On Filling Library Orders 
 
 In SCRIBNER'S Library 
 Department special atten- 
 tion is given to the follow- 
 ing details, which will 
 interest LIBRARIANS: 
 
 S^i^ 
 
 CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 
 
 15^-15- FIFTH A VENT K. N K W YORK 
 
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 gJ^MKERalAYLORC? 
 
AME^RJC^N I 
 
 ASSOCIATION 
 
 I 
 
 TWE N T Y - FI FTH ANNUAL 
 C O N F E, P^ E, N C E 
 NIAGAP^A FAJLLS 
 tJUNE, Z2. - Z7 MCMIII 
 
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 Ar 
 
 IN EXCHANGE 
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W H 1-. R K I N W I-, T A K F. PRIDE 
 
 HE Niagara Region, by which title the 
 
 in'land-stretching banks of our river, from 
 
 Erie to Ontario, are known to man, 
 
 . touches the history of many persons, of 
 
 many inventions, and of many branches 
 
 : of universal knowledge, at many points. 
 
 In the records of the American Indian, 
 
 of France, of Great Britain, of Canada, 
 
 and of the United States, 
 
 "Its name is on their pages. 
 And vou cannot blot it out." 
 
 "Tell of its glory, and of its story, in half a 
 dozen pages ? " Impossible. 
 
 " Refer to a few of its many claims to renown r " 
 Gladly. 
 
 Its narrative is " histor\ ," in the broadest and 
 best sense; for it tells, not only of "wars and 
 rumors of wars," but also of the religions, of the 
 civilization, of the arts of peace, and of the progresses 
 of many peoples. 
 
 It dates back, in Indian tradition, to the remotest 
 past; and in Indian story, for years before a white 
 man trod its soil. 
 
 Its name is writ large in the Indian Missions of 
 the Roman Catholic Church, and in the service of 
 her priests under the flag bearing the lilies of 
 France. 
 
 It has acknowledged, on its eastern shore, the 
 sovereignty, in turn, of three of the great nations of 
 the modern world ; and on its western shore, of 
 two of them. 
 
It has seen battles, some ot undving fame, and 
 decisive of the ownership of vast areas, perhaps ot 
 the continent, fought within its limits. 
 
 Many times and long has diplomacy exerted all 
 of its arts and of its abilities for its acquisition. 
 
 It has played a not unimportant part in the west- 
 ward extension of civilization and of settlement. 
 
 Its name is linked with that of commerce, both 
 on land and water. 
 
 It is associated with the sciences, in several paths. 
 
 It is prominent, through its reproductions, in the 
 illustrative ; and through its achievements, in the 
 mechanical arts. 
 
 Its scenic grandeur, and the actions ot two 
 sovereign commonwealths, in preserving the sur- 
 roundings of its main glory for all time for the tree 
 use of all mankind, are known of all men. 
 
 And, in the literature of the world, and in many 
 tongues, if holds :i hv no means inconspicuous 
 place. 
 
 Indian tradition tells that the aborigines were 
 wont to gaze in awe upon the spray ot the Falls, as 
 being the abode of the Great Spirit of Niagara, 
 whom the tribes, from far and near, worshiped; and 
 to whom they offered as sacrifices, by casting into 
 the waters, weapons of the braves, for success in war 
 and in the chase ; and truits of the earth, for the 
 abundance of the crops. In still higher homage, in 
 propitiation of His favor to their race, they annually 
 sacrificed the fairest maiden of the nation, chosen 
 by lot; sending her over the Falls in a white canoe 
 bedecked with fruits and flowers. After death, the 
 chiefs were laid to rest on Goat Island, which " none 
 
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 but brave men e'er could reach," and which has 
 been called " the most interesting spot in all Amer- 
 ica." In later days the Neuter Nation held sway 
 over this regi-on, until obliterated, about 1650, by 
 the savage Senecas, who remained " lords ot the 
 soil," even under French occupation, until com- 
 pelled to cede it to Britain, in 1764, as payment tor 
 past hostilities. 
 
 Priests of the Catholic Church, who daily risked 
 their lives as thev carried the Gospel to the Indian 
 tribes in an unknown wilderness, were here during 
 the seventeenth century. In 1626, Father Daillon 
 crossed its stream, " the 
 great river of the Neu- 
 trals"; and others, 
 between that date 
 and 1679, when 
 Hennepin and his 
 Brother Recollects, 
 w h o accompanied 
 the explorer La Salle, 
 stood upon its banks 
 It is to Father Hennepi 
 that the world owes the earliest Migara(Hennep: 
 description of the Falls, and the first picture 
 thereof. While Champlain, who never saw them, 
 made the first reference to them in literature, just 
 three centuries ago this year ; and Father Rague- 
 neau, in 1648, wrote of this "cataract of tearful 
 height " ; it is Hennepin's " great and prodigious 
 cadence of waters, which falls down after a surpris- 
 ing and astonishinar manner, insomuch that the 
 
universe does not afford its parallel," that remains 
 even until to-day as the quaintest and best known 
 ot all descriptions thereof. 
 
 The earlier cross-bearers came singly or b\ ;\^w^. 
 Hennepin and those after him were in the companv 
 of armed men. Yet neither the voluntary suffer- 
 ings of the first nor the enforced teachings of the 
 last wrought any permanent Christian benefits 
 among either Neuters or Sencc;is. 
 
 France, through La Salle's friendly intercourse 
 with the Senecas, first gained a foothold here. After 
 his death, she built by arms, at the mouth of the 
 river, a fort, which British influence soon com- 
 pelled her to abandon. Four decades later, she 
 built on the same spot a "stone house," in reality a 
 fort, which dominated this region ; and gradually 
 enlarged it, until it exceeded in area the Fort 
 Niagara of to-day. In 1759, Britain captured it, 
 and French control passed awav forever. 1776 
 brought the revolt of the Colonists, and when the 
 Revolution ended the title to the eastern shore of 
 
 
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 (.lur river passed to the 
 United States ; although 
 not until 1796 did Britain 
 relinquish F<irt Niagara, 
 and with it the control of 
 the American frontier. 
 Since then, except for a 
 brief period, during the 
 war of 1 812, no flag sav< 
 that of the Stars and Stripes 
 has ever floated over us. 
 
 Wars have raged and 
 bloody battles have been 
 fought upon our soil ; the 
 earliest of record, when 
 the Senecas suddenly fell upon the inhabitants of a 
 Neuter village and annihilated them. In after years 
 their winter's siege of P'ort DeNonville almost 
 annihilated its garrison, compelled its demolition, 
 and the withdrawal of the French. 
 
 In 1759, the thrice-projected British attack on 
 Fort Niagara took form, and an army laid siege to 
 it. A few days of cannonading, with the advantage 
 all on the side of the besiegers, and the relieving 
 force, consisting of all the Frenchmen and Indians 
 that could be hastily gathered in the west, reached 
 it. Sir William Johnson, with his forces in battle 
 array, met and routed them. The fort surrendered 
 and Britain's long dream of its possession was at 
 last fulfilled. Four years later, Pontiac's Great 
 Conspiracy touched this frontier, in the Devil's 
 Hole Massacre ; where the Senecas, still friendlv to 
 France, ambushed first a British supplv train, and 
 
 \ 
 
then the force that hurried to its assistance ; nearly 
 one hundred scalped corpses testifying to the pre- 
 cision of their plan and to the exactness of its 
 execution. 
 
 The Revolution, in actual warfare, never reached 
 this river, but Fort Niagara was a plague spot to 
 the Colonists. It was the headquarters of Brant, 
 the Butlers and their fiendish crew. There were 
 planned and thence set out those expeditions known 
 as " the border warfare of the Revolution," which 
 wrought death and destruction through western 
 New York and northern Pennsylvania; including 
 the massacres of Wyoming and Cherry Valley. 
 The War of 1812 brought devastation to this entire 
 frontier. The mere mention of the battles ot 
 Queenston Heights, of Fort George, of Chippawa, 
 of Lundy's Lane, of the two (the one an assault on 
 and the other a sortie from) of Fort Erie; the 
 capture of Fort Niagara, and the burning of every 
 village, and of almost every dwelling along the 
 river, tells the story in skeleton. Lundy's Lane, 
 fought under the glorious light of a summer's 
 moon, on the heights above and only a mile trom 
 the Falls, whose roar seemed to be a requiem for 
 the dead, is still famed as a hand-to-hand conflict 
 with appalling casualties in proportion to the 
 numbers engaged. It is further famed, in that 
 nearly one hundred years have failed to decide who 
 won it. We Americans still claim a victory ; while 
 our well-beloved Canadian neighbors, being in pos- 
 session of the site, annually celebrate thereon their 
 ancestors' triumph. And more famous still is that 
 sortie by the Americans from Fort Erie which 
 ended the war in this region; and which has been 
 
referred to, bv Lord Napier, -'as the only msrunce 
 in history where a besieging army was totally routed 
 and dispersed bv a single sortie." The most im- 
 portant feature of the Canadian " Patriot " Rebellion 
 of 1837, which culminated in the burning of the 
 steamer " Caroline," nearly involving us in another 
 war with Britain, happened on this frontier; as did 
 also the main events of the Fenian Rebellion ot 
 1866. 
 
