3ie E26 Class. Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT i HOWARDS' GDIDE TO EAST FIOWDA, -BY- JOHN L. EDWARDS, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. JACKSONVILLE, FLA.: ASHMEAD BROS., PRINTERS, BINDERS AND STATIONERS. IS8I. m W, A, STILES, 51 WEST BAY STREET, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. And Manufacturer of Florida Curiosities, *®"ORDERS FROM ALL PARTS OF THE-=®a 4^COUNTRY PROMPTLY ATTENDED T0-®81 WATCH REPAIRING. Wholesale and Retail Dealers In Books, STATIONERY TOYS AND FANCY ARTICLES, ALL KINDS, AT THE LOWEST PEICES. We Solicit Country Merchants to Call. They can buy from us as cheap as at the North. NE^VSDEAILERS: — ALSO — PEffllNG, B* ail SDliG, AT THE LOWEST PRICES. BLANK BOOKS OF ALL KINDS MANUFACTURED TO ORDER. Orders by Mail promptly attended to. A Very Superior Quality. Best in the Market. MANILLA TISSUE (all full count, 480 sheets to ream.) 10x10, per ream, 14c.; 11x11, per ream, 17c.; 12x12, per ream, 2^c.; 11x15, per ream, 25c.; 24x36, per ream, $1.35. WHITE ORANGE PAPER, (all full count, 480 shee to ream,) 10x10, per ream, 25c.; 11x11, per ream, 30c. Spe- cial prices in large quantities. EVERY ORANGE GROWER SHOULD HAVE ONE A treatise on the Injurious and Beneficial Insects lound on the Orange Trees of Florida, with four original photo-lithographic plates, numerous figures, and twen- ty-three wood cuts, illustrating the diflTerent insects treated of.has just been published by Wm.H.Asbmead. Every orange grower should have one. Mailed to any address, postage free, upon receipt of price, §1 50. Address ASHMEAD BROS., 21 West Bay Street, Jacksonville, Florida. ;^ i EDWARDS' Guideto East Florida. HISTORICAL, GEOGRAPHICAL, DESCRIPTIVE, CLIMATIC, &C. Jacksonville, Fla. JOHN L. EDWARDS. /42/ n. ENTERKD ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE YEAR 1881, BY JOHN L. EDWARDS, IN THE OFFICE OF THE J^IBRARIAN OF CONGRESS AT WXSniNGTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. TO CORNELIi^, Why, though a thousand miles away, May not one's heart to loved ones stray. And out of lite's jjloomiest, cloudiest day Make all seem sunshine, happy and gay. One's heart may so stray, be happy and gay In thinking of loved ones far away ! But that gloomiest day into sunshine may Be so easily turned, I say nay. for per-force I've tried it and oft have found, (Thougji one may travel the world around,) The heart so plagued, such a loss will feel As keenly as though "twere pierced with steel. Yet, after all, (and of this I'm sure,) Tho' poverty's window's love's open door. Love, when true, will struggle and sigh And refuse the flight, so love yott and T. Then, as we're but mortal, as mortals let's live. And loving as mortals to each other give What will make our short s< ay here as happy and gay, As fresh and as blooming as flowers of May. ,^ INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. JACKSC Architects. Ellis & McClure, Page 12. Auctoneer & Dealer in Carriages Dzialynski, M. A., 70 Banks. Ambler, D. G., .58 First National Bank 63 Boats. Jones, Peter 82 Boot and Shoe Maker. Jacqmain, A 82 Books, Stationery, Etc. Ashmead Bros., 2cl pg cover Cigars. Fritot, H. M 20 Curiosities, Etc. Beach, J. S 22 Fridenberg, H. P 76 Gumbinger, J 60 Mackey, J.I 64 Stephens, L. 1 34 Stiles, W A 1st pg cover Greenleaf, D 4th pg cover Dentist. Dancy, W. McL 102 Druggists. Hughes .56 Tucker *fc lison 134 Dry Goods. RitzewoUer, S 7 Florist. Puetz, Arnold 28 Grocers and Confectioners. Rivas & Koopman 68 Jacobs, L 78 Hardware, Stoves, Etc. Garrett & Barnes 14 NVILLP]. Hotels. Carleton 84 St. James 42 & 54 Windsor 48 House Furnishing. Driggs, JonnS 72 Lawyers. Bisbee, H(n-atio, Jr., i Jenkins, Horatio, Jr.... [ 130 Robinson, C. L Liquors. l^Iarkens, Geo. W 62 Livery Stable. McMurray & Britain 11 Lumber. Wallace & Cashen 44 Lager Bier Saloon. Bohlen, J. C.H 80 Machine Shops. Murphy, T 134 Music. Campbell, A. B 12S Newspapers. Florida Union 136 Orange Dealers. Wamboldt, N. C 102 Paints, Oils, Etc. Weiskopf, F 74 Physicians. Huau I Kenworthy 130 Niles I LaRoche 30 Stout, HR 142 Photographs. Swift,(i.W 18 Plumber, Clarke, William 21 lY JACKSONVILLE. Railroads, Sav'h Fla. & Western G6 Real Estate, Coryell, 1 63 Griffin «fe Walker 9 Restaurants, Pettelini, Pereef Fils 46 Taylor, t.ieo. W .' 50 Shipping & Commis'n Merchant. McQuaid, P 26 Saddlery. Frlcker, M. E 15 Silks and Fancy Goods. Keene, O. L 38 -Continued. '^'^ Sporting [Goods Buffiugton, E 17 Pitman, W. C 116 Steamships, Mallory'sLine...8d pg cover National Steamship Line for Europe 40 & 126 Steamboats. Volusia 148 Druggist. Alba, E. M Fruit Preserves Vails, S. B Hotels, Magnolia Tailor (French). ; Baratier, Jules 52 Undertaker. Dye, J. Ramsey 32 Sr. AUGUSTINE. St. Augustine 96 .92 Orange Wine, Genovar, B 90 Undertaker, Kernan, W. A 94 PALATKA. Steamboats, Bouknight's Line 108 Hart's Line 106 Hotels, Larkin House 98 St. Johns 104 Taxidermist and Dealer in Cu- riosities, Fry, James^H 100 SANFORD. Hotels. 1 Sanford Grant Sanlbrd House... 110 City Hotel 114 (Watch Hill House, R.L 112 Livery Stable, Sawyer, Geo. E. 114 Real Estale, Ingraham, J. E x42 ' KEY WEST.— Cigars. -Huau, J . A. ..103-117 Newspapers. South Florida Journal. ..120 Hardware, Stoves. &c. Stafford & Ellis 118 ,142 PUEFAC THE intention of the writer is to place ia the lumcis oi every stranger a reliable Guide to the chief places of interest in the State, without cost. The enterprise is supported by the business coiiniiu- nities of Jacksonville, Fernandina, St. Augustine, Palatka, Sanford, and other points on the St. Johns River, as a compliment to visitors, and as a return the publisher would bespeak in behalf of the houses advertised within the most liberal patronage. The reader ujay rest satisfied none b?it houses of the utmost, respectability are admitted in the work, and whilst it manifests itself as devoted principally to East Florida, no slight whatever is intended to an}" other portion of the State. It contains a clear, concise synopsis of the Ii istory of the State from its discovery up to the date of pub- lication ; gives a correct idea, geographical and de- scriptive, of the State as it is, shows its climatological advantages, its population, poliiical status, products, manufactures, exports, and n)&ny n;iscellaneous mat- ters. The author iias in preparation for publication a coir.- piete synoptical History of Florida, witli Guide, which VI will contain, additionally, a full reprint of the work of Dr. William Stork, written at St. Augustine in 1765, and afterwards published in London. It will be offered to the public, neatly bound, at a very moder- ate price. ' J. L. E. X S, RITZEWOLLER, (DRY GOODS JOBBER.) THE ONLY WHOLESALE DRY GOODS HOUSE IN THE STATE. A SPECIALTY. ALSO if/ ^ m^Mu At Manufacturers' Prices. S. fflEWOLLER'S RKTAir- (The Largest Stock in tlie State.) 411 ®tt-i»til, /J l/F^si Bmj Sir mi. DKDK'ATION- This work is lmi.'r)]y dedicated to the me-r.ory of one, who. if not the greatest of :i\en, made the great- est of discoveries known in modern history, that is Se- bastian Cabot, of Bristol, England, who, under the commission of Henry the Seventh, discovered Florida — the continent of Nortli America— in the year A. D. 4497. Though nationally neglected, yet is there such a force in optTalion that if the reader desires to see his monument he need but look about hini, on ever}'' side it majestically stands, out-tov/ering Gizeh and all the labored costly colunsns of Europe. li is the Grand Republic of ir^ree America. The Author. TO THI^ PIRATE, ("iirsed be he who steals my work ; He's worse tlian aisy h(?;!ihen Turk : He ne'er shall thrive while he s alive, Nor shall he die in peace : Nor after death shall he lUid place Where welcome shall be shown his face. ©iiiiiiawiisiip 88 West Bay street, (Up Siairg,) JACKSONVILLE, FLA. REAL ESTATE AGENTS AND LANDS SUITABLE FOR ALL PURPOSES, (.:0N- STANTLY OFFERED IN DESIiJABLE LOCALITIES IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF Till-: STATE, We are always ready and willing to show Lands to intending pur- chasers, free of Expense, ''^"Special information can be had by personal ap- plication or correspondence. HOW IT HAPPENED. The battle of Bosworth Field, in 1485, brought aliout that European politics which played a much more important part in the affairs of this country tlian it is hoped will evei again occur. The Earl of Kich- mond, who was then in France, was induced b}' his friends to believe that the people of England were wearied of the tyranny of the ferocious Richard, and ready to hail any relief from his rule as a blessing. Richmond crossed the channel from Harfleur and landed at Milford Haven, in Wales, with but tv^^o thousand men. On landing, he was joined by many of the nobility who had been gained to his side by the unfortunate, "off with his head," Buckingham and had but little opposition until he met Richard in the bloody lists of Bosworth, The battle v/as desperately fought, bravely lost, and heroically won. Richard, though deserted on the field by his troops, under Lord Stanley, struggled for the mastery like a lion at bay, fearlessly hewed his way into the midst of his enemies, * sought personal combat with Richmond, killed Rich- mond's standard-bearer, pressed Stanle}^ for his life, hand to hand, and died every inch a king. "Nothing in his life became him like the leaving of it." The golden chaplet, torn from his brow by Stanley, served to crown Richmond, who was proclaimed Ilenry the Seventh. In this reign, 1485 to 1509, the "Yeomen of the Guard" were instituted, the "V/ars of the Roses" came to an end, and the continent of North Ameri- ca was discovered by Sebastian Cabot. Thus we see, the bloody field of Bosworth to be the il iimi! k BBimii T. McMDRRAY, GEO. M. BRITTAIN. Livery Stable, Cor. of Newnan and Forsyth Streets, opposite the St. Mark's Hotel. JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. The Finest Teams tk. City^i THE VERY LATEST STYLE Pleasure Carriages, OPEN AND CLOSE, TO LET WITH CAREFUL DRIVERS. HORSES, BUGGIES AND SADDLE HORSES, Furnished at the Shortest Notice. OMNIBUSES, PHAETONS & BAGGAGE WAG- ONS MEET ALL TRAINS & BOATS. •t^Special attention paid to orders left at the Stable for Passengers or Baggage, 12 indirect source wlience eventually sprang ilie opening up oi' the "new world." ilOi k IGLilES, R. N. ELLIS, A. E. McCLURE, Rao;n 3, West Bay Street, (Up StMh'8 in Bahlwiir.^ Bi(-ek.) % JxiOKSONYILLE, - FLORIDA. ^M3 /^Ti81 lllifi AND- p. O. BOX 784. UO^Y TO REACH FLORIDA. A great deal of gratuitous advice has been given upon tliis subject, but the practical points have not been touched. A well filled purse is the most essential of all needs. When possessed of one, the traveler will have no more difficulty in finding his way to Florida than if going from New York to Philadelphia. Baggage is "checked through" by all routes, "Sleep- ing cars" are run on all night trains, and dining rooms, such as they are, are located at convenient time points on all the lines. Travelers, when south of Washing- ton, D. C, and Portsmouth, Va., must expect to fare frugally, anything but daintily, and sometimes to pay more than is customary in the North, East or West, where meals are served in a polite and cleanly man- ner, the food being of the best character and without stint. There is but little difference in the time by the various routes to Jacksonville, the advantage being with the shortest line. To attempt any insinuation as to the ways of reach- ing Florida, would be simply nonsensical, and when such information is tendered, it should be looked upon with distrust, as in the interest of some particular line, or at least as a matter of supererogation. The interest of the State, however, and that of those who come here, demand a knowledge of the routes of communi- cation having facilities commending them to special patronage. Among the nmny steamship lines from Northern ports, the "Mallory Line," from New York to Jacksonville, direct, composed of new and splendid vessels, is wortliy of note. This line is very conven- 14 GARKETT & BAMNES CUXLEMT & COMUAGE Harness, Varnish, Oils, KEROSENE. Sash, Doors & Blinds, POWDER AND SHOT, Tinware, Tin Roofing AND JOB WORK. Specialties— MARVIN SAFES. Ready Mixed Paints. St. Louis White Lead. Dixie Plows Rem ington's Agricultural Implements. Red " C " Oil Adams & V/estlake's Oil Stove. Scult's Steel Barb Fence Wire. Cane Ferules. H^ Send for prices 15 lent, having uo changes, and making weekly runs all the year, contributes largely to the benefit of the State. There are elegant steamboats from Charleston and from Savannah that make regular trips to Florida dur- ing the winter season, and our railroad connections with Savannah and Fernandina are under going a magic change. The new^ route from Savannah via Way Cross, will shorten the distance to Jacksonville nearly one-half what it was via Live Oak, and the new line from Fernandina will cut down the length of road to a little over thirty miles, less than half the old distance. There will be more than a corresponding saving of time, as the roads will be new, have all the advantages of modern engineering and skill in their construction and material, and be clear of delays necessarily incident to running in connection with other lines. The rate of fare is greatly in favor of the steamship line, and by it includes meals, stateroom and atten- dance. The time by railroad is much the quickest. It is not advisable to purchase tickets to points in Florida beyond Jacksonville, as competition often reduces local rates. MANITFACTriiER OF AND DEALER IN Em M of HARNESS FOR LIGHT OR HEAVY USE. SADDLES i Ew I ON HAND OR MADE TO ORDER. 16 MALLORYS FLOEIDA STEAIHIP LlIE! The only Direct Line of Steamships BETWEEN JA€KSeHTIf.I.K SAILING FROM NEW YORK, PIER 20, EAST RIVER, EVERY FRIDAY, AT 3 P. M. SAIL- ING from JACKSONVILLE Every THURSDAY. Connections made at ^TaEALER IN GUNS, RIFLES, PISTOLS, POWDER, SHOT, CAPS AND CARTRIDGES. BUFFINGTON'S PATENT GUN SHELL, BUFFINGTON'S PATENT GUN CAPPER. First-class Repair Shop for Fire Arms. Sign of the Golden Breech-Loading Gun, ^1 ^W^est Bay Sti-eet, Jacksonville, Fla. 18 G, W, SWIFT, Photographic Artist, 15 ¥/i;^T ^^y ^TH'£;^T, Fridenbcrg's Building, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. ■ — •♦ -^ — All 'Worl?: in tlie Picture Line Pini^lied in Modern Style, FROM CARTE DE VISTE TO LIFE SIZE. AND OIL PSINTINGS IN ALL FORMS AND SIZES. RIVER DISTANCES. The figures hitherto given to the public are necessa- rily based upon the zig-zag course taken by steamers that make landings on both sides en route for the St, Johns River. The old figures, with the correct direct distances from Jacksonville, according to the last gov- ernment survey, subjoined, is here given : DISTANCES ST. JOHNS EIVER. ORDINARY. I ACCORDINGTOU.S. SURVEY From Jacksonville Miles. To Mandarin 13^ Hibernia 18^/2 Magnolia 22 Green Cove Springs 24 Picolata 30% Tocoi, (St. Johns R. R. for St.Augustine) 35% Federal, Point 42% Orange Mills 40 Palatka 54}^ Welaka 75 Beeche^ 70 Little Lake George \Vharf 77 Mount Royal 80 Georgetown 82i<^ Volusia Ear 96 Orange Bluff. IMU Hawkinsville 117% Blue Spring 124 ^/^ Ent. Lake Monroe 140^ Sanford 144 From Jacksonville Miles. To Mandarin 15 Hibernia 23 Magnolia 28 Green Cove Springs.. 30 Picolata 44 Tocoi 58 Federal Point 58 Orange Mills (53 Palalka..... 75 Welaka 100 Beecher 101 Mount Royal 113 Georgetown 123 Volusia 144 Orange Blufl'. 147 Hawkinsville 171 Blue Spring 180 Sanford i 204 | DISTANCKS ON THE OCLAWAHA RIVER. P^'roni mouth of river (opposite Welaka, on the St. Johns river, 100 miles from Jacksonville.) To Fort Brook, 35 miles; lola, 15 ; Eureka, 10; Sandy Bluff, 8 ; Palmetto Landing, 10 ; Gores, 5 ; Durisoe, 6 ; Graham, 5 ; Delk's Blulf, (5 ; Silver Spring, 9 ; Sharp's Ferry, 14 ; Moss Blulf, 20; Stark's Landing, 15 ; Lake Griffin, 5; Leesburg, 10; Okahumkee, including all the lake landings, 75. Total distance, 254 miles. 20 V , M, FRITOT, (FACTOKY NO. 22.) No. 23 Newnan Street, Jacksonville, Flori(l:i. MANUFACTURER OF I ii@||ifsis|Jili,fi. Wholesale and Retail Dealer in. -AND— CORNEK BAY AND NEWNAN STS. HISTORICAL SKETCH. We cannot enter into the details of the History of Florida, nor can we satisfactorily pass over how it came to be known by that name, therefore, a very brief sketch may be considered allowable and sufficient. It is generally accepted that in the year A. D. 1497, Sebastian Cabot, a native of Bristol, England, while sailing under the English flag, in the reign of Henry the Seventh, discovered the continent of North Ameri- ca. It is additionally asserted that Cabot did not land, did not visit the coast anywhere south of Cape Hat- teras, nor examine the interior of the country. It would be contrary to the rule that liolds in ordinary af- fairs, however, to believe it reasonable that Cabot, having discovered this vast continent, should adopt a course so ruinous to his name as a navigator, and so likely to subject him to the displeasure of his Sovereign and the contumely of a people with whom discovery had be- come both a need and a fanaticism, as to return to the English Court barely enabled to report the existence of an immense body of land in a previously unknown situation. Unfortunately, the records of the Cabot expedition have been surreptitiously sold, stolen or destroyed, and the only light that can be obtained comes through care- ful comparison of the best and most unprejudiced authors. Charles Dickens says, in his sketch of the reign of Henry the Seventh: "It was in this reign that the ' ' great Christopher Columbus, on behalf of Spain, dis- " covered what was then called the New World. 22 J. S. BEACH, 28 Laura Sireel^ near ^Bay^ JACKSONVILLE, FLA. ^AflUpACTUF^ER Op AND JeALEF^ IN OF 111 Wiil! THE TIRADE SXTI»r»LIEr>. — ALSO — ' mrtam L^mrtoBumB 23 ' ' Great wonder, interest, and hope of wealth being " awalieued in England thereby, the King and the ' ' merchants of London and Bristol fitted out an Eng- * ' lish expedition for further discoveries in the New "World, and entrusted it to Sebastian Cabot, of Bris- " tol, the son of a Venetian pilot there. He was very ' ' successful in his voyage and gained high reputation, " both for himself and England," This passage occurs in "Observations on The Flori- das," by Charles Vignoles, published in New York in 1823. ' ' ' Florida was discovered in the year 1497, by Cabot, " but it does not appear that the country was either "named or explored until 15 years afterwards, when " Ponce de Leon lauded in April, 1512." Manuder says — " The discovery of the North con- * ' tinent of America belongs to the family of the Cabots, "Venetian by birth, but who were residing in Bristol. "The father and three sons set out in the year 1497, *' stimulated by the fame of Columbus, and under the "patronage of Henry the Seventh, of England. They "discovered several islands and coasted the whole of *'the mainland of the northern continent down to the "Floridas." And again. "Florida was discovered " by Sebastian Cabot, sailing under the English flag, *'in 1497, but he did not laud to examine the interior * ' of the country. Ponce de Leon, a Spanish adven- "turer from Hispaniola, to some extent, explored the " country in 1512, and a second time in 1516." This last date, 1516, must be a mistake, as the second land- ing of De Leon in Florida was in 1521. This leads, in few words, to the conclusion that dur- ing his voyage of 1497, Cabot discovered this continent; that he sailed southward " down to the Floridas ;" that he discovered Florida, but did not examine the inte- rior of the country. This latter sentence is a broad way for inference, wherein may be driven every man- ner of opinion. It is but an avenue of escape, such 0) A- 1 111 1 fractical plumber, BJLTH TUBS, CLOSETS, AND WASH STANDS. Iron and Lead PIPE, RUBBER HOSE, AND PUMPS OF ALL KINDS. 