.CtM 
 
/ 
 
ANNALS 
 
 TOWN or coNCozm, 
 
 IS THE COUXTT OF ^CERRmACK, ASO STATE OF SEW-HAMPSHIRE, 
 
 FROM ITS FTRST SETTLEMiST, E\ THZ YEAR 17J6. 
 TO THE YEAR 18». 
 
 WITH SEVERAt BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED, 
 
 n iHctnoir of tlic ^nacwik i:n^i5n.5. 
 
 " >8 § » « »' 
 
 BY JACOB B. 310 ORE. 
 
 '^ Let ns read, and re«onect,«ndunpre»B>on oar «Bk, tke TievsaMd e»*ir«0ftre> 
 athen. in«ci^?u^*eirnaiiTee«ma,yte»ireMT,iBfcB,KaUe»aien»e*BeeoB« 
 tfcar unizms fomtude, tbeir Utter niferi^ I *e Iwiger. iteMfasd.ea, ite e-Id. ,fc^ 
 tk^ partly endued ! the se,«* lata, rf eie.riBf d«r p^^k^^ ttoi^ 
 >«1 r««BgAe«pn,Ti,k», ai«ktadMige«fett,adl««s«i«,,^^^_^^;^ 
 
 CONCORD : 
 
 PUBLISHED BT JACOB B. MOORE. 
 
 1824. 
 
suit tl JU»*««*5WW' 
 
Whe5 the compflation af the fdlowmg bnef no- 
 tices was undertaken, the writer had no other inten- 
 tion than to preserve the facts which he might ob- 
 tain for his own particular use and amusement.— 
 But on examination, many things of an interesting 
 nature were found minded with the concerns of 
 the town- which it was conceived might be usefiol 
 and entertaining to the inhabitants. The circ4im- 
 stances attending the first settlement, the hardships 
 endured by the settlers, and tiieir frequent expo- 
 sure to Indian warfare ; the massacre by the In- 
 dians, and their depredations upon the property of. 
 the inhabitants ; and the tedious and perplexing 
 controversy with the proprietors of Bow— were all 
 deemed subjects of suf&cient importance to interest 
 the people of this town. The generation to whom 
 these things were familiar, is rapidly passing away; 
 and there will ere long be no one. from whom 
 these particulars could be collected. Even at this 
 time, great difficulty has been encountered in con- 
 necting the series of events, and reconciling con- 
 tradictory accounts. The want of records, for sev- 
 eral vears, and the deficiency of a portion of those 
 we have, were also evils not to be remedied but 
 by unwearied search and inquiry among the most 
 intelligent aged people of the town. The writer 
 
U PREFACE. 
 
 has devoted much time to the collection of the ma- 
 terials here embodied ; and though, from the nature 
 of things, and his own inabihty to give the narrative 
 any original attractions, he must be aware that er- 
 rors and deficiencies may be discovered — it is be- 
 lieved the good citizens of Concord will find some 
 things, embraced in the following pages, worthy of 
 perusal and of preservation. 
 
 For the memoir of the tribe of Indians, who 
 once inhabited this town and vicinity, the writer 
 acknowledges his obligations to John Farmer, Esq. 
 of this town. To the politeness of Charles Wal- 
 ker, and Francis N. Fisk, Esquires, and the Rev. 
 Dr. M'Farland, he is also indebted for the use of 
 sundry records and papers in their possession, which 
 have been of great service to him. And to the aged 
 citizens generally who have cheerfully aided him 
 in completing this task, would he present the most 
 hearty thanks, with the hope that what they have 
 helped to accomplish, will not be found so wholly 
 uninteresting as to be deemed unworthy of preser- 
 vation. 
 
 March 1, 1824. 
 
 ■-.-Si 
 
ANNAZiS OF CONCORD. 
 
 •>M»«9*4«^ 
 
 Concord, the seat of the state government, and 
 shire town of the county of Merrimack, New- 
 Hampshire, is pleasantly situated on both sides of 
 Merrimack river, in latitude 43° 12' N. ; 45 miles 
 N. 72r W. of Portsmouth, 62 miles N. 22° W. of 
 Boston, and 500 miles from Washington-City. It was 
 originally known by the name of Penacook, from 
 that of the tribe of Indians who once inhabited the 
 vicinity. It is bounded on the north-west by Can- 
 terbury and Boscawen, north-east by Loudon and 
 Chichester, south-east by Pembroke and Bow, and 
 south-west by Hopkinton : comprising an area of 
 40,919 acres. 
 
 As the principal design of this little work is to 
 present in a summary view the most interesting 
 circumstances which can now be collected in rela- 
 tion to the history of Concord, further notice of its 
 local situation, topography, &c. will be omitted in 
 this place. 
 
 In the settlement of new lands, emigrants have 
 generally been careful to select such as were fer- 
 tile, and well situated for their various pursuits. 
 Hence alluvial valleys and the borders of rivers are 
 sooner settled than the highlands, which, though 
 often as productive, are less easy of cultivation. 
 The Indians were not less sagacious in this partic- 
 ular than the Avhites, for we find near our principal 
 rivers, remains of their fortifications, and other 
 memorials of their residence there. The intervals 
 situated on the river Merrimack early attracted 
 notice ; and several parties, desirous of commencing 
 new settlements, surveyed the lands a great dis- 
 tance from its mouth. 
 
O ANNALS or CONCORD. 
 
 About the year 1720, Captain Ebemzer East- 
 man and several others, from Haverhill, Mass. ex- 
 plored the lands in this vicinity, and noticing the 
 richness of the intei-vals, resolved to procure a 
 grant and commence a settlement. Accordingly, 
 at the session of the " General Court of the Prov- 
 ince of the Massachusetts Bay," assembled at Bos- 
 ton in May, 1721, a petition was presented for a 
 tract of land " situated on the river Merry make, at 
 the lower end of Penacook," to contain about eight 
 miles square. The petitioners were unsuccessful 
 in their application until 1725; the governor dis- 
 senting from all proceedings of the legislature, 
 though they twice "allowed the petition," in 1721 
 and 1722, and in 1724 appointed a committee to 
 view the lands. In the beginning of the year 1725, 
 upon the petition of Benjamin Stevens, Ebenezer 
 Eastman and others, in behalf of the intended set- 
 tlers, a tract of land of about seven miles square 
 was appropriated for a township, by the govern- 
 ment of Massachusetts. The conditions of the 
 grant were, that the tract should be divided into 
 one hundred and three equal shares or lots ; that 
 one hundred families should settle thereon within 
 the space of three years ; that each settler should 
 build a good dwelling-house, " comfortably to re- 
 ceive and entertain his family," and break up and 
 fence in six acres of land for a home lot, within 
 the term aforesaid; that the houses should be 
 
 1725. Jan. 18. At a meeting of tlu committee of tlie general court of Mas- 
 sachusetts, for bringing forward the settlement of a place called Penacook, on eacli 
 side of Merrimack river, to begin where Contaocook empties itself into the Mer- 
 rimack— present William Tailor, Elisha Cooke, William Dudley, John Wain- 
 wright. Captain John Shapleigh, John Sanders, Eleazar Tyng, and Mr. Joseph 
 Wilder— reach admitted settler paid the committee 20s. 
 
 Feb. 7. "Voted that the settlers shall well and truly fulfil the conditions and or- 
 ders of the general court. And for the eftectual accomplishing the same, it is agreed 
 and resolved, that such and so many of the intended settlers as shall fail of fallowing, 
 fencing or clearing one acre of land within twelve months from the first of June 
 next, shall each of them forfeit and pay the community or settlers, £5, to be appro- 
 priated by them to their own benefit."— Pro. Records. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 7 
 
 erected within twenty rods of each other on the 
 home lots, and in a regular and defensible manner; 
 and that a convenient house for the public worship 
 of God should be completely finished within the 
 time first mentioned. Each settler was to pay the 
 province £5 for his right; and as soon as one hun- 
 dred were admitted settlers, they were empowered 
 to hold proprietary meetings for the transaction of 
 the business of the settlement. The remaining 
 three rights were reserved, one for the first settled 
 minister, one for a parsonage, and one for " the use 
 of the school forever."* The requisite number of 
 settlers having been admitted, a meeting was 
 holden at Haverhill, on the 7th of February, 1725, 
 when the following, among other regulations, was 
 adopted by the proprietors : 
 
 " Agreed and resolved^ That no alienation on any 
 " lot shall be made without the consent of the com- 
 " munity. And if any of the intended settler or 
 " settlers shall alienate his or their lots or settle- 
 " ments to any person or persons, without the con- 
 " sent of the community first had and obtained, such 
 " sale shall be declared void of itself, and the 
 " settler that shall so pretend to alienate his lot, 
 " shall forfeit the same to the community."t 
 
 The object of this regulation undoubtedly was 
 to exclude Irish settlers, against whom a strong 
 national prejudice existed, heightened perhaps 
 by zeal in differing religious opinions. There 
 is another evidence of this in the last petition, 
 
 1726. At a meeting of the "intended settlers," at Andover, Feb. 8, it was agreed 
 and voted that a block house of 25 feet in breadth and 40 feet in length be built at 
 Penacook, forihe security of the settlers. 
 
 — - June 28. Mr. Agent Dumtner, at London, was instructed, as it was ap- 
 prehended by the government of Massachusetts, that New-Hampshire might send 
 home a complaint against the grant of Penacook lately made, to take care and an- 
 swer any complaint; and he was furnished with the necessary papers.— Jlfasj. 
 Records. 
 
 * See Appendix No. I. 
 
 t For the names of the original proprietors, see Appendix No. U. 
 
8 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 by Stevens and others : They state, " that ma- 
 " ny applications have been made to the govern- 
 " ment of New-Hampshire for a grant of tlie said 
 " land, (at Penacook) which, though it be the im- 
 " doubted right and property of this province ; yet 
 " it is highly probable that a parcel of Irish people 
 " will obtain a grant from New-Hampshire for it, 
 " unless some speedy care be taken by this great 
 " and honorable court to prevent it."* 
 
 In May, 1726, a committee appointed by the 
 government of Massachusetts, with surveyors, 
 chainmen, and a number of the admitted settlers 
 attending them, " proceeded to Penacook, and laid 
 out 103 home lots or divisions on the river, in equal 
 proportion, according to the quantity and quality, 
 as near as the land would admit thereof, agreeably 
 to the order and direction of the great and general 
 courf't This year considerable progress was made 
 
 *The jealousy prevalent at this period of the encroachments of settlers upon un- 
 appropriated lands, is also evinced in the following order of the general court of 
 Massachusetts, relative to the settlers of Nutfield, [Londonderry] passed Dec. 1, 
 
 1720: 
 
 " Whereas it appears that several familys lately arrived from Ireland, and others 
 from this province, have presumed to make a settlement upon lands belonging to 
 this province, lying westward of the town of Haverhill, (which they call Nutfield) 
 without any leave or grant obtained from this court : Resolued^ that the said people 
 he warned to move oflf from said lands, within the space of seven months, and if 
 they fail to do so, that they be prosecuted by the Attorney-General by writts of tres- 
 pass and ejectment." 
 
 + Extracts from the journal kepi by John TVainwright, one of the committee. 
 
 May 12, 1726. The committee left Haverhill, and proceeded as far as Amos- 
 keag. 
 
 I3th. " This morning we proceeded on our journey — very hilly and mountain- 
 ous land. About 3 o'clock we passed by a fall called Annahookline, [Hooksett] in 
 Merrimack river, which is taken from a hill of the same name. About 10 er 11 
 o'clock, we forded Suncook river, which is a rapiil stream, and many loose stones 
 of some considerable bignesse in it, making it difficult to pass. About 1 o'clock 
 we passed Penacook river, [Soucook] pretty deep and very rocky. In a short time 
 after, we came up as far as Penacook falls, [Garven's] and steered our course north 
 over a Invge pitch pine plain, three miles at least in length, and about 5 o'clock af- 
 ternoon arrived at Penacook, and encamped on a piece of intervale called Sugar- 
 Ball plain, from a very large head or hill called Sugar-Ball hill, whereon was the 
 first Indian fort, as we were informed, which the Indians in old times built to defend 
 themselves against the Mnquois [Mohawks] and others their enemies. This Sugar- 
 Ball plain is a pretty large tract of land encompassed on all parts with very high 
 and mountainous land, as steep as the roof of an house ordinarily — only where 
 t'lie river runs round it, which encompasses the other parts of it. It is altogether 
 impracticable for a team or even liorse-cartto get on the plain, the land is so moun- 
 tainous round it; and there is no spring on it as we could find." 
 
 lAth " About 12 o'clock this day, Messrs. Nathaniel Weare, Richard Waldron. 
 jun. and Tlie.odore Atkinson, a counnittee appointed by the governor and council of 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 9 
 
 in the settlement, about fifty persons being em- 
 ployed during the warmer season. A new path 
 was cut through the woods from Haverhill to Pen- 
 acook, by the way of Chester, some portion of the 
 distance on the same route now travelled. The 
 same year the building of a block-house, for the 
 defence of the plantation, and also to serve for a 
 place of public worship, was commenced — to be 
 ^5 feet in breadth and 40 in lensjth. 
 
 New-Hampshire,came up to our camp, (being attended with about lialf a score Irish- 
 men, who kept at some distance from the camp) and acquainted us that the govern- 
 ment of New-Hampshire, being informed of our business here, had sent them tude- 
 sire us that we would not proceed in appropriating these lands to any private or par- 
 ticular persons, for that they lay in their government ; and our government's making 
 a grant might be attended with very ill consequences to the settlers, when it ap- 
 peared that the lands fell in the N. H. government. And then they delivered 
 a copy of an order passed by his honour the lieutenant governor and council of 
 New-Hampshire respecting tlie settling of the lands at Penacook.to which we refer. 
 We made them answer, that the government of the Massachusetts Bay had sent us 
 to lay out the lands here into a townsliip; that they had made a grant of it to some 
 particular men, and that we should proceed to do the business we were come upon, 
 and made no doubt but our government would be always ready to support and justifie 
 their own grams; and that it was the business of the publick, and not ours, to en- 
 gage in, in order to determine any controversy about the lands. We sent our sa- 
 lutes to the lieutenant governor of New-Hampshire, and the gentlemen took their 
 leaves of us, and set homewards this afternoon." 
 
 I5th. "Sunday. — Mr. Enoch Coffin, our chaplain, performed divine service 
 both parts of the day." 
 
 \6ih. "At sunrise this morning, according to notification, we chose a represent- 
 ative, new. con. viz. Mr. John Sanders." 
 
 ISih. " It may be observed, that divers rattlesnakes were killed by the several 
 surveying companies, but, thanks be to God, nobody received any hurt from 
 them." 
 
 The committee in their report, (Jwrtc, 1 726) say, — " In May last, we proceeded 
 to the place, in order to lay out the whole township, and the lots directed in the 
 order of the General Court, beginning at the mouth of Contoocook river, where that 
 joins Merrimack river, and thence run a line east seventeen degrees south four 
 miles, and so at right angles at the extremes of each of the aforesaid lines, seven 
 miles southerly each, and thence from the termination of the seven miles which 
 completes the grant and is according thereto ; and upon view and strict survey of 
 the lands on the east side of Merrimack, we find that there is little or no water, 
 the land near the river extremely mountainous and almost impassable, and very 
 unfit for and uncapable of receiving fifty families, as the court has ordered ; more 
 especially considering that near the centre of the town on the east side of the river 
 Merrimack, the Hon. Samuel Sewall, Esq. has a farm of five hundred acres of good 
 land, formerly granted by this court, and laid out by Gov. Endicott. The commit- 
 tee, therefore, with submi-ssion to the honorable General Court, tliought it advisable 
 and accordingly have laid out one hundred and three lots of land for settlements, oh 
 the wei^side contiguous to each other, regularlj', and in a defensible manner, as by 
 the plot of theirs, and of the whole grant (which is hereby presented) will 
 appear; and inasmuch as the generality of the land answers not the grantees' ex- 
 pectation, and five hi«g|red acres laid out as aforesaid, humbly offer, that the 
 like number of acres of the unappropriated lands adjacent to the township, 
 may be made to the settlers as an equivalent therefor." The government of Mas- 
 sachusetts thereupon empowered the grantees to make settlements on th« westerlj 
 side of the river at pleasure. 
 
10 ANiVALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 Tlie Indians who at this time inhabited the vi- 
 cinit}, were on terms of amity with the whites. 
 During the winter of this year, two or three per- 
 sons only resided in the block-house at Penacook. 
 The snow was very deep, the cold unusually severe, 
 and their provisions m ere insufficient to support 
 them through the season. The Indians saw 
 their situation, and as soon as possible journeyed 
 to Haverhill. They there called on the proprie- 
 tors, and represented to them the situation of the 
 families, very seriously observing that they would 
 soon come upon the totvn, unless they were assisted ! 
 A sleigh with stores soon after arrived at Penacook, 
 and rescued them from starvation. 
 
 On the 20th May, 1727, the government of New- 
 Hampshire made a grant to Jonathan Wiggin and 
 others of the tract comprised within the following 
 bounds, viz : •' beginning on the S. E. side of the 
 town of Chichester, and running nine miles by Chi- 
 chester and Canterbury, and carrying that breadth 
 of nine miles from each of the aforesaid towns 
 S. W. until the full complement of eighty-one square 
 miles are fully made up." This grant, covering the 
 greater part both of Concord and Pembroke, and a 
 part of Hopkinton, gave rise to a serious controver- 
 sy between the claimants under each grant, which 
 was continued in law for several years, and was not 
 finally settled until 1762. 
 
 During the year 1727, the block-house was finish- 
 ed ; considerable quantities of corn and hay were 
 gathered, and the wilderness reduced to some de- 
 
 1726. Dec. 20. The memorial of the Penacook settlers was piesented, respecting 
 500 acres of land on the E. side of the river, formerly granted to Gov. Endicott, 
 and praying for land instead thereof on the W. Voted unanimously to grant 500 
 acres on the west side. This grant was confirmed by governor Burnet, Aug. 6, 
 1728. — Mass. Records. 
 
 1727. March G. Messrs. Joseph Hall and John Pecker were "empowered to 
 to agree with a minister to preach at Penacook the year ensuing, to begin the ser- 
 
 •vice from the fifteenth of May next. The said committee are directed to act with 
 all prudence, and not assure the gentleman more than after the rate of £100 per 
 ^nnum for his service."— Pro;?. Records. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 11 
 
 o-ree of cultivation. Several dwellings had previ- 
 ously been erected ; and in the fall of this year the 
 first family, that of Ebenezer Eastman, moved into 
 the place.* 
 
 Aug. 6, 1728, the government of Massachusetts^ 
 in consideration of a grant of 500 acres of land, 
 formerly made to governor Endicott, wliich fell 
 within the boundaries of Penacook, and was claim- 
 ed by the heirs of judge Sewall, empowered the 
 proprietors " by a surveyor and chainmen on oath, 
 to extend the south bounds of the township one 
 hundred rods the full breadth of their to\\Ti, as an 
 equivalent." 
 
 Considerable improvements were made in the 
 settlements in 1729 ; saw and gristmills were erec- 
 ted by Nathan Simonds, with the assistance of the 
 proprietors ; and a ferry was established for the 
 convenience of the settlers.t A substantial fence 
 was this year built for the first time to enclose the 
 interval on the river, "at the common charge." A 
 
 1728. On the 15th of February this year, the first child was born at Penacook — 
 Dorcas, a daughter of Edward and Dorcas Abbot : she died Sept. 28, 1797. The 
 first male ciiild was Edward, son of the same parents, born Dec. 27, 1730: he died 
 in Sept. 1801. John Hoit, the second male, was born Se|it. 10, 1732 — and married 
 a sister of Dr. Carter, Jan. 2, 1755. The elder Mr. Hoit was of Amesbury, Ms. 
 
 1729. Sept. 4. The proprietors and inhabitants of Penacook petitioned the gen- 
 eral court of Massachusetts for the privileges of a town ; but no proceedings were 
 had. March 6, 1730, the same petition was renewed, and referred to the consider- 
 ation of a committee ; but no measures were adopted. 
 
 * Jacob Shute drove Eastman's team, the first that had crossed the wilderness 
 from Haverhill to Penacook. Shute's father was a native of France, and upon the 
 revocation of tlie Edict of Nantz by Lewis XIV. fled into Ireland. His children 
 emigrated to this country. 
 
 Tliougi; Eastman's was the first family of settleis, it is believed there were sev- 
 eral individuals who settled previously. Dr. Rolfe wastiie first settler, and resided 
 near the residence of the late captain Emery. He was father of Benjamin Rolfe, 
 Esq. The second settler was Richard Uran, afterwards of Newbury. They passed 
 the winter of 1726 at Penacook, living mostly upon the fruits of the wilderness and 
 the charities of the Indians. 
 
 t The gristmill stood near the present site of the factory of Messrs. I. & J. East- 
 man, on the east side of the river ; the saw-mill about half a mile above, on the 
 same stream. The mill-crank was brought upon a liorse from Haverhill. Soon 
 after commencing operations, it was broken. How to remedy the evil they knew 
 not, as there was no blacksmith nearer than Haverhill. But necessity is the mother 
 of invention. They collectetl together a quantity of pitch knots, fastened the 
 crank with beetle-rings and wedges, and succeeded in their attempt to weld the dig- 
 jointed parts The crank was afterwards used for many years 
 
12 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 plank floor was also laid in the " meeting-house," 
 or fort ; and the road from Penacook to Haverhill, 
 was altered and improved under the direction of 
 Messrs. Ebenezer Eastman and John Chandler. 
 
 The settlers of Penacook, like those of all the 
 older towns, strictly observed the religious institu- 
 tions of their fathers. Mr. Enoch Coffin, of New- 
 bury, Mass. accompanied them on their first visits 
 to the new lands, and other clergymen occasionally 
 preached to them.* Measures were this year taken 
 to provide for the settlement of a minister ; and at 
 a meeting of the settlers in October, it was "voted 
 that every proprietor or intended settler of Pena- 
 cook should forthAvith pay or cause to be paid into 
 the hands of the treasurer the sum of 20*. towards 
 the support of an orthodox minister to preach at 
 Penacook aforesaid, the same to be paid in propor- 
 tion to the preaching." At a previous meeting, 
 they had appointed Deacon John Osgood, Messrs. 
 John Pecker, John Chandler, Ebenezer Eastman, 
 Nathan Symonds, William Barker and Joseph Hall 
 " to ca//t and agree with some suitable person to 
 be minister of the town of Penacook ;" and at the 
 same meeting agreed to pay a salary of £lOO law- 
 ful money per annum to their minister when set- 
 tled-t 
 
 * At a meeting of the proprietors, at Bradford, Marcli 12, 1728, they voted to pay 
 Mr. Bezaliel Toppan 30s. " for preaching and performing divine service at Pena- 
 cook." j£4 was also voted to the heirs of Rev. Enoch Coffin, deceased, for like ser- 
 tices. Mr. Enoch Coffin, the first preacher in Concord, was born in Newhury, 
 Feb. 7, 1695, and died Aug. 7, 1727. He was second son of the honorable 
 Nathaniel Coffin, and graduated at Harvard College. Nathaniel was son of 
 Tristram Coffin, of Newbury, whose father Tristram Coffin was son of Peter Coffin, 
 of Brixton parish, 4 miles from Plymouth in Plympton hundred, and who came to 
 New England in 1642, and brought with him his mother, two sisters, and four chil- 
 dren. 
 
 i The mode of calling and maintaining ministers in congregational societies, 
 originated in an act passed during the reign of William and Mary, approved June 
 »,U9Z.—Act IV. William &f Mary. 
 
 X At the meeting of the grantees and settlers, October 14, 1730, it was " Vottd, 
 that Mr. Timothy Walker shall have £100 for the year ensuing, and then rise 401-. 
 per annum, till it comes to £120, and that to be the stated sum annually tor his 
 salary, during his continuance in the ministry, together with the parsonage so long 
 as he carries on the whole work of the ministry. Provided, and it is hereby to be 
 understood, any thing to the contrary above mentioned notwithstanding, that if Mr. 
 Walker, by extreme old age, shall be disenabled from carrying on the whole ^wor^ 
 of the ministry, that he shall abate so much of his salary as shall be rational." 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 13 
 
 The inhabitants, at a meeting in March, 1730, 
 instructed the committee before named to invite 
 Mr. Timothy Walker, a graduate of Cambridge, 
 who had just finished his theological studies, to 
 settle with them. On the 14th of October, the 
 proprietors renewed this invitation ; and established 
 the salary for the year ensuing at £100, to be in- 
 creased £2 yearly until it should amount to £120 
 per annum, which, together with the use of the 
 parsonage, should thereafter constitute the emolu- 
 ments of their minister. £lOO were also voted as 
 a settlement. To the invitation of the people, 
 Mr. Walker returned the following answer : 
 
 ''Penacook, Oct. 14, 1730. 
 
 " To THE ADMITTED SETTLERS OR GRANTEES OF PeNA- 
 
 COOK. 
 
 " Whereas formerly by a committee you have 
 invited me to settle in the ministry in the said 
 township ; upon which invitation I have advised 
 with learned, pious and judicious divines in the 
 ministry, Avho have jointly advised me to take up 
 with your invitation, provided you vote a sufficient 
 maintenance for me ; and you having this day re- 
 newed your invitation to me, and done what satis- 
 fies me upon the account of salary ; — I therefore, 
 being deeply sensible of the importance of the 
 charge, and my own insufficiency to discharge the 
 duties of the same, do accept your call, humbly 
 relying upon the all-sufficient grace of God, which 
 alone can enable me suitably to discharge the same, 
 earnestly desiring your prayers, as well as all oth- 
 ers of God's people, that such plentiful measures 
 of His grace may be affiarded to me, as may en- 
 able me to discharge the duties of so sacred a 
 function, to his acceptance and your edification ; 
 
 1730. Oct. 14.— Voted, that Mr. Cutting Noyes have fifty acres of land in the 
 township of Penacook— provided the said Noyes shall do the blacksmith's work of 
 the town ftom the date hereof.— Prop. Records 
 
 3 
 
14 ANNALS OF CONCORB, 
 
 that so both you and I may rejoice together in the 
 day of the Lord Jesus. 
 
 TIMOTHY WALKER." 
 
 The ordination of Rev. Mr. Walker took place 
 on the 18th of November following. The sermon 
 was delivered by the Rev. John Barnard * of An- 
 dover, Mass. ; charge by Rev. Samuel Phillips, of 
 Andover ; and right hand of fellowship by the 
 Rev. John Brown, of Haverhill. The church was 
 composed of sober and industrious inhabitants ; 
 and during the whole course of Mr. Walker's min- 
 istry, we do not find that any dissentions or difficul- 
 ties arose. The people were united in interests 
 and feelings, were educated in the same principles, 
 and generally adopted like habits ; and perhaps all 
 strictly united in one mode of worship, and were 
 constant in the observance of religious ordinances. 
 
 The meeting-house was this year repaired ; and 
 the first burial-place in Concord located and en- 
 closed. The first bridge in the township was built 
 over Soucook river. By an order of the general 
 court of Massachusetts, founded upon a petition of 
 the proprietors, they were empowered to exercise 
 the privileges and immunitifss of a town in the as- 
 sessment and collection of taxes, &c. But from 
 some imperfection in the order itself, or some other 
 cause, it was not made use of. 
 
 Jan. 31st, 1731, the petition of the inhabitants, 
 &c. of Penacook was renewed, praying for town 
 privileges, and representing that there were then in 
 the settlement eighty families. February 1, a re- 
 port was made in favor of the petitioners, accepted, 
 and the act accordingly passed. 
 
 The first legal meetina: of " the inhabitants of 
 the plantation ' of Penacook," was holding at the 
 meeting-house, Jan. 11, 1732. Capt. Ebenezer 
 
 "There is lh\s peculiar circumstance in your settlement,that i< w in aplace,where 
 Satan, some years ago, had his seat, and the devil was wont to be Invocated by (or- 
 sa.kp.\i Salnnges : A Place which was the Rendezvous and Head Qwirten of our 
 Indian Enemies." — Barnard's Sermon, p. 29. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 15 
 
 Eastman was appointed moderator ; and the neces- 
 sary town officers were chosen •' to stand to tlie an- 
 niversary meeting in March" following. This 
 meeting was called by " Benjamin Roife, by order 
 of the General Court." In the afternoon of the 
 same day, after a notice for that purpose had been 
 issued b}^ the new authorities of Penacook, the in- 
 habitants voted to raise £1 10 for the support of the 
 ordained minister. At the next meeting, on the 6th 
 of March, besides choosing town officers, the in- 
 habitants vcj^d a bounty of 20s. for every wolf 
 " killed T^hin the township ;" also a bounty of 6d. 
 for killing rattle-snakes, " provided, that the des- 
 troyer of such snakes shall bring in a black 
 joint of the tail or with the tail to the selectmen, or 
 either of them." A penny w^as also voted " for 
 the encouragement of killing of black-birds within 
 the township for the year ensuing, the head being 
 brought to the selectmen or any of them,and burnty 
 The proprietors this year appropriated 100 acres, 
 including the privileges on Turkey river, to " any 
 suitable person who would build a grist mill." 
 
 In 1733, the "plantation of Penacook" was in- 
 corporated by the government of Massachusetts as 
 a town by the name of Rumford^ it being satisfacto- 
 rily ascertained, as set forth in the preamble to the 
 act, that " the plantation is competently filled with 
 inhabitants, who have built and finished a conven- 
 ient meeting-house for the public worship of God, 
 and sometime since have settled a learned ortho- 
 dox minister among them," &c. This name was 
 given from that of a parish in England. The town 
 at their several meetings this year, voted to give 
 Rev. Mr. Walker £50, for building him a dwelling- 
 house, provided that he gave the inhabitants and 
 freeholders a receipt in full for his salary until the 
 16th of January that year, in consequence of the 
 depreciation of money, it not being equal to silver 
 at 17*. the ounce. £30 were appropriated of the 
 monies in the town treasury for the purchase of am- 
 
1 4> 
 
 ANNA 1.3 OF CONCORD. 
 
 mumtion for the use pf the inhabitants. It appears 
 
 nos tioTof Tt"^'' entertained of the hostU^ dis! 
 position of the Indians, although no act of ajr^res- 
 s on had been committed. The sum of £l6 was 
 also voted for the support of a school duriL Jhe 
 winter and spring ensuing; and the selectmen were 
 empowered to provide a school. It was also voted 
 in town meeting that the selectmen should " find 
 books for the use of the inhabitants and freehold- 
 eis ot the town or plantation, on the town's cost 
 so far as they shall think necessary.'^ Mr. James 
 Scales afterwards minister at Hopkintoiiwas em- 
 ployed to teach the first school; and afte7him, Mr 
 Joseph Holt, of Andover, Mass. 
 
 From this period until 1739, the affairs of the 
 town continued to prosper with little interruption, 
 ^ome useful internal regulations were adopted-- 
 improvements on the lands were constantly mak- 
 ing—the meetmg-house was further repaired— md 
 increased attention Avas paid to the school. In 1735 
 also, a committee was appointed to i^etition ffov' 
 ernment for the establishment of a nev^ county 
 the county of Essex then comprehending all the 
 new grants made by Massachusetts north of Ha- 
 verhill. 
 
