owtoStudT jS^^J^^^^^^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. SlaplU^np^riig]^ :fii Shelf X--c:.S UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 'A .--rif vt'^ UNITED STATES HISTORY BY THE ^A BRACE SYSTEM, A Study of the History of the United States for the Use of Teacher and Pupil. By JOHN TRAINER, County Superintendent of Schools, Macon Co., 111. CHICAGO: A. FLANAGAN, Publisher. 1883. COPYRIGHT BY JOHN TRAINER. 1883. Sl.A«LY, M*RSM Ic CO., PRINTERS, CHICAOO. CONTENTS. Preface 4 Carlyle's Opinion : 6 Period of Discovery 7 Colonial Period. 15 Intercolonial Wars 39 Revolutionary Period 47 Constitutional Period 50 More Queer Queries 91 Answers TO Queer Queries 114 Methods of Outlining 192 Individual States 196 Individual Territories. 209 Origin of the Names of States 214 Names and Mottoes of States 217 PREFATORY AND EXPLANATORY. The Plan of this little book sets forth the following es- sential points in active school-room work : 1. A Blackboard Analysis of each and every topic in United States History. 2. Directions for Studying each immediate topic. (In this point the author believes that this help is necessary in al- most every preparation of a lesson.) ri. " Queer Queries " are introduced immediately after the reference work, in order to stimulate more reference reading. The author finds that his pupils not only find the answers to the Queries, but in doing so, they invariably fix some other important fact, thus not only doing a definite work, but be- coming familiar with authors which they would not otherwise read. 4. The Daily Reviews are absolutely necessary to an en- tire success in the study of this branch. Without definite reviews the pupil will not retain the mass of facts ever ac- cumulating in the study of History. The teacher who fails to keep up constant daily reviews fails to impress these facts permanently upon the memory of the pupil. 5. By the use of the Blackboard Analysis, Directions for Studying, Queer Queries, Daily Reviews and other numerous helps contained in the book, the teacher is enabled to adopt the topical recitation and thus make a multiplicity of texts not only desirable but actually beneficial and helpful. " The greater number of authors in the school the better," so say a number of teachers now using the plans as copied from Insti- tute Work. PREFATORY AND EXPLANATORY. VI 6. The constant reference to the Constitution will give the pupil a fair knowledge of the principles of our Govern- ment by the time he completes his course in United States History. The teacher should introduce other questions as needed, from time to time. 7. The somewhat extended list of " Queer Queries" on United States History enables the teacher and pupil to have a ready reference always at hand for the purpose of investi- gation. 8. Finally, // is believed that the average pupil will gain a thorough k^iowledge of the subject in one half the time usually allotted to this study. That instead of spending years on the text-book "question and answer" method, he will gain this knowledge in one or two terms. When you have tried the plans as eliminated in this little book and are convinced of their success or foilure, then, and not till then, condemn or commend the school-room prod- uct of YE PEDAGOGUE. Decatur, III., July, 1883. Thomas Carlyle's Advice. "I can assure you on very good experience, it is far less important to a man that he read many books than that he read a few well, and with his luhole mind aivake to them. This is indisputably certain. A very small lot of books will serve to nourish a man's mind if he handle them well; and I have known innumerable people whose minds have all gone to ruin by reading carelessly too many boohs. As to subjects for reading, I recommend in general all kinds of books that will give you real infor- mation about men, their works and ways, past and present. History is evidently the grand subject a student will take to. Never read any such book without a map beside you ; endeavor to seek out every place the author names, and get a clear idea of the ground you are on ; without this you can never understand him, much less remember him. Mark the dates of the chief events and epochs ; write them ; get them fixed into your memory — chronology and geography are the two lamps of history." (Written in 1S52, to his nephew, Dr. Carlyle, of Toronto, Canada, who was then qualifying himself for a teacher). THE BR^CE: UNITED STATES HISTORY. STUDY I. BLACKBOARD FORM. Periods. 1492-1607 1607-177S , -o .HHr- rL^i y Period OF ^ 117^9- J ^ Discovery. Settlement. Revolution. Constitution. Write the above form on the board, slate, or scratch-book, and repeat until learned. "From 1492 to 1607 ^^ called the Period of Discovery; from 1607 ^^ ^775 is called the Period of Settlement," etc. Questions. — Why do we adopt the date 1493 as a begin- ning for the time of a Period? Why do we divide the studv of U.S. History into Periods? How many and what Pe- riods? From what is each named? Write the form. Re- write it until thoroughly learned. Erase and write it again . Period of Discovery. BLACKBOARD FORM. r" o o 1492 H93 1498 1502 Columbus " San Salvador. Isabella. S. America. ^ Cent. America. Cape Breton. America. -E :;:: 1 '^y^ ^•^ yi Cabots H ^ 1^ 1499 Vespucci Write the form and repeat, " In 1492 Columbus discovered San Salvador; in 1493 Columbus founded Isabella on Hayti C5 UNITED STATES HISTORY. Island; in 1498 Columbus discovered South America, near the mouth of the Orinoco River," etc. Commence the state- ment with " In " and simply make the best sentence to tell what was done. Directions. — i. Tell the story of Columbus's boyhood. 2. Of his trials and triumphs in securing aid to carry out his undertakings. 3. Of his first voyage. 4. Of his subse- quent voyages. 5. Tell all about the Cabots, and what they did. D. Ditto Vespucci. queer queries. 1. What did Columbus do with the $70 which Queen Isabella sent him ? 2. How many and Vvhat countries did he visit to secure aid in fitting out his vessels? 3. What did " Old King John " do when he applied to him for aid? 4. Where did Columbus think the Orinoco had its source? 5. How many times was he buried? Where is his grave now ? Locate the place. 6. What did he make out of the Santa Maria? 7. What did the Cabots take to England with them ? 8. Why was not the continent called Columbia? 9. What was the German geographer's name who pub- lished the first account of the New World ? 10. Who first saw the land from Columbus's vessel? BLACKBOARD FORM. C Palos to Gomera. Gomera to San Salvador. Tracing J San Salvador to Cuba. Columbus, j Cuba to Hayti. I Hayti to St. Mary's. 1^ St. Mary's to Palos. Recited: " Columbus sailed from Palos to Gomera, from Gomera to San Salvador, San Salvador to Cuba," etc. PERIOD OF DISCOVERY. g Let the pupil find and locate each of the above on some good map. REVIEW. 1. Write the form for the Periods. 2. For the Three Great Discoverers. 3. For tracing Columbus. 4. Write an account of Columbus's second voyage. 5. Tell the story of Columbus and the egg. 6. Make out a skeleton to represent the Periods, thus: f - 1° u Periods. 4 ^^ Period of Now fill the blanks orally. 7. Make blank skeleton for the Three Great Discoverers and fill in same manner. 8. Write a short paragraph about the Cabots. Remarks. — Tell nothing in the language of the author. Use your own language. 7a/y^ and write independently. ^'-^ lO UNITED STATES HISTORY. STUDY II, BLACKBOARD FORM. f 1512 — De Leon. I 1513— Balboa. Spanish. -\ 1520 — Magellan. I 1 541 — De Soto. Discoveries [^ 1565 — Melendez. r 1524 — Verrazani. of -I French. J 1534- Cartier. 1^ 1605 — DeMonts. Nations. f 1579 — Drake. Eno-lish. A I £^84 \ Tj 1 t> 1 J -t I Barlow. 1602 — Gosnold. Dutch. 1609 — Hudson. Directions. — i. Take De Leon as a subject, and read all your history may say of him. If other authors are at hand, read their version of the same subject. Finally, settle down on the fact that " In 151 2 De Leon discovered Florida." 2. Treat the discoverers in order as arranged above, in a simi- lar manner. Do not undertake the study of more than one or two daily. 3. As you proceed be sure to write and re- write all the preceding forms. 4. Tell the story of De Leon and his discoveries. Trace him from place to place. 5. Dit- to for each discoverer. 6. Locate each place discovered, on the map [i. e.^ point out each place and tell where it is). 7 Make a list of each group of discoverers. QUEER QUERIES. 11. Why was Florida so called? South Sea? Pacific Ocean? California? Virginia? 12. What was De Leon looking for? Did he find it? Why? PERIOD OF DISCOVERY. II 13. Why did Balboa come to America? 14. Why did Melendez murder the French? 15. Why did Balboa wade into the ocean? 16. Which discoverer drove hogs before him while travel- ing? 17. Where did DeSoto leave his wife when he traveled through the South? Why was he buried so often? Where and how each time? 18. What became of Magellan? Drake? Gosnold? 19. Tell all you can about curious Indian mounds. 20. After whom should this continent have been named? Why? 21. What was the Astrolabe, as used by Columbus? 23. What did Columbus do when he first stepped on American soil? 23. What did the Indians think the ships of Columbus were ? 24. What explorer was left on Hudson's Bay to perish with his son and four companions? 25. Is the chicken a native of America? The turkey? The horse? The sheep? 26. What did Columbus believe Hayti to be? 27. What is the only marsupial of America? 28. What early explorer lies under a pair of stairs in Que- bec? 29. What noted explorer lies in the mud of the Mississippi? 30. What is the oldest town in the United States? REVIEW. 9. Write about each of the explorers in turn. 10. What part of the United States did each nation claim, and why? 11. How many and what nations made discoveries within the present boundaries of the United States? 12 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 13. Trace Sir Francis Drake on his voyages. 13. Who named Virginia? Why the right to name it? 14. Tell all you can about tobacco and the potato. 15. Trace Hudson to his abandonment on Hudson's Bay. 16. Which is the oldest settlement in the United States? In Canada? 17. Name the four great Indian tribes. Where was each located ? 1 8. Tell all you can about the Indian dress. BLACKBOARD FORM. Claims. - ( Florida. I New Mexico. Arcadia. Canada. Mississippi Valley. New Netherlands. N. Virginia. S. Virginia. N. Albion. Copy the above form neatly and carefully ; recite, " Spain claimed all the southeastern part of the United States under the name of Florida," and "the southwestern under the name of New Mexico." " France claimed the northeastern part of the United States, the northern (including Canada) and the whole of the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley, under the name of Acadia, Canada, and the Mississippi Valley.' " Holland claimed the territory extending from the Delaware Bay to the Connecticut Valley, under the name of New Netherlands." " England claimed all of the southern part of the United States under the name of South Virginia, and the northern under the name of North Virginia, and the western under the name of New Albion." PERIOD OF DISCOVERY. I 3 QUESTIONS AND DIRECTIONS. After a careful study of the map tell what claims over- lapped. 19. The overlapping of claims would probably lead to what? Why was New Albion so called? Virginia? Florida? Acadia? Canada? New Netherlands? 20. By what right could any nation claim a new territory in America? 21. By what right did the Dutch claim New Netherlands? The English, North and South Virginia and New Albion ? Remarks. — The recitation should be from the blackboard form, invariably. Pupils should depend entirely upon the memory in class recitation, 2. ^., all books and helps should be laid aside. More or less writing should be required at each recitation. Be sure that you can locate each place named in the text. Write the preceding blackboard forms daily until learned. Never write them without repeating the sentence for each date. WRITTEN EXAMINATION. Write with ink if possible. Be very careful about the spelling of proper names. Indent the first word of each para- graph, After papers are graded file them for future reference. 22. Write a short sketch of Columbus and what he did. 23. When and by whom was Guanahani discovered? The Mississippi? How many years had intervened from the dis- covery of one to the discovery of the other? 24. Write in order of the time of the discovery the names of the discoverers adopted in the analysis (blackboard form). 25. Tell the nationality of each discoverer, and the power he served. Tell the story of De Leon and the Fountain of Youth. 26. Who were the three great discoverers? 27. Tell something that you have read concerning the early discoveries not found in your text-book. 14 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 8. What do you think about the real honor of the name America? Should it belong to Americus, or Columbus? 29. Did Columbus know that he had discovered America? Where did he die? 30. Give the limits of North and South Virginia (in de- grees). Colonial period. 15 STUDY III. Colonial Period, blackboard form. Virginia. Virginia. 1 607 — Jamestown. 16 10 — Famine. ^ ) Legislative. " J Negroes. 1 620 — Women. 1 62 2 — Massacre. 1624 — Royal. 1 644 — M a ssacre. 1676 — Bacon's. f 1607. j Jamestown. \ Eng. Emigrants. I Edward VVino^field. Directions. — i. After reading all you can find concern- ing the settlement of Jamestown, repeat: " In 1607 Jamestown was settled." "In 1610 a famine occurred," etc. 2. Copy and recite the above as you memorize the event. 3. Place "in" before 1607, " ^^" before Jamestown " by" before Eng. Emigrants, and " under" before Edward Wingfield. Then memorize: " Virginia was settled in 1607, ^^ Jamestown, dy English emigrants, under Edward Wingfield." 4. Tell all you can about the Indian Massacres. 5. Tell all you can about the legislative assembly. 6. Read all you find on the introduction of slavery into the colony. Tell this in your own words. 7. What is meant by a charter government? Why so called.^ QUEER QUERIES. 31. What did the Indians of Jamestown plant in order to grow ammunition? l6 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 32. How many negroes were sold at first, at Jamestown ? 33. Were women really sold in Jamestown? If so, what was the price? 34. How did Captain Smith shield himself from the arrows of the Indians? 35. Is the story of Pocahontas's saving Captain Smith now accepted as true? 36. How did Columbus make the egg stand on end? Tell the story? 37. What became of Sir Walter Raleigh? 38. Are the ruins of Jamestown now visible? 39. What early explorer climbed a tree in order to see the Pacific Ocean? 40. What is meant by the Virginia Readjusters? REVIEW. 31. Write the i!nalysis of the claims to American soil. 32. Write a good sketch of Balboa. De Soto. 33. Locate territory which overlapped by conflicting claims. 34. How many and what periods in our history? Give date of beginning of each. 35. What did Columbus do? Balboa? DeSoto? DeLeon? Bacon? Pocahontas? Cortez? Gosnold ? Cartier? Magellan? Champlain? Verrazani? 36. Make out the analysis of Virginia. Of the voyages of Columbus. 37. What is meant by North and South Virginia, as men- tioned in the histories ? 38. Explain what is meant by the Plymouth and the Lon- don companies. 39. Why was Virginia so called? 40. Did the early settlers find gold in Virginia? Is there any native gold in the State? Who is the present governor? How many and what capitals has it had? COLONIAL PERIOD. 17 Remarks. — i. Do not memorize the text of any author. Use your own language to tell what you know of the text. 2. Write the answers to all the questions. " Once writing a topic is worth twice reciting it." 3. Repeat and re- write, time and again, that which you find most difficult to remem- ber. 4. Do not omit taking notes as you find new facts in different authors. i8 United states history. STUDY IV. BLACKBOARD FORM. Massachusetts. -< 1620 — Plymouth. 1628 — Splem. 1630 — Boston, etc. 1643 — Union. 1675 — King Philip's. 1686— Royal. 1 693 — Witchcraft. 1620. Plymouth. ^ Pilgrims. 1^ John Carver. I^f Massachusetts. ^ a, r h *" O I 1628. Salem. Puritans. John Winthrop. Directions. — i . Read 3'our histories to find the best " word- ing" for a sentence to express the exact meaning of the above dates and key-words. When you have settled in your own mind the best expression, then repeat the sentence till you have memorized it. 2. x\fter thoroughly fixing each fact as you gather it from your authors, tell the story in your own language. 3. Follow the du'ections given in connection with the history of Virginia, for Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies. 4. Read all the books at your command on the Salem Witchcraft, then tell the story in a lively manner. Tell all about King Philip and his hostility to the whites. 5. Explain what is meant by a voluntary association as ap- plied to the Plymouth Colony. COLONIAL PERIOD. Irt QUEER QUERIES. 41. How many persons came over in the Mayflower.? Who was the first governor of Plymouth Colony? 3. What man was pressed to death in the witchcraft de- lusion .f" 43. What man was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony? What church did he found? 44. What is the " Hub of the Universe"? 45. Where and when was the first college within the pres- ent limits of the United States established? What is it called? 