 The control of the Niagara Region engaged the 
 attention of the diplomats of both France and 
 Britain for many vears; trom 1680 to 1725, its 
 acquisition was one of the main features of the 
 policies of those governments. France secured it, 
 but Britain prompth' compassed her withdrawal. 
 Years afterwards France again acquired it, and held 
 it, in spite of all her rival's threats and wiles. Then 
 began the plannings; on one side to hold it, on the 
 other to oust its possessor. When diplomacy and 
 intrigue had failed, arms were resorted to ; and there 
 Britain won. Her diplomacy failed again in dealing 
 
with her American Colonies. To arms again ; but 
 this time Britain lost. The Revolution robbed her 
 of all her American possessions, save what she had 
 torn from France ; and even of one-half of what 
 she had thus gained along this river. Even then 
 Britain's diplomacy did not despair. For thirteen 
 vears, 1783 to 1796, known in history as the 
 " Hold Over Period," she held five of our forts, 
 Niagara the most important. Onlv on her evacua- 
 tion of that fort was the tangible hope of some day 
 reconquering her rebellious Colonies dismissed. 
 Indeed, not until the close of the War of 181 2 was 
 it reallv abandoned. 
 
 Till- fiorgc. 
 
 it has played its part, and an important one, in the 
 extension of civilization and in the settlement of 
 the West. " Niagara is without exception the most 
 important post in America, and secures a greater 
 number of communications, through a more exten- 
 
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 sive country, than any other pass in the world," wrote 
 Mr. Wynne, in 1770. It was the great highway 
 between the seaboard and the Mississippi. By its 
 famous portage lay the westward route for all. 
 Under French rule it was secure; her soldiers were 
 there, and Frenchmen were on terms of amitv with 
 the western Indian tribes. Under Britain, it was 
 also the favored route. But it lay in the Senecas' 
 country, and they were hostile at heart. So it was 
 fortified. There was a fort at its lower end ; between 
 that and the river above the Falls, a distance of 
 seven miles, were eleven block houses, garrisoned 
 and cannoned ; at its upper end was Fort Schlosser. 
 It was the best-protected highway in all America. 
 Over it passed an enormous traffic, the trade of half 
 a continent; consisting of boats for the soldiers 
 and trappers on their way to and from Detroit 
 and even points beyond, ammunition and stores of 
 every description for the western posts, and loads 
 of cheap merchandise, to be exchanged by the traders 
 for valuable furs. 
 
 With these cargoes went the different classes of 
 men, who thus taught the savages the ways of their 
 white brethren. 
 
 Eastward, over the portage, came a steady stream 
 of peltries, gathered over a boundless territory, 
 en route from Detroit, the western metropolis of 
 the fur trade, to New York. Had there been 
 no Niagara Portage — it was secure and it was 
 easy, for by it there was an otherwise unbroken 
 water trip between Oswego and Detroit — the his- 
 tory of the fur trade, and of its semi-settlement of 
 the West, would have told of greater hardships 
 and of slower sfrowth. 
 
Its name is linked with the commerce of the con- 
 tinent. At a point, fiv^e miles above the Falls, where 
 to-day is a village bearing his name, La Salle, in 
 I 679, built the " Griifon," of " sixty tons burthen," 
 the first vessel other than an Indian canoe to float 
 on the upper lakes; the forerunner of the enormous 
 lake commerce of to-day, of which so large a part 
 comes to our frontier. And, in 1764, a British 
 engineer. Captain John Montresor, built, up the 
 Lewiston mountain, from the water's edge to the 
 top of the heights, an inclined plane ; which was 
 the first adaptation of the principle of the modern 
 railroad, and therefore entitled to rank as the first 
 railway built in America. It consisted of two 
 parallel lines of tree logs, laid end to end, on stone 
 piers. On the grooved top of each pair of rails ran 
 a car or sled. When loaded with approximate 
 weights, the labor of raising the upgoing one was 
 not so great. Capstans were placed at its upper 
 end, around them passed several turns of a strong 
 rope, whose either end was attached to the cars. 
 Indian labor furnished the motive power, each brave 
 receiving as a day's pay a pint of rum and a plug of 
 tobacco. Over that railway passed a traffic of whose 
 extent, let it be recorded, that at one time, in 1764, 
 no less than 5,000 barrels of provisions alone lay 
 at Fort Schlosser, awaiting shipment to the West. 
 
 It is known in the sciences. In geology, its 
 name occurs in the classification of the groups ; and 
 there is no better spot at which to study the strata 
 of the rocks, and to learn the formation of the outer 
 crust of our sphere, than in its famous gorge. 
 The Falls have been called the " Sun Clock of the 
 
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 Ages," and geologists have repeatedly tried to deter- 
 mine the age of the earth, bv deductions as to the 
 cycles of time (varying in estimate from 7,000 to 
 hundreds of thousands of vears) it has taken for the 
 Palls to wear their way back through the seven miles 
 of rock from Oueenston Heights, where the vast 
 inland sea first broke over the rocky barrier of that 
 confining ridge and where then Niagara was born. 
 
 It is also known in botany. The flora of this 
 region is abundant and diversified ; the gorge itself 
 offering rare facilities for study, especially in that 
 section immediately below the Falls, where the 
 ever-present moisture of the spray creates unusual 
 conditions of verdure. While on Goat Island, 
 with its eighty acres, it is recorded that there are to 
 he found a greater number of varving botanical 
 species than exist, within an equal area, anvwhere 
 else in North America. 
 
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 M^-Jm&ksar^ 
 
 
 PiglMH|N 
 
 
Kcsidcncc .Street. 
 
 Its name is associated with the arts. In the illus- 
 trative, by reason of its many reproductions, it 
 touches every branch. It has been given form, 
 times innumerable, in oils, in water colors, in lithog- 
 raphy, in engraving, in every known reproductive 
 process; above all, in photography. It probably is 
 not too much to say, that there is no one spot on 
 earth of which more photographs have been taken 
 than of Niagara. 
 
 In the mechanical arts, its connection is too 
 varied to be treated of in a few words. In hydrau- 
 lics, its reputation is world wide ; in civil engineer- 
 ing, especially bridge building, it is by no means 
 unknown ; the first bridge to span its gorge (Roeb- 
 ling's) was the marvel of its time, and later ones are 
 not unworthy successors. It is the home of the 
 greatest electrical plant on earth ; and as an electri- 
 cal center and power producer, it is but idle guess- 
 work to foretell to what limits it will expand. That 
 
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 it will forever remain the electric center ot North 
 America, and that it will lead all other localities, as 
 the choice of manufacturers employing any of the 
 electrolytic processes, or requiring vast units of this 
 power, would seem to be opinions far on the safe 
 side. Thus, through its products, and the inven- 
 tions by means of which they are achieved, it will 
 be still further linked to these arts. 
 
 Of its scenic glories I must not try to write. 
 In adjoining pages, in so far as an entire volume 
 can be condensed into a few hnes, it is appropriately 
 referred to. Niagara, in all its summer beauty, 
 lies spread out before our eyes. One beholds it 
 all, and is thankful. Each time that one views it 
 some new attribute appears. It is, in very truth, 
 " The emblem of God's majesty on earth." Many 
 gifted men and women have tried to record their 
 impressions of it. Has any one of them ever 
 been successful r One of the best, probably the 
 shortest, possibly the most eloquent, certainly the 
 most non-descriptive, was that by Fanny Kemble, 
 who merely wrote : " I lifted up mine eyes, and 
 beheld Niagara — Oh, God! Who can describe that 
 sight?" 
 
 On account of its scenery our region has played 
 a prominent part in the general literature of the 
 world. It touches it at many points. The forego- 
 ing notes show some of them, but by no means all. 
 In poetry, Niagara is not unnamed. In prose, and 
 in many tongues, in works descriptive, scientific, 
 reminiscent (especially ot travel), it is a component 
 
element ; even in fiction it is not neglected. A 
 bibliography of Niagara is neither uninteresting nor 
 uninstructive ; neither is it short. 
 
 All knowledge is recorded in books. And it is 
 at a world-known spot, to which, in some of its 
 many aspects, many references are to be found on 
 the shelves of every library in America, yes, prob- 
 ably, in the world, that the American Library Asso- 
 ciation is holding its twenty-fifth annual meeting. 
 
 The modern history of the Niagara Region 
 began with the primitive Red Man. It ends to-day 
 with the progressive descendant of the Colonist. 
 At the borders of the Cataract, as almost every- 
 where, the civilization and prog- 
 ress of the latter have swept 
 away every vestige of aboriginal 
 occupation. For the heel ot 
 the Anglo-Saxon is on the grave 
 of the Indian, and on his dwell- 
 ing — by "The Thunder ot 
 the Waters." 
 
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 ^ 
 
 THK NKW YOKk STATE RESERVA- 
 TION AT NIAGARA. 
 
 1 1 E disfigurement of the ter- 
 ritory in the neighborhood 
 of Niagara Falls, and the 
 exactions and annoyances 
 experienced by visitors, 
 gave rise to the movement 
 for the establishment of the 
 New York State Reserva- 
 tion at Niagara. 
 In 1869, the conditions which surrounded the 
 Cataract of Niagara were considered by Frederick 
 E. Church, the artist; Frederick Law Olmsted, the 
 landscape architect; Hon. William Dorsheimer, of 
 Buffalo; Mr. H. H. Richardson, the architect, and 
 others, and remedial measures were proposed and 
 discussed. 
 
