodore Ludlum ; W. T. Doty, 
 George M. Decker, Trustees ; George H. Woods, Rep- 
 resentative to Grand Lodge ; James Robertson, Alter- 
 nate. Appointed officers, John Sharrock, M. A. ; Isaac 
 Drew, I. G. ; George Westfall, O. G. ; Attendants, 
 George Thayer, Johu Prescott. 
 
 DELAWARE COUNCIL, No. 10. 
 This council was instituted March 23, 1871, with 
 65 charter members, in what was then known as Conk- 
 lin's Hall. The first officers of the council were as 
 
 follows: C, James D.Broner; V. C, AVilliam E.Moul- 
 ton ; Rcc. Sec, Hamilton W. Quick ; Asst. Rec. Sec, 
 John P. Robinson ; F. Sec, Ira J. Fisher ; Treas., 
 Alfred H. Corwin; Ind., Henry Hains; Ex., Charles 
 M. Westfall ; I. P., Joseph Palmatier ; O. P., William 
 M. Cook ; Trustees, James D. Broner, H. W. Quick, 
 Jessie M. Conner. The presiding officers from that 
 time to June 30, 1880, are as follows: William E. 
 Moulton, H. W. Quick, Charles M. Westfall, A. H. 
 Corwin, H. W. Dewitt, John F. Van Luyt, Henry 
 Hains, J. N. Baird, S. S. Starr, Theodore F. Corwin, 
 P. L. Hull, E. S. Westbrook, Peter M. Hunt, Geo. N. 
 Norris, George N. Hornbeck, Henry Cuddeback, Nel- 
 son Duulap, C. J. Terwilliger. 
 
 The officers for the present term (August, 1880) are : 
 C, John Sharp ; V. C, L. V. Carpenter ; Rec. Sec, 
 J. L. Wheat; Asst. Rec. Sec, Frank L. Smith ; Fin. 
 Sec, N. H. Rogers ; Treas., Thomas Cole ; Ex., Lewis 
 Woodruff; Ind., Lewis Hartford ; I. P., Albert Prey ; 
 0. P., Frank Knox. 
 
 The council has taken in for initiations, dues, etc, 
 from the time it was instituted to June 30, 1880, 
 $14,612.53, and has paid for the relief of its members 
 $5017.65, and for other expenses $6414.12, leaving a 
 present asset of $3180.76. 
 
 The membership of the council June 30, 1880, was 
 145 members in good standing. 
 
 The workings of the order are similar to Odd-Fel- 
 1 lowship, and its objects are to assist each other in ob- 
 taining employment, to encourage each other in busi- 
 ness, to establish a sick and funeral fund, to watch 
 over the sick of the order and bury their dead, to 
 educate the orphans, and protect the widows of de- 
 ceased members. " Honesty, Industry, and Sobriety" 
 is its motto, and charity is the foundation upon which 
 it rests. 
 
 DELAWARE COUNCIL, No. 9, Jr. 0. U. A. M. 
 
 This society was organized on the night of March 
 1, 1873, at Conner's Hall, in Port Jervis, and the fol- 
 lowing were initiated as charter members : Wm. H. 
 Barrett, Frank W. Brown, Archie Budd, Hamilton 
 S. Corwin, Wm. Crawford, Nelson Dunlap, Wm. E. 
 DeWitt, Chas. W. Edwards, Wm. S. Craig, John H. 
 Gordon, Frank Knox, Wm. H. Lent, Geo. Luckey, 
 Fred. N. Mason, Horace Mondon, Wm. A. Piatt, A. 
 J. Shiner, Lewis M. Spencer, Frank Taylor, S. G. 
 Taylor, John S. Terwilliger, Emmet Van Sickle, C. 
 W." Van Sickle, S. M. Westfall, M. T. Whitney, Jr., 
 Alonzo Whritner, Edgar Whritner. 
 
 The council was organized by D. N. C, R. T. Brown, 
 of New York City. 
 
 The following officers were chosen for the term 
 commencing April 1, 1873: C, A. J. Shiner; V. C, 
 S. M. Westfall; Rec Sec, H. S. Corwin; Treas., 
 Edgar A. Whritner. 
 
 Term commencing July 1, 1873: C, S. M. West- 
 fall ; V. C, H. S. Corwin ; Rec. Sec, M. T. Whitney, 
 Jr. ; Treas., Edgar Whritner. 
 
734 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Terra commencing Oct. 1, 1873 : C, H. S. Corwin ; 
 V. C, F. N. Mason ; Rec. Sec, F. P. Marthis ; Treas., 
 Edgar Wlaritner. 
 
 Term commencing Jan. 1, 1874: C, F. N. Mason; 
 V. C, Edgar Whritner ; Rec. Sec, L. N. Taft ; Treas. 
 W. G. HopJjins. 
 
 Term commencing July 1, 1874 : C, Edgar Whrit- 
 ner; V. C, F. P. Martins; Rec. Sec, W. J. Gilmore; 
 Treas., J. H. Hull. 
 
 Term commencing Jan. ], 1875: C, F. P. Marthis; 
 V. C, W. J. Gilmore ; Rec. Sec, J. C. Starr ; Treas., 
 J. H. Hull. 
 
 Term commencing July 1, 1875 : C, W. J. Gilmore ; 
 V. C, J. C. Starr ; Rec. Sec, L. M. Spencer; Treas., 
 H. S. Corwin. 
 
 Term commencing Jan. 1, 1876: C., J. C. Starr; 
 V. C, C. W. Van Sickle; Rec Sec, A. J. Shiner,' 
 Treas., H. S. Corwin. 
 
 Term commencing July 1, 1876: C, C. W. Van 
 Sickle ; V. C, J. H. Hull ; Rec. Sec, S. McKeeby ; 
 Treas., A. J. Shiner. 
 
 Term commencing Jan. 1, 1877: C, J. H. Hull; 
 V. C, S. McKeeby ; Rec. Sec, C. A. Hull ; Treas.^ 
 A. J. Shiner. 
 
 Term commencing July 1, 1877 : C, S. McKeeby ; 
 V. C, W. Crawford ; Rec. Sec, A. Vanauken ; Treas., 
 A. J. Shiner. 
 
 Term commencing Jan. 1, 1878: C, N. Dunlap ; 
 V. C, G. O. Allerton ; Rec. Sec, J. H. Raymond ; 
 Treas., A. J. Shiner. 
 
 Term commencing July 1, 1878: C, G. O. Allerton ; 
 V. C, C. A. Hull ; Rec. Sec, C. Barnes ; Treas., S. M. 
 Westfall. 
 
 Term commencing Jan. 1, 1879: C, C. A. Hull; 
 V. C, L. L. Barkman ; Rec. Sec, C. K. Beckwith ; 
 Treas., C. W. Van Sickle. 
 
 Term commencing July 1, 1879: C, L. L. Bark- 
 man ; V. C, C. K. Beckwith ; Rec. Sec, F. D. Peters; 
 Treas., X. Dunlap. 
 
 Term commencing Jan. 1, 1880 : C, C. K. Beck- 
 with ; V. C, L. M. Spencer; Rec. Sec, S. D. Boyce, 
 Jr. ; Treas., E. L. Norris, Jr. 
 
 July 1, 1880, present officers: C, L. M. Spencer; 
 V. C, F. D. Peters ; Rec. Sec, Allen Boyce ; A. R. S., 
 A. J. Shiner ; F. S., C. W. Van Sickle ; Treas., Edgar 
 Whritner; Cond., L. L. Barkman; Warden, A. L. 
 Doty ; I. S., Wm. H. Woodruff; O. S., S. M. West- 
 fall ; Trustees, A. L. Doty, F. N. Mason, S. McKeeby. 
 Three officers of this council, viz., H. S. Corwin, 
 Edgar Whritner, S. McKeeby, have been elected to 
 the highest office in the State, that of State Coun- 
 cilor, and one, H. S. Corwin, to the highest office in the 
 order, that of National Councilor. There have been 
 no deaths of active members in the council since its 
 organization. The council has received during its 
 organization over $2000, and has paid out for sick 
 benefits over $800. It now has a membership of 40, 
 who are paying over $250 into the treasury yearly. 
 It is the oldest council in the State of New York, 
 
 many of those who took numbers before it having 
 surrendered their charter or been reorganized. 
 
 ORANGE COUNTY BUILDING AND LOAN AS.SOCIA- 
 TION. 
 
 The association was organized July 29, 1875, with 
 the following charter members : Walter Harvey, M. 
 H. Finn, Thomas H. Branch, Harry Karslake, Wil- 
 liam Whithead, Robert Taylor, George E. Branch, 
 John Medrick, Daniel Stewart. The first officers 
 elected were as follows, to serve from Aug. 1, 1875, to 
 Aug. 1, 1876 : For President, Walter Harvey ; Vice- ' 
 President, Harry Karslake; Treasurer, Jacob lobe; 
 and Secretary, T. H. Branch. The first collection of 
 money was Aug. 1, 1875, upon 179 shares. 
 
 Officers elected to serve from Aug. 1, 1876, to Aug. 
 1, 1877 : President, Walter Harvey ; Vice-President, 
 W. L. Carmichael ; Treasurer, Jacob lobe ; and Secre- 
 tary, Thomas H. Branch. 
 
 To serve from Aug. 1, 1877, to Aug. 1, 1878, as fol- 
 lows: President, James Porritt; Vice-President, 
 James Nyce ; Treasurer, Jacob lobe ; and Secretary, 
 Thomas H. Branch. But after the election of officers 
 for this year the treasurer died, whereupon William 
 H. Nearpass was elected to fill the vacancy. 
 
 Officers elected to serve from Aug. 1, 1878, to Aug. 
 1, 1879 : President, James Porritt ; Vice-President, 
 H. C. Nichols ; Treasurer, William H. Nearpass ; and 
 Secretary, Thomas H. Branch. 
 
 From Aug. 1, 1879, to Aug. 1, 1880: President, 
 James Porritt; Vice-President, Thomas Laidley; 
 Treasurer, William H. Nearpass ; and Secretary, T. 
 H. Branch ; and at the next election the same officers 
 were re-elected to serve till Aug. 1, 1881. 
 
 This association so far has done remarkably well, 
 having now 808 shares, and securities to the amount 
 of $43,000. It differs from most associations of this 
 kind in that it issues stock every month, thereby giv- 
 ing persons a better chance of becoming members, 
 and availing themselves of the money that is loaned 
 every month, without being compelled to pay up back 
 dues. 
 
 DEERPARK MINING COMPANY 
 was formed Nov. 14, 1864. Its principal places of 
 business were stated to be the town of Deerpark, and 
 also the City of New York. The trustees named all 
 resided abroad. The objects were stated to be " the 
 mining of lead ores and other minerals." The pro- 
 ceedings were recorded Jan. 27, 1865. 
 
 THE NEVERSINK MINERAL COMPANY. 
 
 This association was incorporated by a certificate 
 verified Nov. 19, 1864. The trustees named were J. 
 P. Faurot, S. J. Burr, A. E. Warner, M. Beeman, 
 Wm. H. Downs, Oliver Faurot, C. V. S. Henderson, 
 Charles D. Ciistle, S. N. Bierce. The capital stock 
 was stated at 100,000 shares of $5 each. The objects 
 were "the mining of lead ores and other minerals, 
 and vending the same manufactured and unmanufac- 
 tured." 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 735 
 
 THE MONTANA MILL COMPANY 
 filed a certificate in the office of the county clerk 
 dated " New Yorlc, Jan. 24, 1865." The paper was 
 signed by J. Nelson Tappan, president, and by H. 
 Burdsall, L. L. Johnson, and E. J. Baldwin, trustees. 
 The capital stock was stated at $125,000, fully paid 
 in, of which the sum of $31,000 had been paid as 
 purchase money for the mill and real estate of said 
 company, and the remainder in cash. 
 
 THE DEERPARK LEAD COMPANY. 
 
 Under date of Feb. G, 1866, Washington G. Wood- 
 ward, president, and C. H. Southard, A. W. Davey, 
 and Cornelius Fiske, constituting a majority of trus- 
 tees, filed a Statement in the county clerk's office that 
 the capital stock of said company is $750,000, divided 
 into 300,000 shares of $2.50 each ; that all of this has 
 been issued for the purchase of property in the town 
 of Mount Hope. 
 
 THE GERMAN ROMAN CATHOLIC ST. JOSEPH'S 
 BENEVOLENT SOCIETY OF PORT JERVIS 
 
 was organized under date March 31, 1877. Its objects 
 were declared to be as follows : " To advance the wel- 
 fare of its members by affording relief in sickness and 
 aiding in the burial of deceased members, and in pro- 
 moting each other's religious welfare." 
 
 The directors named were as follows : Anthony 
 Schooner, president ; Henry Minnick, vice-president ; 
 John G. Sauer, recording secretary ; Charles Diemer, 
 secretary of finance; Benjamin Hafner, treasurer; 
 John Schruverger, Bernhard Lohman, Mich'l Reader, 
 committee on finance; Henry Minnick, Benjamin 
 Hafner, Ferdinand Higle, Charles Diemer, Andsen 
 Mayers, executive committee ; John Mayer, John 
 Rarg, banner bearers. 
 
 THE PORT JERVIS BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIA- 
 TION, No. 1. 
 
 The Port Jervis Building and Loan Association, 
 
 No. 1, was established June 1, 1868. Its object is the 
 accumulation of a fund by monthly installments, pre- 
 miums, interest on loans, fines, and forfeitures to en- 
 .able stockholders to purchase real estate, erect build- 
 ings thereon, or invest in any manner they may deem 
 most advantageous. 
 
 John Button was elected president, James Layton, 
 vice-president ; Richard Gray, treasurer ; S. G. Coy- 
 kendall, secretary. 
 
 In connection with the above officers there are 
 twelve directors, three trustees, and three auditors, 
 all of whom are elected by ballot on the third Wednes- 
 day of June of each year. 
 
 John Button remained president three years, and 
 was succeeded by William H. Nearpass, who is still 
 serving in that office (November, 1880). 
 
 Walter Harvey was vice-president the second year, 
 and was succeeded by Jacob May, who served five 
 years. In June, 1875, John B. Layton was chosen 
 
 vice-president, and served one year. From 1876 to 
 the present time Jacob May has filled that office. 
 
 Richard Gray remained treasurer two years. He 
 was succeeded, June, 1870, by Jacob Pobe, who served 
 until his death in 1877. July 24, 1877, Jacob Kadel 
 was chosen treasurer, and is still serving in that 
 capacity. 
 
 At the second election, June, 1869, M. F. Finn 
 was chosen secretary, and served six years. .lune, 
 1875, Hiram W. Bewitt, the present secretary, was 
 elected to that office. 
 
 The receipts of the association from its organization 
 to June 1, 1880, are as follows: 
 
 From June 1, 1868, to June 1, 1S60 $4,509.29 
 
 From June 1, 1809, to June 1, 1870 6,862.60 
 
 From June 1, 1870, t<i June 1, 1871 12,619.31 
 
 From June 1, 1S71, to June 1, 1872 18,213.47 
 
 From June 1, 1872, to June 1, 1873 30,322.25 
 
 From June 1, 1873, to Juue 1, 1874 34,621.68 
 
 From June 1, 1874, to June I, 1875 23,922.63 
 
 From Juue 1, 187.3, to June 1, 1876 34,667.60 
 
 From June 1, 1876, to June 1, 1877 34,260.68 
 
 From Juue 1, 1877, to June 1, 1878 16,801.67 
 
 From June 1, 1878, to June 1, 1879 18,482.95 
 
 From June 1, 1879, to June 1, 1880 19,928.74 
 
 Total $255,014.77 
 
 Of this amount, $49,800 was from loans returned, 
 leaving a net receipt of $205,214.77, or an average of 
 $17,101.23 per year for twelve years. 
 
 THE DEERPARK AND WESTFALL BUILDING AND 
 LOAN ASSOCIATION 
 
 was organized Jan. 29, 1872. The officers chosen were 
 John Button, president; James Ilifl", vice-president 
 and treasurer; Samuel J. Wilson, secretary. Mr. 
 Button has served as president until the present time 
 (November, 1880). The present secretary, W. E. 
 McCormick, succeeded Mr. Wilson in March, 1873. 
 Richard Gray is the present treasurer, and Benjamin 
 Ryall, Jr., vice-president. 
 
 The association has twelve " series." The first has 
 been closed, its shares having matured according to 
 the plan of these associations. The dues per month 
 are one dollar and twenty-five cents, and the rate of 
 interest six per cent. 
 
 THE DELAWARE BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIA- 
 TION 
 
 was organized July 1, 1872. The officers appointed 
 were Walter Harvey, president; S. A. King, vice- 
 president; Thomas H. Branch, secretary ; James Por- 
 ritt, treasurer. 
 
 This association comprised one series. The dues 
 were two dollars per month, and the rate of interest 
 six per cent. The association is now closing up its 
 business, each .share of stock having reached a par 
 value of $200 April 28, 1879. The amount paid in 
 on each share was $137, giving a profit to each stock- 
 holder of $63. The total receipts of the association 
 were $37,200, and the average running expenses per 
 year were only about $100. The present officers (No- 
 vember, 1880) are James Porritt, president; Walter 
 Harvey, secretary ; William H. Nearpass, treasurer. 
 
736 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 THE NEVERSINK BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIA- 
 TION 
 
 was organized Oct. 1, 1872. The officers chosen were 
 John Milligan, president; William J. Murphy, secre- 
 tary ; Andrew Cuff, treasurer. 
 
 The present officers (November, 1880) are Thomas 
 McGuire, who succeeded Mr. Milligan in the office 
 of president, June, 1874; William J. Murphy, secre- 
 tary, who has served from the organization ; William 
 H. Nearpass, who succeeded Mr. Cuff in the office of 
 treasurer, February, 1878; and S. A. J. Conklin, vice- 
 president. 
 
 This association has one " series," and it is intended 
 to close business when, according to the provisions of 
 the charter, each share shall have become worth the 
 par value of $200. The dues are one dollar per 
 month, and the rate of interest six per cent. The 
 amount paid in at the date of the last annual report 
 was $91 per share, and the computed value of each 
 share was $155.47, giving a profit of $64.47. 
 
 THE MUTUAL BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATION 
 was organized June 1, 1867. The officers chosen were 
 C. E. Cuddeback, president; A. B. Wilbur, vice-presi- 
 dent; H. C. Crawford, secretary; William H. Near- 
 pass, treasurer. 
 
 They have remained in office to the present time. 
 The association had only one "series." Its dues were 
 two dollars per month, and rate of interest six per 
 cent. According to the limitations of its charter, the 
 association terminated on the 1st of December, 1880. 
 At that date each share had become worth the par 
 value of .$200. Upon each share there had been paid 
 in $152, giving a profit to the stockholders of $48 
 upon each share. 
 
 THE TRI-STATES MEDICAL SOCIETY 
 has existed for about twenty years past, meeting at 
 Port Jervis once in three months. Its members are 
 from the neighboring portions of New York, Penn- 
 sylvania, and New Jersey. 
 
 THE PORT JERVIS CO-OPERATIVE ASSOCIATION 
 was incorporated Dec. 3, 1877. The objects were 
 stated as follows : " Uniting the agricultural, mechan- 
 ical, and laboring interests of said town with the 
 mercantile, so that all may be interested and bene- 
 fited." The corporation was to engage in the mercan- 
 tile business, and for that purpose was to have a capi- 
 tal stock of $7000, divided into 140 shares of $50 
 each. The articles of association were verified Dec. 
 3, 1877, before C. E. Cuddeback, notary public, by 
 Anthony Schooner and Walter Harvey, for themselves 
 and eighty-eight other stockholders. The first officers 
 were Luther H. Beckwith, president; Robert Kirk- 
 man, vice-president; Walter Harvey, secretary ; An- 
 thony Schooner, treasurer; Joseph Sohofield, H. C. 
 Nichols, James Nyce, James D. Frantz, Samuel 
 Marsh, directors. 
 
 The president, secretary, and treasurer remain the 
 
 same as above at the present time (November, 1880). 
 The present vice-president is James D. Frantz. 
 
 The present board of directors consists of Richard 
 Gray, Thomas Laidley, Aaron Starr, Robert Fromp- 
 ton, and J. H. Findon. 
 
 To commence business twenty per cent, upon each 
 share of $50 was paid in, amounting in the aggregate 
 to $1400. A small line of groceries and provisions 
 .was purchased, and a store opened Dec. 6, 1877. The 
 enterprise has evidently had careful management, 
 and has been carried on with increasing success. An 
 inventory is taken every three months and dividends 
 declared. Each stockholder's dividend is added to 
 the $10 originally paid in, and no further assessments 
 beyond the first $10 have been made. 
 
 At the expiration of two years and nine months 
 each share was paid to the amount of $43.45, being a 
 clear profit to each of $33.45, and the total capital of 
 the association over and above any liabilities was 
 $8600. The rooms now occupied are large and con- 
 veniently arranged, fronting on Fowler Street and 
 Jersey Avenue. 
 
 The stock kept includes groceries, provisions, crock- 
 ery, boots and shoes, wooden-ware, willow-ware, etc. 
 Goods are sold at a fixed price, and the same both 
 to stockholders and to the public generally. Six 
 employes are now required, — -a superintendent, four 
 clerks, and one man with a delivery-wagon. 
 
 DEERPARK COUNCIL, No. o6, ROYAL TEMPLARS 
 OF TEMPERANCE. 
 
 The above-uamed order was instituted at Port 
 Jervis, Aug. 6, 1878, with twelve charter members, 
 with the following officers : 8. C, John L. Bonnell ; 
 V. C, Nelson B. Mondon ; P. C, George W. Dowe; 
 Rec. and Fin. Sec, John W. Keahler; Treas., Mrs. 
 John L. Bonnell ; H., Samuel S. Case ; Chap., Henry 
 Dutcher; G., Mrs. A. M. Keahler; S., A. J. Hallock. 
 It has 98 members, 60 of whom are active and 38 life. 
 Gentlemen come underthe head of active and ladies as 
 life members. The present officers are : S. C, George 
 W. Bailey ; V. C, Ed. M. Kimball ; P. C, George W. 
 Dowe ; Rec. Sec, John W. Keahler ; Fin. Sec, John 
 M. Higgins, Jr. ; Treas., Samuel Adams ; Chap., 
 Sarah Harding ; H., Zach. Quick ; Dep. H., Anna 
 Eliza Carey; G., Mrs. Sanford Clauson ; S., Sanford 
 Clauson. 
 
 The past officers are as follows : George W. Dowe, 
 John L. Bonnell, Nelson B. Mondon, John W. Keah- 
 ler, District Deputy N. B. Mondon. 
 
 MINISINK TRIBE, No. 28, IMPROVED ORDER OF 
 RED MEN. 
 
 This society was organized Oct. 1, 1874, and the 
 first officers chosen were as follows : Sachem, J. M. 
 Vaninger; Senior Sagamore, O. P. Gillson ; Junior 
 Sagamore, L. S. Rosecrance; Keeper of Wampum, 
 A. J. Kittle; Chief of Records, E. G. Hoyt. 
 
 Officers of subsequent terms, in the same order : 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 r37 
 
 Dec. 29, 1874, L. S. Rosecrance, O. P. Gillson, W. H. 
 Knox, A. J. Kittle, E. G. Hoyt; June 28, 1875, S. D. 
 Mapes, J. H. Kimbal, E. Gerst, C. W. Van Sickle, 
 M. W. Perry ; Dec. 28, 1875, J. H. Kimbal, E. Gerst, 
 J. T. Fisher, C. W. Van Sickle, M. W. Perry ; .Tune 
 27, 187t), J. S. Holenshead, J. Leber, P. A. Hause, 
 C. W. Van Sickle, William W. Bass; Dee. 26, 1876, 
 J. Leber, A. J. Kittle, P. A. Hause, C. W. Van 
 Sickle, William W. Bass; June 26, 1877, V. Dunlap, 
 L. M. Lockwood, George Wyth, C. W. Van Sickle, 
 William W. Bass; Dec. 25, 1877, William W. Bass, 
 R. W. Tuthill, E. R. Dunn, A. T. Perry, J. Leber; 
 June 25, 1878, R. W. Tutbill, Tim. Buckley, M. N. 
 Zindle, A. T. Perry, C. W. Van Sickle ; Dec. 31, 1878, 
 A. T. Perry, L. S. Hougb, X. Dunlap, J. Liber, O. P. 
 Gillson ; June 24, 1879, O. P. Gillson, D. D. Elston, 
 Peter Stumb, A. T. Perry, Timotby Buckley ; Dec. 31, 
 1879, E. Gerst, C. Leber, D. D. Elston, A. T. Perry, 
 Timotby Buckley ; June 25, 1880, Timotby Buckley, 
 L. M. Lockwood, W. W. Courtright, C. Rumpf, O. P. 
 Gillson. 
 
 The society has lost one member by death since its 
 organization. It is in a sound financial condition, 
 having surplus funds invested in government bonds. 
 
 THE PORT .JERVIS GAS CO.MPANY. 
 
 This was organized in 1860, and the works were put 
 into operation in the fall of that year. The price of 
 gas was fixed at four dollars per thousand cubic feet, 
 and the rent of meter twelve cents jx'r month. The 
 officers at that time were H. H. Farnum, president; 
 A. P. Thompson, treasurer ; F. Marvin, secretary ; H. 
 H. Farnum, E. A. Coen, John Conkling, A. P. 
 Thompson, F. Marvin, directors ; E. A. Coen, engi- 
 neer. The certificate of incorporation bears date 
 Aug. 24, 1860. This institution is still doing effective 
 work and supplying the village with gas. 
 
 THE DEERPARK YOUNG MEN'S LITERARY UNION 
 is organized for mutual literary improvement by 
 means of discussions, lectures, etc. A. Van Etten, 
 Jr., president ; F. R. Bolton, secretary. 
 
 THE PORT JERVIS MANNERRCHOR 
 
 was established in March, 1867. The first officers were 
 Jacob Gengnagel, president; C. Wiegand, secretary ; 
 Jacob Kadel, treasurer ; F. Heidecker, leader. The 
 presiding officers since the first have been C. Wie- 
 gand, Fred. Seeger, Jacob Kadel, and the present in- 
 cumbent, C. Geisenheimer. 
 
 At the present time (November, 1880) the secretary 
 is H. Pfluge, the vice-president John Englehart, the 
 treasurer Michael Seeger, Jr., the leader Charles F. 
 Spies. Like other societies of this name, the object ia 
 mainly the cultivation and rendering of music in the 
 German language. The society has a pleasant hall, 
 with convenient furniture, including a piano. It is 
 located at the corner of Front and Sussex Streets, and 
 is known as Mannerrchor Hall. 
 
 RIVERSIDE LODGE OF GOOD TEMPLARS 
 is not now in existence, but it was for a time a vigor- 
 ous organization, and did some effectual temperance 
 work. 
 
 INVINCIBLE LODGE, No. 6S, I. 0. OF G. T., 
 was organized Feb. 6, 1875, with 50 charter members 
 and the following officers: William H. Palmer, W. 
 C. T. ; Miss Anna McCarter, W. V. T ; William H. 
 Piatt, Chaplain ; Charles W. Huntington, R. S. ; 
 Charles R. Beckwith, Assistant Secretary ; Sanford 
 McKeeby, F. S. ; Charles T. Harding, Treas. ; Isaac 
 B. Smith, Marshal ; Mrs. G. W. Eldred, D. M. ; Wil- 
 liam Crawford, Guard ; William H. Roberts, Sen- 
 tinel. The lodge has maintained steady work, and at 
 present numbers 100 members. 
 
 The present officers (November, 1880) are Andrew 
 Deyeea, W. C. T. ; Ada Carley, W. V. T. ; Lottie 
 Rumsey, Chaplain ; DeWitt Dutcber, R. S. ; H. W. 
 Corey, A. S. ; John Sarton, F. S. ; Mary Taylor, 
 Treas.; William A. Taft, M. ; Jennie McNurney, D. 
 M. ; Emma Doty, Guard; William Richards, Sen- 
 tinel. 
 
 THE WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION. 
 
 This association did a large amount of temperance 
 work for some years, but is not now in active opera- 
 tion. 
 
 THE PORT JERVIS TEMPERANCE UNION 
 was organized in October, 1877. Dr. C. M. Lawrence 
 was elected president of the organization, which po- 
 sition he held for two years. 
 
 In November, 1879, B. S. Warner was elected 
 president for one year, and was re-elected the follow- 
 lowing year, and consequently is at present the pre- 
 siding officer. 
 
 The officers of the organization at present are: 
 President, B. S. Warner ; Vice-Presidents, George 
 Wagner, Dennis Linley, Mrs. S. H. Rogers, George 
 Decker ; Secretary, S. H. Rogers ; Corresp. Sec, Dr. 
 James J. Mills ; Treasurer, Miss Judson Adams. 
 
 YOUNG MEN'S SOCIAL UNION. 
 " The Young Men's Social and Literary Union of 
 Port Jervis" was organized in 1879, through the in- 
 fluence of Dr. Goyn Talmage, pastor of the Reformed 
 Church, and this notice, perhaps, would rightly come 
 after notice of that church, although its members, 
 now over 100, are from all of our churches. Its aims 
 are social and literary improvement; its meetings 
 are weekly, on Friday evenings. Officers : President, 
 Charles F. Van Inwegen; Vice-President, George 
 W. Hoagland ; Secretary, Sidney Mapes ; Treasurer, 
 Henry H. Malven. It is in a very promising condi- 
 tion, and it is the society of the village, and of very 
 general interest to both old and young. 
 
 NATIONAL BANK OF PORT JERVIS. 
 This old and well-established institution is located 
 in a small stone building upon Pike Street. It was 
 
r38 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 organized under the State law as the Bank of Port 
 Jervis in March, 1853. The first board of directors 
 were Thomas King, Stephen St. John, Gilbert F. 
 Mondon, Gardner Ferguson, H. H. Farnuni, John 
 Conkling, Charles St. John, Jacob Hornbeck, Jr., 
 Robert T. Woodward, William M. Graham, Lewis 
 Cuddeback. Thomas King was chosen president, and 
 he served until his death in 1857. His successor, 
 Henry H. Farnum, also served until his death, Oc- 
 tober, 1879 ; and his successor, Hon. Charles St. John, 
 is the present incumbent of that office. A. P. Thomp- 
 son was chosen the first cashier, and has been in that 
 position ever since. 
 
 Business was first opened in the Delaware House. 
 The present building was erected in 1858, and busi- 
 ness removed there in the fall of that year. The 
 original capital was $120,000. It was afterwards in- 
 creased to Sil.30,000. It became a national bank in 
 1865. 
 
 The present board of directors are Charles St. 
 John, Francis Mann, Jacob Hornbeck, O. P. Howell, 
 L. O. Rose, F. R. Brodhead, S. A. J. Conkling, Peter 
 E. Farnum, A. P. Thompson. The present officers 
 are Charles St. John, president; Francis Marvin, 
 vice-president; A. P. Thompson, cashier ; W. E. Scott, 
 teller ; L. E. Goldsmith, book-keeper. 
 
 Henry H. Farnum. — The history of the develop- 
 ment of the business interests of Port Jervis is insep- 
 arably connected with the presence in its midst of 
 Henry H. Farnum. The name of no resident is more 
 justly entitled to honorable mention as filling success- 
 fully and unostentatiously the rdles of prosperous mer- 
 chant, public-spirited citizen, and philanthropist. In 
 his business relations, Mr. Farnum estalilished a char- 
 acter for manliness and integrity which won for him 
 the confidence of the community, but it is especially 
 as a philanthropist that his memory is cherished by 
 the citizens, and in a marked degree by the poor of 
 Port Jervis. He was born in Litchfield, Conn., May 
 10, 1808, and removed later to Otsego Co., N. Y., 
 where, at such times as were possible, he attended the 
 public school, and later the academy at Albany, N. Y. 
 He subsequently joined the corps of engineers engaged 
 in the construction of the Delaware and Hudson Ca- 
 nal. He remained with this corps until the comple- 
 tion of the enterprise in 1828, and was then appointed 
 superintendent of the section upon which he had been 
 engaged. He was afterward made assistant engineer, 
 and remained with the company until 1838. Mr. 
 Farnum later became resident engineer of the Black 
 River Canal, during which time very important 
 works were constructed which greatly enhanced his 
 professional reputation. 
 
 He came to Port Jervis, then a small village, in 
 1842, and became a partner with Charles St. John in 
 the general mercantile business. This was continued 
 by him with successive partners until the year 1861, 
 when he retired from trade. 
 
 Mr. Farnum was identified with all the prominent 
 
 business interests of Port Jervis. He was one of the 
 directors in the Bank of Port Jervis, established in 
 1853, and its president from 1867 until his decease. 
 He was also the first president of the Port Jervis 
 Gas-Light Company, and continued to fill the office 
 during the remainder of his life. 
 
 He was instrumental in the organization of the Port 
 Jervis Water- Works, and in 1872 was elected presi- 
 dent of the company. Upon the organization of the 
 Barrett Bridge Company in 1871, Mr. Farnum was 
 chosen a director and its vice-president. 
 
 In 1868 he became a member of the Reformed 
 Dutch Church, and ever after manifested much lib- 
 erality in gifts to the church of his adoption. The 
 present edifice was erected at a cost of §40,000, of 
 which $13,000 was contributed by him. This was 
 followed by the presentation of an organ, at a 
 cost of $3000, and later by the erection of a chapel 
 adjoining the church, at a cost of $15,000. Soon 
 after a contribution of $2500 was made to the li- 
 brary of the theological seminary at New Bruns- 
 wick. Numerous smaller bequests testify to the 
 large-heartedness of the man. The private bene- 
 factions, which brought relief to the suffering, fed the 
 poor and clothed the naked, are numberless, and ex- 
 emplified by the giver the Divine injunction, " Let 
 not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth." 
 Mr. Farnum was one of twelve children, but four 
 of whom survive him. He was twice married ; first, 
 to Miss Abigail Ann, daughter of the late Stephen 
 St. John, Jan. 11, 1837, who died in May, 1874; and 
 a second time, to Mrs. Diana Farnum, in 1879. Mrs. 
 Farnum still survives her husband. 
 
 FIK.'^T NATIONAL BANK OF PORT JERVIS. 
 
 This institution was established by purchasing the 
 charter and franchise of the National Bank at Delhi, 
 Delaware Co. The organization at Port Jervis was 
 effected in the spring of 1870, and business was com- 
 menced on the 1st of June. 
 
 The bank was first located in the Stewart block, on 
 Pike Street. The present elegant and convenient 
 banking building, at the corner of Ball and Sussex 
 Streets, was erected in the fall of 1877 and the follow- 
 ing winter. It was occupied for business in the spring 
 of 1878. The first board of directors were Jacob 
 Hornbeck, Eli Van Inwegen, E. Freedman, H. B. 
 Wells, L. E. Bevans, Frank Kunkel, M. C. Everitt, 
 Amos Van Etten, L. E. Elston, Abram Swartwout, 
 Benjamin Van Fleet, Allen Everitt, R. W. Palmer. 
 The first officers were Jacob Hornbeck, president; 
 M. C. Everitt, vice-president ; George A. Guernsey, 
 cashier. 
 
 Mr. Hornbeck served as president until Jan. 1, 
 1874, when he was succeeded by M. C. Everitt, the 
 present incumbent. Mr. Everitt served as vice-pres- 
 ident until Jan. 25, 1871. He was succeeded by Amos 
 Van Etten, who continued in that office until Jan. 9, 
 1872, when George S. Reddington was appointed. 
 
^.-/■Jjc 
 
J 
 
(JZti^ a^ ^'-<j 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 739 
 
 The latter •served until January, 1874, when Eli 
 Van Inwegen, the present vice-president, was chosen. 
 
 Mr. Guernsey served as cashier until March 1, 1871, 
 when he was succeeded by Mr. M. C. Everitt, who 
 continued as cashier until his election to the presi- 
 dency, January, 1874. At that time C. F. Van In- 
 wegen, who had served as teller for about two years, 
 was appointed cashier, and is the present incumbent 
 of that office. Tlie present book-keeper, Mr. S. L. 
 Mapes, has been in the employ of the bank for six 
 years i)ast. 
 
 The capital of the bank is $100,000. The deposits 
 amount to about $150,000 ; the loan account is nearly 
 .*200,000, and the bank has a surplus of $7000. The 
 building and fixtures cost in the neighborhood of 
 $10,000. 
 
 The present board (November, 1880) consists of 
 George Armstrong, James Bennett, John Caskey, M. 
 C. Everitt, W. P. Hornbeck, John B. Layton, Abram 
 Swartwout, L. N. Stanton, Solomon Van Etten, Eli 
 Van Inwegen, C. F. Van Inwegen, Henry B. Wells, 
 Alexander Gordon. 
 
 Eli Van Inwegen. — Mr. Van Inwegen is identi- 
 fied not only by birth, but by business associations 
 with Port Jervis, the village of his residence. He is 
 the youngest child of Benjamin and Charity Cole Van 
 Inwegen, and was born April 23, ISlii, in the town 
 of Deerpark. 
 
 His maternal grandparents were Cornelius W. and 
 Hannah Gumaer Cole, of the same township, with 
 whom his early life was spent. During this period 
 the common schools of the neighborhood afforded 
 him the only education he acquired, his time being 
 also partially employed in labor upon the farm. 
 
 Mr. Van Inwegen succeeded to a portion of his 
 grandfather's estate, which influenced him to con- 
 tinue his farming pursuits until the year 1860, when 
 the sale of much of his land enabled him to retire 
 from active labor. During 1870, Mr. Van Inwegen 
 became identified with the Port Jervis Savings- Bank 
 as its president, and the year following was elected its 
 treasurer, which position he now fills. He has also 
 been for several years the vice-president of the First 
 National Bank of Port Jervis. These responsible 
 offices indicate in a marked degree the integrity and 
 Ijusiness capacity which has marked his career through 
 life, and which inspires the confidence of all citizens. 
 Mr. Van Inwegen is a Democrat in his political pref- 
 erences, and though not an aspirant for official honors, 
 has served both as supervisor and justice of the peace 
 of his native town. He is a regular attendant upon 
 the services of the Reformed Dutch Church, though 
 not a member. He was married Dec. 30, 1841, to 
 Miss Elizabeth M., daughter of Crissy Bull, of Pike 
 Co., Pa. They have had three children, — Julia, Cor- 
 nelius, and Charles F. The latter, the only surviving 
 child, was born in the year 1849, and graduated at 
 Eutgers College, New Brunswick, in 1871. He is 
 now cashier of the First National Bank of Port Jervis. 
 
 I 
 
 THE PORT JERVIS SAVINGS-BANK 
 was opened for business March 1, 1870, having been 
 organized a few weeks preceding that date. The first 
 trustees were as follows: Eli Van Inwegen, Charles 
 W. Douglass, Wm. C. Rose, James H. Norton, Peter 
 Wells, E. A. Brown, E. P. Gumaer, James Shay, Peter 
 P. Swartwout, William Fossard, Abraham J. Cudde- 
 back, F. R. Broadhead, John I. Westbrook, Jacob 
 May, Frank Kunkel, Simon Westfall, Orville J. 
 Brown, H. R. Stewart, Thomas J. Lyons, Andrew 
 Cuff, Charles S. Burrell. 
 
 Eli Van Inwegen was chosen president ; Horace 
 K. Stewart, Peter P. Swartwout, vice-presidents ; Peter 
 Wells, secretary and treasurer. The first depositor 
 was Jacob Brandt. Business was at first done in the 
 store of Everitt & Rightmeyer, corner of Sussex and 
 Front Streets ; also for a time on Pike Street, in the 
 Walsh block ; afterwards at the corner of Ball and 
 Sussex Streets, opposite the present First National 
 Bank. Horace K. Stewart succeeded Eli Van Inwe- 
 gen a.s president, and the latter became secretary and 
 treasurer. At the present time (November, 1880) the 
 business of the bank is being closed and the deposit- 
 ors paid off" in full. 
 
 X.— PLACES OF SPECIAL NOTE OH OF HIS- 
 TOKIC INTEREST. 
 
 TRI-STATES ROCK. 
 Considerable interest attaches to this solid land- 
 mark. The boundary lines of three States — New 
 York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania — intersect at this 
 point. By standing over the copper bolt sunk in the 
 rock a person may be in the three States at the same 
 instant. The rock is at the extreme point of the 
 tongue of land lying between the Delaware and the 
 Neversink, at the mouth of the latter. The whole 
 formation is rocky, and will stand the wear of the 
 floods for centuries to come as it has for centuries past. 
 Visitors will find the rock by an easy walk from 
 Port Jervis, entering the gate of Laurel Grove Ceme- 
 tery and traversing its quiet paths. The well-known 
 name. Carpenter's Point, arose from the earl}' settle- 
 ment of the Carpenter family upon the opposite 
 shore of the Neversink. The old homestead was the 
 present Coonrad Snyder place. The early dwelling- 
 house, and the jnoneer store in connection with it, 
 were upon the site of the present residence. The 
 early burials of the Carpenter family were in the 
 orchard upon this place. After the opening of Laurel 
 Grove Cemetery, Mr. John D. Carpenter purchased a 
 lot near to the extreme point. The remains were re- 
 moved to this lot. Carpenter's Point is therefore now 
 rightly named in a double sense, both of settlement 
 and burial. The old ferry upon the turnpike from New- 
 burgh to Milford crossed the Delaware at this point. 
 The exact position of the Tri-States Rock as deter- 
 mined by officers of the United States Coast Survey, 
 given in a report bearing date May 14, 1874, is the 
 following: Latitude, 41° 21' 22.63"; longitude, 74° 
 
740 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 41' 40.70"; azimuth of boundary line, 300° 45' 38". 
 (See annual report of State geologist of Xew Jersey 
 for 1874.) 
 
 THE SITE OF THE OLD DUTCH CHURCH, 
 
 within the limits of Port .Tervis, is suggestive of olden 
 memories. The precise location was opposite the old 
 burial-place, on the other side of the street, just south 
 of and not far from the present residence of Charles 
 Van Invvegen. Here the early families came to wor- 
 ship in those times when perpetual vigilance was not 
 only the price of liberty but of personal safety. Here 
 stood the humble log " meeting-house" of 1743, in 
 wiiich was offered as acceptable worship as ever arose 
 to heaven from the costly cathedrals of the Old World, 
 or the elegant churches of our own modern times. 
 Here came Brant, the great Indian leader, in July, 
 1779, and with his savage forces burned this pioneer 
 house of worship, its flames rising to heaven in ap- 
 pealing protest against tiie wanton sacrilege. Up to 
 this beautiful hill, pleasant even then in the wilder- 
 ness, came the fathers and mothers, l>ringing their 
 children for the baptismal blessing. Here the mar- 
 riage ceremony was solemnized, founding new house- 
 holds of the faithful. Here the dead were brought 
 for the last service of the church, and from its open 
 doorway there moved many a sad procession to the 
 burial-ground near by, led liy the beloved pastor, pro- 
 nouncing the same words of Christian consolation 
 that now fall upon bereaved and mourning hearts. 
 
 THE VAN ETTEN SCHOOL- HOUSE, 
 from which the teacher, Jeremiah Van Auken, was 
 taken out and cruelly murdered by Brant's expedi- 
 tion in July, 1779, was located on the old Levi Van 
 Etten farm, now the property of Mark Van Etten. 
 Its exact site was about one-fourth of a mile north of 
 what is known as Black Rock Cut, on the Erie Rail- 
 road, and very near to the present Mark Van Etten 
 dwelling-liouse.* 
 
 THE FORTS 
 mentioned in all the early annals gather about them- 
 selves most of the traditions of Indian attacks, and 
 their location is a matter of considerable interest. In 
 the upper neighborhood there was one fort at the house 
 of Jacob Rutsen DeWitt. This was near Cuddeback- 
 ville, on the west side of the Xeversink, at the present 
 Tillotson place. The exact position is said to have 
 been between the present house and the small build- 
 ing at the corner of the roads. This fort was just at 
 the foot of the hill where the Suckapack valley joins 
 the main valley of the united streams, and admirably 
 situated for observation and defense. 
 
 Another of the forts in the upper neighborhood was 
 at the Gumaer place, now tlie Godfroy estate. Here the 
 old stone building is still standing, and in excellent 
 
 • It seems necessary to say that the incident alluded to here, aa well 
 as eeTeral others given below, rest on no official reports made at the 
 time, and must be regarded largely as matters of family tradition. 
 
 preservation. It occupies a commanding position, 
 and the place is very suggestive of early history, of 
 thrilling incidents in the border wars of this region. 
 The entire property here, comprising a large estate, is 
 now owned by Mr. Godfroy, a wealthy German of 
 New York, who has erected a handsome residence 
 not far from the old fort. He has made many im- 
 provements. A latest specimen of wind-mill now 
 pumps the water from the historic old spring around 
 which the colonists of 1690-95 located tlieir early 
 cabins. Large and convenient barns have been 
 erected, and with rare sporting taste Mr. Godfroy 
 has a collection of dogs that may well delight the 
 eye of a fancier. The man in charge, Mr. John 
 Conroy, delights to exhibit his pets, and with true 
 Hibernian courtesy shows his visitors through the 
 clean, neat dog quarters, the feed-kitchen, and the 
 ample yards where the dogs have their daily exercise. 
 
 Besides these two forts tliere was still another in 
 the upper neighborhood, prol)ably just over the line 
 in Sullivan County, at Westbrookville. Another 
 still is mentioned as having been at the house of 
 Mr. Depuy. 
 
 Of the forts in the lower neighborhood we have the 
 following items : 
 
 In the account of incidents occurring during the 
 time of the Old French War, it is stated that on 
 one occasion the Indians lay in ambush to take " the 
 lower fort at Mr. Westfall's." This was probably the 
 one located in what is now Germantown, which has 
 special mention below. It may, however, have been 
 further down the river. 
 
 In the lower neighborhood it is said that Brant's 
 expedition first attacl;ed "the fort at Major Decker's." 
 This was the George Cuddeback place of late years, on 
 the east side of the Neversink, about three miles from 
 Port Jervis. Another fort was at the house of Daniel 
 Van Auken, near the present brick house, the resi- 
 dence of the late James D. Swartwout. Another still 
 is mentioned by Peter E. Gumaer "at the house of 
 Peter Coykendall, in the present village of Port 
 Jervis." 
 
 THE OLD STONE HOUSE IN GERMANTOWN. 
 
 This venerable building is thus described by a local 
 writer : The present structure, rebuilt in 1793, occu- 
 pies the site of a fort or block-house built some time 
 anterior to the Revolution, and occupied as a dwelling 
 and trading-post by a family of the name of Hayne, 
 who emigrated from the lowlands of Holland in 1760, 
 and carried on a thriving trade with the Indians tor 
 many years. 
 
 Capt. Westfall, who married one of Mr. Hayne's 
 daughters, is said to have lived in this house during 
 the Brant invasion of 1779. Capt. Westfall, together 
 with the other inhabitants of the neighborhood, was 
 away scouting against an expected attack of the 
 Indians from the South, but the latter came in from 
 another way. A trusty negro buried the valuables 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 741 
 
 belonging to the house, brought a horse to the door 
 which the captain's wife mounted and made her escape 
 to the high liills on the Jersey shore, near Carpenter's 
 Point. The first child born in the old trading house 
 to Capt. Westfall was a daughter, Alice, who became 
 the wife of Peter Decker. 
 
 The old fort was one and a half stories high. The 
 front half story was solidly constructed of stone hewn : 
 from the mountain rocks, with alternate layers of logs 
 lapping and interlapping each other, the crevices being 
 filled with mud and improvised mortar until the de- 
 sired height was reached. The structure was then 1 
 covered with an incongruous roof of saplings ingeni- 
 ously twined together and overlaid crosswise with 
 those of larger growth, the insterstices being filled with j 
 dirt and gravel, and the whole cemented with a thick 
 coat of river clay, rendering it secure against ingress 
 and impervious to the action of the elements. Loop- 
 holes serving in the capacity of light and for defense 
 were constructed in different parts of the fortress. 
 The foundation walls of the present building and a | 
 small portion of the upright wall are said to be the 
 same as those of the early fort. JIartinus Decker su- 
 perintended the rebuilding, and lived there afterwards. 
 It has had many subsequent owners, and is a genuine 
 historic building. j 
 
 INBIAN BURIAL-PLACE. 1 
 
 The Port Jervia Gazette, June 6, 1869, has the fol- 
 lowing article : 
 
 " \ few days ago two young geotlemeli residing in tliis village, while 
 strolling along the Lank of the Neversink River about three miles east 
 of Port Jervis, on the lands of Mr. Levi A'an Etten, discovered parts of 
 two skeletons which had become unearthed by the caving in of the 
 bank. The parts found consisted of two skulls, thigh, shin and arm- 
 bones, and two alioulder-blades, all in a partially decayed condition. An 
 under-jaw, with a full set of teeth in sound condition, was also found ; 
 also an Indian arrow-head. It is a well-known fact that there is an old 
 Indian burying-ground on the farm of Mr. Van Etten on the east bank 
 of the Neversink at the place above mentioned, the graves occupying an 
 area of about ten acres. A large rock juttin;; out in the bend of the 
 river luis caused a wearing away of the bank by the action of tlie water 
 making inroads on the burying-ground year after year until about six 
 acres only remain. From time to time remains of the abol-igines bulled 
 there have been unearthed, and many more have been carried down the 
 stream. The existence of this burying-ground has been traditionally 
 known for years, but the first exhumation of bodies was made about 
 thirty years ago by Isaac Clark, a workman in the employ of Mr. Van 
 Etten, who, while digging a bole in the ground in which to bury pota- 
 toes, struck with his spade what proved to be the skull of an Indian war- 
 rior. Isaac was somewhat startled on first making the discovery of 
 human remains, but speedily recovering his self-possession he com- 
 Dienced making further researches, which resulted in bringing to light 
 the perfect skeleton of an Indian in a sitting posture, with his face turned 
 towards the west as if to watch the departing rays of the setting sun, 
 this being the position in which the Indians place their dead for burial. 
 The articles found deposited in the grave were a tomahawk, arrow-barbs, 
 a huge sheet-iron tobacco-bo.\ well filled with tlie comforting weed. A 
 similar box contained a pocket-handkerchief covered with Indian de- 
 vices, which had probably been presented by some white person. All the 
 bodies found were in the same position as the above. It is probable 
 this burial-ground belonged to the Minisink Indians, who once roamed 
 through this valley." 
 
 In connection with the above we would mention the 
 " Willehoosa" or Indian house, as it was called by the 
 early Dutch settlers of the valley, — a cavern dug out 
 
 of a rock on the side of Shawangunk Mountain not flir 
 distant from the burial-ground. This cave contains 
 three departments about the size of an ordinary room. 
 
 XI.-INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. 
 It might be expected that in this town, with its sev- 
 eral streams and with so enterprising a village a« 
 Port Jervis, there would exist various large manufac- 
 turing enterprises. This is not the case. The indus- 
 trial interests of the town are of a varied character. 
 In the valleys along the streams there are alluvial 
 lands, where many valuable farms are found. Upon 
 the higher lands there are also portions which are 
 capable of cultivation, yielding fair returns for labor. 
 There are also numerous farms of excellent grazing 
 capabilities. The agricultural productions of the 
 town to be shown in the forthcoming report of the 
 last census will doubtless compare favorably with 
 other towns in this vicinity. 
 
 Along the line of the Delaware and Hudson Canal 
 there are various interests connected with boating and 
 transportation which have tended to develop growth 
 and prosperity. The opening of the canal was an 
 event of great importance to this town as well as to 
 all others along its route. It was, however, the open- 
 ing of the Erie Railroad which was the real source 
 of the modern growth of Port Jervis, and the devel- 
 opment of the material interests of the town. By the 
 location of the Erie works at this point, — the machine- 
 shops and the round-houses for two important divi- 
 sions of the road, — a large number of employes settled 
 here immediately. This in turn developed trade. 
 Buildings were required, and to build these demanded 
 other laborers, and so by a combination of circum- 
 stances the village of Port Jervis grew rapidly both 
 in business and population. The Erie Railroad is 
 the chief factor in producing this result. There are 
 two foundries doing a business of considerable extent ; 
 there are glove manufactories, a boot- and shoe-manu- 
 factory, a furniture-factory, a sash- and blind-factory, 
 and other similar enterprises ; no one of them of very 
 large proportion, but together constituting quite an 
 addition to the business of the place. The trade ne- 
 cessary to supply the incoming population became an 
 important enterprise, and as it increased from this 
 source in the first place, it soon drew to Port Jervis 
 as a common business centre the people of the sur- 
 rounding country for some distance. 
 
 GLASS MANCFACTURE 
 has become an industry of considerable imjiortance. 
 The factory near the canal in Port Jervis proper is 
 owned by Wm. Pountney. It was established by the 
 firm of Pountney & Brox, and was managed for a 
 time by that firm. Afterwards Mr. Brox retired, 
 and Mr. Pountney has carried on the same alone for 
 : eight or ten years. The principal line of work con- 
 ; sists of lamp- and lantern-globes and castor-bottles. 
 About 100 hands in all, men and boys, are employed. 
 
742 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 The glass-works in Germantown were established 
 in 1873 by Mr. Brox, who had retired from the above- 
 named firm. Soon after Mr. Wade Buckley was asso- 
 ciated in the business, and the firm-name became 
 Brox & Buckley, as it remains at present. The line 
 of work is the same as that made at the Pountney 
 establishment. xVbout the same number of hands are 
 employed, and the business done may be approxi- 
 mately stated at 1100,000 a year. Brox & Buckley 
 have their buildings very conveniently situated near 
 to the Erie Railroad, with a branch track, so that 
 their coal is dumped directly into their sheds and all 
 their shipments made with facility and promptness. 
 
 THE ERIE MACHINE-SHOPS, 
 with the round-house and the other buildings neces- 
 sary to their immense business, cover a large area of 
 ground. This station is the dividing point between 
 two important divisions of the road. The place is a 
 very hive of busy industry. The arrival and depart- 
 ure of numerous trains, the continual switching to be 
 done in the yard, the great locomotive stable, where 
 each fiery steed has his appointed " stall," the machine- 
 shops, the station buildings, with their varied offices, 
 together constitute a business of vast proportions. 
 The business of the " Delaware Division" of the 
 Erie and its branches, Lackawanna to Honesdale, 
 Susquehanna to Carbondale, is done at these yards. 
 Three hundred and ninety-four men are employed. 
 
 GLOVE MANUFACTURE. 
 F. W. Stowells engaged in this branch of industry 
 some years ago ; Edward H. Allen also for a time ; 
 Charles Chant commenced making gloves in 1874, 
 and continues in the business at the present time, 
 employing several hands, and making an excellent 
 line of goods. His establishment is upon Pike Street, 
 Port Jervis. On Front Street, C. F. Blizzard is en- 
 gaged in the same business to some extent. 
 
 SASH- AND BLIND-FACTORY, PORT JERVIS. 
 This business was opened in 1861 by Turner & 
 Brother, and soon after Swinton & AVells purchased 
 the establishment. In 1863-64, J. M. Cago entered the 
 •firm in the place of Mr. Swinton. In 1874, Mr. 
 Wells sold out, and J. M. Cago became the sole pro- 
 prietor, and is still carrying on the business. The 
 buildings are conveniently situated, and a fine qual- 
 ity of work is manufactured. 
 
 FOUNDRY OF SWINTON, SHIMER & CO. 
 This was established in 1862 or 1863 by Swinton 
 Bros. Subsequently, in 1870, or about that time, the 
 firm became changed to its present form. An exten- 
 sive business is done, especially in the manufacture 
 of stoves. A great variety of other castings are also 
 made, and agricultural implements to some extent. 
 The firm have a very large store on Front Street, 
 where tlicir stoves are sold at wholesale and retail. 
 
 together with an extensive line of general hardware; 
 about twelve hands are employed. 
 
 FOUNDRY OF ST. JOHN & MALVEN. 
 This old and well-known establishment, 39 and 41 
 Front and Jersey Avenue, is engaged in an extensive 
 manufacture of stoves, agricultural implements, and 
 miscellaneous castings. In the hardware-store (of 
 late years under separate management) the produc- 
 tions of the foundry are kept for sale, together with 
 all varieties of goods common to this business. 
 
 THE STONE GRIST-MILL AT PORT JERVIS 
 was built in 1834 by Dr. Ball, of Brooklyn. The 
 water-power is supplied by the overflow of the Dela- 
 ware and Hudson Canal. It has done a large and ex- 
 tensive business from the beginning to the present 
 time. It is now a part of the estate of the late H. H. 
 Farnum, and the lessee is Thomas Sharp. 
 
 A. B. GOODALE'S FURNITURE-FACTORY, 
 on Jersey Avenue, corner of Fowler Street, has been 
 a marked feature of Port Jervis for many years. In 
 connection with this are extensive salesrooms, located 
 near the post-office. 
 
 PRESERVATION OF GREEN FODDER. 
 An experiment (it can hardly yet be called an in- 
 dustrial enterprise) has been made by Mr. Wade 
 Buckley, of the Germantown Glass-Works. The 
 theory is one developed recently in French agricul- 
 tural publications, and tried last year to some extent 
 in Massachusetts. Mr. Buckley has two pits, — one 
 twenty-two feet long, fifteen feet wide, and nine feet 
 deep, and another eight and a half feet deej), with 
 the same length and breadth as the other. The fodder 
 (sowed corn or anything similar) is cut into small 
 pieces and then packed close in the pits. It is then 
 pressed down by weights, the intention being to ex- 
 clude the air substantially, as in the case of domestic 
 canned fruit. The theory supposes that after a few 
 months this may be taken out in excellent preserva- 
 tion, and with even better qualities for feed than when 
 first packed. Mr. Buckley is supposed to be the fii-st 
 one to try this process in the State of New York. 
 
 XII.-MILITAHY. 
 
 FRENCH WAR OF 1755. 
 The Indians are said to have mostly retired from 
 this section of country before the opening of this war, 
 but the settlement in the Mamakating Valley was in 
 a perilous position, owing to their known hostility. 
 To insure greater safety a majority of the women and 
 children were removed to Rochester, Wawarsing, or 
 New Paltz. At the commencement of the war there 
 were probably about thirty families within the limits 
 of the present town of Deerpark. At this time the 
 settlement was in two parts, known as the "upper 
 neighborhood" and the "lower neighborhood." The 
 former may be said in general terms to have been 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 743 
 
 north of the " old county line ;" the " lower neigh- 
 borhood" was south of that line, being the present 
 I>lace of Port Jervis and vicinity. 
 
 In the upper neighborhood three small forts were 
 erected, — one on the Neversink, at the northwest end; 
 one at the house of Peter Gumaer, in the central part, 
 and the third at the southwest end, near the residence 
 in later years of Peter Swartwout. 
 
 In the lower neighborhood there were also three 
 built. Their locations are not so definitely known,* 
 but they gave protection to about eighteen families, 
 while those of the upper neighborhood sheltered 
 about twelve families. 
 
 Incidents of these troubled times are given in the 
 General History. (Ante, p. 53.) 
 
 THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION 
 brought its additional Indian hostilities upon the in- 
 habitants of these towns. The Indians returned to 
 the old settlement as enemies to the whites. Their 
 first incursion was in 1777, when they attacked the 
 family of Mr. Sjirague, who lived in the northern 
 part of the town. The next year they attacked the 
 family of Mr. Brooks, some of whom they killed and 
 took others of them prisoners. 
 
 Previous to the above date little danger had been 
 apprehended, and at the time the militia of the town 
 were doing duty elsewhere. Capt. Cuddeback, Ger- 
 ardus Swartwout, Cornelius Swartwout, and Gerardus 
 Van Inwegen, on whose personal presence and exer- 
 tions the people chiefly relied for protection, were at 
 Fort Montgomery when it was taken ; and though 
 the others returned. Van Inwegen never did. The 
 Swartwouts escaped and Van Inwegen was killed. 
 They were a part of Col. Allison's Goshen militia. 
 
 These Indian attacks alarmed the people, and the 
 Committee of Safety, who had the charge of home 
 military defenses, began to act with vigilance. They 
 directed scouting-parties from time to time to look 
 over and scour the frontier, in doing which they 
 swept over the woods as far as Cochecton, a distance 
 of forty miles, where a few families had settled before 
 the war. Persons suspected of aiding the enemy 
 were apprehended and imprisoned by them or dis- 
 charged. The militia of the town were permitted to 
 remain at home to guard that frontier. They ordered 
 the erection of three forts in the neighborhood of 
 Peenpack, — one at the house of Jacob Rutsen De- 
 Witt, one at the house of Benjamin Depuy, Esq., 
 and the third at the house of Ezekiel Gumaer. 
 
 At this time the Peenpack neighborhood extended 
 from the line between Orange and Ulster to what is 
 now Cuddebackville, a distance of four miles. Benja- 
 min Depuy, Philip Swartwout, and Thomas Kytte 
 were the first committee for the town. The first two 
 were justices of Mamakating. Harmanus Van In- 
 wegen became a member afterwards. The lower 
 neighborhood, called " Over the River Neighborhood," 
 
 * See above. 
 
 because on the opposite side of the Neversink, ex- 
 tended down to the Delaware, and was in the old 
 county of Orange. Members of the Gumaer family 
 were sent to Mr. James Finch's, who lived at what is 
 now called Finchville. Benjamin Depuy and one or 
 two of his sons sent their wives and small children 
 to Maj. Phillip.s' for safety. Some women and chil- 
 dren encamped in the woods on the east side of the 
 Neversink for a short time. The forts were each gar- 
 risoned by a few soldiers, called nine months' men, 
 sent for the purpose from different places. 
 
 When the war commenced there were about fifty 
 families within the limits of Deerpark, which removed 
 to the forts. Oct. 13, 1778, a party of nearly 100 In- 
 dians and Tories, commanded by Capt. Brant, invaded 
 the settlement. They first fell upon the family of Mr. 
 Westfall, and killed one man. They next attacked 
 the house of Mr. Swartwout, who was at home with 
 his sons, the women having been removed to the fort. 
 They all endeavored to escape, but one of the sons 
 was shot down between the house and barn. Another 
 ran to the river, half a mile off, swam it, and was shot 
 near the opposite shore. The father, an old man, 
 and two of his other sons ran on together for his as- 
 sistance, but finding that they would .sgon be over- 
 taken, the father told his son James, a very active, 
 strong man, to run and save himself, which he did. 
 The Indians pursued him half a mile over fences and 
 across lots, when he gaijjjed the fort, and they gave 
 up the chase. The father and the other son were 
 soon overtaken and dispatched. 
 
 When the firing of guns was heard, those who were 
 out on their farms repaired to the forts at Gumaer's 
 and DeWitt's. The other fort was abandoned, as 
 there were no troops to garrison it. As there were 
 but few men in Fort Gumaer, Capt. Cuddeback, who 
 commanded, in order to deceive the enemy, paraded 
 all the women and young people back of the house 
 and fort, collected all the hats and coats about the 
 house, and put them on the women. He also placed 
 the spare guns and sticks in their hands, so that all 
 might appear to be soldiers. When the enemy came 
 ■ in sight of the fort, the captain ordered the drum to 
 beat, and marched them in Indian file from the rear 
 to the front of the fort, and entered it in a distant • 
 but distinct view of the Indians. The women and 
 children were ordered into the cellar. Anna Swart- 
 wout — a large woman, somewhat in years, the widow 
 of Maj. James Swartwout — told the captain that she 
 would take a pitchfork, which had been brought into 
 the fort as a defensive weapon, and remain with the 
 men, and assist in case the enemy should attempt to 
 enter. The captain granted the request, and she took 
 the fork, and in true military bearing walked about, 
 anxiously observing the conduct of the Indians, and' 
 ready to defend her castle. 
 
 The fort was a picket-fort with nine men, with the 
 families of the neighborhood in it. It was situated on 
 open land, and could not be approached in daytime by 
 
744 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 the Indians without their being seen ; and as the inhab- 
 itants were known to be good marlcsmen, they did not 
 approach within gunshot. As the enemy passed a few 
 shots were fired from the fort without effect. The)' 
 passed on to Fort DeWitt, wliere they took a station 
 on a hill in the woods, and fired a few shot at the fort 
 and house without any other effect than killing C'apt. 
 Newkirk's horse. The fort returned the compliment 
 with the same result, doing no harm, as was known 
 when the enemy retired from the settlement the same 
 day. They burned all the houses and barns in the 
 vicinity, except those houses which were saved by the 
 extinguishment of the fire after being communicated 
 to them. This produced great distress for a time, for 
 the inhabitants were despoiled of their grain, hay, 
 buildings, furniture, etc. The day after the enemy 
 retired, Maj. Phillips, of Phillipsburgh, arrived with 
 a company of militia, but the damage had been done 
 and the spoliators had departed. 
 
 Other interesting incidents are related of these 
 stormy years. We give them below as they are re- 
 tained in the time-honored traditions of the various 
 families. They have, however, but little support in 
 early documents, and it is difficult to see how some of 
 them can be consistent with tlie facts of history. 
 
 Capt. Brant with a company of Indians and Tories 
 invaded what we have called the "lower neighbor- 
 hood" in this town. His first assault was upon the 
 fort at Maj. Decker's, which he entered unawares, — 
 the men being out, — and two negro boys were taken 
 prisoners. Then the party proceeded to the dwelling 
 of Anthony Van Etten, Esq., where a few Indians 
 entered a blacksmith's shop, where a black man 
 worked. Mr. James Swartwout happened to be in 
 at the time, and it was agreed that he should get up 
 into the chimney and secrete himself there, and that 
 the negro should stay in the shop, as the Indians 
 probably would not kill or injure him. This was 
 done, and the Indians came in, and on looking around 
 saw no one but the negro. They took up, handled, 
 threw over and tumbled down the various articles in 
 the shop, and then one of them took hold of the han- 
 dle of the bellows and began to blow up the fire at a 
 furious rate. The negro, knowing the effect of the 
 heat and smoke on his friend in the chimney, put his 
 hand on the Indian and told him to " stop or he would 
 spoil that thing." He respected the caution and 
 ceased to blow, when they left the shop. Swartwout 
 came down quite exhausted by breathing the smoke 
 and heated air, and by the great exertion necessary to 
 brace and keep himself from falling down for so long 
 a time. The artifice succeeded and he escaped. 
 
 When the Indians were discovered approaching the 
 house of James Van Fleet the inmates fled. Roolif 
 Cuddeback, who was there at the time, ran into the 
 woods pursued by au Indian. When nearly overtaken 
 he turned upon him, upon which the Indian stopped 
 and threw his tomahawk at him, but it struck a bush 
 and missed its mark. Cuddeback closed in with him, 
 
 both being without weapons except a knife which the 
 Indian had in his belt. The struggle was severe, for 
 life or death, each endeavoring to possess himself of 
 the fatal instrument. It fell to the ground and was 
 of no use to either. The battle was continued till 
 both were nearly exhausted, when the Indian, freeing 
 himself from the grasp of Cuddeback, left him, while 
 the latter hastened to escape pursuit by the other In- 
 dians. Cuddeback was a strong man, and too power- 
 ful for the Indian, but he afterwards stated that the 
 Indian was very supple, and in the struggle became 
 naked, and his skin was so slippery that it gave him 
 the chance very readily to escape from his holds and 
 grips. It was said that the Indian died a few years 
 after, from the wounds and injuries received in the 
 encounter. The father of this Indian is said to have 
 been shot while crossing the river on horseback by 
 Capt. Cuddeback, the brother of .raines Cuddeback, 
 during this incursion. 
 