46. What was the first American publication? 47. What was done with King Philip's head? With his little son? 48. Who was the " Great Indian Apostle"? 49. Why did the early settlers of New England object to chimneys? What is a "cat-in-clay" chimney ? 50. What became of Anne Hutchinson? Of William Drummond? REVIEW. (Let this review be in writing.) 41. Trace the Pilgrims in their wanderings from their homes in England to the wilds of America. 42. Write all you can about the wandering of De Soto. 43. Write the blackboard form for the discoveries of na- tions. 44. Study the subjects of the early history of the potato, to- bacco, introduction of hogs, cattle and horses into the colonies, then write the facts in your own language. 45. Write all you can about the two Indian massacres in Virginia. 46. Write the blackboard form for the claims to Ameri- can soil. 20 UNITED STATES HISTORV. 47. What was the extent of North and South Virginia? The New Netherlands ? Of Acadia ? Of Florida ? 48. What explorations did Verrazani make? 49. Write the history of King Philip's war. 50. Write the form for tracing Columbus. Write a list of all persons whose history you have studied, and mark the ac- cent of each. Remarks. — The teacher should assign written review top- ics in each recitation. He should not spend much time in the oral recitation of the advance lesson — ^just enough to bring all the important facts before the class. Send the class to the board with the distinct understanding that each of its mem- be is shall confine his writing to a given space. Assign each a topic with the request that he tell the most possible in the fewest words. When ready, have each in turn read what he has written. After each reading have the class criticisms. Criticise spelling, punctuation and arrangement. COLONIAL PERIOD. 21 STUDY V. BLACKBOARD FORM. New Hampshire. New Hampshire. Rhode Island. Rhode Island. f . \ Portsmouth. 1633 \ ^ I "^ ( Dover. 16S0 — Royal. i 16S3 — Earthquake. 1623. Portsmouth and Dover. N. Eng. Emigrants. Mason and Gorges. 1 636 — Providence. 1 637 — Portsmouth. 1 639 — Newport. 1663 — Charter. 1636. Providence. N. Eng. Emigrants. Rosrer Williams. Directions. — i. Bound New Hampshire and ^Rhode Is- land. Locate the capital of each. 2. Read all authors at hand on the Rhode Island charter of 1663. Find some good hiography or life of Roger Williams and be able to tell as much about his life as possible, queer queries. 51. What was discovered in Roger Williams's grave? 52. What nation introduced horses into the present limits of the United States? 53. What samples of workmanshio were found near the Madeira Islands previous to the discovery of America? 54. What State had witchcraft laws? 55. Do historians know how America was peopled? What theories? 22 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 56. Who were the sea kings of history? 57. Who are supposed to have built the queer old tower of Newport ? Describe it. 58. Who was Anne Hutchinson? What became of her? 59. What did De Gourgues do with his Spanish prisoners? 60. What did the Indians use for mirrors? Remarks. — Have the pupils report and answer such Queer Queries as they may have found. Collect their note-books, and after examining them carefully, return them with commen- dation or criticism, as may be best suited to the individual. Let one of your many cares be to ever insist upon neatness in the appearance of all written work. REVIEW. 51. Write the names of the explorers, placing those be- lono-ins: to different nations in certain columns. Pronounce each name and mm-k the accent. 52. Write the blackboard form for claims. 53. What was the extent of Discovery Period? Give date of beginning and ending. 54. Write the blackboard form for Virginia. For Massa- chusetts. Write a short sketch of Roger Williams. 55. What is meant by the Pilgrims? By the Puritans? r ^^35 — Windsor. I 1636 — Weathersfield, Connecticut. -{ 1637 — Pequod. 163S — New Haven, 1662 — Charter. r 1635. Windsor. N. Eng. Emigrants. Thomas Hooker. Connecticut. Directions. — i. Bound C^'^^'^^ticut and locate Windsor COLONIAL PERIOD. 23 and New Haven. 2. Read all you can find concerning Thomas Hooker. 3. Ditto the Pequod War. QUEER QUERIES. 61. What Indian chief ate some flesh from the shoulder of a captive chief ? 63. On what day of the week did Columbus discover America ? 63. Why was California so called? 64. What is the oldest college in the United States? 65. What did Canonicus send to Governor Bradford and what did he return? 66. "Who ate Roger Williams?" 67. What did Captain Smith take from the Indians and hold until they filled his boat with corn? 68. Who named New England? 69. What Indian marked his flight by hanging hands, heads and scalps on poles? 70. Who was taken for an angel in the Indian attack on Hadley? Why are the people of New England called Yan- kees? Review. 56. Rewrite all the blackboard forms in order, beginning with that of the Periods. 57. After writing all the forms recite the outline as sug- gested by them. Remark.— If not familiar with the forms at this point you should spend some time reviewing them. 24 UNITED STATES HISTORY. New York. New York. STUDY VI. BLACKBOARD FORM. 1623 — New Amsterdam. 1624 — Fort Orange. 1626 — Peter Minuit. 1664 — English. 1673 — Dutch. 1674 — EngHsh 1689 — Royal. 1623. New Amsterdam. Dutch. Peter Minuit. Directions. — i. Read your authors to determine why the date 1623 is adopted as that of the first settlement rather than that of i6i3ori6i4. 2. Read all you can command con- cerning the four Dutch governors of New York. 3. Deter- mine from your texts why the English were able to capture New Amsterdam so easily. 4. If the "History of New York," by Washington Irving, can be found in the neighbor- hood, borrow it and read all he says about the " Knicker- bockers." 5. Explain what is meant by a royal province. QUEER QUERIES. 71. Which of the Dutch governors had a wooden leg? 73. What was Hooker's guide through the wilderness in his journey to Connecticut? 73. What did Minuit pay the Indians for Miuihattan Is- land? 74. Why is Wall street so called ? 75. Who was the little " Indian Fighter" of Massachusetts? COLONIAL PERIOD. 25 76. Who said, " 1 thank God there are no free schools or pnnting presses, and I hope that we shall not have them these three hundred years"? 77. Why did Bacon burn Jamestown? 78. What was done with the Indians who were carried to Europe? 79. Who said, " We must burn them" ? 80. Who said, " Sir, if we are Interrupted again I will make the sun shine through you in a moment"? REVIEW. 58. Write the blackboard form for each colony as far as learned. 59. Write the form for the first date, first settlement, etc., of each colony to one studied. 60. Why v^as each colony so called? 61. Write a brief sketch of King Philip. Pocahontas. Peter Stuyvesant. 62. Write all you can about John Smith. Balboa. De Soto. 63. Write a list of explorers and give their nationalities. 64. What averted the war threatened by Powhattan and the English in 161 2? 65. Describe Bacon's Rebellion. 66. What were the peculiar features of the Maryland, charter? 67. What is meant by Mason and Dixon's line? 68. How did the term " patroon " originate? 69. When was St. Augustine founded? Port Royal? Jamestown? Plymouth? New Amsterdam? 70. Why was New York called New Netherlands? What does it mean? Remark. — The secret of success in memorizing dates de- pends solely upon their repetition in connection with the key- 26 UNITED STATES HISTORY. word. Bear in mind the necessity of your constant use of the pen or pencil while reviewing. Do not omit the written re- view till the topic is thoroughly mastered. COLONIAL PERIOD. 2"] STUDY VII. BLACKBOARD FORM. r 1665— Elizabeth. Mew Tersev J 1^74— East and West Jersey. New Jersey. ^ 1702-Uiiited. [^ 1738 — Governor. r 1665. T., -r Elizabeth. New Jersey. j Long Islanders. [^ Philip Carteret. Directions. — i. Review the colonies and determine which became royal provinces, which remained under char- ter government, and which were proprietary, if any. 2. Re- view all you have at hand concerning the four Dutch gov- ernors of New York. 3. Read all you can find concerning an Indian wigwam and Indian money. Give a description of each in your own language. QUEER QUERIES. 81. Where did Columbus think the source of the Orinoco River was? 82. What did Philip Carteret carry on his shoulder when he led the Dutch settlers from Long Island to Elizabeth.? Why? 83. What did Columbus construct out of the Santa Maria? 84. Who waded into the ocean to his armpits? 85. What was once planted, in the streets of Jamestown? 86. The governor of what State acted as governor for New Jersey until 1738? 87. Who sold his interest in Ne"- Jersey to the Quakers? 28 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 88. What celebrated preacher was once governor of New- Jersey? 89. Where was the « Charter Oak "? When blown down? 90. What was the color of Columbus's flag? Of the cross? What is meant by " Forefathers' Rock " ? REVIEW. 71. Write the blackboard forms for Virginia. 72. For New Hampshire. 73. Massachusetts. 74. Rhode Island. 75. Connecticut. 76. New York. 77. New Jersey. Remarks. — The teacher should now send the class to the board daily for about two minutes' work. Say to one, write forms for Virginia; to another, Massachusetts, etc. When time has expired say, " Time." Have all stop and " face " for recitation. Call for form by naming the colony or subject. When the pupil has read this form intelligently, call for class criticisms. Criticise spelling, use of capitals, punctuation, brace, etc. Do this daily. Commence to build up the dates in regular order by using the date and key-word, beginning with *^ 1607, Jamestown," etc. COLONIAT. PERIOD. 2^ STUDY VIII. BLACKBOARD FORM. j 1 68 1— Schuylkill. T) 1 • 16S7. — Philadelphia, i ennsylvania. < ^r,-^ -„ ^ •^ j 1664— renn. [^ 1699 — Penn. f 1681. xy 1-1 Schuylkill. Pennsylvania. { -r-, i- 1 r-^ i •^ j l^nglish Quakers. 1^ William Markham, Directions. — i. Search your histories, or the encyclo- pedia for some account of William Penn. 2. Read all you can find concerning Penn's treaty with the Indians. 3. Find the speech of Penn to the Indians and memorize it. Repeat the words of the chiefs in reply to his speech. QUEER QUERIES. 91. Who was the "Quaker King"? 93. What and where is the "City of Brotherly Love"? 93. What is meant by " The Friends"? 94. Was Pennsylvania ever a Royal Province? Connect- icut? Rhode Island? 95. What did Penn's land cost him per acre. 96. What is the " Old Dominion " ? The " Keystone State " ? The " Empire State " ? 97. What was the age of " Penn's elm " when blown down in 1810? How determine the age of an elm-tree? 98. What other colony was ruled by the governor of Pennsylvania? 99. What is meant by the " Commonwealth "? 30 UNITED STATES HISTORY. loo. What did the State pay the Pena family for their claims to Pennsylvania? Review. — i. Write the blackboard form for New Jersey and Massachusetts, 2. Write all you can about the Pequod AVar. 3. Read and rewrite all the important fiicts about Bacon's rebellion. 4. Write the form for the first settle- ment of each colony. 5. Bound Pennsylvania and locate its capital. 6. Name the colonies in the order of their settle- ments so far as learned. 7. Explain why each one was so called. Note. — Collect the note books and inspect their condition. Show pupils how they may improve the appearance of the page. Commend the neater work and encourage the poorer workers to do better. Have written work daily. Do not neglect this. i 1638 — Christiana Creek. Delaware. V 1682 — Duke of York. ( 1703 — Legislature. r 1638. T-N 1 j Liuistiana. Delaware. -^ ^ , j v^wecles. (^ Peter Minult. Note. — Teacher explain wh}^ the history of Delaware is usually treated In connection with that of Pennsylvania. COLONIAL PERIOD. 31 STUDY IX. BLACKBOARD FORM. Maryland, -j [ Maryland. r 1634 — St. Mary's. ! 1646 — Clayborne's. 1655— Civil War. 1 69 1 — Royal. 1634. St. Mary's. English Catholics. Leonard Calvert. Directions. — i. Read your authors to determine why Lord Baltimore desired to found a colony in America. 2. Determine the cause of Clayborne's Rebellion. 3. Of Ba- con's. 4. Of the civil war in Maryland. 5. Of the Pe- quod War. 6. Of King Philip's War. lOI. the Ki 102. 103. 104. don or 105. 106. 107. ernor? 108. 109. no. QUEER QUERIES. What yearly rent did Lord Baltimore agree to pay ng for the territory of Maryland.? Why did not Lord Baltimore settle in Virginia.? Why was Maryland so called? Was the territory of Maryland included in the Lon- in the Plymouth company's charter? Has your State ever furnishe J a president? Whom? What is the Indian pipe of peace called? What is the motto of your State? Who is the gov- What is a " Quaker gun"? When and how often does Congress assemble? Who is president of the Senate? 32 UNITED STATES HISTORY. Review. — i. Make a list of the colonies in chronological order as far as studied. 3. Ditto in geographical order, with the capital of each. 3. Make a list of the Indian wars and rebellions as far as learned, and name one prominent actor in each. 4. Make a list of the colonies studied and name the prevalent religion of each. 5. Write the forms for the set- tlement of Massachusetts. 6. Give the causes of the settle- ment of each colony. 7. Name and explain the several kinds of governments of the colonies. 8. Which colonies never became royal provinces? Note. — i. The teacher should so frame his questions as to require some research in order to answer them. 2. Read history with an object in view, not as a pastime; /. ^., read with a view to settling a question. 3. Do not omit the class reviews at each recitation. The teacher whofiiils to do some- thing in this direction fails to give his pupils a good knowl- edge of history. 4. Direct the pupil to certain authors which may be had in the neighborhood, and always have a secret purpose in doing so. COLONIAL PERIOD. 33 North and South Carohna. North and South Carohna. STUDY X. BLACKBOARD FORM. [^ 1663 — Albemarle. ^ J 1665 — Clarenden Colony. o j 171 1 — Massacre. K^ (^ 1729 — Royal. 1^ 1679 — Ashley River. 1680 — N. Charleston. 1739 — Royal. 1663. Albemarle Colony. William Drummond. Virfrinians. 1679^ Carteret Colony. William Sayle and others. 13arbadoes. Directions. — i. Study the Carolinas as one colony to the separation in 1729. 2. Search your authors to find something new concerning " Locke's Grand Model." 3. Tell all you can about it in your own words. QUEER QUERIES. III. What is meant by the "Gri^nd Model"? 1X2. What tribe of Indians engaged in the massacre of 711? 113. What is the meaning of ^ Phwibus UniimP 3 34 UNITEt) STATES HISTORY. 114. Does the President of the United States read his an- nual message to Congress? 115. Was Columbus ever married? 116. What river of South Carolina was once called the Jordan ? 1 17. What was the " Lost Colony of America"? iiS. What did the settlers at Roanoke live on for a short time? 119. What governor signed another's death warrant while drunk? 120. What is built over Champlain's tomb? Review. — i. Begin with the settlement of Jamestown and build up the dates and key- words for the twelve colonies studied. 2. Review this column of dates and select those hav- ing two events. 3. Select dates for the time of becoming royal provinces. 4. Ditto for wars and massacres. Remarks. — i. It is now time to take a comprehensive view of the thirteen colonies. Drill on the order of settle- ment until you can name them in thi^ manner; in order, geographically; in order of becoming royal provinces; in or- der of wars and rebellions. Search your histories until you determine what church was most popular in each colony. Make a special study of the early colleges in order of their establishment. If you have read any incident or fact con- cerning the early schools of the colonies tell it in the class. Trace the history to give a sketch of the social condition of the colonies. COLONIAL PERIOD. 35 Georgia. Georgia. STUDY XI. BLACKBOARD FORM. 1733 — Savannah. 1740 — St. Aui^ustine. 1743 — Spanish. 1753 — Royal. 1733— Savannah. Poor, etc. James Oglethorpe. Directions. — i. Study all at hand concerning the Trus- tees of Georgia. 3. Read the sketch of John and Charles Wesley, no matter where it may be found. 3. If a cyclo- pedia is in the neighbDrhood or in the reference library turn to the subject " Oglethorpe, James," and read the paragraph carefully. 4. Study Virginia as the first colony settled and Georgia as the last before the Revolution. Note any differ- ence in the prospects of substantial settlements. What difference can you note in the wealth and prospects of the two States at the present time? QUEER QUERIES. 13 1. Were any buffaloes found in Georgia when it was first settled? Are there any now? If not, what has become of them? 133. What stratagem saved Oglethorpe's defeat in 1743? 133. What great evils made Georgia a great and wealthy colon}^? 134. Where did the slave ships get their cargoes of slaves? 135. Were there any slaves in ea^'"* of the thirteen oncrinal colonies ? ^6 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 126. What man of the colonial period do you most ad- mire, and why? 137. After whose plan was the St. Louis bridge built? 128. How are the States represented on our flag? 129. Did we have a flag during the colonial j^eriod? 130. Does the District of Columbia belong to any State? If not, how governed ? Review. i. Write a list of the thirteen colonies in the chronological order of their settlement. 