 1734. May 27.-" 20,. for each grown wolf," and " 1*. f„r each rattlesnake. ' 
 wh.sh should be killed this year, were voted. At a meeting holden the 14t'. Nov 
 of the same year, Capt. Ebenezer Eastman and Heniy Rolfe, Esq. were chosen to 
 petition the General Court for an order of said Court for raising of money for de- 
 frajhig the ministerial charge, and the other charges of this town for this year and 
 during the court's pleasure." 
 
 At the next town meeting, holden on the 2Sth day of Decemher,£no were raised 
 for said purpose. The town clerk was also empowered to •' ask and receive of 
 .To!m Wainwright.Esq. the clerk of the honorable committee of the Great and Gen- 
 eral Court, appointed to bring forward the setUementof the township, the book of 
 the proceedings of tlie said committee, and all the other papers belonging to the 
 town and proprietors," and to receipt for them. Wainwright had for several years 
 been clerk to the proprietors of Penacook. Some disagreement arising they ap- 
 pointed another in his stead, to whom he refused to deliver the records. Nor was 
 the matter compromised until Wainwright received from the proprietors an entire 
 lot of land in the new township-upon which he gave up the records to his succes- 
 sor. The grant was made June 19, 1734. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 17 
 
 In 1737, the controversy between Massachusetts 
 and New-Hampshire was heard before commission- 
 ers appointed by the Crown. Many attempts had 
 previously been made without success to settle it. 
 New-Hampshire took its name from grants made 
 by the council of Plymouth to Capt. John JMason. 
 Of these there had been four or five, all containing 
 more or less of the same lands. Exceptions be- 
 ing taken to all of them, the controversy had turn- 
 ed upon the construction of the Massachusetts 
 charters. At a hearing before the king in council, 
 in 1677, the agents of Massachusetts, by advice, 
 disclaimed jurisdiction beyond the three miles 
 north of Merrimack river specified in the original 
 charter — and it was determined they had right as 
 far as the river extended ; but how far it did ex- 
 tend was not expressly mentioned. It seems, how- 
 ever, not to have been doubted — and soon after the 
 government was transferred from Old England to 
 New, it was known by the name of Merrimack as 
 
 At the meeting March 11, 1734, the necessary town officers were chosen, and 
 some highway regulations adopted. The premiums on wolves and rattlesnakes 
 were continued. 
 
 1735. At a meeting of the " inhabitants and freeholders of the town of Rumford 
 on the 19th of May, 1735, it was put to vote by the moderator, whether they would 
 choose a representative or not, and it passed in the negative." Benjamin Rolfe, 
 Esq. was constituted attorney in behalf of the town to sue the treasurer, John 
 Chandler, for monies not paid over to the town. At the next meeting, holden on 
 the 22d Sept. of the same year, " about j£62 were raised for schooling and build- 
 ing part of a bridge over Soucook river," and defraying other expences of the town. 
 A committee was empowered to hire a school-master for four months "the next 
 winter and spring." 
 
 A meeting was called on the 10th of December of this year, and a committee ap« 
 pointed to superintend the building of the bridge over the Souco'-,k, and see that 
 the work was " done v/ell and faithfully." At the annual meeting hoiden March 
 9, this year, £50 v/ere granted Rev. Mr. Walker " to enable him to clear a pasture 
 and to bring it to English grass," 30Z. of which was to be paid in 1736, and the re- 
 mainmg 201. in 1737. 10*. bounty on wolves and the same sum on rattlesnakes, 
 coniinued. Henry Rolfe, E'^q. was " chosen and desired to assist and join with 
 others that are ur may hz chosen for to use proper means for to get the county of 
 Essex divided into two counties." The seats in the meeting-house were erdered to 
 !)£ repaired, a door made for the pulpit, and the windows put up. 
 
18 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 far as Penacook. If the original charter of Mas- 
 sachusetts had continued, it is not probable any dif- 
 ferent construction Avould ever have been started. 
 But in the new charter, the boundary was different- 
 ly expressed, and a construction was given which 
 made the line to commence 3 miles north of the 
 mouth of the Merrimack, and run west to the 
 South sea, or the other possessions of the King. 
 
 About this time, the government of Massachu- 
 setts made grants of several towns between Merri- 
 mack and Connecticut rivers — amongst the rest, 
 Penacook, &c. And the government of New- 
 Hampshire supposed that Massachusetts was taking 
 this step in order to strengthen their title by pos- 
 session. After some delay, commissioners were 
 appointed to settle the line, and met at Hampton, 
 N. H. on the 1st of August, 1737. Mr. Livingston 
 of New-York, presided. After many weeks spent 
 in hearing parties and evidence, and having doubts 
 whether the Massachusetts new charter compre- 
 hended the whole of the old colony, they made a 
 decree, with contingencies, subject to the determi- 
 nation of the King. The agents of both govern- 
 ments were active at the British court — and a pa- 
 tient hearing was had, though the judgment of the 
 commissioners was for some reason entirely laid 
 aside. It was determined there that the northern 
 boundaries of Massachusetts should be a line three 
 miles from the river as far as Pawtucket falls, 
 thence west to the New-York line.* 
 
 1736. At the annual meeting in March, the usual husiness was transacted, and 
 some improvements in highwaj'S, &c. agreed upon. There was also a meet- 
 ing holden May 18th, same year, called for the purpose of choosing a " person to 
 represent them at the Great and General Court to be held at the town house in 
 Boston," on the-SGth next then following; but the people declined electing. 
 
 1737. It appears by warrants recorded that a town meeting was holden in March 
 of 1737, but its proceedings are not on record. At the meeting holden May 16th 
 following, the town again declined sending a representative to the General Court- 
 It does not appear that any other business was transacted. 
 
 » Hutch. Mass. vol. ii. p. 342—35©. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 1^ 
 
 The inhabitants at a meeting in 1739, ordered a 
 garrison to be built around Rev. Timothy Walker's 
 dwelling-house. £5 were also granted Mr. Bara- 
 chias Farnum, tq enable liim to build a Hanker in 
 order to defend his mills, on condition that he 
 should garrison his own dwelling-house. Their ap- 
 prehensions were now increasing of an attack 
 from the Indians, who inhabited the wilds on the 
 north and west, especially as strong parties of them 
 had visited different places within a few days march, 
 and some offences had been committed. No disas- 
 ters, however, happened to the inhabitants of Rum- 
 ford until the fatal attack in 1746. 
 
 On the 11th of June, 1740, in pursuance of a 
 precept from the Government of Massachusetts, 
 the first representative from the town of Rumford 
 {Benjamin Rolfe, Esq.) was elected. His instruc- 
 tions were to prefer a petition to his Majesty that 
 the inhabitants " may be quieted in their posses- 
 " sions, and remain under the jurisdiction of the 
 " Massachusetts Bay; also to petition the General 
 " Court to use their influence with his Majesty in 
 " in that behalf." At a meeting in September, " the 
 " town being informed that by the determination of 
 " his Majesty in Council respecting the controvert- 
 " ed bounds between the province of Massachusetts 
 
 1738. The annual meeting for 1738 was on the 29th March. Galleries to the meet- 
 ing-house were ordered to he huilt, and otlier repairs to be made; also the burying 
 ground to be fenced. Tlie town again, at their meeting 24th May this year, refused 
 sending a representative. 
 
 1739. At the meeting in March, it was voted that a school be kept within 
 this town from the 20th Oct. till 20th of April 1740. A meeting was holden Nov. 
 7th this year; when it was voted that there should he " a good and sufficient garri- 
 son built around the Rev, Mr. Timothy Walker's dwelling house as soon as may be 
 con"eniently, at the town's cost." 51. were also granted to Mr. Barachias Far- 
 num to enable him to build a flanker in order to defend his mills, provided the said 
 Farnum shall give security to the town that in case he shall not keep a garrison at 
 his dwelling house, t!ie town shall have liberty to take said flanker and convert it 
 to their own use." Another meeting was holden on the 23th Dec. of this year, 
 and a committee appointed to inform of all breaches and prosecute for viola- 
 tions of tiie aot for the preservation of Deer, &:c. 
 
20 ANNALS OP CONCORD. 
 
 " Bay and New-Hampshire, they were excluded 
 " from the former province, to which they always 
 " svipposed themselves to belong — voted unani- 
 " raously, to prefer a petition to the King's most 
 " excellent Majesty, setting forth their distressed 
 " estate, and praying to be annexed to the said 
 " Massachusetts province." 
 
 By an act of tlie General Assembly of New- 
 Hampshire, passed March 18, 1741-2, Rumford 
 was made a distinct parish or district, and authori- 
 zed for six years to exercise certain necessary cor- 
 porate privileges. 
 
 The first school-house in this town was erected 
 in 1742. About this time, the wife of Mr. Jonathan 
 Eastman was taken prisoner by a party of Indians, 
 and carried to Canada. She was soon after redeem- 
 ed by her husband, and returned to her family. 
 
 The opening of the French war in 1744, caused 
 a general anxiety throughout the colonies, and par- 
 ticularly on the frontiers most exposed to Indian 
 depredations. Gov. Wentworth, in his message to 
 the General Assembly in May of this year, exhorts 
 them " to consider with great tenderness the dis- 
 " tress the inhabitants on the frontiers are in at 
 " this juncture, and to make their unhappy situation 
 " their own : to consider them as every day expos- 
 " ed to a surprize from the enemy," and that if 
 provisions for their safety were neglected, they 
 would " become an easy prey to a cruel and bar- 
 " barous enemy." Measures were accordingly 
 
 1742. The annual meeting this year was on the 31st March. Messrs. Edward Ab- 
 bot, John Merrill and Natlianiel Abbot were directed " to take care and build a 
 school-house for this town, as they shall in their best judgment think best — the said 
 Iiouse to be built between the widow Barker's barn and the brook by the clay- 
 pits." 
 
 1744. On the 23th Marc'h, the meeting for choice of officers, &c. was holden this 
 year. 20*. O. T. for each wolf, and 2.i. O. T. for each rattlesnake were voted to be 
 allowed for this year. A vots passed granting liberty for such persons as chose to 
 hire a mistress to nse the school-house^ until the town had occasion therefor. On 
 the 21st Jan. B. Rolfe was elected to represent the distiict of Rumford in the Gem- 
 Assembly at Portsmouth. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORl). 2l 
 
 taken for the safety of those towns most exposed, 
 and small detachments were ordered to the aid of 
 the settlements at Canterbury and Contoocook, (now 
 Boscawen.) The inhabitants of Rumford were as 
 yet without military succour, and they empowered 
 Benjamin Rolfe to petition the legislature of New- 
 Hampshire " for such a mmiber of soldiers as 
 " might be sufficient with the divine blessing to de- 
 ^' fend them against aU attempts of their enemies." 
 His petition* was presented in June, of that year, 
 but no detachment was ordered out. In December, 
 the inhabitants again authorized Mr. Rolfe to peti- 
 tion the General Assembly of this province for aid ; 
 and also " to represent to his Excellency the Gov- 
 " ernor and General Court of the province of the 
 " Massachusetts Ba} , their deplorable circumstan- 
 " ces, being exposed to imminent danger both from 
 *' the French and Indian enemy, and to request of 
 " them such aids as to their great wisdom should 
 " seem meet, and which might be sufficient to ena- 
 " ble them with a divine blessing vigorously to re- 
 " pel all attempts of their enemies." Like peti- 
 tions were also presented in 1745, and a detach- 
 ment of men was stationed here from Billerica, 
 for a few weeks, by direction of the government of 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 On Friday, the 7th of August, 1746, a party of In 
 dians from Canada, to the number of about one hund- 
 red, came into this town, and meditated the destruc- 
 tion of the place on the Sabbath following. The in- 
 habitants had for some time previous Ix^en expect- 
 ing an attack, and had made an earnest application 
 
 1746. A meeting of the citizens was called on the ninth of February ; and Cap- 
 tain Ebenezer Eastman and Mr. Henry Lovejoy were appointed a committee to 
 " represent the difficult circumstances of the inhabitants of Rumford to the great 
 and general couit at Portsmouth, respecting the danger we are exposed to both 
 from the French and Indian euemy, and request of them such aid and proiection as 
 they in their great wisdom shall tliink meet." 
 
 See Appendix No. III. 
 
2^ 
 
 ANNALS OF COx\CORD. 
 
 to the Governor for mililary aid — and fortunately 
 Capt. Daniel Ladd, with a company of forty men 
 from Exeter, arrived in town the same day. There 
 had previously been a company stationed here from 
 Billerica, for a short time, and also one from Ando- 
 ver. The inhabitants were aware that a considera- 
 ble body of Indians was in the vicinit}-, but had as 
 yet discovered but few, who were out on scouts. 
 The Indians themselves, hearing of Capt. Ladd's 
 approach, determined to lie concealed until Sunday 
 fsjlowing, when they intended to massacre the peo- 
 ple assembled in the meeting-house. But the peo- 
 ple on Sunday went armed to their devotions, and 
 placed sentinels in different quarters to look out 
 for the approach of the Indians, who had the 
 night previous secreted themselves in the bushes 
 adjacent to the meeting-house, which stood nearly 
 on the spot now occupied by the dAvelling of Mr. 
 John West. One party of them was concealed in 
 a thicket of alders,then growing where Dr. Green's 
 house noAv stands, and another was hid in the bush- 
 es on the north, between the meeting-holise and 
 Mr. Emery's, near the prison. Some few of them 
 were seen by a little girl during the exercises, but 
 she did not make known the discovery until the 
 meeting closed, when the people marched out in a 
 body ; and the Indians observing their arms, con- 
 cluded to abandon the attack. They then retired 
 
 1747. April 2. Capt. Eastman, from Penacook, came into the house, and mo- 
 ved that the house would consider their circumstances at Penacook, with regard to 
 the enemj', and would grant them men to help them. — Assembly Records. 
 
 ipril 3. Voted, that there be allowed to John Osgood 12s. Gd. for expense 
 
 for coffins, &;c. for the men killed at Kumford last year.— 76irf. 
 
 Voted, that his Excellency the Capt. General he desired to give orders for 
 
 enlisting or impressing 144 good effective men, to he employed under proper offi- 
 cers in defending the frontiers, guarding the people at work, and scouting, to be 
 posted as follows, viz.. 30 at Rochester, 6 at Barrington, 10 at r^'oUingham, 20 at 
 Canterbury. 20 at Contoocook, 24 at Penacook, fyc— lb. 
 
 i^fov. 12. Phineas Stevens, Ebcnezer Eastman and Jeremiah Clough, in be- 
 half of the inhabitants of Contoocook. Rumford and Canterbury, petitioned for 
 aid agaii-st expected attacks from the Indians. JV'bt), 13, orders were issued for 
 enlisting 15 soldiers, five for each of said places.— Ih. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCOllD. 
 
 23 
 
 to the woods on the west towards Hopkinton, with 
 the desicrn to intercept Capt. Ladd and his men, 
 who they supposed were to pass that way on the 
 following morning. . 
 
 On Monday morning, the 11th, seven ot the m- 
 habitants sat out for Hopkinton, two on horses, and 
 the others on foot, all armed. They marched on 
 leisurely, and Obadiah Peters, having proceeded 
 some distance forward of the others into a hollow, 
 about one mile and a half from the street, sat down 
 his gun and waited the approach of his friends. 
 The Indians, thinking themselves discovered, rose 
 from their hiding-places, fired and killed Peters on 
 the spot. At this moment, Jonathan Bradley and 
 the rest of his party had gained the summit of the 
 hill. Bradley was deceived in the number of the 
 enemy, supposing the few whom he saw near Pe- 
 ters to compose the whole party. He ordered his 
 men to fire, and they rushed down among them. 
 The whole body of Indians instantly arose, being 
 about 100 in number. Bradley now urged his men 
 to iiy for safety ; but it was too late — the w ork of 
 destruction had commenced. Samuel Bradley was 
 shot through the body — stripped of his clothing 
 and scalped. To Jonathan, they offered " good 
 quarter," having been acquainted w^ith him ; but 
 he refused their protection, his heroic spirit thirst- 
 ing to avenge the death of his comrades. He 
 fought with his gun against the cloud ot enemies, 
 until they struck him on his face repeatedly with 
 their knives and tomahawks, and literally hewed 
 him down. They then pierced his body, took off 
 his scalp and clothes. Two others, John Bean and 
 John Lnfkin, attempting to fly, were killed by the 
 same fire with Samuel Bradley. Alexander Rob- 
 erts and William Stickiiey fortunately escaped 
 death, but were made prisoners and taken to Can- 
 ada. Immediately after the melancholy affair took 
 place, an alarm was given from Walker's garrison 
 to the people on the interval, and elsewhere, at 
 
^ ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 some little distance. They soon assembled and 
 consulted on measures of safety. The soldiers sta- 
 tioned at the garrison, and several of the inhabi- 
 tants then repaired to the scene of slaughter. As 
 they approached, the Indians were seen upon the 
 retreat. The bodies were brought away in a cart, 
 and Avere interred in the church-yard on the follow- 
 ing day.* The number killed of the Indians was 
 unknown to the inhabitants until some time after, 
 when the information was obtained from Robert::,; 
 who had made his escape from captivity. He stat- 
 ed that four were killed, and several wounded, two 
 mortally, who were conveyed away upon litters, 
 and soon after died. Two they buried under a large 
 hemlock tree in the Great Swamp, about half a mile 
 south of the scene of slaughter. The other two 
 were buried at some distance from them, near Tur- 
 key river. Roberts found the two bodies under 
 the log after his return from captivity. The head 
 of one was taken away, it was supposed by wild 
 beasts. For the skull of the other, a bounty w^as 
 paid by the government. 
 
 Stickney^ after about one year's detention in Can- 
 ada, found means to escape with a friendly Indian, 
 and proceeded on his way home to w ithin about one 
 day's journey of the white settlements, when they 
 fell short of provisions. The Indian directed Stick- 
 ney to light a fire and encamp, while he would go 
 in quest of game. After Stickney had prepared 
 his camp, he went out to hunt, and in attempting to 
 cross a river on a log, fell in and was drowned.t 
 
 Jonathan Bradley was an officer in Capt. Ladd's 
 compan} , from Exeter, and stationed here for the 
 defence of the inhabitants. He was about thirty 
 vears of age when killed ; and was the elder broth- 
 
 * Mr. Reuben Abbot, lately deceased at the age of 100 years, was fixed upon by 
 tlie inhabitants to bring away the bodies of his slaiiffhteied townsmen. He pro- 
 cured an ox-cart at Eastman's fort, and brouglit away their bodies under tlir guard 
 of the soldiers and inhabitants. The writer was indebted to tliis venerable old 
 man for the particulars of the massacre. 
 
 t Tradition. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORI). 25 
 
 er of Samuel Bradley. He was a man of iimch 
 coolness and decision; and his vigorous defence 
 a2;ainst the overwhelming force Avhich crushed him 
 to the earth, is sufficient proof of his determined 
 braver}. 
 
 Samuel Bradley was a citizen of this town, and 
 the father of the Hon. John Bradley, who died in 
 1815. He was a most amiable and promising 
 young man ; and his wife, who afterwards married 
 with "Richard Calfe, of Chester, and survived both, 
 in the latter years of her life, used to speak with 
 great affection of the husband of her youth, and of 
 his tragical end. She died Aug. 10, 1817, aged 98 
 years. 
 
 Obadiah Peters^ of Riunford, was probably a son 
 of Seaborn Peters, who lived in J. Eastman's fort. 
 It appears that at the time of his death he belong- 
 ed to a company under the command of Capt. Na- 
 thaniel Abbot. He had been out in the expedition 
 against Cape Breton, in 1 745, in the company com- 
 manded by Capt. Eastman. 
 
 John Bean was from Brentwood, and Liifkin 
 from Kingston. 
 
 The initials of those who fell were soon after 
 marked on a large tree, standing near the fatal spot, 
 which stood the only monument of the sanguinary 
 conflict, until within a few years, some person 
 cut it down. It is, however, pleasing to learn that 
 the descendants of Samuel Bradley are about to 
 erect a durable monument over the spot where 
 their worthy ancestor was killed. 
 
 The Indians continued in the neighborhood, in 
 small parties, and on the 10th of November follow- 
 ing, killed a Mr. Estabrooks, on the road between 
 the street and the place of the former massacre. 
 
 Early in February, 1747, the inhabitants empow- 
 ered John Webster to apply to the Ceneral Assem- 
 bly for military assistance. In his ])etition, he 
 states that there were upwards of eighty families 
 then residing in Rumford, and that they raised aii- 
 
26 AiWALS OF CONCOllD. 
 
 nualiy four times as much provision as was requi- 
 site for tlieir own support. Having some reason to 
 apprehend an attack from the Indians in considera- 
 ble force, a petition was preferred to the Governor 
 in June, stating that traces of the enemy had been 
 discovered by the scouts ; that guns had been heard 
 atlvumford and Contoocookat different times; that 
 from the situation of the inhabitants they were ex- 
 posed to attacks from the enemy, the experience of 
 the whole war having taught them, "that whenever 
 any smart attack was made upon the settlements 
 on Connecticut river, the enemy had never failed of 
 sending a considerable number to visit their river,'" 
 the Merrimack. The inhabitants at some seasons 
 could work together in bodies, so as not to be so 
 greatly exposed, but haying and harvesting now 
 commencing, it was "impracticable without vast 
 detriment to the whole, and utter ruin to some." 
 A guard of twenty-four men was stationed here 
 from the middle of March to the beginning of Ma}- -. 
 and subsequently, by order of the Governor, thirty 
 soldiers were detached for the assistance of the 
 inhabitants, who remained with them until they had 
 secured their crops. 
 
 October 23d, Dr. Ezra Carter, in behalf of the 
 inhabitants of Rumford, represented by petition to 
 the General Court, that they were " destitute of 
 soldiers, and very much exposed both to the French 
 and Indian enemy, and daily expect, by the experi- 
 ence of the last year, invasions by them, by reason 
 of their killing one man on the 10th of November 
 last, and on the 19tli of said November, they were 
 discovered by their tracks in a small snow, and pray 
 your honors to consider our dangerous circumstan- 
 ces, and grant us such protection as you in your 
 great wisdom shall think meet." In November, 
 another guard of five men was ordered here, and 
 similar assistance was afforded the inhabitants of 
 Canterbury and Contoocook. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 27 
 
 111 the fall of 1747, a large party of Indians 
 ajvain made their appearance in the south-west part 
 of the town, and for several weeks continued rang- 
 ing about the woods, and destroying the cattle, 
 ho'rses, &c. of the inhabitants. Jeremiah Bradley 
 had a fine field for fall grazing, and into this many 
 of the citizens had turned their slieep and neat cat- 
 tle. The reports from tlie guns of the Indians were 
 frequently heard, and numbers of cattle were de- 
 stroyed. ^ The inhabitants at length rallied in a 
 strong party armed, and proceeded cautiously in 
 two divisions towards the enemy. In the woods 
 near the field, one party foimd numerous packs, &c. 
 belonging to the Indians, and concluded to await 
 their approach in concealment. As they were ap- 
 proaching, one of the men, through accident, or an 
 eager desire to revenge his losses, fired his musket, 
 and alarmed the wary Indians, who, observing the 
 smoke of the gun, filed off in an opposite direction. 
 The whole party then fired, but with little injury 
 to their tawny adversaries. The body of an In- 
 dian was, however, sometime aftervrards found se- 
 creted in a hollow log, into which, it was supposed, 
 having been wounded by the fire of the party, he 
 had crawled, and expired. 
 
 In August of this year died Capt. Ebenezer 
 Eastman, one of the wealthiest and most active of 
 the early settlers. He was born at Haverhill, Ms, 
 in 1689. His father's house and buildings were de- 
 stroyed, with several others, by the Indians in their 
 memorable attack upon Haverhill, March 15, 1698.* 
 Young Eastman, at the age of 18, joined the regi- 
 ment of Col. Wainwright in the expedition against 
 Port Royal. In 1711, when the British fieet under 
 Admiral Walker arrived in Boston heft-bor, the land 
 forces were organizing with great despatch. East- 
 man now had the command of a company of sol- 
 
 * There is a tiadition 'n the family, that sometime previous to this. Eastman's 
 father and a Mr. Abbot, from An'lover. were iT.ade captives by a party of the Pen- 
 acnok Indians, and were carried to what was afterwards called Scwali's island ir 
 the river in this town. No partirulars can lie collected. 
 
2i3 Al!.'NALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 diers, and embarked in one of the transports. The 
 fleet scon sailed up the St. Lawrence, and met with 
 no accident "until they got up off the Virgin 
 *' Mountains ; the weather then proving fosjgy, 
 "" and the wind freshening, the Admiral asked the 
 " pilots what was best to do } who advised that as 
 " the fleet was on the north shore, it would be best 
 " to bring to, Avith their heads to the southward."* 
 The Admiral obstinately refused : and the awful 
 consequence was the destruction of nine ships, the 
 loss of many lives, and the total failure of the ex- 
 pedition, wliich was designed for the conquest of 
 Canada. The part which Capt. Eastman acted on 
 this occasion, though noticed by none of the his- 
 torians, is tluis related b}^ his grandson,! now living. 
 The pilots, who were perfectly aware of their per- 
 il, being well acquainted with the river, could not 
 but be panic-struck at the orders of the admiral, 
 which the captains of the transports seemed bent 
 to follow. Eastman, whose company was on board 
 one of them, represented to the captain their im- 
 minent peril, and beseeched him to " haul to wind- 
 ward, that they might escape the breakers." The 
 captain was a true loyalist^ and exclaimed " he 
 would follow his commodore, if he went to h — 11." 
 Eastman then stated the circumstances to his men, 
 and informed them that if they would support him, 
 he would assume the control of the vessel, and at- 
 tempt to shun the rocks. This he accordingly did, 
 by ordering the captain to his cabin, and the helms- 
 man to alter his course. They escaped wreck, and 
 when the following morning exhibited to the eyes 
 of the astonished crew, the bodies of the dead and 
 wrecks of the vessels which covered the St. Law- 
 rence, the humbled captain, on his knees, acknowl- 
 edged his deliverer, and desired his friendship. In 
 the morning, Capt. Eastman appeared before the 
 Admiral who abruptly asked — " Capt Eastman, 
 
 * Penhallovv. 
 
 f Jonathan Eastman, Esq. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 29 
 
 where were you, when the fleet was cast away ?" 
 " I was following my commodore," replied he. 
 " Following your Commodore ! (said the Admiral 
 
 in surprise.) .... You d d Yankees, are a pack 
 
 of praying devils ; you have saved your own lives, 
 and prayed my men all to h — 11." Capt. Eastman 
 soon after his return entered with zeal into the sub- 
 ject of a new settlement at Penacook. And during 
 his life, was a persevering, influential and useful 
 citizen. He was at the reduction of Louisbourg 
 in 1745, and held a commission in the New-Hamp- 
 shire forces, under the intrepid Vaughan. He died 
 soon after his return, in his house on the east side 
 of the river, which was then fortified against the 
 attacks of the Indians. 
 
 From this period, it is not known that any seri- 
 ous mischiefs were committed by the Indians 
 against the inhabitants of Rumford, although they 
 occasionally suffered some losses in cattle and 
 other property, which the savages chanced to 
 meet with, while ranging through the woods and 
 about the farms of the settlers. They were indeed 
 in constant alarm, and for several years continued 
 their addresses to government for the means of de- 
 fence. The petition of Dr. Ezra Carter and anoth- 
 er, in 1756, states, that "they had been subjected 
 to great loss of time, for several years past by dis- 
 turbances from the Indians, and particularly for the 
 two last years past, about one fourth of the inhabi- 
 tants had been driven from their settlements dur- 
 ing the busy season of the year, and the whole obli- 
 ged to divert their attention from husbandry to re- 
 pair their garrisons, and provide for the safety of 
 their families." 
 
 1748. Capt. John Chandler was elected representative of the town of Rumford 
 to the General Assembly.on the 2d January. In March, th« lines of the town were. 
 perambulated and marked. 
 
 5 
 
30 ANNALS Op CONCORD. 
 
 In January, 1749, Benjamin Rolfe, in behalf of 
 the inhabitants of Rumford, preferred a petition to 
 the Governor and Council for an act of incorpora- 
 tion.* The proprietors of Bow remonstrated 
 against the measure, and their influence prevailed. 
 
 A petition for the same purpose was also presen- 
 ted July 14th, 1756, by Ezra Carter, in behalf of 
 the citizens. An act was framed, and after being 
 read in the house of Assembly, was, through the 
 influence of members interested in the Bow lands, 
 rejected. 
 
 On the 28th of April, 1752, Amos Eastman of 
 this town, in company with John and William Stark 
 of Dunbarton, and David Stinson of Londonderry, 
 being on a hunting expedition near Baker's river in 
 Rumney, were surprized by a party of Indians, ten 
 in number, of the St. Francis tribe. Eastman and 
 John Stark were made prisoners ; Stinson and 
 William Stark, attempting to escape, were fired 
 upon. Stinson fell, was dispatched, scalped, and 
 stripped of his wearing apparel. His comrade 
 succeeded in escaping. John Stark and Eastman 
 were carried prisoners to Canada, and sold to the 
 French. They remained in captivity about three 
 months, were redeemed, and returned home. The 
 Indians now exhibited signs of hostility at Can- 
 terbury. Rev. Mr. Walker went up to confer with 
 them, and a chief returned with him to Rumford.t 
 A short time after, two persons were taken away 
 from Canterbury by the Indians. 
 
 * See Appendix, No. IV. 
 
 f Rev. Mr. Walker, who was beloved by all his parishioners, was also esteemed 
 by the Indians, and when not in open war, they used to visit iiis house, where they 
 were altvays well treated. At one time, they came to his liouse, complaining In 
 angry terms that the white people possessed their lands unju.stly. Mr. W. infor- 
 niod them that they were purchased of their chiefs, and that the deed, signed by 
 them, was to be seen in Boston. He finally advised them to go and see it. To 
 tliis thev assented ; and on their return, called and took some refreshments, and 
 said tliat tliey liad seen the paper, and were perfectly salistied. This deed is the 
 faninns instrument of Wlieelwrigbt, now generally lielii-vrd to be a forgery. Af- 
 ter the peace, a number of warriors encamped near the minister's heiuse. Mr. W. 
 was absent, and his wife was imder great apprehensions of iniury. The Indians 
 perceived this, and said to each other, " minister's wife afraid. ' Upon this.one de- 
 livered her all the guns, and said they would call for them the next day. This they 
 did, and were to her kind and affable. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 31 
 
 From 1749 to 1766, the year after the incorpo- 
 ration of the town by the name of Concord^ there 
 are no records of the proceedings of the town or 
 its officers. The town, in fact, existed only as a 
 parish of Boio. About this time commenced the 
 perplexing controversy between the proprietors of 
 Bow and the inhabitants of Rumford. It is per- 
 haps well known, that by the construction of the 
 charter of Massachusetts, by King Charles II. in 
 1677, the jurisdiction of that state extended for 
 three miles to the north of Merrimack river. The 
 government of Massachusetts, in 1725, granted to 
 sundry petitioners the township, afterwards called 
 Rumford ; and in 1728, made the grant of Suncook, 
 now Pembroke, to the forty-seven soldiers, or their 
 legal representatives, who were engaged with the 
 celebrated Lovewell against the Indians at Pe- 
 quackett. These two grants comprised about thir- 
 teen square miles, all lying within the supposed 
 limits of Massachusetts. At the time of survey- 
 ing and laying out the lands at Penacook, it ap- 
 pears that a committee was empowered by the gov- 
 ernment of New-Hampshire, to proceed to Pena- 
 cook, and request the surveyors to desist fromlayin^ 
 out the lands, as they were claimed by that gov- 
 ernment. They, however, proceeded Co execute the 
 business of their commission, a-nd the plantation 
 settled with much rapidity. In May, 1727, two 
 years after the ^rant by Massachusetts, the govern- 
 ment of New-Hampshire granted to Jonathan 
 Wiggins and others, a tract of eighty-one square 
 miles, which included more than tAVO thirds of 
 berth Rumford and Suncook. No settlements were 
 made, however, by the proprietors of Bow, nor 
 did any difficulties arise in consequence of the con- 
 flicting grants, for about twenty years, during 
 Tvhich time Rumford and Suncook had each set- 
 tled a minister of the gospel, and converted the 
 wilderness into fruitful fields. 
 