56 West Bay Street, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 25 as is never neglected in good generalship, yet rarely, as here, so flimsil}^ covered as to exhibit foreseen desertion of the cause. The weakness is readily detected, and the wonder is why it has not been exposed before, its fabric stricken in the dnst and stamped out by lionest judg- ment. In this broad way we may venture, with all the force of reason, that Cabot sailed ' ' down to the Floridas," landed in Florida, and took possession in behalf of England. Then, having no aim at conquest, happy in astonishment at his own success in the gran- deur and vast extent of his discovery, and eager to relieve the anxieties of his friends, the merchants of Bristol and others, who provided the expedition, he re- turned to England as speedily as possible, justly emu- lous of Columbus' fame, and to claim the honors so nobly earned. I cannot find an assertion of authority, backed by any effort in its support, that Ponce de Leon discovered Florida, but somebody, at some time, has said, on such a day. Ponce de Leon discovered Florida. Writers of excellent repute, perhaps deeming the question frivol- ous, have followed in the wake, probably finding a jus- tification in the fact that it is much easier and far more * pleasing to saunter through the paths of gorgeous fal- lacy than to struggle with ditficulty and deception, and in return for the^ask have to dissipate a long cherished very pretty story. All v.Titers on the history of Florida, to whom I have had access, (with one exception, which I give below,) concede that Ponce de Leon, on Palm Sunday, March 27th, 1512, obtained his first view of Florida, and on the 2d day of April following, landed at a point very near St. Augustine, and having planted a wooden cross, with the usual formalities, took possession of the coun- try in the name of his master, Charles the Fifth, of Spain, Brinton, in a little ^Guide to Florida, published by him in 1869, disputes the date. He says— ''The 2G -t^ and ^O West Bay Stx*eet, JACKSONVILLE, FLA., AND MllSilOI MliOMIf AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN jCjmasm, hay. HOMINY and MEAL. PROMPT ATTENTION TO BUSINESS. _ o ^" Agent for Malloiy's Florida Steamship Line, and Steamer "Arrow," 27 * ' country received its pretty and appropriate name, "Terra Florida, the Flowery Land, from Juan Ponce " de Leon, who also has the credit of being its dis- " coverer." (Mark this — " has the credit of being its discoverer.") " He first saw its shores on Easter Sun- "day, March 27th, 1513, not 1512, as all the text " books have it, as on that year. Easter Sunday came "on April 20th." Peter Martyr says — "Cabot sailed so far towards ' ' the West that he had the Island of Cuba on his left " hand in the same degree of longitude."— Ilakluyt. The Island of Cuba extends from nearly the 74th to the 85th degree of longitude west from Greenwich. The center of this distance is 79 deg. 30 min. west from Greenwich, within a few minutes of the longi- tude of Cape Canaveral, from which point Florida still tends eastwardly. From these premises,t aking the medium of the island of Cuba, I hold, no one can logicall}'^ question my right to assume that when Cabot ' ' had tiie island of Cuba on his left hand in the same degree of longitude," he was off Cape Canaveral, or, perhaps, a few miles south of it. And again, I claim there is gross error in the assumption that De Leon discovered Florida in 1512, as no authority disputes that Cabot discovered the whole continent in 1497, which was tifteen years previous to DeLeon's chancing to land near what is now St. Augustine. The honesty of the claim in favor of De Leon about equals the reports, concerning the country, attributed to him, and other adventures, as made to the Spanish authorities, and, when fairly examined, it must stand or fall by the comparison. The Spanish claims and refutations are void of in- formation, the national and religious bigotry of the proud and unlettered Castilian was not likely,^ at that time, to allow anything to exist to show the achieve- ment of a great act unless it were traceable to a Span- ish source. The disappearance of many of the papers 28 OFTHF.FINEST FLOWERS. Itfti^teal Hi iiffli-f t®f till RUIT PLANTS lowering Plants, Bulbs and Roots. or Prices see my List, mailed free to applicants. ARNOLD PUETZ, Jacksonville, Fla. lorist Store and Office, 26 Hogan St. •> were obtained from a n^ember of her Cabinet, by the Spanish Ambassador, by bribery. The papa! mfluences afforded Spain, and the unscrupulous char- acter of her rulers when any cherished motive was in- volved, added to the reasons already adduced, point in but one du-ection, and that, such as led to the cold- blooded massacre of the Huguenots in Florida, simply because Spain held the power and deemed these things necessary to advance Spanish supremacy. From all these and many other considerations of a kindred character, I am forced to the opinion and full l)elief that Cabot did discover, land in, and take pos- sion of Florida—then unknown and unnamecWAnd we who now inhabit the place can well afford mii the mythical meed of honor of its prin.e discovery. _ Other Spanish adventurers followed De Leon, being like unto him, largely unsuccessful. Diego Miruelo, in 1516, sailed from Cuba to Florida, and made but a very brief visit. After him, came, in 1517, Fernandez ^ de Cordova. He was attacked by the natives, some of his men killed, many wounded, Cordova being among ti)c latter. He ordered a return to Cuba, where he\died of his wounds. - De Gary, then Governor of Jamaica, sent out Anton de Alaminos, who soon re- turned, having barely escaped the misfortunes and hard fate of his predecessors. In the year 1520, Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon visit(^d Florida, (Chicora,) now South Carohna, and abducted a number of the natives .to vVork the mines of Hispaniola. For this he paid ^_dearly, however, as one vessel was lost with all on ^tard, and the Indians on the other lived but a very l^ort tune ; they pined and died of grief. Ue Leon, ^n 1521, made another effort to possess Florida, but thejiatives attacked aiid slew many of his men, drove the others to their ships, De Leon was wounded, the expedition failed, returned to Cuba, and De Leon 30 0, LaRoche,M,D, - AND — AWediemi Eleatrieimm SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO Diseases e[ lie Boiies aiil Blool, Female Complaints . and Chronic Diseases, MAY EE CONSULTED BY LETTER. ADDiiESS JACKSONVILLE, FLA. P. O. Residence at Chaseville, St. Johns River, six miles below the city. 31 shortly after, died there. De Ayllon, being commis- sioned as Adelantado of Florida, with authority from Spain to conquer it, he returned to the coast of Chico- ra ; was kindly received by those whom he had so ter- ribly wronged but a short time before, until complete- ly in the toils, was then suddenly attacked by the Chicoras and his command almost annihilated. He must have perished in the slaughter, as he is no more heard of. The next was Paraphilo de Narvaez. He landed in April, 1528, on the west or gulf coast, near Tampa; marched through Florida with some three hundred men, in all the panoply and pomp of assured conquest, but the crafty Indians outwitted him, and but four of the command outlived the expedition and reached Mexico. Then followed DeSoto. He sailed from Cuba May 18th, 1539, and one week thereafter landed at Tampa Bay. He had the largest and best appointed force yet sent to Florida, but still all was a grand failure. Tristan de Luna, in 1559, with fifteen hundred soldiers and a few priests, were sent to con- quer and convert "poor Lo." He landed at what is now Pensacola. His was, like every previous effort, a sad failure, and he left for a more congenial clime. Spain, deeming the struggle hopeless, attempted noth- ing further until after the Huguenots, in 1562, under Jean Ribaut, undertook to colonize the country. They sailed from France in February of that year, and reached the coast of Florida in April. On May 1st, they crossed the St. Johns bar and named the sluggish stream within "La Riviere de Mai." Here they re- mained but a short time ; re-embarked and sailed to Port Royal, where they concluded to remain. Fort Charles was built, provisioned and left with twenty- five volunteers to defend it. Ribaut returned to France to encoarage emigration, but he found the nation convulsed with civil war and was obliged to leave the little colony to care for itself. After a few months, many having died, dissatisfaction wrought mutiny, the colony was broken up, and the few survivors returned 32 ^ pzcq cr^S .^^^_ , 11 if III "5, m O ei CC ' vli.e>i*e i'olial>le iiifoi^matioix can be depended upon, and piirties sent to Agents wlio will guide them to the Lands— PRIVATE, STATE, or UNI- TED STATES, Call on or address 1= OOH YE;LL, Room 1, Hazeltine Block, or L^^ck Box 8t)3, Jacksonville, Fla. I refer to— • Hon. George F. Drew. ex-Governor of the State. Hon. Wm. D. i.loxham, present Governor of the State. Hon. Jolin F, Rollins, Receiver U. S. L. O., Gainesville. Hon. S. U. Hammond, Fort Gates, Putnam County, Hon. F, L. Dancy, ex-Surveyor General, Orange Mills, Putnam Co. Capt. David Hughes, Bartow, Polk County, and County Clerks in every county. 37 the march from Tampa lor Fort King, with over one hundred well armed and equipped regulars, was sud- denly attacked and the whole body destroyed. One man" escaped and reported the terrible loss. (Their remains lie buried at St. Augustine.) This opened the war, which lasted until the 14tli of August, 1842, and resulted in a loss to the government of nearly 1,500 men and twenty-five millions of dollars. Florida was a territory from July 10th 1821, until her admission to the union as a State, March 3d, 1845. General Andrew Jackson was the first Territorial Gov- ernor. The State seceded from the Union in 1861, The result of the war is known of all men, slavery was abolished and no one now desires its revival. From 1868 to 1876, the Administration was Republi- can. In the latter year it became Democratic and so remains now. Thrift is apparent ou every hand throughout the length and breadth of her domain, and with immigration of the proper character, a bright future is in prospect for her people. Some doubts appear to exist as to who was the first Territorial Governor of Florida, some persons holding it was General Andrew Jackson, whilst others claim the distinction for Governor Duval. I opine both sides are, in a measure, correct. I find the following lan- guage in Fairbanks' History. (This book I believe to be the best of modern productions, as a history of Florida.) "Upon the change of flags, tlie civil ad- ministration of affairs devolved upon the military au- thorities until the passage of an act of Congress, on the 3d of March, 1822, for the establishinent of a ter- ritorial government in Florida. " —Page 269. And on page 270 — "The first Governor appointed was William P. Duval, of Kentucky." The Territory of Florida, therefore, had a Military Governor from the change of flags at St. Augustine, July 10th, 1821, until the 3d of March, 1822, when the military power gave way to civil authority. From these premises, it is clearly conclusive that General 0. L KEENE, 67m STB A r STSEET, (CORNER OF LAURA,) JACKSOIVVILLE, FLA. Nf O T I O W/S. — A FINK LINE OF — — ALWAYS IN STOCK. — I»x'omi3t attention Given to Order's PO.ST OFFICE ADDRESS— BOX 5;}8. AND 39 Andrew Jackson was the first Territorial Military- Governor, and William P. Duval was the first Civil Governor of the Territory of Florida. The Legislature of the State passed an act at their session of 1879, entitled — "An Act to establish a Bureau of Immigration for the State of Florida, and to promote the rapid settle- ment of the State lands." This bureau, through its Commissioner of Lands and Immigration, in the year of its creation, published a pamphlet upon Florida, its Climate, Soil and Productions, in wliich, under the head of "Historical and GeogTaphical," we are told — "Florida was discovered in 1497, by Captain Cabot, who sailed under the English flag." (In this, the writer is correct, except as to which of the Cabots the rank of "Captain" applies to. By substituting the name Sebastian for the word Captain, it will read properly.) This publication has been criticised with- out stint by the best authorities, and, as a result, the sec- ond edition, 1880, is out in a very much modified form As a sample of its metamorphosis, imder tne same head as above, we find this statement — ' 'Florida was discovered in 1512 b}^ Ponce de Leon." These two assertions are made without any attempt at si lo wing a foundation for either, and, although from the same source, are allowed to contradict each other withou) qualification . It is one of those State conundrums, given for the amusement of the people — the reason why — "no fellow will ever find out, you know." Although a State product, it will be best classed as a Florida curiosity. It is the merest folly to say that Ponce de Leon dis- covered Florida, and I trust the department will cor- rect the error in the next issue of its pamphlet, or fur- nish such authority as will settle the question satisfac- torily. Vekitas vinces. 40 AND THE BEST CABIN Anmaaiiis SECDID BY THE NATIONAL LINE OF STEAMSHIPS FROM NEW YORK TO LIVERPOOL AND LONDON DIRECrP. For particulars, apply personally, or by letter, to F. W. J. HURST, General Managei', New York. JOHN L. EDWARDS, Agent for Florida, Jacksonville. TPIE FRENC^H LINE FROM NEW YORK to HAVRE ALSO REPRESENTED, ' Send for Rates of Fare, &c. JOHN L, EDWARDS, Jacksonville, Fla, JOHN L. EDA^^AARDS, JACKSONVILLE, FLA.-., MOTAMIT PUBLIC FOR THE STATE AT LARGE, ANB PUBLISHER OF EDWARD'S GUIDE TO EAST FLORIDA. SAWS'' SHARPENED. KY JOHn Li EDWARDS. "A miss is as good as a inilg '' To pl'otect a rnan 'gainst a Miss's ginilo; But if a iDan that smile don't miss, He's very apt tliat Miss to kisss " As the old cock crows, the young cock learns." Cock-a-doodle-do, He that a penny saves, a penny earns. " A cat may look at a King," ' For which slie may get kicked, poor thihg. •'Better late than never," "Better bend than break.'' Better far, be never late, and power's friendship niakca " Be it for better, or be it for worse," .Simply tnakes a maid a nurse. '• Birth is muchj but breeding's more." 'Tis like the knocker to the door . That shows without^ how all within is kept in order, neat and trim* " Give the Devil his due," "Give a dog a bad name.'' The first will get he Avho seeks after fame, While in case like the dog's, a bad name's an evil- May drive the most earnest right straight to the D-vih Of all the saws that ever I saw saw, I never saw a saw' saw equal to the Adage "saw/' 42 S S GEOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. The State of Florida, from about five degrees north of Cape Sable, down to that point, forms a distinct peninsula. It runs from the mainland of the United States somewhat east of south, and separates the wa- ters of the Atlantic Ocean from the Gulf of Mexico. It lies between 24 deg. 33 min. (Key West) and 30 deg. 40 min. 18 sec. (Fernandina) north latitude, and extends from 80 deg. 10 min. (Jupiter Inlet) to 87 deg. 18 min. 23 sec. (Pensacola) longitude west from Greenwich. The foregoing figures will be found sufli- ciently accurate for all practical purposes, even those of navigation. The northern boundary is very irreg- ular, and for some distance in the western part, runs nearly half a degree further north than at Fernandina. It is here manifest that the extreme width and the ex- treme length of the State are nearly equal. From Fernandina, the State tapers down to a point at Cape Sable, the average width being about 130 miles, audits extreme length about 400 miles. "Cornell's Geography" gives the total area as 59, 268 square miles. The population of the State, taken from the U. 8. Census of 1870, was 187,748, an increase over 18G0, of 47,324. During the last decade, the advance in popu- lation has been very satisfactory to all ]3ersons inter- ested in our progress, and now shows in round num- bers, for 1880, no less than 206,566, of which 125,317 are colored. This is an increase in the last ten years of 78,818. The next census, 1890, it is fair to predict, will show up for Florida with at least a full half million of happy people. (See article on Population.) 44 -WALLACK & CASHEN. Alexander Wallace. Thomas V. Cashen. LUMBER OF mil M PLANED AND SHAPED TO ORDER SAWED AND TDBffiD WOI OF EVERY PATTERN CONSTANTLY on HAND or MADE to ORDER. Oi'ciiig'o Hoxes a Specialty. Prompt attention to orders and satisfaction guaranteed. "Alligator Saw Mill," JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 45 The lower or southern portion of the State is said to be "crescent formed." There are many islands, from Ke}^ Biscay ne down and around CapevSable, that fur- nish protitable employment to a large number of peo- ple. Timber is plentiful, tropical fruits and plants are easily raised, the collection of sponge is followed ex- tensively and remuneratively, wrecking brings in a large revenue to the Conch population, who are con- sidered almost amphibious, while fishing and turtling are made profitable. (3n one of these islands, about sixty miles west from the mainland, is the city of Key West, in north latitude 24 deg. 33 min., longitude 81 deg. 48 min. 1 sec. west from Greenwich. It is the county seat of Monroe county, which, with IManatee and Dade counties, (which bound it north and cast re- spectively,) has the largest area in the State, each hav- ing 5,000 square miles, being in the aggregate, one- fourth the total area of the State. The Everglades and the Big Cypress Swamp occupy a large portion of Monroe. A short distance, in the same latitude, still to the westward, lie the Dry Tortugas, embattled by Fort Jefferson, where Dr. Mudd. with others, were long imprisoned by the United States authorities for complicit}^ in the "Surratt Conspiracy," which resulted in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, on Good Friday, April 14, 1865, in the city of Washing- ton, D. C. The State is here bounded by the Strait of Florida, connecting the Gulf with the Atlantic, and through which passes the Gulf Stream, separating the United States from the Island of Cuba. The distance from Key West to Havana, port to port, is reckoned at 90 miles. The proximity of the West Indies insures the future conmiercial prosperity of this extreme south- ern "Island City." The New Orleans and Havana line of steamers stop here regularly for freight and passengers. The Florida Reef, a coral formation, just north of the Tropic of Cancer, is peculiarly the divid- ing line of the waters. On its south face it is nearly perpendicular and the water almost unfathomable, 4(5 I BBTTBUNfrS at© f^aaeals — AND — li^4WSA; BAY STREET, (Next to Ambler's Bank,) JACKSONVILLK, FLORIDA. EVERY- 11EI.ICACV THE MARKET AFFORDS, A LA CARTE. CHA M PA G ME S OF ALL THE BEST BRANDS, AND THE FINEST AND OLDEST VINTAGE LIQUORS of every description. English Ales, Porters, and fine Havana and Domestic CIGARS. Connoisseurs are solicited to test, and v^^e can assure satisfaction. BETTELINI, Pere et Fils, Proprietors. 