2. Write a list in geographical order — use only the proper abbreviations. 3. Write a list of Indian massacres and wars with dates in chro- noloo-ical order. 4. Ditto a neat list of the rebellions and civil wars. 5. Ditto the first settlement and date for same in each colony. 6. Ditto colonies settled by adventurers. By Qual<:- ers. By the Dutch. By the Baptists. By Catholics. By Virginians. By poor from all countries. By people from Massachusetts. By the Puritans and Pilgrims. By Swedes* By people from Barbadoes. 7. Ditto the colonies in order with name of leader in each colony. 8. Ditto list of colonies with reason for name of each; thus, "Va., in honor of the Virgin Queen Elizabeth." " Mass., from Massachusetts Bay" (Blue Hills). "Conn., from Connecticut River" (Long River). "Rhode Island, from island of same name" (Roodt Eylandt). " N. H., in honor of John Mason" (Gov. of Hampshire, Eng.). " N. Y., in honor of the Duke of York." '' N. J., in honor of Geo. Carteret" (Gov. of Jersey, Eng.). " Penn., in honor of William Penn (Penn's Wood- land). "Del., from Delaware Bay" (Lord De la War, Gov. of Va.). " Md., in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria," "N. and S. Carolina in honor of King Charles" (Latin, Carolus). " Ga., in honor of King George the Second." 9. Make list (use abbreviations) of colonies with date for royal provinces, charters, etc. 10. Review meaning of Royal Province, Proprietary Government, and Voluntary Associ- COLONIAL PERIOD. 37 ation. Have this number written out at the desk and hand to your teacher for correction. Note. — Take up the colonies one by one as the class pro- gresses with the advance lessons on the Intercolonial Wars and make out a form daily with the assistance of the members of the class, thus: 2 TFrom 1607 to 1624, Commercial Corporation. ]S J « 1624 to 1675, Roy:d Province. bDi « 1675 to 1684, Proprietary Government. > [ " 1684 to 1776, Royal Province. Trom 1620 to 1692, Voluntary Association (Plymouth Colony). From 1628 to 16S6, Charter Government (Mass. Bay -g ^ Colony). From 1686 to 1776, Royal Province. (Plymouth was united to Massachusetts Bay in 1692.) Recited. — " From 1607 to 1624 Va. was governed by a commercial corporation." " From 1624 to 1675 Va. was governed by a governor appointed by the King." "From 1675 to 1684 Va. was governed by a proprietor." "From 1684 t^ 177^ ^^' ^^^ ^ royal province." The elements of population were from England, Holland, Sweden, France, Scotland, Ireland and Germany. Read your histories to determine which colonies were settled by each nation. Make out the facts, thus: New York was settled by people from Holland. Massachusetts was settled by people from England, etc. The religion of the colonists was made up from the Catho- lics, Protestants, Church of England, Congregationalists, Dutch Reformed and Quakers. Make a list of colonies with name of leading church. Whenever you are certain that you have a good compre- hensive view [of the colonies it will be time to lay aside the laljor of writing up the forms suggested. 3*3 UNITED STATES HISTORY. Do not neglect the reviews suggested in this brief outHne. A search for classified knowledge, even though you leaf \.\\z whole book, is worth more than reading the whole text con- secutively. Search for new things. Fix the old ones. Of7iit nothinsr. ^p^. INTERCOLONIAL WARS. 39 STUDY XII. Intercolonial Wars. BLACKBOARD FORM. Cause? King William's. Gain? Cause? Queen Anne's. Gain? Cause? King George's. Gain ? In 1689 From 1689 to 1697. Dover. Fort Pemaquid. Casco Bay. Salmon Falls. In 1690 — Schenectady. In 169 1 — Fort Royal. In 1697 — Ryswick. From 1703 to 1713. In 1704 — Deerfield. In 1 7 10 — Port Royal. In 1713 — Eutrecht. From 1745 to 1748. In 1745 — Louishurg. In 1748 — Aix-la-Chapelle. Directions. — i. Look through the history of the above w^ars to determine why each was so named. 2. Search the geographies or gazetteer to locate Ryswick, Eutrecht and Aix-la-Chapelle. 3. Ditto each place named in the black- board form. 4. Study the cause and gain (if any) of each war. 5. Practice writing the blackboard form, thinking of the exact location of each place as you write the name. 6. Ditto same, thinking of the result of each battle, expedition, attack, etc. 7. If you do nothing more than remember the cause and gain of each war, do it well. QUEER QUERIES. 131. Which colony took the Bible for its guide? 40 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 132. What did the Indians wear upon their feet in making the attack upon Schenectady? 133. What is the basis of Longfellow's Evangeline? 134. On whose discovery did the Englisli base their claims to American soil? 135. What is meant by the "hasty pudding" of the colon- ists ? 136. What is meant by the Blue Laws of Connecticut? 137. How was the Puritan church sexton armed during the sermon? 138. In what way was tobacco responsible for the intro- duction of slavery into the Virginia colony? 139. What was the first Bible printed in America? 140. What nation introduced Santa Claus into our Christ- mas festivals? Review. — See review in Study XL Follow all the sug- gestions given in this review. If necessary, spend a lesson or two on the review alone. Write out in full the complete answer to each question. Until you are able to do this, you are not ready to leave the Thirteen Colonies. Write the blackboard form for King William's war. Ditto for Queen Anne's and King George's. ^^^siH^t ^v/^^ue£^^p^wvw. INTERCOLONIAL WARS. 41 STUDY Kill. BLACKBOARD FORM. Cause? French and Indian War Gain ? From 1 751- to 1763. \ Gt. Meadows. ] Ft. Necessity. In 1754 I" 1755 In 1756 In 1757 In 175S In 1759 In 1763 r Nova Scotia. J Crown Point. j Niagara. 1^ Ohio River. \ Gt. Britain. I Oswego. I Ft. WiUiam Henry. Louisburg. Crown Point. Ft. Frontenac. Ticonderoga. } Niagara. ( Quebec. Treaty of Paris. Direct. oxs. — First read all the matter at hand on the caitse o[ t'm war] frame your a.iswer to this question; then treat the subject of gain in the same manner. 2. Read over the cause :\nd q^al:i of each of the preceding wars and deter- mine in what respect they diit=;r. Couch your conclusion in good hmguage and submit it to your teacher for his approval. 3. Read as separate topics in your several authors, Braddock's Defeat, the Expeditions of 1755, the Capture of Louisburg, Attack on Crown Point, Expelition against Ft. Frontenac, the Ticonderoga Affair, and t'ne Capture of Quebec. 4. Write tiie following names in this form, English Commanders. r Braddock. ! Loudon. Abei-crombie, Amherst, A2 UNITED STATES HISTORY. and recite: " Braddock was the tirst commander-in-chief, and was succeeded by Loudon, Loudon by Abercrombie, Aber- crombie by Amherst. " Do not abandon this form until you can tell the year that the succession took place and whether it affected the campaigns or not. 5. Be sure that you know who the French commander-in-chief was, and where he was killed. QUEER QUERIES. 141. What poem did Wolfe recite and comment upon while crossing the St. Lawrence to his death? 142. Who coined the first money in the colonies? 143. Who first taught freedom of religious worship in the U.S.? 144. When did the Puritan Sabbath commence? 145. What penalty did Massachusetts infiict upon Quak- ers? 146. Which lived the longer, Columbus or Queen Isa- bella? 147. What was the name of Hudson's vessel? 148. What did the Indian who killed King Philip receive for the deed? 149. Why is your native State so called? 150. What city of the U, S. containing a population of over 100,000 does not cast a single vote for President? Review. — i. Write a list of the intercolonial wars with name of treaty opposite each. 2. Give the history of the witchcraft delusion. 3. Sketch the course of French discov- eries and settlements in the Mississippi Valley. 4. Write the form for Kin^r Philip's War. 5. Ditto Queen Anne's. 6. Ditto King George's. 8. Ditto French and Indian War. 8. Give a history of Pontiac's conspiracy in your own language. 9. Write a list of all the wars, rebellions, etc., from the settlement of Jamestown to the peace of Paris, and tell where INTERCOLONIAL WARS. 43 each was enacted. lo. Explain how it was that the colo- nists were contented under the Enghsh rule, and how they cheerfully fought for her during the French and Indian War. Notes. In your spare moments consult such authorities as you may have at hand on the Jesuit Fathers, Jacques Mar- quette, Robert Cavelier de La Salle, Louis XIV., Lemoine d'Iberville, John Law, Louis Joseph Montcalm de Saint- Ve- ran (Montcalm), James Wolfe, Thomas Hooker, Thomas Shepard, President Chauncy, Cotton Mather, Governor Bradford, Governor Winthrop, Elihu Yale, Jonathan ^Ed- wards, Benjamin Franklin, John Bartram, Captain Kidd. We ought to know more of men and their good deeds than of wars and their influences (in the colonies). (i4k^ UNITED STATES HISTORY First Colonial Congress. STUDY XIV. BLACKBOARD FORM. 1660 — Navigation Act. 1764 — Su«:ar x\ct. ^7^5] Stamp Act. 1766— Stamp Act. Causes of ^7^7 — Duty on Tea. Revolution„ | 176S — Troops. 1769— Traitors. ^^_ \ New York. '77° I Boston. 1773 — Tea Party. 1774 — First Continental Congress. Directions. — i. Read your authors to determine what was meant by the Navigation Act. If you are unable to do so, please ask your teacher to explain what is meant. 2. Tell in your own language what is meant by the Sugar Act. 3. Read the text until you have a clear idea of the difference be- tween the First Colonial and the First Continental Congress. When you are sure that you understand this, fix the place of jTieetingfor each. 4. What is meant by the Boston Tea Party? Tell the story of Colonel Montague and the"Mi4iute man." 5. Read all you can get on the subject of the Boston Massacre and the troubles in New York with the Sons of Liberty. After you have thoroughty studied the causes of the Revolution as outlined by the blackboard form please re-read the text with a view to determining the real reason for the revolt of the colonies. Was " taxation without representation " the real reason as so often printed in our books? To the Teacher. — Do not ask the set questions printed INTERCOLONIAL WARS. 45 In your text, but have independence enough to stand up and be original in your teaching. Don't lose your individuality by following anybody's arbitrary plans, but use them as sug- gestive merely and work out your own plans from them. No matter if you are awkward, try to have your illustrations and questions filled with pith and point. QUEER QUERIES. 151. What was meant by the " Writs of Assistance "? 152. How many boxes of tea were thrown overboard by the " Boston Tea Party "? 153. Who wrote "The Sun of Liberty is set; the Ameri- cans must light the lamps of industry and economy "? 154. What was the color of the stamps of 1765? 155. Was the first bloodshed of the Revolution at Bostorj or New York? 156. Did the tea cost the colonies more or less than it cost in England? Why did the people not drink it? 157. What did Patrick Henry mean when he said, " Caesar had his Brutus, Charles I. his Cromwell," etc. ? 158. What did the colonists substitute for tea, and what did they call it? 159. In which one of the preceding wars did the contend- ing nations fight for two years before they declared war? 160. What was meant by the " minute men "? Review and Notes. — i. Write a list of the thirteen col- onies, and tell where the Colonial and Continental Congresses were held. 2. What was meant by a Charter Government? 3. Write the forms for the first settlement of each of the thir- teen colonies. 4. Tell all about Pontiac's war. 5. Look through your authorities and make a list of the early colleges with dates of their founding. 6. Ditto, and make a list of prominent actors from the time of Columbus to 1775. 7. Write the form for the causes of the Revolution. 8. Ditto 46 UNITED STATES HISTORY. for the French and Indian War. 9. What was the cause of the Revolution? 10. Write a paragraph about each of your teachers (in order of their succession). Note. — With the first of the month commence with some good plan of reviews, and pursue them with a definite pur- j^ose, viz., for the pur^DOse of knowing more of our country's history. Try this plan for one month; read all you can find concerning any man mentioned in the text over which you have passed. Study but one man each day for the twenty school days and then compare your knowledge of United States history with your ignorance of it twenty days pre- vious. With the commencement of the Revolution begin the studv of men and their actions. HEVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 47 STUDY XV. Revolutionary Period. blackboard form. Cause? Revolution. -< Gain? 1775 1776^ Si( «i 1777 i 177S 1779 . 1780^ 17S1 ^ 1783 1783 Lexington. Ticonderoga. Bunker Hill. Second Con. Congress. Boston. Charleston. Long Island. Trenton. l^ Independence. Princeton. Brandywine. Germantown. Ticonderoga. Bennington. Saratoga. Confederation. Stars and Stripes. Monmouth. Savannah. French Alliance. Wyoming. Cherry Valley. Kettle ) ^ , vj . y Creek. . Brier \ [^ Savannah. Charleston. Sanders's Creek. King's Mountain. 1^ Arnold's Treason. r Cowpens. 1 (Tuilford C. H. Hobkii-k's Hill. Eutaw Springs. Yorktovvn. Preliminary Treaty. Paris. aS united states history. Directions. — i. Do not attempt to read more than is out- lined for 1775 for one lesson. (The teacher should not place the whole outline for the Revolution upon the blackboard un- til it is needed. Begin with Lexington as the key-word and use only as much of it as is needed each day.) 2. Determine who were the commanders at each of the three actions in 1775. Search until you determine the result of the action. 3. Trace Major Pitcairn from Boston to Concord and return. 4. Read all your authors to determine just what Colonel Ethan Allen said when he demanded the surrender of Ticonderoga. 5. Study but one or two authors on tne battle of Bunker Hill. 6. Find out what three important things the Continental Congress did. Memorize these facts. 7. Give the history of the capture of Ticonderoga in your own language. 8. Ditto the battle of Bunker Hill. 9. Tell all about the Second Con- tinental Congress. 10. Trace the commander-in-chief from his home (where?) e?i 7'oute with Dinwiddle's letter (when?) to Cambridge, Mass. QUEER queries. 161. Who were the " Green Mountain Boys "? 162. Who was the first postmaster-general? 163. Who was "Old Put"? 164. Who laid the corner-stone of the Bunker Hill Monu- ment? 165. What kind of a shirt was " Old Put " wearing when he heard of the battle of Lexington ? What became of it ? 166. How long did it take the European nations to learn that the potato was fitted for food? 167. Why did the Speedwell not accompany the May- flower to America? 168. What became of the Charter Oak? 169. What is meant by Captain Kidd's punchbowl? 170. Who was the " Father of his Country "? REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 49 Review and Notes. — i. Treat the remaining' dates of the Revokition as that of 1775. 2. Write the form for the causes of the Revolution. 3. Write a hst of the thirteen colonies in order, giving the date of the first settlement, name of place settled and leader of settlement. 4. Write a list of all the massacres, Indian wars and rebellions from J492 to 1775. 5. Give cause of each of the four French and Indian wars. 6. Give gain of each of these wars. 7. How many and what periods have you studied? What is a period? 8. What was the cause of the Revolution? 9. Name all of the generals of the intercolonial wars. 10. Write a full-page autobiography of yourself What is an autobiography? 171. Was the Continental Congress in session when Ethan Allen demanded the surrender of Ticonderoga? 172. Who was Paul Revere? 173. What people introduced the doughnut, cruller, and New Year's cookies into the United States? 174. What was the "wooden horse " of colonial times? 175. What did the English call New Amsterdam for the year which they held it? 176. What were the salaries of the first ministers at James- town? 177 What was "a tomahawk right"? 178. Having no iron wire how did the New England set- tlers manufacture their sieves? 179. What did Thomas Fairfax say when he heard of Cornwallis's surrender? 180. What were the conditions of Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga? +f^^^fi^^^4+ CO UNITED STATES HISTORY. CONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 1. Make some attempt to know something of each prom- inent man mentioned in this period. It is of infinitely more value to knozv something of an actor as a 7nan than to be able to tell of all his actions. Actions do (sometimes) speak louder than words; but, what was the /m^^^/^-erous man and one not to be trusted with power. The letter coming to Burr's notice, he challenged Hamilton to fight a duel. 678. He was thrown from a wagon which caused his death. 679. Washington sent her to New York, from which place she went to England and joined her husband. Arnold died in 1 80 1, and his wife in 1804. 680. England furnished the Leopard and the Agamemnon, and the United States furnished the Niagara and the Susque- hanna. 68 1. Because it was reserved by Connecticut when the States along the Atlantic coast relinquished their claims. 6S2. Generals Dodge, Atkinson and Taylor had command at different times under General Scott. 