32 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 Meantime the controversy between this state and 
 Massachusetts, res}3ecting the boundary line, had 
 been carried before the King, and upon report of 
 coaimissioners appointed to mark out the dividing 
 hne, he decided in 1740, that the northern bounda- 
 ry of Massachusetts should be a curve line pursu- 
 ing the course of the Merrimack river, at three 
 miles distance on the north, beginning on the At- 
 lantic ocean, and ending at a point due north of 
 Pawtucket falls ; thence due west to his Majesty's 
 other possessions. By this determination, all the 
 settlements on the river above Pawtucket falls, fell 
 under the jurisdiction of New-Hampshire. There 
 was an express declaration, however, in the decis- 
 ion of the King, that private property should be 
 respected. The inhabitants of Rumford, immedi- 
 ately after learning the determination of the King, 
 petitioned to be restored to the province of Massa- 
 chusetts ; but were unsuccessful. In 1750, the 
 proprietors of Bow commenced numerous suits for 
 the ejectment of the settlers living within the lim- 
 its of their grant. The course which they pursued 
 was extremely vexatious and calculated to prolong 
 the dispute, if not utterly to ruin many of the set- 
 tlers, who hud made great and expensive improve- 
 ments on the lands. Every action was commenced 
 for so small a parcel of land, that, by a law of the 
 province, there could be no appeal^ home.* — The 
 courts and juries wore interested in the lands, or 
 prejudiced against the settler* -, and justice could 
 hardly be expected to result undf^r such circum- 
 stances. The actions were continued to successive 
 
 * " But your petitioners' greatest mistnrtune is, that they rannot Vave a fair, im- 
 partial trial, for that tlie Govenioi and most of the Council are pvoprievors of Bo%v, 
 and by them not only the judf^es are appointed, but also the officers thai-mpannel 
 the jurors ; and tlie people are also generally disaffected to your petilionert'on ac- 
 eount of their deiivii'^ tlieir title fiom the Massachusetts. And all the actions-Jiat 
 have hitherto heen broutrhi are of so small value, and, as your petitioners apprt. 
 hend, designedly so, that by a law of the province there can be no appeal from the 
 judgments of the courts to your Majesty in Council ; and if it were otherwise, the 
 charges that would attend such appeals would be greater than the value oi the 
 laud, or than the party defending hi«tnle would be able to pay." — Petition, of Rev 
 Mr. H'^alker and Benjamin Rolfe, Esq. to the King. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 33' 
 
 terms, but decided by both inferior and superior 
 Courts in favour of the plaintiffs. The defendants, 
 and also the inhabitants generally of botli Rumford 
 and Suncook, now petitioned to the King for an im- 
 partial trial, and commissioned Rev. Mr. Walker 
 to proceed to.England and lay all the circumstances 
 before his Majesty, empowering him to defend the 
 suits at the Court of St. James. 
 
 In 1753, upon the petition of the inhabitants of 
 Rumford, the General Court of Massachusetts gran- 
 ted £100 sterling, towctrds the expense of defend- 
 ing the suits brought against them by the proprie- 
 tors of Bow. The Massachusetts agent, Mr. Bol- 
 lan, was instructed to use his endeavors to obtain 
 such determination of his Majesty .in Council, as 
 should quiet the grantees of lands from that prov- 
 ince in their possessions. Mr. Walker went to 
 England in 1753, and again a short time after, and 
 succeeded in obtaining a trial on appeal before a 
 committee of the Lords of the Council. Sir William 
 Murray, afterwards Lord Chief-Justice Mansfield, 
 was his counsellor and advocate, with whom he 
 formed a particular acquaintance. After a patient 
 hearing of all the parties concerned, the commit- 
 tee of the Council reported, that the judgments of 
 the courts of New-Hampshire in the case should 
 be reversed, and the appellants be restored to 
 " what they had lost by means of said judgments." 
 This was approved by his Majesty in Council on 
 the 29th December, 1762.* 
 
 Thus ended the disagreeable controversy with 
 the proprietors of Bow, during the continuance of 
 which, the inhabitants of Rumford had been with- 
 out town privileges or government, and were ha r- 
 rassed with numerous vexatious suits, and sul>jec- 
 ted to the expense of attending almost every term 
 of the courts, then exclusively holden at Ports- 
 mouth. 
 
 * See Appendix, No. V, 
 
34 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 On the 17th June, 1765, the government of this 
 State granted the charter of the town of Concord, 
 comj3rising " a part of the town of Bow, and some 
 lands adjoining thereto." The bounds, as descri- 
 bed in the charter, began " at the mouth of Contoo- 
 cook river, which is the S. E. corner of Boscawen ; 
 thence S. 73° W. by said Boscawen 4 miles ; thence 
 S. 17° E. 7 miles 100 rods; thence N. 73° E. 4 
 miles to Merrimack river, there crossing the river 
 and still continuing the same course to Soucook 
 river; then beginning again at the mouth of Con- 
 toocook river aforesaid, from thence running N. 73° 
 E. 606 rods from the easterly bank of Merrimack 
 river, or till it shall come to the S. W. line of 
 Canterbury ; thence S. E. on said line 2 miles 80 
 rods ; thence S. 17 E. to Soucook river aforesaid ; 
 thence down said river, till it comes to where the 
 line from Merrimack river strikes the Soucook riv- 
 er." 
 
 By the provisions of the act, the first meeting 
 was to be holden on the 3d Tuesday of August, 
 1765, and Samuel Emerson, Esq. was authorized to 
 call the first town meeting ; but in consequence of 
 his neglect, no meeting was notified ; and a special 
 resolve was passed by the Legislature on the 27th 
 November, of the same year, for calling a meeting 
 for the choice of town officers, &c. on the third 
 Tuesday of January, 1766. 
 
 1766. — At the first legal meeting of the inhabi- 
 tants of Concord^ Lt. Richard Hazeltine, who died 
 in 1818, was moderator; Peter Coffin was appoint- 
 ed clerk, and Joseph Farnum, Lot Coib}^ and John 
 Chandler, jun. selectmen. The meeting for the 
 choice of officers for the year ensuing was holden 
 March 4th. On the 25th, another town meeting 
 was holden, and measures taken to provide schools 
 in the different sections of the town — there having 
 previously been but one school in town. Every 
 man was taxed " five days' work on the highways 
 and pound this year." 
 
^ ANNALS OF CONCORD. 35 
 
 Br. Ezra Carter died Sept. 17, 1767, at the age 
 of 48. He was a native of South-Hampton, in this 
 state ; studied physic with Dr. Ordway of Salisbu- 
 ry, Mass. and settled in jthis place about 1740. He 
 was a good scholar, though not liberally educated 
 — a skilful practitioner, and a man universally be- 
 loved. Soon after his removal here, he was hon- 
 ored by the inhabitants with civil trusts, which he 
 executed with zealous fidelity. It is to be regret- 
 ted that of Dr. Carter, as well as of others who 
 lived at a later day, so few particulars can be col- 
 lected. Enough, however, is known to warrant the 
 assertion that few men excelled him in a benevo= 
 lent spirit and good humored exertions to promote 
 the peace and welfare of society. He was a man 
 of wit and pleasantry, and when called to visit the 
 sick and desponding, never failed to administer, with 
 his remedies for the body, a cordial to the mind. 
 Dr. Carter, though frequently menaced by the In- 
 dians, never suffered from their attacks. About 
 the time of the Bradley massacre, he had gathered 
 into winrows his hay then cut, on the plat of 
 ground extending on the west of the street, near 
 the site of the Capitol. During the night, several 
 Indians secreted themselves in the hay, intending 
 to surprise the Doctor on the following morning. 
 Providentially, a storm of rain commenced early in 
 the morning and continued for several days with 
 little abatement, during which the Indians retired. 
 After peace was restored, the Indians informed the 
 doctor of their meditated attack, and that conceiv- 
 ing the Great Spirit to have sent the rain for his 
 shelter, they dared not remain. On the 10th of 
 November, of the same year, (1746) a Mr. Esta- 
 brooks came for the doctor to visit a patient. 
 Through some difficulty in catching his horse, the 
 doctor did not immediately follow Estabrooks. In 
 a very short time, the alarm was given that Esta- 
 brooks was killed, and a party proceeding on the 
 road after him, found his body near the path. This 
 
36 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 was one of the last acts of Indian hostility in this 
 section of the country. On a certain occasion, Dr. 
 Carter was called to visit a sicic family in Bow. Add- 
 ed to their other sorrows, poverty had thrown around 
 them her tatters and ra2;s. Disease is ever loth to 
 quit such company. The family were a long time 
 sick — the doctor was their constant attendant — and 
 on their recovery, the poor man felt new troubles 
 coming upon him. " How, doctor," said the un- 
 happy man, " am I to pay you, for all your kind- 
 ness, your attention and medicine ? You see here a 
 large family, destitute of every thing, save the bare 
 necessaries of life." " I have been faithful to you," 
 replied the doctor, " and am I not entitled to a re- 
 ward ?" " You are, doctor, oh, you are !" said the 
 trembling wife, " but do wait a little — we can't pay 
 you now." " I can inform you, my good friends," 
 said the inexorable physician, " that I am knowing 
 to your having property enough to satisfy my de- 
 mands — and moreover, that I shall have it before 
 leaving the house." The poor family were thunder- 
 struck — they knew that no friendly feelings subsist- 
 ed between the proprietors of Rumford and Bow — 
 but had always heard the doctor applauded as a 
 man of benevolence and mercy. They knew not 
 what to do. At this moment, away scampered a 
 flock of kittens across the room, which the doctor 
 fleeing, caught one of them and put it in his pocket. 
 " I told you" I should have my pay, (said the doctor) 
 — I have got it. — Good bye, and God bless you !" 
 Many anecdotes of this kind are related of him ; 
 and one of the last acts of his life, was equally no- 
 ble. Just before his decease, he looked over his 
 accounts, filled out receipts against all poor per- 
 sons, who were indebted to him, with directions 
 that his executors should deliver them to those con- 
 cerned immediately after his death. This was ac- 
 cordingly done. 
 
 1771. — On the 20th December, died Benjamin 
 RoLFE, Esq. who was one of the early settlers, a man 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD* !37 
 
 of talents and education, and for many years one 
 of the principal citizens. He was for some time 
 the only magistrate m town, and in all its public 
 transactions, we find him conspicuous. Associa- 
 ted with the Rev. Mr. Walker, whose eldest 
 daughter he married, he assisted in managing 
 the defence of the inhabitants against the vexatious 
 proceedings of the proprietors of Bow. And in 
 the various papers drawn up by him, and other me- 
 morials he has left, are to be seen evidences of his 
 care and ability. His widow subsequently married 
 Benjamin Thompson, a school-master of this place, 
 from Woburn, who was afterwards distinguished as 
 Count Rumford. Lady Sarah Thompson died in 
 Concord in 1792. Of her last husband, a more par- 
 ticular notice will be given hereafter. 
 
 1772. — At the annual meeting, £60 were " raised 
 for making and repairing highways." Hitherto no 
 specific sum had been appropriated, but the inhab- 
 itants devoted each year a certain number of days 
 to that purpose. April 7, the parish voted to give 
 $500 for the meeting-house, then the property of 
 individuals ; and raised $50 in addition, " to be 
 given the proprietors of the meeting-house, in or- 
 der to complete the bargain." Messrs. John Kim- 
 ball, Thomas Stickney and John Bradley were au- 
 thorized to provide materials and superintend the 
 repairs of the house. 
 
 1773.— At the annual March meeting, A. M'Mil- 
 len, Esq. was authorized to present a petition to 
 the General Court, requesting " that the parish of 
 Concord may be annexed to the county of Hillsbo- 
 rough, provided that there might be an inferior and 
 superior court held annually in said parish." 
 
 1772. A meeting was holden tiie 7th of December this year, and Andrew M*^ 
 Millen, Esq. empowered " to petition the Hon. Gen. Court of the prorince (in be- 
 half of the town) for the privilege of laying out roads, as other towns have, and 
 also that the boundaries of Concord might be as extensive as the township ef 
 Rvmford formerly was." 
 
 6 
 
38 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 1774. — The General Court of Massachusetts, in 
 consideration of the difficulties and embarrass- 
 ments which the grantees of Rumford had sustain- 
 ed from the suits of the proprietors of Bow, orant- 
 ed them a township in Maine, which was also cal- 
 led Rumford, and was settled by inhabitants from 
 this town. 
 
 1775. — The commencement of this year w^as a 
 period of deep anxiety and gloom. The repeated 
 acts of aggression, on the part of the mother coun- 
 try, had driven the colonies into measures of re- 
 sistance, bold and decisive. The people were al- 
 most universally inspired with the belief that a 
 struggle must ensue, and the lovers of freedom 
 were every where " sounding notes of prepara- 
 tion." Every village, however remote from the 
 probable scene of action, was filled with alarm, and 
 groups of citizens were seen in almost every cor- 
 ner, debating the cause of their country. The 
 alarm of the battle at Lexington spread with ra- 
 pidity throughout the country. Immediately on 
 the reception of the news here, a company of 30 
 men, under the command of Capt. Chandler, volun- 
 teered and repaired to Cambridge, where they re- 
 mained a fortnight. Captains Abbot and Hutchins 
 had now recruited companies for eight months' ser- 
 vice and joined the American iorces. They were 
 in the engagement at Bunker's Hill. One person, 
 William Mitchell, from this tow^i, was killed ; and 
 a young man of the name of Peter Kimball, wound- 
 ed. 
 
 A committee of the provincial congress, which 
 met at Exeter in January, of this year, were direc- 
 ted to address circulars to the several towns, to call 
 another convention. The selectmen called a meet- 
 ing of the inhabitants of Concord on the 1 1th of 
 
 1773. Lt. John Chandler was the first grand juror called from Concord, appoint- 
 ed Feb. 23, 1773. 
 
 1774. At the March meeting, Peter Green, Esq. was directed to present a peti- 
 tion to the General Court for leave to send a representative. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 39 
 
 iMay, and Timothy Walker, jim. was elected " to 
 represent the inhabitants of Concord at the Gen- 
 eral Convention of Deputies, from the several towns 
 in tliis government, to be held at Exeter, the 17th 
 of MajV' and fully empowered " to pursue such 
 measures as may be judged most expedient to re- 
 store the rights of the colonies" — to serve for six 
 months. At the expiration of this period, he was 
 again elected to serve for a year. The town at 
 their meeting in December, " voted to pay Capt. A- 
 biel Chandler and others, who went to Cambridge 
 upon the alarm in April, at the same rates allowed 
 other troops of the colony." 
 
 There remained in almost every town some 
 staunch friends of the government, who, viewing 
 the attempt of the colonies to shake off their alle- 
 giance as desperate and hopeless, preferred either 
 to retire within the acknowledged protection of 
 the King's troops, or to remain inactive and neu- 
 tral. Benjamin Thompson had already adopted the 
 former course ; and there were several others who 
 remained in town. But neutrality is esteemed lit- 
 tle better than treason in times like these. And 
 to the moral habits of the people, much more thaji 
 to their feelings, wounded as they were by any ap- 
 parent treachery or neglect of duty, were the op- 
 posers of the great cause indebted for their per- 
 sonal safety. 
 
 1776. — Committees of safety were now appoint- 
 ed in the several toAvns of the colony, whose instruc- 
 tions were derived from the general committee ap- 
 pointed by the provincial Congress. Their powers 
 were extensive ; the trust one of great responsi- 
 bility — and none but the firmest whigs were ap- 
 pointed. Messrs. Philip Eastman, Thomas Stick- 
 ney, Timothy Walker, jun. Joseph Hall, jun. and 
 Richard Herbert, were appointed the committee of 
 safety in Concord for this year. 
 
 1777. — Measures were this year taken for the 
 remuneration of soldiers engaged iii the service of 
 
40 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 the country from this town ; and £460 were raised 
 for the purpose. The sum of $ 100 was also ap- 
 propriated for the use of the tow n, in the purchase 
 of ammunition, &c. This year, several individuals, 
 suspected of disaffection to the great cause of the 
 countrj^, were arrested, and conveyed to Exeter, by 
 a number of the citizens of this place. A short 
 imprisonment, or the public denunciation of the 
 people in town meeting, who declared them to be 
 " enemies to their suffering country, and unworthy 
 the countenance of its friends" — had the effect to 
 subdue their I03 al spirit ; and when the almost 
 certain prospect of success filled the hearts of the 
 patriotic multitude with joy and gratitude, they too, 
 could join in the general triumph. 
 
 1778. — At a town meeting in January, Col. Tho- 
 mas Stickney w as instructed " to use his influence 
 at the next session of the General Assembly, that 
 a full and free representation of the people of this 
 state be called as soon as conveniently may be, for 
 the sole purpose of laying a permanent plan or sys- 
 tem for the future government of this state." 
 
 In 1779, a convention, called for that purpose, 
 drew up a Plan of Government, and sent it forth 
 among the people ; but so deficient were its gener- 
 al provisions, that it was rejected. 
 
 Another convention was soon called, which had 
 nine sessions, and continued from June, 1781, to 
 Oct. 1783. Their first plan of government was 
 
 1777. Commiltee of Safety.— Me.isxi. John Kimball, Thomas Stickuey, ReuLen 
 Kimball, Benjamin Emery and Richaid Herbert. 
 
 1778. Col. Timothy Walker was elected a member of the convention whicli 
 met at Concord this year. The convention met in the meeting- house. Meshech 
 Weare was chairman. In December, Mr. Nathaniel Rolfe was chosen to repre- 
 sent the parisli in the General Assembly to be holden at Exeter. 
 
 1779. The parish proposed to give up the pew ground to any number of persons 
 who would finish the meeting house, and add a porch ; and the value of another 
 porch ; and to be at the expence of building the steeple. July 19th, the town 
 voted to raise £1124 3 0, in addition to what had already been raised, for defraying 
 the parish expenses of that year. Sept. 6, the same year, the adjourned meeting 
 voted to raise £500 more. The question was taken on the acceptance of the plan 
 of government offered to the people, and there were 26 in favor, and 25 against it. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 41 
 
 printed and sent to every town ; and the inhabitants 
 were requested to state their objections to any 
 particular part. 
 
 1782.— At the tOAvn meeting in Concord, Jan. 
 21st, " it was put to vote to see if the parish would 
 accept the plan of government, as it now stands, 
 and there appeared 48 against said plan, and none 
 
 for it. 
 
 " Voted, to have a town representation. 
 
 " Voted, to have a Governor at the head of the 
 legislative body. 
 
 " Voted, that the Governor shall not have a privy 
 council. 
 
 " Voted, that the people at large shall appoint 
 their militia officers." 
 
 A second plan was sent out by the convention 
 assembled at Concord, which was most generally 
 approved, but was not completed when the new^s 
 of peace arrived. — The old form, having expired 
 with the war, was revived for one year by the votes 
 of the people in town-meetings. 
 
 A meeting of the inhabitants of Concord was 
 holden Nov. 29th, for the purpose of considering 
 the second plan of goverament, proposed by the 
 convention. A committee, consisting of Col. Tim- 
 
 1780. July. The town at a full meeting, voted to give the soldiers that had late- 
 gaged to serve in the Continental Army, ten bushels of corn per month, or 
 
 money equal thereto." In March, Col. Thomas Stickney was appointed agent to pe- 
 tition the General Assembly, for the extension of the limits of the town, to the ancient 
 boundaries of Rumford. Major Jonathan Hale, in Decefiiber, was instructed " ta 
 join in calling a convention to settle a plan of government for this State." 
 
 1781. In the beginning of this year, the General Court having called for sixteen 
 soldiers, Capt. Aaron Kinsman, Lieut. Ezra Carter, Lieut. Asa Kimball, and Ensign 
 James Mitchel, were appointed a committee to procure them. They were enlist- 
 ed principally in this town. Feb. 6th, the town "voted to raise 1000 Spanish 
 milled dollars, in order to enable the parish to procuie the soldiers that are now 
 called for to fill up the Continental army." The selectmen were authorized to 
 lease all the interval lands, and the house lot belonging to the school right, for seven 
 years. Timothy Walker was authorized to petition for a lottery ,to build a bridge over 
 Merrimack river ; also to support the petition for extending the bounds of the town, 
 
 1782. At the annual meeting this year, the inhabitants voted $0 for every 
 grown wolf, and ,f2,50 for every whelp ; 2s. per day were to be allowed for labor 
 on highways. 
 
42 ANKALS OF CO:\CORDi 
 
 othy Walker, Col. Thomas Stickne} , Capl. Benja- 
 min Emery, Capt. Reuben Kimball, Lt. John Brad- 
 ley, Dr. Peter Green and Mr. Henry Martin, were 
 appointed to take the subject into consideration, 
 and report tliereon. At the next meeting, Dec. 
 16th, there were 52 voters present, all of wliom 
 " voted to reject the new constitution, in its present 
 form ;" but proposed the following amendments, 
 viz : " that the Governor and Privy Council be 
 left out, and that there be a President, a Legislative 
 Council, and a House of Representatives ; and that 
 the pov* ers which are vested in the Governor and 
 Council be vested in the Council and House of Rep- 
 resentatives." On the question of adopting the in- 
 strument, with those amendments, there were 30 
 votes in the affirmative. 
 
 On the 2d September, 1782, died the venerable 
 Timothy Walker, the first minister, and one of the 
 first settlers, of the town of Concord. He was 
 born at Woburn, Mass. in 1706; and after having 
 graduated at Harvard college, in 1725, he pursued 
 the usual course of theological studies. On the 
 18th of Noveml^er, 1730, upon the unanimous invi- 
 tation of the proprietors of the newly granted 
 township of Penacook, he was ordained their pas- 
 tor.* After his ordination, Mr. W. returned with the 
 council, and soon came up with his wife, and other 
 settlers, with four of their wives. These were the 
 first women that came into the town, excepting two 
 who passed the previous winter in the block-house, 
 (itieeting-house.) Mr.W. erected his house on Horse- 
 shoe pond \iv][\ but after the Indians became hos- 
 tile, he removed his house into a fort which he erec- 
 ted, and remained within its walls, with seven other 
 families, until the wars, in which the Indians en- 
 gaged, were ended. During this time, the house 
 of worship stood without the walls of the garrison,. 
 
 * See notice of Mr. Walker's settlement, p. 13. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 43 
 
 where the inhabitants attended armed and in com- 
 panies. 
 
 Many anecdotes are related of Mr. W. which 
 prove him to have been a favorite with the Indians, 
 who, even in times of danger and hostihties, were 
 hospitably entertained within the walls of his fort. 
 The merciless cruelties of the Indians, exercised 
 most frequently upon the v/eak and defenceless, 
 had created a sentiment of hostility against them, 
 which now, as their extermination seemed rapidly 
 approaching, rendered these little offices of friend- 
 ship very delightful to them. An Indian never for- 
 gets a benefit, and many of them regarded Mr. W. 
 as a father and friend. 
 
 The years of Mr. W. until the dispute between 
 Bow, (or rather the government of New-Hamp- 
 shire) and Concord, were passed in opening and 
 improving his farm, and in the discharge of his 
 parochial duties. At this time, he was chosen agent 
 for the town to defend their law suits, and for this 
 purpose made three voyages to England. Sir 
 William Murray, afterwards Lord Mansfield, was 
 his counsellor and advocate in the first cause. The 
 last case detained him in England about two years. 
 During this period, he had frequent interviews with 
 Lord Mansfield at his Chambers, who the year be- 
 fore, was his counsel, and the conversation was 
 often relative to the affairs of America. Mr. Kilby, 
 an eminent merchant of Boston, was at that time 
 in London, and introduced Mr. W. to many of the 
 Ministry. From the manner and spirit of their re- 
 marks, when they spoke of America, he was con- 
 vinced, and observed to the late Dr. Chaun- 
 c€y, " that nothing but the absolute submission of 
 the colonies would satisfy Britain, and that, in the 
 end, we must have a war with Old England and a 
 league with France." He was ever a firm advo- 
 cate for the rights of the colonies, and at the com- 
 mencement of hostilities in 1775, although far ad- 
 vanced in years, he encouraged the people to be 
 
44 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 decided and persevering in their struggle for Inde- 
 pendence. He was chosen by the town a dele- 
 gate to the first Provincial Congress, and evinced 
 great ardor in the American cause, and an un- 
 shaken conviction of its justice and success. He 
 did not live, however, to see the truth of his predic- 
 tions, and the accomplishment of his most sanguine 
 wishes. 
 
 Mr. Walker's zeal in the cause of his country 
 was firm and untiring. When Capt. Jonathan 
 Eastman returned from Bennington, bringing the 
 first intelligence of the victory, Mr. Walker came 
 running out to meet him, eagerly inquiring " What 
 news ? friend Eastman ! what news ?" The cap- 
 tain related to him the joyful tidings ; and the good 
 old patriot exclaimed, " Blessed be God ! the coun- 
 try is saved — I can now die in peace !" 
 
 In his ministry, BIr. Walker was extremely tol- 
 erant. Firm in his own tenets ; yet to others of 
 different persuasions, kind and charitable ; forcibly 
 recommending to all, what he adopted himself, the 
 Bible alone as the rule of their faith and practice. 
 Under his ministry, for 52 years, the town was har- 
 moniously united in one congregation, and he died 
 universally lamented by a people, among whom he 
 had lived in honor and usefulness. 
 
 The constitution of 1783 was accepted by f^e 
 people, and introduced at Concord, June 2d, 1784, 
 by a religious solemnity. 
 
 Until this period, the town had been styled and 
 recognized in all its proceedings, as " the parish 
 of Concord," being thus named, in the act of incor- 
 poration. January 2d, this year, by an act of the 
 legislature, " a gore of land lying at the north-east 
 corner of Concord, consisting of about 1050 acres, 
 in Loudon and Canterbury," was annexed to " the 
 town of Concord." 
 
 1783. Labor on the highway, 45. per diem. At a meeting Sept. 29, tliis year, 
 " voted to receive the Constitution of Government as alwrcd in Juae last. 
 Yeas 20. Nays 10. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 4^ 
 
 1785. — The main-street was laid out by a com- 
 mittee, consisting of Messrs. Benjamin Emery, 
 Joseph Hall, John Bradley, Reuben Kimball and 
 Joseph Farnum. 
 
 1786. — Though the State had now recovered 
 from the anxieties and dangers of a revolution, a 
 spirit of disquietude still existed among the peo- 
 ple. The large debt occasioned by the war threw 
 heavy burthens upon them, and the constant de- 
 preciation of the currency, aided by its frequent is- 
 sue, caused loud complaints. The call for a new 
 emission of paper was incessant and clamorous. In 
 almost every town, meetings were holden and the 
 subject debated with warmth. The citizens of 
 Concord, however, in town meeting, voted, " that it 
 was inexpedient for this state to make paper money 
 on any plan whatever." Those who were zealous 
 for paper currency, and against the laws which 
 obliged them to pay their debts, now became clam- 
 orous against the cc ^s and lawyers : they held 
 them up as public nuisances, and wished to abolish 
 the one, that they might impose a sufficient check 
 upon the exactions of the other. An attempt was 
 made to call a convention at Concord, during the 
 session of the legislature, who should petition the 
 government in favor of the plan. It was thought 
 that the presence of a large body of men, convened 
 under such circumstances, would have great w eight. 
 The attempt was defeated in a manner singular aad 
 ludicrous. 
 
 At the first sitting of the assembly in June, when 
 only five members of the proposed convention were 
 in town, some wags, among whom were several 
 young lawyers, pretended to have been chosen by 
 the towns in which they lived for the same purpose. 
 In conference with the five, they penetrated their 
 views,and persuaded them to post an advertisement, 
 requesting all the members who were in town to 
 assemble immediately, it being of the utmost im- 
 
 7 
 
46 AKNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 portance to present their petition as early in the 
 session as possible. By this mean, sixteen pretend- 
 ed members, witli five real ones, formed themselves 
 into a convention, choosing one of the five their 
 president, and one of the sixteen their clerk. They 
 carried on their debates and passed votes with mnch 
 apparent solemnity. Having framed a petition, 
 complaining in the most extravagant terms of their 
 grievances ; praying for a loan of three millions of 
 dollars, funded on real estate ; for the abolition of 
 inferior courts, and a reduction of the number of 
 laivyers to only two in each county ; and for a free 
 trade with all the world ; they went in procession 
 to the Assembly, (some of whom had been previ- 
 ously let into the secret) and with great formality 
 presented their petition, which was suffered to lie 
 on the table. The convention then dissolved — the 
 petition was withdrawn — and when others, who 
 had been I'eally chosen by tl^ towns, arrived, they 
 were exceedingly mortified on finding their views 
 for that time so completely frustrated. The pro- 
 ceedings of this mock convention were, for a long 
 time, subjects of sport and ridicule. 
 
 The public excitement, however, did not stop 
 here. County conventions were called — petitions 
 presented to the legislature — and the ferment at 
 last subsided in the arrest and punishment of the 
 rioters at Exeter.* 
 
 The meeting-house was this year finished, and 
 the pews disposed of. At a meeting in December, 
 the town voted " to give Mr. Jonathan Wilkins a 
 call to the pastoral care of the church ; and a salary 
 (in case he accepted) of £100, with the use of the 
 parsonage, excepting the meadow lot — beside 
 £200 as a settlement^" Mr. Wilkins did not accept 
 the invitation. 
 