 At the request of the leaders of the movement, 
 Mr. William Henry Hulbert brought the subject 
 to the attention of the Earl of Dufferin, then Gov- 
 ernor-General of Canada, and suggested the estab- 
 lishment of an International Park on both sides of 
 the river. The Earl of Dufferin at once became 
 deeply Interested in the movement, and in an 
 address at a meeting of the Ontario Society of 
 Artists, held in Toronto, September 26, 1878, he 
 first called public attention to it, in the following 
 words : 
 
 " And now, gentlemen, before I sit down, there 
 is another topic to which I would for a moment 
 refer. I am about to confide to you a mission 
 which 1 think sufficiently connected with your pros- 
 
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perity to justify me in asking your assistance. In 
 your neighborhood there exists, as you are aware, 
 one of the most wondrous, beautiful, and stupen- 
 dous scenes which the forces of nature have ever 
 constructed. Indeed, so majestic is the subject, 
 that, though many skillful hands have endeavored 
 to transfer it to canvas, few have succeeded in 
 adequately depicting its awe-inspiring characteristics. 
 I allude, of course, to the Falls of Niagara. But I 
 am sure that every one will agree with me in think- 
 ing that the pleasure he may have derived from his 
 pilgrimage to so famous a spot, whether as an artist 
 or as a simple tourist, has been miserably marred 
 and defeated by the inconveniences and annoyance 
 he has experienced at the hands of the various 
 squatting interests that have taken possession of 
 every point of vantage at the Falls, who tax the 
 
 pockets and irritate the 
 nerves of the visitor, 
 and by whom, just 
 at the moment 
 when he is 
 about to give 
 up his whole 
 being for the 
 contempla- 
 tion of the 
 scene before 
 him, as he is 
 about to feel 
 the inspiration 
 the natural 
 iieauties around him, 
 his imagination and his poetic 
 
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 faculties are suddenly shocked and disorganized by 
 a demand for ten cents. 
 
 " Some few weeks ago I had the good fortune to 
 meet His Excellency the Governor of the State ot 
 New York, and I then suggested to him an idea 
 which has been long present to my mind, that the 
 governments of New York and Ontario, or Canada, 
 should combine to acquire whatever rights may 
 have been established against the public and to form 
 around the Falls a small public International Park, 
 not indeed decorative or in any way sophisticated 
 by the penny arts of the landscape gardener, but 
 carefully preserved in the picturesque condition in 
 which it was originally laid out by the hand of 
 Nature." 
 
 The credit for the first official act done toward 
 the establishment of the State Reservation, at 
 Niagara, is due to Governor Lucius Robinson of 
 the State of New York. 
 
 In a message to the Legislature, January 9, 1879, 
 Governor Robinson referred to the conference with 
 Lord Dufferin, and to the preservation of the 
 scenerv of the Falls of Niagara in the following 
 words : 
 
 " The civil jurisdiction over the Falls of Niagara, 
 as well as the shores and waters of Niagara River, 
 is divided between the State and the Province of 
 Ontario, Canada. But, in one sense, the sublime 
 exhibition of natural powers there witnessed is the 
 property of the whole world. It is visited by 
 tourists from all quarters of the globe, and it would 
 seem to be incumbent upon both governments to 
 protect such travelers from annoyance on either 
 side. It is, however, well known, and a matter of 
 
universal complaint, that the most favorable points 
 of observation around the Falls are appropriated for 
 purposes of private profit, while the shores swarm 
 with sharpers, hucksters, and peddlers, who per- 
 petually harass all visitors. In the course of the 
 last summer, in a casual meeting and conversation 
 with Lord DufFerin, Governor-General of Canada, 
 he suggested the propriety of some steps on the 
 part of the State of New York and the Province of 
 Ontario to remedy these abuses which he had seen 
 and deeply regretted. His proposition was that 
 a sort of International Park should be established, 
 enclosing a suitable space on each side of the river, 
 from which all the annoyances and vexations referred 
 to should be excluded. Contemplating no attempt 
 at landscape ornamenting in the vain hope of add- 
 ing to the natural attractions of the Falls, he thought 
 that each government might obtain control of a 
 sufficient area to be kept sacred for the free use of 
 those who, coming there from all parts of the world, 
 desire to view the grand scenery without molestation. 
 He believed that all this could be accomplished at 
 a small expense, each government, of course, retain- 
 ing jurisdiction of its own proportion of such part, 
 but with a mutual understanding as to the general 
 regulations to be enforced on either side. 
 
 " Subsequently, the Governor-General called the 
 attention of the Government of Ontario to the same 
 matter and recommended cooperation with the State 
 of New York in accomplishing the purpose in view. 
 The proper course, if such a plan were deemed 
 advisable, would undoubtedly be the appointment 
 of commissions by both governments to confer 
 together as to its details. Should such a commis- 
 
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 sion be appointed 
 bv the authorities 
 of Ontario, I rec- 
 ommend that you 
 provide for th 
 appointment of a 
 similar one to con- 
 sider the subject. 
 There can be no 
 doubt that many 
 persons abstain 
 from vnsiting the 
 Falls in conse- 
 quence of the 
 annoyances referred :o, nor can tncre i>e an) 
 reasonable doubt that the removal of these objec- 
 tions would largely increase the number of visitors 
 annually." 
 
 May 19, 1879, the Commissioners of the State 
 Survey were instructed, bv a joint resolution of the 
 Legislature, " to inquire, consider, and report, what, 
 if any, measures it may be. expedient for the State to 
 adopt for carrying out the suggestions contained in 
 the annual message of the Governor with respect to 
 Niagara Falls." 
 
 The Commissioners instructed Mr. James T. 
 Gardner, Director of the State Survey, and Mr. 
 Frederick Law Olmsted, to make an examination 
 of the premises and to prepare a plan for considera- 
 tion. On March 22, 1880, Hon. Horatio Seymour, 
 President of the State Survey Board, transmitted a 
 special report to the Legislature on the preservation 
 of the scenery of the Falls of Niagara ; recommend- 
 ing the extinguishment of the private titles to 
 
certain lanns imnici.u;uen iiu)iiccnc to the Falls, 
 which the State should acquire bv purchase and 
 hold in trust tor the people forever. 
 
 A bill to authorize the selection of lands for a 
 State Reservation in the village of Niagara Falls was 
 
 introduced in the Legislature 
 in 1880, and passed the 
 Assembly, but did not 
 pass the Senate. In 
 1881, a similar bill 
 was introduced in 
 the Assembly by 
 Hon. James Low, 
 then representing 
 the Second District 
 of Niagara County ; but, 
 owing to the well-known 
 opposition of Governor Cornell to the project, the 
 measure was abandoned. During the session of 
 I 882, Governor Cornell being vet in office, no effort 
 was made to secure the passage of the Niagara 
 Reservation bill. 
 
 In November, 1882, Grover Cleveland was elect- 
 ed Governor. Being a resident of the western part 
 of the State, it was assumed that he was in favor of 
 the preservation of the scenerv of the Falls of 
 Niagara. On December 6, 1882, a meeting of 
 gentlemen was held at the residence of Mr. Howard 
 Potter, in New York City, to consider measures for 
 the advancement of the Niagara movement. Ad- 
 dresses were made by Messrs. Olmsted, Potter, 
 Dorsheimer, Norton, Harrison, and others. A 
 committee, consisting of Messrs. J. Hampden Robb, 
 Buchanan Winthrop, James T. Gardner, J. T. Van 
 
Rensselaer, and Francis H. Weeks, was appointed 
 to proceed in the matter and to report at a future 
 meeting, which was held at Municipal Hall, No. 67 
 Madison Avenue, on the evening of January 11, 
 i^^$. Mr. D. Willis James presided. The com- 
 mittee, previously appointed, reported in favor ot 
 the formation of an association, the object of which 
 should be the preservation of the scenery of the 
 Falls of Niagara, by legislative enactment. The 
 organization was called " The Niagara Falls Asso- 
 ciation," and the following officers were elected : 
 President, Howard Potter; Vice-Presidents, Daniel 
 Huntington, Geo. William Curtis, Cornelius Van- 
 derbilt ; Secretary, Robert Lenox Belknap ; Treas- 
 urer, Chas. Lanier; Executive Committee, J. 
 Hampden Robb, Buchanan Winthrop, James T. 
 Gardner, J. T. Van Rensselaer, Francis H. Weeks, 
 Robt. W. DeForest ; Corresponding Secretary, Rev. 
 J. B. Harrison. 
 
 Invitations to become members were sent out by 
 the president, and soon the membership amounted 
 to 327, mostly residents of New York City and 
 Boston, but including members from many ot the 
 cities of the Union, the nearest to Niagara Falls 
 being Hon. Sherman S. Roa:ers of Buffalo, and the 
 farthest away being Mrs. Brown and Alex. H. 
 Brown, M. D., of London, England. The eighth 
 name upon the list of members is Edward D. 
 Adams, afterward President of the Niagara Falls 
 Power Company. Many women were included in 
 the membership of the association. Each member 
 paid an entrance fee of Sio, by which means a fund 
 of 33,270 was accumulated, which was increased by 
 donations. The Niagara Falls Association was 
 
destined tu txtrcise a great influence in tavor ot the 
 passage of the Niagara Reservation acts of 1883 
 and [885. 
 
 A bill, drawn bv the direction of the Executive 
 Committee, was introduced by Hon. Jacob F. 
 Miller of New York City, and passed the Assem- 
 bly and Senate, and on April 30, 1883, was signed 
 bv Governor Cleveland and became a law. Wil- 
 liam Dorsheimer, Sherman S. Rogers, Andrew H. 
 Green, J. Hampden Robb, and Martin B. Anderson 
 were appointed Commissioners, under the act of 
 1883. On June 9, 1883, they met at Niagara Falls 
 and selected the desired lands. A survey by the 
 State Engineer was ordered, and made under the 
 direction of Thomas Evershed, Division Engineer 
 of the State canals, whose name will be forever 
 associated, not only with the preservation of the 
 scenery of Niagara but with the utilization of Nia 
 
 'ira's power. 
 
 The making of the 
 survey was a long and 
 difficult work. Dur- 
 ing the legislative 
 session of 1884, 
 additional legisla- 
 tion, introduced 
 by Hon. George 
 Clinton of Buf- 
 falo, was obtained 
 relating to the ap- 
 praisement. Early 
 m 1884, Luther R. 
 Marsh, Pascal P. 
 Pratt, and Mathew 
 
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 :©. 
 