47 while on the inside, in tlie "ship cliannel," it averai^es not more than five fatlioms in deptli. The population of Key West, in 1870, (U. S. Census,) was 5,0iG. The stean;ers between this point and New Orleans stop at Cedar Keys only, passing on the way Chatham Bay, Cape Romano, Punta Rassa, the terminus of the Cuban American Telegraph Cable, Charlotte Harbor, Tampa Bay, leading to Manatee and Tampa, at the entrance to w^hich stands Egmont Key, which has a fine light- house ; latitude 27 deg. 36 miu., longitude 82 deg. 45 min. It stands about 40 miles from Tampa and 7 fro]n Manatee. A few miles nortli of this, is Clear Water Harbor, visited only bj^ small sailing vessels. From abreast this point, a few hours steaming brings- the traveler to Cedar Kej^s, latitude 29 deg. 5 min. 49 sec, longitude 83 deg. 4 min. 4G sec. This town is built upon the inner one of a group of little islands, called keys, and is approached from the sea by an S channel, the most tortuouts known in these parts and very troublesome to the V)est pilots. The town is the terminus of the "Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transit Company's Railroad." (This Yond extends across the State to Fernandina, connecting the Gulf with the At- lantic Ocean.) The hotels are not of the " Mfth Avenue " order— the best is kept by Mr. Mclivaine. Following-up the Gulf, we come to St. Marks, from which point a direct line of steamers are run to New Orleans in connection with a branch of the Jackson- ville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, twenty miles from Tallahassee. From here, running nearly west, we reach Pensacola, latitude 30 deg. 20 min. 47 sec, longitude 87 deg. 18 min, 23 sec (Tlie longitudes given are w^est from Greenwich. To ascertain longi- tude west from Washington, deduct 77 deg. 2 sec.) The town has recentl3^ December, 1880, been almost entirely destroyed b}^ fire. West of the town is the Pensacola Navy Yard. It is the only place on the Gulf coast suitable for such a purpose. This place has jnore than an ordinary historical record, for whicli tlie ^15 ME oi> exoci lit 0,^(1 49 reader is kindly referred to an}^ good History of Flori- da Having now reached the extreme western portion of tlie State, we turn towards Tallahassee, the State Capitol, to reach which there is a long, tedious jour- ney made out of a very short distance, the only rail route being by way of Montgomery to Eufaula, Ala., thence down the Chattahoo(!hee River, by steamer, to Chattahoochee. Tlie State Penitentiary was here un- til the late administration changed it into an Asylum for the Insane. Tallahassee is now eastward, 44 miles by the J., P. & M. Railroad. Trains run daily, ex- cept Sunday. It is situated upon a hill some distance from the Railway station, and is primitively beautiful in its undulations and the little change it has suffered fit the hands of modcrners. By some legerdemain, however, the lawyers, tlie rascals, have crept in there and have built them a hive, where they legislate for the people, and make honey for themselves. In the sea- son of legislative session there is much confusion in this otherwise quiet place, but the annoyance is meekly borne by the people, as it occurs but biennially, and the law-makers and lobbyists spend a good deal of money in the payment of board bills, and other things excusable among this order of gentlemen. In passing around the country thus far, we may have overlooked some places, but the reader may rest as- sm'ed they are of little consequence as pleasure resorts and that the time can be better employed in what fol- lows. Jacksonville is 165 miles east from the Capitol. At this {"loint, elsewhere noticed, the traveler, no matter whence he comes, finds himself on the banks of one of the most beautiful streams in the world, THE ST. JOHNS RIVEK. This river was originally named "La Riviere de Mai," by Jean Ribaut, thellugUenot, who first crossed the St. Johns bar on the first day of May, 1562. The 50 TAYLOR'S EUROPEAN HOUSE, 99-105 West Bay St„ NEAR HOGAN, .T j^ O Ti. ^ i'ti»l>le Hotel iii Fiox'icla., capable of accoininv^^ljBO>^ which may be estimated froju the fact that it furnished surlicient, for all purposes, for the men ^od'Spilg^ of the patriot army in the spring of 1812, It'lljHw>ng since "gone where the woodbine twineth?'. ,^^j^;^17, the Spanish Government withdrew all its Florida forces from land and sea to St. Augustine. Mast«i«r ^same time, went there with his famil}' and never r^ththed; He sold his place at Cowford for fSOOtoa man named Brady, June 21, 1820. ....;.■',.'" John Brady having purohased- the J^Iastors', /flace.! moved there and built another house, (pine w^ the only timber suitable f()r building purposes in tlie vTcini- ty, and the increasing demand for it soon sufficed to remove the trees and clear the land.) Brady lic^pt- the feiTj, entertained travelers, was utterly iliiteratev-and: signed his name with an X, yet he is spoken- of ^ as jovial and always anxious for the coinfort of his' gneslsV ' _ William G.Dawson and SteplienE. Buckles. of Ge(^ gia, visited the place, and the climate and locality .suit- ing Mr. Dawson's health and Inisinoss vie\\^: t^^V &(U 56 St. James PHARMACY. Benj. L. Hughes, PHAEIACEDTICAl CHEMIST, [BY EXAMINATION,) Corner of Launi and Duval Streets, opposite St. James Hotel, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. Lemon Street, PALATKA, FLA. WHOLESALK A>D RETAIL DEALER IN Drugs, Cliemicals, Pa- tent and Homeopathic FANCY AND TOILET ARTICLES, SPONGES, TRUSSES, &c., &c. My stock of Druijs, Patent Medicines, etc, will be found complete in every dep.irtment. Those requirijiii; medicines and dealers in dru^s, will do well to call and get my prices for the above before purchasing elsewhere, which my location enables me to sell for less than any house in the City. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO TPIE PRE- SCRIPTION DEPARTMENT. AH prescriptions entrusted to me will be faithfully prepared at the lowest rates. I HAVE recently opened a branch in PALATKA, nnder the management of Mr. W. O. Woltz, witli a full line of DRUGS, MEDICINES, &c.. Paints, Oils, Window Glass and all articles appertaining thereto. J^ All orders received by mail, or otherwise, will be promptly executed at low rates. Give me a call. All goods warranted of the best quality. 57 cided to remain. Up to this time there was not a store nearer than Fernandina or St. Augustine. Goods were brought from St. Marys and Savannali in small trading vessels. The firm of Dawson & Buckles was formed, a stock of goods purchased in New York, a vessel chartered, laden therewith and dispatched to Cow^ford, where she arrived safely, (in all pro])ability, this was the first direct business trip and transaction betw^een the grand Empire Cit}' and the lovely St. Johns) and the first mercantile house was opened. The fame of the firm brought a lucrative trade to the place, and its becoming known that Brady and Ilogans could not accommodate the many people who d^alt there, Mr, I. D. Hart, who had served in the patriot army in 1812, and was then living on the St. Marys Eiver, was induced to remove to the place. Mr. Hart bouglit 18 acres of the Hogans' land, May 12, 1821. On a part of this he built and opened a large boarding house. His brother, Mr. D. C. Hart, put up a private dwelling opposite, the distance between them became Forsyth street when the town was laid out in 1822. These two gentlemen are the last spoken of as settlers. After the cession of Florida to this Government, on Washington's birthday, 1819, people flocked in rapidly from the Atlantic States as far north as Delaware. Among them, came from South Carolina, Francis J. Ross, Benjamin Chairs and John Bellamy, together with their families. The treaty was finally ratii^ed on the lUth of February, 1821, but the actual transfer did not occur until noon July 10, 1821, at St. Augustine, when amid the booming of cannon, the miserable symbol of Spanish tyranny was lowered, and the glo- rious banner of the ime thrown to the breeze. Eleven days later, the change of flags was consummated at Pensacola, and Florida becauK^ a part of Uncle Sam's farm. Dawson & Buckles now opened a boarding house, which tliey placed in charge of a widow, named Waterman, who had a large family. One of her daughters married Joshua Hickman, of Delaware, 58 B. G. AMBLER, _AND^ Fiiciel iEiiiit ComEPFleiit of JA MEH KING, 80N.S & '/O., DREXEL & CO., P.EOWxV BROrHERS, AND NEARLY ALL THE PRINCIPAL BANKING HOU8EH IN THI8 COU.s TRY AN D EUROPE. To^ii-ists ai-e Iii^ itocl to Ottll Newspapers from principal North eru, East- ern an-l Western cities on tile. LETTERS RECEIVED and FORWARDED Location: South side of Bay 8t., nesir Post-OfRce.. JACKSONVILLE, FLA., 59 who owned the "Mulberry Grove Plantation," now the residence of A. M. Keed, Esq. Joseph Andrews, a brother-in-law of Mr. Hart, next appeared upon the scene and opened another b-o-a-r-d- i-n-g h-o-u-s-e. The United States Territorial Government Act of March 3, 1822, required tne meeting of the Legislative Council on the second ^Monday in June of that year. Tlie Council met accordingly and divided the territory into four counties, of which Duval was one. On the 29th of the same month, Messrs. Cliiures, Ross and Bellam.y met at Cowford and laid out the new" town, one Miller acting as surveyor. Hart, Hogans, and Brady being present, they contributed eighty feet in width of their land for JVIarket street, and tlie same quantity for Ba}' street, running the entire distance of both streets within their claims. It w^as agreed that the blocks should consist of six lots, each 105 feet square, to run 315 feet east and west, and 210 feet north and south. It was also agreed that all the other streets should be seventy feet wide. Market street was the dividing line of the Hart and Brady claims, so the block on the north side of Bay street, and running east from Market, w^as designated "Square No. 1," and that running oppositely, west from Market, "Square No. 2," as complimentary to Mr. Hart, it being of his land and he the last settler. In laying out the other blocks!and streets, the original plan had to be varied from a little. Under the commissioners, Newman street was named ; also, Ocean street. (Libertj^ and Forsyth were pre- viously known.) Washington street was so called in honor of the first great Soldier President. "Adams and Monroe streets were added, and the Commissioners're- tired. The balance of the city has been arranged since. The change of flags and rapid growth of the place necessitated a more euphonious title than Cowford, ''so as a mark of respect to General Andrew Jackson, the first Territorial Governor of Florida, it was named Jacksonville. For nearly forty years from' this time, 60 J. GUMBINGER, Watclimaker, Jeweler, — AND — AND DEALER IN ida Curiosities, FEATHER FANS AND "FLOWERS.' SKIN^ of Native BIRHS^ THOROUGTILV CT^RED, A SPECIALTY. SHELLS, PLiffl ii DECOEATED, SEA BMiS, IQUMED II GOLB, WITH INITL\LS, MONOGRAMS AND OTHER DESIGNS. Alligator TTeetli, Gold Mounted, FOR CUFFS, PINS, EARRINGS, LADIES RREAST- PINS AND STUDS, in Great Variety. Fish Scale Jewelry, Etc. Visitors are kindly invited to examine the stock be- foi'e purchasing elsewliere. Be sure of tlie address, 98 West Bay Street, opposite Astor Building, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. HI the place enjoyed a sort of iuterregnmu. It realized more profit than trouble during the Indian war. The population gradually increased and became quite heter- ogeneous. Throughout ante bellum times it was little known, except locally. As a town, it made little pre- tention. After the war, there was little left save the location. The men of both armies had occupied the place alternately, and when it was finally evacuated by the troops, there was little of value left behind. The visitor may feel surprised when told, as he looks around, that our present beautiful city is the result of the labor of ihe last fifteen years. The streets are wide and laid out from north to south and from east to west, and contain many elegant buildings, such as the "St. James Hotel" and the "Windsor," situated north and west of the St. James Park, respectively, and the "Carleton," on Bay street. These houses are first-class, conducted by thorough hotel men, and are up to the times in modern improvements. The Astor block, corner of Bay and Hogan streets, is a splendid structure both in design and solidity. It is occupied by the U. S. Signal Station, now in charge of Sergeant Smith, and other offices, public and private. The two front stores are occupied by S. Ritzewoller, (Wholesale Dry Goods,) and Geo. W. Markens, (Wholesale Liquors. ) There are many other fine buildings on the Bay; among those most recently constructed, being Ambler's Bank. In hold- ing forth a few prouunent features, we may be par- doned for notable mention of this house, the banking establishment of D. G. Ambler, Esq., on Ba}^ street, near the Post Office, well known among our previous visitors as thoroughly reliable and sound as the Bank of England. Attached to the Bank is a Reading Room and a Register containing the names of nearly all prominent people who liave visited Florida for many years. It is a good place to spend an hour, and visi- tors are cordially invited to its privileges free. Letters received and forwarded, and everj^ facility such as ig afforded by the best financial houses in Europe. The 62 ilOlil W. 14111II 1 (Astor Building, Bay Street,) JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, DIRECT RECEIVEK OF KENTUCKY BOURBON - AND - — AND DEALER IN — Cigars, Tobaccos, &c. AGENTS FOR tkemser's Si. Louis Bofthd Lmger Bier, ALSO, CINCINNATI, ROCHESTER, MILWAUKEE, AND WILLIAMS- BUEG BOTTLED BEER, IMPORTED GIN, RUM, BRANDY, PORT, AND SHERRY WINES. BOTTLED LIQUORS, all have my private trade mark, (G. W. M.) None other genuine. All orders promptly rilled and shipped. 63 First National Bank of Florida is on Ocean street, one door north from Bay. This Bank is an emanation of the mind and means of General F. E. Spinner, ex- Treasurer of tlie United States, and under the man- agement of James M. Schumacher, Esq.,C'ashier, (who, by the way, is a son-in-law of the fine old General, ) offers facilities, with absolute security, to those who patronize it equal to any establishment in the union. Keid's Block and Rivas & Koopman's new Imildings are handsome structures, as is the fancy store of O. L. Keene, Esq., on the corner of Bay and liaura streets. Mr. Keene is one of the progressive sort, and has re- cently new-fronted his place with iron supports and French plate glass show-windows. It presents quite a metropolitan exterior, and its within can, for neatness, good order and civility, vie with any liouse of its kind boasted of elsewhere. Ladies who wish any of the latest elegancies are sure to be suited here, if anywhere in Florida. The stock of goods covers tlie very finest Hssortment of Millinery Goods, including Flowers, Feathers, Ribbons, &c.. Dress Silks of all fashionable hues and designs, i'ashmeres, Drap 1)' Ete, Henrietta €lotli, and Fancy Suitings, with Fringes to match. Ladies, Gents and Children's Fancy Hosiery, Scarfs. Ties and Handkerchiefs, Merino and Gauze Vests and Ladies' Corsets, Silk LTmbrellas and Parasols, and Kid Gloves from the best makers ; Table Linen of every de- -^cription, and a full line of White Goods. Perfumery, Toilet Articles, Novelties and Notions, In .short, it is the nmltum in parvo fancy bazar. IXylor'a European House, on Bay street., opposite the landing of Mallory's New York Steamship Line, is the cmly place of its kind in the city. It is finely furnished, always has the best in the market and is thoroughly well managed \)y its owner, under liis personal supervision. There ■are also numerous handsome private dwellings dotting the city, from wiiich the eye never w«aries by same- JYess of architecture. A leisurely stroll in the "mei-ry, in(^ry sunshine," will always please the invalid i^r 64 FLORIDA ^Manufactured and foi' Sale V)y J. I. MAOKEY. JEWELRY, CHARMS, ORNAMENTS, AND NOVELTIES OF Alllg-ator Xeetli^ SEA BEANS, BOARS' TUSKS, (^ORAL BEANS, JOB'S TEARS, SHELLS, ETC. As We iManufaeture all these Goods ir flOE own ESTABLISHIHT We can guarantee the work and quality. ©Mil ^1 tosi Millii Wt^ii^ ORANGfc], ROYAL PALM, PALMETTO, SNAKEWOOD, &c% Fish-Scale Jewelry and Ornaments. FLORIDA GRASSES AND SEA FERNS, NATIVE (XmAL AND SEA SHELLS. Japanese FANS and PARASOLS, In New and I'.legant Designs, Japanese Lacquer and Para Ware in great variety and finely decorated. You should not fail to see tliose beautiful painted SILK and SHEI.L. Purses. Special Orders from Customers Filled at Short Notice and very mode, ate charges, DON'T FORGET THE PLACE, No. 37 East Baij Street, Three Doors west of Carleton House, Jacksonville. Florida. pieiisurist. Tlie niagnilicent shade trees tliat abound everywhere in our streets aie justly a pride with the people and a great luxury in the summer time. The Churches include the denominations of Metho- dist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Episcopalian, and Catholic, I believe there arc a few ' 'xidventists" also here. If the latter be right, there will be little use for this little book. This will l)e the year jubilant with them, v/hile with us all things will "goto smash." The colored people are generally Methodist or Baptist. They have good, comfortable churches and are quite attentive to religious duties. The city has a "Street Railroad," which runs along Bay street, (connecting the Railroad Depots,) up Cath- erine to Duval street to the St. Jaines Hotel, down Hogan street and back to the starting point, making a very convenient circuit for the people. Also, a tine public market upon the water front, foot of Ocean street, and a smaller one up town, on the corner of Hogan and Church streets. It is furnished with gas by the "Citizens' Gas Light Company," has a first- class Water Works, with grounds attached intended for a Botanical Garden, good sewerage, is provided with a well conducted Public School Estabiishm.ent, a partly paid and very efficient Fire Department, with Steam Engines and every necessarj^ apparatus, a Fire Alarm Telegraph, and also has an excellent Hospital, St. Lukes. There are several Public Halls, a Circula- ting Library, Express and Telegraph Offices, four Steam Saw Mills, two Planing Mills, a Rice Mill, Grist Mill, Ice Factory, a Moss Curing l^Jstablislmient, and several very extensive Cigar Factories. The C^uriosity Stores particularly take the eye of the visitor, so let us take a stroll through one of them, that of Damon Greenleaf, This is decidedly the largest and finest es- tablishment of its kind in Florida, and is filled with such novelties as are unknown and unseen of — of all, except those who visit the State. The Watch, Clock and Silverware branch.es are of such character as to 66 ,. .„J THE ONLY ALL RAIL RODTE AND LINE to Through Passeiig-ei' Trains. Elegant Sleeping and Drawing- Room Cars. Westinghonse Air- Brakes— Steel Rails* Miller Platfornis-^Safe Bridges-— -Smooth Track* Movement of Freight in Through Cars, Avoiding Risk of Transfer. No De- lays. Claims Promptly Adjusted. iF'iMlit and Veg-etafole ^liii>iiieiitsi ill Ventilated Oai's. Transfer to Ship's Side at Savannah Witli- out Breaking Bulk. H 8. HAINES, C. D. OWENS, General Manager. Gen» Agt,, 315 Broadway, N. Y. JAS. L. TAYLOR, General Freight and Pass. At?