683. When a State is districted for the purpose of determdn- mg the counties in a certain district it often happens that there is an excess of the required population in each district. When the total of this excess reaches the required apportionment, then the State is entitled to a congressman-at-large. 684. David R. Locke, of the Toledo Blade (18S3). 6S5. Abraham Lincoln during the war of the Rebellion. 6'^6. The acting pres'dent of the Senate. 687. The British government paid it to Sir Edward Thornton and E. M. Archibald, Ministers at Washington. These ministers in turn paid it to our government. The draft was endorsed as follows; « Pay to the joint order ofH. B. M. Minister and Charge d' Affaires at Washington. " Drexel, Morgan & Co. " Morton, Bliss & Co. "Jay, Cooke & Co. ANSWERS TO QUEER QUERIES. l6l Pay to the order of Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State. " Edward Thornton, H. B. M., Minister. " E. M. Archibald, H. B. M., Charge cP Affaires. " Pay to the order of WiUiam A. Richardson, Secretary of the Treasury. " Hamilton P^ish." ^I^'^. These inaugurations are attended with more or less civic and military display and these displays would not be appropriate on the Sabbath. 6S9. It is an association of papers for the collection and distribution of news of interest to the reading public. 690. It is a non-political and non-sectarian organizarion of ex-soldiers of the late Rebellion for the purpose of rendering assistance to needful worthy associates and to the widows and orphans of soldiers, and for the encouragement of patriotic sentiments, social intercourse, etc., among its members. 691. Yes, they must serve for a term of eight years unless sooner discharged. 692. Where the murder is committed with malice and full intent it is termed murder of the first degree. Incases where there seems to be some reasonable excuse or some extenuatino- circumstances it is classed in the second or the third degree. 693. " C. C." indicates that the coin was made at the mint of Carson City; " O," at New Orleans; and " S," at San Francisco. Philadelphia uses no lettering. 694. He was shot in the Marshall House by its proprietor, Mr. Jackson, who, in turn was shot by one of Ellsworth's soldiers named Brownell. 695. The first ten were ratified by the several legislatures, Nov. 30, 1789 and Dec. 15, 1791. The eleventh was ratified Jan. 8, 1798. The twelfth was ratified in 1804. The thir- teenth was ratified by Dec. 6, 1865. The fourteenth, by July 13, 1868. The fifteenth, by Feb. 19, 1870. 1 62 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 696. No, but the States of New York and New Jersey indicted him for murder. 697. It is a sub-department; i.e.^ a branch of a department for a special purpose. 698. A battery consists of six guns and one hundred men. 699. Sept. 24, 1869. 700. It was a grand display of "shooting stars" on the morning of Nov. 13, 1833. We quote from Prof. Olmsted as follows; "The first appearance was that of fireworks of the most imposing grandeur, covering the entire vault of heaven with myriads of fireballs resembling sky-rockets. Their corruscations were bright, gleaming, and incessant, and they fell thick as the flakes of the early snows of Dece^nber. To the splendors of this celestial exhibition the most splendid sky-rockets and fireworks of art bear less relation than the twinkling of the most tiny star to the broad glare of the sun." 701. Feb. 30, 1863, by act of Congress. 702. In a minority i^epresentation where there are three candidates to be elected a man may cast one vote for each of three persons, three for one candidate, or one and one-half for each of any two. Do you know of a case in which the above is exemplified? 703. The name originated from the story of a Dutch farmer who burned his barn to clear it of rats. The Barnburners were an offshoot of the Democratic party, and opposed to the extension of slavery. 704. A lodge of Free Masons, in 1733, organized at Boston by Lord Montague. 705. They called it " killikinick." 706. He took an early train, and simply wore a Scotch cloak. 707. Yes; he visited the region of the Orinoco in 1595. 70S. New York. It nas five. 709. Illinois pays more than any other State. ANSWERS TO QUEER QUERIES. 163 710. When Washington took the reins of government he had three cabinet officers, viz., the secretary of foreign affairs, secretary of the treasury, and the attorney general. The de- partment of war and the navy were created in August, 17S9. In April, 1798, it was divided into two departments. The head of the postoffice department became a member of the cabinet in 1S39. The department of the interior was repre- sented in the cabinet in 1849. 711. John Ericsson designed the iron-clad monitor. 712. The government of a Territory is established by con- gress. The president nominates and the senate confirms the governor, secretary and judges of the courts. Congress passes all general laws for the government of the inhabitants. 713. Yes. This body is elected b}' the inhabitants of the Territory, and takes charge of its local interests. 714. Delegates are elected to a constitutional convention. A constitution is prepared and submitted to a popular vote of the people of the Territory. If the vote is favorable, then the State is ready for admission, which is left to congress. 715. The official register of the names of the officers of the government is called the " Blue Book." It is published every two years, by authority of an act of congress passed in 1S16. 716. The flag of the United States. 717. Mrs. Ross, of No. 239 Arch street, Philadelphia. 718. The Hon. Geo. Ross, a relative of hers, suggested that he go with the committee having this matter under con- sideration to her house and ask her to do the sewing upon it. He was permitted to do so, and thus she has the honor of making the first flag. 719. It indicates the authority of the government, and is used only by the secretary of state. 720. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jef- ferson were appointed as a committee to report a device for a seal in 1776. They reported Aug. 10, 1776, but for some 164 UNITED STATES HISTORY. reason congress never acted upon this report. Another com- mittee was appointed in 1779? and reported May 10, 1780. The report was not accepted and the committee ordered to make another trial. This committee was released the next year. A third committee was appointed in 1782, but did not succeed in agreeing upon a device. The matter was referred to Charles Thompson, Secretary of Congress, but his device failed to receive the sanction of congress. Finally, Sir John Prestwitch, of England, handed John Adams an appropriate device, which was forwarded to Thompson. He presented this design to-congress, and it was adopted in June, 1782. 721. Thirteen perpendicular pieces, white and red; a blue field; the escutcheon displayed on the breast of the American eagle, holding in his right talon an olive branch, and in his left a bundle of thirteen arrows; in his beak a scroll con- taining the motto, " E Pluribus Unumf over the head of the eagle, a golden glory breaking through a cloud, and con- taining thirteen stars, forming a constellation. Draw as much of this as you can f)"om the above description. 722. We have but one. This is located at West Point. 723. He was wounded by an arrow shot by a native, near Morocco, in Africa. 724. This noted bell was first cast in England for the old State House in Philadelphia, in 1751. In 1752 it was badly cracked by a heavy stroke of the clapper, and on this account it was re-cast in 175s. 725. It was carried to Bethlehem in 1777, to keep it from falling into the hands of the British. It was not restored to its old place until July 8, 1835. It was broken while tt)]ling the funeral of Chief Justice Marshall. 726. Prof. J. L. Campbell, of Wabash College, Indiana, first wrote a letter to Hon. Morton McMichael, Mayor of Philadelphia, suggesting that the 4th of July, 1876, would be an appropriate time, and the City of Brotherly Love a fit ANSWERS TO QUEER QUERIES. 165 place, to have the world's jubilee. In No\ember, iS68, he wrote a second letter to Mayor McMIchael, urging the same proposition. 737. John L. Shoemaker introduced a resolution before the council on Jan. 20, 1S69. The State legislature en- dorsed the resolution. D. J. Morrell presented a bill to congress, asking for aid in the project, and it was passed the 3d of March, 1871, and thus the initiatory steps were taken for holding "the grandest World's Fair on record." 738. Yes, but the fossil remains of the horse found on this continent as far back as the Eocene strata. These fossils are frequently found and classified in order of age as follows: HORSE QUATERNARY. Pilohippus 3pUS )p|. iippus \ -D , 1 . r a. iiocene Frotohippus \ Miohippus I ,^. -x/r ^^ y Miocene. Mesohippus ( Orohippus j -r^ -r, , . ^^ y iiocene. -tL-oiiippus j Note. — See dictionary for the meaning of above terms. 729. It is now known that the horse had been long since extinct when America was discovered. 730. John Quincy Adams, who served so long, was never tardy at roll-call, but was always found in his seat at that time. On a certain occasion as the clock struck the hour for commencement of the session, a member asked the speaker if he should not call the house to order, bwt he replied, " No, sir, Mr. Adams is not in his seat yet." Just then he appeared and it was shown that the clock was three minutes too fist. 731. Henry Clay; by his Missouri Compromise, Tariff Bill and Omnibus Bill. 732. John Quincy Adams. 733. On April 13, 1638, at Quinipiae, Connecticut. New Haven was soon afterward founded at this place. l66 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 734. This little State was formerly composed of two set- tlements, viz., Rhode Island, and Providence Plantations. These were united in 1643 by a patent obtained through the influence of Roger Williams, and thus remained until 1663, when they received a charter from Charles II., incorporating the two colonies as " Rhode Island and Providence Planta- tions." This charter was the constitution, until 1842. During colonial times, the legislature met alternately at Newport and Providence, and when the new constitutions were adopted, these capitals were retained. 735. Missouri contains Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob, two immense piles of rich iron ore. 736. Biography treats of persons, and hi-story of nations. 737. The Americans had burned some Canadian villages on the frontier, and this was done in retaliation. 73S. Spies were hanged during the Revolution, as this was considered an ignominious death. Soldiers were shot. 739. A little over tlwee hours. Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the oath of office to Andrew Johnson, at eleven o'clock April 15, 1S65. 740. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, Sixteenth president of the United States. Born, February 13, 1809. Died, April 15, 1865. 741. William Hunter was appointed at a cabinet meeting called by President Johnson immediately after he took the oath. 742. PALL BEARERS. PALL BEARERS. Of the Senate. Of the House. Foster, Conn. Dawes, Mass. Morgan, N. Y. Coffroth, Penn. Johnson, Md. Smith, Kj. Yates, 111. Colfax, Ind. Wade O. Worthington, Nev. Conness, Cal. Washburn, 111. ANSWERS TO QUEER QUERIES. 1 67 Army. Navy. U. S. Grant. D. G. Farragut. H. W. Halleck. W. B. Shubrick. W. A. Nichols. Jacob Zeilen. Civilians. O. H, Browning. Thomas Corwin. Geo. Ashmun. Simon Cameron. 743. Harrison and Taylor had lain in state in the same room to which Lincoln was carried after his death. 744. Tickets were issued to six hundred persons, and only they were admitted. The form of the ticket was as follows: SOUTH. Admit the bearer to the EXECUTIVE MANSION, Ok Wednesday, the igth of April, 1S65. 745. Bishop Matthew Simpson of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. 746. The penalty of the bond was $100,000. Among those who signed it were Horace Greeley, Cornelius Vander- bilt, John Minor Botts and Gerrit Smith. 747. Yes. Through the generosity of W. W. Corcoran, of Washington City, the author of "Home Sweet Home" will have a neat monument erected to his memory. The monument is to be of Carrara marble, resting on a base of gray granite, and surmounted by a bust one and one half the size of the average. The entire height will be twelve feet, and the base six feet square. The plinth and capital will be carved, but there will be no display. The style is old Roman, and a good specimen of classical art. (Draw your ideal of this monument.) 748. Any graveyard may be so called, but the term is usually applied to large enclosures for this purpose. 749. Six snow-white horses drew the hearse in which rested the remains of President Lincoln. l68 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 750. Dr. Charles R. Brown. 751. Thaddeus Stevens was observed standing alone on a large rock as the funeral car approached Lancaster. It is worthy of note that James Buchanan was noticed in his car- riage at the depot of this place. 753. Into the old Independence Hall. His body was placed on a platform with his feet to the north and his head very near the pedestal which supports the old Liberty Bell. 753. Sixteen; each horse led by a groom. 754. One side showed " Abraham Lincoln, our Emancipa- tor;" on the other, " To millions of bondsmen, he liberty gave." 755. William Cullen Bryant, the poet, wrote this poem. Dr. Osgood read it at the funeral services in New York City, April 25, 1S65. The ode is as follows: " Oh, slow to smite and swift to spare, Gentle, and merciful, and just, Who, in the fear of God, did'st bear The sword of power, a nation's trust. *' In sorrow by thy bier we stand, Amid the awe that hushes all. And speak the anguish of a land That shook with horror at thy fall. " Thy task is done ; the bound are free ; We bear thee to an honored grave Whose noblest monument shall be The broken fetters of the slave. " Pure \vas thy life ; its bloody close Hath placed thee, Avith the sons of light, Among the noble host of those Who perished in the cause of right." 756. A leaf from the Common Prayer Book, and a piece of paper on which were glued some fringes. These were ANSWERS TO QUEER QUERIES. 169 found under the head of a skeleton found in one of Sir John Franklin's lost boats. This paper contained the legible words " The Martyr," probably written by the man whose bones covered it. General Dix placed them in the cofhn as he re- ceived them from Captain Parker Snow, commander of the expedition which discovered them. 757. Messrs. Lynch and Arnot, of St. Louis, tendered its use to Mayor Dennis, through Mayor Thomas, of St. Louis. It was built in Philadelphia at a cost of six thousand dollars, and had been used at Thomas Benton's funeral. It was drawn by six black horses, draped in mourning and wearing plumes on their crests, driven by Mr. Arnot without the aid of grooms. 75S. The Hon. David Davis, Col. Ward H. Lamon and Major- General David Hunter. 759. " Old Bob," or " Robin," Lincoln's saddle horse used in his law practice, now aged sixteen years. He was led by two colored grooms. ' 760. Sixteen hundred and sixty-two miles. 761. Vermont. It was selected from thirty-seven designs furnished by thirty-one artists. Larkin G. Mead, Jr., of Brat- tleboro, furnished the one selected. Mr. Mead furnished the statuary at the following cost. A Statue of Lincoln. , , , $13,700 An Infantry Group 13,700 A Cavalry " 13,700 An Artillery " i3,7co A Marine " 13,700 A Coat of Arm of the U. S 1,500 A total cost of $70,000 "162. The cabalistic O. K. was first used by Old Keokuk, an influential chief of the Sacs and Foxes, when he signed the deed to Iowa. Instead of the signature Old Keokuk, he sim- lyo UNITED STATES HISTORY. ply wrote O. K. Thus we find this signature originated "Oil Korrect." 763. The stone was taken from a wall built at Rome by Servius Tullius 530 years before Christ. The inscription is as follows : "To Abraham Lincoln, president for the second time of the American Republic, citizens of Rome present this stone, from the wall of Servius Tullius, by which the memory of each of those brave asserters of liberty may be associated. Aftno 1S65." 764. It was discovered in the rubbish of the basement room of the White House about a year after the assassiuc-'tion of Lincoln. The stone was boxed and shipped to Springfield, Sept. 15, 1870, and was placed in Memorial Hall of the mon- ument, August, 1 87 1. 765. If you cannot, please get some one to do so for you, and memorize the list. 766. The suspension bridge at East River, connecting New York and Brooklyn, is the grandest structure of its kind in the world. It is 5,989 feet in length and cost $15,000,000. 767. Practically so in 1836. The out-standing debt at this time was $328,582, but was not paid off from the fact that the claims were not presented, there being money in the treas- ury. 768. Compulsory laws exist in the States of Connecticut, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio, Vermonr, Wisconsin, Texas and California. The laws are not enforced in many of the States, Massachu- setts and Connecticut being the only two enforcing these laws to any extent. 769. $150,000. It is 221 feet in height; 31 feet square at the base and 15 ft. square at the top. The shaft encloses a spiral stair-case of 294 steps. 770. This famous eagle died in the State House park at ANSWERS TO QUEER QUERIES. 171 Madison, Wis., in 1881. This bird was the property of the Eighth Wisconsin V^olunteers and was carried through the hist three years of the Civil War. The bird became a national pet and was welcomed with delight wherever he was taken. The sale of colored lithographs of « Old Abe," at Chicago, in 1S65, brought $16,308.93. 