 This day there had been a funeral, and Maj. Decker 
 and some others on their return on horseback met the 
 Indians. They shot at and wounded the major, who 
 rode into the woods and escaped. There was some 
 firing at the Van Auken fort, and one man killed. 
 An Indian, attempting to get to a building near the 
 fort to set it on fire, was shot. By this time the 
 smoke of the dwellings was seen ascending in many 
 directions, and it was generally known that the In- 
 dians, with Brant at their head, were there. The very 
 name of this leader struck the inhabitants with terror. 
 An occurrence took place here which shows that he 
 still contained a spark of humanity. The Indians had 
 visited the school-house and threatened to extermi- 
 nate one generation of the settlement at a blow. 
 Jeremiah Van Auken was the teacher, and they took 
 him from the house, conveyed him about half a mile 
 ofl', and then killed him. Some of the boys in the 
 school were cleft with the tomahawk : others fled to 
 the woods for concealment from their bloody assail- 
 ants ; while the little girls stood by the slain body of 
 their teacher, bewildered and horror-struck, not know- 
 ing their own fate, whether death or captivity. While 
 they were standing in this pitiful condition, a strong, 
 muscular Indian suddenly came along, and with a 
 brush dashed some black paint across their aprons, 
 bidding them " hold up the mark when they saw an 
 Indian coming, and it would save them;" and with 
 the yell of a savage he plunged into the woods and 
 disappeared. This was Brant, and the little daugh- 
 ters of the settlers were safe. The Indians, as they 
 passed along and ran from place to place, saw the 
 black mark and left the children undisturbed. The 
 happy thought, like a flash of lightning, entered the 
 minds of these little sisters, and suggested that they 
 could use the mark to save their brothers. The scat- 
 tered boys were quickly assembled, and the girls 
 threw their aprons over the clothes of the boys, and 
 stamped the black impression upon their outer gar- 
 ments. They in turn held up the palladium of safety 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 745 
 
 as the Indians jiassed and repassed, and these chil- 
 dren were thus sa\'ed from injury and death.* Mrs. 
 Leah Van Auken escaped by hiding herself in a 
 ditch. 
 
 After the war ended the people here had much to 
 do to reinstate themselves in as good condition as 
 they were before the war commenced. Much money 
 was lost by the depreciation of the Continental paper 
 currency, and most of the buildings, together with 
 household goods and furniture, were burnt, horses 
 taken, etc. ; and as they could not make money by 
 their farming business to enable them to build, some 
 ill the upper neighborhood undertook to raft round 
 timber down the Neversink River for the Philadel- 
 phia market from the forest above the settlement. 
 The stream was rough, and even now is not navigable 
 for rafting, notwithstanding considerable money was 
 expended a few years since to make it so. In this 
 they met with many disasters : one man was drowned, 
 and the experiment was abandoned ; after which 
 timber was got out and thrown into the river, which 
 in the freshets floated down, and whatever of it could 
 be found where the river was navigable was collected 
 and rafted by the owners (each one having previously 
 marked his own) down the Neversink and Delaware 
 Elvers to Philadelphia. The navigation of the rivers 
 was then very imperfectly understood. 
 
 Before the inhabitants of the upper neighborhood 
 could commence building dwelling-houses, etc., they 
 had to build some mills to manufacture materials for 
 the purpose. Three men became partners to build 
 one saw-mill, and three others to build another, where- 
 with each manufactured materials for his own use, 
 and also for others who were not owners. One of 
 these mills (on Bush Kill) did considerable business 
 for some years afterwards. 
 
 Farms having become small before the war com- 
 menced, a large proportion of the inhabitants, a few 
 years after it ended, became desirous of emigrating 
 into a new country to advance their interests. Moses 
 DeWitt, a young man of this neighborhood, son of 
 Jacob R. DeWitt, who was naturally well talented 
 and in a great measure self-taught, after serving as 
 an under-surveyor in the business of this State to run 
 a line for dividing the States of Pennsylvania and 
 New York, and surveying some State land at and in 
 the vicinity of Tioga Point, became one of the sur- 
 veyors of the military lands; and he, together with 
 Maj. Hardenburgh, were appointed to have the agency 
 of that business. Peter G. Cuddeback, another young 
 man of this town, was employed by them for a- time 
 
 * Mr. R. Hulse, of Deposit, in a series of " Delaware Papers" (1863) 
 relates this story as he received it from one of the children who lived to 
 witliin tile writer's memory. He says Urant caught up two girls and 
 marked their aprons with hie sign, the figure of a turtle ; that after 
 being released the girls stood in a row with one girl who had a marked 
 apron in front; that the girls placed the hoys in the same order, and put 
 the other marked apron upon the boy in frout. The statement fails to 
 harmonize with the historic record that the settlement was surprised by 
 the Indians. 
 
 48 
 
 as an under-surveyor. From them early information 
 was received here of the good quality of those lands, 
 which, together with the influence of DeWitt, led to 
 the emigration of a large proportion of the inhabit- 
 ants of the place into that district of country, who 
 were among the first pioneers. This did not only ad- 
 vance the interests of tho.se who removed, but of those 
 who remained, for their farms were much enlarged in 
 consequence of it. 
 
 Maj. John Decker was one of the prominent men 
 of the Mamakating Valley at the opening of the 
 Revolution. His commission from the Provincial 
 Congress is in possession of Dr. Solomon Van Etten, 
 of Port Jervis. It bears date Feb. 28, 1776, and com- 
 missions him a-s " second Major of the Goshen Regi- 
 ment of Militia of Foot in Orange County, of which 
 William Allison, Esq., is colonel." Maj. Decker re- 
 sided on the well-known George Cuddeback place of 
 later years. 
 
 One of the objects of the Indian raids in these val- 
 leys, tradition says, was to procure the scalp of Maj. 
 Decker, for which the British had offered a reward. 
 At that time Maj. Decker's house was built of wood, 
 and it was surrounded with wooden fortifications, — 
 logs laid up, — making quite a protection against the 
 savages. This was closed by a heavy gate. It was 
 in the month of July they came. The men were in 
 the field gathering the harvest, and there was no one 
 in the major's residence except his aged mother and 
 a child. His wife and a colored woman were at the 
 spring washing. The older children were at school. 
 The major on that day was attending the funeral of a 
 brother officer at the fort, which .stood where Abraham 
 Swartwout now lives. The Indians surrounded the 
 house, and a Tory first entered and told the mother 
 that the Indians were going to burn the house, and 
 proceeded to build a fire with dry wood in the centre 
 of the floor. There were two pails of water in the 
 kitchen, and she boldly poured the water upon the 
 fire and put it out. They told her she must not do 
 that again or they would kill her. Mrs. Decker, wife 
 of the major, attempted to flee across the fields to 
 gain protection at another fort. Brant sent an In- 
 dian after her, who brought her back, and Brant 
 told her he wanted her to see her husband's residence 
 burn down and she should not be harmed. She then 
 asked him if she could save anything. He answered, 
 " Yes, anything you can." She rushed in and saved 
 two beds and bedding, and Brant directed two young 
 Indians to assist her in carrying them off to a safe 
 place. 
 
 That night the family of Maj. Decker slept on the 
 banks of the Neversink, with nothing but the canopy 
 of heaven above them. The major on his return from 
 the funeral was met by a party of Indians at a point 
 just below tlie hill at the bend of the road, where 
 Henry Hoffman now lives, between Abraham Swart- 
 wout's and Solomon Van Fleet's. He was riding 
 very fast, having seen the smoke of his burning resi- 
 
746 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 dence in the distance. He daslied tlirough the party 
 of Indians, and lie said it seemed as if they were 
 frightened, as none fired upon him, and all were look- 
 ing to the rear as if they expected a company to be 
 following him. For some cause he feared there was 
 a larger party of Indians in front of him, and he 
 wheeled his horse and rode back through the same 
 party again, when they fired upon him, wounding him 
 in the thigh and in the abdomen. He rode on and 
 turned down the old road, which was behind the hill 
 back of Hoffman's house. His horse becoming un- 
 manageable, ran into a tree-top which had fallen 
 across the road, and fastened himself there so that 
 the major could not get him loose. He left his horse 
 and went up the rocks and crept into a cave, a spot 
 where now is the track of tlie Erie Railroad. The 
 Indians pursueil to the opening of the rock, but did 
 not find him. That night he traveled on foot across 
 the mountains, and came to a liouse near Finchville, 
 now owned by a Mr. Green, where he found his son, 
 Benjamin Decker, a youth of sixteen years, who had 
 escaped from the Indians at the school-house, where 
 they came and killed the teacher. 
 
 Dr. Solomon Van Etten, from whom these particu- 
 lars are obtained, is a great-grandson of Maj. Decker. 
 Dr. Van Etten's grandmother (Mrs. Carpenter) was 
 Margaret Decker, one of the girls at the school-house. 
 The version of the marked aprons story coming down 
 from Mrs. Carjienter does not differ much from those 
 already given, except that the girls partially con- I 
 cealed the boys under their marked aprons. A 
 brother of Margaret Decker, running away from the | 
 Indians, dropped his books ; the Indians stopped and 
 he escaped. Hearing a cry, he found a child perhaps a 
 year and a half old, lost by its mother in the confu- 
 sion. Taking the child, he found his father's cow by 
 the well-known bell, procured milk for the child, and 
 carrying it away the child was saved. 
 
 The names of men from what is now the territory 
 of Deerpark who served in the armies of the Revolu- '• 
 tion, who were at Fort Montgomery and elsewhere, 
 will be found, so far as they are now to be obtained, 
 in the lists given elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 WAR OF 1861-65. 
 
 The firing upon the flag at Fort Sumter provoked 
 an outburst of patriotic feeling in Port Jervis, as well 
 as everywhere else througliout the loyal North. A 
 public meeting was held April 18th, at which Dr. 
 John Conkling presided, assisted by three vice-presi- 
 dents,— Dr. C. M. Lawrence, Dr. S. Van Etten, and 
 John Green. George Brodhead was appointed secre- 
 tary. Speeches were made, and the following resolu- 
 tions adojited : 
 
 " WlLerew,, By tlie net of South Carolina and other Southern States our 
 country haa been plunged into tlie horrors of civil war;' .and miereas, 
 they have proclaimed to the world their intention lo dissolve the Ameri- 
 can Union and break up this government, cemented by the blood of the 
 Kevolutionary sires; and H7,ereas,the traitors calling themselves the 
 
 government of the Confederate States have proclaimed their iutentions 
 to seize the National capital, therefore 
 
 "ResoIreil,T\mt as American citizens, knowing no sections but the 
 Union bequeathed to us by our father, we pledge ourselves to the feup- 
 port of our national government in their patriotic efforts to sustain the 
 constitution and enforce the laws. 
 
 " Bemhed, That the heroic defense of Tort Sumter by Maj. A nderson 
 and his eighty heroic men against eight thousand organized traitors 
 is worthy of the best days of the republic, and reHecls imperishable 
 glory upon his name and lustre upon our flag, and we hail it as a har- 
 binger that tlie Union must and shall be preserved. 
 
 " Remlvcd, That the people of Port Jervis, desirous of showing their 
 patriotism, will aid and assist in the formation of a volunteer company, 
 for the purpose of tendering their services to the Governor of New York. 
 
 '■^Resolved, That a list be opened forthwith to receive subscriptions to 
 defray expenses in forming such company, and that the funds he placed 
 in the hands of three responsible men for that purpose." 
 
 A committee on finance was appointed, consisting 
 of John Conkling, John Green, and Solomon Van 
 Etten. 
 
 DON.ATIONS FOR SOLDIERS AND SOLDIERS' FAM- 
 ILIES. 
 
 Feb. 14, 1862, Sparrowbush sent, in clothing, nearly 
 $100 worth. 
 
 Aug. 20, 1862, the ladies of Carpenter's Point do- 
 nated a valuable assortment of bandages, lint, and 
 other hospital supplies. 
 
 Aug. 22, 1802, ladies of Deerpark raised $20 towards 
 a regimental flag, and presented Capt. Bush a sword 
 worth $45. 
 
 At the opening of the struggle the first subscription 
 was carried up to nearly $1000. The wealthy gave of 
 their wealth and the poor of their poverty, the 
 single dollar of the poor laborer representing the 
 sturdy patriotism of the people as well as the $100 of 
 his wealthy neighbor. Soldiers' aid societies were 
 formed, and the women of Deerpark gave their ser- 
 vices in every possible form. 
 
 The Ladies' Aid Society, which was organized in 
 September, 1862, Mrs. H. H Farnum, president, sent 
 clothing and supplies to the amount of $843.63, as 
 shown by an itemized report of the president, and 
 the report evidently covers only a portion of the 
 society's work. 
 
 OFFICIAL ACTION. 
 
 Under date of Aug. 1, 1864, a petition signed by 
 twelve citizens was presented to the town clerk, re- 
 questing a special town-meeting for the purpose of 
 considering the question of paying bounties to volun- 
 teers. The meeting called in pursuance of this peti- 
 tion, and in accordance with law, was held August 
 10th. It was voted (220 to 16) to raise a tax of $48,600, 
 for the purpose of paying a bounty of $300 to each 
 volunteer required to fill the quota of the town of 
 Deerpark under the call of the President for .500,000 
 men. The justices presiding at this meeting were L. 
 F. Hough, James N. Penny, and William Westfall. 
 The minutes were recorded by George Brodhead, 
 town cler'K. 
 
 On the 18th of the same month, at another special 
 town-meeting, an additional tax was voted for the 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 747 
 
 same purpose of $105,300. This proposition passed 
 by a vote of 80 to 3. 
 
 Jan. 30, 1865, at a special town-meeting, duly called 
 to consider the propriety of paying bounties for vol- 
 unteers under the December call of the President for 
 troops, no vote was reached on the subject. 
 
 At a subsequent meeting, Feb. 7, 1865, a tax of 
 S50,000 was authorized by a vote of 254 to 29. 
 
 There is no soldiers' list preserved in the office of 
 •the town clerk, as intended by the law of 1865, and it '. 
 has been necessary to compile the list given below 
 from various miscellaneous sources. It may therefore j 
 include a few names from places beyond the borders 
 of the town of Deerpark, while it may not be com- 
 plete for the town itself. It has been arranged 
 mainly from the printed muster-in rolls of the State, 
 and from various memoranda in the hands of Mr. 
 William H. Nearpass. The publishers of this vol- 
 ume, as well as the citizens of Deerpark, are under 
 obligations to Mr. Nearpass for the diligence which 
 he has shown in the collection and preservation of 
 papers relating to the civil war, as well as other his- 
 torical matters, and for the cordial assistance he has 
 given in the preparation of this chapter upon the 
 town of Deerpark. 
 
 ARMY LIST, WAK OF 1861-65. 
 
 George W. Adams, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. for disability ; 
 
 wounded at Cliancelloraville. 
 Henry B. Appleraau, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ■, died in the ser- 
 vice. 
 Clement B. Anderson, Co. F, 124th; eul. Aug. 11, 1862; wounded at 
 
 ChaDcellorsville; taken prisoner and kept eleven days. 
 Louis D. Adams, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Thomas R. Alingtou, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 Judson P. Adams, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 William Ayres, 1st N . J. Cavalry. 
 Thomas Adams, Co. F, 70th; enl. April 20, 1861; pro. to Corp.; taken 
 
 prisoner at battle of Williamsburg. 
 Theron Depuy Abers, Co. F, 70th ; enl. April 8, 1861. 
 Samuel Angel, 1st N. J. Cavalry. 
 George Akins, Co. F, "0th. 
 Curtis Ackerman, Co. F, 124th. 
 Albert Adams, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior. 
 
 Aldridge, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior. 
 
 Joshua Ackerman, 5th, Anthon's Battalion. 
 
 George Althizer, Co. K, 3d, Excelsior. 
 
 Benjamin Abers, Co. D, isth ; enl. April 20, 1861. 
 
 William W. Allen, 62d ; wounded at Malvern Heights. 
 
 Cornelius D. Abers. 
 
 Theodore Aumick. 
 
 Drake Aumick. 
 
 Caleb Baldwin, Co. L, 15th Cavalry; enl. Jan. 6, 1864. 
 
 Joseph Bargus, Co. L, 15th Cavalry; enl. Dec. 31, 1863. 
 
 Harry R. Brodhead, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; wounded at Chan- 
 
 cellorsville; killed at Boydton Road. 
 Wm. Bollmos, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 James J. Baker, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 William Boyst, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; disch. from Conv..Camp 
 
 Feb. 14, 180;!. 
 Thomas E. Baird, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1862. 
 Alfred S. Barkley, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; died May 12, 1863, 
 
 of wounds received at Chancellorsville; buried near Potomac Creek ; 
 he had been pro. from sergt. to lieut. for efficient command of his 
 company at Fair Oaks. 
 Ira S. Bush, capt., Co. F, 124th ; eul. Aug. 7, 1862. 
 Conrad Bender, fifer, Co. D, 56th ; enl. Sept. 10, 1861. 
 Robert Bly tiling, 2d lieut., Co. F, 70th; resigned. 
 James T. Barkley, 2d sergt., Co. F, 70th; pro. to 2d lieut. 
 
 David Bruce, 3d Corp., Co. F, 70tli ; injured by a fall in the service. 
 
 F. A. Blauvelt, Co. F, 70th. 
 
 Joseph Benson, lieut., Co. B, 61st ; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 
 E. G. Belknap, Co. F, 70th ; killed at the battle of Williamsburg. 
 
 Abraham Babcock, Co. F, 70th. 
 
 Edward Bronson (Chester), Co. F, 124th. 
 
 Wm. Brady. 
 
 Caleb Baldwin, 143d. 
 
 James Bennett, capt., 86th ; died at Elmira, Aug. 2.1, 1862, of camp fever. 
 
 Edward Bount, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior. 
 
 G. Douglass Brewton, lieut.-col., lOtli Legion. 
 
 Cornelius Bennett (formerly of Port Jervis), 32d Iowa ; killed in battle. 
 
 W. H. Bodsford, Co. F, let. Excelsior Brigade. 
 
 Uriah Brown, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 
 Wilhelmua Bennett, Harris Light Cavalry ; wounded at Culpepper. 
 
 Thcuuas Barton, Co. D, 72d ; badly wounded at Bristow's Station, August 
 
 27th, and died August 28th. 
 James Bragg, Co. F, 70th; killed at Williamsburg. 
 John Baulf, Co. F, 70th ; wounded al Williamsburg. 
 John J. Benegar, Co. F, 70th ; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 Horace W. Bristol (formerly of Port Jervis), Co. L, Ist N.J. Cavalry; 
 
 pro. to capt. 
 F. Bundle, Co. F, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 John Boyden. 
 Jacob Budd. 
 George W. Buchanan. 
 John Badgely. 
 
 George W. Cortiight, Co. L, 15th Cavalry ; enl. Dec. 30, 1863. 
 Samuel S. Crawford, corp,, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 James Comay, Co. K, 124th; enl. Aug. 11,1862; wounded at Gettysburg, 
 
 July 2, 1863. 
 Jonathan S. Crawford, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; wounded Oct. 
 
 12, 1863 ; also Nov. 27, 1864. 
 James Carty, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 
 James Cunningham, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; wounded at Chan- 
 cellorsville. 
 Levi Cortright, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, 
 
 July 2, 1863. 
 Wm. S. Cook, Co. F, 124th ; enl, Aug. 11, 1862, 
 Wm. V. C. Carmer, Co. F, 124th ;■ enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; killed at Chancel- 
 
 loi-sville. May 3, 1863. 
 Eli Coddington, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; wounded in the Wil- 
 derness. 
 John Curry, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Jeremiah Cole, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 I Hugh Caskey, Co. F, 70th, 
 Elisha Clark, 143d. 
 
 Josiah Conkling, Co. F, 124th ; also served in Co. F, Ist, Excelsior. 
 Harvey Conklin. 
 Wm. Coleman, 5th, Anthon's. 
 W. Conklin, wounded at "Williamsburg. 
 Solomon Carr, Co. A, 124th. 
 Thomas Cuddeback, 6th, Anthon's. 
 
 James Carpenter (formerly of Deerpark), taken prisoner. 
 Silas T. Conkling, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior. 
 Hugh Carey, Co. F, 1st, Ex. Brigade; wounded in the leg. 
 "Wm. Conn, naval service. 
 Matthias Coleman, 1st N. J. Cavalry. 
 Sanford Clauson, New York regiment. 
 Wm. Campbell, Co. F, 70th ; enl. April 20, 1861 ; taken prisoner at the 
 
 battle of Williamsburg. 
 Solomon Cuddeback, 2d Wisconsin; wounded in the head. 
 John Cuddeback, 2d Wisconsin. 
 
 Daniel Cuddeback, Anthon's Battalion of Artillery; enl. Sept. 6, 1862. 
 Lewis Cuddeback, Anthon's Battalion of Artillery ; enl. Sept. 6, 1862. 
 Hyde Crocker, lieut., Ist N. J. Cavalry ; a prisoner at Lihby. 
 Edward J. Cormick, lieut., Co. F, 124th ; killed before Petersburg. 
 Martin Covall, Co. F, 124th ; died in the service. 
 W. H. Corley, Co. F, 124th. 
 
 Jeremiah C. Decker, Co. L, 15th Cavalry ; enl. Dec. 21, 1863. 
 Wro. W. Decker, Co. F, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; Corp. ; disch. April 1, 
 
 1863. 
 John Z. Drake, sergt., Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1802 ; killed at Gettys- 
 burg, July 2, 1863; buried on the field; funeral at Baptist Church, 
 Port Jervis, July 19th. 
 W. Walter Decker, corp., Co. F, 124th ; eul. Aug. 12, 1862 ; died of disease 
 Dec. 24, 1862 ; remains sent home. 
 
V48 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Reuben Doty, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellore- 
 
 ville. 
 Abrani T. Drake, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 John D. Drake, Co. F, I24th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 
 Nelson Dunlap, Co. F, V24th; enl. Aug. 12, 1862; discb. for disability. 
 C. H. Dusenberry, let corp., Co. F, 70th; enl. April 20, 1861 ; pro. sergt.; 
 
 wounded at Williamsburg, and taken prisoner. 
 Isaac L. Decker, 2d corp., Co. F, 70th ; pro. sergt.; died of wounds re- 
 ceived at Gettysburg. 
 Coe Decker, Co. F, 79th. 
 
 Frank Dill, Co. F, 70th; wounded at Yorktown; lost a leg. 
 Daniftl Danforth, 5th, Authon'a. 
 Henry Degraw, 1st N. J. Cavalry. 
 Peter Degraw, Co. F, l8t. Excelsior. 
 Seneca Degraw, Co. F, lei. Excelsior. 
 Robert Davis, Battery E, 1st Pa. Art. 
 Jolin Dardis, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 Alfred Decker, Co. D, 18th. 
 James Daley, Co. D, 18th ; killed at Gaines' Blill, June 27, 186^ ; left on 
 
 the field. 
 Joseph Davis, Co. D, IStli. 
 Alpheiis Decker, 14th. 
 Sanford Decker, 14th. 
 John Dunn, Duryea's Zouaves. 
 
 C. S. Dodge, 1st lieut., Co. F, 70th ; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 Capt. E. M. Doming (Middletown), died of wounds in rebel prison. 
 Coe Durland (formerly of Deerpark), raised a company of cavalry in 
 
 Honesdale, Pa. 
 J. C. Decker. 
 Lemuel E. Elston, ord. sergt, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; discb. 
 
 for disability Oct. 30, 1862. 
 Chauncey A. Elston, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; disch. April 16, 
 
 1863. 
 James M. Everitt, 5th, Anthon's Battalion ; eul. Sept. 6, 1862. 
 Frederick Eldridge, Co. D, 18tb. 
 Wm. Elston, missing at battle of Williamsburg. 
 A. J. Edsall, sergt., Co. M, 1st N. J. Cavalry. 
 Jehiel Edson, Co. 1), 18tli ; missing at Gaines' Mill. 
 John T. Fisher, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; trans, to military band, 
 
 Philadelphia; wounded at Chancellorsville. 
 Abram P. Fransisco, sergt., Co. F, 124tb ; eul. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Peter P. FuUerton, Co. F, 70tb. 
 J. W. FuUerton, Co. F, 70tb ; died at Yorktown. 
 Wm. Friss, Co. F, let, Excelsior. 
 
 Charles Fingarr, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade ; wounded. 
 N. E. Fountain, Co. F, Ist, Excelsior Brigade; wounded at Williams- 
 burg. 
 Oliver P. Fish, let. Excelsior Brigade; enl. April 20, 1861. 
 George H, Fossard, surgeon, 146th. 
 George W. Fernald, 82d ; severely wounded at Gettysburg ; he was the 
 
 first man lliat enlisted from Deerpark. 
 Amzi Fuller, Co. D, 18th. 
 Henry Fountain, wounded. 
 
 John Fowler (^formerly of Port Jervis), N. J. Cavalry. 
 J. A. Fowler, sergt., Co. F, 5Uth ; killed in battle of Fredericksburg. 
 George H. Fossard, assistant surgeon. 
 Oliver P. Gilsou, Co. L, lotb Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Samuel H. Gilsou, Co. L, 15th Cavalry; enl. Dec. 30, 1863. 
 Thomas O. Goble, Co. L, 15th Cavalry; enl. Jan. 2, 1864. 
 John R. Gurnee, Oo. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 George Garret, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, 
 
 July 2, 1863. 
 Floyd S. Goble, Co. F, 124th; eul. Aug. 11, 1862; wounded at Gettysburg, 
 
 July 2, 1863. 
 Isaac G. Giiaon, Co. F, 124tb; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; killed at Gettysburg, 
 
 July 2, 1863. 
 Ira Gordon, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; lost an arm at Gettysburg. 
 Josiah Garrison, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 Edward H. Garrison, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 Jacob Garrison, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; wounded at Cbancel- 
 
 loraville. 
 Sanford L. Gordon, Co. F, 124tb ; eul. Aug. 15, 1862 ; wounded July 9, 
 
 1863, at Beverly Ford; killed at Spottsylvania. 
 Lewis Groeland, Co. D, 56th; enl. Sept. 13, 1861. 
 Albion Goldsmith, drummer, Co. F, 70th. 
 Joseph Gould, wagoner, Co. F, 70th ; enl. May 21, 1861 ; injured by being 
 
 thrown from a wagon. 
 
 Charles Ginnerman, Co. F, 70th ; trans, to 4th, Excelsior. 
 
 Gilbert H. Garrison, Co. F, 124th. 
 
 David H. Galloway. 
 
 Francis Galloway, 143d. 
 
 Wm. Goble, 137th. 
 
 Alfred Gordon, 5th, Anthon's. 
 
 Daniel Gordon, Co. F, 70th ; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 
 Mark Galloway, 143d. 
 
 Edward Gilbert, 70tb. 
 
 John Gallopp, 70th. 
 
 Jebiet Gilson, Co. D, 18th. 
 
 Frank Gould, wagoner, TOtb. 
 
 Peter Garvey, a western regiment ; killed at battle of Winchester. 
 
 Lyman Gregory. 
 
 Charles F. Higby, Co. L, 15th Cavalry; enl. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 
 Charles Hindley, Co. L, loth Cavalry; enl. Dec. 30, 1863. 
 
 Charles C. Haxter, Co. E, I24th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862. 
 
 Samuel W. Hotcbkiss, 2d licut., Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 
 Alva Hough, Co. F, 124th. 
 
 Horace Hammond, sergt., Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; wounded at 
 Spottsylvania. 
 
 Charles H. Hull, corp., Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 
 James N. Hazen, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; wounded at Beverly 
 Ford, June 9, 1863. 
 
 Peter A. F. Haunaka, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; died May 16, 1863, 
 of wounds received at Chancellorsville. 
 
 John J. Harrigan, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 
 Wm. H. H. Hunt, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 12, 1862; died of disease April, 
 1863 ; buried near St^jneman switch, on the railroad. 
 
 Nathan Hunhler, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862. 
 
 Thomas Holt, capt., Co. F, 70th ; pro. major and lieut.-col. 
 
 D. G. Hunter, 2d lieut., Co. F, 70th. 
 
 Peter Ilolliushead, Co. F, 70th ; wounded at Chaucellorsville. 
 
 S. R. Harrison, Co. F, 70th ; enl. April 20, 1861 ; wounded at Wappings' 
 Heights. 
 
 Daniel W. Havens, C^). F, 70th ; eul. April, 1861 ; disch. for disability. 
 
 Henry Holt, Co. F, 7ath. 
 
 Peter Hoyt, Co. F, 70th ; trans, to Ambulance Corps. 
 
 Joseph Hedding, 5tb, Anthun's. 
 
 Robert Hoag, 5th, Anthon's. 
 
 Henry D. Hoffman, N. Y. City regiment. 
 
 Isaac Hay, 70tli. 
 
 John Hays, navy. 
 
 John Harring, 5th, Duryea's Zouaves. 
 
 Orange D. Horton, Monitor battery. 
 
 Joseph Hayden, 5tb, Duryea's Zouaves. 
 
 D. S. Hardenbergh, assist, surgeon. 
 
 Nathan Hushler, Co. F, 124th. 
 
 Amos Hardee. 
 
 Michael Holland, Co. F, "Otb. 
 
 Charles L. Billiard, Co. F, 70th; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 
 Thomas Hassett, Co. F, 70th. 
 
 Charles F. Higby. 
 
 Mai-shal Havens, Co. F, let, Excelsior Brigade : enl. April 20, 1861. 
 
 Peter Henion, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 
 Jacob Herle, killed near Richmond. 
 
 Philip Hess. 
 
 Thomas H. Jeffrey, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; killed at Chancel- 
 loreville, and buried on the battle-field. 
 
 Lewis Jump, Co. F, 70th ; trans, to Co. G. 
 
 Sanford Jacoby, Co. F, 70th; pro. sergt. 
 
 Thomas B. Johnson, 109th. 
 
 John Jollaff, Co. F, 70th ; wounded at Gettysburg. 
 
 W. E. Johnson (formerly of Port Jervis), assist, surgeon, 109th N. T. 
 Vols. ; pro. surgeon. 
 
 James Kittle, C-o. L, loth Cavalry; enl. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 
 John L. Kalbfus, corp., Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; trans, to a Vir- 
 ginia regiment as lieut. 
 
 Orlando U. Knapp, coi-p., Co. F, 124th , enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; killed at Get- 
 tysburg, July 2, 1863, and buried on the field. 
 
 Charles P. Kirk, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 21, 1862 ; wounded at Chancel- 
 lorsville. 
 
 Bernard F. Kean, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 18, 1862 ; killed at Chancellors- 
 ville. 
 
 M. F. Knapp, Co. F, 70th ; killed at the battle of Williamsburg. 
 
 Erastus Knapp, Co. F, 70th. 
 
 Thomas Kealy. 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 749 
 
 Josepli Kennedy, Co. F, 70th ; enl. Aug. 18,1862. 
 
 Michael Karmrel. 
 
 Asa Kaywood, Co. F, TOtli ; enl. Aug. 30, 1862. 
 
 George H. Laiigtou.Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg, July 2, 1863. 
 
 N. M. Lambert, sergt., Co. F, 7oth ; enl. April '20, ISGl ; pro. corp. ; re-enl. 
 Dec. 1, 1863; wounded at Chancellorsville. 
 
 James Lowe, Corp., Co. F, 70tli. 
 
 Stephen Leonard, Co. F, 70th ; killed at the battle of Williamsburg. 
 
 Joseph C. Lambert, Co. F, 70th ; enl. April 20, 1861 ; pro. Corp.; wounded 
 at Wapping Heiglit.s ; disch. to re-enl. 
 
 Samuel Lambert, Co. F, 70th : pro. corp.; taken priBOuer at Williama- 
 burg. 
 
 James H. Linley, Co. M, 1st N. Y. Cavalry ; enl. Oct. 19, 1861 ; pro. corp. ; 
 taken prisoner at Beverly Ford. 
 
 AmoB Liudley, 70th. 
 
 Robert Lane, 1st N. J. Cavalry. 
 
 George Love, 70th. 
 
 George W. Lyon, Co. F. 1st, Ex. Brigade ; killed at Fair Oaks. 
 
 Alpheiis Lambert, killed at the battle of Williamsburg. 
 
 David Lott, 1st N. J. Cavalry. 
 
 G. M. Lewis, Co. F, 70th ; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 
 Thomas Larkin, Co. F, 70th ; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 
 C. Lester, Co. F, 70th ; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 Benjamin Lester, Co. F, 70th ; wounded at Fair Oaks. 
 Horace Lana (formerly of Deerpark), lieut., 18tli. 
 Wm. liyong. 
 
 Isaac Myers, Co. L, l.Jth Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 1. 1864. 
 
 John C. Magie, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 18G2 ; trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Andrew J. Mesler, Co. F, 124th; eul. Aug. 20, 1862. 
 
 Andrew J. McCarty, Co. F, 124th ; onl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; killed at Chancel- 
 lorsville. 
 
 James McCandey (Warwick), capt., Co. F, 70th. 
 
 Aaron Michaels, a western regiment ; killed at the battle of Pea Ridge. 
 
 J. L. Martin, sergt., Co. F, 70th. 
 
 John Miller, Co. F, 70th ; enl. April 20, 1861 ; detailed to U. S. general 
 hospital. 
 
 John Maxwell, 5th, Duryea's. 
 
 James Mulhearn, 5(h, Anthon's ; enl. Sept. C, 1862. 
 
 George Morgan, Co. A, I24th. 
 
 Elson Misner. 
 
 James McDougall, 15th, 
 
 A. H. McCorniick, Co. 1, 162d. 
 
 D. H. Blead, Co. F, Ist, Ex. Brigade; enl. May 2, 1861 ; wounded at the 
 
 battle of Williamsburg. 
 George Mouro, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 Thomas Murphy, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade ; wounded seven times in 
 
 the Wilderness. 
 William W. McNutt, Co. F, let, Excelsior Brigade; pro. corp. 
 S. C. Myers, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade; wounded at Gettysburg, and 
 
 died. 
 George Mitchell, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 Jared I. Mitchell, Co. F, 70th; enl. Sept. 1, 1861. 
 Wm. Magee, Co. F, let. Excelsior Brigade ; trans, to 4th Regt. 
 Careon S. Middagh, Co. D, 18th. 
 
 Samuel G. Maginnis, Co. D, 18th ; died July 21, 1862, in Brooklyn. 
 H. K. Murford. 
 
 Robert Maiues, Co. F, 70th: wounded at W^illiamsburg. 
 Thomas Murphy, Co. F, 70th ; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 Addison Martin, Co. F, 70th; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 Samuel C. fliyers, Co. F, 70th ; wouuded at Williamsburg. 
 John McCoy, Co. F, 124th. 
 Isaac Myers, Jonah McBride. 
 N. II. Marsh, surgeon. 
 
 Uriah Nickerson, Co. M, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 21, 1864. 
 Henry Newman. 
 
 Maj. John Nyce (Milford), 4th Penna, ; wouuded before Richmond. 
 James Nickerson, 7nth. 
 Charles Newkirk, 19th. 
 
 Patrick Nooning, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade ; wounded at Gettysburg. 
 Wm. H. Newman, Co. F, Ist, Excelsior Brigade ; pro. sergt. 
 Frank H. Nelson, 2d lieut. ; killed at the battle of Williamsburg. 
 Charles Nibs, Ist New Jersey Cavaliy. 
 Philip M. Ogg, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1802 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, 
 
 and disch. for disability. 
 John G. Ogg, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; wounded in the thigh by 
 
 a rifle-ball at Chancellorsville; left in the hands of the rebels four- 
 
 teen days; paroled ; brought to Federal hospital at Potomac Creek ; 
 his wound dressed for the first time; he died at Alexandria, June 
 26, 1863. 
 Wm. H. Oilell, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade ; died in Camp Mainland. 
 Charles H. Patterson, Co. L, 15th Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 9, 1864. 
 Theodore Patterson, Co. L, 15th Cavalry ; enl. Dec. 30, 1863. 
 Erastus M. B. Peck, sergt , Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; had served 
 
 in loth N. Y. M. 24 years; wounded at Spottsylvania. 
 Charles Peters, corp., Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 12, 1802; wounded at 
 
 Chancelloi-sville, May 3, 1803. 
 Wm. H. Patterson, corp., Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 Jehiel Price, musician, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 Thomas B. Peck, Co. G, 124th; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; disch. Feb. 9, 1863. 
 Daniel Pray, 70th. 
 Nathan Patterson, Co. D, 18th. 
 
 Joseph Pray, Co. F, 70th ; enl. Aug. 19, 1862 ; taken prisoner at Chancel- 
 lorsville. 
 Stephen B. Parker, 124th. 
 
 Stephen S. Parker, Co. F, 7iith ; enl. Aug. 19, 18G2. 
 Edwin Pepper, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 S. H. Potter, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 Wm. Padgett, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 A. Pagen, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 John Penny, corp., Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 C. F. Pellett, Co. F, 70th ; missing at Williamsburg. 
 
 Thomas J. Quick, let lieut., Co. F, 124th; eul. Aug. 13, 1862; wounded 
 at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863; trans, to Co. G, Jan. 1, 1864. 
 
 Martin W. Quick, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; disch. Jan. 12, 1864. 
 
 Amsey W. Quick, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 24, 1862; killed at Gettysburg, 
 July 2, '.863, and buried on the battle-field, 
 
 John Quinn, Co. F, 1st, 5th Brigade. 
 
 Michael Rensselaer, corp., Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 
 Freeman H. Rossman, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 
 Frederick Rundle, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 
 Charles Roberty, Co. F, 124lh ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 
 George Richards, Co. C, 40th. 
 
 James B. Ross, Co. F, 70th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 
 Peter V. Rundle, 5th, Anthon's; enl. Sept. 6, 1862. 
 
 Charles Ross, wounded at Williamsburg. 
 
 Peter Biley, 124th. 
 
 Wm. Russell, 5th, Duryea's Zouaves, 
 
 Oliver Rosencrans, 5th, Anthon's. 
 
 John G. Rosencrans, died June 19, 1862, at Baltimore, of wounds; re- 
 mains brought home for burial in Laurel Grove Cemetery. 
 
 Frederick Rider, 70th. 
 
 John D. Redner, Co. H, 124th. 
 
 Martin Rosecrans, Pennsylvania regiment. 
 
 James W. Royce, 1st New Jersey Cavalry. 
 
 A. H. Rogers, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 
 A. Roberson, Co. F, Ist, Excelsior Brigade. 
 
 Hiram Roomer, Co. F, Ist, Excelsior Brigade, 
 
 James S. Rosencrans, Co. F, Ist, Excelsior Brigade ; wounded at Williams- 
 burg and died. 
 
 Thomas Ross, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 
 Wm. H. Sargent, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade; wounded at Williams- 
 burg. 
 
 J. H. Spear, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 
 H. Schmidt, Co. F, Ist, Excelsior Brigade ; killed at "Williamsburg. 
 
 Wm. Shearer, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade ; pro. to quartermaster sergt. 
 
 Calvin Shaw, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade; died in the service. 
 
 Wm. H. Schofield, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 
 Edward Sharp, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 7, 1862; wounded at Beverly 
 Ford, June 9, 1863. 
 
 Jeremiah Cisco, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 
 JobM. Snell, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 12, 1862; wounded at Chancellors- 
 ville, and trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 George W, Sherman, 1st lieut., Co. F, 70th; resigned, 
 
 J, Sheridan, 3il sergt., Co. F, 70th ; pro. to 1st sergt. 
 
 Oliver Sloan, Co. F, I24th. 
 
 James Smith, Co. F, 124th. 
 
 Griffin Sheldon, Co. D, 18th ; died of camp fever at Harrison's Landing, 
 July 20, 1862. 
 
 John N. Skinner, navy. 
 
 Martin V. Smith, Co. D, 18th. 
 
 Charles Snyder, 5th, Anthon*8. 
 
 John Singler, Co. D, 18th. 
 
 Charles Smith, 128tb. 
 
750 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Jolin Shiiulon, sergt.; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 
 John Snyder, 6th, Zouaves. 
 
 Warren Scott, Co. G, 1st, Excelsior; wounded at Chancellorsville. 
 Charles Sexton, 70th. 
 
 Emory Storms, Co. B, let, Excelsior Brigade. 
 
 Henry Sexton, 70th. 
 
 Joseph Spade. 
 
 Stephen Cisco, 143d. 
 
 P. H. Sheldon, wounded at Williamsburg. 
 
 Henry Strader, nGth. 
 
 James Stack, Co. F, 124th. 
 
 Charles R. Smith, Co. C, let Muunted Rifles. 
 
 Charles Strader, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade ; died in the service of dis- 
 ease; remains brought home for burial. 
 
 George Smith, 179th Pennsylvania. 
 
 Job M. Snell, Co. F, 124th ; wounded at Chancellorsville. 
 
 Warren Scott, Co. G, 70tli. 
 
 John T. Sherman, Co. C, 20th ; wounded at second battle of Bull Run ; 
 taken prisoner. 
 
 George G. Sledge, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 
 Daniel Schultz, 1st New Jersey Cavalry. 
 
 Henry Smith, Co. F, 70th ; killed at Williamsburg. 
 
 John S. Schofield, Co. F, 124th ; wounded at Spottaylvania. 
 
 George L. Stacey. 
 
 Henry Smith, 2d. 
 
 JohnQ. Tuttle. C^). B, 7tli Cavalry; enl. Dec. 19, 1861. 
 
 Lewis Trisler, Co. E, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6. 1SG2. 
 
 Robert Travis, musician, Cu. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1SG2. 
 
 Robert Turner, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 20, 18G2. 
 
 David Titsworth, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; died of disease Dec. 
 28, 1862. 
 
 James H. Taylor, corp., Co. F, 124th; oul. Aug. 11, 1862; wounded at 
 Gettysburg. 
 
 Jesse Terwilliger, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1S62; died Jan. 2,1863. 
 
 Benjamin L. Tompkins, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 
 George W. Tompkins, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 11, 1862. 
 
 John Taylor, Co. M, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 
 George 0. Taylor, Co. F, 124th. 
 
 John Thorp, 5th, Anthon's; enl. Sept. 6, 1862. 
 
 Peter Terwilliger, 5th, Anthou's ; enl. Sept. 6, 1862 ; pro. to 2d lieut., Co. 
 A, 168th. 
 
 George Templer, Corcoran's Brigade. 
 
 George W. Tompkins, Co. F, 124th. 
 
 Jesse Tillotson. 143d. 
 
 James Thompson, Co. F, 70th ; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 
 Maurice W. Tuthill, Co. A, 19th. 
 
 James Titsworth, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade; wounded. 
 
 Wm. H. Townley, Co. F, Ist, Excelsior Brigade ; pro. to corp. ; wounded 
 at Gettysburg. 
 
 Henry Titsworth, Co. D, 18th ; wounded at Gaines' Mill, June 27, 1862. 
 
 J. B. Thorp, sergt.; taken prisoner. 
 
 Wm. Thorpe, corp., Ist New Jersey Cavalry. 
 
 Jnmes Tillman, 1st New Jersey Cavalry. 
 
 Wm. Van Riper, Co. B, 7th Cavalry; enl. Dec. 19, 1861. 
 
 Wm. C. Van Sickle, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Ang. 15, 1862; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg, July 2, 1863. 
 
 John Van Houghton, Co. F, 124th; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; disch. July 15, '63. 
 
 George Van luwegen, 5th, Anthon's ; enl. Sept. 6, 1862 ; had served as ser- 
 geant in 1st New Jersey Cavalry. 
 
 Cornelius C. Van Inwegen, 5th, Anthon's. 
 
 Ed. Van Etten, 2d lieut., Co. B, Ist New Jersey Cavalry. 
 
 Thomas Van Etten (formerly of Port Jervis), lieut., 2d Minnesota. 
 
 Solomon Van Etten, Jr., first surgeon of the 10th Legion. 
 
 Ed. Van Horn. 
 
 Aaron T. Westfall, Co. L, 15th Cavalry ; enl. Dec. 30, 1863. 
 
 George W. Westfall, Co. L, 15th Cavalry; enl. Dec. 30, 1863. 
 
 Wm. H. Wright, Co. L, 15th Cavalry; enl. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 
 Lewis Williams, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 
 Richard L. White, Co. F, I24th ; enl. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 
 Ira Wilcox, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862; died Nov. 4, 1863, of wounds 
 received at Chancellorsville. 
 
 Ransom Wilcox, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 
 John D.Wood, Co. M, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 27, 1864; liad previously 
 served in the 70th. 
 
 Benjamin Whitaker, Corp., Co. F, 70th; enl. April 20,1861; re-enlisted; 
 pro. to 1st sergt.; noted for bravery ; commanded his company in 
 several battles; killed in action. 
 
 Joseph Wickham, Co. F, 124th. 
 
 Carl August Weisennaner, Co. F, 70tb. 
 
 Samuel A. Wood, 1st New Jersey Cavalry. 
 
 Henry ^Villiams, navy. 
 
 Wallace Webb, 166th. 
 
 George M. W'ilson, 151st Pennsylvania. 
 
 Andrew J. Williams, Co. H, 124th. 
 
 A. C. Wood, Co. F, 1st, Excelsior Brigade. 
 
 George Warren, Co. F, 70th; wounded at Williamsburg. 
 
 Ed. Williams, Co. F, 70th; wounded at Gettysburg. 
 
 John M. Young, Co. F, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862.* 
 
 SOLDIERS BURIED IN THE TOWN. 
 
 Lieut. Daniel M. Brodhead, died June 1, 1864; Laurel Grove Cemetery. 
 
 Samuel G. Meginnis, buried July 23, 1862. 
 
 Charles Strader, died Nov. 9, 1861. 
 
 Capt. James Bennet, died of fever, 1862. 
 
 Silas Beckwith, died of disease in the service. 
 
 John G. Rospcrans (a boy of seventeen), died June, 1861. 
 
 George Rockett, died June, 1865. 
 
 Zachariah E. Predmore, died in the service. 
 
 Jehiel Price, died in the service. 
 
 Mashelon Smith, died in hospital, 18C3. 
 
 Cornelius C. Shinier, killed at Spoftsylvariia. 
 
 Cornelius C. Bennett, died in the hands of the rebels. 
 
 Mulford Van Inwegen, died in the service. 
 
 W. W. Decker, died. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 PETER P. SWARTWOUT. 
 The Swartwout family are one of the oldest in 
 Orange County, and the name is closely allied to its 
 early history. Its members were stanch patriots 
 during the Revolution, and suffered much from Indian 
 and Tory invasions as a consequence. The progeni- 
 tor of the race in America was Ruloff Swartwout, who 
 left the dikes and fertile flats of his native Holland 
 about the year 1750, as nearly as can be determined. 
 He possessed all the heroic virtues peculiar to the sons 
 of the Fatherland, which have in a marked degree been 
 transmitted to successive generations of the family. 
 Ruloff Swartwout had a family of children, the ex- 
 act number of which is not known. It is, however, 
 probable that among them were Anthony, Thomas, 
 and Gerard us, each of whom settled at Peenjiack Flats, 
 in 1690. Peter P., the subject of this biography, 
 traces his descent directly from Anthony, who had 
 three children, — Samuel, James, and Jane. 
 . Among the children of James was Philip, who lo- 
 cated on land now occupied by Peter P., which has 
 been for more than two centuries in possession of 
 members of the family. Philip as early as 1751 mar- 
 ried Miss Antje Wynkoop, also of Holland ancestrj', 
 who was among the early inhabitants of Ulster 
 
 * There were eleven recruits secured in Deerpark at one time, and 
 twenty at another; botli lists, or at least one of them, for the regular 
 army. There were also fifteen colored men enlisted here for a Rhode 
 Island regiment, but no record of the names of these forty-five is pre- 
 served in Port Jervis. Lieut. Baxter enlisted thirty men in Deerpark 
 for Fii-st N. T. Engineers. Some of the names may be in the above list, 
 but there is no list preserved. Seventeen of Company V, 70th, re-en- 
 listed. 
 
^.^^5^ 
 
I 
 
 ' 
 
\ I 
 
 V/-.;?^^-^^^ u:^'^-^^Ce6<L^^<ycyJ 
 
 
DEERPARK. 
 
 rsi 
 
 County. During the conflict between New York and 
 New Jersey, involving the settlement of the boundary 
 line, she was taken prisoner and suffered death as the 
 result of illness and exposure. Philip had children, — 
 Gerardus, Cornelius, Philip Jr., and Jacobus, by the 
 first marriage, and by a second, to Miss 8choonover, 
 one son, Peter. The latter was married Jan. 2-t, 1788, 
 to Miss Jane Westfall, their children being Simeon, 
 Philip, Sallie. James D., Samuel, David, and Deborah. 
 Of this number, Philip, the father of Peter P., was 
 united in marriage to Mrs. Esther Westbrook West- 
 fall, and had six children, — Peter P., Jane, Catharine, 
 Henry B., Elizabeth, and Sarah. Of this number but 
 four — Peter P. and three sisters — survive. The former 
 was born in Sussex Co., N. J., May 25, 1817, and spent 
 his early life upon the homestead in Deerpark, — the 
 home hallowed by associations of the past, and bearing 
 in indelible bloodstains evidence of the conflicts and 
 struggles of his heroic forefathers during the French 
 and Indian wars. The common schools afforded him 
 all the educational advantages at the time available, 
 and his early training guided his tastes in the direction 
 of agriculture as a vocation. He has since continued 
 to cultivate the soil, and been a conspicuous example 
 of the industry and practical wisdom which are the 
 certain forerunners of success in life. 
 
 Mr. Swartwout was married, Nov. 10, 1842, to Miss 
 Hannah, daughter of Benjamin Cuddeback, of Port 
 .Tervis, and the following year removed to his present 
 home, where he has since resided. They have had 
 nine children, — Catharine (Mrs. D. S. DeWitt), Je- 
 mima, Jane (Mrs. H. J. Bidwell), Elizabeth, Philip, 
 Esther, Ellen, Benjamin, and Henry. Six of these 
 are still living, and four reside under the parental 
 roof. Mr. Swartwout is not an aspirant for jjolitical 
 honors. He has, however, filled two terms as super- 
 visor of his township, has been elected justice of the 
 peace, and has been a director in both the National 
 Bank and the First National Bank of Port Jervis. 
 He was during the existence of the militia law of the 
 State a skillful military tactician, and held the rank 
 of lieutenant-colonel when the law was repealed. His 
 religious preferences are for the Reformed Dutch 
 Church, of which he is a cordial supporter. 
 
 MOSES VAN INWEGEN. 
 
 Moses Van Inwegeu, the subject of this biograph- 
 ical sketch, was the son of Cornelius Van Inwegen, 
 who was born March 23, 1772, and Deborah, his wife, 
 whose birth occurred Oct. 9, 1774. Their family 
 circle included seven children, of whom Moses, the 
 eldest, was born Dec. 6, 1796. His early life was not 
 varied by incidents of special importance. The pur- 
 suits of his father were those of an industrious agri- 
 culturist, and the son, having been educated to the 
 same calling, instinctively followed the vocation of 
 his parent. The neighboring public schools afforded 
 
 him advantages of education when the demands of 
 the farm were not imperative ; the latter, however, 
 speedily absorbed his entire attention. Mr. Van In- 
 wegen was united in marriage Jan. 9, 1823, to Miss 
 
 MOSES VAN INWEGEN. 
 
 Susan Mapes. They had eight children, of whom 
 five are now living. He was married a second time, 
 July 6, 18.50, to Miss Eliza, daughter of Abram Shi- 
 mer, who is the mother of six children, all of whom 
 survive. 
 
 Mr. Van Inwegen had few political aspirations, 
 though a firm Republican, and at all times zealous 
 for the success of his party. A taste for military 
 tactics was early developed by him, and before the 
 State military law was abolished he rose to the rank 
 of captain of militia. He was a regular attendant 
 upon the services of the Reformed Church, and, 
 though not a member, responded cheerfully to de- 
 mands for aid in its behalf. 
 
 Moses Van Inwegen's death occurred April 22, 
 1863, at the homestead, which is now occupied by 
 Mrs. Van Inwegen and her children. 
 
 GEORGE CUDDEBACK. 
 The Cuddeback family is one of the oldest in 
 Orange County, the name having been originally 
 spelled Caudebec. They are of Huguenot extraction, 
 and among the French refugees who fled from relig- 
 ious persecution on the revocation of the edict of 
 Nantes, in 1683. The town of Caudebec, in Nor- 
 mandy, founded as early as the year 1400, — a bor- 
 ough containing a population of about 10,000, and 
 evincing much commercial enterprise, — was origi- 
 
752 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 nally the stronghold of the family, from which they 
 emigrated either to England or Holland, probably 
 the latter country. Jacob Cuddeback (or Caudebec), 
 previous to the year KitiO, came to America, having 
 landed in Virginia, where he remained a brief time, 
 and then settled on the east bank of the Hudson 
 River, north of New York, where he engaged in the 
 fiir trade. He was then twenty years of age, and 
 may be regarded as the progenitor of the family in 
 the Empire State. He married Margaret, daughter of 
 Benjamin Provost, a trader in the city of New York. 
 About the year 1690, in company with the Swart- 
 wouts, Gumaers, and others, he located in the valley 
 of the Neversink, which is now largely populated by 
 their descendants. Jacob and Margaret Cuddeback 
 had a family of nine children, among whom was 
 William, who married Jemima Elting, of Old Paltz, 
 and was the father of five children, among whom was 
 Benjamin, who was united in marriage to Catharine 
 Van Fliet, and had seven children, among whom was 
 Henry, the father of George Cuddeback. Henry, 
 above mentioned, was born March 23, 1771, and was 
 married to Esther Gumaer, in 1794, whose birth oc- 
 curred Sept. 23, 1774. Their family embraced eight 
 children, — Catherine, Elizabeth, Simeon, Jacob G., 
 George, Huldah, Cynthia, and Benjamin. The birth 
 of their youngest son, George, occurred in Deerpark, 
 Aug. 10, 1815. His early life was spent at the place 
 of his nativity. In 1830, with his father, he removed 
 to the farm now owned and occupied by him, which 
 came into his possession in 1846, and where the re- 
 mainder of his life has been passed. 
 
 Dec. 21, 1848, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Margaret, daughter of John D. Carpenter, of Car- 
 penter's Point, whose family were the owners of much 
 valuable property in the immediate vicinity. They 
 have had seven children, — Henry G., John D., Mary 
 Ellen, Est'her, Margaret Alice, Martha E., and George, 
 Jr. The survivors of this number are George, Jr., 
 Martha E., and Henry G., the latter of whom was 
 married, Sept. 18, 1878, to Miss Libbie O'Riley, whose 
 death occurred Nov. 29, 1879. 
 
 Mr. George Cuddeback has been an unflinching 
 advocate of the principles of the Democracy during 
 his lifetime, though he has never sought oflice at the 
 hands of his party. His pursuits as well as tastes 
 have led him into the more quiet walks of life. Mr. 
 Cuddeback has been for years a director of the First 
 National Bank of Port Jervis, and a stockholder in 
 each of the banks of that place. Both Mr. and Mrs. 
 Cuddeback are zealous members of the Reformed 
 Dutch Church of Port Jervis. 
 
 NATHAN SKINNER. 
 
 The Skinner family in America were originally 
 
 represented by seven brothers who emigrated from 
 
 England at an early date, four of whom settled in 
 
 Canada, and the remainder in the United States. At ' 
 
 a later period two removed to New York State, and 
 one to New Jersey. Daniel Skinner, the grandfather 
 of Nathan, the subject of this biography, who was 
 descended from one of these brothers, was jirobably 
 born in New Jersey, and during his minority re- 
 moved to Orange County, which continued to be his 
 residence until his death. He married Miss Mary 
 Smith, of New York, and had children, — Moses, 
 Jephtha, and Stephen, and seven daughters. Of this 
 number, Moses remained in the county of his birth 
 until 1826, when he removed to Canada. He was 
 married Feb. 17, 1807, to Miss Mary Archa, who was 
 of Scottish ancestry, and whose parents resided at 
 Red Hook, on the Hudson. The following children 
 were theirs : Nelson, Elisha, Natlian, Julia Ann, 
 Moses O., Joseph, Salome, Elizabeth, and Drayton 
 B., each of whom reached mature years. Of this 
 number, Nathan was born near Otisville, in Oraifge 
 County, Sept. 7, 1816, and spent his early life under 
 the parental roof. He afterwards, in company with 
 his ftither, repaired to Canada, and later to Ohio. 
 With no resources at command other than those 
 which nature had provided him, and equipped with 
 a brave heart and a ready hand, he began the battle 
 of life. Believing an honest trade to be among the 
 most honorable of employments, he acquired that of 
 a carriage-maker, and in 1839 removed to Port Jervis, 
 where for fourteen years he devoted himself with un- 
 remitting industry to his mechanical occupation. 
 Having previously had no opportunities of education, 
 he availed himself on his return to the East of forty 
 days at the public school. The acquirements of Mr. 
 Skinner during this brief period, though of necessity 
 limited, enabled him to gain the rudiments which 
 greatly assisted in his future career. In 1840 he was 
 married to Miss Aseneth, daughter of John D. Car- 
 penter, whose family were early settlers at Carpenter's 
 Point, where his father was an extensive land-owner 
 and largely interested in business enterprises. She is 
 also a direct descendant of Maj. Johannes Decker, of 
 historic memory, whose family early experienced all 
 the horrors incident to Indian and border warfare. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Skinner have been the parents of three 
 children, — Martha Ellen, John N., and Charles N., 
 of whom John N., born in 1844, is the only survivor. 
 He was in 1865 united in marriage to Miss Anne M. 
 Malven, who was born in Stroudsburg, and later re- 
 moved with her parents to Iowa. They have two 
 children, — Charles N., and John M., both of whom 
 are now pursuing their studies. Nathan Skinner in 
 1853 retired from business, and three years later pur- 
 chased his present residence, located on the east bank 
 of the Neversink, and adjoining the corporation of 
 Port Jervis. Since that time he has followed agri- 
 cultural pursuits, varied by occasional operations in 
 real estate. In politics Mr. Skinner is an ardent and 
 uncompromising Republican. Official life presents 
 for him no attractions ; his name will not, therefore, 
 be found upon the roll of office-holders. His religious 
 
NATHAN SKINNER. 
 
<l/iri 7<^^^<K 
 
 9 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 7o3 
 
 belief is in harmony with tlie creed of the Reformed 
 Dutch Churcli, to which he contributes a liberal sup- 
 port, and of which both Mrs. Skinner and her daugh- 
 ter-in-law are active members. 
 
 LEVI VAN ETTEN. 
 The Van Etten family is closely identified with 
 the development as well as the early settlement of 
 Orange County, and therefore enter largely into the 
 valuable historical data which the denizens of the 
 county have preserved with a commendable zeal. 
 They are also allied by ties of affinity or consanguin- 
 ity with all the prominent families of the Neversink 
 Valley, and the country contiguous to it. A brief 
 resumi having been already given elsewhere, renders 
 a repetition here unneccessary. The year 1743 wit- 
 nessed the advent of Anthony Van Etten, the. great- 
 grandfather of Henry, in the valley of theKeversink, 
 who was the progenitor of the family in the imme- 
 diate vicinity. Among his children was Levi, who 
 also had a son of the same name, who married Miss 
 Eleanor Carpenter, and was the father of the follow- 
 ing children : Margaret, who became Mrs. Simeon 
 Westfall ; John, Jr., Jacob, Benjamin, Levi, Ann 
 
 Eliza, Solomon, Alva, and Ellen. Of this number, 
 John, Jr., now deceased, entered the political arena 
 at an early day, was for three years supervisor of 
 the township, and at a later period elected sheriff of 
 Orange County, and subsequently served a term as 
 representative in the State Legislature. Levi, a 
 brief sketch of whose life is here embodied, was born 
 April 12, 1822, on the homestead, of which he is now 
 owner. He early engaged in farming pursuits with 
 his father, after a brief time spent in study at the 
 public school of the neighborhood. L'pon this spot 
 his industrious but uneventful life has been spent, a 
 portion of the estate having been inherited by him on 
 the death of his father, June 7, 1865, in his seventy- 
 fifth year. Mr. Van Etten was in 1876 married to 
 Mrs. Mary E. Green, daughter of Silas Chapman, of 
 Orange Co., N. Y. The Chapman family emigrated 
 at an early day from England to Saybrook, Conn., 
 and from there to Orange County, from whence they 
 eventually removed to Ohio. Mr. Van Etten has 
 always affiliated with the Democratic party, but has 
 never sought official honors, and consequently never 
 been an office-holder. He is a liberal supporter of 
 the Reformed Dutch Church, of which his wife is 
 an active member. 
 
 OORlSrWALL. 
 
 I.— SITUATION, BOUNDARIES, AKEA, TITLE. 
 
 The town of Cornwall lies upon the Hudson River, 
 and nearly central along the eastern line of the 
 county. It is bounded north by New Windsor, east 
 by the Hudson River, south by Highlands and Mon- 
 roe, west by Monroe and Blooming-Grove. 
 
 In the act of the supervisors, passed at the annual 
 meeting of 1872, the present south boundary of Corn- 
 wall is described as " drawn from Sherwood's Rock, on 
 Hudson River, running thence westerly to a house 
 now or recently occupied by William Lancaster ; 
 thence in a direct line to the house of William Chat- 
 field ; thence to the house of John Odell ; thence to 
 the highest peak of Mount Rascal, to the line of the 
 town of Monroe." 
 
 Sherwood's Rock, the initial point on the river, is 
 the steep bluff at the base of Crow's Nest, and is so 
 called from the fact that a man of that name lost his 
 life some years ago by falling over the precipice at 
 that place. 
 
 Mr. Lewis Beach, writing in 1873, gives the follow- 
 ing description of the remainder of the outline of the 
 town : 
 
 " From the intersection with the Monroe Jine, our town line then runs 
 in a northwest direction along the lands of W. H. Smith (late Robert H. 
 Berdell) until it strikes the southwest corner of the town of Blooming- 
 Grove ; thence almost due north along Miy, Sherman's farm and through 
 the village of Salisbury until it reaches the New W'indsor line, on the 
 lands of Isaac Denniston. It then takes an easterly direction, and con- 
 tinues straight on to the river, passing a little south of the former Tail's 
 Gate Station on the Newburgh Branch ; through Woodward's and (late) 
 Judge George's lands, and comingoutat Sloop Hill, just far enough to the 
 south to leave the portly proprietor of the Half-way House in the town of 
 New Windsor. From Sloop Hill the line follows the river down to Sher- 
 wood's Rock, the point of beginning." 
 
 The area embraced within these boundaries is prob- 
 ably about 15,000 acres. This can only be approxi- 
 mately stated, as there is no accurate information on 
 file at Albany as to the area of towns in this State, 
 and assessors' reports or individual computation are 
 the only authority. 
 
 The title to the soil of Cornwall is to be traced 
 back to the patents described in the General History. 
 For convenient reference the following list may be 
 given here. Nearly all of them are wholly within 
 the boundaries of the present town, the remainder are 
 in part: 
 
 Mary Ingoldsby and her daughter, Mary Pinhorne, 
 
754 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 and Mary Pinhorneand John Pinhorne, grandchildren 
 of Mary Ingoldsby, one patent of 4000 acres, and one 
 of 1360 acres, granted Aug. 11, 1720. On this patent 
 Canterbury is situated, and the territory towards the 
 river, Sloop Hill, Cornwall Landing, etc. West of 
 this was a patent to John Lawrence of 2000 acres, 
 dated April 9, 1719; this was the Bethlehem tract. 
 Other patents were Patrick MacGregorie, 500 acres, 
 Aug. 6, 1720, north side of Butter Hill ; Ebenezer 
 Wilson and Benjamin Aske, 2000 acres " between the 
 hills in Schunemunk" ; John Nelson, 1265 acres, Oct. 
 4, 1762 ; Thomas Moore and John Osborne, 1850 acres, 
 March 14, 1775; Henry Townsend, 2000 acres ; Smith 
 & Wilkin, 190. acres, April 15, 1768; Smith & Wilkin, 
 a second patent, south of Ingoldsby's, 160 acres, April 
 15, 1768; Edward Blagg and Johannes Hey, 2000 
 acres, March 28, 1728, mostly in Blooming-Grove; 
 John Lawrence, 765 acres, April 9, 1719. 
 
 II.-NATURAL FEATURES. 
 
 This town comprises a portion of the " Highlands 
 of the Hudson," celebrated in story and song, famous 
 in war and peace, and full of interest in every light in 
 which they may be examined. The mountains, ponds, 
 forests, cloves, and dashing streams constitute land- 
 scapes of unsurpassed beauty and grandeur. The 
 surface of the town north of the Highlands is rolling 
 and only moderately hilly ; in the south and south- 
 west mountainous. The principal elevations are 
 Cro' Nest, on the boundary of the town of High- 
 lands; Black Eock Hill and Mount Rascal, also 
 on or near the soutji line of Cornwall ; Butter 
 Hill, near the Hudson ; and Schunemunk Moun- 
 tain, near the line of Blooming-Grove. Cro' Nest 
 is 1418 feet above the Hudson. The Hudson River 
 bounds the town on the east ; Moodna Creek (Mur- 
 derer's Creek, or Otterkill) drains the northwest por- 
 tion of the town. It enters from Blooming-Grove 
 at Salisbury Mills, makes a detour southward to 
 Mountainville Post-office, then flows northeast into 
 the town of New Windsor. In its southern bend it 
 receives three tributary rivulets from the south part 
 of the town. 
 
 The Canterbury Creek rises on the sloi)es of Black 
 Rock Hill, flows northeast through Canterbury vil- 
 lage, and enters the Hudson very near the line of 
 New Windsor. South of this are two unimportant 
 rivulets flowing into the Hudson, one at Cornwall-on- 
 the-Hudson, the other north of Cro' Nest. 
 
 Sutherland's Pond is a fine sheet of water half a 
 mile long, lying under the shadow of Black Rock 
 Hill. In the south part of the town is a mineral 
 spring. 
 
 The following passage from Mr. Beach's work is so 
 carefully written, and is evidently the result of such 
 thorough investigation, that no apology is needed for 
 quoting it at this point : 
 
 " of all the remarkable topographical features of our town, that which 
 we may call the Cornwall Baain is the most striking. To gain a com- 
 
 plete idea of the beauty and grandeur of this basin the observer must 
 take an elevated site, of which there are plenty along our mountain- 
 slopes, and look down as from a balloon upon the map spread out before 
 him. The eye first grasps the bold and salient features of the view. 
 The lim of the basin, struck in distinct outline against the sky by the 
 Schunenmuk, Shawangunk, Duchess, and Cornwall mountains, is first 
 noted. Descending on all sides from the ridge formed by these moun- 
 tain-peaks stretch the landscapes like the seats in some vast amphitheatre. 
 As the vision narrows the New Windsor and Newburgh plains recede 
 from view, and the eye rests upon a somewhat circumscribed arena which 
 lies almost at our feet. 
 
 " This is the Cornwall Basin. It is the result of one of those early up- 
 heavals of nature which date back beyond the history of man. As we 
 look upon it we realize but faintly the power of that force within the 
 earth, which when convulsed, tossed up the mountains and framed the 
 valleys. In the great tumnlt that ensued, a'« the mountains were raised 
 the waters settled in the valleys, and remained there until their gradual 
 subsidence into rivers. 
 
 " Cornwall, New Windsor, and Newburgh were at one time no doubt 
 a huge lake, and continued so until drained by the action of the elements 
 in divorcing Storm-King from Breakneck. Before this interesting 
 event the watei-s evidently had outlet through the Schunemunk Valley, 
 and thence through the Raniapo to the Jersey flats. This siipfKtsition 
 receives strong confirmation from the character of our Cornwall Basin, 
 which nins from northeast to southwest, and is traversed by two con- 
 siderable ridges of land of uniform shape and lying in a precisely similar 
 direction to that of the basin. These ridges are almost parallel, and 
 were formed by the action of the water in forcing its passage southward. 
 The more northerly one, known as the Townsend Ridge, begins at the 
 Friends' meeting-house on the Depot road, and continues on to the 
 Townsend Hill. Its summit is occupied by the residences of Mr. Ray- 
 mond, Miss Hedges, and Mrs. H. Townsend. The southerly ridge, called 
 Cromwell Ridge, commences in H, F, Chadea.vne's orchard, on the turn- 
 pike, as it is sometimes called, and emerges in a ravine near Nicholas 
 Chatfield, Jr.'s house. The land formed by this ridge is owned by Mr. 
 Chadeayne, the Titus estate, Mrs. Cromwell N. Chatfield, Jr., Mrs. 
 Townsend, and Miss Hedges. 
 