 At their annual meeting in 1788, the town voted 
 to petition the legislature for a neio county. Col. 
 Timothy Walker was appointed agent, and directed 
 
 * See Belknap's account of the insurrection, &c. vol. ii. ch. 27, Hist. N. H. 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 47 
 
 to correspond with gentlemen in other towns upon 
 the subject. Sept. 1, the inhabitants voted to give 
 Mr. Israel Evans a call to the ministry, with £90 
 salary, and the use of the parsonage, three acres 
 excepted, which had been disposed of; and also 
 £13 addition to his salary annually, instead of a 
 * settlement' 
 
 In March, 1789, Mr. Evans accepted the call of 
 the church and people, and his installation took place 
 on the 1st July following. Introductory prayer, by 
 Rev. Jeremy Belknap ; Discourse, by Rev. Mr. 
 Eckley, of Boston ; Ordaining prayer, by Rev. Mr. 
 Woodman ; Charge, by Rev. Dr. Macclintock ; Fel- 
 lowship of the Churches, by Rev. Mr. Colby ; and 
 Concluding prayer, by Rev. Mr. Smith. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Evans continued to preach unto the 
 people of this place, until 1797. In April, of that 
 year, he announced his " intention of resigning to 
 the town their pulpit, and of finishing his work of 
 the ministry in the place on the first of July." The 
 town signified to him their approbation of his in- 
 tention, and appointed a committee to wait upon 
 the Ecclesiastical Council, and lay before them the 
 proceedings of the town in that respect. The Coun- 
 cil approved of their proceedings ; and as no formal 
 charges had been exhibited against Mr. Evans, 
 they recommended him " to the churches, and to 
 the work of the ministr}^, wherever God in his 
 providence might open a door." 
 
 Measures were taken without delay to settle 
 another clergyman, and on the 28th December, the 
 town voted to invite Mr. Asa M'Farland to settle 
 among them. A salary of $350, with the use of 
 all the improved lands of the parsonage, was voted, 
 with " liberty to cut what wood and timber on the 
 out-lands he might need." Jan. 27, 1798, Rev. Mr. 
 M'Farland, in an affectionate letter to the church 
 and people, accepted their call to the pastoral care 
 of the church ; and his ordination took place on 
 the 7th March following. The officiating clergy- 
 
48 
 
 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 men, were the Rev. Stephen Peabod}^ of Atkinson ; 
 Rev. John Smith, of Hanover ; Rev. Josepli Wood- 
 man, of Sanbornton ; Rev. Zaccheus Colby, of 
 Pembroke ; Rev. Frederick Parker, of Canterbury ; 
 Rev. Jedidiah Tucker, of Loudon ; and Rev. Jo- 
 siah Carpenter, of Chichester. Mr. M'Farland wa» 
 a native of Worcester, Mass., born April 19, 1769 ; 
 was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1793, and 
 afterwards served as a tutor for two years. The 
 degree of J). D. was conferred upon him by Yale 
 College, under the venerable D wight, in 1809, and 
 the same year, he was appointed a trustee of Dart- 
 mouth College..,,. This latter appointment, he re- 
 signed in 1821.* 
 
 On the 21st June, 1798, died Major Daniel Liver- 
 more, aged 49. He was an active officer during the 
 revolution, ami in many of those important battles 
 which decided the fate of the contest. He was a 
 useful citizen, and was repeatedly honored hy his 
 fellow^ toM^nsmen. 
 
 With the public transactions of the town subse- 
 quent to this period, perhaps every citizen is well 
 acquainted. Its proceedings have been those 
 merely which related to its internal affairs, and are 
 too recent, too fresh in the memory, to need recital. 
 It is interesting, however, to glance at the rapid 
 improvements in business and wealth which have 
 been made here within the last tventy years. In 
 1798, there were but two or three trading houses in 
 town ; the settlements were thinly scattered ; and 
 though there were then several enterprising and ac- 
 tive citizens, engaged in business, the village did 
 not exhibit that outward show of prosperity 
 which it does at present. The grounds where the 
 
 * The ancestors of Dr. M'Failand were among that colony of Scots, who, in 
 Uie reign of James I., removed to the province of Ulster, in Ireland. His grand- 
 father, Andrew M'Farland, emigrated to this country, and settled in Worcester, 
 about the time of the settlement of Londonderry, in this State. He left three sons, 
 William, James and Daniel. William died at Worcester, and also James, the 
 father of Dr. M'F.— Daniel removed to the western part of Pennsylvania, about 
 the commencement of the revolution, and finally settled on the Monongahela, 
 where his descendants now live. 
 
ANNALS OP CONCORD. 49 
 
 lofty edifices erected by the State are situated, 
 were then covered with bushes and trees ; and if 
 the prophecy of a facetious legislator, who dread- 
 ed some Eojyptian visiters, had no foundation, he 
 might have" stated that its thickets had afforded 
 shelter to far less musical animals. 
 
 The pubhc buildings are the Capitol, the State 
 Penitentiary, the Court-House, and the meeting- 
 house. 
 4 The building of the Capitol was commenced m 
 ^^81G ; and the legislature convened in its halls in 
 J 819. It is situated in the centre of the village, up- 
 on a gently inclined plane betwec^i^Aain and State 
 streets, and has two regular fronts, east and west. 
 The centre of the building is fifty feet in front by 
 fifty-seven in depth ; the wings are each thirty- 
 eight feet in front by forty-nine in depth ; the 
 whole making a parallelogram of one hundred and 
 twenty-six feet in length by forty-nine in width, 
 with the addition of a projection in the centre of 
 each front of four feet. It is two stories above the 
 basement, which rises five feet above the surface 
 of the ground : the first story is nineteen feet ; 
 the second eighteen feet in the wing, and thirty- 
 
 1790. Aug. 30. The town voted " one hundred pounds for building a house for 
 the accommodation of the General Court," to be 80 by 40 feet, and 15 feet post, 
 
 1792. Oct. 11. The 11th regiment, for the first time paraded on Eastman's plain. 
 1794. Dec. 8th, The town voted " to give, in addition to tiie Continental pay for 
 
 the town's quota of minute-men, so much as shall make each one's pay eight dol- 
 lars per month, and one month's pay to be advanced to each man when they shall 
 be called to march." 
 
 179G. The inhabitants voted to fioish the town-house, and appropriated £60 for 
 that purpose. 
 
 1797. At a meeting in December, it was " voted that the men that enlist, shall 
 have ten dollars with what the Congress give, and if called into service to have 
 one month's pay in advance." Also, " voted that the selectmen give those persons 
 that shall enlist, a handsome treat at the expense of the town." 
 
 1793. Thisyear,the lines between Concord and Loudon, vere perambulated and 
 fixed by the selectmen of the respective towns. 
 
 1800. Lines between Hopkinton and Concord, and Canterbury and Concord, 
 perambulated by the selectmen ; and again in 1808. 
 1805. Lines run between Boscawen and Concord by selectmen. 
 1813. Bye-laws adopted relative to extinguishing of fires. 
 
50 ANINALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 one in the centre. The roofs of the wings are lev- 
 elled at the outer ends and rise ten feet against the 
 body of the centre ; the roof of the centre rises 
 thirteen feet, presenting gable ends in front ; from 
 the middle of which, the cupola rises, eighteen 
 feet square, to the heiglit of fifteen feet above the 
 ridge ; thence in an octangular form, thirteen feet 
 in diameter, seventeen feet, and is covered with a 
 roof in the form of an inverted acorn rising to the 
 height of nine feet, and surmounted with a gilt 
 ball, thirty-three inches in diameter, on which stands 
 an eagle six and a half feet in height, with its 
 wings partially, j^xpanded. Each front has in its 
 lower stoiy three doors and six windows, and in its 
 upper story, nine windows, with a semi-elliptical 
 window in each gable end : four windows in the 
 south, and two in the north end. The outside walls 
 of the building are of granite stone, hammered, and 
 built in a plain style — the only ornament being a 
 Tuscan frontispiece of stone work at each central 
 front door. The roof and cupola are of wooden 
 materials. The roof is ornamented with a coving 
 appropriate to the Doric order, and a balustrade up- 
 on the wings. The square part of the cupola is 
 ornamented with twelve Ionic columns, three at 
 each corner, placed in a triangular position, with 
 an appropriate coving and balustrade. The octan- 
 gular part has one Ionic column at each corner, 
 surmounted with an urn. 
 
 In the second stoiy of the centre is the Repre- 
 sentatives' chamber, with an arched ceiling rising 
 thirty feet from the floor, elegantly finished witli 
 stucco-work. The north wing contains the Senate 
 chamber, eighteen feet in height, with a beautiful 
 ceiling of plaistering, ornamented with stucco-work, 
 supported by four Ionic columns and an equal 
 number of pilasters. This room, for its neatness 
 and elegance of finishing, is not perhaps inferior to 
 any in the United States. In the south wing are 
 contained the Council chamber and anti-chamber, 
 
ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 51 
 
 both of which are finished in a handsome style. 
 In the same wing, in the lower story, which is di- 
 vided into two parts, are the Secretary's and Treas- 
 lu-er's offices, over which is a suite of committee 
 rooms. In the north wing, under the Senate cham- 
 ber, is a spacious room intended for public hear- 
 ings before committees of the legislature. Under 
 the Representatives' chamber, is an open area, 
 in which are eight Doric columns, supporting the 
 flooring above. This area, with the adjacent pas- 
 sages in the wings, cooled by the current of fresh air 
 passing through the spacious doors and windows^ 
 opening into them, affords, in the warm month of 
 June, a delightful retreat to legislators, when fa- 
 tigued by long attention to their arduous duties, or 
 heated by the ardor of debate, above stairs ; and 
 it is by no means an uncommon case to see them 
 avaihng themselves of the benefits of this pleasant 
 retirement. 
 
 The lot on which the State House stands con- 
 tains something more than two acres, enclosed on 
 its sides with a solid wall of hammered stone about 
 five feet high ; the front fences are of stone posts 
 and sills and iron castings, with gates of the same 
 material. 
 
 The expences of building this house, including 
 the fences, the lot of ground on which it stands and 
 the furniture of the house, amounted to nearly 
 eighty-two thousand dollars. Few public build- 
 ings in the United States are superior to this in the 
 beauty of its construction, or the convenience of its 
 apartments. The architects were Messrs. Stuart 
 J. Park and Levi Brigham ; the superintending 
 committee, Messrs. Albe Cady, William Low 
 and Jeremiah Pecker. The lot of land on which 
 the building stands, the stone for the house, and 
 drawing the same, were furnished the State by a 
 few public spirited individuals, at an expense of 
 about $4000. 
 
 The State Prison was erected in 1812 ; and 
 cost, with the appurtenances, about ^37,000 ; 
 
52 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 since which time nearly ^5000 have been drawn 
 from the public treasury to defray the expense of 
 additional buildings, and a new work liouse, the 
 first one having been destroyed by fire in 1819. 
 The prison is situated on State street, north of the 
 Capitol, and is three stories high, built entirely of 
 granite. It is 70 feet in length, 36 feet wide, the 
 walls of which are three feet in. thickness. It con- 
 tains in all 36 cells, the dimensions of which are 8 
 feet by 9, with the exception of six in the upper 
 stor3^,for the accommodation of the sick, &c. which 
 are 10 by 17. The yard is enclosed by a faced 
 wall of 259 feet by 192, fourteen feet high, sur- 
 mounted by a range of pickets ten feet in length. 
 Connected with the prison, is a house for the ac- 
 commodation of the warden, his family, guards, 
 &c., built also of granite, four stories high, exclu- 
 sive of the basement, and is 49 feet by 22. The 
 officers, &c. of this institution are a warden, phy- 
 sician, chaplain, deputy-warden, four guards, tAvo 
 overseers of the work-shops — the v/hole of whom 
 receive their pay directly from the proceeds of the 
 prison, with the exception of the warden, wliose 
 salary, ^800, is drawn from the treasury. The 
 Governor and Council, for the time being, consti- 
 tute the board of directors, or visiters. The con- 
 victs are employed in stone-cutting, coopering, 
 smithing, shoe-making, weaving, and tailoring. 
 
 The meeting-house was erected in 1751. Pre- 
 vious to this, the inhabitants worshipped in the 
 building, erected in 1727, for the defence of the set- 
 tlement In 1802, an addition was made to the 
 front of the present house, consisting of a semi- 
 circle, projecting thirty feet, and divided into seven 
 angles, with a gallery. This alteration makes the 
 house one of the largest and most convenient in 
 the State. 
 
 The county Court-House was originally the town 
 house, and was altered and repaired during the year 
 1823, expressly for the purpose of accommodating 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 53 
 
 the courts, at the expense, partly of the town, and 
 partly of individuals. It is one of the most com- 
 modious county buildings in the State. 
 
 The Society of Friends have a meeting-house, 
 standing near the Congregational church. And the 
 building of a new brick church for the Baptists 
 was commenced in the fall of 1823, a few rods 
 south of the Capitol. 
 
 An act of the Legislature, passed July 1, 1823, 
 constituting the county of Merrimack, established 
 this town as the seat of justice. This measure, so 
 highly beneficial to the people of the new county, 
 will also prove a source of additional business to 
 he town. 
 
 During the brief period which has elapsed since 
 the commencement of the present century, many 
 estimable and useful men have departed. Nearly 
 all the children and grand-children of the first set- 
 tlers have left the stage ; and a new generation, ac- 
 tuated by different motives, enjoying superior ad- 
 vantages, are succeeding them, reaping the fruits of 
 their toils, their enterprize and watchfulness. It is 
 to be hoped they will imitate their virtues, their 
 strict moral habits, and their persevering industry 
 in the common pursuits of life. 
 
 HiOQVsplmul Jtottcris. 
 It will not be deemed impertinent, in closing 
 these brief sketches, to notice some of the most 
 distinguished citizens of this town, who have de- 
 ceased. In doing this, the writer is actuated by no 
 other motive than a wish to perpetuate their good 
 fame, and with it, the salutary influence of their 
 examples. The memory of great and good men, 
 whatever may have been their sphere of action, 
 exalted or humble, should be warmly cherished, if 
 
 a 
 
54 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 not for the delight with which we may contemplate 
 their character, and the lessons we may draw there- 
 from, — at least for the rich impressions it may give 
 the generations that are to come. 
 
 If many names of worth and usefulness are left 
 unnoticed, the apology must be, not that the writer 
 was unwilling to extend these notices, but that, af- 
 ter a long period of diligent research, he has been 
 able to obtain no more. 
 
 Sir BENJAMIN THOMPSON. 
 
 Benjamin Thompson, though not a native of this 
 town, spent several years of usefulness in the place. 
 He was born at Wobum, Mass. March 26, 1753. 
 His father died while he was very young, leaving 
 him to the care of a guardian. He received a com- 
 mon school education, and was placed first with 
 Dr. Hay, a physician of Wobum, where during the 
 intervals of study, he amused himself in making sur- 
 gical instruments, &c. which he finished in a hand- 
 some style. He was next placed as clerk in a store 
 at Salem. His aversion to this business was soon 
 manifested, and he was oftener found with a pen- 
 knife, file and gimblet under the counter, than with 
 his pen and books in the counting-room. He was 
 fond of the study of chemistry, and enthusiastic in 
 his devotion to mechanics and mathematics. At 
 Salem, he undertook to prepare some fire works, or 
 rockets. While pounding the ingredients, it was 
 supposed a particle of sand, treacherously conceal- 
 ed in the mass, caused a scintillation, and the whole 
 exploded in his face and bosom. The injury which 
 he experienced was severe, and added to a tempo- 
 rary loss of sight, * the skin of his face and bosom 
 was taken away with the bandages. Such an ap- 
 prentice, it might easily be perceived, would not 
 answer the purposes of a merchant. 
 
 Youns; Thompson continued his studies and phi- 
 losophical inquiries with diligence. Among other 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 
 
 55 
 
 things, he attempted to solve that great desidera- 
 tum— jserpe^wa/ motion. After residing at Salem 
 and Boston about two years, he returned to his 
 mother in Woburn, his friends receiving him with 
 unwelcome pity, impressed with a belief that he 
 would never fix" his mind upon any regular employ- 
 ment, by which he could gain a support. 
 
 Through the kindness of a friend, Thompson 
 was admitted to the philosophical lectures com- 
 menced at Cambridge about the year 1769; this 
 was a rich feast to him, and he zealously improved 
 his opportunity, making rapid advances in his fa- 
 vorite studies. In 1772, he commenced school- 
 keepina; in Bradford, Mass. ; and soon after remov- 
 ed to this town. He taught school here with suc- 
 cess ; and afterwards married Mrs. Sarah Rolfe, 
 widow of B. Rolfe, Esq. and daughter of the first 
 minister of Concord, by whom he had one daugh- 
 ter, lately living in France. Pleased with parade 
 and the beau monde, and enjoying from the good- 
 ness of nature all the personal recommendations, 
 which attract the admiration of the world, he nev- 
 er appeared at public entertainments, or in fashion- 
 able circles, without being respectfully noticed. 
 In an excursion, which he made from Concord 
 to Portsmouth, with his lady, to be present 
 at a military review or some holiday, his gen- 
 teel appearance and manly, impressive address at- 
 tracted the observation of many, and among others 
 he was particularly noticed by the governor, Went- 
 worth, who invited him to his party, and never 
 spoke of Mr. Thompson but with delight. The 
 civil and friendly manner, in which he had thus been 
 treated by the Governor, was not mere etiquette, 
 as was sufficiently manifested a little time after- 
 wards, by having the offer of a Major^s commis- 
 sion. This mark of esteem and confidence was 
 peculiarly gratifying to Mr. Thompson, as he pos- 
 sessed a genius and taste for military operations. 
 
56 
 
 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 Mr. Thompson lived with his wife about two 
 years ; when the revolution commencing, and being 
 a staunch friend of the government, he was obliged 
 to quit his family and rural residence ; and he re- 
 tired within the lines of the British army. In Oc- 
 tober, 1775, he went to Rhode-Island ; embarked 
 for Boston harbor ; and in January following, sailed 
 for England. On arriving in London, he was in- 
 troduced to Lord Germaine, (afterwards Lord 
 Sackville) then presiding at the head of the Amer- 
 ican department, who conceived a warm friendship 
 for him. In his office, he enjoyed an honorable 
 post, until, nearly at the close of the contest, he 
 was sent over to New-York ; raised a regiment of 
 dragoons ; obtained the provincial rank of lieuten- 
 ant colonel, and became entitled to half-pay, which 
 he received till his death. 
 
 After his return to England, in 1784, the King 
 conferred upon him the honor of knighthood. This 
 event was a prelude to public honors elsewhere. — 
 Sir Benjamin Thompson had become acquainted 
 with the minister ot one of the most respectable 
 German princes. This, together with his growing- 
 greatness, induced his Serene Highness the Elector 
 Palatine, reigning Duke of Bavaria, to invite him 
 into his service, and honorable terms were propos- 
 ed to him. He applied for, and obtained the King's 
 permission to proceed to Munich. Here he soon 
 obtained considerable iniluence in public affairs — 
 was instrumental in the introduction of various re- 
 forms in the police — and enjoying the confidence 
 and patronage of the Prince, he had an opportunity 
 to reduce to practice his schemes of economy and 
 
 {public improvement. He was soon raised to the 
 lighest military rank, and created a Count of the 
 Empire. The remembrance of his native land, 
 and of his youthful enjoyments in this town, induc- 
 ed him to add to his title that of Rumford. Men- 
 dicity had become a public calamity in many of the 
 German cities, and threatened the most alarming 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 57 
 
 eonsequences. Conceiving the project of applying 
 a remedy, and having taken the proper measures, 
 Count Rumford, at a given day and hour, accom- 
 panied by several military officers, and a body of 
 troops, issued orders for seizing all the beggars at 
 Munich ; and being determined to obviate the pos- 
 sibility of disgrace, attached to such a measure, he 
 began by arresting the first proper o!"ject with his 
 own hands. No sooner had he done this, than the 
 officers and men, without making any scruple or 
 difficulty whatever, cleared the streets with prompt- 
 ness and success ; but at the same time with all 
 imaginable good nature — so tliat in the course of a 
 single day, not a beggar was to be seen in the wliole 
 range of the metropolis. But to sweep away tiie 
 whole mendicant tribe, would have done nothing 
 effectual, had not houses of industry been opened for 
 their constant employment, and wholesome viands 
 been procured them. His scheme succeeded ad- 
 mirably. By active exertions, he introduced vari- 
 ous manufactures, and thus affording employment 
 to the poorer classes, prevented a renewal of for- 
 mer scenes of indolence, suffering, and vice. — 
 Wherever he went, his schemes for the public ad- 
 vantage were well received ; and his fame, as a phi- 
 losopher and philanthropist continued to increase. 
 He received many favors from the sovereigns of 
 the continent. The Elector Palatine created him 
 a Count, and procured for him the order of St. Stan- 
 islaus, from the King of Poland; made him a knight, 
 chamberlain, privy counsellor of state, lieutenant 
 general in his service, as Duke of Bavaria, colonel 
 of his regiment of artillery, and commander-in- 
 chief of the general staff of his army. He w^as al- 
 so honored by all the learned societies of Europe, 
 and of his native country. But these high-sound- 
 ing titles were mere baubles, when compared to 
 his just fame as a philosopher. He made liberal 
 bequests to different institutions in his native coun- 
 try ; and died at his country seat of Auteuil, France, 
 
58 AiNNALS OF CONCOllD. 
 
 where he had spent the latter years of his hfe, in 
 1814. An eloquent eulogy on his character was 
 read before the Institute of France, by M. Cuvier, 
 Jan. 9, 1815, in which a just view is taken of his 
 various discoveries in science, and of his personal 
 exertions and fame. 
 
 Little did his friends, who witnessed with sorrow 
 his juvenile pranks, his disregard of any regular 
 business, anticipate his future fame. Little did the 
 scholars who attended to his instructions in this 
 village in 1 773-4, and who were sometimes amused 
 with his athletic exercises, and his odd experiments 
 — dream that their master was to be clothed with 
 the stars of princes, and acquire a fame that should 
 be lasting and honorable. While contemplating his 
 character, we do not stop to inquire the motives 
 which induced him to abandon the cause of his na- 
 tive country ; but reflect, that, though driven from 
 her shores, and grown illustrious amongst her ene- 
 mies, he yet bequeathed to her institutions his es- 
 tate, to her citizens his fame. 
 
 Hon. THOMAS W. THOMPSON. 
 
 On the first day of October, 1821, died the hon- 
 orable Thomas W. ThompsoxX. He was born in 
 Boston, Mass. in the m.onth of March, in the year 
 1765. His father, the late deacon Thomas Thomp- 
 son, was a native of Alnwick, in North-Britain. 
 His mother, Isabella White, was born in Glasgow, 
 in ^Scotland. The period of their emigration from 
 Europe to Boston is not recollected. They remo- 
 ved from Boston to Newburyport, when he was 
 quite young. He was fitted for college at Dum- 
 mer Academy, in the parish of Byfield, in Newbu- 
 ry, Mass. by the venerable Samuel Moody, a Pre- 
 ceptor, who was no less distinguished for talent at 
 governing his pupils, than for his thorough knowl- 
 edge of the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew languages. 
 He entered the college at Cambridge in the year 
 1782, and received the degree of A. B. in 1786. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 59 
 
 Soon after he left college, the insurrection in Mas- 
 sachusetts, of which Daniel Shays was nominal 
 leader, broke out, and he entered into the army as 
 an aid to General Lincoln, commander of the army 
 of Massachusetts, and served during the whole 
 campaign, in a severe winter, and until the insurrec- 
 tion was quelled. He afterwards pursued the study 
 of Theology, in order to qualify himself for the pul- 
 pit. While engaged in that study, he was appointed 
 a Tutor in the College at Cambridge ; he accepted 
 the appointment, and was very much a favorite 
 with the students, to whom he was rendered pecu- 
 liarly agreeable by the suavity of his manners, and 
 native, easy, unaffected politeness — qualities, at 
 that day, too rare among the learned instructors of 
 colleges. Leaving the office of tutor, he com- 
 menced the study of law, under the tuition of The- 
 ophilus Parsons, " the giant of the law," who then 
 lived at Newburyport. Being admitted to prac- 
 tice at the bar, he came into New-Hampshire in 
 June, 1791, and commenced practice near the south 
 meeting-house, in Salisbury, where he remained 
 about one year, and then removed to the river 
 road, in Salisbury, where he continued in the prac- 
 tice of law until he went the first time to Wash- 
 ington, a representative in Congress. He then 
 withdrew from judicial courts, though he contin- 
 ued through life to give advice as a counsellor at 
 law. Soon after he came into this State, his tal- 
 ents, industry, integrity, and knowledge of the law, 
 introduced him to a very extensive and lucrative 
 practice, and he became well known at the bar, in 
 most of the counties in this State. 
 
 In the year 1801, he became a member of the 
 board of trustees of Dartmouth college, and con- 
 tinued such, until he resigned his seat a short 
 time before his death. Of this board, he was an 
 active and efficient member. He was, from 1 805 to 
 1807, a Representative, and once a Senator in the 
 Congress of the United States. He represented the 
 
(JO ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 town of Salisbury once or twice in the Legislature, 
 After his removal to Concord, he was several times 
 elected a Representative of that town. He was 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives of this 
 State at a time when party spirit was at its great- 
 est height ; and, even at that time, his political 
 opponents bore willing testimony to his candor, 
 ability and impartiality in the discharge of the du- 
 ties of that office. 
 
 In the year 1 809, he removed from Salisbury to 
 Concord, where he ever after resided until his 
 death. In August, 1819, he sat out on a journey 
 to Quebec, and was on board the steam-boat Phoe- 
 nix, bound from Burlington to Canada, at the time 
 of its destruction by fire at midnight on lake Cham- 
 plain. The vessel was all on fire, and the people 
 on board were leaving her in two small boats, 
 while he was left asleep. Waking, he saw the sit- 
 uation of the vessel, and that the last boat was 
 leaving her. He jumped into the boat, already filled 
 nearly to sinking, and was the last person who 
 escaped from the burning vessel. The terrors and 
 fatigue of that night probably produced the disease 
 which put a period to his life. 
 
 Hon. TIMOTHY WALKER. 
 
 The honorable Timothy Walker, son of the first 
 minister of Concord, was born in 1737, on the pa- 
 ternal farm where he died, May 5, 1822. His ear- 
 lier year^ were employed in the pursuits of hus- 
 bandry, and the acquirement of an education ; he 
 was a good farmer, and his reputation as a scholar 
 stood high in the class which graduated at Cam- 
 bridge in 1756. He at first designed to engage in 
 the work of the ministry, and qualified himself for 
 that purpose. But the increasing complaints of his 
 country were to him the premonitions of a mighty 
 struggle, and convinced him that she would soon 
 need active spirits on her side. He resolved to re- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 61 
 
 linquish his favorite design, and exert himself for 
 the good of his country. 
 
 At the commencement of the revolution, a peri- 
 od of much doubt and peril, when most men were 
 agitated, and many trembled for the fate of the colo- 
 nies — Walker was found among the most judicious, 
 3 et determined supporters of the revolution. In 
 almost every town of the country there were many 
 still loyal to the British crown, and who, though in 
 common with their fellow citizens they felt its un- 
 hallowed oppressions, were yet willing to endure 
 them. To counteract their exertions was required 
 the utmost vigilance of ever}^ friend of liberty. At 
 this critical moment, when the alternative presented 
 of abandoning the country, or arresting her inbred 
 enemies — when personal friendships must be sacri- 
 ficed at the altar of freedom, and the charities of 
 private life be broken off in watchfulness of public 
 enemies, — Walker was eminently useful; and 
 though he exerted himself to prevent unnecessary 
 riots or tumultuous proceedings, he was vigilant in 
 pursuing the proper course to subserve the inter- 
 est* of the countr}^ He was entrusted with vari- 
 ous duties by the government, and in 1776, was a 
 member of the Committee of Safety for the State, 
 who in the recess of Congress, exercised the pow- 
 ers of that body. He commanded a regiment of 
 minute-men in New-Hampshire, was afterwards 
 paymaster of the New-Hampshire forces, and serv- 
 ed a campaign at Winter-Hill under General Sulli- 
 van. He was a member of the convention which 
 formed our excellent Constitution, was afterwards 
 frequently elected a Representative and Senator to 
 the State Legislature, and was ever found an unde- 
 viating advocate of the cause of his country. He 
 was for several years chief-justice of the court 
 of common pleas, and was respected for his up- 
 rightness and candor. 
 
62 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 At an advanced age, Judge Walker retired from 
 active life to the enjoyment of his farm, and domes- 
 tic ease and affluence. In private life, he was 
 amiable and sincere ; in his manners, frank and 
 honorable ; and in his conversation, exhibiting the 
 agreeable powers of an independent and well cul- 
 tivated mind. To the aged, he was a cheerful 
 and kind companion ; to the young, a paternal 
 friend and counsellor : and both had before them 
 in his life a pattern of public and private rectitude. 
 
 Doctor PHILIP CARRIGAIN. 
 
 Doctor Philip Carrigain, was born in the city of 
 New-York, A. D. 174C. His father, who was also 
 a physician, emigrated from one of the British 
 ports, to that city ; where he died after a short 
 residence. From the little that has been preserv- 
 ed of his history, it is known that he was for some 
 time, a student, or an assistant, in one of the Hos- 
 pitals in London ; and that he was in the service of 
 the Pretender in Scotland, A. D. 1745 ; and from 
 memorials he has left, appears to have been a fin- 
 ished scholar. Doct. C. was brought in his youth 
 to Haverhill, Mass. where he studied physic with 
 the late Doct. Bricket. He came to Concord in 
 1768, where he established himself as a physician 
 and surgeon. Tiiere were then but few of the fac- 
 ulty, in this section of the country ; and as he dis- 
 covered extraordinary skill and decision, in the 
 management of tlie cases confided to him, he rose 
 rapidly to the highest eminence in his profession, 
 and for the greater part of his succeeding life, had 
 a more extensive practice, than perhaps, any other 
 physician of his time, in the State. He died in 
 August, 1806. His lady died the December pre- 
 ceding. She was the daughter of the late Thomas 
 Clough, Esq. of Canterbury, and was remarkable 
 for tl^e strength and fortitude of her mind ; and for 
 her humanity and judgment, in attending and ad- 
 ministering to the sick. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 63 
 
 Rev. ISRAEL EVANS. 
 
 The reverend Israel Evans, the second clergy- 
 man settled in Concord, was born in Pennsylvania 
 in 1747 ; received his education at Princeton col- 
 lege, where he graduated in 1772 ; was settled 
 here July 1, 1789; resigned his pastoral charge 
 July 1, 1797. He was engaged previous to his set- 
 tlement here, in the capacity of chaplain in the rev- 
 olutionary army, and was the only chaplain, who 
 continued in service during the whole struggle. 
 He was with Montgomery before Quebeck — at the 
 capture of Burgoyne — accompanied Gen. Sullivan 
 on his Indian expedition, and witnessed the surren- 
 der of Cornwallis at Yorktown. His zeal in the 
 cause of his country frequently led him to expose 
 his life in battle ; particularly, in Sullivan's engage- 
 ment with the Indians, where he acted as an aid to 
 the general. He died on the 9th of March, 1807, 
 at the age of 60 years. 
 
 Col. THOMAS STICKNEY. 
 