 :©. 
 
 Hale, appraisers, were appointed, and the work of 
 appraisal was carried on during the summer months. 
 At its completion their report was made to the 
 Commissioners, and by them submitted to the 
 Supreme Court, by which it was confirmed. The 
 total awards were $1,433,429.50. 
 
 When the Legislature of the State of New York 
 convened, in 1885, a bill was introduced providing 
 for the payment of the awards made for the land 
 selected and located bv the Commissioners of the 
 State Reservation at Niagara. The measure was 
 regarded as a new departure in State policy, and 
 gave rise to great opposition in many sections of the 
 State. Many were of the opinion that the Nation 
 and not the State should adopt measures for the 
 preservation of the scenery of Niagara. 
 
 In order to counteract opposition of all kinds, the 
 friends of the movement caused petitions to be 
 circulated in all parts of the State, and forwarded to 
 the Legislature, with letters from eminent men in 
 every walk of life. Addresses were made before 
 the Committees of the Legislature. The press of 
 the State espoused the cause with an enthusiasm 
 that overcame all opposition. On April 30, 1885, 
 the bill establishing the State Reservation at Ni- 
 agara received the approval of Governor H ill and 
 became a law. 
 
 On July 15, 1885, the State Reservation at Ni- 
 agara was formally opened to the public. The Hon. 
 Erastus Brooks presided at the exercises. The 
 President of the Commission, the Hon. William 
 Dorsheimer, announced the completion of the work 
 of legislation. The Governor of the State of New 
 York, Hon. David B. Hill, accepted the Reserva- 
 
tion and declared it open to the people forever. 
 The oration of the day was delivered by James C. 
 Carter, Esq., of New York. Addresses were also 
 made by the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, the 
 Hon. John Beverlv Robinson, and the Attorney 
 General of Ontario, the Hon. Oliver Mowatt. 
 
 After the dedication of the Reservation the toll 
 gates were taken awav, and buildings large and 
 small, one hundred and fifty in number, which 
 disfigured the river banks and obstructed the view, 
 were removed and, so far as possible, all traces of 
 them obliterated. The number of visitors at once 
 increased to nearly a million in each year, coming 
 and going without disorder of any kind or injury to 
 the property of the State. 
 
 Nearly eighteen years have now elapsed since the 
 establishment of the New York State Reservation 
 at Niagara, and the people of the State have had 
 time to judge of the merits or demerits of the new 
 departure in State policy. It is now evident that 
 the removal of the toll gates and fences, and allow- 
 ing free access to Niagara, was a people's movement 
 of the broadest kind. The Niagara experiment has 
 shown the wisdom of setting aside great natural 
 features of forest, cataract, mountain, and seashore 
 for the common enjoyment of the people. 
 
 The State Reservation is an ever-increasing source 
 of gratification and enjoyment. The Kails of Ni- 
 agara are the crowning feature of our 
 commonwealth. 
 
 As the years go by, the people of 
 the State will appreciate, more and m 
 more, the value of their most sul 
 lime possession. 
 
 Hon, THOMAS V VVKI-CH. 
 
K 
 
 .8. 
 
 THE POWER OF NIAGARA, 
 
 H E flood of water that pours 
 down from Lake Erie and, 
 in passing the city, finds 
 its way onward to Lake 
 Ontario, rushing, tum- 
 bling, tossing along, has 
 much in it to delight visit- 
 ors. The chaotic action 
 of the waters, the ripple 
 here and the wild leaps there, the mightv force of 
 the torrent and the unequaled plunge from the 
 higher to the lower level of this wonderful and 
 remarkable river, all have their fascinating features 
 that arouse intense admiration. 
 
 Man has diverted a small portion of the flow of the 
 Niagara and applied it to the development of power 
 that has been a material factor in the industrial 
 development of Niagara. This new growth has 
 attained such pleasing proportions that it is recog- 
 nized as a factor in the general advancement of the 
 country. Thus side by side Nature's creation and the 
 works of man are rival objects of interest between 
 which there is an apparent spirit of harmony, the 
 one pledging itself that, no matter what its develop- 
 ment mav be, it will never bedim the glory of the 
 cataract. 
 
 xAll will find the power development of Niagara 
 most interesting and instructive. The great works 
 here have been the inspiration for other places on 
 both continents, and here man has erected the most 
 wonderful apparatus ever made by human hands. Its 
 inspection will be a revelation. The oldest source of 
 
power is a surface canal, 4,400 feet long and 100 
 feet wide, that runs through the heart of the citv, 
 diverting water from the upper river to a basin and 
 forebay located at the edge of the high bank of the 
 lower river. The main power station of this devel- 
 opment, which is owned by the Niagara Falls 
 Hydraulic Power & Manufacturing Company, is 
 located at the water's edge in the gorge, a short dis- 
 tance below the upper steel arch bridge. Water is 
 conducted from the forebay to the turbines in the 
 station below through huge steel penstocks that 
 stand out from the cliff in column form. There 
 are many wheels, and while viewing the installation 
 a grand idea of the development of power is ob- 
 tained. The cliff-top is the location of numerous 
 factories and mills, several of which have their indi- 
 vidual sources of power. Pretty streams pour from 
 the face of the high bank indicating the individual 
 developments, also forming one of the really pic- 
 turesque features of Niagara. At present about 
 50,000 horse-power is being developed by the water 
 of the canal, but this is to be extended to 100,000 
 horse-power. A new power house is being built at 
 the water's edge in the gorge, and before manv 
 months have passed the power output of Niagara 
 will be increased through its operation. 
 
 Under the streets of the city, at a depth of nearly 
 200 feet, there is another torrent rushing from the 
 upper to the lower river. This, too, is a portion of 
 the water man has diverted for power purposes, and 
 it plunges along, in volume nearly double what 
 many notable streams carry, through a brick-lined 
 tunnel that is 21 feet high and 18 feet wide. In 
 length this tunnel is 7,436 feet, and it is built in 
 
form of a horseshoe. It performs the service of a 
 tail-race in carrying off the water discharged from 
 the mightv turbines in the two great power stations 
 of the Niagara Falls Power Company, located more 
 than a mile back up the river from the brink of the 
 falls. The water from this tunnel is discharged 
 into the lower river just below the upper steel arch 
 bridge, and is plainly visible from Prospect Park. 
 
 This great tunnel is a part of the plan of the 
 Niagara Falls Power Company's development. The 
 power houses of this company are two in number, 
 and their installations are unequaled in any part of 
 the world. In perfecting its development, the Niag- 
 ara Falls Power Company built an inlet canal that 
 diverts a small portion of the flow of the upper 
 river. On each side of this canal a great wheel-pit 
 has been sunk, and at the bottom of these pits the 
 turbines are installed. The wheel-pit under power 
 
 r 
 
 Inceriot Pouer House, Niagara Fowcf Cuiup;tii>. 
 
house No. I is 424 feet long, 18 feet wide and 178 
 feet deep, while the pit under power house No. 2 
 has a length of 463 feet, width of i 8 feet, and a depth 
 of 178 feet. These wheel-pits are cut out of solid 
 rock, and are the greatest slots ever sunk in the 
 earth. Water is conveyed from the inlet canal to 
 the turbines at the bottom of the pits through large 
 penstocks or pipes. The power houses are built 
 right over the pits. The beauty of these buildings 
 will command attention. They are built of stone 
 along lines that are architecturally perfect, and their 
 appearance is most pleasing. The turbines in the 
 wheel-pits are connected with the generators in the 
 power stations above by long tube shafts, and by 
 this means the motion of the wheels is communi- 
 cated to the generators. Briefly stated, the diverted 
 water of the upper river flows into the canal and to 
 the penstocks, down which it rushes upon the tur- 
 bines, causing them to revolve at high speed. By 
 means of the shaft connection between the turbines 
 and the generators the latter are caused to revolve, 
 generating the electric current that has made, and is 
 making, Niagara famous. The unit of development 
 in these two power stations is 5,000 horse power. 
 In other words, each turbine and connected gener- 
 ator has an output capacity of 5,000 horse power. 
 There are ten units in power house No. i, making 
 the total output capacity of that station 50,000 
 horse power, which is believed to be more electric 
 power than is generated under any other single roof 
 in the world. In power house No. 2, the installa- 
 tion of which is nearing completion, there are to be 
 1 1 units, or a total of 55,000 horse power. The 
 combined force of these two mammoth and trulv 
 
. Aortdeiful sta- 
 tions gives the 
 L g a r a F al 1 s 
 i&lirSSiJft. Power Company con- 
 jcupciitiuus amount ot 105,000 horse 
 Estimating man, in full vigor, capable of 
 performing the labor of one-tenth horse power for 
 eight hours a day, it is apparent that it would require 
 ten men to equal each horse power in these stations, 
 or more than 1,000,000 men to equal the mightv 
 force that is generated under these two roofs at Ni- 
 agara. Man has reached that point in his career 
 where he deems eight hours a day's work. Niagara 
 power is constant. The supplv is unlimited. At 
 every hour of the day and night it is on tap, requir- 
 ing but the simple throwing of a switch to bring it 
 into service. Thus if we were to make three shifts 
 of humanity to work as Niagara works, an armv of 
 over 3,000,000 men would be required to keep up 
 the energy represented by this diverted force con- 
 trolled by man. 
 