 " Rising by easy grade to a considerable height above the intervening 
 valleys, with a sufficient breadth of surface and a commanding view of 
 our river and mountain scenery, these ridges are unesceptionably situ- 
 ated for building sites. We hope to see them some day in the early 
 future covered with beautiful villas. Between those two ridges, skirting 
 the Depot road to the south, lies a deep glen, whilst the valleys on the 
 north and south are destined to play an important part in the future 
 growth of Cornwall. The valley to the south, or more strictly southeast, 
 of Cromwell Ridge is som'ewhat circumscribed in e.\tent, but its limited 
 area is amply compens-ated by the remarkable beauty of its surroundings. 
 Its shape is triangular, and its sides formed on the south by the Cornwall 
 mountains, on the east by that elevated tract of land known as High- 
 land Park, and on the north by Cromwell Ridge. The land slopes gently 
 from the hillsides to the centre, through which runs a small stream, a 
 tiny rivulet at times, at others a swollen torrent of water. This stream 
 is fed by the springs of the adjacent Highlands, and, running in an east- 
 erly direction, forms the pond to the north of the Cornwall track, from 
 which it empties into Idlewild Brook by the old stone house on the 
 West Point road. An outlet to the valley on the east is formed by the 
 defile between Highland Park and the mountains known as the Deer 
 Hill ravine. The outlet on the west is through a gorge which connects 
 the valley in question with the Schunemunk Valley." 
 
 III.-EABLY SETTLEMENT. 
 The immediate vicinity north of tlie Highlands at- 
 tracted attention at an early day as a favorable place 
 of settlement. Even the " .Journal of Robert Juet," 
 written on board the " Half-Moon," sailing under 
 command of Sir Henry Hudson, in 1609, shows a high 
 appreciation of this place. In writing of the return 
 voyage down the river he says, in a passage often 
 quoted, — 
 
 " On the nine and twentieth [of September] at three of the clock in the 
 afternoon, we weighed as soon as the ebb came and turned down to the 
 etlrje of the momi/dins, or the Northermost of the mountains, and an- 
 chored; because the high land hath many points and a narrow channel, 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 755 
 
 and hath many eddie rounds. So we rode quietly all night iu seven 
 fathoms water. The thirtieth was fair weather, and the wind at the 
 Southeast; a stiff gale between the nionntains. We rode still the after- 
 uoone. The people of this country came aboard us and brought some 
 skins with them, which we bought for knives and trifles. This is a very 
 pleiimiit plate to build a towne on."* 
 
 Three-quarters of a century was to pass away, how- 
 ever, before any attempts would be made by the 
 whites to occupy this " pleasant place." 
 
 It was not until 1685 that Governor Dongan pur- 
 chased of the Indians the tract of country along the 
 Hudson from Murderer's Creek on the north to Stony 
 Point on the south, and it was about the year lt)94 
 that this tract was patented to Capt. John Evans, 
 that being the first transfer from the crown. A settle- 
 ment had, however, been made, as shown in the Gen- 
 eral History, upon the borders of Cornwall, at Plum 
 Point, and on territory now included in the town of 
 New Windsor. This was by Col. Patrick MacGrego- 
 rie, and was the first settlement within the limits of 
 the present county of Orange. It is not clear that 
 any of the MacGregorie colony built or lived upon 
 the Cornwall side of the present line. The only fact 
 established upon this point is that David Toshuck 
 built his trading-post on Sloop Hill, and so within 
 the present limits of Cornwall. It is said that a de- 
 pression in the ground may still be seen marking the 
 cellar e.xcavation. In this company was one McCol- 
 lom. This family name exists in Orange County at 
 the present time, but it is not known that they are de- 
 scendants of this early immigrant. Of this colony, 
 also, was Wm. Sutherland (or Southerland). He was 
 the ancestor of the present Sutherland families re- 
 siding in Cornwall. It appears they constitute the 
 sole representatives of this early settlement now re- 
 maining in this section, their successive generations 
 having been in this town, or near it, for nearly two 
 hundred years. It is known that Wm. Sutherland 
 Iiad one son, David Sutherland, and that the latter 
 bought, in 1734, 100 acres of land in the Bethlehem 
 neighborhood. There were, doubtless, other sons of 
 William Sutherland, as it is evident several of the 
 numerous branches of the family at the present time 
 do not trace their line through David. 
 
 Miss Mills, residing at Canterbury, now in ad- 
 vanced years, whose mother was a Sutherland, states 
 that it has always been a family tradition that the 
 wife of an early Sutherland was a MacGregorie. 
 Doubtle.ss this was the William Sutherland sissociated 
 in the settlement with Col. MacGregorie. Additional 
 facts are given with reference to this family below. 
 It is there shown that one Alexander Sutherland 
 (father of three brothers) died in 1777. It is proba- 
 ble that he was a brother of David, and a .son of 
 William. 
 
 There is a tradition, alluded to by various writers, 
 that a settlement of Germans was made at an early 
 
 * Probably the " Half-Moon" was anchored on the opposite, side of the 
 river, but all the more clearly were the lands upon the west side seen 
 from the deck or from the higher lands upon the eastern shore. 
 
 day (perhaps the date of Palatine emigration is meant, 
 1709 to 1712) on the plains a little south of Canter- 
 bury ; that they remained a few years and then re- 
 moved to other German settlements near Albany or 
 elsewhere. Neither names nor exact locations are 
 given in these traditional accounts, and nothing is 
 substantiated concerning any such settlement. The 
 tradition arises, doubtless, from the well-known fact 
 that companies of the Palatines were employed to 
 cut ship-timber in various places ; that for that pur- 
 pose they were temporarily encamped, spending a few 
 weeks or months in any given locality. Canterbury 
 was very likely one such point, and that is all there 
 was of an early German settlement. 
 
 The MacGregorie settlement is believed to have 
 been continuous, — that after 1685 there was never a 
 time when settlers were not living in this vicinity. 
 How soon their locations extended out upon the ter- 
 ritory which is now embraced in Cornwall is not as- 
 certained. 
 
 The date of the patents already given affords some 
 guide for determining this matter. The Rip Van 
 Dam Patent was obtained in 1709, and settlements 
 followed soon after in the vicinity of Salisbury, now 
 iu Blooming-Grove. Several of the other patents 
 range or date from 1719 to 1722. Upon the John 
 Lawrence Patent of 1719 there was a settlement by 
 Mr. Mandeville in 1728. 
 
 Taking the earliest of these dates, however, there 
 is left a period of thirty years succeeding 1685 of 
 which there is little account, and thirty more in 
 which the information is only fragmentary, as to the 
 present town of Cornwall. The fact is clear that the 
 territory now constituting Cornwall was not settled, 
 except in the Bethlehem neighborhood and near 
 Salisbury, until a few years preceding the Revolu- 
 tion. All the early records of Cornwall at the or- 
 ganization as a precinct separate from Goshen in 1764 
 show that the population was mostly in Monroe and 
 Blooming-Grove. If the records of Goshen Precinct 
 from 172(t to 1764 had not been destroyed, much light 
 might have been obtained as to the names of officers 
 elected upon this territory, the laying out of roads, 
 and all those details of town business in which names 
 and localities are often very fully given. 
 
 At the formation of the precinct of Cornwall in 
 1764 a book of records was opened by the new pre- 
 cinct officers. This is preserved in good condition, 
 and is now in the office of the town clerk of Bloom- 
 ing-Grove. It is a volume of great value, and should 
 be rebound and kept in a fire-proof vault. Liberal 
 extracts are made from this volume under the head 
 of" Organization," below, and these furnish the means 
 of determining many of the families who were resid- 
 ing upon the present territory of Cornwall in the 
 period ju.st preceding the Revolutionary war, as well 
 as upon the territory of the other three towns erected 
 from Old Cornwall, viz. : Blooming-Grove, Monroe, 
 and Highlands. 
 
756 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 •The names of those persons who are known or sup- 
 posed to have been residing on tlie territory of Mon- 
 roe, Blooming-Grove, and Highlands have been trans- 
 ferred to the cha])ters devoted to those towns. There 
 are retained in this list those ascertained to have been 
 residing upon the present territory of Cornwall before 
 the Revolution. 
 
 SETTLERS PRIOR TO THE REVOLUTrON. 
 
 Timothy Brewster. He was chosen in 1765 an over- 
 seer of the highway for " the water-side." It is in- 
 ferred that he lived further east than most of the 
 Brewsters, who were in Blooming-Grove. 
 
 Jeremiah Clark. He was chosen in 176.5 a fence- 
 viewer for New Cornwall, and was patli-master for dis- 
 trict No. 1 in 1775. Either he or another of the same 
 name was supervisor in 1791-93, and town clerk still 
 later. Jeremiah Clark was also one of the judges of 
 the county in 1788. He had also served in the first 
 Provincial Congress, April 20, 1775. It is evident that 
 his homestead was in Cornwall, probably in the 
 vicinity of Canterbury, or further east. Other Clarks 
 mentioned in the early records are Reuben, Smith, 
 Ei)hraim, Gershom, Nehemiah, David, William, 
 John W. (See Biography of Thomas C. Ring.) 
 
 Joseph Chandler, Jr. There were probably three 
 of the .same name in succession, father, son, and grand- 
 son, as there was a Joseph Chandler, Jr., supervisor 
 as late as 1812, thirty-seven years later than the first 
 mention appears. The homestead was in the north- 
 west part of Cornwall. 
 
 Thomas Clark, Sr. and Jr. It is said that the 
 Thomas Clark homestead was on the site of the pre- 
 sent Smith boarding-house at " the Corners," now 
 better known as Cornwall-on-the-Hudson. 
 
 David ilandeville. An old Mandeville home- 
 stead was the present place of the Episcopal rectory 
 in the village of Canterbury, but before the Revolu- 
 tion the family were probably on the John Lawrence 
 Patent. 
 
 Amos Mills. He was a justice of the peace in 1765. 
 He lived in Canterbury, in a dwelling, long since re- 
 moved, that stood near Sutherland's present law-office. 
 He had a farm near there. His children were Amos, 
 Jr., who kept the present .Tames A. Smith store, be- 
 yond the stone bridge; Zachariah, who moved West; 
 Zebadiah, who died unmarried; Mrs. Isaac Van 
 Duzer; Mrs. John Barton, her husband being a very 
 early merchant in Canterbury. Thechildren of Amos, 
 Jr., were Mrs. James Hawkshurst; Mrs. Daniel Hal- 
 Tlet, of Monroe; Mrs. Peter Neels, of Troy; and Eliza- 
 beth (our informant), still living. 
 
 David Miller was path-master of district No. 6 in 
 1775. The number of the district, compared with 
 others, indicates that he was on the present territory 
 of Cornwall before the Revolution. 
 
 Langford Thorn. As he deeded to the Friends in 
 1789 a part of the ground yet occupied by the meet- 
 ing west of Canterbury village, it is to be inferred 
 
 that his homestead was near that point. Daniel 
 Thorn, a son of Langford, is mentioned in the old 
 records. He lived on the present Raymond place. 
 
 Joseph Thorn. He was path-master of district No. 
 7 in 1775. He was the early merchant of Salisbury. 
 In company with Nicholas Townsend, of Monroe, he 
 went with two wagons to Philadelphia and purchased 
 goods during the Revolutionary war. A quantity of 
 tin was brought home and made into various articles. 
 Miss Phebe Cock, of Canterbury, has boxes then made 
 from that tin. Mr. Thorn was from Long Island. He 
 never married ; a maiden sister kept house for him. 
 
 Jonathan Brooks. He was one of the Committee 
 of Safety for Cornwall in 1775. He lived on the Rip 
 Van Dam Patent, out towards Salisbury. 
 
 A. Sutherland was path-master of district No. 14 in 
 1775. There were three brothers of the Sutherlands 
 about the time of the Revolution or a little later, — 1. 
 Alexander, whose children were Alexander (father of 
 John D., our informant), Andrew, David, and Mrs. 
 John BuBois. 2. David, whose children are not given. 
 3. Andrew, whose children were Daniel and David, 
 both of whom went West, the latter being a lawyer 
 of note. The father of these three brothers was also 
 Alexander. He was buried the day Fort Montgomery 
 was captured, and the family tradition is that the 
 friends at the grave, hearing the distant firing, 
 thought the British were coming over the moun- 
 tains, and ran away from the grave. 
 
 Nathaniel Sands was a son of David Sands, the 
 well-known Friends' preacher. The homestead is 
 still well known as the Sands' place in Canterbury. 
 David Sands had no other sons, according to the rec- 
 ollection of Miss Phebe Cock, from whom some of 
 these items are obtained, but there were three daugh- 
 ters, — Mrs. Charles Newbold, Mrs. Elias Ring, and 
 Marietta, who died young. 
 
 David Sutherland, Sr. and Jr. The son was chosen 
 constable in 1775 " for the water-side." Of Maj. 
 John D. Sutherland we learn that the homestead of 
 this branch of the family was a part of the well- 
 known Sackett or Lewis Beach farm. The name of 
 David Sutherland is in the militia rolls of 1738, very 
 probably the senior above named. 
 
 David Sherod (Sherwood?) was chosen in 1765 an 
 overseer of the highway " for the water-side." This 
 does not entirely agree with tradition, which sup- 
 poses him to have lived in Monroe, and sold to 
 Nicholas Townsend the present Stephen Smith place. 
 Between 1765 and the Revolution was, however, 
 time enough to have purchased one there, and to have 
 sold again. 
 
 Justus Sackett was chosen a constable in 1765 " for 
 the water-side." His location is not determined, 
 though at some later period the old Sutherland prop- 
 erty, now of Lewis Beach, became known as the 
 Sackett place. 
 
 Isaac Tobias was the early physician in the west 
 part of the town. His homestead was the William 
 
COllNWALL. 
 
 757 
 
 Halstead place of modern timers, near Salisbury. 
 Isaac Tobias died in ISOS. A grandson, Daniel To- 
 bias, is still living, a hale and hearty octogenarian. 
 Frederick Tobias was also mentioned as path-master 
 of district 36 in 1775. 
 
 William Roe was chosen path-master for district No. 
 2 in 1775. His homestead was near the bounds of New 
 Windsor, in the Plum Point neighborhood. 
 
 Isaac Van Duzer, Sr. and Jr. The younger was 
 path-master in 1775 for district No. 31. There are 
 also mentioned in the records prior to the Revolution, 
 C. Van Duzer, I. Van Duzer (3), Jacob Van Duzer, 
 and Christopher Van Duzer. 
 
 Joseph Wood was a fence-viewer in 1765 for "New 
 Cornwall." Inferring that this was to designate his 
 district separate from the districts of Blooming-Grove, 
 Oxford, etc., in the precinct of Cornwall, it may be 
 concluded that he lived in what is now Cornwall. 
 There are also mentioned Daniel Wood, Stephen 
 W^ood, John Wood, Amos Wood, Timothy Wood, and 
 Ebenezer Wood, the last named being commissioner 
 of highways in 1775. 
 
 ■ The remaining names from the records of Corn- 
 wall, 1765 to 1775, or from among the signatures to 
 the Articles of Association at the opening of the war 
 of the Revolution, are given below. About 50 have 
 been mentioned above as located on the territory 
 now embraced in Cornwall ; about 100 are trans- 
 ferred to the chapter on Monroe as settlers before the 
 Revolution in that town ; 130 to the chapter upon 
 Blooming-Grove, giving, it is believed, the names 
 of all the principal families who were in that town 
 prior to the Revolution ; and to the chapter upon 
 the new town of Highlands about 20 as possibly 
 living on the territory now embraced in that town 
 before the Revolution. It must also be observed that 
 the list undoubtedly covers a very large section of 
 what is now Rockland County, the boundaries of 
 Cornwall Precinct extending at that time from Mur- 
 derer's to Tappan Creek (ante, pp. 13, 14), and with 
 the exception of Haverstrawand Orangetown, taking 
 An the whole of Rockland as well as the towns in 
 Orange already named. 
 
 Henry Atwood. 
 John Aries. 
 Wm. Ayers. 
 Matthew Ayers. 
 Neal Anderson. 
 Caleb Ashley. 
 Samuel Briusou. 
 Z. Burchard. 
 Isaac Brown.* 
 Asa Buck. 
 Wni. Bell. 
 Wni. Bartlett. 
 John Brand. 
 Wm. Bedell. 
 Francis Burke. 
 Nathaniel Biggs. 
 David Blooiufield. 
 Jacob Brown. 
 Wm. Bradley. 
 
 Nathan Burchard. 
 Sylvanus Bishop. 
 Zachary Burwell. 
 Samuel Bartlett. 
 Silas Benjamin, Sr. 
 Silas Benjamin, Jr. 
 Benjamin liudd. 
 David Biggs. 
 Harris Bartlett. 
 Isaac Brown. 
 Wni. Brown. 
 George Bateniau. 
 Isaac Bower. 
 Isaac Cooley. 
 Nathan Cooley. 
 Isaac Cooley, Sr. 
 Isaac Cooley, Jr. 
 Thomas ChatHeld. 
 Daniel Chambers. 
 
 Joshua Corey. 
 
 Benjamin Callay. 
 John Callay. 
 Thaddeus Coley. 
 Dennis CoUey. 
 Benjamin Corey. 
 John Close. 
 Wm. Cook. 
 
 Richard CoUingwood.f 
 Timothy Corwin. 
 Abram Cooley. 
 Archibald Coukham, Jr. 
 Silas Corwin. 
 John Carr. 
 David Causter. 
 Henry Dyer, Sr. 
 Henry Dyer, Jr. 
 Lewis Donovan. 
 Aaron DeGraw. 
 Togidali Dickens. 
 John Daynes. 
 I Jacob Deyo. 
 
 Daniel Devan. 
 Thomas Everson.J 
 George Everson. 
 John Faren. 
 L. Ferguson. 
 Jacob Gale. 
 James Gray. 
 Daniel Gage. 
 John Griffith.^ 
 Samuel Gibson. 
 JoBeph Gold. 
 Thomas Hurley. 
 Sutherland Hulett. 
 Henry Halle. 
 SylvanuB Halle. 
 Wm. Howard. 
 Wm. Herd.ll 
 .Justus Hulse.^ 
 Wm. Hunter.** 
 ^^ Joseph Hildridge.tt 
 Joeeph Hildreth. 
 Stephen Hulse. 
 \^ Sylvauus Halsey. 
 Phineas Herd. 
 Col. A. Hawks Hey.It 
 John Hall. 
 Zopher Head. 
 Wm. Hooge. 
 Henry Hall. 
 Samuel Howard. 
 Wm. Howard. 
 Thomas Huley. 
 Joseph Halsted. 
 Robert Haight. 
 James Halsey. 
 Stephen Halsey. 
 Israel Hedges. 
 
 • Path-master of District No. 40, 1775. 
 
 Samuel Hall. 
 Elulia Hudson. 
 Richard Honeman. 
 James Huff. 
 Nathaniel Jayne.% 
 Benjamin Jayne. 
 Daniel Jayne. 
 James Jordan. |{{| 
 David Junes. 
 Stephen Jayne, 
 John Johnson. 
 James Keeler. 
 Dennis Kelly, Jr. 
 Wni. Ketch. 
 Jacob Kune. 
 Sanuiel Ketcham, Sr.^f^ 
 Samuel Ketcham, Jr. 
 Wm. King. 
 
 Benjamin Ketcham, Sr. 
 Benjamin Ketcham, Jr. 
 Joseph Ketcham. 
 Michael Kelly. 
 Thomas Lynch. 
 Benjamin Lester. 
 Juhti Leonard. 
 Thomas Livingston. 
 John Lightbody. 
 Gabriel Lightbody. 
 Isaac Lightbody. 
 Andrew Lightbody. 
 George Leonard.*** 
 Peter Laurie. 
 Eleazer Lose. 
 James Ledis. 
 Sanmel Laws. 
 Jacob Laws. 
 James Laws. 
 Joshua Laudstar, 
 
 Patrick McDonald.ftt 
 
 James McLean. 
 
 Charles McKinney. 
 
 P. McGlochlin.nt 
 
 John McManus. 
 
 John McCarty. 
 
 James Mitchell. 
 
 Hugh McDonnell. 
 
 Barnabas Many. 
 
 Hugh Slurray. 
 
 Azaiiah Martin. 
 
 John McLean. 
 
 James McGnffack. 
 
 Robert MuWhorter. 
 
 John McKeivy. 
 
 Wm. Nicholson. 
 
 Francis Nantine. 
 
 Patrick Odey. 
 
 Patrick O'Duddle. 
 
 Thomas Oliver. 
 
 Ezekiel Osman. 
 
 t Path-master of District No. 19, 1775. 
 
 I Path-master of District No. 10, 1775. 
 
 g Justice of the peace in 1774. 
 
 I Path-master of District No. 11 in 1775. 
 
 ^ Path-master of District No.O in 1775. 
 
 ** Path-master of District No. 2o in 1775. 
 
 tt Path-master in 1765 for the highway " from the new road to Goshen 
 road." 
 
 XX He lived in what is now a part of Rockland County, and was a dele- 
 gate to the first Provincial Convention, April 20, 1775. 
 
 §§ Justice of the peace in 1765, and one of those presiding at town- 
 meeting of 1765. 
 
 Ill Path-master of District No. 18, 1775. 
 
 flf Path-master of District No. 30, 1775. 
 
 *** Path-master of District No. 39 iu 1775. 
 
 tft Patli-master of District No. 3, 1775 ; undoubtedly Cornwall. 
 
 XU Path-master of District No. 13, 1775. 
 
758 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Benjamin Prindle, 
 John Price. 
 Brier Palmer. 
 Steplien Peet. 
 James Peters. 
 Josiati Petl. 
 John Pell, Jr. 
 John Pecliiiam. 
 Tlionias Poicy. 
 Joshua Philby. 
 John Pride. 
 Natlian Pease. 
 Gilbert Roberts. 
 Samuel Rocket. 
 Thomas Sliaw. 
 Ebenezer Stephens. 
 Stephen Sleet. 
 James Sears. 
 Thomas Sullivan. 
 Samuel Slaughter. 
 John Stephens. 
 Justus Stephens. 
 David Stephens. 
 Sylvanus Sayles. 
 Stephen Sayles. 
 Matthew Sweeney. 
 Alexander Sutton. 
 Abram Snyder. 
 Solomon Servis. 
 
 Moses Strain. 
 David Stage. 
 Joseph Stephens.* 
 Jonathan Stephens.^ 
 Ed. Tompkins. 
 Michael Thomas. 
 Zopher Teed.J 
 Abner Thorp.g 
 Reuben Taber. 
 Jesse Teed. 
 Eleazer Taylor. 
 Benjamin Thorn. 
 Selah Tucker. 
 Wm. Thompson, 
 .loseph Van Note. 
 Joseph Wilcox. 
 Sylvanus White. |I 
 Henry Wisner, Sr.^ 
 Henry Wisner, Jr. 
 James Wilkins. 
 John Williams. 
 Jacob White. 
 Gilbert Weeks. 
 Thomas Willett. • 
 Garret W^illem, Jr. 
 John Weygant. 
 Arthur Yeomans.** 
 E. Youmans. 
 S. Youmans. 
 
 The early settlement and subsequent growth of this 
 town is shown still further under various heads, as 
 churches, military, trade and commerce ; reference 
 being made to the chapters of the General History 
 for much valuable material with reference to this 
 subject. 
 
 In 1821 justices of the peace appointed for Cornwall 
 were William A. Clark, Nathaniel Ring, and Nathan 
 Westcott. 
 
 Joseph Thorn, the merchant at Salisbury a hun- 
 dred years ago and more, has been mentioned, and 
 Isaac Van Duzer, at the landing, about the beginning 
 of this century. 
 
 Considering the period of 1820 to 1830 the follow- 
 ing notes may be given : John E. Chadeayne came 
 from Connecticut about 1821, and was for a time in 
 business in a store then standing near the present 
 Library Hall, opposite Driscoll's public-house. May 
 25, 1825, his father, Daniel Chadeayne, reached here 
 from Connecticut and with his son formed a mercan- 
 tile partnership, which was continued for many years. 
 They traded at Canterbury in the store — now an old 
 land-mark — beyond the stone bridge, and still occu- 
 pied as a store by James Otis Smith, llr. Chadeayne 
 had three children : John E., mentioned above ; 
 Henry F. ; and a daughter, Mrs. Henry P. Husted. 
 The firm was John E. Chadeayne & Co. John E. 
 Chadeayne retired from trade after six or eight years. 
 His father continued the store alone for a short time, 
 and then Henry F. Chadeayne went into trade there. 
 
 * Path-master of District No. 28, 1775. 
 
 t Path-master of District No. 30, 1776. 
 
 t Path-master of District No. 17, 1775. 
 
 a Path-master of District No. 23, 1775. 
 
 II Justice of the peace in 1770. 
 
 1[ Justice of the peace in 1770. 
 
 ** Path-master of District No. 38, 1775. 
 
 and continued, with the exception of a year or two 
 when he went South, until 1860, a period of more 
 than twenty years. Since that time the old store has 
 been in the hands of various proprietors : Cordon 
 & Birdsall, Daniel L. Birdsall, John L. Davis, Fer- 
 guson & Crane, Ferguson alone, Charles S. Ostrander, 
 Denniston & Ward, and finally the present proprie- 
 tor, James O. Smith. During the absence of Henry F. 
 Chadeayne mentioned above James M. Adam's carried 
 on the store. 
 
 The brick store, now a meat-market, near the 
 Union Hotel, is an old place of trade, first kept by 
 Richard Williams, fifty or sixty years ago ; after- 
 wards by Nathan Beers, John E. Chadeayne, Henry 
 P. Husted, Samuel H. Purdy, Henry F. Chadeayne 
 (for a short time after returning from Savannah), 
 then by James W. Adams. 
 
 There was a store for many years where the drug- 
 store of Peter P. Hazen is now located, kept by Sea- 
 man & Dusenberry, 1835 to 1840, or about that time. 
 
 The old store of Lewis Barrett was where the en- 
 gine-house is now located. He was succeeded by 
 James M. Barrett, Henry Rountree, and Joseph Fer- 
 guson. On the corner below was a store by Cock & 
 Purdy, as early as 1830, afterwards kept by Samuel 
 G. Purdy, by Victor M. and George W. Purdy, the 
 former also trading for a time alone, then by James 
 M. Barrett for some years. Subsequent proprietors 
 were L. P. Bayard, Barrett & Monell, James Milva- 
 ney, and Charles Ostrander. Before Cock & Purdy it 
 was a very early store by Samuel Purdy. 
 
 At the dock the old store of Isaac Van Duzer was 
 succeeded by Weeks & Griffin, by McFarlan, and by 
 Livingston. 
 
 Edward Falls kept store opposite the Union Hotel. 
 
 Nathan Clark, yet in trade, commenced business 
 about 1827, and now after more than fifty years he is 
 found at the same place. He has a general country 
 store, transacts from his dock shipping business, deals 
 in coal, as well as a large miscellaneous business. 
 
 Dr. Isaac Tobias was an early physician, living in 
 the west part of the town. He practiced for many 
 years. Other physicians of a later period were Dr. 
 Alexander Clinton, who lived at Canterbury, on the 
 present Edwards place ; afterwards removed to New 
 York and died there. Dr. Elihu Hedges, who had 
 an extensive ride for and near, dying in 1824, young 
 and in the midst of an active career, his homestead 
 now being owned by his daughter. Miss Mary T. 
 Hedges. Dr. Heaton, who practiced for many years, 
 and whose son-in-law, Dr. John M. Gough, was in 
 partnership with him for a time. A grandson, Dr. 
 Thomas Heaton, is now in practice in this town. 
 Contemporary with Dr. Gough was Dr. Ball, who re- 
 moved to Brooklyn. Dr. William Morrison acquired 
 an extensive practice, and became a physician of 
 much note. He died in 1853 or 1854. 
 
 As to where the earliest tavern was located there is 
 little evidence. Doubtless there was one at the dock. 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 759 
 
 There was no doubt one at a very early date in Can- 
 terbury ; also in Bethlehem, and at Salisbury. As 
 for the great leading public roads it is usually safe to 
 calculate that in the era preceding the opening of 
 railways about every alternate house was a tavern. 
 A search among the loose papers of the town clerk's 
 office and among the books reveals no " license lists," 
 such as may be found in some towns nearly a hundred 
 years old. The destruction of the papers of the town 
 clerk's offices (sometimes purposely by a strange in- 
 considerateness) blocks the way in many cases to any 
 I)ositive information. There is probably not a town 
 that did not have at one time or another all the ma- 
 terials for a full history on this and similar points. 
 If towns will burn their old papers, their old road 
 surveys, and their old assessment-rolls, defects must 
 be expected in any minute history. 
 
 Isaac R. Van Duzer, a native of this town, practiced 
 law from 1825 to 1830, or about that time, and re- 
 moved to Goshen. George M. Grier practiced law in 
 Cornwall fifty years ago, continuing for several years. 
 Benjamin H. Mace, of Newburgh, came to Cornwall 
 a year or .so during his early career as a lawyer. 
 Ebenezer C. Sutherland, a native of this town, was 
 a practicing lawyer for many years. His son, Daniel 
 E. Sutherland, is an attorney at the present time in 
 Canterbury. At Cornwall-on-the-Hudson are three 
 lawyers, William H. Clark, Daniel E. Pope, and 
 Charles H. Fuller. 
 
 IV.-ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The precinct of Cornwall was organized in 1764, and 
 comprised the eastern or river portion of the earlier 
 Goshen Precinct. The dividing line was so drawn 
 that nearly all of the territory comprising the present 
 towns of Blooming-Grove, Cornwall, Highlands, and 
 Monroe were included in the new precinct. The fol- 
 lowing interesting extracts from the records, compris- 
 ing the first precinct-meeting of 176.5, throw not only 
 considerable direct light upon the civil history, but 
 also furnish the most reliable data for determining 
 the names of the early settlers. 
 
 FIRST TOWN-MEETING. 
 
 "At a meeting of the freeholdere and inlLibitaLUs of the precinct of 
 Cornwall, in the county of Orange, on the first Tuesday in April, 1765, 
 at the house of John Brewster in Blooming-Grove, pursuant to an act of 
 the Lieutenant-Governor, Council, ami General Assembly of the Province 
 of New York for that purpose. 
 
 "Present — Selah Strong, Nathaniel Jayne, Daviil Smith, and Amos 
 Mills, Esqs., Justices of the Peace. 
 
 " Voted, John Brewster, Sr., clerk ; Hezekiah Howell, Sr., supervisor; 
 John Brewster, David Smith, and Zachariah Dubois, commissioners of 
 highways; Jeremiah Coleman, assessor ; John Hudson, collector; Elihu 
 Marvin and Samuel Moffatt, overseers of Jhe poor; John Hudson, con- 
 stable for Blooming-Grove ; Hophni Smith, constable for Smith's Clove; 
 J. Sackett, constable for the water side; John Woolley, overseer of the 
 road from the new meeting-house to Martin Remilies; Bazaliel Seely, 
 for Oxford, from Israel Seley's to Gregory's ; Joseph Hildrige, from the 
 new road to Goshen road; Nathaniel Seeley, from James Sear's to Sater- 
 lie's mill ; Hezekiah Howell, for Blag's Clove ; Steven Gilbert, for Goshen 
 road, from the precinct line to the Otterkill; Jusiah Reeder, from the 
 Otterkill to Coll Matthews'; Joseph Chandler, from Coll Matthews' to 
 county line ; Francis Drake, from Henry Mapes' to Thomas Uapes' ; 
 
 James Halsted, from Teed's bridge on new road to Sterling; Benjamin 
 strong, from the meeting-house to .\dam Collins' and to the new school- 
 house; Thomas Smith, from Jolm Earle's to Cave's; Joel Tuthill, from 
 Curtis Coleman's to Nathaniel Curtis' mill, and so along to the Round 
 Hill; Richard Goldsmith, from John Brewster's to Gilbert's; Silas 
 Youngs, from the end of Oxford road to R. Youngs' ; Benjamin Gregory, 
 from his house to Oxford ; David Sherod and Timothy Brewster, overseers 
 for the water side; David Smith, from Gregory's to John Earle's on the 
 Clove road ; Juli Smith, from his house to Car's, and from his house to 
 Dunbar's; Elihu Marvin and Archibald Little, fence-viewers for Oxford; 
 Austin Smith and John Earles, tor Woodbury Clove; Joseph Wood and 
 Jeremiah Clark, for New Cornwall ; John Brewster and David Coleman 
 for Blooming-Grove." 
 
 At this time the town was very large, embracing 
 the present towns of Cornwall, Blooming-Grove, and 
 Monroe, with a part of Chester. 
 
 The justices of the peace during this period of ten 
 years were Selah Strong, Nathaniel Jayne, David 
 Smith, Amos Mills, Archibald Little, William Thorn, 
 Henry Wisner, Silvanus White, John Griffith. 
 
 In 1777 the precinct-meetings were conducted under 
 the direction of four committee-men in place of the 
 justices. In that year the committee were Elihu Mar- 
 vin, Thomas Moffatt, Daniel Coleman, and Samuel 
 Strong. 
 
 Thus far it does not appear that the precinct had 
 adopted a set of laws for its government, such as we 
 find in other precincts. Though the precinct ap- 
 pointed overseers of the poor, yet the records do not 
 show that any poor money was raised for their sup- 
 port during these ten years. The precinct brand in 
 1774 was the letter C. In 1875, £60 was raised for 
 support of the poor; in 1787, £25 ; in 1788, £30 ; in 
 1789, £30. It does not appear how the poor were sup- 
 ported, or that the poor-masters ever accounted to the 
 precinct or its officers for the expenditure of the 
 money. 
 
 In 1793 they began to adopt regulations to govern 
 the town, and among them that a pound be built 
 near John Brewster's, Blooming-Grove ; one near 
 John Barton's, Murderer's Creek ; one at John 
 Weygant's, Smith's Clove ; and a pair of stocks at 
 each pound. This was a rigid beginning. The 
 fences to be built four feet four inches high, thick 
 and strong. In 1797 every ram found running at 
 large was to be sold for the use of the poor. 
 
 In 1769, Selah Strong, William Thorn, Henry Wis- 
 ner, Jr., and Sylvanus White, four of His Majesty's 
 justices, declared the indenture of the apprentice 
 James Simmons void by the ill treatment of his 
 master, and discharged the apprentice. 
 
 1788, Capt. Tuthill and Richard Goldsmith were 
 appointed a committee to go to Capt. Sloat's to con- 
 sult with a county committee. 
 
 The records appear to have been very regularly 
 kept from the beginning, but principally confined to 
 the election of town officers, districting roads, record- 
 ing them, and appointing overseers. There is very 
 little variety and less legislation found in them. 
 
 Names of Placks mentioned previous to 
 1790. — Water-side, Blooming-Grove, Smith's Clove, 
 
760 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 New Meeting-House, Oxford, Nathaniel Satterly's 
 Mill, Blagg's Clove, Otterkill, Teed^s Bridge, Stirling, 
 Round Hill, Woodbury Clove, New Coruwall, Yel- 
 verton's Mill, Blooming-Grove Meeting-House, Ter- 
 nity Bridge, Munger's House, Limerock, Butter Hill 
 (1767), Furnace Boad, Lawyer Smith's Mill, Stirling 
 Iron-Works, Knight's Mills, Long Fond, Carpenter's 
 Mills, Murderer's Creek, Natural Bridge, John Mc- 
 Adus' Cabin, Popelops' Kill, the Furnace, Samuel 
 Shelden's Saw-Mill, the P\irnace at the mouth of 
 Capt. Bull's lane, Earle's Burying-Place, Forest of 
 Dean, Palmer's Bridge, Old Warwick Road, Cole- 
 man's Bridge, Stony Brook, Stephen Hulse's Bridge, 
 Indian Fields in Smith's Clove, Cromeline's Creek, 
 Absalom Townsend's Mill, Stony Brook Bridge, West 
 Point, Bethlehem, Paul Howell's Grist-Mill, Chester, 
 Mountain Road, worked by the army, Jordan's Bridge, 
 Ketcham's Mills, Selahtown on the mountain, Stone 
 Spring near Forest of Dean, on the road to Fort 
 Montgomery, Langford Thorn's Bridge, Sugar-Loaf, 
 Troutbrook, Bull's Pond, on a hill, Elias Ring's Mill, 
 Gray Court, Bear Hill. Torn Mountain, Queensborough 
 Furnace, Peartree Grove, Canterbury, Thorn's Tan 
 Vat, Thorn's Saw-Mill, Green Pond, Queensborough 
 Minehole District, Sugar-loaf Valley, Poverty Hollow. 
 For the purpose of throwing further light upon the 
 names and location of the inhabitants at the opening 
 of the Revolution, we next give the records in full of 
 the town-meeting of 1775: 
 
 " At a meeting of the freeholders and inhabitants of the precinct of 
 Cornwall, held at the houBe of John Brewster, on tlie first Tuesday of 
 April, 1775, according to an act of the Governor, the Council, and the 
 General Assembly uf tlie Province of New York for that purpose, to 
 chouse these ufficeis, — 
 
 " Present— Archibald Little, Wm. Thorn, justices uf tin- peace. 
 
 *' Chose John Brewster, Jr., clerk; Nathaniel Strong, supin isi>r; John 
 Brewster, James Mattiiews, Ebenezer Wood,connnissiunei-b ul tin.- roads, 
 and to serve for nothing; Elihu Marvin, constable and collects 
 
 "Assessors: District No. 1, Obadiah Smith; No. ", Wm. Moflait ; No, 
 3, Capt. Silas Pierson ; Nu. 4, Seth Marvin ; No. 5, Capt. Austin Smith ; 
 No. 6, Reuben Youngs. 
 
 "Hophni Smitli, constable; Viuceut Helms, constable, and Thomas 
 Helms security. 
 
 " David Sutheriand, Jr., constable for the water-side. 
 
 "Path-masters: District No. 1, Jeremiah Clark ; No. 2,'Wm.Roe; No. 
 3, Patrick McDonald ; No. 4, Sandu Galloway : No. 5, David Miller; No. 
 6, George Galloway; No. 7, Joseph Thorn; No. 8, Richard Goldsmith; 
 No. 9, Justus Hulse; No. 10, Thomas Everson ; No. 11, "Wm. Herd; No. 
 12, EbenezerWoodhuIl;No.l3,PatnckMcGlochlin ; No. 14, Joliii Wright 
 Clark; No. li, Josiah Seely; No. 16, Nathan Marvin; No. 17, Zopher 
 Teed; No. 18, James Jordon; No. VJ, Richard CoIIingwuod; No.20, Jona- 
 than Tuthill ; No. 21, Nathan Strong; No. 22, Samuel Smith ; "No. 23, 
 Abner Thorp ; No. 24, James Galloway; No. 25, Wni. Hunter; No. 26, 
 Joshua Miller; No. 27, Hugh McDonald; No. 28, Joseph Stephens; No. 
 30, Samuel Ketchaili, Sr. ; No. 31, Isaac Van Duzer, Jr. ; No. 33, Jonas 
 Smith ; No. 34, Robert Armstrong; No. 35, Cornelius Swim; No. 30, Fred- 
 erick Tobias; No 37, Paul Howell ; No. 3;^, Arthur Yeomans; No. 39, 
 George Leonard ; No. 40, Isaac Brown ; No. 41, John Smith ; No. 42, Na- 
 thaniel Satterly ; No. 43, Thomas Coleman; No. 44, Alexander Suther- 
 land; No. 45, John Hause ; No. 46, Jacob Parliaman." 
 
 For the same purpose of showing names and loca- 
 tions, we turn to the records at a point twenty-three 
 years later, and give in full the officers elected at the 
 town-meeting of 1798. 
 
 This meeting, the last before the division (and prob- 
 
 ably the first held anywhere else except at John Brew- 
 ster's), assembled at the house of John Weygant, in 
 Smith's Clove, on the first Tuesday in April, 1708. 
 There were present and presiding as justices of the 
 peace Joseph Chandler, Obadiah Smith, Anselm 
 Helms, and Michael Hey. The officers chosen were 
 as follows, viz, : 
 
 Town Clerk, James D. Secor ; Supervisor, Anselm 
 Helms; Commissioners of Roads, John McDowell, 
 Wm. Clark, Daniel Knowlton ; Assessors, Obadiah 
 Smith, Michael Hey, Richard Goldsmith, Paul How- 
 ell, Henry Mansfield, Moses Cunningham ; Collector, 
 Daniel Knowlton ; Overseers of the Poor, Daniel 
 Knowlton, Josiah Seeley, Jr. ; Constables, Henry 
 Mansfield, Amos Whitmore, Silas Aldridge, Henry 
 Danes, Thomas Knowlton, Jeremiah Trickay, Benja- 
 min Rowe, Obadiah Cunningham, Daniel Knowlton, 
 Samuel Smith; Commissioners ofvScliools, Zephaniah 
 Halsey, Wm. Denniston, Thomas North, Seth Marvin, 
 James D. Secor, Obadiah Smith. 
 
 The path-masters were: 
 
 Henry Reynolds. 
 Stephen Cripsey. 
 Joseph Sutherland. 
 Gilbert Webb. 
 John Hammon. 
 John Cronkite. 
 David D. Hines. 
 Zebulon Townsend. 
 Adolphus Van Duzer. 
 Roger Barton. 
 Nicholas Townsend. 
 Ezra Earte. 
 Amos Miller. 
 Michael Hey, justice. 
 David Rogers. 
 Benjamin Bennett. 
 James Parliaman. Jr. 
 Gilbert Smith, Jr. 
 James Webb. 
 Joseph Stevens. 
 Samuel Gregory. 
 Moses Cunningham. 
 Jacob Compton. 
 John Cooper. 
 Charles Cunningham. 
 Gilbert King. 
 Samuel Tuthill, Jr. 
 James Crummond. 
 Cornelius Beard. 
 John Marvin. 
 John McDowell, justice. 
 Isaac Bull. 
 John Brooks. 
 Joseph Ketcham. 
 
 No. 
 
 37. Daniel Bull. 
 
 38. Selah Strong. 
 
 39. Hezekiah Howell, Jr. 
 
 40. Sail Coleman. 
 
 41. Joseph Chandler, justice. 
 
 42. Isaac Dubois. 
 
 43. Jonathan Brooks. 
 
 44. John Reeder. 
 
 45. Johannes Decker. 
 
 46. Nathaniel Woodhnll, Jr. 
 
 47. Joshua Curtis. 
 
 48. John Chambers. 
 
 49. David Williams. 
 
 50. Zephaniah Halsey. 
 
 51. Benjamin Hiilse. 
 
 52. David Hawkins. 
 
 53. Theodore Hard. 
 
 54. H. Gregg. 
 
 55. Abraham Butler. 
 
 56. Wm.Biill. 
 
 58. Wm. Whitmore. 
 
 59. Nathan Ramsey. 
 
 60. Richanl Woodhull. 
 
 61. Robert Gregg. 
 
 62. Jeremiah Horton. 
 
 63. Patrick Casady. 
 
 64. Amos Wood. 
 
 65. Paul Howell. 
 
 66. Cibadiah Smith. 
 
 67. John Rider. 
 
 68. Peter Lamoreaux, Jr. 
 
 69. Henry Brewster. 
 
 70. Solomon Earle. 
 
 71. Isaac P. Lamoreaux. 
 
 Pound-masters, Isaac Moore, Peter Lamoreux, 
 John AVeygant, Charles Cunningham, James Sears; 
 Fence-viewers, John Cronk, Richard Williams, Wm. 
 Clark, Samuel Arthur, Richard Wilkes, Wm. Hunter, 
 John Weygant, Amos Miller, Daniel Bull, Samuel 
 Davis, John Tuthill, John Brewster. 
 
 Voted the next meeting to Capt. Patrick Suther- 
 land's, at Canterbury. 
 
 The following were the principal town officers from 
 1765 to 1880: 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 761 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 17G5 Hezekiah HowcU. John Brewster, Sr. 
 
 nOG-CS " " 
 
 17l'>9-":l " " Joliu Brewster, Jr. 
 
 1774-78 Natlianiel .^trons- " " 
 
 1779-00 Col. Jesse Woodlmll. 
 
 1791 Jeremiah Clark. 
 
 1792 Col. Jesse Woodhnll, " " 
 
 1793-94 Jeremiah Clark. " " 
 
 1798-97 Selah Strong. Daniel Brewster. 
 
 1798 - Ansehn Helms. James I). Secor. 
 
 1799 .'..... Junatlian Cooley. Jeremiah Clark. 
 
 1800 Obadiiih Smith. 
 
 l«01-;i Wm. A. Clark. 
 
 18114 " " Ohadiali Sniitll. 
 
 1804-0 Ohadiah Smith. Jeremiuli Clark. 
 
 1807-9 " " NatliaiiicI Barton. 
 
 1810 Joseph Cliandler. " " 
 
 1811 Wm. A.Clark. 
 
 lsl*.i-14 losepli Chandler, Jr. Thomas Carpenter, Jr. 
 
 ISLI-n " " Nathaniel Barton, 
 
 1818-20 Wm. A. Clark. " 
 
 1S2I " " Natlianiel Westcott. 
 
 1822-2:j " " Gilbert C. I'eet. 
 
 1824...... John Smith. " 
 
 1825 " " John W. Kurd. 
 
 1826-28 " " Natlnin Westcott. 
 
 1829 " " John L. Dusinherry. 
 
 18.10-31 " " Ehenezer C. Sutherland. 
 
 1832 " " Samnei W. Hnril. 
 
 1833-34 " " Isaac Seaman. 
 
 1835 Isaac Seaman. Wm. Morrison. 
 
 1835-37 " " Henry F. Cliadeayne. 
 
 1838 Samuel Townsend. " " 
 
 1839-41 " "■ James O. Adams. 
 
 1842 " " lleniy V. ('hadeayne. 
 
 1843 " " Georjie W. Puidy. 
 
 1844 " " Henrv K. Cliadeayne. 
 
 184.5 " " Wm. II. Rider. 
 
 1846-4S John Denniston. *' " 
 
 1849-5.1 " " Al.ijah Dan. 
 
 1864 Isaiah Townsend. Natlian B. I'otts. 
 
 1855 Robert E. Ring. Harvey B. Adams. 
 
 18511 Dvei- Brewster. Noah Townsend. 
 
 1867 ■" " Tliomas B. Merritt. 
 
 1868 James 0. Adams. " " 
 
 1859-61 Peter C. Regan. " " 
 
 1802 Robert E. Ring. " " 
 
 18t!3 " " Noah Townsend. 
 
 1804 " " B. L. Moore. 
 
 1865 Wm. S. Brown. Daniel B Foster. 
 
 1860 Smith Fancher. Sauford B. Cocks. 
 
 1867 Lewis Beach. Dyer Brewster. 
 
 1868-69 JohnOrr. 
 
 1870-71 Gilbert Tompkins. " " 
 
 1872-74 " " Henry B. Breed. 
 
 1875 •' " Floyd C. Clark. 
 
 1876 Wm. H.Clark. 
 
 1877 Isaac Denniston, Jr. " " 
 
 187S " " Henrv B. Breed. 
 
 1879 CiiarlesG. Hoilser. Lewis T. Schnltz. 
 
 1880 William Orr. Samuel Young, Jr. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PE.\CE.* 
 1765, Selah Strong, Nathaniel Jayne, David Sniitii, Amos Mills; 1770, 
 Archibald Little, Sylvanus White, William Thorn, Henry Wislier; 
 1774, John Griffith; 1776, James Peters, Esq. ; 1777, James Marvin, 
 Thomas Moft'att. Daniel Coleman. Samnei Strong; 1778, Elisha Mar- 
 vin, Nathaniel Strong, Natlianiel Satterly; 1779, Jeremiah Clark, 
 Joseph Chandler; 17S3, Archibald Cunningham; 1788, Hezekiah 
 White; 17S9, George Brown ; 1791, Ansehn Helms; 1794, Nathaniel 
 Dubois; 1790, Thomas North, Obadiah Smith, John McDowell, 
 •Michael Hay; 1799, Jeremiah Clark; 1801, Joseph Chandler; 1803, 
 Jonathan Cooley; 1804, Michael Smith; 1805, Samuel Sayre; 1812, 
 Josepli Chandler, Jr. ; 1814, Wm. A. Clark ; 1819, Richard A. Kronk- 
 hyte; 1821, Nathan Westcott, John Smith; 1.S22, Nathaniel Ring; 
 1828, Nathan Smith, James O. Adams; 1830,t James 0. Adams; 1831, 
 John Wiuneld ; 1832, Nathan Westcott; 1833, Wm. A. Clark; 1834, 
 James 0. Adams, Amos H. Thorn ; 1835, Richard A, Kronkhyte ; 
 1836, William Morrison ; 18.17, William H. Townsend, Fianeis E. 
 Weygant; 1838, James O. Adams; 1839, Isaac Faurot; 1840, Robert 
 Duiicansoil; 1841, Wm. H. Townsend; 1842, William Morrison; 
 1843, Isaac Faurot; 1S44, Robert Duncanson; 1845, Francis T. Ben- 
 jamin; 1846, John McKibben; 1847, Nicholas 0. Vought; 1848, 
 Bloses CuDiiingham, Merritt Coleman, Isaac Faurot; 1849, Merritt 
 Coleman; 1850, John BIcKibben; 1851, Wm. H. Cari)enter; 1852, 
 Moses Cunningham ; 1853, Merritt Coleman ; 1,854, Nathan B. Potta ; 
 1856, Wm. Avery, Benjamin S. Ketcbam ; 1856, Gilbert Tompkins, 
 
 * They presided at precinct- and town-meetings. The names are given 
 under the dates when they first appear in the lecords. 
 f After this date elected by the people at the annual town-meetings. 
 49 
 
 Jr. ; 1857, Benjamin S. Ketcham ; 1858, Dauiel C. Birdsall ; 1859, 
 Wm. Avery; 1800, Gilbert Tompkins; 1861, Benjamin S. Ketcham ; 
 1862, Abijah Dan; 1863, Wm. Avery; 1S64, Dyer Brewster, Moses 
 Cunningham ; 1865, Benjamin S. Ketcham, James Couser; 1866, 
 Darius Truesdell ; 1867, Wm. Avery ; 1808, Ephrairn F. Bullis ; 1869, 
 Dyer Brewster (same to fill vacancy); 1870, Daniel .Swezey (same to 
 fill vacancy) ; 1S71, Wm. Avery ; 1872, Ephraim F. Bullis ; 1873, 
 Henry Van Duzer, Charles G. Houser, Wm. II. Clark ; 1874, Wm. H. 
 Clark ; 1876, Henry Van Duzer; 1876, Amos M. Hollctt {same to 811 
 vacancy) : 1877, Charles Ketcham ; 1878, Noah I. Clark ; 1879, Henry 
 Van Duzer; 1880, Amos M. Holletl. 
 
 v.— VILLAGES, NEIGHBOKHOODS, Etc. 
 
 CORNWALL 
 
 as a name of early times, properly belongs to the 
 
 landing-place on the river, though the name can 
 
 scarcely be located at the present time. 
 
 Daniel Tobias did bnsiness as a shipper there about 
 the beginning of this century. He sailed a sloop as 
 shown below. Isaac Van Duzer was a merchant about 
 the same time. His name a])pears in connection with 
 much of the early public business. Mr. Lewis Beach, 
 in his recent work upon Cornwall, gives the following 
 account of the commerce of this river-port. 
 
 At the beginning of the present century the freight- 
 ing business was done from a dock which stood near 
 the Gillis brick-yard of modern times. It was reached 
 by a road through the ravine which skirts the Ryckman 
 estate on the north. From this point Capt. Daniel 
 Tobias sailed a sloop, and kept a store near the land- 
 ing. The name of Tobias is closely associated with 
 the freighting business for nearly half a century. 
 Capt. Daniel S. Tobias of recent times, and superin- 
 tendent of the salmon warehouse for many years, was 
 grandson of Dr. Isaac Tobias. The latter lived on 
 the William Halstead place, near Salisbury, and died 
 there in 1808. The father of Daniel S., whose name 
 was Isaac S. (a brother of Daniel), removed from the 
 old dock in 1807, and erected the house occupied in 
 late years by the oarsman. Josh Ward. At this time 
 there was no direct communication between the river 
 and the table-land above. He built the road at his 
 own expense as far as the first bridge, where it con- 
 nected with the present road to Willisville, which 
 latter road was then in existence. 
 
 Capt. Nathaniel Ring also sailed a sloop from the 
 old dock. He afterwards built the dock at the land- 
 ing owned in modern times by Mead & Taft. There 
 was also the old dock at the foot of Sloop IJill, long 
 since gone to decay. In 1810, Capt. Reuben Reynolds 
 came from New Windsor, and raised tlie house occu- 
 pied in recent times by Charles Brown, and built the 
 dock in front of it, afterwards used as a coal-yard. 
 About that time also Capts. Reynolds and Tobias built 
 and launched the sloop " Hamlet." In 1812, Capt. To- 
 bias sold out to Isaac Van Duzer, and retired to a farm 
 in the west end of the town. 
 
 The Clark dock, the most southerly one, was built 
 about 1827 by Nathan Clark. Cajit. Daniel S. Tobias 
 began his river-life at that time, going before the mast 
 under command of Capt. Reynolds. At the same time 
 
762 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Capt. John Sifferth sailed the sloop " Exchange" for 
 Isaac Van Duzer. A new era now took place in trans- 
 portation which has revolutionized the commerce of 
 the world. In 1828, Capt. Isaac Van Duzer built the 
 first steamboat for freighting purposes ever con- 
 structed on the river. It was cautiously named the 
 " Experiment," and boldly belied its name by proving 
 a success. The shipwright was Silas Corwin. The 
 craft was built at New Windsor. Her boilers and 
 engine were furnished by Isaiah and John Townsend, 
 of Albany. She was run for several years by Isaac 
 Van Duzer, and tjicn sold to Weeks & Griffin. Weeks 
 at that time kept the hotel that in later years became 
 the Charles Brown jilace. Weeks & Griffin sold the 
 boat to Henry Bertholf & Co., who ran her four or 
 five years. She next became the property of Hudson 
 McFarland, Mr. Mitchell, Dr. Morrison, and Capt. 
 Tobias. The latter ran her for a year, when her en- 
 gine became disabled, and it was not thought best to 
 repair it. This venerable pioneer boat was then con- 
 verted into a barge, and sailed as such from New 
 Windsor under the command of Capt. Dyer Brewster. 
 
 Upon the retirement of the " Experiment," the 
 steamboat " Wave" took her place, but only for a few 
 months. The next year the " Union" was put on and 
 officered by Capt. Tobias. Then came the " General 
 Jackson," acting as tow to the Newburgh and New 
 Windsor barges. The completion of the Erie Rail- 
 road to Piermont struck a fatal blow to the freighting 
 interests of Cornwall. This occurred in 1837. Up to 
 this period a large portion of the produce of the back 
 country for a distance of thirty miles had sought tide- 
 water at Cornwall. The farmers' wagons often formed 
 an extended line near the landing awaiting their turn 
 to unload. The principal articles of shipment were 
 hay, straw, butter, hoop-poles ("mountain wheat," as 
 they were called), farm produce, hickory-wood, bricks, 
 and live stock. The " General Jackson" was followed 
 by the " Gazelle," which ran as far as Poughkeepsie, 
 and merely called at Cornwall. The " Columbia" 
 succeeded the " Gazelle." About 1856, Henry Clark 
 bought the " Orange County," and placed her on the 
 line between Cornwall and the city. She was run by 
 Capt. Joseph Ketchum, and continued her trips down 
 to 1864. During this period the culture of small fruits, 
 especially the Antwerp, had been embarked in, and 
 fruit formed an important item of freight. 
 
 The name Cormoall, as applied to a village, has 
 scarcely any definite location. The post-office Corn- 
 wall is at Canterbury, while nearer the Hudson is the 
 post-office Cornwall-on-the-Hudson. 
 
 CANTERBURY. 
 
 This is by far the oldest village in the town, and is 
 also the largest in population. The modern growth 
 of all this section has connected this village to the 
 other villages in the vicinity, though there are lines 
 of separation which residents understand, however 
 much they may puzzle a casual visitor to distinguish. 
 
 The name was applied to the place at an early day, 
 and was very likely suggested by emigrants from 
 England, in memory of Canterbury, situated in the 
 County of Kent. The small stream passing through 
 this village was known as Canterbury Creek. In 
 later years near the Hudson it is know^n as Idlewild 
 Brook, from the location there of the country-seat of 
 the poet, N. P. Willis. The water-power furnished 
 by this stream was formerly of considerable value, 
 and several mills were located upon its banks. 
 The brick factory occupied in modern times by 
 James Winne as a joiner-shop was formerly used as 
 a tannery. John Cromwell was the proprietor, and 
 continued this business until the scarcity of bark led to 
 its abandonment. The mill beside the Willow Avenue 
 bridge, now the Taylor planing-mill, was run by J. 
 H. and W. Atkin.son as a yarn- and woolen-mill. 
 
 The earliest settlement in this section was not on 
 the present site of Canterbury, but a little to the 
 south, on the plain at the base of the mountains. A 
 very early house is spoken of by a recent writer as 
 that of Patrick Sutherland, which stood on the Justus 
 Sackett farm. No trace of it now remains. It is said 
 that a stone taken from this house may still be seen 
 in the wall before the residence of Mrs. Concklin, on 
 Clinton Street, bearing the inscription, " P. S. & W. 
 S., 1747." This is supposed to indicate the date when 
 the house mentioned was built. 
 
 There are many fine residences in Canterbury. 
 Pleasant drives abound in every direction. In the 
 near vicinity are charming glens, mountain-slopes, 
 forests still wild and dense ; while a few miles away 
 are the bold, storm-swept summits of the Highlands, 
 and places rich in legendary lore, as well as in the 
 memories of the Revolutionary age. 
 
 The village hotel, known as the Union House, is 
 kept by Mrs. IMoore. It has been a well-known house 
 of public entertainment for a long series of years. It 
 is a pleasant, quiet, home-like place, not ambitious of 
 the rush of summer travel, but oflering many attrac- 
 tions to the traveler in the way of excellent taljle, 
 pleasant rooms, and quiet, courteous attention. 
 
 CORNWALL-ON-THE-IIUDSON. 
 
 This is the name of the post-office located on the 
 upland above the older village at the river, and yet 
 east of Canterbury. The growth of a fine village at 
 this point rendered post-office facilities desirable, and 
 the name is appropriate, as the post-office " Corn- 
 wall" is located at Canterbury, while this new office 
 supplies the section between Canterbury and the 
 river. The office was established Jan. 1, 1862, and 
 Charles E. Cock appointed postmaster. He was suc- 
 ceeded in June, 1877, by the present incumbent, 
 Leonard N. Wyant. The office was raised to a third- 
 class office Jan. 1, 1879. In this immediate vicinity 
 there are several pleasant boarding-houses for sum- 
 mer guests, the Cornwall Library building, the Tem- 
 perance Hall, and a number of stores. 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 763 
 
 The place is also known as " the Corners," from the 
 number of roads which intersect here. It is also 
 designated Willisville, in honor of N. P. Willis, whose 
 residence was not far away. 
 
 IDLEWILD. 
 
 This is the name given by the late N. P. Willis to 
 his country-seat on the sovitliern bank of Canterbury 
 Creek, and near to the Hudson. He had spent some 
 time in this vicinity, and was charmed with the climate, 
 as exceedingly favorable to recovery from pulmonary 
 disease, with which he was afflicted. He finally pur- 
 chased a tract, and erected a handsome villa-residence. 
 The name is said to have arisen from the rei)ly of a 
 friend when Mr. Willis was examining the glen and 
 the rough, unpromising locality, " Oh," said his friend, 
 " this is nothing but an idle wild." The passing phrase, 
 caught up by the fancy of the poet, was at once be- 
 stowed upon the place. Here, in these retired .shades, 
 he passed the remaining years of his life, rendering 
 the secluded nook and all the surrounding country 
 famous by the charming productions of his pen. 
 
 His location here and his enthusiastic descriptions 
 of the delightful scenery and pure air of Cornwall 
 undoubtedly had much influence in inducing others 
 to come to Cornwall, and giving an impulse to the 
 growth of the village. Even business men are ready 
 to pay tribute not only to the memory of his genius 
 as a writer of poetry ajad the most charming of prose, 
 but as in many respects the patron, almost the founder, 
 of modern Cornwall. The world knew Idlewild 
 through the writings of Mr. Willis, and in seeking 
 Idlewild they discovered Cornwall. The name has 
 found ready acceptance in this community. The 
 creek long known as Canterbury has become Idlewild 
 Brook, there is Idlewild Avenue, Idlewild Lodge, and 
 Idlewild post-office. The latter is, however, so far 
 away from Idlewild itself as to be another specimen 
 of the incongruous nomenclature existing in this 
 locality. The Idlewild post-office is at the station on 
 the Short-Cut Newburgh Branch Railway, three miles 
 or more from the residence of the late Mr. Willis. 
 
 The people of this growing place will surely have 
 to resort to incorporation to save themselves from a 
 flood of names and from an astonishing confusion in 
 their application. Idlewild is three miles from Idle- 
 wild ; Cornwall is Canterbury ; Canterbury is Corn- 
 wall ; Cornwall-on-the-Hudson is not on the Hudson, 
 but another village is that perhaps was Cornwall once, 
 but it is not certain what its name now is, though it 
 may be Riverside ; and besides there is Willisville, 
 Roeville, Garnerville, and " the Corners," all in use 
 on the same territory, to say nothing of Glen Ridge, 
 Angola, Montana, and others waiting along the bor- 
 ders for a chance to enter the devoted town. 
 
 GARNERVILLE 
 
 is one of the local names at once convenient and con- 
 fusing. It designates a cluster of buildings between 
 
 Canterbury and "the Corners," erected on property 
 formerly belonging to a colored man of that name who 
 died some years ago. The houses are of a simple, plain 
 character, and occupied in the main by laborers and 
 mechanics. The Catholic church is in this locality. 
 
 RIVERSIDE. 
 This is the new name given to what in this article 
 we have called "Cornwall," namely, the landing and 
 the village lying along the river near it. This has 
 also been known as " the Hollow," or simply " The 
 Landing." Its present business (1880) may be briefly 
 stated as follows : Boat-house and boats to let by P. 
 Clark ; the same business by Dan. and Ed. Ward ; 
 Mead & Taft's lumber-yard, etc., mentioned else- 
 where ; Highland Hotel, by Charles M. Brown ; the 
 Ward House, by the celebrated oarsman. Josh. Ward ; 
 Seaman's store, dry goods and groceries; Jonas Mc- 
 Laughlin, boots and shoes ; the old store of Nathan 
 Clark, with the dock established by him fifty years 
 ago; a coal-yard, by Wm. Hunter; a dry-dock or 
 "ways," not much used now ; and last but not least, 
 the old central dock, the well-known Carpenter prop- 
 erty, at which all the passenger boats land. 
 
 ROEVILLE. 
 This hamlet is north of the Idlewild Brook, on the 
 road from Canterbury to Newburgh. It is named 
 from Mr. James G. Roe, whose fine summer resort, 
 known as Glen Ridge House, occupies a beautiful and 
 commanding summit near. The village lies along the 
 east part of Hunter Avenue, which extends from the 
 Newburgh road to Willow Avenue. The Glen Ridge 
 House is a spacious building, conveniently arranged 
 to accommodate a large number of guests. The 
 grounds are extensive, and winding walks along the 
 deep wild glen to the east lead guests into the very 
 depths of nature's secluded haunts. 
 
 THE MONTANA WOOLEN-MILLS 
 have developed something of a village around them. 
 They are situated on Murderer's Creek, near the north 
 line of the town. The following editorial description 
 recently appeared in the village paper: 
 
 " Moutana is a hamlet on Moodna Creek, at the foot of Willow Avenue, 
 about one mile from the village of Cornwall (Canterbury), and mainly 
 consists of the dwellings of the operatives of the mill, the princijial street 
 being a continuation of Willow Avenue, terminating at the iron bridge 
 near Mr. Orr's flour-mills. The village is pleasantly situated, the woolen- 
 mill occupying the eastern end. The building inclosing the machinery 
 where the fabiics are made, is four stories high, 50 feet wide, and 276 
 feet long. We first ascended to the fourth story, where we found six 
 seta of cards, consisting of eighteen machines, all in active operation. 
 These machines receive the raw wool at the first machine, which cleans 
 it and passes it on to the second, where it is carded and passed on to the 
 third. There it is again carded and formed into a cord and wound upon 
 rollers ready for the spinning-mules, which are on the floor below. 
 There are four of these machines, all double, and, together with four 
 sets of patent punched goods machines, occupy the whole floor. On the 
 second floor are thirty-eight fancy looms, and the latest patent machinery 
 for finishing goods. On the lower floor are washing and drying appa- 
 ratus, the dye-room, containing six large kettles boiled by steam, capa- 
 ble of dyeing 1000 pounds of wool a day, the boiler and engine-room. 
 The engine is a splendid specimen of the skill of the Wi-ight works of 
 
764 
 
 HISTOKY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Newburgh, and is of 80 horse-power. The boilers are also 80 horse-power 
 each. In additiuti to steam tiiey use water-power, having a fall of twenty 
 feet and a turbine wheel. 
 
 " One hundred and twenty-five operatives, men, women, boys, and 
 girls, are constantly employed, who turn out from the looms 400 yards, 
 and from tlie patent machines 80 ' yards daily, — total 1200 yards, — cassi- 
 meres, overcoatings, and ladies' cloakings, single and double widths; all 
 of which is sold iu New York City. The water-power is frequently used 
 six months in the year, and the average consumption of coal per year is 
 GOO tons. The oflice of the mills is in a building a little higher up the 
 hill. flir. IJroadlieiid has now carried on this exten.«ive business for 
 eleven yeare, having purcliased the mill in ISfiO, with the usual ups and 
 downs of manufacturing life, and it is anticipated that when the new 
 railroad is completed from Middletown to New York a greater impulse 
 will be given to this as well as other manufactures." 
 
 MOUNTAIjVVILLE 
 is a village in the southwest part of the town, near the 
 southern bend of Murderer's Creek. It is a station 
 upon the Newburgli Branch (Short-Cut) of the Erie 
 Railroad. A post-otiice was established at this place 
 one year after the railroad was opened. The post- 
 master appointed wa.s John Orr, who retains the office 
 to the present time (1880). The village has a location 
 of much beauty, including choice scenery in the val- 
 leys of both the Moodna and the Ramapo. It has 
 had considerable additions since the opening of the 
 railroad. It is near to the mineral spring, and for 
 this and other reasons it is receiving a fair share of 
 the summer travel, and many boarders remain for 
 several weeks in the delightful locality. 
 
 SALISBURY MILLS 
 post-office accommodates a portion of the town of 
 Cornwall, but the village is mostly within the town of 
 Blooming-Grove, to which reference is made for further 
 particulars. 
 
 BETHLEHEM 
 
 is a neighborhood in the northwest part of the town 
 on the public road leading from New Windsor to Go- 
 shen, and about five miles southwest of the former 
 village. The name was first applied to the Presbyte- 
 rian church established there in early times; as men- 
 tioned elsewhere. Afterwards the neighborhood be- 
 came known by the same designation. During the 
 Revolutionary war a part of the American army was 
 encamped for a time near the church. 
 
 ' VI.-SCHOOLS. 
 
 There are little or no accounts e.xtaut of the schools 
 of this town prior to the Revolution, nor for several 
 succeeding years. A school-house is occasionally 
 mentioned in early road surveys of the eastern part 
 of Orange County, or in other documents. Such 
 schools as existed in those pioneer times were sus- 
 tained by private eflbrt, and were established by 
 combinations of neighbors without any district or- 
 ganizations. , 
 
 Under a law of the State, passed about the year 
 1795, something of jjublic organization was attempted, 
 and a small sum of money was apportioned by the 
 board of supervisors. Under this law the following 
 citizens were chosen commissioners of schools in 1796, 
 
 and also in 1797 : Zephaniah Halsey, William Den- 
 niston, Setli Marvin, Thomas North, James D. Secor, 
 Obadiah Smith. 
 