 Col. Thomas Stickney died in this tOAvn on the 
 26th of January, 1809, in the 80th year of his age. 
 He was a native of Bradford, Mass. and son of 
 Lieut. Jeremiah Stickney, who settled in this town, 
 when the former was but two years of age, about 
 the year 1731. In common with others of his fel- 
 low-citizens, Stickney was exposed to the dangers 
 of Indian warfare, and was useful to the settlement 
 in forwarding active measures of defence. His 
 brother, William Stickney^ was taken by the In- 
 dians at the massacre of the Bradleys, in 1746, and 
 was accidentally drowned on his return from cap- 
 tivity. Thomas, at the dawn of the revolution, was 
 appointed to the command of a regiment of militia ; 
 and besides several local military services, he was 
 at the battle of Bennington, under the heroic Stark, 
 and acquitted himself as a man of bravery. 
 
64 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 Col. GORDON HUTCHINS. 
 
 Gordon Hutchins was u, son of Epliraiin Hutch- 
 ins, and born at Exeter in 1733. At about the age 
 of 13, he accompanied his father, who commanded 
 a company in the expedition against Louisbourg, in 
 the capacity of waiter ; but subsequently, held a 
 lieutenancy in the armj^ Returning from the war,he 
 married and settled in Harvard, Mass. ; from which 
 place, in 1773, he removed to Concord. On hearing 
 of the battle of Lexington, Lt. Hutchins repair- 
 ed to Cambridge ; and soon afterwards, enlisted a 
 com})an3% which served an eight months' campaign. 
 In 1777, on learning the perilous situation of the 
 northern frontiers, Capt. Hutchins, who had again 
 been at Cambridge, returning on a Sunday morn- 
 ing, entered the meeting-house ; addressed the 
 minister, (Mr. Walker,) and after briefly stating the 
 intelligence he had received respecting the situa- 
 tion of the northern armies, urged his fellow-citi- 
 zens to volunteer in defence of their country. The 
 aj^peal was seconded by their worthy and patriotic 
 pastor, and a company of about thirty men was en- 
 rolled, and with them, he sat out on the following 
 morning. Before their arrival at Bennington, 
 Stark had immortalized himself, and averted the 
 threatened danger ; but they had the satisfaction to 
 witness the surrender of Burgoyne and his army at 
 Saratoga. Previous to this, Capt. Hutchins had 
 been at White-Plains, where he was promoted to 
 the rank of lieutenant-colonel. From Saratoga, 
 Col. Hutchins returned to domestic Ufe, and died 
 at Concord, December 8th, 1815, aged 82 years. 
 He married two wives, and by them had twenty 
 children. 
 
 Capt. NATHANIEL ABBOT. 
 
 Capt. Nathaniel Abbot was one of the earliest 
 settlers of this place, and a very efficient citizen. 
 He was born in 1696, at Andover. At the com- 
 mencement of the French war, in 1744, he entered 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 65 
 
 the service, and joined the Rangers under Major 
 Rogef-s. He was at the capture of Cape Breton 
 in 1745 — was subsequently in most of the san- 
 guinary conflicts on the northern frontiers ; and 
 endured almost incredible hardships* He held a 
 commission in the corps of Rangers, and was in 
 every station, a brave and useful officer. He died 
 in 1770.t 
 
 Capt. JOSHUA ABBOT. 
 
 Capt. Joshua Abbot, son of the preceding, ac- 
 companied his father during the latter part of his 
 stay with the array. At the commencement of the 
 revolutionary contest, he entered with zeal into the 
 public service, and continued a firm and un- 
 deviating patriot to its close. He was a man of 
 fine constitution, enjoying uninterrupted health, 
 and he made every exertion in his power, in com- 
 mon with his compatriots in arms, for the achieve- 
 ment of our independence. He died in this town 
 in 1815, aged 74. 
 
 Hon. JOHN BRADLEY. 
 
 The honorable John Bradley was a son of Sam- 
 uel Bradley, who was massacred by the Indians in 
 1746. He was about two years of age at the 
 time of his father's death. He settled in his native 
 town, and amongst her citizens Avas distinguished 
 as one of the most enterprizing and useful. Pos- 
 sessing a sound mind, and great dignity of charac- 
 
 * A faithful picture has probably never yet been drawn of the species of warfare 
 prosecuted liy the Rangers — or of the hardsliips and privations endured by the 
 soldiery in the old French wars. Mr. JoitDf Shcte, now living in this town, at 
 the age of 89 years, and whose memory and faculties are unimpaired, was asoldiei 
 under Rogers in the ranging service ; and an hour sjjent in listening to his ac- 
 count of tiiat service, arid his own sufferings and adventures, is by no one regretted. 
 Mr. S. is a son of Jar-ob Shute, who came with the first family of settlers to 
 Penacook. 
 
 t George Abbot, the paternal ancestor of the families of that name, came out of 
 P«5land, and settled at Andover, Mass. almut 1G45, where he died Oct. 5, 1681. 
 He had 10 son» and 3 daughters. JVa</iariieZ, his youngest son. was born July l.>, 
 1671; settled at Andover, and died Dec. 12, 1749. His son, JVathanid, born iu 
 1696, settled in Concord, and died in 1770. His iow, Joshua, was born at eon- 
 cord in 1741, and died in 1815. JVathaniel Abbot, his son, is now living in this 
 town, anfi is of the fifth generation from Capt. George Abbot. 
 
66 
 
 ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 ter, as well as integrity of principle, he was 
 frequently invited to public stations, and served in 
 both branches of the legislature. In the discharge 
 of his official, no less than his private duties, he 
 was firm and consistent, acting independently, 
 and according to his deliberate convictions of jus- 
 tice. He lived to a good old age, and died on the 
 5th day of July, in the year 1815. 
 
 Deacon JOHN KIMBALL. 
 
 Deacon John Kimball was a native of Bradford, 
 in Massachusetts, and born February 16, 1739. 
 He settled here at an early period of his life, and 
 soon became an active and valuable citizen. He 
 discharged every official duty with promptness and 
 fidelity, and in his private walks, was a pattern of 
 christian meekness and charity. He was a mem- 
 ber of the church for nearly sixty years, and sus- 
 tained an office in the church in this place during 
 about forty years. He died on the 31st of Decem- 
 ber, 1817, aged 79. He had been married 52 
 years, and reared a numerous family, during which 
 time no death occurred beneath his roof. Mrs. 
 Kimball, his wife, died March 5, 1819. 
 
 Lt. RICHARD HERBERT. 
 
 Lt. Richard Herbert died on the 17th July, 
 1823, aged 94. His father, James Herbert, a ship- 
 carpenter, was a native of England,married his wife 
 in Rowley, ami settled at Salisbury, where Richard 
 was born December 31, 1729. Mr. Herbert came 
 to this town in 1752, and purcliased the first lot of 
 land sold by the proprietors on the street.* He 
 was industrious in business, and soon became a use- 
 ful citizen. He was among the first volunteerst 
 
 *This lot consisted of about two acres, and was the giound owned b^ the late 
 Capt. Dearborn. Mr. Herbert gave $10 dollars for his land, then apparently a 
 sand-heap, and was frequently rallieci by his nci_^hbor land-holders lor his singular 
 p urchase. He lived, however, to profit by its increase in value. 
 
 t The nrst person in Concoril v.-ho acceptpd a commission under the provincial 
 congress, was Capt. Reuben Kimball. He was a zealous friend to the revolu- 
 tionary cause — raised a company, and was at Saratoga, when the army of Bur- 
 goyne surrendered to the Ameiicans. He died June 13, 1814, aged 84. 
 
RELIGIOtrS SOCIETIES. 67 
 
 from this town in 1775 — was an officer under Stark 
 at the battle of Bennington, and proved himself a 
 brave and useful man. After the victory, he re- 
 turned to Concord, and spent the remainder of his 
 life in industry, inoffensiveness and peace. 
 
 -•»►••••«♦— 
 
 CTiiurchcs anti mcU'gtous Soctettcs. 
 
 It will be perceived, that among the first objects 
 of the early settlers of Concord, was the settle- 
 ment of a minister of the gospel. A church, con- 
 sisting of eight individuals,* was formed on the 18th 
 of November, 1730; at which time the Rev. Mr. 
 Walker was ordained. Their place of public wor- 
 ship, was the log-house, erected in 1 727, and used 
 also as a garrison for refuge, in times of alarm and 
 danger. Mr. Walker was a man well fitted to meet 
 the sufferings and privations of the wilderness, and 
 to build up, by sound precept and encouraging ex- 
 ample, a united and prosperous church. He was a 
 good farmer, an efficient citizen, and an exemplary 
 christian. In common v/ith liis parishioners, he 
 shared the difficulties of their situation, and met, 
 without shrinking, every emergency of Vvant or 
 danger. The troubles which the inhabitants ex- 
 perienced from 1730 to 1770, seemed to have pro- 
 duced an habitual union, which continued for a long 
 time after these troubles had ceased. During a 
 period of more than eighty years, there were no 
 visible differences among the people on religious 
 subjects. For a few years previous to 1816, there 
 had been a respectable society of Friends, who 
 worshipped separately. In 1818, societies of Epis- 
 
 * J\'ames of those who formed the first congregational church in tiiis 
 place^ embodied J^ov. 18, 1730. 
 
 Timothy Walker, 
 John Merrill, 
 Samuel Burbank, 
 Jeremiah Stickney, 
 
 William Barker, 
 David Barker, 
 Aaron Stevens, 
 John Rnss. 
 
68 * ANNALS OF CONCORD. 
 
 copalians and Baptists were formed, the latter of 
 which is still in a prosperous state. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Walker continued the pastor of the 
 congregational church until his death in 1782. 
 From this period until 1 789, the church was with- 
 out a minister, though the ordinances were pretty 
 regularly administered and attended. Rev. Mr. 
 Evans was installed in 1789; continued to preach 
 until the summer of 1797, when his pastoral rela- 
 tion to the church was by mutual consent dissolved. 
 The present incumbent. Rev. Dr. M'Farland, suc- 
 ceeded to the care of the church in 1798. 
 
 This church is independent in its form — its gov- 
 ernment agreeing with the principles of those Avho 
 fled from persecution in England, to enjoy in this 
 then inhospitable land their religious opinions. It 
 admits the principle of a communion of churches 
 according to the Cambridge platform ; but it has 
 never yet had occasion to call in the aid of other 
 churches to settle difficulties. No ecclesiastical 
 council has been called here, except for the pur- 
 pose of ordaining or dismissing a minister. The 
 church has a standing committee, whose duties are 
 to assist the pastor in examining candidates for ad- 
 mission, and in endeavoring to settle difficulties, 
 that may arise between individuals, without an ap- 
 peal to the whole body of the church. Every 
 member has a right to the judgment of the whole 
 body ; and, as a last resort, each has a right of ap- 
 peal to a council of the neighboring churches. 
 
 This church, if not the largest, is one of the 
 largest in the state — the number of communicants 
 at present being about 340. 
 
 During the ministry of the Rev. Mr. Walker, 
 the recorded admissions to the church are 34 males ; 
 61 females— Total, 95; but this undoubtedly falls 
 far below the actual number. Mr. Walker died in 
 1782 ; and of the admissions to the church during 
 the ministry of his successor, Mr. Evans, from 
 1789 to 1797, no record can be found. The 
 
TOl»OGRAPHY. 
 
 69 
 
 following table, drawn from the records of Rev. 
 Dr. M'Farland, will shew at a glance the number 
 of baptisms, marriages, and admissions to the 
 church, since his ordination, in 1798. 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 CO 
 
 c- |co 
 
 o 
 
 CD 
 
 0^ 
 
 o 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 00 
 
 
 o 
 cc 
 
 CO 
 O 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 oc 
 c 
 
 CD 
 
 o 
 
 CD 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 OD 
 
 Baptisms,* 
 
 |34|2lll6in|24|l2|lG113ll4l20!«4|21|15 
 
 92 
 
 Marriages,! 
 
 |Admissions,| 
 
 |131 61 8111112|22j23|22|17|26|26|20|23|14 
 
 51 41 31 2!15| II 81 31 1| 5|1U| 8! 8|59 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 |g-» 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 CO 
 
 =0 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CJ5 
 CO 
 
 O 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 G^ GO 
 G-J G^ 
 
 00 CO 
 
 TOTALS. 
 
 Baptisms, 
 
 144120! 131 131 82|35|12|12|78134il8|15 
 
 715 
 
 Marriages, 
 
 1231141191211 20|14122| 9|ly|14|llil5 
 
 414 
 
 jAdmisslons, 
 
 |36| 6|12| 41108|13| 6| 8|86| 9| 7| 9 
 
 435 
 
 * There is a vecord of about 90 baptisms during the ministry of Rev. Mi. Evans 
 but probably imperfect. 
 
 + There are only 8 marriages by Rev. Mr. Walker, on record— those previous to 
 1738. 
 
 t This includes those admitted in the usual form, and such as v.-er^ added by let- 
 ters from other churches. 
 
 Beacons in the Congregational Church, since its organization in 
 
 1730. 
 
 John Merrill, 
 Ephraim Farnum, 
 George Abbot, 
 John Kimball, 
 David Hall, 
 
 Joseph Hall, 
 Jonathan Wilkins, 
 Abiel Rolfe, 
 
 Thomas W. ThompsoD, 
 Nathaniel Ambrose, 
 
 ^*'>©®©4^^ 
 
 This town comprises a tract of nearly 41 000 
 acres, of which 1800 are water. The surface is 
 uneven, though it presents none of the rude accliv- 
 ities or deep valleys seen in some of the neighbor- 
 ing towns. There are five ponds in Concord, two 
 on the east of the Merrimack, and three on the 
 west. Ihe largest is Turkey pond, iu the souths 
 10 
 
*7(i 
 
 ANNALS OF CONCOllD. 
 
 west part of the town, containing about 700 acres j 
 the waters of which form the Turkey river, a stream 
 of some importance, passing east into Bow. Long 
 pond, in the west part of the town, contains about 
 500 acres, the waters of which pass into the Merri- 
 mack below Sewall's island. Turtle pond lies east 
 of Long pond, and near the line of Loudon ; it con- 
 tains about 200 acres, and its waters pass into the 
 Merrimack through the valley east of the river. 
 The others are Snow's pond, north-west of Turtle 
 pond, and Horse-shoe pond, near the meeting- 
 house. The river Soucook forms the south-east 
 boundary of Coneord, from Chichester to its junc- 
 tion with the Merrimack below Garven's falls. 
 The Contoocook is a considerable river, entering 
 near the west corner of the town, and uniting with 
 the Merrimack on the north-west line, forming at 
 its junction the island celebrated as the spot where 
 Mrs. Duston made a desperate escape from a party 
 of Indians, in 1698. The design below pre- 
 sents a tolerably accurate view of the island, 
 though it rapidly changes in its appearance, from 
 the action of the freshes of the river. 
 
 The Merrimack is the principal river of this 
 region, and is not oniy the ornament and beautifier 
 of the landscape, but the source of health and 
 profit to the inhabitants. It meanders nearly 
 through the centre of the town, enriching the 
 tracts of interval on its borders. The intervals 
 here are of considerable width, and of great value 
 
\ 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY. 71 
 
 to the town ; though perhaps inferior in extent and 
 beauty to those on the Connecticut. Soon after 
 entering the town, the Merrimack passes over the 
 rapids called Sewall's falls, below which is situated 
 SewalPs island, thus called from an early propri- 
 etor. The current of the river from this island is 
 not rapid, and has no natural obstructions, until it 
 reaches Turkey and Garven's falls at the south-east 
 extremity of the town. Locks are here construc- 
 ted, and the navigation of the river has been open 
 during the boating seasons for several years. The 
 river i"s here about 100 yards wide, but occasionally, 
 the spring and autumn freshes have covered the 
 interval adjoining the principal village, presenting 
 to the eye a body of water of a mile in width. 
 These freshes, though often destructive to crops, 
 fences, &c. are of no disadvantage to the soil, on 
 which they deposit a rich sediment. During the 
 greatest freshes, the river has risen nearly 20 feet 
 above the ordinary level, but this is uncommon. 
 There are two bridges thrown across the river in 
 this town : the Federal, or Upper Bridge, and 
 Concord, or Lower Bridge. At these bridges, are 
 situated the store-houses of the Boating Company 
 on the river. The intercourse with Boston, open- 
 ed by way of the canals on the Merrimack, has 
 been of considerable advantage to the country. 
 The navigation to this town was opened in 1815,* 
 and the quantity of goods annually brought up has 
 averaged 1000 to 1500 tons. The freight downward 
 has been more extensive, consisting of the produce 
 of the country, lumber, and other iieavy or bulky 
 articles. For the first three years, the business on 
 the river exceeded that for the three last ; but 
 there is a prospect that it will hereafter be much 
 increased. The principal village, and the seat 
 of most of the business of the town, extends 
 along the western bank of the Merrimack nearly 
 
 *The first boat of the Merrimack company, arrived at the landing here, June 23, 
 1815, in 3 1-2 days from Bosto». 
 
 ,. j.jlUU.»Aapmun-wt M*l)". 
 
72 ANNALS OP CONCORB. 
 
 two miles from south-east to north-west. It is vetf 
 pleasantly situated, and from its convenient situation 
 has become a place of considerable trade. The 
 state-house,* state-prison, court-house and meeting- 
 house are situated in this village. There are 175 
 dwelling-houses, 20 stores, 8 taverns, several me- 
 chanic shops, 5 printing-offices, 5 bookstores and 2 
 book-binderies. On the east side of the river, is 
 another considerable village, very pleasantly situa- 
 ted ; and a village is also forming in the west part 
 of the town. The soil of this town presents all 
 the varieties common to this region, and is in some 
 parts fertile. The highlands extending back from 
 the river are very productive, and were originally 
 covered with oak,chesnut, maple, &c. The plains are 
 alluvial, and covered with a growth of pine. Large 
 masses of excellent granite are foiind in this town, 
 and the public edifices here, are erected of this 
 material. This granite affords an admirable ma- 
 terial for building ; and large quantities, wrought at 
 the State Prison, are annuaUy transported to Bos- 
 ton for architectural purposes. It derives its supe- 
 riority over the granite of many other countries, 
 from the circumstance that it contains no sulphuret 
 of iron, which, by the action of atmospheric agents, 
 produces an iron-rust stain, that destroys the beau- 
 ty of the material. Iron ore is found here in small 
 quantities, near the Soucook river, and on the 
 branches of the Turkey river. It was wrought by 
 the inhabitants during the revolution ; but to no 
 «;reat extent. Excellent clay abounds in several 
 places, and extensive potteries have for some years 
 been established. 
 
 * See descriptiou of public tmMdings, p- 49. 
 
jEemott of tne JJenacoofe KntrCan^. 
 
 Whatever relates to the aboriginals of our coun- 
 try, those early proprietors of the soil which we 
 inherit, must be interesting to posterity. The 
 lands which we cultivate, the forests, the rivers 
 and mountains around us, once swarmed with a 
 distinct race of the human family. They whose 
 character once stood so lofty and independent, are 
 hardly seen among us, and if seen, are seen " beg- 
 o-ing the price of their perdition." — They who 
 might have exterminated the Europeans on their 
 arrival, have themselves become exterminated, and 
 most of their memorials have perished with them. 
 Much is it to be regretted, that there has been no 
 historical account of the various tribes residing on 
 Merrimack river, and particularly of the one in- 
 habiting the town of Concord, known at an early 
 period of our history as acknowledging allegiance 
 to the far famed sachem, Passaconaway. But 
 there have been causes why this has not been done. 
 " The horror proceeding from the cruelties of their 
 warfare, forbade the calmness of investigation. As 
 long as they were formidable, curiosity was over- 
 powered by terror ; and there was neither leisure, 
 nor inclination to contemplate their character as a 
 portion of the human family, while the glare of 
 conflagration reddened the midnight sky, and the 
 yells of the savage, mingling with the shrieks of 
 butchered victims, rode, as portentous messengers, 
 on every gale. But that state of things has long 
 ceased to exist. The white men of America have 
 become too numerous to fear any longer the effects 
 of savage barbarit}^, and the tales which once car- 
 ried terror to the stoutest heart, are now scarcely 
 heard beyond the precincts of the nurser}. In the 
 room of fear, there should now arise a sentiment 
 of pity."* 
 
 * Rev. Dr. Jaxvis' address before the New- York Hist. Soc. 
 
74 MEMOIR OF THE PENACOOKS. 
 
 When our fathers arrived in this country, they 
 found within the confines of New England, five 
 principal nations of the Indians ; viz. the Pequots 
 inhabiting Connecticut ; the Narragansetts, who 
 inhabited Rhode-Island and the adjacent country ; 
 the Pawkunnawkutts, who lived on Nantucket, 
 Martha's Vineyard, and in Plymouth colony ; the 
 Massachusetts, who lived about Massachusetts bay; 
 and the Pawtucketts, who constituted the "fifth 
 and last great sachemship of Indians." " Their 
 country lieth north and north-east from Massachu- 
 setts, whose dominion reacheth as far as the Eng- 
 lish jurisdiction or colony of the Massachusetts, 
 doth now extend."* 
 
 To this general division, belonged the Penacooks, 
 or those Indians, who inhabited Concord, and the 
 country for many miles above and below on Merri- 
 mack river. There were several " smaller saga- 
 moreships" which were included under the nation- 
 al name of Pawtucketts — such as the Agawams, 
 Naamkeeks, Pascataquas, Accomintas and some 
 others. All these subordinate tribes formed orig- 
 inally but one great nation, and acknowledged sub- 
 jection to Passaconaway, who was called " the 
 great sachem of Penacook." 
 
 The Penacooks were probably among the most 
 
 Eowerful of these subordinate tribes, though their 
 istory is but little known, and at this distance of 
 time, cannot be given with any degree of minute- 
 ness. Passaconaway was the first sagamore of 
 whom we find any account in our historians. If 
 the Wheehvright deed be not a forgery, he was liv- 
 ing as early as 1629, and it appears from Hubbard's 
 narrative, that he was alive in J 660. In that year, 
 the Indians had a great dance and feast, on which 
 occasion, this powerful sagamore, being groAvn old, 
 made his farewell speech to his children and peo- 
 ple, in which, as a dying man, he warned them to 
 
 • Gookin, in Coll. of Mass. Hist. See. Vol. 1, page 149, first series. 
 
MEMOIR OF THE PEXACOOKS. 75 
 
 tnlTP heed how they quarrelled with their English 
 take heea now J 1 , ^ j.^; do them some 
 
 fha wnr Avith Philip commenced m lb7&, ne wuu 
 d'r:;h[mrelf with l^is people to some ren^ote j^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 thit thev misht not be drawn into the quarrel. 
 The Penicooks appear to have mamtamed a friend- 
 ly disposition so Imig as they were under the con- 
 
 '"iw tr y"r 1684, Lieut. Gov. Craniield form- 
 ed1he pro^ct of bringing down the Mohawksjrom 
 New York in order to destroy the Penacook and 
 Eastern Indians. This measure had once before 
 been resorted to, but proved very pernicious in its 
 effects, as that ferociou^s and warlike people made no 
 distinction between those tribes which ^^eve at 
 Jeace with the English, and those winch ^verea^ 
 war. Some of the Penacook Indians, who had been 
 toAlbanvsoon after Cranfield made a journey to 
 the province of New-York, reported on their re- 
 tm-n, that the Mohawks threatened destruction to 
 all the eastern Indians, from Narragansetm Rhode- 
 Sand to Pechypscot in Maine.- The Penacooks 
 were about this time under the government ot 
 Hogkins, a sachem who succeeded Wonolanset. 
 From the articles of Peace between the English in- 
 habiting the province of N. Hampshire and Maine, 
 and the Indians of these provinces, agreed upon 
 the 8th day of September, 1685, it appears, that 
 Kancamagus was his Indian name, and that nog- 
 
 * .. Four Indians came from fort Alba.y to tl.e Fovt at P^nJ^-^^,-^^ '^tca^^'t 
 themthatallthe Mokavvkesclulcieclarethey wonklkd aUI^ 
 Mount Hope to tbe eastward as fav as Pegypseut. Repm t to n aiier t> j 
 Esq. and Council. 
 
76 MEMOIR OF THE PENACOOK9. 
 
 kins or Hawkins was the English name he had as- 
 sumed. 
 
 In the spring of 1685, he informed Cranfield of 
 the danger the Penacooks apprehended,* and 
 implored assistance and protection, but was treated 
 with neglect. 
 
 In August, 1685, the Penacook and Saco Indians 
 gathered their corn, and removed their families, 
 which gave an alarm to their English neighbors, as 
 if they were preparing for war. Messengers be- 
 ing sent to demand the reason of their movement, 
 were informed that it was the fear of Mohawks, 
 whom they daily expected to destroy them ; and 
 being asked why they did not come in among the 
 English for protection, they answered, lest the Mo- 
 hawks should hurt the English on that account. 
 Upon this, they were persuaded to enter into an 
 agreement ; and accordingly the chiefs of the 
 Penacooks and of the Saco Indians being assem- 
 bled with the Council of New-Hampshire, and a 
 deputation from the province of Maine, a treaty 
 was concluded, wherein it w^as stipulated, that all 
 future personal injuries on either side should, upon 
 
 * His letter to Gov. Cranfield at this time will explain his situation and his 
 fears, and may be regarded as a curiosity'. Th« original is preserved in the Recor- 
 der's office in N. H. 
 
 May 15ih, 1685. 
 " Honour gouemor my friend, 
 
 You my friend I desire yotir worship and your power, because I hope you can do 
 som great matters this one. I am poor and naked, and I have no man at my place 
 because I afraid allwayes Mohogs he will kill me every day and night. If your 
 worship when please pray help me you no let Moliogs kill me at my place at Mal- 
 amake river called Panukkog and Nattukkog, I will submit your worship and your 
 power. And now I want pouder and such alminishon, shott and guns, becauae I 
 have forth at my hom and I plant theare. 
 
 This all Indian hand, but pray do you consider your humble servant, 
 
 JOHN HOGKINS. 
 Peter 3 Robin., 
 
 Mr Jorge -f Roddunnonukgus, 
 Mr Hope X Hoth. 
 John -{- Tonch, 
 John a Canowa, 
 John X Owamosimmin^ 
 Natonill t Indian.'''' 
 
 These were probably some of the principal men of the tribe. Two other ki- 
 te ri from Hogkins to Cranfield are preserved in I. Belknap, 346. 
 
 Simon Detogkom, 
 
 Joseph X Traske^ 
 
 King J], Hary, 
 
 Sam j^ Linis., [a<, 
 
 Wapeguanal j^ Saguachuwash 
 
 Old Robin ]^ 
 
 Mamanosgues q Andra^ 
 
MEMOIR OF THE PENAC60KS. 77 
 
 eomplaint, be immediately redressed ; that infor- 
 mation should be given of approaching danger 
 from enemies ; that the Indians should not remove 
 their families from the neighborhood of the Eng- 
 lish without giving timely notice, and if they did, 
 it should betaken for a declaration of war ; and, 
 that while these articles were observed, the Eng- 
 lish would assist and protect them against' the 
 Mohawks and all other enemies. 
 
 From this time, peace continued without inter- 
 ruption till 1689, when a confederacy was formed 
 between the tribes of Penacook and Pequawkett, 
 and the strange Indians, (as they were called) who 
 were incorporated with them, to attack the settle- 
 ment at Dover. The Penacooks were among the 
 four hundred Indians, w^ho were seized at Dover 
 by Major Waldron in 1676, and were dismissed 
 ut that time, probably on account of the friendly 
 disposition of Wonolanset Notwithstanding they 
 experienced the clemency of Major Waldron, in be- 
 ing permitted to depart in safety, they did not for- 
 get the conduct of the Major to their allies, and 
 were easily seduced to join the confederacy by 
 those, who had, for about thirteen years, cherished 
 an inextinguishable thirst of revenge against the 
 brave, but unfortunate Waldron. The plot formed 
 against the inhabitants of Dover was disclosed by 
 two of the Penacooks to Major Hinchman, of 
 Chelmsford, who immediately informed Mr. Dan- 
 forth, a member of the council of Massachusetts, by 
 the following letter, the original of which is on file 
 in the Secretary's office in Massachusetts. 
 " Hon'd Sir, 
 
 This day, two Indians came from Pennacook, viz. 
 Job Maramasquand and Peter Muckamug, who 
 report that damage will undoubtedly be done with- 
 in a few days at Piscataqua, and that Major Wal- 
 dron, in particular, is threatened ; and that Juli- 
 matt fears that mischief will quickly be done at 
 11 
 
78 
 
 MEMOIR or THE PBNACOOKS. 
 
 Dunstable. The Indians can give a more particu- 
 lar account to your honor. They say, if damage 
 be done, the blame shall not be on them, having 
 given a faithful account of Avhat they hear ; and are 
 upon that report moved to leave their habitation 
 and corn at Pennacook. Sir, I was very loth to 
 trouble you, and to expose myself to the censure 
 and derision of some of the confident people, that 
 would pretend to make a sport with what I send 
 down by Capt. Tom, (alias Thomas Ukqucakussen- 
 num.) 
 
 I am constrained, from a sense of my duty, and 
 from love to my countrymen, to give the informa- 
 tion as above. So with my humble service to 3 our 
 honor, and prayers for the safety of an endangered 
 people — I am, Sir, your humble servant, 
 
 THO:HINCHMAN. 
 
 June 22. 
 
 Hon. Thomas Danforth.'''' 
 
 Mr. Danforth was detained from the meeting of 
 the council. He however, on the same day, com- 
 municated Major Hinchman's letter to Governor 
 Bradstreet, who, with the council, ordered a mes- 
 senger to be sent to Cochecho, with the following 
 disclosure of the plot in a letter, written by Secre- 
 tary Addington. 
 
 ''Boston, 27 June, 1689. 
 Honble Sir, 
 
 The governor and councill haveing this day 
 received a letter from Major Henchman of Chelms- 
 ford, that some Indians are come in to them, who 
 report that there is a gathering of some Indians in 
 and about Penecooke, with designe of mischiefe 
 to the English. Among the said Indians, one 
 Hawkins is said to be a principal designer, and that 
 they have a particular desig;ne against 3'ourself and 
 Mr. Peter Coriin, which tlie councill thought it ne- 
 cessary presiiitly to dispatch advice thereof to give 
 you notic^j that you take care of your own safe- 
 
MEMOIR OF THE PENACOOKS. 79 
 
 guard, they intending to betray you on a pretention 
 of trade. 
 
 Piease forthwith to signify the import hereof to 
 Mr. Coffin and others, as'you shall think necessary, 
 and advise of what informations you may at any 
 time receive of the Indians motions. By order in 
 Council!. ISA : ADDINGTON, Sec'y. 
 
 For Mr, Richard Waldron and Mr. Peter 
 
 Coffin^ or either of them, att Cochecha ; 
 
 these with all possible speed.''"' 
 
 This letter was despatched from Boston by Mr. 
 Weare ; but some delay he met with at Newbury 
 ferry prevented its arrival in season. The same 
 day, after the mischief was done, the preceding let- 
 ter fell into the hands of Maj. Waldron's son. Had 
 it been seasonably received, it would probably have 
 saved the lives of twenty-three persons, who fell a 
 sacrifice to Indian cruelty, besides preventing the 
 capture of twenty-nine others, and the destruction 
 of much valuable property.* 
 
 Upon the depredations at Dover, vigorous meas- 
 ures were immediately adopted. A party under 
 Capt. Noyes was despatched to Penacook, to inflict 
 summary punishment upon those who were con- 
 cerned in the affair at Cochecho ; but the Indians 
 all escaped. They, however, destroyed their corn. 
 