 From the power houses the generated current is 
 sent in all directions. It operates the trolley cars in 
 
 ^ 
 
 >^ 
 
Buffalo, and between Niagara Falls and Burtalo. 
 It gives life to startling industrial features ot the 
 Queen Citv, operating i^rain elevators, printing 
 establishments, large factories, stretching all the way 
 for miles along the river toward Lake Erie. Lock- 
 port also profits b) the development at Niagara, 
 and its troUev cars and manufacturing plants are 
 operated bv the transmitted current. Over 350 
 miles of electric railwav and 150 industrial establish- 
 ments are operated bv the subtle current, while Buf- 
 falo, Niagara Falls, and the Tonawandas find in it 
 the source of their illumination. Between Niagara 
 Falls and Buffalo there are three transmission sys- 
 tems, comprising six cables ot copper and three of 
 aluminum. These cables are erected on pole lines 
 that stand on private rights ot way. The trans- 
 mission of Niagara power to Buffalo is made at 
 20,000 volts. 
 
 In full view of the big power houses stand fac- 
 tories which have strange products — products that 
 were practically unknown to the United States ere 
 the Niagara development gave them vigor. Niagara 
 Falls leads the world in the manufacture of aluminum, 
 and practicallv all that is made in the country is the 
 product of the two Niagara plants. Acheson, the 
 electric furnace expert, found Niagara an inspiration. 
 His processes for the manufacture of Carborundum 
 and manufactured graphite are in full operation on 
 the lands of the Niagara Falls Power Company, 
 and his furnace in which Niagara's latest and most 
 wonderful product, Siloxicon, is made is operated by 
 the current from these big stations. The majority 
 of the electro-chemical processes operated at Niagara 
 are kept secret, and it is possible to gain admission to 
 
K 
 
 .c 
 
 but tew of the plants. However, their product flows 
 steadily from the pots and furnaces in response to the 
 magical influence of the electric energy of Niagara. 
 
 Over on the Canadian side, in the pretty pre- 
 cincts ot Victoria Free Park, three other power 
 projects are being hurried to completion. First 
 among these is that of the Canadian Niagara 
 Power Company, controlled by the Niagara Falls 
 Power Company. This company has sunk a great 
 wheel-pit and excavated a tunnel in order to develop 
 a portion of the power of the Horseshoe F'all. 
 The tunnel is 2,200 feet long, and slightly larger 
 than the tunnel on the New York side. The 
 method ot development will be identical with that 
 of the Niagara Falls Power Company, the tunnel 
 discharging its i^ow at the Canadian edge and the 
 base of the Horseshoe Fall. A remarkable feature 
 of this development will be that the unit will be 
 10,000 horse-power, or double that in service in 
 the big stations on the New York side. The com- 
 ]-'an\''? output will be about 100,000 horse-power. 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 .^ffi^y^ml 
 
 Niagara ealis Hyarauiic >'ower ana Manutaciuring t_ompany. 
 
 K 
 
 e. 
 
The Ontario Power Company is also the pos- 
 sessor of rights for the development of power on 
 the Canadian side. Its plan is verv similar to that 
 of the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power & Manufac- 
 turing Company on the New York side, in that its 
 station will be located in the gorge at the water's 
 edge. It will stand close up by the Horseshoe 
 Fall, and the water for the operation of the wheels 
 will flow from the upper river, throug;h Victoria 
 Park, through a large covered flume concealed from 
 view. 
 
 Another company at work with designs on the 
 power of the famous old waterfall is known as the 
 Toronto and Niagara Power Company. In its de- 
 velopment this company has adopted a plan very 
 similar to that of the Canadian Niagara Power 
 Company. It will sink a wheel-pit and dig a tun- 
 nel from the pit to the lower river. This com- 
 pany's power house will be located above that of 
 the Canadian Niagara Power Company, and its 
 tunnel will seek the lower river right under the 
 river bed, discharging behind the sheet of falling 
 water. 
 
 Work on these three last-mentioned projects is 
 now at full headway, and thousands of men are 
 laboring night and day ; but, despite this eager 
 onslaught, it should be remembered that the Great 
 Upper Lakes form the reservoir from .^^ 
 
 which the Falls of Niagara receive 
 their supply of water, and that so 
 long as this reservoir keeps full the 
 beauty of Niagara will be unimpaired 
 — a sublime spectacle for future gen- 
 erations to enjoy. 
 
 OKKIN t DUNLAP 
 
S) 
 
 re 
 
 THK NIAGARA FALLS AND BUFFALO 
 PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 
 
 H K Niagara Falls Public 
 Library can trace its ances- 
 try back to 1 814, when an 
 association of citizens start- 
 ed with forty books, what 
 was called, the Grand 
 Niagara Library. In 1838 
 a tax of S20 was voted for 
 the purchase of books for 
 a district library. This was the beginning of an 
 institution which has occupied several homes. It 
 started its existence in a small recitation room on 
 the first floor of the old Third Street School, but 
 was soon crowded out and moved to the Frontier 
 Mart on Falls Street. It was next found in the 
 Y. M. C. A. room on the upper floor of a building 
 on the corner of Main and Cherry streets. It was 
 shortly moved back to the Frontier Mart on the 
 second floor, then to the upper floor. The next 
 change was to the third floor of Ryan's Block, and 
 from there to a room on the third floor of the Arcade 
 Building. Surely an institution that has made so 
 brave a struggle for existence deserves a permanent 
 home. 
 
 The perpetuation of the District School Library 
 was largely due to the untiring eftbrts of James F. 
 Trott, who molded public sentiment and gratuitously 
 discharged the duties of librarian for fifty years. 
 
 On February i, 1895, the District School Library 
 ceased and the Niagara Falls Public Library opened 
 its doors under the new charter. In 1898 the 
 
 K 
 
 r©j 
 
 .§. 
 
library was moved to the room it now occupies in 
 the Arcade Building. 
 
 The library has fallen heir to books from different 
 sources. Some of the books from Suspension 
 Bridge District School Library found a home on 
 our shelves. The children of James F. Trott have 
 started a reference collection in memorv of their 
 father, and we have reason to be proud of the Porter 
 Collection of Books Relating to Niagara Falls, the 
 gitt ot Peter A. Porter. Our books and newspapers 
 tor the blind have made several readers happv, and 
 ours was the first library to avail itself of the privi- 
 leges extended by the New "V'ork State Librarv for 
 the Blind. 
 
 In May, 1900, the Branch, which has become a 
 sturdy child of the Library, was opened at the cor- 
 ner of Main Street and Cleveland Avenue. We 
 have also a station at F-chota, where books are sent 
 once everv week. 
 
 Niagara Fall^ I 
 
The Library at present numbers about 12,000 
 volumes and had a circulation last year of 76,148. 
 
 On March 8, 1901, Mr. Carnegie numbered us 
 amoncr the fortunate ones to receive a gift of 
 350,000 for a building, and in October of the same 
 vear the citv purchased a site on Main Street, corner 
 of Ashland Avenue, a location accessible to all parts 
 of the city, and where our new library building is 
 now nearly completed. 
 
 The Niagara Frontier Historical Society will have 
 its home in the new building. An auditorium has 
 been provided, so that library talks, w'hich w-ere so 
 successfully begun in the present library room, may 
 be continued under more favorable conditions. In 
 a growing citv like Niagara Falls there is no limit 
 to the possibilities of its library. 
 
 The library hours are from 9 A. M. until 9. P. M. 
 on week days and on Sunday afternoons, for reading, 
 from 2 until 6. 
 
 The Branch hours are from 1 until 5.30 and from 
 - until q P. M. 
 
 BUFFALO LIBRARIES. 
 
 Buffalo is easily accessible from Niagara Falls, 
 either by the numerous trains of the New York 
 Central or by the trolley road. Round trip fifty 
 cents. The Buffalo Libraries and other public 
 institutions are ready to receive the members of the 
 A. L. A. at any time, but Buffalo Day is Saturday, 
 June 2/t/j. 
 
 Both roads run parallel with the river and before 
 reaching Buffalo pass through Echota, the Power 
 Company's village; La Salle, where the explorer 
 
built the first boat to sail the great lakes ; Gratw ick, 
 North Tonavvanda, and Tonawanda, all lumber 
 markets. 
 
 BUFFALO PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 
 Buffalo Public Library Building : ( Buffalo Public Liorary, 
 Society of Natural Sciences, Fine Arts Academy ) Washington 
 Street — one block from Main Street — facing Lafayette Square, in 
 which stands the Soldiers' Monument. Leave the New York 
 Central road at Terrace Station. Five minutes' walk. Niagara 
 Falls trolley at terminus. 
 
 While the Buffalo Public Library is but six years 
 old, its collections and its history began as A 
 far back as 1816 — but two S« 
 
 years after the village of A R 
 
 Buffalo had been ^ ^lk\ U 
 
 burned by the ,_ 
 
 British and 
 their Indian 
 allies. In 
 1836 t h L 
 Young Men's 
 Association 
 was formed and absorbed inv. ujucj library associa- 
 tions. In 1864 this association bought the property 
 which is still held by the Buffalo Library, upon which 
 the Hotel Iroquois now stands — a large part of the 
 purchase money having been raised by a popular 
 subscription. The Young Men's Association 
 became the Young Men's Librarv, and in 1886 the 
 Buffalo Library. 
 
 In 1884, another large amount being raised by 
 popular subscription for a fireproof building, the 
 present building was erected, and its doors were 
 opened in January, 1887. 
 
In ] 897 the Buffalo Public Library was organized 
 by a contract between the Citv of Buffalo and the 
 Burtalo Library. The building was remodeled and 
 thrown open as a free public library on September 
 2, 1897. 
 
 The last annual report showed that the library 
 contained 188,846 bound volumes and the circula- 
 tion for 1902 was i,094,86j. Outside the main 
 building, books are circulated through the William 
 Ives Branch, two depositories in settlement houses, 
 ten delivery stations, and 598 grade libraries in 
 thirty-two grammar schools. 
 