*^' H,, (il endanger one's portemonnaie, e'en tliough it were chub-locked, particularl}' if his wile or daughter be with him, an(l as to ' Curiosities"— consisting of the beautiful plumage of the Crane, Buffalo Heron, Cur- lew, Paroquet. &c., &c., Alligator Teeth, finely fin- ished as ornaments, plain and artistically wrought, and suited to all purposes, "Sea Beans" of every sort, ele- gantly mounted as Cuff Buttons, Watch Charms, Ear- nings, Breastpins, »&c., &c., in great variety. Walking Sticks of all the indigenous woods, including the Orange, Lemon, Palmetto and Koyal Palm; Fish Scale Jewelry, and all material for its manufacture— it is the grand depot. The Museumenagerie in connection with the store, and free to visitors, will be found very entertaining to persons interested in natural history. On the same side of Bay street, near Pine, L. 1. ■ Stephens keeps the old stand, "Sign of the Golden Alligator," and is ever courteous and ready to show his stock of fancies to visitors. Next in order, on same block, will be found Mr. Stiles, whose styles are ex- ceedingly stylish, recherche and rare. In same di- rection, on the corner of Bay and Hogan streets, is the store of Mr. J. GumVnnger, where a full and fine stock of goods is constantly kept. Retracing our steps, near the Carleton, we find Mr. Mackey's, Flori- da and Japanese Goods. All are curiosity shops, and an hour spent in either of them may, in after years, bring many pleasant reflections. For particulars of these and all special lines, refer to the "Index to Advertisements." NAMES OF THE STKEKTS. Those running parallel with the river, are Bay. (this is the principal business thoroughfare, and next to the river) Forsyth, Adams, Monroe, Duval, Church, Ash- ley, Beaver. Union, and State. Those running at right angles therewith, (beginning at the west end) are Bridge, Clay, Cedar. Julia, Hogan, Laura, Pine, Ocean, ()S RIVAS & KOOPMAN, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL Bate, Coiciirs aiil Fit And Dealers in FOBffl ai DOifflC FEOITS, MANUFACTURERS OF MERCANTILE (Premium) SUGAR AND SYEUP From Sugar-Caue riiised upon our phmtation within two miles of JACKSONVILLE, Duval County. Special attention given to orders fi-oni the country. Remp:mbek the Address. 19 West Bay Street, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 69 (this street divides the city east and west) Newnan, John ' ^ ^'^^' ^^'^^°S^^°' Catherine, Marsh, and 1 '^^^ city extension, concerning which there are some legal quibbles, absorbs, ad interim, from Hansontown i ri^! northwest) Orange, North, Caroline, and Eagle streets^ From LaViUa, (to the west of, and paraUel with Bridge street,) First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth streets, with Ward, Bay,' Forsyth, Mansion hfn '°.?' ^^^ Race streets, at right angles. From Brookl lyn, (to the southwest beyond the bridge,) Commercial (he main street) Winter, Magnolia^ Oak,Tdplne LdMXjewar '' "^'^ ^°^'"' being McCoy's, MASONIC. Tlie Masonic Lodge Room is on the corner of Bav and Pine streets The Grand Lodge mee"s annually on the second Tuesday of January. There are two Subordinate Lodges that meet on the first and tS Mondays and Wednesdays of each month. ROYAL AEOH. The Grand Chapter holds its convocation annually on the second Monday of January. The SuborSe Chapter meets on the last Friday of each month KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD-FELLOWS. Florida Lodge, No. 1, and Friendship Lodge, No 18 TueLial.nH^/-',"^^' ^""' ^^ ^^^'ket stritrevery 1 uesday and Fnday, respectively. ^ 70 M. A. DZIALYNSKI, -AND- Commission Merchant. Two Stores. Both on the South, or River Side, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. DEALER IN Carriages, Buggies, LIGHT WAGONS, ™E CARRIAGE HARNESS, WHIPS, &c. AND GENBBAL COMMIS|ION DEALER IN A.L Provisions, Tobacco, j4nd Cig&rs. liaiSnittitMlTM prices obtained. . ,,„t,n.e respectfully solicited. 4f^ Business ot fJllij^Jf^^'^KI, Licensed Auctioneer. 71 B NAl BRITH. J ackson ville Lodge meets at Odd-Fellows Hall eve- ry second and fourth Sunday. There is also a Forester's Lodge here with a large membership, which meets at Masonic Hall first and third Wednesdays. NEWSPAPERS. The Florida Union is published daily, except Mon- day. BOARD OF TRADE. John Clark, President. P. McQuaid, Vice-Presi- dent. S. A. Winter, Secretary and Treasurer. This body meets every Monday night, in Polk's Block. The fleet of steamboats that traverse the St, Johns and Ocklawaha and other navigable streams of East Florida, are ably managed, well furnished, and supply their tables unexceptionally. From Jacksonville, there are several lines that ply regularly upon the St. Johns to Palatka — others go beyond as far as Sanford, (Orange county. ) Nearly all stop at Tocoi, and tnere con- nect with the "St. Johns Railway," which, under its present ownership and management, affords a very pleasant ride of fifteen miles (three-fourths of an hour) to "Ye Ancient City of St. Augustine." The bustle incident to transfer from the steamer at Tocoi is barely recovered from, ere one is rushed into the history of the past four hundred years. Further on, the reader will find a descriDtion of the place as it was in 1765, written by Dr. William Stork, during the English oc- cupation," and as it is, (1881,) by the humble author of this work. In writing 1881, we are some- what ner-vous about the prediction of "Old Mother Shipton." But if the poor old lady has made a mistake in her calculations. 72 JOHN S. DRIGGS, 13 W. BAY STREET, (East of Pine St.,j DEALER IN China, Crockery AND GLASSWARE, LAMPS, BRACKETS, PLATED WARE, AND TABLE WARE of Every Description. TOILET ^ETS. BROOMS, BRUSHES, and in short everything necessa- ry for convenience in house-keeping, of the very first quality. This long established and favorably known house keeps constantly on hand THE LARGEST AND FINEST Assortment of Goods IN THE STATE OF FLORIDA, Reale I*i'ofits ami One Price Only. No Trouble to Show Goods. 4®" Orders promptly attended to, and prices guaran- teed same as in case of personal presence of purchaser. EXAMINE STOCK AND OBTAIN PRICES. Sole Agency for Florida for the Aladdin Safety Lamp, n and the time be extended a few millions of years longer, it will take a heavy load off our fretful heart, as we may breathe a little longer the pure, balmy air of un* equalled Florida. But if she was not mistaken ? Then must Old Sol, (as in days of yore?) Stand still till all the smash is o'er. And in his light, unearthly bright, The mountains must be reft with fright ; The whole of earth mu.st quake and shake, While all the dead from sleep must wake ; And then will all become immortal. To fit us ere we cross the portal (Of the promised land, the land so grand, That no pen yet, nor yet a hand Has e'er been known the scene to paint, That truly represents a saint Who having crossed and stepped within, Stands "up-' right as a man" 'thout sin,) And when that portal has been crossed, Heaven is found though earth be lost. So fright we not, though we be mortal, For all is gain beyond the portal. Duval county, of which Jacksonville is the county seat, embraces an area of nearly 900 square miles^ Without intending to disparage any other section, it must be said, its lands produce everything in the way of fruits and vegetables of the finest quality, includ- ing Oranges, Strawberries, Grapes, and, in short, all except the Banana, Pineapple and Cocoanut, in paying quantities. In fact, the w^hole line of the St. Johns, and the Atlantic coast of Florida, and part of the southwest is of the same character, but the advantage in transportation and easy access to northern markets, is on the side of East Florida. The most difficult task is to produce satisfactory figures of the fruits product of the past year. It was hoped the Census would furnish the information, but that hope has failed, and we are obliged to content ourselves with the report of Putnam county, "The Fruit Growers' Association" of which gives the fol- lowing Orange aggregates for 1879— Number of groves, u To ik0 Tr&d^, HARRY IVKISKOFF, IMPORTER OF AND DEALER IN PAINTS, Oils, VARNISHES, €rlue§, Brii§lie§9 WINDOW, PICTURE AND CARRIAGE GOLD AND METAL LEAF, BRONZE. COPPERAS, ALUM, PUMICE STONE, KEROSENE. SAND AND EMORY PAPERS, &c. Agent for Pratt's Mineral Colza Oil, 300 degrees fire test^ And Johnson's Prepared Kalsomine. No. 4.0 WEST BAY STREET, Sign of the Big Barrel. No allowance for leakage or breakage after obtalnina receipt in good order. Terms cash. P. O. B. 57, 75 733. Number of trees, bearing, blooming, and about to bloom, 97,654. Young trees in gi'ove, 203,790. In nursery, 596,550, and the number of oranges for the year, five and nine-tenths (5 9-10) millions. It is ex- pected the figures for 1880 will show a largely increased yield. A reasonable valuation of the crop of 1870 will press closely upon $75,000, a very flattering [exhibit for one county in sandy Florida. Beside the Orange, the whole Citrus family propagates readily. The Lemon and Lime are receiving special attention, and pay well for their care, and, as a sequence, the manu- facture of Citric Acid must soon become an impor- tant branch of Florida trade. Sugar-cane is almost a sure and good crop, equal in quality to any produced in this country. Tobacco thrives everywhere without degeneration, and with proper attention, the finest Cotton is obtained. Indian Corn gives a good crop in the western part of the State, and Vegetables of every sort, of the first class, are everywhere readily raised. It is with great reluctance we leave the matter of pro- ducts thus crudely touched upon, not having the data or space to particularize. The Magnolia, Pride of In- dia, Cedar, and Live Oak, are trees special in value for beauty, shade, mannfactiu-ing purposes and ship- building, and are plentiful. Over one hundred years ago. Dr. William Stork wrote of East Florida, in a book published in London, about the end of the last centmy, and among other things said— "The situation of East Florida, in the southern part of tlie temperate zone, between two seas, the great Atlan- tick Ocean and the bay of Mexico, appears to be the natural cause of the goodness of its climate, for as on the one hand, a southern latitude exempts it from all the inconveniencies of extreme cold, so a maritime situ- ation, and its Ij'ing within the course of the sea breeze that daily blows across the peninsula, is the cause that the heat of the sun in summer is mitigated by the fresh- ness of the sea air, which, in a hot climate, is much more salutary than the air of an extended continent. •'The tender plants of the \\'est Indies usually remain 76 WHOl-ESALE AND RETAIL, DEALER IN Florida Curiosities, i^ea Beans, FISH SCALE AND SHELL or s 1^ ]^ X. m ^. PAMCQ IN EVERY VARIETY V/illN LyO, OF FLORIDA . WOODS. FEATHERS, FEATHER FANS, &c. INITIAL AND MONOGRAM ARTICLES, TRUNKS, VALISES AND UMBRELLAS. Be sure of the number. 15 W/^EST BAY STREET, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 77 unhurt during the winter, in the gardens of St. Augus- tine. ▼ "The mildness of the seasons and purity of the air are probably the cause of the healthiness of this country. "Since it came into the hands of Great Britain, many gentlemen have experienced the happy effects of its climate by the recovery of their health. "It is an indisputable fact, which can be proved by the monthly returns of the Ninth Regiment, in garrison in East Florida, that it did not lose one single man by na- tural death in the space of twenty months, and as that regiment performed duty in the several forts, at differ- ent distances from St. Augustine, St. Marks d'Apalachie, at200'miles, Picolata, 30, Matanzas 20, it proves in the most satisfactory manner, that the climate is healthy in the different parts of the province." The above extracts from Stork are given to show how Florida was esteemed as a health resort even at that early day, which it also was bj^ the Spaniards many yeai'S previously. ST. AUGUSTINE. That the past and present may be compared, I shall give Stork's description in full. He says — "The town of St. Augustine is situated near the glacis of the fort, on the west side of the harbour. It is an ob- long square. The streets are regularly laid out, and in- tersect each other at right angles. They are built narrow on purpose to afford shade. The town is above half a mile in length, regularly fortified with bastions, half bastio IS, and a ditch. Besides these works, it has an- other sort of fortification, very singular, but well adapt- ed against the Indians, an enemy the Spaniards had most to fear. It consists of several rows of Palmttto trees, planted very close along the ditch, up to the para- apet. Their pointed leaves are so many chevaux de frieze, that make it entirely impenetrable. The two southern bastions are built of stone. "In the middle of the town is a spacious square, called the pai-ade, open towards the harbour. At the bottom of this square is the Governor's house, the apartments of which are spacious and suited to the climate, with higii windows, a balcony in front, and galleries on both sides. To the back part of the house is. joined a tower, called in America, a look-out, from which there is an extensive prospect towards the sea, as well as inland. Tliereaer 78 A plate, a knife and fork and spoon ! Oh, how delightful ! what a boon To travelers who like to rove, Accommodations like these prove, When time there's for their use. But if you're late to catch the train, • And minutes few have to remain. Improve the time, your luncheon get. You'll find cooked ham on table set. So there is no excuse FOR NOT STOPPING AT THE ORAND NATIONAL JUST ONE BLOCK FROM THE RAILROAD DEPOT, Under the Grand National Hotel, CORNER OF BAY AND JULIA STREETS. Best Quality Groceries. Lowest possible prices. FRUITS IN THEIR SEASON. HOME-MADE PIES, BREAD, CANDIES and CAKES. TOBACCOS AND CIGARS. L. JACOBS, N. B. — Loans made on Diamonds, Watches, Jewelry and Silverware, or bought for cash. 79 two churches within the walls of the town, the Parish Church, a plain building, and another belonging to the Convent of Franciscan Friers, which is converted into barracks for the garrison. The houses are built of free- stone, commonly two stories high, two rooms upon a floor, with large windows and balconies. Before the en- try of most of the houses runs a portico of stone arches. The roofs are commonly flat. The Spaniards consulted conveniency more than taste in their buildings. The number of houses in the town and within the lines when the Spaniards left it, was above 900, many of them, espe- cially in the suburbs, being built of wood, are now gone to decay. "The inhabitants were of all colors, whites, negroes, mulattoes, Indians, &c., at the evacuation of St. Augus- tine, amounted to 5,700, including the garrison of 2,500 men. Half a milei^from the town, to the west, is a line with a broad ditch and bastions, running from St. Se- bastian's creek to St. Mark's river. A mile further is another fortified line, with some redoubts, forming a second communication between a stoccata fort upon St. Sebastian's river, and fort Mosa upon the river St. Marks. "Within the first line, near the town, was a small set- tlement of Germans, who had a church of their own. Upon St. Mark's river, within the same line, was also an Indian town, with a church built of free-.stone. "What is very remarkable, the steeple is of good workmanship and taste, though formerly built by the Ijidians. The Governor has given the lands belonging to this town- ship as glebe-lands to the Parish Church." Well, this^was a long while ago, and a great deal of change lawst h¥ive*been wrought, one would think, by the hand of man and time, so we will look for our- selves at ST. AUGUSTINE AS IT IS. This is beyond all question, the oldest city on the Continent of North America, having been founded in 1565, by the Spaniards, under Menendez, forty-three years previous to the settlement of Jamestown, Va., and fifty-five years before the arrival of the ' 'May- flower" at Plymouth Rock. (The place was visited by the French in 1564, when Laudonni^re named what is now the Matanzas river, "the River of Dolphins," but not choosing the site, he sailed thence up the St. Johns river, and located ^t St. Johns Bluff.) During so Lager Bier Saloon, No. 8 EAST BAY STREET, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, THE BEST BEER IN THE CITY ALWAYS ON DRAUGHT. LIQUORS AND CIGARS OF THK FINEST QUALITY, AND GENOVAR'S CELEBRATED THE BEST AND MOST DELICIOUS TONIC IN THE WORLD, By the Case, Bottle or Glass. Patronage respectfully solicited, J. C. H, BOHLEN, Proprietor, 81 the revolutionai'y war, it was occupied by the British troops, by whom it was evacuated in 1784. The very closest approximation to its present number of resi^ dents, awaiting the census report, is 1,036 people, who are mostly of Spanish or Minorcan descent. The site of the city is an obtong parallelogram, east of which isl the harbor, or Matanzas river, separated from the At- lantic by Anastasia Island, a narrow tract of land that runs about fourteen Iniles south. The streets of St. Augustine are, (running as the river does,) Bay, fronting the Bay, Charlotte, St. George's, Spanish, and Tolomato. In the opposite di^ rection, east and west, are, commencing at the Fort, Orange, Cuna, Hypolita, Baya'sLane, Treasury, King, Bridge, and St. Francis, and a few narrow lanes. The dwellings generally are quaint, and suggest a great lack of architectural taste on the part of the builders. They are chiefly constructed of coquina — shell stone — quarried on Anastasia Island, are almost invariably two stories high with windows that project from the upper stories, and in some cases, owing to the narrowness of the streets, persons standing upon their balconies can almost shake hands ''across the chasm," and cosily chat. Of late years, many prominent citi- zens from the North have erected modem and very handsome buildings, making a decided improvement, and rather Americanizing the musty old plaCe. Near the center of the city may be seen the "Plaza," within the enclosure of wliich stands a monument erected in 1812, which bears the inscription — "plaza DE la OONSTItUCION. ' 'Plaza de la Constitucion. Promulgado en esta Ciu-' dad de San Augustin de la Florida, Oriental en 17 de Octubre de 1812, siendo Gobernador el Brigadier DoQ Sebastian Kindalem, Caballero del orden de Santiago. "PAEA ETEENA MEMOEIA. "ElAyuntauiientaConstitucionalErigio este obelisco 82 A. JAGQMAIN, {Bottler Francais,) French Boot-Maker. Gent's Fine French Calf Boots, Shoes, &c.. Made to Measure, and guar- anteed according to order. IiEP»AIIl^I]VO TSTeatly r>oiie. Up stairs, Ledwith's Block, JACKSONVILLE, - FLA. Boats to Let. Mofm Boats, Smti Boats — AND— PLEASURE YACHTS, Let by the HOUR, DAY, WEEK or MONTH, with careful men in charge. Boats Built and Iiepaii*ed. Boat-landing and building-yard opposite the Carleton. PETER, JOIVES, PROPRIETOR* 83 dirigido por Don Fernando de la Maza Arredondo, el joven Regido Decano Y Don Francisco Robira, Pro- curador Sindico. "ano de 1813." Beneath the inscription is a square and compass. There is also a monument of very recent construction, to the eastward, within the same enclosure, much higher and of a widely different character, as is evi- denced by the inscriptions that follow. On the west side, fac^g the one just described, is— "OUK DEAD. "In Memory of our loved ones who gave their lives in defence of the Confederate States." Beneath this are twenty -three names, the majority of which must have come from the native population, and on the east side, facing the river, is seen — "Erected by the Ladies' Memorial Association of St. Augustine, Fla., A. D. 