 It appears that after this, the Penacooks continu- 
 ed to exist as a distinct tribe for many years ; 
 though as a separate tribe, they ceased to be for- 
 midable after this event. We find that they are 
 mentioned in Penhallow's Indian Wars, (page 2,) 
 where there is an account of a conference held by 
 Governor Dudley at Casco, in 1703, with delegates 
 from several tribes. The Norridgewocks, Penob- 
 scots, Pequawketts, Penacooks and Ameriscoggins 
 assured the governor, at this meeting, that " as high 
 as the sun was above the earth, so far distant was 
 
 * For a particular account of the attack on Dover, see Belknap's nis. N. H. voU 
 I, page 198. 
 
80 MEMOIR OF THE PENACOOKS, 
 
 their design of making the least breach of the 
 peace." 
 
 At the same time they made this declaration, they 
 were meditating hostilities, which commenced on 
 the 10th of August, 1703. After this period, we 
 hear little or nothing of the Penacooks, as a sepa- 
 rate tribe. Those of them who were hostile to the 
 English, probably mixed with the eastern Indians, 
 between whom and the Penacooks, was a close af- 
 finity. As the governor of Canada had encouraged 
 the Indians who inhabited the borders of New- 
 England, to remove to Canada, it is likely that 
 some of tliem went thither, and were incorporated 
 with the tribes of St. Francis. But those who con- 
 tinued friendly to the English, of which there had 
 always been a small number, remained here until 
 1725, and were highly useful to the first inhabitants, 
 supplying them with food when almost in astate 
 of starvation. 
 
 The Penacook Indians were a more warlike tribe 
 than the Pawtuckett, or Wamesit Indians, who liv- 
 ed around Pawtuckett Falls, in Chelmsford. They 
 were opposed to the introduction of Christianity a- 
 mong them, and " obstinately refused to pray to 
 God." Before the year 1670, a party of them went 
 down the Merrimack, and built a fort at Pawtuck- 
 ett. They also erected a fort on Sugar-Ball Hill, 
 so called, in Concord, as a protection against the 
 incursions of the Mohawks and other enemies. A 
 considerable number of them joined in an expedi- 
 tion against that formidable nation, and were prin- 
 cipally destroyed. Tradition says, that there was 
 oiice a very obstinate engagement between the Mo- 
 hawks and Penacooks on the river in this vicinity, 
 but the time, place and circumstances are imknown 
 to the present generation. The Indians of the most 
 peaceful character among the Penacooks, were the 
 Robin family, a part of Avhich lived in Clielmsford, 
 and owned a hill in that town, which, for almost 
 tv. o hundred years, has been known by the name of 
 Robin's Hill. 
 
[NO. 1.] 
 THE ORDER OF THE GREAT AND GENERAL COURT. 
 
 The Committee appointed to consider what is proper for this. 
 Court to do on the petition of Benjamin Stevens and others, are 
 humbly of opinion, that it will be for the interest and advantage 
 of this Province that part of the lands, petitioned for by the said 
 Benjamin Stevens and company, be assigned and set apart for a 
 township ; provided, that the same be done in a good, regular and 
 defensible manner, to contain seven miles square, and begin 
 where Contoocook river falls into Merrimack river, and thence 
 to extend upon a course east seventeen degrees south four miles, 
 to be the northerly bounds of the said township ; and from the 
 extreme parts of that line to be set off southerly at right angles, 
 until seven miles shall be accomplished from the said north 
 bounds. And that the petitioners may be encouraged and fully 
 empowered to prosecute their intended settlements — Ordered, 
 That the Hon. William Tailer, Esq., Elisha Cooke, Esq., Spencer 
 Phipps, Esq., William Dudley, Esq., John Wainwright, Esq., 
 Capt. John Shipley, Mr. John Saunders, Eleazar Tyng, Esq., and 
 Mr. Joseph Wilder, (any five of whom to be a quorum) be a Com- 
 mittee to take special care, that the following rules and condi- 
 tions be punctually observed and kept by all such as shall be ad- 
 mitted to bring forward the proposed settlements, namely : 
 
 That the aforesaid tract of land be allotted and divided into 
 one hundred and three equal parts and shares as to quantity and 
 quality ; and that one hundred persons or families, such only as 
 in the judgment of the Committee shall be well able to pursue 
 and bring to pass their several settlements on the said lands 
 within the space of three years at farthest from the first day of 
 June next. That each and every intended settler, t© whom a 
 lot, with the rights and privileges thereto belonging, shall be 
 assigned, shall pay into the hands of the Committee, for the use 
 of the Province, at the time of drawing his lot, the sum of five 
 pounds, and be obliged to build a good dwelling house, fit com- 
 fortably to receive and entertain a family who shall inhabit the 
 same ; and also break up and sufficiently fence in six acres of 
 land for their home lot within the term aforesaid. And that the 
 first fifty settlements shall be begun and perfected upon the east- 
 ern side of the said river Merrimack, and the several houses shall 
 be erected on their home lots not above twenty rods the one 
 from the other where the land will possibly admit thereof, in the 
 most regular and defensible manner, the Committee, in their best 
 prudence, can project and order ; the houses and home lots on 
 
82 APPENDIX. 
 
 each side of the river to be alike subjected unto the above men- 
 tioned conditions. That a convenient house for the public wor- 
 ship of God be completely tinished within the term aforesaid, 
 for the accommodation of all such as shall inhabit the aforesaid 
 tract of land,upon such part thereof as shall be agreed upon bj the 
 said Committee, for the ease of the community ; and that there 
 shall be reserved, allotted, and laid out for the first minister that 
 shall be lafvfuly settled among them, one full right, share, and 
 proportion of and in the aforesaid tract of land, with all rights 
 and privileges thereto belonging. His house lot to be laid out 
 next adjoining to the land whereon the meeting house shall 
 stand. One other full right, share, and proportion of and in the 
 aforesaid tract of land, to be appropriated for the use of the 
 school forever ; and one other ministerial lot of equal value 
 with the rest, the home lot appertaining thereto affixed near to 
 the meeting house. And for the better enabling the intended 
 settlers to perfect what they are hereby enjoined, and empower- 
 ing them to remove all such lets and impediments as they may 
 meet with in their progress and lawful undertaking, that when 
 and 60 soon as there shall be one hundred persons accepted and 
 allowed by the Committee to go on and improve those lands for 
 the ends and uses above specified, upon application made to the 
 aforesaid Committee, it shall and may be lawful for them to no- 
 tify the undertakers to meet at some convenient time and place, 
 they being seasonably notified of such meeting, who, when as- 
 sembled, shall make such necessary rules and orders as to them 
 shall be thought most conducible for the carrying forward and 
 effecting the aforesaid settlement ; provided, that three-fourth 
 parts of the persons present at such meeting aie consenting to 
 what rules or orders shall be then proposed and agreed upon, 
 two or more of the Committee to be present at such meeting, 
 who shall enter into a fair book, to be kept for that purpose, all 
 such rules, orders, and directions agreed on as aforesaid, and give 
 out copies thereof when required ; the whole charge of the 
 Committee to be paid by the settlers. And that when they shall 
 have performed the conditions above expressed, provided it be 
 within the space of three jears as before limited, that then the 
 said Committee for and in behalf of this Court execute good and 
 sufficient deeds and conveyances in the law, to all such settlers 
 for the aforesaid tract of land, with all the rights, members, 
 profits, privileges, and immunities thereon standing, growing, or 
 being for the sole use of them, their heirs and assigns forever, 
 with a saving of all or any former grant or grants. 
 
 By order of the Committee. 
 
 N. BYFIELD. 
 In Council, January llth, 1725. Read and ordered that this 
 Report be accepted 
 
 ^ent down for concurrence. 
 
 J. WILLARD, Sec'ry. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 83 
 
 In the House of Representatives, January 17th, 1725. Read 
 and concurred. 
 
 WM. DUDLEY, Speaker. 
 Consented td^ 
 
 WM. DUMMER. 
 
 [NO. II.] 
 
 Names of the Original Proprietors of the town of Ruinford. 
 
 Nathaniel Abbot 
 
 John Austin 
 
 Samuel Ajer 
 
 John Ayer 
 
 Jacob Abbot 
 
 Obadiah Ayer 
 
 Zebadiah Barker, alias Edw. 
 
 Abbot 
 Thomas Blanchard 
 William Barker 
 Nathaniel Barker, alias Solo. 
 
 Martin 
 Joshua Bay ley 
 Moses Boardman 
 Nathan Blodgett 
 John Bayley, alias Samuel 
 
 White 
 Nathaniel Clement 
 John Chandler 
 Benjamin Carlton 
 Christopher Carlton 
 Nehemiah Carlton 
 Richard Coolidge, aliae 
 
 Samuel Jones 
 John Coggin 
 Edward Clark 
 Enoch Coffin 
 Thomas Coleman 
 Nathaniel Cogswell 
 Moses Day 
 Joseph Davis 
 Samuel Davis 
 David Dodge 
 Ephraim Davis 
 Ebenezer Eastmau 
 Jacob Eames 
 Stephen Emerson 
 John Foster 
 Ephraim Farnum 
 
 William Foster 
 
 Nathan Fisk, alias Zachariah 
 
 Chandler 
 John Grainger 
 Samuel Grainger 
 Benjamin Gage 
 William Gutterson 
 Nehemiah Heath 
 Ephraim Hildreth 
 Joseph Hale 
 Moses Hazzen 
 Jonathan Hubbard, alias Daniel 
 
 Davis 
 Richard Hazzen 
 Joseph Hall 
 Timothy Johnson 
 John Jaques 
 NathanieUones 
 Robert Kimball 
 Samuel Kimball 
 David Kimball 
 Nathaniel Lovejoy 
 Ebenezer Lovejoy 
 Thomas Learned 
 John Merrill 
 John Mattis 
 Andrew Mitchel 
 Minister 
 
 Benjamin Nichols 
 John Osgood 
 Stephen Osgood 
 Benjamin Parker 
 Thomas Page 
 Robert Peaslee 
 Joseph Parker 
 Nathan Parker 
 Nathaniel Page 
 Samuel Phillips 
 James Parker 
 
84 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Jonathan Pulsipher 
 I^athaniel Peaslee 
 John Pecker 
 Joseph Page 
 John Peabody 
 Parsonage 
 Samuel Reynolds 
 Henry Rolfe 
 John Sanders 
 Ebenezer Stevens 
 John Sanders, jr. 
 Benjamin Stevens 
 Nathaniel Saunders 
 James Simonds 
 Zorobabel Snow 
 Jonathan Shiplejr 
 
 Nathan Simonds 
 School 
 
 Samuel Tappan 
 Bezaleel Tappan 
 Richard Urann 
 Ebenezer Virgin 
 John Wright 
 William White 
 Nicholas White 
 Ammi Ruhamah Wise 
 Isaac Walker 
 David Wood 
 William Whitt'er 
 ThQmas Wicomb 
 Edward Winn. 
 
 [NO. III.] 
 
 To His Excellency Benning Wentworth, Esq. Captain General and 
 Governor in Chief in and over his Majesty's Province of JSl'ew- 
 Hampshirc, in JVew-England.^ the Honorable the Council^ and the 
 House of Representatives., in General Court convened. 
 
 The Memorial and Petition of Benjamin Rolfe, in the name 
 and behalf of the inhabitants of the town of Rumford, in said 
 Province, humbly sheweth — That the said town has been settled 
 by his Majesty's subjects about seventeen years, and a gospel 
 minister ordained there about twelve. That the settlers 1 ad an 
 eye at enlarging his Majesty's dominions, by going into the wil- 
 derness, as well as at their own interest. That many thousand 
 pounds have been spent in clearing and cultivating the lands 
 there, and many more in erecting mansion-houses, out-houses, 
 barns, and fences ; besides a large additional sum in fortifica- 
 tions, lately made by his Excellency the Governor's order. That 
 the buildings are compact, and properly formed for defence, and 
 well situated for a barrier, being on the Merrlmr.ck river, about 
 fifteen miles below the confluence of Winnipishoky [Winnepisi- 
 ogee] and Pemissawasset [PemigewassetJ rivers. Loth which are 
 main gang-ways of the Canadians to the frontiers of this Prov- 
 ince. That the breaking up of the settlement will not only ruin 
 the memorialists, but in their humble opinion, greatly disserve 
 his Majesty's interest, by encouraging his enennes to encroach 
 on his direlict dominions, and be all-hurtful to the Pr<vince, by 
 contracting its borders, and by dravvii!<:^- the war nearer to the 
 capital. That it was by a long and iinijortunate intercession of 
 this Province, (and not of the memorialists' seeking) that they 
 are cast under the immediate care of this government, which, 
 they apprehend, gives them so much the better right to its pro- 
 tection. That the memorialists have hitherto cheerfully paid 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 85 
 
 their proportionate part of the public taxes assigned them by 
 the o-eneral court, even without being privileged with a repre- 
 sentative in said court. That, as war is already declared against 
 France, and a rupture with the Indians hourly expected, your 
 memorialists, unless they have speedy help, will be soon obliged 
 to evacuate their town, how disserviceable soever it may be to 
 the Crown, dishonorable to the government, hurtful to the Prov- 
 ince, and ruinous to themselves. Y^ herefore your memorialists 
 most humbly supplicate your Excellency, the Honorable Council, 
 and House of Representatives, to take the premises into your 
 wise and mature consideration, and to grant them such season- 
 able relief as may enable them to maintain his Majesty's domin- 
 ions in so well situated a barrier, and so ancient and well regu- 
 lated a settlement, as well as to secure their own lives and for- 
 tunes against the ravages and devastations of a blood-thirsty and 
 merciless enemy. And your memorialists, as in duty bound, &,c. 
 (Signed) BENJAMIN ROLFE. 
 
 Portsmouth, June 27, 1744. 
 
 [NO. IV.] 
 
 To His Excellency Benning Wentworth, Esq. Governor and Conv- 
 mander in Chief in and over His Majesty' a Province of Neiso- 
 Hampshire^ in JYew-England^ and to the Honorable His Majesty^s 
 Council of said Province. 
 
 The Memorial of Benjamin Rolfe, in th& name and behalf of 
 the inhabitants of Rumford, in said Province, humbly sheweth, 
 That your memorialists are settled on a tract of land granted by 
 the General Court of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, in 
 New-England, Anno Domini, 1725, and that the said tract of 
 land was erected into a township by an act of said General Court, 
 Anno Domini, 1733. The bounds of said township being as 
 follows, viz. : Beginning where Contoocook river falls into Mer- 
 rimack river, and thence to extend upon a course east seven- 
 teen degrees north three miles, and upon a course west seven- 
 teen degrees south four miles, which is the northerly bounds of 
 the said township ; and from the other parts of that line to be 
 set off southerly at right angles until seven miles and one hun- 
 dred rods shall be accomplished from the said northern bounds. 
 And that his Majesty in Council taking the said act into consid- 
 eration, Anno Domini, 1737, was graciously pleased to declare 
 his approbation thereof; and by the late settlement of the 
 boundaries between the said Provinces, by his Majesty in Coun- 
 cil, the said township is within this Province. And by an act of 
 the General Assembly of this Province, of March 18th, 1741-2, 
 Rumford aforesaid was made a district, it not being incorporated 
 within any township or parish within this Province ; and by said 
 act your memorialists were subjected to pay a tax towards the 
 12 
 
86 APPENDIX. 
 
 support of this government, which they have punctually and 
 cheerfully done every year since, pursuant to acts of this gov- 
 ernment. And your memorialists, by power given them by the 
 district acts, so called, for about six years last past, have annu- 
 ally raised money for defraying our ministerial, school, and other 
 necessary charges of said Rumford, and taxed the inhabitants ac- 
 cordingly ; but the district act expiring sometime last summer, 
 there is now no law of this Province whereby your memorialists 
 can raise any money for the year current, for the charges afore- 
 said. And your memorialists have abundant reason to think that 
 the Rev. Mr. Timothy Walker, who has been settled with us as 
 our minister for about twenty years, (unless we can speedily be 
 put into a capacity to make a tax for his salary) will be neces- 
 sitated to leave us, which will be to our great loss and inex- 
 pressible grief ; for he is a gentleman of an unspotted character, 
 and universally beloved by us. Our public school will also of 
 course fail, and our youth thereby be deprived, in a great meas- 
 ure, of the means of learning, which we apprehend to be of a 
 very bad consequence. Our school-master, who is a gentleman 
 of a liberal education, and came well recommended to us, and 
 lately moved his family from Andover to Rumford, on account of 
 his keeping school for us, will be greatly damaged and disap- 
 pointed. And your memorialists, under their present circum- 
 stances, are deprived of all other privileges which a well regu- 
 lated town (as such) enjoy. 
 
 Your memorialists, therefore, most humbly pray, that your 
 Excellency and Honors would take our deplorable circumstances 
 into your wise and mature consideration, and afford us relief by 
 incorporating us into a township by our ancient boundaries as 
 aforesaid, and by endowing of us with such privileges as any of 
 the towns in this Province by law do or ought to enjoy. And 
 your memorialists as in duty bound shall ever pray. 
 
 BENJAMIN ROLFE. 
 
 Portsmouth, January 24, 1749. 
 
 [NO. v.] 
 
 Documents relating to the Controversy between the Proprietors of 
 Rumford and Bow. 
 
 THE STATE OF THE CASE, 
 
 Lately decided at the Superior Court of New-Hampshire., between 
 The Proprietors of Bow^ P\fs- and John Merrill, Def [1750.] 
 
 The action was ejectment brought by said proprietors against 
 hiin for the recovery of about eight acres of land, situate in Bow, 
 and particularly described in their writ, with the buildings and 
 appurtenances thereof, to the inferior court of common pleas, 
 iholden at Portsmouth, December, 1760, and at the defendant's 
 request continued to the next term of said court, he being a pur- 
 
APPENDIX. 87 
 
 chaser of part of the land he holds, to vouch in his warrantor. 
 But as he did not appear, the said John was obliged to defend 
 himself, or give up the land demanded, on which some of his 
 buildings stand. He therefore gave an issuable plea, and there- 
 upon obtained judgment, from which the plaintiffs appealed to 
 the then next superior court, entered their appeal, and after 
 several continuances, parties had an hearing, and judgment was 
 rendered for the plaintiffs to recover the premises demanded. 
 This judgment the defendant reviewed. But judgment was again 
 rendered for the plaintiffs. From which judgment he would have 
 appealed to the king in council, or to the governor and council 
 here in a court of appeaJs ; but both were denied, as the premises 
 demanded were not of sufficient value to allow either, according 
 to the province law in such cases. But as there is much more 
 than what is of value sufficient to allow either of those appeals, 
 depending upon the same title, the defendant is aggrieved at the 
 denial as well as at the judgment he would have appealed from. 
 It is proposed here to take notice of the most remarkable things 
 offered by each party. But as it is a known rule in these cases, 
 that the plaintiff must recover (if at all) by the strength of his 
 own title, and not by the weakness or defect of the defendant's, 
 it may not be amiss more particularly to con&ider the title of 
 these plaintiffs and the objections made against it on the part of 
 the defendant ; and then briefly to mention the defendant's title, 
 and the objections the plaintiffs offer to that, with what is said in 
 behalf of the defendant in reply to those objections. 
 
 The plaintiffs urge, that the right to all the lands in the prov- 
 ince was originally in the crown. That by a special clause in 
 the governor's commissions for this province, from time to time, 
 they were authorised to grant these lands to the inhabitants, with 
 the advice of the council, in order to the regular settlement 
 thereof. That in the absence of the chief governor, this power, 
 with others contained in the commission, devolved upon the 
 lieutenant-governor. That under the commission to governor 
 Shute, this happened to be the case. And in his absence the late 
 lieutenant-governor Wentworth, being commander in chief, on 
 the 20th of May, 1727, at Portsmouth, with the advice of the 
 council, by a charter of that date, granted to sundry of his Majes- 
 ty's subjects, then inhabitants of the province, whose names 
 were contained in a schedule annexed, a tract of land in said 
 province, bounded as follows, viz. : " Beginning on the south- 
 east side of the town of Chichester, and running nine miles by 
 Chichester and Canterbury, and Crirrying that breadth of nine 
 miles from each of the aforesaid towns south-west, until the full 
 complement of eighty-one square miles are fully made up," with 
 sundry privileges and limitations therein. That about twenty 
 months after the date of this charier, a committee of the grantees 
 entered, surveyed the land granted, and marked out the bounds, 
 as appears by a return under their hands, in what manner they 
 proceeded. And this transaction, they say, gave the grantees the 
 
88 APPENDIX. 
 
 actual seisin and possassion of the whole. Though they also say, 
 that this as to the purpose of giving them the seisin, is ex abiirt- 
 danti^ for the grantees by operation of law, were seized imme- 
 diately upon the executing their charter. But this entry and 
 survey were especially designed that they might know and dis- 
 tinguish their township from others. That as they were thus 
 seized of the whole by consequence of the premises demanded, as 
 these are confessed to be within the aforesaid bounds. That 
 about five years after this, they enclosed a parcel ri this land, 
 on the easterly side of Merrimack river, by conjecture about 
 three miles square. All which facts, they prove by sundry tes- 
 timonies in the case. Four of which amount to nothing more of 
 any consequence than is declared in the return of the said survey. 
 But take them altogether, the plaintiffs allege, they prove an ac- 
 tual entry on and possession of part, which they say is construc- 
 tively a possession of the whole, and that continued so tor the 
 term of five or six years ; and from that time to this, (about a 
 year) they have been improving of part of said land, which gives 
 them a ri^ht to oust any person, who has enteied and possesses 
 any part within the bounds of their charter, in any other right or 
 claim. 
 
 What they further offer, is either by way of reply to the defend- 
 ant's objections, or as objections to the defendant's title. 
 
 Now to this title the defendant objects, and urges sundry con- 
 siderations. In the first place he submitted, and would again, 
 upon a new trial, be glad to submit the point to be adjudged, 
 whether the plaintiffs have proved their declaration. They de- 
 clare, " that on the 12th day of June, 1727, they were seized of 
 the premises, with others their common lands in said town of 
 Bow, in fee, taking the profits thereof to the value, &ic. and con- 
 tinued to be so seized thereof for one year then next ensuing, 
 and ought now to have quiet and peaceable possession thereof ; 
 yet the said John, within 23 years last past hath, without judg- 
 ment of law, entered into the premises demanded, disseized the 
 plaintiffs thereof," &.c. To say nothing of the peculiarity of this 
 declaration, the seisin which the plaintiffs allege they had, must 
 mean (if it has any meaning) a seisin in fact, for no person ever 
 took the profits by virtue of a seisin in law only. Now they nev- 
 er sat a foot on the lands contained within the bounds of their 
 charter, till the aforesaid survey, and how their seisin on the 
 12th of June is proved by an entry above twenty months after, 
 is ditTicult to conceive. Besides this, the settlers of the planta- 
 tion, called Pennicoke, wluch comprehends the lands in question, 
 had been in possession of it above a year before the date of this 
 charter, (as will appear beyond dispute, when we consider the 
 defendant's title,) at present, only observe what is proved by 
 sundry testimonies produced by the deiendant, viz. That the 
 Aprifand May before the date of Bow charter, there were fifty 
 men at work on the said plantation, clearing land, hewing tim- 
 ber for a meeting-house, and pursuing other measures, in order 
 
APPENDIX. 89 
 
 to settle a town there. That they prosecuted the affair with 
 such viijor, as to have a minister ordained and a church gather- 
 ed in tlie year 1730. But they were clearing the land there 
 almost two years before any of the proprietors of Bow had seen 
 their land ; and all they did, when they entered, was only to run 
 a chain, and mark some trees, at a great distance, round these 
 laborers. They neA'er so much as saw the land now demanded, 
 where the settlers of Pennicoke were at work. And it appears, 
 that they began to clear the land in question, when they first en- 
 tered because it is one of their house-lots, or home-lots, as thc-y 
 are commonly called, and in the nature of the thiiig, that should 
 be first done. This possession has been continued without in- 
 terruption to this day ; and indeed may well be computed (by 
 the plaintiffs' rule of possessing land by walking round it) from 
 two years before April above mentioned. 
 
 Now upon these facts, conccj;ning the manner of entry and 
 possession of these parties, it is easy to see with what propriety 
 the plaintiffs could declare upon their own seisin; and with what 
 regard to truth it can be said to be proved. 
 
 But to proceed. Upon supposition the lands which the plaii- 
 tiffs claim were the King's, at the time their charter was made, 
 (which was not the case in fact) yet the plaintiffs have not de- 
 rived that right to themselves, for this obvious reason — The 
 Governor's authority to grant the King's lands was limited by the 
 right of jurisdiction, and that, by the commission to that part of 
 the province of New-Hampshire, lying and extending itself 
 from three miles northward of Merrimack river, or any part 
 thereof, to the province of Maine, (now the county of York) 
 which is the easterly boundary of the commission. The wester- 
 ly boundary of which, is the line running three miles northward 
 of Merrimack as aforesaid. Now the land demanded by the 
 plaintiffs in this suit lies on the westerly side of Merrimack riv- 
 er, more than three miles without the Governor's jurisdiction, 
 by this commission, and consequently, he had no power to grant 
 it ; for if it should be supposed he might grant the King's lands, 
 out of his jurisdiction, where should he stop ? by what limits 
 could he be restrained ? From the reason and necessity of the 
 thing, therefore, it must be allowed, that the right of govern- 
 ment, and the granting of lands was limited to the same ter- 
 ritory. And the words of the commission necessarily imply, it 
 did not extend over o// that was called New-Hampshire. If it is 
 conceded, then, that these lands are within the province of New- 
 Hampshire, and were so at the date of the plaintiffs' charter, 
 yet that concession will avail the plaintiffs nothing in this case. 
 
 Another objection to the plaintiff's' demand arises from the 
 manner of their running out the bounds of their township. By 
 their charter they were to begin on the south-east side of the 
 township of Chichester. lastead of that, they began on the 
 south-7iyes< side, as their return sets forth. Now what could jus- 
 tify their proceeding in this manner ? If the land where they 
 
90 APPENDIX. 
 
 were to begin was appropriated before, that could not avithorize 
 them to be their own carvers, to take what they are pleased to 
 estimate an equivalent, without a new grant, which they never 
 bad, nor did they ever make a return to the authority from 
 whence they derived their title, for confirmation of what they 
 had thus unwarrantably assumed ; for by their running, they take 
 in a considerable tract of land, really without their charter, and 
 which belongs to others. And if there was a mistake to their 
 prejudice in the bounds given them, that is no new thing — the 
 King himself is sometimes deceived in his grants. In such a 
 case they should have applied to the grantor for redress. They 
 allege they could not begin on the south-east side of Chichester, 
 because it joined to Nottingham on that side ; but if it was so, 
 what necessity of going four miles on Chichester before they 
 began their measure ? Their return, indeed, says, they were 
 directed to leave four miles, &,c. ; this is no more than their own 
 tale, for nothing appears to discover by whom, when, or where, 
 this direction was given. But a verbal direction was not suffi- 
 cient in this case ; they should have taken their land according 
 to their grant ; and 'tis as probable as any thing they say as to 
 this matter, the true motive for making this leap, (not in the 
 dark) was to get better land. Now the defendant avers it to be 
 fact, that if they had run as they ought, from the southerly cor- 
 ner of Chichester, they would not have reached the land de- 
 manded. 
 
 But now to come closer to this title, as derived from the 
 Crown, the defendant says that the right to all the lands the plain- 
 tiffs claim as contained in their charter, was long before granted 
 by the council of Plymouth, in whom the right of the Crown to 
 them was vested, to Capt. John Mason, (if there had been no 
 preceding grant from said council) which was confix*med by King 
 Charles L, and has been recognized by every crowned head to 
 King George I., from whose time till lately nothing was said of 
 it, by reason of the absence or minority of the heir. By all 
 which it appears that this right of Mason was always adjudged 
 good. Now as the s<iid lands were all waste or unimproved, ex- 
 cept what the settlers at Pennicoke had done upon that which 
 they claimed of them, they, beyond all question, belonged (agree- 
 able to Queen Anne's orders and the concession of the Assembly 
 here) to those who had Mason's right. And if this was the case, 
 the Governor's grant could be of none effect as to these lands ; 
 for the power of the Governor extends only to the right of the 
 Crown, of which the Crown was long before divested. Hence it 
 follows, the plaintiffs' title under the government cannot serve 
 them, of which the defendant may take advantage ; for it is a 
 well known rule that a defendant may plead any man's title 
 against the plaintiff. 
 
 And here the plaintiffs agree with the defendant, and allow the 
 right was Mason's, and that they cannot avail themselves of the 
 oharter aforesaid, only as a description of what they claimed, and 
 
JUTENDIX. 91 
 
 were in possession of ; but say, they have that right, for that Mr. 
 Mason's heir sold to Theodore Atkinson, Esq. and others, by 
 deed, dated the 30th of July, 1746, and that the purchasers, by 
 their deed of release, dated 31st of July aforesaid, conveyed tlaeir 
 right to the plaintiffs, among others. And here the defendant, 
 not willing to be in arrears, will in his turn at present agree 
 with the plaintiffs, that they have Mason's right to their lands, and 
 make no question whether the right of Capt. John Mason is now 
 in his heirs or Allen's. But then must que re how a right, ac- 
 quired in 1746, could give an actual seisin of the lands, the right 
 to which was then purchased, so long before the purchase as 
 1727 ; that is, whether a man, by virtue of a deed made to-day, 
 could be in actual possession of the land conveyed by it nineteen 
 years ago ? Moreover, the defendant must deny a right was con- 
 veyed by this release to the lands demanded, and whatever else 
 is within the bounds of Rumford, that is the plantation of Pen- 
 nicoke, for this reason. It is common learning on this subject, 
 that a release operates only to those in possession, and the plain- 
 tiffs' own declaration shows they have been out of possession 
 above twenty years. What benefit then have the plaintiffs by 
 this release as to the lands aforesaid ? 
 
 But now if we look into the release, we shall find it is n>ade as 
 much to the defendant as any person whomsoever. For he is an 
 inhabitant of Bow, as the plaintiffs themselves style him, and thi« 
 release is made to the inhabitants as well as to proprietors, of 
 what they possess ; and as the defendant had possessed so long 
 in his own right, he must of necessity be quieted by this release, 
 if it has any effect at all, and it would be doing the greatest vio- 
 lence to the words of it, to give them any other construction as 
 to this point ; and if so, it is submitted whether the plaintiffs or 
 defendant has Mason's right. But what may further be objected 
 to the plaintiffs on this head, and indeed is what first occurs, it is 
 a well known point of law, a chose in action or a mere right 
 cannot be transferred, and Mason's title was no more, as to all 
 the lands in the possession of those who were not parties at the 
 time of making the said deed to Atkinson and others. The lands 
 demanded, a? well as all the plantation of Pennicoke, had been 
 near twenty years in the possession of entire strangers to that 
 transaction. And then what title can the plaintiffs derive to 
 themselves under this conveyance to the lands in question ? This, 
 and much more, the defendant conceives may well be offered in 
 his defence, sufficient to defeat the plaintiffs' action, upon sup- 
 position he had no title. But that is not the case. — We shall now 
 consider the defendant's title. 
 
