WHEN WE ALL ARE DOING OUR PART 
 
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WHAT H DOING TO IP? 
 
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 WHEN WE ALL ARE DOING OUR PART 
 
 EDITED AND ARRANGED BY 
 
 RUDOLPH J. BODMER 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE AT ELEVENTH STREET 
 WASHINGTON. D. C 
 
THE LIBRARY 
 OF CONGRESS 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 y^ 510 
 AS- 
 
 3^ 
 
WHY WE ARE FIGHTING 
 
 Photo by Harris & Ewing. 
 
 PRKSIDENT WILSON DELIVERING MESSArJE BEEOKE THE CONGRESS IN THE 
 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 PRESIDENT WILSON'S MESSAGE 
 TO CONGRESS 
 
 Gentlemen of the Congress : 
 
 I HAVE called the Congress into extraordinary session because there are serious, 
 very serious choices of policy to be made, and made immediately, which it was 
 neither right nor constitutionally permissible that I should assume the 
 
 responsibility of making. 
 
 On the third of February last I officially laid before you the extraordinary 
 announcement of the Imperial German Government that on and after the first day 
 of February it was its purpose to put aside all restraints of law or liumanity and use 
 its submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of Great 
 Britain and Ireland or the western coasts of Europe or any of the ports controlled 
 by the enemies of Germany within the Mediterranean. That had seemed to be the 
 object of the German submarine warfare earlier in the war, but since April of last 
 year the Imperial Government had somewhat restrained the commanders of its 
 undersea craft in conformity with its promise then given to us that passenger boats 
 should not be sunk and that due warning would be given to all other vessels which 
 its submarines might seek to destroy, when no resistance was offered or escape 
 attempted, and care taken that their crews were given at least a fair chance to save 
 their lives in their open boats. The precautions taken were meagre and haphazard 
 enough, as was proved in distressing instance after instance in the progress of the 
 cruel and unmanly business, but a certain degree of restraint was observed. The 
 new policy has swept every restriction aside. 
 
 Vessels of every kind, whatever their flag, their character, their cargo, their 
 destination, their errand, have been ruthlessly sent to the bottom without warning 
 
THE ENEMY HAS MUKDEKED OUR WOMEN AND CHILDREN 
 
 SINKING OF THE LL'SITANIA. GERMANY HAS SUNK OUR SHIPS AND MURDERED INNO- 
 CENT AMERICAN MEN, WOMEN AND CHILDI.'EN IN THIS AND OTHER WAYS. 
 
 and without thought of help or mercy for those on board, the vessels of friendh' 
 neutrals along with those of belligerents. Even hospital ships and ships carrying 
 relief to the sorely bereaved and stricken people of Belgium, though the latter Avere 
 provided with safe conduct through the proscribed areas by the German Government 
 itself and were distinguished by unmistakable marks of identity, have been sunk with 
 the sanie reckless lack of compassion or of principle. 
 
 Hard to Believe. 
 
 I was for a little while unable to believe that such things would in fact be 
 done by any government that had hitherto subscribed to the Immane practices of 
 civilized nations. International law had its origin in the attempt to set up some 
 law which would be respected and observed upon the seas, where no nation had right 
 of dominion and where lay the free highways of the world. By painful stage after 
 stage has that law been built up, with meager enough results, indeed, after all was 
 accomplished that could be accomplished, but always with a clear view, at least, of what 
 the heart and conscience of mankind demanded. This minimum of right the German 
 government has swept aside under the plea of retaliation and necessity and because it 
 had no weapons which it could use at sea except these which it is impossible to employ 
 as it is employing them without throwing to the winds all scruples of humanity or of 
 respect for the understandings that were supposed to underlie the intercourse of the 
 world. I am not now thinking of the loss of property involved, immense and serious as 
 that is, but only of the wanton and wholesale destruction of the lives of noncombal- 
 ants, uien, women, and children, engaged in pursuits which have always, even in the 
 darkest periods of modern history, been deemed innocent and legitimate. Property 
 
(iERMAXY HAS SUNK HOSPITAL SHIPS 
 
 ^.^^^^ ^f^f^^il 
 
 TUKI'KlKJlNi; A IIOSPITAI. SHIP. (JliKMANY HAS VIOLATED EVERY KKJHT OF THE SEAS. 
 EVEN I»ESTIiOVIN(. HOSPITAL SHIPS AND RELIEF SHIPS CARRYING AID TO THE 
 WOUNDED AND STARVING. 
 
 can be paid i'oi-; the lives of peaceful and innocent people cannot be. The present 
 German submarine warfare against commerce is a warfare against mankind. 
 
 It is a war against all nations. American ships have been sunk, American 
 lives taken, in ways which it has stirred us very deeply to leani of, but the ships 
 and people of other neutral and friendly nations have been sunk and overwhelmed 
 in the waters in the same way. There has been no discrimination. The challenge 
 is to all mankind. Each nation must decide for itself how it will meet it. The 
 choice we make for ourselves must be made with a moderation of counsel and 
 a tenlperateness of judgment befitting our character and our motives as a nation. 
 We must put excited feeling away. Our motive will not be revenge or the victori- 
 ous assertion of the physical might of the nation, but only the vindication of 
 right, of human right, of which we are only a single champion. 
 
 Armed Neutrality Fails. 
 
 When I addressed the Congress on the 26th of February last I thought that it 
 would suffice to assert our neutral rights with arms, our right to use the seas against 
 unlawful interference, our right to keep our people safe against unlawful violence. 
 But armed neutrality, it now appears, is impracticable. Because submarines are 
 in effect outlaws when used as the German submarines have been used against 
 merchant shipping, it is impossible to defend ships against their attacks as the 
 law of nations has assumed that merchantmen would defend themselves against 
 privateers or cruisers, visible craft giving chase upon the open sea. It is common 
 prudence in such circumstances, grim necessity indeed, to endeavor to destroy 
 them before they have shown their own intention. They must be dealt with upon 
 si£rht, if dealt with at all. The German government denies the right of neutrals 
 
GERMANY HAS FORCED US INTO THE WAR 
 
 to use arms at all within the "areas of the sea which it has proscribed, even in the 
 defense of rights which no modern publicist has ever before questioned their right to 
 defend. The intimation is conveyed that the armed guards which we have placed 
 on our merchant ships will be treated as beyond the pale of law and subject to 
 be dealt with as pirates would be. Armed neutrality is ineffectual enough at best; 
 in such circumstances and in the face of such pretensions it is worse than in- 
 effectual ; it is likely only to produce what it was meant to prevent ; it is practically 
 certain to draw us into the war without either the rights or the effectiveness of 
 belligerents. There is one choice we can not make, we are incapable of making; 
 M^e will not choose the path of submission and suffer the most sacred rights of 
 our nation and our people to be ignored or violated. The wrongs against which 
 we now array ourselves are no common wrongs; they cut to the very roots of 
 buman life. 
 
 With a profound sense of the solemn and even tragical character of the step 
 I am taking and of the grave reponsibilities which it involves, but in unhesitating 
 obedience to what I deem my constitutional duty, I advise that the Congress 
 declare the recent course of the Imperial German Government to be in fact nothing 
 less than war against the government and people of the United States; that it 
 formally accept the status of belligerent which has thus been thrust upon it; and 
 that it take immediate steps not only to put the country in a more thorough state 
 of defense but also to exert all its power and employ all its resources to bring the 
 government of the German empire to terms and end the war. 
 
 Cooperation with Allies. 
 
 What this will involve is clear. It will involve the utmost practicable co- 
 operation in counsel and action with the governments now at war with Germany, 
 and, as incident to that, the extension to those governments of the most liberal 
 financial credits, in order that our resources may so far as possible be added 
 to theirs. It will involve the organization and mobilization of all the material 
 resources of the country to supply the materials of war and serve the incidental 
 needs of the nation in the most abundant and yet the most economical and efficient 
 way possible. It will involve the immediate full equipment of the navy in all 
 respects but particularly in supplying it with the best means of dealing with the 
 enemy's submarines. It will involve the immediate addition to the armed forces 
 of the United States already provided for by law in case of war at least five hun- 
 dred thousand men, who should, in my opinion, be chosen upon the principle of 
 universal liability to service, and also the authorization of subsequent additional 
 increments of equal force so soon as they may be needed and can be handled in 
 training. It will involve also, of course, the granting of adequate credits to 
 the government, sustained, I hope, so far as they can equitably be sustained by 
 the present generation, by well conceived taxation. 
 
 I say sustained so far as may be equitable by taxation because it seems to me 
 that it would be most unwise to base the credits which will now be necessary 
 entirely on money borrowed. It is our duty, I most respectfully urge, to protect 
 our people so far as we may against the very serious hardships and evils which 
 would be likely to arise out of the inflation which would be produced by vast 
 loans. 
 
 In carrying out the measures by which these things are to be accomplished 
 we should keep constantly in mind the wisdom of interfering as little as possible 
 in our own preparation and in the equipment of our own military forces Avith 
 the duty — for it will be a very practical duty — of supplying the nations already 
 at war with Germany with the materials which they can obtain only from us or 
 by our assistance. They are in the field and we should help them in every way to 
 be effective there. 
 
WE HAVE NO QUAKREL \yiTH THE GERMAN PEOPLE 
 
 
 MEKCHANT VESSEL DESTKOYIxNCi SUr.MAlJIXK. IN SELF-DEFENSE WE HAVE PLArED 
 OUR TRAINED GUNNERS ON MERCHANT VESSELS AND IN TRUE AMERICAN SPIRIT 
 WE ARE GOING TO STOP THIS MURDER OF THE INNOCENTS. 
 
 Mobilization Measures. 
 
 I shall take the liberty of suggesting, through the several executive depart- 
 ments of the government, for the consideration of your committees, measures 
 for the accomplishment of the several objects I have mentioned. 1 hope that it will 
 be your ])lensure to deal with them as having been framed after very careful thought 
 by the branch of the Government upon which the responsibility of conducting the 
 war and safeguarding the nation will most directly fall. 
 
 While we do these things, these deeply momentous things, let us be very clear, 
 and make very clear to all the world what our motives and our objects are. My own 
 thought has not been driven from its habitual and normal course by the unhappy 
 events of the last two months, and I do not believe that the thought of the nation 
 has been altered or clouded by them. I have exactly the same things in mind now 
 that I had in mind when I addressed the Senate on the twenty-second of January last; 
 the same that I had in mind when I addressed the Congress on the third of February 
 and on the twenty-sixth of February. Our object now, as then, is to vindicate the 
 principles of peace and justice in the life of the world as against selfish and auto- 
 cratic pdwei- and to set up amongst the really free and self-governed peoples of the 
 world such a concert of purpose and of action as will henceforth ensure the observance 
 of those principles. Neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where the peace of 
 the world is involved and the freedom of its peoples, and the menace to that peace 
 and freedom lies in the existence of autocratic governments backed by organized force 
 which is controlled wholly by their will, not by the will of their people. We have 
 seen the last of neutrality in such circumstances. We are at the beginning of an 
 
WE ARE FIGHTING FOR THE RIGHT 
 
 Photos by Harris & Ewiuj 
 
 JAMES MADISON, 
 Our President During the War of 1812. 
 