1873." On this side there are a like number of names, two- thirds of them being evidently of Minorcan or Spanish origin. The north and south sides bear a Latin cross. The Post Office and Court Rooms now occupy what was in English and Spanish times, the Governor's house. Next, and north of this, stands the Convent, and as we turn towards the river, we find the Old Cathedral, the oddity of its appearance, the misshapen belfry and general show of neglect of exterior alone making it worthy of examination. The interior has been brushed up a little. It is, however, one of the sights of St. Augustine, and must be taken in to com- plete the picture. The bright side of St. Augustine is its fine hotels, the "St. Augustine," kept by Captain Vail, fronting the Plaza and next the river, and the "Magnolia," on St. George street, at either of which a copy of this book may be had complimentarily. The 84 a ^ 85 Sea-Wall affords a delightful walk, and much sport may be found upon the river. At the extreii^e north end of the wall, stands the old fort, San Marco, now called Fort Marion, the walls of which frown gloomily upon us as we attempt to unveil its past history. Its construction was commenced in 1620, and finished in 1756, by convict labor chiefly. The material compos- ing the walls is coquina. The walls are twenty-one feet high, with bastions at each corner of its trapezium form, and enclose an area of sixty yards square. The principal Entrance is approached through a barbican and over a drawbridge. Over the entrance may be seen the Spanish coat of arnis, l)eneath which, nearly obliterated, is the inscription, (reduced to English) — "Don Fernando VI., being King of Spain, the Field Marshal, Don Alonzo Fernando liereda. Governor and Captain of this city of St. Augustine, Florida, and its provinces, finished this cftstle in the year 1756. The Captain of Engineers, Don Pedro de Brozas y Garay, superintending the work." The altar stone of the old chapel is shov/n. and, alto- gether, a visit to the old fort is quite pleasant. But the story of the finding of iron cages inclosing human skeletons must lose its horrible interest Avhen the fol- lowing letter is read. It is an answer to one of Jiiine of inquiry on the subject — "SMlTllbO.MAN InSTHTTE. "John L. Edwards, Jacksonville, Fla. "Sir— In reply to 3'om' letter of July 20th, we havH "to say that no objects such as those said to liave been "found in the dungeon of the old fort at St. Augug- "tine, have ever been received by us, although we are "aware that the im.pression is otherwise. "Truly Yours, &c., Joseph Henky, "Secretary Suiithsonian Institution." The absence of the Indians from Fort .Marion, (San Marco,) is accounted for officially, by wliat follows liere — 86 THIS EXCELLENT WINE HS MANUFACTURED UNDER IMY OWN SUPERVISION, AT MY ESTABLISHMENT IN ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA, AND I CORDIALLY INVITE TOURISTS TO VISIT ME. IT IS HIGHLY REC OMMENDED BY PHYSICIANS FOR- ITS MEDICINAL QUALITIES, AND AN IN VALUABLE WINE i CULINARY PURPOSL . For Particulars as to price, &c., call on or address ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 87 Office of Assistant Quartermastee, St. Augustine, Fla., Sept. 27, 1880. Mr. John L. Edwards, Jacksonville, Fla. Sir — The Commanding Officer has directed me to acknowledge receipt of your note of the 21st inst., and to say in answer thereto that "Medicine Water" and all other Indians at one time confined in Fort Marion, were released by order of the War Department in May, .1878, and gturned over to" the Interior Depart- ment, by which the older ones were sent to Fort Sill, Indian Territory. The younger ones were sent to the "Hampton Normal Institute," Hampton, Ya., to be educated and taught different trades, which proved to be a very successful experiment. All but seven of the Indians outlived their confinement and left here in perfect health. Very Respectfully, '^ Ja8. R. MoAuliff, 2d Lieut, 5th Art'y., Post Adjutant. At the southern extremity of the place, are the Uni- ted States Barracks, on the ground formerly occupied by the Franciscan Monastery, ('lose by this is the militarj burial ground, where the remains of Major Dade's commaud, over one hundred, rank and file, who were massacred by the Indians at the opening of the Seminole war, "lie inurned in three pyramids. There are other marks of regard for the valorous dead met with in this quiet, meditative place— this last sad home, where sorrowing friends have carefully laid away their loved ones till the last trump shall quicken again to life immortal. The Old Gate, standing sen- try-like at the end of St. George street, is an inter- esting relic, and deserves special notice as being the last vestige of the wall and bastions of defence that over a century ago surrounded "San Augustin." (Mr. Dewhurst, the Postniaster of St. Augustine, has in press a complete history of tliis interesting locality, which will soon be offered for sale.) The St. Johns Railway, which connects the place with Tocoi, upon 8S 8T. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA. MANUFACTURER OF ALL OOODS PUT UP WITH Fresli Frssit and MeHned WARRANTED NOT TO FERMENT. TER.^J^^D SWEET. GnavM Jelly and Marninlacle. Preserved FIGS, GUAVAS, ORANGES, LIMES, LEMON aud CITRON, lu heavy Syrup in Quart and Piut Glass Jars and Tin, ORANGE BLOSSOM SYRUP. Orders put up specially for family use. No charge for packing or freight on orders of ?10 or upwards to any Atl^n ti<; seaport. On orders of 97,. 75 cents addi tionaU S9 the St. Johns river, is in excellent order and now run- ning two trains daily, except Sunday. As present ar- fangements are, and they are likely to continue, per- sons going to St, Augustine had better take the steamer Eliza Hancox. She is a staunch boat, swift, trim Without and clean within, and makes the first train, which is advantageous in securing rooms. In coming out from the Ancient City, the early train is also the best for passengers going to Palatka, as they will make the Hancox and go through without stopping at minor points, securing the same advantages at Palatka as to hotel accommodations. PRINCIPAL PLACES ON THE ST. JOHNS EIVEK. (See Distance Table.) By taldng any boat of the "De Bary Through Line," (this is the only line running through from Jacksonville to Sanford, daily, except Sunday, and carrying the United States Mail,) of which the new steamer "Fred De Bary'ls the finest that cleaves the darlv waters of the St. Johns, tourists are enabled to reach any point on the river without change. The first landing of note, south of Jacksonville, is fr MANDARIN, a small village on the east bank of tlie river, and one of the oldest settlements in the State. Near the land- ing, almost liidden among fine old oaks and orange trees, is the home of tlie celebrated authoress of ''Uncle Tom's Caljin," Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe. HIBERNIA AND MAGXOLIA are on the opposite side of the river, and can furnish very comfortable accommodations. GREEN COTE SPRINGS. This beautiful place of winter resort is general]}'' conceded to be one of the finest on the river. One of its attractions ia the famous spring, whence the piftc© 9U < Q PC H &? D CO ^ &^ o i-H Eh o ft «2 C <1 Nl P=q H I— t 91 takes its name. The water of the spring is clear as crystal, somewhat sulphurous, and said to possess val- uable medicinal properties. The hotels are good, and a great luxury may be found in the baths supplied with water, constantly fresh, from the spring. Its tempera- ture, we are informed, is seventy-five degrees Fahren- heit. PICOLATA is only remarkable as the site of an ancient Spanish town and the original route between the river and St. Augustine. TOOOI. This is the river terminus of the St. Johns Railway, which extends to St. Augustine. (Distance 14 miles. Time, 45 minutes.) Otherwise, the place has little interest for anyone. PALATKA. (See Distance Table.) This thriving town is very finely located upon the west bank of the river. It extends on the river front about half a mile, and occupies quite an elevated site. It was a military post during the Indian war. The citi- zens of the place are chiefly engaged in the orange and other fruit culture and trade. The stores are well stocked with such goods as are suitable to the circum- stances of its people and the wants of visitors. Cu- riosities form a large portion of the winter business. There is one place in particular worthy more than ordinary mention— that of J. H. Fry, Taxidermist and Numismatist. Having examined his stock, we com- mend the place to all connoisseurs and persons of taste as holding within its walls the best preserved and finest selection of Florida birds in the world. Mr, Fry is a practical man, who commands one's confi- dence at sight. There is to be seen here a collection of very rare and valuable coins, probably unequalled in America, and an interesting lot of pre-historic articles belonging to the stone age. Were it not that we know 92 Id Oe^d ^Si^lbi3^J^3 ME(d 4IS/d( WHOLESALE AND RETAITi ST. AlTGrSTlNE, FLA. Choice Wines aiad L,iqfsors for Medicinal Use. %es, ami acms. ^-^PHYSICIANS' PRESCRIPTIONS ACCURATELY COMPOUNDED. 93 the place to be a trading depot, scenes in the British museum, or the grand gallery of the Louvre might for the moment seem equalled, and in some respects sur- passed in this unpretending shop. Indeed, if for no otherieason, this alone is enough to attract visitors to Palatka. For all other articles in the curiosity line, we decidedly prefer the houses in Jacksonville. The streets are wide and regular, and in fine weather, although "side-walks" are scarce, a pleasant ramble can always be indulged in. Beyond the Larkin House is a magnificent grove of tall and statelj^ oaks and odoriferous magnolias, from whose branches pend in long wavy tresses that Spanish moss so well known to Florida visitors, and so beautiful to the eye. This moss, in scientific language, Tillandsia usneoides, although by many supposed to live upon the sap of the tree and said to be destructive, is nevertheless non- parasitic, and a plant closely allied to the delicious pineapple. Directly in front of this grove is a well protected bay, (an elbow of the !St. Johns) where boating and fishing is always safe and pleasant. Back of the town, shout a mile, there is quite a high hill, nearly one hundred feet above the level of the river, from which a fine view presents itself. The Lake City, Gainesville, Ocala and Charlotte Harbor Railroad is under contract and now being built from this point. Opposite the town are several fine Orange Orchards, among them, that of Col. Hart. Tliey are worth visiting. Boats can always be procured to cross. Steamers for the Ocklawaha River continually run from here. Those of Captain Bouknight's line, the "Tuskawilla" and "Forester," make M-weekly and semi- weekly trips to Silver Springs and to Okahumkee, respectively. The following '■■ DISTANCES ON THE OCKLAWAHA RIVEE are kindly furnished by Captain Bouknight for this work, and should be preferred to those already given — 94 THE ONLY RELIABLE UNDERTAKER IN ST. AUGUSTINE. —WHO HAS— Tlae Celebrated EiaMii liffllic BiirM Catt, CONTAINING AN lIBilillie PBOCiSS WHICH IS SIMPLE, BUT COMPLETELY EFFECTUAL, WHEREBY THE BODY OF A DECEASED PERSON CAN BE PRESERVED IN A LIFE- LIKE MANNER. (Only for sale in this city at my rooms.) ALSO, ROSEWOOD, WALNUT & GLOSS WHITE BURIAL CASES AND CASKETS. ROBES, SHROUDS AND EMBLEMS, WITH EVERYTHING USUALLY KEPT in a FIRST-CLASS UN- DERTAKING ESTABLISHMENT. Bodies Kept on lee if Friends Desire it. ROOMS OPBN DAY AND NIGHT. LOCATED ON ST. GEORGE ST.. W« A. KEMNAK5 ST. AUGUSTINE, - FLORIDA. 95 FEOM PALATKA TO Miles. Sail ISlateo, on St. Johns River 5 Welaka, " " " 25 Ocklawaha River, (Mouth of) 26 Davenport, upon the Ocklawaha 34 Fort Brooke, " " 61 Orange Spring, " " 63 lola, " " 76 Forty Foot Bluff, " " 80 Eureka, " '• 94 Sunday Bluff, " " 96 Palmetto, " " 102 Gores, " " 108 Deurisosa, " " 114 Grahamville, '• " US Limpkin Bluff, " " 122 Silver Springs Run, " 127 Silver Spring, " l'!(> Lake Ware Landing " 151 Moss Bluff, upon the " lo4 Stark. " " 188 Orange Hope, " " 190 Slighville, " " 194 Leesburg, " '• 201 Lake Griffin P.O. '• " 209 Lovell's, " " 220 Fort Mason, " " 230 Pendryville, " " 233 Esperance, " " 255 Yalaha, " " 260 Helena, " " 273 Okahunikee, " " 275 Halt's line also runs from here up the Ocklawaha to Silver Springs, to Lakes Grifiin, Eustis and Astatula, and to Okaiiumkee, and there is a very cosy little steam yacht, the "Escort," making daily round trips between Crescent City and here, (about three hours' run either way.) This vessel is in excellent trim and de- serves patronage. Before we depart the place it may be well to say there are good hotels in it. The Larkin House is picturesquely built, fronting the water, and one of the finest hotels Florida boasts, while the old time steady St. Johns is still holding forth under the management of the brothers Petermann. Graham's Restaurant, on the corner of Lemon and Water streets, 96 ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. THIS spacious aud elegant Hotel having been enlarged to double its former ca- pacity, offers superior accommodations to the traveling public. It has a southerly front of 200 feet upon the Plaza or Public Square, and an easterly front of 160 feet upon the Bay, with wide piazzas and hanging balconies from each story overlooking the City Bay and Atlantic Ocean. The House has been entirely refitted and refurnished throughout ; the Dining Room Parlors, Billiard Room, Restaurant and many of the Sleeping Rooms, have been ele- gantly frescoed during the past summer. It is lighted with gas and provided with every modern improvement, including water conveniences, electric bells, etc. E. E. VAIL, PROPRIETOR. 97 furnishes every article in tlie market that nourisheth and pleaseth the inner man, according to the taste and order of eacli customar. The house is being enlarged, and will soon be an hotel on the European plan. The "Eastern Herald," the Arabian Nights of the Alligator, still holds forth under our friend G. W. Pratt. Visitors and lovers of the wonderful should patronize this lively little paper. Any one of our friend's Alligator stories is worth tenfold the annual subscription figures. Leaving Palatka, and passing the Post Office land- ings of San Mateo and Buffalo Bluff, we reach Welaka, which is situated opposite the entrance to the Ockla- waha, and is a fine and thriving settlement, with school, church and stores. There are some fine groves near it, one of wiiich belongs to Mrs. H. W. Beecher, and the oldest one belonging to Mr. Chas. B- Fen wick, (now purser of the "De Bary,) and Mr. C. Hale. Mr. Fenwick will furnish information. GEOBGETOWN stands at the north entrance to Lake George and oppo- site Drayton Island. (This island contains some 1,500 acres of good land, and is sometimes called Rembrandt.) This and the next landing are very neat places and strike the eye as if owned and cared for by persons of means, accustomed to comfort. is a very neat looking place, about five miles beyond the northern entrance of Lake George, and is consid- ered a good location for the culture of oranges. LAKE GEOEGE itself is a very pleasing expanse of about 12 miles long and some nine miles wide, its surface being almost covered with every sort of wild duck and other water game, while its depths are crowded by the finny tribe so thickly as to almost make fishing a labor. This 98 .t PALATKA, FLORIDA. Your attention is called to the accommodations and advantages afforded to Winter Boarders by the SITUATED ON T.HE ST. JOHNS RIVER, PALATKA, Z FLORIDA, SVliich Avill open about December loth, ISSO, for the re- ception of guests in pursuit of an equable climate, com- bined with the recreations of Fishing, Gunning, Coaling, &c. PersoiTS of delicate health, seeking the protection of a niild.and steady temperature, where the thermometer seldom falls below 60 degrees, will find>ur House 71ie Largest and Finest on the St, Johns River, It is South of Jacksonville and St. Augustine, and has room for 250 persons, and is arranged WITH ALL THE MODERN CONVENIENCES. L:^mnj^ & :4LLEK Proprietors, D. F. LARKIN, of Larkin House, ^Yatch Hill, R. L 99 sheet of water and surrounding banks form ti-uly one of the elysiums of the votaries of Nimrodand Walton. Five miles beyond Lake George is VOLUSIA, on the east bank of the river, the site of another old Spanish place, now obliterated. Over one hundred years ago, an Englishman named Rolles, obtained a Spanish grant of about 40, 000 acres at this point, which he called Charlottia. Rolles undertook to colonize the place, and among others, brought with him from Eng- laud a large number of abandoned women of the streets. All his efforts were fruitless and tlie colony suffering from want and sickness, broke up, Georgia"^ and Caro- lina sharing with Florida in the distribution of the people. ASTOE. This place has its name from Mr. William Astor, of iS'ew York and Jacksonville, who owns a large tract of land here, called the "Astor Grant." The wharf at this landing is substantial, with a good freight depot. It is the initial point of the St. Johns and Lake Eustis Railway, which runs hence to Fort JMason, on Lake Eustis, distance 26 miles, and there connects with steamer for Leesburg, on the Ocklawaha, 15 miles from Fort Mason. This road is narrow gnage, has good passenger accommodations, and the run is made daily in two hours, either way. It is a beneficence to the country, as it opens up the whole distance between the St. Johns and Ocklawaha rivers to a quick and easy market. A. J. Lane, Esq., of Macon, Ga., is Presi- dent, and T. J. Davis, of Fort Mason, Superintendent. HAWKINSVILLE might better be named Coquina, as it is the only place upon the St. Johns resting upon a coquina bed. As a burned child dreads tire, we will attempt not to account why or wherefore this is, so., but leave the geologist 100 JAS. H. FRY, Corner Front and Lemon Sts., PALATKA, FLA. Dealer in All Kinds of STRICTLY FLORIDA SKINS of EVERY SOET PREPARED TO ORDER. A Full Line of Feathers Including' Fans. Inspection Invited. 10 alone with his hobby. Perhaps J'vobinson Crusoe, GulUver, or Kip Van Winkle can enlighten the curious If these authorities are not handy, ask any ancient "cracker" at the landing ; he will surely explain all. But if you are wise, keep it sacred, hug it to your bosom closer than your mother-in-law ; it is intended for you alone. DE LAND. The new lauding is about 4i^ miles from the settle- ment, where, we understand, the people are very pros- perous, and consider their situation equal to the best on the St. Johns river. BLUE SPKING, two and a half miles from Orange City, (by hack or a-f oot-back. ) This spring is supplied from below with a free admixture of sulphur. It is about one-fourth of a mile from the river line, where the mingling of the waters can be plainly seen. Orange City is said to be a very thriving place with a fine surrounding coun- try. But the finest of all, and the one spot lovely, secure of advancement and filling up the most rapidly with wealth, energy and intelligence, is i^yA COPY OF THIS BOOK SENT TO AN f ADDKESS ON RECEIPT OF 25 CENTS TO COVER TIME and EX PENSE IN MAILING. Best Map of Florida extant, $1.25 poBt paid. JOHN L. EDWARDS, P. O. B. 786. JacksoDvilie, Fla 102 y^m. McL. »ANCY, H.Il.S. Graduate Class 1872, PHILADELPHIA DENTAL COLLEGE, lllfliE Office (up stairs) 17| WEST BAY STREET Between Ocean and Pine streets, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. PACKER OF INDIAN RIVER ORANGES a Specialty. Also, the Mandarin, Tangerine, Navel and otlie ■ finest fancy grades. This is the oldest house in the city and guarantees satisfaction. Remember the number, 22 Bay street, next to Post Office, Jacksonville, Fla. Packed and shipped to any part of the world. 