 In 1799 there were chosen to the same office Joseph 
 Chandler, Obadiah Smith, and Jonathan Cooley. 
 No further official action by the town took place 
 until the passage of the new act of 1812, organizing 
 the general school system of the State. 
 
 The following persons served one or more years 
 each as school commissioners during the period from 
 1813 to 1843: Joseph Chandler, Jr., Samuel Van 
 Duzer, Thomas Carpenter, Jr., William A. Clark, 
 Isaac Van Duzer, Cornwall S. Roe, William Sayre, 
 Stephen Crissey, John Denniston, Thomas F. 
 Fish,* Isaac Cock, Samuel Townseud, Thomas F. 
 Fish, Bartholomew Mailler, Isaac Seaman, James 
 Van Duzer, Francis Clark, Francis E. Weygant, 
 Samuel Ketcham, Cornelius H. Clark, Horatio N. 
 Woodward, David Parry, James Barton, Francis T. 
 Benjamin, William H. Carpenter. Three of these 
 were continued in office for a long series of years, — 
 Isaac Van Duzer, William A. Clark, and John 
 Denniston. 
 
 During the same period the following persons were 
 chosen inspectors of common schools and served one 
 or more years each : Isaac Van Duzer, Elihu Hedges, 
 Campbell Faurot, N. Barton, John B. Havens, Wil- 
 liam Sayre, Noah Townsend, (Gilbert Webb, Cornwall 
 S. Roe, Artemus Dean, David Haven, Richard A. 
 Kronkhyte, John Smith, Nathan Westcott, David S. 
 Ring, Gilbert C. Peet, John Owens, John M. Gough, 
 Samuel H. Purdy, Isaac Ti. Van Duzer, Thomas F. 
 Fish, Alexander Clinton, Ebenezer C. Sutherland, 
 John L. Dusenberry, Oliver Cromwell, Nathan Smith, 
 William Morrison, William P. Cock, Theophilus R. 
 Burchard, Eleazer Crane, Evans Davis, Bartholomew 
 Mailler, Henry F. Chadeayne, William Hill, Isaac 
 Faurot, Zabinee J. D. Ivinsley. 
 
 After the adoption of the method of supervision by 
 town superintendents the following persons served 
 in that office in Cornwall. Annual elections : 184-1- 
 47, James Barton. Biennial elections : 1848-54, James 
 Barton ; 1856, Ephraim Goodman. The one last 
 named was not sworn in, as district commissioners 
 superseded the town superintendents in June, sev- 
 eral months before the official term of superintendent 
 commenced. From tliat date to the present time the 
 supervision of the schools has been wholly removed 
 from the town authorities. 
 
 Of the present public schools it is proper to say 
 that they are under excellent management, are well 
 attended, and are accommodated generally in good 
 buildings. The school at Willisville is worthy of 
 special mention. The building devoted to it is lo- 
 cated near Library Hall, and was erected in 1868 at 
 a cost of about S12,500. The money was raised at 
 the time by the issue of bonds, all of which were 
 
 * He had a tie vote with J<din Denniston in 1826. 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 765 
 
 subsequently paid according to their terms. About 
 .$2600 more was afterwards expended in the purchase 
 of maps, furniture, and other appointments. The 
 building is of brick, 60 by 82, and contains si.\ class- 
 rooms besides a library. The latter includes about 
 600 volumes. The public school at Canterbury is ac- 
 commodated by a plain, substantial building located 
 on Clinton Street. 
 
 There are several ])rivate schools nniintained at 
 Cornwall under thorough management. The influ- 
 ences thrown around pupils are of an elevated char- 
 acter. The fine scenery, the healthy atmosphere, the 
 literary culture existing in the town, as well as the 
 superior qualifications of the teachers, combine to 
 render the place a desirable resort, to which pupils 
 may be sent by jiarents who desire to know that only 
 proper intluences surround their children while away 
 from home at school. Among these the Young Ladies' 
 Institute maybe specially named. Rev. Alfred C. Roe, 
 principal. 
 
 Rev. Alfred Cox Roe. — Tlie branch of the Roe 
 family represented by the subject of tliis sketch was 
 early identified with the jnoneer life of the country. 
 The i)rogenitor of the family in America was John 
 
 Roe, born in 1628, emigrated from Ireland in 1641, and 
 who located first in Massachusetts, and subsequently 
 on Long Island, at a place then called Setaucket, 
 now Port Jefferson, where several successive genera- 
 tions of the family have since resided. He died in 
 I71I. Of himself and wife, Hannah Purrer, was born 
 
 a son, Nathaniel, in 1670, who died in 1752. His 
 wife was Hannah Reeve, born in 1678, died Aug. 16, 
 1759, and the children were Nathaniel, John, Eliza- 
 beth, Hannah, and Deborah. Nathaniel Roe (2) was 
 born in the year 1700, and died in 1789. He mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Phillips, born in 1702, died in 1788, 
 and the issue of the union were Phillips, James, Na- 
 thaniel (.3), William, Hannah, Elizabeth, Sarah, and 
 Deborah. 
 
 James Roe, second son of Nathaniel (2), was the 
 grandfather of the subject of this sketch, and was born 
 April 9, 1744. Early in life he took up his residence 
 at Kingston, Ulster Co., where he married, on Oct. 19, 
 1770, Elizabeth Elting (born Jan. 8, 1745, died Sept. 
 28, 1793), and a representative of an old Huguenot 
 lamily in Ulster, who, driven forth from France by 
 the revocation of the edict of Nantes, sought the 
 wilderness of America as an asylum where freedom ot 
 religious worship could be enjoyed. He served as a 
 captain in the Revolutionary war. His house was 
 burned by the British at the time of the burning of 
 Kingston, during that struggle. His children, all of 
 whom were born in Kingston, were James, Elizabeth, 
 John Elting, Sylvester, Ann, William, Nathaniel (4), 
 Rachel, and Peter. James Roe died Oct. 31, 1815, 
 and was buried at Cornwall, where he settled soon 
 after the close of the Revolutionary war. 
 
 Peter Roe, father of Rev. A. C. Roe, was born Sept. 
 14, 1789. He married Susan Williams, of New 
 Windsor; and during the earlier part of his life en- 
 gaged in the wholesale grocery business in New York 
 City. He subsequently settled in New Windsor, where 
 he engaged in agricultural and horticultural opera- 
 tions until his death on Aug. 13, 1877. He was a 
 man of integrity and moral worth, devoted to the 
 performance of secular and religious duty, and led an 
 unostentatious and earnest life. An early anti-slavery 
 man in his convictions and in his political action, he 
 encountered many personal dangers growing out of 
 the agitation of that period, while during the late 
 Rebellion he maintained great personal courage on 
 several important occasions. His wife was a lady of 
 many excellent qualities, possessed of a wonderful 
 memory, and a devoted wife and mother. She was a 
 thorough historical and biblical scholar, and, it is 
 said, could repeat the New Testament and Milton's 
 Paradise Lost word for word. The children of Peter 
 and Susan (Williams) Roe, were eight in number, 
 namely, — Oswald William, who died young; Alfred 
 Cox ; James Gilbert ; Susan Elizabeth ; John Peter ; 
 William Wilberforce; Edward Payson; and Mary 
 Abigail. 
 
 Alfred C. Roe was born in New York City, on 
 April 7, 1823. In 1824 his father, Peter Roe, removed 
 to Moodna, Orange Co., then known as Murderer's 
 Creek, from the tradition of the death of the Stacey 
 family in the early Indian history of the country, re- 
 lated by Paulding, and afterwards celebrated in verse 
 by Bishop A. C. Coxe. 
 
766 
 
 HISTOKY OF ORANGE COUNTr, NEW YORK. 
 
 The earlier educational training of Mr. Roe was 
 received from a governess employed in the family, 
 and from 18.35 to 1840 he was fitted for college by 
 Rev. Jonathan Silliman, pastor of the Presbyterian 
 Church, Canterbury, Orange Co. He entered the 
 sophomore class of the New York University in the 
 latter year, and after a successful collegiate career 
 was graduated with the third honor of his class, being 
 especially proficient in Greek, mathematics, and the 
 natural sciences. Among his classmates were Rev. 
 William P. Breed, D.D., William Allen Butler, and 
 Aaron J. Vanderpoel. On leaving college Mr. Roe 
 taught for one season in the school of Rev. Alfred 
 Chester, of Morristown, N. J., and in the fall of 1844 
 opened a school for ladies and gentlemen in the vil- 
 lage of Canterbury, now Cornwall, Orange Co., some 
 of those whom he had then under instruction sub- 
 sequently becoming well-known officers in the war of 
 the Rebellion, among them being Col. Ulric Dahl- 
 gren. Col. William Silliman, and Maj. James Crom- 
 well, of Orange County, all of whom lost their lives 
 in the war. 
 
 In the spring of 1853, Mr. Roe purchased the 
 Fowler Griggs property, now owned by Mrs. Cars- 
 well, and removed to Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, where 
 he opened a school for boys, at first general in its 
 scope, but which was gradually changed to mathe- 
 matical and engineering studies, and enjoyed great 
 popularity. In the fall of 1868 he entered the gospel 
 ministry, and was ordained by the Presbytery of 
 Kortli River. He soon after closed his school and, 
 aninuited by a desire to be of service in the war then 
 being prosecuted against the South, entered the army 
 as cliaplain, being connected first with the Eighty- 
 third New Y'ork Volunteers (the old Ninth New Y'ork 
 State Militia), and subsequently with the One Hun- 
 dred and Fourth New York Volunteers. He joined 
 his first regiment at Cedar Mountain, and partici- 
 pated actively in the great revival movements of the 
 Army of the Potomac, especially at Culpepper. He 
 was in the field-hospitals or with the troops during 
 the campaign of the Wilderness, and until the army 
 settled down before Petersburg. He was then in the 
 neighborhood of Forts Sedgwick and Warren until 
 the taking of the Weldon Railroad. The day follow- 
 ing the regiment to which he belonged was annihi- 
 lated or captured in the attempt of the Confederates 
 to retake the position, the chaplain escaping the gen- 
 eral disaster on account of his absence in expressing 
 money home for the soldiers. Even then he would 
 have returned in time to his regiment had he not 
 been urged by one of the general ofiicers on his route 
 homeward to stop and take dinner with him. After 
 the destruction of his regiment, Chaplain Roe was 
 appointed to staff service with the Third Division, 
 Fifth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Crawford commanding, until 
 the close of the war. While attached to this corps 
 he was present at the battle of Hatcher's Run, at 
 Warren's raid to Weldon, at the battle of Five Forks. 
 
 and at the surrender at Appomattox, oftentimes per- 
 forming hazardous and trying service. 
 
 At the close of the war Mr. Roe located in New 
 York, where he entered upon city mission-work in 
 the service of the New York City Mission and Tract 
 Society, working chiefly in the Fifteenth Ward, in 
 the neighborhood of Houston and Bleecker Streets, 
 among the fallen and the saloons of gilded vice, and 
 in connection with the " Home for the Fallen." In De- 
 cember, 1867, he accepted the position of secretary of 
 the American Christian Commission, and was occu- 
 pied in arranging Christian conventions and in dis- 
 seminating information on practical Christian labor. 
 The Christian at Work was started in Mr. Roe's office, 
 largely by his help and influence, and was edited by 
 him for several months. 
 
 In the spring of 1870, Mr. Roe entered into the dis- 
 tinctive work of the ministry, and labored until May 
 of the following year among the factory operatives at 
 Lowell, Ma.ss., in many resjjects a wide and promising 
 field. In June, 1871, he accepted a call to the Second 
 Presbyterian Church of Geneva, N. Y'., where he la- 
 bored for two years, and then removed to Clyde, 
 Wayne Co., N. Y'., where he remained until May, 
 1877, when, finding the climate injurious to his fam- 
 ily, he returned to Cornwall-ou-the-Hudson, and 
 opened in the fall of that year a school for young 
 ladies, occupying for one year his former location, 
 and then removing to his present picturesque and 
 healthful residence. Here Mr. Roe has since contin- 
 ued, bringing to his duties a wide experience in edu- 
 cational work, and laboring to confer upon the young 
 ladies committed to his charge a superior education, 
 and to fit them for the intelligent performance of the 
 duties of life. The course of study pursued is high, 
 following the Harvard standard for ladies as a guide, 
 and the object in view is to educate the pupils as 
 thoroughly as they would be at any collegiate insti- 
 tution, while due regard is paid to the health and 
 strength of each, so that girls of delicate constitution 
 can study as they are able without the pressure of the 
 routine of a college or large institution. The plan 
 has proven justly popular, and the school is well pa- 
 tronized by the public, the pupils enjoying mean- 
 time the influences of a harmonious and well-regu- 
 lated Christian home, as well as a climate celebrated 
 for its general healthfulness. 
 
 Mr. Roe was married on March 23, 1847, to Caroline 
 P., daughter of Judge Francis Child, of Morristown, 
 N. J., who died in 1859, leaving two children, viz.: 
 Frank C, at present in the employ of the New Y'ork 
 Elevated Railroad Company, and Caroline P. Roe. 
 To his present wife, nee Emma, daughter of Rev. J. 
 D. Wickham, D.D., of Manchester, Vt., he was united 
 on Oct. 24, 1860. The children of this union are 
 Elizabeth Merwin, Mary Wickham, and Joseph Wick- 
 ham Roe. 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 767 
 
 VII.-CHDHCHES. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CONGREGATION OF BETH- 
 1>EIIEM 
 
 was incorporated by a certifieati' filed April 30, 1785. 
 The trustees named in the instrument were Wm. Den- 
 niston, James Kernaghan, Samuel MoflTatt, Jr., Jame.s 
 Clinton, George Denniston, Samuel Ketcham, Wm. 
 Jloflatt, Joseph Chandler. The paper was signed by 
 Wm. Denniston and Joseph Chandler, two of tlie elders 
 of the church. This was the legal organization, under 
 the laws of the State, of a church which had already 
 existed for many years under colonial authority. 
 
 The congregation embraces a part of three towns, — 
 Cornwall, New Windsor, and Blooming-Grove. The 
 church edifice stands within the bounds of the first 
 named. It is the third oldest Presbyterian congrega- 
 tion organized north of the Highlands and west of the 
 Hudson River. (See General History.) 
 
 For a considerable time they did not enjoy the ad- 
 vantages of a stated ministry, but were dependent 
 upon such occasional services as they could obtain. 
 The name of the first minister who resided and labored 
 constantly among them was Chalker. His successor 
 was the Rev. Enos Ayres, whose name is found in the 
 catalogue of the first class graduated from the College 
 of New Jersey, then at Newark, but since removed to 
 Princeton. Mr. Ayres continued his ministry down 
 to the year 1764. He was succeeded by a gentleman 
 from Scotland, Rev. Francis Peppard, but whether 
 immediately or after an interval we are not informed. 
 During his ministry.the congregation of New Windsor 
 came into existence, and was associated with Bethle- 
 hem, Mr. Peppard supplying both pulpits. Mr. Pep- 
 pard's ministry ended in 1773. The next stated 
 preacher was the Rev. John Close. His ministry con- 
 tinued fourteen years, embracing the Revolutionary 
 war. After Mr. Close had retired the pulpit was occu- 
 pied by Rev. Mr. Freeman, a learned and eloquent man, 
 who removed from here to the State of New Jersey. 
 He was succeeded by Rev. Joel T.Benedict. Mr. Ben- 
 edict was a man of ardent piety, untiring zeal, and an 
 eloquence which drew crowds to listen to his preach- 
 ing. Rev. Henry Ford, a man of estimable character, 
 followed Mr. Benedict, and was in turn followed by 
 Rev. Artemas Dean, who commenced his ministry in 
 December, 1813, and continued it until April, 1842. 
 During Mr. Dean's pastorate the old church, after 
 standing nearly a century, was replaced by another 
 edifice in 1828. 
 
 Mr. Dean was succeeded by Rev. J. B. Hubbard, 
 who occupied the pulpit until April, 1846. Mr. Hub- 
 bard was succeeded by the Rev. John N. Lewis, who 
 remained until July, 1853. He was followed by Rev. 
 Robert H. Beattie in September, 1854. Dr. Beattie 
 was pastor until May, 1866. Rev. Wm. A. Holliday 
 was his successor, and remained until 1872. 
 
 The present pastor. Rev. David J. Atwater, officia- 
 ted as a supply for some months, when a call tendered 
 him by the church was accepted, and he was installed 
 
 I May 1, 1873. In 1872 the church edifice was reseated 
 and otherwise considerably improved at an expense 
 of about S1300. 
 
 The old burial-ground belonging to the church is 
 a place of early sacred associations. There " the 
 forefathers of the hamlet sleep." The place was en- 
 larged in 1868 by the purchase of four acres, which 
 were appropriately divided into lots. 
 
 FRIENDS' MEETING, CORNWALL (HICKSITE). 
 
 The Friends of early times in this town met for 
 worship at the house of David Sands (the Robert E. 
 Ring place of modern times). Mr. Sands was a noted 
 
 I preacher of this denomination, and was very prom- 
 
 ': inent in the public affairs of the town. In 1798 he 
 visited England and Ireland, during the rebellion of 
 the latter country, and passed unmolested from the 
 camp of the Royalists to that of the insurgents, boldly 
 
 I preaching the doctrine of peace. 
 
 The meeting-house south of Canterbury village 
 was erected about 1790, and the property, then of 
 several acres in extent, was deeded in 1789 by Lang- 
 ford Thorn to Joseph Thorn, Nicholas- Townsend, and 
 William Titus, in trust for the Cornwall Monthly 
 
 I Meeting. The frame of the original building remains, 
 
 I but is no longer the time-worn, venerable meeting- 
 house known to several generations. It has recently 
 been thoroughly repaired, newly sided, roofed, and 
 painted, and the grounds around it improved. It is 
 now a neat, handsome edifice, yet of that plain, unpre- 
 tending order characteristic of the Friends. It is said 
 that in the erection of the original building of 1790, 
 Catharine Sands brought the nails on horseback with 
 which the house was put together. These nails were 
 of wrought iron, and were made at the smithy in 
 New Windsor. She was at that time about twelve 
 years of age. Six years later she was married to 
 Elias Ring, being the first marriage celebrated in the 
 new meeting-house. In the division that occurred in 
 
 j the denomination throughout the country, about the 
 year 1827, the Hicksite portion of the Cornwall 
 Friends held the old property. 
 
 The following particulars are furnished by J[oshua 
 T. Cromwell: 
 
 There was a meeting held at Cornwall before the 
 Monthly Meeting was established. 
 
 Cornwall Monthly Meeting was established 11th 
 mo. 21, 1788. The first clerk was John Dean ; the 
 second, William Titus, appointed 7th mo., 1792; the 
 third, Amos Mills, appointed 11th mo., 1793. 
 
 The ministers named in the record are Gardner 
 Earle and David Sands. 
 
 The first marriage was of Elias Ring and Catharine 
 Sands, 5th mo., 1790; the second, Henry Reynolds 
 and Rhoda Cock, 2d mo., 1790; the third, Reuben 
 
 ! Wright and Philadelphia Hawkshurst, 3d mo., 1791 ; 
 the fourth, Jacob Cock and Hannah Townsend, 4th 
 mo., 1792. 
 " 4th mo., 1789, paid for sufferings on account of 
 
768 
 
 HISTOllY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 our testimony against war, £35, and nearly clear of 
 traffic in spirituous liquors; none distilled. 
 
 "4tli mo., 1790, £17 178. 6d. ; no negroes as slaves. 
 
 "4th mo., 1791, £12 2s. ; clear of dealing in spiritu- 
 ous liquors." 
 
 The deed for the property at Cornwall was made 
 by Langford Thorn and Mary, his wife, to Joseph 
 Thorn, Nicholas Townsend, and William Titus, duly 
 elected and appointed by the Society of Friends at 
 a meeting in Cornwall to purchase and take title for 
 and in behalf of said society; is dated 7th mo. 9, 
 1789; consideration, £25 12s. 6rf. It is a full war- 
 ranty deed, and conveys ten and a quarter acres and 
 twenty-five rods of land, including four acres called 
 the nieeting-liouse lot. Josepli Thorn, John Young, 
 and Charles Webl) were appointed a committee to 
 settle with the trustees for building tlie meeting- 
 house. 
 
 4th mo., 1819, John Green, Noah Townsend, Rich- 
 ard Trimble, and Henry Titus were appointed to re- 
 pair the meeting-house. The expense was $1300. 
 David Cromwell was one of the carpenters. The 
 present cost of repairing (1880) was about $1000. 
 
 Present clerks of Preparative Meeting, Charles E. 
 Cock and Mary Brown ; of Monthly Meeting, James 
 Seaman and Elizabeth Seaman ; of Quarterly Meet- 
 ing, Joshua T. Cromwell ; Overseers, J. Quimby 
 Brown and Charles E. Cock ; Elders, John Cromwell, 
 Jacob Seaman, Chas. E. Cock, Phebe Cock, Hannah 
 Seaman, Elizabeth Cromwell, and Martha Seaman. 
 
 Names of Friends that belonged to the first meet- 
 ings and served on committees, etc., and had removal 
 certificates from Long Island and other places to 
 Cornwall, are as follows : 
 
 Names received : David Sands, Nicholas Townsend, 
 Langford Thorn, Joseph Shove, Job Wright, Jede- 
 diah Allen, John Dean, William' Titus, Jacob Brown, 
 Gardiner Earle, Gideon Mulliner,* John Young, Ed- 
 ward Hallock,* William Bloomer,* William Knowles, 
 Joshua Sutton, Patrick Cashada, Moses Clark, Nehe- 
 miali Smith, Charles Webb (afterwards a mini.ster). 
 
 Under date of 3d mo. 23d, the names of Jacob 
 Cock, Benjamin Pell, Job Davis, and Reuben Wright 
 appear in the records. 
 
 25th of 5th mo., 1789, William Titus was ap- 
 pointed treasurer; Joseph Thorn, Joshua Sutton, 
 Nicholas Townsend, and Job Wright committee to 
 look after the poor. 6th mo., 1789, Elias Ring re- 
 ceived by certificate from Concord, Pa. 12th mo., 
 1789, school committee, Nicholas Townsend, John 
 Young, Gardiner Earle, William Titus, and Job 
 AVright. 3d mo., 1792, raised for the relief of the 
 poor 5 pounds 19 shillings. 6th mo., 1794, Samuel 
 Seaman received by certificate, and his wife, Keziah, 
 and children,— Thomas, Martha, Silas, Rachel, and 
 John. Women Friends named in early records were 
 Phebe Earle, clerk ; Abigail Fowler, Phebe Young, 
 
 * Probably residents of Pleusaut Valley or of Marlborough. 
 
 Phebe Dean were the first committee in care of Valley 
 meeting; Clement Sands, Hannah Smith, Phebe 
 Earle, and Abigail Fowler were the representatives 
 to first Quarterly Meeting. 
 
 Hannah Smith, Catherine Palmer, Elizabeth Cock, 
 and Mary Pell were a committee to attend the meet- 
 ing at Gideon Mulliuer's house. At this time 
 Clement Sands and Mary Titus were overseers. The 
 second committee to attend meeting at Gideon Mulli- 
 uer's house were Abigail Fowler, Hannah Smith, 
 Philadelphia Townsend, Mary Carpenter, Phebe 
 Young, Letitia Clark, Rhoda Cock. 
 
 4th month, 1789, representatives to Quarterly 
 Meeting were Hannah Smith, Deborah Brown, 
 Rhoda Cock, Letitia Clark, and Philena Hallock. 
 Other names mentioned in those early years were 
 Phebe McCann, Martha Sutton, Anna Tripp, Cathe- 
 rine Palmer, Sarah Hallock, Rhoda Howell, Mary 
 Wright, Martha Thorn. 
 
 THE FIRST BAPTIST CONGREGATION AT NEW 
 CORNWALL 
 
 met for legal organization at the house of Samuel 
 Raymond, Nov. 17, 1794. The certificate was signed 
 by Samuel Raymond and Henry Mandeville, deacons, 
 and the trustees named therein were Jacob Mande- 
 ville, Obadiah Smith, Andrew Sutherland, Jr., Joseph 
 Smith, and James Sutherland. 
 
 The first record we have of a Baptist organization 
 in the town of Cornwall is that of Nov. 17, 1794. 
 The certificate filed in the county clerk's office was 
 signed by Samuel Raymond and Henry Mandeville, 
 deacons, and the trustees named therein were Jacob 
 Mandeville, Obadiah Smith, Andrew Sutherland, Jr., 
 Joseph Smith, and James Sutherland. This organi- 
 zation was never recognized as a regular Baptist 
 church, and was of short duration, and it was not 
 till April 9, 1822, that another organization was 
 effected. Then a few Baptists met at the house of 
 William Atkinson and effected another organization ; 
 Benjamin Atkinson and Samuel Brooks were ap- 
 pointed inspectors of the election ; Samuel Gregg, 
 William Atkinson, Joseph Brooks, Benjamin Atkin- 
 son, James Brooks, John Denniston, and Daniel 
 Tobias were elected trustees. This organization con- 
 tinued until Oct. 16, 1823, when it was duly recognized 
 as a regular Baptist Church by a council of sister 
 churches. Rev. Aaron Perkins was chosen mod- 
 erator of the council, and Nathaniel S. Davis clerk. 
 The following persons composed the membership of 
 the church : Brethren, Samuel Brooks, William Atkin- 
 son, Samuel Gregg, and Benjamin Wright ; and sisters, 
 Ann Brooks, Elizabeth Brooks, and Mary Gregg. 
 
 The recognition sermon was preached by Rev. A. 
 Perkins, and the hand of fellowship was given by 
 Rev. C. Mais. The first deacons chosen by this 
 church were Samuel Gregg and Samuel Brooks. At 
 an adjourned meeting Robert Young was elected 
 sexton, Samuel Brooks treasurer, and Samuel Gregg 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 769 
 
 and Benjamin Atkinson the leaders of the singing. 
 Kev. C. Mais was the first pastor, but nothing is said 
 of his pastorate. June 2, 1825, Rev. Tlionias Powell 
 was called as pastor. Succeeding pastorates were as 
 follows : 
 
 Rev. D. T. Hill, May 20, 1827, to May, 1829; Rev. 
 A. C. Sangster, from Aug. 4, 1832; Rev. J. Well- 
 slager, April 3, 1838, to April 1, 1840; Rev. James 
 W. Jones, May 28, 1840, to Sept. 29, 1841 ; Rev. G. 
 Webster, June 1, 184.S, to May 1, 1844; Rev. C. Ray- 
 mond, May 19, 1844, to May 19, 1845; Rev. J. S. 
 Bailey, June 1, 1845, to January, 1848; Rev. William 
 Wilkins, Oct. 14, 1848, to March 1, 18.50; Rev. E. P. 
 Weed, February, 1860, to Jan. 1, 1865; Rev. B. F. 
 Bowen, Nov. 1, 1865, to Aug. 1, 1866; Rev. E. B. 
 Palmer, Sept. 1, 1866, to April 1, 1869; Rev. James 
 Goodman, Sept. 4, 1870, to Sept. 1, 1873; Rev. Isaac 
 Wescott, D.D., Jan. 1, 1874, to Oct. 1, 1877; Rev. D. 
 T. Hill, March 1, 1877, to April 1, 1878; Rev. J. E. 
 Bell, March 16, 1879, to Sept. 1, 1879; Rev. M. L. 
 Ferris, the present pastor, settled May 1, 1880. The 
 church now numbers 90 members. The present 
 officers are Rev. M. L. Ferris, pastor; George Brooks 
 and Gilbert Tompkins, deacons ; George Brooks, 
 treasurer; and John H. Atkinson, clerk. The trus- 
 tees are William Atkinson, Benjamin Wright, John 
 H. Atkinson, Gilbert Tompkins, George Brooks, and 
 James M. Davis. 
 
 The first meeting-house was built in 1822-23, near 
 what is now Orr's Mills. The present house of wor- 
 ship was built in 1849. The church was originally 
 called the Zion Baptist Church, but in 1849 the name 
 was changed to "The Baptist Church of Cornwall," 
 and the certificate was duly filed in the county clerk's 
 office. 
 
 The early records of the church are very imperfect, 
 thus preventing a more minute sketch, especially in 
 reference to the length of pastoral settlements. 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN. SOCIETY OF CANTER- 
 BURY 
 
 made a legal organization Nov. 2, 1824. The pro- 
 ceedings were signed by Samuel Cruver, chairman, 
 and Thomas S. Fish, secretary. The meeting was 
 held at the school-house, and the trustees chosen were 
 Peter Roe, Thomas F. Fish, Daniel Cruver, Stephen 
 Crissey, Lewis Barrett, Isaac Van Duzer, Nathan 
 Westcott, Samuel W. Heard, Samuel Townsend. At 
 the same meeting it was resolved to build a church in 
 or near the village of Canterbury. This was the legal 
 organization of a society nearly four years before the 
 formation of the church, as the latter is given in 
 "Beach's History of Cornwall" as July 1, 1827. 
 
 In pursuance of the vote mentioned in the certifi- 
 cate of incorporation a house of worship was erected 
 within the next two or three years, as it is stated to 
 have been completed for worship in 1827. The build- 
 ing then erected was remodeled and improved in 1841, 
 and again in 1860. At this last date a new front of 
 
 brick was added and a tower at an expense of $2000. 
 The rear of the lot on which the church stands is 
 used as a burial-place. 
 
 The organization of the church in 1827 was under 
 the labors of Rev. James H. Thomas, and the mem- 
 bers were mostly from other churches, having received 
 letters of dismission irom their former churches to 
 enable them to constitute this new one. Mr. Thomas 
 was installed Feb. 12, 1828, pastor of two churches — 
 that of Canterbury and the one at New Windsor — by 
 the Nortli River Presbytery. This relation was dis- 
 solved by the action of the Wappinger Presbytery, 
 with which this church had been subsequently united, 
 April 29, 1834. The Rev. John B. Fish was then em- 
 ployed for about fifteen months. In the fall of 1835 
 the Rev. .Tonathan Silliman was installed pastor by 
 the Presbytery of North River, and remained in that 
 position for the long period of twenty-six years. On 
 the third Sabbath of July, 1861, he tendered his resig- 
 nation, which was finally accepted, and the relation 
 regularly terminated by the action of the Presbytery. 
 Mr. Silliman, however, continued to supply the pul- 
 ])it for several months longer. He also remained at 
 Canterbury, and now (1880) may be seen every Sab- 
 bath sitting in a chair near to the pulpit from which 
 he so long preached the gospel. 
 
 On April 1, 1862, Rev. Alvah Baker was employed 
 as supply, and continued in the service of the church 
 for two years. He was a licentiate of the Third Pres- 
 bytery of New York. Rev. Clarence Eddy, a licen- 
 tiate of Princeton Seminary, next occupied the pulpit 
 as pastor, being installed in the spring of 1865, and 
 continuing in that relation until Jan. 15, 1869. After 
 something of an interval, in which the pulpit was 
 temporarily supplied by various ministers. Rev. Wil- 
 liam E. Clarke was statedly employed from Oct. 1, 
 1869, to April 1, 1872. Soon after an arrangement 
 was made with Rev. Lyman Abbott, one of the edi- 
 tors of the Christian Union, and residing at Cornwall- 
 on-the-Hudson, to supply this pulpit. His labors are 
 highly appreciated by the congregation. He does 
 not, however, assume the full work of pastor, his ser- 
 vices being limited by agreement to a morning dis- 
 course followed by Bible-class instruction. He is 
 still acting under the arrangement referred to. 
 
 The present session consists of Rev. Jonathan Silli- 
 man, moderator, and William V. Dusenberry, N. R. 
 Pierson, A. M. Hollett, Dr. J. T. Hotchkiss, elders. 
 The board of trustees comprises N. R. Pierson, Wil- 
 liam Orr, Peter Millington, Oliver Brewster, and A. 
 M. Hollett. 
 
 Rev. Jonathan' Silliman was born at Chester, 
 Middlesex Co., Conn., on July 22, 1793. He was the 
 son of Thomas Silliman, and grandson of Rev. Robert 
 Silliman, for many years pastor of the Congregational 
 Church at New Canaan, Conn. Rev. Robert Silli- 
 man was an uncle of Gen. G. S. Silliman. Tradition 
 says that the family originated in Italy, the patro- 
 nymic being Sillimuiidi. 
 
770 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANQE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Rev. Jonathan Sillinian received his collegiate edu- 
 cation at Yale, irom which institution he was gradu- 
 ated in the class of 1817. He subsequently studied 
 theology at Andover, Mass., and was graduated from 
 the seminary at that place in 1821. During his theo- 
 
 
 /. J^^rri 
 
 oi/yt 
 
 logical course he taught for one year at Phillips 
 Academy, Andover. After being regularly licensed 
 to preach, Mr. Sillinian entered uinm the work of the 
 gospel ministry in Virginia, first in the counties of 
 New Kent and Charles City, and afterwards in King 
 William's County, where he remained in the perform- 
 ance of missionary and evangelical work for a period 
 of thirteen years. In 1835, in consequence of the 
 severe climate of Virginia, he removed to the North, 
 and became the pastor of the Canterbury Presbyterian 
 Church, Cornwall, Orange Co., N. Y., continuing to 
 labor in that field until the year 1862, when he ceased 
 to be connected with the church as pastor, although 
 he still resides at Canterbury. 
 
 Mr. Sillinian has now attained the advanced age of 
 eighty-eight years, but is still well preserved, and 
 afflicted with Init slight bodily ailments. He has 
 lived a quiet and unostentatious life, and devoted him- 
 self entirely to faithful work in the Master's vineyard. 
 He has been es.sentially a home-worker, considering 
 it to be his highest duty to look after the interests of 
 his own community first, and not identifying himself 
 notably with the jHiblic movements of his church and 
 of society. He has been recognized as a faithful and 
 efficient pastor, devoted to his calling, and is held in 
 
 the highest respect and esteem by his friends and 
 neighbors. 
 
 Mr. Silliman was married on Sept. 5, 1832, to Anna, 
 daughter of Rev. Amzi Armstrong, D.U., for twenty 
 years pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Meudham, 
 N. J., and subsequently principal for ten years of the 
 academy at Bloomfield, N. J. The family is of Scotch- 
 Irish descent, the grandfather of Rev. Mr. Armstrong 
 having come from Euniskillen, Ireland, about the 
 year 1727, and settled first on Long Island, and after- 
 wards at Warwick, N. Y'., where many of the descend- 
 ants of the family still reside. 
 
 An onl)' son of Mr. and Mrs. Silliman, William, of 
 great professional promise in the law, lost his life in 
 the late war. A sketch of his life appears in the 
 military history of this work. 
 
 FRIENDS' MEETING, CORNWALL (ORTHODOX). 
 
 At the division in 1827 the Hicksite portion hold- 
 ing the old meeting-house and grounds, those who 
 became known as Orthodox were under the necessity 
 of seeking accommodations elsewhere. For a time 
 they held their meetings at the house of Jabez Green, 
 in Canterbury, in late years the place of Mrs. Purdy. 
 From there they went to what is known as the Bell 
 House, in Montana. After that they met for a time 
 in the brick building near the Union Hotel in Canter- 
 bury. But all these places were only temporary 
 places for their meeting. They needed a fixed and 
 permanent abiding place, and accordingly in 1828 
 and 1829 they built the present brick meeting-house 
 in Canterbury village, back from the principal street 
 and in the rear of John Chatfield's. Here they have 
 a large and convenient site that with a little grading 
 and improvement might become a handsome property. 
 It is said that the opening of this new meeting-house 
 was characterized by an interesting coincidence with 
 the opening of the first. In 1831 the marriage of 
 Squire Ring was the first that occurred in the new 
 house, as the marriage of his mother forty years be- 
 fore had been the first to occur in the old house. 
 
 Near this meeting-house is the private burial-place 
 of the Ring and Sands families. The remains of 
 David Sands, the early preacher, rest there at the 
 present time, having been removed from the small 
 and early burial-place near !Mr. John Hancon's. 
 
 THE METHODIST CHURCH OF CORNWALL 
 executed a certificate of incorporation at Cornwall in 
 the usual " meeting-room," June 20, 1829. The pro- 
 ceedings were signed by John L. Dusenberry and 
 Charles Hamilton, and the trustees chosen were 
 George Marriott, Archer Clark, John L. Dusenberry, 
 Henry W. Bartholf, Charles Hamilton, and Milton 
 DuBois. This formal organization had been preceded 
 by the well-known itinerant work of the Methodist 
 Church. The first preaching was in private houses 
 or in school -housas, as the early laborers went up and 
 down among the mountains breaking to scattered 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 771 
 
 neighborhoods the bread of life. The territory now 
 embraced in this charge was formerly a part of the 
 New Windsor 'Circuit. That included Vail's Gate, 
 Salisbury, Chester, Monroe, Sugar-Loaf, Little Brit- 
 ain, Mountainville, and sundry other neighborhoods. 
 Over this immense circuit the early ministers traveled, 
 thus having a parish large enough to constitute the 
 modern district of a presiding elder. 
 
 Rev. W. G. Browning, who prepared the sketch in 
 the church book in 1877, from which these facts are 
 chiefly obtained, states that some of the oldest mem- 
 bers living, as Thomas Ostrander and Gilbert Barton, 
 speak with enthusiasm of the early ministers and 
 their self-denying labors; among whom are recalled 
 the names of Revs. Daniel Ostrander, Eben Smith, 
 John E. Robertson, Heman Bangs, Wm. Jewett, 
 Marvin Richardson, Phineas Rice, Nathan Rice, 
 Noah Bigelow, Benjamin Griffin, Seymour Landon, 
 Jarvis Nichols ; of one Lyons, who died of paralysis 
 in his stable at Sugar-Loaf ; of James K. Romer, 
 David Holmes, William Bloomer, A. C. Fields, Jacob 
 Washburn, John A. Selleek, David Turner, and many 
 others. 
 
 The " meeting-room" where the organization of 
 1829 took place, and where meetings were subse- 
 quently held for several years, was* at the landing 
 near what is now known as the Corners. The build- 
 ing was used both as a school-house and a church. 
 
 Under date of Dec. .5, 183.3, at a meeting duly noti- 
 fied, a society was formed called " The Methodist 
 Episcopal Church of Canterbury," and the trustees 
 chosen were William G. Beach, Gilbert C. Barton, 
 Simon Haskins, Amos Van Duzer, Isaac Seaman, 
 George Marriott, Benjamin Delamater, Henry W. 
 Bertholf, and Robert Duncanson. This meeting was 
 held at the school-house of district No. 4. Two organi- 
 zations were thus constituted, and for many years 
 two sets of trustees continued to be appointed, one 
 set to be in charge of the "meeting-room" at Corn- 
 wall Landing, the other of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church of Canterbury, the result finally being one 
 cliurch having one house of worship. The erection 
 of this took place from 1834 to 1836. The first com- 
 mittee on site was appointed Jan. 6, 1834, and con- 
 sisted of George Marriott and Isaac Seaman. The 
 site secured was the one now occupied by the church 
 in Canterbury, and comprised one and three-quarters 
 acres of land bought of Mrs. Catharine Ring, the 
 deed bearing date April 17, 1834. Jesse Hunter, a 
 member of the church, was the contractor, and it is 
 said that considerable difficulty arose over the execu- 
 tion of the contract that was only terminated by a 
 law-suit, which was decided in favor of Mr. Hunter 
 after he had removeil to Homer, Cortland Co. 
 
 The house of worship was completed and dedicated 
 near the close of the year 1836. The double organi- 
 zation continued some years longer. The last trus- 
 tees of " the meeting-room" seem to have been chosen 
 Feb. 23, 1839, and consisted of Robert Duncanson 
 
 and Isaac V. Machett. After that a public discussion 
 arose over the proprietorship of the building at the 
 landing, which was ended by the people maintaining 
 their right to it as a school-building. After sundry 
 changes of location and structure it became the public 
 school building of modern times at " the Corners." 
 From this time for several years, 1839 to 1852, the 
 records are defective, and it would hardly appear that 
 the annual elections of trustees took place. 
 
 That the legal incorporation had lapsed may be in- 
 ferred from the fact that a new certificate was filed 
 with the county clerk, executed .Tan. 27, 18.52. The 
 trustees named in the instrument were John Quack- 
 enbusli, Daniel Taft, Isaac V. Machett, Caleb L. 
 Wood, and Daniel Secor. From this time the organ- 
 ization was kept up by annual elections. In 1862 the 
 church edifice was thorouglily repaired, many im- 
 provements made, and refurnished throughout. The 
 grading of the grounds and the erection of the wall 
 in front took place at this time. 
 
 From the record of the county clerk's office it ap- 
 pears that a change of name took place soon after 
 this general renewal of the edifice, — a fact of which 
 Mr. Browning in his sketch does not seem to have 
 known, as he argues in 1877 that it ought to be done. 
 The new certificate was under the name of " The Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church of Cornwall," and was exe- 
 cuted June 1, 1863. The paper was verified by the 
 signatures of James Fanning and J. W. Lamb. 
 
 The trustees named therein were Jacob W. Lamb, 
 Ira Wood, Stephen Barton, Jesse Lozier, and Henry 
 C. Hall. Another general repairing of the church 
 edifice took place in 1874, at a cost of about 15000. 
 An extension of 24 feet was added to the building, 
 the old galleries taken down, and a neat spire con- 
 structed. The church was reopened October 3d of 
 the same year. The parsonage was built in 1863, and 
 has been improved several times since. It is a pleasant 
 and convenient residence. The present organization 
 (September, 1880) consists of the following: Rev. 
 Isaac B. Heroy, pastor ; Ira Wood, H. R. Taylor, 
 Hanford Barton, L. T. Schultz, Charles Tuthill, and 
 H. C. Hall, stewards ; Ira Wood and C. B. Hunter, 
 class-leaders; Ira Wood, H. R. Taylor, H. Barton, 
 A. C. Case, Harrison Howell, L. T. Schultz, John 
 Preston, and H. C. Hall, trustees ; Lewis T. Schultz, 
 superintendent of Sunday -school. There are 173 com- 
 municants, and 3.50 volumes in the Sunday-school 
 library. 
 
 THE CORNWALL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 
 
 effected a legal organization May 3, 1855. • The Rev. 
 Daniel Crane was chosen moderator, and Alfred C. 
 Reeves, secretary. The trustees chosen were John 
 McKibben, David Carson, Jr., .Tames O. Adams, Peter 
 Roe, Stephen C. Giilis, Henry N. Clark, Thomas M. 
 Wiley, Daniel Crane, and James G. Roe. The present 
 pastor of this church furnishes the following sketch : 
 This enterprise was commenced in 1855 by a few 
 
772 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 persons who deeply felt the importance and the feasi- 
 bility of establishing a church in this place. At first 
 they held their meetings in the school-room of Mr. 
 Alfred C. Roe. After a few months, however, they 
 resolved to erect a house of worship, and on March 
 5, 1856, the present building was dedicated to the ser- 
 vice of the Triune God. On the 16th of the same 
 month the church was organized by a committee from 
 the Presbytery of North River, and consisted of the 
 following persons : Peter Roe, Mrs. Susan E. Roe, 
 Thomas M. Wiley, Mrs. Sarah J. Wiley, Mrs. S. 
 Elizabeth Caldwell, Alfred C. Roe, Mrs. Caroline P. 
 Eoe, James G. Roe, Mrs. Caroline M. Roe, Mrs. Mary 
 A. Clark, Amanda Adams, Mrs. Mary J. Jackson, 
 Angelina Clark, Mrs. Rachel Buren, Mrs. Phebe 
 Griggs, John P. Roe, Mary Johnston. 
 
 The first elders chosen were Peter Roe, Thomas M. 
 Wiley, and James G. Roe. Soon after, James O. 
 Adams was elected an additional elder. 
 
 The first board of trustees were Rev. Daniel Crane, 
 Stephen C. Gillis, Peter Roe, Thomas M. Wiley, John 
 McKebben, David Carson, Jr., James O. Adams, 
 Henry N. Clark, James G. Roe. 
 
 Rev. O. H. P. Deyo acted as stated supply from 
 April, 1856, to April, 1857. 
 
 Rev. Louis P. Ledoux, D.D., began his ministry in 
 this church in April, 1858 ; was installed pastor April 
 19, 1859, and remained in office till Sept. 20, 1865, 
 when, at his own request, the relation was dissolved. 
 
 Rev. Joseph H. Robinson acted as stated supply 
 from Dec. 1, 1865, to Oct. 25, 1866, when he was in- 
 stalled pastor. He died in office March 4, 1868. 
 
 Rev. John W. Teal acted as stated supply from 
 June 1st to Sept. 17, 1868, when he was ordained and 
 installed pastor. The relation was dissolved at his 
 own request, April 30, 1878. 
 
 Rev. George P. Noble acted as stated sup])ly from 
 June 1st to October, 187S, when he was installed 
 pastor. 
 
 The session was enlarged in April, 1870, by the 
 election of Stephen B. Young, Harvey B. Adams, and 
 Albert Palmer; and again in April, 1880, by the elec- 
 tion of Wm. H. Vail, Leonard N. Wyant, and T. M. 
 Prentiss to the eldership. 
 
 The church building will seat about 600, and the 
 parsonage, situated upon Park Avenue, Cornwall-on- 
 the- Hudson, is roomy and convenient. 
 
 The church has received 329 new members upon 
 confession of their faith, and 117 by certificate from 
 other churches. On June 1, 1880, the enrolled mem- 
 bership was 310, of whom 279 were resident. 
 
 During the last five years the church has raised 
 $15,772 for home expenses and $2812 for outside be- 
 nevolence. 
 
 The present organization is as follows: Pastor, Rev. 
 George P. Noble; Session, James O. Adams, Thomas 
 M. Wiley, Jas. G. Roe, H. B. Adams, S. B. Young, A. 
 Palmer, W. H. Vail, L. N. Wyant, T. M. Prentiss ; 
 Trustees, J. O. Adams, James Couser, S. B. Young, 
 
 J. G. Roe, H. B. Adams, A. Palmer, H. Rodermond, 
 T. M. Prentiss, W. H. Vail, Henry Hunter, Theodore 
 Brown. Sabbath-school: Superintendent, J. G. Roe; 
 Secretary and Treasurer, Geo. M. Walker ; Librarians, 
 Geo. W. Roome, Jr., and Reeve Ketcham. Ladies' 
 Missionary Society: President, Mrs. E. T. Noble; 
 Vice-President, Mrs. E. W. Roe ; Recording Secre- 
 tary, Mrs. C. H. Vail ; Corresponding Secretary, Miss 
 Maria Couser; Treasurer, Miss Clara Taft. Alaska 
 Brady Club: President, N. B. Chase; Vice-Presidents, 
 Wm. H. Carswell, Wm. JI. Wyant; Corresponding 
 Secretary, Miss Lilly Roe ; Recording Secretary, Miss 
 Lilly Price ; Treasurer, Reeve Ketcham. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF MOUNTAIN- 
 VILLE. 
 
 The house of worship belonging to this church 
 stands uj)on an elevated ridge in the southwest part 
 of the town near Mountainville, and about four miles 
 from Canterbury. It belonged to the same charge 
 with that of Canterbury for many years, but under 
 the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Browning this connection 
 was dissolved, Cornwall becoming a station, and 
 Mountainville being united with the church at Vail's 
 Gate. The old meeting-house at this place may still 
 be seen at the right of the road. It was built by the 
 liberality of Mr. Henry Wisner, in 1844. The land 
 was donated by .Jacob Van Duzer. In 1866-67 a site 
 of about an acre was secured on a more comnaanding 
 elevation, and the present building erected at a cost 
 of about $5000. It was dedicated March 20, 1867. 
 The work of the Methodist Church in this vicinity 
 and in the northern part of Monroe has been prose- 
 cuted with considerable vigor for many years. In 
 early movements at Woodbury and Highland Mills 
 the same men seem to have shared largely, and in or- 
 ganizing boards of trustees the same names appear in 
 different certificates. Mountainville is the more 
 modern name of this village. The place was for- 
 merly called Ketchamtown, from the family of that 
 name. A portion of the village, or rather a separate 
 group of residences, farther southeast on the old turn- 
 pike, was called Highlandville. 
 
 The present church was incorporated under the 
 name of " The Methodist Episcopal Church of High- 
 landville," by a certificate drawn up at a meeting 
 held in the school-house, March 12, 1845. The pro- 
 ceedings were signed by John Barton and William 
 Taylor, and the trustees chosen were Henry Wisner, 
 Gilbert Barton, William Taylor, Daniel Secor, and 
 John Barton. The present pastor of the church is 
 Rev. N. S. Tuthill, residing at Vail's Gate. 
 
 ST. JOHN'S CHURCH OF CANTERBURY (EPISCOPAL) 
 
 was incorporated July 17, 1858. The certificate was 
 signed by Rev. Christopher B. Wyatt, F. A. Barton, 
 and W. H. Bayard. The wardens chosen were 
 Alonzo A. Alvord and William H. Bayard ; the ves- 
 trvmen were Thomas P. Cummings, Nathaniel P. 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 r73 
 
 Willis, Daniel C. Birdsall, James W. Crissey, Nicho- 
 las Cliatfiekl, Jr., Francis A. Barton, Charles H. 
 Mead, and John Chattield. (_)n the 31st of the same 
 month the llev. Mr. Wyatt, nnder whose laboi's the 
 movement for organization had been made, was chosen 
 rector of the parish, and at the same meeting a com- 
 mittee was chosen to secure a site for an edifice. In 
 November following the lot upon which the church 
 now stands was purchased, and means adopted to 
 raise the funds necessary to build. The plans sub- 
 mitted by Mr. J. W. Priest, the architect, were 
 adopted. The corner-stone was laid May 10, 1859, by 
 the Right Rev. Dr. Potter, and a contract was subse- 
 quently made with Messrs. Sliaw & Sons, of New- 
 burgh, for the erection of the building, with the ex- 
 ce])tion of the tower and the spire. Before the 
 edifice was begun the talented young architect who 
 designed the building had already ceased from his 
 labors on earth. 
 
 The west window of the church was contributed by 
 admiring friends as a memorial of him. The build- 
 ing was first used for divine service on Sunday, Nov. 
 20, 1859. It is a very chaste example of the early 
 English style, substantially built of brick with stone 
 trimmings, strictly correct both in proportion and de- 
 tails, and capable of being rendered truly beautiful 
 by a judicious and not costly employment of color 
 decoration. A melodeon was given by Mr. N. P. 
 Willis. The first service books, communion vessels, 
 etc., were also the gifts of different individuals.- In 
 the spring of 18G2 the Rev. Mr. Wyatt resigned the 
 liastorship, and was succeeded by the Rev. Edward H. 
 Crissey. The same year a legacy of $2000 wius re- 
 ceived from the executors of the late Abraham B. 
 Sands, the interest of which is forever to be appro- 
 priated to the rector of the parish. 
 
 In Easter, 1863, the labors of Rev. Dr. Crissey term- 
 inated, and he was followed in July by the Rev. 
 George Seabury. Hitherto the parish had been united 
 with that of New Windsor in support of the same 
 pastor. It was now determined to make the Canter- 
 bury Church independent and self-sustaining, thus 
 securing the entire services of the pastor. The Rev. 
 Mr. Seabury's connection with this church was dis- 
 solved May 1, 1804. In the November following Rev. 
 ,Tohn G. Webster took charge of the parish, but re- 
 mained only one year. He was succeeded Jan. 21, 
 1866, by the Rev. William G. French. 
 
 In July, 1869, some funds having accumulated, it 
 was resolved to proceed with the completion of the 
 edifice by erecting the tower and spire. Both were 
 completed the following summer. In June, 1871, the 
 Rev. Mr. French resigned his position, and the follow- 
 ing February Rev. David H. McCurdy was called to 
 the rectorship, and began his ministrations on Easter 
 day. His administration of the affairs of the parish 
 was eminently judicious and successful. During the 
 year 1872 a debt of .i^yOlS.l? was entirely liquidated. 
 Of this amount $2500 was generously given by the 
 
 senior warden, Thomas P. Cummings, of New York, 
 whose active interest early and late for the welfare of 
 the parish entitles him to the lasting gratitude of this 
 congregation. The church was largely intended for 
 the accommodation of summer visitors. Resident 
 Episcopalians have at times been few in number, and 
 only moderately bl&ssed with worldly wealth. The 
 labors of Mr. McCurdy continued until Sept. 30, 1873. 
 
 The next summer Rev. Mr. McCurdy again supplied 
 the pulpit for a few months. Rev. John Potter was 
 chosen rector in the fall of that year, and commenced 
 his work in the parish October 1st. He remained 
 three years, concluding his work here Oct. 1, 1877. 
 
 The next pastor was Rev. B. S. Huntington, who 
 commenced his services Nov. 12, 1877. He died sud- 
 denly of pneumonia, while on a visit to Bridgeport, 
 Conn., April 1, 1880. Rev. W. E. Snowden became 
 his successor, being chosen rector, and entering upon 
 his duties May 1, 1880. 
 
 The church has had strong friends and has received 
 liberal gifts. Mr. Thomas Cummings, of New York, 
 whose assistance in paying the debt was noticed above, 
 also presented the church at Christmas, 1877, with a 
 bell of excellent tone, weighing about 1300 pounds. 
 It was accompanied by a letter of such interest that 
 we give it in full : 
 
 "No. 241 Clermont AvENrr., Brooklyn. 
 " Rev. S. B. Huntington, Rector of St. .John's Cliurch, Canteibury, N. Y. 
 "iJev. and Dear .Sf'r, — You will please coniniiitiicate to the vestry of St. 
 John's Cliurch that it affords Mrs. Cummings and myself, as well as the 
 other members of our family, much gratification to be enabled to place 
 in the tower of St. John's a memorial to our dear departed children, 
 Julia Bayard Cummings. who wjis taken from ns Nov. 2, 1S7G, and 
 Thomas Picton Cummings, who joined his sister, we trust, in the realms 
 jdiuve on the 24th of October last. Trusting that the lines cast on the bell 
 (copied from an old one in the tower of a church in Cornwall, England), 
 " ' Jesus, fulfill with thy good grace. 
 All that we beckon to this place,' 
 may be truly verified, and that the little church so dear to us all, and 
 which was an object of particular interest to the rleparted from early 
 associations, may be a comfort and a blessing to many through the in- 
 strumentalities of the prayei-s said, the praises sung, and the blessed 
 gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ preached therein, 
 " I remain affectionately yours, 
 
 " Thomas P. Cummings." 
 
 The melodeon presented by Mr. N. P. Willis is still 
 in use for the Sunday-gchool, aud is cherished as a 
 memorial of the poet, and of his association with the 
 founders of this church. A cabinet organ has since 
 been purchased for the use of the choir. Another 
 valuable donation to the church remains to be men- 
 tioned. In August, 1877, Miss Elizabeth C. Purdy 
 deeded to the church as a free gift the residence and 
 grounds on Main Street, formerly the homestead of 
 her mother, Mrs. H. C. Purdy, as a rectory for the 
 use of the pastors of St. John's Church. Another 
 recent donation is that of kneeling-benches for all 
 the pews of the church. The vestry have also been 
 able to purchase a handsome addition to the grounds 
 of the church, 50 feet by 75, and 250 feet in depth. 
 
 The present parish organization (September, 1880) 
 consists of Rev. William E. Snowden, rector ; Thomas 
 
r74 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 P. Cummings, of New York, senior warden ; William 
 J. Sherwood, junior warden ; John Chatfield, Peter 
 P. Hazen, James Emslie, Jr., John B. Raymond, Dr. 
 Cornelius Walke, H. B. Breed, M. Webster, N. Chat- 
 field, Jr., vestrymen ; Peter P. Hazen, clerk and 
 treasurer. 
 
 THE CIIUKCH OF ST. THOMAS (CATHOLIC), CORN- 
 WALT,, 
 
 was incorporated Nov. 17, 1870. The trustees who 
 executed the certificate were Rev. John McCloskey, 
 archbishop; Rev. William Starr, vicar-general; Rev. 
 John A. Keogh, pastor, and two laymen, James 
 Sheridan and Patrick Piggott. This was the legal 
 organization of a society founded by the indefatigable 
 labors of Rev. Father Keogh. He was appointed to 
 the Cornwall mission by the archbishop of New Y'ork. 
 Very much of an invalid and with apparently only a 
 short lease of life before him, he nevertheless brought 
 to his work a diligence and faithfulness that won 
 friends not only among Catholics, but throughout the 
 community among all denominations. Under the 
 pure air and invigorating climate of Cornwall he 
 recovered his health. 
 
 For some years before this Catholic services had 
 been maintained in a small brick church opposite the 
 entrance to Mr. Ryckman's property, which was built 
 about ISGO, under the direction of Rev. Edward J. 
 O'Reilly, subsequently pastor of St. Mary's, New 
 York City. Father Keogh resolved on a better edi- 
 fice, and set to work immediately for that object. 
 The ground was secured, and the excavations made 
 by voluntary labor in the winter of 1870-71. 
 
 The corner-stone was laid in the spring by the 
 bishop of Rochester, Rt. Rev. Dr. McQuade, ;tssisted 
 by several prominent priests from New York and 
 elsewhere, and in the presence of a large concourse of 
 citizens. The work was pushed with great energy, so 
 that both the church and the pastoral residence were 
 inclosed before fall. In the spring of 1872 the old 
 church and property were disposed of, and in the 
 month of June the altar was moved to the basement 
 of the new church, which was fitted up as a chapel, 
 with the ample dimensions of 100 by 50. The church 
 and rectory, as thus completed, cost not far from 
 $30,000, of which about $13,000 remained as a debt.' 
 
 At the completion of the large and convenient 
 chapel work was suspended ; and the " hard times" 
 following immediately, it has not been resumed. Rev. 
 Father Keogh retired from this charge April 1, 1876. 
 He was immediately succeeded by the present pastor. 
 Rev. Stephen Mackin. The efforts of the latter have 
 been wisely directed to strengthening and consolida- 
 ting the society, without incurring additional debt; 
 resolved to hold fast to what has been achieved, and 
 await better financial times, when the large and beau- 
 tiful edifice, designed and partially built, may be 
 completed. Like many other pastors, Father Mackin 
 has found it his highest duty U> " hold the fort," 
 
 strengthen the things that remain, and care for the 
 spiritual wants of his parish. The interest has been 
 regularly met, and the current expenses provided for. 
 
 The assistant pastor is Rev. James F. Kiely. The lay 
 members of the board of trustees as provided by law 
 are Dennis Halloran and John Callahan. There are 
 about 110 families in the congregation, numbering 
 about 550 persons, and communicants about 500. 
 
 The church building is situated on a pleasant 
 site, central for the group of villages surrounding it, 
 and having a fine view within range of the tower 
 when it shall be completed. 
 
 VIII.-BUHIAL-PLACES. 
 
 These are quite numerous, and can only be l)riefly 
 catalogued. In the village of Canterbury may be 
 noted the remnants of an early ground in the rear of 
 Mr. HoUett's lot, on the opposite side of the road from 
 the Presbyterian church. It originally extended into 
 that street. It is now inclosed in private grounds, 
 and neither names nor dates can be conveniently 
 read, if any such remain. 
 
 In the rear of the Presbyterian church is a large 
 level plat, a portion of which appears to date back 
 fifty or sixty years, having also a few graves marked 
 only by common field-stone indicating a still older 
 period. Other parts of the ground are devoted 
 to modern burial, with some attempts at lots regu- 
 larly laid out. The whole needs additional care. 
 
 Burials are said to have taken place in a field on 
 the north side of the creek in the village of Canter- 
 bury, now wholly plowed over and lost. 
 
 Near the Friends' meeting-house west of Canter- 
 bury is a cemetery of considerable extent. Doubtless 
 many of the early settlers are buried there, as very 
 many graves are marked with field-stone of an early 
 day. There are also the short head-stones of a later 
 period, upon which names and dates are sunk in some 
 cases out of sight. Other portions of the ground are 
 receiving considerable care according to modern ideas. 
 
 Near the Orthodox Friends' meeting-house in the 
 village of Canterbury is the private burial-place of 
 the Ring and Sands families. This is a rural, secluded 
 spot, inclosed with a substantial iron fence. 
 
 The Catholic Church have a new cemetery laid 
 out, and already some monuments are erected, and 
 the whole, under careful attention, will doubtless be- 
 come a handsome resting-place of the dead. 
 
 Near the station west of Orr's Mills is a burial- 
 place, finely situated on rising ground, formerly the 
 site of the Baptist church. It is evidently receiving 
 considerable care at the present time. 
 
 Burials from the northern portion of Cornwall are 
 now to a considerable extent either in the old or 
 the new cemeteries in New Windsor. 
 
 The old Bethlehem burial-place is one of marked 
 interest, connected as it is to one of the oldest churches 
 in the county, and the graveyard the place of very 
 early burial. 
 
COKNWALL. 
 
 I to 
 
 IX.— SOCIETIES, LIBKAEIES, INCORPORA- 
 TIONS, Etc. 
 
 MASONIC. 
 
 In the year 1815 several Masous then residing in 
 Cornwall met in Canterbury and made preliminary 
 arrangements to establish a lodge. Upon their peti- 
 tion the Grand Lodge, under date of Sept. 9, 1815, 
 issued a warrant authorizing the formation of Jeru- 
 salem Temple Lodge, No. 247, and appointing Wyatt 
 Carr, blaster, Abraham Mead, Senior Warden, and 
 Sutherland Moore, Junior Warden. James B. Rey- 
 nolds, of Hiram Lodge, Newburgh, was appointed to 
 institute the new lodge. It is stated in the old record 
 that the "said James B. Reynolds met the said lodge 
 in the house of Ebenezer Crissey on the 5th day of 
 October, 1815, and then and there installed the lodge 
 agreeable to the customs thereof. The lodge then 
 adjourned to the house of Brother Hugh Gregg and 
 partook of a dinner prepared by him." 
 
 At the regular election, December 23d of that year, 
 the following officers were chosen: Wyatt Carr, W. 
 M.; Abraham Mead, S. W. ; Sutherland Moore, J. 
 W. ; Nathaniel Clark, Treas. ; Samuel H. Purdy, Sec. ; 
 William Williams, S. D. ; Stephen Coleman, J. D.; 
 Obadiah Smith, Jr., Sr. M. C; Isaac B. Titus, Jr., 
 M. C. ; Lewis Batterson and John Arnold, Stewards ; 
 Hugh Gregg, Tyler. 
 
 Wyatt Carr continued Master until Dec. 23, 1820, 
 when Wm. A. Clark was elected to succeed him. Mr. 
 Clark was followed by Jonathan Morrill. In Decem- 
 ber, 1824, Oliver Farrington was elected Master, and 
 occupied the chair until the suspension of the lodge 
 in 182(5. During this period of eleven years 92 can- 
 didates were initiated, of whom the first was Samuel 
 H. Purdy. The lodge met in the attic of the present 
 Moore's Hotel, of Canterbury. When the lodge sur- 
 rendered its charter, the parai^hernalia were taken in 
 charge by Mr. Lane, then proprietor of that hotel, 
 and after his death they were preserved by Mr. Dyer 
 Brewster. They were given to the reorganized lodge 
 of 1871, and are now in the lodge-room, cherished as 
 objects of antiquity, rare memorials of early Masonry. 
 The Bible was printed in 1799, and is a massive vol- 
 ume 15 by 18 inches. There is a dark lantern formed 
 of tin and wood, with several mystical openings. 
 There is also a Masonic mirror, and a symbolic chart 
 jjrinted in 1819. 
 
 The reorganization after forty-five years was an oc- 
 casion of much interest. The installation took place 
 July 27, 1872, and all the ceremonies were in ample 
 form. Music was furnished by the West Point 
 Band, and an oration was delivered by Rev. Charles 
 Shelling, of Newburgh. 
 
 TEMPERANCE. 
 
 The first temperance organization was eftected in 
 1841 or '42. It was continued for only a few years, 
 but did much to develop and strengthen public senti- 
 
 ment in favor of sobriety. Among the active members 
 of that period may be properly mentioned Fowler 
 Griggs and George G. Clark. Various other temper- 
 ance organizations bad a brief existence from time to 
 time, and carried forward the general work. 
 
 In 1SG6, Cornwall Division, No. 204, S. of T., was 
 established. Among its founders were Samuel E. 
 Shutes, afterwards mayor of Newburgh ; James G. 
 Roe, Rev. M. Me.sseter, D. A. Stephens, Thomas Taft, 
 Jonas G. Davis, Joseph Ferguson, Henry R. Hunter, 
 Harvey R. Taylor, and Charles H. Ray. Active in 
 its formation were also several ladies, Mrs. Shutes, 
 the Misses Cousers, Jackson, Ray, and Wiley. 
 David A. Stephens was the first presiding officer, and 
 he was followed by Samuel E. Shutes. Thomas 
 Taft succeeded the latter. About 250 members were 
 enrolled during the five years of its existence. This 
 society was succeeded in 1870 by a lodge of Good 
 Templars under the name of Idlewild Lodge, No. 860, 
 I. O. of G. T. The present officers of the lodge (Sep- 
 tember, 1880) are Ezra P. Thompson, VV. C. T.; Mrs. 
 E. Cahey, W. V. T ; George Stevenson, Sec. ; S. W. 
 Cahey, Fin. Sec; George W. Cahey, Treas.; Wil- 
 liam Graham, Marshal ; B. F. Oliver, P. W. C. T. ; 
 George H. Dobbs, Lodge Deputy ; Miss Libbie 
 Oliver, Guard. The lodge meets every Tuesday 
 night in the Salmon Building, on the dock. 
 
 In connection with this temperance work a fine 
 building was erected in 1872, known as Temperance 
 Hall. It was established by the Idlewild Temperance 
 Association, at a total cost of about $6000. It is a 
 frame building 30 by 55, and surmounted by a 
 cupola. The hall proper is a handsome room 20 by 
 40, and 14 feet in height, the walls wainscoted, and 
 the room properly furnished. Various temperance 
 societies meet in this building, also the Odd-Fellows' 
 lodge and religious meetings. Part of the building 
 is occupied as a dwelling, and the ground-floor is di- 
 vided into three stores, the rent from which makes 
 the institution self-supporting. The building asso- 
 ciation was duly incorporated, and stock issued to 
 the amount of about $10,000. The first officers were 
 William H. Clark, president ; George Stevenson, 
 vice-president; Leonard P. Clark, treasurer; Frank 
 Couch, secretary. 
 
 ODD-FELLOWSHIP. 
 
 A lodge of this order was formed in Canterbury in 
 the earlier years of its introduction to this country, 
 and had a prosperous existence. It was, however, 
 dissolved after a time, and its records are said to be 
 lost. It was known as Beacon Hill Lodge. The 
 modern Odd-Fellows' society was formed Dec. 2, 1872, 
 by Grand District Deputy Van Dalfsen, of Newburgh. 
 The name adopted was Cornwall Lodge, No. 340, 
 I. O. of O. F. The present officers are J. Terwilliger, 
 N. G. ; George Walker, V. G. ; B. F. Oliver, Sec. ; 
 R. Cleland, Treas. The lodge meets every Monday 
 evening at Weeks' Hall. 
 
776 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 This is now fifty years old, and is an institution 
 seldom found in an unincorporated village. It was 
 established by an act of the Legislature passed April 
 20, 1830. By the terms of the statute, "Nathan 
 Westcott, Elias Hand, W. T. Cock, George Marriott, 
 John M. Gough, and such others as shall associate 
 with them, and shall pay two dollars and fifty cents 
 for procuring not more than two engines and other 
 implements necessary for extinguishing fires," were 
 created a body corporate under the name of the " Can- 
 terbury Fire Company." The meeting to organize 
 under the act was held at the house of B. Colter, May 
 10, 1830, Oliver Cromwell being called to the chair, 
 and John M. Gough chosen secretary. 
 