 JAMES K. POI-K, 
 Our President During the Mexican War. 
 
 age in which it will be insisted that the same standards of conduct and of responsi- 
 bility for wrong done shall be observed among nations and their governments that are 
 observed amonjr the individual citizens of civilized States. 
 
 No Quarrel With Germans. 
 
 We have no quarrel with the German people. We have no feeling towards them* 
 but one of sympathy and friendship. It was not upon their impulse that their 
 government acted in entering the war. It was not with their previous knowledge 
 or approval. It was a war determined upon as wars used to be determined upon 
 in the old, unhappy days when peoples were nowhere consulted by their rulers and 
 wars were provoked and waged in the interest of dynasties or of little groups of 
 ambitious men who were accustomed to use their fellow men as pa\vTis and tools. 
 Self -governed nations do not fill their neighbor states with spies or set the course of 
 intrigue to bring about some critical posture of affairs which will give them an 
 opportunity to strike and make conquest. Such designs can be successfully worked 
 out only under cover and where no one has the right to ask questions. Cunningly 
 contrived plans of deception or aggression, carried, it may be, from generation to 
 generation, can be worked out and kept from the light only within the privacy of 
 courts or behind the carefully guarded confidences of a narrow and privileged class. 
 They are happily impossible where public opinion commands and insists upon full 
 infoiniatioi) concerning all the nation's affairs. 
 
 A steadfast concert for peace can never be maintained except by a partnership 
 
WE ACCEPT CEKMANYS CHALLENGE 
 
 Photos by Iliirri 
 
 AHUAIIAM LINCOLN, 
 Our President During the ("ivil War. 
 
 \viLi>L\M Mckinley, 
 
 (Jur President During the Spanish-American War. 
 
 of democratic nations. No autocratic government could be trusted to keep faith 
 within it or observe its covenants. It must be a league of honor, a partnership 
 of opinion. Intrigue would eat its vitals away; the plottings of inner circles 
 who could plan what they would and render account to no one would be a corrup- 
 tion seated at its very heart. Only free peoples can hold their purpose and their 
 honor steady to a common end and prefer the interests of mankind to any nar- 
 row interest of their own. 
 
 Revolution in Russia 
 
 Does not every American feel that assurance has been added to our hope 
 for the future peace of the world by the wonderful and heartening things that 
 have been happening within the last few weeks in Eussia? Eussia was known by 
 those who knew her best to have been always in fact democratic at heart, in all 
 the vital habits of her thought, in all the intimate relationships of her people 
 that spoke their natural instinct, their habitual attitude towards life. The 
 autocracy that crowned the summit of her political structure, long as it had stood 
 and terrible as was the reality of its power, was not in fact Eussian in origin, 
 character, or purpose; and now it has been shaken off and the great, generous 
 Eussian people have been added in all their naive majesty and might to the 
 forces, that are fighting for freedom in the world, for justice, and for peace. 
 Here is a fit partner for a League of Honor. 
 
 One of the things that has served to convince us that the Prussian autocracy 
 
WE ARE CHA.AIPIONS OF THE IIIGHTS OF MANKIND 
 
 was not and conlcl never be our friend is that from the very outset of the present 
 war it has filled our unsuspecting communities and even our offices of Govern- 
 ment with spies and set criminal intrigues everywhere afoot against our national 
 unity of counsel, our peace within and without, our industries and our commerce. 
 Indeed it is now evident that its spies were here even before the war began; and it 
 is unhappily not a matter of conjecture but a fact proved in our courts of justice 
 that the intrigues which have more than once come perilously near to disturbing the 
 peace and dislocating the industries of the country have been carried on at the insti- 
 gation, with the support, and even under the personal direction of official agents of 
 the Imperial Government accredited to the Government of the United States. Even 
 in checking these things and trying to extirpate them we have sought to put the most 
 generous interpretation possible upon them, because we knew that their source lay, 
 not in any hostile feeling or purpose of the German people towards us (who were, no 
 doubt, as* ignorant of them as we ourselves were), but only in the selfish designs of 
 a government that did what it pleased and told its people nothing. But they have 
 played their part in serving to convince us at last that that Government entertains 
 no real friendship for us and means to act against our peace and security at its 
 convenience. That it means to stir up enemies against us at our very doors the 
 intercepted note to the German Minister at Mexico City is eloquent evidence. 
 
 Accept Challenge. 
 
 We are accepting this challenge of hostile purpose because we know that 
 in such a government, following such methods, we can never have a friend; and 
 that in the presence of its organized power, always lying in wait to accomplish 
 we know not what purpose, there can be no assured security for the democratic 
 governments of the world. We are now about to accept gage of battle with this 
 natural foe to liberty and shall, if necessary, spend the whole force of the nation 
 to check and nullify its pretensions and its power. We are glad, now that we 
 see the facts with no veil of false pretense about them, to fight thus for the ultimate 
 peace of the world and for the liberation of its peoples, the German peoples 
 included; for the rights of nations great and small and the privilege of men every- 
 where to choose their way of life and of obedience. The world must be made 
 safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of 
 political liberty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no 
 dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation for 
 the sacrifices w^e shall freely make. We are but one of the champions of the rights 
 of mankind. We shall be satisfied when those rights have been made as secure 
 as the faith and the freedom of nations can make them. 
 
 Just because we fight without rancour and without selfish object, seeking 
 nothing for ourselves but what we shall wish to share with all free peoples, we 
 shall, I feel confident, conduct our operations as belligerents without passion 
 and ourselves observe with proud punctilio the principles of right and of fair play 
 we profess to be fighting for. 
 
 I have said nothing of the governments allied with the Imperial Government 
 of Germany because they have not made war upon us or challenged us to defend 
 our rights and our honor. The Austro-Hungarian government has, indeed, 
 avowed its unqualified endorsement and acceptance of the reckless and lawless 
 submarine warfare adopted now without disguise by the Imperial German Gov- 
 ernment, and it has therefore not been possil^le for this government to receive 
 Count Tarnowski, the Ambassador recently accredited to this government 
 by the imperial and royal government of Austria-Hungary ; but that government has 
 not actually engaged in warfare against citizens of the United States on the seas. 
 
 10 
 
WE SHALL FIGHT FOR DEMOCRACY 
 
 and I take the liberty, for the present at least, of postponing a discussion of our 
 relations with the authorities at Vienna. We enter this war only where we are 
 clearly forced into it because there are no other means of defending our rights. 
 
 Right and Fairness. 
 
 It will be all the easier for us to conduct ourselves as belligerents in a high 
 spirit of right and fairness because we act without animus, not in enmity towards 
 a people or with the desire to bring any injury or disadvantage upon them, but only 
 in armed opposition to an irresponsible government which has thrown aside all 
 considerations of humanity and of right and is running amuck. We are, let me say 
 again, the sincere friends of the German people, and shall desire nothing so much as 
 the early re-establishment of intimate relations of mutual advantage between us — 
 however hard it may be for them, for the time being, to believe that this is spoken 
 from our hearts. We have borne with their present government through all these 
 bitter months because of that friendship — exercising a patience and forbearance 
 which would otherwise have been impossible. We shall, happily, still have an oppor- 
 tunity to prove that friendship in our daily attitude and actions towards the millions 
 of men and women of German birth and native sympathy who live amongst us and 
 share our life, and we shall be proud to prove it towards all who are in fact loyal 
 to their neighbors and to the government in the hour of test. They are, most of 
 them, as true and loyal Americans as if they had never known any other fealty or 
 allegiance. They will be prompt to stand with us in rebuking and restraining the 
 few who may be of a different mind and purpose. If there should be disloyalty, it will 
 be dealt with ^^^th a firm hand of stern repression; but, if it lifts its head at all, it 
 will lift it only here and there and without countenance except from a lawless and 
 malignant few. 
 
 It is a distressing and oppressive duty. Gentlemen of the Congress, which I have 
 performed in thus addressing you. There are, it may be, many months of fiery 
 trial and sacrifice ahead of us. It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people 
 into war, into the most terrible and disastrous of all wars, civilization itself seeming 
 to be in the balance. But the right is more precious than peace, and we shall fight for 
 the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts — for democracy, for the 
 right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own governments, for 
 the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right by such 
 a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the 
 world itself at last free. To such a task we can dedicate our lives and our fortunes, 
 everything that we are and everything that we have, with the pride of those who 
 know that the day has come when America is privileged to spend her blood and her 
 might for the principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace which she 
 has treasured. God helping her, she can do no other. 
 
 11 
 
THE PRESIDENT 
 
 Photo by Harris & Ewing. 
 
 PRESIDENT WILSON AT THE DESK AT WHICH HE HANDLES THE BIGGEST JOB ANY 
 AMERICAN PRESIDENT HAS HAD THRUST UPON HIM. 
 
 13 
 
OUR PRESIDENT'S MESSACxE TO AMERICA 
 
 wk must supply our allies witit plkxty of ammunition. this is just one 
 luri'le corneh of one of many stpply depots. represents ammunition 
 for only a small part of a little batti,e. 
 
 My Fellow Countrymen: 
 
 THE entrance of our own beloved country into the grim and terrible war 
 for democracy and human rights which has shaken the world, creates 
 so many problems of national life and action which call for immediate 
 consideration and settlement that I hope you will permit me to address 
 to you a few words of earnest counsel and appeal with regard to them. 
 
 We are rapidly putting our navy upon an effective war footing and are 
 about to create and equip a great army, but these are the simplest parts of the 
 great task to which we have addressed ourselves. There is not a single selfish 
 element, so far as I can see, in the cause we are fighting for. We are fighting for 
 what we believe and wish to be the rights of mankind and for the future peace 
 and security of the world. To do this great thing worthily and successfully we 
 must devote ourselves to the service without regard to profit or material advantage 
 and with an energy and intelligence that will rise to the level of the enterprise 
 itself. We must realize to the full how great the task is and how many things, 
 how many kinds and elements of capacity and self-sacrifice it involves. 
 