103 8ANF0RD. (See Distance Table.) This town is delightfully situated upon high ground on the south side of Lake Monroe, running westward from Sanford Avenue about a mile and fronting on the lake. It is the gateway to the native home of the citrus family, the famous Orange County, and derives lis name from the owner of the "Sanford Grant," which covers an area of more than twenty-five square miles, being of the original Spanish grant to Thomas Atkinson, by whom it was sold to Moses E. Levy, through whose hands it became, by purchase, the pro- perty of General Finnegan, who again sold it to its present owner. General H. S. Sanford, late U. S. Min- ister to Belgium. The title has been approved by the United States Supreme Court. The streets of this promising, thriving town are laid out from east to west and from north to south: are wide, and about to be laid out with evergreen shade trees of the most luxuriant character common to Florida ; they have a thorough system of sewerage, and are well graded, with excellent drainage of twenty-five feet fall to the lake. A fine water- works is being construc- ted, which insures an endless supply of the purest quality from Island Lake, two and a half miles distant, whence the water will be drawn. The town has a money order post-office and also a telegraph office con- nected with San Mateo, Palatka, Tocoi, St, Augustine and Jacksonville, and thence throughout the globe. There is also a branch office of the Southern Express Company here, and about one mile from town a fine fair ground and trotting course, covering about twenty- five acres. "The South Florida Railroad," a well equipped narrow guage railway is now running from Sanford to Maitland, where there are two good hotels, and to Orlando, the county seat, (twenty-two miles southwest of Sanford,) where Mr. Bruce keeps the only comfortable place for visitors. This road has a t. Johns Hots!, Palatka, Florida. UNDER THE SAME MANAGEMENT SINCE 18To effort -^^ill Toe spared for tlie Oomfort a^nd -<^o- coi^rLz^aod-aution of oiar O-TJLests- Special Terms by the Week, Open all the year round PROPRIETORS, 105 projected extension to Charlotte Harbor, the comple- tion of which is assured by the demands of the inval- uable section of country that it will open up. In ad- dition, under the general incorporation act of the State, charters have been applied for to build two other liues from Sanfoid, one to the Indian River, and the other to Ocala, on the Ocklawaha. Their early construction is implicitly believed in. iSanford and its immediate neighborhood has become so popular a resort, owing to the salubrity of its climate, a fine hotellias been built and is now open under the management of Messrs. A. R. Hale & Son, of Watch Hill, R. I., who are evi- dently at home in the business. The ' 'Sanf ord House, " of which we are now speaking, has accommodations of a superior class for one hundred guests, and will shortly be enlarged. It has electric bells and bath- rooms. The ofRce, ladies' parlor, gents' reading room, dining rooms and hallways are lofty, airy, well lighted, day and night, and furnished aufait, and the table sup- plied beyond all ordinary expectations. An aroma of easy gentility pervades the w^holc establishment, con- straining one to shake off his brusque manner ere en- tering its doors. No genuine comfort, however, is in the least marred, and in all justice, it must be said, the house is decidedly the best in South Florida. Another first-class hotel is required here. No question exists as to the success of one, if erected and properly con- ducted. No competition could possibly ensue as there are hundreds of people, all the season, who would re- sort there if genteel quarters were at their command. The business houses in the town, at first glance, seem far beyond the needs of the place, but when it is un- derstood that Sanford has, in Orange county, the best back country on the St. Johns river, all is accounted for. Stafford & Ellis keep iiere a full line of Stoves, Hardware, Tinware, Tools, and Furniture. There are four large stores with a general assortment of goods, two others that keep Groce'-ics exclusively, and two Drag Stores. Hester's Billiard Room, and the City 106 — OF — OCKLAWAHA steamers Okahumkee, Osceola, Marion, Astatula. The boats of this line run regularly throughout the sea- son from JACKSONVILLE and from PALATKA to all points on the OCKLAWAHA KIVER. TsiTole auiid. .^^ooojociiociodLau- tions g-TO-aranteed. For Passage and rates of Freight, apply to H. L. HART, Palatka, Fla 107 Hotel, on the "European plan," with a good Livery Stable attached, kept by Geo. E. Sawyer. There is also a Carriage Factory, Carriage Repair Shop, Steam Saw and Planing Mill, Sash, Door and Blind Factory, Sign and Ornamental Paint Shop, Blacksmith Shop, and the shops of the South Florida Railroad, where the company build their own freight cars. There are many other branches of trade greatly needed in Sanford, and a warm welcome, with earnest encouragement on the part of its people, await those who may cast their lot with the progress of the place. It is a busy little hive, where none need want who care willing to work. The shadow of mendicancy is unknown, and the locality is fast filling up with an intelligent, energetic and wealthy class of people. The "South Florida Journal," published at Sanford every Thursday, is a valuable adjunct to the prosperity and intelligence of the people. Sites have recently been selected for a school house and three churches, Methodist, Episcopal and Presbyterian. When so much can be truly said of so young a place, its steady progress and future wealth stand undoubted. Lake Monroe is a magnificent sheet of water, with Sanford on its south side and Enter- prise on the north. It is well stocked with fish, and in the spring time, duck hunting is a source of both sport and profit. By going a mile or so outside of Sanford, with a good dog and a gun, if one knows how to use it, wild turkey, quail, small game in variety, and birds of beautiful plumage may be met with and great sport had. Land on the Sanford Grant is now offered for sale in lots to suit purchasers, at prices varying, according to the location and quality, from $1 upwards, per acre, on easy terms and long time to actual settlers. The property is, for the most part, an old Spanish Grant, confirmed under our treaty with Spain by the Supreme Court, and consequently has a perfect title. Nine years ago Orange county had but a population of 800 to 1,000 people, and its acreage of taxable land 108 1! FOE TIE OiLAWAl. THE NEW AND FINELY FURNISHED STEAMER CAPTAIN A. N. EDWARDS, Makes Tri- Weekly Trips between Palatk:a Sl Silver Spring, Leaving PrJ.atkaeverv ilOXD.VY. WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY, at 9 A. M., ref uniiivn v^ithout delay, and mak- ing the round trip in tliirty-six lioui's. THE STEAMER w^m.'mm^'mm. Leaves JACKSONVILLE every SATURDAY, atG P. M., lor OKAHUMKEE and all points on tiie Ocklawaha, returning to Palatka every THURSDAY mor Aing, and Jacksonville same evening. Apply at the general officeof the line in Palatka, or to any' Ticket Agent in Jacksonville. 109 but 75,736 acres, which was valued at $32,828, and the improvements on the same, in the shape of build- ings, orange groves, &c., were valued at $31,035 — wild land, unimproved, was valued at 4S^ cents per acre at that time. In 1878 the tax assessment of Orange county shows that the acreage of land has increased to 161,184 acres, which are valued, with the improve- ments, at the sum of $778,103. In this assessment, wild lands, or unimproved lands, are assessed at $1.25 per acre. The population has increased to over 8,000 people. These great changes denote the attractions offered by the charming climate and its generous soil, with its great capabilities for the production of the orange and lemon. This section is now universally recognized as the best in Florida for the cultivation of the orange and lemon, in view of exemption from injurious frosts, accessi- bility to market, and facilities for transportation. It is a notable fact that during the most severe cold the thermometer ranged 10 degrees higher than 100 miles further north on the St. Johns river. And the unusu- ally severe frost which occurred in December, 1380, did no damage to the fruit crop in Orange county. The soil best adapted to the orange is the high, roll- ing, somewhat sandy, pine land. (Some of the low land proves exceedingly productive.) Hon. H. S. Sanford, the proprietor of the Grant, has successfully planted 125 acres at "Belair," three miles back from the Lake, on lands of this character, in oranges and lemons (in all, some 50 varieties of the citrus family,) olives, almonds, pineapples, vines, guavas, and many other kinds of semi-tropical fruits and plants. This land is especially adapted to the cultivation of the fruits above mentioned, while the lower lands are more suitable for market gardening. There are some 100 groves on the Grant, aggregat- ing 70,000 trees, and among them one of the oldest groves in the State. It is nearly 45 yeais old, and from 750 trees yields, annually, from $4,000 to $6,500. 110 SANFORO, ORANOE COUNTY, FLA. THIS HOUSE IS ADVANTAGEOUSLY SITUATED UPON THE SOUTH SIDE OF IN THE MIDST OF THE MOST THRIVING TOWN IN FLORIDA, AND SURROUNDED BY THE iFinest Orang-e O-ro^res IN THE STATE. Every Facility for FISHING, BOATING and PLEAS- URE DRIVING Through the Groves. Tiiis House has all modern improvements and an un- stinted larder. ;';,. ^ :iO;.l I:--.'i:,. (^ l" l': ^ z A i" 1 11 15. A. R. HALE & SON, Proprietors. Ill The laud on the Lake is generally low, with pine, cypress and cabbage palm trees; it rises gradually as it recedes from the lake, into high, rolling land, of light, apparently Sandy soil, covered with yellow pine trees, interspersed with "black-jack" and occasional * 'hummock" of hard timber, which gives the richest known soil — the whole dotted with beautiful, deep, clear water lakes of living spring water. Muck is abundant, and very valuable for fertilizing purposes. The lands of the grant are especially desirable to those wishing to plant an orange or lemon grove, as it offers especial attractions in the facilities near at hand ; churches, schools, transportation, mail, express, tele- graph, stores, (fee. , all being within easy reach, and living expense, therefore, greatly reduced and comfort increased. Its location, on the south side of Lake Monroe, is very favorable for the growth of fruits, as it gives almose complete protection from frost. The condition of the Swedes Colony, established in 1871, by immigrants from Upsala, (brought out by Gen. Sanford,) affords the best possible evidence of the healthfulness of the Grant, and of what can be accomplished on its soil by a poor man who will work. Some of their lands, (now fine orange groves, ) given to them in 1871, in five acre lots to each head of a family, are now worth from $3,000 to $8,000, without the investment of a dollar on their part. The Grant, and a belt of country westerly, of 10 to 15 miles in width, to Lakes Eustis and Dora, is almost exclusively peopled from the Eastern, Northern and Western States, and contains some very fine groves and improvements, and a population remarkable for its taste and culture, and easy circumstances. Commenc- ing with Sylvan Lake settlement, adjoining the Grant, and the center of over 80 families, Sorrento, Alta- monte and Pendryville, all are from these sections ; and more southerly, Apopka City and region, Long- wood, Maitland, Orlando, the county seat, are all U2 <9 .^^ o 0^ • pj oo O o PJ u 113 thrlviug communities, with a large Northern element. Fort Reed is two miles south, Mellon ville one mile east, Enterprise four and a half miles across the Lake, north. Strawberries and green peas, in fact most vegetables, can be had the winter through. Sugar-cane is raised, and produces superior sugar and syrup. Florida is destined to be the sugar producing State of the Union, for the cane tassels here, grows until Christmas, and can be ground all winter. Upland rice does well. The long staple cotton of Orange county has a reputa- tion, and is equal to the best "Sea Island*" The peach, fig and vine thrive well. The Delaware grape thus far proves the best and most profitable. It can be placed in the Northern market early in June. The honey bee abounds. This soil needs more care and fertilizers than the rich, alluvial lands of the Northwest, but repays with continuous crops and more profitable returns. Besides the requirements for clothing, shelter and fuel in this climate, where windows and doors can be left open the winter through, are far less than in the regions of snow and ice, and the luxury of out-of-door life, breathing this pure, balmy, health-giving air, amply compensates for the draw-backs attending settlement in a compara- tively new country. Sanford is situated near the eastern extremity of the Grant, on Lake Monroe, and enjoys the sea-breeze, (trade winds in summer,) blowing from the ocean through 28 miles of intervening pine forests, and which, alternating with the Gulf breeze, insures a salubrious climate, and makes the summer season more temperate and agreeable than that of the Northern States. There are lots in the town of Sanford for sale, and special rates and advantages in terms will be given to persons introducing new trades and business enter- prises. Mr. James E. Ingraham, whom we found equal to every inquiry, and probably the best posted gentleman 114 ^■^ 3 H O O H Ph O P^ <1 e M 115 in relation to Sanford, the Sanford Grant, and Orange county, will give every information desired by parties intending to locate or purchase, upon application to him at Sanford, personally or by letter. We had the pleasure of a twelve mile ride through the grounds of the Grant with the genial Ingraham, which will not be readily effaced from our memory. It was on Monday, January 17th, 1881. Think of it ye people of the land of "Uncle Sam." The day was fine, with a clear sky and bright sun, and the ther- mometer about 78 degrees Fahrenheit. Don't be afraid of the summer weather, for the climate simply is no extreme cold in winter, and no extreme heat in summer. We drove through fine lands, over good sand roads, until we reached the groves, among which is the "Swedes Settlement," with its church and school, where the children are taught in our language and that of their fathers. During the drive, several very fine places were passed, until we reached the "Belair," a splendid grove and grounds, where General Sanford is continually experimenting with tropical fruits and plants, many of which are very interesting, and all may be seen by visitors. From the Belair we were driven to the "Twin Lakes," where a very agreeable and intelligent gentleman, named Taber, owns a beau- tiful place- We are not aware of the extent of his grounds, but learned from him that twelve acres around his home, which he has cleared and improved in the past eight years, is worth fifteen thousand dol- lars to him. His location is eminently beautiful, but is not for sale. All about Mr. Taber are good open- ings, and as capitalists are more and more buying up the lands in large tracts for speculation, those who intend to follow the orange, fruit and vegetable production line of business, had better secure themselves promptly. The orange groves and farms are not the only beautiful things met with, for the lakes, which are very numer- ous and occupy a large part of the country, are nearly 116 Mo. 3 l?Vest Bay Sreet, "JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. Dealer in tp 17 all well stocked with fish, aud have nne locations for homes along their banks. We are quite satisfied, from special inquiry and per- sonal observation, that nearly all the land in the coun- ty, except swamp, will produce fruits and vegetables in paying quantities. The orange, being a little choice as to the place of its propagation, excludes sapie por- tions of the land, j^et, at least two-thirds of the wfiole area of the county will, with proper care, give arij^and every of the finest grades of this delicious fruit. The orange of this section will commend itself to connois- seurs as superior in succulence and flavor to the Indian River article, and being a little tougher skinned, will bear more handling, give better security for shipment, and remain unimpaired much longer. Labor can be obtained throughout the county to clear, fence, plant and cultivate lands for orange groves and other purposes at very reasonable figures. ORANGE COUNTY. The description of this county given below is from the State pamphlet entitled "Semi-Tropical Florida; its Climate, Soil and Productions," and is quite trust- worthy — "Orange is bounded north and east by Volusia coun- ty, which is separated from it bj" the St. Jolms river ; south by Brevard and Polk, and west by Polk, Sum- ter and Marion, with an area of 2,800 square miles. The county is generally high, rolling pine land, inter- spersed with clear water lakes, bays and hammocks. The rolling pine lands are of good quality and heavily timbered — soil dark gray loam, with sand on the sur- face, based upon yellow sandy loam, with a substra- tum of clay and marl. Portions are flat pine woods of less value. Some of the prominent lakes are Mon- roe, Jesup, Harney, Eustis, Apopka, Dora, Maitland, BuHer, and Tohopekaliga . These lakes are from three to fifty square miles in extent. There are innumerable 118 STAFFORO & EI.LIS^ SANFORD, FLA., DEALERS IN Irosij Steely Pumps^ Pipe and Fittiii^®^ BOLTS, NUTS, Pa3PES, CARPENTERS' TOOLS, &c MtiiMers^ Mard^^vare^ MILL, STEAMBOAT AND WAGON BUILDERS' SUPPLIES, TIN ROOFING, JOBBING AND REPAIRING A Specialty. ORDERS PROMPTLY FILLED. Any Article not in stock furnished witli prompt attention. 