771. Washington, Jackson, Johnson and Garfield. 773. Her maiden name was Martha Dandridge, born at Kent, Virginia, May 17, 1732. She was mairied at the age of seventeen to Colonel John P. Custis, who died a few years later, leaving Mrs. Custis with two children. Washington married her Jan. 6, 1759. She died May 23, 1802. 773. The Hon. Norman B. Judd, of Chicago. 774. He was the son of Christian K. Ross, of German- town, Pennsylvania. He in company with his brother, Wal- ter, was playing in the street when two men persuaded them to get into a buggy; after driving over the town for some time they gave Walter twenty-five cents to purchase some ' candy and toy torpedoes; when he returned they had driven away with Charlie. After some days Mr. Ross was notified by letter that he could have his boy for $20,000 as ransom money. Mr. Ross refused, to pay the money unless the boy was delivered when the money was paid. An arrangement was made to meet the kidnappers at a Fifth Avenue hotel in New York, but they did not appear. Three years after this two burglars were shot at the residence of Judge Van Brunt, Bay Ridge, Long Island. One was killed outright but the other lived long etiough to say that his accomplice was the only person who knew of the location of Charlie Ross. Char- lie Ross is still the "Lost Child of America." 775. The importation of slaves was abolished in 1808, but many were smuggled into the slave States from time to time. The last were landed just previous to the breaking out of the Rebellion. 172 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 776. Because he was absent from Philadelphia when the report of the committee was made. 777. He was a writer of popular juvenile works, especially historical sketches; was born at Ridgefield, Conn., in 1793, died in 1S62, His name was Samuel Griswold Goodrich. 778. Thaddeus Stevens, of Pennsylvania, was so called on account of his opposition to slavery and secession. He was in the House of Representatives during the thirty-first, thirty- second and thirty-sixth, to the fortieth congresses. 779. President Hayes took the oath prescribed by the con- stitution at 7:30 p. M., on Sunday, March 4, 1877, in the private reception room of Mrs. Grant. This room is known as the "red parlor;" the oath was administered by Morrison R. Waite, in the presence of Gen. Grant and Hamilton Fish. Hayes signed the engrossed oath; the chief justice attached his certificate, and handed it to the secretary of state. 780. It is a low, flat island of the North Sea, and is among the possessions of Holland. 781. Elihu B. Washburn of Illinois was appointed March 5, 1869, but resigned March 11, six days after his appoint- ment. Hamilton Fish was appointed to take his place, and served the balance of Grant's presidency. 782. The custom was introduced from Europe, during our early colonial times, and has been retained from time imme- morial. Friday has been considered an unlucky day. The ancestors of nearly all Europe so considered it. After the introduction of Christianity, this day becam.e more obnoxious to the inhabitants, as it wa^ taught that Christ expired on Friday. In early English jurisprudence, it became custom- ary to execute criminals on this day, and hence its introduc- tion into the colonies. 783. Rose Hartwick Thorpe. 784. Henry VV. Shaw, born at Lanesborough, Mass., in 1818. He is a humorous writer. ANSWERS TO QUEER QUERIES. 173 785. Dr. Franklin, 1 745. 7S6. James Piper, in 18 18, climbed from the bottom to the top of the natural bridge. It is said that Washmgton had climbed the highest previous to this time. 787. In the State of Louisiana. 7S8. Henry W. Longfellow's wife was burned, and died from its effects; the accident occurred by her clothing catch- ing fire, while dressing for a party in 1861. 789. Upon a buffalo robe in his tent. 790. Chester A. Arthur took the oath of of^ce in New York City, the 30th of September, 1881, and again at Wash- ington on the 23d. 791. Andrew Jackson. 793. Rutherford B. Hayes. 793. George Washington. 794. The Southern soldiers were denominated Johnnies by the Union soldiers. 795. James A. Garfield. 796. " Bring me, I beg you, the epaulets and sword knots which Washington gave me. Let me die in my old Ameri- can uniform, the uniform in which t fought my battles. God forgive me for ever putting on any other." 797. Monroe, Adams, Jackson, Van Buren, Pierce, Bu- chanan, Johnson (after his term as president) and Garfield. . 798. Washington, Jackson, Harrison, Taylor, Pierce, Grant, Hayes, Garfield and Arthur. 799. Abraham Lincoln. 800. Six of them held to the Episcopal faith, viz.: Wash- ington, Madison, Tyler, Taylor, Monroe and Arthur. Six were Presbyterians, viz.: Jackson, Harrisoti, Polk, Pierce, Buchanan and Johnson. Two were Methodists, viz.: Grant and Hayes. Three were Unitarians, viz.: John and J. Q. Adams and Fillmore. One belonged to the Dutch Reformed Church, viz.: Martin Van Buren. One to the Church of 174 UNITED STATES HISTORY. the Disciples or Christians, viz.: Garfield. Two were not attached to any church, viz.; Jefferson and Lincoln. 8oi. Jackson, Fillmore, Buchanan, Lincoln, Johnson and Garfield. 802. The one-cent stamp contains the head of Benjamin Franklin. The two-cent stamp contains the head of Andrew Jackson. The three-cent stamp, the head of Washington. The five-cent (blue) stamp, the head of Zachary Taylor. The six-cent stamp (red), the head of Lincoln. The seven- cent (vermilion) stamp, the head of Stanton. The ten- cent (chocolate) stamp, the head of Jefferson. The twelve- cent (purple) stamp, the head of Henry Clay. The fifteen- cent (orange) stamp, the head of Daniel Webster. The twenty-four (purple) cent stamp, the head of General Scott. The thirty-cent (black) stamp, the head of Alexander Ham- ilton. The ninety-cent stamp, a portrait of Oliver Hazard Perry. The seven, twelve and twenty-four-cent stamps arc now retired. The new five-cent stamp contains Garfield's portrait. 803. At Fort Warren, by the Glee Club of the second bat- talion of light infantry in 1862. 804. In 1847. 805. La Salle taught a denominational school at Rouen, France. 806. The waives of Polk, Tyler, and Garfield. 807. It is a flag designed for the mainmast of every vessel used by the president in his travels. It is eleven feet wide and fourteen feet long. In the center is our coat of arms, the eagle holding in its mouth the pennant inscribed, " E Pliiri- bus Unu7nr Thirteen white stars are arranged in a semi-cir- cle above the coat of arms. 808. His greatest weight w^as two hundred and nine pounds. 809. Andrew Johnson lies at Greenfield, Tenn., wrapped ANSWERS TO QUEER QUERIES. 1 73 in the folds of the Union flag. The coffin contains a copy of the constitution. 810. Wordsworth at New York in 1817. 811. They called the river Qua-neh-ta-cut. This in their language meant " long river." , 812. The inscriptions are as follows; North. Erected In pursuance of A Resolution of Congress, approved Oct. 27, I 781, and one approved June 7, 1880, To Commemorate the Victory by which The Independence of the United States of America was achieved. South. At Yorktown, on Oct. 19, 1781, After a siege of nineteen days, By 5,500 Americans; 7,000 French Infantry of the Line, 3,500 Militia, under command of Gov. Thomas Nelson, and 36 French Ships of the Line, Earl Cornwallis, Commander of the British forces at Yorktown and Gloucester, Surrendered the Army, 7,251 officers and men, 840 seamen, 244 cannon, and 24 standards, To his Excellency George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the combined forces of America and France ; To his Excellency the Count de Rochambeau, Commanding the Auxiliary troops of his Christian Majesty in America, And to his Excellency the Comte de Grasse, Commanding-in-Chief the Naval Army of France in Chespeake. iy6 UNITED STATES HISTORY. West. The Treaty, Concluded Feb. 6, 1778, Between the United States of America And Louis XVI., King of France, Declares The essential and direct end Of the present Defensive Alliance, Is to maintain effectively The Liberty, Sovereignty and Independence, Absolute and Unlimited, Of the sa-d United States, As well in matters of Government as of Commerce. East. The Provisional Articles of Peace, Concluded Nov. 30, 1782, And the Definite Treaty of Peace, Concluded Sept. 3, 17S3, Between the United States of America And George III., King of Great Britain and Ireland, Declares : His Britannic Majesty Acknowledges the said United States, Viz.: New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, To be Free and Sovereign and Independent States. 813. He said "I did it. I am a stalwart, and Arthur is now president." 814. It is a colony or community of persons formed by John H. Noyes in 1837, at Putney, Vt. The community removed to Oneida Creek, Lenox Township, Madison County, N. Y., in 1847. There are four cardinal principles in the belief of the members of this society, viz. : Reconciliation to ANSWERS TO QUEER QUERIES. 177 God, salvation from sin, equality of man and woman, the union of labor and its products. The members of this com- munity have been accused of teaching the doctrine of "free love," but such is not the case. 815. It is customary for a president to kiss the Holy Bible when inaugurated. The verse and chapter are usually re- corded by some one present. Garfield kissed the first six verses of the twenty-first chapter of the book of Proverbs. 816. Name as many persons as you may think of, then call upon your parents and others for persons not named. Whom have you listed? 817. Mrs. Benjamin Pitman, of Cincinnati, was cremated at Washington by Dr. Le Moyne, Feb. 15, 1S78. 818. No. The articles of capitulation permitted Lee and his officers of certain rank to retain their side arms. 819. The 4th of March fell on Sunday and he took the oath on (he 3d, and 5th. 830. General William Henry Harrison. 821. He had engaged as a mule driver on the canal, but in a few days after his employment he undertook to steer the boat, but the rudder struck a snag and the tiller striking him with full force landed him in deep water; his companions pulled him out, but his scare, hurt, and his getting wet threw him into a fever. On recovering from his sickness he had lost all desire to either drive the mule or hold the tiller. 823. Wm. Henry Harrison. 823. James A. Garfield served in this capacity in Hiram 2fe. Colle^ 824. General Garfield, at Paintville, Ky. He was colonel at that time. 835. Washington and Jeffbrson made many a joke; Van Buren had trouble plenty to find ; poor bank-notes let Johnson go home, greatly astonished. ( The initial letter of each word m order is the initial of each name in order.) 178 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 826. Seven. John Jay, 1789 to 1795; John Rutledge, 179510 1795; OHver Ellsworth, 179610 1801; John Marshall, 1801 to 1835; Roger B. Taney, 1836 to 1864; Salmon P. Chase, 1864 to 1873; Morrison R. Waite, 1874 to . In 1790 the supreme court consisted of a chief justice and five associates. In 1807, six associates. I^^ ^^37? tiight associates. In 1863, nine associates. The number of justices is frequently reduced by death or resignation but is soon filled, 827. A general in active service receives $13,500 per annum for the first five years ; after five years' service ten per cent, is added; after ten years, twenty per cent; after fifteen years, thirty per cent; after twenty years, forty per cent. A lieutenant-general receives $11,000 per annum with the same additions as for general. A major-general receives $7,500 with the same additions as for general, and on retiring $5,625 for the first five years only. A brigadier- general receives $5,500 with same additions as for general, and $4,125 on retiring for first five years only. 828. Any commissioned officer who has served thirty years as such may be retired on his own application at the discretion of the president. After forty years' service he many be placed on the retired list, unconditionally. After forty-five years' actual service, or sixty-two years of age is reached, an officer may be retired at the discretion of the president. The number of retired officers cannot exceed four hundred. The pay is fixed at seventy -five per cent, of the pa/ allotted to same officer in active service. 829. Yes. He receives pay at the rate of eight cents per .mile. 830. Thirteen dollars per month and rations. 831. Yes. His pay increases to twenty-one dollars per month after twenty years' service. ANSWERS TO QUEER QUERi:.S. 79 832. Major-General George Washington, 1775 to 1783; Major-General Henry Knox, 1783 to 1784; Lieutenant-Colo- nel Josiah Harmer, 1788 to 1791; Major-General Arthur St. Clair, 1 79 1 to 1793; Major-General Anthony Wayne, 1793 to 1796; Major-General James Wilkinson, 1796 to 179S; Lieiitenant-General George Washington, 179S to 1799; Major- General James Wilkinson, 1800 to 1S12; Major-General Henry Dearborn, iSi2to 1815; Major-General Jacob Brown, 1815 to 182S; Major-General Alexander Macomb, 1828 to 1841; Major-General Winfield Scott, 1841 to 1861; Major- General Geo. B. McClellan, 1861 to 1862; Major-General Henry W. Hallock, 1862 to 1864; Lieutenant-General U. S. Grant, 1864 to i866; General U. S. Grant, 1866 to 1869; General W. T. Sherman, 1869 to 833. W. T. Sherman (1883). 834. Senator Pendleton of Ohio. 835. Garfield's mother. 836. After reading it. 837. There are nine. Brooklyn Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y; Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, Mass; Gosport Navy Yard, Norfolk, Va.; Kittery Navy Yard, Portsmoudi, N. H.; League Island Navy Yard, Philadelphia, Pa.; Mare Island Navy Yard, San Francisco, CaL; New London Navy Yard (unfinished), New London, Ct.; Pensacola Navy Yard, Pensacola, Fla.; Washington City Navy Yard, Washington,' 838. At Annapolis, Md. S39. We can have but one general. Who is he? 840. But one under the present law. 841. We are limited by law to three. At present they are Winfield S. Hancock, John M. Scofield and Irvin McDowell. 842. Limited by law to six. 843. The vote cast by the people. 844. Double the number of the congress, add the product l8o UNITED STATES HISTORY. to 1789, the result will be the year in which congress closed. 845. Subtract 1789 from the given year; if the remainder is an even number, one half of it will be the congress; if an odd number add one to the remainder and divide by two. 846. I. Made cotton raising profitable. 2. Increased the amount of cotton raised. 3. Made a demand for good strong laborers. 4. Made slavery a permanent institution. 5. Increased hatred between North and South. 6. Made the South rich. 7. Crowned cotton king of products. 847. U. S. Grant but forty-seven when inaugurated. The average age of presidents when inaugurated is fifty-seven years. WRITTEN AND ORAL REVIEWS. . l8l WRITTEN AND ORAL REVIEWS. No teacher can successfully teach history without constant reviews. The author advises one or two of these questions reviewed daily. The pupil should write upon a given number at such times as the teacher may select. This written work may be considered as an examination iuid due record of it entered in the book kept for this purpose. The questions are framed just as they should be used, but may he altered by the teacher to suit the grade of the pupil or to comply with the author used. Such directions are given as are thought needful from time to time. 1. How many and what periods (epochs) in United States History? 2. Write the names of the periods and the date of begin- ning and ending of each. Thus; Period of Disco ver}' 1492 to 1607. " " etc. 3. Trace Columbus from Genoa to Madrid on his first re- turn. (Use the form given in the text.) 4. Write a brief account of Columbus's last three voyages. 5. Write the form for the three great discoveries from memory. 6. Name the Spanish discoveries, and tell what important thing each one did. 7. Tell all you can about De Soto. S. Make a list of places discovered, and tell why each was so called. 9. Write a short sketch of Columbus. 10. Write the form for the claims. 11. Tell what you can about the Mound-builders. iSz UNITED STATES HISTORY. 13. Tell what you can about the early Icelandic and Noise expeditions. 13. Tell of the misfortunes of Columbus. Of the trans- portation of his remains and their burial. 14. Why was America so called. What nations made dis- coveries in America? 15. Tell all you can about Sir Walter Raleigh. 16. Write the form for the Spanish discoveries. 17. Write the form for the English discoveries. 18. Write the form for the Dutch and French discoveries. 19. Write the form for the discoveries of nations. 20. Tell all about Magellan. 21. What part of the United States did the several nations claim? Explain for each. 23. Describe an Indian. 23. Tell why each nation claimed a certain part rather than the whole of the country. 24. By what right does a nation lay claim to the territory of a country? 25. Tell the story of De i^eon and the Fountain of Youth. 26. Who was the first circumnavigator of the globe? The second? Where did each make the voyage? 27. What territory was granted to the London Company? To the Plymouth? 28. What and where was Acadia? New Albion? New Netherlands? New France? 29. The conflicting claims in America would probably lead to what? 30. Write the outlines (blackboard form) for the study of each of the thirteen colonies. 