 These, then, are the things we must do, and do well, besides fighting — 
 the things without which mere fighting would be fruitless : 
 
 We must supply abundant food not only for ourselves and for our armies and 
 our seamen, but also for a large part of the nations with whom we have now 
 made common cause, in whose support and by whose sides we shall be fighting: 
 
 We must supply ships by the hundreds out of our shipyards to carry to 
 the other side of the sea, submarines or no submarines, what will every day be 
 needed there, and abundant materials out of our fields and our mines and 
 
 13 
 
EVERY ONE OF US MUST DO HIS BIT 
 
 WE MUST BUILD THOUSANDS OF THESE SHIPS TO CARRY THE FOOD TO OUR BOYS AT 
 THE FRONT AND TO OUR ALLIES. WE MUST BUILD THEM FASTER THAN GER- 
 MANY'S SUBMARINES CAN DESTROY THEM. 
 
 our factories with which not only to clothe and equip our own forces on 
 land and sea but also to clothe and support our people for whom the 
 gallant fellows under arms can no longer work, to help clothe and equip 
 the armies with which we are cooperating in Europe, and to keep the 
 looms and manufactories there in raw material; coal to keep the fires going in 
 ships at sea and in the furnaces of hundreds of factories across the sea; steel out 
 of which to make arms and ammunition both here and there; rails for worn-out 
 railways back of the fighting fronts ; locomotives and rolling stock to take the 
 place of those every day going to pieces; mules, horses, cattle for labor and for 
 military service; everything with which the people of England and France and 
 Italy and Eussia have usually supplied themselves but can not now afford the men, 
 the materials, or the machinery to make. 
 
 It is evident to every thinking man that our industries, on the farms, in the ship- 
 yards, in the mines, in the factories, must be made more prolific and more efficient 
 than ever and that they must be more economically managed and better adapted to 
 the particular requirements of our task than they have been ; and what I want to say is 
 that the men and the women who devote their thought and their energy to these things 
 will be serving the country and conducting the fight for peace and freedom Just as 
 truly and just as effectively as the men on the battlefield or in the trenches. The 
 industrial forces of the country, men and women alike, will be a great national, a 
 great international, service army — a notable and honored host engaged in the service 
 of the nation and the world, the efficient friends and saviors of free men everywhere. 
 Thousands, nay, hundreds of thousands, of men other-wdse liable to military service 
 will of right and of necessity be excused from that service and assigned to the funda- 
 
 14 
 
THE FATE OF THE WAR RESTS WITH THE FARMERS 
 
 AliOVE ALL WE SHALL NEED FOOD. E\EHY ONE WHO STAYS AT HOME MUST MAKE 
 SOMETHING GROW OU WE SHALL EEEL THE PANGS OF HUNGER EVEN HERE. 
 
 mental, sustaining work of the fields and factories and mines, and they will be as 
 much part of the great patriotic forces of the nation as the men under fire. 
 
 I take the liberty, therefore, of addressing this word to the farmers of the 
 country and to all who work on the farms : The supreme need of our own nation and 
 of the nations with which we are co-operating is an abundance of supplies, and espe- 
 cially of foodstuffs. The importance of an adequate food supply, especially for the 
 present year, is superlative. "Without abundant food, alike for the armies and the 
 peoples now at war, the whole great enterprise upon which we have embarked will 
 break down and fail. The world's food reserves are low. Not only during the present 
 emergency, but for some time after peace shall have come both our own people and a 
 large proportion of the people of Europe must rely upon the harvests in America. 
 Upon the farmers of this country, therefore, in large measure, rests the fate of the 
 war and the fate of the nations. May the nation not count upon them to omit no 
 step that will increase the production of their land or that will bring about the 
 most effectual co-operation in the sale and distribution of their products? The 
 time is short. It is of the most imperative importance that everything possible be 
 (lone, and done immediately, to make sure of large harvests. I call upon young men and 
 old alike and upon the able-bodied boys of the land to accept and act upon this 
 duty — to turn in hosts to the farms and make certain that no pains and no labor 
 are lacking in this great matter. 
 
 I particularly appeal to the farmers of the South to plant abundant foodsttiffs 
 as well as cotton. They can show their patriotism in no better or more convincing 
 way than by resisting the great temptation of the present price of cotton and 
 helping, helping upon a great scale, to feed the nation and the peoples everywhere 
 
 15 
 
THE SUPREME TEST HAS COME 
 
 who are fighting for their liberties and for our own. The variety of their crops 
 will be the visible measure of their comprehension of their national duty. The 
 government of the United States and the governments of the several States stand 
 ready to cooperate. They will do everything possible to assist farmers in securing 
 an adequate supply of seed, an adequate force of laborers when they are most 
 needed, at harvest time, and the means of expediting shipments of fertilizers 
 and farm machinery, as well as of the crops themselves when harvested. The 
 course of trade shall be as unhampered as it is possible to make it and there shall 
 be no unwarranted manipulation of the nation's food supply by those who handle 
 it on its way to the consumer. This is our opportunity to demonstrate the 
 efficiency of a great democracy and we shall not fall short of it! 
 
 This let me say to the middlemen of every sort, whether they are handling 
 our foodstuffs or our raw material of manufacture or the products of our mills 
 and factories: The eyes of the country will be especially upon you. This is your 
 opportunity for signal service, efficient and disinterested. The country expects 
 you, as it expects all others, to forego unusual profits, to organize and expedite 
 shipments of supplies of every kind, but especially of food, with an eye to the 
 service you are rendering and in the spirit of those who enlist in the ranks for 
 their people, not for themselves. I shall confidently expect you to deserve and 
 win the confidence of people of every sort and station. 
 
 To the men who run the railways of the country, whether they be managers 
 or operative employees, let me say that the railways are the arteries of the nation's 
 life and that upon them rests the immense responsibility of seeing to it that those 
 arteries suffer no obstruction of any kind, no inefficiency or slackened power. 
 To the merchant let me suggest the motto, "Small profits and quick serv- 
 ice"; and to the shipbuilder the thought that the life of the war depends upon him. 
 The food and the war supplies must be carried across the seas no matter how many 
 ships are sent to the bottom. The places of those that go down must be supplied 
 at once. To the miner let me say that he stands where the farmer does; the work 
 of the world waits on him. If he slackens or fails, armies and statesmen are 
 helpless. He also is enlisted in the great service array. The manufacturer does not 
 need to be told, I hope, that the nation looks to him to speed and perfect every 
 process; and I want only to remind his employees that their service is absolutely 
 indispensable and is counted on by every man who loves the country and its liberties. 
 
 Let me suggest, also, that everyone who creates or cultivates a garden helps, 
 and helps greatly, to solve the problem of the feeding of the nations ; and that every 
 housewife who practices strict economy puts herself in the ranks of those who serve tbe 
 nation. This is the time for America to correct her unpardonable fault of wasteful- 
 ness and extravagance. Let every man and every woman assume the duty of careful, 
 provident use and expenditure as a public duty, as a dictate of patriotism which no 
 one can now expect ever to be excused or forgiven for ignoring. 
 
 In the hope that this statement of the needs of the nation and of the world 
 in this hour of supreme crisis may stimulate those to whom it comes and remind all 
 who need reminder of the solemn duties of a time such as the world has never seen 
 before, I beg that all editors and publishers everywhere v^all give as prominent publi- 
 cation and as wide circulation as possible to this appeal. I venture to suggest, also, 
 to all advertising agencies that they would perhaps render a very substantial and 
 timely service to the country if they would give it widespread repetition. And I hope 
 that clergymen will not think the theme of it an unworthy or inay)propriate subject 
 of comment and homily from their pulpits. 
 
 The supreme test of the nation has come. We must all speak, act, and serve 
 together ! 
 
 WooDROW Wilson. 
 
 16 
 
WHAT SENDING THE AR:\IY INVOLVES 
 
 . • • fe 
 
 I'liuto Ijy I'.rowu Bros. 
 
 U. S. TRANSI'OHT LOADED WITH AMKItlCAN TROOPS OFF FOR THE WAR. 
 
 IF you bring an army to France or Belgium, you realize, I suppose, that you 
 will have to bring with it half the mechanics of, let us say, a town like Bridge- 
 port, to carry out the necessary construction repairs. You will have to 
 take over whole French towns for their residence, or build miles of huts 
 for them. The army behind the army in modern war is an army in itself. 
 
 The equipment, dispatch and constant reinforcement of an expeditionary 
 force such as yours, whose nearest home base must be some three thousand miles 
 away, is some undertaking; but we had a harder task in the case of the Boer War, 
 nearly twenty years ago, when our home l)ase was some seven thousand miles 
 away. We then learned a good deal about transport by sea and land. 
 
 The fine American lad who will swing down your New York streets on his 
 way to the transport will probably cost you, apart from his pay, at least fifty 
 dollars a week. Ours, who are operating near home, cost us from thirty to thirty- 
 five dollars. 
 
 But the boy with his rifle and his uniform and his enthusiasm is only the 
 beginning of him ; the rest of him is some tons of stuff that has to do with him. 
 T will enumerate some of the tonnage he requires. 
 
 Let us talk first about his food : I imagine the American soldier, like the 
 British and the Canadian, will not be content to exist upon the soup, bread, 
 cheese, meat and red wine of the Frenchman. I think he will probably not prove 
 to be such a good cook as the Frenchman. I think he will want, in addition 
 to almost unlimited beef, pork, bread and biscuit. All these things will have 
 to be brought from home, for we in Europe have only just enough for ourselves. 
 If you bring mules and horses you will need to bring hay also, for we have got 
 none for you; and the amount of hay j^our boy's horse will consume will surprise 
 you. 
 
WHAT MUST GO WITH EVERY SOLDIER 
 
 WE NEED SHIPS. WE NEED TEN SHIPS LIKE THIS FOR EVERY ONE CARRYING SOLDIERS 
 TO P'RANCE TO SUPPLY THEM WITH FOOD AND THE THINGS TO FIGHT WITH. 
 
 The American Boy's Baggage, 
 
 In addition to your boy's food and that of his horse, there is his spare 
 clothing, which I dare say we can provide, though we can do nothing in the 
 way of spare harness. Think of the tonnage involved in his machine gun, his 
 spare rifle, his revolvers and their ammunition, his steel helmet and other pro- 
 tective armor. Think of his boots. In one exceptional section of the Italian 
 army, with which I sojourned, the boot ration was twelve pairs per annum ! 
 Your boy will have to bring with him all the latest kinds of American boot- 
 making and boot-repairing machinery. You will require a boot plant for making 
 and remaking boots and for the utilization of the waste material, at least as big 
 as the Pennsylvania Eailroad depot. Think about his spades for digging and 
 his pickaxes; the tons of barbed wire and of corrugated iron for the roof of 
 his hut; the oil stoves and electric stoves. What, too, about his washing? Is 
 that to be done in France, or sent back home? Our army is equipped with the 
 very latest steam laundries on scales that daze one. The amount of washing 
 required for a hospital of one thousand beds is a surprise to the civilian. In 
 one of our series of hospitals we have thirty thousand beds. 
 