 Among the early members recorded may be found 
 the names of Elias Hand, John E. Chadeayne, W. T. 
 Cock, Justus Sackett, Noah Townsend, Lewis Bar- 
 rett, Henry Titus, Thomas F. Fish, Samuel G. Purdy, 
 Daniel Chadeayne, Samuel Townsend, Benjamin At- 
 kinson, Charles R. Sutherland, and Fowler Griggs. 
 Soon after the formation of the company a small 
 hand-engine was bought, at an expense of about S125. 
 It was arranged with handles, so that it could be car- 
 ried by four men. This rude memorial of an almost- 
 forgotten age is still preserved at the engine-house. 
 Hooks and ladders were of home-made construction, 
 consisting of saplings cut in the mountains, and 
 ironed by Hewitt & Torrey at their trip-hammer shop, 
 near the site in later times of Nicholas Cock's fac- 
 tory. There was nothing extravagant in the early 
 expenditures. The funds were often necessarily con- 
 tributed by the members, and it was a matter of con- 
 siderable self-sacrifice to sustain the enterprise. The 
 first engine-house was a small frame building, and 
 stood upon a lot owned in recent years by V. C. Kihl- 
 mire. This building was sold to John Malloy when 
 the company secured their present quarters. He re- 
 moved it to Roeville and fitted it up as a dwelling. 
 The company's services in extinguishing fires were 
 first employed at the burning of Samuel Townsend's 
 barn. 
 
 In 1836 or 1837 a secoud-liand suction-engine was 
 bought at a cost of about $500. These engines re- 
 mained the only equipment of the company until 
 1869, when an improved engine was bought, known 
 as Highland Engine, No. 1. The new engine-house 
 was obtained about this time, the company buying, 
 for S2000, the lot and building previously occupied by 
 Hunlos & McLean as a meat-market. Considerable 
 expense was incurred in altering and fitting up the 
 building. The use of the lower floor for election pur- 
 poses and the room overhead for public meetings 
 yields a small revenue, which, aided by other means, 
 keeps the finances of the company in a fair condition. 
 
 The rapid growth of that part of these associated 
 villages which takes the name of Willisville, led to 
 the founding of a second fire company in 1868. The 
 first officers were William J. Quigley, foreman ; John 
 
 K. Oliver, assistant, and John McLean, Jr., secretary. 
 The company did not secui-e incorporation until March 
 30, 1870. The persons named in the act were E. A. 
 Matthieson, Stephen C. Gillis, Hamilton H. Salmon, 
 David Clark, James K. Hitchcock, and Elbert H. 
 Champlin, and they were constituted a body corporate 
 under the name of Storm-King Fire-Engine Comjiany, 
 No. 2. 
 
 The engine-house was built soon after. The first 
 fire at which the services of the new company were 
 employed was that of the Sagamore House, then oc- 
 cupied by Charles Brown. The company have a very 
 beautiful hose carriage, built by James Reid, of Can- 
 terbury. 
 
 CORNWALL CIRCULATING LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 This was organized at Cornwall Landing, Nov. 2, 
 1869. Lyman Abbott was appointed chairman of 
 the meeting, and William H. Clark, secretary. The 
 trustees named were William P. Coolidge, E. A. 
 Matthieson, James G. Roe, William H. Clark, 
 Thomas Taft, N. Chatfield, Jr., E. H. Champlin, 
 Albert Palmer, Thomas George. The library was 
 required to be located within the bounds of School 
 District No. 4. The fee of membershiij or price of a 
 share of stock was fixed at five dollars. 
 
 Persons not owning five shares, or not owning any, 
 might enjoy the privilege of the libl-ary by paying 
 one dollar annually. 
 
 The building was erected in 1870. It is a substan- 
 tial structure, 80 by 45, and faced on all sides with 
 the best qualitj- of pressed brick. It is three stories 
 in height above the basement. The first floor is di- 
 vided into stores, the rent from which is a material 
 item of the revenue that sustains the enterprise. The 
 second floor is occupied with the library, the reading- 
 room, billiard parlor, and various offices. The third 
 or upper floor is arranged as a public hall. It is 78 
 by 43, with a gallery at one end and a stage at the 
 other. It has a height of 21 feet, is well ventilated, 
 and its acou.stic i)roperties are said to be superior. 
 
 The whole building, with the library and its ap- 
 pointments, constitutes an enterprise seldom found in 
 a rural village of this size. It is a distinguishing 
 mark of the liberality as well as the culture and re- 
 finement of the people of this community. The 
 building, with the heater, settees, and fixtures, cost 
 about §30,000. There are now about 3.500 volumes 
 in the library. The librarian is Miss Sarah Chat- 
 field. 
 
 THE CORNWALL PLEASURE-GROUND AND DRIV- 
 ING-PARK ASSOCIATION 
 
 was formed April 6, 1868. Its objects were declared 
 to be " first, advancing the cause of agriculture by 
 giving, at stated intervals, competitive exhibitions of 
 agricultural products and implements; second, devel- 
 oping the utility and increasing the value of all domes- 
 tic animals in general, by encouraging the true princi- 
 ples of breeding ; and, in particular, promoting the 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 777 
 
 power, endurauce, and speed of that noblest creature 
 of them all, the horse ; third, the purchasing, leasing, 
 and holding of the requisite amount of real and per- 
 sonal property necessary to consummate the general 
 objects of the association." The capital stock was 
 fi.xed at S10,000, to be divided into .500 shares. The 
 directors named were Lewis Beach, Benjamin S. 
 Moore, William Townsend, H. R. Hunter, William 
 Gourley, and Thomas Heaton. The proceedings were 
 verified before Dyer Brewer, justice of the peace, and 
 recorded April 22d. 
 
 THE HUDSON RIVER METALLIC PAINT COMPANY 
 OF CORNWALL 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation which was 
 verified Feb. 11, 1865. The capital stock was stated at 
 $250,000, divided into 5000 shares. The trustees named 
 were Hov.-ard Potter, Wm. Sturges, Wm. G. Lambert, 
 John J. Monell, Frederick H. Wolcott, Charles M. 
 
 ^v^olcott. 
 
 THE WEST POINT AND CORNWALL TURNPIKE 
 COMPANY 
 
 was authorized to organize and construct a road by a 
 resolution of the board of supervisors, passed March 
 9, 1868. 
 
 THE CORNWALL OXIDE PAINT MANUFACTURING 
 COMPANY 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Nov. 9, 1864. 
 The object was stated as " mining or obtaining iron 
 ore.s and minerals, and jireparing them for use a^d con- 
 sumption as a paint." The capital was fixed at 4000 
 shares of $25 each, not in cash but to be represented 
 by the mines, mining contracts, lands, leases, etc., be- 
 longing to the company. The trustees named were 
 Enoch Carter, John J. Monell, Peter Ward, and John 
 L. Davis. 
 
 THE CORNWALL MANUFACTURING COMPANY 
 was incorporated by a certificate executed May 13, 
 1868. The object was declared to be " the manufac- 
 ture and sale of family and other soaps." The capital 
 stock named was $25,000, divided into 250 shares. 
 The trustees chosen were John S. Davis, Robert E. 
 Ring, and Townsend E. Drew. The certificate was 
 verified the same day before Wm.. H. Clark, and 
 recorded May 22d. 
 
 CORNWALL SAVINGS-BANK. 
 The preliminary meeting to organize this institution 
 was held May 25, 1871, and the bank opened June 1st. 
 The first officers were Wm. T. Cock, president ; S. B. 
 Young, first vice-president; Wm. J. Sherwood, second 
 vice-president; Dr. W. H. Vail, treasurer. Other 
 members of the board : James G. Roe, B. L. Solomon, 
 Thomas George, Josiah G. Clark, H. H. Salmon, 
 E. A. Mattheison, S. C. Gillis, .James Brodhead, J. R. 
 Wood, James K. Hitchcock. The president and vice- 
 presidents remain the same. June 2, 1873, L. N. Wey- 
 aut became treasurer, and still retains the position. 
 60 
 
 Total resources July 1, 1880, S24,209.58 ; due deposit- 
 ors, $23,851.19 ; surplus, .$351.39; open accounts, 232; 
 accounts open during six months, 25 ; closed, 22 ; 
 amount deposited during six months, $11,480.20; with- 
 drawn, $8,878.99; expenses of bank six months, 
 $91.65. 
 
 X.-PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEREST OK OP 
 SPECIAL NOTE. 
 
 CRO'-NEST 
 is just on the boundary line between the towns of 
 Cornwall and Highlands, and rises 1418 feet above 
 the river. It is celebrated in song and romance. In- 
 numerable writers have immortalized its crags. The 
 genius of poetry has peopled its surrounding defiles 
 with fairies and gnomes, and the most enchanting pro- 
 ductions of American literature have found here at 
 once their "local habitation" and their enthusiasm. 
 
 BUTTER HILL 
 is the name applied for many years to the mountain 
 which, like a sentinel, stands guard at the northern 
 entrance to the Highlands. Many ingenious expla- 
 nations of the appropriateness of the name have been 
 given, but they are all rendered unnecessary by the 
 discovery that the real name on early maps was 
 Buttel Hill. Buttel is the German for bailiff, and is 
 appropriate to this height, which guards the pass of 
 the Hudson. The poet, N. P. Willis, gave to it its 
 new name of Storm-King, by which it will undoubt- 
 edly be known through future years. Here is Mr. 
 Willis' statement of his reasons for rechristening : 
 
 " The tallest mountaiu, with its feet in the Hudson, at the Highland 
 Gap is ofliciall.v the storm-king, being looked to by the whole country 
 around as the most sure foreteller of a storm. Wien the white cloud- 
 beard descends upon his breast in the morning (as if with a nod forward 
 of his majestic head) there is sure to be a rain-storm before night. 
 Standing aloft among the other mountains of the chain, this sign is pecu- 
 liar to him. He seems the monarch, and this seems his stately ordering 
 of a change in the weather. Should not storm-king then be his proper 
 title?" 
 
 To climb this mountain is one of the rare attrac- 
 tions to summer visitors at Cornwall. There are va- 
 rious routes, some having the romance of difficulty 
 and danger, others of more gentle ascent, calling for 
 less expenditure of breath and muscle. Having 
 reached the crowning height, let the following pas- 
 sage from Mr. Lewis Beach's volume tell the story of 
 beauty and sublimity : 
 
 "The summit once gained, whilst taking the much-needed rest, the 
 eye soon shares the fatigue of the body in its elTorts to grasp the many 
 objects that challenge its attention. There are numerous other views 
 about Cornwall equally fine, but none of such scope to the north as the 
 one that is here to be had. 
 
 " An entirely new feature is superadded. For the first time you have 
 an outlook to the east and southeast. Everything about you, in every 
 direction within the compass of the eye, is brought out in bold relief. 
 The natural beauty of the country within a radius of sixty miles from 
 the spot you stand upon can nowhere be surpassed. Foreground and 
 background of the picture are equally attractive. Sparkling valleys at 
 your feet, towering mountains in the distance, cities and villages 
 sprinkled about, the river threading its tortuous way, hillsides dis- 
 charging their silver streams, huge chasms and nuissive rocks, some near 
 
778 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Aud others rpmote, all and each contribute to round out and complete 
 a picture of iinequaled grandeur. Tou view the spectacle from your 
 mountain-tier seat with no intervening peaks with their hats on to ob- 
 struct the view, "tou may hear tlie music of the band at West Point 
 wafted on the southern wind, and might look down on the parade- 
 ground and witness the evolutions of the cadets were it not for the inter- 
 vening heights of Cro'-Nest." 
 
 Mr. Beach, (.'aating a glance backward at the times 
 " that tried men's souls," adds the following beautiful 
 piissage : 
 
 " The student of Revolutionary history will find food for his contem- 
 plation here. Tliere is a sermon on patient and heroic suffering in the 
 bare rocks, for here were lighted those massive beacon-fires which ever 
 and anon summoned the hardy militia to the defense of the Highland 
 forts. Being the highest, the beacon here was the signal to others simi- 
 larly located on hills for miles around. Half-clad signal-men watched 
 here through storm and night and cold, so cold that more than one 
 perished and passed to that future 'which has no king but God.' We 
 need to get close to these men to properly appreciate their work." 
 
 SLOOP HILL. 
 
 Sloop Hill is on the south side of Murderer's Creek, 
 and near its entrance into the Hudson. It is a place 
 often mentioned in early accounts of this section, and 
 the origin of its name is involved in some obscurity. 
 It is doubtless simply a term early bestowed upon 
 the elevation by pioneer navigators, either because of 
 the favorable landing-place at its foot for sloops, 
 or some other similar reason. The line between 
 Cornwall and New Windsor passes over Sloop 
 Hill. This is the old historic line between Orange 
 County and Ulster as they were at first organized. 
 Murderer's Creek (now known under the name of 
 Moodna) is often mentioned in stating early civil 
 divisions and early land-patents, and from their lan- 
 guage the creek itself might be supposed to have been 
 the line intended. The boundary between the two 
 counties was, however, a straight line drawn through 
 the mouth of Murderer's Creek and striking the Dela- 
 ware above Port Jervis, in the vicinity of Sparrowbush. 
 Even this is perhaps not exactly correct. The initial 
 point was the head of navigation* on Murderer's Creek, 
 and not the mouth of the creek. To understand that, it 
 must be remembered that small craft could sail up 
 the Moodna in early times for a short distance, — a 
 feat that seems impossible to those who only know it 
 now with its channel filled and its shallow depth of 
 water. In connection with Sloop Hill it may be 
 proper to remark that this locality is very near a 
 large number of interesting Revolutionary localities 
 in New Windsor, and to the chapter upon that town 
 the reader is referred for further description. Sloop 
 Hill itself was, however, used as a summit for beacon- 
 fires, and thus Cornwall may claim something of 
 the Revolutionary interest of this section as belonging 
 within her lines. 
 
 There is another tradition, but with little evidence 
 to sustain it, that a Spanish sloop at some unnamed 
 date came to this place to trade with the Indians, but 
 running aground the Indians murdered the crew as 
 the quickest way of coming to an easy trade. How 
 
 * Beach's " Cornwall," p. 11. 
 
 soon after Columbus discovered America Spanish 
 j sloops were in the habit of coming up the Hudson to 
 trade is not stated in the tradition. This is doubt- 
 less like the wonderful tragedy of Naoman, over 
 which generations of school-children have almost 
 I cried as they read it, purely a fiction. 
 
 I CONTINENTAL SPRING 
 
 is a short distance from the West Point road, as it is 
 called, and about half-way up the mountain. It de- 
 
 I rives its name from the local tradition that a portion 
 of the American army was encamped in this neigh- 
 borhood during the Revolutionary war, and that 
 instead of drinking from "the same old canteen,'' 
 as in the song, they drank from the crystal waters 
 of this spring. The water bubbles from the solid 
 rock, and is delightfully " cool, delicious, and spark- 
 ling." The spring has never been known to fail. 
 
 BLACK ROCK 
 is one of the mountain summits from which extensive 
 and delightful views are obtained. The rock is said 
 to rise about 80 feet above the mountains, and is very 
 much of a tower, — a natural observatory, ascended by 
 one of nature's own staircases, a series of steps in the 
 rock. The view from this height is of surpassing 
 beauty and grandeur. No tourist in the Highlands 
 should fail to visit Black Rock. 
 
 GRANT'S HAUNT 
 is a grotto among the mountains. The rocks in and 
 around" this are piled in every conceivable shape and 
 size. There is a wild ruggedness about the whole that 
 may well be associated in the mind of one having a 
 vivid fancy with the hundred-handed giants of an- 
 cient mythology. The pinnacle above has been 
 named Spy Rock from the extensive view it com- 
 mands. A curious rock near the grotto is named 
 the " Giant's Slipper." 
 
 PICNIC ROCK 
 is a good place to stop for refreshments, provided a 
 climbing-party have any. Here is a broad table, 
 a rocky summit, over which nature has spread a cloth 
 woven of moss and lichen, and made a convenient 
 arrangement for seats by placing blocks of stone of 
 varying size, .adapted to children and adults. 
 
 ERLIN'S BLUFF. 
 Our limits will not permit us to enlarge upon the 
 fairy stories that have become classic in American 
 literature, and which cluster around this bluff, with 
 its adjacent defiles. Those w'ho have time to lose 
 themselves in the most delightful works of Washing- 
 ton Irving, and in Drake's " Culprit Fay," should 
 read them in these mountain fastnesses, in the very 
 haunts which the poets have so peopled with their 
 fanciful creations that even a prosaic compiler of 
 town histories, with their saw-mills, road surveys, and 
 similar stern " practicalities," might not be .astonished 
 if a fairv should beckon to him in these wild retreats 
 
 li 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 779 
 
 (especially in the time of summer tourists), or a giant 
 chiisehim down the mountain-side, hurling seven-ton 
 rocks after him. 
 
 XATUKAL BRTDGE 
 
 is not far from Erlin's Bluff. It is a curious rock for- 
 mation, under which a tiny cascade somehow finds its 
 way, though no daylight is visible under the " bridge." 
 It is near the place where the little stream empties 
 into a mountain lake, and there is a close combina- 
 tion of several elements of great beauty. The massive 
 rocks, the mountain lake with its clear depths, and 
 the leaping cascade hiding under the rocks, and then 
 reappearing to ripple down to the lake below. 
 
 THE OLD RING HOMESTEAD 
 
 is situated where the road to Newburgh from Canter- 
 bury diverges to the left, leaving to the right the 
 road to Cornwall-on-the-Hudson. There are many 
 historic memories clustering around this now vener- 
 able mansion. Here lived David Sands, the early 
 preacher of the Friends ; in this house the meetings 
 were held before the meeting-house west of the vil- 
 lage was erected ; still earlier, during the Revolution, 
 it was occupied as a store by the grandfather of Rob- 
 ert E. Ring, and at times served the purpose of a 
 guard-house, a detachment of troops from the New 
 Windsor encampment being stationed there. War 
 and peace thus met upon its grounds ; preacher and 
 soldier both paased its portals in those stormy times. 
 To this house came the bride, Catharine Sands, and 
 from the sacred quiet of its low rooms the dead were 
 carried forth to rest beneath the smile of God and 
 enter into eternal peace. 
 
 IDLEWILD 
 would naturally be mentioned under this head, but 
 it is already described among village names; and as 
 an estate it is absolutely private property, not open to 
 general rambles, except by permission from its pro- 
 prietor. In Mr. Beach's recent work it is very fully 
 written, some thirteen pages being devoted to Idlewild 
 alone. For those, too, who would hear numerous 
 charming anecdotes of the poet, there are many living 
 in Cornwall who knew him well, for he died only thir- 
 teen years ago. Mr. J. D. Sutherland was with Mr. 
 Willis almost daily during the laying out of Idlewild 
 and the erection of the residence. It was a chance re- 
 mark of Mr. Sutherland which led to the name Idle- 
 wild ; and the poet relied upon his practical judgment 
 in the arrangement and grading of the grounds, in 
 laying out the drives and the improvements of the 
 glen. It was a favorite morning salutation of Mr. 
 Willis: " Well, Major Sutherland, I want to use your 
 brains to-dav." 
 
 XI.-INDUSTKIAL PUESUITS. 
 
 The town of Cornwall has quite a large area of 
 arable lands. It is not exactly a mountain town, al- 
 though it includes a portion of the Highlands. 
 
 Around Canterbury and westward there are many 
 fine farms. In the central and northwestern portions 
 there are productive districts, in which a mixed and 
 varied husbandry yields valuable returns. In the 
 immediate vicinity of Canterbury an excellent quality 
 of grapes is grown, forming by itself an important 
 industry. Mr. Oliver Brewster, residing on Willow 
 Avenue, has a very fine tract of some fifteen acres. 
 It slopes northward from his residence, the latter 
 standing on an elevation that commands a splendid 
 river and mountain view. Mr. Brewster has been in 
 the fruit-growing business for twenty-five years. He 
 raises strawberries, raspberries, and other small fruits, 
 but makes the culture of grapes a specialty. He sent 
 to market in 1879 27 tons of grapes, and will send 
 more than that for the present season (September, 
 1880). He raises the Concord largely, though the 
 Isabella and other varieties are found in his fields. 
 At the ripening season one can appreciate the enthu- 
 siasm of writers who speak of the "sunlit hills of 
 Italy purple with ripening grapes," and scented with 
 the delicate odor wafted upon the gentle breezes. 
 
 Daniel Clark is another extensive fruit-grower, 
 giving must of his attention to grapes. His grounds 
 are in the Idlewild Valley, extending up the southern 
 slopes of the hills. His shipments are very large, 
 amounting occasionally to 30 tons a year. He origin- 
 ally bought one Concord grape, from which he set 20 
 acres. The old parent vine bore vigorously last year, 
 but died suddenly from an over-dose of brine. 
 
 William Sherwood also has a large grapery south 
 of Canterbury village, and raises a large amount of 
 grapes of superior quality. There are others who 
 raise grapes in smaller quantities, but in the aggregate 
 do a business of considerable extent. 
 
 Among the industrial enterprises none have perhaps 
 achieved greater prominence than the culture of straw- 
 berries and other small fruits by Rev. E. P. Roe. (See 
 Biographical Sketch.) 
 
 The " Red Mill," on Idlewild Brook, is a grist-mill 
 of very early date. It was probably built by Reuben 
 Clark, or at least passed to him early in this century, 
 and about thirt^'-six years ago to his son, David Clark, 
 the present owner. 
 
 MEAD & TAFT. 
 This firm is doing an extensive business at Corn- 
 wall Landing. They have a lumber-yard and a 
 planing-mill. In connection with this they have 
 a hardware-store, in which they deal largely in the 
 general goods of the trade, and in all kinds of ma- 
 sons' materials, painting, and building materials 
 generally. The partners are Charles H. Mead and 
 Thomas Taft. The business was first established 
 in 1853 by Mr. Mead at Canterbury, at the junction 
 of the Newburgh road with Hudson Street. In 
 1861 the partnership was formed, and in 1868 they 
 removed to Cornwall Landing. Their buildings were 
 burned March 29, 1879. They were immediately re- 
 built, and are now verv large and convenient. A 
 
780 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 feature of their business is the manufacture of porta- 
 ble cottages adapted to the fashionable watering- 
 places, and to the camp-grounds of religious and 
 temperance associations. They are also contractors 
 for the erection of large churches and other public 
 buildings. Among their works may be mentioned 
 the " Church of our Lady Star of the Sea" at Long 
 Branch, and the Palmer House at Nyack. 
 
 OllR'S MILLS. 
 A mong the active business men of Cornwall, Messrs. 
 William and John Orr contribute in many ways to the 
 development of every public interest. John Orr has 
 flouring-mills at Mountainville, and is also postmas- 
 ter at that office. William Orr & Co. operate the 
 well-known Cornwall Mills on Murderer's Creek. 
 They are both custom- and flouring-mills. An ex- 
 tensive business is done, their delivery-wagons being 
 frequently seen through all the villages in Cornwall, 
 and in other towns near. Their buildings are pic- 
 turesquely situated near the road leading from Corn- 
 wall Station to Canterbury. On a fine site near stands 
 the Orr House, a popular resort of summer boarders. 
 
 SUMMER BOARDING. 
 
 Perhaps this may be termed an " industrial pur- 
 suit." At least the business is industriously pursued 
 by a large number in Cornwall. Besides the Glen 
 Ridge House and the Orr House, already mentioned, 
 there may be named the Smith House, Cornwall- 
 on-the-Hudson, C. H. Smith, proprietor ; the Elmer 
 House, Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, Wm. B. Elmer, pro- 
 prietor; the Linden Park House, Cornwall-on-the- 
 Hudson, R. B. Ring, proprietor; the Lawrence House, 
 Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, J. J. Lawrence, proprietor ; 
 the Palmer House (formerly Carswell), Cornwall-on- 
 the-Hudson; the Mountain House, J. W. Meagher, 
 manager; Mrs. Dunham, summer boarding; and 
 T. M. Wilfy, summer boarding. There are also many 
 others who receive boarders during the season, but do 
 not announce their places formally as summer board- 
 ing-houses. 
 
 XII. -MILITARY. 
 
 The present town of Cornwall lies in the immedi- 
 ate vicinity of some of the most noted localities of the 
 Revolutionary struggle, but can directly claim few or 
 none of them as a part of her own soil. New Windsor 
 and Newburgh, to the north, are rich in historic as- 
 sociations, while the town of Highlands, on the south, 
 embraces military reminiscences of surpassing inter- 
 est. The forts of the Highlands were south of what 
 is now Cornwall, while the encampment of Clinton's 
 command was northwest, in New Windsor, and Gen. 
 Washington's headquarters north, in the present city 
 of Newburgh. The names of those citizens who par- 
 ticipated in the Revolutionary war from the present 
 territory of Cornwall must be sought in the militia- 
 rolls given elsewhere, and can only be determined by 
 
 comparison with the names of early residents, given 
 under various heads in this volume. 
 
 The following are remembered by citizens as having 
 served in the war of 1812 : Obadiah Sands, William 
 Sayre, John Denniston, Peter Fisher, Philo Fancher. 
 The latter is still living. 
 
 OFFICIAL ACTION, WAR OF 1861-65. 
 
 At a special town-meeting held at the house of B. 
 L. Moore, Jan. 28, 1864, Robert E. Ring was called 
 to the chair, and the minutes were recorded by the 
 town clerk, Abijah Dan. It was proposed to vote on 
 the question of the amount of bounty to be paid, each 
 voter writing his name and the amount he voted for 
 upon his ballot. This proposition was not accepted, 
 but a motion for a town bounty of $50 to each volun- 
 teer was adopted. In pursuance of this action the 
 money was obtained of the Highland Bank by ex- 
 ecuting a town note for the sum of $7800, payable 
 Feb. 8, 1865, the note bearing date April 13, 1864. 
 
 On August 15th of the same year a special town- 
 meeting duly called was held at Jackson's Hall, in 
 Canterbury. It was voted to pay a bounty of $1000 
 to each volunteer who should enlist for one year. 
 
 The following statement of bonds issued appears 
 in the records, the date of the bonds being Sept. 1, 
 1864: 
 
 815,000 falling due Feb. 1, 1865. 
 
 12,000 " 
 
 " " 1,1866. 
 
 2,000 " 
 
 " " 1, 1867. 
 
 3,000 " 
 
 " " 1, 1868 
 
 4,000 " 
 
 " " 1,1869 
 
 10,000 " 
 
 " " 1, 1870 
 
 82,000 falling due Feb. 1, 1871. 
 2,000 " " "1, 1872. 
 3,000 " " " 1, 1873. 
 
 7,500 " " " 1, 1874. 
 
 5,000 " " " 1,1875. 
 
 Feb. 7, 1865, another special town-meeting was 
 held, and a vote passed authorizing the raising of a 
 sufficient sum to fill the quota of the town by paying 
 $400 to each volunteer, or to each drafted man in 
 case of a draft, who should actually enter the service 
 or provide a substitute. 
 
 The sum to be raised was fixed at $30,000. A war 
 committee to act in conjunction with the supervisors 
 was appointed, consisting of Harvey B. Adams, John 
 Chatfield, William Avery, and Cornelius Nelson. 
 The records appear to show $31,600- issued under 
 this authority. 
 
 SOLDIERS' LIST. 
 
 The following list was prepared from the printed 
 muster-in rolls of the State, but it has also received 
 a careful revision by Mr. Isaac Denniston, of Canter- 
 bury : 
 
 William Babcock, Cm. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 
 William S. Brooks, Co. C, 124th; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; discli. April 16, 
 
 l,si;3, for disability. 
 Thomas M. Brooks, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; wounded at Orange 
 
 Grove, Nov. 27, 1863 ; died of wounds Dec. 20, 1863. 
 William Bordenstein, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 8, 18G2 ; wounded at Chan- 
 
 cellorsville ; trans, to Vet. Kes. Corps. 
 Albert J. Bunce, Co. C, 124th; enl. Aug. 7, 1862; wounded in assault at 
 
 Petersburg, April 1, 1805. 
 Stephen W. Brown, Co. C, 124th; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; died of typhoid 
 
 fever Jan. 17, 1863. 
 Thomas Bigler. 
 
COKNWALL. 
 
 781 
 
 John Brewer, Co. G, 2d N. Y. Cavalry ; enl, Sept. 1, 1861 ; re-enl. same 
 regiment and company, 1863 ; disch, June, 1865 ; died since the war. 
 
 Ezekiel Brundage, Co. G, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 22, 1862; disch. Jan. 20, 1863 ; 
 died since the war. 
 
 Henry J. Brewer, Co. G, 2d N. Y. Cavalry ; enl. Sept. 1, 18G1 ; taken pris- 
 oner September, 1863, and died in Andersonville. 
 
 George L. Brewster, corp,, Co. C, 124tti ; enl. Aug. 11, 18G2 ; served from 
 Petersburg (1863) to Lee's surrender. 
 
 John S. Bennett, 1st lieut., N. Y. Iiid. Bat. No. 7 ; enl. .\ug. 15, 1861. 
 
 Peter Beams, enl. 1861 ; afterwards re-enl. Co. I, 168th. 
 
 William Bro\vn.son, Co C, l^itli ; enl. August, 1862; 1st lieut.; pro. regt. 
 adjt., Dec. 31, 1802 ; resigned Sept. 17, 1863, on account of wounds 
 received at Chancellorsville. 
 
 Jno. Beams, Co. I, 168th ; enl. October, 1862. 
 
 David Beams, Co. 1, 168th ; eul. October, 1862. 
 
 Samuel Bell, Co. A, 56th ; enl. 1861. 
 
 David Boweu, Co. C, 124th ; enl. August, 1802 ; left regiment at Warren- 
 ton, Va., Nov. 17, 1862, and enl. in U. S. Engiueers. 
 
 William Curtis, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Sept. 30, 1862. 
 
 Bobert Connelly, Jr., Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; detached as ambu- 
 lance driver June 1, 1863; pro. sergt. of ambulance-train. 
 
 Charles Chatfield, Co. C, 124tli; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; killed at Chancellors- 
 Tille, 186.3. 
 
 Leonard Carey, Co. C, 124th; enl. Aug. 7, 1862; in guard of ambulance- 
 train from September, 1863, to May, 1865. 
 
 James Curry, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862; died iu hospital, Feb. 7, 
 1863, of typhoid fever. 
 
 Michael Cox, 66th ; enl. July 28, 1861 ; lud. Bat. No. 7. 
 
 Joseph Chase, &>. F, 142d ; drafted. 
 
 George Cripps, 124tli ; eul. August, 1862. 
 
 Michael Cullen, Co. K, 124th ; enl. 1862. 
 
 Sylvauus Curry, Sickles' brigade. 
 
 Abner Curry, Sickles' brigade. 
 
 Joseph Curry, Co. F, 168th. 
 
 Joseph Curry, Jr., Co. F, 168th. 
 
 George W. Cabrey, Co. C, 124th ; disch. April, 1863, for disability. 
 
 James Cromwell, capt., Co. C, 124th ; enl. 1862; pro. major; killed at 
 Gettysburg. 
 
 Joseph Connelly, Co. D, 168th. 
 
 Benjamin Cole, Co. F, 142d; drafted February, 1864. 
 
 Daniel Cole, Co. F, 142d ; drafted February, 1864. 
 
 Wm. H. Coukliu, Co. I, 6th N. Y. Cavalry ; enl. 1863. 
 
 Jonas G. Davis, Corp., Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; disch. March 20, 
 1863, for accidental wounds ; died since the war. 
 
 Frederick Dezendorf, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 : wounded May 3, 
 1863; missing in action June 3,1864; returned to regt. at Annapo- 
 lis, May, 1865. 
 
 Isaac Denniston, Jr., Co. I, 168th ; eul. Nov. 25, 1862; pro. Corp.; disch. 
 Oct. 31, 1863. 
 
 Henry Davenport, Co. L, 6th N. Y. Cavalry ; enl. September, 1861 ; taken 
 prisoner at Hagerstown, July, 1863, and again at Stony Creek, June 
 28, 1864; confined in Andersonville. 
 
 Frank Dunderburg. 
 
 Eobert Davies, Co. I, SOth; enl. July, 1861 ; killed at Fair Oaks, June, 
 1862 ; served under Gen. Taylor throughout the Mexican war. 
 
 James E. Daniels, Co. C, 124th ; eul. August, 1862 ; wounded at Chancel- 
 lorsville, May 3, 1863: and again in front of Petersburg, Aug. 19, 
 1864. 
 
 Nathan Edwards, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; wounded at Gettys- 
 burg, July 2, 1863. 
 Wm. C. Edwards, Co. K, 20th Cavalry ; September, 1864. 
 Charles L. Edwards, Co. I, 124th ; enl. August, 1862; killed at Gettys- 
 burg, July 2, 1863. 
 Charles L. Edwards, Jr., Co. I, 5th Cavalry ; enl. June, 1861. 
 Isaac Edwards, Co. 1, 5tli Cavalry ; enl. June, 1861. 
 William Emslii, Co. G, 2d N. Y. Cavalry ; enl. September, 1861 ; taken 
 prisoner at Germania Ford, February, 1864 ; died iu Salisbury 
 prison. 
 John Firel, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 2, 1862; not heard from after June, 
 
 1863. 
 George Florence, Co. C, 121th ; enl. .^ug. 14, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Kes. 
 
 Corps. 
 John Finney, Co. G, 124th ; died since the war. 
 Hector Finney, Co. G, 124tli ; died since the war. 
 Peter Fritz. 
 Anthony Fritz. 
 Abraham Florence. 
 
 John L. Goodsell, Co. C, 124th ; ^1. Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. March 30, 1863. 
 
 Charles H. Goodsell, Co. C, I21th ; eul. Aug. 11, 1862 ; wounded at Chan- 
 cellorsville, May 3, 1863 ; died May 20, 1863. 
 
 Anthony Goodsell, Ind. Bat. No. 7 ; eul. Oct. 7, 1861. 
 
 Edward Gillis, naval service. 
 
 Edward Ginger, Co. A, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 Jesse Griffiu, Co. F, 168th. 
 
 Wesley Goodsell, Co. G, 2d N.Y. Cavalry; enl. September, 1861 ; taken 
 prisoner, and died at Andersonville. 
 
 Irvin Gordon, Co. G, 168th ; enl. Oct. 20, 1862. 
 
 Peter P. Hazen, Corp., Co. C. 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862; wounded at Get- 
 tysburg; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. 
 
 Charles G. Howser, Co. F, 142d; drafted. 
 
 Richard Hulse. 
 
 Henry Hoffman, Co. C, 124th ; enl. July, 1802 ; died of typhoid fever 
 Sept. 29, 1863. 
 
 Michael Hager, Co. A, 124th ; eul. August, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg. 
 
 Philip Hager, Co. B, 78th N. Y. ; wounded at Chancelloi-sville, May, 
 1863, and discharged, reason disability. 
 
 George Hoofner. 
 
 Gardner B. Havens. 
 
 Charles Hager, U. S. Engineers. 
 
 Stephen Iseman. 
 
 Charles Jones, died since the war.' 
 
 John H. Judson, Co. A, 124th ; eul. August, 1862 ; killed at Chancellors- 
 ville, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Samuel Jackson. 
 
 Otto Kolthaus, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Sept. 15, 1862. 
 
 Luke Lancaster, Co. L, 2d Cavalry ; enl. September, 18G4. 
 
 James Lewis. 
 
 Thomas H. Laue. 
 
 John Lewis, Co. A, I24th. 
 
 Thomas Lewis, Jr. 
 
 Dyer Laue. 
 
 Henry Lent, Co. A, 56th; died since the war. 
 
 Samuel Latham, 124th. 
 
 George Lamb, 19th Militia. 
 
 Benjamin Lancaster, 124th; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 John Lewis, 2d. 
 
 William Lewis, Co. K, 124th. 
 
 Wm. H. Many, sergt., Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 11, 1862; trans, to V.E. C. 
 
 William Mead, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; pro. sergt., July 1, 1863. 
 
 Lorenzo McEwen, Co. M, 16th Art.; enl. Jan. 29, 1864. 
 
 John A. Myers, 
 
 Wm. H. Myers. 
 
 John Maloney. 
 
 Patrick Murray. 
 
 Lawrence Miller. 
 
 John McLean, 19th Militia. 
 
 Joshua Mead, disch. for disability. 
 
 Hugh McGuire, 7th N. Y. Ind. Battery ; pro. 1st sergt. 
 
 Julius Medina, Co. D, 168th; enl. September, 1862. 
 
 James McDonald, Co. G, 2d Cavalry ; enl. July, 1861 ; killed by a railroad 
 accident. 
 
 Augustus Nelson, 7th Ind. Bat. ; enl. Oct. 28, 1861. 
 
 Thomas Oldring, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Sept. 26, 1862. 
 
 Isaac Odell, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; thumb shot off on picket ; 
 trans, to V. E. C. 
 
 David Odell, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; disch. for disability Nov. 
 12, 1862. 
 
 Wm. Odell, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; killed at Chancellorsville, May 3, 
 1863. 
 
 Jabez Odell, 124th ; enl. August, 1862; wounded at Spottsylvania Court- 
 house, May 12, 1864. 
 
 Edward Owney, Co. I, 124lh; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 O. W. Odell, Co. A, 5(ith ; died since the war. 
 
 Eobert Potter, Co. A, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellors- 
 ville, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Samuel Potter, Co. A, 124lh; eul. August, 1862; killed at North Anna 
 about May 23, 1864. 
 
 Eobert Rush, Co. C, 124th ; enl. \ug. 15, 1862 ; killed at Chancellorsville, 
 May 3, 1863. 
 
 Daniel C. Eider, Co. C, 124tli ; enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, 
 July 2, 1863 ; disch. for disability Dec. 7, 1863. 
 
 Cornelius L. Rhodes, Co. C, 124th; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. April 16, 1863. 
 
 Wm. H. H. Rhodes, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862; wounded at Spott- 
 sylvania. 
 
782 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 laaiah Ruraaey, Co. C, 124th ; died in hospital of typhoid fever, Feb. 22, 
 1863. 
 
 John Robiuson. 
 
 Francis Rhinefield, 124th ; eul. August, 1862 ; killed at Chancellorsville, 
 May :i, 1803. 
 
 Richard Rollings, Co. A, 124th; enl. August, 1862; wounded at Spott- 
 sylvania. May 12, 1864. 
 
 Samuel Rollins, Co. A, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; pro. Corp., 1863. 
 
 Ira Rush, Co. G, 2d Cavalry; enl. Sept. 1, 1861 ; re-enl. 1863; disch. June, 
 1866, 
 
 George Rush, Co. K, 2d Cavalry; enl. September, 1864. 
 
 Thurston Rider, Co. B, :!6th N. T.; enl. May, 1861 ; disch. July, 1863, ex- 
 piration of enlistment. 
 
 Warren Rider, Co. C, 124th; enl. August, 1862; killed at Appomattox, 
 May, 186.5. 
 
 Clark Sniitli, Co. C, 124th ; eul. Aug, 9, 1862; taken prisoner at Chancel- 
 lorsville; paroled, and on parole some time, 
 
 James Swaim, o6th ; 7tli Ind. Bat. ; enl. Oct. 28, 1861. 
 
 Wilbur F. Still, 2d lieut., Co. A, 56th; died since the war. 
 
 Henry Still, Ist lieut., 56th, died since the war. 
 
 Poter Shirts. 
 
 James Secor, Co. A, 50th ; enl. July 31, 1861 ; disch. August, 1862, by rea- 
 son of disability. 
 
 George Swaim. 
 
 William Sillimau, capt., Co. C, 124th; enl. August, 1862; afterwards ad- 
 jutant ; pro. to lieut,-col. of 26th U. S, Colored Regt. ; lost leg from 
 wounds, Dec. 9, 1864, in hospital, and died. 
 
 John H. Swaim. 
 
 Charles Smaltz, 48th N. Y. ; killed at Fort Wagner, 1S63. 
 
 Daniel Socor, Co. A, 56th ; enl. July 31, 1861 ; re-enl. February, 1864; dis- 
 charged November, 1865 ; pro. to corp,, 1863, 
 
 George Secor, Co, F, 142d ; March, 1865. 
 
 George G. Taylor, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 0, 1862; disch. for disability, 
 Jan. 23, 1804. 
 
 Thomas Taft, sergt., Co. C, 124th ; enl, Aug. 7, 1862; pro. to 1st lieut., Co. 
 H, and afterwards to capt,, Co, C. 
 
 John Tompkins, Co, C, 124th; enl, Aug. 15, 1862; taken prisoner June 
 22, 1864; paroled, and returned May, 1865. 
 
 Ephraim Tompkins, Co. C, I24th; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; wounded at Chan- 
 cellorsville ; trans, to V, R, C. 
 
 George J. Thome, Co. C, 124th; enl. Aug. 14, 1862; trans, to V. S. Engi- 
 neers, April 18, 1863. 
 
 William H. G. Thorpe, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; disch, March 29, 
 1863, 
 
 Jacob W, Topping, Co, M, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 29, 1864. 
 
 John Tompkins (2), Ist lieut,, 56th (New Windsor); died since the war. 
 
 Henry Townsend, 19th Militia. 
 
 Henry Trainor, Co, G, 124lh ; enl, August, 1862. 
 
 John Trainor, Co. G, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 Alexander Trainor, Co. G, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 Thomas Tracey. 
 
 Radcliffe Turner, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 Thomas Tole, Co. F, I68th. 
 
 John T. Tole, Co. F, 168th. 
 
 Charles Trainor, Co. G, 124th; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 Jackson Van Zyle, Co. G, 124th ; enl. August, 1862. 
 
 Levi Van Gordon, 56th, 
 
 Goodman Van Gordon, 98th; killed near Bermuda Hundred, June, 1804, 
 
 Charles Van Gordon, 124th, 
 
 Samuel Van Gordon, Co. E, 56th N. Y.; disch,, September, 1863, for dis- 
 ability. 
 
 Wm. Van Gordon, 98th. 
 
 J. H. Vought, 7th Ind. Bat. 
 
 David Wright, Co. C, 124th ; enl, Aug, 11, 1862. 
 
 David L. Westcott, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug, 11, 1862 ; wounded at Chan- 
 cellorsville. May, 1803; taken prisoner; paroled; died of wounds 
 May 24, 1863. 
 
 William White, Co. C, 124th ; eul. Aug. 7, 1862. 
 
 Albert Wise, Co. C, 124th ; enl, August, 1862 ; wounded at CbancelloiB- 
 ville. May 3, 1803, 
 
 Lewis Wolfert, 
 
 Jacob Weybold. 
 
 William Wallace, Co. I, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; killed at Chancellors- 
 villo. May 3, 1863. 
 
 Frank Wood, Co. I, 5th Cavalry ; enl. June, 1861 ; killed by railroad ac- 
 cident. 
 
 Harvey Wiley, Co. G, 2d Cavalry. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 EDWARD PAY,SON ROE. 
 Edward Paj'son Roe was born on the banks of the 
 Hudson, in the town of New Windsor, on March 7, 
 1838. His ancestry is more particularly referred to 
 in the sketch of his brother, Rev. Alfred C. Roe, in 
 this work. His early home is described in his story, 
 "Opening a Chestnut Burr," and again referred to in 
 
 the description of the quaint old garden which has so 
 important a place in his book, "A J'ace Illumined." 
 His collegiate life was passed at Williams College, 
 with a view to preparation for the gospel ministry, 
 and after a year at Auburn Theological Seminary, in 
 1862, he responded to the government's urgent call 
 and accepted the chaplaincy of the Second New York, 
 or Harris Light Cavalry. After two years' service in 
 the field, Mr. Roe was appointed by President Lin- 
 coln one of the chaplains of the Fortress Monroe 
 hospitals. Just before entering upon the performance 
 of his duties at that point he participated as a vol- 
 unteer in the celebrated raid in the spring of 1864, 
 in which Col. Dahlgren was killed, and which had 
 as its object the release of the Union prisoners at 
 RichnKmd. Several times on this occa.sion he acted 
 as aid, and was the first one sent to Washington after 
 the raid, where he had an extended personal inter- 
 view with President Lincoln. While at Fortress 
 Monroe, Mr. Roe was largely instrumental in causing 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 783 
 
 the erection of the chapel for Christian worship at 
 that pUice, and of the lihrary adjoining. He liad 
 charge of the hospital farm at that point, and from a 
 small beginning increased its size to forty acres, grow- 
 ing all varieties of vegetables, and supplying the hos- 
 pitals with many choice delicacies. At the close of 
 the war he accepted a call from the Presbyterian 
 Church at Highland Falls, N. Y., to become its pas- 
 tor, and was soon engaged with the people in an efTort 
 to erect a new church edifice. His desire to aid in 
 this work first led him to enter the lecture-field, where 
 his lectures on topics connected with the war attracted 
 considerable attention. 
 
 Up to the time of the burning of Chicago, Mr. Roe 
 had never formed the definite purpose of writing a 
 book, but the scenes of that awful event powerfully 
 impressed him, and while the ruins were still smoking 
 he spent several days among them. Returning home 
 he commenced '" Barriers Burned Away," and worked 
 for a year on the story in his hours of leisure. After 
 six or eight chapters were written they were submitted 
 to the editors of the AVic York Ei-angelkt, and at their 
 request were left for publication. The story contin- 
 ued to grow, the writer often hardly keeping in ad- 
 vance of the paper, until fifty-two chapters were 
 published. Long before its completion there was a 
 demand for the publication of the story as a whole, 
 and it was issued about the first of December, 1872, 
 by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co., of New York, who 
 have published all of Mr. Roe's works. Its success 
 was immediate, and successive editions were quickly 
 called for. Mr. Roe's next work, " What Can She 
 Do ?" was of a very different kind, and was also widely 
 read. Finding his health becoming impaired by the 
 continued duties of the pastorate and of authorship, 
 Mr. Roe was finally led to query whether the latter 
 wa.s not his true vocation, and to consider whether he 
 could not exert a wider influence as a writer than as 
 a speaker. Of this he made his next book — " Open- 
 ing a Chestnut Burr" — a test, and constructed a quiet, 
 Christian "btory. It proved the most popular of his 
 works, and having decided to adopt a literary life, he 
 removed, in the spring of 1874, to Cornwall-on-the- 
 Hudson, near his early home, where he has since con- 
 tinued to reside. Here, in a pleasant home, amid the 
 most beautiful natural scenery, he wrote his later I 
 works, — " Near to Nature's Heart," " From Jest to 
 Earnest," " A Knight of the Nineteenth Century," 
 " A Face Illumined," " Success with Small Fruits," 
 " Play and Profit in My Garden," and "A Day of 
 Fate." He is now engaged on a novel entitled " With- 
 out a Home." 
 
 In contrast to the usual experience of popular 
 authors, Mr. Roe's works have successively sold more 
 largely than their predecessors. The six novels writ- 
 ten after " Barriers Burned Away" were pttblished 
 in the autumn of each succeeding year after 1872, 
 and of the seven novels about 17.5,000 were sold in 
 eight years. The sale of all his works in this country 
 
 reaches about 250,000 copies. All of his novels have 
 been printed in England, and are now being translated 
 into German. His last work, " A Day of Fate," was 
 published in the fall of 1880, and has already, within 
 a few months, attained a sale of 27,000 copies. The 
 first edition of his new work will comprise 25,000 
 volumes. 
 
 Aside from his reputation as an author, Mr. Roe is 
 widely known as an horticulturist and cultivator of 
 choice varieties of small fruits. Feeling the need of out- 
 of-door exercise and mental relaxation, he at first un- 
 dertook fruit cultivation as a pastime and for his own 
 amusement. But gradually he became interested in the 
 work, experimented with rare and choice varieties, un- 
 til to-day he is recognized as one of the leading horti- 
 culturists of the United States. He has acres of all 
 varieties of fruits, and makes large shipments of 
 plants to all parts of the country. The demand for 
 his plants is immense, and his spring catalogue of 
 fruits for 1881 comprises twenty-four printed pages. 
 He employs a large number of men, and leads, in his 
 dual capacity of author and fruit cultivator, a busy and 
 industrious life. His published works on horticul- 
 tural subjects, above referred to, have met with ready 
 appreciation by the public and attained a large sale. 
 
 Mr. Roe was married on Nov. 24, 1863, to Miss 
 Anna P., daughter of Dr. David Sands, of New York, 
 late of A. B. & D. Sands, druggists of that city, and 
 has five children living, namely : Paulina Sands, 
 Martha Ferris, El ting P., Sarah Theresa, and Lindley 
 Murray. Edward P. Roe, Jr., died in infancy. 
 
 Mr. Roe is recognized as one of the leading and 
 mo.st enterprising citizens of Cornwall, and is actively 
 interested in every good work. 
 
 WILLIAM S. BROAVN. 
 
 William S. Brown was born in the town of Corn- 
 wall, on Aug. 3, 1809. His parents were John and 
 Hannah (Cronk) Brown, the former of whom was also 
 born in the town, and engaged in farming near the 
 residence of David Cromwell. The father of John 
 emigrated from England prior to the Revolutionary 
 war, and located in Cornwall. Among the other 
 children were William, Thomas Nathaniel, Frank, 
 Amelia, who married Martin Hallock, of Monroe; 
 and Ann, who married Edward Coffee, of Cornwall. 
 The children of John and Hannah C. Brown were 
 sixteen in number, of whom ten reached mature 
 years, namely: Ann (wife of E. B. St. John, of Corn- 
 wall), William S., Henry, Edward, John, Hedges, 
 James, Elliot, Louisa (who married John Requa, of 
 New York), and Esther (who married Baldwin Fox, 
 of Brooklyn). 
 
 The early educational opportunities of Mr. Brown 
 were limited to six months' schooling, three by an 
 old Quaker, Andrew Sutherland, and three by an 
 English gentleman in Canterbury. At the age of 
 fifteen vears he commenced to learn the trade of 
 
784 
 
 HISTORY OP ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 dressing deer-hides for buckskin with John Golow, 
 of Vail's Gate, in the town of New Windsor, then 
 known as Tooker's Gate, where he remained four 
 years. He then removed to New York, and worked 
 
 r^^^ 
 
 1856; John Ross, engaged in the commission busi- 
 ness in New York ; Hannah M., wife of Alphea 
 Phillips, of Blooming-Grove ; Charles G., who died 
 in the spring of 1881 ; Hezekiah P., a commission 
 merchant in New York City; and Harriet F., wife of 
 Robert S. Talbot, of Blooming-Grove. 
 
 in the employ of the Dry-Dock Company, at the 
 head of Avenue D, for two years. The next six or 
 seven years was spent as a carter in New York City, 
 at the end of wliieh time he engaged in lime-burning 
 for Harvey Raymond & Co., of Brooklyn. He re- 
 moved from there to Rockland, Me., where he en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of lime for fourteen years. 
 His health then failing him, he returned to New 
 York and went into the brokerage and commission 
 business, where he continued about seven years. On 
 April 2, 1857, he purchased 8G of the 100 acres of 
 land that he now occupies in Cornwall, of Rev. 
 Jonathan Silliman, and took up his residence in that 
 town, where he has engaged in farming operations 
 until the present time, making a specialty of fatten- 
 ing and dealing in live-stock. He has taken an 
 active interest in local affairs, and is recognized as 
 one of the substantial, enterprising, and public- 
 spirited citizens of the town. He was elected super- 
 visor of Cornwall in 1865, and has filled other town 
 offices with credit. 
 
 Mr. Brown was married on Jilarch 20, 1830, to 
 Martha, daughter of John and Ann Rose, of Flat- 
 bush, L. I. She was born April 10, 1807, and died 
 May 2.3, 1876. The children have been Louisa Ann, 
 who died in childhood ; George Ogden, died Aug. 20, 
 
 JOHN ORR. 
 John Orr was born in County Armagh, Ireland, on 
 Dec. .31, 1820, and was a son of David and Elizabeth 
 (Stewart) Orr, the former being a successful miller in 
 the city of Armagh. His grandparents were John 
 and Susan (Orr) Orr, and his great-grandfather was 
 Robert, who was born in Scotland and removed to the 
 north of Ireland about the year 1700. The former 
 was a miller by trade, and the latter a wheelwright. 
 The children of David and Elizabeth S. Orr were 
 David, who died in childhood ; John ; Jane Ann, who 
 married Joseph S. Pruden, of New York City; Susan, 
 
 V^^ ^ 
 
 who married George G. Sims, of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 Mrs. Elizabeth S. Orr died in 1822, and David Orr 
 married, for a second wife, Jane Stewart, a cousin of 
 his first wife. Of this union were born William; 
 Mary Elizabeth, who married John J. Van Duzer, of 
 Cornwall ; and Sarah, who married Jesse B. Birdsall, 
 of Newburgh. David Orr died in 1843, aged about 
 fifty-two, and his wife, Jane Stewart, in the spring of 
 1881, in the town of Monroe, Orange Co., where she 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 785 
 
 was residing with her daughter, Mrs. Van Puzer. 
 Her remains were inti'rred in Woodlawn Cemetery, 
 in the lot of her son William. 
 
 John Orr received a common-school education in 
 his native country, and afterwards learned the trade 
 of a miller with his father. In 1S42 lie came to 
 America and first located in New Windsor, where he 
 worked in Morton's mill, at Vail's Gate, for a short 
 time. He then removed to Shawangunk, Ulster Co., 
 working in James Mitchell'.s mill for one year and a 
 half, and then in the Walden mills, Montgomery, for 
 one year. In Octoher, 1844, he married Mary, daugh- 
 ter of Robert and Mary (Cooper) Fulton, of New 
 Windsor, and on April 1, 1845, took up his residence 
 in Cornwall, going into partnership with Robert E. 
 Ring, at the Townsend mill. . After three years he 
 purchased his present mill at Mountainville, of 
 Samuel Ketcham, and ran that for seven years. He 
 then leased the old Townsend mill for five years, and 
 operated both mills for three years. At the end of 
 that time he surrendered the balance of his lease of 
 the Townsend mill to his brother William. In 1860 
 he formed a partnership with the latter and Joseph 
 S. Pruden, and operated the Mountainville mill under 
 the firm-name of John Orr & Co. Shortly after the 
 firm ijurchased tlie Townsend cotton-factory pro|)erty 
 and grist-mill, and operated that under the name of 
 William Orr & Co. This arrangement continued 
 until 1865, when Joseph S. Pruden withdrew from the 
 firm, which was changed to J. & W. Orr. In 1866 
 the latter erected the " Cornwall Flouring-Mills," at 
 a cost of about $.30,001), on the site of the Townsend 
 mill, and continued business there until 1877, when 
 John Orr disposed of his interest to John Mitchell, 
 and resumed the operation of his Mountainville mill, ; 
 which he repurchased in 1875, and where he contin- 
 ues at the present time. 
 
 Mr. Orr is recognized as one of the influential ' 
 citizens of Cornwall, and through a long business 
 career has earned the reputation of an upright and 
 honorable man. Besides his mill property at Moun- 
 tainville, he owns the Samuel Ketcham residence and 
 farm at that place, the Woodbury factory in the town 
 of Monroe, and other real estate. He is popular in 
 the town, and held the office of supervisor in 1868 
 and 1869. He has taken a deep interest in the local 
 development of Mountainville, and lent liberal sup- 
 port to the progressive and elevating movements of 
 his day. He is a member of the Bethlehem Presby- 
 terian Church. Eight children have been born to Mr. I 
 and Mrs. Orr, of whom five survive, namely : Susan 
 A., wife of Lewis A. Van Cleft, Woodbury ; Addie ; 
 Margaret, wife of D. E. Sutherland, of Cornwall; 
 Emma ; and Jessie. 
 
 WILLIAM OKR. 
 William Orr was born in the city and county of 
 Armagh, Ireland, Dec. 23, 1830, where his father was 
 
 cestry is more particularly referred to in the bio- 
 graphical sketch of his older brother, John Orr, in 
 this work. 
 
 On Feb. 11, 1847, Mr. Orr came to this country, 
 having decided to make his home in the New World, 
 where several sisters and a brother had preceded him. 
 He resided for one year with his brother John, at 
 Cornwall, and attended school at the excellent insti- 
 tution of Rev. Alfred C. Roe, of that place. During 
 the same year he worked in the mill of Sylvanus 
 Howell, in Shawangunk village, Ulster Co., for two 
 months, performing his work to the full satisfaction 
 of his employer. The next three years were spent in 
 learning the miller's trade with his brother John, 
 at Mountainville. In 1851 he went to Haverstraw, 
 N. y., where he operated a mill as first miller for the 
 very remunerative stipend o( eleven dollars a month and 
 his board. After one year he filled a similar position 
 in the mill of James R. Dickson, of Newburgh, at 
 sixteen dollars a month. He remained there nearly 
 a year, and then worked in the employ of his brother 
 John, at Mountainville, from 1853 to 1855. In the 
 latter year he operated the Mountainville mill for his 
 brother at a salary of five hundred dollars. The year 
 following he had a quarter interest in the profits of 
 the mill, his partners being John Orr and Thomas 
 Fulton. The third year he was an equal partner with 
 his brother in conducting the mill. In the years 1858 
 and 1859, Mr. Orr operated the old Townsend mill on 
 his own account, meeting with great success. In 1860 
 he became one of the firm of John Orr & Co., con- 
 sisting of John Orr, Joseph S. Pruden, and himself, and 
 operated the mill at Mountainville. Subsequently 
 the same copartners purchased the Townsend mill 
 property, and ran that, under the firm-name of Wil- 
 liam Orr & Co., until 1805, when Mr. Pruden with- 
 drew, and the firm of J. & W. Orr was formed. In 
 1866 the latter firm erected the Cornwall Flouring- 
 Mills, on the site of the Townsend mill, at a cost of 
 about thirty thousand dollars. The building, 40 by 
 80 feet in dimensions, comprises three stories and a 
 basement, and is one of the finest of its kind in the 
 county. 
 
 The firm of J. & W. Orr continued to carry on a 
 successful business until 1877, when John Orr dis- 
 posed of his interest to John Mitchell of Meadow 
 Brook Farm, Cornwall, and the firm of William Orr 
 & Co. was organized. The latter continued to run 
 the Cornwall Flouring-Mills until April 1, 1881, when 
 Mr. Mitchell disposed of his interest to William Orr, 
 who is now operating the mill with great success. 
 
 Mr. Orr is recognized as one of the most intelligent 
 and enterprising of the business men of Cornwall. 
 By close attention to business and industrious and 
 economical habits he has accumulated a good estste, 
 and earned the respect and esteem of a large circle of 
 friends. In 1867 he purchased the homestead of the 
 late William H. Townsend, near his mill, and soon 
 
786 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 after began entertaining summer guests, in common 
 with some of the best families of Cornwall. In 1870 
 he erected his present handsome and attractive dwel- 
 ling, known as the " Moodna Mansion," on the site of 
 the Townsend residence, and has since continued to 
 entertain each season, in a proper manner, a large 
 number of guests. About 1872 he rebuilt the building 
 known as " Overlook Cottage,'' near his mansion, for 
 John Mitchell, who occupied it two seasons. Since 
 that time Mr. Orr has used it, in connection with his 
 house, for the accommodation of his guests. 
 
 Mr. Orr is a popular member of the Republican 
 party of his town, and was a supervisor in 1880. He 
 was married on Jan. 27, 18.57, to Margaret (Young) 
 Elliot, daughter of William Drummond Elliot and 
 Jean Stewart Lamb Elliot, of Glasgow, Scotland. 
 Seven of the eight children are living, viz. : John, 
 engaged in business with his father; William Elliot, 
 entry clerk with Lawson Valentine & Co., of New 
 York ; David Lincoln ; Maggie ; Mary ; Florence ; 
 and Nellie P. Orr. 
 
 CHARLES H. MEAD. 
 Charles H. Mead was born at Phillipstown, Putnam 
 Co., N. Y., on July 24, 1831. His parent.s were Jo- 
 seph N. and Phebe (Garrison) Mead, and his ma- 
 
 ternal grandfather, Judge Harry Garrison, one of 
 the earliest settlers of Phillipstown, and a representa- 
 tive of a pioneer family on Long Island. Judge 
 Garrison was a prominent citizen of Putnam County 
 for many years, and held several offices of trust and 
 responsibility. He was a gentleman of the olden 
 time, of unblemished reputation, and at one time 
 owned a large number of slaves. He gave them their 
 freedom in 1823, but a number refused to leave, and 
 remained with him through life. His grandfather on 
 his father's side was Abram Mead, and his grand- 
 mother Hannah Mead, whose father, also named 
 Abram, at one time owned all of Cold Spring, N. Y. 
 His great-grandmother on his father's side was Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of Gen. Nicholson, of Revolutionary 
 fame. 
 
 Joseph N. Mead was born near Norwich, Conn., 
 the family seat of the Meads. In early manhood he 
 removed to Cold Spring, Putnam Co., and for a great 
 many years owned and ran a first-cla.ss sailing- 
 packet for carrying passengers betw-een Albany and 
 New York. Subsequently he sailed from the foundry 
 at Cold Spring to New York, until the destruction of 
 his vessel by fire. Capt. Mead was a man of fine 
 presence, and one of the most popular and highly- 
 respected of the early sailing-masters on the Hudson. 
 
Iron Bri'lge a^ m.^s ih<- ISluodmi nt Oii> "Mil 
 
 Ice House. 
 
 Barn and Carriage House. 
 
 " MuODNA Mansion. "' 
 Besideuce of Wm. Orr, Cornwall, N. T. 
 
 CuiiiWiiU Fluiiriut;-."\lilltj, EaUibiiabeil 1770. 
 Bebailt by J. and Wm. Orr, 1866. 
 
i 
 
(^M/^-tcIr 
 
 (P^T-l.-^ 
 
 Tlio Kctcliam family is one nf the oldest in the town 
 of Cornwall. Long prior to llie Kevolutionary war 
 Samuel Ketchnm, the great-grundfatlier of the subject 
 of this sketch, located where John Orr now resides at 
 Mountainville, where he passed his life engaged in the 
 arduous agricultural operations incident to the pioneer 
 development of the country, and where he ojierated an 
 early grist-mill. His remains are interred upon the 
 farm. He was a large landholder, owning several miles 
 square in that locality. His descendants through several 
 generations settled around him, and the place was known 
 as Kctchamtown until within a few years, when the 
 opening of the railroad and the establishment of the 
 station and post-office at that point gave it the less dis- 
 tinctive name of Jlountainville. Samuel Kotcham had 
 three sons, Samuel, Joseph, and Benjamin, all of whom 
 settled at Ketchamtown. Samuel resided where the 
 late Joseph Sayer lived, Joseph where Sherburn Shaw 
 resides, and Benjamin where the subject of this sketch 
 lives. The latter served as a soldier in the Revolu- 
 tionary war. Of himself and wife, Mary, was born a 
 large family of children, viz. : Abraham, Charles, 
 James, Joseph, Hannah, who married Martin Pempel- 
 ton, and Ann, who became the wife of Daniel C. Car- 
 penter. Abraham lived and died in Sussex County, 
 N. J.; James, in the town of Monroe; and Joseph 
 s]icnt the most of his life in New York City, dying, 
 however, on the homestead farm. 
 
 Benjamin Ketcham died May 18, 1833, aged eighty 
 years, and his wife on Sept. 5, 1832, aged eighty- 
 two. 
 
 Charles Ketcham, son of Benjamin, was born on his 
 father's farm, Oct. 2(J, 1786, and passed his entire life as 
 a farmer on the home place. His wife was Ann Smith, 
 
 born April 18, 178G, died .\ug. 11, 18.51, and the i.^sue 
 of the union were Daniel C, born Nov. 14, 181.3, died 
 in 1854; Benjamin S., born Jan. 4, 1819; and Eliza 
 Jane, born July 13, 1823, died April 22, 1864. Charles 
 Ketcham died June 1, 1847. 
 
 Benjamin S. Ketcham was born on the honiestead of 
 his grandfather, where he now resides, on the date indi- 
 cated above. He has passed his entire life upon the 
 property, with slight exception, and is the third genera- 
 tion of his family who have resided on the spot. His 
 education was derived at the district school of his neigh- 
 borhood. During the year 1836 he clerked in a store at 
 Cornwall. Subsequently he worked the homestead farm 
 on shares ; but after his marriage, in 1846, he farmed it 
 on his own account. The farm comprises two hundred 
 and twenty acres. 
 
 Mr. Ketcham is the last of a large family residing in 
 the neighborhood of Mountainville, and through long 
 years of faithful and honest toil has worthily repre- 
 sented the name. While a man of modest pretensions, 
 not given to display, but living an unostentatious and 
 humble life, he has enjoyed a wide influence in the com- 
 munity, and been recognized as one of tlie loading men 
 of his locality. Ho served as a justice of the ]icace for 
 four terms, declining further election ; and while not a 
 church member, has, by a life of integrity and honor- 
 able dealing, commanded the respect and esteem of all 
 who knew him. He was married on April 29, 1846, to 
 Mercy, daughter of Nathaniel and Rebecca (Cornell) 
 Brown, and his children have been Charles, who is in 
 trade at Mountainville, and a leading and influential 
 citizen ; Theodore, who is cultivating the home farm; 
 Ann E., who died in infancy; and Olive A., wife of 
 James Barton, of Mountainville. 
 
MONROE. 
 
 787 
 
 After the burning of his vessel he located at Gar- 
 rison's Landing, Putnam Co., where ho built the 
 docli, residence, and store. He engaged in trade and 
 kept a public-house at that point until his demise, in 
 1841. His wife survived him many years, passing 
 away at a ripe old age in January, 1879. The chil- 
 dren were Mary Jane, who married James D. Faurot, 
 of Fort Montgomery; Joseph Henry, deceased; 
 Hannah Elizabeth, of New York City, widow of 
 Sylvanus Coursen; William Augustus, who died in 
 childhood ; Charles Henry ; and Sydney, who died 
 in infancy. 
 
 Until the age of nine years the subject of this sketch 
 resided with- his parents, and received his early in- 
 struction from Rev. Mr. Williams, an Episcopal 
 clergyman at Phillipstown. After the death of his 
 father he went to reside with his sister, at Fort 
 Montgomery, where he attended the district school. 
 When seventeen years of age he removed to Corn- 
 wall, Orange Co., and commenced to learn the trade 
 of a carpenter with Daniel Taft. In 1853 he opened 
 a shop of his own at the junction of the Newburgh 
 road and Hudson Street, in Canterbury, where he re- 
 mained until the year 1861. In the latter year he 
 formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, Thomas 
 Taft, under the firm-name of Mead & Taft, their shop 
 being near the old Catholic church at Cornwall-on- 
 the-Hudson. In 1871 the firm removed to Cornwall 
 
 Landing, where they erected a large frame mill and 
 an extensive addition to the dock. On March 29, 
 1877, their entire establishment was destroyed by fire, 
 but was replaced the same season by the large three- 
 story brick building which the ■firm now occupy. 
 Here the firm of Mead & Taft are doing a large 
 building business, and their establishment is known 
 far and wide as one of the most successfiil of its kind 
 in the country. Their building is one of the largest, 
 most complete, and conveniently arranged of its 
 kind, and the variety and quality of the work done 
 are not surpassed by any similar establishment in 
 the United States. The firm do the finest panel 
 work that can be done, manufacture large numbers 
 of hard-wood mantels, and have contracted for and 
 built many large houses and churches in different 
 parts of the country, including 110 cottages at Long 
 Branch ; the Elberon Hotel, New Jersey ; all the 
 cottages at that popular sea-side resort; the Smith 
 House, at Highlands, N. J. ; Palmer House, Nyack ; 
 and the church of " Our Lady Star of the Sea," at 
 Long Branch. 
 
 Mr. Mead was married in June, 1854, to Mary E., 
 daughter of Daniel Taft, of Cornwall, and has a 
 family of eleven children. His son, Charles S. Mead, 
 is engaged in business with him. Harry G. Mead, 
 another son, is the contracting agent for the Canada 
 Southern Railroad in New York. 
 
 MONROE. 
 
 I.— SITUATION, BOUNDARIES, AREA, TITLE. 
 