31. In turn write the short form for eacn colony, 32. Write a sketch of Balboa. 33. Tell all about Pocahontas. 34. Write all you can concerning Nathaniel Bacon. WRITTEN AND ORAL REVIEWS. 183 35. Tell of the Pilgrims. The Puritans. 36. Write of the two Indian massacres in Virginia. 37. Write the history of Bacon's Rebellion. Also of King Philip's War. 38. Tell of Verrazani and Cartier. 39. Write about the starving time. 40. Trace the Pilgrims in their wanderings to America. 41. Write the outline for New Hampshire. 42. Tell about Roger Williams. 43. Tell of the Salem Witchcraft. 44- Who was Anne Hutchinson? Thos. Hooker? Miles Standish? John Endicott? John Carver? 45. Tell all about the Pequod War. 46. Tell of the tyranny of Edmund Andros. 47. Tell the story of the Charter Oak. 48. What was the House of Burgesses? 49. When and where was the firs'; permanent English set- tlement made? The first Spanish? By the Dutch? 50. When did Virginia become a Royal Province? Mas- sachusetts? New Hampshire? New York? 51. Tell of the Dulch settlements in New York. 52. Tell of the early settlement of New Jersey. Also of Connecticut. 53. Who were the Quakers? The Baptists? 54. How was the settlement of Pennsylvania different from the other colonies? 5=^. Give a good sketch of the Balti mores. 56. Tell of Oglethorpe. 57. Make neat list of the thirteen colonies, and opposite each put name of place first settled in each. In a third column put date of each settlement. In a fourth column put name of leader opposite each colony. In a fifth column put date for the time each became n Royal Province. (Which never became a Royal Province?) 184 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 58. Name all the wars of the colonies. 59. What religious denominations were found in the colo- nies? Make a neat list of them. 59. Name the intercolonial wars, and the treaty of each. 60. Give cause and gain of each war. 61. Give date of beginning and ending of each war. 62. Which was the most important of these four wars? Why? 63. Abbreviate the names of the thirteen colonies, and give nickname of each. 64. What is a Commercial Corporation? Royal Province? Proprietary Government? Voluntary Association? 65. Which colonies became Royal Provinces? 66. Give full account of Braddock's defeat. 67. Tell of the capture of Loulsburg. 68. Give sketch of General Wolfe. 69. Write the great leading cause of the Revolution. Also form for the same. 70. Tell the story of the Boston Tea Party. 71. Write a good sketch of Ethan Allen. 72. Tell all about " Old Put." 73. What w^as the first and the last battle of the Revolution ? 74. Tell what Burgoyne and Clinton tried to do in 1777. 75. Tell all about the surrender at Saratoga. 76. Give full account of the battle of Long Island. 77. Who was the great American traitor? Tell of his treason. 78. What did we gain by the Revolution? 79. Tell of the Wyoming and Cherry Valley massacres. 80. Write outline for 1775. 81. Write of the siege of Boston. Charleston. 82. What were the provisions of the treaty of Paris? 83. Tell of the Articles of Confederation. 84. Tell of the Stars and Stripes. WRITTEN AND ORAL REVIEWS. lb'5 85. Write a sketch of Washington as a general. 86. Write a sketch of Gates and Greene. 87. Tell of the French Alliance and La Fayette. 88. Write a sketch of the battle of Bunker Hill. 89. Tell all about the Declaration of Independence. 90. Write an account of the battle of Brandy wine; Ger- mantown; Monmouth; Princeton and Eutaw Springs. 91. Write the outline for Washington's Administration. 92. Tell of the financial troubles during the Revolutionary time. 93. Tell of the whisky insurrection. 94. Who composed Washington's Cabmet? Who com- pose the cabinet now? 95. Make outline for the branches of our government. 96. Tell of Citizen Genet and our government. 97. Tell all about Eli Whitney and the cotton gin. 98. What is meant by the Alien and Sedition laws. 99. What States were admitted while Washington was president? Give dates. 100. Write outline for John Adams's Administration. 1 01. Tell of Washington's death. I03. What is meant by the Reprisal act? 103. Write outline for Jefferson's xVdministration. 104. Give a sketch of Tripolitan War. 105. Tell all about the Burr-Hamilton duel. 106. What is meant by the Embargo act? 107. What States are included in the Northwest Terri- tory ? 108. Write outline for Madison's Administration. 109. What is meant by the Non-Intercourse act? 11(3. Tell of the battle of Tippecanoe. 111. What is meant by the affair of the Little Belt? 112. Describe the action at Frenchtown. 113. Tell all about Perry's victory. l86 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 114. How many armies were organized in 1813? Give their location. 115. Describe the battle of Lundy's Lane. 116. Tell of the battle of New Orleans. 117. Give sketch of Jefferson. 118. Write outline for Monroe's Administration. 119. Make list of States admitted from 1789 to 1835. 120. What is meant by the Monroe Doctrine? 13 1. Tell all about La Fayette's visit. 133. Give the call^5e of the war of 181 3. 123. Write form for Adams's Administration. 134. Give sketch of the early railroads. 135. What is meant by a protective tariff? 136. Give full account of the siege of Savannah. (Revolu- tion.) 137. Trace Washington through the war of the Revolution. 138. Tell of our war with Algiers. 139. Write outline for Jackson's administration. 130. Tell of Jackson's veto. 131. Write a history of Black Hawk's War. 133. What is meant by S. C. Nullification? 133. Write list of presidents to this date (1S37) and give dates of inauguration for each. 134. Write outline for Van Buren's Administration. 135. What is meant by the "Panic of '37"? 136. Give history of the Patriot War. 137. What was the nature of the sub-treasury bill? 138. Write outline for Harrison's Administration. 139. Tell all about Dorr's rebellion. 140. Tell of Howe and his sewing-machine. 141. Give history of the telegraph. 143. Tell of the Mormon troubles. 143. Make list of States admitted from 1789 to 1845 with dates. WRITTEN AND ORAL REVIEWS. 1 87 144. Write outline for Polk's Administration. 145. What caused the Mexican War? What was gained by it ? 146. Tell all you can about the Smithsonian Institute. 147. Describe the battle of Monterey. 148. What did we pay in our compromise for Texas? Florida? Louisiana? Gadsden Purchase? 149. Trace Taylor through his campaign. (See model.) 150. Write outine for Taylor's Administration. 151. Tell all about the discovery of gold in California. 152. Write a sketch of Clay and Webster. 153. Write outline of Pierce's Administration. 154. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Bill. Also the Kan- sas struggle. 155. Write outline of Buchanan's Administration. 156. Write the history of the Dred Scott decision. 157. Give the history of the Atlantic Cable. 158. Write a brief account of John Brown's raid. 159. Make out list of States admitted from 1789 to 1861. 160. Write outline for causes of the Civil War. 161. Outline events for 1S61. Also for 1863. 162. Tell about the Emancipation Proclamation. 163. Write a sketch of the battle of Gettysburg. 1 64. Write a sketch of the siege of Vicksburg. 1^5. Write about Lee's surrender. 166. Wiite the account of Lincoln's assassination. 167. Write outline for Johnson's Administration. 168. What is the import of the Fourteenth Amendment? The Fifteenth? 169. What is the nature of the tenure of office bill? 170. Give an account of the impeachment trial 171. Write outline for Grant's Administration. 173. What is meant by Black Friday? Alabama Claims? Geneva Arbitration? Credit Mobilier? Salary Grab? Patrons l8S UNITED STATES HISTORY. of Husbandry? Resiniiptioii Act? Electoral Commission? 172. Write a note about the Chicago fire. Also of the Boston fire. 173. Write a sketch of the Centennial. 174. Write a sketch of Charles Sumner. 175. Write a sketch of Custer's defeat. 176. Write outline for Hayes's Administration. 177. Write a sketch of W. C. Bryant. 178. Write a sketch of the Negro Exodus. 179. Write a sketch of the yellow fever and its ravages. 180. Write outline for Garfield's Administration. 181. What is meant by the Star Route trial? 182. Give a sketch of Yorktown Celebration. I S3. Write complete list of the presidents, giving name in full. 184. Write a list of the w^ars from 1789 to the present. 1 85. What wars were closed with a treaty? 186. When did we become a nation? 187. What forms of government have we had since 1607? 188. Write list of States with dates admitted since 1789 Lengthy reviews should be written out on paper and handed to the teacher for correction or exchanged with members of the class. 189. Make list of presidents and in a second column tell what party elected each. 190. Write a sketch of Lincoln, b. Douglass, c. Seward, d. Davis (Jefferson), e. Jackson (Stonewall), f Grant, g. McClellan. h. Greeley, i. Sherman, j. Hayes, k. Garfield. 1. Daniel Webster. (Teacher will add to this list at dis- cretion.) 191. Bound the territory obtained by the Louisina Purchase. By the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo. By the Gadsden Purchase. By the Northwest Territory. WRITTEN AND ORAL REVIEWS. 189 193. How do you account for so many French names along the St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes? 193. Do you believe the U. S. made a profitable investment in the purchase of Alaska? Give reasons. 194. What are some of the advantages a citizen of the U. S. possesses over a citizen of England? 195. Outline the Mexican War for study. Note. — We give an outline of the Rebellion as suggestive model for this kind of work. 1. United States History. 2. The Rebellion. 3. Cause of Rebellion. 1st. Free trade. The South advocating_/>^^ trade and the North a protective tariff. 3d. Slavery, a. The pi:ofit derived from the slave trade and slave labor in the South, b. Its opposition by the North, c. Missouri Compromise, d. The Omnibus Bill. e. John Brown's Raid. f. Publication of sectional literature, g. The admission of Kansas. 3d. The geographical position of the two countries, a. Their interests in direct opposition in many cases, b. Re- stricted communication, c. The social status of the two countries, d. Educational provisions widely different. Such an outline ot causes is comprehensive and serves to give a good idea of topical analyses. 196. Name the important political events of Hayes's Ad- ministration. 197. Make list of prominent explorers and give nationality of each. 198. Give history of formation and adoption of our consti- tution. 199. Outline the powers of congress, as given by the constitution. IQO UNITED STATES HISTORY. 200. What were the purposes of the Articles of Confeder- alion of 1777^ 201. How was slavery first introduced into this country? 203. Search everything at hand and make up a neat Hst of the names of present Indian tribes in the U. S. Tell where each tribe resides. 203. Why were the Quakers persecuted? Give account of Witchcraft delusion. 204. What was the Stamp Act of 1765, and where first formally resisted? 205. What led to the capture of the city of Washington in 1814? 206. When and by what body was Washington first ap- pointed commander-in-chief? Who nominated him? 207. Give two prominent events of Monroe's Adminis- tration. 208. For what was Jackson distinguished as a president? 209. What government has the District of Columbia, and what representation, if any, in the U. S. Congress? 210. What made the United States constitution a necessity in 1789? 211. Who was Marquette? What explorations did he make? 2X2. How and when was Maryland settled? 213. Name the rebellions that have occurred in our history. 214. What was the first colonial congress? What colonies composed the New England settlements? 215. What was meant by the Navigation Acts? 216. Who were the Jesuit missionaries? 217. Tell the story of Major Andre. 218. What was the Dorr Rebellion? 219. Tell about the construction of the Erie Canal? 220. Explain the Fugitive Slave Act. 321. What is meant by a veto? Tell of one. WRITTEN AND ORAL REVIEWS. lOi 322. Give the meaning of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. 223. We have paid $62,700,000 for lands acquired; name "pieces" purchased and price paid for each. Is the sum correct ? 224. Wiite a column of the dates of the purchases made in clironolo records? Spanish. French. J English. Dutch. a. b. c. d. e. Discoverers. Discovery. Time. Claims. Settlements. American Indians. a. Numbers and mode of living. b. Troubles with whites. c. Claims to the soil. Colonial Period. I. Vir. r 2., Mass. ! a. Form of Government. 3- N. H. b. When ) 4- R. I. c. Where I Settled ? 5- Conn. I d. By whom ) METHODS OF OUTLINING. 193 BLACKBOARD FORM — CONTINUED. 6.N.Y., ^_ 7. N.J. 8. Penn. 9. Del. 10. Md. 11. N. C. 13. S. C. 13. Ga. Relij^ioiis. f. Political. g. Indian, h. Education. i. Noted Persons, j. Other Facts. Troubles. King William's. Queen Anne's. King George's. French and Indian. Wars. r -{ a. Cause. b. Date. c. Battles. d. Results. e. Treaty. The preceding will serve to illustrate one method of out- lining the Discovery and the Colonial Periods. For battles and events some such form as the following might be used : Operations of 1775. 1. Lexington. a. Date. b. Commanders, Results. 2. Ticonderoga. a. Commanders. b. Results. 3. Bunker Hill. a. Date. b. Commanders. c. Results. 4. Other events. The above will serve as a model for other dates of the Revolution. Washington's Administration. I. Election. •• a. By what Party? 13 94 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 2. Important Facts. a. Departments and Duty of Each. b. Revenue. c. Whisky RebeUion. d. Citizen Genet. e. Seat of Government. f. States Admitted. In the same manner the following administration might be outlined. It will be noticed that but few dates are necessary to be remembered. A form in use by many of our best teachers is here presented. Jeffer: Term of Office, 1801 to 1809. { Date. I Parties. Election. Changes. Alien and Sedition Laws Repealed. SArmy. Navy. Internal Revenue. Patronage. Territory. Addition of Ohio 1802 Reason La. Purchase Foreign. Miscellaneous France and England Fr. ^ Am. Price, $15,000,000. Constitut'iity. ^ Importance. Tripoli. Blockade. Embargo Act. Right of Search. Orders in Council. Milan Decree. Hamilton Killed, 1804. Steamboat, Cloi'mont. Burr's Conspiracy. METHODS OF OUTLINING. '95 It Will be noticed that while this for,„ gives a prettv thor o.^J. ana,ys,s ,t .-e^ua-es too much space^fo,- blacUbo.d ::. These analyses might be carneH f-r. u- i 1 ^ t, ^*- uc caiiiea to biogranhv anr fh^r^ h,sto 3 We should constantly keep so,„e important person age before the class for review. We cannot earn t oTch concerning the actions of noble men and women UNITED STATES HISTORY. INDIVIDUAL STATES. N'oTE. — The thirteen original colonies have been outlined in the settlement period. BLACKBOARD FORM. ^, ( 1724 — Brattleboro. Vermont, \ ,^7^__Government. 1791- I 1791— Admitted. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Note. — Owing to the fact that our school histories give but short sketches (in some cases none) of the individual Slates it is thought best to present the matter in the shape of ques- tions and answers. Teachers should call the attention of their pupils to these outlines and require at least a brief notice of the early settlement of each State. 1. From what does Vermont derive its name? Ans. From two words, vcrd, green and mont, mountain. 2. What two States claimed Vermont? Ans. At first New Hampshire claimed it, and afterward New York. 3. " What did Vermont pay for itself ?" Ans. Vermont paid New York $30,000 for her claims before it could be ad- mitted into the Union. 4. Who were the Green Mountain Boys? Ans. The soldiers of Vermont were so called during the Revolution. 5. Has Vermont furnished a president of the United States? If so, give his name. 6. What is meant by the New Hampshire Grants? Ans. All the territory lying between New Hampsliire and New York was so called, owing to the New Hampshire claims. INDIVIDUAL STATES. 97 Kentucky \ ^77^~J'^'^^^ Harrod. ^^ 1 i ^775 — Boonsborough. W92- I iyc)3 — Admitted. 7. Who built the first house in Kentucky? Ans. In 1774 James Harrod built the first log hut in Kentucky at what is now Hanodsburg. 8. Who built the first fort? x\ns. Daniel Boone built the first fort at Boonsborough in 1775. 9. What is the Indian meaning of Kan-tuck-kee? Ans. " The dark and bloody ground." 10. Has Kentucky furnished a president of the United States? If so, giye name. rp ( i7';6 — Fort London, lennessee, ) 'A^ ^ , ,. 1 706 1 1785— Frankhn. 79«- ( 1796— Admitted. 11. Where was the first settlement made in Tennessee? Ans. The first permanent settlement was made at Fort Lon- don, in 1756. This was about thirty miles aboye Knoxyille, on the Tennessee River. 12. What is meant by the State of Franklin? Ans. In 1785 the people, became dissatisfied with the rule of North Carolina, by which they were goyerned, and organized an independent goyernment, which they maintained until 1788 when it was again united with North Carolina. 13. What is the meaning of the Indian name Tann-as-see? Ans. " The riyer of the big bend." 14. What became of Daniel Boone? Ans. He emigrated from Kentucky to Missouri and died atCharette, Sept. 26, 1820. 15. Where did Daniel Boone and the early settlers of Ken- tucky get their salt? Ans. At Blue Licks, same state. How did they sejDarate it from the water? . ( 1 7S8— Marietta. Ohio, ) 'n ^. • ^ < 1709 — Cincinnati. ^ ( 1803 — Admitted. ig8 UNITED STATES HISTORY. , i6. Who made the first permanent settlement in Ohio? Ans. General Rufus Putnam led the first settlers to Ohio in 1788. They came from Massachusetts and settled at Marietta. 