 So when you look at your gallant American boy starting for war, think of 
 some of the things he will have to bring along. I could continue the list, but 
 it would weary you. If you come into the war thousands of American women 
 will be busy making aerial observation balloons, which have proved very useful; 
 thousands of American mechanics will be making moving kitchens on wheels ; 
 every tent-maker in the United States will be busy. 
 
 Your American boy will need to bring his own locomotives and track not 
 only for narrow-gauge railroads, but for just such trains as those in which I 
 traveled many thousands of miles in your country. The more often I go to see 
 this modern war work, the more I realize its immensity and complexity. 
 
 To interpose thus in the middle of the existing armies of France, that 
 American boy must be accompanied by many skilled interpreters, who must not 
 only speak French, but think French. At the beginning of the war our tiny 
 army was unprovided with enough officers de liaison, as these interpreters are 
 called, and endless confusion and trouble arose. 
 
 — Reprinted from Lord NorthcUffe's article in the Saturday Evening Post. 
 
 18 
 
IF YOU JOIN THE NAVY 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 U. S. MAN-OF-WAR "ARIZONA' 
 
 IN THE EAST RIVER. NEW YORK. 
 
 IF YOU JOIN THE NAVY 
 
 TTIE life of a sailor — and particularly the life of a man-of-war's man — - 
 with its adventures, ever-changing scenes, new countries, new jieople; 
 following the sea from port to port, from one ocean to another — has always 
 appealed strongly to the imagination of men of spirit. In the record of the 
 deeds of the men of the United States Navy, from John Paul Jones to Admiral 
 Dewey, the young American can find the highest inspiration ; for our Navy, both in 
 time of war and of peace, has played a great, honorable and often glorious ptrt in the 
 history of the country. The Navy has been, throughout its entire existence, a 
 Service of high ideals ; and its unbroken record of great and worthy achievement, 
 of dutv well done, has been due to the high standard set for officers and men in the 
 
 19 
 
OUE NAVY NEVER BEATEN 
 
 beginning and maintained ever since. This standard was never higher than it is 
 today; and any young American who thinks of going into the Navy may feel sure 
 that, on enlisting, he will enter a service in which he may, and should, always feel 
 a justifiable pride and of which the uniform is a badge of honor. 
 
 But, in addition to a chance of serving the country in an honorable position, 
 a place in the Navy offers, as a livelihood, many advantages — such as steady employ- 
 mient; good, practical training; gradual promotion; provision for old age; a 
 healthful life; an opportunity for travel and education. The pay is graded 
 according to a man's skill and length of service and compares favorably with that 
 of highly-paid labor in civil life. Indeed, when it is remembered that a blae- 
 jacket's pay is nearly clear of all living expenses, it is doubtful that, in ordinary 
 times, there is any class of workmen paid better than the enlisted men of the Navy. 
 
 Any young man who wishes to enlist must, of course, come up to the require- 
 ments of the Navy — in character, in physique, in education and in ability. 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 UNCLE SAM'S NEW $19,000,000 35-KNOT BATTLE CRUISER NOW BUILDING, OP WHICH 
 FOUR ARE TO BE FINISHED IN THREE YEARS. THEY WILL BE 850 FEET LONG, 91 FEET 
 BEAM, 34,800 TONS DISPLACEMENT. THEY WILL CARRY TEN 14-INCH GUNS, EIGHTEEN 
 5-INCH GUNS, EIGHT TORPEDO TUBES, FOUR 3-INCH ANTI-AIRCRAFT GUNS, AND MACHIN- 
 ERY FOR OPERATING NAVAL AEROPLANES. 
 
 Steady Work. 
 
 A man-of-war's man is always sure of his job as long as he renders faithful 
 service and is qualified to perform his duties. He will never lose his job because 
 of strikes or hard times. If he is sick or injured, he is well cared for in a modern 
 naval hospital. His pay goes on whether he be sick or well. He has no doctor 
 bills for himself. Upon completing an enlistment, if his record has been meritori- 
 ous, he receives, as a testimonial of fidelity and obedience, an honorahle discharge; 
 this entitles him to reenlist at any time within four months, if he is physically 
 qualified, and to get four months' pay as a bonus for reenlisting. If he is 
 disqualified for reenlistment, by reason of disability incurred in line of duty, he 
 is entitled to a pension. 
 
 Navy Food. 
 
 The food of the Navy is excellent. Great care is taken to make sure as to 
 both the quality and the quantity of the sailor's food. The purchasing, pre- 
 paring, cooking and serving are done under the inspection of commissary officers, 
 who are required to see that the food is appetizing and nourishing. The character 
 of the diet is changed with the seasons of the year and the climatic conditions 
 of the locality in which the ship cruises ; but, whenever possible, the sailors are 
 
 20 
 
ADVANTAGES IN THE NAVAL SERVICE 
 
 I'hoto by Brown Bros. 
 
 THE PICTIRE snows HOW A TORPEDO IS LAUNCHED FROM A MAN-OF-WAR. THE 
 ACCURACY WITH WHICH THE OPERATOR CAN DISCHAR<;E THESE DEADLY WEAPONS 
 IS THE MARVEL OF THE PRESENT WAR. THERE IS SO.METHIN(; ALMOST HUMAN IN 
 THE WAY THE TORPEDO CARRIES OUT ITS INHI MAN WORK. 
 
 supplied with fresh provisions. It is believed that the U. S. Navy ration is better 
 than that of an}- other military service in the world. 
 
 This subsistence is furnished to enlisted men free. Tliey have no board bill 
 to pay when on duty. 
 
 Variety of Scene. 
 
 Vessels of the United States Navy are employed in all parts of the world, 
 and the opportunities afforded young men for travel are very good. While no 
 promise can be made a recruit that he will be given any particular cruise, the 
 duties of the Navy call for frequent foreign cruises; and it is safe to say that 
 during the course of an enlistment a man will have a chance to visit many 
 out-of-the-way places which he could not possibly visit otherwise without great 
 expense. During the winter months, the Atlantic Fleet assembles in West Indian 
 waters, where drills and maneuvers are held. Men from the battleships go 
 ashore at Guantanamo, Cuba, for target practice on the largest rifle range in 
 the world. Here other drills are also held, such as artillery practice, shore- 
 signalling, etc. While the fleet is at anchor in Guantanamo Bay, baseball games 
 are played daily, boat races are pulled off in the waters of the bay, minstrel shows 
 are staged and athletic events of all kinds are of frequent occurrence. The ships 
 of the fleet are provided with the latest moving-picture machine and films, 
 and every battleship has its own band. 
 
 21 
 
WHAT YOT^ RECEIVE FOR FIGHTING IN THE U. S. NAVY 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 ONE OF THE FAST MEMBERS OF THE "MOSQUITO FLEET." DEPENDED UPON TO CATCH 
 
 AND DESTROY SUBMARINES. 
 
 With the approach of spring the fleet returns nortli to home ports and liberal 
 shore leave is granted whenever practieal)le. During the summer, the fleet 
 maneuvers of? the Atlantic Coast of the United States, where war-games are played 
 and target practice is held. 
 
 The men of the Pacific and Asiatic Fleets are similarly employed, and also 
 are given opportunities for recreation like those given men of the Atlantic Fleet. 
 
 Pay and Advancement. 
 
 When a man enlists in the Navy, his name is immediately placed upon the 
 pay-roll; but if he enlists as an apprentice-seaman, he does not draw all his pay 
 for any month during the training period. However, the pay that is withlield 
 is given him at the time he completes his course of instruction. Thereafter he 
 draws all the pay due him each month. Pav-days in the Navv occur twice a month 
 —on the 5th and 20th. 
 
 Clothing Outfit. 
 
 Every recruit is provided free with an outfit of uniform clotliing, bedding 
 and other necessaries, amounting to $60.00. This outfit . includes, among other 
 things, woolen l)lankets, jack-knife, handkerchief, tooth-brushes, hair-l)rushes, scrub- 
 brushes, shoe-polish, mattress and mattress-covers, neckerchief, high and low shoes, 
 spool of cotton, silk and linen thread : all articles of uniform for summer and winter, 
 including overcoat, sweater, gloves, bathing trunks and gymnasium shoes. 
 
A BIG OPPORTUNITY FOR ADVANCEMENT 
 
 Travel Expenses. 
 
 "When a man enlists, he is furnished by the Government with transportation 
 to the training station or to the receiving ship to which he is assigned ; and if there 
 is a night ride, he is given a berth in the sleeper or a stateroom, if sent by steamer. 
 While on the way, meals are furnished by the Government — as are car fare, trans- 
 fers across the city, etc. When a man is discharged at the expiration of his enlist- 
 ment, he is furnished with a "travel allowance," at four cents a mile, instead of 
 transportation, from the place of discharge (if in the United States) to the place 
 of enlistment within the United States. If he is discharged before his enlistment 
 expires, by reason of physical disability, he is furnished with transportation and 
 subsistence to his home, if in the United States. Men travelling under orders 
 are always furnished with transportation and expenses. It is only when a man 
 is travelling at his own convenience, or on leave, that he is required to pay his 
 own expenses. 
 
 Rates of Pay. 
 
 There are many different rates of pay in the Xavy; and a man enlisting in 
 one of the lower ratings is advanced one step at a time, with a corresponding 
 raise in pay, as he becomes proficient and his conduct warrants — both of which 
 requirements are essential to a man's advancement in the Navy; and no matter 
 how capable he may be in his duties, he cannot expect to be advanced unless his 
 conduct entitles him to consideration. 
 
 The pay of an apprentice seaman is $17.60 a month. The first raise in pay. 
 in the seaman branch, is to $20.00 ; and in the fireroom, to $34.20. These increases 
 are usually made at the time the recruits qualify at the training station and before 
 they are sent to sea, although apprentice seamen are sometimes sent to a sea-going 
 vessel to complete their training. Subsequent advancement is obtained after the 
 man has been assigned to general service and depends to some extent upon existing 
 vacancies. In the seaman branch, the next rating obtainable on board ship is that 
 of seaman, $26.40. A seaman is eligible for advancement to 3d class petty officer 
 (coxswain, gunner's mate 3d class, quartermaster 3d class") at $33 per month. 
 Petty officers 2d class of the seaman branch are paid $38.50 a month. Petty 
 officers 1st class are paid $44, except turret captains, 1st class, who receive $55. 
 Chief petty officers of the seaman branch are paid from $55 to $66 for acting 
 appointment, and $77 for a permanent appointment, which is issued only after 
 a year's service as chief petty officer and after examination before a board of 
 officers. 
 
 In the artificer branch, the pay of sea-going ratings ranges from $24.20 
 to $77 for a chief petty officer with a permanent appointment. 
 