 In the year 1725, upon the petition of Benjamin Stevens and 
 others, a tract of land of seven miles square, at a place called 
 Pennicoke, by the government of the Massachusetts Bay, was 
 appropriated for a township, the bounds of which were as fol- 
 lows, viz. " To begin where Contoocoke river falls into Merri- 
 mack river, thence extending east seventeen degrees north 
 three miles, and west seventeen degrees south four miles, which 
 
92 APPENDIX. 
 
 is the northerly bound of said township ; and from the extreme 
 parts of that line southerly at right angles till seven miles are ac- 
 complished from the north bounds." Now it is agreed on all 
 hands, that within these bounds the lands demanded are contain- 
 ed. And as the proprietors of Bow have run the bounds of the 
 lands they claim, they take in something more than two-thirds of 
 what is contained within the bounds above described. And, there- 
 fore, as they have recovered part, they expect to recover the 
 whole that lies within what they are pleased to call their limits ; 
 for other parcels of which there are several other actions now 
 pending. And here it may not be amiss to take notice of the 
 vexatious method they take to recover what they claim, by 
 prosecuting a great number of actions, each for a small parcel 
 of land, that they may prevent an appeal home, and that they 
 may have the advantage of the ignorance and prejudice of com- 
 mon juries. And with a view to weary out and dishearten the 
 defendants, who live at a great distance from Portsmouth, where 
 all the courts are held, with the expense of charges occasioned 
 to them by such a number of suits. Whereas they might as well 
 have taken an action for all that lies in common, in the name of 
 the proprietors of Bow, against the proprietors of Rumford, as 
 well as the action against the present defendant, and others of 
 the like kind. But to return. Among those who were to settle 
 this town, is the name of the defendant and one Nathaniel Page, 
 under whom he purchased a part of what is sued for. In the 
 year 1726, a division of lots of upland and interval was laid out 
 to the settlers, to hold in severalty, among which was the land 
 demanded, part of which is that the defendant purchased of one 
 Joseph Davis. These settlers prosecuted the settlement with 
 such vigor, that in the year 1730 they had a minister settled, 
 and a church gathered in said township. And in the year 1733, 
 they were incorporated into a town, by the name of Rumford, 
 (it not being the custom in this government to incorporate a tract 
 of waste land without an inhabitant, but tirst to seLlle the land, 
 and then make the settlers a corporation.) The act, by which 
 this corporation was made, was contirmed by the King after- 
 wards, in the year 1737. And notwithstanding their distance 
 from other settlements, within, and none without them, the difli- 
 culties and hardships which necessarily attend those who first 
 set down upon land in a perfect wilderness, where there is not 
 the least sign that ever English foot had trod the ground before 
 them ; and especially the danger, expense, and fatigue of an 
 Indian war, which they encountered.* Notwithstanding all these 
 and other discouragements, these settlers have stood their 
 ground ever since their first entry ; have persevered in their 
 resolution, have planted a tine town, supply themselves and many 
 
 * Besides an actual war, they have l)een frequently ririven into garrisins, and 
 kept in continual fears for years togett)er, or at least the whole summer season, 
 which was occasioned ay,aiH the next, by the threats and surly temper of the 
 Inciiaas. 
 
APPENDIX. 93 
 
 others withia them with provisions, afford other places both de- 
 fence and sustenance, and are likely to be a great advantage to 
 the province of New-Hampshire in general. Yet these are the 
 people the proprietors of Bow would eject ; would oust, not only 
 of their all, but of that all they have thus dearly purchased. For 
 what the said proprietors claim takes in all (withia a very trifle) 
 of the said improvements, which they would now cruelly, (I may 
 say) ravish from them, after they themselves, with folded arms 
 and indolence, have stood by a long time, and seen the others, 
 with the greatest toil and expense, make these improvements. 
 And the only reason that can be given for it is, they want some- 
 thing of this kind, and having none, they have made of their 
 own ; they take this as the shortest way of obtaining it. For 
 to this day these proprietors of Bow have not settled five fam- 
 ilies within their whole township ; and there is a great part of it 
 clear of any dispute, and that part too which is nearest to the 
 settlements within, yet nothing is done there, but they must 
 needs overlook that, to come at this, the mark at which their 
 whole view was directed. In short, they have not in the run of 
 twenty years done as much towards settling a plantation, as they 
 might, and as the others did, in two years ; yet they are so par- 
 tial to themselves, so blinded by interest, as to think, that be- 
 cause they once run a line round this land, &c. above twenty 
 years ago, they have an indefeasible right to it, which yet they 
 are unwilling to have brought to the test, and decided fairly in 
 the cheapest way, but endeavor, by piece meal, to destroy the 
 possessors. In tine, it seems they have set their eyes and hearts 
 upon this vineyard, and per/as aut nefas they must have it ; for 
 the actions they have recovered (which are several) have beeu 
 against common right, the common known principles of law, and 
 plain common sense. So much do they find their account in, 
 and means to obtain juries, entire strangers to these things, or 
 under the influence of a principle worse than ignorance. 
 
 But the plaintiffs object to the defendant's title several mat- 
 ters. That which they pretend to be very material is first — 
 The land called Rumford lies not within the bounds of what is 
 now the province of the Massachusetts Bay, according to the last 
 settlement of the line, the defendant himself will own ; and that 
 settlement was not a new boundary now first made, but is to be 
 considered in this view, viz. A declaration of his Majesty, of 
 what was always the true boundaries of these provinces, that 
 the province of New-Hampshire was always supposed to join to 
 the Massachusetts, wherever the dividing lines should be fixed, 
 and the lands now under consideration, lying in New-Hampshire, 
 the governnr.ent of the Massachusetts had no jurisdiction, or, 
 which amounts to the same, if these lands were out of their 
 jurisdiction, (" and the right of granting of lands was limited to 
 the right of jurisdiction") their grant was void ab initio ; and 
 therefore the settlers under them could derive no title to them- 
 13 
 
94 APPENDIX. 
 
 selves, but must be looked upon as, or actually were, disseisors. 
 But as their entry was recent when Bow was granted, the pro- 
 prietors might lawlirily enter upon them ; especially considering 
 the government of New-Hampshire had forewarned and forbid 
 the committee, who were on the business of beginning the set- 
 tlement of Pennicoke, to proceed in the name of the govern- 
 ment of New-Hampshire. So there was really nothing in the 
 way of the proprietors of Bow, any more than if there had been 
 nobody there. 
 
 Before notice is taken of the principal objection, it cannot 
 escape the most superficial observer, how weak it is for the 
 plaintiffs to lay stress on this forewarning, by order of the gov- 
 ernment of New-Hampshire. uikI in the next breath, as it were, 
 to confess, that the government had nothing to do with it ; that 
 the land was private property to which this related, an hundred 
 years before. But as to the grand objection the defendant re- 
 plies— When the land '^'as appropriated as aforesaid for a town- 
 shii^', the government jf the Massachusetts had the jurisdiction 
 in faot. Suppose it not to be dc jtire^ to whom were they answer- 
 able for mal-administration ? not to the proprietors of Bow, nor 
 even the government of New-Hampshire, for that government, 
 by the commission then in force, did not reach to the place now 
 under consideration, by several miles, as was hinted before ; 
 then they could have nothing to do or say in the case. Who then 
 was to correct this usurpation ? The King was so far from 
 charging them with any imputation of that kind, that he approv- 
 ed and confirmed the act by which the inhabitants of this planta- 
 tion were incorporated ; and as to the proprietors of Mason's 
 right, they were glad they had such good neighbors, for every 
 acre these inhabitants cultivated, doubled the value of as many 
 acres of those proprietors. Moreover, the government of the 
 Massachusetts exercised all the powers and authorities of govern- 
 ment, both legislative and executive, over all places, to the line 
 three miles northward of Merrimack aforesaid, till the said last 
 settlement, which were never annulled, or declared to be void, 
 as must have been the case, had this notion been entertained, 
 which these plaintifls advance, that the said settlement of the 
 line was only a declaration of what was always the true bounda- 
 ries of these provinces ; or that all which the Massachusetts had 
 done in this regard, was a mere nullity. And if the King has 
 not seen it proper to nullify all those acts of government, what 
 have the plaintiffs to do in the case ? It seems necessary that 
 all should be deemed valid, or all void ; or by what rule can a 
 distinction be fixed ? Besides, the settlement of this line, was on- 
 ly to settle the jurisdiction, and not to affect private property ; 
 nor was it ever designed to furnish a rule whereby that should 
 be determined. And the acts done by either government with- 
 in their respective limits, as exercised and used before the set- 
 tlement, must be held valid to all intents, to avoid that confusion 
 which the contrary notion would necessarily introduce, and 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 95 
 
 which arises from connecting ideas which have no necessary con- 
 nexion. Th=)t is, that the rights of government and the rights 
 of property are always united, or that the latter has a necessary 
 dependance on the former ; which, with respect to this very 
 line, has in fact stirred a multitude of suits. If this opinion was 
 true, the jurisdiction of a goverament ought never to be altered, 
 without first hearing all parties whose properties would be 
 thereby affected, which must be all those who have any real 
 estates between the old and new line. And in what case of this 
 nature was this ever done ? And yet if settled without it, that is 
 without hearing such parties and determining their respective 
 rights, this position would, in case of such alteration, (which 
 frf^quently happens) be productive of the greatest mischief to 
 private persons, not only by exposing them to suits, but by the 
 ruin of those who held under the government whose jurisdic- 
 tion should be contracted. Suppose the alteration in this cas« 
 Tas it might) had been, by fixing the line ten or twenty miles 
 further eastwards, would the notion that such a settlement was 
 only a declaration of what was always, fee. then have prevailed ? 
 and that all the real estates lying westward of the line must be- 
 long to the inhabitants of the Massachusetts, and the old posses- 
 sors be sent a grazing, or to look out and subdue new lands, and 
 perhaps by that time they should be well settled, the like event 
 might happen. Besides, where shall we stop ? Many or most of 
 the ancient inhabitants within the towns of the same govern- 
 ment, have derived their estates from town grants, which aie 
 laid out on any of the commons not beiore laid out in severalty, 
 or appropriated. And by this rule, upon an alteration of the 
 bounds of any two towns contiguous, there must arise the like 
 transmutation of property and endless controversies ; for these 
 towns are to many purposes distinct governments, and the gov- 
 ernments are only larger corporations. Now the cases here put 
 are the same in kind, and differ only in degree. From all which 
 considerations, and many more that might be added, it follows, 
 that ihe grants made by the government of the Massachusetts, 
 before the settlement of the said line, within the jurisdiGtion 
 they then had in fact, as well as other acts of government, must 
 be held good, and the grant under which the defendant holds 
 among the rest. Besides all this, with respect to the properly of 
 rtie soil, there is another matter to be considered. It appears 
 by the present charter of the Massachusetts, that the preperty of 
 the soil from forty to forty-eight degrees of north latitude, was 
 granted to the council of Plymouth, and is a fact so well known, 
 it is needless to offer evidence of it. It also appears by the re- 
 cital in said charter, that the said council by their deed, dated 
 the 19th of March, the third of Charles 1. granted to Sir Henry 
 Roswell, and others there named, their heirs and assigns, and 
 their associates forever, all that part of New-England, &c. com- 
 prehending the whole tract of land, which was called the Colony 
 0f the Massachusetts Bay, under the old charter. That about a 
 
96 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 year after, Kini* Charles confirtncdthis grrant by a double recital, 
 lirst by referring to the deed nuide by the council, and then by 
 the particular bounds in that deed, and made the grantees and 
 others their associates, a corporation on the place. That many 
 years after this, in the latter part of the reign of King Charles II. 
 this corporation was dissolved, by vacating the letters patent of 
 King Charles I. 
 
 NoAv from these facts it may be observed, that the council 
 of Plymouth, having the fee, conveyed the same, of all the land 
 within the bounds of their deed of the 19th of March aforesaid, 
 to Sir Henry Rosv/ell, &.c. as private persons, it being made a 
 year before the corporation had existence, and had no relation 
 to any corporate capacity. That the confirmation of the Crown 
 aforesaid admits that the grantees of the council had the fee oi 
 the soil, which is the thing they designed to convey, and if it 
 had not been done, there was nothing for the confirmation to 
 work upon, for a confirmation of a void conveyance is also void. 
 That the judgment, by which the corporation was dissolved, re- 
 lates wholly to the King's letters patent, by which the corpora- 
 tion was erected, and has no manner of reference to the deed 
 made by the council of Plymouth. The quere here is then upon 
 annulling the charter of incorporation, what became of the fee 
 of the land purchased by some of the members of that corpora- 
 tion as private persons, before the corporation was in esse ; or 
 how could the vacating or destroying a particular political rela- 
 tion, an ens rationis any wajs aft'ect the right of property ? If it 
 is said, that the said judgment nullified those letters patent as a 
 deed of confirmation : Suppose it — but what follows ? Nothing 
 as to this point. For the rule is, a confirmation is to bind the 
 right of him who makes it, but not to alter the nature of the 
 estate of him to whom made. Now if the grantees in the first 
 deed had the fee by that, the confirmation, when in force, did 
 not alter the nature of their estate, nor when annihilated, (if it 
 could be so in that respect) did that affect it. Upon the whole, 
 as to this point, it is submitted whether the dissolution of the 
 corporation aifected the right of property any more than it did 
 the moral state of those who were the particular members. The 
 consequence of all is, the right and property of ail the lands 
 within the bounds of that deed, was in those grantees, and still is 
 in those who bold under them. How far those bounds extended, 
 the judgment of the King in council, according to the opinion of 
 the Lords Chief Justices upon the complaint of Mason and Gorges, 
 in the year 1677, is an irrefragable determination. That as to 
 that part of the bounds which relates to the lands of Rumford, it 
 was to run parallel to the river at the distance of three miles 
 northwardly of it to the head, or as it is in the report, to the ut- 
 most extent of the river, &c. ; whereby it run a long ways bej^ood 
 the said township of Rumford, so that (here can be no doubt 
 whether it took in those lands. Now, supposing this right to 
 remain still in private hands, what have the government of New- 
 
APPENDIX. 97 
 
 Hampshire, or Mason either, to do with it ? And here again the 
 application of the rule above referred to offers itself. The land 
 is neither the plaintiffs' nor defendant's. How then shall the 
 plaintiffs recover ? Not by the known established rules of law, 
 but by a new method ; the land the plaintiffs demand is not the 
 defendant's, therefore they will have it. But here a question 
 arises. Supposing all to be true with respect to this right that 
 has been alleged, which way did it ever come to be the govern- 
 ment's again ? And if the property still remains in private per- 
 sons, what have the government to do to parcel it out, and put 
 whom they please in possession ? There is no doubt but the re- 
 incorporation restored the government to all they had before, 
 not expressly excepted in the new charter ; and as they had the 
 King's confirmation as a corporation, while that capacity con- 
 tinued, they must be supposed to hold by that ; but when that 
 was annulled, they were remitted to their ancient right, which 
 they had before the corporation was created. And it is submit- 
 ted, whether by necessary operation of law, a corporation dis- 
 solved, and afterwards incorporated by a new charter, either by 
 the same or a new name, is not of course restored to all its old 
 rights and privileges, without express words in the new charter 
 for that purpose ; and if it is, the question is answered. How- 
 ever the government has been in possession of, and has exercis- 
 ed the right of granting the lands to the inhabitants more than 
 sixty years, and if any particular person or persons might once 
 have claimed it, such right seems to be extinguished by non- 
 claiming the possession or exercise aforesaid. The deed made 
 by the council of Plymouth is not in the case, nor is it to be 
 found, nor any record of it, only by way of recital, it being; prob- 
 ably consumed, and the record of it, with many other papers of 
 a public nature, bj' the violence of a fire that destroyed the 
 State-house, with a great part of the town of Boston, in the year 
 1711. But by the recital in the charter it may be depended 
 upon as undoubted fact, that there was such a deed. 
 
 There is another objection made by the plaintiffs to the de- 
 fendant's title, which is, that the committee appointed by the 
 General Court to have the care of settling these lands at Penui- 
 coke, were to execute deeds to the settlers, which does not 
 appear to have been done, therefore they have no title. 
 
 The answer to which is, there was no need of it, for the land 
 was designed for those who would settle there ; the committee 
 determined who they should be, took a list of their names, then 
 the lots severed were drawn in tlieir names, and sot off to them ; 
 and by the terms proposed, if they perfected the settlement, the 
 land was to be theirs. And by the act or law of the province, by 
 which they were incorporated, past the seventh of his Majesty's 
 reign, it appears that they had fully complied with the terms 
 the General Court had fixed. So that the executing such deeds, 
 as it would have been a considerable trouble and charge, so it 
 would have been ex abundanti, and was therefore omitted. The 
 
WU Afviiniiin, 
 
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 l|«M|tt IM IIM<I><< MI'MA ; (MmI IViI* Ifil'MlI'ilM 'I IhIIM'I I'i I:IIM)H|mI(' IIm* 
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 «illtlt>l' I^MKltlUIIMIl • 
 
 p'lit liinmdiiH Jmmimm Id i\-imIiiM^ Mp I'\ iIm. Iidc Jiidt?*' I'd l» 
 #rllitti iMid IMimmmI iiMr> id IIm> |Mi|ii<r>> m|Mim «\ldi ti IImm MUliMUMoy 
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APPKN1>IX. 99 
 
 MjipeulH, iH n[)pliciil)lo to Mic'vyIioIp. Tlio cliHpulc, Iio\v«>v«*r, Wii« 
 not <-.(»ii!i|»lel»!l^ sellloti, tmlil the i»ru|iiicl()rH of \Unv liiid rxiortcti 
 Iiirj![«; sums ("roin Um; inliahiluntH ol' lliiiufonl, by \\i:\y ol" compio- 
 tniHf.| 
 
 Al llir (;<»iii( of S(. Jann'H, the 2f)(li <l:i^ ol" DfctMuhor, 17()'i. 
 
 I'llKSKNT, 
 
 The King's Most Excellent Majesty, 
 
 Eiul of Ilmiliiif.'loii, Visc.niinl I'^ihiionlh, 
 
 Kill! of ll:ili(;ix, IVIr Vlcr (.'hamlHTljiiii, 
 
 KjhI ()( Northiu.ihorluiid, (ieoij^*-. (I'renvillc, Vm([. 
 
 Miirl of Kj^n-iiionl, Henry I'dx, Ks(|. 
 
 Karl Dcdawaic, Welhort! Mlliw, Km(|. 
 
 r'|)oii reading al llie lioanl a l<.4-|)(irl iVoiii tlie Hi'^hl lionoialilc 
 tin- LohIh of tlx' Ci>irunitl'(*(! oi (yoiiiicil, lor li('arin<>; a|)|M*aU 
 Iroin th*' |>laiita(ionH, dated th(> I'Ttli oC this instant, in lh<; 
 words I'oliowin}.^, viz. : — 
 
 Your IMajcsty liaviiij^ hecH |)U:as«>d, l>y j/onrctrdcr in council 
 ol' Hk; l5tlio(' I'cluoary, I 7 - , to rfdei nolo this <,(unniilf«'(' tli« 
 huinhh' [M'litioii an<l apinal of JtcnjariiiM KollW, Msij. Daniel ( 'ar- 
 (cr, Tiniolliy Sirnonds, .Icdni Evans, .lolio (/'liaii<llcr, Ahrahanii 
 ('olliy, and Aliraliaui Kindiali, sotting forth, amongst other thin);s, 
 that in T'/'il, I'leiijaniin Stevens and others petitioned the (ieiieral 
 Court or Asscnildj' (»f \\n- IVIassachusittlH Haj', for a f^raid ol land 
 at I'ennicook, upon the river IVlerriniark, which p(>tition, havinjf 
 he en referred to a committee! of Itoth J louses, and thej' icporlod 
 in favor of the a|)plication, that it would h(; for the advantage of 
 (he province that |)art of the land pe.ttlioned for should hu us- 
 fligrn^d and «<'t ajiart lor u township, to contain seven miles sipiarc, 
 and to he^in where Contoocook river falls into JMeiiiniack riv<-r. 
 And they a|ipoint(Hl a (>omitiitl(;e to hrin*; i'orward the siiid scl- 
 llerne?it, and laid down several special directions with re/j^arJ 
 thereto. AikI amonj'.st otliers, that the Jatidfl slnnjld he divided 
 into un(! hundred and three lots or shared ; and that one tiundied 
 p(!r«onH or faniilien, aide to make their setlh nuMit, should he. 
 admittfid, anrl each settler to pay for his lot live jHtunds for the 
 us(! (d' t!ie province.', and he ohlj^^ed to hnild a y;(UH\ houscr f«i' 
 the faujily within three. y<!urs, and hreuk up und tenc*; \u a cer- 
 taiiM|nanlily of lanrl, and the hoilNe.s ami lots to he on each sido 
 lh<t river ; and that a mee,t(n;.V-liouse should he etrected and finish- 
 ed, which was to he assi(^ned lor the uffr. of Ihr- mlninler and (iir 
 the school, and the charge of the committee; was t(» he home- hy 
 Ihesetlhirs ; vvhi<;h Ite^port was af^ned io hy hoth Houses of the 
 (-'onricil an«l Asue-rrddy of that province, ami concuricfl in hy the, 
 (Jovernor. 'J'hat in 172(i, the town ol" Penidcook was laid 
 •ul, and divided into IoIb umoji^^st the |)ropiietor!i(, who hegan 
 
100 APPENDIX. 
 
 and carried on a settlement there with great difficulty and cost, 
 it beinj^ above twenty miles up into the Indian country, beyond 
 any Eng-lish settlement then made, and being a perfect wilder- 
 ness, having not the least sign that human foot had ever trod the 
 ground there, and notwithstanding the difficulties they were un- 
 der in establishing a new town in so remote a desert, they pur- 
 sued their undertaking with such industry and pains, clearing 
 the land, building houses, sowing corn, &c. that within a few 
 years a town was erected, and the place capable of receiving 
 their families, who were then removed up there. 
 
 That on the 6th of August, 1728, in consideration that five 
 hundred acres of land, which had prior to the aforesaid Pen- 
 nicook grant, been granted to Governor Endicott, fell within the 
 Pennicook boundaries, tlie Assembly of the Massachusetts Bay 
 came to a resolution, which was concurred in by the Governor 
 and Council, that the Pennicook settlers should be allowed and 
 empowered, by a surveyor and chain-men upon oath, to extend 
 the south bounds of their township one hundred and thirty rods 
 the breadth of their town, and the same was accordingly granted 
 and confirmed to them as an equivalent for the said five hundred 
 acres of land. And in a few years they had so far erected and 
 settled a town, that in 1 733, the Governor, Council, and Assem- 
 bly of the Massachusetts Bay passed an act for erecting the said 
 plantation of Pennicook into a township, by the name of Rum- 
 ford ; which act was confirmed by his late Majesty in council ; 
 and the said settlers having ever since, at great costs and labor, 
 gone on improving the lands within the said township of Rum- 
 ford, by building, cultivation, and otherwise ; and having been i*a 
 continual possession thereof for above thirty years past, and the 
 same is now become a frontier town on that part of New-Hamp- 
 shire. 
 
 That on the 6th of August, 1728, David Melvin and William 
 Ayer petitioned the General Court or Assembly ol" the Massachu- 
 setts Bay, for themselves and others, who had served as volun- 
 teers under Capt. John Lovewell, praying a part of the province 
 land migiit be granted to them for a township, in consideration 
 of the service they had done, and the great difficulties they had 
 undergone in the war ; which petition being read in the House 
 of Representatives, it was resolved, that six miles square of land, 
 lying on each side of Merrimack river, of *he same breadth from 
 Merrimack river .is the township of Pennicook, and to begin 
 where Pennicook new grant determines, and from thence to 
 extend the lines of the east and the west bounds on right angles, 
 until the six miles square should be completed, be, and it is there- 
 by granted to the forty-seven soldiers, and the legal represent- 
 atives of such of them as were deceased, who marched with 
 Capt. Lovewell, (himselfincluded) when he engaged the enemy 
 atPigwacket. That on the 9th of July, 1729, the said David 
 Melvin and others, petitioned the Assembly of the Massachu- 
 
APPENDIX. 101 
 
 setts Bay, setting forth, that they had caused the said tract of 
 land to be surveyed and platted, and praying a confirmation 
 thereof, and that the grantees might be empowered to assemble 
 and ch(^ose a clerk, pass votes, and be empowered to admit the 
 persons in Capt. LovewelPs first march, to be associated with 
 him ; and the survey or plan of the said tract, which is annexed 
 to the petition, and mentions it to begin at the south-east corner 
 of the said other town of Pennicook, and from thence to run 
 out according to the grant. It was ordered, that the land describ- 
 ed in the plan should be confirmed to the petitioners and their 
 associates, and their heirs and assigns forever, provided it ex- 
 ceeded not six miles square, nor interfered with any former 
 grant. And the Assembly, on the 23d of September following, 
 ordered a preference to be given to those soldiers who were ac- 
 tually with the Captain in the engagement when he killed sev- 
 eral of the Indians, and the said resolutions of the Assembly were 
 concurred in by the Governor and Council. 
 
 That the Suncook proprietors carried on their said settlement 
 which adjoined to Pennicook, otherwise Rumford, in like man- 
 ner as the Pennicook or Rumford settlers had done ; and in 1737, 
 had a minister settled there, and by their industry, labor, and 
 charges, it became a good parish, filled with inhabitants. 
 
 That some years since, upon a dispute about the boundary 
 line between the provinces of the Massachusetts Bay and New- 
 Hampshire, his Majesty was pleased to issue a commission to 
 mark out the dividing line between the said province of New- 
 Hampshire and Massachusetts Bay, but with an express de- 
 claration, that private property should not be affected thereby. 
 And upon he-iring the Report of the commissioners appointed to 
 settle the said boundary, his Majesty was pleased, by his order 
 in council, made in 1740, to adjudge and order that the northern 
 boundary of the said province of the Massachusetts Bay are and 
 be a similar curve line, pursuing the course of Merrimack river 
 at three miles distance on the north side thereof, beginning at 
 the Atlantic ocean, and ending at a point due north of a place 
 called Pautucket falls, and a strait line drawn from thence due 
 west cross the said river, till it meets with his Majesty's other 
 governments ; by which determination two-third parts at least 
 of the said river Merrimack, v/ith the lands and settlement* 
 thereon, and among the rest, the said towns of Pennicook or 
 Rumford, and Suncook, would lay upon the said river consider- 
 ably above the said Pautucket falls, were excluded out of the 
 said prorince of Massachusetts Bay, in which they. had before 
 been thought and reputed to be, and thrown into the said other 
 province of New-Hampshire. That notwithstanding his Majesty 
 had been pleased, at the time of issuing the said commissioa 
 to fix the said boundary, to declare the same was not to affect 
 private property. Yet, certain persons in New-Hampshire, 
 desirous to make the labors of others an advantage to themselves, 
 14 
 
102 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 and to possess themselves of the towns of Pennicook, otherwise 
 Rumford, and Suncook, as now improved by the industry of the 
 appellants and the said first settlers thereof, whom they seek to 
 despoil pf the benefit of all their labors, did, on the first of Nov- 
 ember, 1 759, by the name of the proprietors of the common and 
 undivided lands, lying and being within the tov/nship of Bow, 
 brought an ejectment in the inferior court of common pleas, 
 holden at Portsmouth, in New-Hampshire, against the appellants, 
 by which ejectment the respondents, under the general denomi- 
 nation aforesaid of the proprietors of Bow, demand against the 
 appellants the possession of about one thousand acres of land, 
 alleging the same to lie in Bow aforesaid, and to be described 
 and bounded as therein mentioned and set forth in the eject- 
 ment, their grant of the town of Bow, dated the 20lii of May, 
 1727, from John Wentworth, Esq. lieutenant-governor of P^Tew- 
 Hampshire ; and that by force thereof they were seized in fee 
 of the lands thereby granted, to the extent of eightj^-one square 
 miles, and they had afterwards entered thereon, pursuant to 
 their grant, and were seized thereof, and alleged they were 
 entitled to the one thousand acres of land sued for, as part of the 
 said eig]it3r-one miles square of land, and that the same lay with- 
 in the said town of Bow ; but that the appellants had entered 
 therein and ejected the respondents, and withheld the same 
 fi'om them. To which action the appellants severally pleaded 
 not guilty, as to so much of the lands sued for as were in their 
 resp*;;ctive possessions. 
 
 That on the 2d of September, 1 7C0, the cause was brought on 
 to trial in the said inferior court, v/hen the jury gave a verdict 
 for the respondents, and judgment was entered up accordingly 
 with costs, from which the appellants prayed, and were allowed 
 an appeal to the next superior court. And on the 2d Tuesday in 
 November, 1760, the cause was brought on again to trial in the 
 superior court, when the jury gave their verdict for the respond- 
 ents, and the judgment was thereupon entered up, affirming the 
 said judgment of the inferior court with costs. That the appel- 
 lants conceiving themselves to be thereby greatly aggrieved, 
 prayed, and were allowed an appeal therefrom to your Majesty 
 in council, and humbly pray, that both the said verdicts and judg- 
 ments may be reversed, and that they may be otherwise reliev- 
 ed in the premises. 
 
 The Lords of the committee, in obedience to your Majesty's 
 said order of reference, this day took the said petition and ap- 
 peal into their consideration, and heard all parties therein con- 
 cerned, by their council, learned in the law, and do agree hum- 
 bly to report as their opinion to your Majesty, that the said 
 judgment of the inferior court of common pleas of the province 
 of New-Hampshire, of the 2d of September, 1760, and also the 
 judgment of the superior court of judicature of the 2d Tuesday 
 in November, 1760, affirming the same, should be both of them 
 reversed, and that the appellants should be restored to what 
 they have lost by means of said judgments. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 103 
 
 His Majesty this day took the said Report into consideration, 
 and was pleased, with the advice of his privy council, to approve 
 thereof, and to order, as it is hereby ordered, that the said 
 judgment of the inferior court oV consmon pleas of the province 
 of New-Hampshire, of the 2d of September, 17^0, and also the 
 judgment of the superior court of judicature, of the 2d Tuesday 
 in November, aflirmh>g the same, to be both of them re- 
 versed, and that the appellants be restored to what they may 
 have lost by means of the said judgments, whereof the Governor 
 or commander in chief of his Majesty's province of New-Hamp- 
 shire, for the time being, and all others whom it may concern, 
 are to take notice and govern themselves accordingly. 
 
 [No. VI.] 
 
 HEALTH, LONGEVITY, &C. 
 
 Synopsis of the Bills of Mortality for the town of Concord, from 
 the year 1798 to 1822. — By Th©mas Chadbourne, M. D. 
 
 1798 
 
 1799 
 1800 
 
 1801 
 
 1802 
 
 1803 
 
 1804 
 
 1805 
 
 1806 
 1807 
 
 1808 
 
 1809 
 
 1810 
 1811 
 
 25, 2w. 17' 70, 4m, 4. 2. 1. 40, 53' 38, 7' 67' 7. 4m. 
 