17. What capitals has Ohio had? Ans. Chillicothe was the capital from iSoo to 1810; Zanesville, from iSio to 1S12; Chillicothe, from i8i3 to 1816; the seat of government was removed from Chillicothe to Columbus in 1S16. 18. What was Cincinnati once called? Ans. Fort Wash- ington. Cincinnati was also called Losanteville. 19. When did the first steamboat pass down the Ohio? Ans. The " Orleans" passed down the Ohio in 181 1. It was built at Pittsburg. 20. When was the Northwest Territory organized? Ans. In 1787. It included the present States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. -r . . ( i6qq — Bilox Louisiana, \ ^^Z, xt r^ 1 ^ ' J 1718 — New Orleans 1^12. I 1812— Admitted. 21. When and where was the first permanent settlement made in Louisiana? Ans. In 1718, at New Orleans. Biloxi had been settled by Iberville in 1699 and this opened the way to settlement in the Territory of Louisiana. 22. When was the American flag first hoisted in the village of New Orleans? Ans. In 1803. 23. What noted public works at the mouth of the Missis- sippi River? Ans. Eads's Jetties, which enable ocean steamers to ascend the river to New Orleans. Describe them. 24. What did Jeflferson regard as the greatest act of his ad- ministration? Ans. The purchase of Louisiana in 1803. 25. For whom was Louisiana named? Ans. For French King Louis XIV., bv La Salle. T ,. ( 1703 — ^Vincennes. Indiana, \ ,8iQ-Indianapolis. ^^^^' 18 16— Admitted. INDIVIDUAL STATES. igg 26. When was the first settlement made in Indiana? Ans. It is not known. The earliest settlement authenticated was that of Vincennes in 1702. 27. Who founded Indianapolis? Ans. John Pogue,in 1819. 28. What president was once governor of Indiana Terri- tory? Ans. William Henry Harrison, of Tippecanoe fame. 29. When did Indianapolis become the capital? Ans. In 1825 the seat of government was removed from Corydon to this place. 30. What is the origin of the term " Hoosier State"? Ans. The word Hoosier is a corruption of the word husher. Western term for a bully. Mississippi, \ 'f99-Biloxi. 1S17 1 1716— Ft. Rosalie. '* f 1817— Admitted. 31. Where was the first permanent settlement made in this State? Ans. At Biloxi by Iberville in 1699. 32. When was Natchez founded? Ans. In 17 16 a fort called Rosalie was built on the present site of Natchez. 33. What is the Indian word for Mississippi? Am, Mic/ie Sepe, and, translated, "Great River." Another authority gives it as "The Great Father of Waters." 34. Why were the Natchez Indians supposed to be related to the tribes of Peru and Mexico? Ans. Bc^cause of their customs and habits, which were wery similar. 35. What is the principle staple of Mississippi? Ans. Cotton. Illinois, \ i682_Kaskaskia 00' \ 181 2 — Fort Dearborn. ''''''• ( 18 1 8— Admitted. 36. What places were probably settled as soon as Kaskas- kia? Ans. Peoria claims to have been settled first. It is admitted that Cabokia is of the same date as that of Kas- kaskia. 200 UNITED STATES HISTORY. 37. What noted mines in Illinois? Ans. The Galena lead mines. 38. What did the Mormons attempt to build at Nauvoo? Ans. They commenced to build a temple on a grand plan, but their troubles with the people and the authorities in 1844 caused the suspension of this work. A part of the walls are still standing. 39. What is the meaning of Illinois? Ans. The word is from the Delaware word loio^ leni., or ilijii^ meaning real, or superior men. The termination is of French origin. 40. When was Illinois carved out of the Northwest Terri- tory as a separate territory? Ans. In 1809. Alabama, \ ■ /Sg-Mississippi. o \ 1017 — Separated. i^^9- I 1819— Admitted. 41. Where was Alabama first settled? Ans. It was first settled at Mobile in 1711 by the French. That part of the Territory now known as Alabama and Missis^ppi was erected into the Territory of Mississippi in 179S. The separation took place in 1817, when the latter State was admitted into the Union. 42. What did we pay Georgia for her claims to Alabama soil? Ans. In i8o3 we paid Georgia $1,350,000 for her claims to this soil. 43. What is the meaning of Alabama? Ans. The mean- in*^ of the Indian word for Alabama is " Here we rest." o 44. What is the nickname for a native of Alabama? Ans. The natives are called " Lizards." 45. What singular vegetable production is found on the trees of Southern Alabama? Ans. A celebrated sea moss, which hangs pendant from the branches of trees in such masses as to darken the ground in some places. ,, . ( 1632 — Monhes^an. Mame, \ ^00 iv/r V 4-<- o^ ' \ 1688 — Massachusetts. / 1820 — Admitted. INDIVIDUAL STATES. 30I 46. Who first visited Maine? Ans. Bartiiolomew Gos- nold, in 1602; Martin Pring, in 1603; Del Monts, in 1604, and in 1605, Captain Weymouth. visited its shores. 47. Who attempted the first settlement? Ans. George Popham. He abandoned his settlement in 1608. In 1623 Monhegan vs^as settled. Saco was probably settled the same year. 48. What colony ruled Maine for a number of years? Ans. Massachusetts governed this province at many diflcrent periods, until 16S8, when it remained sul)iect to Massachu- setts until its admission in 1820. 49. What is the meaning of the word Maine? Ans. It means the main (mayne) land, and was first used to distin- guish the shore from the islands in the vicinity of the shore. 50. How did King Philip affect the people of Maine in his war of 1675? Ans. The Indians of Maine being in sym- pathy with him, committed numerous murders, and destroyed many neighborhoods. Missouri, \ lySS-St- Genevieve. r. ' < 1764 — bt. L-ouis. ^^2^- I 1821— Admitted. 51. What nations made the first settlements in Missouri? Ans. The French. They settled St. Genevieve in 1755, as well as other places about the same time. 52. How many houses were there in St. Louis in 1764? Ans. There were four dwellings and a store. The first steam- boat to visit this city was in 18 17. 53. Why is Missouri so called? Ans. From the Indian name of a tribe which inhabited this State. 54. What is one of the great land- marks of American his- tory? Ans. The Missouri Compromise. When was it passed and what was it? 55. What is the Indian signification for Missouri? Ans. Muddy Water. 203 UNITED STATES HISTORY. ,,. , . ( 1668— Sault vSt. Marie. Michigan, ) I ^01 -Detroit. ^^37- I 1S37— Admitted. 56. From what is the name derived? Ans. From two Chippewa words 77iitchi, great, and sawgyegan, hike, mean- ing great lake. 57. Where was the first settlement made? Ans. Father Marquette founded Sault St. Marie in 1668. Detroit was founded by Cadillac in 1701. 58. Has Michigan supplied a president ? 59. What American hung out the white tablecloth at De- troit? Ans. General Hull, in War of 18 12. 60. What is the nickname for natives of Michigan? Ans. They are called " Wolverines." . , ( 180^ — Louisiana. Arkansas, \ q r\ -a o ^ < 1 8 19 — Organized. ^^30. j 1S36— Admitted. 61. How do you pronounce Arkansas? Ans. It is author- ity to pronounce it Ar-kan-sah, accented on the first syllable; at least this is authorized by the authority of the State. Web- ster pronounces it as spelled, with the accent on the second syllable. 63. When was this State organized from the Louisiana pur- chase. Ans. In 1S19 it was organized as a Territory and ad- mitted in 1836. 63. Was Jackson president when Michigan was admitted? 64. What are the people of Arkansas called? Ans. They are known as " Bears." 65. What is a Creole? Ans. One born within or near the tropics is the usual sense, but it frequently applies to one born in the Southern States or the West Indies, of European par- ents. It never implies a degree of negro blood. Florida, \ '■5'^5-S'- Augustine. 845- 1696 — Pensacola. 1845 — Admitted. INDIVIDUAL STATES. 20^ 66. Why was Florida SO called? Ans. Partly on account of its florid or flowery appearance and partly fiom the fact that it was discovered on Easter Sunday (Pascua Florida). 66. What inscription did the Spaniards place upon the hanged Frenchmen? Ans. "Not as Frenchmen, but as heretics." 67. How did the French retaliate? Ans. The French soon afterward avenged these murders by hanging the Spaniards on the same trees which bore the moldering bones of the murdered. Their inscription read, " Not as Spaniards, but as cut-throats and murderers." 6S. What is the oldest settlement within the boundaries of the United States? Ans. The settlement at St. Augustine, made by the Spaniards in 1565, is the oldest one in the limits of the United States. 69. What is the popular name for the natives of Florida? Ans. They are known by the appellation of " Fly-up-the- Creek," from a kind of bird which follows the windings of the streams when disturbed. 70. What is the only State which has summer twelve months in the year? Ans. Florida. Texas, i 'f5-La Salle 845- 836 — Independent. 845 — Admitted. 71. What is the Lone Star State? Ans. Texas is so called from its single star found on the State seal. 73. What were the first places settled in Texas? Ans. The first attempt at settlement was under the auspices of La Salle, at Matagorda Bay, in 1685. He called his stockade fort, St. Louis. The colony were soon dispersed by the French and finally a number of weak posts were established. Texas has had a varied history previous to its annexation to the United States in 1845. 73. What is the only State in the Union which was once 204 UNITED STATES HISTORY. an Independent Republic? Ans. Texas was an Independent Republic from 1836 to 1845. 74. What was the last official act of President Tyler? Ans. He signed the bill admitting Texas into the Union as a State. 75. Who was the ' President of Texas." Ans. General Samuel Houston. J \ 1788 — Dubuque, iowa, ( i833_Burlington. 1846— Admitted. 846. 76. What is the Indian meaning for Iowa? Ans. It is said to mean " This is the land," or " The beautiful land." 77. Who first smoked the " Pipe of Peace" w^ith the In- dians of Iowa? Ans. Marquette and Joliet, in 1673. 78. What are natives of Iowa called? Ans. They are called " Hawkeyes." 79. Which is the " Turpentine State?" Ans. North Car- olina is so called from the quantities of tar and turpentine pro- duced. So. The northern boundary of what States and Territory are exactly midway between the Equator and the North Pole? Ans. The northern boundaries of New York, Vermont and Wyoming. The same is true of the National Park. ,,7.. . ( 1640 — Prairie du Chien Wisconsm, \ ^^^r. r^ .-..., .;..,! 1848. 1836 — Organized. 1848 — Admitted. 81. What is the the origin of the word Wisconsin? Ans. The name of the State is adopted from that of its principal river which the French spelled Onisconsi7i. It is said to mean " Wild rushing river." 82. What does Prairie du Chien mean? Ans. This word means "Dog-prairie." 83. Who are called " Badgers "? Ans. The inhabitants of Wisconsin are so called. INDIVIDUAL STATES. 205 84. What was Joe Smith's " Urim and Thummim " ? Ai:s. Two transparent stones with which he pietended to read the inscription on the golden plates discovered with them. 85. Has Wisconsin furnished a president? If so, whom? ^ ,.r . ( 1768 — San Dieo^o. California, ] ' o -i^ • r. ^ -l 1770 — oan Jb rancisco. ^^50- ( 1850— Admitted. 86. Why so called? Ans. The word California first oc- curs in the writings of Bernal Diaz del Castillo, an officer who served under Cortez in the conquest of Mexico. This writer limits the name to a single bay. 87. What was Col. Sutter doing when his laborer disco ve- ered gold? Ans. He was digging a mill-race and the shining particles were noticed by Mr. Marshall. 8S. Why did not California furnish troops in the late Civil War? Ans. Because of her isolated locality, there being no railroads across the mountains. 89. Why is this called the " Golden State "? Ans. On ac- count of its great production of the precious metals. 90. What is the motto of California? Ans. Eureka,"! have found it." ( 180S— Col. Pike.- Minnesota, ,84^_o,ganized. ^^5^- ( 1858— Admitted. 91. When was Minnesota explored? Ans. In 1805 Pike and others explored the Father of Waters to its source. 92. Who are called the " Gophers " ? Ans. The inhabit- ants of Minnesota. 93. What is the meaning of Minnesota? Ans. The In- dian meaning is " Cloudy Water." 94. Who led the Indians in the massacre of 1862? Ans. Little Crow. 95. Who named the Falls of St. Anthony? Ans. Louis Hennepin, in 1680. 206 UNITED STATES HISTORY. Oregon, ( i792-Capt. Gray. & ' J 1811 — Astoria. ^^^* ( 1859— Admitted. 96. When was Oregon first explored? Ans. Captain Robert Gray, of Boston, entered a large river which he named Columbia, in honor of his vessel. This was in 1792. 97. Why was Astoria so called? Ans. In honor of John Jacob Astor, a wealthy merchant of New York, and leading member of the Pacific Fur Company. 98. What is the *' State of hard cases"? Ans. Oregon is so designated. 99. What is the motto of Oregon? Ans. "The Union." 100. Who was Captain Jack? Ans. He was the Chief of the Modocs in the Modoc War in the Lava Beds in i873-'73. Kansas \ ^ 834 —Kansas-Nebraska. tS6t ' \ 1854— Kansas Struggle. ^^^^' I 1861— Admitted. 101. What is meant by the Kansas-Nebraska bill? Ans. It was a bill passed by congress allowing these States to elect whether they be admitted as slave States or not. 102. What was the Kansas struggle? Ans. A struggle to make it a slave State on one hand and to prevent this on the other. 103. What became of John Brown, of Kimsas fame? Ans. He was hanged at Harper's Ferr\', Dec. 2, 1859. 104. What is the "Northern Wonderland"? Ans. The National Park, set apart by the National Government for " a perpetual reservation for the benefit and enjoyment of the people." 105. What is the "Garden of the West"? Ans. Kansas is so called. A17- 4. T7- • • ( 1861 — Clarksburs:. West Virgmia, ) ^^^^ AAru_i;„^'' 863. 861 — Wheeling. 1863— Admitted. INDIVIDUAL STATES. 207 1 06. How was the State of West Virginia organized? Ans. About twelve hundred voters met at Clarksburg in April, 1 86 1, and passed resolutions denouncing the action of the Legislature in passing the Secession ordinance. This meeting also recommended a meeting of delegates to meet at Wheeling. Twenty-five counties were represented at this meeting on May 13. Another meeting was held on May 20 at Wheeling. This delegate convention elected a governor (Francis H. Pierpont) and "reorganized the State of Vir- ginia." 107. What is the only instance of a State being constructed from the territory of another State? Ans. That of West Virginia from Virginia. 108. What is the motto of West Virginia? Ans. ^^Mon- tani Semper Liberi^' "Mountaineers are always free." Nevada, \ 'f^S-Carson. 1864. \ ^^49-(^old. T J 1864 — Admitted. 109. Where and by whom was Nevada first settled? Ans. At Carson, Washoe and Eagle valleys, by the Mormons. no. What does Nevada mean? Ans. The meaning is " Snow-covered." 111. What are its inhabitants called ? Ans. They are called " Miners,'* or « Diggers." Nebraska, \ '^54— Kansas Nebraska. 1S67. i867_yetoed. ' ( 1867— Admitted. 1 12. How was Nebraska organized as a State? Ans. The provisions were the same as for the admission of Kansas, but as the South made no attempt to inLroduce slavery within its borders the disgraceful scenes of Kansas were not e!iacted. 113. Why did Nebraska knock at Uncle Sam's door for admission as a State when it only had a population of a few 3o8 UNITED STATES HISTORY. thousand? Aris. Her people desired to possess all the rights and privileges of the citizens of a State. 114. Why did Johnson veto the hill for the admission of Nebraska.'' Ans. On the ground that the conditions were not as contained in the enabling act of April 19, 1864, passed especially for the admission of this Territory as a State, and on the ground that the Territory did not possess the required population. 115. Who are the "Bug Eaters"? Ans. An inhabitant of Nebraska is so called. Are you a " Bug Eater " ? 1x6. What is the meaning of Nebraska? Ans. "Water Valley." ^ , , ( iSK2 — Gold. L/Oiorado, ) or r\ • j c^ ^ { 1 86 i^Organized. ^^7^- \ 1876— Admitted. 117. Who first visited Colorado? Ans. Vasquez Coronado visited this part of the United States about 1540. 118. What is the popular name for Colorado? Ans. The " Centennial State," or the " Silver " State. 119. What tribe of Indians hold to their primitive State most closely and still refuse to have intercourse with either the red man or with the whites? Ans. The Comanche is now the only typical Indian. INDIVIDUAL TERRITORIES. 209 INDIVIDUAL TERRITORIES. New Mexico. \ i5S2-Saata Fe I 1050 — Organized. I30. Who first visited New Mexico? Aiis. Espejo visited this territory in 1582 and founded Santa Fe. This was seven- teen years after the settlement at St. Augustine. 121. How did this Territory come into the possession of the United States.^ Ans. General Kearney conquered it in 1846, and in 1848 it was ceded to tills government by the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo. In 1850 it was organized as a Territory. The region lying south of the Gila was acquired Dec. 30, 1853, under the title of the Gadsden Purchase and annexed to New Mexico by act of congress, Aug. 4, 1854. The Territory then contained, besides the region now within its limits, tlie whole of Arizona and a portion of Colorado and Nevada. New Mexico has knocked at " Uncle Sam's Door " several times but " he does not say come in." Uf.h J 1847-Salt Lake City. ^^^^' I 1850— Organized. 