 In the special branch, which includes yeomen, musicians and the hospital 
 corps, the pay ranges from $17.60 and $20.90 for recruits, to $77 for chief petty 
 officers with permanent appointment. 
 
 The commissary branch is composed of ship's cooks, bakers, and commissary 
 stewards, with pay ranging from $17.60 for the recruit (landsman for cook or 
 baker) to $77 for chief commissary steward. 
 
 Commencing June first, nineteen hundred and seventeen, and continuing until 
 not later than six months after the termination of the present war, all enlisted 
 men of the Navy of the United States in active service whose base pay does not 
 exceed $21 per month shall receive an increase of $15 per month; those whose 
 base pay is over $21 and does not exceed $24 per month, an increase of $12 per 
 month ; those whose base pay is over $24 and less than $45 per month, an increase 
 of $8 per month ; and those whose bas^ pay is $45 or more per month, an increase 
 of $6 per month. 
 
 ii 
 
THE SOLDIERS OF THE SEA 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 U. S. MARINES LEAVING SHIP TO MAKE A LANDING ON HOSTILE SOIL. 
 
 IF YOU JOIN THE MARINES 
 
 THE Marines have landed and have the situation well in hand." One 
 frequently reads such a statement in a newspaper dispatch from some 
 distant land. Yet there are many who do not know what is meant 
 by "Marines." Marines are not in the Army, though they perform 
 military duty. They belong to the naval service and perform the soldier duty 
 in the Navy. For this reason they are sometimes called "sea-soldiers." 
 
 These "sea-soldiers" are known as Marines because they are members of the 
 Marine Corps, an organization of 30,000 trained men, whose special duty it is to 
 protect the interests of the United States in any part of the world. They serve 
 both on land and sea, at home and abroad. 
 
 A detachment of Marines is kept on each large vessel of the Navy, prepared 
 to go ashore at a moment's notice if their services are needed. And they have 
 a splendid record of always being ready for any sort of emergency and able to 
 handle any situation short of a big war, when of course the entire Army and 
 Navy are required. Some protect the Naval Stations in our foreign possessions, 
 and others are organized into regiments and battalions and are held in readiness 
 for expeditions abroad when needed. 
 
THEY ARE THE FIRST TO GO 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 U. S. MARINES DRILLING ON SHIP BOARD. THEY ARE ALWAYS THE FIRST TO 
 
 GET INTO ACTION. 
 
 The United States Marine Corps. 
 
 The United States Marine Corps was first called into existence by an Act 
 of the Continental Congress of November 10, 1775, and gallantly served through- 
 out the Revolutionary War. It was disbanded at the close of the war, April 11, 
 1782, but was reorganized and permanently established July 11, 1798. From 
 that day to this its officers and men have been zealous participants in every 
 expedition and action in which the Navy has taken part. 
 
 The Marines are the first men on the ground in case of trouble with a foreign 
 power, and the first men into battle in case of hostilities. They have at all times 
 served their country faithfully, both in peace and war, and have reflected great credit 
 upon themselves as a corps and on the nation which they represent. Ever have they 
 lived up to the letter as well as the spirit of the motto of the Corps, ''Semper Fldelis." 
 
 Service Ashore. 
 
 The Marines serve both at sea and on land. They are trained, clothed and 
 equipped very much as are soldiers of the land forces. In their preliminary 
 instruction on shore, at navy yards and naval stations, they are instn-'cted and 
 
 25 
 
THEY GET ACTION, AND PLENTY OF IT 
 
 drilled in the duties of infantry soldiers, field artillerymen and machine gun 
 companies. In preparation for their duties as landing parties from ships of the 
 Navy, for expeditionary duty and as defenders of naval advance bases, they are 
 further trained in aviation, in the use of portable searchlights, the wireless tele- 
 graph, the heliograph, and the various other methods of signaling; range finding, 
 the erection, operation and maintenance of telegraph and telephone lines, the 
 planting of land and submarine mines, the handling of torpedoes, the erection 
 and demolition of bridges, the building of roads, knotting and splicing of ropes, 
 handling boats under oars and sails, the handling of heavy weights, the fitting of 
 gun gear, and the various methods of slinging and transporting ordnance, and 
 the mounting in suitable shore positions of guns of three-, five-, and six-inch calibre. 
 
 i'lioto by I'.rown Bros. 
 
 U. S. 
 
 MARINES LANDING AN ARMORED MOTOR CAR FROM MAN-OF-WAR. THE U. S. 
 MARINES WERE THE FIRST TO USE ARMORED MOTOR CARS IN ACTION. 
 
 Service at Sea. 
 
 In their service on battleships and cruisers, the Marines form a part of the 
 ship's complement for battle, manning the six-inch, five-inch, three-inch, and six- 
 pounder guns of the intermediate and secondary batteries, and anti-aircraft guns. 
 They are trained and fully equipped for instant service as landing parties for duty 
 on shore. 
 
 Great mobility and facilities for quick action are required of the Marines. 
 They must be kept in readiness to move at a moment's notice, and be prepared 
 for service in any climate. They have seen service in Egypt, Algiers. Tripoli, 
 Mexico, China, Japan, Korea, Cuba, Porto Pico, Panama, Nicaragua. Santo Domingo, 
 Formosa, Sumatra, Hawaii, Samoa, Guam, Alaska, the Philippine I'^lands. and Haiti. 
 
 26 
 
WELL PAID FOR THEIR SERVICES 
 
 Pay and Allowances. 
 
 The regular pay o£ Marines varies from $15 to $69 per nionth, aeiording 
 to rank and length of service. A man starts in as a private at $15 per month 
 and climbs \\p in accordance with his own merits and indvidual efforts. 
 Members of the Marine Corps on active war service during the present war will 
 receive an increase of pay of from $6 to $15 per month, based upon their pay at 
 home stations. A man is given a "Good Conduct Medal" for each enlistment he 
 serves honestly and faithfully, and for each good conduct medal that he holds he 
 receives eighty-three cents a month in addition to his regular pay. Should he qualify 
 witli the service rifle his pay will be increased $2 per month for "Marksman," $3 per 
 nicnth for "Sharpshooter." or $5 per month for "Expert Eifleman," accord- 
 ing to which of these qualifications he attains. Likewise, if he qualifies with the 
 great guns aboard ship his pay is increased from $2 to $10 per month, according 
 to his (jualification and the class of gun at which he is stationed. While serving 
 aboard ship, or on shore outside of the United States (except in Hawaii and 
 l*orto Rico), his pay is inci eased twenty per cent. A comparatively small per- 
 centage of the men in the service draw the minimum pay. 
 
 As everything that a man needs is furnished him by the Government it 
 will be seen that his pay is practically clear money, and there is no necessity for 
 him to spend anything, except a very small amount occasionally for laundry, soap, 
 towels, etc., should he care to be economical and save his money. Furthermore, 
 he may deposit his savings with the Government; upon which an interest of 
 4 per cent will be paid to the man at the expiration of his enlistment. 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 r. S. M.VRIXES MOUNTING A 5-INCH GUN AFTER MAKING A LANDING. 
 
THE PKIDE OF THE U. S. A. 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 THE PRIDE OF THE U. 8. A. WEST POINT CADETS ON DRESS PARADE. GRADUATES 
 OF THE INCOMPARABLE SCHOOL FOR TRAINING ARMY OFFICERS. 
 
 IF YOU JOIN THE ARMY 
 
 THE U. S. Army is the unbeaten army of the world. It has an 
 ■unspoiled record of victories. The United" States has never engaged in 
 a war in which it has not come out victorious. This is because the 
 American is a good fighter. He never fights unless he knows he is in 
 the right and only when ready. 
 
 The Army is divided into the following branches: Cavalry, Field Artillery, 
 Coast Artillery, Infantry and Engineers. There is also a Signal Corps, Hos- 
 pital Corps, Quartermaster Corps and Ordnance Department, for which men 
 of special qualifications are required. Each has its particular function, and an appli- 
 cant, if he fulfills the requirements, may have his choice of any arm of the line 
 and also in the other corps mentioned if he possesses the necessary qualifications and 
 vacancies exist. 
 
 The Army of the United States is the best fed, best paid and best kept 
 army in the world. The soldier's opportunity for advancement, self-improvement 
 mentally and physically, pleasure, or the accumulation of savings, is of the best. 
 The men who constitute the Army are a self-respecting, well behaved and con- 
 tented body of men, worthy of the respect and esteem of all law-abiding citizens. 
 
KNOWLEDGE OF HORSES VALUABLE HERE 
 
 J'liotu by Kruwu Bl'os. 
 
 U. S. CAVALRYMAN WITH UIS FIELD EQUIPMENT. 
 
 Cavalry. 
 
 Men who have a liking for horses will probably find in the cavalry an agreeable 
 service. In this l)ranc]i of the service a soldier, upon joining his organization, has 
 a horse assigned to him, of which he must at all times take the best of care. 
 He is taught thoroughly how to ride and how to care for and train horses. His 
 work is mostly mounted. After serving an enlistment in the cavalry the man 
 usually emerges an expert rider and all-round horseman. The mounted service 
 hoU1s the special attraction of a certain dash and daring which many men prefer. 
 
 I'hoto bv Brown Bros. 
 
 U. S. FIELD ARTILLERY IN ACTION. 
 
 Field Artillery. 
 
 The field artillery offers practically the same as the cavalry, the difference 
 being that the field artillery uses field guns, wliich are of different classes, light, 
 mountain and heavy. The heavy field artillery also includes howitzers. In the 
 horse artillery, which accompanies the cavalry, the cannoneers are all mounted 
 on horses. 
 
 29 
 
THE MEN WHO GET RESULTS 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 INFANTRY GOING INTO ACTION. 
 
 Infantry. 
 
 Men unaccustomed to horses, or who are not fond of riding, will probably 
 be best suited to the infantry or the coast artillery. The infantry is the largest 
 branch of service in the Army. It is composed of foot soldiers, but these men 
 are of the greatest importance to an army. Unlike the cavalrymen or field 
 artillerymen, they have no hors-'es to care for. This branch of the service offers 
 splendid advantages for military training and promotion. 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros 
 
 INFANTRY IN ACTION. 
 
 30 
 
THESE BOYS KEEP THE ENEMY OUT 
 
 MANSHIP IS ALMOST UNCANNY. 
 
 Coast Artillery. 
 