 Monroe is the southeast town of the county. It 
 is bounded north by Blooming-Grove, Cornwall, and 
 Highlands, east and south by Rockland County, west 
 by Warwick, Chester, and Blooming-Grove. Its area 
 is given by the equalization table of the board of 
 supervisors, 1879-80, as 70,049 acres, but, as in the 
 case of all other towns, this is only an approximate 
 statement. The total assessed valuation for the year 
 1879-80 was .$2,182,910, and the whole amount of tax 
 paid upon that basis was $17,161. The title to the 
 soil of Monroe is mainly derived through the Chese- 
 kook Patent. The town was first named from that 
 patent. For a full statement reference is made to the 
 chapter on patents In the General History. 
 
 II.— NATURAL FEATURES. 
 The first striking feature of this town is the well- 
 nigh continuous valley which divides this town into 
 two nearly equal parts, and which has been made the 
 line of the Newburgh Short-Cut Branch of the Erie 
 
 Railroad. Through the northern part of this valley 
 Woodbury Creek, which has one of its sources in 
 Hazzard Lake, flows northward, and in Cornwall 
 unites with Murderer's Creek. Not far south from the 
 sources of this stream are the head-waters of the 
 Ramapo, which flows southward into the county of 
 Rockland. The summit between these two valleys is 
 low, and the rivulets of the two streams, flowing in 
 opposite directions, are found very near to each other. 
 The eastern angle of the town is drained by Poplopen's 
 Creek, which receives from the southwest a branch 
 of considerable extent. Various branches of these 
 several streams are found, and nearly the whole of 
 the town is drained by them. The ponds in this 
 town are numerous and of surpassing beauty. (See 
 General History.) 
 
 III.— EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 
 The southern portion of Orange County, including 
 Monroe, was settled mostly from the Eastern States, 
 or from Long Island. The families were generally 
 
788 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 of English ancestry, first having settled in the East, 
 and at a later period removed west of the Hudson. 
 Just when the settlement commenced in Monroe is 
 not very accurately determined. All the accounts of 
 Eevolutionary times indicate a population of consid- 
 erable numliers upon this territory. The oldest patent 
 in this section is the Chesekook, which was granted 
 in 1702. There was little or no settlement for some 
 years following that date. Various writers have men- 
 tioned 1742 as about the time of the first settlement 
 along the Kamapo Valley. The Smiths were in this 
 town at as early a day as 1727, and the name " Smith's 
 Clove" appears in the earliest town records of Corn- 
 wall, 1765. Satterly's Mill is mentioned at this time 
 also, and other names from the territory of what is 
 -now Monroe or near it. 
 
 The records of Cornwall having been preserved, 
 and also the names attached to the Revohitionary ar- 
 ticles of association, we can determine all tlie leading 
 families residing before the Revolution upon the ter- 
 ritory of the four present towns formed out of Corn- 
 wall. After the lapse of one hundred and ten years, 
 it cannot be expected that the location of all of them 
 can be determined, either with respect to the farms 
 they occupied or the present towns organized upon 
 this territory. 
 
 The following names are taken from those records 
 and lists as having belonged to the present territory 
 of Monroe. For others still not identified reference 
 is made to the chapter upon Cornwall, where they 
 are given in full. 
 
 Henry Brewster was commissioner of schools in 
 Monroe, 1799. His name appears in the records of 
 Cornwall prior to 1775. The Brewsters were in 
 Blooming-Grove mostly, but the name appears also 
 in other town records. 
 
 Elijah Barton probably lived on the Benjamin Case 
 farm of late years. Roger Barton is also mentioned 
 before the Revolution. 
 
 John Bull, mentioned in Cornwall records, is sup- 
 posed to have lived on the boundary of Warwick and 
 Monroe. Ebenezer Bull is also mentioned. 
 
 John Belcher's homestead was probably the present 
 Mead place at Ramapo. Adam Belcher is also men- 
 tioned in the early records. 
 
 Robert Brock. The Brocks in early times lived in 
 the mountains near Braymertown. 
 
 John Brooks. His homestead w:is probably the 
 present place of Benton Brooks. 
 
 Abram Butler. The families of this name in early 
 times were in the south part of Jlonroe, near the 
 New Jersey line. 
 
 Henry Cock came from Long Island just at the 
 close of the Revolution. He remained for a time at 
 Nicholas Townsend's, in Monroe, and then settled 
 two miles west of Newburgh, where David Foster 
 afterwards lived. His children were Jacob, of Mon- 
 roe; William, of McKnight's Mills, Monroe; Ed- 
 mund, of the Duncan place, Canterbury; Charles; 
 
 Stephen; Mrs. William Titus; Mrs. Zebulon Town- 
 send ; and Hannah, who died unmarried. Nicholas 
 Cock, the father of the three brothers, carriage manu- 
 facturers at Canterbury, was a son of William. The 
 children of Jacob Cock were Anthony, Elijah, Jacob, 
 Jr., Mrs. Isaac Titus, Mrs. David Ketcham, Mrs. 
 Hannah Seaman, Mrs. Clark Smith, and Mary, un- 
 married. Mr. Charles Cock, merchant at Cornwall- 
 on-the-Hudson, is a son of Anthony. 
 
 A. Cunningham. The old Cunningham homestead 
 was the present place of Peter P. Parrott. A. Cun- 
 ningham, Jr., is also mentioned. 
 
 David Compton's homestead was the present place 
 of Harrison Compton, and has been in the family 
 from before the Revolution. Jacob Compton, both 
 Sr. and Jr., are also mentioned in the early records. 
 
 P. Cashaday (Cassidy). Timothy Galloway speaks 
 of one Cassiidy, a tailor, very old, sixty years ago or 
 more, who lived in Monroe, near the line of Bloom- 
 ing-Grove. 
 
 Solomon Cromwell. An old Cromwell homestead 
 was near the line of Blooming-Grove, — the Daniel 
 Vail place of later times. 
 
 William Conklin. An old tavern stand at Baker- 
 town, near Monroe village, was a Conklin homestead. 
 
 Joseph Davis' homestead was where James Wilkes 
 now lives. A grandson, Cornelius Davis, lives in 
 Chester. 
 
 Robert Armstrong was path-master of district No. 
 34 in Cornwall, 1775. 
 
 Owen Nobles was connected with the Stirling Iron- 
 Works at an early day. 
 
 Samuel Robbins and Philip Robbins were doubtless 
 in Monroe. They are mentioned in the records of 
 Cornwall pi'ior to the Revolution. 
 
 James McLaughlin and W. M. McLaughlin are 
 named in early Cornwall records before the Revolution. 
 
 John Earle was chosen in 1765 a fence-viewer for 
 Woodbury Clove. He lived near Highland Mills. 
 His sons were Peter, John, Solomon. Samuel Earle 
 is also mentioned in the old records, and the name of 
 Richard also appears. 
 
 Peter Earlc's homestead was at the south |)oint of 
 Schunemunk Mountain. He was the grandfather 
 of Thomas R. Earle, now a merchant at Turner's. 
 Thomas R. was the son of Daniel. 
 
 William Fitzgerald. An early Fitzgerald home- 
 stead was in Dutch Hollow, near the line of War- 
 wick. 
 
 Alexander Galloway probably lived in the neigh- 
 borhood of the Dickerman place, on the turnpike. 
 Sanders Galloway is also mentioned in the early 
 records, and likewise George. 
 
 Jacob Galloway was an early resident. The old 
 homestead was on Rye Hill, the Webb property of 
 the present time, late that of John K. Roe. He had 
 a son James, who had two sons — Thomas and James 
 —and three daughters,^ — Mrs. Jacobus, of New York ; 
 Mrs. Fitch, of Warwick ; and Mrs. Lewis, of Monroe. 
 
' • <X*^VKf ~i 
 
 MONROE. 
 
 789 
 
 rUv^i^ 
 
 James, Jr., removed to Ekjuia. Thomas had a son 
 Timothy, who resides at Turner's, and from him these 
 items and others have been obtained. The old home- 
 stead remained in the family for three generations, 
 and was finally sold by Thomas Galloway. 
 
 James Galloway, named as a path-master of district 
 No. 24 in 177o, was probably the first James men- 
 tioned above. 
 
 Elijah Green. In early times the Greens were on 
 the east side of Mombasha Pond. 
 
 Vincent Helms was chosen constable in 1775. The 
 name of Helmsburgh, given to a part of Monroe 
 south of Mombasha Lake and west of the south field, 
 undoubtedly indicates the place where the families of 
 that name lived before the Revolution. Thomas 
 Helms appears as security for Vincent Helms, consta- 
 ble, in 1775. If he was not the father of Vincent, 
 he was evidently a man of more property,, and consid- 
 ered "good" for the amount of money a constable 
 might chance to have in his possession. Phineas 
 Helms and Brewster Helms are also mentioned. 
 
 Jonathan Hallock lived near Highland Mills. His 
 father was one of the earliest settlers. Jonathan Hal- 
 lock, probably a son, was mentioned in 1799 as a 
 town officer of Monroe. 
 
 John Hanse was path-master in 1775 of district No. 
 45, Cornwall. He, or some one of the same name, 
 was also path-ma.ster of district No. 25, in Monroe, 
 twenty-four years later. 
 
 Samuel Knight. Knight's Mills were well known I 
 for many years. They had been owned for a time by 
 William Cock. They are in the hands of the Knight ! 
 family at the present time. Doubtless Samuel Knight 
 lived in that neighborhood. 
 
 Isaac Lamoreux and John Lamoreux are both 
 mentioned in the Cornwall records before the Revo- 
 lution, and the name is very frequent in the records | 
 of Monroe, commencing in 1799, — Peter Lamoreux, 
 Sr., and Jr., also Luke Lamoreux. 
 
 Henry Mapes lived near Monroe village, on the place 
 now owned by the heirs of Dr. Andrews. Benjamin 
 Mapes, Smith Mapes, and Bethuel Mapes are all men- 
 tioned before the Revolutionary war. Mr. Everett 
 Mapes, now of Turner's, does not connect these names 
 to his family line, but states that there were several 
 distinct families of this name. 
 
 Daniel Miller's homestead was in the vicinity of 
 Mombasha Pond, though either he or another of the 
 .same name lived also near Turner's Station. There 
 are also mentioned, in the Cornwall records before 
 the Revolution, Garret, John Jr., William Jr., Jona- 
 than, Philip, Aaron, John, James, Joshua (path- 
 master of district 26, 1775), Adam, Benjamin, Joseph, 
 Robert. 
 
 Joseph Patterson. This name is frequent in Mon- 
 roe, and probably the one named in the old records 
 lived here. 
 
 Jacob Parliaman was path-master of district No. 46 
 for Cornwall before the Revolution. 
 
 Edward Robbins lived in Smith's Clove before the 
 Revolution. 
 
 Andrew Stewart and Luther Stewart are named in 
 the early records. 
 
 Capt. Austin Smith was chosen a fence-viewer " for 
 Woodbury Clove," and assessor for district 5 in 1775. 
 
 Jonas Smith was path-master of district 33 in 1775. 
 
 Natlianiel Seeley, Sr. and Jr. One of them was 
 chosen in 1765 overseer of highways for a district 
 " from James Sears' to Satterly's Mill." Nathaniel 
 Seeley, of Smith's Clove, is mentioned in the ac- 
 counts of Claudius Smith as having been robbed.* 
 
 David Smith was a justice of the peace in 1765, and 
 the same year was an overseer of the highway " from 
 Gregory's to John Earle's, on the Clove road." Other 
 Smiths not named above, found in Cornwall records 
 prior to the Revolution, are Francis, Samuel (path- 
 master of district 22, 1775), James, Timothy Jr., Jo- 
 seph, Hans, Daniel, Elisha. 
 
 Julius Smith was overseer of the highway in 1765 
 "from his house to Carr's, and from his house to Dun- 
 bar's." 
 
 Hophni Smith was chosen a constable in 1765 "for 
 Smith's Clove," and also in 1775. He, or one of the 
 same name, was the first collector of Monroe, 1799. 
 
 Thomas Smith was overseer of highways in 1765 
 " from John Earle's to Caves." His name is on the 
 list of attorneys in 1770. 
 
 Wm. Thorn was a justice of the peace in 1770, and 
 lived at what is now Highland Mills. 
 
 Nicholas Townsend came from Long Island not long 
 before the Revolution and settled in Monroe, where 
 Stephen Smith now lives. The old house was built 
 of home-made brick manufactured on the spot, and 
 about twice the size of modern brick. The house now 
 standing is the same, only very much modernized. 
 Mr. Townsend had no sons. Three daughters were 
 Mrs. Jacob Cock, Mrs. Wm. Cock, and Mrs. James 
 Hallock. Miss Phebe, a daughter of Wm. Cock, 
 resides at Canterbury. 
 
 Tobias Weygant. He, or one of the same name, was 
 chosen a town officer of Monroe at the first town- 
 meeting, 1799. That meeting was held at the house 
 of John Weygant, and that was the place now owned 
 by Russell Liffert. John Weygant had one son, John 
 C; The children of the latter were Mrs. Charles F. 
 Ford, Mrs. Abram Weygant, Mrs. Banghart Weygant, 
 Mrs. Alfred Cooper, Mrs. Rachel McKelsey, Henry, 
 Benjamin, Frank. There was also a Tobias Weygant 
 in what is now Highlands at an early day. 
 
 James Wilkes, Sr. and Jr., are mentioned in the 
 Cornwall records prior to 1775 ; also Richard Wilkes. 
 
 In the following memorandum the location of a 
 part of the officers named at the first town-meeting is 
 given : 
 
 James D. Secor, the first town clerk, lived near the 
 present creamery on the Isaac Thompson place. A 
 
 * Tbe above may be properly io Blooming-Grove. 
 
790 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 son of Mr. Secor was a captain in the militia in 1812. 
 Jonathan Taylor, one of the first school commis- 
 sioners, lived near Highland Mills. Moses Cunning- 
 ham, one of the first assessors, lived at Greenwood 
 Iron-Works. The old homestead is still in the pos- 
 session of the family, and is owned by George Cun- 
 ningham. Obadiiih Cunningham, one of the first road 
 commissioners, probably lived at Greenwood Iron- 
 Works. Jonathan Hallock, school commissioner in 
 1799, lived near Highland Mills. Richard Wilkes, 
 school commissioner in 1799, lived near the Green- 
 wood Iron-Works. Hophni 8mith, collector in 1799, 
 lived at the north end of Mombasha Pond. Robert 
 Lamoreux, fence-viewer in 1799, probably lived in 
 the well-known neighborhood of the Lamoreux fam- 
 ily. Charles Cunningham lived also near the iron- 
 works at Greenwood. John Mapes lived west of 
 Monroe village, on the present Nathaniel Clark place. 
 John Mapes is said to have owned a mile square. 
 Amos Miller lived near the present George Fitzgerald 
 place. Jeremiah Trickey lived a mile from Turner's, 
 on the present Eunice Lewis farm. 
 
 Linus Rider lived on " the Ridge" west of High- 
 land Mills. Daniel Hallock lived at Highland Mills. 
 Patrick Ford lived near Woodbury Falls, on the 
 present place of Byron Ford, a descendant, the prop- 
 erty having remained in the family through four gen- 
 erations. David Ford was a son of Patrick Ford, and 
 the children of David Ford were Charles T., Benja- 
 min, John, Townsend, Henry, David, Jr., William, 
 Mrs. Peter B. Bush, Mrs. Charles Campbell, and Mrs. 
 Milton Pembleton. Charles T. Ford, Jr., a son of 
 Charles T., is the present popular proprietor of the 
 old Turner Hotel, at Turner's Station. Jesse Lamo- 
 reux was the father of Robert Lamoreux of later 
 times, and lived in the Dickerman neighborhood. 
 Solomon Earle lived on " the Ridge" near the High- 
 land mills. James Smith, Jr., lived in Dutch Hollow 
 valley near the Warwick line. Morris Pilgrim lived 
 about a mile west of Turner's, on the present place of 
 his daughter, Mrs. Arminda B. Townsend. James 
 Miller (3) lived near George Fitzgerald's place, at old 
 Monroe village. Henry Wood lived in Smith's Lower 
 Clove. Tobias Weygaut lived at Highland Mills. 
 Nathaniel Taylor lived south of Highland Mills ; 
 property still in the family. Adam Belcher lived at 
 Southfield, on the well-known Coffey place. Step hen 
 D avenp ort, an old Davenport place, was the ]>resent 
 Alexander Thompson ])lace, about a mile south of 
 Turner's. John Bull lived near Satterlytown. David 
 Rogers probably lived at Southfield. Isaac J. Lamo- 
 reux lived a mile east of Turner's. Jeremiah Trickey 
 lived at what was known as Turkeytown, southeast 
 of Turner's. James Cromwell lived about two miles 
 west of Monroe village, still known as the old Crom- 
 well place, on the borders of Round Pond. Richard 
 Woodhull lived on the present place of Mrs. Camp- 
 hell. Jonathan Hallock lived near Highland Mills. 
 His father was an early speaker in Friends' meetings. 
 
 Charles Webb was also a noted speaker. Robert Caton 
 ; lived at the Upper Smith's Clove, and was a member 
 of the Friends' meeting. 
 
 TORYISM IN MONROE. 
 No history of Monroe can be written without touch- 
 ing upon this subject. It has some unpleasant feat- 
 ures, because it is proper to admit, certainly after 
 the lapse of a century, that there were loyalists or 
 [ Tories who were good citizens, — men of integrity, men 
 whose personal character was above reproach, men 
 who honestly believed that the government of the 
 English crown was their lawful government ; that re- 
 sistance to it was rebellion, unqualified treason. Such 
 men scorned to take advantage of the state of war 
 for the purpose of neighborhood murder or of mis- 
 cellaneous robbery. In speaking of such men as 
 loyalists or Tories, no descendants need to blush for 
 their ancestors. Impartial history requires the truth 
 to be told, yet it is not right to unnecessarily decry 
 the honor or the sincerity of such men. Nevertheless, 
 there was a class of Tories, or men who used that name 
 as a cover to their proceedings, who became simply 
 highway robbers, taking advantage of the unsettled 
 state of the country to perpetrate their crimes. To 
 this class must evidently be assigned the Cow-Boys 
 of the Highlands, and perhaps no one of the towns 
 of Orange furnished more or better hiding-places for 
 these guerrillas than the town of Monroe. The story 
 of Claudius Smith is given in the General History. 
 
 AN UNL'SUAL CASE OF ARREST LONG AFTER THE 
 COMMISSION OF A CRIME. 
 
 In a newspaper of 1820 occurs the following article: 
 
 "Goshen, Sept. 4, 1820. 
 
 "On Thursday morning last, a man by the name of Gilhert Horton, 
 about forty-four years old, of the town of Monroe, was brougtit to Goshen 
 jail, charged with having committed a murder twenty yeirs tigo ! 
 
 " A great variety of particulars in relation to this affair are already in 
 circulation, and we deem it no infringement of the rights and privileges 
 of any of tlie parties concerned to publish the most correct statement we 
 have been able to collect. Our readers will expect it, we shall therefore 
 give it to them. 
 
 " In the year 1800, a man named Amos Wood, living at or near Butter 
 Hill, in the Highlands, died very suddenly : be was well in the evening 
 and in the morning was found dead. We do not learn tliat any suspicions 
 of mui-der were entertained at the time, or that the body underwent auy 
 examination. A report was prevalent that Ilorton had been intimate 
 with Mrs. Wood some time before Mr, Wood's death, but for the proof of 
 this we cannot vouch. It is, however, true that soon after the death of 
 Mr. Wood, Horton and Mrs. Wood lived together as man and wife. 
 
 "Some time after the death of Wood (how long we are unable to say) 
 circumstances were unfolded which caused Mrs. Wood to be apprehended 
 on charge of having murdered her husband. It was said she had been 
 to Newburgh or New Windsor, and procured arsenic with which she 
 poisoned him. She accordingly was arraigned at the Circuit Court in 
 this county, and after the district attorney had gone through with his 
 testimony, the presiding judge told him if he had nothing more to offer 
 against her she must be discharged, and she was accordingly set at lib- 
 erty. This woman has been dead several years. If our recollection is 
 correct, some suspicion was attached to Horton at the time as having had 
 a hand in the death of Mr. Wood, but he has never been apprehended for 
 it until now. 
 
 " About five or si.\ yeai-s ago Horton was apprehended in the town of 
 Monroe for breaking open and robbing a house or store in Sussex County, 
 N. J. He then appeared terrified at the idea of going to State prison, 
 and (as the story goes, but this he now denies) he called two of his 
 
MONliOE. 
 
 791 
 
 acquaintances aside and tolJ them he had been once to the State prison, 
 and that he hail rather be hung than go there again, at the same time 
 asserting that he aloue poisoned Wood. He then requested them to go 
 before a magistrate, qualify to his declaration, and have him apprehended 
 for murder. This was, however, declined. In what manner he got clear 
 of the robbery we are not informed; report states that he turned State's 
 evidence and exposed his accomplices, I)ut this he denies. 
 
 "It seems that Mr. Wood left a son, who has been absent from this part 
 of the country for several years, and soon after his return heard the con- 
 fession of Hortun. He immediately resolved to have him brought to 
 justice. Norton was accordingly apprelieuded, but made his escape. Mr. 
 Wood, however, resolutely pureiied Iiim, and sifter faithfully traversing 
 the mountains about a week, he discovered him near the mouth of his 
 subterranean hiding-place among the rocks. He was taken !iy surprise, 
 and had no opportunity to defend himself. Mr. Wood presented a gun to 
 his breast, telling him the moment he attempted to stir or make auy re- 
 sistance he would blow him through, whilst another person in his coni- 
 pauy secured his hands. He had in his hand a cane with a sword or 
 dagger in it, and a knife was found on him when he was brought to jail. 
 
 "Horton was convicted of manslaugliter, and went from this jail to 
 State prison, but was pardoned at the solicitation of his mother, when 
 his term had alwrnt half expired. The circumstances of this transaction 
 are briefly these : One James Mapes was deputized, or about to be depu- 
 tized, to arrest Horton on some legal process. Horton was determined 
 not to be arrested. He seized a chib and warned those who were around 
 him to stand off, but Mapes approaching lather too near received a blow 
 on his head wliich fractured his skull, and was considered the cause of 
 his death." 
 
 23. Robert Caton. 
 
 24. Peter Lamoreaux, Jr. 
 
 25. John Hans. 
 
 20. Luke Lamoreaux. 
 
 27. Isaac I. Lamoreaux. 
 
 28. George Warner. 
 20. James Cromwell. 
 
 IV.-ORGANIZATION. 
 
 This town was organized in 1799 under the name 
 of Chesekook, that being the name of the patent 
 upon the territory of which the town was located. 
 By an act of the Legislature passed April 2, 1801, the 
 name was changed to " Southfield." This was not 
 satisfactory, though it remained the name for several 
 years. April 6, 1808, another act was passed con- 
 ferring the name Monroe, — in honor, it is presumed, 
 of the distinguished statesman who afterwards be- 
 came President of the United States. 
 
 From the records of the town clerk's office Ave obtain 
 the following account of the organization ; 
 
 FIRST TOWN-MEETING. 
 
 "At an annual town-meeting held at the house of John Weygant, in 
 Smith's Lower Clove, by the freeholders and inhabitants of Chesekooks 
 on the first Tuesday in April, one thousand seven hundred and ninety- 
 nine; Justices Michael Hay and Moses C'un ningliam prese nt. 
 
 " James D. _Seco r. town clerk; Michael Hay, supervisor; Moses 
 Cunningham, Richard Woodhull, Isaac Hull, assessors; David Knowl- 
 ton, Moses Cunningham, poor-masters; Richard Woodhull, Obadiah 
 Cunnigham, Isaac Williams, commissioners of roads; Jonathan Taylor, 
 Jonathan Hallock, Henry Brewster, Richard Wilks, Isaac Slutt, com- 
 missioners of schools; Hophni Smith, Richard Wilks, collector's secu- 
 rity; Robert Lamoreaux, Henry Brewster, Charles Cunningham, Ben- 
 jamin Rose, John Mapes, John Rugeis, Amos Miller, Isaac Slutt, fence- 
 viewers ; John Weyant, Adam Belcher, Peter Lamoreaux, Ji., pound- 
 masters; Jeremiah Trickey, Tobias Weygant, Nathaniel Taylor, Jona- 
 than Hallock, constable's security. 
 
 " Path-masters for the town of Chesekooks, 1799: 
 
 No. 
 
 1. Stephen Davenport. 
 
 2. Amos Miller. 
 
 3. Peter Lamoreaux, Sr. 
 
 4. Benjamin Bennet. 
 
 5. David Rogers. 
 
 6. Blithael Weygant. 
 
 7. John Bull. 
 
 8. Jeremiah Trickey. 
 
 9. Jonathan Hallock. 
 
 10. William Trickey. 
 
 11. James Smith, Jr. 
 
 No. 
 
 12. Morris Pilgrim. 
 
 13. Daniel Kiiuwlton. 
 
 14. James Miller (3). 
 
 15. Henry Wood. 
 
 16. Hophni Smith. 
 
 17. Linus Rider. 
 
 18. Daniel Hallock. 
 
 19. Patrick Ford. 
 
 20. Jesse Lamoreaux. 
 2L Solomon Earle. 
 22. Richard Woodhull. 
 
 " Voted, ^200 for the use of the poor. 
 
 " Voti'd, No cattle to run in our commons except those that are in our 
 town. If any cattle be found in our commons that do not belong in our 
 town they are to be caiTied to pound and dealt with as those that tres- 
 pass on their neighbors. 
 
 " Voted, No rams to run from the 1st of September until the Ist of No- 
 vember ; and if they be found in any man's inclosed land they shall be 
 forfeited for the use of the poor. 
 
 " Voted, Ten dollars for a wolf head ; two dollars for a wild cat's head. 
 
 " Voted, Hogs to be commoners that are sufficiently yoked and ringed 
 in their snouts, and they are to be judged by the fence -viewers. 
 
 " Voted, Justices is to direct the size and form of the pouuds. 
 
 " Voted, This meeting is adjourned to the house of Charles Cunning- 
 ham the next ensuing meeting." 
 
 We take the following additional notes from the 
 town records. The first volume bears upon its first 
 i page the following order or request : 
 
 " We, the subscribers, do request James D. Secor to deliver the records 
 of the old town of Cornwall to James Roe, which he promises to deliver 
 to Jeremiah Clark, Jr., Town Clerk of the town of Cornwall. 
 (Signed) "Michael Hat, 
 
 "Selah Stronq, Supei-viaora. 
 "Anselm Helms, 
 '* Moses Cunningham, 
 " Dan Harrison, Overseers of the Poor. 
 "Feb.l7, ISlHD." 
 
 The question may arise whether this request was 
 complied with. The records mentioned are now 
 (1880) in the town clerk's office of Blooming-Grove 
 instead of Cornwall. 
 
 It would seem that the town which retained the 
 name after a division was entitled to keep the old 
 records, with or without an order. 
 
 A special town-meeting was deemed necessary soon 
 after the annual meeting, the record of which is as 
 follows : 
 
 " At a special town-meeting called by the inhabitants of Cheesecooks : 
 
 " Voted, That the laws respecting chattle from otlier towns at our last 
 town-meeting be confirmed with some amendments on this 11th day of 
 May, 1799. 
 
 " Voted, Any creatures driven or found in the town of Cheesecooks 
 that do not really and directly belong to an inhabitant of said town shall 
 be dealt with in extraordinary manner. 
 
 " Voted, That the sum of five shillings per head be paid to the driver of 
 chattle to the pound, one-half to go to the use of the poor and the other 
 half to the said driver or impounder, to be received from the sale of said 
 creatures according to the statute law in such casea of trespass. 
 
 " Voted, That James Webb be pound-master, and that a pound be built 
 contiguous to his residence. 
 
 '* Voted, That Eli Marvin be pound-master in the room of Charles 
 Cunningham." 
 
 This question of outside cattle seems to have been 
 a very important one, as another special meeting was 
 held within a month to further arrange for more strin- 
 gent rules and thorough protection. The fertile val- 
 leys of Monroe must have offered a strong temptation 
 to the cattle of other towns, and it cost quite an effort 
 to make owners or cattle, or both, understand the lo- 
 cation of the town lines. The following is the record 
 of the second special meeting: 
 
 "At a special town-meeting held by the inhabitants of the town of 
 Cheesecooks, held at the house of John Weygant, on the 4tli day of June, 
 1799. 
 
792 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 " Ist. Agreed by the majority and 
 
 " Voted, That any horned cattle of any other person not belonging to 
 the town of Cheesecooks shall not be comnionei-s in said town. 
 
 "2d. Voted, That any inhabitant of any other town who has drove 
 chattle into said town sliall have free liberty and toleration to drive 
 their chattle ont of the bounds of said town at any time between now 
 and the 12th day of June instant. 
 
 "3d. Voted, Any person or persons driving any chattle to any pound 
 which has been or shall he erected within said town, and delivering them 
 to the pound-master of said pound or pounds, said pei-son or persons so 
 driving and delivering to said pound-master, or pound-mastere receiving 
 them, the people of the town of Cheesecooks doth hereby bind them- 
 selves to defend them in all or every suit or suits which shall be brought 
 against any of said driver or drivers, pound-master or pound-masters as 
 aforesaid. 
 
 " 4th. Voted, That cattle so impounded shsill be dealt with according to 
 the law passed at our last town-meeting.'' 
 
 The first road survey recorded was under date of 
 Oct. lo, 1799, as follows: 
 
 " Beginning at the road between the hoxise of Isaac l-:imoreaux and 
 the house of the Widow Prindle, where there are two maple-trees marked, 
 and runs from thence near a peperage-tree marked standing near the 
 line of Lamoreaux and Jones' lots, and from thence along, as there are 
 saplings marked near the house of Moses Miller, to a white-oak sapling 
 marked near the line betwixt the lands of Jones and Henry Wood, and 
 from thence along the side hill, near Henry Wood's new house, on the 
 northwest side, to the land of Jonathan Taylor to a cliestnut sapling 
 marked, and from thence on the most convenient ground through the 
 commons till it intersects the main road near Nathaniel Taylor's house." 
 
 These road surveys mention so many names and 
 localities throwing light upon early settlement we 
 quote the second survey also : 
 
 "Beginning at a red-oak blazed sapling, where fomierly stood the 
 house called the Pendle House, on the road leading from James Webb^s 
 to Stirling furnace, on the land of said Webb, and from thence running 
 through said Webli's land to the south side of Mombasha Pond to the 
 land of Charles Webb ; and through the land of said Charles Webb, where 
 are trees and saplings blazed to a pair of bare a few rods northwest of 
 said Charles Webb's burn ; and from thence as is m"st direct to the land 
 formerly in possession of Paniel Miller, deceased, nuw in possession of 
 Capt. Abraham Miller; and from thence running the mi-t direct way 
 to a chestnut-tree blazed northwest of the barn now in the |i..s-cssion of 
 said Miller ; thence along the road commonly traveled by tlie ii'i^.stssors 
 of said farm towarils the stage road across the land formerly the piu|ii-rty 
 of Daniel Stiller, deceased, to a chestnut sapling and oak sapling marked 
 on the lands of John Nix ; thence across the lands of said Nix and the 
 lands of Vincent Compton as the trees are blazed to the stage road, 
 where there is a heap of stones a few rods southeast of the house of 
 Vincent Compton," 
 
 In 1803 it was voted to build pounds at Adam 
 Belcher's, Peter Lamoreaux's, John Weygant, Jr.'s, 
 and Jacob Mandeville's, and twenty-five dollars was 
 appropriated for building the four. 
 
 The same year SlOo was voted for building bridges, 
 provided they cannot be made a county charge. 
 
 Nov. 11, 1805, at a special town-meeting, John 
 Cofiey was chosen supervisor in the place of Moses 
 Cunningham. There is no reason assigned, biUSlr. 
 Cunningliamliad probably died in office. 
 
 The following have been the principal town officers 
 from 1799 to 1880: 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1799 ^ Michael Hay. James D. Secor. 
 
 1800-5 Moses Cunningbam. " " 
 
 1808-7 Jolin Coffe.v. " " 
 
 1808-13 Abrahaoi Letts. " " 
 
 1814 " " Abraham Secor. 
 
 1815 " *' James Weygant. 
 
 1816 John McGarrah. " 
 
 -1817 James Cromwell, Jr. John McGarrah. 
 
 1818-20 James Weygant. Jonas Ring. 
 
 Superrisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 18-21-26 James Weygant. Wm. Vail, Jr. 
 
 1827-29 Robert Fowler. " " 
 
 1830-31 Hudson McF;irland. " " 
 
 1832 Charles Tou'nsend. " " 
 
 1833 " " John McGarrah. 
 
 1834 Hudson McFarland. Wm. Vail, Jr. 
 
 18.36 " " T. G. Wilks. 
 
 1836 Lewis H. Roe. Stephen McDonald. 
 
 1837-a8 Hudson McFarland. 
 
 1839-41 " " Rensselaer McKelvey. 
 
 1842 *' " Morgan Shuit. 
 
 1643 " " Anthony D. Vail. 
 
 1844 " " Rensselaer McKelvey. 
 
 1845 " " George J. .\. Monell. 
 
 184G " " Charles Turner. 
 
 1847-48 " " Gmrge J. .\. Monell. 
 
 1849-61 Morgan Shuit. Alfred Cooper. 
 
 1852-53 " " William Seaman. 
 
 1854 " " Horace Swezey. 
 
 185.5-56 " " Job Mapes. 
 
 1857-59 " " Ananias B. Hulse. 
 
 1860-61 " " Charles S. Ostrander. 
 
 1862-63 " " Thomas R. Earle. 
 
 1864 Chauncey B. Knight. Cliauncey B. Newkirk. 
 
 1865 Morgan Shuit. Thomas R. Earle. 
 
 1866 " " G. 0. McKelvey. 
 
 1867-68 " " Charles S. Ostrander. 
 
 1869-72 " " Henry M. Morehouse. 
 
 1873-74 " " Henry V. Turner. 
 
 1875 '• " Thomas R. Earle. 
 
 1876 '• " Frank Williams. 
 
 1877 " " Charles T. Ford, Jr. 
 
 1878 " " Sanfciril S. Lewis. 
 
 1879-80 " " David M. Hollenbeck. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 1830, James Weygant; 1831, Samuel Webb; 1832, John McGarrah; 1833, 
 Miles Hughes; 1834, George Wilkes; 1835, James Weygant; 1836, 
 Peter Ball; 1S37, Miles Hughes; 1838, Thomas 'i. Wilkes; 1839, 
 James Weygant; 1840, Jlictiael Shnltz ; 1841, Joseph P.Andrews, 
 Peter Ball ; 1842. Elmore Earl ; 1843, Morgan Shuit ; 1.S44, Thomas 
 G. Wilkes ; 1845, Jose|>h R. Andrews, Archibald Campbell ; 1846, El- 
 more Earl; 1847, Morgan Shuit; 1848, Thomas G. Wilkes; 1849, 
 Peter V. Ball ; 1850, Elmore Earl ; 1851, Morgan Shuit; 1852, Thomas 
 G. Wilkes; 1K53, William Seaman ; 1854, Thomas C. B. Smith; 1855, 
 Morgan Shuit: 1856, Thomas G. Wilkes; 1867, William Seaman; 
 1858, Thomas C. B. Smith; 1859, Morgan Shuit; 1860, Thomas G. 
 Wilkes; 1861, William Seaman; 1S62, Thomas C. B. Smith; 1863, 
 Morgan Shuit, Henry Ford ; 1864, Tliomas B. Earl, 3 years, George K. 
 Smith, 4 years; 1865, William Seaman ; 1866, Thomas C. B. Smith; 
 1867, Morgan Shuit ; 1868, Charles T. Ford ; 1869, William Seaman ; 
 1S7U, Thomas R. Earle; 1871, Morgan Shuit; 1872, John S. Ford; 
 1S73, William Seaman; 1874, Joseph Rake; 1876, Morgan Shuit; 
 1876, John S. Ford, Edward H. Seaman; 1877, Ananias B. Hulse; 
 1878, .Joseph Rake; 1879, John G. Earle, John S. Ford; 1880, John 
 S. Tord. 
 
 THE THREE TOWNS. 
 
 Town or Highlands. — This must not in any 
 manner be confounded with the jiresent town of High- 
 lands, which was erected in 1872 out of the territory 
 of Cornwall. The Monroe Highlands was entirely a 
 different organization. In the year 1863, for divers 
 and sundry rea,sons supposed to be sufficient by the 
 friends of the movement, an effort was instituted to 
 divide the town of Monroe into three towns. The 
 maps were duly made, petitions drawn, and the propo- 
 sition laid before the board of supervisors of Orange 
 County at their annual meeting. The effort was suc- 
 cessful, and the board passed an act in due form, 
 erecting out of the former territory of Monroe High- 
 lands in the north, Monroe in the centre, and South- 
 field in the south. 
 
 The first town-meeting for Highlands was held at 
 the house of Selah L. Lefferts, at about the usual 
 time of town-meetings, in March, 186-4. Smith Wey- 
 gant presided, and the following town officers chosen. 
 If this record is not precisely definite and accurate. 
 
MONKOE. 
 
 793 
 
 it is a sufficient explanation that the records are 
 not officially preserved, and the proceedings, as here 
 detailed, are given on the recollections of various 
 citizens, who are doubtless in the main correct, 
 sustained also by memoranda in possession of Mr. 
 Thomas Earle : Supervisor, Morgan Shuit ;* Town 
 Olerk, Isaac L. Noxon ; Justices of the Peace, Mor- 
 gan Shuit, Charles Lewis, Archibald Campbell ; Over- 
 seers of the Poor, Daniel M. Lamoreux, John Wines; 
 Inspectors of Election, Theodore Weyant, Alexander 
 Campbell, Aaron H. Taylor; Assessors, Henry Thorn, 
 James Wilkes, Samuel H. Brown ; Constables, Syl- 
 vester R. Tuthill, Charles H. Earle. 
 
 The following path-masters were appointed for dis- 
 tricts numbered in the order of the names: George F. 
 Wilkes, Josiah Webb, Isaac Rider, William Shuit, 
 Horace Hullson, James M. Ball, Charles T. Ford, 
 Joshua T. Cromwell, King Rider, William H. Brooks, 
 John Brooks, Lorenzo D. Weygant, William O'Neil, 
 Gilbert Turner, John Coffey, Aaron Redner, Morgan 
 Shuit, Thomas B. Hallock, Thomas H. Bates, Jacob 
 Seaman, Charles Lewis, Charles Sutherland, Henry 
 Thorn, Amos W. Sutherland, William Walsh, Jesse 
 Brown, Isaac CJark, John Weygant, John Clark, Reu- 
 l)en Rice, James Weygant, Ebenezer Whitmarge, 
 Jacob Bailey, William Van Tassel, James H. Lewis, 
 John Ayres, James Miller. 
 
 Towx OF Monroe. — The meeting was held March 
 22, 1864, at the house of Thomas Smith. This was 
 the year of the division, when three towns had been 
 erected out of old Monroe, viz. : Monroe, Southfield, 
 and Highlands. Of course three town-meetings were 
 held and three full sets of town officers were chosen. 
 
 Supervisor, Chauncey B. Knight; Town Clerk, 
 Chauncey B. Newkirk ; Assessors, Ira Jenkins, for 
 three years; John K. Roe, for two years; Commis- 
 sioners of Highways, Sanford S. Lewis, two years; 
 George W. Thompson, one year; George Heaton, 
 thz'ee years; Overseers of the Poor, William J. Mc- 
 Elroy, Solomon W. Esray; Constables, Silas Gallo- 
 way, Isaac M. Shuit, Jacob L. Redner ; Inspectors of 
 Election, James Smith, Peter Ball, James H. Bertholf; 
 Justices of the Peace, Thomas R. Earle, three years; 
 George K. Smith, four years. • 
 
 The next town-meeting was to be held at Bayer's 
 Hall. The town board presiding at this meeting were 
 William Seaman, Thomas C. B. Smith, Elmore Earle, 
 and Thomas R. Earle. 
 
 It was voted to have three highway commissioners, 
 two overseers of the poor, and three constables ; to 
 have stone division fences four and one-half feet high, 
 and rail fences five feet high. A full set of forty-five 
 path-masters for the new town were appointed, in the 
 order of districts as their names are given : 
 
 William G. Knight, Thomas Caren, Henry Wood- 
 
 *■ In the arrangement thia veteran supervisor fell to Highlands, and it 
 seemed the only proper thiogto do*to have him represent the new town. 
 With bis long experience he could save this delicate young enterprise 
 from the perils that might environ it. 
 51 
 
 ruff, William V. Mapes, William Carpenter, Thomas 
 Smith, Alfred Carpenter, Wait Pearsall, James 
 Cromwell, Abram Tetts, George King, Peter Ball, 
 S. S. Bull, H. H. Lawrence, Samuel King, J. K. Roe, 
 S. Smith, W. J. McElroy, P. G. Lewis, G. H. Smith, 
 Charles Post, J. M. Webb, John Mosure, Stephen 
 Compton, Edward Jones, Thomas Lewis, A. S. Smith, 
 George S. Jacques, William Clark, Elmore Earl, Peter 
 Turner, Asahel Smith, T. C. B. Smith, J. R. Suther- 
 land, J. R. Rider, John McGarrah, Charles Turner, 
 Levi Hunter, J. H. Thompson, William R. Conklin, 
 James H. Bull, Walter Garretson, Peter Earle, James 
 Oldfield, Franklin Mapes. 
 
 Town of Southfield. — This town was organized 
 by a town-meeting held pursuant to this act, as in the 
 case of the other two towns. For some unexplained 
 reasons the records of the town are not preserved in 
 the office of the Monroe town clerk, as it would seem 
 they ought to have been, after the reconstruction took 
 place. The legality of this proceeding by officers 
 chosen at this town-meeting of Southfield, may even 
 yet be called in question, and yet there is no official 
 record preserved of their election. Josiah Patterson 
 was chosen supervisor, and represented Southfield in 
 the board of supervisors that year. Of course one 
 tax was levied and collected upon Southfield as a 
 town by itself 
 
 The Conclusion. — Those who were opposed to the 
 formation of these three towns petitioned the Legisla- 
 ture to reorganize the old town of Monroe. This 
 movement was successful. The new towns of High- 
 lands, Monroe, and Southfield were reunited by the 
 Legislature of 1865, and in time so that the annual 
 town-meeting in the spring of 1865 was for the whole 
 town. The most noted reminiscence of the affair was 
 that for some two years following there must have 
 been eight or nine justices of the peace in the recon- 
 structed town. 
 
 V.-VILLAGES. 
 MONROE 
 is a village having the same name as the town, situ- 
 ated on one of the head-waters of the Ramajjo, the 
 outlet of Round Pond. It is a station on the New 
 York, Lake Erie and Western Railway. 
 
 The present business of the village comprises three 
 hotels, — the Waubeck House, Theodore Mapes; one 
 by Martin Konnight ; and a third by another party. 
 There are stores by Theodore McGarrah and by Mon- 
 tanye & Co. ; a fancy store and millinery by Mrs. 
 Griffin ; a bakery by Nicholas Reed ; a drug-store by 
 Henry Mapes; a shoe-store by Edward C. Jones; 
 blacksmith-shops by David Redner, Solomon Fair- 
 child, Henry Rider, and a fourth by another proprie- 
 tor ; a feed-mill by Knight A Conklin; a grist-mill, 
 owned by C. B. Knight; carriage-making and under- 
 taking by Charles W. Mapes; also carriage-making 
 by Henry Huhn ; a hardware-store by J. H. Bertholf; 
 and harness-making by J. S. Gregory. 
 
794 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 WOODBURY FALLS 
 is a hamlet in the north part of the town, on Wood- 
 bury Creek, taking its name from the falls in that 
 stream, and formerly the seat of a furnace. The 
 creek is tlie outlet of Hazzard Lake. A post-office 
 was established here Aug. 11, 1874. Lewis A. Van 
 Cleft was appointed postmaster, and retains the office 
 at the present time. There is a store there, kept by the 
 postmaster, Lewis A. Van Cleft. 
 
 SEAMANVILLE 
 
 is about one mile east of Monroe village, on the Erie 
 Railway, and was formerly a station. There is now a 
 grist-mill and cider-works, operated by Charles Tur- 
 ner. This is an interesting point of early settlement, 
 and the location of the earliest Presbyterian meeting- 
 house, as shown in the valuable article, given else- 
 where, from the pen of the present pastor. 
 
 HIGHLAND MILLS POST-OFFICE. 
 
 This village has grown up around the mills estab- 
 lished at this point and mentioned elsewhere. It is 
 very near to Woodbury, and they might be supposed 
 to constitute only one village. It was formerly known 
 as Orange. Extensive mills were quite early erected 
 at this place. The Townsend tannery, established 
 many years ago, is now owned by J. T. Cromwell. 
 The Townsend Hour-mill of early times is still in the 
 same family, and owned by Charles H. Townsend, 
 operated by J. T. Cromwell. There is also a fish-line 
 factory near the depot by Henry Hall & Sons, and 
 two stores by J. T. Cromwell and Robert Pembletou. 
 The post-office was established at this place, under the 
 name of Orange, about 1828 or 18.30. It was located 
 on the old stage-route between New York and Albany. 
 Mr. Vail was postmaster " so long back as memory or 
 tradition goes" (says our informant). He was suc- 
 ceeded by Peter Lent about 1844 or 1845. A few 
 years later Morgan Shuit followed Mr. Lent, and held 
 the office until May 24, 1872, when C. H. Townsend, 
 the present incumbent, was appointed. There is a 
 shoe-store by James P. Lent. 
 
 CENTRAL VALLEY 
 is another of the small villages that have grown up 
 through various business enterprises in the valleys of 
 the Ramapo and of Woodbury Creek. It is the third 
 in order from the north line of the town. A post- 
 office was established here Dec. 27, 1871. Alfred 
 Cooper was appointed postmaster, and has held the 
 office until the present time. There is a store by 
 Alfred Cooper, and a carriage manufactory by Robert 
 F. Weyant. There is a public hall, known as Insti- 
 tute Hall, for meetings, lectures, etc. This place is a 
 noted summer resort. There is a boarding-house by 
 Isaac L. Noxon. The Cornell School and Boarding 
 Building is also there. There is also the Summit 
 Lake House, by Elisha Stockbridge, in the mountains 
 about two miles from Central Valley. 
 
 GREENWOOD LAKE. 
 
 A post-office was established under this name in 
 July, 1876. L. Y. Jenness was appointed postma-ster. 
 He resigned, and John B. Bradner was appointtjd, 
 Oct. 11, 1877, and retains the office at the present 
 time. This is a summer resort of note, and guests are 
 received by Lyden Y. Jenness, by the Brandon Housfe, 
 and by others. 
 
 TURNER'S 
 
 is a station on the Erie Railroad, next east or south- 
 east of Monroe. It has also a post-office. It was 
 formerly known as Centreville, from the fact of sev- 
 eral roads intersecting at that point, and considerable 
 business and local trade centring there. The village 
 has its present name in honor of Mr. Peter Turner, 
 a citizen who did much to advance the prosperity 
 and growth of the place, and to whose estate a large 
 portion of the business part of the place belonged. 
 The present business of Turner's consists of one 
 hotel by Charles Ford, formerly the well-known 
 Turner House, and a railroad eating-house by James 
 G. Turner; stores by Thomas R. Earl, James Cronon, 
 David M. Hollenbeck ; a grist-mill for custom-work, 
 run by Mr. Legg; blacksmith-shops by Jesse Sullivan 
 and by John Coffey, and carriage-making by John 
 Coffey. The large and handsome eating-room and 
 depot of the Erie Company, now in ruins, was built 
 by a firm (Peter Turner and Mr. Blaisdell, from Bos- 
 ton), and afterwards bought by the railway company. 
 It was burned the night before Christmas, in 1872. 
 It has never been rebuilt, and is now a picturesque 
 ruin, with trees growing up in it, the habitation of 
 sparrows, and only needs the clinging ivy to give it 
 the classic air of English scenery. 
 
 The grist-mill mentioned above was first established 
 just below the dam, on the north side, and a saw-mill 
 on the south side, at a very early day. John Earl 
 was the proprietor for many years, and afterwards 
 sold to Peter Turner. The latter erected the present 
 mill some distance below, the water being supplied 
 from the old pond through a race. 
 
 There was also in early times a forge at this place, 
 but long since given up. 
 
 QUEENSBOROUGH 
 is the rather ambitious name bestowed upon a neigh- 
 borhood lying in the valley of the southern branch 
 of Poplopen's Creek. There is some mining in this 
 vicinity, and an acid manufactory by Wm. Knight, 
 the acid being extracted from wood for coloring jjur- 
 poses. 
 
 GREENWOOD IRON-WORKS. 
 
 This name naturally attaches to the village which 
 has grown up in connection with the manufacturing 
 operations at this point. There is one store, kept here 
 by the company, and there is little other business ex- 
 cept as connected with the iron-woj'ks and carried 
 on by the company. » 
 
MONROE. 
 
 795 
 
 SOUTHFIELB 
 was the name of the locality of the "Southfield 
 Works" and the " Monroe Works." These enter- 
 prises are on the Raniapo River, somewhat south of 
 the centre of the town, and upon the Erie Railway. 
 They were established about 1805 or 1806 to make 
 pig-iron. The early proprietors were William Town- 
 send and Peter Townsend. Peter Townsend, a son of 
 the founder of the same name, has a summer resi- 
 dence at Southfield. There is a hotel, kept by John | 
 Speller; a shoddy manufactory, also by John Speller; 
 one store by Charles Patterson, a mile below the 
 works ; a store by John Speller; and a store by the 
 Southfield Iron Company. 
 
 There is a large summer boarding-house on the 
 well-known Coffey place. i 
 
 HELMSBURHH 
 
 is the name formerly bestowed upon a neighborhood 
 south of Mombasha Lake, and west of Southfield. It 
 is merely a rural mountain neighborhood, sometimes i 
 called Bramertown, with much fine scenery and ; 
 many secluded retreats. 
 
 AUGUSTA 
 is a station upon the Erie Railway in the south part 
 of the town, and the seat of the old Augusta Works. 
 These were founded just at the close of the Revolu- 
 tion, 1783-84, by Solomon Townsend, of the city of 
 New York, to make bar-iron and anchors. It was an 
 important enterprise, but was not permanently suc- 
 cessful. In later years the works passed to the owner- 
 ship of Peter Lorillard, who allowed them to remain 
 idle. 13,000 acres of land were attached to the works. 
 The hydraulic power is second only to that of Pater- 
 .son, N. J. 
 
 There is a perpendicular fall in the Ramapo of 
 twenty feet, and within half a mile below the stream 
 falls seventy-five feet more. The works have never 
 been rebuilt, and there is but little business at that 
 point, only one train calling each way daily. On 
 this old Augusta tract is the beautiful and renowned 
 Truxedo Lake. 
 
 EAGLE VALLEY 
 is a station upon the Erie Railway, in the extreme 
 southwestern angle of the town, and near the New 
 Jersey line. There is now one store there kept by J. T. 
 Pembleton. The place is about halfway from Sloats- 
 burgh to the Stirling Iron-Works. 
 
 OTHER LOCALITIES 
 
 of special name may be mentioned, as " Wild-Cat 
 Hollow," in the valley of the Indian Kill ; "Parker 
 Cabin Hollow," near Car Pond. The various mines, 
 " Scott Mines," " Cook Mines," " Stirling Mines," 
 " Bradley Mines,"" Forest of Dean Mines," " Dump," 
 "O'Neil Mines," "Mount Basha Mines," "Clove 
 Mine," " Beering Mines," " Redback Mines," " Craw- 
 ford Mines," " Coal Shier Mines," etc. 
 
 VI.-SCHOOLS. 
 
 But little information is at hand concerning the 
 schools before the Revolutionary war, nor for some 
 years following that period. Under the old law of 
 1795 the town elected school commissioners in 1799, 
 as shown in the records of the first town-meeting al- 
 ready given. In 1800 commissioners were also elected, 
 viz. : James D. Secor, Joseph Stevens, and Adam 
 Belcher. No further town action was taken under 
 this law. 
 
 At the town-meeting of 1813, in accordance with 
 the provisions of the new school act of 1813, .$200 was 
 appropriated for the support of schools, and commis- 
 sioners were chosen. This system continued until 
 1843, and during that period of thirty years the fol- 
 lowing persons served one or more years each in the 
 office of school commissioner: Elijah Randolph, 
 Joseph R. Andrews, Samuel Webb, James Cromwell, 
 Benjamin Cunningham, Michael Gough, .lohn Coffey, 
 Lewis H. Roe, Jonas King, Israel Green, George 
 Wilkes, William Vail, Jr., Stephen Griffin, Stephen 
 Coleman, Charles Townsend, John McGarrah. Mat- 
 thew B. Swezey, John Brooks, Jr., David W. McCuI- 
 loch, Alexander Galloway, Matthias C. Woodruff, 
 Ethan B. Carpenter, Gates W. McGarrah, John 
 Brooks, Jr., Archibald Campbell, David Mapes, 
 Smith Weygant, John Lament. 
 
 During the same period the following persons served 
 one or more years each as inspectors of common 
 schools : Joseph R. Andrews, Joseph Jeflerson, James 
 Cromwell, Jr., Peter Dean, Joseph Howgan, John 
 Coffey, George Wilkes, Elijah Randolph, William 
 Jackson, Elijah, Randall, Timothy Keys, Lewis H. 
 Roe, Michael Gough, Bryant Garrahan, John Mc- 
 Garrah, Samuel Van Duzer, Benjamin Cunningham, 
 Israel Green, William Vail, Jr., James Weygant, 
 John Brooks, .Ir., John Hazard, Stephen Griffin, 
 Matthew B. Swezey, George W. Gough, Charles 
 Townsend, Richard Murphy, David W. McCulloch, 
 Ethan B. Carpenter, Stephen McDonald, Michael 
 Dickerman, Nathan T. Thorn, Hiram S. Dains, 
 Thomas G. Wilkes, Smith Weygant, Joseph M. Shuit, 
 Charles F. Ford, Joshua T. Cromwell, James B. 
 Smith, Samuel Smith, James B. Smith, John K. 
 Smith, Roe C. Pilgrim, John C. Boyd, Jeremiah H. 
 Thompson. 
 
 The system of supervision by four superintendents 
 
 having succeeded the former method, the following 
 
 were the incumbents of that office in Monroe. Chosen 
 
 at annual elections: 1843-45, Morgan Shuit; 1846- 
 
 47, Archibald Campbell. Chosen at biennial elec- 
 
 j tions : 1848-56, Archibald Campbell. This system 
 
 1 was succeeded in June, 1856, by Assembly district 
 
 j commissioners, and management of the schools by 
 
 ! the town entirely ceased. 
 
 May 27,1813, the school commissioners divided the 
 I town into fourteen school districts. 
 ' There is a school report for 1819 in the town clerk's 
 
796 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 i' 
 
 office which shows something of the school sixty 
 years ago. 
 
 District No. 1 then had 80 children between five and 
 sixteen, and received of public money $1661 ; No. 2, 
 82 children and 11515 ; No. 4, 84 children and $1552 ; 
 No. 6, 104 children and $1917 ; No. 7, 137 children 
 and $2530 ; No. 8, 83 children and $1533 ; No. 9, 82 
 children and .$1515; No. 10, 45 children and $813; 
 No. 12, 45 children and $880; No. 11, 62 children 
 and $1147. 
 
 There is a classical school near Central Valley 
 known as Cornell Institute. It is a boarding- and 
 day-school for young ladies and gentlemen, David 
 Cornell, principal. 
 
 VII.-CHUKCHES. 
 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN CONGREGATION OF SMITH 
 
 CLOVE 
 
 was incorporated by a certificate executed Oct. 9, 
 1788. The paper was signed by Archibald Cunning- 
 ham and William Miller, Jr., deacons of the congre- 
 gation, and the trustees named in the instrument 
 were Archibald Cunningham, William Miller, Jr., 
 George Brown, Timothy Smith, Aaron Miller, and 
 Morris Pilgrim. 
 
 We are indebted to the courtesy of the pastor, D. 
 N. Freeland, for the following sketch of this church : 
 
 Provision was made for religious worship in this 
 vicinity by the proprietors of the Chesekook Patent 
 as early as 1735, when the lands conveyed by said 
 patent were surveyed by Charles Clinton, Esq. He 
 entered lot 24 of 160 acres as " a choice, good lot" 
 suitable for a parsonage. This is the land now occu- 
 pied by Peter Bush. As the whole region was stony 
 and less inviting than some other portions of the 
 county, population was slow in entering and taking 
 up the land, and when they entered they were poor 
 and unable to set up any institution beyond those of 
 the home. It was as late as 1783 before we read of 
 any minister of Christ turning his attention to this 
 region, and then Silas Constant, a licentiate under 
 the care of Morris Presbytery, came to Blooming- 
 Grove, and April 20th preached his first sermon at 
 Blooming-Grove. He was ordained May 29, 1784. 
 In his journal he mentions Smith's Clove, or Monroe, 
 as one of his preaching-stations. Probably as early 
 asi 1783 he visited the Clove. The first sermon he 
 delivered here was in the presence of a congregation 
 assembled in an orchard belonging to the Fowler 
 farm, and under an apjtle-tree which is still standing 
 and brings forth fruit in old age. The apple is large 
 and delicious, and is called the Presbyterian apple. 
 Thus it can be said of the church whose nucleus was 
 gathered there, " I raised thee up under the apple- 
 tree : there thy mother brought thee forth." It was 
 not long after the attention of the people was called 
 to the subject of religion they rose up to build. They 
 felt the need of a place of worship, and took steps 
 towards the rearing of a house of God. The land 
 
 was given by Daniel Miller, consisting of two acres, 
 situated in what was afterwards called Seamanville, 
 near the mill he owned there. Here a house of wor- 
 ship was erected in the midst of a grove of forest- 
 trees. It is a tradition well verified that the church 
 was raised the day that Elizabeth Clark, afterwards 
 wife of Stephen Bull, was born. The family Bible 
 records that "she was born 5th month, 28th day, 
 1783." 
 
 After the frame was raised and the building inclosed 
 the sturdy yeomen arrested their work, their funds 
 pi-obably having failed them, and for many years the 
 congregation sat upon the sills and girders while the 
 minister preached from the carpenter's bench. Still 
 there was no regularly organized congregation. In 
 1784 the Legislature passed an act granting liberty of 
 worship and regulating the organization of congrega- 
 tions. Under this act, on May 17, 1784, persons de- 
 siring to be incorporated into a church met at the 
 house of Mr. Bell, in tha Bakertown neighborhood. 
 The ministers officiating were Eev. Silas Constant 
 and Rev. Amzi Lewis, the latter pastor of the church 
 of Florida. It is recorded in Mr. Constant's journal ; 
 " After prayer and the necessary examination, and the 
 particular personal professions of union and Chris- 
 tian fellowship, proceeded to lead them into visible 
 covenant with each other in the presence of God and 
 before the world, and solemnly pronounce them a vis- 
 ible church of Christ. The church then took into con- 
 sideration the choice of deacons, and after solemn 
 exhortation and prayer, made choice of Archibald 
 Cunningham and William Miller, Jr., to fill that 
 office. They accepted. Thq church then agreed to 
 have a stated meeting monthly for business, conversa- 
 tion, and prayer." The names of some of the per- 
 sons who first composed the church are the following: 
 Archibald Cunningham and wife, William Miller, Jr., 
 and wife, John Miller and wife, Thos. Davenport and 
 wife, Samuel Hall and wife, James Lewis and wife, 
 Jane Bell, the wife of Timothy Smith, and the wife 
 of Alexander Archer. It was called the First Pres- 
 byterian Congregation of Cheesecocks.* 
 
 The records of the congregation are very meagre in 
 its early periods of existence, and the history has to 
 be constructed from fragments and traditions received 
 from varied sources. 
 
 The successor to Rev. Silas Constant was Rev. 
 David Baldwin, who served the church four years. 
 His wife died Sept. 16, 1800, in the fifty-sixth year of 
 her age. When his pastorate began and ended we 
 are unable to ascertain. 
 
 Dec. 25, 1801, the church was formally incorporated. 
 
 The first trustees were Samuel Gregory, Gilbert King, 
 
 Charles Webb, George Fowler, James Smith, and 
 
 Isaac Bull. 
 
 The third minister in the succession was probably 
 
 * FrequenOy so written in the records. The correct orthography is 
 Cfaesekook. 
 
MONROE. 
 
 797 
 
 Simeon R. Jones, who served this church, jointly with 
 that of Chester, from 1800 to 1804. He died March 
 13, 1857. 
 
 The fourtli minister was Rev. Howell Powell, a 
 Welshman. While he labored here the trustees met 
 for the purpose of procuring a convenient and com- 
 modious house and place for him to live in, and then 
 agreed to lease lot 24, of 150 acres, in Cheesecocks 
 Patent, to A. Gates White, said lease to be as durable 
 as wood grows and water runs, for the sum of one- 
 tenth part of a cent yearly if demanded ; the said 
 White to convey unto the said trustees by a warranty 
 deed the place he now lives on and occupies on the 
 east side of the stage road, containing about 58 acres 
 of land, and also to give to the said trustees £200 one 
 year without interest, then interest annually until 
 paid. This was the farm afterwards owned by John 
 Brooks where stands the Granite House. 
 
 The fifth minister who served this congregation was 
 Rev. Mr. Porter, of whom we have no records or tra- 
 dition except that he served them eighteen months. 
 
 The sixth was Rev. J. H. Thomas. He was or- 
 dained and installed at Chester, Oct. 12, 1814, where 
 he was engaged for three-quarters of his time. For 
 the remainder he served this congregation at least two 
 years. A few fragmentary minutes now come to hand. 
 They bear date of 1814 and 1815. One of these re- 
 cords a resolution that S. Hutchins be their second 
 deacon. Samuel Gregory was the first. 
 
 The seventh minister in order was Rev. Hosea Ball. 
 He was born at Townsend, Mass., studied theology 
 with Rev. Silas Constant, taken under care of West- 
 chester Presbytery, and came to Monroe, Oct. 20, 1818. 
 He was licensed April 11, 1821, and ordained the same 
 year. During Mr. Ball's labors the church was con- 
 siderably revived and increased in membership. 
 
 In 1819 a Sabbath-school was organized. About 
 this time the church lost its incorporation. Its charter 
 was renewed Jan. 23, 1822. William Vail, Jr., Sam- 
 uel Gregory, Andrew Vanraler, Samuel Webb, Lewis 
 H. Roe, and John McGarrah were chosen trustees. 
 Just previous to this time the church building wa.s 
 made more comfortable by introducing square pews, 
 pulpit, and gallery. 
 
 Rev. John White succeeded Mr. Ball, who ceased 
 his labors herein 1823; but returned to reside here 
 till 1876, when he died aged eighty-four years. Mr. 
 White seems to have succeeded in harmonizing the 
 people, laboring with them till Sept. 22, 1824, when 
 he returned to England. 
 
 About this time the glebe on the stage road was 
 exchanged for another piece of land containing some 
 35 acres, with a house situate east-northeast of the 
 present village, and was occupied by Rev. Mr. White 
 and other ministers. 
 
 Rev. John Boyd succeeded him, coming to Monroe 
 Aug. 26, 1826. June 2, 1828, the congregation re- 
 solved to transfer their ecclesiastical relation from the 
 Associated Presbytery of Westchester to the Presby- 
 
 tery of Hudson. This having been effected, the ses- 
 sion consisted of Elders Andrew Van Valu, Benjamin 
 C.Smith. In 1831, George Milton Newman and Sam- 
 uel V. Carpenter were elected elders. Rev. Mr- 
 [ Boyd served the church as their stated supply some 
 I eight or nine years, when increasing infirmities laid 
 him aside from active labors. He died Jan. 14, 1842, 
 aged eighty. 
 
 Rev. John Jay Thompson was his successor. His 
 first official record is dated Dec. 24, 18.36. During 
 his ministry a new manse was erected, and numerous 
 accessions were gathered to the church. He closed 
 his labors in this field in 1847, and died at Blooming- 
 burgh, N. Y., June 12, 1849. He was succeeded by 
 Rev. Daniel M. Freeland, a licentiate of the Presby- 
 tery of Philadelphia. He was invited to entertain a 
 call Nov. 16, 1847, and was ordained and installed 
 March 7, 1848. 
 
 A new church was erected and dedicated Feb. 15, 
 1853. The glebe was sold in 1867, and a new lot pur- 
 chased in the village and a manse erected upon it, 
 which was occupied in November, 1867. In May, 
 1873, a bell was presented to the church by Lewis H. 
 Roe, son of Genest M. Roe, M.D., an elder of this 
 church, and was hung in the belfry. The pastoral 
 relation between Mr. Freeland and the congregation 
 was dissolved by mutual consent Sept. 16, 1873, and 
 on the 18th of October a call was renewed for his 
 pastoral services, and May 15, 1874, he was rein- 
 stalled. During this pastorate the following have 
 filled the office of ruling elder, namely : Andrew 
 Van Valu, Genest M. Roe, John K. Roe, David 
 Smith, John Taylor, J. Warren Helm, Joseph W. 
 Youngs, Samuel C. Van Vliet, Jr. Of these the first 
 has held the office nearly seventy-five years, and has 
 reached his ninety-fourth year. Messrs. Taylor, 
 Youngs, and Van Vliet are the present acting Ses- 
 sion. The present trustees are Messrs. G. T. Smith, 
 Isaac Thompson, Horace B. Swezey, Joseph W. 
 Youngs, S. C. Van Vliet, Jr. Chauncey B. Knight, 
 the chairman, has recently been removed by death. 
 At the beginning of this pastorate there were 54 
 members, and during thirty-two years of labor the 
 additions have been 131, but removals and deaths 
 keep the membership at about 100. Through these 
 years of vicissitudes the congregation has been en- 
 abled to improve its buildings without incurring a 
 debt for any length of time, to decide important 
 issues without serious disagreement, to sustain the 
 institutions of the gospel, and aid by its contributions 
 many benevolent enterprises of the day. 
 
 FRIENDS' MEETINGS. 
 
 Joshua T. Cromwell furnishes the following items: 
 The Society of Friends have a meeting-house in Corn- 
 wall, built before 1788, and it was the only meeting- 
 house or church in the town till about 1825. Friends' 
 meeting-house in the town of Newburgh was built in 
 1795; the meeting-house at Smith's Clove, near High- 
 
798 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 land Mills, in Monroe, was built in 1799; and the one 
 near Monroe, in the town of Blooming-Grove, was 
 built in 1815. 
 
 After the separation of the society in 1828, part of 
 the society built a meeting-house noi'th of the village 
 of Canterbury, in Cornwall, and also a meeting-house 
 one and a half miles easterly of Highland Mills, in 
 Monroe. These are all now occupied by the society, 
 and are all the houses they have in the county. 
 Among the Friends at Cornwall in 1788-90, the more 
 prominent names were David Sands, Gardiner Earle, 
 William Titus, Nicholas Townsend, and Langford 
 Thorn. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL, CHURCH.® 
 The first Methodist Episcopal Church in Monroe 
 was organized and duly incorporated May 2, 1829. 
 The article of incorporation was executed by E. L. 
 Pelham and Francis Weygant. The first church 
 edifice was erected soon after at Highland Mills, and 
 the first board of trustees consisted of Rev. Francis 
 Weygant, Rev. Nathaniel Sackett, John D. Conklin, 
 Henry Wisner, Isaac Still, Benjamin Delamater, Elias 
 Fancher, Jabez Atwood, Andrew Shorter. Ten years 
 after, in 1839, a new society was organized in the vil- 
 lage of Monroe, and a certificate of incorporation ex- 
 ecuted by Thomas Newman and E. B. Carpenter. 
 The trustees chosen were Samuel Smith, Peter Ball, 
 Stephen Post, Jeremiah Knight, Isaac Coupton, John 
 King, Thomas D. Tannery. The church was erected 
 in 1841, during the pastorate of Revs. Eli Denniston 
 and Sylvester S. Strong. 
 