 Basement. — Department of schools and traveling 
 libraries. 
 
 First floor. — Delivery room, Autograph room, 
 Open-shelf room. Reference room. Stacks, Office 
 and Catalogue room. 
 
 Second floor. — Periodical room. Children's rooms. 
 
 The Newspaper room is in a separate building 
 adjoining the Library building. 
 
 GROS\'ENOR LIBRARY. 
 
 Grosvenor Librarv, corner of Franklin and Edward streets, 
 fifteen minutes' walii from Lafayette Square. From the Erie or 
 New York Central stations take Main Street, Baynes Street, or 
 Elmwood .Avenue cars. From Niagara Falls trolley, transfer at 
 Lafayette Square to the corner of Main and Edward streets, walk- 
 ing one square, passing between St. Louis ("R. C. ) Church and 
 the Teck Theater. 
 
 A free reference library founded by Mr. Seth 
 Grosvenor, a prominent merchant who came to 
 Buffalo from Connecticut in 1811. He died in 
 New York, a bachelor, in 1857, leaving several 
 public benefactions. For the establishment of a 
 " library of reference in the Citv of Buffalo," he 
 
1 o 
 
 lett 530,000, the increase of which was to be used 
 in the purchase of books and 5 10,000 for the erec- 
 tion of a building. The city was to provide for 
 the running expenses, and it doubled the building 
 fund at that time. The Library occupied rented 
 quarters for twenty-five years, and the building fund 
 increased. In 1895 its present building was erected 
 at a cost of Si 00,000. When the Buffalo Public 
 Library was established a liberal provision was 
 made by the cit)' for the maintenance of the 
 Grosvenor Library. In 1897 a new catalogue was 
 commenced, which is now well advanced toward 
 completion. The Grosvenor has about 65,000 
 volumes, and is open to the public week davs from 
 <) A. M. to TO P. M., and from i ro 6 P. M. 
 Sundays. 
 
 BUFF.ALO HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 ButFalo Historical Society. Leave the New York Central at the 
 Black Rock Station, taking Forest Avenue Car and transfer at Elm- 
 wood .Avenue north. Buffalo State Hospital on the left. New 
 building { The .Albright Gallerv ) for the Buffalo Fine -Arts .Academv 
 on the right. From down town take Elmwood cars direct. 
 
 The building of the Buffalo Historical Society 
 was erected jointly by the Society, the City of Buf- 
 falo and the State of New York, at a cost of 
 S200,ooo, and was used as the State Building during 
 the Pan-American Exposition. The Buffalo His- 
 torical Society was organized in i86a. Its library 
 — free reference — contains 12,000 bound volumes 
 and 8,000 pamphlets, largely local history, town 
 history, genealogy, and general Americana. 
 
 The Society is also custodian of the Lord Li- 
 brary, owned by the City of Buffalo, consisting of 
 
^ 
 
 .0] 
 
 10,500 vol- 
 umes of the- 
 ology, incu- 
 nabula and 
 belle lettres. 
 The private 
 1 i b r a r \ 
 I 1,500 vol- 
 u m e s I o t 
 Millard Fill- 
 more is also r.:..T;,.n „..i,|.„..r ._ .. r.jMa;.,^. 
 
 in the possession of this Society. The Historical 
 Society museum is made up of collections of relics 
 of Buffalo and Western New York from the pioneer 
 days and of the various American wars; the James' 
 collection of coins; the Greene Oriental and Egyp- 
 tian collection ; the Francis' Lincoln collection, etc. 
 Free lectures are given every Sunday afternoon 
 at four o'clock. 
 
 THE BUFFALO. CATHOLIC INSTITUTE. 
 
 BuiFalo Catholic Institute. Corner of Main and V'irginia streets, 
 one block north of Grosvenor Library. 
 
 The Buffalo Catholic Institute (1866) is a sub- 
 scription circulating library of about 11,000 books. 
 It is free to all for reference, and issues without 
 charge members' tickets to the pupils of the R. C. 
 parochial schools, academies, and colleges. 
 
 Zq] 
 
 .§. 
 
reading, for the large it number, at the least eost.'^ 
 
 AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 I \ E Association was founded 
 at Philadelphia on Octo- 
 ber 6, 1876, with a mem- 
 bership of sixtv-four. It 
 was incorporated Decem- 
 ber 10, 1879. Up to 
 V ^~ ~ April 15, 1903, 2,768 
 members have been enrolled, and the present mem- 
 bership numbers 1,260. It has held tsventv-four 
 conferences, and has twice participated in an inter- 
 national conference at London. It aims bv organ- 
 ization to effect needed reforms and improvements ; 
 by cooperation, to lessen the labor and expense of 
 library administration ; by discussion, to utilize the 
 experiments and experience of the profession ; by 
 meetings, to promote acquaintance and esprit de 
 corps. Anyone engaged in library work may 
 become a member by paying the annual fee of 52. 
 
 It is interesting to note that of the sixtv-four 
 who organized the Association, fifteen are still active 
 members. Of these, Mr. C. A. Cutter, of the 
 Forbes Library, Northampton, has the highest 
 record of attendance in the Association, having 
 been present at twenty-one conferences. 
 
r©j 
 
 T. 
 
 PROGRAM MK. 
 
 Prt'sirient : Dr. J. K. HoSMER, 
 
 Public Library, .Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Si-crctiirv : J. I. Wver, Jr., 
 
 University of Nebraska Library, Lincoln. 
 
 Treasurer: Gardner M. Jones, 
 
 Public Library, Salem, .Mass. 
 
 TWEXTY-FIFTH AnNU.-VL MeETING, Ni.-VGARA FaLLS, 
 
 N. Y., June 22-27, 190'?. 
 
 3.00 F. .\I 
 8.00 P, \I 
 
 OUTLINE OF PROGRAMME. 
 
 Monda\^ 'June 22d. 
 
 Aleeting of Council. 
 First general session. 
 Informal reception bv local committee and 
 
 officers. 
 Dancing later. 
 
 Tuesday-, June j ,'rf. 
 
 9.30 A. .\I. Second general session. 
 
 Announcements bv the secretary. 
 -Announcements b\' the local committee. 
 The New York State Reservation, Hon. T. 
 
 V. Welch. 
 Reports of officers and committees. 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Trustees of endowment fund. 
 
 Finance committee. 
 
 Co-operation with N. E. A. 
 
 Foreign documents. 
 
 Public documents. 
 
 International co-operation. 
 
 Title pages and indexes to periodicals. 
 
 Publishing board. 
 
At'ternoon. Free tor sishtseeinsj, committer imetintr>, ttc. 
 8.c: F. M. I'hird general session. 
 
 Address ot greeting, and remarks on Niagara 
 in literature, Peter A. Porter. 
 
 Response bv the president. 
 
 President's address. 
 
 Address, (joldwin Smith. 
 
 // ,./';-, c,/</v, 'Juni J^th. 
 
 9.30 A. M. Fourth general session. 
 
 Business and announcements. 
 Committee reports. 
 
 A. \j. A. exhibit at Louisiana Purchase 
 Exposition. Discussion. 
 Handbook of American libran - 
 Postal and express rates tor niiranes. IJis- 
 cussion. 
 ■ Libraries and the book trade : 
 
 Report of A. L. A. Committee. 
 Statement b\ publisher, Mr. W. F. Zim- 
 merman. 
 Statements from librarians speakinv •"•■ 
 small libraries. 
 2.30 P. M. Simultaneous meetings as follows : 
 
 Children's Librarians' Scrtion. first session. 
 
 Cataract House. 
 National Association ot 6tate Librarians, hrst 
 
 session. Cataract House. 
 Bibliographical Societv of Chicago, Interna- 
 tional Hotel. 
 Trustees' Section, Cataract House. 
 8.00 P. M. Simultaneous meetings as follows : 
 
 National Association of State Librarians, sec- 
 ond session. Cataract House. 
 Catalogue Section, Cataract House. 
 Round table meeting on topics of interest to 
 small libraries. Miss Beatrice W'inser, chair- 
 num^ Cataract House. 
 Librar\' school reunions, 6 to 8 o'clock. 
 Council meeting, 7.30, Cataract House. 
 
Thursday^ Juiif J^th. 
 
 9.30 A. M. Fifth general session. 
 
 Librar\- training, considered as follows : 
 Report of A. L. A. Committee. 
 Statement of action taken by Western 
 
 LihraiT Meeting, A. H. Hopkins. 
 Librarv training as viewed by : 
 (I. Trustees emplo\iiig assistants, Geo. 
 
 A. Macbeth. 
 /». Students with librarv experience both 
 before and after training, Miss 
 Frances Rathbone. 
 I. Western librarv commission or sum- 
 mer schools. Miss I.. E. Stearns. 
 (1. Librarians who have employed both 
 trained and untrained help. Miss 
 Anne Wallace, F. P. Hill. 
 (•. The new librarv school at Cleveland, 
 W. H. Brett. 
 
 Librarv administration : 
 
 Report of A. L. A. committee. 
 
 Essentials of a librarv report, Miss Doren, 
 
 Mr. Foster, Mr. Gaillard. 
 Weak points in librarv statistics, Mr. Bost- 
 wick. Miss Stearns. 
 National Association of State Librarians, third 
 session. Cataract House. 
 
 2.30 P. M. Simultaneous meetings as follows : 
 College Section, Cataract House. 
 State Librarv Commissions Section, first ses- 
 sion. Cataract House. 
 Children's Librarians' Section, second session, 
 International Hotel. 
 