 From the nature of tlie service, coast artillery garrisons are located near 
 the larse seacoast citie« of the country, and their purpose is to protect the seacoast 
 and harbors of the United States and foreign possessions Ihe duties are not 
 ex ctin' so ?hat the soldier has abundant time at his disposal to visit places 
 Tear his' station; and the work is interesting, even for those who do not care 
 
 '° ^^'lo'^:: nSiJ^ical turn of mmd will perhaps fiiid the cond^ions 
 in theloast artiUerv most agreeable. The coa«t artillery corps offers specia advan- 
 tage to men who have had training and experience m the care of electrical 
 machiierv engines and boilers; to those who are qualified m mechanical drafting, 
 a woi ; and photography, and to intelligent and ambitious young men who 
 e're to ..lalifv in anv of these lines. This corps, too, offers the advantage 
 of manv comparativelv ^high salaried grades open to its members-particu aily 
 To tiiose who have successfully passed through the training school provided by 
 the War Department. 
 
 31 
 
 J 
 
THE MEN WHO PERFORM WONDERFUL FEATS 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 BUILDING A PONTOON BRIDGE. THE PICTURE SHOWS ONE OF THE RESULTS 
 OF HAVING AN EFFICIENT ENGINEER CORPS WITH THE ARMY AT THE FRONT. THESE 
 ARE THE FELLOWS WHO MAKE IT POSSIBLE FOR THE ARMY TO MOVE FORWARD AND 
 OCCUPY NEW POSITIONS. 
 
 Engineer Corps. 
 
 This constitutes a force of somewhat highly developed specialists, whose duties are 
 rather more varied than those of members of the other branches of the service. They 
 are relieved from many of the ordinarv^ routines of garrison life to enable them 
 to engage in the special drills and exercises of their corps. These exercises are of 
 a character that should appeal to men interested in various kinds of construction 
 work and outdoor life, preparing the men as they do for the duties of engineers. 
 They comprise surveying for military purposes and map making, and include the 
 laying out of camps, construction and repair of fortifications, the installation of 
 electrical power plants and electric power cables connected with seacoast batteries, 
 and the construction and repair of military roads, railroads and bridges. The 
 members of the corps are usually stationed at large and important posts or in 
 the vicinity of the larger cities. 
 
 Signal Corps. 
 
 This is another important special body of men, a large part of whose duties 
 are of a technical and professional character, requiring skill as mechanics, elec- 
 tricians, wiremen, cable men and telegraph, telephone and wireless operators, pho- 
 tographers, chauffeurs, and aeronautical experts. A part of the function of the 
 Signal Corps is the installation and operation of wireless stations, telephone 
 systems, and telegraph and cable lines and offices, at all points where parts of the 
 army are serving, and for the service of cable ships. Another part, and a very 
 important part, of the Signal Corps is the aviation section, which is charged 
 with the duty of operating or supervising the operation of all military air craft. 
 The Secretary of War is authorized by law to cause as many enUsted men of the 
 aviation section to be instructed in the art of flying as he may deem necessary. 
 Each aviation enlisted man while on duty that requires him to participate regularly 
 and frequently in aerial flights, or while holding the rating of aviation mechanician 
 which may be secured by passing successfully the required examination, receives 
 an increase of fifty per centum of his pay. 
 
 32 
 
SKY PILOTS WHO HAVE CHANGED WAR METHODS 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 SHELLS FROM ANTI-AIRCRAFT GUN BURSTING ABOUT A BRITISH MONOPLANE, 
 LEAVING LINGERING SMOKE BY WHICH THE GUNNERS CAN REGULATE THEIR AIM. 
 THIS PICTURE SHOWS THE WORK OF A DARING SCOUT AT THE AISNE SIEGE BATTLE. 
 
 IF YOU JOIN THE AVIATION CORPS 
 
 THE applicant must show that he possesses a college education or its equiva- 
 lent in experience of a military, technical, executive, or other nature. 
 The applicant must possess letters of recommendation from three reput- 
 able persons. In case of previous military service, the applicant must 
 submit statements of satisfactory service. The physical examination is the same 
 
 33 
 
ONE OF THE GREATEST OPPORTUNITIES IN AVIATION 
 
 as that required for applicants for aviation service in the regular army. It is 
 a thorough examination, lasting about two and a half hours. Special stress is laid 
 on good hearing and eye-sight. As to the flying requirements the catechism says: 
 
 "The applicant must pass, before being commissioned, the Eeserve Military 
 Aviators flying test. I^nless he can pass this flying test he will not be given 
 a commission. He will be assisted by the United States in obtaining the training 
 necessary to fit him for a commission, provided he meets the other requirements. 
 
 "The course of training will ordinarily take at least three months, and the 
 applicant will be required to undergo both military and aviation training. This 
 training will take place at schools maintained under the supervision of the War 
 Department. One of them is now established at Mineola, L. I. ; another at 
 Memphis, Tenn., and others will be opened as opportunity permits. Civilian 
 schools may also be designated by the War Department. At present there are 
 two of these, the Curtiss Aviation School at Newport News, Va., and the school 
 at Miami, Fla." 
 
 All expenses, it is stated, will be paid by the Government if the applicant is 
 enlisted in the Aviation Section of the Signal Enlisted Reserve Corps. It is 
 not necessary to enlist, however, to receive training as a flying officer. The 
 prospective officer can receive instruction and pay his own way and living expenses. 
 While training at his own expense, however, he will be required to attend regularly 
 both aviation and military instruction classes. Here are questions and their 
 answers in the catechism : 
 
 "^^hat is the pay of the non-commissioned officer grades to which I might 
 be assigned by enlistment?" 
 
 "You will be enlisted as sergeant in the Enlisted Reserve Corps, the actual 
 pay of which will be $-36 per month, which with allowances for food and cloth- 
 ing, etc., will be brought to the equivalent of approximately $75 per month." 
 
 "What rank will I have on completing the prescribed course? 
 
 "On completing the prescribed course you will receive the rank of a First 
 Lieutenant in the Aviation Section, Signal Officers' Reserve Corps, and placed 
 on the inactive list. However, if, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, you 
 have special qualifications, he may, with your consent, retain you on active duty 
 as long as there are funds available for that purpose and for such a period as he 
 may see fit. The pay allowances for this rank on active service are as follows: 
 Base pay, $166.66 ; commutation of quarters (where no public quarters are 
 available), $35 per month. In addition while on flying duty you will be granted 
 a 25 per cent increase in pay." 
 
 All applicants must start training as soon as they are assigned to a training 
 school. If any applicant desires to withdraw during the course he must submit 
 an application for discharge, giving the reasons. Applicants may apply for in- 
 formation to the Chief Signal Officer of the Army at Washington, the President 
 of the Aviation Examination Board at Mineola, L. I. ; the Aviation Officer, Central 
 Department, Chicago; the Aviation Officer, Southern Department, at San Antonio, 
 Texas, or the Commanding Officer, Signal Corps, Aviation School at San Diego. 
 Cal. To obtain admission to the course of training applicant must obtain blanks, 
 fill them out, and return them : present himself for medical examination at the 
 time prescribed by the Medical Board, and appear before the board at the time 
 prescribed for mental and moral examination. 
 
 If accepted by the board the applicant will be recommended for enlistment 
 with a view of obtaining necessary aviation training to qualify for a commission. 
 When I'ecommended for enlistment the applicant will be ordered to report at an 
 enlistment depot. 
 
 34 
 
CHANCES FOR MOTORCYCLISTS AND AUTO DRIVERS 
 
 Photo l>.v Brown Bros. 
 
 THIS PICTURE SHOWS THE EQUIPMENT OF THE AMERICAN MOTORCYCLI^^T SOLDIER. 
 SPLENDID FELLOW, AND DANfJEROTS TO MEET WITH HIS MACHINE GUN AND RIFLE. 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 THESE \RE SOME OF THE ARMORED CARS OF THE NEW YORK STATE NATONAL GUARD. 
 ^ AND WILL BE HEARD FROM IF THEY GO INTO ACTION. 
 
EVERY MAN, WOMAN AND CHILD CAN HELP HERE 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 THE AMERICAN HOSPITAL AT NEUILLY, FRANCE. SHOWING WHAT WONDERFUL WORK 
 IS BEING nONE FOR THOSE WHO HAVE LOST LEGS AND ARMS. THESE MEN IN 
 A FEW WEEKS WILL BE EQUIPPED WITH ARTIFICIAL LIMBS. THE PR.AISES OF 
 THE HELP AMERICA HAS BEEN TO THE SOLDIERS OF FRANCE IS ON EVERYONE'S 
 LIPS. YOU CAN HELP BY BECOMING A MEMBER OF THE RED CROSS. 
 
 YOU CAN JOIN THE RED CROSS 
 
 You can join one of the Red Cross units being organized for service with the army 
 and for the purpose of training personnel therefor. 
 
 You should address your application to chairman, first-aid committee, American 
 Red Cross, Washington, D. C, or preferably to your own local chapter. 
 
 To facilitate the enrollment and training of this Red Cross personnel, it is divided 
 into three classes: 
 
 Class A, those willing to serve wherever needed. 
 
 Class B, those willing to serve in home country only. 
 
 Class C, those willing to serve at place of residence only. 
 
 In making your enrollment you should designate which of these three classes 
 you wish to be enrolled in. 
 
 CLASS A FOR ACTIVE SERVICE. 
 
 Only persons belonging to Class A are to be enrolled in Red Cross organizations 
 intended for service at military bases or along the line of communication. 
 
 In Class B those will be enrolled who are intended for service in hospitals and 
 other sanitary institutions that may be established in the home country. 
 
 Class C will be composed of individuals who, on account of their occupations or 
 inexperience in the care of sick and other hospital duties, are expected to render 
 efficient service in military institutions at or near their homes. 
 
 36 
 
/•" 
 
 AAfERICANS RAVE ALKEADV DONE WONDERS 
 
 I'lioto by Brown Bros. 
 
 THE FAMOIS ••HIUI> CAGE" GIVEN BY THE PHlLADELPHrA AID SOCIETY TO THE 
 AMKIUCAN AMBULANCE FIELD SERVICE. KINS BETWEEN THE HOSPITAL AND 
 THE STKKL HOSPITAL THAIN (UVKN BY AMKUUANS. MOST PEUFECTLY EQUIPPED 
 HOSI'ITAL TKALN EVKK ISED IN MILITAKV SEUVICE. DONOItS OF TKAIN, KOBKKT 
 BACON AND ALKXANDEU COCHRAN. IN PU"riRE. LEFT TO RIGHT: A. PIATT 
 ANDREWS. EX-ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, HEAD OF AMERICAN 
 FIELD SERVICE: F. T. DAVIDSON, OF YALE, AND MR. TAYLOR. OF NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 Under authority of the act of Congress approved April 24, 1912, these Red Cross 
 units are being organized to serve with the land forces and will constitute a part 
 of the sanitary service of the land forces. 
 
 When the Secretary of War calls for the services of these units he will specify 
 the character of service required, the kind and number of units desired and will 
 designate the place or places where the personnel and material will be assembled. 
 
 TO BE UNDER MILITARY LAWS. 
 