 The two churches until 1866 were united in one 
 charge, and were successively served by the following 
 ministers : Revs. John G. Smith, David Buck, A. C. 
 Fields, T. Newman, J. H. Hawkshurst, Jeremiah 
 Millard, David B. Turner, William Blake, Joel Croft, 
 M. M. Curtis, Uriah Messiter. In 1866 the charge 
 was divided, and Highland Mills and Monroe village 
 each became separate pastorates. Since then the 
 ministers appointed successively to the two charges 
 respectively have been as follows : Monroe village. 
 Revs. D. D. Gillespie, J. W. B. Wood, R. M. Roberts. 
 During the latter's pastorate a new church was erected 
 at Turner's, costing $4000, and added to the Monroe 
 charge. Mr. Roberts was succeeded by Rev. D. 
 McCartney, during whose incumbency the church 
 at Monroe was enlarged and entirely refurnished, 
 lecture- and class-rooms and tower built, and a bell 
 purchased, the whole costing over $5000. At the close 
 of Mr. McCartney's term of three years, Rev. Z. N. 
 Lewis was appointed to succeed him. He remained 
 two years, and was followed by the present pastor. 
 Rev. G. Hearn. 
 
 At Highland Mills the pastors successively ap- 
 pointed since 1866 are Revs. R. L. Shurter, R. L. 
 Roberts, J. W. B. Wood, J. H. Champion, E. E. 
 Pinney, W. Ostrander, the last being the present 
 
 * Prepared by the pastor of Monroe Church, Rev. G. Hearn. 
 
 pastor. The official members of the two churches 
 during the time included in the above statement 
 have been as follows : David Bull, Hiram Tuthill, 
 Matthew B. Swezey, Nathan Strong, Smith Weygant, 
 B. G. Tuthill, Peter Ball, John A. Boyce, John T. 
 Brown, Valentine Seaman, Dr. S. W. Esray, Samuel 
 Cooley, Walter Roberts, Charles T. Ford, Sr., Josiah 
 Stevens, H. H. Lawrence, Franklin Bull, Charles T. 
 Ford, Jr., and Elisha Stevens, each of whom have 
 filled one or more of the oflices of local preacher, ex- 
 horter, steward, class-leader, or Sunday-school super- 
 intendent, and many of them have died after having 
 served the church with great fidelity for many years. 
 
 In 1848 the Southfield Methodist Episcopal Church 
 at Monroe Works was organized and duly incorporated 
 by John P. Hermance and Robert Ashman. A church 
 edifice was erected the same year. The board of trus- 
 tees consisted of Robert Ashman, Hudson McFarlan, 
 Peter Townsend, Jr., Peter B. Bush, Charles T. Ford, 
 Michael Shultz, and Robert Ketchum. The church 
 has never been pastorall)' connected with the Jlonroe 
 charge, but has had ministers of its own successively 
 appointed down to the present time. It is at present 
 a part of the Sloatsburgh charge, of which Rev. 
 Nelson Brusie is pastor. 
 
 June 23, 1855, a Methodist Protestant society was or- 
 ganized at Salem, near the Little Long Pond, in the 
 town of Monroe. The proceedings were signed by 
 Rev. Joshua Burch and William Fitzgerald, a building 
 was erected, and the following trustees chosen : Albert 
 Roe, Charles Fitzgerald, Daniel Stevens, and Sylvan us 
 Roberts. The church is at present supplied by Rev. 
 Mr. Wetzel, and a flourishing union Sabbath-school 
 is connected with it. 
 
 The present estimated value of church property, 
 including parsonages, is as follows : Monroe village 
 and Turner's, $7000; Highland Mills, $5000; South- 
 field (no parsonage), $1000. Membership: Monroe 
 village and Turner's, 225; Highland Mills, 140; 
 Southfield, 50. 
 
 The present officers of the several churches are as 
 follows : 
 
 Monroe. — Trustees, Walter Roberts, John S. Bull, 
 H. H. Lawrence, John S. Gregory, James Smith, 
 Charles S. Strong, William Ball; Stewards, B. G. 
 Tuthill, F. Bull, H. H. Lawrence, Lester Gregory, 
 William Ball, T. B. Millspaugh, W. Roberts ; Leaders, 
 B. G. Tuthill, F. Bull, W. Roberts; Sabbath-school 
 Superintendent, Franklin Bull. 
 
 7\iraer's.— Trustees, J. T. Brown, C. T. Ford, Jr., 
 T. R. Earle, Peter B. Bush, Sanford S. Lewis, J. G. 
 Rider, Alfred Cooper; Stewards, C. T. Ford, Jr., 
 Sanford S. Lewis ; Leader, C. T. Ford, Jr. ; Sabbath- 
 school Superintendent, Archibald Millspaugh. 
 
 Southfield. — Trustees, Peter Townsend, J. S. Ford, 
 William McElroy, H. Fletcher, Gilbert Horton ; 
 Stewards, William McElroy, Gilbert Horton ; Leader, 
 Gilbert Horton ; Sunday-school Superintendent, Gil- 
 bert Horton. 
 
MONROE. 
 
 799 
 
 Highland Mills. — Trustees, Henry Hall, Sr., Charles 
 T. Ford, Sr., Henry Thorn, Stephen Dickens, Wil- 
 liam Birdsall, William Taylor, H. N. Green, Theodore 
 Weygant, J. H. Weygant ; Stewards, Charles T. 
 Ford, Sr., Benjamin Ford, Henry Thorn, William 
 Taylor, James W. Campbell, H. N. Green, Theodore 
 Weygant, N. C. Earle, George W. Green ; Sunday- 
 school Superintendent, James W. Campbell. 
 
 In 1879, Mrs. Elizabeth Bates purchased a building 
 at Central Valley, made the necessary alterations to 
 fit it for a place of worship, and donated it to the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. It is included in the 
 pastorate of Highland Mills. Its officers are as fol- 1 
 lows : 
 
 Trustees, R. F. Weygant, F. S. Weygant, I. L. 
 Noxon, James W. Campbell, George W. Green, Alfred 
 Cooper, Milton Pembleton ; Sunday-school Superin- 
 tendent, George W. Green. 
 
 .ST. JOHN'S FREE CHURCH (EPISCOPAL), GREEN- 
 WOOD, 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation July 13, 1863. 
 It was signed by the associated incorporators, viz. : 
 Robert P. Parrott, Peter P. Parrott, John Campbell, 
 John G. Davison, Robert M. F. Cole, William H. 
 Wilson, Charles Babcock. The pastor. Rev. Sagiuel 
 Moran, furnishes the following notes : 
 
 Church services were first held at Greenwood in 
 1852, and from that time until 18(52 missionaries held 
 regular worship. In November, 1862, the Rev. 
 Charles Babcock began to hold regular Sunday ser- 
 vices. In March, 1863, Greenwood was made a mis- 
 sionary station by the missionary committee of the 
 diocese, and the Rev. Mr. Babcock was appointed i 
 missionary. July 7, 1863, the corner-.stone of the I 
 church building was laid by the Rt. Rev. Horatio ; 
 Potter, D.D., LL.D., bishop of the diocese of New 
 York. During the summer and fall of 1866 the 
 parish school building was erected. The parish 
 school was opened Oct. 25, 1866. Mr. Babcock re- 
 signed the rectorship of the parish Oct. 11, 1871. He 
 was succeeded by the Rev. John F. Potter, who min- 
 istered here until Sept. 1, 1874. On Nov. 22, 1874, the 
 Rev. Samuel Moran took charge of the parish, but 
 was not elected as rector until March 29, 1875 ; and 
 on the same day was elected trustee to fill the vacancy 
 caused by the resignation of Mr. Potter. Mr. Moran 
 resigned the rectorship in February, 1876. Services 
 were continued regularly by the Rev. Mr. Whipple 
 and others. Mr. Moran was called in April, 1879, to 
 the position of officiating minister, and at the present 
 time of writing is in charge of the parish. Our Suu- 
 day services are very well attended, especially in the 
 summer-time. We have a Sunday-school numbering 
 50 scholars and 5 teachers. God has blessed the work 
 of the missionaries in these mountains, and many 
 people have been brought into the fold of Christ by 
 their faithful ministrations. At present the number 
 of communicants is about GO. 
 
 GRACE CHURCH.* 
 
 This church was incorporated under the free church 
 law, March 6, 1871, the incorporators being Charles 
 Babcock, Henry A. Dows, John G. Davison, N. D. 
 Woodhull, Charles Ford, and L. G. Tillotson. 
 
 The services of the Protestant Episcopal Church 
 were first held regularly in Monroe in the summer of 
 1868. The names of the original members of this 
 parish are John G. Davison, Mrs. Sarah A. Davison, 
 Miss Dora A. Davison, William G. Parks, Miss Mary 
 C. Parks, Miss Sarah Parks, Francis C. Couklin, Mrs. 
 Martha J. Couklin, Mrs. Mary Stockweather, Mrs. 
 Helen A. Clark, Miss Phebe A. Lewis, Charles Ford, 
 Mi-s. JIary C. Ford, Daniel Hawkins, Mrs. Louisa 
 Hawkins, Mrs. Catharine Beach, Mrs. Rebecca Eg- 
 linger, and John Beeres. 
 
 The church building wiis erected at the cost of 
 about $1600 in 1868 and 1869, and services have been 
 held in it from the latter year up to the present time. 
 It has sittings for about sixty persons, and there is 
 sufficient land attached to it to allow for the future 
 growth of the parish. In 1871 a tower was built, and 
 a bell was put in place. 
 
 This parish owes its existence to the faithful effiarts 
 of the Rev. Charles Babcock, formerly rector of St. 
 John's Church, Greenwood Iron-Works, now professor 
 of architecture in Cornell University. In the spring 
 of 1871, Mr. Babcock was succeeded in the charge of 
 the church at Monroe by the Rev. Henry A. Dows. 
 Mr. Dows was succeeded by the Rev. George A. 
 Chambers (at that time a candidate for holy orders) 
 in the fall of 1872, but resumed the rectorship on the 
 1st of October, 1874, continuing in charge up to the 
 present time. 
 
 There are two Sunday-schools in the parish, the 
 one holding its sessions in the church on Sunday 
 afternoons, and the other assembling on Sunday 
 mornings in the school-house at Satterlytown, about 
 two miles north of Monroe. The former Sunday- 
 school has been in existence since the early days of 
 the church, the latter for between three and four 
 years. The names of 46 children are on the rolls 
 of the two schools, with 8 teachers. Services have 
 been held nearly every summer during the last nine 
 years in the Seven Springs Mountain House, near 
 Monroe. 
 
 The board of trustees now consists of Charles Bab- 
 cock, F. C. Conklin, Charles Ford, and L. G. Tillot- 
 son. Two vacancies in the board have been caused 
 by resignations, and the president, Mr. Woodhull, has 
 lately died. There are now 28 communicants in the 
 parish. 
 
 VIII.-BURIAL-PLACES. 
 
 Commencing in the northern part of the town to 
 trace the places of burial, we notice first the cemetery 
 
 * By Rev. Henry A. Dows. 
 
800 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 at Highland Mills. This is probably fifty or sixty 
 years old. 
 
 There is also a burial-place a short distance east of 
 Monroe, near the line of the Erie Railroad, at Sea- 
 manville, at the site of the old Presbyterian church. 
 It is undoubtedly one of the oldest in the town. 
 
 Next should be mentioned the cemetery south of 
 Monroe village. This is a new enterprise, on the road 
 from Monroe to Turner's. 
 
 At Turner's village there is also a burial-place, 
 known as the McKelvey burial-ground. There are 
 also private burial-places on the farms of G. M. 
 Clark, Isaac H. Thompson, James Wilkes, and on 
 the DeWitt place. In other parts of the town are 
 private burial-places, — on the farms of Mieah Dick- 
 erman, Elizabeth Gigneaux, David Webb, near Mom- 
 basha Pond (considerably in use by the public), 
 Nathaniel Earle, and James Cromwell. 
 
 IX.— SOCIETIES, LIBRARIES, INCORPORA- 
 TIONS, Etc. 
 
 Although one of the earliest Masonic lodges in the 
 county was located in Monroe, there are no lodges of 
 Masons, Odd-Fellows, or other similar organizations 
 in town. There have been a number of temperance 
 societies from time to time doing something to mould 
 and develop public sentiment, but they have left little 
 or no material for the historian to glean. The same 
 remark may be made as to various church, missionary, 
 literary, or benevolent societies. 
 
 THE MONROE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 
 was founded Nov. 12, 1834. The trustees named in 
 the certificate were Matthias C. Woodruff', Ethan B. 
 Carpenter, Matthew B. Swezey, William Stewart, Jere- 
 miah Knight, Richard W. Woodhull, Hiram Tuthill, 
 John Brooks, Jr., and Gates W. McGarrah. This 
 seems to have been an attempt to establish a public 
 library at Monroe village, but there is little recollec- 
 tion of it remaining in that vicinity, and it is prob- 
 able the movement only attained vitality enough to 
 become incorporated. 
 
 THE FOREST OF DEAN IRON COMPANY 
 was incorporated by a certificate verified Nov. 25, 
 1864. The capital was stated at $1,500,000, divided 
 into shares of SlOO each. The parties named were 
 George H. Potts, Frederick A. Potts, Charles C. Al- 
 ger, Charles Alger, John Ten Broeck. 
 
 THE STIRLING IRON AND RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 filed their annual report Jan. 17, 1865. It was signed 
 by J. B. Moorhead, president, and O. D. T. Grant, 
 David Crawford, Jr., C. W. Durant, trustees. The 
 capital was reported $2,300,000. No part of the capi- 
 tal had been paid in money, but on the organization 
 of the company they purchased mines, manufactories, 
 and other property in Orange and Rockland Counties, 
 and issued therefor the entire capital stock. The 
 
 existing debt was reported at $953,121.58, for w^hich 
 the company held valid improvements. 
 
 THE FOREST OF DEAN IRON-ORE COMPANY 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation under date of 
 Oct. 12, 1865. The capital stock was fixed at $400,- 
 000, divided into 4000 shares of $100 each. The 
 principal place of business was declared to be the 
 town of Monroe. The trustees named for the first 
 year were Edward Beck, John A. Griswold, Albert 
 Town, and J. B. Brinsmade. The objects were stated 
 to be " mining of iron ores, preparing them for mar- 
 ket, and transporting, selling, and delivering the 
 same." This is a valuable enterprise, and large quan- 
 tities of ore are taken out. 
 
 THE GREENWOOD LAKE ASSOCIATION 
 
 executed a legal certificate of organization July 27, 
 1877. The trustees named were Cornelius Olcott, Al- 
 bert Daggett, Remington Vernon, Henry C. Cooke, 
 and Albert S. Roe. The objects of the association 
 were stated in the instrument as follows : 
 
 "The preservation, importation, breeding, and propagating of all 
 game, animals, birds, and fishes adapted to the climate; the affording 
 facilities for hunting, shooting, and fishing on the gronnds thereof by 
 the members of, or by persons licensed by said corporation; supplying the 
 spawn of fish or you iig fish, game, animals, or birds to other associations 
 or persons ; selling such surplus game, animals, birds, or fish as may 
 be killed, caught, or talien on its property ; cultivating forests, and pro- 
 Tiding its incorporation and others with an agreeable resort, with a re- 
 spectable hotel or club house, cottage houses, stables, and anything ne- 
 cessary or proper for such accommodations." 
 
 THE FARMERS' CREAMERY ASSOCIATION OF TUR- 
 NER'S 
 
 effected a legal organization Feb. 23, 1880. The first 
 trustees named were James Wilkes, George D. Peck- 
 ham, William J. Post, Joseph Rake, and Isaac H. 
 Thompson. The objects were declared to be as fol- 
 lows : " To make up or dispose of a surplus of milk 
 whenever there shall be a flush of milk, or whenever, 
 in the opinion of the trustees, it shall be for the inter- 
 est of the association to do so." The capital stock was 
 made to consist of $8000. This association began busi- 
 ness in the spring of 1879, but deferred their incorpo- 
 ration to the above date. It is said to be doing an 
 excellent business, the officers remaining the same at 
 the present writing as stated above. 
 
 THE PARROTT IRON COMPANY 
 
 was formedby a certificate verified June 28, 1880, and 
 recorded the same day in the office of the county 
 clerk. The objects are stated to be "mining and 
 selling of iron ore, limestone, or other minerals; the 
 manufacturing of pig-iron, iron, or steel ; and the 
 making of patent mineral wool." The capital stock 
 of said company was stated at $500,000, to be divided 
 into 5000 shares. The trustees named in the instru- 
 ment were Peter P. Parrott, Edward M. Parrott, Rich- 
 ard D. A. Parrott. 
 
 Ml 
 
MONROE. 
 
 801 
 
 X.-PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEKEST. 
 The numerous ponds mentioned under the liead of 
 Natural Features, the streams and mountain-gorges, 
 are many of them of rare interest. Besides tlie charms 
 of wild scenery, they are in many instances invested 
 with the attraction of early legends or romance. Here 
 were the hiding-places of Claudius Smith and his as- 
 sociates; the places where one or more men were 
 killed who fell victims to his malice ; or where some 
 upon his side perished by the hand of the avenging 
 freeman. The birth-place of Claudius is given by 
 local tradition, though the accounts difl'er somewhat. \ 
 The early mining operations and the forges of so j 
 ancient a date in some parts of the town are all mat- 
 ters worthy of note. 
 
 XI.-INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. 
 Monroe has considerable area favorable to agricul- 
 ture. Many valuable farms are found in the long 
 valley extending through the town from north to soutli. 
 Besides these arable lands there are many of the higher 
 lands adapted to pasturage. The production of milk 
 and dairy products generally makes in the aggregate 
 an amount of considerable importance. Statistics of 
 the agriculture are not given, because those of the last 
 census are now of so little value in showing present 
 conditions, and those of the new census will not be 
 compiled so as to be accessible to the people for one 
 or two years. The products of the forest — lumber, fire- 
 wood, hoop-poles, and timber — have formed an indus- 
 try of considerable value at times. Quite a portion of 
 the town is too mountainous and rocky to be available 
 in industrial pursuits of any kind. 
 
 STIRLING FURNACE. 
 This is on the outlet of ■ Stirling Pond, and 
 the oldest iron-works in the county, having been 
 in operation near one hundred and fifty years. 
 They were established by a London company, of 
 which Lord Stirling, of New Jersey, was a mem- 
 ber, and sold them the land, and hence the name. 
 The pond is in Monroe, but .the outlet soon runs into 
 Warwick, and therefore it is that the furnace depart- 
 ment is in that, and the anchor in the town of War- 
 wick. There are 20,000 acres of land attached to this 
 and the Southfield works, which supply them with iron 
 and coal. They are owned by the Messrs. Townsend. 
 At the early establishment of this furnace the charcoal 
 used was transported several miles on the backs of 
 horses from the mountains where it was burned, there 
 being no roads at the time. The furnace was first 
 erected by Ward & Colton in 1751, the forge in 1752, 
 by Abel Noble, of Pennsylvania. The first anchor 
 made in the State was manufactured here in 1753. 
 Steel was first made here in 1776 by the late Peter 
 Townsend, the grandfather of the younger Peter Town- 
 send.* In 1810 his son., Peter Towxisend, made blister- 
 
 * See Biographical Slietch, p,805. 
 
 steel. After Fort Montgomery was taken, and the 
 chain which was passed across the river there broken 
 by the English ships which then ascended the river 
 and burnt Kingston, the government still thinking 
 that the river could be obstructed by a chain, sent Mr. 
 Pickering, then secretary of war, to consult Mr. Town- 
 send on the subject. When matters were agreed upon, 
 they left Gray Court on Sunday in the midst of a vio- 
 lent snow-storm to go to New Windsor, and from there 
 to West Point, to inspect the locality and fix the points 
 from which and to which the chain was to be extended. 
 The links were made of bar-iron, near two inches 
 square, each weighing from 140 to 1.50 pounds. The 
 whole chain weighed 186 tons, and was made and de- 
 livered in six weeks. The fires of the furnace were 
 not extinguished in that time. The iron was made of 
 equal parts of Stirling and Long Mine ores. The 
 chain was made in pieces, thus : ten links were fast- 
 ened together in the usual manner at the forge, and 
 the eleventh link left open at one end like an ox-bow, 
 with holes through the ends for a bolt to unite that 
 link with the next one. These composed one load, 
 which was taken to New Windsor by oxen and carts, 
 where they were put together. Some of the links 
 are preserved at West Point. It was stretched from 
 the north side of the Point, on the west side, to Con- 
 stitution Island, on the east side of the river.f 
 
 FOREST OF DEAN FURNACE. 
 This was on the Forest of Dean Creek, and on a 
 patent of that name five miles west from Fort Mont- 
 gomery and on a bed of iron ore. This furnace was 
 an old affair, founded before the Revolution. Mr. 
 Eager relates that when Fort Montgomery was taken, 
 in 1777, this furnace made 21 blasts, and the fires were 
 not lit up afterwards. It was apprehended that the 
 close proximity of the English would make the works 
 too hot even for the casting of pig-iron, and the owners 
 extinguished the fires. No works under this name 
 are now in operation. 
 
 QUEENSBOROUGH FURNACE. 
 This was in the northeast angle of the town, at the 
 junction of Queensborough and Forest of Dean Creeks, 
 two and a half miles southwest from Fort Montgomery. 
 It was erected to make pig-iron. The works were sus- 
 pended about the time of the war of 1812. No works 
 under this name are now in operation. 
 
 THE GREENWOOD FURNACE. 
 This is in the central part of the town, on the out- 
 let of Slaughter's Pond, near the Ramapo. It was 
 originally called Orange Furnace, and was established 
 in 1811-12 by the Messrs. Cunningham to make pig- 
 iron. Mr. R. P. Parrot was a subsequent owner. It 
 is now owned by Mr. P. P. Parrot. The buildings 
 are rather picturesquely situated in a sheltered nook 
 among the hills. 
 
 t See General History ; also, Buynton'e History of West Point. 
 
802 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 THE MONROE SAW-FACTORY 
 
 was erected during the war of 1812 to manufacture 
 nails, and also saw-mill saws. The early proprietors 
 were Messrs. McCoun, Daniel Jackson, and William 
 Jackson. It was located near the present place of 
 Charles Patterson, at the junction of Truxedo Creek 
 with the Eamapo. The old huildings stood within 
 the memory of some now living, but have been idle 
 for seventy-five years jjrobably. 
 
 MONROE WORKS. 
 The mills at this point date back to 1808. They 
 were erected by a firm consisting of J. Blackwell and 
 Hudson McFarland. The establishment was well 
 equipped at an early day, having two trip-hammers, 
 and manufacturing hoop- and sheet-iron, nails, 
 shovels, spades, etc. The works under this name are 
 now in operation. 
 
 HOUGHTON FARM. 
 Among the noted places in Monroe should be men- 
 tioned the stock farm and country-seat of Lawson 
 Valentine. A successful business man from New 
 York, he exhibited excellent judgment in the selec- 
 tion of a rural home. He purchased a valuable farm 
 in a valley southeast of Mountainville. This estate 
 he has improved in various ways. The grounds 
 around the family residence are laid out with taste. 
 The farm lots have been arranged in convenient form. 
 His barns are models of convenience and comfort. 
 Here he keeps some of the best stock in the country. 
 In this delightful retreat he entertains his friends, and 
 courteously shows to visitors the valuable stock in 
 his yards and fields. He hiis been fortunate, too, 
 in securing so good a farm so near to rough moun- 
 tain scenery. Near him are the Highlands, with 
 their pure air, their fairy legends, and their historical 
 associations. A short distance to the west are the 
 Schunemunk Mountains, upon the northernmost 
 height of which stood the castle of Maringamus, the 
 Indian chief. From thence the piercing gaze of the 
 aboriginal warriors looked down upon these fair val- 
 leys. By an easy drive from Mr. Valentine's place. 
 West Point is reached, with its varied attractions. 
 With a station near, upon the Newburgh Branch of 
 the Erie (Short-Cut), he can quickly reach the city, 
 and by the same route finds ready facilities for ship- 
 ment to and from his farm. In the hot season he 
 often camps out on the cool, breezy heights near, and 
 enjoys all the delights of summer retreats close to his 
 own door. Surely one can imagine few situations 
 combining so many of the pleasures of rural life. 
 
 XII. -MILITARY. 
 So far as the citizens of Monroe were engaged in 
 the war of the Revolution their names will doubtless j 
 be found in the various muster-rolls and other docu- \ 
 ments given in this volume. Of the war of 1812, the i 
 Mexican war, and modern Indian wars, there are no ' 
 
 documents showing whether any, and if any, how 
 many, of the sons of Monroe were engaged in them. 
 It was reserved for the great struggle of 1861-65 to 
 develop the patriotism of these mountain neighbor- 
 hoods. The sacrifices then made form an honorable 
 chapter in the history of the town. 
 
 OFFICIAL ACTION, WAR OF 1861-65. 
 
 A special town-meeting was held Aug. 20, 1864, at 
 Bayer's Hall, in the village of Monroe. I. C. Boyd 
 was elected chairman. A committee of five was ap- 
 pointed to draft resolutions, viz., James Turner, C. B. 
 Knight, George Thompson, A. P. Hulse, George K. 
 Smith. At an adjourned afternoon session the com- 
 mittee reported a series of resolutions, which were 
 adopted, 115 to 4. 
 
 They provided for raising the sum of $28,000, or so 
 much thereof as might be necessary for the purpose 
 of paying bounties. They authorized the payment 
 of $600 bounty to each volunteer for three years, or 
 to each person who might furnish a substitute for 
 three years ; $500 for two years ; $400 for one year ; 
 and the town l)oard were vested with discretion to in- 
 crease the sum for three years' men to $800. The 
 town board were fully authorized to issue the neces- 
 sary bonds for raising the money in the name of the 
 town, at seven jier cent, per annum, payable, princi- 
 pal and interest, on the 1st of February, — that is, 
 $3000 of principal each year, commencing in 1866. 
 
 Hand-money was voted to any person procuring 
 volunteers at the rate of $50 for each three years' man, 
 $30 for each two years' man, and $20 for each one 
 year man. 
 
 The quota by the provost-marshal seems to have 
 been made out on the old town of Monroe, as it was 
 voted to attempt to secure a separate statement of the 
 quota, and if not successful to confer with the officers 
 of Highlands and Southfield, and to adopt some joint 
 plan of action. 
 
 Another special meeting was held Aug. 30, 1864, 
 A. P. Hulse, chairman, and it was unanimously voted 
 to make the sum voted before $34,000 instead of 
 $28,000, and the town oflicers were voted full au- 
 thority as to the amount of bounty to be paid, and the 
 steps necessary to be taken. 
 
 Another special meeting was held Jan. 28, 1865, 
 at which William Seaman presided, and a tax of 
 .$20,000 was authorized for the ]iayment of bounties, 
 and full discretion voted to the town board as to the 
 amount of bounty to be paid, and the means and 
 methods to be adopted to fill the quota required of the 
 town. 
 
 About this time the towns of Highlands and South- 
 field took similar action, both in 1864 and 1865. 
 
 After the three towns were consolidated again, the 
 bonds issued by each were assumed by the recon- 
 structed town of Monroe, and there is on record the 
 following statement of the amounts raised and bonds 
 issued by the three towns : 
 
MONROE. 
 
 803 
 
 Monroe $22,578.00 
 
 Southfield 31,:H3.62 
 
 Highlands 17,700.00 
 
 $71,618.62 
 Bepaid by State 33,500.00 
 
 $38,118.62 
 The enlistments in the town prior to July, 1862, are said to have 
 
 lieeii iti number 4-3 
 
 Quota under calls of 1862 123— credited 123 
 
 " " draft of 1863 70 
 
 " " " of October, 1803 58 
 
 " " call of July, 1864 84 
 
 " consolidated underal! calls to July, 1864 112 " 91 
 
 " under call of July, 1804 33 " 35 
 
 ' of Dec. 19, 1864 : 
 
 Highlands 14 
 
 Southfleld 20 
 
 Monroe 14—48 " 48 
 
 Total 316 340 
 
 On settlement with the paymaster-general in 1865 
 the town was allowed : 
 
 For excess of 44 years $8,800 
 
 " volunteers^ bounties .*. 24,700 
 
 Total 833,600 
 
 The following list is prepared fioiu the printed 
 muster-in rolls of the State, and from the roll written 
 up by the town clerk of 186.5. All that can be ob- 
 tained from those sources, as well as from others, is 
 here given : 
 
 SOLDIERS' LIST, WAR OF 1861-65. 
 
 James C. Anderson, 15th Art.; eul. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 
 Robert Ashmun, Co. A, 124th ; enl, Aug, 12, 1862; wounded at SpottJiyl- 
 vania. May 12, 1864 ; must, out by G. 0. 77. 
 
 Michael W, Becroft, enl. Aug. 1, 1861; disch. for disability. 
 
 Amherst W. Belcher, 15th Art. ; enl. Jan. 25, 1864. 
 
 James Black, 15th Art. ; enl. Jan. 26, 1864. 
 
 John Burke, 16th Art.; enl. Jan. 26, 1864. 
 
 Charles Benjamin, Co. G, 124th ; died since the war. 
 
 David T. Barnes, Co. B, 124th. 
 
 Henry Barnes, eid. in a New Jersey regiment. 
 
 Charles Babcock, Co. B, 124th. 
 
 Daniel Babcock, wounded in the battle of the Wilderness, and in hos- 
 pital. 
 
 William Belcher. 
 
 Matthew Babcock, Co. B, 124th. 
 
 Walter Bal>cock, disch. for disability, and died soon after reaching home. 
 
 Dennis Burus. 
 
 David Babcock. 
 
 John Hlakely, Co. A,60th; enl. Aug. 31, 1861 ; died in Imspital, May, 1865. 
 
 Charles A. Beams, Co. D, 146th ; enl, June 6. 1864. 
 
 Horace li. Ball, 3d Art.; enl. September, 1864. 
 
 Jonathan T. Birdsall, Co. A, 124th ; enl. Aug. 2, 1862; killed while sit- 
 ting in his tent, Oct. 22, 1864, 
 
 Dubois B. Becroft, enl. July, 1861 ; re-enl. spring of 1861, and killed be- 
 fore Richmond in September, 1804; buried on the field. 
 
 James H. Barnes, Co. C, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; wounded in battle of 
 Clmncclloraville, and died in hospital ; credited to Cornwall. 
 
 Joseph W. Blakney, enl. Oct. 7, 1861 ; killed in second battle of Bull 
 Run, Aug. 30, 1862. 
 
 Abraham Beams, 124th ; enl. September, 1862 : died of sickness at Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 Andrew J. Babcock, 166th ; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; killed at Winchester, 
 Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
 Thomas H. Benton Brooks, 2d lieut. ; pro. capt.. Engineer Corps. 
 
 Thompson W. Benjamin, capt., 111th Inf.; com. October, 1862; pro. 
 lieut. -col. 
 
 .lames Bush, Co. A, 56th ; enl. August, 1861; re-enlisted. 
 
 Elisha B. Benjamin, Co. B, 124th ; enl. 1862; pro. Corp.; died of small- 
 pox at Washington, Jan. 28, 1864. 
 
 Peter Babcock. 
 
 James L. Benjamin, 18th ; enl. April, 1801 ; served out his time, and re- 
 enl. in cavalry. 
 
 James H. Chambors, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Oct. 30, 1862. 
 
 Josiah Cooper, Co. D, 176th; enl. Sept. 16, 1862. 
 
 Thomas A. Clark, 15th Art. ; enl. Jan. 20. 1863. 
 
 Harry Conklin. 
 
 Robert Conklin, 18th ; enl. April 29, 1861. 
 
 Martin Conklin, corp., 56th; enl. Aug. 10, 1861 ; disch. for disability; 
 
 re-enl. 170th, and served out full time. 
 Sanniel Conklin, Co. A, 124th ; enl. September, 1802 ; disch. for disability 
 
 Feb. 2, 1864. 
 Jones J. Conklin, Co. H, 40th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1801 ; disch. Aug. 20, 1864, 
 
 expiration of time. 
 Lorenzo Conklin, 95th ; died in the service. 
 
 John H. Conklin, Co. A, 124th; enl. Aug. 7, 1862; died at Fredericks- 
 burg, Jan. 14, 1803. 
 Wm. H. Campbell, Co. G, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; pro. sergt., Nov. 15, 
 
 1863; disch. June 13, 1865. 
 Lewis Cohen, 176th ; enl. August, 1863. 
 Moses S. Clark, Co. B, 124th ; enl. August, 1S62. 
 James Coleman, 176th ; enl. October, 1863. 
 George W. Coleman, 124th ; eul. Oct. 24, 1863 ; trans, to 176th. 
 .Tames II. Cronk (possibly Crowell), Co. D, 50th ; enl. August, 1861. 
 Joseph Cull, 56th ; enl. 1801 ; lost his right arm. 
 James L. Corey, Co. D, SOtli ; enl. 1861 ; had an arm crushed. 
 Wesley Cooper, died in the service. 
 Charles C. Cunningham. 
 
 Wm. H. Decker, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug, 5, 1802. 
 Peter A. Dolaud, 56lh ; enl. March, 1862 ; died of sickness at Beaufort, 
 
 S. C. 
 Thomas Degraw, 18th ; enl. August, 1863. 
 James Dunn, enl. from Warwick. 
 Wm. A. Ellison, 18th. 
 Charles E. Ellison, 56th; eid. Aug. 16, 1861 ; died of sickness at Morris 
 
 Island, Jan. 12, 1865. 
 James Florence, enl. in Rockland County. 
 
 Benjamin F. Flagg, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; killed at Gettys- 
 burg, and buried on the battle-field. 
 Henry F, Finegan, enl, Feb, 22, 1864, 
 Wm. A, FaTiuiug, 81st; enl. Febniary, 1805. 
 Henry Garrison, 15th Art. ; enl. Jati. 2-1, 1864. 
 Frank M. Green, 15tb Art.; eul. Jan. 26, 1864. 
 Wm. H. Green, re-enl. in Kings County. 
 Joseph Gordon, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug, 12, 1862. 
 
 Charles Golisba, Co, B, 124tli ; eul, spring of 1863; disch. June 19, 1865. 
 Josiah Garnson, 124th ; enl. August, 1862, 
 Edward G. Gibb, naval service. 
 
 Smith Galloway, 176th ; taken prisoner at Cedar Creek, 
 Silas Galloway, 15.id; eul, Sept, 1, 1862; waa on steamer " General Lyon," 
 burjjed off Cape Hatteras; was one of the twenty-nine saved out of 
 six hundred and twenty-three ; swam for three hours, 
 Peter Green, Co, C, 176th ; enl, Nov, 1, 1862 ; taken prisoner at Brazier 
 
 City. 
 John Green, Co. C, 170th ; eul, Nov, 3, 1802 ; tJiken ]nisoner at La 
 
 Fourche Crossing, 
 Sylvester Garretson, 18th; enl, April 20,1861; re-enl,; disch. Feb. 15, 
 
 1864, 
 Samuel Green, Co, B, 124th : enl. August, 1862; was absent from Oct. 
 
 19, 1862, to July 25, 1863 ; was trans, to 93d to serve out time. 
 Churlas Gallaher, 124th, 
 Wm, II, Gordon. 
 Ebenezor Helms. Co, C, 176th ; enl, Nov. 11, 1862 ; died in the service at 
 
 New Orleans, 
 Charles H, Halstead, Co. D, 176th ; enl. Oct. 9, 1802. 
 Joseph Helms, Co. C, 124th; enl, Aug, 11,1862, 
 Peters Hans, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 19, 1864. 
 Jacob Hogencamp, 176th. 
 George Henion, 18th. 
 j Benjamin Halsted, Co. C, 176th ; eul. September, 1862, 
 j William Hans, 66th ; enl, September, 1861 ; served his time out and re- 
 [ enlisted, 
 
 j Richard B, Hunter, Co, E, 56th ; enl, July 31, 1861, 
 Jacob Hans, enl, April 6, 1864. 
 
 Henry A. Hoffnuiu, 121th ; enl. Aug. 7, 1864 ; died of sickness in Virginia. 
 John Holmes, 179tb ; enl. Sept, 3, 1802, 
 Henry Hayden, 18th ; enl. May, 1861. 
 
 James Holms, Co. K, 124th ; enl, .Sept. 3, 1864 ; disch. June 16, 1865. 
 Wm. Hagan. 
 Clark Haven, a prisoner at Andersonvillo, having been captured in the 
 
 Wilderness, 
 George Hall, Samuel Hall, 
 
804 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Samuel Joues, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Sept 21, 1802. 
 
 George F. Jackson, Co. C, 176tl] ; enl. Sept. 20, 1862. 
 
 Henry H. Jenkins, loth Art. ; enl. Jan. 18, 1864. 
 
 Joseph Jefferson, re-enl. in the it-gular service after the war. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson, not mustered in. 
 
 Enos Jenkins, Co. A, 124th; enl. Aug. 12, 1862; must, out June 3, 1865. 
 
 Chauncey B. Jones, corp., Co. A, 124th ; enl. July 28, 1862 ; disih. for 
 disahility Oct. 4, 1862. 
 
 Theodore Kile, oGth. 
 
 John Kile, 5fith; enl. August, 1861. 
 
 Hiram Kelly, Co. F, G3d; enl. Sept. 1, 18G4. 
 
 Nelson Kelly, 86th. 
 
 James S. Kiles (Cyles on roll), Co. A, 124th ; enl. August, 1862 ; acciden- 
 tally wounded by oue of Iiis own company at Cbaucellorsville; leg 
 amputated ; died May 5, 1863. 
 
 Frederick R. Lamoreux, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 
 Samuel Lewis, Co. C, 124th; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 
 Thomas H. D. Lawrence, 18th. 
 
 Jacob Livingston. 
 
 Richard Lczear, corp., 18th; died at home soon after he was discharged, 
 
 James Lent, corp , 18th ; enl. September, 1863. 
 
 Joseph LaBuint, Ist Bat.; enl. April 24, 1863. 
 
 Francis LaBoint, 8th Mass. ; enl. July 7, 1864. 
 
 Alvy Lewis, 56th ; enl. Sept. 4, 1864. 
 
 Peter Lewis, Co. D, 126th ; enl. Sept. 13, 1802; taken prisoner. 
 
 James H. Lewis, Co. B, 56th; enl. July 31, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 16, 1865. 
 
 Frederick Lamoreux, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; died at Emerald 
 Hospital, Oct. 4, 1864. 
 
 Richard Lewis, Co. F, 63d ; enl. February, 1864 ; killed at Cold Harbor. 
 
 Jacob Lent, Co. A, 124th ; eul. Aug. 6, 1862 ; killed at Gettysburg, July 
 2, 1863. 
 
 Milton Lewis, Co. A, 56th ; eol. August, 1 861 ; died Sept. 27, 1864, of sick- 
 ness contracted in the army. 
 
 Amzi Lewis. Co. A, 124th ; enl. Aug. 2, 1862. 
 
 James Lynn, Co. B, 56tli ; enl, July, 1861 ; wounded ; disch. February, 
 1863. 
 
 Samuel Lozear, slightly wounded in the throat. 
 
 William Long. 
 
 James Lewis, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. 
 
 J. Land, Co. K, 176th; enl. October, 1862. 
 
 Samuel McKindrey, Co. C, 176th ; eul. Oct. 6, 18R2. 
 
 Milton Morgan, Co. C, 176th ; enl. Nov. 11, 1862. 
 
 James P. Molton, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 13, 1862. 
 
 Ahram Merritt, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 5, 1862. 
 
 James Murray, loth Art.; enl. Jan. 20, 1864. 
 
 George Miller, 
 
 Thomas Morgan, 124th. 
 
 John P. Morgan, Charles McMurtrey. 
 
 John McGrath, Co. A, 124tli ; enl. Feb. 4, 1864; wuunded in the Wilder- 
 ness ; trans, to y;id N. T., June 2, 1865. 
 
 James Morgan, teamster; enl. May, 1861. 
 
 James Morgan, Jr., artillery; enl. Feb. 9, 1864. 
 
 Joseph Morgan, Peter Merritt. 
 
 Daniel Morgan, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 6, 1862; credited to Chester. 
 
 Samuel Morse, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. 
 
 Charles McGovern. 
 
 James P. Moulton, Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug, 13, 1862 ; wounded at Spott- 
 sylvania, 
 
 James Matchison, 56th ; enl. Aug. 17, 1861. 
 
 Joshua Mead, 56th ; enl. Septembei, 1861. • 
 
 Abijah Mosure, 7th Art. ; enl. Feb. 9, 1864. 
 
 Henry D. Mapes, .'id Inf. ; enl. Aug. 14, 1861. 
 
 John McKelvey, Co. F, 120th; enl. 1862; a prisoner several months at 
 Salisbury. 
 
 John P. Maltom, 120th. 
 
 Charles McGroen, wounded in tlie Wilderness, and taken prisoner. 
 
 Westlake Morgan, Co. A, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862; wounded severely 
 at Gettysburg ; in hospital Aug. 25, 1864 ; must, out by Order 77. 
 
 James McGrath, Jr., Co. A, 124th; enl. 1862; wounded in the hand May 
 
 6, 1864; must, out with regt. 
 Abram Morgan. 
 
 William Nash, loth Art. ; enl. Jan. 26, 1864. 
 Jacob Newell, Co. C, 176tli ; taken prisoner, held 12 days. 
 William D. Nugent, George G. Nelson. 
 
 John B. Nash, Co. C, 4th ; enl. April 26, 1861 ; wounded ; pro. to capt. 
 
 John Noble, Co. D, 18th; enl. May 17, 1861; re-enl. November, 1864, 
 Engineer Corps. 
 
 John Nixon, Co. A, 124th ; enl. Aug. 4, 1862. 
 
 James Nixon, Co. A, 124th : enl. Aug. 6, 1862. 
 
 Jabez A. Odell, Co. A, 124th ; enl. Aug. 25, 1862 ; credited to Cornwall ; 
 
 residence. Buttermilk Falls; wounded in action Blay 12, 1864; must. 
 
 out with regt.; father, Vincent Odell, and brotliers, William and 
 
 Isaac, in service. 
 James Oakman. 
 James Odell, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; credited to Goshen ; nurse 
 
 at Second Corps Hospital from July 16, 1864. 
 William Point, Co. D, 176th ; enl. Jan. 8, 1862. 
 Nathan B. Potts, corp., Co. C, 124th ; enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; trans, to 1st U. S. 
 
 Eng. April 18, 1S63. 
 Albert A. Peck, eul. Sept. 11, 1862 ; died at Washington of sickness, Sep- 
 tember, 1864. 
 Joseph Pratt, Co. B, 124th ; enl. Sept, 5, 1862; wounded in head, slight, 
 
 Sept. 12, 1864 ; must, out with regt. 
 William Parliaman, loth Art.; enl. Feb. 10, 1864; taken prisoner in the 
 
 Wilderness, and died at Andorsonville. 
 Thomas Pratt, died at New Orleans. 
 Nathaniel Parliaman, Co. C, 124th; enl. Aug. 15, 1862. 
 James Plant. 
 
 Jacob S. Kedney, Co. D, 176th ; enl. Sept. 16, 1862. 
 James T. Rumsey, Co. D, 176th ; enl. Sept. 13, 1862. 
 John Riley, ITOth; disch. for partial blindness. 
 
 John H. Riley, 170th; enl. Aug. 12, 1862; wounded in the slioulder. 
 Samuel Rush, 56th; enl, July 31, 1861; died of fever Nov. 28, 1862, at 
 
 Centre Street Hospital, Newark, N. J. 
 Francis W. Rush, 56th ; enl. July 31, 1861 : left wounded on battle-field 
 
 of Beaufort, and never heard from. 
 Jeremiah \V. Rumsey, corp., 56th ; enl. November, 1862; died of disease 
 
 lit David's Island. 
 Jacob L. Redner, Co. D, 176th ; enl. Sept. 16, 1862; taken prisoner at 
 
 Thibodeaux, and held a few days. 
 James Rumsey, 176th ; enl. Sept. 13, 1862; pro. corp. and sergt. 
 Moses Rumsey, Co. B, 124th; eul. Dec. 24, 1863; tfans. to 93d to com- 
 plete term. 
 David Silsbury, Co. C, 176Hi ; enl. Sept. 21, 1862. 
 William S. Smith, Co. D, 176th ; enl. Oct. 1, 1862; afterwards served in 
 
 Co. G, 124th. and enl. in 166th, which was never organized. 
 Neil O. Smith, 15th Ait. ; etil. Jan. 18, 1864. 
 Albert Smith, 1.5th Art.; enl. Jan. 20, 1864. 
 Daniel R. Smith, 15th Art. ; enl. Jan. 23, 1864. 
 Robert Simpson, 15th Art. ; enl. Jan. 26, 1864. 
 Horace Storms. 
 
 John Silsbury, Co. C, 176th; enl. September, 1862. 
 Eugene D. Stokuni, Co. I, 54tli ; enl. Dec. 14, 1863 ; detailed as clerk in 
 
 the adjutant-general's office. 
 William Sanders, Co. A, 124 th ; eul. Aug. 4, 1862; wounded in foot, 
 
 severe. May 12, 1864; in hospital, and must, out by Gen. Order 77; 
 
 credited to Newburgh 
 Charles Slauson, Co. D, 176th ; enl. Sept. 16, 1862; wounded at La Fourche 
 
 Crossing. 
 George Slauson, Co. D, 176th; enl. Sept, 16, 1862. 
 John Slauson, Co. B, 124th; enl. Feb. 10, 1864; trans, to 93d June 2, 
 
 1865. 
 Joseph W. Smith, corp., 156th; enl. Aug. 8, 1862; died of disease at 
 
 Baton R(»uge, La., May 22, 18IH. 
 M'illiam Slauson, Co. B, 124th; enl. August, 1862; died of chronic diar- 
 
 rhLta at Willard's Point, Oct. 17, 18(H. 
 Albert Smith, 15th Art,; enl. Febmary, 1863. 
 Daniel Stevens, Co. D, 124th ; enl. Sept 29, 1862; traus. to V. R. C. Jan. 
 
 1,18G5. 
 Daniel Secor, corp., 5Gth. 
 
 William Simpson, Co. C, 176th; enl. Oct. 10, 1862. 
 Daniel Smith, 15th Art.; enl. 1863. 
 Washington Springsted, Vincent Springsted. 
 John C. Tuthill, Co. D, 176th; enl. Sept. 27, 1862; killed after Richmond 
 
 was taken. 
 Wm. B. Tompkins, Co. A, 124th ; enl. Aug. 12, 1862. No Wm. B. on roll ; 
 
 William Tompkins, credited to Minisink. 
 James Tompkins, Co. C, 176th. 
 
 Wm. H. Thorp, George Turner, Joseph Turner, John Turner. 
 Henry J. Vreeland, Co. G, PJ4th ; enl. Aug. 18, 1862; rejected by muster- 
 ing officer Sept. 5, 1862 ; re-enl. in 176th Sept. 10, 1864. 
 Henry Wright, Co. D, 176th ; enl. Sept. 13, 1862. 
 Charles Williams, 15th Art.; enl. Jan. 26. 1864. 
 Samuel Wilson, 18th ; enl. April, 1861. 
 
i^-TZ^^i 
 
MONROE. 
 
 805 
 
 James Weyant, enl. May 1, ISG'2. 
 
 John Wilkes, IVOtli ; enl. Sept. 28, 1S72; died of wonnds at Washington, 
 
 Jnly 12, 1864. 
 Henry Wright, Co. D, 176th ; enl. Angust, 1862. 
 Joel B. Weymer, 1.5th Cavalry ; enl. Jan. 1864. 
 Charles Waldron. 
 Jacob Wilson, Co. A, 124th ; enl. Ang. 11, 1862; wounded in shoulder 
 
 May 6, 1864, and died in the Wilderness, May 12, 1864. 
 Henry Walton, died in the service. 
 Daniel yonmans. 
 
 Wni. H. Younians, Co. D, 18th ; enl. April 23, ISlil ; also in 166th. 
 Alfred Voumans, Co. B, 124tli; enl. Aug. 12. 1862 ; died of typhoid fever 
 
 June 22, 1863, and buried at Alexandria, Va. 
 Robert Younians, wounded at Williamsburg, and died May 26, 1864, at 
 
 Alexandria. 
 Samuel Youmans, Co. A, 124th; enl. August, 18G2 ; pro. Corp., Nov. 15, 
 
 1864 : wounded in the knee April 1, 1865 ; in hospital, and must, out 
 
 by Gen. Order 77. 
 Joseph J. Youmans, Co. D, 124th : enl. Dec. 18, 1863 ; trans, to 93d June 
 
 2, 1866. 
 
 Perhaps the most remarkable men from the town 
 were the Ziiidle brothers. They were born in Monroe, 
 of American parents, of German ancestry. Daniel 
 served three months in the Sixty-ninth Militia in the 
 spring of 1861, and on return enlisted for three years 
 in the Seventy-fourth Regiment. He was wounded 
 in right arm at Williamsburg, May, 18152, but con- 
 tinued in the field until removed. His arm was am- 
 putated, but before the stump was healed he took the 
 field at Malvern Hill, where he received six balls; one 
 in the upper part of bis forehead came near causing 
 his death, one in the thigh shattered the bone of the 
 left leg. Some eight inches of the bone from the hip- 
 joint downwards was removed, and a silver tube in- 
 serted, around wliich the muscles and flesh reformed. 
 Though considerably shot to pieces and a wreck, he 
 would not have left the field at his own desire. John 
 Zindle, Fifty-sixth Regiment, had arm shot off at 
 Fair Oaks, and died of the injury July 14, 1862. Jonas 
 Zindle enlisted in the Eighteenth Regiment, and was 
 transferred to the One Hundred and Fifty-eighth. 
 Nelson Zindle, in the Seventh Heavy Artillery, was 
 taken prisoner in June, 1864. Monroe N. Zindle en- 
 listed Feb. 9, 1864, in Seventh Heavy Artillery, and 
 was reported "missing in action, June 10, 1864." 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 PETER TOWNSEND. 
 
 The Townsend family are of English lineage, and 
 since their advent to America have been largely iden- 
 tified with the manufacturing and commercial interests 
 of the county. Peter Townsend, the first of the name 
 in Orange County, and the grandfather of the subject 
 of this biographical sketch, was a former resident of 
 Long Island, and, in company with his fathpr-in-law, 
 William Hawxhurst, located at Stirling, Warwick 
 township, the latter gentleman having purcha.sed the 
 Stirling tract, embracing 23,000 acres, a portion of 
 which lav in the State of New Jersev. Mr. Townsend 
 
 at once made .this point the centre of an extensive • 
 manufacturing interest. He erected works embracing 
 a furnace, forges, and an ancbory, and tilled both 
 government and private contracts of considerable 
 magnitude. The first anchor used by the United 
 States government was made at this establishment, 
 five frigates being at this time equipped, and later the 
 whole navy. Here was forged the chain, weighing 
 over one hundred tons, stretched across the Hudson 
 River during the war of the Revolution to prevent 
 the British from passing above West Point. It was 
 conveyed to its destination in parts, which were later 
 attached by swivels. 
 
 Mr. Townsend was married to Miss Hannah Hawx- 
 hurst, and had sons Peter, William, and Isaac, and 
 daughters Anne, wife of Solomon Townsend, proprie- 
 tor, in connection with William Townsend, of the 
 Augusta Iron-Works on the Ramapo ; and Sallie, who 
 became Mrs. Dr. Anthony Davis, of Goshen, N. Y. 
 The death of Peter Townsend occurred during the 
 year 1783. His son Peter was born in the year 1770, 
 and when a lad rode to New York on horseback to 
 witness the evacuation of that city by the British. 
 His early life was spent at the Stirling Iron-Works 
 or at the homestead in Chester, then part of Goshen 
 township. He succeeded his father in the manage- 
 ment of his extensive manufacturing interests, and 
 may be regarded as the pioneer in the introduction of 
 anthracite coal as a fuel for smelting iron ores. 
 
 Mr. Townsend married Miss Alice, daughter- of 
 Comfort Cornell, early during the present century, 
 and had children, — William H., Peter, Isaac, Robert 
 C, George E., and one daughter, Elizabeth, wife of 
 J. H. Austin, of Staten Island. 
 
 The death of Peter Townsend, the second of the 
 name, occurred during the year 1857. His son Peter, 
 the present representative of the family, was born May 
 13, 1803, at the Chester homestead, where his early 
 life was passed, his education having been acquired 
 first in New York and later at Newburgh and on Long 
 Island. Having served an apprenticeship in the 
 counting-house of Jacob Barker, of New York, he 
 repaired to Canandaigua, N. Y., and embarked in 
 mercantile pursuits. In 1827 he returned to his early 
 home, and, in connection with his brother, succeeded 
 to the iron manufacturing interests, the estate at this 
 time embracing, besides the Stirling jjroperty, the 
 works at Southfield, Jlonroe township, and abounding 
 in valuable ores of iron. 
 
 Mr. Townsend was united in marriage July 9, 1828, 
 to Miss Caroline, daughter of Capt. Jasper Parish, of 
 Canandaigua, N. Y., to whom were born children, — 
 Elizabeth, widow of Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher;. 
 Alice; Mrs. S. L. M. Barlow; and Caroline, widow 
 of David Crawford. The death of Mrs. Townsend 
 occurred July 20, 1874, at Southfield, the family resi- 
 dence. Her many graces of mind and heart had en- 
 deared her alike to the home circle and to friends. 
 Her winning presence and cheerfiil spirits were the 
 
806 
 
 HISTORY OF OKANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 • sources of unfailing pleasure in social life, while her 
 kindly heart and beneficent life brought happiness to 
 many households. 
 
 Mr. Townsend is in his political predilections a firm 
 Republican, with no official aspirations, but with a 
 just appreciation of the civil responsibilities which 
 fall to the lot of every good citizen. Though his 
 family are of Quaker extraction, he affiliates with the 
 Presbyterian denomination, Mrs. Townsend having 
 been a member of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian 
 Church, New York City. 
 
 HON. MORGAN SHUIT. 
 The Shuit family were early residents of West- 
 chester County, Elisha, the lather of the subject of 
 this biographical sketch, having been a native of 
 Eastchester, in that county, and born June 12, 1788. 
 He later removed to Ridgefield, Conn., and engaged 
 
 in ftirming pursuits, having nuirried Miss Sallie, 
 daughter of Joseph Mead, Esq., whose birth occurred 
 April 3, 1788. Their childreu were Joseph M., born 
 in 1810; Morgan, Mary Ann; whose birth occurred 
 in 1815; and Ruth Ann, who died in infancy. 
 
 Morgan is a native of Ridgefield, Conn., where his 
 birth occurred Jan. 12, 1S12, and where his early 
 years were spent. Mr. Shuit's educational opportuni- 
 ties were of a very limited character, and his success- 
 ful and useful career may be attributed in a greater 
 
 degree to superior qualities of mind and will rather 
 than to early opportunities for culture. He acquired 
 a trade in his New England home, and in 1833 re- 
 moved to Orange County, where his recent acquire- 
 ments were made useful. In 1837, mercantile pur- 
 suits having jjresented a more profitable field, he 
 embarked in business at Highland Mills, and con- 
 tinued at this point until 1860. In April, 1867, 
 having relinquished trade, he removed to the farm 
 which is his present home. Mr. Shuit was married 
 to Miss Mary Ann, daughter of Isaac B. Titus, Esq., 
 of Monroe, whose family were of Quaker descent. 
 Their children were Hannah, born in 1847 ; Mary 
 Ann, whose birth occurred in 1849; William W., 
 born in 1851 ; Sarah M., born in 1854; Elizabeth T., 
 whose birth occurred in 1856 ; Harriet T., born in 
 1860; and Phila M., born in 1862. Mrs. Shuit's 
 death occurred in 1867, and Mr. Shuit was married a 
 second time, to Miss Phebe B. Titus, sister of his first 
 wife. 
 
 The peculiar abilities of Mr. Shuit eminently fitted 
 him for public life, which was also in harmony with 
 his tastes. He was in 1843 elected justice of the 
 peace, which office was held by him for thirty-six 
 consecutive years. In 1849 he was chosen as super- 
 visor of his township, and still holds the office. He 
 was for many years justice of sessions, and was during 
 1879 and 1880 the representative of his district in 
 the State Legislature. Mr. Shuit has in these posi- 
 tions manifested devotion to duty and marked ability. 
 His constituents discerning this fact, have testified 
 their confidence in the willing suffrages they have 
 accorded him. He was among the most ardent sup- 
 porters of the government during the late conflict, 
 and personally superintended the raising of recruits 
 and their equipment. His services are much in de- 
 mand in the adjustment of estates, and in matters in- 
 volving the amicable settlement of claims. Mr. Shuit 
 is a Republican in politics, having espoused its princi- 
 ples as more closely allied to those of the old Whig 
 doctrines of his early years. He is a liberal supporter 
 of church and school interests, to both of which he 
 has generously contributed. 
 
 PETER P. PARROTT. 
 Mr. Parrott is a native of New Hampshire, having 
 been born in Portsmouth. During the year 1837 he 
 removed to Orange County and located at Woodbury, 
 in the township of Monroe, where he assumed the 
 managment of the interests of the Woodbury Iron 
 Company. The following year he became identified 
 with the charcoal furnace located at Greenwood^ in 
 the same township, having removed to the latter place, 
 and managed succe-ssfuUy the business of both enter- 
 prises. The Greenwood property was at this time in 
 the hands of individuals with whom Mr. Parrott be- 
 came soon after associated as joint proprietor. In 
 1853, in connection with his brother, Robert P. Par- 
 

^^:> 
 
I 
 
 : 
 
 it 
 
 l» 
 
MONKOE. 
 
 807 
 
 rott, he constructed the present anthracite furnace, 
 and eventually became its sole owner. He continued 
 in this relation until his sons were recently admitted 
 to a partnership, under the style of The Parrott Iron 
 Company. The ores of this immediate section are 
 superior in quality, and embrace the Warwick, Bull, 
 Hogencamp, Mount Bashan, O'Neil, and other 
 mines. Of these, the O'Neil mine, owned by Mr. 
 Parrott, has yielded the main supply, and been suc- 
 cessfully worked for a period of fifty years. The 
 capacity of the anthracite furnace is 200 tons per 
 week, which is principally used in the manufacture 
 of hardware and stove-plates. An important branch 
 of industry in connection with this enterprise is the 
 manufacture of mineral wool or silicate cotton. This 
 is produced from the vitreous molten earthy refuse 
 called slag while the latter is yet in a liquid condi- 
 tion. Steam or air-jets are blown with strong pressure 
 through small streams of the slag, converting the 
 latter into a continuous spray of red-hot filamentfi, 
 which are intermixed with small particles of chilled 
 slag in the form of globules or shot. By means of 
 air-drafts and subdivisions of the receiving chambers 
 different grades of wool are obtained, which are 
 pressed in bags and boxes to a consistency which will 
 prevent its further settling when in use. This mate- 
 rial has been proved a perfect non-conductor between 
 heat and cold, and has found a ready market. 
 
 This apparent digression in the biographical sketch 
 of Mr. Parrott will doubtless convey an accurate idea 
 of the successful career which he has achieved ; not 
 as the result of promising beginnings and ample 
 capital, but wholly as the reward of energy and busi- 
 ness capacity. He may in the largest sense be iden- 
 tified with the self-made men of the county of 
 Orange. Mr. Parrott, though not ambitious for pub- 
 lic distinction, is ever found associated with the best 
 interests of his village and township, Greenwood 
 being substantially a hamlet founded and nur- 
 tured by himself In politics Mr. Parrott is a 
 Republican. His religious predilections are in 
 harmony with the tenets of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church. Together with his brother he erected St. 
 John's Episcopal church at Greenwood, and also 
 donated land for the building of a Roman Catholic 
 house of worship. Mr. Parrott was in 1843 united in 
 marriage to Miss Mary, daughter of Richard D. 
 Arden, Esq., of Phillipstown, Putman Co., N. Y., to 
 whom eight children were born. 
 
 two daughters, Elizabeth and Keturah. Of this 
 number, Phineas H., the father of Alexander, was 
 born July 4, 1789, and was, Dec. 23, 1812, united in 
 marriage to Miss Rachel, daughter of Birdseye Young. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Thompson eleven children were 
 born in the following order : Elizabeth, Har- 
 rison, Charles, Phineas, Alexander, Cornelia Y., 
 Keturah, Isaac H., Virgil, Nathan Y., and Ed- 
 mund. Alexander, whose life is here briefly re- 
 viewed, was born Aug. 27, 1820, in the township of 
 Monroe, upon the homestead which is his present 
 residence. He availed himself of such limited advan- 
 tages of education as the public school afforded, 
 and afterwards determined to render himself inde- 
 pendent of the freaks of a capricious fortune by the 
 acquirement of a substantial trade. He repaired to 
 Newburgh and became a skillful carpenter, contin- 
 uing his pursuits for some years, and eventually re- 
 turning again to the homestead. Mr. Thompson was 
 married, Feb. 19, 1856, to Miss Eleanor, daughter of 
 Peter Bush, Esq., of Monroe. Their children are 
 Phineas H., Ella B., and Alexander, all of whom re- 
 side with their parents. Mr. Thompson has latterly 
 devoted his energies to the labors of an agriculturist, 
 and has made the dairy a specialty. In this, as in 
 other occupations to which his abilities have been 
 directed, he has been eminently successful. He is 
 actively interested in the Farmers' Creamery Asso- 
 ciation of Turners, of which organization he is presi- 
 dent. In his political affiliations Mr. Thompson is a 
 Democrat, though in no sense a politician, preferring 
 rather the quiet routine of his daily employments to 
 the excitements of public life. He is a worshiper at 
 the Presbyterian Church in Monroe, of which Mrs. 
 Thompson and her daughter are members. 
 
 ALEXANDER THOMPSON. 
 
 The Thompson family, one of the most influential 
 in Monroe township, are of Irish extraction. Wil- 
 liam Thompson, the grandfather of the subject of this 
 biographical sketch, was for years a resident of 
 Chester, where his death occurred. His children 
 were George, Robert, Phineas H., Benjamin, and 
 
 PETER TURNER. 
 Peter Turner, the son of Gilbert and HaUnah 
 (Brewster) Turner, maj' with justice be numbered 
 among the most enterprising and capable of the busi- 
 ness men of the township of Monroe. He was a na- 
 tive of Putnam Co., N. Y., and was born March 14, 
 1794. The Turner family removed to Monroe in 1808, 
 and Peter during his early life engaged in farming 
 pursuits. His ambitious spirit prompted him to seek 
 a wider field of usefulness than was at the time pre- 
 sented on the farm, and on the projection of the Erie 
 Railroad he discerned in the location known as 
 Turner's a point destined to grow in importance with 
 the completion of the thoroughfare. He immediately 
 erected a hotel, purchased tiie mill-property, and 
 made other improvements, which caused the station of 
 Turner's to become an influential centre of business. 
 Its convenient distance from New York rendered it 
 popular as a place of refreshment for railroad travel- 
 ers, and Mr. Turner speedily became one of the most 
 popular caterers on the Erie Railroad. He was mar- 
 ried Nov. 16, 1816, to Miss Mary Ann, daughter of 
 
808 
 
 HISTORY OF ORA>-GE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 James Galloway, and was the father of four sons,— 
 Charles, James G., and Gilbert, who reside in Monroe, 
 and Theron S., whose residence is Cornwall-on-the- 
 Hudson. Mr. Turner was a second time married, 
 November, 1866, to Mrs. Lavinia Wiley, who survives 
 
 him. 
 
 In politics Mr. Turner was a stanch Republican. 
 Being absorbed with his daily avocations, he found 
 little inclination for the engrossing demands of public 
 life, and was inditierent to official honors. In all 
 business relations he enjoyed a reputation for energy, 
 sagacity, and strict integrity. Mr. Turner, though 
 not connected with any religious denomination, was a 
 liberal supporter of the gospel, and contributed 
 equallv to the Presbyterian and Methodist Churches 
 of the township during his lifetime. His career was 
 a marked example of the success which arises from 
 humble beginnings, and is the result of ceaseless toil 
 combined with sound business principles. The death 
 of Mr. Turner occurred Oct. 16, 187-5. at his residence 
 in Turner's village. 
 
 Minnie, H. Greeley, and Samuel, ilr. Bush is a 
 Republican in politics, having been in early years an 
 Old-Line Whig, and cast his first vote for Henry 
 Clay, in 1844. He manifests much interest in the 
 success of his party and its principles, but declines 
 anv participation in the official honors which accom- 
 pany its victories. Mr. Bush affiliates with the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church at Monroe, of which 
 Mrs. Bush is a member. 
 
 PETER B. BCSH. 
 The early representatives of the Bush family emi- 
 grated from Holland, though little is known of their 
 history by the descendants now residing in Monroe. 
 Henry, the grandfather of Peter B., was a native of 
 Orange County, and the father of the following sons 
 and daughters : Samuel, John, Peter H., Henry, Wil- 
 liam, Martha, Rebecca, Rachel, and M.orgaret. Peter 
 H.. the third in order of birth, was born in northern 
 New Jersey, Xov. 11, 1783, and later became a resi- 
 dent of Ramapo, Rockland Co., X. Y.. where he 
 pursued his vocation of millwright. He was united 
 in marriage to Miss ilary, daughter of James Smith, 
 of Monroe, to whom were born children named 
 respectively Matilda, Mary Ann, Henry, James, and 
 Margaret. By a second union, with Miss Abigail 
 Smith, a sister of the first Mrs. Bush, his children 
 were Elizabeth, Samuel J.. Peter B., Nathaniel D., 
 Rachel, Sarah, Eleanor, Cornelius, Arminda, Phebe, 
 and Hudson. 5Ir. Bush survived until May 4, 1836, 
 and died in his fifty-third year. The birth of his son 
 Peter B. occurred June 8, 1820, in Orange County. 
 The family at a late period removed to a farm in the 
 vicinity of the Greenwood Iron- Works, where he 
 availed himself of the exceedingly limited opportuni- 
 ties for education which the district afforded. The 
 death of his father, while the children were still in 
 their growing years, entailed a heavy responsibility 
 upon Peter B. He, however, manfully accepted the 
 situation, and thus added greatly to the comfort and 
 prosperity of the family. In lS-53 he purchased the 
 homestead farm and became its sole owner. In 1862, 
 Mr. Bush changed his residence, and became the pro- 
 prietor of the estate on which he at present resides. 
 He was married, in 1858, to Miss Harriet, daughter of 
 David Ford, of Monroe, and has three children, — 
 
 JOHN GOFF. 
 The ancestors of the Goff family in America were 
 early emigrants from Ireland, and probably first set- 
 tled on Long Island, whence the progenitors of John 
 Goff came to Orange County. Mr. Goff was born in 
 Monroe township, Oct. 19, 1800, and passed the early 
 portion of his life at the home of his parents, Michael 
 and Elizabeth Goff. He continued farming occupa- 
 tions until the age of manhood ; was united in mar- 
 riage, April -5, 1821, to Miss Phebe, daughter of 
 Gilbert and Hannah Turner, and then, desiring a 
 more extended field of labor, removed to New York 
 City, where he was for fourteen years engaged in 
 the milk business. He returned again to Monroe, and 
 resided for four years upon the Turner homestead, 
 after which he removed to the village of Monroe, 
 and purchased what is known as the McGarrah prop- 
 erty. Mr. Goff then became a landlord, and con- 
 tinued to be for a period of twenty -eight years one of 
 the most popular hosts in the county. He then re- 
 tired to private life, but retained his former residence. 
 In all the relations of life Mr. Goff was an esteemed 
 and influential citizen. Though not immediately 
 connected with either of the religious denominations, 
 he was a cheerful supporter of all churches, and con- 
 tributed willingly to their advancement. He mani- 
 fested much public spirit, and established a reputa- 
 tion for soundness of judgment, both in matters of 
 business and in the larger sphere of public life. Mr. 
 Goff was a Democrat in his political views, and 
 keenly alive to the success of his party, though never 
 himself ambitious for office. The death of Mr. Goff 
 occurred in Monroe, Feb. 13, 1881, in his eighty-first 
 year ; that of Mrs. Goff ha\-ing taken place on Dec. 
 24, 1878. 
 