 8.00 P. .\L Sixth general session. 
 
 Fiction in public libraries, Mr. Dana, Miss 
 
 Lord, Mr. Bostwick, Dr. Steiner. 
 Greater freedom in the use of books. Dis- 
 
 cussi"" "iv-M,>,I In F ^V Gaillard, . 
 
Commercial circuiatmi; libraries : their mriii- 
 dice upon and relations to the public lihrarv. 
 Discussion. 
 
 Duplicate pav collections of popular l.."in>. 
 Discussion. 
 
 Friday^ 'Ju'ie 26th. 
 
 9.30 A. .M. Seventh general session. 
 
 Announcements. (Anminl i-lrrriiui of ..tTjcers 
 
 during this morning.) 
 L'nfinished business. 
 Centralization of librarv activities : 
 .A library institute, or general headquarters 
 
 tor the A. L. A., George lies. 
 Discussion : Messrs. Anderson, Canfield, 
 Bowker, Richardson, Crunden. 
 What individual libraries are doing : Librarv 
 of Congress, Carnegie Librarv of Pittsburg, 
 Cleveland Public Librarv, Buffalo Public 
 Librarv, A. L. A. Publishing Board, etc. 
 Summarv : Dangers and advantages of 
 centralization. 
 Afternoon. Council meeting, Cataract House. 
 Committee meetings. 
 
 State Librarv Commissions Section, second 
 session. Cataract House. 
 8.00 P. M. Eighth general session. 
 Announcements. 
 Unhnished business. 
 Report of election tellers. 
 Report of Council to Association. 
 Report of Resolutions Committee. 
 Address, Albert Shaw. 
 Paper : What Canadian libraries are doing. 
 Paper : Southern libraries, .Miss .Marv Hannah 
 Johnson, Carnegie Librarv, Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Saturdaw, 'June 2Jth. 
 Visits to Buffalo, or departure on post-conference trip. 
 
 I o 
 
PROGRAMME OF COLLEGE AND REFERENCE 
 SECTION, THURSDAY, JUNE 25TH. 
 
 Subject ; " The treatment or books according to the 
 amount of their use." 
 
 Papers have been promised bv Dr. Canfield, Columbia 
 University Librar\- ; Mr. W. C. Lane, Harvard University 
 Library ; Mr. W. E. Foster, Providence Public Library ; 
 and Professor E. D. Burton, L^niversitv of Chicago. The 
 discussion will be opened bv Messrs. H. L. Elmendorf, 
 J. T. Gerould, C. H. Gould, Cieorge F. Harris, and E. C- 
 Richardson. 
 
 The text for the papers and discussion will be President 
 Eliot's suggestion for the joint storage of books little used, 
 but many other phases of the subject will be considered, 
 including the effect of " selected libraries " upon the demand 
 for free access to the stack, the relation of departmental 
 and group libraries to the main library, etc. 
 
 PROGRA.MME OF CHILDREN'S LIBRARIANS' 
 SECTION. 
 
 Chairman, M.'^RV E. Dol'sman. 
 
 Fust Session, 7"'"' 2^th. 
 
 Secretar\'s report. 
 Reports of committees. 
 Children's books of 1902 : 
 
 Miss Harriet H. Stanley, Brookline, Mass. 
 Discussion led b\- .Miss Abbv E. Sargent, Medford, 
 Mass.; J. C. Dana, Newark, N. J. 
 (Question box. Conducted by Miss L. E. Stearns. 
 
 [C 
 
 [^ 
 
 .c 
 
Second Session, J""^ Jjth. 
 
 Classification and cataloguino; of children's books : 
 Miss Mildred A. Collar, Pratt Institute Free Librar\-, 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Discussion led bv Miss Margaret Mann, Universit\ of 
 Illinois Library ; Miss Catherine S. Tibbitts, Cleve- 
 land, O. 
 The youngest children and their books 
 
 Miss Caroline Burnite, Carnegie Lihrar\ of Pittsburg. 
 Discussion led by Miss Ertie L. Po\yer, Cle\eland, O.; 
 Mrs. Mary E. Root, Providence, R. I.; Miss Electra 
 C. Doreii, Davton, (). 
 
 PROGRAMME OF A. L. A. CATALOGUE SEC- 
 TION. 
 
 First Session. 
 
 Cataloguing of public documents, L^ S. and foreign, by 
 Miss A. R. Hasse, followed by discussion. 
 The A. L. A. Publishing Board's cards for British docu- 
 ments, form of headings chosen, etc. 
 Printed cards of the Library of Congress: 
 Their various uses and practical difficulties experienced 
 
 in their use. 
 Printed analvticals. 
 Printed reference cards. 
 Cards for series, government documents 
 Adaptation of printed to manuscript cards, ami lue versa. 
 Consideration of points raised at Atlantic City meetings of 
 Advisory Committee on Catalogue Rules. 
 
 Second Session. 
 
 Alphabeting. 
 
 Cataloguing of illustrations. 
 Unused Christian names: 
 Question drawer. 
 
K 
 
 .©. 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
 
 BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 
 
 Hon. Thomas V. Welch, Frederick K. Paddock, Eugene Cary, 
 Hon. John M. Hancock, Maior ,• George G. Shepard. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. 
 
 Hon. Thomas V. Welch, President ; R. A. Taylor, Secretary; 
 George G. Shepard, Treasurer ,- Mrs. Adele B. Barnum, Librarian. 
 
 LOCAL COMMITTEE FOR THE AMERICAN 
 LIBRARY ASSOCI.ATION. 
 
 Hon. Thomas V. Welch, Chairman ; Mrs. Adele B. Barnum, Sec- 
 retary ,- Hon. John M. Hancock, Maxir ,- Mr. Walter L. 
 Brown, Buffalo ; Hon. Peter A. Porter, Buffalo ; Eugene 
 Carv, Frederick K. Paddock, George .G. Shepard, 
 R. A. Tavlor, William B. Rankine, W. E. Tuttle, 
 E. F. Olmsted, E. R. White, E. T. Wil- 
 liams, E. H. Perry, B. B. Dennison. 
 
 SUB-COMMITTEES. 
 
 Committee on Publishing Handbook. 
 
 E. P. Olmsted, W. E. Tuttle, Mrs. Adele B. Barnum, 
 Peter .A. Porter. 
 
 Badge Committee. 
 George G. Shepard, Mrs. Adele B. Barnum, \^'alter L. Broun. 
 
 Hotel Rooming Committee. 
 
 Hon. T. V. Welch, Mrs. Adele B. Barnum, E. H. Perrv, 
 H. W. Isaacs. 
 
 Committee on Railroad Rates. 
 Frederick K. Paddock, Walter L. Brown, B. B. Dennison. 
 
 Press Committee. 
 E. T. Williams, E. R. White. 
 
 Bureau of Information. 
 E. F. Olmsted. 
 
 Eugene Lary, 
 
 Finance Committee. 
 
 Hon. John M. Hancock, 
 William B. Rankine. 
 
 Peter A. Porter, 
 
 Reception Committee. 
 Hon. T. \' . Welch, Chairman. 
 
 K 
 
 .©. 
 
^1- 
 
 ^ / 
 
 
 \ 
 
 frr-^fa.^ 
 
rej 
 
 re 
 
 THE 
 
 LIBRARY 
 STACK 
 
 Tht iilfiil of perfected cointruction. 
 
 THE GENERAL FIREPROOFING CO. 
 
 GENERAL OFFICES and WORKS, YOUNGSTOWN, O. 
 
 This Companv., haiing 
 equipped a most complete fac- 
 tory, using machtner\' to a 
 greater extent than has ever 
 been attempted befope in steel 
 products, arc, therefore, pre- 
 pared to oiferan attractive line 
 of furnishings at original prod- 
 uct quotations. 
 
 Examples of the A ULSTE EL 
 STACK, together with other 
 accessories of the modern 
 Libran.-, will be on exhibition 
 at the American Library Asso- 
 ciation Convention. 
 
 Special furniture of cvcr\ 
 character for ihe 
 
 Library, 
 Banking Rooi 
 Public Building, 
 Commercial O^ 
 
 made to order. Dra- 
 estimates freclv orfcre-;. 
 
 At Ike special meeting or 
 the Capitol Commission th-^ 
 afternoon and to-night : 
 contracts for the furniture 
 be placed ;n the new Cap' 
 of Mississippi was awarded. 
 
 The contract for the mi- . 
 
 stacks to be used in the Hbrnr 
 
 stackroom was let to the f.- 
 
 Ti: Fireproof Comp.Tn. , 
 
 ■■■wn, Ohio, ' 
 
 ,•700. 
 
 r©j 
 
 ^ 
 
I B J^^ D : 
 
 tke 
 
 'tiv&ruAKOrvQ.^ -^Cfy o^XAhra: 
 
 ao-Q-kg.- 
 
 >mrc£LU- 
 
 .io&Env 
 
 
 W\vYw t^tx\j>cf\\'s P - U cnA.\a V> OAvT -r<vr\jt-Cs co rL^o^rfe^OTdL- 
 
 t^£/\S£S. l*flQrV5cLsT\^ rS i nr>T>v »A«vjA^^vr«-vx^ tA r> ^ ■r.VtSfr^f /f 
 
 W eA*.r t tt StVa--urrv^^w iivg-( ) 
 
 A Labcir-Saving Suggestion : Vertical Filing tor Libraruns. 
 
K 
 
 .§. 
 
 vol WILL TREASURE 
 THIS PROGRAMME 
 
 Both as a souvenir and memento 
 of the present enjoyable occasion 
 and as a specimen of the very 
 finest engraving and printing. 
 