119 smaller lakes, with areas of from ten to a tliousaad acres. The shores are generally abrupt, rising in some cases to seventy feet above the water. Fish and game abound. Stock growing has been the predominent in- dustry until later years, with cotton, corn, and cane, but now fruit culture is absorbing general attention, and the orange, lemon, lime, citron, guava, pineapple, and banana, and every variety of southern fruit, are extensively cultivated. No county in the State has increased in population and improvement so rapidly during the last ten years as Orange, and large acces- sions from the Northern and Western States, of re- fined, cultivated and wealthy citizens, are constantly being made. A i-ailroad from Lake Monroe, the head of the larger class of steamboat navigation, to Orlan- do, the county seat, has been constructed, with a view to an ultimate extension south through the county, and to Tampa and Charlotte Harbor. The St. Johns and Lake Eustis Railway from Astor, on the St. Johns, to Fort Mason, on Lake Eustis, has also been completed, an extension of whicli to Leesburg will probably be made. The industiy, energj^ and progressive spirit manifested in this county is of the character manifest- ed in the North and IScrtliwest, and cannot fail of ultimate success." A run of four and a half miles across the lake ena- bles one to reach Enterprise, where tlicre is a good hotel, the "Brock House," near which is a fine sulphur spring. Enterprise is the county seat of Volusia, which extends south to 28 deg. 15 min. north latitude, bounded west by the St. Johns river, and thence spread- ing eastward to the Atlantic, embraces the Indian River to Merritt's Island. THE INDIAN RIVER -can be best reached by steamer from Sanford to Salt Lake, (about 50 miles) crossing over to Titusville, six miles by wooden tramwav. This is the best general 120 EVEKY FAMILY SHOULD HEAD THE Hifiii PUBLISHED WEEKLY IJY W"AY & OSBORN, EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS, ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA. TERMS— Out} Year, ^2.00. Six Months, S^l^O— Invariably in Advance. Its Large and Rapidly Increasing Circulation makesf it the Most De&irable Advertising Medium in all South Florida. SANFORD, FLA. Billiard HALL and BAM. ("AROM AND POOL TABLES, By the Celebrated Makers, CoUendei-, of New York^ and Balke, "Wisies^ I^iquors, Ales, Ci- der and Cigars. Patronage Solicited. Good Order Insured, l^i i'oute. Thei'e ate numerous orange groves along the line of this river, one of which, the Dummitt Grove, a little north of Titusville, is among the finest and oldest in South Florida. This grove has just been purchased by an Italian gentleman, vv^ho, we are informed, in- tends to work it in future with people from Italy, who are to the manor born in fruit culture. Much benefit it is hoped will accrue to the State by the introduction of this class of laborers and gardeners. The only good orange growing ground lies on the immediate west bank of the river. It extends from Titusville to about north latitude 28 deg., but is non-continuous. The river is from one to five miles wide, about four feet deep, and south of Indian River Inlet is of fresh water. Its beach is sandy. Fish, turtle, deer, turkey' and small game are quite plentiful I)elow the narrows, a great drawback, to all of which is the myriad mos-- quito. THE OCKLAWARA RIVER. This river enters the St, Johns opposite Welaka, (25 miles south of Palatka, ) and will give as thorough satisfaction to the invalid or tourist for the money and time expended, as any trip we know of in the State. There are steamers running up the river almost every day from Palatka, belonging to Bouknight's line and Hart's line. They are specially built for the Ocklawa- ha trade, are necessarily cramped and inelegant, yet the most fastidious will surely enjoy the excursion. The mouth of this river is extremely narrow and bare- ly admits the steamer to pass, and there is much diffi- cult}^ in steering clear of the butts along its banks. The principal aim of this trip is to obtain a sight of the wonderful Silver Spring. The profusion of flow- ers, birds, alligators and other things, strange and in- teresting to naturalists and lovers of the beautiful, so charm the attention that one cannot leave the deck but to satisfy the demands of the inner man. Iiiaproniptti. (Elicited by a remark made by Mr. Gladstone in the British P>n-liament, during a debate upon the acquisl' lion of tlie Isle of Cyprus.) CYPRUS ISLEa Beautibus Cyi^rUs, thon'rt called a silly (8cilly) isle ^y one out of nowen Mark liis ghastly smile While 'tempting such a witticism ? 'Twas a felon jok6, No patriot's head, no patriot's heart e'er nurtured such a stroke. ■'Tv/as envy's shaft, bj^ envy's hand, aimed at brave old "Diz" By one, to shape liis own ends, would Old England let go fizz Xjy) like a rocket away in the air, dismembered, scattered everywhere; Or prove at tlie feet of the Russian Bear AVould lier flag liave laid, liad lie been there. Tlien- strike his name from the roll of fame His lands give to the^poor; His walls tear down e'en to the ground, And write this on his door- Here once there lived a man so base, Would have sold himselt and all his I'ace Por a whimsical use of power. But Old England's time's not come as yet, And her sons need neither fear nor fret While Disraeli holds an hour. So let English honor and English pride Place brave old "Dizzie" side by side With the noblest in the land, Kor ask not now what may betide, If the power be held by the opposite side, With the smiler in command. All honors conferred has Disraeli deserved— So long be his years and his health be preserved To enjoy the repose of a life well spent In the service of God and the daughter of Kent. .T» L. E, I2:i THE MOCKING BIRD is of all the feathery tribe, perhaps, the least preten- tious in garb. It is insectiverous, yet will live for many years upon "Mocking Bird Food," eggs, pota- toes, almost anything, if cleanliness be seemed. The head of this more than Kosignol is broad and intelli- gent, the eye bespeaks a self-conscious character, the throat being incomparably musical. This bird is ex- ceedingly game, and wliile quite common in Florida, a really good one, thoroughly domesticated, is a rarity and worth a great deal of money as a fancy article. Protection from cold, plenty of fresh air, sunlight, clean bathing water daily and ample cage room are essential to its plumage and existence. Any person who is willing to assume such cares, and happens to procure a first-class bird of this species, will never regret the trouble or expense incurred. HINTS. A trip along the St. Johns River incident to the col- lection of data for this work, suggests tlie propriety of cautioning the uninitiated against some of the deceits practised upon unwary persons. Jacksonville has re- cently evinced an intolerance of the little game of bunko, and driven the confidence men and other sharpers from her midst. The bunko man, however, clings to Florida as does an invalid to whom it is the only hope in life, his hope differing only in the char- acter of recuperation best suited to his case, that of his purse. The writer found a quartette nest of bunko- birds in St. Augustine, recently driven from Jackson- ville, and doubtless they will remain and scour the St. Johns' towns during the season. It is best to make no hurried acquaintances, (even introductions are dan- gerous.) Have no dealings with men or women who present themselves for recognition on the ground of a knowledge of persons who are relativtis, friends or 124 IJeBAllY MEECHAffi LIE Of STEiMS Carrying the U. S. Mail. 'I^s^ THE STEAMERS FEED. DeBAEY, Captain W. A. Slunv. KOSA, CaDtain Jo. Smith. GEO. M. BIRD, Captain J. L. Amazeen. Will leave Jacksonville alternately, daily, at 4 p. m. from foot of Laura Street for San ford and all interme- diate landings, making close connections with the St Johns and Lake PJustis Railroad at Astor, also with the South Elorida Railroad at Sanford— narrow-guage steam road to Maitland, Orlando, etc. STEAMER FLORENCE, Capl. C. H. Brock, Leaves Palatka ever3' Monday, Wednesday and Fri- day at 8 a. m., for Sanford, i^lnterprise and Way Land- ings, flUNNiNG THROUGH BY DAY and returning to Palatka every Tuesday, Tliursday and Saturday. GEO. R. FOSTER & CO., Agents, W. B. WATSON, Manager. T. S. WALSH, Ticket Agent. !2:^ acquaintances, or who claim to be connected with respectable persons or tiriiis in distant parts of tlie country, and particu'ary to avoid all young or old w : have drawn a lottery prize, and simply vvish ymv coinpany to the otRce (?) where settleii-.ents are ::.ade. Ren!eiiil)er, occu.-iucy of quarters at ..rst . r any other class hotels, is no assurance of respectability: a!id as to dress, id exterior, though nev.r so ado:ne(i nor be-jeweled, can be trusted, for the bunko-nian and l)is confederates have niauy > hanges of clothing an<1 '.rin- kets, ^-hich they doff a..d don as oi'ten as the Chame- leon, and finality, if unfortunately inveigled by an , of them, brace up your manhood and refuse to invest in any game, no matter what its appeara .ce may be, for it is all bunko, which absolutely defined, means .-pen, barefaced robbery. ^ • On the upper St. Jchns, th ri . er narrows very much, except the .ake porti( n.-^. As a result, birds of ever} feather were wont to please the stranger eye witii their beaut}^, but the continual w.ait -n destruction of the beautiful creatures is either thinning their numbers or driving them sla' ~Y from the river. It is an into.era- lile nuisance, and is obbing our beautiful St. Johns of one of its principal attractions. The me of tire-arms as a diversion from the decks of passenger steamers ,'s very reprehensible as endangering the lives and limbs of better disposed persons, nd those Vviio have been educated in the belief that the amenities of li e entitle one to respect even v,dieretheiaw seems weak to rea.'ii those who disregard the connnon weal. It is a perni- cious practice, and clearly evidences a morbid disposi- tion to cruelty and a lack of manly cultuie whose place is supplied by a \ idiotic display of marksmanship. If men of mature yea s will insist upon foil wing this bad practice let them leave their pretences of respec- tability at hor^'C, and each one badge himself for the tdp — lam, as any one may see, an idiot or a rough. This will be sutficient excuse and good license, and good people wi 1 keep out of the way until a law can 126 m m^w ir o — AND — TOUCHING AT QUEENSTOWN. AND BETWEEN New York and London DIRECT. The fleet is composed of the following first-class, com- partment built Iron Steamships— EGYPT, 5,089 tons. SPAIN, 4,871. ENGLAND, 4,900. HELVETIA, 4,588. ERIN, 4,577. THE QUEEN, 4,471. ITALY, 4,341. GREECE, 4,310. CANADA, 4,276. HOL- LAND, 3,847. DENMARK, 3,724, and FRANCE, 3,676. These Steamships are unsurpassed by any line in the world. Their Saloons are elegant and the Cuisine of the very highest order. For rates of fare and all special information, apply personally or by letter to F. W. J. EURST, General Manager, 69 and 73 Broadway, New York. Or to JOHN L. EDWARDS, Agent for Florida. Jacksonville, Fla. P. O. Box 786. 127 be framed to meet the wickedness. The true sports- man never recklessly destroys that which he knows he' cannot obtain possession of, or that which, when ob- tained, is valueless for either food or ornament. Another matter causing much dissatisfaction among our visitors, is the poor accommodations and ir.ean living furnished by many of the river boats. And to the visitors themselves, this trouble is in some degree chargeable. I:i seeking and urging cheap rates, one is but playing into the hands of the unscrupulous, who are as prompt in the boat business as in &ny other line to grasp the advantage. We have ever believed that that which is cheap is invariably nasty, and we are sure that in the case under consideration, the rule holds good. Be advised, if you will, by one who knows whereof he speaks. Purchase no ticket with- out first seeing what sort of a thing you are to travel on, and be ever suspicious of a low rate affair. Re- collect competition on the St. Johns is not of the nature of the olden time Drew vs. Vanderbilt steamboat war upon the Hudson. There it was who could give the best accommodations, make the fastest time, and afford the greatest security for the least amount of money — while here, it simply means poor boats, mis- erably furnished, cheap labor and cheaper food If these hints be not sufficient, a single trip on any of the cheap boats is a sure cure. Perhaps the steamboat men may draw some inference from these remarks, remembering that out, of the mouths of babes wisdom may sometimes come, and promptly go to work, weed out the stewards who fatten the officers and starve the passengers, have their cabins and rooms thoroughly cleansed and kept so, furnish good bed and bidding, put at least one clean towel daily for each person in every room, and try to keep a uniform set of either chairs or stools — not mixed — for passenger use. It is much easier to pass the inspection of our friend Head- man than that of a passenger who lives well at home, and patronizes the "St. James" at Jacksonville, and 128 A. B. CAMPBELL'S 15 E. Say St., Jacksoii^^ille. PIANO- , I170 and up. ORGANS, $38 and up. Best Makers. Lowest Prices. EasieRt ?erms. Everything in tlie Music "iue, f om a Jewsharp to a (irand P ano. Send for catalogue and prices.* Fine JOB PRINTING at CAMPBELL'S 129 ;'u8t that class of houses clear down to the "Sanford House," on Lake Monroe. Such an one can afford to pay for lie best accommodations and is only disap- pointed wiien obliged to accept something cheap, (?) and to this class of people we look for that which alone can correct the evil, the brand of public judgment borne in the denial of public patronage. THE POPULATION OF FLORIDA, According to t!ie "United States Census," published at Washington, D. C, in 1872, was- In iSaO, MS a Territory. T:i 1840, as a Territory, 1/1850, as n State. ^ - In I8G0 aa « Stat-. In 1870, as a State, The ofUcial report for 1880 is as follows — Department of the Interior, Censt:s Office, Washington, D. C, January 6, 1881. T)i(^ following statement exhibits the results of the first count of population a cording to the schedules re- tuned to the census office by the enumerators of the several districts concerned. The statement of the population in relation to any tov.-nship, town, city or county is still subject to possi- ble corrections by rea?on of the discovery of omissions or duplications of names in the lists of inhabitants r.;- turued. Increase by Decades. 34.730 54,477 19,747 87,445 32,963 140,424 52,979 187,748 47,328 i30 PROFESSIONAL CARDS, C. L. KOBIlSrSON, (Office Robinson's Block, Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla.) ATTORNEY AT LAW^, U. S. Shipping Commissioner, Commissioner of the U. S. Circui*; Com*t, and Notary Public. HORATIO JENKINS, Jr., ATTORNEY AT LAW, P. O. Building, (up stairs,) Jacksonville, Fla. HORATTO BISBEE, Jr., ATTORNEY AT LAW, P. O. Building, (up stairs,) Jacksonville, Fla. PHYSICIANS. C. J. KEN WORTHY, M. D., Residence S. E. corner Market and Duval Streets. JOHN N. NILES, M. D., Office and Residence 79 West Bay Street, Up Stairs. H. HUAU-CADORETTE, M. D., Residence 38 West State Street. 131 COTJUTIES. Total. White. i ! Colored. 16 462 2 303 6 112 1 478 1 579 2 838 9 589 194 17 344 12 157 1 791 12 169 6 790 4 248 5 814 2 170 14 372 16 065 2 440 19 660 5 767 1 362 14 798 3 655 13 046 10 867 6 635 6 618 3 153 5 476 4 535 6645 4 686 7 162 2 379 3 294 2 723 4 201 4 089 6 444 1 660 4 822 1 381 1 183 2 265 4 820 190 7 689 6 852 1 199 4 112 4 472 3 319 4 ms 2 043 5 632 3 397 2 267 2 817 3 732 814 5 608 3 517 4 741 7 659 3 075 5 595 3 033 3 257 3 170 4 772 3 501 4 022 2 114 2 756 1 563 3 682 3 171 j 10 018 Baker 643 Bx'adlord. 1 1 290 1 97 Calhoun 396 Clay 573 4 769 Dade 4 Duval 9 655 5 305 Franklin 592 8 057 Hamilton 2 318 Hei'nando 929 911 Holmes 127 Jackson 8 740 12 668 LaFayette 173 Leon 16 843 Levy 2 035 Liberty 548 9 190 Manatee 138 Marion 8 305 3 208 Nassau 3 560 Grange 1 023 poik„ : 120 Putnam St. Johns 2 219 1 365 Santa Rosa 1 873 Sumter 1 185 Suwannee 3 140 Taylor 165 Volusia 538 Wakulla 1 160 Walton Washington 519 918 The State 266 566 141 249 125 317 These figures, for 1880, comprise 18 Chinese and 37 Indians and half-breeds, but are exclusive of the Sem- inoles, who inhabit the Everglades and v^hose numbers are unknown. 132 MRS. E. A. DOUGLAS, 29 E. Bay St., (near tlie Post-Ofliee,) JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. Florida Curiosities! AXD- Mm An Sceiw On Canvas, Panels, Shells, Sic, in Oil or Water Colors, STEREOSCOPIC FLORIDA VIEWS. CillS m ilili f IE lATIYE WOQDS Carved and Plain and of special designs to order. SEA BEANS, ALLIGATOR TEETH AND SHELLS mounted as Sleeve Buttons, Necklaces, Sets, &c., &c. Rice Sliell and Fisli Scale Every variety of Florida Shells, plain and decorated. Native Grasses, Palmetto Work, Birds and Live Alligators. LESSONS GIVEN IN ©saw tog ai®C.^alMtois^ i:v^ FOLITICAL, Florida was ceded to the United States in 181 9, but complications afterwards arose which prevented the transfer taking place until 1831. On the 10th of July, of that year, it became a territory, and so remained until 1845, when, on the 3d of March, it was ad.i itted to the Union as a State. It is now represented in Con- gress by two Senators and two Representatives. The State Government consists of a Gove nor and Lieutenant Governor, elected by the people quadren- nially. (The Cabinet 'Oliicers Lre appointed b}' the Governor.) The present nicumbents are, 1881 to 1885 : Governor — William D. Bloxham. Lieut. -Governor— L. W. Bethel. Secretary of State — John L. Crawford. (Comptroller— W. D. Barnes. Attorney General— Geo. P. Raney. Commissioner of Lands and Inmiioration — H. A. Corley. Treasurer — Henry A. L'Engle. Adjutant-General — J. E. Yonge. There is a Legislature, Senate and Assembly elected by the people of the thirty-nine counties quadrennially and biennially respectively. A Supreme Court, con- sisting of three members— Chief Justice E. M. Ran- dall, Associate Justices R. B. VanValkenberg and J. D. Westcott. There are seven Judicial Districts, wherein the Circuit Courts hold semi-annually. In each county is a Judge of Probate, besides, .'jppointed by the Governor, and subject to removal for reasons sufficient unto him. In each county, are a Sheriff, County C^lork, Treasurer, Assessor, Collector, Justices of the Peace, who are ex-officio Coroners, and Notaries Public. Constables are elected every two years. All vacancies are filled by the Governor. CLIMATIC. The following is taken from the "Climatology of 134 11 EJast 13ay iSti'e'et:, Dealers in DBDGS, CHEMICALS HEMCfflES, FANCY AND TOILET ARTICLES, SPONGES, BKITSHES, PFRFlTMERf, etc., &C. Phj^sicians' Prescriptions carefully compounded, and orders answered with care and dispatch. Farmers and physicians from the country v/ill find 6ur stoci: of Medicines complete, warranted genuine, and of the best quality. X. MURPHY'S MACHINE SHOPS, EAST BAY, Netir tlie SHIP YAED, JACKSONVILLE, FLA., IRON and BRASS FQund§r mnd Machinist. Agent for Ames' Portable and Stationery Engines. ENGINES, SAW MILLS, PUMPS AND MACHINE- RY in General Repaired at Short Notice. 4®=^rASTINGS of any Pattern substantially made. 135 Florida," byC. J. Kenworthy, M. D. , of Jacksonville, Pi a., an inconiparablj'- unprejudiced work of thorough treatment of the subject, and one that will well repay patient or physician for its careful study. Dr. Ken- worthy says — "In the language of Dr. Lente, of New York, I make the attempt to enlighten the public, more espe- cially the medical public, on the subject of the climate of Florida, its adaptability as a health resort, and es- pecially to remove certain unfounded ideas and preju- dices which have been wide spread and deeply rooted in Northern communities. It is somewhat surprising that this should be the case with medical men, since positive information on the subject has all alwaj^sbeen accessible to them in the volumes of the Medical Sta- tistics of the United States Army, the Army Medical Reports, and the Reports of the Adjutant-General's Office." Dr. Kenworthy, in support of this statement, testifies from his personal knowledge, gained by residence in the State and careful study, says— Dr. Denison re- marks — "Of American climates of low elevation, we have the resorts of moist and sedative Florida," and thinks it should have been written "Portions of Florida possess a dry and bracing climate, while some locali- ties are more moist and sedative." Dr. Napheys says— "Lower dry climates— Cannes, Mentone, Minnesota, Northern Georgia." "Lower damp climates — Plorida, moist, changeable," Dr. Kenworthy meets this very neatl5^ De snjs — "But the facts in the case, if reliable observations are to be accepted, are the opposite of what Dr. Napheys has asserted," and supports his views with a tabulated statement made from the records of the places already named, together with Jacksonville and other Florida points. He says— "The mean relative humidity of the localities referred to, for the cold months, is as fol- lows— (Page 2.) 