 When you are enlisted in one of these Red Cross units and report for duty with 
 the land forces of the United States you will be subject to military laws and regu- 
 lations and will be provided with the necessary brassard and certificate of identity. 
 
 Except in cases of great emergency the Red Cross personnel serving with the 
 land forces will not be assigned to duty at the front, but will be employed in hos- 
 pitals in this country, at the base of operations, on hospital ships, and along the 
 lines of communications of the military forces of the United States. 
 
 Before military patients are received in a Red Cross hospital specific authority 
 must be given by the Secretary of War and the director of the hospital must be a 
 commissioned officer of the Medical Corps, or in special cases an officer of the 
 medical section of the OflBcers' Reserve Corps. Under specific authority, however, 
 military patients may be sent to Red Cross general hospitals not commanded by a 
 commissioned medical oflicer. 
 
 The Red Cross, now that war has been declared, is preparing to respond to a 
 call by the War Department to assist in the sanitary service by furnishing organized 
 units and such individual services as may be necessary, consisting of physicians, 
 surgeons, dentists, chaplains, laboratory experts and their assistants, pharmacists, 
 nurses, stenographers and clerks, hospital personnel and sick transport personnel. 
 
 37 
 
THE KED CROSS IS EVERYONE'S OPPORTUNITY 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 AMERICAN AMBULANCES AND FIELD WORKERS IN FRANCE. THE PARTY IN ADVANCE 
 WAS COMPLETELY WIPED OUT BY A BURSTING SHELL WITHIN A FEW MOMENTS 
 AFTER THE PHOTOGRAPH WAS MADE. ONE OF THE PHOTOGRAPHERS W'AS ALSO 
 KILLED. 
 
 PAID BY FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 
 
 Persons thus enrolled in the Red Cross in its units or individuals who are 
 accepted for the sanitary service receive pay from the National Government, accord- 
 ing to the nature of their service either on military rolls or as civilian employees. 
 
 Red Cross volunteers give their services without pay. They are entitled when 
 serving with Red Cross organizations to wear a distinctive badge approved by the 
 Secretary of War and issued by the Red Cross. 
 
 The Red Cross units now being organized for service with the army or for the 
 purpose of training personnel therefor, are ambulance companies, base hospitals, hos- 
 pital units, surgical sections, emergency nurse detachments, sanitary training detach- 
 ments, information sections, refreshment units and detachments, supply depots, gen- 
 eral hospitals and convalescent homes. 
 
 A register is kept in the office of the surgeon general of the army, upon which 
 the name and record of each member of these units is recorded. When specially 
 authorized medical officers of the army detailed for duty with the Red Cross will act 
 as representatives of the War Department for the purpose of inspecting these units. 
 
 Members of organized units serving under the medical department will wear the 
 uniform of the enlisted reserve corps or the uniform prescribed by the central com- 
 mittee and approved by the War Department. The equipment will be similar to that 
 used in the sanitary service. 
 
i:i:i) IlLOODKI) MEN AS WELL AS WOMEN WANTED 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 AMERICAN NTKSES IN FRANCE WHO IlELPEl. THE WOUNDED. WEARING MASKS FOR 
 PROTECTION FROM THE DEADLY Fl MKS OF THE (JERMAN POISONOUS GASES. 
 
 WHAT THE RED CROSS IS 
 
 You are familiar with some of its acliievements — with the organized helpfulness, 
 heroism and self-sacrifice of its men and women amid the horrors of war, devastating 
 plagues and epidemics and in great calamities. Do you know that as an American 
 you have a right to become a member of the Red Cross, that by the payment of small 
 annual dues and a little unselfish service you can support your Government in its 
 humanitarian work? Do you know that there is just as much place for a red-blooded 
 man in the Red Cross as there is for a woman, but that when it is figured down but 
 about one man in every 450 throughout the United States is a member? 
 
 Your circumstances may not permit you to engage in field work, but you can help, 
 your family and friends can help by becoming members of the Red Cross and by 
 actively supporting your local chapter. 
 
 Your help is needed now to support its field and base hospitals, its doctors and 
 nurses. To provide the necessities of military and civilian relief calls for at least a 
 million members. The United States can do what other nations have done. By help- 
 ing your American Red Cross you are preparing to save lives and alleviate suffering 
 consequent to the war. 
 
THE LEAST YOU CAN DO IS BECOME A MEMBER 
 
 The "Red Cross" is the crusade of the twentieth century. It follows 
 in the flaming wake of war and brings healing to the wounded and con- 
 solation to the dying. It is the touch of a mother's hand and the voice 
 of sister, wife and sweetheart to the homesick sufferers. It is Christ on 
 the battlefield and love enthroned where bullets pierce and bombs spread 
 death and hell. Little wonder that the men of America have pledged their 
 loyalty to such a movement! After the war is over there will be one 
 bright sign and symbol— THE RED CROSS ! 
 
 DR. JAMES L. GORDON, Pastor, First Congregational Church, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 You can become a member of the Red Cross. This means every man, woman or 
 child can belong to this humanitarian society, which is the only authorized agency 
 for the distribution of relief that has an efficient organization perfected and has trained 
 workers to take charge of every phase of relief activities. 
 
 By, having a large supporting membership, the Red Cross will have sufficient 
 funds to carry on its varied relief work. A little less than a year ago but 25,000 
 Americans were enrolled under the Red Cross banner. Today more than 850,000 
 Americans are wearing the little Red Cross button, but the Red Cross, with the great 
 war ahead, needs at least 20,000,000 members out of the 100,000,000 population to be 
 able to carry on the work laid upon it by act of Congress. 
 
 The classes of membership are: Annual members, $1; subscribing member, $2 
 annually; contributing member, $5 annually; sustaining member, $10 annually; life 
 member, one payment, $25; patron, which carries life membership, one payment, $100. 
 
 All except the Annual Members receive the Red Cross Magazine monthly. 
 
 The changing tides of war must 
 determine whither the work of 
 relief will turn. Situations must 
 be dealt with as they arise. 
 
 Without your contribution 
 they can not be dealt with at all ; 
 the bitter pleas of a real and 
 , actual need that come to you 
 must go unanswered. 
 
 HENRY P. DAVISON, 
 Chairman, Red Cross War Council. 
 
 Subscribe for suffering Hu- 
 manity. 
 
 Cut Out and Mail. 
 
 APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP 
 American Red Cross, 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 1 enclose $ for a_ 
 
 the American Red Cross. 
 
 (state class) 
 
 Subscribing Mem. $2. 
 Contributing " 5. 
 
 Sustaining " 10. 
 
 Life " 25. 
 
 Patron " 100. 
 
 191 
 
 membership in 
 
 (write plainly) 
 
 40 
 
PKESIDEXT WILSON OUTLINES HIS MANAGERIAL PLANS. 
 
 ii 
 
 The Nation Needs All Men" 
 
 THE power against which we are arrayed has sought to impose its 
 will upon the world by force. To this end it has increased arm- 
 ament until it has changed the face of war. In the sense in 
 which we have been wont to think of armies there are no armies 
 in this struggle. There are entire nations armed. Thus, the men who 
 remain to till the soil and man the factories are no less a part of the 
 army that is in France than the men beneath the battle flags. It 
 must be so with us. It is not an army that we must shape and train 
 for war; it is a nation. To this end our people must draw close in one 
 compact front against a common foe. But this cannot be if each man 
 pursues a private purpose. All must pursue one purpose. The nation 
 needs all men; but it needs each man, not in the field that will most 
 pleasure him, but in the endeavor that will best serve the common good. 
 Thus, though a sharpshooter pleases to operate a trip-hammer for the 
 forging of great guns, and an expert machinist desires to march with the 
 flag, the nation is being served only when the sharpshooter marches and 
 the machinist remains at his levers. The whole nation must be a team 
 in which each man shall play the part for which he is best fitted. To 
 this end Congress has provided that the nation shall be organized for 
 war by selection and that each man shall be classified for service in the 
 place to which it shall best serve the general good to call him. 
 
 The significance of this cannot be overstated. It is a new thing in 
 our history and a landmark in our progress. It is a new manner of 
 accepting and vitalizing our duty to give ourselves with thoughtful devo- 
 tion to the common purpose of us all. It is in no sense a conscription 
 of the unwilling; it is, rather, selection from a nation which has volun- 
 teered in mass. It is no more a choosing of those who shall march 
 with the colors than it is a selection of those who shall serve an equally 
 necessary and devoted purpose in the industries that lie behind the battle 
 line. 
 
 — From President Wilson's Proclamation Setting June 5 as the Day for Registration. 
 
 41 
 
WHAT THE PKESIDENT'S APPEAL MEANS TO YOU. 
 
 "The whole nation must be a team in 
 which each man shall play the part 
 for which he is best fitted'^ 
 
 So says the President in his proclamation of the 
 call to register for war duty. This is a well 
 chosen form of expression. Every American 
 knows what a team is, and how important is team- 
 work. And every American knows how necessary 
 it is to assign members of a team to the parts they 
 can play best. Some men are pitchers and some 
 are catchers, and it would be folly to try to win 
 games with the pitchers and catchers switched. 
 Schalk would be batted all over the lot if he pitched 
 and Grover Alexander caught, while Frank Baker 
 would look like a rookie if he played right field, and 
 Ty Cobb would be very near a joke at first base — 
 perhaps. But in the positions they regularly occupy, 
 positions assigned them after long training, these 
 men do their work well, better than most others. 
 And this is team work. The President's job just 
 now as manager of the American war team is to see 
 that the right men are put in the right places; that 
 the sharpshooters, as he suggests, be not kept at work 
 on the trip-hammers of the steel mills, while expert 
 machine men are sent to the firing line. Registra- 
 tion will disclose just where every man belongs, and 
 it will then be for the manager to pick his war men 
 and his farm men and his shop men and his factory 
 men, and to keep them all working in unison. It 
 is a good thing for a chief executive to be familiar 
 with the terms of the people's sports, for he can 
 speak to them in the language that they most quick- 
 ly and clearly understand. 
 
 42 
 
PK'K THE WORK YOU ARE WILLING TO UNDERTAKE. 
 
 Take inventory of yourself, both mental and 
 physical. Find that niche in which you fit, and 
 then devote every atom of your brain and physique 
 in answering the individual call which comes to 
 YOU. 
 
 This is what many men and women already 
 are doing. 
 
 Some of the men are already with their 
 regiments; others, in co-operation, are giving their 
 time and thought to the needs of the hour; others 
 are sticking to the job at hand, doing double duty 
 as they shoulder the work of those otherwise oc- 
 cupied. It is not enough, however, for some of us 
 to do our duty. Each of us must do something, 
 all of us must pull together. 
 
 if you are a manufacturer, or his employee, try 
 to make two articles where you have made one. 
 