122. When and where was Utah first settled? Ans. In 1847, ^^ ^^^^ Lake City, by the Mormons, under the leader- ship of Brigham Young. 123. How was the Territory organized? Ans. In March, 1849, a provisional government was organized knov/n as " the State of Deseret." This was superseded in 1850 by the organization of a territory called Utah (Sept. 9). Utah has frequently knocked at the National Door but " Uncle Sam " is not yet ready to open the door. 124. Do any fish live in Salt Lake? Ans. No. A gallon 2IO UNITED STATES HISTORY. of the water of this lake when condensed gives about a quart of salt. 125. Who are the " Latter Day Saints "? Ans. The Mor- mons are so called. The sect was founded by Joseph Smith (born at Sharon, Vt., in 1805, and killed at Carthage, 111., in 1844), who claimed to have visions at the age of thirteen. He claimed that the angel Moroni appeared to him on the night of Sept. 9, 1823, informing him that God had a work for him to do and that a record written upon golden plates, giving an account of the ancient inhabitants of America and of the dealings' of God with them, was deposited in a particu- lar place in the earth, and with the plates, two transparent stones in silver bows like spectacles, called the Urim and Thummim and by means of which the writing on the plates could be read. He declared that the angel of the Lord placed these plates, together with the Urim and Thummim, into his hands on Sept. 22, 1827. 126. How did Smith pretend to read the writing on these plates? Ans. He sat behind a blanket stretched across the room and pretended to translate the hieroglyphics to Oliver Cowdery, who sat in front of the blanket and wrote what he dictated. This book was published in 1S30 and was called the "Book of Mormons," or "Golden Bible." 127. Who do the Mormons call "the three witnesses"? Ans. Oliver Cowdery, David Whitmer and Martin Harris were so called as they had witnessed thus, " We declare with words of soberness that an angel of God came down from Heaven, and he brought and laid before our eyes that we be- held and saw the pla'tes and the engravings thereon." All three of these witnesses afterward denounced Mormonism and declared it false and a base fabrication. — See the American Cyclopedia. ,,7- , . , ( 184s — Tum water. Washmgton. \ oT r^ • j 1853 — Organized. INDIVIDUAL TERRITORIES. 211 128. Where and when was Washington Territory first settled? Ans. At Tumwater, in 1845, by some families who had crossed the plains in wagons. 129. How was the question of the possession of the islands in the Northwest of this Territory decided? Ans. Great Britain claimed the islands in Washington Sound, but this trouble was settled by leaving the question to the Emperor of Germany. He decided in favor of the United States, and in 1873, they were formed into tlie county of San Juan. Dakota, i 1859— Yankton. \ 1 86 1 — Organized. 130. Of what was Dakota originally a part? Ans. Qf Minnesota, until 1849. 131. Were there any people in this Territory when first settled? Ans. A large number of Indians were roaming over it, and a few French were here and there located for a time. -Tucson. ( 1800— ' I 1863-. Arizona. ^ o^ ^ .1 Organized. 32. How was the Territory organized? Ans. On Feb. 24, 1863, congress organized Arizona by cutting its entire area from New Mexico. 133. Has the settlement of Arizona a definite history? Ans. No. It was probably settled over a century since in vicinity of Tucson by the Spaniards. - Idaho \ 1S55— Boise City. ( 1863 — Organized. 134. What company first penetrated the wilds of Idaho? Ans. The Hudson Bay Fur Company first established trad- ing posts in Idaho. The dates of the first actual settlements in many of the Territories are not known to a certainty. TV4- ^ ( 186^ — Virginia City. Montana. { or r^ • j ( 1864 — Organized. 213 UNITED STATES HISTORY. ^35* Why was Montana organized so soon after its first settlement? Ans. Because of the rapid emigration to its gold mines, which were soon opened by the miners. Alaska i 1790— Kodiac. Alaska, -j i.^6y_Purchased. 136. What power first owned Alaska? Ans. Russia first explored Alaska under the order of Peter the Great in 1728. This power established a government at Kodiac in 1790. The United States purchased the Territory of Russia in 1867 for $7,200,000. _,^ . ( 1867 — Cheyenne. Wyoming, j ,868-Organized. 137* What is the "youngest Territory"? Ans. Wyom- ing, not being organized until 1868, and not settled until the year before. 138. What caused the settling of Wyoming? Ans. The building of the U. P. R. R. opened up the country to settlers. r 1 790 — Act of Congress. District of J iSoo — Seat of Government. Columbia. ] 1862 — Slavery. (^ 1871 — Organized. 139. Who selected the site for the District of Columbia? Ans. Washington, in 1790. An act of congress passed June 28, 1790, established the District of Columbia, or rather pro- vided for its organization. The clause is as follows: "That a district of territory on the river Potomac, at some place be- tween the mouths of the Eastern Branch and the Connoga- cheague, be, and the same is hereby accepted for the perma^ nent seat of government of the United States." Maryland had ceded sixty-four miles, called the county of Washington, in 1788, and Virginia had so given thirty-six miles, called the county of Alexandria, in 1789, to the United States govern- ment, but it was not accepted until 1790. INDIVIDUAL TERRITORIES. 213 140. Why has the District but slxty-tbur square miles at the present time? Ans. Cong^ress ceded the thirty-six miles which Virginia had presented back to that commonwealth in 1846. 141. When was slavery abolished in the District of Co- lumbia? Ans. April 16, 1S62. 143. Is Washington City incorporated? Ans. No. The charter was repealed in 1871. 143. How was the District governed previous to 1871? Ans. It was governed directly by congress, having no repre- sentation in that body. 144. Why do not the people of this District vote for presi- dent? Ans. Because it is a Territory. It became a Territory with one delegate in congress on June i, 1871. 2 14- UNITED STATES HISTORY. ORIGIN OF THE NAMES OF STATES. It is sometimes a matter of interest to know the origin of the name of a certain State. We append a Hst of the States with the accepted version of the origin. The teacher should call the attention of his pupils to this list, and by questioning a little daily, endeavor to fix the origin of the most important names. Maine, from Mayiie-land. New Hampshire, from Hampshire^ England. Vermont, from verd (green) and mont (mountain). Lit- erally " Green Mountain." Massachusetts, from an Indian term, meaning '■'- Blue Hillsy Another source authorizes, " The place of great hillsr Rhode Island, from the Islaiid of Rhodes^ Mediter- ranean Sea, also '•'■Roodt Eylandt^'' red island. Connecticut, from an Indian word which means ^'- Long River:' New York, from the Duke of Tork^ England. New Jersey, from the Island of yersey^ coast of France. ^Delaware, from De la IVar, at one time governor of Virginia. Lord Delaware. Pennsylvania, from Pen7z, and sylvi a, (woods) meaning " Penji's woods?'' Maryland, from ^ueen Henrietta Maria. Virginia, from the Virgin ^ueen^ Elizabeth. North Corolina, from Charles II., King of England. The Latin is " CarolusT South Carolina, same source. ^ ORIGIN OF THE NAMES OF STATES. 215 Georgia, from George II., of England. Florida, from a Spanish word meaning flowering. An- other version has it that De Leon made the discovery of the peninsula on Easter Sunday, " Pasqua de Flores^'' and from this the name was derived. Alabama, from an Indian word meaning, " Here we rest:' Mississippi, from an Indian word which means " Great Father of Waters?' Louisiana, from Louis XIV.., King ot France. Texas, supposed to be of Mexican origin, but no authen- tic account is given. Arkansas, from an Indian tribe of the same name. Missouri, from an Indian word, meaning ^'' Muddy Waterr Tennessee, from an Indian word, meaning " River with a Great Bend.''' Kentucky, from an Indian word, meaning ''''Dark and Bloody Ground!" Illinois, from an Indian word, meaning " River of Men." Ohio, from an Indian word, meaning '•'' Beautiful River." Michigan, from an Indian word, meaning " Great Lakes." Wisconsin, from an Indian word, meaning " Gathering of the Waters!' Iowa, from an Indian word, meaning '•'•Drowsy Ones!' Minnesota, from an Indian word, meaning " Cloudy Water!' Kansas, from an Indian word, meaning '•'•Smoky Water." Nebraska, from an Indian word, meaning " Water Valley." Nevada, from a Spanish word, meaning " Snow Covered! Colorado, probably from the Spanish. California, from a character in an old Spanish romance. Oregon, from the Spanish Oregano, wild marjoram. 2l6 UNITED STATES HISTORY. West Virginia, same as Virginia. Indiana, from an Indian word, meaning " Indian Ground^ notes and queries. How many and what States have an Indian origin? VVliich are named for kings? Which for queens? Which for rivers? Which for a plant? Which name do you admire most, and why? 'm^ NAMES AND MOTTOES OF STATES. NAMES AND MOTTOES OF STATES. 217 United States — E Pluribus Unum; " One out of many." Alabama, no motto. Arkansas — Regnmit Popidl ; "The people rule." California — Eureka; " I have found it." Colorado — Nil sine Nunihie; " Nothing without God," Connecticut — ^ul transtullt^ Sustinet; "He who brought us over sustains us." Delaware — " Liberty and Independence." Florida — " In God we trust." Georgia — " Wisdom, Justice and Moderation." Illinois — " State Sovereignty, National Union." Indiana, no motto. Iowa — " Our liberties we prize, our rights we will main- tain." Kansas — Ad asfra per aspera; " To the stars through difficulties." Kentucky — "United we stand, divided we fall." Louisiana — " Union and Confidence." Maine — Dlrlgo; " I direct." Maryland — Crescite et niultipUcamini ; " Increase and multiply." Massachusetts — Ejise petit placidaui sub libei-taie quietem; " By the sword she seeks placid rest in liberty," or " Conquers a peace." Michigan — Taebor^ and Si quoeris peninsulam ajncenam circutnspice ; "I will defend." " If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you " Minnesota— Z'iS"/^//^ du Nord; " The star of the North." 2l8 UNITED STATES HISTORY. Missouri — Salus pop7ili suprema lex esto; " Let the wel- fare of the people be the supreme law." Mississippi, no motto. Nebras^ka — "Equality before the law." New Hampshire, no motto. New Jersey — " Liberty and Independence." New York — Excelsior; " Higher." North Carolina, no motto. Nevada — Volens et pot ens ; " Willing and Able." Ohio — Imperiiim in imperio; " An empire in an em- pire." Oregon — Alls volat p7'opriis; " She flies with her own wings." Pennsylvania — " Virtue, Liberty and Independence. Rhode Island — " Hope." South Carolina — Anifnis opibusque pariti; " Ready in will and deed." Tennessee — "Agriculture, Commerce." Texas, no motto. Vermont — " Freedom and Unity." Virginia — Sic semper tyrrannis ; " So always with ty- rants." West Virginia — Montani semper liberi ; " Mountain- eers are always free." Wisconsin — Civilitas successit barbarian; "The civil- ized man succeeds the barbarous." HAVE YOU SEEN THEM? Hunter s Helps to History on HISTORICAL GAMES WITH CARDS m TEEEISTQRI OF TEE UMITED STMTES. By D. ECKLEY HUNTER, Supt. Public Schools, Washington, Ind. » SIX EDITIONS HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED. They have been sold in every State in the Union, and every Territory except Alaska. Thousands of teachers have testified to the benefits they have received from them. THE CHILDREN ARE DELIGHTED WITH THEM, And are thus induced to study History with new zeal. THE KOON HOURy Which often hangs heavily upon both teacher and pupil, is passed pleasantly and profitably in playing Historical Games and searching the books for events suggested on the cards. Can They be Used Profitably in the School Room ? They certainly can. Many of the games are only varieties in the topical method of recitation. This variety constitutes the game, keeps up the interest, gives greater freedom of speech, aud reaches more pleasantly the same end that is attained by the ordinary recitation. There are twenty games, not diflficult to learn. They impress historical events and dates upon the mind. What do Those Say that Have Used ThemP-Here it is: Teachers.— "They act like a charm with my history cla?s." "They reduce history to a system." 'I use them in my history class with good results." '"They enabled mo to get 100 per cent, in history when I was examined." "I can't afford to be without them while I teach his- tory." Parents.— "That is Mhat I call profitable amusement.'' "I always had the different wars mix- ed up in my mind, but this brings them out right. " ' I never before could remember dates." Children. — "They are twenty times as good as Authors' Cards, for we can play that game and nineteen others." "I have learned more history from these Cards in three evenings than In a month's reading. " The Press. --We are certain that people are not generally aware of the amusement and In- struction to be found in games with Historic Cards, else the present edition would be exhausted in a month.— Per*i Republican. No one who has to do with children can Invest s'xty cents In any better way for amusement than in purchasing a set tf these c&rA&.— New Yoi'k EducationalJournal: WHERE CAN THEY BE HAD?— A box containing a full set (60) of the cards, with directions for playing all the games will be sent by mail for 60 Cents. Address 163 RANDOLPH ST., CHICAGO. p SAGTIGH ^ ITIQUBTf B,^ PLAIN, SENSIBLE, RELIABLE, COMPLETE. SEVEN NEW CHAPTERS ADDED. VERY"question that can possibly arise in rei^ard to the customs of good society is ^answered in it. It does not contain a rule that should not be observed by every [lady and gentleman, and it does not omit a rule that any lady or gentleman should know. It is written by a lady of sterling Christian character,aud is worthy ' of a place in every household. SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS: Chap. I. — General Hints. II. — Rules of Conversation — Dress — Mar- riage. III. — Introductions — Calls and Cards — Visiting. IV. — Habits at Table —Evening Parties. V. — Rule of Politeness for Young Child- ren. VI.— Letters, Notes of Invitation, etc. Chap. VII. — School Room Etiquette. VTII. — Correspondence, Applications, etc. IX. — Additional Hints on General Topics. X. — Etiquette of Courts. XI. — Wedding Anniversaries, XII.— Balls, Danc(s. XIII.— Parties. XIV. — Mourning, Funerals, etc. XV. — Forms — Social. The Testimonials from individuals and from papers of the highest standing are the most highly laudatory loe ever read of any book. We can give only a few of them: It is a strongly sensible work, containing not a useless or foolish suggestion. It is simply a wcll-digostod code of good manners, of tlie customs and actions approved by persons of good breeding everywhere,— iSc/iooZ Herald, Chicago. It is a concise but comprehensive manual of the rules and regulations of social inter- course Every rule which will assist any one in giving and securing pleasure, and avoiding awkwardiie s and embarrassment in social life, here finds an appropriate place. — T/ie Interior, Chicago, *God may forgive sins, but awkwardness has no forgiveness in heaven or earth." So Hawthorne wrote Tcrhaps he e.vaggerated the matter, but certainly ignorance of good custom is a most melancholy ignorance indeed. Education In the proprieties of life is hence a thing to hi sought. It comes mainly through practical experience coupled with good breed- ing in the home circle, and yet hin;s and sug- gestions which are gained from books are ex- ceedingly profitable. Many works have been written on the accepted conventionalities of Mjciety but certainly not too many. And when a volume so plainly paragraphed and replete with wholesome advice as the one before us ap- P'ars.we cannot but give it a welcome. The book is put up in neat form. — The Standard. I find "Practical Etiquette" rightly named. It is judicious and practical. There are some things in regard to which ignorance may be no disgrace ; but a sin against the common rules of propriety may be forgiven, and still the per- petrator must stand lower in our esliniation These rules are not the conventionalisms of an English Chesterfield but they app y to us. Not a few teachers would find their rejected applica- tions explained by the cliapt(;r on coi n-spond ence. — Prof. II. H. Sanfokd. University of Chicago. I have such a strong prejudice against "Eti- quette books," that I was astonished and not well pleased to discover thislittle book lying on the desk of the Galcsburg High School. But, upon examination, the book pleases me so well that we shall place it In our list tf Fair premi- ums. It is true to its name, practical, and con- tains just such things as every boy and girl— ^ yes, and every man and woman— ought to know — ?klAF.Y A West County Superintend- ent of Schools , Galesburg, III. Every paragraph contains a grain of good sound sen.se; and the world is full of people who need to read such things, not wiihsfandlng their simplicity and obviousness. The Information given coneerning the conventionalities of soci- ety is accurate, and concisely and clearly put Chicago Times. A Ilcudsouie Book, printed on finely calendered paper, well hound, ivith gold stamp. PRICE, POSTPAID, 60 CENTS . FLAM&AN, 163 RANDOLPH STREET. CHICAGO, ILL LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 010 546 312 1