180 '|(i f lipiii . Iji] IS THE ONLY PUBLISE ED IN THE STATE. It gives full Associated Press DISPATCHES, pays espe- cial attention to State News, and makes the material de- velopment of the State one of its leading aims. It is first-class in every respect. IS A LAR(3^E EIGHT PAGE PAPER, Contains a well edited AGRICULTURAL DEPART- MENT, has a large and increasing cii'culation, and is an invahiable Advertising Medium to those who wish to reach the Farmers and Fruit and Vegetable Growers of Florida. Daily, per year UO 00 " " 3 months 2 50. " monthly 1 00 Weekly, per year $2 00 " " six months 1 CO " " 3 months : 50 Remit by P. O. Order, Draft, or Registered Letter. Make all orders payable to H. B. McCALLUM, 187 -i 1 1 >. u 5 > o 2 •^ 1 ® li c« ' M ■ c ^ Ph - 1^ 1 £ ^ o 1-5 pr ct.| 1875. 75.7 i 07.2 07.7 68 2 72.2 1 71.9 76.2 1 71.5 69.0 69.1 07.6 67.7 70.3 67.2 69.3 68 7 76.0 1 ^ 71.5 1876 76.1 1877 74.1 1878. 72.4 i 74.5 1879. 74.1 1 72-8 65.3 09.7 1 72.3 1 74.2 Mea a for 5 yc ars 1 73.2 70.3 _67J_ 69.0 73.0 74.2 M'n for 5 y 'rs for St's 1 70.4 72.1 Dr. Ken worthy says — "Difference of opinion exists in the profession regarding the effects of climate in the treatment cf pulmonary and other diseases. It has been remarked that Doctors differ, and I am appre- hensive that the opposition manifested by some mem- 1:^8 POVERTY AND LOVF. \Vhat misfortune ! what a curse ! To be rich in heart j^et poor in purse; The tongue, the eye, may tell the tale, And all the heart's deep love unveil ; Yet, gold may all thy love outshine Ana tear from tliee what once was thine, "(Jause fashion says, on costly wine And rarest viands one should dine. Oh ! w'hat a heart must that one be That's 'twixt the navel and the knee. Rather would I be a toad And with a dungeon^g vapor load My stomach, than that man sliould have A corner in the thing I love. Impromptu of an actual occurrence on Bay street, hear Hogan, in 1877, witnessed by the writer. BULLDOZING IN JACKSONVILLP:, FLA. "Twas a morning in March, the hour was ten, And the streets were filled with the bravest men, When a baby quail appeared in sight, And tilled these braves with a terrible fright; While the cry rang out throughout the town. That the baby quail must be brought down From the top of the awning, whereon he stood Complacentl.y viewing theliuman brood Of Avhites and blacks, who seemed transfixed W^ith wonder or fear, or both these mixed. At length there came one sufficiently bold, Who, seeing a brickbat, of it took hold, And taking good aim, tvith eyes both closed, Let fly at the baby quail bulldozed. (The law's strong arm though present there In coat of brass and buttons blue, To save the bird's life did not dare Its batton to dra^v on the motley crew.) The quail, aflTrighted, looked about. Some friendly asylum to find out; But looked in vain, till the azure he spied. When quick as thovight to the sky he hied ; While the motley crew all stood aghast. That the baby quail escaped at last. J. L. E, 139 bers of the profession regarding the climatic advan- tages of Florida, is the sequence of ignorance, or the desire to laud a given section or locality for their per- sonal advantage." ^ "When invalids leave their Homes in a Northern or Western State and visit a Southern clime, tJiey expect to find perpetual spring, a climate made to order, 'a wonderful paradise, and cry out like naughty children when their delusion is exploded.' But a model climate does not exist, and no country is perfect in this respect." No tinsel about this method of argument. Nothing but the soundest sort of logic. "Dr. Brinton, of Philadelphia, has aptly, yet blunt- ly, presented this subject, and we shall quote his lan- guage" — • And here I must say, with all due defer- ence to the faculty, that the ignorance and carelessness of physicians in reference to this matter, are, at most, reprehensible. Few of them make any distinction in cases. They send all consumptives to Minnesota, or to Texas, or to Cuba, or to Florida, as if in every instance what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. Thus it happens that the most eligible cli- mates gain a bad reputation. When a medical man recommends a climate, and j'^et is unable to tell its temperature, its moisture, its prevailing winds, its sea- sons, its local diseases, its articles of food, its accom- modations for travelers — beware of him — he is a dan- gerous counsellor. These facts the physician must know to advise wisely.' " I, perchance, may be permitted to say a few words here. The accommodations in Jacksonville, Fernan- dina, St. Augustine, Palatka, Sanford, and many minor points on the St. Johns River, present every de- sirable thing for the comfort and cure of the invalid. From personal experience, I feel justified in saying, the hotel tables— that is the better class— are furnished from the markets of the North, and are, by adding the luxuries of the State, unqualifiedly epicurean. Tlie [40 patient who is suffering from a throat or lung disease, must assuredly be benefitted by a winter life in Flori- da, and if he makes his home here permanently, can soon tlM^ow phj^sic to the dogs, put on a new man, and enter upon a fresh lease of life, provided he properly cares for his health and avoids extremes and unreasonable exposures. Many who have suffered from consumption in the North and were reduced t :- shadoAvs, are now here, robust, healthy, attending to business and enjoying life, all of which is undoubtedly due to the curative climate of Florida. I am oldiged to admit Florida is the bridge that carried me over for many years past. A visit to London, England, in the winter of 1879, owing to the great climatic dilference between that locality and Florida, brought me a heavy cold, almost continual coughing, rheumatism and other troubles. I was reduced to a skeleton, from 120 to 78 pounds, but have returned to the sunny clime and am recuperating as rapidly as the most sanguine might reasonably expect, and most sincerely regret that I cannot, in this little book, give the reader more from Dr. Keuworthy's work, except a few of the tabulated statistics. The work, however, I am informed, will soon be published and offered to the medical world and the general public at a nominal figure. It is undoubt- edl}^ ver}^ exhaustive, very creditable to the author, and should be read of everyone interested in the science of climatology. Physicians or others having personal vanities or interests to serve, and who are willing to use their knowledge and influence to the suppression of truth and the building up of fallacy, may find difficulty in making their opposition to Dr. Kenworthy agree with the following tables — In the United States irmy Reports of cases of phthisis for twenty years, 1840 to 1859, inclusive, is found, in New York harbor 5.6 per cent, while St. Augustine showed but 2.7 per cent for the same period. "As the thermometric ranee is a matter of great im- 141 portance in the causation and treatment of disease, more especially pulmonary affections, we will give the ranges for the cold months at a few points recommend- ed as winter resorts." > o 1-5 X3 -in*? Atlantic City, N. J,. Augusta, Ga \ 4 Minnesota, 3 Stations 4 Florida, 3 Stations I 4 Colorado, 2 Stations \A^2 Los Anaelos. Cal I I 4 I 45 48 1 48 51 57 48 I 50 58 I 5S 46 1 47 49 35 33 35 72 I 58 i 66 So 30 ' 35 The comparative numher of rainy days duiing the five cold months, in Mentoue, St. Paul and Jackson- ville, shows very favorably for the latter. Jacksonville, November to March, inclusive, 37.4 days for £ve years. Mentone, 37.48 days for eight years, and St. Paul, 42 days for one year. Dr. Jones states that "Florida, which has been so much vaunted as a sanitarium for invalids, sh yws a greater ratio of mortality to-day tha \ IMinnesota." To this, Dr. Ken worthy replies — "At the time this statement was written, figures were not available upon which to base such an opinion," and gives the following table for Florida. Mortality per 1,000 from all causes, 9.2. Mortality per 1,000 from consumption, including non-residents, 0.60. Mortality per 1,000 from consumption, exclud- ing visitors who came to the State in the last and in- curable stage of this disease, 0.44. Mortahty per 1,000 from all pulmonary diseases other than consumption, 0.50. There was one death from consumpticu, includ- ing visitors, to 15-2 from all causes. There was one death from consumption among residents to 18.2 from all causes. (See page 78 Climatology of Florida.) The following soliloquy suggested itself to me £fter reading the book — U2 Dr. H. R. Stout, Homeopathic Physician, Eesidence and Office, 41 Pine St., JACKSONVILLE, FLA. Office Hours — 11 a. m. to 12 m. 2 to 4 and 7 to 8 p. m, JOSE A, HUAU, Manufacturer of GREEN STREET, KKY W^EST, FLORIDA. p. O. BOX 64. Tlie Sanford Orant, BELOW the LINE of INJURIOUS FROSTS Lands for Orange, Lenion, Lime and Pineapple culture; for Truck Gardening for Northern Markets; for Villa Sites on high-banked spring lakes; for sale to ACTUAL SETTLERS on long time and at reasonable prices. The Swedes undertake to plant and care for Orange proves for Northern owners. Improved property, orange groves, &c,, can be pur- chased on the Grant, including Groves just coming into bearing in the Swedes' Colony. TOWN LOTS IN SANFORD FOR SALE. Great inducements offered to manufacturing enter- prises in this rapidly growing town. Lots donated to them. Apply to JAMES E. INGRAHAM, Agt., Sanford, Orange County, Fla. 143 Poor Doctor Jones ! Dr. Kenworthy will grind up your bones; Your bones of contention, assertion, sans proof; Or else he'll grind those of your cranial roof. So, "while there is life, there is hope," take advice ; Retract such foul naughtiness, say something nice. Give Florida j«si what you know is her due, And truth-loving folks will the more value you. J. L. E. I cannot leave this subject without again earnestly- recommending a careful perusal of the Climatology of Florida, and an honest judgment between the doctors. METEOROLOGICAL RECORD FOR 1880. Furnished to John L. Edwards, of Jacksonville, Fla., for Edwards' Guide to East Florida, by authority of Brig. Gen. W. B. Hazen, Chief Signal Officer U. S. A., at Washington, D. C, through kindness of J. W. Smith, Esq., Observer of Signal Office at Jacksonville, Thermometeri j^ >» Wind. t. Rain- Inches, y Days, iVIonths. i 11 1^ /3 w ^ <-< P U C3 o .« o :_; o 2 C "^ '^ X "? ' S-^i^ > o X o a > --^ .:: 1 o © s. .S ScuCk ? ^3 C3 m a ::^\ o § § ;g \^> 'c: p^s> < <2' 3 January 62.11 77 451 77,1 NE 21 4374 3.171 8 February. ... 61,3; 81 42 69,4 NE 32 4568 6.17| 11 March 68.3| 86 43! 63.7 8W 29 5678 1.69' 3 April 7L9 91 42 6:5,0 svv 24 45(J5 1.501 5 May .,.., 78,9 95 58 71.1 NE 24 4314 6.24 10 June .,. 8i.O 100.5 m 66,9 SW .36 5704 3.00 3 July..., 82.6 1 97 70! 67,5 SW 28 3630 5.94 8 August 81,2' 96.5 701 71.8 ' ST^ 32 4,S90 8.961 (J .September,.. 76,9 91 62 73,0 NE 24 4106 5.21 10 October 69.01 86 46! 73.2 NE 36 5256 16.25 13 -November... 61.5 82 39 j 77.7 N 30 4734 6,09; 20 December,... 54,8 78 19' 64.0 W 32 5514 1.29 lU 144 From the Annual Report of the Surveyor Greneral of Florida. Amount of Timber cut and exported from the State during the past fiscal year. Ports. Coastwise, Foreign, Pensacola 2t),988,000 • 192,456,881 Jacksonville 42,335,883' 4,444,3o(> Fernandina 2,5,711,000 8,902,000 Apalachicola , 4,715,000 '186,000 Cedar Keys and ether ports, estimated.. 15,000,000 1J.7,749;885 206,379,234 117,749,885' Total coastwise and foreign 324,129,119' LeROY D. ball, Surveyor General. The other exports are chiefly oranges, lemons straw- berries, vegetables, cotton, rosin, turpentine, Ac, FLORIDA STATE FAIR ASSOCIATION. The object of this Association is to encourage an intelUgent cultivation of llie soil by bringing together^ at stated intervals, all of the people who by labor or capital help to fructify the land throughout Florida, An honorable spirit of emulation as to w1k> can best work and best agree, has manifested itself and every year, except something ver^y uncommon befall, the pro- ducts of every section of the State are placed in com- petition. Tropical and semi-tFopical fruits and plants,, and flowers, are generally abundant^ which, in mid- winter, must be a wondemieiit to people from the- North. The exposition is held annually in February,, at the "State Fair Grounds," near Jasksoaville, where prizes in monej , medals and diplomas are awarded, and are eagerly sought for by exliibitors Since its orgaiization, the State Fair has" been very successful, and has brought about great improvements in both the quantity and quality of the products pecu- liar to Florida. This year's fair, how-ever, (1881) was' extremely exceptional, tlie terribly cold weather of the^ North, though tempered bj^ our genial and warm clime,, reduced the mercury at the Weather Office im 145 Jacksonville to 19 deg. Fahrenheit, an occurrence hitherto unequalled. The oraoge and other fruit crops were at the time being collected and forwarded to market, yet considerable loss was sustained as far south as Lake George, on the St. Johns. In conse- quence, the exhibition of th°s year was in the estima- tion of the people, an nnfortunate failure. Duval county showed someffine specimens of whit^ potatoes, tomatoes, turnips, parsnips, carrots, cassava and arro^r- root. Arnold Puetz, (the Florist of Hogan street^ Jacksonville,) made a decidedly fine display o_' plants, and, although there were no flowers on exhibition by him, he is entitled to great CTedit for his efforts to make the fair attractive. Mr. Bidwell also had a fine lot of ornamental plants on ex:hibition. Putnam coun- ty sent some fine oranges, and then to the re;-cue came the famous Orange county, the one saving feature of the fruit and vegetable show of the State. The "Bel- air" estate, just outside of Sanford, and the grounds of Mr. Geo. E. Su.wyer, of Sanford, presented the finest grades of oranges, lemons, citrons, cauliflowers, wiiite potatoes, turnips and other vegetables, and even pine- apples of a superior class, all of which were grown in the open air, and were untouched by the trost so de- structive in the less southerly portions of the State. There are few regrets expressed Iw the farmers who have participated in the loss. It is conjectured by them that a complete compensation will be found in next year's crop in quantity, and that the quality will everywhere be improved, in all of which they' have our great good will. THE AKT PEPARTMENT possessed very littb to interest the visitor. Were it not for the Ciiromos, Drawings and Prints exposed by Messrs. Ashmead P>r thers, a fine case of extra fine "Florida Curiosities," by Mr. L. L Stephens, some beautiful specimens of Shells and Shell Groupings, and the large case of "Curiosities" by Damon Greenleaf, U6 its failure would have been complete. Even with all these, it is clear that art has an open field in Florida. Not a single picture of decided merit was exhibited except the photographic productions of Mr. Swift's camera. THE FLOEIDA FEtJIT GROWERS* ASSOCIATION is an organization also aiming at the diffusion of such knowledge as will enable planters and farmers to culti- vate profitably. From its by-laws, adopted in 1874, we clip the following — "article III. "Nothing shall be published as emanating from this Association unless by the special order of the Associa- tion, and under the direction of the President and Secretary." The Florida Agriculturist is a very valuable paper given to the interests of our fruit and food raisers. NEWSPAPERS. There are many ably edited sheets published in the State, among them, the "Floridian," of Tallahassee, (the State Capitol,) "Daily Union," Jacksonville, "Eastern Herald," Palatka, "South Florida Journal," Sanford, "Mirror," Fernandina, "Cedar Keys Jour- nal," Cedar Keys, and others, the titles of which do not occur to our mind, at Starke, Madison, Monticello, Pensacola, Tampa, Key West, &c. FERNANDINA, Latitude 30 deg., 42 min., 15 sec. north ; longitude 81 deg., 26 min., 45 sec. west from Greenwich. This place is situated on Amelia Island, and has for its en- trance one of the finest natural harbors on the southern coast. The whole naval force of "Uncle Sam" might readily float within its protective arms and seem as but dots upon its bosom. There are several good hotels here. The "Egmont" is of very recent construction? 147 has all modern facilities, and is everyway first-class. Its distance from Jacksonville is, at present, by water, about 50 miles— by railway, some 65 miles. The latter distance will soon be reduced to about one-half by the opening of the Jacksonville and Fernandina Railroad, and the run made in about one hour. This is the point where Dominic de Gourgues landed in the summer of 1567, and from which, having gained the alliance of the Indians, he marched upon and de- stroyed the Spanish troops and forts at the mouth of St. Johns River, in retaliation of the terrible massacre of the Huguenots by the Spaniards under Menendez, in 1565, It has recently been exceedingly unfortunate, being almost swept by fire and by plague. From these it has bravely risen and now exhibits a plucky thrift that ensures its future prosperity. A fine view of the Atlantic may be had from "Old Town," or the magnificent beach on the east side of the island, which forms one of the finest drives in the world. ERRATA. Exclude the wora which, page 10, second line. OoKLAWAHA RivER distanccs, on page 93, furnished by Dr. Bouknight, of Palatka, should be preferred to those given on page 19. The word PROVE, on page 122, ninth line of "Cy-' press Isle," should read prone. 148 INDIAN RIVER LINE STEAMER VOLUSIA LeaAXS JacksoDville every Saturday at 3 p. m., for Sanford & Salt Lake AND WAf LANDINGS, CONNECTING AT SALT LAKE FOR INDIAN RIVER. STEAMER FOX FROiVI SANFORD F(JR ROCKLEDGE LANDING— FOR INDIAN RIVER— EVERY WE DNE>SDAY. Passengers by this Line have the privilege of stopping over at Sanford to visit the Orange Groves. 4@=°For passage or freight apply on board or to Jacksonville, Fla. MALLORY'S NASSAD MAIL SleaisUp LINE, THE ONLY STEAMSHIP LINE TO NASSAU. Steamers leave PIER 20, EAST RIVER, NEW YORK Every Two Weeks, as per Schedule, railing at Fernandina, Fla. , for passengers only. The steam- ers also continue to Matanzas, Cuba, affording the tourist an opportunity to conil)ine FLOKIDA, NASSAU AND CUBA. This line offers facilities for reaching Nassau that have never before been equalled. For passage rates, schedules of sailing, etc., appl}' to LEVE & ALDEN, At Jacksonville, Fernandina and Savannah. C. H. MALLORY & CO., General Agents, Pier 20, East River, New York, Witliout Question —THE MOST— lTTll€f If 1 fLAm For Visitors to While Awuy an Hour, -I^SAT- —OF— PMEiM craiosifiis. Live Alligators, Rattlesnakes, and a great variet}^ of Animals, Birds, Reptiles, both alive and preserved; and to finish things, Mr. Greenleal' has the most complete stock of Florida Curiosities to be found in the State. All Goods Manufactured IN HIS OWN ESTABLISHMENT. Sea Beans and Alligator Teeth Mounted in Solid Gold and carved in every shape. Sleeve Buttons, Studs, Sets of Jewelrv,W;vtch Charms,(fec. _ 'Feathers in every variety. Walking- Canes of all kinds of Florida wood, carved and plain. FEATHER FLOWERS, SHELL AND FISH SCALE JEWELRY. X. nil --0 19^.2 M^' LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 498 9612 •