 GILBERT T. SMITH. 
 The paternal grandfather of Mr. Smith was Clark 
 Smith, Esq., whose birth occurred at Cornwall-on- 
 the-Hudson. His children were eleven in number, — 
 Joseph, Asahel, Oliver, Clark, Isaac, Thomas, Rens- 
 selaer, Elijah, Hannah, and two whose death occurred 
 at an early age. Asahel, one of the older sons, was 
 born at Woodburv", in the township of Monroe, where 
 he resided until the age of manhood. At a later 
 period he chose Turner's as a place of residence, and 
 was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth, daughter 
 
Il 
 
 ■I 
 
JOHN GoFF. 
 
Il 
 
J. HORTON THOMPSON. 
 
 The grandfather of Mr. Tliompson was 
 George Tlioinpson, who was of Irish parentage, 
 and a resident of Blooming-Grove, in Orange 
 County. He was united in marriage to Miss 
 Eiizabetii Gregory, of Monroe, and had children, 
 — Abijah W., Nathaniel, James G., Hainiali 
 (Mrs. Gerret Duryea), Susan (Mrs. Nathaniel 
 Racket), Mary (Mrs. Isaac Lee), Eunice (Mrs. 
 David Case), Nancy (Mrs. Gen. Henry Duryea), 
 and Elmira (Mrs. Oliver B. Tuthill). Mr. 
 Thompson spent his life upon the homestead 
 in Blooming-Grove, having been an energetic 
 and exemplary citizen. His sou Nathaniel, the 
 
 father of the subject of this biography, was born 
 Dec. 22, 1792, at tiie home of liis parents, where 
 the early years of iiis life were sj)ent. He served 
 with credit in the war of 1812, and later followed 
 farming pursuits, having removed in 1820 to 
 Monroe, on the land now occupied by his son, 
 George W. Tiiomjison. Nallianiel Thompson 
 was married, Jan. 22, 1818, to Miss Sarah, 
 daughter of Jeremiah Horton, of Blooming- 
 Grove, to whom two children were born, J. 
 Horton and George W., both of whom reside in 
 Monroe. Tiie following mention of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Tliompson appears in the Horton genea- 
 
 logical 
 
 record : " Sarah Tliomjison was one of 
 the excellent of the earth, — faithful, kind, ener- 
 getic, and industrious, exemplifying Christian- 
 ity in her daily walk and conversation. She 
 was ever sunshine for the family. Mr. Thomp- 
 son was an upright. Christian man, who lived a 
 life of usefulness." Their son, .1. Horton, was 
 born Jan. 1.3, 1821, in Monroe, and devoted his 
 early years to school, and subsequently to labor, 
 having engaged in teaching for a brief period. 
 He was married Dec. 20, 1845, to Miss Mary, 
 daughter of Samuel Webb, of Monroe, and is 
 the parent of three daughters, — Sarah (Mrs. 
 
 T>2^/?^2.^ 
 
 Asahel Smith), Anna (now deceased), and 
 Nancy. 
 
 Mr. Thompson after his marriage purchased 
 his present home, and has since been extensively 
 engaged in dairying. He has led an energetic 
 life, which has been mainly devoted to the in- 
 terests of his farm, having little taste for the dis- 
 tractions and responsibilities of a public career. 
 He is in liis political predilections a stanch Re- 
 publican, though not an aspirant for office. 
 
 In their religious preferences ]\Ir. Thompson's 
 famil}' are Presbyterians, Mrs. Thompson being 
 a member of the Presbyterian Church at Monroe. 
 
cJ^-^cei 
 
 The pioneer representative of tlie Thompson 
 family probably left Ireland for a home in the 
 New World at a very early date, and eventu- 
 ally located in the towiisliip of Goshen, where 
 he married. Among his children was Wil- 
 liam, who was united in marriage to Miss 
 Mittie Hudson, and had sons, — George, Robert, 
 Phineas H., and Benjamin, and daughters, — 
 Eiizabetli and Ketnrah. Phineas H., who is 
 the father of Isaac H. Thompson, was born in 
 1789, and spent his early years in labor upon 
 the property of his father. His marriage to 
 Miss Rachel Youngs, of Chester, occurred in 
 1812, and to this union eleven children were 
 born, whose names are specified in an accom- 
 panying sketch of Alexander Thompson. The 
 birth of Isaiic H., one of the sons, occurred 
 April 11, 1827, in Monroe, where his time until 
 manhood was spent in study at the public school 
 of the neighborhood, or in cultivating the land 
 owned by his father. At the age of eighteen 
 he acquired the trade of a carjjenter and joiner, 
 and followed this avocation with more or less 
 regularity for a period of thirty years. In 1870, 
 
 Mr. Thompson purchased the farm which is his 
 present residence, and has since been extensively 
 engaged in dairying. In this as in his previous 
 occupation he has been successful, not so much 
 from fortunate circumstances as from the devel- 
 opment of those qualities which are the inevita- 
 ble ex]ionents of success. Mr. Thompson was 
 united in marriage, Jan. 18, 1854, to Miss Eliz- 
 abeth, daughter of Elraor Earl, of Monroe. 
 They have four children, — Rachel (Mrs. W. S. 
 Allen), Elmor, Eliza, and Virgil. Mr. Thomp- 
 son at present fills the responsible office of 
 superintendent of the Farmers' Creamery Asso- 
 ciation, the buildings of which are located on 
 his land. 
 
 He is a Democrat in politics, though seldom 
 actively interested in the strifes of party, and 
 has little ambition for official honors. He has 
 nevertheless filled the office of highway com- 
 missioner for successive terms. 
 
 In his religious preferences he is an attendant 
 upon the ministrations of the Presbyterian 
 Church at Monroe, of which Mrs. Thompson is 
 a member. 
 
i 
 
 I 
 
 ^^y>^7^e^ 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 ftej 
 
HIGHLANDS. 
 
 811 
 
 18, 1731 (Queensborough tract.)* Bradley Children, 
 No. 1, 4290 acres, Oct. .30, 1749. Vincent and David 
 Mattliews, No. 2, 800 acres, Nov. 26, 1768. William 
 and Edward Wilkin, No. 1, 1305 acres, April 15, 1768. 
 John Osborne, No. 1, 1850 acres, March 14, 1775. 
 Thomas Moore and Lewis Pintard, No. 2, 900 acres, 
 Dec. 23, 1762. Smith and Wilkin, No. 3, 100 acres, 
 April 15, 1768. Moore and Osborne, No. 2, 150 acres, 
 March 14, 1775. Smith and Wilkin, No. 2, 190 acres, 
 April 15, 1768. John Nelson, .5.50 acres, Oct. 4, 1752. 
 Henry Townsend, 2000 acres. Thomas Smith, 250 
 acres, June 14, 1750. The Hassenclever & Co.'s tract, 
 1000 acres, in 1765. 
 
 II.— NATCJHAL FEATUKES. 
 This town is rightly named. The range of hills 
 from which it receives its designation extends along 
 the whole river front, from below Fort Montgomery 
 on the south to Cro' Nest on the north. They 
 form so distinct a feature of the geological history of 
 the county that their description is properly included 
 in the chapter upon that subject, to which the reader 
 is referred. The whole line is noted in history and 
 romance, and in modern times has become the resort 
 of hundreds of summer tourists, who seek health and 
 pleasure upon the breezy heights, beside the crystal 
 waters of the mountain ponds, or in the dark forest 
 shades. Several small rivulets flow into the Hudson, 
 one just south of Cro' Nest ; a second at Washing- 
 ton valley ; a third, the outlet of Bog Meadow Pond, 
 at Highland Falls ; a fourth some distance below ; 
 and a fifth at Fort Montgomery. In the southwest 
 part of the town are several rivulets which flow 
 southward into the town of Monroe, and become 
 tributaries of Poplopen's Creek, which empties into 
 the Hudson just south of Highland, within the 
 county of Rockland. The most noted ponds in High- 
 lands are Bog Meadow Pond, Round Pond No. 1, Long 
 Pond, and Cranberry Pond. 
 
 III.— EARLY SETTLEMENT. 
 In mentioning titles in and near West Point the date 
 of the first grant is given as 1723, and this was obtained 
 on the express condition that settlement should be 
 made within three years. As this title was made 
 valid, and became the foundation to the present title 
 of the United States, actual settlement should be in- 
 ferred. But the names of the settlers have not come 
 down to the present time except as mentioned below. 
 Major Boynton, in his work upon West Point, says, — 
 
 "The interval between the granting of the patents and the transfer of 
 the titles, before described, down to the period at which the American 
 Kevolutiou commenced are blanks iu historical literature. No traditions 
 
 * In the county clerk's office is this record : 
 
 "The following meniorandnm was entered at the request of Mr. Ga- 
 briel Ludlow the first day of June, 1732; 'These are to certify to all per- 
 sons whom it may concern that on the 25th of February, 1731, a tree was 
 cut on the east side of the house of Gabriel Ludlow within twenty feet 
 of the said house marked T V H.' " 
 
 even of early settlers are extant, and the pi-obabilities are that, beyond a 
 settlement made to st'cure a site or grant, West I'oint, being in a region 
 of primary stratified rocks, heavily covered with drift deposits, and with- 
 out a suitable soil for cultivation, remained a mere woodland tract, pos- 
 sessing no higher value than attaches to similar adjoining points in the 
 Highlands which have remained unsettled and uncultivated to this 
 day." 
 
 It is however pretty certainly established that John 
 Moore, the patentee, did locate upon his purchase, and 
 very probably within the required three years, thus 
 making the date of his removal here about 1725. 
 His homestead was iu what has since been called 
 Washington Valley, and Gen. Washington is said 
 to have occupied the same dwelling for a time. The 
 house was afterwards destroyed, and a second one 
 erected upon the same site was also long since taken 
 down. The remains of the cellar are still visible, 
 and this spot may undoubtedly be regarded as the 
 point of first settlement within the limits of the pres- 
 ent town of Highlands. 
 
 Of Mr. Moore's children there are not many facts 
 now to be obtained. The family were inclined to be 
 loyalists at the opening of the Revolution, and though 
 it is evident they were not violent opposers of the 
 American cause, from the fact that their lands were 
 not confiscated, yet they went to Nova Scotia as the 
 Revolutionary troubles thickened around them, and 
 afterwards to North Carolina. There they became 
 prominent in public affairs, one of them being elected 
 Governor of that State. It was of Stephen Moore, 
 of Caswell Co., N. C, that the United States 
 bought West Point in 1790, as already mentioned. 
 The names of Stephen Moore and James Moore 
 appear in the town records of Cornwall between 
 1765 and 1775. A daughter of John Moore married 
 Hugh McClellan some time before the Revolution or 
 about the time of its commencement. 
 
 McClellan lived at West Point, or rather somewhat 
 west towards the West Grove neighborhood. He was 
 active in support of the American cause, whatever 
 may have been the course of his immediate family 
 connections. Many incidents are related of his per- 
 sonal prowess, his prompt movements in times of dan- 
 ger, and his daring bravery. Though not in the army 
 as a soldier, he undoubtedly earned the right to be 
 considered one by fighting " upon his own hook" 
 everywhere around West Point and at all times. He 
 was employed in hauling stone at the erection of Fort 
 Putnam. On one occasion he crossed the river alone 
 and brought powder to West Point at the imminent 
 risk of capture and death. These are some of the 
 traditional stories of his exploits, many of which are, 
 perhaps, authentic. 
 
 The children of Mr. McClellan's first marriage re- 
 moved to North Carolina some time after the war, — 
 perhaps at the time their relatives, the Moores, went 
 to that State from Nova Scotia. Hugh McClellan 
 married for his second wife a daughter of the early 
 Kronkhite family of West Grove. By this marriage 
 there were two children, a son, who died in early or 
 
812 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 middle life, leaving, however, a family of several chil- 
 dren, and a daughter, who became the wife of James 
 Denton. Mr. Denton was from Newburgh, but set- 
 tled at West Point. A son of Mr. Denton, James 
 Denton, Jr., is a merchant of Highland Falls at the 
 present time, and another son, John Denton, is a 
 farmer, now residing on the well-known homestead 
 of the Bull lamily, below Highland Falls. 
 
 It should be added that the claim made by James 
 Denton, Sr., under the McClellan occupancy, to which 
 we have alluded in speaking of titles, was pressed in 
 good faith, believing the title to be valid for whatever 
 land Hugh McClellan had actually occupied. The 
 statement given above, while in the main correct, is 
 nevertheless regarded by the family as the government 
 side of the story. There are said to have been cer- 
 tain papers showing that McClellan had derived some 
 rights direct from the Moore family — rights which 
 were not reserved in deeding to the United States, but 
 nevertheless antedated that transaction. Twenty-one 
 years' undisputed possession, following upon a legal 
 and permitted entry, is understood to have strong 
 force in determining a title under the laws of New 
 York, hence there was certainly some ground for the 
 claim to rest upon. As a matter of fact, too, the suit 
 for ejectment was terminated by a compromise. The 
 aged widow of McClellan was paid to surrender her 
 claim, and if a decision was rendered against her it 
 was only pro forma as the result of the settlement. 
 
 Still further tracing the stoi-y of early settlement, 
 it is probable that Cornelius Swim was the first pio- 
 neer occupant in the vicinity of Highland Falls. His 
 homestead was the present place of Judge Charles 
 Tracy. The Swim family had removed to this country 
 from England about the year 1686, and as part of a 
 colony settled on the east side of the river, opposite 
 West Point, the location being on what is now known 
 as the Phillips property. They were offered a large 
 tract there for ten cents an acre, but (as Cornelius 
 Nelson, our informant, quaintly observes) " they had 
 not the ten cents," and therefore their title was not 
 secured, and they were obliged to leave when another 
 purchaser bought the tract at fifteen cents an acre. 
 
 The date when Cornelius Swim settled at what is 
 now Highland Falls, does not appear to be known 
 among his descendants, but it was at least some years 
 prior to the Revolution, as his name appears in the 
 town records of Cornwall, 1765 to 1775. 
 
 It is understood by Mrs. William Avery, a descend- 
 ant, that the father of Cornelius Swim was Albert 
 Swim, and that he came to this side of the river also, 
 but j)erhaps as an aged man in the family of Corne- 
 lius. One of the sons of Cornelius was John Swim, 
 and his children were six sons, — Albert, Andrew, 
 John, Cornelius, William, and Samuel ; also six 
 daughters, — Mrs. Cashman, Mrs. Lewis, Mrs. Gar- 
 rison, Mrs. Rose, Mrs. Fitch, and one who married, 
 and moved West. Another son of the pioneer Cor- 
 nelius was Cornelius, Jr., and there was at least one 
 
 daughter, who became Mrs. Cronk. Cornelius Swim, 
 Sr., was killed by a British scout because he refused 
 to divulge the place where certain army supplies were 
 concealed. 
 
 Another early name is that of Cornelius Gee. He 
 lived before the Revolution at West Point. The 
 sharp angle, the exact '' Point," is still known by his 
 name. He was from the colony already mentioned 
 on the east side of the river. Of his children there 
 are mentioned by a recent writer (Mr. Cornelius Nel- 
 son), Jabez Gee and Mrs. Margaret Swim. It is of 
 a member of the Gee family, " Aunt Sally Gee," 
 that the traditional Highland " tea story" is told. 
 It is well known that the basis of this now abund- 
 ant beverage was a scarce article in Revolutionary 
 days. The Gee family had, however, a half-pound 
 of tea bought not long before the British assault 
 on the Highland forts. At the time of the capture, 
 and while the flames of Fort Montgomery were 
 lighting up all this region, announcing the success of 
 the British, " Aunt Sally," regarding all as lost, de- 
 termined to have at least one good cup of tea before 
 commencing the inevitable flight. Accordingly, she 
 emptied the half-pound — the whole of it — into the old- 
 fashioned tea-pot; but, alas! she had overdone the 
 matter, — the beverage was too bitter for use. 
 
 Mr. Gee established, in company with Jacob Nelson, 
 the old ferry of early times from " Gee's Point" to 
 "Constitution Island." This is often mentioned in 
 the annals of the Revolutionary struggle, and is usu- 
 ally spoken of as " Nelson's Ferry." Mr. Nelson was 
 a descendant of one of the colonists already men- 
 tioned who settled on the Phillips property in 1686. 
 Jacob Nelson, the associate of Mr. Gee in the ferry, 
 was the son of Jacob Nelson, Sr. The children of 
 Jacob Nelson, Jr., were Miphiboseth, Cornelius, 
 Justus, Elisha, and three daughters, Mrs. Gabriel 
 Odell, Mrs. John Warren, and Mrs. Peter Warren. 
 A son of Miphiboseth, Cornelius Nelson, is the only 
 member of the family who settled on the west side of 
 the river. He came to Highland Falls in 1844. We 
 are indebted to him for many of these items of early 
 settlement. Jacob Nelson, Jr., managed the ferry 
 business upon the east side of the river, and Cornelius 
 Gee upon the west side. 
 
 Nelson's Point "opposite to Fort Arnold"* is 
 mentioned by Gen. Washington in a report to Con- 
 gress early in the year 1779, in which he calls atten- 
 tion to the danger that the enemy might advance via 
 " Continental village" and gain " Nelson's Point." 
 
 " Nelson's Ferry" is also mentioned in the accounts 
 of the great celebration at West Point, May 31, 1782, 
 in honor of the birth of the Dauphin of France. 
 The Tenth Massachusetts Regiment is described as 
 being encamped in the cleared fields above Nelson's 
 Ferry. 
 
 Early settlement in the West Grove neighborhood 
 
 * Afterwarils named Fort Clinton. 
 
 /' 
 
 [ 
 
HIGHLANDS. 
 
 813 
 
 dates back to about the time of the Revolution. An 
 early pioneer was John Kronkhite.* He settled on 
 what is now the Samuel Van Voorhees place. He 
 had one son, Richard, and three daughters, Mrs. .James 
 Green, Mrs. James Wilkins, Mrs. Howell. The family 
 were originally from Westchester County. 
 
 John Cronkhite, a son of Richard, is residing at 
 the present time on a [lart of the old tract of his 
 grandfather, and from him these and other items are 
 obtained. 
 
 Moses Clark was also an early settler. His home- 
 stead was the present place of his grandson, James 
 Clark. The name of Moses Clark appears in the 
 Cornwall records between 1765 and 1775, and if it 
 relates to the Moses Clark of West Grove, would 
 indicate his residence here before the Revolutionary 
 war. 
 
 Tobias Weygant is mentioned by Mr. Cronkhite as 
 another early settler of West Grove. His homestead 
 passed to William Rose, to John S. Gilbert, and is 
 now the Zint place. Tobias Weygant's name is also 
 in the early Cornwall records, but the name was 
 evidently a favorite one in the Weygant family, and 
 may not prove that the West Grove Weygant was 
 here before the Revolution. t 
 
 From the Cornwall records and from the names at- 
 tached to the Revolutionary Articles of Association, 
 we mention a few who were ]ivobably living on the 
 territory of the present town of Highlands. 
 
 Thomas Collins lived in Highlands, on the Bergh 
 property. Joseph Collins is also mentioned. 
 
 William Cooper was living near Fort Montgomery 
 before the Revolution. Thomas Cooper, mentioned 
 in the old records, was also in the same neighborhood. 
 
 Isaac Garrison's name appears in the old Cornwall 
 records between 17i)5 and 1775. He lived about half- 
 way from Highland Falls to Fort Montgomery, in the 
 Middle Highlands neighborhood. He was the father 
 of the well-known C. K. Garrison; also of Abram, 
 Benjamin, Oliver. Jonas Garrison is also mentioned 
 in the early records. 
 
 William Horton. The Hortoii family in early times 
 were west of Fort Montgomery, south part of the 
 town. Zaccheus Horton is also mentioned in the 
 early records, and Thomas. 
 
 Maurice Havens. This family name was in High- 
 lands, west part of the town, before the Revolution. 
 
 David June. The Junes were in the soutji part of 
 what is now Highlands at later periods, along the 
 Rockland County line, and that neighborhood is 
 probably where this man lived. 
 
 D. Lancaster, mentioned before the Revolution, 
 was doubtless on the present Lancaster place, on the 
 line between Cornwall and Highlands. 
 
 Stephen Moore. This name appears in the Corn- 
 
 wall records, 1765 to 1775, and was probably the son 
 of the patentee already mentioned. 
 
 John Parker's name appears in the records, 1765 to 
 1775. He lived, it is presumed, at West Grove, in 
 this town. 
 
 Israel Rose lived at what is now called Highland 
 Falls. He had a sdti Israel, who died at the age of 
 seventy, about twelve years ago. 
 
 Samuel Rockwell lived in the Middle Highlands. 
 He was the grandfather of Samuel Rockwell, who 
 died about thirty years ago. 
 
 S. Sheldon, mentioned before the Revolution, 
 probably lived at Fort Montgomery. 
 
 Birdseye Young. Mr. Cornelius Nelson states that 
 the Young family were in Highlands at an early day. 
 
 James Stought (probalily Vought), found in the 
 Cornwall records, may have been in Highlands. 
 
 Generally, speaking, the settlements in this town 
 were along the Hudson and in the West Grove neigh- 
 borhood. Only small tracts in the mountain portions 
 of the town have been settled at any time. 
 
 Isaac Faurot, who died a few years since in this 
 town at an advanced age, was a hand on the first 
 steamboat that sailed up the Hudson, under the com- 
 mand of Cajjt. Wiswell. 
 
 » Many meinbera of the family drop the final syllable at the present 
 time, ami K hiis given place to C. 
 
 t Whether in Cornwall precinct or not Tobias Weygant was one of the 
 sonsof Jlichael Weygant, a settler at Newburgli in 17U9. 
 
 IV.— ORGANIZATION. 
 
 For many years the town of Cornwall had con- 
 sisted of the thickly settled territory north of the 
 mountains, and the localities around Highland Falls 
 and Fort Montgomery far to the south. It was an un- 
 natural, inconvenient alliance. To transact public 
 official business together required the people of one 
 part or the other to travel over long and difficult 
 mountain roads, or to take a trip by the river. In- 
 deed, to secure an attendance at town-meetings fre- 
 quently required the chartering of a boat to transport 
 the voters, and with a sharp political contest it must 
 have required two boats, carrying different flags. All 
 the town boards, assessors, road commissioners, over- 
 seers of the poor, and town auditors could only meet 
 at considerable sacrifice of time, and considerable 
 trouble and expense. It was a very obvious necessity 
 that led to a movement for a new town south of Cro' 
 Nest, — a town that should consist of territory upon 
 which the people might easily meet and transact the 
 public business. 
 
 Accordingly the petition for a new town met with 
 little opposition, and Highlands, the youngest of the 
 towns of Orange County, was authorized to organize 
 by the action of the board of supervisors at the an- 
 nual meeting of 1872. 
 
 The first town-meeting was held the next spring, as 
 shown l)y the following record: 
 
 At the first town-meeting held in the town of 
 Highlands, Orange Co., N. Y., March 4, 187.3, at the 
 house of Charles Engleskircher, the following-named 
 persons were elected town officers for the town of 
 Highlands: Supervisor, William Avery; Town Clerk, 
 
814 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 Henry Darcy ; Justices of the Peace, Wm. B. Mich- 
 aels, Wm. C. Likely; Collector, John Drew; Com- 
 missioners of Highways, Jacob Foster, Isaac H. 
 Meeks; Assessors, John G. W. Kronkhite, Joseph 
 Montross ; Overseers of the Poor, Michael Maher, 
 John R. Springstead ; Constables, Henry Laforge, 
 Henry Birdsley, Oliver Cronk, Jabez A. Odell ; In- 
 spectors of Election, John J. Smith, John Boyle, 
 George Stewart; Town Sealer, John A. Cook ; Game 
 Constable, Henry Laforge ; Pound-master, Thomas 
 Wilson. 
 
 The next town-meeting was voted to be held at the 
 house of George Stephens. 
 
 The following have been the principal town officers 
 from 1872 to 1880: 
 
 Supervisors. Town Clerks. 
 
 1873 "William Avery. Henry Darcy. 
 
 1874 Jeremiah Drew. James C. Merritt. 
 
 1875 " " Henry Diircy. 
 
 1876 " " John H. Smith. 
 
 1877-78 " " Charles A. Manrligo. 
 
 1879 " " Anthony E. Miller. 
 
 1880 •' " Charles A. Mauiiigo. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 1873, Wm. B. Michaels, Wm. C. Likely ; 1874, John H. Smith, William 
 Faurot ; 1875, Wm. Avery ; 1876, Wni. B. Michaels; 1877, E. C. Car- 
 penter; 1878, Oliver H. Cronk; 1879, Wm. Avery ; 1880, Ezra Drew. 
 
 v.— VILLAGES. 
 
 WEST POINT. 
 
 This place, having a national and world-wide repu- 
 tation, is situated in Highlands. Here occurred those 
 Revolutionary incidents that constitute such a wealth 
 of [latriotic associations. Here is located the military 
 school of the nation, where have been educated the 
 officers of our armies for a long series of years. 
 
 The place derives its name from the sharp point of 
 land projecting into the Hudson from the west shore. 
 
 A post-office was established here at an early day. 
 Maj. Roger Alden was the incumbent of the office for 
 some years. Mr. Holt was a subsequent postmaster. 
 In 1835, Prof. Claudius Berard was appointed to the 
 office, and held it until his death in 1848. His 
 widow was then named by the department, and she 
 remained until 1870, a period of twenty-two years of 
 long and careful service. The present incumbent, 
 A. B. Berard, was appointed as her successor. 
 
 West Point, as a village, is composed almost wholly 
 of the military school and the necessary structures 
 connected with it. There is but little business distinct 
 from that. 
 
 The tide of travel is provided for by only one 
 hotel upon the military reservation of West Point. 
 Co/.zens' Hotel, near Highland Falls, was erected 
 many years ago, and met the wants of those earlier 
 years of summer flight from the cities. 
 
 HIGHLAND FALLS 
 is a thriving modern village one and a half miles 
 south of West Point. It is situated on Bog Meadow 
 Brook, and its name is derived from the falls in that 
 stream. A post-office was established here July 14, 
 
 1849, under the name of Buttermilk Falls. Corneliui 
 Nelson was appointed postmaster. Under the admin- 
 istration of James Buchanan he was removed and 
 Timothy O'Leary appointed. At the expiration of 
 Mr. Buchanan's term Mr. Nelson was reappointed, 
 and is now (1880) in office. 
 
 The village in its present development is mostly 
 modern, but the place has the charm of an early his- 
 tory reaching back nearly two hundred years to the 
 times when the sons of the forest occupied all this 
 region, and to those later periods when the first white 
 men began to settle the west shore of the Hudson 
 south of Cornwall. 
 
 The present business in Highland Falls, as shown 
 by the advertising columns of the village paper, may 
 be mentioned as follows : W. H. Edsall, physician 
 and surgeon ; Christoiiher Stark, dealer in oysters, 
 clams, foreign and domestic fruits ; Dr. W. E. Bird- 
 sail, of Peekskill, performs dental operations at High- 
 land Falls three times a week ; Richard Darcy, mason 
 and pla.sterer ; T. E. Drew's, Mountain Dairy (at West 
 Grove) ; P. R. Chapman, attorney- and counselor-at- 
 law ; Christopher Stark, news-dealer ; George H. Tur- 
 bush, painting; George Reppman, bakery and confec- 
 tionery ; Nellie McCabe, clothing, hats, caps, ladies' 
 and gentlemen's furnishing goods ; Kreutz' new 
 bakery ; Mrs. O'Neil, millinery, ladies' and gentle- 
 men's furnishing goods ; Krimmling, watchmaker 
 and jeweler ; Anthony Miller, hardware, willow- and 
 wooden-ware ; and Lambert Kleits, real estate dealer. 
 
 There are also several stores, as Chace's, groceries ; 
 Denton's, general assortment; Altshimer & Parry, 
 dry-goods. There are also various mechanic shops. 
 Hotels, Cozzens, Exchange, and others. All these, to- 
 gether with many handsome private residences, con- 
 stitute a pleasant village and a thriving business place. 
 
 FORT MONTGOMERY. 
 
 This place perpetuates the name of old Fort Mont- 
 gomery, which stood on the south side of Poplopen's 
 Creek, at the junction with the Hudson. 
 
 The drive from West Point and Highland Falls to 
 Fort Montgomery is one of the finest in the country. 
 It affords some of the most delightful views, and there 
 are many elegant villa-residences to be seen along the 
 route. 
 
 The modern hamlet has but little business. Like 
 many other points along the river, its chief interest is 
 derived from its associations with the location and 
 capture of the forts. 
 
 WE.-iT GROVE 
 is a mountain hamlet, northwest of Highland Falls, in 
 the vicinity of the beautiful ponds that form so de- 
 lightful a feature of this elevated region. 
 
 The early settlers have been mentioned. There 
 is no business to be described in this locality. The 
 people of this beautiful mountain valley travel out to 
 Highland Falls, or over the hills to Cornwall, for trade 
 and for public business. 
 
HIGHLANDS. 
 
 815 
 
 VI.-SCHOOLS. 
 
 The notes upon the organization of the schools of 
 Cornwall, the names of the commissioners, inspec- 
 tors, and superintendents, there given for the period 
 from 1813 to 1856, must be referred to for information 
 with reference to the school affairs of what is now the 
 town of Highlands, then a part of Cornwall. 
 
 Outside of the military reservation there are now 
 three districts. No. 1 constitutes the Fort Mont- 
 gomery neighborhood. The school-house is located 
 on the river road, a short distance north from this 
 village. No. 2 comprises the village of Highland 
 Falls and the surrounding vicinity. 
 
 No. 3 comprises the West Grove neighborhood, with 
 a wide extent of mountain territory surrounding it. 
 The school-hou.se is in the valley of Bog Meadow 
 Creek. 
 
 A large territory in the southwest is attached to a 
 district of the town of Monroe, comprising a tract 
 from Cranberry Pond on the east to Mount Rascal on 
 the west, with not more than half a dozen families on 
 the whole extent. 
 
 Upon the military reservation there is maintained 
 a post-school for the children of soldiers and officers. 
 
 WEST POINT MILITARY ACADE.MY. 
 
 This place was deemed of national importance as a 
 military post during the war of the Revolution. At 
 the close of the war the interesting question was 
 thoroughly considered, how can the country be pre- 
 pared for war and be successfully defended without a 
 standing army ? 
 
 Such was the public sentiment of that day over 
 the rest of the civilized world that every nation 
 deemed a standing army indispensable to its safety; 
 but in this country public opinion was strongly 
 against it. On the other hand, men versed in the 
 affairs of government were aware of the danger of 
 wholly dispensing with an army, and still secure that 
 military knowledge which the exigencies of the future 
 might require for the defense of the republic. 
 
 Sept. 20, 177(5, the Continental Congress appointed 
 a committee, consisting of Messrs. Sherman, Gerry, 
 and Lewis, in accordance with a resolution of the 
 same date, " to repair to headquarters, near New 
 York, to inquire into the state of the army and the 
 best means of supplying its wants." 
 
 One result of the investigations then made was the 
 adoi)tion of the following resolution : 
 
 " Resolved, That the Board of War lie directed to prepare a Continental 
 Laboratory and a Military Academy, and provide the same with proper 
 officers." 
 
 At the request of the committee al)ove named, Col. 
 Henry Knox furnished a paper entitled " Hints for 
 the Improvement of the Artillery of the United 
 States." In that occurred the following paragraph : 
 
 . . . "And as officers can never act with confidence nntil they are 
 masters (f their profession, an Academy establislied on a liberal plan 
 would be of tile utmost service to the Continent, wliore the whole theory 
 
 and practice of fortification and gunnery should be taught : to be nearly 
 on the same plan as that of Woolwich, making allowance for the differ- 
 ence of circumstances ; a place to which our enemies are indebted for 
 the superiority of their artillery to all who have opposed them." 
 
 The matter being thus definitely brought to the 
 attention of Congress, the following resolutions were 
 adopted : 
 
 •'Continental Congress, 
 " Oct. 1, 1776. 
 *^ liesohcd. That a committee of five be appointed to prepare and bring 
 in a plan of a Military Academy at the army." 
 
 The members chosen were Mr. Hooper, Mr. Lynch, 
 Mr. Wythe, Mr. Williams, and Mr. J. Adams. 
 
 It does not appear that this committee ever re- 
 ported, or that any further steps were taken for some 
 years in reference to it. At that time, too, the idea 
 was evidently one of temporary instruction for ren- 
 dering the Continental army more efficient, and not 
 that of a permanent military school. 
 
 In determining the proper peace establishment 
 which should exist after the war closed, the import- 
 ance of making West Point a permanently fortified 
 place was clearly brought out. Brig.-Gen. Hunting- 
 don, in reporting upon this necessity, incidentally said, 
 "And with a small additional expense an academy 
 might be here instituted for instruction in all branches 
 of the military art." 
 
 Col. Timothy Pickering discussed the matter at 
 considerable length, opposed a proposition to establish 
 several such schools at different arsenals, but favored 
 one to be located at West Point. No immediate 
 action was, however, taken. Seven years elapsed be- 
 fore the project had any further official notice. 
 
 Gen. Knox, Secretary of War, in an official report, 
 Jan. 21, 1790, discussed the necessity for military 
 education in general, but did not propose a permanent 
 academy. 
 
 In 1793, Gen. Washington, in bis annual message, 
 suggested the inquiry, " Whether a material feature 
 in the improvement of the system of military defense 
 ought not to be to afford an opportunity for the study 
 of those branches of the art which can scarcely ever 
 be attained by practice alone." It is well known that 
 this matter was a subject of earnest discussion in the 
 cabinet at this time, and that the question whether 
 the Constitution gave Congress the authority to es- 
 tablish such a school was brought up, and rendered 
 Washington's recommendation less emphatic than it 
 would otherwise have been. 
 
 The act of May 7, 1794, shows that Congress was 
 also impressed with the necessity of military instruc- 
 tion in some form. It provided for a corps of artil- 
 lerists and engineers, to consist of four battalions, to 
 each of which eight cadets were to be attached, and 
 the Secretary of War was required to procure at the 
 public expense the necessary books, instruments, and 
 ai)paiatus for the use and benefit of said corps. 
 
 In 1798, Congress authorized an additional regiment 
 of the same force, and increased the cadets to 5(5. 
 
 There was yet no attempt to locate this corps at 
 
816 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 any one point, but the principle of admitting young 
 men to a cadet grade in the array was fully adopted. 
 
 In July, 1798, Congress authorized the President 
 to ajjpoint four teachers for this corps. Boynton's 
 history does not show that any were appointed, and 
 if there were their names do not appear. 
 
 In 1800 the subject wiis fully investigated by Mr. 
 McHenry, then head of the War Department, in a 
 message communicated to Congress by President Ad- 
 ams. It was supplemented by another message, Jan- 
 uary .31st, in which the propriety and necessity of 
 founding a military school were strongly enforced. 
 A bill was introduced into Congress for the creation 
 of such an institution. The bill was defeated by the 
 parliamentary motion of postponement to one day 
 beyond the session. But the subject was now fairly 
 before Congress in a definite form. 
 
 Two years more elapsed, and then Congress, under 
 date of Dee. 22, 1801, called upon the Secretary of 
 War to lay before the House a statement of the ex- 
 isting military establishment. It was furnished on 
 the 24th, and led to the passage of the act of JIarch 
 16, 1802, by which the peace establishment was de- 
 termined. By this act the artillerists and engineers 
 were made to constitute two distinct corps. To one 
 regiment of artillery 40 cadets were attached, and 
 to the corps of engineers 10 cadets. Section 27 pro- 
 vided that the said corps, when organized, shaU be sta- 
 tioned at West Point, in the State of New York, and shall 
 constitute a militari/ academy. 
 
 The institution, as it went into operation under this 
 act, was nothing more than a mathematical school for 
 the few cadets who were then in service, and under 
 the direction of a private citizen, George Barron. 
 
 Col. Jonathan Williams, reporting with reference 
 to the school, March 14, 1808, says, — 
 
 " A part only of the otficera were appointed soon after the passage of 
 the act, of whom the major (Williams), who was ex-officio the chief en- 
 gineer, and two captains (Barron and Mansfield) took charge of the 
 academy, the students of which were the cadets belonging to the regi- 
 ment of artillery. The major occasionally read lectures on fortifications, 
 gave practical lessons in the field, and taught the use of instruments 
 geneially. The two captains taught mathematics,— the one in the line 
 of geometrical, the other in that of algebraical, demonstrations.*' 
 
 Soon after the opening power was given by law to 
 appoint a teacher of drawing and of the French lan- 
 guage. It is evident that at this time the institution 
 was a small and comparatively unimportant affair. 
 The report, indeed, said of it, " In short, the Military 
 Academy, as it now stands, is like a foundling, barely 
 existing among the mountains, and nurtured at a dis- 
 tance, out of sight, and almost unknown to its legiti- 
 mate parents." 
 
 A congressional committee — consisting of Messrs. 
 Nicholas, of Virginia ; Troup, of Georgia; Desha, of 
 Kentucky ; Upliam, of Jlassachusetts ; and Milner, 
 of Pennsylvania— reported a bill April 12, 1808, which 
 added l.'jti members to tlie corps of cadets. This gave 
 to the institution a much greater extent, and it began 
 to be in some sense a national school. During the 
 
 next four years it received the attention of President 
 Madison, and his messages had frequent recommen- 
 dations with reference to it. • 
 
 April 29, 1812, there was passed the act which 
 really laid the broad basis of the West Point Military 
 Academy of the present time. The number of ca- 
 dets was limited to 260. The requirements for ad- 
 mission, the term of study and service, and the rate 
 of pay and emoluments were definitely prescribed. 
 The institution, thus fully established, did not, and 
 does not, consist in buildings, apparatus, and location, 
 but in a regularly-constituted military body, whose 
 officers and professors are appointed, confirmed, and 
 commissioned in the same manner and form as other 
 army oflScers, and subjected to the same rules and 
 articles of war as govern all the land forces of the 
 United States. 
 
 It is not within the design of this article to trace 
 the subsequent history of this institution, nor would 
 the limits of this volume permit. Having shown th& 
 successive steps taken in establishing the academy, we 
 can only add the following notice of the board of in- 
 struction :* 
 
 The first board of instruction, as provided in 1801, 
 consisted of the following officers : 
 
 Superintendent, Jonathan Williams, major of en- 
 gineers, April, 1802. 
 
 Teacher of Mathematics, William A. Barron, cap- 
 tain of engineers, April, 1802. 
 
 Teacher of Natural Philosophy, .lared Mansfield, 
 captain of engineers. May, 1802. 
 
 James Wilson, student, first lieutenant engineers. 
 
 Alexander McComb, student, first lieutenant en- 
 gineers. 
 
 Joseph G. Swift, student, second lieutenant engi- 
 neers. 
 
 Simon McLin, student, second lieutenant engi- 
 neers. 
 
 The superintendents from 1802 to 1880 have been 
 as follows : 
 
 Jonathan Williams, major corps of engineers, from 
 April, 1802, to July 31, 1812. 
 
 Alden Partridge, captain corps of engineers, from 
 Jan. 3, 181.5, to Nov. 25, 1816. 
 
 Joseph G. Swift, colonel corps of engineers, and 
 brevet brigadier-general U.S.A., from Nov. 2.5, 1816, 
 to Jan. 13, 1817. 
 
 * We find the following advertisements in old papers : 
 
 " Proposals will be received by the subscriber to build on the plain at 
 the post of West Point next spring and summer a plain strong dry 
 stone wall two hundred and thirty I'ods long — to be sunk 15 inches 
 below the surface and raised five feet above it ; the base to be 3 feet in 
 thickness and the top VZ inches. 
 
 "The ditch for the foundation is to be filled with small round stones 
 promiscuously thrown in to within six inches of the surface. Payment 
 if required will be made on the completion of each fifty rods of said wal' 
 
 "George Fleming, 
 " Acty. Assist. Mililnry Aijeid. 
 
 "West Point. Nov. 11, 1805." 
 
 April 9, 1821, I. Green, captain Quartermaster's Department, Militai 
 Academy, West Point, advertises for IGOO cords of oak-wood, to be deli 
 ered at the Military Academy, to be sound, straight, merchantable woo 
 
HIGHLANDS. . 
 
 817 
 
 Alden Partridge, captain corps of engineers, from 
 Jan. 13, 1817, to July 28, 1817. 
 
 Sylvanus Tliayer, captain corps of engineer.'', and 
 brevet major U.S.A., from July 28, 1817, to July 1, 
 1833. 
 
 Renfi E. DeRussy, major corps of engineers, from 
 July 1, 1833, to Sept. 1, 1838. 
 
 Richard Delatield, major corps of engineers, from 
 Sept. 1, 1838, to Aug. 15, 1845. 
 
 Henry Brewerton, captain corps of engineers, from 
 Aug. 15, 1845, to Sept. 1, 1852. 
 
 Robert E. Lee, captain corps of engineers, and bre- 
 vet colonel U.S.A., from Sept. 1, 1852, to April 1, 1855. 
 
 Jonathan G. Barnard, captain corps of engineers, 
 and brevet major L'.S.A., from April 1, 1855, to Sept. 
 8, 1856. 
 
 Richard Delafield, major corps of engineers, from 
 Sept. 8, 1856, to Jan. 23, 1861. 
 
 Peter G. T. Beauregard, captain corps of engineers, 
 and brevet major U.S.A., from Jan. 23, 1861, to Jan. 
 28, 1861. 
 
 Richard Delafield, major corps of engineers, from 
 Jan. 28, 1861, to March 1, 1861. 
 
 Alexander H. Bowman, major corps of engineers, 
 from March 1, 1861, to July 1, 1864. 
 
 Z. B. Tower, major, from July 8, 1864, to Sept. 8, 
 1864. 
 
 G. W. Cullum, lieutenant-colonel, from Sept. 8, 
 1864, to Aug. 28, 1866. 
 
 Thomas G. Pitcher, colonel, from Aug. 28, 1866, to 
 Sept. 1, 1871. 
 
 Thomas H. Ruger, colonel, from Sept. 1, 1871, to 
 Sept. 1, 1876. 
 
 J. M. Schofield, major-general, from Sept. 1, 1876, 
 to present date. 
 
 Subsequently to the compiling of the above list 
 Gen. Schoiield was relieved, and Gen. Howard was 
 assigned to the command of the department. 
 
 The history of tlie West Point Military Academy 
 has been so fully written by Capt. Boynton in his 
 complete work; by Lo.ssing in his " Field-Book of the 
 Revolution," and by so many other authors, that it is 
 deemed unnecessary to treat of the subject further in 
 this history. 
 
 HIGHLAND FALL.S SCHOOL. 
 This institution occupies a most beautiful site ujwn 
 the banks of the Hudson at Highland Falls. A sum- 
 mer hotel of ample dimensions, standing a short dis- 
 tance south of Cozzens', was converted into a school 
 building. The course of instruction is thorough. 
 Special attention is given to preparing young men for 
 admission to West Point. I 
 
 VII.-CHUECHES. 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN SOCIETY OF THE 
 
 HIGHLANDS 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Oct. 12, 1830. 
 
 The proceedings were signed by Nathaniel Gregory 
 
 and Samuel Spencer, and the trustees chosen were 
 
 William Howe, of Buttermilk Falls; Samuel Spencer, 
 of West Point ; and Peter Meeks, of West Grove. In 
 this movement it was deemed best to take a wider 
 view of the necessities of this entire region than was 
 indicated by the above organization, and hence, under 
 date of one day later, we find the following: 
 
 THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN SOCIETY OF THE 
 HIGHLANDS 
 executed a paper under date of Oct. 13, 1830, pro- 
 posing to erect two houses of worship, — one to be 
 located near Buttermilk Falls, the other to be erected 
 for the convenience of the people residing at the Forest 
 of Dean, Queensborough, and part of Fort Mont- 
 gomery neighborhood ; these hoases of worship to be 
 open for the use of other denominations subject to 
 reasonable regulations. The proceedings were signed 
 by William Howe, Samuel Spencer, Peter Meeks. 
 Twenty years later (April 1, 1850), the society was 
 reorganized under the title of 
 
 "THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF THE 
 HIUHLANDS." 
 The certificate was signed by John Van Deventer and 
 John W. Hall. The trustees chosen were David 
 Parry, Cornelius Nelson, Charles P. Smith, Alex- 
 ander Mearns, and John M. Hall. We have no sta- 
 tistics of the church in response to our request. 
 
 Rev. E. P. Roe, now of Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, 
 was the pastor for some years. 
 
 The present pastor (January, 1881) is Rev. Mr. 
 Williams. An efficient Sunday-school is maintained. 
 
 THE FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH AT 
 FORT MONTGOMERY 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Jan. 11, 1831. 
 The proceedings were signed by Thomas Potter and 
 Ebenezer Bull, and the trustees chosen were Thomas 
 Potter, Ebenezer Bull, Michael Jaquish, Hiram Ty- 
 lor, and Silas Rockwell. This certificate shows un- 
 doubtedly the leading men interested in Methodist 
 work in this place fifty years ago. The church has a 
 good house of worship. We regret that a history of 
 the church, in response to our invitation, has not 
 reached us. 
 
 THE FIRST PROTESTANT METHODIST CHURCH AT 
 BUTTERMILK FALLS 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation March 4, 1845. 
 The proceedings were signed by Charles P. Smith and 
 James Thackara. The trustees chosen were Andrew 
 Swaim, David Parry, James Thackara, Charles P. 
 Smith, Wright Dusenbury. 
 
 This effort was discontinued after a short time, and 
 the society ceased to exist, its members uniting with 
 other denominations. 
 
 THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF HIGH- 
 LAND FALLS. 
 
 This constitutes one of the strong religious societies 
 of the town. A house of worship was erected a few 
 
818 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUiNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 years since, and the society has a parsonage con- 
 veniently situated. 
 
 A history of this church, expected from the pastor, 
 has not reached us. 
 
 THE CHURCH OP THE HOLY INNOCENTS (EPISCO- 
 PAL), CORNWALL, 
 
 executed a certificate of incorporation Sept. 13, 1850. 
 The paper was signed by Francis Kider, E. S. Smith, 
 and Rev. J. B. Gibson. The wardens chosen were 
 Robert W. Weir and Thomas Webb ; the vestrymen 
 were Dennis H. Mahar, W. H. C. Bartlett, A. E. 
 Cliurch, Francis Rider, R. S. Agnew, Thomas Corris, 
 B. R. Alden, and R. S. Smith. Of this church the 
 present pastor writes as follows : 
 
 " The Church of the Holy Innocents, Highland 
 Falls, Orange Co., owes its existence in a great 
 measure to the liberality of Prof. Robert W. Weir, 
 for many years in charge of the department of draw- 
 ing and painting in the United States Military Acad- 
 emy. The building was begun in the spring of 1846, 
 and when finished was consecrated by Bishop De- 
 Lancey, July.l, 1847. In laying out the plot for the 
 church. Prof. Weir placed it on the arc of a great 
 circle passing longitudinally through the middle of 
 the building and the City of Jerusalem, in allusion 
 to Solomon's dedication of the Temple, and also of 
 Daniel's opening his window towards the Holy City 
 when he prayed. 
 
 " The material of which the church is built is the 
 native stone, quarried on the spot. The baptismal 
 font, of pre-eminently beautiful design and execution, 
 was made also from a simple block of the native 
 granite obtained in the near vicinity. Solidity, sim- 
 plicity, and truth are the characteristics of the archi- 
 tecture, and the devout worshiper in this house of 
 God cannot fail to be impressed with the feeling of 
 revei-ence which its simple beauty and correct orna- 
 mentation inspire. The church will seat about 250 
 people; camp-stools placed in the aisles increase its 
 seating capacity. 
 
 "The ground on which the church and rectory 
 stand was deeded by the late W. B. Cozzens and wife 
 to trustees, and subsequently vested in the church on 
 its being incorporated, and consists of one and four- 
 tenths acres. The present rector. Rev. W. R. Thomas, 
 M.A., is the sixth in succession, his predecessors 
 having been the Rev. C. H. Hall, D.D. (now of Holy 
 Trinity, Brooklyn, L. I.), the Rev. Messrs. Preston, 
 J. B. Gibson, D.D., Henry E. Duncan, D.D., and the 
 late Rev. Minot M. Wells. The latter clergyman 
 held the rectorship for eighteen years. 
 
 "There are now (July, 1880) 100 communicants 
 connected with the church, a floui'ishing Sunday- 
 school, and various parochial agencies for the effi- I 
 cient carrying on of its legitimate work. The body ' 
 corporate of this church (July, 1880) is as follows: 
 Rector, Rev. W. R. Thomas, M..\. ; Senior Warden, 1 
 Prof. Robert W. Weir;- Junior Warden, Stephen R. 
 
 Roe, Esq. ; Vestrymen, Prof George L. Andrews, 
 Charles Tracy, Esq., John Pierpont Morgan, Esq., 
 Mr. Andr€ Freis, Ezra Drew, Esq., Col. Alfred 
 Mordecai, James Duane Pell, Esq., Capt. Stanhope 
 E. Blunt." 
 
 CHURCH OF THE SACRED HEART (CATHOLIC). 
 
 This parish was formed Dec. 15, 1870, the Most 
 Rev. John McCloskey, Archbishop (now Cardinal) 
 of New York, appointing Rev. T. J. Earley as pas- 
 tor. This place was attended from Cold Spring up to 
 this date. On taking charge he found a small church, 
 in an out-of-the-way place, dedicated to St. Thomas. 
 After much trouble there was secured in November, 
 1872, the present site from Mr. Theodore Cozzens for 
 the sum of .$5000 cash. The location is the best in 
 this town, elevated several feet above the West Point 
 road, and directly opposite Cozzens' Hotel. The build- 
 ing is Gothic in style, with a spire some 125 feet high. 
 The material used in construction is the granite of this 
 neighborhood for the biisement part, which is 13 feet 
 high. The rest of the building is the best of hard 
 brick, with Ohio stone trimmings. Its dimensions, 
 93 feet long and 46 feet wide. In all respects itself 
 and grounds (about one and one-half acres, which 
 are kept in thorough repair and ornamented with 
 flowers and shrubberies) are the most picturesque in 
 the place. The cost of the church was about $19,000. 
 The building was erected in 1875-76. 
 
 In 1876 also was erected a pastoral residence at a 
 cost of over $6000. The pastor has likewise to attend 
 to the spiritual wants of West Point, where there are 
 some 800 Catholics of all ages; the number at this 
 place being about 700; in the whole parish about 
 1500 or over. 
 
 There has been no change in pastor since the foun- 
 dation of the parish. Everything is in a progressive 
 state at present. There are in the Sunday-schools 
 near 400 children, with teachers sufficient to instruct 
 them. 
 
 VIII.-BUEIAL-PLACES. 
 
 As in all other towns, these possess much interest 
 in the study of the past. Oftentimes one broken, 
 rough stone, with a few initials and a single date, 
 will throw a clear light upon family history or upon 
 more public annals. In other cemeteries patriotic 
 recollections are kindled, and the times that tested 
 a nation's patriotism will be indicated on the records 
 of those who died for their native land. Both these 
 elements commingle in studying the cemeteries of 
 Highlands. The most noted of these is at West Point, 
 on the military grounds. 
 
 THE HUniLAND UNION CEMETERY 
 
 was incorporated by a certificate executed Feb. 17, 
 1860. James Denton was chosen chairman of the 
 meeting for organization, and Cornelius Nelson sec- 
 retary. The trustees named in this instrument were 
 
HIGHLANDS. 
 
 819 
 
 John Denton, Peter 0. Regan, Cornelius Nelson, John 
 W. Hall, David Parry, William Avery, James Miller, 
 Isaac Faurot, and Stephen D. Morrison. 
 
 This organization laid out with taste and skill a 
 cemetery of ample proportions. 
 
 IX.-SOCIETIES. 
 
 There is maintained at Highland Fal 
 Masons and also one of Odd-Fellows. 
 
 a lodge of 
 
 X.-PLACES OF HISTOKIC INTEREST. 
 WEST POINT. 
 A former writer described so well and briefly the 
 various charms of this place that we unhesitatingly 
 quote from his article : 
 
 "West Point will ever occupy a prominent place in tbe annals of 
 America. It is intimately connected with the history of our liberty and 
 our existence at? an independent nation. At an early period chosen sls a 
 Diilitary station, it became the stronghold of the army during the Revo- 
 lution, and was emphatically the Gibraltar of our hopes. The key to 
 New England and the Middle States, it formed one of the greatest bar- 
 riera to the operations of the British, whose bold and deep-laid plans for 
 its destruction proved their well-grounded conviction of its strength and 
 importance. Had the fiendish machination.^ of the p«rjured traitor been 
 crowned with snccess, a deep, nay fatal blow must have been struck to 
 the cause of fref<ltfni. Hut the God of battles was on the side of the weak 
 and oppressed. He placed in operation tlmse means which crushed the 
 foul plot on the very verge of its denouement, and overwhelmed with dis- 
 grace and ignominy those who were lending their aid to its consumma- 
 tiuu. Never can we be suffiL-iently grateful for the intervention of Provi- 
 dence in this crisis of affairs, when the dark clouds of adversity which 
 hnd been gathering from all quartei-s were just ready to burst upon our 
 devoted heads with all their fury, and render a cause, already desperate, 
 absolutely hopeless. The Genius of Liberty had well-nigh winged its 
 flight to more congenial regions, when, recovering from the shock, it 
 atoned for its momentary reverie by sleepless vigilance, and fixed its 
 abode in these everlasting hills. The footsteps of Washington and Kos- 
 ciusco have hallowed this spot. About a mile to the north is a beautiful 
 little valley, almost hid by the overhanging hills which lend their deep, 
 cool shade to avert from it the heat of the summer's sun. Its smooth 
 beach Is washed by the dark waters of the Hudson, whilst through it 
 flows with gentle murmurs a pure stream of cool water from the deep 
 ravine formed by the surrounding hills. Here was Washington's head- 
 quarters, and the retired little spot is at this day known as Washington's 
 Valley. On the east the shore is bold and abrupt, and, even at the pres- 
 ent time, wild, well wooded, and picturesque. Many a miniature pro- 
 montory and retired recess mark the general outline, whilst rock piled 
 upon rock in huge masses gives a wild confusion to the scenery. One 
 Bpot there is, especially, where the solid granite lifts itself perpendicularly 
 from the river to a great height. About 100 feet from its base it recedes, 
 furming a level space of a few feet in area, when it towers up again till 
 it reaches the table-land above. This natural platform is reached by a 
 long flight of stone steps from above, and is graced with a few shrubs 
 and shade-trees, and a fountai n fed by a stre;im from the adjacent lieight. 
 This retired and romantic spot when in its original wilderness used to be 
 the favorite resort of Kosciusco whilst stationed at the Point, and is still 
 known as ' Kosciusco's Garden.* On the north the shore is less abrupt, 
 and slopes more gra^luaily towards the river Bordering on the water's 
 edge is the little village of Camptown, where are quartered the families 
 of the soldiers and laborers connected with the i)08t. The artillery, dra- 
 goon, and band barracks are in the immediate vicinity. Near the eastern 
 extremity of this slope is the public wharf, at which all tbe regular buats 
 land on their passage up and down the river. At this point are stationed 
 the cannon which the cadets use in practicing upon the target about a 
 mile beyond, near Washington's Valley. A very gne road winds along 
 the side of the hill, from the wharf to the plain above. Near the brow 
 of the hill are two large stone stables for the cavalry. A turreted wall 
 of stone masunry also incloses a square area, which is used as a place of 
 storage ; a number of pieces of ordnance au<i various Revolutionary relics 
 are deposited here. Within thisspace also stand three small stone build- 
 ings which are severally used as a laboratory, a blacksmith's, and a joiner's 
 
 shop. The plain occupies an area of about 80 acreSi and in shape is a 
 
 trapezium of which the two longest sides border upon the river. On the 
 south the table-land continues witli more or less undulations to the dis 
 tauce of several miles. In the rear, hill rises upon hill till tost in the 
 loftiest peaks. On one of tlie highest of these hills, called ' Mount Inde- 
 pendence,' stands Fort Putnam, a fortification of no little renown. It 
 was commenced in 1778, and i;onsidering the time and circumstances in 
 which it was built, is an immense piece of work. It occupies a large 
 space, and is built of the gneiss rock, though the mortar used in its con- 
 struction has by its decomposition given it precisely tbe appearance of 
 limestone. The heiglit of its walls will average about 20 feet : in the 
 rear it abuts upon a precipice of more than 100 feet. Time and the hand 
 of violence have done much to deprive it of its original glory. Already 
 have all the turrets and embrasures gone, and deep chasms are yawning 
 in the main fortification. Several of tbe large casemates remain entire, 
 whilst but the traces of others are visible. It is a noble ruin, and seems 
 worthy of a better fate than to be suffered thus to crumble away piece- 
 meal in decay. The situation is a commanding one, and the surrounding 
 view is truly grand, comprising as it does the amphitheatre of hills and 
 mountains, tbe Hudson, and the Point itself, with its smooth green plain, 
 its white tents, and neat edifices. The ruins of numerous smaller fortifi- 
 cationsand redoubts are visible from this elevation, the principal of wliich 
 are Forts Webb and Wyllys. Indeed, every eminence of importance in 
 the neighborhood has its ruins of bastions and ramparls,~incontroverti- 
 ble witnesses of the 'times that tried men's souls.' North of the Point 
 and above Washington's Valley is the cemetery, a retired spot, on the 
 brow of a bold promontory, and now the resting-place of several cadets 
 and former residents of the post. A number of neat and beautiful monu- 
 ments adorn the grounds and record the names and, virtues of the sleep- 
 era beneath. Above and beyond towers, in all its pristine grandeur, stern 
 old Cro' Nest. Rocky and precipitous, it rears its crest 14<)0 feet above 
 the water at its base. Clothed iu majesty, it appears a giant sentinel 
 placed there to guard the peaceful scene within from tlio din and confu- 
 sion of the outer world, and to forbid intrusion upon its sacred charge. 
 The view from its summit is surpassingly grand, — nay, enchanting. A 
 panorama comprising every variety of scenery suddenly bursts upon the 
 eye, surprising and bewildering the beholder with its extent, beauty, and 
 sublimity. Time would fail us were we to attempt to enumerate any 
 more than the most important objects of interest iu the neighborhood of 
 West Point. Being situated on an elevation of 160 feet, it is not seen to 
 good advantage from the water beneath. On the Soutliern e.\posure, 
 however, the hospital, academic bviilding, chapel, and library strike the 
 eye, — all fine edifices, and built principally of stone from the neighbor- 
 ing quarries. 
 
 "Near the hotel, and directly above Gee's Point at the bend of the 
 river, is situated Fort Clinton, of which nothing but the mounds, over- 
 grown with turf, now remain. Within its limits is Kosciusco's monu- 
 ment, a neat and simple tribute of respect from the corps of cadets, 
 erected in 1828. Just above Kosciusco's Garden has been recently i?rected 
 a monument to the memory of Major Dade and his command, who fell in 
 the Florida war. A square block of marble, on which are the inscrip- 
 tions, rests upon a granite base. At each corner is an upriglit cannon, 
 supporting a projecting cap. Above this rises a graceful column, sur- 
 mounted by an eagle with extended pinions, and grasping in his beak a 
 wreath of laurels which encircles the shaft to its base. It is a beautiful 
 piece of sculpture, and forms a striking and picturesque object in the 
 scenery from the water. 
 
 "Contiguous to the public lands south of the ceded territory lies the 
 property of Z. J. D. Kinsley, Esq., a graduate of the Military Academy, 
 and for a long time an instructor in the institution. After continuing in 
 the service seventeen years, he resigned his commission in the army, and, 
 retinng to private life, soon after established an academy on his own re- 
 sponsibility. The institution is known as the ' Classical and Mathemat- 
 ical School,' and occupies one of the finest locations amid the highlands. 
 It has no connection with the Military Academy, being entirely inde- 
 pendent and separate from it. Standing as it does more than 250 feet 
 above tlie water, on the brow of one of lliose wood-crowned heights, mid- 
 way between the river and the mountain beyond, it posscases a beautiful 
 southern exposure, and a moat commanding prospect. The spacious 
 buildings occupy the very site of a Revolutionary fortification, being one 
 of a chain of redoubts extending from Fort Putnam to the river. Thus 
 has its warlike glory passed away, its ramparts have been leveled, and Mars 
 has yielded to Flora, the goddess of flowers and blossoms. In the rear, 
 Fort Wyllys frowns upon it from an over-hanging height, and, now but a 
 wreck of its former grandeur, opposes itself as a barrier to tbe fury of the 
 northwest blasts which dash against its time-worn bastions. From this 
 site the Hudson assumes the aspect of a natural lake, entirely barricaded 
 
820 
 
 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK. 
 
 from egress at any point by the surrounding hills, which to all appear- 
 ance form a perfect basin. The powerful steamboat darts from behind 
 a wooded crag, jiarts the smooth waters with hurried strokes, and in a 
 few momeuts is lost again to view as if by magic. The snow-white sail 
 iasoes from the green hills, dashes on in mad career before the favoring 
 breeze, and anon seems disappearing into the caverns of /Eolus, the sov- 
 ereign of the winds. The highlands of the Hudson! Wliat beauty, what 
 variety of picturesque sceneo' do they preseut !" 
 
 THE GRAVE OF MOLLY PITCHER. 
 
 The story of Molly Pitcher has often been told, 
 but yet awakens a stirring and patriotic interest, and 
 cannot be omitted from the history of the present town 
 of Highlands, upon whose soil she lived and died. 
 She was in Fort Clinton at the time of its capture by 
 the British in October, 1777. When the enemy scaled 
 the parapet her husband, who was an artilleryman, 
 dropped his portfire and fled, but Molly caught it up 
 and discharged the last gun fired by the Americans. 
 Nine months afterwards, at the memorable battle of 
 Monmouth, although but twenty-two years of age, 
 she illustrated her devotion to her husband, who was 
 serving a gun, by bringing him water during the 
 action from a neighboring spring. A shot from the 
 enemy killed him at his post, and the ofiicer in com- 
 mand, having no one competent to fill his place, 
 ordered the piece to be withdrawn. Molly saw her 
 husband fall as she came from the spring, and also 
 heard the order. She dropped her bucket, seized the 
 rammer, and vowed she would fill his place at the gun 
 and avenge his death. She performed the duty with a 
 skill and courage which attracted the attention of all 
 who saw her. On the following morning, covered with 
 dirt and blood, Gen. Greene presented her to Gen. 
 Washington, who, admiring her bravery, conferred 
 upon her the appointment of a sergeant. By his 
 recommendation her name was placed upon the half- 
 pay list for life. She is described as a stout, red-haired, 
 freckle-faced young Irishwoman, with a handsome, 
 piercing eye. She was a great favorite in the army, 
 usually appearing with an artilleryman's coat over 
 her dress and wearing a cocked hat. 
 
 According to Boynton's history, from which these 
 facts are taken, she must have died young, — not more 
 than thirty-three years old. She was provided for at 
 West Point, as appears from various passages in the 
 letters of Maj. Fleming, addressed to Gen. Knox, 
 then Secretary of War. She lived in the family of 
 Mrs. Swim, and also in that of Mr. Denniston. 
 
 FORT MONTGOMERY AND FORT CLINTON, 
 at the southeast angle of the town, are the principal 
 places of Revolutionary association below West Point. 
 These are mentioned in the General History included 
 in this volume, and are fully described in Lossing's 
 " Field-Book of the Revolution." In fact this whole 
 river front has been the theme of poet, painter, his- 
 torian, and novelist for a hundred years past. Amer- 
 ican literature is rich with the materials gathered 
 along these rocky shores, and they need no further 
 illustration in these pages. 
 
 XI.— INDUS TKIAL PUKSUITS. 
 
 The agricultural products of this town can nev 
 a.ssume much prominence. There is a small amou 
 only of arable land. This is mostly on the plate 
 above the high, rocky banks of the river, and in t 
 narrow valleys of the streams. A large portion oft 
 town must always be left to its native wildness, mu 
 of the mountain region being too rocky even to co 
 stitute grazing lands if they were cleared. T 
 products of the forest have to a limited extent form 
 an item of industry. 
 
 XII.— MILITARY. 
 
 The territory now embraced in the town of Hig 
 lands was the theatre of stirring events in the war 
 the Revolution ; but this subject is treated with mU' 
 care in a preceding chapter devoted to Revolutiona 
 history, and need not be repeated here. 
 
 WAR OF lS(!l-6o. 
 
 The official action which was taken in the war 1 
 the Union is given in the history of Cornwall, 
 which Highlands then formed a part. It must 
 added that these mountain districts poured out th( 
 sons liberally for the defense of the government. 
 
 The following list is furnished by Mr. Michf 
 Mahar, of Highland Falls : 
 
 UhitedStates Engineers. — Isaac H. Birdsley, Michael Maher, John Birdsl 
 Michael Garvey, Isaac Ryder, Warren Ryder, Charles Mandigo, Hei 
 Laforge, Bernard Laforge, Ferris Laforge, Stepiien Meekt, John B 
 liday, James Faurot, John Brooks, Thomas W.alden, John Boweu, 
 Bowen, James Weyaut, Wesley Weyant, Edward Harris, Geo 
 Harris, Thos. Murphy, Edward Holland, Frank G. Turner, Ed. Tha 
 ara, James Swim, Joseph Bliller, Anthony Miller, Peter Hany 
 Joel Jenkins, John Myer, Ed, Bross, Benj. Bowne, John Holla 
 Charles Hager, James Tobin, Peter Monaghan, Peter Lark, Jos< 
 Lark, Timothy Maher, Joel Conly, Daniel Weeks, Andrew Wet 
 Samuel Talloian, Stephen Deni&on, Jacob Bettman, Jacob Kins 
 Charles Kinsler, H. W. Baldwin, George Chace, Jacob Foster, Nel 
 Lewis, William Wallace, Ezra Taylor, James Hamilton, John C 
 way, Joel Cook, Charles Conway, James Lewis, Washington Spri 
 sted, Tliomas Cox, Timothy Cox. 
 
 N. Y. S. Volnuteers. — Richard Rollins, Samuel Rollins, Samuel Pot- 
 Robert Potter, Frank Rhineiield, Thos. Lewis, George Serrin, Jt 
 Swim, Joseph Brovvnley, Ed. Ginger, Jabez Odell, Win. Odell, Da 
 Odell, Henry R. Turner, John A. Meyer, Smith Birdsley, Mich 
 Hager, Thomas Wilson, William Stephens, George Stephens, Antlu 
 Goodsell, James Cox, Jr., James Cox, Sr., Gardiner Havens, John Mi 
 Abuer Curry, Barney Kenny, William Curtis, John Turner, Jos( 
 Turner, Isaac Odell, Peter C. Regan, Michael Cox, Samuel Hany 
 Mervin Van Zile, James Crosby, Joseph Adolph, George Gettm 
 Thomas Sexton, Wm. Tobin, James Moran, Thomas Bloran, .\ug 
 Ritzu, Lewis Ritzu, Charles Rupp, George Piano, Frank Bo 
 Henry Bock, Charles Monell, Abraham Knitfin, Charles Purdy, Jt 
 Richards, Thomas Gafney, Elisha Hall, John Hall, Michael Farr 
 Capt. Wm. H. Wheeler (U.S.A.), Ezra Doty, John B. Brosseau, . 
 John B. Brosseau, Sr., James Wilson, George Slawson, W. M. Cro 
 Heni-y Oscar Dingee, Bartholomew Cavenaugh, Thomas H. Li 
 William Reed, Alexander Reed, Peter Hubler, Thomas L. Cor 
 Moses Rumsey, Joseph Dilles, James McCallum, Thomas McCi 
 Wm. Jaquish, Wm. Brennan, Lewis Lark, Henry lirennan, Angus 
 Nelson, Moses B. Nelson, Lewis F. Goodsell, Joseph Goodsell, Josi 
 Frost, William Lewis, Conrad Sagle, William Hunter, Albert Hoc 
 Patrick Murray, John Mahoney, John Maher, John Cook, Geo 
 Hall, Walter Hall, Peter Shirts, Sylvester Owens, William Di 
 Charles Doty, William Birdsley, 
 
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