 49, 2.0.8. 2. 16' 0. 43, 
 3. 5. 57' 81' 51' 1. 80' 8ra. 8. 60' 30, 32, lOd. 21' 60, 
 lOw. 20' 50' 83' 78' 88' 13. 18m. 46, 8m. 18m. 2. 2. 
 
 4. 60' 0. 91' 7. 9. 4.1. 0.0. 
 4d. Id. 31, 0. 82, 21' 18m. 18in. 80' 21' 4d. 20d. 49, 
 
 22, 6m. 70' 45, 20' 49, 97, 2. 37, 28, 
 
 70, 37, 56' 48, 24, 0. 73, 83, 1. 5. 2. 3'. 53, 3. 3. 18m. 
 
 4. 2. 5. 9. 19' 82, 
 
 86, 80' 63, 60, 85' 2. 6. 0. 55, 65, 3. 2.3, 28, 4. 6. 0. 
 
 67' 43' 65' 0. J 8m. 30' 3. B3, 80' 0. 18m. 69' 19' 2. 
 
 29' 0, 0. 0. 0. 53' 
 70' 40' 3. 19' 0. 0. 72' 1. 0. 6-5' 53, 68' 2. 65' 25, 1., 
 
 1. 89' 2. 1. 45' 88, 0. 0. 
 
 71, 50, 36' 68' 0. 0. 22, 0, 90, 64' 0. 20, 1. 8. 45, 22' 
 22' 1. 45' 10. 64' 0. 67, .57, 10. 0. 92, 
 
 79' 2. 66' 0. 0. 0. 69' 22, 32' 24, 57, 92, 63, 
 
 18, 76' 0. 18, 60' 20, 0. 66, 84' 70' 0. 35' 0. 10. 86' 
 
 0. 0. 83, 5. 14,28, 3. 
 
 0. 0. 80' 2. 16, 58, 53, 35, 20, 17, 0. 18m. 27' 5. 40, 
 
 0. 50' 45' 95' - - . . . . 
 
 80' 2. 8. 0. 0, 0. 82, 29' 4. 70' 71, 22, 2. 27, 2. 1.0. 
 
 0. 41,30,65, 
 9' 65, 33, 45' 2. 14, 31, 92' 32' 0. 22, 17, 65, 63' 
 41' 82, 1. 11. 4. 74' 86, 19, 0. 32' 74' 31' 27' 64' 74' 
 
 5. 0. 37' 70' 3. 31, 25, 0. 46' 0. 3. 0. 0. 32' 0. 70, 3. 
 25' 59, 50' 0. 47, 73, 82' 11, 33, 
 
 From December 1811, to January 1819, inclusive, 
 there were 250 deaths — there is no record of the ages 
 to be found. 
 
 Tot. 
 26 
 15 
 
 25 
 
 24 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 27 
 13 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 14 
 
 41 
 
 250 
 
 Total, 
 
104 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Diseases and Casualties during the years 1819, 1820, 1821 and 
 
 1822. 
 
 Angina Maligna 
 Consumption 
 
 Cancer 
 Apoplexy 
 Infantile Fever 
 Fits 
 Inflammation of 
 
 the Brain 
 Spina Bifida 
 Scrophuki 
 Dropsy 
 
 Old Age 
 
 Petechia sine } 
 Febri ] 
 
 Drowned 
 
 Ferer Pulmonia 
 '' Typhus 
 " Puerperal 
 
 Infantile disea- 
 ses 
 
 Quinsey 
 
 Delirium tremens 
 
 Intemperance 
 
 Scalded 
 
 Abdominal In- 
 flammation 
 
 Dysenteria 
 
 Sudden 
 
 Unknown 
 
 r .... 
 
 40, 27, 22' 37, 28, 51' 40' 32, 29' 51, 16, 
 34, 25, 28' 15' months, 30, 28,46' 30. 
 19' 30, 28, 30, 23, - - . 
 
 84' 65, 
 
 54' 
 
 18m' 6w' 6m' 12w' 8w' 3y. 18m, 
 
 59' 2' 6d' 
 
 19, 27' - - - - - 
 
 6w' 
 
 16' 51, 
 
 52' 74' 1' 46, 30' 71, 3' 10' 
 
 68, 78, 80' 91, 86' 69, 78' 81' 85, 96, 
 
 78, 88' 70, 81' 85, 80' 77, 75' 96' 82' 
 78^ 85' 72, 85' 99' 76' 70^ 86' 77, 73' 
 76' 80, 70, . - , . 
 
 30' ... 
 
 20' 35' 
 
 20, 30' 69' - - - - 
 
 26- 18' 18' 35' 66' 30' 47' 25, 68' 40' 32' 
 
 40, 30, 27' 
 
 1' 3w' 2d' 6w' 3d' 6w' 2d' ly' 4m' Im' 2ni' 
 
 2' 3. 
 1' 8' V 2' 6d' - - - - 
 
 49' 27' 
 
 40' 60' 51' 
 
 3' 
 
 55' 50, 19, 17' - - - - 
 
 POm' - . - - . 
 
 73' 43' - - - - 
 ' 61' 2' 32' 0, 0, 2' 17' 8' 0, 0' 28, 
 
 24 
 2 
 1 
 7 
 3 
 
 33 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 3 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 11 
 
 Total 150 
 
 It is ascertained that from Jan. 1792, to Dec. 1797, there were 
 1 1 7 deaths, which makes the whole number of deaths during the 
 last thirty years, 803. 
 
 The above table is correct as to the number of deaths, but is 
 very imperfect in other respects. In many instances in the re- 
 cord of infants, there is no distinction of the sex, and in some 
 cases, the age of infants is not inserted. Such are distinguished by 
 a cypher thus, 0. A comma after the age denotes the females, and 
 the inverted comma the male sex. Those cases where no record 
 of sex was made are distinguished by a point. 
 
APPENDIX. 105 
 
 From the above abstract of the diseases and deaths, for the 
 last thirty years, it is reasonable to infer that the inhabitants en- 
 joy an unusual exemption from disease. Scarcely any infectious 
 disease has ever been known in this town ; and very few cases of 
 consumption, in comparison with other low situated places, occur 
 here. Each morning in the summer season the land contiguous 
 to the river is covered with a thick tog- : this fog in frosty sea- 
 sons prevents the destruction of vegetables ; and is supposed to 
 cleanse the air of impurities, which ai"e swept to the ocean by 
 the current of the Merrimack. 
 
 About the commencement, and during the war of the revolu- 
 tion, the Small Pox often appeared in different sections of the 
 country, owing, probably, to the frequent communications with 
 Canada,where the disease then prevailed ; to the free intercourse 
 that was necessarily held by the people with the soldiers and ar- 
 my, and in some instances it was supposed to have been sent into 
 the country as a means of annoyance by the enemy. 
 
 In July, 1775, Dr. Carrigain visited a patient in a neighboring 
 town, who proved to be sick with the Small Pox. He took it the 
 natural way. The nature of his disease was not discovered, un- 
 til John, the son of Mr. Nathaniel West, who lived on the oppo- 
 site side of the street from Dr. C. also took the disease. The 
 Doctor inoculated his own family, then consisting of five mem- 
 bers, who all recovered. Mr. West's family consisted of nine, 
 six of whom had the disease the natural wa}', the others escaped. 
 Mr. West, aged 58, died. It was first known on Saturday that the 
 Small Pox was in the town ; so great was the alarm, that the next 
 morning (Sunday) the inhabitants assembled, en masse^ and com- 
 menced the erection of a " Pest House" in a retired grove west 
 of the late residence of Capt. Benjamin Emery, and such was the 
 zeal and activity with which they applied themselves to the 
 work, that by night a convenient house to consist of four rooms 
 had been hewed, framed, and raised, and the boards for covering, 
 and brick for the chimney were drawn on to the ground. Dr. 
 Carrigain and his family remained at their own house opposite 
 to where Charles Walker, Esq. now resides ; fences were run a- 
 cross the street lo cut off all communication, and a road was open- 
 ed through the fields. Mr. West's family was conveyed to the 
 Pest House. None of the inhabitants were inoculated. The 
 house afterwards served occasionally for the reception of transient 
 soldiers of the army, who either had or were suspected to have 
 the disease. 
 
 The question naturally arises, why were not all who were ex- 
 posed to the infection iaimediately inoculated ? A law was then 
 in force " for the prevention of the spread of the Small Pox,'' 
 which forbid under a penalty any person inoculating without 
 leave from court, and the people in those days were brought up 
 in the belief that laws were made to be obeyed. 
 
 In 1793, the Small Pox again appeared in a family in the west- 
 erly part of the town. The family consisted of thirteen m^ra- 
 
106 APPENDIX. 
 
 ber?, all of whom had the disease without inoculation. Mr. 
 Jonathan Stickney, the father, and an infant child, died. The 
 manner in which the infection was conveyed to this family nerer 
 has with cei-taioty been ascertained. 
 
 In the winter of 1812-13, when the disease known by the dif- 
 ferent appellations of Malignant Pleurisy. Spotted Fever. Bilious 
 Pneumonia. k,c. spread go generally' through the N. E. States, 
 this town was rijsited in common with others. TTie character of 
 the disease wa« that of a Typhoid Pneumonia^ not alarming at 
 first, but in iu^ progress- discovering a malignancy that too often 
 rendered ineffectual all the boasted remedies of our profession. 
 It was, however, confined principally to the soldiery, then quar- 
 tered in the town — but few of the citizens tell victims to it.* 
 
 In the winter of 1816-17, the disease appeared again in the 
 westerly section of the town, preceded by a season, remarkable 
 for its coldDes.?, long droughts and frequent frosts, that almost de- 
 stroyed the hopes of the husbandman. It now assumed a charac- 
 ter different from its appearance in other places. Its accession 
 in the worst cases was by an erysipelatous inflammation of the ex- 
 tremities, that soon ran iato gangrene, and generally destroyed 
 the patient. 
 
 The summer ©f 1816 was uncommonly cold throughout the 
 United States, and throughout Europe, except some of the most 
 northern parts of it. Vegetation was very materially affected 
 by this state of the weather. The small grains generally were 
 in abundance, and very good, but the crops of hay were deficient, 
 and Indian corn, by the frosts in August, was almost lost. But for 
 the inclemency of the season, the inhabitants were compensated 
 with a greater share of health than had ever been known since 
 the settlement of the town. 
 
 Those who are in the habit of noting the effects of the varia- 
 tions of the weather on the human coo-stituticn will recollect that 
 hot and dry summers are uniformly unhealthy — hot and wet sum 
 mers less so. — This season, which was cold aitd dry was the most 
 healthy throughout the United States of any in the recollection 
 of the oldest physicians. 
 
 The number of inhabitants in this town in 1767, was 752 ; 
 1062 in 1775; 1747 in 1790; S()62 in 1800; 2393 in 1810; 
 2838 in 1820. The average number of deaths for the last thirty 
 year* has been 27. Of the whole number of death? about one 
 1 2th part have lived to the age of 80 years and upwards — seve- 
 ral to nearly 100. The names of 85 aged persons, are found a- 
 mongthe records of deaths kept since 1708, whose ages amount 
 to 6634 yearf. In the year 1815, there were living in this town 
 60 persons, whose ages amounted to the sum of 4320 years. 
 
 • The Spotted Fever, in 1813. made its appearance Marcli 10, auJ continued ub- 
 tj! the middlf of May. 
 
 Casus of the inhabitant 93 deaths 6 
 
 Regular Soldiers, . . 49 " 7 
 
 Volunteers, . .100 " U 
 
 a47 24 
 
APPENDIX. 107 
 
 [NO. yii.] 
 
 A'arnes of the Physicians^ Attorneys and Justices of the Peace who 
 have resided in Concord. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 
 1. Dr. Ezra Carter, from South-Hampton, settled here in 
 1740 ; died in 1161.— See page 35. 
 
 2. T)v. Emery, who afterwards settled and died at Frye- 
 
 bnrg-h. Me. 
 
 3. Dr. Ebenezer H. Goss, son of the Rev. Thomas Goss, of 
 Bolton, Mass. He married a daughter of Rer. Mr. Walker, and 
 now resides in Paris, Maine. 
 
 4. Dr. Philip Carrigain, born in New-York, settled here la 
 1768, and died in 1806.— 5W page 62. 
 
 5. Dr. Peter Green, A. M., M. M. S. Hon. Soc. was bom at 
 Lancaster, Mass. in 1745 ; graduated at Harvard Coll. 1766 ; re- 
 moved to Concord in 1772, and has practised successfully more 
 than half a century. 
 
 G. Dr. Samuel Adams, M. D. from Lincoln, Ms. practised here 
 a short time. 
 
 7. Dr. Zadok Howe, M. D. from Franklin, Ms. practised here 
 severalyears ; removed to Billerica, in 1814. 
 
 8. Dr. Thomas Chadbournk, M. D. commenced practice here 
 in 1814 ; and is one of the present physicians. 
 
 9. Dr. MosEs Long, from Hopkinton, practised in this town 
 severalyears, and removed in 1823. 
 
 10. Dr. MosES Chandler settled here in 1816, and is a prac- 
 tising physician. 
 
 1 1. Dr. Henry Bond, M. D. practised a few years, and remov- 
 ed to Philadelphia, in 1820. 
 
 12. Dr. Samuel Morril, from Epsom, removed into this town 
 in 1820 ; and is in practice. 
 
 13. Dr. Peter Renton, from Scotland, settled in this place in 
 1822, and is in practice. 
 
 attorneys at law. 
 
 *Pcter Green, 
 
 *E!dward St. Loc Livermore, 
 
 tSamuel Green, 
 
 Charles IVulker^U. 1793. 
 
 |Philip Carrigain, D. 1794. 
 
 §fVilliam Pickering, H. 1797. 
 Samuel A. Kimball, D. 1806. 
 Samuel Fletcher, D. 1810, 
 George Kent, D. 1814. 
 Richard Bartlett, D. 1815. 
 
 *Thomas W.Thompson, H. 1786.l.2mo« A. Parker, D. 1019. 
 Moodij Kent, H. 1801. j 
 
 *Deceaseil. fNow Associate Justice of the Superior Court. |jRemoved to 
 Cliichester. ^^Slaio Treasurer. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, 
 
 In Concord, since the adoption of the constitution in 1784, with the 
 date of their appointments. 
 *Peter Green, * || Dec. 25, 1784. 
 *Timothy Walker, *|| Dec. 25, 1784, 
 
108 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 *Aaron Kinsman, Jan. 4, 1787. 
 
 * William Duncan, May 16, 1791. 
 *John Bradley,* May 16, 1791. 
 William A. Kent, * || June 18, 1796. 
 
 * rhomas W. Thomi)son, * Dec. 1, 1796. (1) 
 Jacob Mbot,* June ^20, 1797. (2) 
 
 Samuel Green, * || Dec. 6, 1800. 
 Stephen Ambrose, * Dec. 8, 1800. 
 Joiiathan Wilkins^ June 19, 1802. 
 AlbeCa.ly, * June 19, 1802. (3) 
 Philip Carrigaia, * June 12, 1806. 
 Isaac Eviery^ Dec, 12, 1808. 
 *Peter C. Farnum, Dec. 13. 1808. 
 Timothy Carter^ Dec. 13, 1808. 
 Samuel Morril, Dec. 12, 1808. (4) 
 Charles Walker,* June 15, 1805. 
 Ballard Hasdtine, May 31, 1809. 
 Jonathan Eastman^ Sept. 20, 1810. 
 William Pickering, Sept. 20. 1810. (5) 
 Samuel Sparhawk, * May 30, 1811. 
 *Paul Rolfe, June 15, 1812. 
 .John Odlin, Juae 18, 1813. 
 Samuel A. Kimball, Sept. 17, 1813.(6) 
 Moody Kent, * Jan. 31, 1814. 
 Isaac Hill, Nov. 5, 1819. 
 Amos A. Parker, 1819. 
 Isaac Dow, June 22, 1821. 
 Richard Bradley, June 28, 1821. 
 Jonathan Eastman, Jr. do. 
 Samuel Fletcher, June 29, 1821. 
 Richard Bartlett do. 1821. 
 George Kent, do. 1821. 
 
 John Farmer, May 16, 1823. 
 Robert Davis, Nov. 1823. 
 
 (1) Then residing in Salisbury,— (2) Now of Brunswick, Me.— (3) Then residing 
 in PlainfieW.— (4) Then of Epsom.— (5) Then of Greenland —(6)Then of Dover. 
 
 Thosepreceded by a * are dead ; those in Italicks are not in commission; those 
 followed by a * were afterwards Justices of the Peace and Qivorum, and those with 
 ^ II were Justices throughout the State. 
 
 [NO. VIII.] 
 
 Matnes of Town-Clerks ^Selectmen and Representatives., since tfie ycnr 
 
 1732. 
 
 TOWN CLERKS. 
 
 1732 Benjamin Rolfe, Jan. to March. 17G6 — 1769 Benjamin Rolfe. 
 
 Timothy Clement, from March. 1769-1778 Timothy Walker, jr. 
 
 1733—1745 Benjamin Rolfe. 1778-1787 John KitTibaH. 
 
 1746—1749 Ezra Carter. 178?— ]79f> Caleb Chase. 
 
 1749 to 1766 Interregnum— no town offi- 1796— 1819 John Odlin. 
 
 cers. 11819 to Francis A''. Fiik. 
 
APPENDfX» 
 
 10» 
 
 SELECTMEN. 
 
 1732.— Jan. to March, Ebenezer Eastman, John Merrill, Edward Abbot. 
 nSi.—M'.irch. Ebeaezer Eastman, John Chamilei, Jeieaiiah Stickney, Joseph 
 
 Eastman, EJvvard Abiiot. 
 1733. — Eben^zer Eastman, Benjamin Rolfe, Epbraim Farnum. 
 1724. — BcKJamin Rnlle, Jeremiah Stickuey, John Merrill. 
 
 1735. Benjamin Rolfe, Ebenezer Eastman, Jeremiab Stickney. 
 
 1736.— Benjaniin Rolfe, James Osgood, Joseph Hall. 
 
 1737. Benjamin Ri->lfe, J J^iu Chandler, Richard Hazeltine. 
 
 17,J8— 1739. — Ebenezer Eiis-tman, Benjamin Rolle, Barachias Farnum. 
 
 1740 1711.— Benjamin Rolfe, John Chandler, El)enezer Eastman. 
 
 1742 1743. — Benjamin Rolfe, Ebenezer Eastman, Jeremiah Stickney. 
 
 1744 Benjamin Rolfe, Barachias Farnuni, John Chandler, 
 
 1745._Beniamin Rolle, John Chandler, Jeremiah Stickney. 
 1746. — Johii Chandler, Ebenezer Eastman, Richard Hazeltine. 
 
 1747 1748. — Ezra Carier,Johu Chandler, Richard Hazeltine. 
 
 1749^John Chandler, Ezra Carter, Jeremiah Stickney, Ebenezer Virgin, Henry 
 
 Lovejoy. 
 [From 1749 to 1766, there were no town officers appointed.] 
 1766— Benjamin Rolfe, Joseph Farnum, John Chandler, jr. 
 1767. — Richard Hazeltine, Philip Eastman, Amos Abbot. 
 1768. — Benjamin Rolfe, Ebenezer Hall, Reuben Kimball. 
 1769. — Reuben Kimball, Ebenezer Hall, Timothy Walker, jr. 
 1770. — Timothy Walker, jr. Reuben Kimball, Benjamin Emery. 
 1771. — Philip Eastman, Timothy Walker, jr. Benjamin Emery. 
 1772. — Timothy Walker, jr. Joseph Hall, jr. Phinehas Virjjin. 
 1773. — John Kimball, Amos Abbot, Timothy Walker, jr. 
 1774. — Timothy Walker, jr. Reuben Kimball, Tiiomas Stickney. 
 1775. — Timothy Walker, jr. Reuben Kimball, Benjamin Emery. 
 1776-1777. — Reuben Kimball, Amos Abbot, John Kimball. 
 1778. —John Kimball, Joshua Abbot, Joseph Hail. 
 1779. — Timothy Walker, Ezekiel Dimond, John Kimball. 
 1780. — John Chandler, James Walker, Thomas Wilson. 
 1781. — Timothy Walker, John Kimball, Jihies Wiilker. 
 1782. — Timothy Walker, Be.njainin Emrty, Tisomas Wilson. 
 1733-1786.— Timothy Walker, Reuben Kinfball, Thomas Stickney. 
 17,S7. — Joseph Hall, Henry Martin, Tnouoas Wilson. 
 1788. — Timothy Walker, Benjamin Emery, Chandler Lovejoy. 
 1789-1790.— Reuben Kimball, Timothy Walker, Asa Herrick. 
 1791-1793. — Timothy Walker, Reuben Kimball, Berjarain Emery. 
 1794.— Timothy Walker, Reuben Kimball, John Bradley. 
 1795-1796.— Timothy Walker. John Bradley, Henry Martin. 
 1797-1798.— John Odiin, Richard Ayer, John Eastman. 
 1799.— Timothy Walker, John Odlin, Heniy M.irtiu. 
 1800. — John Odlifi, Jonathan Wilhins, Henry JVlMtin. 
 1801. — Jonathan WUkiiis, John West, Stephen Ambrose. 
 1802. — Timothy Walker, John West, Stephen Ambrose. 
 1803.— Jonathan Wilkins, John West, Stephen Ambrose. 
 1804-1805. — Jonathan Wilkins, John West, Amo.- Abbot, jr. 
 1806-1807. — Ebenezer Dustin, Enoch, Coffin, Edmund LeaTitt. 
 1893. — Enoch Coffin, Samuel Butters, Timothy Carter. 
 1809. — John Odlin, Amos Abbot,jr. Nathaniel Abbot. 
 1810. — Nathaniel Abbot, Edmund Leavitt, Sherburne Wiggin. 
 1811. — Nathaniel Abbot, Edmund Leavitt, Abiel Walker. 
 1812. — Nathaniel Abbot, Amos Abbot, jr. Abiel Walker. 
 1813.— Nathaniel Abbot, John Odlin, Amos Abbot. 
 1814. — Nathaniel Abbot, Nathaniel A mbroj;e. Nathan Stickney. 
 1815. — Nathaniel Ambrose, Joshua Abbot, Richard Bu-Jley. 
 1816-1817. — Joshua Abbot, Richard Bradley, Samuel Runnels. 
 1818. — John Odlin, Nathaniel Abbot, Nathaniel Ambrose. 
 1819. — Abiel Walker, Joseph Walker, Jeremiah Pecker. 
 18*20. — Richard Bradley, Isaac Farnum, Jeremiah Pecker. 
 1821. — Riciard Btadley, Isaac Farnum, Jeremiah Pecker. 
 1822 — Alba Cady, Isaac Farnum, Isaac Dow. 
 1823. — Jeremiah Pecker, Isaac Farnura, Isaac Dow. 
 
 16 
 
ilO 
 
 AlPPENDIX. 
 
 Representatives. 
 
 1775. Jlfay 11. —Timothy Walker, jr. elected delegate to the provincial coa- 
 grek*. [ He was one of the coinuiiitec who ia 1776, drew up a declaration 
 i>{ Indept^Bdence by this State.] 
 
 1777. Gordon Hutchins. [Col. H. being absent tliis year in the array, Col. Thom- 
 as Stickiiey was appointed. ] 
 
 1778. Timothy Walker, jun. 
 
 1779. Natiianiel Kolfe. — Jonatlian Hale and Timothy Walker, jr. delegates to 
 conTention in bept.— Thontas Stickuey delegate in December. 
 
 1730. Jiin.ithan Hale. 
 
 1781. Jlpril. Tiniotliy Walker, delegate to convention for forming constitution. 
 
 1702—1734. Timotny Walker. 
 
 178.5. PtterGrepn. 
 
 1736, 7. John Bradley. 
 
 1788. Peter Green.— Benjamin Emery, delegatfl to convention for adoption of coa- 
 
 stitution. 
 1739. Peter Green. 
 
 1790. John Bradley. 
 
 1791. Timothy Walker. 
 
 1792. John Bradley. 
 
 1793. William Duncan. 
 
 1794. 5. Daniel Livermoro. 
 
 1796. John Braiiley. 
 
 1797. William A. Kent. 
 1798—1800. Jacob Abbot. 
 
 1801. William A. Kent. 
 
 1802. Jolm Bradley. 
 1803—1305. William A. Kent. 
 1806-1808. Samuel Green. 
 1809, 10. Stephen Ambrose. 
 
 1311 — 1813, Stenken Ambrose and Thomas W. Thompson. 
 1814. Thomas W. Tliompson and Richard Ayer. 
 1315. Richard Ayer and George Hougji, 
 
 1816. George Hoogli and John OdlinP 
 
 1817. JolmOdlin and William A. Keifl. 
 
 1318. William A. Kent and Thoma? W. Thompson. 
 1S19. Ahiel Walkpr and Nathan Ballard, jr. 
 1820, I. Stephen Anbroseand Nathaniel Abbot. 
 1322. Steohen Arabrose and Sarnuel Morril. 
 Id2i. Stephen Ambrose and Samutl Fietcher. 
 
 [NO. IX.] 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 Garrisons in 174G. 
 
 1. On the E. side the river, at Capt. Eastman's. 
 
 2. At Rev. Mr. Walker's, near Horse-shoe pond. 
 
 3. At Capt. Lovejoy's, where L. Hutchins now lives. 
 
 4. At Mr. Edwdrd Abbot's, where the Souther house utandg. 
 [In this ancient building, now owned by Porter Blanchard, the 
 first male and female children were born, viz. Edward and Dor- 
 cas Abbot.] 
 
 6. At Capt. Stickney's. 
 
 G. At James Osgood's — near the site of BuUard &. Waterman's 
 store. 
 
 7. At Capt. Timothy Walker's. 
 
 8. At Deac. Joseph Hall's — the Wilkins place. 
 
 9. At Jonathan Eastman's, on the mill-road. 
 
APPENDIX. Ill 
 
 10. There was subsequently a garrison at Deac. Abbot's, near 
 the late residence of Mr. Thompson. 
 
 It is said, these were the only garrisons, or fortified honses, 
 ^erected in this town during the Indian wars. 
 
 T^ewspapers published in Concord. 
 
 The first newspaper published in this town was the Courier of 
 New-Hampshire, commenced by George Hough, Jan. 6, 1790 ; and 
 discont'.nued Oct. 30, 1805. 
 
 2. The Mirror, by Moses Davis, was commenced Sept. 6, 1792 ; 
 and discontinued in 1799. 
 
 3. The J^ew Star, by Russell and Davis, was commenced in 
 April, 1797. It was published in an octavo form weekly about 
 six months. 
 
 4. The Republican Gazette, by Elijah RuSsell, was commenced 
 Feb. 5, 1801; and discontinued in 1802. [Mr. Russell died at 
 Washington, Vt. May 25, 1803.] 
 
 6. The Concord Gazette, by William Hoit,jr. and Jesse C. Tut- 
 tle,was commenced July 6, 1806 ; and its publication continued un- 
 til 1819 — during which time several changes took place in its pro- 
 prietors. 
 
 6. The American Patriot was commenced Oct. 18, 1808, bj 
 William Hoit, Jr. and published until April, 1809 ; when Isaac Hill 
 purchased the establishment, and altered the name of the paper 
 to the JVew- Hampshire Patriot. It was published from 1811 to 
 1814, by Isaac and Walter R. Hill; and from 1819 to 1823, by 
 Isaac Hill &. Jacob B. Moore. It is now published by Isaac Hill, 
 under the name of Neisc-Hampshirt Patriot and State Gazette. 
 
 7. The Concord Observer, by George Hough, was commenced 
 Jan. 1, 1819, and continued to April 1, 1822; when John W, Shep- 
 ard purchased the establishment, and the paper is now published 
 by him under the name of New-Hampshire Repository. 
 
 8. The JVew-Hampshire Statesman was commenced by Luther 
 Roby, Jan. 6, 1823; and is still published by him for Amos A. 
 Parker, the editor and proprietor. 
 
 Concord Musical Society. 
 
 In 1801, Deae. Joseph Hall, "from a desire to encourage »nd promote the prae. 
 tice of sacred musick in Concord," made a donation to this Society, which had 
 been previously incorporated,* of $500 in the U. S. six per cent, stock. The orig- 
 inal sum was to be kept entire, and the interest accruing to be applied to the benefit 
 of said society, in such manner as a majority 6baU direct. 
 
 *Jntorpor(ded June 15, 1799, 
 
112 APPENDIX. 
 
 NoUs on the Weather^ fyc. 
 {No regular journal of the weather has ever been kept by any 
 person in Concord, and it is impossible therefore to give an ac- 
 curate account of the extremes of heat and cold. The follow- 
 ing notices are copied from a blank leaf in an old account book 
 belonging to Mr. Benjamin Kimbaix, who lives near the river 
 on the eastern shore.] 
 
 1762. The winter of this 3'ear was very gercre. Snows were frequent, and so 
 Jeep as to prevent passing in any direction for two months— being nearly 6 feet on 
 the level. 
 
 1772. In January, occurred a great flood. Thick masses of ice passed dovk-n the 
 river and were left upon the intervals. 
 
 1789. Uncommonly pleasant winter — grain »owed in December — and boating 
 continued until 29th Jan. 1790. 
 
 1795. Boating across tue river 17th January. 
 
 1796. The last boating 30tb November. 
 17b7. Nov. 25, passing on the ice. 
 
 1798. First bolting April 2. 
 
 1799. First boating April 6. Spring very baekwari— May scarcely exhibiting 
 the usual mildness of April. 
 
 1800. First boating April 3 ; last boating Dec. IG, and immediate passing on the 
 ice. 
 
 1801. First boating March 12. 
 
 1302. April 4, good passing on the ice with horses. 
 
 1804. First boating April 7. 
 
 1805. Ditto March 7. 
 
 1810. Considerable frost July 18. 
 
 1812. ApriM3, snow fell to the depth of 6 inclie«. May 4th and 5th, cold snow 
 storm. June 5, appletrees in full bloom. 
 
 1815- Snow fell fust week in December, and it continued good sleighing until 
 March following, without rain. Sept. 23d of tliis year will long be remembered for 
 the violence of a gale, which extended over the whole of New-England, and wa« 
 Tcry destructive. 
 
 1816. Cold season — the hopes of the fanner cut off. 
 
 1817. First passing on the ic« with horses, Dec. 23. 
 
 1818. March 1, commenced a heavy fall of rain, and on the 3d, the water rose 
 above the banks of the river. 
 
 1819. Mild winter — jouraeying with v/aeons, &c. the whole season. 
 April 5, great fresh, and Federal Bridge swept away by the ice. 
 
 — ,- May 19, extraordinary high fresh, the intervals entirely flooded, and 
 looking like an inland sea. 
 
 1820. May 26, apple-trees in bloom — a celd storm of hail and rain — hail two 
 inches deep. 
 
 Oct. 17, the highest fresh for 36 years. 
 
 1824. Feb. 10 and 11, great thaw and rain. On the Ittb the river suddenly 
 rose about 15 feet, the ice being very thick, and swept away the Federal and Con- 
 cord Bridges, in part. The ice in immense masses covering the intervaU along the 
 liver, presented a curious spectacle. 
 
V'lol 
 
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