 It is a fine specimen, but not 
 any. better than The Complete 
 Press otThe Matthews-Northrup 
 Works in Buifalo is turning out 
 every day for its customers. 
 
 One point worth special con- 
 sideration is in the fact that the 
 book was made complete and 
 throughout by The Complete 
 Press ; from designing and 
 arranging, through photograph- 
 ing, engraving, and printing to 
 binding, it is this establishment's 
 work. 
 
 "The Comi-lete Press" 
 
 THE MATTHEWS-NORTHRUP WORKS 
 
 1 79 Washington Street 
 BUFFALO 
 
 :©: 
 
 e: 
 
Green lk)ok Stack and Snciid Shelt. 
 
 shelf support anJ a thin 
 
 vs or ottuT Inosc p'u-vTs, ■-■r 
 ^ ific sheives. Sue!; 
 ■c-t. ind tn- ibc par.' 
 
 Jisitiitpcl in wittidra' 
 
 THE ONLY bi 
 supports. 
 
 THE ONLY BOOK SHELF of steel that ^ 
 tion, and weighs no more than a pine she!*' 
 
 THE ONLY BOOK SHELF that « 
 
 THE ONLY BOOK STACK that u. 
 or dust. 
 
 A BOOK STACK that is simple, compact, rigid, and fireproof. 
 
 THE STACK is finishr>i iri r:i::.£_ :he SHELVES in enamel; paint should be applied 
 to the immovable parts beca . rack or peel and can be removed at any lime. 
 
 .ri shelves and shelf 
 
 >'ad without deflec- 
 
 iin and receptacles 
 
 Used in the new Library of Congress at Washington, and manv small libraries East, 
 West, N'ort1i,and South. Made in less expensive form, srrr.i.^.rrnr.ior ;V.r ^m.\U :-hrar:rs, 
 lawyers' offices, and private libraries. 
 
 MANCFACTURED BV 
 
 THE SNEED 6c CO. IRON WORKS, 
 
 Foot of Pine Street, JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
 
 Also Contractors and Manufacturers of all classes of Structural and Ornamental Iron Worfc 
 for BuHiings. Artist .Artisans in Wrought Iron and Bronze. 
 
 GREAT GORGE ROUTE 
 
 GIVES YOU. NIAGARA 
 IN ITS MADNESS 
 IN ITS Q_UIETNESS 
 IN ITS SPLENDOR 
 IN ITS MAIESTY 
 
 No 1 RIP TO Niagara Complete Withol r I his. 
 
K 
 
 L©J 
 
 rc 
 
 DELEGATES AND VISITORS 
 
 TO THF. 
 
 TWENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 
 
 ARE CORDLALLY INVITED 
 TO \'ISIT 
 
 The Xatural Food Conservator^' 
 
 and to witness 
 
 the interesting process 
 of manufacture of 
 
 SHREDDED WHOLE WHEAT BISCUIT. 
 
 Guides in attendance. 
 
 No CHARGE. 
 
 THE NATURAL FOOD COMPANY, 
 
 NIAGARA FALLS. 
 
 r©j 
 
 :C 
 

 To Booklovers. 
 
 There are books to get out of a librar>' t 
 aU'M : — books to read once and throw 
 year. Emerson, by the way. wa> not the n 
 
 i ling, and there are ^iH7ks /<< 
 
 ' k- '. Vivi: \\]'Ai vc:ir after 
 
 came out he read an old 
 pic>.c> of Action in a i\L-\y f.rn 
 '- :'n: an t-ntirety /. 
 
 1 he Century Co ha 
 — .iiid .z xt'fus that " . 
 
 1 ukcn together tiv; 
 
 The English Comedie 
 H um aine. 
 
 S;r Rogc 
 
 Bv Addison and Steele. 
 
 The yicar of H'akefie'J. 
 
 
 T!i^ r-rli. 
 
 *^The English 
 Comedie Humaine,'' 
 
 re-jonsirui.iing 
 i-cntury readers 
 in-twccn ihe i 
 
 Bv Olivbh Goldsmith. 
 
 The Man of Feeling, 
 
 V. " 
 
 1:11 Tl. Thcsethr- 
 j iL^liih life in the nr 
 .ire bound toifethcr, .lu'i 1..1111 1 .H'liiij 1 .ji mu =.-i.'i 
 
 Pamela. By Samcel Richarosos, 
 
 741. Created an ep-icli in the history of I£nt;lisli i^<:- 
 tion— reoonitnendcit I'roiu llie pulpit, prai$e<l in clubs 
 and cotfce-ruoin^, imitated in other literatures. 
 
 yoseph Andrezvi. Bv Henrt Fielding. 
 X'rz. In part a p.irody of Richardson's'* Pamela." 
 Fielding seta before us Eoj^listi society as he found it. 
 
 Humphry Clinker. By Tobias Smollett. 
 1771. ■' The most lAuyhable story.'" Th.\ckeray call- 
 ed it, •• written stJice the goodly art of novel-writing: 
 began." 
 
 Pride and Prejudice. Bv Jane Ai'^tfs. 
 
 ItJlS. Its subject is middle^la&s En^li^l< 
 and ii is portrayed with an insight which 1 
 passed. 
 
 Guy Aiannering. Bv Sir Walter Sott. 
 lalS. Scott's great novel of cliaraclcr and manners. 
 Coningsbw Bv Benjamin Di i 
 
 IS**. The t>est of Disraeli's novcK — a : 
 picture ofaribto.:raiii: life m Uogtand neaiU . 
 ago. 
 
 yane Eyre. Bv Charlotte Bronte. 
 
 IMT. Not only a powerful love story, but ctjually 
 not.il>le as a picture of Hnglish provincial life. 
 
 The Caxtons. Bv Bi'Lwer LYTTt»N. 
 
 imy. Most inspiring and wholesome of Bulwcr 
 
 I novels. 
 
 It Is Nfver Too Late to Mend. 
 
 By Charles Readb. I 
 1*56. This is the )>ook which iliil so much to stimu- 
 late public interest in social regeneration in England. 
 
 Sarcheiter Towert. 
 
 Bv Anthonv Trollope. 
 ISAi. The best of TroUope's novels, a study of life 
 in Ihe imaginary cathedral town of Barchester < Salts- 
 l.;jry., 
 
 Adam Bede. By Gborgb Eliot 
 
 , t.-niprr of the story rcprcscnr 
 iiirnlled English thought 
 ^e nineteenth century. I 
 
 f T t'.v-_'nri'_-ih- 
 
 \tt Bal- 
 
 \\\K^\\' •■■.\ *'\\'.\^ some of 
 
 tbcbe books, but few own many 
 
 nf th-rm. Thev were hclected 
 
 ■ they arc 
 
 rm (the 
 
 - rr^pr... 
 
 f ; ,iH 
 
 jyp-.', nil,. p-'["-- •' '---' 'i^'h 
 binding, with leather tip, — 
 nothini* hsnd^^mrr i«r more use- 
 ful ■■ y librarj'. 
 a v,-ry 
 g md they 
 liit.i. rr . c'.d It: u r I'ty /i>tv 
 pricf. If you want a set, send 
 at once. Oet the hook^ in time 
 to have them sent to your 
 sumtiter hovie : ^h-e yourself 
 tkf treat, this sumtn^f, of 
 
 volumes is %\'l, payable 
 monthly installnient-i, and 
 
 the set, charges paid, on receipt 
 of 81. If not saiisfactiiry. 
 return th- '■ ' -•'■'■ -ac will re- 
 turn the > coupon. 
 TH .1. 
 
 i.u-K. THP i-i-Vli'KV C'l 
 
 lor one year. 
 >rh f..r II months. 
 
EVERY LIBRARY AND LIBRARIAN 
 
 Should oivn ff^ebster' s Interr.ationaly 
 Tin- fiFiT PRACTICJI If'ORKING DILTlOSjiRT. 
 
 A. H. Saycc. I.L.D.. l 
 I'liivcrsity, Enslaiid. h 
 marvelous work; it is dithcuk tif c 
 ccive of a Dictionary more cxliai- 
 .ind complete. Everything is in it. 
 
 THE NEW EM la^itfs. with 5,0041 illustrations, and is printed from new plates 
 
 throughout. 'JS-'WO ; s h.tve rcc-tncly been added under the editorship of W. T. 
 
 Harris. Ph.D.. LL.D., L'. 6. ■^^■.-..•.■.■.i^^Mic: of Education. 
 
 Let us irnd you sptctmen pages and trttimoniah from many eminent authorities. 
 
 G. .V C. MERRIAM CO , Plbiishers - - - SpRiNnriELn, .Mas^ 
 
 
 ■' SIANUARD 
 
 ALL 
 STEEL 
 BOOK 
 STACKS 
 
 PUBLIC 
 LIBRARY 
 
 \ I A G A R A 
 I ALLS, N. V. 
 
 SUPPLIED BY 
 
 ARi AihlAL LUNblRLLTlON CO. 
 
 lAMESTOWN, N'. V. 
 
 D. VAN NO STRAND COMPANY 
 
 Have recently issucJ new editions of their Catalogue published in parts, as follows, which 
 
 will be sent gratis on applicatien : 
 
 Part I. Books or: Steam, Steam Engines, Machinery, Etc., - 
 
 P.\RT II. B'jcis on Electricity, Electric Lighting, Etc., gO /i^y 
 
 Part III. Books or. Chemistry, Chemical Technology, and PhvMi.;. lu pa^t-. 
 
 P.\BT I\'. Books or. Civil Engineering, Hydratl^^, and Water Supply, In Press. 
 
 D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY, 
 
 PuUisi,'! ur.J Bcoksrllcr,, 
 
 z\ Ml'rrav and z- Wabren >treets, new YORK. 
 
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