 He who shrinks his job now, be it producing 
 gum shoes or gun carriages, is as much a slacker as 
 the man with every qualification and no dependents 
 who refuses to enlist. 
 
 Be efficient in what you are doing NOW. It 
 will train you to FIND YOUR PLACE and to rec- 
 ognize the call when it comes to go wherever it 
 may send you. 
 
 Remember that Uncle Sam has a job for every- 
 one, and while the heroes of the war may wear 
 uniforms, there is a force at home as vital to victory 
 as those who control the triggers. 
 
 43 
 
WHAT WAR REQUIRES OF EVERY AMERICAN CITIZEN, 
 
 WHAT PATRIOTIC CITIZENS CAN DO 
 
 ^'A nation cannot be readjusted to war conditions within a perilously 
 long period unless there is at the beginning a willing spirit on the part 
 of all its citizenship." Here are some suggestions designed for the guidance 
 of those who seek to be of patriotic service, which is just now the highest 
 form of "social service." 
 
 In practically every community active indication of willingness to 
 serve as needed will be met by opportunity if the wish is made known. 
 "If you cannot do at first the larger thing for which you are best fitted, 
 do the smaller thing that is at hand." Some of the things that may be 
 done in groups are : 
 
 WHAT THE MEN CAN DO 
 
 1. Enlist for military or naval serv- 
 ice. 
 
 2. Observe personal and honsehold 
 eoononiy. 
 
 3. Join the Home Defense League if 
 there is one. 
 
 4. Iiicrease farm and garden acreage 
 of food crops. 
 
 5. Relate yourself to some established 
 organization if possible, thus avoiding 
 waste effort and duplication. 
 
 6. Maintain accustomed giving to 
 established benevolence. 
 
 7. Urge individuals in private con- 
 versation to be patriotic. 
 
 8. Help organize Eed Cross chapter 
 if tliere is none in community. 
 
 9. Cooperate in surveys under State 
 auspices to discover available resources. 
 
 10. Use influence to suppress cruelty 
 and animosities against innocent aliens. 
 
 11. Be willing to permit sons and 
 daughters to enlist where services are 
 most needed. 
 
 12. Rural pastors can well urge 
 
 farmers to plant all available space to 
 food crops. 
 
 13. Don't be slow to express your 
 loyal sentiments. Everybody is either 
 loyal or not loyal in a time like this. 
 
 1-1. Don't get overexcited, but, on the 
 other hand, don't be too anxious to sup- 
 press your enthusiasm. It helps others. 
 
 15. Volunteering in church work 
 wbere regular workers have either gone 
 to the war or are called to relief work. 
 
 16. City pastors can urge vacant-lot 
 gardening. Encourage the younger 
 boys and girls to ^^:ork in your vegetable 
 garden. 
 
 17. Don't give up recreations, but 
 keep them from interfering with your 
 service— this is serious business in 
 which we are involved. 
 
 18. Keep your flag displayed from 
 daylight till sunset — but don't let it 
 become bedraggled. The flag is what 
 you help to make it. 
 
 19. If you volunteer, whether in the 
 military arm or elsewhere, plan to do 
 some religious work conducted along 
 
 with the Army and Navy. 
 
 — From the Chicago Continent. 
 
 44 
 
II()\\ WOMEN AND CHILDREN CAN "DO TIIEIK BIT. 
 
 WHAT THE WOMEN CAN DO 
 
 1. Home nursing, particularly among 
 the families of wage-earning parents, 
 where tlie father has enlisted and where 
 the mother must provide. 
 
 2. If there are no organization'* 
 formed or forming in your community 
 write William Matlier Lewis, secretary, 
 National Committee of Patriotic and 
 Defense Societies, Southern Building, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 3. Caring for children of homes 
 where the father is a soldier and the 
 mother is compelled to go out to work. 
 This would mean an individual child, 
 or several children in a group under 
 care of one or more women each day 
 of the week. 
 
 4. Help the Boy Scouts (and Cam])- 
 tire Girls) in the work they may prop- 
 erly do. The boys may be utilized in 
 assisting surgical dressing committees, 
 
 motor (oniMiittees, by acting as order- 
 lies in motor ambulances or supply 
 trucks, distributing notices to inhabi- 
 tants, and other duties in connection 
 \.ith billeting and carrying communi- 
 cations on bicycles, motorcycles, horse- 
 back, or on foot; assisting committees 
 on foods, by collecting information as 
 to supplies, preparing (piarters for this 
 service, assisting in collecting, prepar- 
 ing, and serving food and refreshments 
 to sick and wounded soldiers; assisting 
 first-aid committees in the preparation 
 of (juarters, as aids in first-aid work, 
 and as assistants at dispensaries; act- 
 ing with information committees, as 
 guides, orderlies, clerks, collectors of 
 information, as to public or private hos- 
 pitals available, buildings available in 
 case of emergency, location of public 
 telephones, listing of automobiles, 
 trucks, etc. 
 
 WHAT EVERYONE SHOULD HELP TO DO 
 
 1. Teach chiklren to make bandages 
 and surgical dressings. 
 
 2. Cultivate vacant land in city or 
 country. Increase your garden space. 
 
 3. Don't waste — paper, linen, leather, 
 metals, etc. 
 
 4. Provide writing materials — pads, 
 stamped envelopes, pencils — to be sent 
 to the soldiers at their various stations. 
 
 5. If you are near a training camp 
 see that religious and social needs are 
 being provided for. Almost invariably 
 ihe best method is to offer your help 
 to the Y. M. C. A. Your money may 
 be more needed than your personal serv- 
 ices. Invite the recruits to your 
 churches. Cooperate in suppressing sa- 
 loons and vice resorts near camps. 
 
 6. Make it possible for good preachers 
 to go as chaplains, to visit army camps, 
 or to give series of talks to soldiers. 
 
 7. Women's societies should follow 
 suggestions of Red Cross and organize 
 groups for training, making supplies, 
 etc. 
 
 ^8. Keep a careful record ofyourmem- 
 bers who enlist. Follow them with let- 
 ters and encourage them in any way 
 possible. Do not help them to mag- 
 nify their discomforts, but applaud their 
 endurance. 
 
 9. Organize groups of women or 
 young folks to collect magazines and 
 books for use in the Y. M. C. A. work 
 in the Army. Such papers could be 
 ^ent by the society taking up the mat- 
 ter, and arrangements should be made 
 for a regular service — not a sporadic 
 one, as is so likely to be the case. 
 In addition to these things — 
 
 1. Pray for the President and his ad- 
 visers. 
 
 2. Stand firm for international right- 
 eousness. 
 
 3. Urge young men to enlist in the 
 Army and Navy. 
 
 4. Think kindly and hopefully of the 
 nation's enemies. 
 
 5. Pray for our country and the 
 v/orld — for peace and righteousness to 
 bless all mankind. 
 
 45 
 
WHAT TREASON TO THE U. S. IS 
 
 Proclamation by President Wilson. 
 
 "Whereas all persons in tlie United States, citizens as well as aliens, should be 
 informed of the penalties which they will incur for any failure to bear true allegiance 
 to the United States ; 
 
 "Now, therefore, I, Woodrow AA^'ilson, President of the United States, hereby 
 issue this proclamation to call especial attention to the following provision of the 
 Constitution and the laws of the United States : 
 
 "Section 3 to iVrticle III of the Constitution provides, in part — 'Treason 
 against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in 
 adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.' 
 
 "The criminal code of the United States provides : 
 
 "'Section 1. Whoever, owing allegiance to the United States, levies war 
 against them or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort within the 
 United States or elsewhere, is guilty of treason. 
 
 Death Penalty is Provided. 
 
 "'Section 2. Whoever is convicted of treason shall suffer death; or, at the 
 discretion of the court, shall be imprisoned not less than iive years, and fined 
 not less than $10,000, to be levied on and collected out of any or all of his property, 
 real and personal, of which he was the owner at the time of committing such 
 treason, any sale or conveyance to the contrary notwithstanding; and every person 
 so convicted of treason shall, moreover, be incapable of holding any office under 
 the United States. 
 
 " 'Section 3. Whoever, owing allegiance to the United States and having 
 knowledge of the commission of any treason against them, conceals and does not, 
 as soon as may be, disclose and make known the same to the President or to some 
 judge of the United States, or to the governor, or to some judge or justice of a 
 particular State, is guilty of misprision of treason, and shall be imprisoned not 
 more than seven years and fined not more than $1,000. 
 
 " 'Section 6. If two or more persons in any State or territory, or in any place 
 subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, conspire to overthrow, put down or 
 to destroy by force the Government of the United States, or to levy war against 
 them, or to oppose by force the authority thereof, or by force to prevent, hinder 
 or delay the execution of any law of the United States, or by force to seize, take or 
 possess any property of the United States contrary to the authority thereof, they 
 shall each be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than six years, 
 or both.' 
 
 What Are Treasonable Acts. 
 
 "The courts of the United States have stated the following acts to be 
 treasonable : 
 
 "The use or attempted use of any force or violence against the government 
 of the United States or its military or naval forces ; 
 
 "The acquisition, use or disposal of any property with knowledge that it is 
 to be, or with intent that it shall be, of assistance to the enemy in their hostilities 
 against the United States ; 
 
 "The performance of any act or the publication of statements or information 
 which will give or supply, in any way, aid and comfort to the enemies of the 
 United States; 
 
 "The direction, aiding, counseling or countenancing of any of the foregoing 
 acts. 
 
 "Such acts are held to be treasonable whether committed within the United 
 
 46 
 
THE FATE OF THE SPY 
 
 States or elsewhere; whether committed by a citizen of the L'nited States or by 
 an alien domiciled, or residing, in the United States, inasmuch as resident aliens, 
 as well as citizens, owe allegiance to the United States and its laws. 
 
 ''Any such citizen or alien who has knowledge of the commission of such 
 acts, and conceals and does not make known the facts to the officials named in 
 Section 3 of the penal code, is guilty of misprision of treason. 
 
 '•And I hereby proclaim and warn all citizens of the United States, and all 
 aliens owing allegiance to the government of the United States, to abstain from 
 committing any and all acts which would constitute a violation of anv of the laws 
 herein set forth; and I further proclaim and warn all persons who "may commit 
 such acts that they will be vigorously ])rosecutod therefor. 
 
 "In witness whereof I have hereunto set mv hand and caused the seal of 
 the United States to be affixed 
 "Done at the city of Washington this sixteenth day of April, in the year of our 
 
 Lord one thousand nine hundred and seventeen, and of the independence 
 
 of the United States of America the one hundred and forty-first. 
 
 WooDROw Wilson. 
 
 "By the President, 
 "liOBKRT La\si\g. Secretary of State." 
 
 Photo by Brown Bros. 
 
 THE FATE OF A SPY. 
 
 47 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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